THE HISTORY Of the late WAR with the TURKS, During the Siege of VIENNA, And the Great Victory obtained against them, at the raising the SIEGE. TOGETHER, With an Account of the underhand deal of FRANCE in that affair.  
Being the best and fullest Relation that has been yet published.  
Printed at Cologn, and reprinted at London, for H. Bonwicke, at the Red-Lion in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1684.   

A RELATION Of the present WAR WITH THE TURKS, Till the raising the Siege of VIENNA.  
THE Emperor expected in making the Peace of Nimeguen, that France would rest contented with the advantages she had already gained in the War. But he● happy successes only increased her courage; for scarce had she signed the Treaty, bu● thought of breaking it. Thi● dealing gave not small troubl● to the Emperor, who beheld himself on the other sid● threatened by the Turks, an● not trusting so much to his own strength, as to believe he could at the same tim● make head against two suc● Potent Enemies, he thereupon dispatches Count Albert Capr●ra to the Port, with advantageous offers to obtain a continuation of the Truce, which was between the two Empires, and now upon expiring▪ In the mean time the Partisans of France took hence occasion to blame his Conduct; publishing he was more willing to comply with the Infidels, than the King, though he might expect from him sufficient assistance. But they took no notice at the same time, that France would come to no agreement: But upon conditions which were not only dishonourable to the Empire, but tended also to the utter ruin of the Emperor. For the King of France would have approved by a Treaty all the infractions which he had made of the Peace of Nimeguen, and moreover certain pretensions satisfied, which I can scarce forbear terming ridiculous, were I not withheld by the respect which is due to whatsoever comes from Crowned Heads.  
Howsoever, the Emperor impatiently expected some news from Caprara, when this Ambassador (deceived by the artifices of the Grand Visier, who was wholly set upon amusing him with hopes of peace, whilst he thought on nothing but War,) advertized him he doubted not but to accomplish his business; which filled the Emperor and the whole Court with joy.  
In effect, although he willingly would have turned his Arms against this common Enemy of Christendom, yet knowing the designs of France, which aspired of late to the Empire, th'interest of his Family made him respect it as an enemy far more dangerous, than the Turk could be; who at farthest expected but one place or two, whereas the other would swallow up the whole.  
A report being spread in the month of January, that the King of France would encamp 50 Thousand men on the Saon, and almost as many on the Saar, obliged the Emperor to secure the Rhyne. And altho' he had only words as yet from the Turks, he chose rather to ungarison Hungary, than expose his Country to the invasion of the French. Count Mansfeld, who was with the King of France from the Emperor, had in the mean time orders to observe whatsoever past: But that Court taking pleasure in giving every day new fears, he could send no certainer news than what were commonly reported, to wit, that the King would carry the War into Germany the next spring, if the Emporor granted him not whatsoever he demanded.  
Although perhaps what I now mentioned, may appear distant enough from my subject, which is to relate the success of the War, which the Turks made with the Emperor, yet will it not appear so to those that shall take the pains, to consider how necessary 'tis to show what the Emperor had to fear on the side of the French, to the end he may not be blamed for not immediately employing all his forces to repel the Infidels; neither will it be amiss to take notice by the way, that setting aside Religion, 'twas more the Emperor's interest to oppose this power than that of the Turks: Because the Establishment of the house of France, is the undoubted ruin of the house of Austria. Howsoever the Emperor seeing the effect was far from the hope he had conceived from the promises of Caprara, caused new levies to be raised in all the hereditary Provinces, and solicited the Christian Princes to enter into a confederacy with him against this common enemy of Christendom. The King of Poland made an offensive and defensive League with him: Several other Princes promised to assist him, some with men, others with money, and in short, great preparations on all hands were made for War, seeing it could not be avoided. In the mean time it being known at Rome what passed in France, the Pope sent a Brief to the King, wherein having given him all the qualities due to a great Prince, as indeed he is, he exhorted him to assist the Emperor, or at least not hinder others from doing it.  
In the mean time great care was taken to fortify Waag and Raab, the keeping of which were entrusted to the Hungarians; it being hoped, the seeing, not only their estates, but likewise the lives of their Wives and Children were concerned, they could not but stoutly resisit th'enemy.  
Comorra and Raab, being looked upon as the bulwarks of Christendom, were carefully fortified: And it being supposed the enemy would not leave two places of that importance behind them, to come and besiege Vi●nna, there was less care than ought to be taken in strengthening this last place: so that when the Turks appeared before it, the ditches were not so much as cleansed, nor the bastions repaired. Yet both these defects were amended under the favour of the Cannon and Muskets, which kept th' Infidels from disturbing the workmen. But that which facilitated the performance of this, was, that the enemies not being able to bring their Cannon over the Danube, by reason of Raab, and Comorra, which belonged to the Emperor, they needed much time to draw it by land, the ways being broken in several places, which hindered them from planting them so soon as their occasion required.  
To mention every thing in order, I should first say, that the Emperor seeing the Turks had set up the horsetail, which is to them a signal of War, and moreover exercised several hostilities on the frontiers, he held a Council of War, resolving to prevent their designs. 'Twas determined in this Council, that the Troops should speedily leave their Garrisons, and make their rendezvous a league distant from Presburg, to march thence to Newhawsel, which was intended to be besieged, in hope 'twould be taken before the Turks could succour it.  
The Command of the Army was given to the Duke of Lorraine; for besides the confidence which the Emperor put in him, he should by this means take away all causes of jealousy from several others, who would not have been contented, had they been obliged to obey any one but the Emperor's Brother-in-Law. In the mean while the Duke of Lorraine, who was sick during the whole Winter, and scarce yet fully recovered; could not come so soon to the Army, and indeed made it a month before his arrival, which occasioned much mischief: For whilst he was recovering from his sickness, the Bassa of Newhausel had time to fortify the place, and to prepare himself for defence.  
The Governor of Gran, who likewise might fear the Emperor's Arms, took care whereinsoever he was concerned, and agreed with the Bassa of Newhausel to send him assistance, if he should be the first set upon, as also to receive the same from him, if Gran chanced to be first attacked by the Christians.  
Things being in this posture; when the Duke of Lorraine came to the Army, and made the review of it in the presence of the Emperor, Duke of Bavaria, and several other Princes, he caused it to march between Gran and Newhausel, as if it had been still uncertain which of these places he minded to attack. About six leagues off both these Cities he seemed to be determined for Gran: For having made a detachement of 6000 horse, he caused them to march on the side of Gran, which made the Bassa of Newhausel believe that 'twas not he, whom he designed. In the mean time to satisfy the agreement made betwixt 'em, as afore mentioned, he sent out about 2000 men of his Garrison, with orders to enter Gran. But as soon as ever he that Commanded the detachem●nt of the Duke of Lorraine knew they were entered, he turned short off to Newhausel, which he invested.  
The Duke of Lorraine, ravished at the news of the Garrison of Newhausel's being thus weakened, hastened to the Town, and having fixed his Quarters, sent a summons to the Governor to this effect, That he wondered at his obstinacy in defending such a place which had not half men enough to keep it; and thereupon advised him to come to a speedy agreement, otherwise he would deal with him, as those deserve, who pertinaciously stand upon a fruitless defence. The Bassa of Newhausel made answer to the Duke of Lorrain's messenger, That he wondered what should hinder him fr●m ●●tting him to death at that instant, that he should therefore speedily return and tell his General, h● would show him in a few days to whom the Grand Signior Entrusted his places. In effect, he on that day made a sally out on our Guards, who gave place to the first impetuosity of the Turks: Which gave an alarm to the whole Camp, and caused the cavalry to mount on Horseback, who beat back the Infidels. Yet did they carry away a great number of Prisoners, whose heads they caused to be immediately cut off.  
And to affright us the more, planted them along the walls of the Town, which was an object of great grief to several, who continually beheld the loss they had suffered, of their brother, friend, or near kinsman. This happy success encouraged afresh the Turks to make another sally the next morning, in which having likewise taken some Prisoners, they used 'em after the same manner as the former.  
This did not so damp the Courage of the Christians as to hinder 'em from making use of it as a motive to revenge, and of more care for the future. Our batteries then were raised in a short time, the trench opened, and there was never more hopes of a happier success, when there arose a report throughout the whole Camp, That the Duke of Lorraine openly complained, that Prince H●rman of Baden, Precedent of the Council of War, which was at Vienna with the Emperor, kindered necessaries being sent him for the siege, hoping thereby to make him lose his reputation, and render himself more considerable. In fine, these reports were so common in the Army, that coming to the Ears of Prince Lewis of Baden Herman's Nephew, he had some words about it with the Duke of Lorraine. And indeed 'twas well known of a long time, that Prince Herman had a secret jealousy of the Duke and 'twas the opinion of several, that he would not have been much troubled had his undertake proved successless. But in this occasion, not only the welfare of the Empire, but moreover of all Christendom being concerned, 'twas charitably judged this hatred was somewhat abated, if not wholly extinguished. But 'twas afterwards apparent how greatly such as thus reasoned were deceived, when they came to use the ammunition.  
Whilst the Trench was well advanced, and there were great hopes for us, the Duke of Lorraine receives an order from the Emperor, signed with his own hand, by which he was enjoined to raise the siege, and put forces into Raab, Comorra, and Presburg. 'Tis impossible to relate the vexation which seized the Duke at this Command, the whole fault of which he cast on the Prince of Baden: But not able to dispense with his obedience, he retired from the Town, and drew up his Army in Battalia, showing by his countenance, that obedience was the only cause of his retreat. In fine, when he was to departed, he lodged some infantry in several houses, which were about a quarter of a league distant from the Town, hoping in case he should be followed, not only this infantry would favour his retreat; but moreover, seeing the enemy must pass near these houses, those whom he left behind in 'em might attack 'em in the Flank, and whilst they were surprised with the first Charge, the cavalry which was at the rereguard, should turn head upon them, and easily defeat 'em.  
It cannot be said, but that this order was given according to the rules of War, there being all the likelihood in the world of a suitable success. But the raising of the siege had so discouraged the Troops, that when the Infidels appeared, the rereguard doubled their pace, instead of facing about, leaving those who were in the houses without any hope of succour. They defended themselves, as well as they could, for an hour or two, but the place being not tenable, they were forced to yield to a greater power, so that those who escaped from the combat, were all made Prisoners.  
This did little advantage them, for the Bassa no sooner was entered into Newhausel, but he caused their heads to be cut off, and planted on the ramparts of the Town, with those who died with their Arms in their hands, as if he meant his cruelty should add to his glory. The Count de Taxis, who was of one of the best Families in Spain, and whose Ancestors have possessed time out of mind the Office of Great Master of the Posts of that Kingdom, was one of those miserable victims.  
The Army, in the mean while held on the way to the Isle of Schut, and as she retired, news came of a greater misfortune, than the raising the siege of Newhausel. I mean of the Treason of the Hungarians, that were in the passage of Vaag, who instead of defending it, as was expected, joined themselves to Count Teckely, chief of the Malcontents of Hungary, after they had Charged the other Troops, which were with them, for the defence of the passage. I cannot express, nor nobody with me, how great was the Arms consternation at the first news of this mishap. For every one imagining already to see the Turks at his elbow, thought of nothing but how to escape them; and as if they had neither Arms nor Hands to oppose them, they had the victory already yielded 'em without striking a stroke. But that which augmented still each one's fear, was, that of every party which was sent out from the rest of the Army, there returned at most not above half, and generally in bad order.  
Every body took pleasure in augmenting the Forces of the enemy. Some saying they were 300000 men, others 400 thousand, and exaggerating beyond all truth the crueltes which they had exercised along the way. So ingenious are men when they are set upon it to do themselves mischief.  
In fine, the Turks having past the Vaag, and possessed themselves of all places, which are between that River and the Danube, arrived on the banks of this latter, where they built a Bridge above the Papas, over which passed their Infantry. The Cavalry with the Baggages passed over the Papas. But the Army being numerous, and the multitude generally retarding enterprises, the Grand Visier made several detachements, some to plunder the Country, others to pursue our Army, which had not yet gained the Isle of Schut. Those that were designed for plunder, gathered an inestimable booty of all things. For nothing being less suspected than the Treason of the Hungarians, every one was therefore in his house, far from thinking their misfortune so near.  
All the Campain was then entirely pillaged, and after the Infidels had satisfied their covetousness, they glutted their cruelty in the blood of Aged persons. In fine, they set all on fire, sparing neither houses of Princes, nor Peasants; nor those of the Emperor, so that Luxemburg was burnt with several considerable Castles, and their vastations were sooner known at Vienna, than the revolt of the Hungarians.  
The Tartars who were employed in the ruin of so many men, and stately Buildings; retired with the same precipitation wherewith they came, fearing to be cut off in their way home; and left as many marks of cruelty in their retreat, as they made appear in their coming. This news, which was soon known by our Army, perfected our dread and consternation. The Duke of Lorraine could find no body, who would undertake to bring him news of the enemy's motion, and when he sent out any, it seemed as if he sent 'em to their Graves. So greatly were they possessed with an imagination of their force and cruelty. Yet the Army still advanced, the Infantry at the head, the Cavalry at the tail with the Dragoons. The Baggage was on the left, and marched separately with th● Regiment of Dragoons of Savoy, at the head of whom was the Chevalier of Savoy whose Father was the deceased Count of Soissons, the Infantry of Count Taff was also for the guard of these Baggages with the Cavalry detached from divers bodies. As we were at the bank of a River a party which the Duke o● Lorraine had sent out brought him word, that the enem● was not above a league off which obliged him to remain in the rereguard, to give order that they might be received as they ought. But the fear was so great, that instead of hearing this Command, the Cavalry forsook the Infantry, and retired under the Cannon of Vienna. The Duke of Lorraine followed the Cavalry to make it return to its post, but not being able to become master of it, he Commanded the Infantry with all speed to pass ever in●o th● Isle of Schut, whi●h was near, and to re 〈…〉 themselves incessantly. W 〈◊〉 ●he avantguard passed, the 〈…〉 appeared, and began to ●●●●ge the Regiment of Montecucali, who h●d the rereguard. The Baggage was likewise attacked at the same time, and the Turks found so little resistance in the one and the other, that they promised themselves to obtain an entire Victory that very day.  
In the mean while the Chevalier of Savoy, who was as I sai●, engaged in the defence of the Baggage, having rallied some Dragoons, and some others that were well disposed, set himself to oppose the enemy. But his men having been soon beat back, he was overrun by the Turks, and his horse falling backwards on him, the pummel of his Saddle with the weight of his horse crushed him to death. The Infantry on their side fought under favour of the Wagons, or to speak better, endeavoured to make them a rampart against the strokes of the enemy. But as soon as ever the Turks had opened a passage, every one began to throw down his Arms, and take his heels, so that in shanning death, they found it nearer and more ignominious. For the Turks lighting on 'em thus disarmed, and without defence, killed them without the least danger.  
In fine, after they had killed about 800, they fell on the Baggage, which saved the rest of the Army. For whilst they were busied on pillaging, they which had not yet passed over into the Isle of Schut made haste to get thither. We lost near 13 or 14 hundred men in this conflict, amongst whom were two Princes, to wit, the Chevalier of Savoy, and the Prince de Aremberg, three Counts of the Empire, and several Officers. Moreover the Turks took a great booty, whose value was esteemed at 3 hundred thousand Crowns: For the Prince of Montecuculi lost for his share near 20 thousand, the Prince of Baden a more considerable sum, and several other Officers accordingly.  
But though every particular person had enough to lament the loss of, yet this was the least trouble, for there were other things of greater concernment. The Infantry saw themselves abandoned by the Cavalry, and knew not well which way to turn themselves. The Duke of Lorraine was gone after the horse, and the news of him was expected with the greatest impatiency. But he lost no time, being resolved to lose his life, or bring off his Infantry. In effect, after some reproaches to the Cavalry, he tells 'em, the way to repair their fault, was to return to the enemy: That they need only follow him, for he hoped by God's assistance, how difficult soever the enterprise was, to come in a short time to the end of it.  
He was become desperate by what had happened to him, and his affliction made him scarce known, so greatly was he altered by it. For besides the danger, wherein all the Empire lay, (he knew that the good and bad success of affairs were attributed only to the Commanders,) he beheld his reputation in great danger, had not fortune seconded his Courage. He marched always foremost, and having given necessary orders to avoid confusion, he sent away two men, by different ways, to advertise his Infantry, that he was coming to their assistance.  
The Turks knowing his design, made straight up to him, to dispute him the passage, but the Duke casting himself first amongst the firings of the enemy, opened a passage with his Sword, having beat down before him all that opposed him. In fine, having rejoined his Infantry, he was received with testimonies of esteem, and an extraordinary joy. He showed them on his side the satisfaction he took in delivering them from that great danger, but amidst these congratulations he learned that the main body of the Ottoman Army drew near, and thereupon puts a great part of the Infantry into Raab, Comorra, Presburg, and withdrew with the rest of his Cavalry near Vienna.  
The Emperor who had received a fierce alarm by the sudden irruption of the Infidels, and who considered that after the revolt of the Hungarians, he could no longer remain at Vienna in surety, bethought himself at the same time of leaving it. But first augmented the privileges of the Scholars, which were already very great, and considerable, that having received them as a recompense of their Courage which they showed heretofore against Solyman, when he besieged the City, this should be a fresh incitement to defend it with the same resolution. He gave also to the Shoemaker's Apprentices their Freedom, who were to the number of about 1500, in case they took Arms, and did any thing considerable for the Country.  
In fine, having recommended the City to Count Starenberg, whom he left therein Governor, he departed carrying with him whatsoever he had valuable. He took the way of Lintz, accompanied with the two Empresses, the Princes his Children, and other Persons of Quality.  
Every one wept at his departure, and this Prince had much ado to forbear himself. So greatly was he afflicted to be thus constrained to abandon his people to the mercy of the Infidels. In the mean time each one endeavoured to follow him, to avoid the being exposed to those mischiefs which they represented. In fine, there being not Coaches enough to carry all those that offered 'emselves, several Women of Quality got behind like Lacques; so that one might have seen the first Prince in the World, followed by all the flower of the Germane Nobility, to go as an exul amidst the screeches and lamentations of his people, who presented 'emselves in his passage with showrs of tears.  
Several Jesuits, who were very ready to follow the Emperor for several reasons, were gotten into a Wagon, at the sight of whom the people turned their compassion into a just rage. And knowing their perfidiousness was the cause of all these miseries, they fell upon 'em, and few escaped their fury.  
The Emperor all this while marched with a countenance sad and dejected like his fortune. Others kept a mournful silence, and although each had left their estates behind 'em, 'twas not known whether their own mishap or that of the Prince was to be most lamented. In fine, this march much resembled a Funeral Pomp, when another spectacle increased the dolour and compassion. For they beheld the other side of the Danube all in fire, and the Emperor having caused his Coach to stop, knowing not at first what it was, soon perceived 'twas the Turk's, who showed there new testimonies of their barbarous cruelty. He could not withhold his tears at the sight of a thing so much needing his compassion, and although he did all he could to refrain his grief, he could not effect it.  
Being arrived at Lintz, he stayed there some days expecting the whole Court, which could not part at the same time with him. And every one being come near his person, he travelled thence to Passaw, where he resolved to wait the events of the War. There came news every day which served to accomplish his misery; for in effect he was informed from Hungary, that all places revolted from him, and that he had reason to suspect those about him of that Country, who muttered unsufferable things against his government.  
In the mean time the Turkish Army advanced still on the side of Vienna, which obliged the Duke of Lorraine, who could not resist them, to put forces into the place, and thence to retire. He put in effectually 12000, who with the ancient Garrison, amounted to about 15000 men, besides the Scholars, Handycrafts men, and several other Inhabitants, who were able to do service.  
Count Starenberg seeing the Turks were coming straight to Vienna, assembled all the people, and made to 'em a short discourse to this effect. That b●fore the enemy blocked up the way, he was desirous of knowing who were for staying in the Town, and who for leaving it. That they need only freely tell him, for he meant no hurt thereby to the one nor the other. Moreover as to those who were for staying with him, he must as freely discover his resolutions to defend the place to the utmost extremity, so that if they had not Courage enough, to share with him both the honour and danger, which must accompany all their actions, they would do better to departed than stay. At which words every one cried out, he was ready to die for his Country, and Starenberg seeing their forwardness, bid them hold up their hands as they would be faithful to God and their Emperor; at the same time one might have beheld an infinite number of hands lifted up in the Air in sign of fidelity.  
Starenberg having congratulated their forwardness, sent away useless persons out of the Town. But being about to turn the Women out, they entreated him not to do it, promising to work as well as the Soldiers, which so satisfied him, that he caused but few of 'em to departed. In the mean while he made an Inventory to be brought him of the munitions of War, and provision; and found he had more corn than he needed, but few  for so great a Garrison. He also found he had less powder, and other necessaries, and no one could tell whom to charge with this neglect, for time was not wanting whereby to provide all things: All that could be said, was, that 'twas hoped the place would be succoured before they came to want these things. For otherwise, this neglect of the Officers could not be sufficiently blamed, who believing the Turk dared never begin his Campain there, thought it sufficient to store Raab, Comorra, and Presburg, which they imagined lay more exposed to danger. Yet was not this an excuse for them, whose care ought to have provided against whatsoever might happen.  
But not to reprehend any one here, I shall only say that the Turks finding no body in the field to withstand them, extended their Army in such a manner, that it contained above 30 miles in front. They burned thus a great deal of the Country, and having left every where the marks of their cruelty, the Army attacked the Isles which are on the Danube about Vienna, and having made 'emselves masters of them, they thereby took away all communication which they held with the Town.  
On the other hand, the Parties which the Grand Visier had sent out, possessed themselves of several Castles, of which they burned those which were useless to 'em, and put in Garrisons in the others which might secure their Convoys. Yet had they left a great many Troops about Raab, Comorra and Presburg, to curb those Garrisons, which without this, had been likely to disturb the foragers, and hinder those who came every day to their Army, from travelling in surety. Count Teckely who had excited great troubles in Hungary, where he held intelligence with all the great ones, the most part of which were his kindred, had marched in the mean time on the frontiers of Poland, to hinder not only the effect of the league, which I have already mentioned, which was concluded by the Emperor and the King of Poland, but likewise to possess himself of some Castles, which were necessary for this design. He took several of 'em without any trouble, because the great ones of the Country, who desired only some pretence to appear compelled to take Arms against the Emperor, were very glad of this opportunity, and failing not to publish, they could do no otherwise than declare themselves on the side of the strongest, seeing they were forsaken by him who ought to protect them, they took part with Teckely, so that his Army every day considerably increased. There was only one Baron of the Country, named Johanelli, who made resistance in his Castle of Panowits, and who obliged Teckly to a formal attacking him.  
This Castle being situate on the top of a Mountain whereunto 'twas difficult to bring up the Cannon, held Teckly a longer time than he could well spare from his affairs. For whilst he was employed before that place, General Schuts, who had order to join the Troops of Prince Lubomirski, (then on their march from Poland in great diligence,) hastened to execute his orders, and effected 'em before Teckely could hinder him.  
Teckely enraged, that such a place as this should make him miss so considerable an occasion, battered the Castle of Panowits with such fury, that the Cannon having made a breach wherein might pass 10 men a breast, he resolved to give a terrible assault. Whereupon the Baron Johannelli, (whose Garrison consisted of not above 200 men, and they people picked up here and there, and who fought rather to save their goods, which they had laid up in the Castle, than for honour) sent a messenger to Teckely, to let him know that he would surrender upon certain conditions. But this General was so enraged, as I already mentioned, that he had made him lose so much time, which he might to good purpose have used elsewhere, that he would not have granted a surrender upon any Terms, if the Hungarian Lords, who were some of 'em his own kinsmen, and some Johannellis, had not interposed their entreaties to give him his life.  
Teckly marching from thence encamped at Tokay, where understanding the Grand Visier marched on the side of Eseck, he parted from his Camp with 2000 horse, to meet and confer with him about what they had to do during this Campain. The reception which the Grand Visier gave Teckely, surprised those which accompanied him, so great was the kindness showed him. But this Turkish Minister had private ends in doing this, considering it necessary to insinuate into the minds of the Hungarian Lords there present, that he came rather to give them assistance, than to enlarge the dominions of his Master, which were already but too great, and of too vast extent. He received him then not as a Baron of the Country, but as him for whom his Master reserved the Crown of Hungary, of which he was very willing to give him assurances, in presence of the principal Turks and Hungarians: To the end, that the news of it flying every where, might produce the effect he expected. He, in the mean time, order him, to possess himself of the passage of Oralva, through which he expected the coming of the King of Poland, assuring him that thereon depended the success of the promises which he made to him in the name of the Grand Signior.  
Things were in this posture, when the Grand Visier sat down before Vienna. He immediately attacked the Subburb of Leopolstad, which is separated from the Town only by an Arm of the Danube, and having made himself master of it, after a fierce dispute on both sides, he raised two Bridges on the River, the easier to communicate with his own Troops, who were scattered up and down, some in the Isles, others in the main land. He expected in the mean while his great Ordnance, which could not arrive so soon, because as I have already said, they were forced to draw it by land, which was very tedious, especially the ways being so uneven.  
In the interim, to lose no time, the Grand Visier set 'em to work at the lines of circumvallation, and contravallation, which were all of 'em very irregular, by reason of th● situation of the Country, bu● which were yet no less strong▪   

For the former were Cannon proof, and the latte● defended by good redoubts which were raised in an equ● distance.  
Till the lines of circumvallation were drawn, the thi●● part of the Ottoman Army 〈◊〉 still at Bivac, and although the rest kept quiet in thei● Tents, yet had they order 〈◊〉 be ready at the first command so that the horses remained saddled all night. The line● being finished, they were n● longer guarded but by loo● bodies of men, which afforded some rest to the Army which was exceeding weary by continual standing to their Arms, for they were not only obliged to frequent watch, but forced to keep-continually on horseback, either to meet the Convoys, or for other exigences of War.  
On our side there was a great fault committed, for instead of wasting the Corn and Grass growing in the fields, t' incommodate the enemy, they were both left untouched, which was the cause that the enemy's Army, as numerous as it was in horse, had no need to go far for forage.  
Whilst this past, Count Starenberg had interrupted the work of those that laboured at the lines of contravallation, by frequent sallies. But finding this proceeding disadvantageous to him (for their fell such a multitude of Turks on his men, that they were always forced to give way,) he contented himself with firing the Cannon at 'em, which did good execution, till the enemy had made themselves shelters. These lines being finished, they opened their Trenches, placing 4000 horse to defend the Workmen.  
The fire of the Town was very great all the night, during which Count Starenberg, caused several Artificial fires to be thrown over the Walls, to discover on what side the enemies were at work.  
The great Ordnance of the Turks being now arrived, 'twas placed on several Mounts, the better to do Execution. The Grand Visier set 20 thousand men to guard it, in case the Christians should attempt to enclose it. For an Italian, who had fled into his Camp, assured him that Count Starenberg had such a design, and although the enterprise appeared to him so difficult, that he could scarce credit it, yet was he resolved to be wanting in no manner of precaution.  
He caused 4 batteries to be raised, two of which played against one bastion, so that one might say they were one and the same battery, were it not that they ruin'd it on both sides. As to the two others, they were placed against two other works, which defended the City on the side of the Scotch and Red Gates, where the Grand Visier designed to make his attack.  
As soon as ever these batteries were finished, they were so well supplied, that the Town received a thousand shot the first day, and more than 16000 the two next: All the City Cannon were in these 3 days dismounted, and great numbers were wounded, with several Officers killed in their attendance on it. This furious beginning filled the whole City with terror, which was increased by the Bombs, that set several parts on fire, and that were with great difficulty quenched.  
The Citizens, who were not used to these kind of disasters, had already lost above half their Courage, which they showed before the siege began. And Count Starenberg knowing there were not wanting some who began to talk of a surrender, caused a Gallows to be set up in the Marketplace; swearing in the presence of some of the principal Citizens, that he would hang thereon the first that should mention any such matter.  
This severity, which was not unseasonable, retained the most fearful in their duty and obedience. But lest the Citizens should infect the Soldiers with the same fears, he hindered, as much as in him lay all communication with 'em. And although he first thought to distribute some of his Soldiers amongst the City Trained-bands, to make them the more hardy and expert, yet he changed his resolution, lest as I now mentioned, the fear of the one, should lessen the Courage of the other.  
The Emperor, who was at Passam, as I already observed, received in the mean time messengers every day from the Duke of Lorraine, who informed him what he could of the siege, of which he was but indifferently informed himself. For two men which Count Starenberg sent him, were taken by the Turks, as they endeavoured to pass over to his Camp, and were at the same time hanged, for having Letters found about 'em. He could not then know more, than what common fame brought him, which took pleasure to make things worse than they were, every one regulating the present, by what had passed, which indeed was not very fortunate.  
The Emperor was in a mortal anguish touching what would become of him. For on one hand the most Christian King, having made his Troops to march toward the frontiers of Germany came thither in person, and 'twas reported his designs were against Cologn, or Philipsburg, having Pensioners, as well in one place as the other. In effect in the latter of these one Nigrelly was suspected, and in the former the whole Town.  
Moreover the King of Spain was so dangerously sick, that he was given over by his Physicians; whereupon the Emperor considered in case he died, the King of France would have several claims to decide with him, and fall boldly on the Empire, which perhaps otherwise he durst not attempt, lest he should draw on him the hatred of the Christian Princes.  
Being troubled with these fears, he received two grateful messengers the one informing him the King of France was returned home, and the other that the King of Spain was on his recovery. He wanted only to hear the siege of Vienna went ill on the Viziers side, but was informed on the contrary, that the Turks every day recruited their Camp, with fresh Troops, and their endeavours grew every moment more successful against the Town: This news banished the joy from his heart which he had conceived at the former. And forgetting not to hasten the succours which he was promised from several parts, he sent expresses into all Courts to represent the necessity he had of assistance, and to excite his Allies to a speedy contribution.  
In the mean while the Marquis of Seppeville, Envoy from the King of France to the Emperor, was the person from whom the bad news of the siege was sooner learned than from any other. And he made it his business, to retail it out to every one, although this made him suspected by the Emperor; seeing he dispatched four messages in one week to the King his Master. He hoped perhaps by this means to give him a great deal of satisfaction, but he at the same time inspired the Prince of Conti with a desire to signalise himself against the Infidels, who was moreover discontented at the Kings giving to his prejudice the Government of Languedoc to the Duke of Maine, his natural Son; which had been promised him in espousing Mademoiselle de Blois. He communicated his design only to Prince Eugenus of Savoy, Brother to the Chevalier of Savoy, who was killed in the service of the Emperor, as I have already mentioned, lest in making more acquainted with it, some one should discover it to the King.  
He resolved to part from the Court, on Monday the 25th of July, and having commanded his Coachman to tarry for him at the Palace Royal, where was Monsieur the Duke of Orleans lately come from Versailles, he mounted on Horseback with Prince Eugenus, attended only by a Page, but without a Livery, and took Post for the Road of Senlis. About ten miles from Paris, a Postilion knew him, so that the Prince of Conti having spoken to him, and the other giving him his Title, the Prince asked him whether he knew him, and the other answering he did, he gave him four Pistols, not to discover which way he went, & changing Hats with him, thought he might thus pass on unknown. But this fellow had no sooner left him, but carries the Hat to the House of Conde, which he gave to Gourville intendant of Monsieur the Prince, Uncle to the Prince of Conti.  
They were all till then in great trouble, for his Coachman who had waited for him at the Palace Royal till eleven at night, had set all the house in Alarm. And it being known, he had left the Court, this troubled Madam the Princess of Conte, but yet not so much as the King, who could not imagine what was become of him. The King had sent word hereof to the Prince of Conde, who was then at Paris by the Duke of Fuiellade, and this Prince who was ready to return to Chantilly, came to him, to remain asurety for his Nephew's Fidelity. In the mean time those that believed they knew him, said he was not much troubled at this disparition, which shown the Prince of Conti had courage, and could not suffer the Duke of Main to be preferred before him without Resentment.  
Immediately as soon as 'twas certain at Court what Road he had taken, the King sent several Messengers after him, and gave one of them, whose name was Saintraillees, and belonged to the Prince of Conde, a Letter for him, written with his own hand, in which he called him his Son; but which at the same time told him, that if he returned not speedily, he'd never see him. Whilst 'twas doubted, considering his circumstances, whether he would obey or no, the Prince of Conde sent him Letters of Exchange for twenty thousand Crowns, knowing he had carried but 600 Pistols with him; and that his occasions would require them if he went further. But this being an encouragement to him to continue his Journey, rather than break it, gave every man occasion to believe, the Prince of Conde would not be much troubled should he not show himself so obedient.  
This Prince's departure, to signalise himself against the Turks (for 'twas not doubted but 'twas his design) gave ample matter of discourse to the people, some attributing this resolution to the reason which I before related, others to a domestic grievance, which was muttered soon after his Marriage.  
But to return to Saintrailles, he arrived at B●ussels the same day he parted from Versailles. And being informed the Prince of Conti only passed thorough it, and had taken the road of Cologn, he got to Namur, whence he came down by the , to Liege, where he rested awhile: and taking post thence used such diligence, that he overtook the Prince of Conti, who seeing in the King's Letter, the threaten he used, he resolved on obeying him, so that having embraced Prince Eugenus, of whom the King made no mention, and who was resolved to continue his Journey, and given him a Diamond of great value, he leisurely returned toward France, sending Saintrailles before him, who longed to give the King an account of his Journey. But Saintrailles found the King in such a surprise by the Death of the Queen, who died in a manner suddenly, that he had scarce leisure to think on the Prince of Conti. Yet was he well enough pleased at his obedience, seeing it much concerned him, that whilst he endeavoured at the ruin of the house of Austria, she should not have a Prince of the Blood in her hands, for whom she might expect a great Ransom, supposing she could not so greatly exasperate his discontents, to make him use his Arms against his Allegiance.  
The affairs of the Prince of Conti bearing some Relation to the subject I handle, I hope will be a sufficient excuse for the digression. I shall now return to the Siege of Vienna, which the Turks continued with success, sometimes favourable and sometimes contrary. Staremberg seeing they advanced in their works, still made some Sallies, in one of which he had so briskly charged 'em, that if all their Horse had not come into their assistance with the Janissaries, he had made a grievous rout amongst them and their works. But finding the match to grow unequal, he sounded a retreat, and whatsoever good order he observed, yet did he lose several Officers of note, and no small number of common Soldiers.  
Soon after this he discovers a dangerous enterprise, begun by two Christians against the City, one of which was an Albanian by Nation, and the other of Candia. Their design was to set fire on some parts of the Town, under pretence of quenching that which often was fired by the Enemy's Bombs. But there being found Straw, instead of water in their hands, they were apprehended, and put on the Rack, where confessing their crime, they were punished as they deserved. Their heads were afterwards severed from their bodies and set upon the wall, not only that they without might know their secret practices were discovered, but also to keep those within from the like Treasons.  
In the mean time the Turkish Army receiving no recruits, but what were brought by Camels and Wagons, did not so abound, but that they were often in want. Forage moreover became thin near the Army, and therefore they were forced to go far. In this necessity the Grand Visier sent part of his Horse on the side of Raab, and caused a party of Foot to come to the Camp, which lay on that side the Country, of which he had more need than of the Horse.  
With this Foot which were all in breath the designs greatly advaneed. So that the Grand Visier seeing himself no further from the Counterscarp than ten paces, resolved to attack it after he had sprung a mine, in the Ruins of which he thought he might securely lodge. But the mine instead of damnifying the besieged, falling on the side of the aggressors, several that had advanced to be ready for the assault were destroyed in its Ruins. Whose places being filled up by others, the Counterscarp was attacked with such Vigour, that 'twas wrested by the Sword's point. But Staremberg, who considered that if he gave the Turks time to lodge themselves there 'twould be the loss of the Town, sent thither fresh men, which after a sharp dispute on both sides, drove the Turks thence, of whom they made a great Slaughter.  
The Turks believing their honour was concerned to retake the Counterscarp, and better keep it than before, blew up another Mine, which proving more effectual than the former, made one part of the work fly up into the Air, together with some men that were upon it. Which daunting the Christians courage, several began to faint and give way, whilst the Janissaries assisted by the Workmen, possessed themselves of the Counterscarp. They began at the same time to entrench themselves, when Staremberg hastening to his Men's assistance endeavoured to hinder 'em, and with his Sword in his hand vigorously attacked them, mingling several Granadiers with his Soldiers, in whom he had placed his chief confidence.  
The Janissaries although they had not time to shelter themselves, yet failed not to receive him bravely, and having likewise advanced their Granadiers, and being possessed of the higher ground, they scarcely fired any Granado which had not its effect: the heat of the Christians insensibly abated, and Starenberg perceiving they gave ground, bethought himself of a retreat, plainly perceiving all his endeavours would be fruitless.  
In effect, Starenberg having made the Counterscarp on the side of the City to be Countermined, and his Mine being unperceived, he had no sooner retired far enough, but he blew it up, which caused several Turks to caper in the Air. The Turks were by this put in great disorder, and Starenberg resolving to make his advantage of it, returned to the Charge before they could put themselves in order. But a Battalion advancing to their assistance, the fight began again with equal heat, but with a success very different.  
For the Turks finding themselves refreshed every moment, instead of losing Courage, felt their forces augmenting, whilst the Christians whose Ranks appeared thin, as any one might see by half a look, began to waver. In effect that which they had before their eyes, was a spectacle terrible enough to astonish the most resolute. For they could not make a step, but they must pass over the bodies of their Companions, the greatest part of which, lying gasping for life, were trodden to death by the multitude.  
Starenberg seeing that instead of restoring good order amongst his men, the disorder every moment increased, changed the design which he had of Re-taking the Counterscarp, into that of preserving what had yet escaped the Enemy's hands. And having made his retreat, and taken great care of the wounded, he made a review of those Forces he had left him; which he found diminished by a third part, not so much by Sallies, and in this last occasion, as by the Dysentery or Flux which began to rage in the Town, as well amongst the Citizens as Soldiers. In effect the fatigues together with the bad food they eat, had so heated the blood of most of 'em, that they fell sick every day. And it being impossible for 'em after this to do service, the rest, whose weariness increased as fast as the number of the others diminished, were soon in the same condition, or at least so tired out with labour and watching, that they were all ready to drop down as they marched. Starenberg found himself struck with this distemper, which cast 'em all into a general damp, it being obvious to every one that the Town could not be defended without him. It being feared if he continued his incessant labours any longer, he would fall at length under a dangerous malady, he therefore was entreated to give himself rest, and those of the principal Officers who still enjoyed their perfect health, offered the best of their assistance to ease him. But Starenberg considering with a great deal of reason, that the condition wherein things lay, required a greater industry than his own, would therefore trust to no body, so that although he was very ill, yet did he order all things, as if he had been in perfect health.  
In the mean time the Turks having made themselves masters of the Counterscarp, and repaired it the best they could, to keep it, brought up their Ordnance to it, and there planted 'em, which began to make a horrid confusion in the Town. They beat down above 300 Foot of the Wall, with one part of the Ravelin: And Starenberg desirous to remedy both these inconveniencies, caused a retrenchment to be drawn in the City, over against the Wall which the Turks had beat down. As to the Ravelin, he would have repaired it, but the enemy's Cannon hindered him, and he was forced to content himself with half finishing it.  
The Duke of Lorraine had in this time pitched his Camp between Vienna and Crembs, on the other side the Danube, where he had a Bridge of Boats, over which he made his men pass as oft as they had occasion. He had strengthened the head of his Bridge with two good Forts, where he had lodged his Cannon and Foot Soldiers; so that the Enemy willing to drive him thence, sent out a Party to surprise Tulm, which would have made his Bridge useless, because that after they had rendered themselves masters of the Town, they would have put therein a Garrison, which would have so straight pressed our men, that they could not extend themselves beyond the Danube, as they did before.  
The Duke of Lorraine having notice of this design, sent word to the Governor of Tulm to beware of surprises. In the mean while to prevent the Enemies return without fight, he sent out a Party of his men, almost as numerous as that of the Enemy, and being both met, they so roughly encountered, that there remained of both sides a great number dead in the field. Yet the advantage lay on the Christians side, who put the Turks to flight. But they not daring to pursue 'em too far, for fear of falling into some ambush, were obliged to rest contented with what they had already performed.  
This happy success was seconded by several others. For two or three Parties of our men, having met with several Troops of the Enemy, killed a great number of 'em, and made the rest Prisoners of War.  
But this was not sufficient, for without a speedy succour, Vienna was in great danger, Envoys were therefore dispatched into all Courts, to know what withheld 'em from sending that assistance they promised, and which the City so much needed.  
The Pope joined not only entreaties to those of the Emperor, but also a great number of Briefs, of which the Court of Rome was never sparing, and by which he granted great indulgences to those that succoured Vienna with Money, and an assurance of going straight to Paradise, to such as died in so just a quarrel.  
But he being sensible that all this would not signify much, if he added not thereunto effective assistance, he therefore sent good sums of Money to the Emperor, part of which came from his own Coffers, and the rest from the Cardinals, who did this not so much out of devotion, as to assure their own Fortunes, which would have been shaken, had Vienna fell under the Ottoman power. The Pope likewise sent Ranucci into France in quality of his Nuncio, to move that King to contribute to the succour of Vienna. And to make him the more welcome, gave him consecrated Agnusses to present from him to the Duke of Burgundy, Son to Monsieur the Dauphin.  
But the King being not over joyful at the news of his coming, sent an express to Ranucci not to pass beyond Orleans; under pretence that he was setting out himself for the Frontiers; for what I relate happened about the month of May.  
In the mean time the Dysentery instead of abating in the City, every moment increased, so that near an hundred persons died every day, as well Citizens as Soldiers. As to Starenberg, if the good diet he used, and which others had not, contributed on one hand to his recovery, on the other, God who would not chastise the Christians by the loss of Vienna, permitted him by little and little to recover his health, that he might continue his diligence as he had begun.  
Yet things were still in a very bad case, howsoever we consider 'em. For on one side the Garrison were ready to drop down with faintness, and on the other no comfortable news came of succour; besides 'twas reported and that not without truth, that the King of Poland had about him persons that were Pensioners of France, who endeavoured to insinuate, that there could be no surety to the Kingdom, in making its Forces march out, whilst there were such dangerous enemies at the Gate, and such as were glad of, and lay ready for such an opportunity.  
Yet receiving news continually from that King of his readiness to march, these assurances balanced the contrary reports, which Starenberg took care to conceal from his Garrison; for 'twas to be feared lest this ill news should quite emasculate the Soldiers Courage, who appeared already but too faint, by so many unhappy events, and such a dangerous distemper wherewith they were afflicted.  
But that which contributed to render this malady more incurable, was the Airs being so infected by the stench of the dead Bodies which lay unburied, that it could not be more dangerous in a time of Plague. The cause of this stench was that Starenberg would not yield to any terms of a Truce proposed by the Visier, to take away those of his party, who had been killed in so many several skirmishes, hoping that besides the displeasure he would receive thereby, this would be a spectacle to damp the Courage of the Soldiers, when in marching up to the Charge, they should see before their Eyes the fortune of their Companions, which would be a presage to them of the like.  
Howsoever whether 'twas this infection or something else, which brought this grievous sickness into the Town, they were so greatly incommodated by it, that they would willingly have been delivered from of it at the cost of a greater danger from the enemy. Yet did this distemper rage as well in the Camp of the Turks, of which there died every day near 300, but which was scarce percevable, because they continually received fresh supplies, which made up their losses. But these being people never trained up in War, they seemed to come there only to fill up a number, and not to increase the forces of their party, and being not accustomed to undergo the fatigues of War, the greatest part of 'em fell sick at the end of two days, and rather increased the confusion than confidence of the Army.  
Starenberg who had advice of whatsoever happened in their Camp, took thence occasion to excite his people to patience, to whom he declared by a kind of prediction, that the coming of the King of Poland would perfect the ruin of the Infidels, and prove the deliverance of the City. And indeed 'twas time for him to come, now or never. For the Turks being advertized that he was upon his march, used their utmost endeavours to become masters of the Town; they had gained a Bastion, in taking of which, they surpassed themselves, if one may so say. For although the Christians had made a marvellous resistance, and such as might be expected from persons inspired by a noble despair; all this had hitherto served only to set a greater lustre on the valour of the Enemy.  
The Bastion being taken, they attacked the Ravelin before mentioned, at the taking of which continuing to Testify their Courage, they forced all within to leave it to 'em. But a Mine which the Christians had made, being at the same time blown up, they found in another kind of death, that death which they despised under a different figure.  
They attempted afterwards a descent into the ditch, set up their gabions and gallery, and thundering at the City more than ever with their Cannon, they prepared themselves to carry it by a general assault, before the King of Poland could arrive. The day was set for so great a design, being the 29th of August, a day sacred amongst them, and which they Solemnised with a great deal of Superstition.  
In the mean time the Visier caressed the Officers to encourage them the more, telling 'em the day was come to put an end to their Labours, he exhorted them not only to do their duty, but every one in particular to encourage his Soldiers. These Officers in compliance with the command of the Visier, called together their Regiments, under pretence of viewing their Arms. And taking thence occasion to speak of the enterprise, which the Grand Visier had form, told them 'twas their fault the whole War was not ended in one day. That if they took Vienna, not only all the Christian Towns, which were in Hungary, would surrender of themselves, without striking a stroke, but a way thorough all Germany would be laid open, where there was no strong City, a good and plentiful Country, and wherein every one would find a recompense of his labour. As they held with 'em this discourse, the Grand Visier, who was come out of his Tent, to Authorise by his presence the words of his Commanders, appeared from one end of the line to the other, where in passing, he smiled on every one, to show his approbation of what the Captains had told 'em: then he gins to order all things necessary for the attack. So that Staremberg fearing greatly that day, was as careful on his side that every one should prepare himself to do his best, in such an urgent Occasion. In the mean time he burned the Gallery which the Enemies had made in the ditch, and having thrown several Artificial fires on the Wood which they heaped therein, he so happily set it on fire, that the Turks who ran thither with all their endeavours, could not put it out. The fire which they of the Town made was so great in this rencontre, that the like was never seen, and as the Turks were busied in quenching the fire in the Faggots, there were several of 'em killed, and many wounded.  
This happy success raised up the Christians courage, but did not abate that of the Infidels, who preparing themselves, as by a prelude for a general assault, came to make some essays of their forces, pretending sometimes to rebuild their Gallery, otherwhiles to carry away the Town. And although they did not use all their strength, yet did they so harrass the Garrison, which every day grew weaker, that the Soldiers were scarce able to stand on their Legs.  
'Twas about this time, that the Grand Signior reckoned himself so sure of the City, that he suffered Count Caprara, who had been detained by divers pretences, to return to the Emperor. And as this circumstance may serve to undeceive those, who imagine that Empire has less policy than power, I shall mention here, under what colour he was retained, and what was the real cause of it.  
The Grand Signior apprehending, lest the Christians should join together for the assistance of the Emperor, had thereupon amused all along this Minister with some propositions of peace. But Caprara perceiving 'twas a folly to expect it, seeing he demanded no less than the Crown of Hungary, would have several times been gone, but they would not let him. The affair of Count Serini, whom the Emperor had apprehended, by reason of the intelligence which he held with Teckely, furnished the Grand Signior with a pretence, (who knew not how to detain any longer this Minister) to tell him he must serve for an hostage, till he knew in what manner they used Count Serini, to whom he would willingly have the Emperor know he granted his Protection. Yet all these proceed were only to have a person near him, to whom he might make propositions of peace, in case the King of Poland with the other Christian Princes, should march to the succour of Vi●nna. But the Grand Visier sending him word that this Prince was still a great way off, and that he should take the Town, before he could come to its assistance, he thereupon dismissed Caprara, who was not a little glad of this his Resolution, not reckoning himself in safety whilst in the hands of this barbarous Prince, whose Will stood for Law to all those under his power.  
Things were in this posture, when Count Staremberg, who had found out a way for money, to acquaint th' Duke of Lorraine with his condition, which required a speedy succour, viz. That the Garrison was much weakened, and although it shown still the same Resolution, yet 'twas to be scared, their strength would sooner fail than their courage. That his stock of Powder would be soon exhausted, as well as the Granades, yet he believed he had enough, if (what he had heard say were true) to wit, that the King of Poland was at hand. The Duke of Lorraine answered Staremberg by the same man that brought him the Letter. Who being got safe into the Town, had no sooner delivered his Letters to Staremberg, but this Governor finding they confirmed the arrival of the King of Poland, and that the Town would be soon relieved, imparted this good news to the Citizens and Garrison.  
Which so greatly encouraged both, that it gave new strength to resist the Turks when they should come to make their grand assault, and the hope of being soon delivered from danger, made them not only respect that which they had already been in, as a thing of small consequence, but moreover despise that wherewith they were now threatened. The Citizens desired to keep guard in the Soldier's room, whom they would willingly have eased, but although Staremberg did not doubt of their good will, yet would he not trust them with the Posts of Consequence, fearing, lest the Enemy coming at that time, they would not stand their ground so firmly as the Soldiers, who being of greater experience, mus● needs be less fearful.  
In short, this terrible day▪ wherein the Turks were to do such wonders, being come, they betook themselves to thei● Arms, at the sound of thei● Drums, Hautbois and Trumpets. They made several marches to make the greater show of their forces, and strike the City with greater fear. Which done, the Cannon which had played ever since break of day with more noise than Execution, ceased, till it began by a general discharge, which was the signal of the assault which they intended.  
At the same time one might see those that were to give th● first onset, who were all i● battle array, at the entrance of the Trench separate themselves one from another to march where they were ordered; some with Axes, others with offensive Arms, but all with unusual briskness. The assault lasted six hours, during which the Christians went through great difficulties. For the Infidels were relieved continually by fresh men, whereas the Christians had no sooner got rid of one Enemy, but they had to deal with a second, which was succeeded by a third, and so on.  
The Citizens, whom Staremberg had put all in Arms, some to guard the public places, others to secure divers passages, knowing their whole fortune consisted in the defence of the Soldiers, whom they were informed were very hard put to it, desired Staremberg they might assist them.   

The Count seeing his men ready to faint under the number of the Enemy, was well enough pleased at this Offer. And seasonably putting 'em in mind of their Wives and Children, their Liberty and Religion, he so greatly animated them, that they presented themselves on the Breach with more courage than he expected. The fight which seemed to abate by the fatigue of the Soldiers, began there with great bravery. The Turks who now promised themselves an assured Victory, enraged to see it snatched out of their hands, fought like men desperate. But the Christians urged by greater motives, to use their whole strength, so vigorously repulsed them, that assisted by the Soldiers, who had taken breath, and the advantage, which commonly the besieged have over the Assailants, they made the Infidels turn their backs, a great number of whom remained in the breach.  
The Grand Visier, seeing on what side soever he turned his men, things succeeded ill, soon sounded a retreat, lest matters should grow worse. He withdrew into his Camp mad with vexation and despair. For after this Trial, wherein he had lost above 5000 men, besides those that were wounded, who were near the same number, he feared, and that not without cause, his Troops should mutiny against him. In effect, the Janissaries who had suffered much in all the attacks, and especially in this latter, demanded without spending any more time fruitlessly before this place, to raise the siege, adding that of 12000 which they were but six weeks past, they now could number themselves but six, and those so weakened, that they were not in condition to undertake any thing.  
This beginning of a sedition was a greater affliction to the Grand Visier than the ill success which he came now from having in his enterprise, and it greatly concerning him to stifle it in its birth, he made use of the Aga, which is the name of him that commands them, and obtained from them at his intercession, to keep within bounds of their duty, in consideration of a certain sum of Money which he promised them: a remedy ordinarily used to appease their discontents, but which instead of effecting this, commonly, makes it spring up again on the first occasion.  
The Grand Visier was no sooner freed from this trouble, but he fell into another. For he 〈…〉 ●orm'd that the King of ●oland, having been too hard for Teckely's vigilancy, marched at a great rate to the succour of Vienna, and that his Avantguard was already arrived on the banks of the Danube, to which he would join himself in a few days.  
At this news he caused the wounded and sick to be carried out of the Camp, and having added thereunto new fortifications, he bethought of reducing the Town, before the Poles came to attack him, which could not be yet, their Army being tired by a long march, and needed rest.  
Several other Princes had joined in person with their Troops the Army of the Emperor, as the Duke of Bavaria, and the Duke of Saxony. Besides there came from all parts of Christendom, France excepted, a great number of Lords and Persons of Quality to the Emperor's Army. All which was likely to raise the siege, without any longer expecting the King of Poland, supposing he had tarried any time. But these two Princes being unwilling to obey the Duke of Lorraine, and he being as unwilling to yield to them the command, all these great forces lay useless, till the King of Poland should come to make them agree. For they began already to look upon one another with an ill Eye, not considering, that their business was not to contend for pre-eminence, but for the safety of Christendom.  
As for the Marquis of Brandenbeurg, he had for some time flattered the Emperor with sending him a considerable supply, but being urged to perform what he had promised, and hindered by the Alliance of France, he sought a pretence to break his word, which he found in the demand of the Duchy of Brieg, Lignits, and Wolnaw, over which he pretended a lawful Right. And truly the Emperor was reduced to such an extremity, that 'twas thought he would grant him his demands rather than be without his assistance. But what the Marquis of Brandenburg did, being only for a fair pretence to disengage himself, he thereupon adds another demand, which he knew the Emperor would never grant him. To wit, to permit the Protestants of Silesia to have the free exercise of their Religion, whereupon the Emperor plainly perceiving whence this dealing came, waited no more on his promises.  
Count Waldec, who was declared Prince of the Empire, very lately, and who had Command of the Circular Troops given him, came likewise into the Emperor's Army, who by reason of his experience in the War, and Zeal to his service, was willing to confer with him about the manner of saving Vienna. The Emperor approved of whatsoever he offered him thereupon, but expecting the King of Poland, who was to decide the whole matter, this advice and that of several others, on the same subject, served only to content him at that moment, for the whole order of it was changed as soon as ever that Prince was come.  
In fine, he arrived at Holbron, on the second of September, with the bravest Cavalry the World ever saw, but so tired, that 'twould be to hazard all, to attempt any thing in the Condition they were in. The Duke of Lorraine, who had taken care to store up Provision, for the refreshment of this Army against it came, went to meet him at Holbron, where the King of Poland received him with great Testimonies of Friendship and Confidence, although they had been both rivals in the pursuit of the Crown of Poland. The Duke of Bavaria, and the Duke of Saxony came thither also to salute him, and the King of Poland presented them his Eldest Son, named Alexander, a Prince of about 17 or 18 years of Age, who came to make his Apprenticeship in the War, under the King his Father, who knew enough to instruct him. The former Compliments being ended, they held a Council of War, not to know whether they should succour Vienna, for that matter was resolved upon long before, but to resolve of the manner of doing it.  
The whole affair being determined by 'em, 'twas communicated to the Emperor, who having approved of what was offered, it only now lay upon 'em to dispose of things necessary for so great a design, and the Campain being not only wasted, but not so much as an inhabitant left in any of the houses, from whom might be expected the least matter, every man was forced to carry provision as well for his Horse as for himself.  
The Grand Visier not being ignorant of the great preparations which the Christians made against him, took all possible care on his side to make a good defence. Yet was he in no small inquietude how to effect this. For he was at variance with the chiefest Officers of his Army, who were of opinion that without delaying till the Christians came, they should retire to Newhausel, alleging to justify the soundness of their advice, that their Army was so tired with this long siege, that the Soldiers had more need of rest than labour. And moreover that the greatest part of their men had never seen any thing more of War, than what this siege had showed 'em, how then could they resist an Army, which consisted of the flower of Christendom, and wherein moreover there were such a great number of Princes and persons of esteem, who came there to Conquer or to Die. That there would be no likelihood of success in exposing the remainder of an unfortunate Army, against so flourishing a one, and against a Garrison, whose valour they had sufficiently experienced by the defeat of their best Troops, and so many assaults in vain. That whilst they had time, they should save not only the Army, but also the reputation of the Grand Signior, which was sufficiently lessened, by so fruitless a siege, and wherein they had lost above 30 thousand men.  
The Grand Visier answered to this, that the reputation of the Sultan would rather be lost, if after their remaining so long before a Town, where they had consumed so much Money, they should be so base as to retire before they had struck a stroke. That their Army was twice as big as that of the Christians, and that if the Soldiers wanted experience, 'twas enough their Leaders did not, seeing 'twas necessary to the former only to have Courage, and these to have skill. That the Turks should keep their ground, which was all that could be desired of a Soldier. That as to success, that indeed was uncertain, but howsoever they could not fail of this consolation, of having done their duty, and not having fled from the Enemy, which would overwhelm them with infamy all their days.  
The Grand Visier's advice was to serve as a Law, wherefore they were forced to comply. In the mean while apprehending lest the Janissaries should join themselves to those who were for raising the siege, he took care to keep 'em within the bounds of their duty, and made 'em great promises, in case they behaved themselves well in the fight. The next morning he took a review of his Army, which consisted still of an Hundred and Ten Thousand fight men, and resolving to call to his assistance the Troops which he had left about Raab, and other places of Hungary, he sent others in their places, in whom he put not such confidence.  
On the side which the Christians had resolved to attack his lines, there stood a Wood, through which they must necessarily pass to come at him. The Christians at the beginning of the Campagn took care to make a commodious passage. But the Grand Visier believed he might annoy 'em, if he possessed himself of it, he thereupon timely sent five or six Battalions, who had felled several Trees, with which they retrenched themselves. On the other hand the Grand Visier, having left 20 Thousand men for the Guard of his Camp and Trench, marched out of his Trenches with his Horse and Foot, whereof he formed three lines, without reckoning the Body he had reserved, and possessing himself of a little hill, which might be advantageous during the fight, he caused his Cannon to be brought thither, charging those who were placed there above all things to abide firm.  
In the mean while the Christian Army, the Commanders of which had implored the divine assistance, by public and private Prayers, marched with great confidence of Victory, having at its head a Prince of so great reputation, and who had already beaten the Turks in several other occasions. But as this Circumstance raised their Courage, so did it abase that of the Turks, who feared more the Poles than any Nation; so that they had rather it had been the Emperor at the head of his Forces, than to have there a King, whose Fortune and Valour they greatly dreaded. But besides that the Emperor would not so greatly expose himself, the King of Poland came not so far to obey another, and the Emperor on his side would pretend to Command him, and therefore t'avoid all disputes he remained at Lintz, ordering Prayers to be said in all the Churches, which were never empty of people, who sought of God with the greatest fervour, to favour the Christian Army.  
The Army being arrived at the Wood, the fight began, and was at first obstinately enough maintained by both Parties. But the Christians who saw that if they behaved not themselves fiercely in this occasion, the Grand Visier might refresh his Troops which would give them far more trouble, leapt over the retrenchments of the Enemy, and having driven them from the Wood, killed as many of 'em as were not quick enough to save themselves. The Wood being wholly cleared, the Avantguard of the Army drew up itself at the head of the Wood, to save the arrearguard, fearing lest marching farther, without being in a condition to fight, the Grand Visier should march up towards them, and make advantage of the ill condition wherein he might find them. But he was unwilling to departed so far from Vienna, fearing lest while he was on the other side, the Christians would let out the Danube over one part of his Army, and attack those he had left for the keeping the lines, who would be too much put to it to resist at the same time these new Enemies, and the Garrison likewise, who would not fail to sally out.  
And therefore he every moment sent out Parties, to see what passed on the side of the Danube, for he was in greater fear of what might be done on that side, than on the other, although he was advertised every moment that the Christians marched against him, & should have 'em upon his skirts within an hour or two at farthest.  
And indeed 'twas necessary these succours should be so near. For although the Turks were not as yet in the Town, yet they were at least under it by means of their mines, which was the reason why Starenberg caused a Lantern to be put on the high Tower of S. Stephen, which was the sign, agreed upon by the Duke of Lorraine and he, when he should find himself in a great strait. His Miners also were so heartless, that he had all the difficulty in the World to make 'em work, besides the Garrison were so dampt by their incessant labours and toils, and which is worse reduced to 5 thousand 5 hundred men, of 16 thousand that they were in the beginning of the Siege. For if they lost six thousand by the hand of the Enemy, sickness had carried away few less, so that dying as they did in heaps, they were not buried one by one, but thrown ten or twelve together in an hole.  
Those that had escaped so great danger, and who in expectation of the same fortune, suffered themselves almost to languish away, being informed that the succours, with which they had been so often vainly flattered were near, and on this side the Wood, where they were seen already to appear, took their Arms with such courage, that a man would have thought 'em other men, than those one might have seen the other moment. They went all on the Rampart, without expecting any other command, than that which their courage inspired, and it much availd Staremberg, that they were inlivened by this new hope, for those whom the Grand Visier left to guard the Camp, and ordered to go up to the assault, as soon as ever they saw him March towards the Enemy, acquitted themselves with so great Resolution and constancy that they never had before done the like. In the mean time the besieged, who considered if they repelled this last effort, they should be delivered from the misery which had so long afflicted them, fought with no less courage; so that never was an hotter dispute on both sides.  
Whilst this happened, the King of Poland was engaged with the Grand Visier, who had marched up to him, with more courage than prudence. For without considering he left the Post, where he had lodged his Cannon, and whence he might greatly molest the Christians, he began the charge, whereas he should have expected the King of Poland to come and charge him. But whether he believed there was any advantage to him that gave the first onset, or would thereby animate his men, of whose courage he doubted, he neglected to use these precautions, of which he presently repent. For his Troops giving back, after the first charge, the Christians, so boldly pursued them, that those that had the care of the Cannon durst not fire, lest it should prove as hurtful to their own men as ours.  
Staremberg being advertized by persons whom he had placed in the highest parts of the Town, that the beginning of the combat was as  to the Christians as could be desired, made at the same time a Sally out of the Garrison, who had already drove the Turks from off the Rampart. And several Citizens being mixed with the Soldiers, to share with 'em in the Honour, they all fiercely attacked the Enemy, who thought already of packing up their baggage, from the advice which they had of the Grand Visier, that all things went ill on his part, and that they ought to think of a retreat. Then every one without regretting what he had left in the Tent, minded only to save himself, when Staremberg at the head of his men charged them so vigorously, that they threw themselves down one upon another for haste, who should first get away. And the lines of circumvallation hindering 'em from passing so soon as they desired, they endeavoured to fill them up with their Muskets, which at that moment served for Pickaxes and Shovels, others with their hands; every one using more diligence to Ruin these lines than they had done to put 'em in the condition they were in. Staremberg seeing the disorder wherein the Turks were, was ravished at so happy an occasion. But his prudence, hindering him from going far from the Town, he contented himself with sending some Horse after the hindermost, and stayed himself in the mean time near the Walls, where he caused the Enemy's works to be demolished, lest things should change its face.  
In the mean time these fugitives increased the fear in the Viziers Army, which was already but two great; for the King of Poland had defeated his left Wing, whose Horse left the foot at the discretion of the Poles, who had fallen upon 'em and put 'em to the Sword; as to the right Wing, it made a little more resistance. But the Grand Visier considering that in the condition wherein the fight was, it was impossible to restablish it, & that moreover the Trench was quitted, with all the works which had cost him so much blood, he resolved to spare that which remained; and to leave rather his Camp, and his Tents which were still standing, than to be the cause of shedding more by a fruitless obstinacy. In this design he caused the Retreat to be sounded, but the foot being not able to follow the Horse, which rather fled than held on an orderly March, several of 'em were cut in pieces, and there were not a 4th part of 'em saved.  
The King of Poland having made a Detachment, to put into the Town, and given thanks to God for his Victory, in the very Field where he gained it, gave strict command, under grievous penalties, that no one should leave his rank to plunder. The Dukes of Bavaria, Saxony, and Lorraine, who had fought likewise with a great deal of courage, did as much on their side, and the keeping of the Turks Camp was consigned to three thousand men, whilst a Council of War was called to know whether the Enemy, should be pursued, or they rest contented with the advantage already obtained. The advices were different, thereupon the King of Poland, and the Duke of Lorraine, with all those that were in the Emperor's interests, were for pursuing their Victory, but the Dukes of Saxony and Bavaria, who came only to succour Vienna, would not any more hazard their Troops. Especially the Duke of Saxony, who complained, that by reason of his Religion, they had been made to suffer enough all ready. In effect the best quarters were not his, and he had heard that they suspected lest his Troops having their Winter quarters in Hungary, should hold intelligence with Teckely. This Prince seeing then, that after he had traversed a great Country, hazarded his reputation, and even his life, and left his Estates, to secure those of another, he was so ill recompensed, resolved upon returning home, where he arrived more laden with glory than spoil; for the confederates seeing he forsook the common cause notwithstanding their opinion, gave him what part they pleased; which again doubled his discontent.  
The Duke of Bavaria had better usage, because perhaps the Emperor apprehended, lest he in the differences he had with France, should take part against him being moreover solicited to it by several advantageous offers, besides his Alliance with it. Howsoever all these Princes being not agreed, they made, as we say, a Golden bridge, for the Enemy to pass over, who retired on the I●le of Newhausel, where they expected 3 days the wracks of their Army. In the mean while the Grand Visier was not without inquietude, how the grand Seignor would receive the news of his defeat, and to cast all the fault on others, he wrote a Letter against those that had the chief command under him. But we have not heard what the Grand Seignor has resolved thereupon, no more than what the King of Poland has done, reports concerning whom are so various, that there's as yet no certianty of 'em. Yet 'tis not to be doubted being so great a Captain as he is, but he will make the best advantage of his Victory, which all Christians ought to desire.  
FINIS.