THE HISTORY OF THE Venetian Conquests, From the Year 1684. to this present Year 1688.  
Translated out of French by J. M.  
Licenced, Octob. 2. 1688.  
LONDON, Printed for John Newton at the three Pigeons over-against the Inner Temple-Gate in Fleetstreet. 1689.   

The Author's PREFACE.  
THE War maintained by the Confederate Princes against the Turks being the Subject of the Hopes as well as inquisitive Discourses of all Europe, I thought I might do good Service to the Public, by communicating to the World these Memoires of the Venetian Conquests, having received them from an Eye-witness of those Exploits. It may be said of the Turks in their present Consternation, that they are half vanquished before they are assaulted. The Christian Armies have by their late Victories, made themselves so formidable, that they strike Terror and Amazement among the Infidels: We have Examples of it in the Morea; where, upon the first approach of the Venetiens, the Turks quitted Patras, the Dardanelles, the Cities of Lepant, Corinth, and Misitra, and whatever was under their Command in that Country. But that which makes most for the Venetians Glory, is, That those Places which the Turks never durst attempt with less than an hundred or an hundred and fifty thousand men, were by them subdued with a far inferior number: So that if we consider the swiftness of their Conquests, we may easily believe that Republic to be in a good Capacity of recovering its ancient Grandeur, and that it will have a great share in the Glory of overthrowing that vast Colossus which has so long been the Terror of all Christendom. The Losses it has suffered since the Establishment of the Turks in Europe, are well known. Salonica the richest City of Macedon, was taken from it by Amurat II. who destroyed that famous Wall that stopped his passage, and secured that signory from his Invasions. In the year 14●0. Mahomet II. seized himself of Negropont, and part of the Morea and Albania, having a second time ruin'd the Corinthian Wall which the Venetians had rebuilt. In the year 1500. Bajazet II. took from them Lepante, Coron, Modon, and Duras. Selimus II. possessed himself of the Kingdom of Cyprus in the year 1570. Canea and Retimo in Candia were taken by Ibrahim, and lastly the Capital City of the Island fell into the hands of Mahomet IU. who was since dethroned. But by the following Relation of what has passed from 1684. to this present year, it will appear, that the Venetians wisely taking advantage of a happy juncture of times, have recovered a great part of what the Turks, during the course of so many years, had taken from them. In a word, here are particularly set forth the most important Circumstances of so great an Action.   


The Order of Precedence.  
Venetian Galley Captain of the Gulf.  
Galley of Malta General.  
His Holiness' Gal. the Patron.  
Gal. of Malta, the Patron.  
His Holiness' Gall.  
His Holiness' Gall.  
His Holiness' Gall.  
His Holiness' Gall.  
Gall. of Malta.  
Gall. of Malta.  
Gall. of Malta.  
Gall. of Malta.  
Gall. of Malta.   

The Proveditor of the Fleet his Squadron.  
His own Galley.  
Gall. Zaune Pizamano.  
Gall. Marco Barbarigo.  
Gall. Alessandro Beregan.  
Ven. Gall. Andrea Pasqualigo.  
Ven. Gall. Anzolo Corner.   

The Captain of the Gulf his Squadron.  
His own Galley.  
Ven. Gall. Isepo Bolani.  
Ven. Gall. Camillo Trevisan.  
Ven. Gall. Francisco Pona.  
Ven. Gall. Teodoro Corner.  
Ven. Gall. Gerolamo Priuli.  
Ven. Gall. Daniel Venier.   

The Governor of the Galley-slaves his Squadron.  
His own Galley.  
Ven. Gall. Zuane Contarini.  
Ven. Gall. Zuane Quirini.  
Ven. Gall. Francisco Moro.  
Ven. Gall. Gasporo Bragadin.  
Ven. Gall. Anzolo Michiel.  
Ven. Gall. Michiel Magno.   
 Galley of Tuscany.  Galley of Tuscany. The Vanguard. Galley of Tuscany.  Galley of Tuscany.   galleass Capt. Ordinary.  galleass Morosini.  galleass of Bassadona.  galleass Bono.  galleass Pizani.  galleass Cap. Extraordinary.  The Vanguard was to make discovery till all the Army were come up. The same Vanguard upon occasion of Battle, was to place itself amongst the Galleasses, yet without falling in the Stern of them, or hindering the use of the Side-Guns. The Left Wing. Ven. Gall. Governor of the Galley-slaves. Ven. Gall. Zuane Quirini. Ven. Gal. Francisco Moro. Venus Gall. Gasporo Bragadin. Ven. Gall. Anzolo Michiel. Ven. Gall. Michiel Magno. Ven. Gall. Zuane Contarini. Ven. Gall. Daniel Venier. Ven. Gall. Isepo Polani. Ven. Gall. Marco Barbarigo. Ven. Gall. Anzolo Corner. Ven. Gall. Andrea Pasqualigo. Ven. Gall. Otavian Vekier. Ven. Gall. Alessandro Beregan. Ven. Gall. Zuane Pizamano. Ven. Gall. Proveditor of the Fleet. Ven. Gall. of the Captain of the Gulf. Gall. of Malta the General. His Holiness' Gall. the Patron. Gall. of Malta, the Patron. His Holiness' Gall. His Holiness' Gall. His Holiness' Gall. His Holiness' Gall. Galley of Malta. Galley of Malta. Galley of Malta. Galley of Malta. Galley of Malta. Gall. Tadero Corner. Gall. Francisco Ponà. Gall. Camillo Trevisan. Gall. Captain of the Gulf. The Right Wing.  Galley Vincenzo Priuli.   The Rearguard    

THE HISTORY OF THE Venetian Conquest, etc.  

The First Book.  
THE Doge of Venice being deceased the 26th. of April, 1684. and his place supplied by Signior Marco Antonio Giustiniani, the Council sent Orders to Sr. Capello, their Secretary at the Ottoman Port, to declare War against the Turks, immediately upon the Conclusion of their Alliance with the Emperor and Poland, and to make his Escape the best he could; which he accordingly did: for he had no sooner declared, but he retired from Constantinople in the habit of a Seaman, and embarked himself, together with some principal Venetians, in a Frenchman of War called the Faithful, commanded by Monsieur Bidaut, who came as a Convoy to some other Ships. But the day following two of his Household, with six other Servants had the misfortune to be taken; the Merchants in the mean time taking refuge at the French Embassador's, where the Caïmacam of Constantinople would have made search after Sieur Capello, but the Ambassador told him, if he attempted any search there without express Orders from the Grand Signior, he should have cause to repent it; at which he was so surprised, that instead of proceeding in that Enterprise, he made many Excuses full of submission.  
The Council also chose many Commanders in chief, and first Signior Morosini for Captain General, Dominico Mocenigo Proveditor General of Dalmatia, the Prince of Parma General of the Infantry; Signior Alessandro Molino, and Signior Antonio Bembo Captains extraordinary of the Ships the Sieurs Pauli Michieli, Matthew Pisani, and John Morosini Commanders extraordinary of the Galleasses, etc. General Strazoldo quitted the Imperial Service for that of the Republic.  
The Morlaques also for the greater part sided with the Venetians, and gave the Turks continual Alarms during the Summer, and frequently carried off considerable Booties. The Morlaques will so often be mentioned in this History, that I think myself obliged to give my Reader a more particular account of them, which here follows in the words of Monsieur Amelot de la Houssaye. They voluntarily put themselves under the Protection of the Republic in the year 1647. being induced to it by the Persuasions of a Priest named Stephen Sorich, a man who knew as well to manage a Sword, as to carry the Crucifix. They harassed the Turks by continual Incursions, carrying away what they could, and wasting what they could not carry away; and then retiring into the Mountains, where it was more difficult to find than overcome them, so well they knew the Bye-ways and narrow Passages of them. Besides their deep resentment of the Massacre made upon some of theirs, in the Year 1647. at Knin, a Place of the Bossina, by Tekieli Governour of that Province, and the barbarous Cruelty used towards Sorich, who was tortured to death in the Year 1648. the Interest of a Sequin, granted them by the Senate for every Head of a Turk, has so far engaged them against those Infidels, that they have lost all hopes of ever making Peace with the Port. By these means is this brave Militia tied to the Service of the Republic, being otherwise esteemed a sort of men as unconstant in their humour, as their abode. They have no certain places of retreat, but build themselves Cottages in the open Plains, shunning the Licentiousness and Concourse of Cities, which corrupt Military Discipline. In the Year 1648. Clissa being surrendered to the Venetians, the Morlaques, who know not what belongs to Capitulation, or military Faith, could not abstain from assaulting the Ottomon Garrison as they marched out, putting two hundred of them to the Sword; nor had one escaped, had not the Venetian Officers come in to hinder the Slaughter. It will appear by what follows, that the Conquests made in Dalmatia are for the most part to be attributed to the Morlaques, who were always employed in the most difficult Enterprises.  
After most of the Commanders were gone with their Squadrons to the Levant, Generalissimo Morosini put to Sea from the Coasts of Italy on the 10th. of June, with five Galleasses, two Galleys, and sixteen other Ships, and set sail for Corfu.  
The Campaigne was begun with the taking of the Isle and Fortress of Santa Maura: This Isle was formerly joined to the Continent of Greece, and reckoned among the Western Islands, as those of the Archipelago among the Eastern: In effect, the whole breadth of Greece taken from East to West, divides the Archipelago from Santa Maura; it was known to the Ancients by the name of Leucas, and was part of the Kingdom of Ulysses, and is very near Ithaca, where that Prince and his Wife Penelope did reside. One of the Rocks of this Island served formerly as the last Refuge for the unfortunate Lovers of Greece, who by leaping from the top of it, found a sad, but sure Remedy of their tormenting Passion. 'Tis said that Sappho the famous Poetess, upon the news of her Lover's Falsehood, gave the first Example of that kind. Others attribute to Shafalus, the first Essay of so uncommon a Cure for Love. But to return to Santa Maura, 'tis certain it has always been esteemed a place of great importance; it is adjoining to Epirus, and is near the Morea, at the entrance of the Gulf of Lepante, where was fought that famous Battle in 1571. which won so much Glory to the Christian Army, and Don John of Austria who commanded it.  
The City of Santa Maura was reduced under the obedience of the Venetians by Benedetto Pesaro in the year 1502. This General, with a succour of some Vessels from the Pope, King Lewis the XII. of France, and the Rhodians, landed part of his Army, and having, after an obstinate Fight in which many Turks were slain, made himself Master of the Bridge, forced the City to submit; but matters being soon after brought to an accommodation between Bajazet II. and the Republic, by the mediation of Bassa Achmet, it was agreed, that the Isle of Santa Maura should be restored to the Turks, which the Venetians the more willingly consented to, on the account that that of Cephalone should remain to them. The League which they made with the Emperor and King of Poland against the common Enemy of Christendom, in the Year 1684. having obliged them to declare War, they resolved to attack Santa Maura after their General Morosini had held a Council of War at Corsu the 15th. of July with the chief Commanders of the Squadrons, and principal Officers of the auxiliary Forces. But before we entertain the Reader with any further account of this Expedition, it will not be amiss to show him the state and condition of the Ships of War belonging to the several Potentates who had joined their Interest with the Venetians, their number; and the order of Battle agreed on in case they had been forced to engage the Grand Signior's Sea-forces, which is here laid down as it was prepared at Corfu, and confirmed at Venice.  
The attack of Santa Maura being resolved on in the Council held at Corfu, where were present Proveditor General Cornaro, the chief Commanders of the several Squadrons sent by the Pope, the great Duke of Tuscany, and the Order of Malta, General Strazoldo, and other Officers: Signior Morosini mustered all his Forces designed to be landed. Two Battalions, each consisting of six thousand men, one being of the Pope's Forces, the other of Malta, mustered together with eight thousand out of other Companies. The first Line of this latter Battalion appeared with such splendour as was surprising, being composed of a hundred Knights clad in their Coat-armours of red Satin with the white Cross of their Order. The Army set sail the 19th. of July, and the day following arrived at little more than Canonshot distance from Santa Maura, and there cast Anchor. This City extends itself Eastward upon an Isthmus, or neck of Land, and is joined to the Continent Northward, by an Aqueduct of three hundred and sixty Arches in manner of a Bridge, not above three or four Foot in breadth: A wooden Bridge of three Partitions affords a Passage to the Continent both on the East and West side. It is a Peninsula of a considerable length; the head of it bears the name of St. John's Point. The Fortress in an irregular Pentagon, each corner is flanked with great Towers, and there are several small ones along the Curtain.  
The Fleet being entered the Port of Demata, which is Eastward of the place, and is capable of receiving a great number of Vessels, they landed some men. Signior Morosini also went on shore, and visited all the Posts which they had taken view of, and a lodgement made by Captain Manetta, in a place called Chiebe, of which he had made himself Master, being a House of Pleasure belonging to the Aga's Son: in the mean time he would not fire upon them till he had sent to summon the Governor of the place; he set forth to him by writing the just causes the Republic had to raise a powerful Army, the Turks having violated the peace, by harbouring the Corsairs of Barbary, and using hostilities against the Subjects of that State. The Governor making no other answer, but that God would punish the Republic for taking that pretence of making War with the Grand Signior: The Admiral Flag was set up, and the Galleys and Galleasses began to batter the Fortress with their Cannon, and with above twelve hundred Bullets that were shot did much damage to the Houses and Fortifications, and entirely ruined a Mosque. There was continual fi●ing from the Turks. Artillery, yet did it not hinder the Pope's Forces, and those of Malta and Tuscany from advancing to the place, and lodging themselves in the Suburbs, which they did without much interruption, the Enemy not daring to sally: Their chief endeavour was to hinder the Besiegers from raising their Batteries, but in vain; for they being soon put in a readiness, played upon the Town with so good success, under the directions of Signior Lorenzo Venier, that they very much shattered the Walls, and the Bombs that were thrown in great numbers caused much disorder in the place.  
The first day of August the Batteries razed the Bulwark to the ground, and widened the Breach, which before was considerable; they dismounted four pieces of the Enemy's Cannon, and the Bombs set fire to several parts of the Town. The Works being advanced by the help of continual firing from the Cannon and Mortar-pieces, the Besiegers began to fill up the Ditch with Faggots and Sacks of Earth. At last, on Sunday the 6th. of August, the Turks hung out the white Flag to give notice they would capitulate; and about one in the Night, they sent three Deputies to Signior Morosini to let him know they were ready to surrender the place upon honourable Conditions; they demanded leave to march out with all their Goods, but no more was allowed them than their Families, and what they could carry away on their Backs. The Hostages were sent the day following, and all the Slaves set at liberty on condition to serve on the Ships or Galleys of the Republic, in the quality of Seamen and Soldiers. The Garrison being seven hundred men, marched out towards the Evening with Sword and Musket; they were shipped and carried on the further Shore of an Arm of the Sea. At the same time the Venetians entered the Town at the Breach. The Booty given to the Soldiers was considerable; there was found great store of Provision in the place, and Eighty pieces of Cannon. The Venetians lost but 200 men in the siege. Monsieur Jovy a Frenchman, Serjeant-Major of the Army, and Colonel of a Germane Regiment, received a wound on his Thigh, and was shot through the Arm with a Musquet-bullet. Signior Morosini immediately caused the principal Mosque to be blessed, and Te Deum sung in it; it was dedicated under the name St. Saviour, it being on the 6th. of August, the Feast-day of the Transfiguration of our Lord, that the Turks hung out the white Flag. Another Mosque was likewise blessed and dedicated to St. Cajetan, upon whose Feast-day the Christian Forces entered the place; the Government of it was conferred upon Signior Lorenzo Venier, a noble Venetian, and related to the Venetian Ambassador then in the Court of France: All of that name were eminent for their Services to the Republic. Sebastian Venier was Commander in chief of the Venetian Army, when Selimus was entirely defeated at the Battle of Lepante.  
General Morosini after having repaired the Fortifications of Santa Maura, caused the Mortars and Bombs to be brought thither, and all Provisions and Ammunition that the place might stand in need of, in case of a Siege, and chose out two thousand men, being all that were fit to march, many having been made useless by Diseases and Fatigue, and some left for a Garrison in Santa Maura. Colonel Angelo della Decima was sent to the neighbouring Country to draw together all the Grecians he could to strengthen his Army. Signior Morosini having set sail, made for the Port of Petala, there to wait for advice from the Colonel who was advanced about twenty six Miles from Santa Maura, from thence to the Port of Dragomette, where he cast Anchor and landed his Army, which consisted of two thousand Venetians, about one thousand of the Pope's Auxiliaries, and fifteen or sixteen hundred Greeks. This Army advanced on the Plains; and some Turkish Squadrons that were posted in several places, and charged with the defence of the Passages, retired without making much resistance. Saban Bacha, Governor of Preveza, had sent out these Squadrons to observe the motions of the Christian Army, and finding from their observations, no reason to believe they had any design on the place, he marched out to put himself at the head of them, with a design to draw the Christians to fight and surprise them; but they having set fire to four or five Villages, returned to Port Petala to reimbarque themselves after having wasted the Country during the space of five days. At the same time Signior Morosini with his Galleys got within view of Patras and Lepante, his design being to draw the Turks from that side, who, while the Venetians were dispersed on the flat Country, had reason to hope it would be easy to charge them. Next he came to the Port of Demata, where he called a Council of War, in which the Attack of Preveza was resolved on. The Conquest of that place was the only means to secure Santa Maura so lately taken by the Republic, which otherwise lay much exposed to the Infidels, and might easily be besieged.  
The Fortress of Santa Maura is about ●welve Leagues from the Gulf of Ambracia, by the Moderns called the Gulf of Larta or Preveza. Larta or Ambracia is a City of Epirus, which had formerly a Bishop; it is situated on the utmost Borders ●f the Gulf, which is twenty five Leagues ●n compass, and can contain a great number of Ships. It was the Royal Seat of Pyrrhus, as Plutarch says. Alexander the Great confirmed to the Ambracians the liberty they had got by driving a Macedonian Garrison out of their City. The Gulf of Ambracia is famous for the Vi●tory obtained over Anthony by Augustus ●ear the Actium Promontory, in memory of which he caused a City to be built in ●hat place, and called it Nicopolis. There are four Cities mentioned in History that ●ore this name. The first in Masia, built by the command of Trajan the Emperor after he had vanquished Decebalus, King of the Dacians; it is called by some Negeboli, by the Turks, Sciltaro. The second is in Bulgaria towards Walachia, where the Christians were defeated by the Turks in the Year 1396. in the time of Sigismond, King of Hungary. The third is a City in Armenia, by Castaldu● named Gianich, by others Chiorme; here the Arians caused great Troubles in the Year 370, by substituting Phoranus, one of their Party, into the place of the deceased Bishop Theodore; but they were constrained by the Inhabitants to allow them an Orthodox Bishop. The fourth is an Episcopal City in Judea, and the same with Emmaus. The name of Nicopolis is Greek, and signifies the City of Victory.  
The Fortress of Preveza, which now stands in the place of the ancient Nicopolis of Epirus, though it be less than Santa Maura, its situation, nevertheless, is as commodious, for it commands the entrance into the Gulf, and the Commerce of Larta, which is considerable. The resolution of attacking it being fixed, Signior Morosini sent out five Galleys, and six Galleasses, with orders to approach the Castles that were called by the name of the Gomenizzes, which being within view of Preveza, the design was to oblige the Infidels to divide their Forces, and send back the Soldiers they had drawn out of those Castles to strengthen their body that lay under the Cannon of that place; which Saban Bacha accordingly did: for being persuaded the Venetians would attack the Castles, he sent back the greatest part of those Forces that lay about Preveza, who were received by the Turks with great demonstrations of Joy, and a Salvo of all their Cannon. The Army in the mean time having left Demata, came to Anchor on the 20th. of September about Nine in the Evening, at the entrance of the Gulf. The day following Captain Manetta having likewise entered the Gulf with twenty four Barks, and some armed Brigantines, landed there with part of his Forces, the Turks endeavouring to hinder it by the discharge of Eighteen Pieces of Cannon, and about two hundred Musquet-shot, which did no execution. About break of day the Galleys which had lain at Anchor over-against an ascent of land called the Hill of Mehemet Effendi, appeared within Musquet-shot of the place. These Galleys by giving diversion to the Enemy, facilitated the landing of part of the Forces which marched on by land, and crossed over a Branch of the Sea, about half a Mile broad, in Galeots. In the mean time the continual firing from the Galleys, hindered the Turks from coming near the shore. And this it was that deceived them: They were persuaded the Venetians designed to land their Force on that side, which caused them to give continual fire that way from their Cannon and Muskets, but without much annoying the Christians. And the Forces on th● other side landed without any opposition and began to approach the place under the Conduct of General Strazoldo. Th● Turks commanded to hinder their landing, began to find their mistake, and 〈◊〉 order to mend it, sent a Detachment of five hundred spahis, wi●● command to ride full speed, and char●● the Christians before all were landed▪ But they found them already drawn 〈◊〉 in Battalia, and several of the Infidels we killed and wounded by their shot; 〈◊〉 rest being seized with fear, retreated such disorder, that it was impossible 〈◊〉 many of them to get into the pla●● The Christians having advanced without difficulty, made themselves Masters of t●● out-Town, and posted themselves on the Hill of Mehemet Effendi, which commands the City. The same day Signior Morosini caused the Galleys and Galeots to approach yet nearer Preveza, and sent to summon the place, threatening the Turks, that he would give no quarter, if they deferred the surrender of it till they were reduced to extremity. The Officer who commanded there in the absence of Saban Aga, (who was gone to put himself at the head of four thousand men, to observe the motions of the Christian Army, as is already said) refused to read the General's Letter, and caused the Bearer of it to be shot, not doubting but the Governor would return in few days with Forces to raise the Siege. This haughtiness obliged Signior Morosi●i to put on shore his Cannon and Mor●ars to be mounted on Battery the day ●ollowing. He viewed the Posts, and ordered the Attacks; and on the 23d. ●any Houses were ruined by the Bombs which had fired several parts of the Town, ●nd dismounted some of the Enemy's Cannon. Their Artillery was so ill managed, that it did little or no Execution. The Besiegers fired upon their Batteries, with so good success, that there remained that Evening but one piece of Cannon on the place, fit for service. There was amongst the Christians but one Soldier killed and five wounded. The General, after having viewed the Works and Batteries, on the 24th. gave orders for descending the Ditch, where a Lodgement was made, and the next Night a Min● was fixed to the great Tower of the plac● on the side next the Land. The breach being found considerable, the Works wer● continued from the 26th. with success and on the 28th. they made a Lodgement in the Ditch, and on the same day gav● order for the Assault, the Mine being ready to be sprung: The Turks would not wait the effect, but on the 29th. hung out the white Flag in token they would capitulate. They demanded th● same Conditions were granted to San●● Maura; but Signior Morosini declared that all he could allow them, was, Th● thirty of the most considerable might march out with their Arms and Baggage the rest with what they could carry abo●● them, but without any Arms; and th● all the Christian Slaves should be set at liberty. The Turks having accepted these Conditions, marched out the day following at the Gate towards the Sea, to the number of two hundred men: They had a Convoy of Grecian Barks, till they came within four Miles of Larta. Signior Morosini at the same time gave orders to seize the Gates, and place a Guard on them, and in other parts of the City, to preserve the Magazine, and prevent Pillage. This charge was given to thirty Venetians, twenty Malteses, ten of the Pope's Soldiers, and ten of the Florentines. The Standard of St. Mark was planted, and all the Turkish Banners taken down and carried to the Admiral-Galley. About two hundred of the Inhabitants remained in the place: There were found forty six pieces of Cannon, of which eighteen were of Brass, and carried fifty pound Ball: All manner of Provisions were there in abundance, with great store of Muskets and Bullet, and six hundred Quintals of Powder. The Turks made every year a thousand Crowns of the fishing Trade there, but the Conquest of Preveza has put the Republic in possession of the Gulf, and all the places of that Coast. Monsieur Bachili, who commanded a Party of Malta, was killed by a Musquet-shot at the Works, when they were making the Lodgement in the Ditch.  
This done, the Auxiliary Galleys returned home; those of Malta arrived thither on the 2d. of December. It appeared they had lost but two men of Quality, and six private Soldiers at the taking of Santa Maura, but by reason of i●● Weather, and the Fatigue of making Incursions thirty Leagues into the Enemy's Country, they had contracted such Diseases, that within a Month five men o● note, and two hundred of the common Rank were missing; of the first amongst the dead and sick were reckoned these that follow; Chevalier de Chasteüil, de Poix, de Sailant, Merargues, Bargerie, Gaillard, Audifredi, Grecourt, Cluy, Quinsard, Moricane, Courtebonne, Escots', Argenteüil, l● Coupiere, Cinogli, Ruffo, Petroni, Magailoni, Don Girard Curtol, and Don Lewis d● Gongora: many others were sick, bu● Chevalier de la Bar recovered of hi● Wound: The Venetians took their Winter Quarters in the Isles belonging to the 〈…〉 Signior Molino Captain 〈…〉 of the Ships, after having 〈…〉 ●hose Isles he had reduced to 〈…〉 of the Venetians, and giv● 〈◊〉 ●●essary orders for their security, 〈…〉 back his Squadron to Corfu to winter there: General Morosini remained at Preveza with design, during the Winter, to make that place impregnable, and keep the Grecians in their Duty, and oblige them to embrace the interests of the Republic. Although the Advantages the Venetians obtained in Dalmatia, were not very extraordinary, yet will it be requisite to give some account of them, what they did there, being but a Prelude to their great designs upon the Infidels.  
The War began to kindle in Dalmatia by the frequent Incursions of both Parties; in one made by the Infidels to the very Cannon of Clissa, they carried away seven Prisoners, having ransacked some Villages, but the Morlaques hearing of it, put themselves immediately on the pursuit; and having overtaken them, obliged them not only to quit their Booty and Prisoners, but to seek their own safety by flight; fifty of them were taken, and several killed or wounded.  
In the mean time Signior Antonio Zenocia, Proveditor extraordinary of Cattaro, came to Perasto, his design being to forage round about Castelnovo, and hinder the Garrison from gathering in their Harvest, and having for this purpose drawn together a thousand fight men, he began his march towards the place the 22d. of July, and executed his design with so god success, that he not only set fire to all the Villages on the East side of it, but even to the Suburbs and lower Town of Castelnovo, consisting of above three hundred Houses: He found there great store of Wheat and other Corn which he seized. The Fire lasted from Morning till Noon, though the Turks made several Sallies to quench it, and beat off the Venetians, who still repulsed them with such vigour, as forced them back into the place. There were twenty Turks killed on the spot, and fifty wounded in these Sallies in which they charged seven times. The disorder which is unavoidable on such occasions, was the cause that fifty Turks were involved in the Flames, and seven others fell into the hands of the Morlaques, who took them away Prisoners, with good store of , part of which was taken in the Suburbs, the Garrison not having time, in so great a Surprise, to secure them. To complete the happiness to this day, the Proveditor General commanded one Galley and four other light Vessels to pursue three Fuists of Castelnovo, which by the report of the Prisoners, were set to Sea as Pirates: that Evening they met a Galeot of Dulcigno, commanded by Solyman Aga, the famous Corsair of that place, who having kend the Venetian Vessels, endeavoured to gain the shore, which he could not do with that speed, but two and twenty men were killed, and himself in the number. There were found in the Galeot two and twenty Christians whom this Corsair was carrying into Slavery.  
Sieur Valier, General of Dalmatia, made himself Master of the Castles of Sym and Narenta about the end of this year. He gave many Largesses to those who had shared in the danger of this Enterprise; he gave new Clothes to his Soldiers, and particularly rewarded the Banditi of the Kingdom of Naples, who exposed themselves most in this action: He gave leave also to the Soldiers to carry away the Cattle that were in the neighbouring Meadows, being persuaded that by this means he should encourage them to their Duty, and gain success in his greater Designs.   

THE HISTORY OF THE Venetian Conquests, etc. The Second Book.  
WHILE the Morlaques, addicted to the Service of the Republic, made frequent Incursions into the Enemy's Territories in Dalmatia, the Mainottes animated each other to shake off the Ottoman Yoke in the Morea, and preserve their ancient Liberty, of which shall speak in the following Book. These Greeks took courage from the fame of the Venetian Conquests, they drew together in a body, and began to exercise their Hostilities with doubtful successes. The Turks sent some Forces from Braccio di Maina to bring them to their Duty, who soon overtook, attacked and routed them, and continued the pursuit of them, being seconded by other Forces led on by a certain Bacha: But the Greeks backed by unexpected Succours, and the presence of Signior Delfino, rallied and charged with so much vigour, that of 3500. Infidels, there escaped but 140. and of 130. men out of a Company of Athenians, all but two suffered the same fate.  
The deep resentment the Greeks had of the Massacre of Abbot Giona, whom the Infidels took in a Monastery situate near the Gulf of Preveza, and afterwards publicly impaled, fomented their Revolt, and engaged them so far, that they breathed nothing but Revenge, and declared themselves open Enemies of the Port.  
About this time the Heydukes, and the Inhabitants of Montenegro came to blows with the Turks, and several were killed and wounded on both sides; after that the Morlaques made an Incursion, and advanced towards Sing, and carried off store of , and some Prisoners, amongst whom one called Papursinovich Aga, offered upon the Field Five thousand Crowns, and seven Horses of great value for his Ransom. The Turks after this Rencounter retired to Clin. The Bacha that commanded them, sent the noble Venetian, Gabriel Lombardo, who was there made Prisoner, to the Port, as a Mark of the advantage he pretended to have had over the Venetians.  
In the mean time General Paulo Michiel having drawn up a thousand Horse and some Foot, put himself at the head of three thousand Morlaques that were joined in a Body under their Leader: These Forces made Incursions into the Country to curb the Turks. In effect, the Bacha of Bossine, who was marched towards Hungary, was obliged to turn back towards Clin with seven thousand men under his command. Signior Michiel encamped his men in such order upon the Frontiers of Dalmatia, that he was still in a posture of defence; which Precaution gave the People of those parts a favourable opportunity of gathering in their Harvest with safety, and encouraged the Morlaques to make Incursions in Parties, and ransack the Turkish Territories. In the mean time the Fuists of Dulcigno took Sixty Fishermen near Curzole; and four Galleys of Malta sailing towards the Naval Army commanded by Generalissimo Morosini, met on their way a man of War of Tripoli, which after an obstinate Fight they took, and made three hundred Turks Prisoners, and released many Christians from Slavery.  
Though the Venetians and Morlaques thwarted all the attempts of the Infidels in Dalmatia, yet they drew up in the beginning of June to the number of eight thousand men, and laid siege to the Fortress of Duare. The Courage and Resolution of the besieged gave opportunity to General Valier, and Sieur Michiel, General of the Cavalry of this Province to come to their relief. These two Generals made it their endeavour, each on their side to break through the lines of the Besiegers, and took their measures so exactly for drawing together the Venetian Forces under their Command, that marching with great expedition towards the Infidels, they attacked them in three several places, and soon put them into disorder. In less than an hour's time the Turks found themselves obliged to raise the Siege with the loss of two hundred and fifty men that were cut in pieces, and seventy made Prisoners, of which number were forty Officers and one Lieutenant General Aga. The Booty that day was very considerable, they took one great piece of Cannon and two small ones, three Mortar-pieces, one Petard, fourteen Colours, and a Convoy of Provision newly brought to their Camp, together with the greatest part of their Baggage. In this action there were but six Christian Soldiers killed, and thirty wounded: The Enemy in his flight was pursued by the Morlaques, and notwithstanding the Bassa of Bossina, who was but four Leagues distant, had upon the first noise of the Fight, marched to their relief with four thousand Horse, they were defeated before he could come up, and the Venetians encouraged with success, charged him so vigorously, that they forced him to fly as the others had done. The Booty and Prisoners were given to the Soldiers for a reward of their Service. Nine hundred persons towards Lica, to free themselves from their Subjection under Mahmut Aga Haradanovich, submitted themselves to the Republic; and General Michiel assigned them Quarters for their safe retreat. Yet the Bassa of Bossina would have made an attempt to repair his misfortune, had he not been informed that Chevalier Janco covered the Fortress before mentioned with four thousand Morlaques: He also soon after advanced into the Country of the Turks with three thousand and five hundred Morlaques, and meeting five hundred Infidels, put them to flight, having killed one hundred and fifty, besides those that were drowned in the River Narenta, thinking to save themselves at Gabella. In this action he made an hundred Prisoners, took a great Booty, and sent some Colours to Venice, as a Mark of his Victory.  
The Naval Army under the Conduct of Generalissimo Morosini, came near the Coast of the Morea, where they began the Campaigne with the Siege of Coron, the particulars of which are to be seen in the following Relation, which as it is very exact, so is it full of Actions and Circumstances not generally known, tho' for the rarity of them, nothing can better deserve to be committed to Posterity than these gallant Performances of the Knights of Malta, who so bravely signalised themselves, and shed their Blood in defence of the Christian Faith against the greatest Enemies of it. This Relation was given from Malta; therefore when you meet with such words as Ours, our Lines, or the like, remember it is a Maltese that speaks.  
The Squadron of Malta consisting of eight Galleys, and commanded by Signior Brancaccio, joined itself in the beginning of June, with the Pope's Squadron of five Galleys, which bearing no Flag, put itself under the command of the General of Malta. About the middle of June they arrived together at Port Dragomet, where the Venetian Fleet was, to which some days before, were joined four of the Great Duke's Galleys; and after they had so regulated matters, that according to custom the Captain General of Malta was placed on the right hand of the Real of Venice; and the first Post agreed in the Councils of War, to General Brancaccio. On the 20th. the whole Army set sail to the number of seventeen Ships, five Gale●●●●, two and twenty Venetian Galleys, five of the Pope's, eight of Malta, and four of the Great Duke's, fifteen Galeots, and fifteen or twenty Barks or Brigantines. The intelligence which Captain General Morosini had held for some Months with the Mainotts to encourage them to shake off the Turkish Yoke, made him believe, that he might by their means make good Progress in the Morea; but having heard as he came near their Coasts, that they had met with ill success in the Attempt they had made to procure their liberty, and that they had been forced to give Hostages to the Turks for assurance of their Fidelity, he found himself obliged to take other measures before he could attempt any considerable Enterprise. His first design was to attack Modon, the capital City of the Morea; but having viewed the situation the 23d. of June, there appeared so many difficulties as to the landing his men and Cannon, as made him alter his design, and resolve on the Siege of Coron. This place called by the Ancients Corona, is by Land about twelve Miles distant from Modon, and situate beyond the Cape Gallo towards the Country of the Mainotts. It is a Town of good Trade by reason of its situation; it has a Haven fit to receive a considerable number of Vessels; it has the Sea on one side, and on the side towards the Land, it has a Wall fortified with six Towers of an Antic Fashion. The Greeks and Jews inhabit the lower Town, and the Turks dwell in the Castle, which makes the upper Town. The Venetians were Masters of it in the fifteenth Age: Bajazet the Turkish Emperor took it from them, as also the Town of Modon, in 1499. Prince Doria of Genoa, who commanded the Spanish Fleet, retook it from the Turks in 1533▪ and lest in it as Governor Mendoz●, with some Spaniards, who quitted it to the Turks some few years after; they knowing the importance of the place, seized themselves of it, and it has ever since been in their hands.  
The 25th, in the Morning the Forces were landed almost within Canonshot of the City without any opposition from the Turks; they consisted of three thousand Venetians, a thousand Sclavonians, two thousand and four hundred of those that were sent by the Prince of Brunswick Duke of Hanover, with the young Prince his Son, according to the Agreement made with the Republic; the Battalion of Malta consisting of eight or nine hundred Soldiers and twenty six Knights, one Battalion of the Pope's of four hundred men, and another of the Great Duke's, of three hundred, which made up in all about eight thousand Foot without the Cavalry. This Army was commanded by the Count St. Paul, a General of great ability and experience, who had long time served the King of Denmark, and Duke of Neubourg. The first Post in order of Battle, was taken by the Battalion of Malta, the Commander of which, Monsieur de la Tour Maubourg, had the general Command, with as universal an Approbation, as he had on the like occasion at the Siege of Candia: He had also under his Command the Battalion of the Pope's Galleys. All this nevertheless passed as well in the Camp as the Fleet, under the Orders and Direction of Captain General Morosini, and Signior Brancaccio General of the Galleys of Malta, which lay at Anchor near the Coast.  
The approached the City under the shelter of Olive-trees, and nothing passed but some light Skirmishes: On the 26th. they opened the Trenches, the Battalion of Malta, those of Brunswick, and the Pope's on the right hand towards the Sea, the Venetians and the Sclavonians on the left towards a Suburb or out-Town, of which they made themselves Masters without opposition. The same day we lost Chevalier San Vitali of Parma, who was killed in the Trenches by a Musquet-shot. The Works went forward without much interruption, and they raised two Batteries each of three great pieces of Cannon, with four Mortars for Bombs, to which they added afterwards two pieces of Cannon. The Enemy made but light Sallies in which they were vigorously repulsed; their firing was moderate, and gave us cause to believe, that they were not in a posture to hold out long. But it appeared by the consequence, that their Intention was to nourish in the minds of their men, the hopes of a speedy assistance from the Bassa of the Morea, who had drawn together a flying Army of three or four thousand men, both Horse and Foot, which obliged ours to labour hard at their Works, for their shelter and defence, and to fortify a certain eminence of Ground which on one side commanded our Lines, and on the other, laid open the Country about. Here we raised a Battery of four pieces of Cannon, and one Mortar-piece.  
The Bassa of the Morea appeared in effect, on the 3d. of July, and encamped within Canonshot of the Christian Army; where having retrenched himself, he mounted on a Battery four pieces of Cannon, which playing  with the Artillery of the place, did much incommode our Works. This Bassa gave us an Alarm every day by some warm Skirmishes, in which, nevertheless, the Turks were always repulsed with loss. The besieged on their part redoubled their fire, and answered haughtily to the Summons we sent them, threatening them to set fire to the Mines at which ours did work continually, but with less success than might have been wished, being forced to bring them through a Rock, which sort of Works took up no less than three Weeks time.  
The Fortifications of the place were much ruined by our Batteries, and the Bombs had made great Destruction; but besides that, it had an advantageous situation, having but one Front to guard, which was flanked with great Towers built on the Rock; it was further defended with eighty piece of Cannon, and store of Ammunition, and Provisions of all sort, and seven or eight hundred men in Garrison, besides others fit to bear Arms in so great a number as four or five thousand Souls; so that we could have no entrance into the Town, but by means of the Ovens of our Mines, and vigorous Assaults, during which we were sure to be attacked by the flying Army of the Turks.  
This posture of Affairs caused us some trouble, but at last the Mines being ready to be sprung, on the 24th. of July it was resolved to make an Attempt, and all preparations were made for it. Chevalier Segres was to begin the Assault at the head of Sixty Granadiers backed by a Detachment of Fuseliers and Sclavonians. Chevalier de la Bar, Lieutenant General of the Battalion of Malta, followed Chevalier de Refuge, the first Captain, at the head of a Party of our Forces, and some of the Pope's and Venetians; he was backed by the Prince of Brunswick with an hundred and thirty of his men, and Monsieur de la Tour Maubourg followed with a Body of the Knights, in the midst of whom was the Standard of the Order; he had also with him some of our Companies, and some of the Pope's; but when every one had taken his Post, it happened that the Mine was not strong enough to blow up the Rock, so that it had not the Effect that was requisite to make way for the Assault intended.  
At the same time that fire was set to the Mine, the Bassa of the Morea attacked the Redout and Battery we had raised on the Eminence that secured our Lines, with so much vigour, that the Venetians and Sclavonians who had the defence of it, though always accustomed to behave themselves bravely, could not resist him, so that the Turks soon made themselves Masters of the Redout, and had already planted on it more than twenty of their Standards, when the News of this Confusion was brought to Monsieur de la Tour.  
It appears by the Posture of the Forces commanded to the Assault, that he with his Knights was nearest to this Post of so great importance for the safety of the whole Army: He saw the Loss was not to be retrieved but by some extraordinary Action, and therefore he undertook it without delay. He called upon his men to follow him, and having kissed the Cross of our Standard, with that sense of Devotion which gave life to all his Actions, he advanced with eager haste towards the Enemy, was the first man that leaped into the Redout, and there with his own hand slew two Turks that opposed him, a t●ird coming behind his Back, at the first blow with his Cutlace struck off a light Helmet he wore, and at the second cleaved his Head, and cast him to the Ground, where a Barrel of Powder taking fire, made an end of his Life. He was followed close by several Knights, amongst whom Chevalier the Terms having with his Sword run a Turk through the Body, received at the same time so great a Wound in the Head, that he f●ll down dead to the ground with his Enemy, and in that posture he was found after the Fight. Brother-Servant at Arms Michon coming up courageously to the defence of the Commander de la Tour was killed by a Musquet-shot. The Chevalier de Grandmont received two Wounds with a Sable and one Musquet-shot. The Chevaliers de Bourgon and de Gaillard, and Brother-Servant at Arms de la Motte, were mortally wounded, the Chevaliers Piosasque and Doria Brasseuze but slightly; and Chevalier de Pont, who carried the Standard, having been assaulted by two Turks, killed one with his Pistol, the other with his Sword, being himself but lightly wounded. The Chevalier de Beaupre Choiseul was one of the first that cast themselves into the Redout, Chevalier Mechatin, Major of the Battalion, signalised himself in the same manner; and in fine, all of them showed such courage, that they drove the Enemy from that Post, took eleven of their Banners, and planted there the Standard of the Order; at the sight of which, the whole Army crying out, Vive Malta, the Venetians and Sclavonians resumed their wont Courage, and killed three hundred Turks, so that none escaped that had lodged themselves in the Redout. This days Work cost the Christians an hundred and fifty men.  
The whole Camp acknowledged the Knights for their Deliverers, and extolled them to the Skies. The General Officers sent a Compliment to the General of the Galleys of Malta; and indeed nothing would have been wanting to have made it the greatest, and most glorious Action that has been heard of, had it not cost the lives of so many brave men, and in particular of Commandant de la Tour, who was lamented by the whole Army, and whose Death Captain General Morosini could not hear of without weeping. He was interred with all the Ceremonies that might serve to give testimony of the esteem they had for his merit; his Heart was preserved to be carried to Malta, with his Bones. It may be said of him, That his mind was composed of so many noble Qualities as scarce ever met in any other. His Piety was so exemplar, that the good Effects it produced on those that served under him, can hardly be expressed: The sweetness of his temper, his modest and engaging Carriage, his Wit, his Courage, and all his other Virtues, made him so agreeable to all, that the loss of him could not but be generally lamented. But since, according to his commendable custom, he communicated before he went to the Battle, we doubt not but the Sacrifice of his Life joined with so Christianlike a Preparation, raised him to the state of everlasting Glory and Happiness in the other World. The Chevalier de la Bar, who always observed the same Footsteps, was preferred to the general Command of the Battalion, and the esteem which all the World has for his merit, gives us no small satisfaction after so great a loss.  
The 30th. of July the Enemy made a fresh attempt upon our Lines, and some of them with their Swords in their hands, cast themselves into the Redout, situate on the Eminence to which the Venetians had now given the name of St. John's Fort, as having been preserved by the the Valour of those Knights; but the Infidels were beat back to their very Trenches by the Pope's Forces, and those of the Republic; and they met with the like resistance in divers other Assaults, in which those of Malta had frequently the good Fortune to see them fly as soon as the Standard of St. John appeared; the Barbarians exclaiming with loud Outcries according to their custom in Battle, That were it not for this Battalion of Malta, they should soon bring their purposes to effect.  
The besieged in the mean time defended themselves with great obstinacy, tho' the Breach were very considerable on the side of the Attack where those of Malta were placed, and toward the Venetian Attack there was prepared a Mine of two hundred Barrels of Powder, the effect of which was expected to be very great. Our men waited with impatience the day of assault; but it being certain that the Turks of the Country who were grown to the number of six thousand men, would not fail to attack our Lines at the same time we mounted the Breach, it was resolved to prevent them by attacking them in their own Works, which was put in execution with all the Success imaginable on the seventh day of August. Our Forces having marched out of their Lines in good order, the Turks, who were possessed with fear, fell into such Confusion, that they suffered themselves to be cut to pieces without much resistance; we gained their Retrenchments, and made ourselves Masters of their Battery of four pieces of Cannon; we took from them a considerable number of Horses, and drove them far into the Country, with the loss of no more than two or three Soldiers of all our Forces, and not one of the Battalion of Malta: we killed a thousand of their men. An Action so extraordinary was with reason looked upon as a stroke of God's Providence, and the Veneration the whole Army had for the Piety and Devotion of their deceased Commander de la Tour Maubourg, made it be believed and said amongst them, That without doubt it ought to be attributed to his Prayers. A Bark that arrived here since from Patras in the Morea, reported that some Turks that escaped from the Fight, represented the Defeat much greater than we knew, and that they affirmed the Bassa of the Morea was there killed, and his Army wholly dispersed.  
Immediately after this Victory General Morosini sent Summons to the besieged, but they made answer haughtily, That they knew their Friends had been beaten, yet that they nevertheless were resolved to die rather than surrender, which made us think of preparing the Mine for a general Assault.  
The 11th. of August was the day appointed for it, and the Forces having taken their Posts in the Night, about break of day the great Mine of the Venetians Attack was sprung, and had the Effect that was expected, and had given them an opportunity to enter the City at that time, had they not, instead of improving it, contented themselves with making a Lodgement on the Breach. In the mean while as soon as the noise of the Mine was heard, they Forces of Malta who were at the head of the other Attack, seconded by the Pope's, and those of Brunswick, with great vigour gained the top of the Breach which had been some days open, though it was of very difficult access; but the Enemies having had time to fortify themselves there, there grew a furious Combat, during which the Knights did all that could be expected from their valour, to force the Retrenchment; but it being well flanked and furnished with Cannon and Artillery, they fired so terribly upon them, that four of them were killed in the place, together with Compte de Fenelon, who served with them in quality of a Volunteer, and more than thirty wounded. Chevalier de la Bar Commandant General of the Battalion, showed all the Courage imaginable on this last occasion; he was well seconded by the Pope's Officers, and those of Brunswick, of whom several were killed or wounded; but at last seeing it impossible to surmount those vast difficulties, they were constrained to retire.  
Nevertheless this was so far from disheartening the Knights, that, having understood how great a Breach the Venetians Mine had made, they resolved to give a fresh assault in the Afternoon at two places, but more furiously at the last Breach than the other. Every thing was prepared for it, when the Turks perceiving the design, on a sudden hung out a white Flag, and desired to capitulate. Four of them advanced to the Breach, and proposed to render themselves, provided they might have their lives and liberty: But Captain General Morosini not willing to consent to any thing unless the Tower that made sure the entrance into the City, were first put into our hands; it happened unluckily while this was in treaty, that two Christian Soldiers quarrelling near the place, a Pistol was shot off, and the Bandelier of another took fire at the same time. The Turks of the City upon that believing the Truce was broke, and that they were not sincerely dealt with, fired a Cannon which killed several of ours: This was enough to make us resume our Arms. The Christians having cried out Treason, so briskly forced that little of a Retrenchment the Enemies had on the Breach, that nothing could hinder them from rushing into the City, where all were put to the Sword, except some few happy Men, and many Women and Children; Chevalier de la Bar having had much difficulty to secure from the rage of the Soldiers, those four Turks which came to parley with him. The Mine had buried under its Ruins the Governor of the place, a man of undaunted Resolution, which happened well for the Christians, who otherwise would not so easily have made themselves Masters of it.  
Thus ended the Siege of Coron seven and forty days after the Trenches were opened, during which time the Christian Army had two powerful Enemies to encounter, over whom they gained a double Victory with all the Glory imaginable. The Venetians, with Count St. Paul, got much Honour. The young Count of Brunswick with his Forces, signalised himself in a particular manner. Those of Florence gave good Proofs of their Valour to the time of their reimbarking, which was some days before the end of the Siege. It is easy to judge how great a share of Honour is due to the Battalion of Malta, and the Pope's Forces who were always joined with them. Chevalier de la Bar by many brave Actions maintained the honour Sieur de la Tour had got. All the Knights generously sacrificed themselves to the support of the Faith, having undergon incredible Fatigues, and many of them shed their Blood, as may be seen in the List at the end of the Book, in which I have set down their respective Nations.  
Let us now pass to Dalmatia, where though nothing happened of such importance as in the Morea, yet it will be necessary to inform the Reader of what passed worthy of remark in the Rencounters the Venetian Forces had with the Turks in that Country and elsewhere. It was resolved to besiege the Fortress of Sing; and in prosecution of this design, the Generals marched at the head of their Forces, and immediately invested it. The Trenches were opened, a Battery raised, and some Cannon mounted in spite of the Infidels who continually fired upon them: They summoned the besieged, who being well stored with Men and Provisions, scorned the Conditions of Surrender which were offered, and by their vigorous resistance obliged us to quit the Attempt, some days after the opening our Trenches.  
On the other side, the Hayducs of Ca●aro advanced towards Goza, where they ●ade great Havoc, wasting all that Country with Fire; and Chevalier Janco marched as far as Bilai, four days Journey beyond Sebenico, and burnt to Ashes Eighteen Villages, and two Castles that were Garrisons, and returned at last to Zara laden with Honour, and a rich Booty as well of Cattle as other things, and attended by five hundred men well armed, who had forsaken the Turks to join with the Venetians.  
A considerable number of the Infidels having come out of Castelnovo to prepare an Ambuscade for the Christians, th● Morlaques who were always ready to disappoint the Turks Designs, followed the● so close at the Heels, that they mad● them retreat to the Town in great disorder, after having killed and wounde● several of them, and taken away a considerable Booty with many Prisoners.  
The Vayvode Janco took the Field again to join the Croats that were subject to the Emperor, and go with them t● destroy the Turks Iron Mines. Captain General Morosini, who was yet at Coro● caused the repairs of those Fortification to be dispatched with great diligence and having put it in a posture of defen●● set sail toward the Coast of Zarnata, attended by the Forces of Saxony, his Design being to seize that Town and two neighbouring Towers, by the means of which the Turks still kept the Mainotts in awe.  
Zarnata is a Fortress almost round, and situate on a high place; he sent a Detachment to summon the Garrison, to which the Aga who commanded the place, submitted the 11th. of September, though the Army was five Miles distant, and had not yet set foot on land. The Garrison which was numerous, consisting of six hundred men, was embarked and guarded by a Convoy within a small distance from Calamata: But the Aga fearing the Punishment which the Grand Signior inflicts on the unfortunate, remained among the Venetians: The Captain General gave him a Pension of thirty Royals a Month after he had received Baptism with twenty other Turks. There were found in this place fifty one pieces of Cannon, two hundred Quintals of Powder, great store of Bullet, with other Ammunition and Provision. Signior Morosini having thus gained the Town, put in a Garrison of two hundred and fifty Foot Soldiers, under the command of the noble Venetians, Bartholomeo Contareni, and Angelo Emo; and upon the advice he had, that the Captain Bassa was advanced with ten thousand men to lie before Calamata, he ordered the Saxons to be set on shore to join the Army, which having advanced on the 12th. of September in Battle-array, to certain places where the Enemies were advantageously posted, to dispute the Passage, there happened some light Skirmishes betwixt the Advance-guards: But whilst all things were preparing overnight to come to a set-Battel the next day, the Infidels decamped before day to retire under the Cannon of Calamata, which is situate upon the declining of a Hill on the side of the River Spinazza, in the Province of Belvedere, and has no other defence but a Castle built after the modern way, that can secure it from the Assaults of an Enemy. The Venetians surprised this Fortress in the Year 1659. and quitted it after they had carried away the Provision which they found there in abundance.  
The Turks not thinking themselves secure under the Walls of this place, continued their retreat, having first set fire to the Magazine. Thus the Christian Army entered Calamata without the least opposition, on the Feast day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, and immediately seven thousand Mainotts repaired to the Venetian Camp, a Party of which presently went in pursuit of the Infidels. There were found in the Castle nine Cannons nailed, and but little Ammunition: The Fortress was dismanteled, Signior Morosini judging it unfit for a Garrison.  
The Squadron of Signior Molino, Captain extraordinary, during the whole Summer, gave chase to the Naval Army of the Captain Bassa, who whenever he had sight of the Venetian Vessels, made away; and his Cowardice was such, that meeting with Signior Molino's Fleet under Capo-Crio, consisting of seventeen Sail, he fled into the Port of Rhodes with six and twenty Men of War, and six and forty Galleys: The fear of a Sea-fight made him also lock up the Port with a great Chain, and he himself durst not come out, though the Venetians came often to dare him at the very mouth of the Haven, and coasted thereabout fifteen days to entice him out.  
Chevalier Janco who was in the Field, having notice that the Turks had a design of marching to the number of three thousand men, to fire the Suburbs of Sebenico, left there some men, and with another Reinforcement of twelve hundred Morlaques advanced within four Miles of the place, where having laid an Ambush for them in an advantageous Post, the Enemies were surprised when they least thought of it; and being put into Disorder at the first charge, betook themselves to flight with great loss of their men.  
After the taking of Calamata, the Forces of the Republic seized Porto Vitulo, where were found fifty piece of Cannon, and ten of smaller Artillery, with store of Ammunition: Signior Lorenzo was there made Proveditor extraordinary. General Morosini after that appeared before Chielifa, the Garrison not believing itself in condition to resist, accepted the Articles of surrender which were offered them, and the Standard of St. Mark was there planted; they reconsecrated the Church of St. Spindion for divine Worship, and Signior Lorenzo Venier was made Governor of the place. This Fortress is situate on the top of a sharp Rock, about a Mile and a half from the Sea; it is a Mile in compass, of a square form, and is flanked with five Towers for its defence. The taking of Chielifa was followed by that of Passana, where the Standard of the Republic was planted the 24th. of September, and the Sieur Angelo Lazari, with the superintendent Georgio Foscarini, were chosen Proveditors extraordinary. This place is situate on a Hill in the Province of Maina, in the neighbourhood of the Gulf of Colochina, upon the Cape of Matapan opposite to Chielifa.  
The Campaign ended with several Rencounters, which the Morlaques and the Mainotts had with the Infidels in Dalmatia, and in the Morea. The Turks also received some Losses at Sea, four of their Galleys being separated by a violent Storm; that which belonged to the Bassa of Negropont, was met by the famous Corsair Manetta, and taken by two of his Galeots, with two hundred Turks that were on board, and eighty Christian Slaves, who were all set at liberty.  
Signior Morosini having set sail for Corf● to take his Winter-quarters there, passed by Preveza within view of Santa Maura, and sailed on to Trapano to view the Works they were making at that place, with four Galleys of the Isles: From thence he went to the Gulf of Larta, upon advice that the Governor of that Town, called Javanos, was on his march with fifteen hundred men to oblige the Villages of Xeromero to the contribution of Carazzo, which they had refused to pay. The Turks seeing the Fleet, betook themselves to flight with their Governor, which gave occasion to the General to pass to Gomenizze, and endeavour to draw them on thither; in his passage he was saluted by the Infidels who were there in Garrison with a single Volley of their Cannon; and having given a signal to the Galley Garzoni to answer them, she did it so dexterously, that the Bullet carried off the Head of one of the Barbarians, which struck such a terror into the rest, that they resolved upon the spot, to leave the place and save their lives by flying to a neighbouring Mountain, which they did. This advantage obliged the Venetians to go on shore, and seize the Fortress which Signior Morosini caused to be demolished, having first ordered a Mass of Thanksgiving to be celebrated in the place: The Ammunition and Provision that were found there, he caused to be carried on board his Vessels, with six piece of double Brass Cannon, ninety six pound of Bullet, and four quarter Culverins, with two other small Field-pieces, to convey to Corfu, which was but four and twenty Miles distant.   

THE HISTORY OF THE Venetian Conquests, etc. The Third Book.  
THIS Year the Venetians continued, with great Success, the Conquests they had begun the year before in the Morea, which is a Peninsula called by the Ancients Peloponnesus; the number of its Commonwealths, famous in History, rendered it very considerable amongst the Grecians. It was formerly divided into Achaia properly so called, Arcadia, the Country of Argos, Corinth, Elis, Sicionia, Laconia, and Messenia. It is at present called Morea, because in figure it resembles a Mulberry-leaf; it is divided into the Dukedom of Clarence, which comprehends Achaia, Sicionia, and Corinth; Belveder formerly Elis and Messenia; Saccania anciently the Country of Argos and Tzaconia, where was Laconia and Arcadia: It is joined to the Continent Northward by a neck of Land called the Isthmus of Corinth; on the West and South it has the Adriatic Sea, and on the East the Sea of Candia; its length from Corinth to Modon, is a hundred and seventy Italian Miles; the breadth is almost of the same extent, and it is six hundred Miles in compass. The City of Sparta, or Lacedaemon, which amongst the ancient, was the most celebrated of all Peloponnesus, falling under the Turkish Dominion, has lost much of its ancient Splendour; they call Lacedaemon, Misitra, and Corinth, Coranto. At present the most known are Coron, Modon, Clarence, Argos, Navarin, Patras, Napoli di Romania, and Maina; that which is now called Braccio di Maina, is the Country of the Mainotts; they inhabit part of the Country of the ancient Lacedæmonians, along the Sea-coast of the Gulf of Coron, and they are the only Greeks that have preserved themselves in form of a Republic against the Ottomans. The ruggedness of their Mountains, and the nearness of the Sea, has given them this advantage: But the City of Candia being taken, which happened in the Year 1669. they feared they should lose their liberty, and that fear was the occasion that many of them sought new Habitations to live in quiet. The Genoüese received five or six hundred Families of them into the Isle of Corsica, and the Great Duke of Florence gave land within his Territories to a thousand more, who have settled themselves there within these few years. There are many considerable Mountains in the Morea, viz. Pholoe, Cyllene, Sepia, Poglizzi, Cronia, or Grevenos, Mintia or Mente, Neris, Nonaene, Artimisio, and Taygetus now called Borta. The Rivers are Carbon and Eurotas, now called Vasili-Potamos, Inachus, Lynceus, and Spinarzza. The extent of the Isthmus of Corinth, which joins the Morea to Greece, between the Gulf of Lepant and that of Engia, is six Miles. Many Princes have made it their endeavour to divide all this Land from the Continent; Nero the Emperor made a Voyage into Achaia expressly on that design; ●e made a Speech to his men, and then opened the Ground himself, and carried a Basket of Earth on his Shoulders, but could not succeed in his Design. The Morea being by the Greek Emperors divided amongst the Despots or Lords whom they named, became a Prey to the Turks, who easily possessed themselves of it under Mahomet II. surnamed Boiuc, that is to say, the Great: He was the terror of all Europe, and the most fortunate Prince of all the Infidels that ever ●ate on that Throne. The Venetians a●one, who were Masters of Corinth and Argos, resisted for the space of some years, under the Conduct of their General Bertold d' Est, a most courageous Prince of the illustrious Family that now rules at Modena. This unwearied General undertook with three thousand and six hundred Workmen to raise a Wall of six Miles in length on the whole extent of that neck of Land called the Isthmus of Corinth, with six and thirty Towers to hinder the Incursions of the Infidels; but being unhappily wounded on the Head with a Stone at the Siege of Corinth, h● died in the defence of that place, which the Turks soon after gained without much difficulty in the Year 1463. which obliged the Venetians to retire into the neighbouring Islands. I thought it proper to make this Description of the Morea, which may give the Reader an Idea of i● that may be of use in the following History. It is now time to return to the matter in hand.  
Signior Morosini Generalissimo of the Venetian Army, being desirous to secure the Conquest of Coron and other place● taken from the Turks the last year, resolved to employ his utmost force in the Morea, and judged it proper to begin with the Siege of Navarin. In Dalmatia the Camp was opened with some successes; Signior Paolo Fosiorani drew together six hundred Morlaques, and advanced towards a Fort called Caraman, with design to surprise it, having understood by his Spies the weakness of the Garrison, and the absence of the Ag● that commanded it. The night favoured his design, for having seized all the out-Works, he took the main Tower of the Fort by scaling, and surprised the Infidels with a brisk and vigorous charge; part of the Garrison that made resistance, were put to the Sword, the rest yielded on discretion, and the Morlaques that were in the place came over to those of their own Nation. The Aga that was gone out of the Fort, was beheaded by the Command of the Bassa of Bossine, for leaving his Post, and exposing it to the Assaults of their Enemies. After this the Morlaques of Clissa and Sebenico took the Fort of Ottoch, and got the better in several Rencounters they had with the Sangiac of Ertzegonine, who having drawn some Forces together to surprise the Tower of Narino and the Fort of Opusch, saw all his Designs dashed by the vigilance of the Morlaques, who kept the Field to observe his motions.  
In the mean time General Morosini on the 2d. of June arrived before Navarin with the Galleys, Galleasses, and other Vessels to the number of two hundred Sail. The Forces of the Republic, the Pope, the Great Duke of Tuscany, and of Malta, were all joined.  
Navarin is a Seaport Town of the Morea, in the little Country of Belveder; it is near Modon which lies Eastward of it and Arcadia; it is believed to be that which is called by the Ancients Pilus Messeniaca. Bajazet II. having taken it from the Venetians in the Year 1500. Don John of Austria, with other Confederates, attempted to retake it in the Year 1572. They landed a thousand men, Spaniards and Italians, under the Command of Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, who with ten pieces of Cannon attacked it on the South side by land in the beginning of October. They battered the Walls for the space of three days, but the ground which was rocky, not suffering the Christians to entrench themselves, and the Turks on the other hand having put store of Provision and Ammunition into the place, and considerable Succours of men, they were forced to quit their Enterprise.  
After the forces were landed, and Count Coningsmark their General had assigned them their Posts, Signior Morosini Generalissimo, sent to the Governor of old Navarin (an inconsiderable Town notwithstanding its advantageous situation) to summon him, advising him not to delay till it should be formally attacked, threatening to give no quarter if the Garrison resisted. The Governor desired the rest of that day and the day following to consider; but news being brought, that the Ottoman General in the Morea, was marching to the relief of the place, Count Coningsmark had Orders to advance under the Cannon of Navarin. The entrance of the Port is sheltered by a neck of land on which one Regiment was posted; and at the same time some pieces of Artillery were brought on shore in great Barks. The besieged being dismayed at these Preparations, hung out a white Flag, and sent Deputies to the General's Galley: The Articles of Capitulation were regulated, according to which they marched out with their Arms and Baggage, to the number of four hundred men; there were but a hundred Soldiers among them, the place being defended by its situation, without need of a greater Garrison. They demanded to be sent to Alexandria, which was granted them. There were found in this place three and forty Cannons, with store of other Arms, Ammunition, and Provisions. After having left there a Governor with a Garrison of an hundred and sixty men, the Generalissimo gave Orders to the Galleys to make into the mouth of the Haven, in order to attack the City of New Navarin; they could not do it without bearing the fire of a Battery that was on a Ravelin close by the Water, but they suffered no damage by it, only One Galley of the Isles, which Signior Cornaro caused to enter the Port on the 6th. of June at Night, received a Canonshot which put the Oars in disorder. The Cannons and Mortars were immediately brought to land with the Ammunition. Count Coningsmark caused a Battery to be raised of twenty pieces of Cannon of fifty pound Ball, and another of eighteen Mortar-pieces to throw the Bombs. The Grecians of Coron, and some other conquered places, being come to the Camp, they fell to take their Posts, and distribute the Attacks. The Garrison consisting but of a thousand men, was commanded by Zefer Aga, an Officer of great Repute, as it was known from a Greek that came out of the place; and at the same time they surprised a Renegade that carried Letters from the Serasquier of the Morea to Zefer, by which he assured him that he was coming to his Relief. Upon this news Count Coningsmark was detached to march up to him with a body of choice men. The Scouts having discovered the Enemy some Leagues off, the Count made a halt, and set his men in Battle-array, but there was no fight by reason the Serasquier made a Countermarch and retired. The Count not thinking it proper to pursue them, marched back to the Camp in very good order.  
Signior Morosini having in vain summoned the Governor, before he began the Attacks, put in readiness a Battery of Mortar-pieces, which was so well managed by the directions of Count San Felice Muttoni, that the Bombs which were of five hundred pound weight, set fire on the Town in divers places, which struck a great terror into the besieged. The Battery of Cannon was in readiness on the 13th. and on the same day there was intelligence that the Serasquier advanced apace, intending to surprise the Besiegers in their Camp, and that he was within six Miles of them. Count Coningsmark was again detached with seven thousand Foot, five hundred Horse, and the Dragoons of the Marquis de Courbon, and Count Bernabo Visconti: He marched in good order in the beginning of the Night, and the next day found the Infidels to the number of eight thousand Foot, and two thousand Horse, entrenched in a Valley, where it was impossible to come at them, but by a very narrow passage. The Dragoons commanded by the Marquis de Courbon, and those of Count Bernabo Visconti who immediately advanced, having posted themselves in an advantageous place to bear the first Onset of the Enemies, gave time to the Forces that followed them to pass the narrow way. The Turks who might have taken advantage of this motion, made not Attack; and Count Coningsmark set his Forces in order of Battle, and placed two small pieces of Artillery on an eminence of ground from whence they fired continually on the Turks, who seeing the Dragoons march proudly towards them, thought to him them in with a Detachment of several Squadrons. But the Dragoons not only bore the Onset with great courage, but alighting from their Horses, made the Infidels give way, and pursued them so successfully, that they dispersed them; after which they bore so hard upon the Infantry, that they put them into disorder, which was increased by the Forces that marched after the Dragoons. The Fight lasted two hours, and ended with the flight of the Turks, who lost above five hundred men in this action, and had many wounded. There had been several that had rallied upon the occasion of two or three thousand Turks that were got together from several parts of the Morea, to reinforce the Serasquier's Army, and were come near the field of Battle; but it was in vain they renewed the Charge, they were again put to flight, and forced to leave their Baggage and Tents. There were but very few Soldiers either killed or wounded on the Christian side. Prince Maximilian of Brunswick encouraged his Forces by his Example, and showed at the head of them all the Courage a man could be capable of. Many other Volunteers of great quality signalised themselves in the like manner on this occasion. This Defeat of which the besieged could not doubt, when they saw the Heads of the Turks killed in the Battle, and the Colours the Venetians brought away, made so general a Consternation in the City, that they lost all hope of being relieved; and after some Contests, came to a Capitulation. It was permitted them to march out of Navarin with Arms and Baggage to be transported to Alexandria. Count Coningsmark regulated the Articles of Capitulation in the Name of the Generalissimo: While they were regulating that Article that concerned the embarking the Garrison, there happened a disaster that was like to have caused great Confusion: A Magazine of Powder took fire, and was blown up in a moment, an hundred and fifty Turks were either burnt or buried in the ruins, together with six Christians; the Governor was of the number; fifteen more were blown up and thrown from the place. It was presently said the Turks had prepared this Oven on purpose to destroy all the Christians they could draw that way. This was enough to make them put all to the Sword, had not the Generalissimo appeased the Soldiers. He received the excuses of the principal men of the place, who, when they brought him the Keys of the Town, and their Standards, asked permission to justify themselves upon this Accident. It was found, in effect, that the Fire which was set to several Houses by the Bombs, being kept alive under the Ruins, had made its way to this Magazine only by the negligence of the Officers, whom the unhappy state of their Affairs had hindered to provide against such Accidents. The Garrison consisted of a thousand Soldiers who embarked with two thousand other Turks, to pass for Alexandria. On the 18th. of June Signior Morosini entered the Town with Count Coningsmark and the chief Officers of the Army, and the principal Mosque was made choice of to give God thanks in for this Conquest.  
In the mean time the Christian Privateers met with the Turkish Caravan coming from Alexandria to Constantinople. The number of the Enemy's Ships did not dismay them; they charged very vigorously, and after they had either taken, or disabled the Men of War which were their Convoy, they took the Caravan. The Ship called Alexander the Great, surprised also a Turkish Vessel of Eighty pieces of Cannon; for having discovered it afar off, they hung out Turkish Colours, and made up close to her, with a design to board her, and quickly made themselves Masters of her before the Infidels could come to themselves, or prepare for Fight. Two Turkish Galliots had the same chance meeting the famous Corsair Manetta.  
The Morlaques made many Incursions into the Enemy's Territories, and amongst others, those of Sebenico and Traci being sent for that purpose, to the number of twelve hundred, foraging in the open Country, surprised a Town called Dapana, and returned with store of Slaves and , having ransacked, and after set fire to the Houses. In the mean time the Turks attempted no great matters in Dalmatia, their greatest Efforts being limited to the pillaging and burning some Villages between Clissa and Spalatro, for which purpose they had detached four thousand Horse: But an accident happened, which frustrated their hopes of enjoying the Prey; for as they returned with a great Booty, they fell into an Ambuscade which four hundred Morlaques had laid for them in a narrow way, which terminates at a steep unpassable Mountain, from whence sixty Peasants, who had quitted their Houses at the approach of the Turks, rolled down Stones of a prodigious bigness upon them who were straightened in their passage. Thus the Morlaques having robbed the Enemy of his Booty, and delivered the Slaves, returned victorious with about two hundred Prisoners. Let us now turn our Discourse to the Venetian Camp in the Morea.  
The Conquest of the two Navarins was followed by the taking of Modon, a Town situate in the Province of Belveder, at one end of the Morea; it was formerly called Methona. The Venetians having assisted at the taking of Constantinaple, in the year 1204. Baldwin the Earl of Flanders, afterwards chosen Emperor of the East, gave them as a Recompense for the share they had in the dangers of the Siege. the Isle of Candia, the Cities of Modon, and Coron in the Morea, and that of Durazzo in Albania, with the Isle of Corfu; this Isle was then in the Possession of the Genoveses, who had for their Captain the famous Corsair Veterano. The Venetians set sail the year following toward Corfu with thirty Galleys, and having met Veterano coming out of the Gulf, they attacked him so successfully, that having taken seven of his Galleys, they gave an entire Defeat to the rest; after which, without any difficulty, they made themselves Masters of Corfu, and soon after of Modon and Coron. Modon remained under their Dominion till the year 1500. when Bajazet the second, Emperor of the Turks, attacked it by Sea and Land with an Army of 140000. men, and above 220. Sail of Ships. They made a vigorous defence, but the Proveditor Contarini fearing lest the besieged should yield the place for fear of not being relieved, chose five of his best Galleys, and having laden them with Ammunition and Provisions, which he knew they wanted, sent them to Modon: Four of them got happily into the Port, but that which was intended for the safety of the Town, proved the occasion of its loss. The besieged were so overjoyed at this relief, that to see it come in, they quitted the defence of their Walls. The Turks took advantage of their Imprudence, and there being already some Breaches made, they mounted them, and found but a small number of Soldiers to guard them, whom they soon cut to pieces. The Forces that arrived in the Galleys, would have made head against them, but they beat down all before them, and almost the whole City was filled with destruction by Fire and Sword; they neither spared the Governor, nor the other Officers, and struck off the Head of Andrea Falconi Bishop of the place, who came in his Pontifical Habit to encourage the Inhabitants to their own defence.  
Signior Morosini being come before this place with part of his Forces on the 21st. of June in the Evening, the next day he viewed the Haven, and observed the places proper for landing the rest of his Army. This Debarkment was made in very good order, the Infidels not using any great endeavours to oppose them. The other Forces had made one day's March by Land, since the taking of Navarin, and arrived on the 22d. before Modon: This Town is situate upon a neck of Land that shoots itself into the Sea; it is fortified with a Wall of Freestone filled on the inside with Earth; on the side towards the Land, it is sheltered by a Bastion not joined to the Walls, and another raised Work all surrounded by a good Ditch Palisadoed. Count Coningsmark immediately gave order for the Circumvallation, which was easy by reason of the deep Waters that are round the place. The 23d. they wrought on the Trenches, and on the 24th. they got Faggots in the Camp itself, which lay cross a Grove of Orange-trees, of which Wood they made 100000. The 25th. they began with eight Mortar-pieces to cast their Bombs; they threw five hundred, of which eighty missed the Town, and thirty broke in the Air. The 26th. Count Coningsmark attacked the Suburbs, and having made himself Master of them, secured the Avenues of the Streets, and put four Battalions of Sclavonians in the Gardens of the Suburbs, the 27th they summoned the Town; the Disdar or Governor made answer, That he expected no Succour but from God; That he was born to die, and that he would defend the place as long as there was a man alive in it, and that the last man should set fire ●o all the store of Powder, that so the Town (if it must be cut off from the Turkish Empire) should not fall into the Power of the Christians. The 28th. they began to work at the Battery of ten pieces of Cannon; the 29th. they continued to throw their Bombs, and to work ●t their Faggots, and at their Battery; the ●0th. the Battery began to play with wonderful success, and in three hours dismounted five of the Enemy's Cannon; the Cannoneers then at the Camp were very expert, and shot as exactly with their Cannon, as a man could with a Musket. The first of July the Forces of Malta opened their Trenches, and carried on their Works two hundred paces; on the 2d. the Spaniards relieved the Trenches, and Generalissimo Morosini summoned the Town again; the Turks came to capitulate; the Governor proposed, That if they would give him two thousand Sequins he would persuade the Garrison to surrender, and urged that a Truce would be requisite to summon the Council; the Truce was granted on condition that the Works might continue on both sides. Count Coningsmark, besides the Workmen, had under his command five hundred Germans, by whose help they carried on their Works within thirty paces of the Counterscarp, with a Line of Communication of fifty paces, and a place of Parade on each side. On the 3d. the Disdar broke the Truce, alleging that he could not persuade the Garrison to surrender: The 4th. the Saxons relieved the Trenches, four Mortar-pieces with two Carcases, were employed all night in casting Stones, the rest threw Bombs, a● usual; one Lieutenant-Colonel, and thirty Soldiers were killed. On the 5th. the Forces of Brunswick mounted the Trenches, the Battery of Bombs was advanced and one of Cannon begun, and the Trenches carried on to the Ditch. A● Deserter confirmed what others had said That the Houses of the Town were almost all ruined by four thousand Bomb● that had fallen amongst them, and tha● the Stones incommoded them most of all The 6th. the Florentines mounted th● Trenches; there was great firing on each side, and the Enemies did all they could to hinder the Works to go forward▪ all the engineers that were in the Trenches being hurt, Count Charles Koningsmark, Nephew to the General, and Colonel in the Most Christian King's Service, ordered the Works, and marked out a place of Parade; and the Lodgement of the Counterscarps was made without much loss. On the 7th those of Malta mounted the Trenches again: twenty Knights and some Volunteers, of which number were Viscount Turene, and Count Charles Koningsmark, with fifty Grenadiers, lay open on the right Angle of the Counterscarp: the several Posts being not yet joined, they were forced to work. That night a Battery of six Guns was made on an Eminence, which battered the back part of the Town. The clear Moonlight was the occasion that we lost some men; and two of the Knights were wounded. On the 8th, the Spaniards came again on the Trenches; they made three descents into the Ditch, and the Gallery was begun. The Turks fired a great number of Grenado's and Bags of Powder: In the mean time about Noon, the Christians were got to the Foot of the Bastion; which so dismayed the Turks, that they hung out the White Flag, and gave Hostages. Two Principal Men of the Garrison waited on the Generalissimo, who deferred regulating the Capitulation till the next day. He sent them no Hostages, though they had sent six on board the Captain Galley. It was said by them, that the Serasquier, who had put five hundred Soldiers, and one hundred Cannoneers into the place before the Siege, gave orders to Cidi Achmet who was Governor, that he should defend it during the space of fifteen days, and then surrender it, if he were not relieved. The Capitulation was regulated on Conditions, That the Keys of the Magazines of Ammunition were to be sent the same day into the hands of Signior Morosini, That the Turks should bring their Standards on board the Captain Galley, That they should all march out within four days, the Soldiers with their Arms, and what Baggage each of them could carry; and the Inhabitants with part of their Movables; That Vessels should be allowed to transport them to some Port in the Coast of Barbary; That they should leave behind them all the Christian Slaves, and the Negro's Men and Women that should be found in Modon, should become Slaves to the Republic. These Articles being signed, one hundred men were put into the Castle where the Standard of St. Mark was planted; and two days after the Turks marched out to the number of a thousand Men able to bear Arms, and three thousand other persons. There were ●n the place about an hundred piece of Cannon, of which many were Brass, with great store of Ammunition in the Magazines. Fourteen hundred men were put ●n Garrison for the defence of the City, and Signior Pavita was chosen Proveditor extraordinary.  
Fortune declared herself on all sides for ●he Republic; and this was not the only check the Affairs of the Ottoman Empire met with on this side. General Cornaro who commanded in Dalmatia, having joined to his Forces those of the Morlaques: they marched from the Province of Zaro, under the Conduct of Cheva●ier Janco and Sieur Smilianich, with the Captains Possidona and Patolazzi; they directed their march towards Conscho, and being arrived on the 13th to the Banks of the River Cattina, made a halt towards the Evening to refresh themselves; and having laid their bridge, past the River in the night, and by break of day arrived to Climno; where having understood, that seven hundred spahis, and fifteen hundred Janissaries, with some other Forces were encamped: they attacked them with so much courage, that they soon made them give way. The Cavalry endeavoured to gain the open Country, and the Foot to escape to the Mountains; but they were so close pursued that before they could compass their design, above seven hundred of them wer● killed, and five hundred made Prisoners. The Inhabitants of Climn● who were witnesses to this defeat retir'● themselves into the Castle, with desig● to defend themselves there, but in vain for the confusion they were in, having made them forget to shut the Gat● of the Town, the Forces of the Repub●lique and the Morlaques seized it immediately, and the Castle also, by the negligence of the Inhabitants, whom the approach of an Enemy should have ma● more wary. Whatever was found in the City they carried away, and put to the Sword those that made any resistance; they set fire to the Houses, which spreading itself on all sides, burned the Town and Castle to Ashes, blew up the Magazine with five hundred Turks, consumed many stately Buildings and magnificent Mosques, with great store of Riches; the Women and Children were carried away Prisoners. It was a Town of good Trade; the Bassa of Bossina made choice of it for his ordinary residence, by reason of its pleasant Situation, good Air, and fruitfulness of the adjacent Fields, which in this War were wholly wasted. In this Expedition one hundred and thirty Christian Slaves were set at liberty, and more than sixty Families put themselves under the protection of the Republic. Signior Cornaro marched no farther on, but returned with his Force, and the Morlaques, laden with rich Spoils, having had but nine men killed and three and twenty wounded in this successful Enterprise.  
The Proveditor Extraordinary of Spinalonga in the Kingdom of Candie, gave an account to the Senate, that, besides many Incursions that had been made by his Garrison, from time to time, to the very Gates of the Enemy's Towns, he had lately made a Detachment of part of his Forces, with design to fight the Infidels; that his Scouts having informed him where they lay encamped, he marched towards them, and gained an entire Victory; and that having possessed himself of an advantageous Post, which before had much incommoded him: the confusion the Infidels were in was redoubled, and most part of them killed on the place; some were drowned, and others dispersed in the Mountains. There was also intelligence that the Christian Privateers, had taken in the Sea of Candia eight Saics laden with Corn and other Merchandise bound for Constantinople.  
After Signior Morosini had viewed the Fortifications of Modon, and given necessary orders for its defence, he began to think of new Conquests, and called a Council of War for that purpose, where all the Principal Officers being present, it was resolved to attack the City of Napoli di Romania, so called by the Inhabitants of the Morea. Before he put his design in execution, he thought it proper to clear the Country of some Garrisons that were in the small places about Modon: he possessed himself of the Town called Achaia; which though it be not in itself very considerable, yet it serves to secure the other Conquests which the Venetians have made, and are still making in that Kingdom. Whilst we leave the Army under sail towards Napoli di Romania, let us see what passes in Dalmatia.  
The Forces of the Republic which are in these parts, have had many advantages over the common Enemy, being seconded by the Morlaques. Solyman Bassa of Scutari and Albania, who took the Field in the Month of July, in order to besiege some place in the Territories of the Republic, took much pains to little purpose. 'Tis true he advanced towards the City of Budoa and the Castle of St. Stephens, with design to seize them, and having foraged thereabouts, to lay siege to Cattaro: In effect he used so much diligence that he quickly got within view of the place with his Army, which consisted of twelve thousand men, and eight piece of Cannon, which gave some alarm to the Governor; but General Cornaro and the Count St. Paul having been informed of his design, had already prevented him with a number equal to his. The Bassa, who believed his design would not come to light till after the execution of it, and imagined the Christians could take no measures to traverse it, encamped himself within four miles of the place, near the Town of Briach, and stayed for the Artillery and the rest of his Forces designed for this Enterprise. In the mean time General Cornaro furnished the City with all things necessary for its defence, in case the Enemies should be so rash as to lay siege to it; and having taken a view of their Camp, he set his men in Battle-array: The Bassa did the same, and himself in person viewed the Venetian Army from a small Hill on the South side. The first day passed in divers light Skirmishes and frequent Alarms without coming to a just Battle. But at the dawn of the next day, the Turks came upon the Christians with great fury and loud cries, as is customary with them: The first Squadrons of the Morlaques perceiving their design, stayed for them without stirring a foot, and with the help of their Artillery bore the first onset. In this Rancounter, a Cannon Bullet having carried off a Bough of a Tree, forced it so violently upon the Bassa, that his Face was grievously hurt by it: This Accident caused some disorder amongst the Infidels, and was no small disadvantage to them; for Signior Cornaro, having observed the Bassa retire out of the Field to dress his Wound, drew his Army out of the Camp against the Enemies. During the space of four hours the Victory was in suspense, but the Christians being reinforced by some fresh Battalions from the Galleys, the Turks gave ground on a sudden, and not being able to make head, retired in confusion towards their Camp; they lost six hundred men in their flight, and many were taken Prisoners. Notwithstanding this disgrace, a thousand Janissaries made a fresh attack on the Castle of St. Stephen, but being briskly repulsed by the Garrison, they lost all hopes of taking the place, having lost an hundred men in the attempt. This ill success so enraged the Bassa, that he had caused several of the Captains to be strangled, had they not begged their lives with a promise of clearing themselves from the reproach of cowardice on the first occasion; and in effect the fear of this reproach had so much influence on them, that two days after, having rallied their Forces, they returned in order of Battle to charge the Christians; but they fell short of their expectations, and were soon discomfited by those Forces that backed the Christian Army, with the help of the Cannon from the Galleys. There were four hundred killed on the place, and the rest forced to retire the third time in confusion; the Venetians closely pursuing them, being desirous to complete a Victory they had so happily begun.  
The Forces of the Republic advanced their Conquests already made in the Morea by the taking of Napoli di Romania: This place, which is three parts surrounded by the Sea, is situate in the Gulf that bears its name on a crooked neck of Land: its Harbour is safe, and may contain a great number of Vessels; but the mouth of it is so narrow and difficult that two Galleys cannot enter a breast: A Castle seated on a Rock within three hundred paces of it, serves for its defence, and is so much the surer Guard to it, by reason that the Galleys and other Ships, not having a depth of water sufficient to bring them within Cannon shot, the Castle cannot easily be attacked. Bajazet II. Emperor of the Turks, having in the year 1500. attempted to make himself Master of the Morea, drew together a powerful Army at Santa Maura; he thought to secure himself of Napoli di Romania, and as he was on his march thither, a party of his Cavalry being advanced before the rest, those of the Town made a brisk Sally and cut them to pieces; which struck a great terror into the Enemies, and made them quit that attempt, and go to besiege Modon; the taking of which place being succeeded by that of Coron, they were so puffed up with success, that they thought themselves sure of Napoli di Romania: they came before it again, and employed all their Force to make a Conquest of it; but the besieged shown no less resolution to defend it, in which they were not a little encouraged by Paul Contarini, a man of great Honour: He had been in Coron at the siege of that place, and had fallen into the hands of the Turks. Bajazet knowing his Authority to be great, would make use of him to move the besieged to surrender; he advanced to the Walls, and seeing one of the Gates open, he spurred on with that speed, that having disengaged himself from the Turks that were about him, he got into the place, and encouraged the Inhabitants to make a good defence, and Bajazet some few days after raised the Siege and returned to Constantinople. Solyman the II. having in vain attacked Corf● in the year 1537. gave orders to Cassin Ba●●a to carry on the War towards Napoli di Romania and the adjacent places. The Venetians who were entered into a League against him with the Emperor Charles the Fifth, opposed all the designs of the Turks, who having again besieged Napoli di Romania, were again constrained to make a shameful retreat with great loss. But at last the Venetians finding it for the interest of their affairs, to make peace with Solyman, sent Lewis Badoaro to Constantinople with full power to treat. All his endeavours to preserve Napoli di Romania, and Napoli di Malvasia in the hands of the Republic (the only places they were possessed of in the Morea) were fruitless. For Solyman having been advertised by private intelligence, that the Republic had given him order to conclude a Treaty whatever it cost, obliged him to give up those two places with two Castles in Dalmatia, viz. Nadin and Laurane. This was transacted in the year 1540 and since that time Napoli di Romania has continued under the Turkish Dominion.  
Signior Morosini having resolved on the Siege of this place, set sail on the 27th of July: The Army consisted of eight thousand Foot and six hundred Horse, being the Forces of the Republic, which he embarked on the Galleys and Galiots, with those of the Pope, the Duke of Florence, and the Battalion of Malta: There were other Auxiliary Forces, who were embarked on the other Ships and Galleasses. A few days after, the Galleys and Galiots which set out first, arrived at the Port of Tolon, where on the 30th in the evening they landed without any opposition; this Port is not above four or five miles from Napoli di Romania, which they invested on the 31st; and it was reported by a Christian Slave, that Hassan Bassa, Mustapha Bassa, and three Beys his Brothers, that were in the place, were the more resolved to defend it stoutly, for that there was a numerous Garrison, and great store of Ammunition and Provisions. On the first of August, having begun the Lines of Circumvallation, they possessed themselves of Mount Palamida, on which they raised a Battery: this Mount lies on the side towards the Continent, and is not accessible but by a narrow way, which is between the steepest part of the Hill and the Sea. Three of the Soldiers that were commanded to cut of the passage of the water to the Castle, were killed, and four wounded; yet they executed their orders in spite of the Fire and Bombs of the Besieged. On the same day news was brought, that the Serasquier was encamped under the Cannon of Argos, but those that brought it could not discover their number. On the 2d of the Month, they were informed by a Rascian Deserter, that the fire which was seen the day before in the City, had taken hold of above an hundred Quintals of Powder; that the ruins of the Magazine had choked up a great Cistern of water, and spoiled another, and that the Inhabitants had but one Well left that was of use. The same day the besieged made a Sally with two hundred Foot and twenty Horse, but all they could do was to charge the advance Guards, and kill or wound six or seven Soldiers: The Germans came in, and being seconded by an hundred Milanese, presently forced them to retire. In this Sally Major Lauro d' Andria received a Musket shot in his foot. The Vessels and Galleasses that arrived the next day with the rest of the Forces, reported that the Captain Bassa would have come to the place with seven of his Galleys, in which there were above three thousand men, but that upon the advice they had, that the Fleet of the Republic was at the Mouth of the Haven they steered off towards Negropont.  
The Generalissimo forgot nothing that might advance the good success of the Siege: He took a view of the place on the side towards the Sea, from on Board the Galley commanded by the Governor of the Galley-slaves; after which he took a turn on the side towards the Land, viewed the Posts of Mount Palamida, and judging it would be difficult to compass his design as long as the Sea was open ●o the besieged, he resolved to go and attack the Turks in their Camp; knowing that the Serasquier was encamped four or five Miles from his Lines under the Cannon of the Castle of Argos. On the 5th they wrought at a Battery of eight Mortars, and as many Cannon of fifty pound Ball. On the 6th, Count Koningsmark left but fifteen hundred men to guard the Lines and marched with the rest against the Serasquier. The Generalissimo advanced on his side with his Galleys, and having found a place fit for landing, near to Argos, he set a shore fifteen hundred Soldiers and armed Seamen, to march under the command of Colonel Magnanini. This Conduct obliged the Turks to divide their Forces, they left a party to defend their Camp, and their Cavalry to the number of three thousand went out to meet the Venetians, who received their first fire with great courage and steadfastness. Count Koningsmark marched towards them in very good order, and finding his opportunity, broke their Ranks and forced them to fly; but he not thinking it proper to pursue the Victory farther, the Enemy had time to carry off their Tents, and some part of their Baggage; the Galleys had orders to make near the Coast to serve as a safe retreat to those Soldiers that might be straggling for plunder. On the same day the Batteries of Mortars were finished, and began to bombard the Town where fire appeared in several places: Two other Works were likewise carried on to batter it on the side towards the Sea. On the 7th. fourteen Christian Slaves who had made their escape the Night before, reported that five hundred Soldiers and an Engineer had found means to get into the Town by Sea; that the Serasquier that had sent this relief, drew his Forces together near Corinth to join with those the Captain-Basha had landed. Signior Morosini summoned the Governor, and upon his refusing to surrender, it was resolved to burn all the adjacent Villages, and by that means hinder the Turks to lodge themselves there. Count Coningsmark took upon himself the execution of this design, and soon made himself Master of Argos; those that defended it, quitted the place without striking a stroke. There were found in it some Provisions, with about twelve thousand pound of Powder. On the 8th. the battering was continued; five Grecians who escaped to the Camp, confirmed what was reported by other Deserters concerning the Destruction the Bombs had made there; they added, that there was so general a dismay amongst them, that if Mustapha Bassa had not opposed it, they would already have accepted the offer of Capitulation. On the 9th, four hundred men of those Ships that had transported the Garrison of Modon into Barbary, were landed, and took their Posts. Advice was brought, that the Serasquier was on his march with his Forces, and a Reinforcement of two thousand men to make some new attempt, and it appeared to be for the relief of Napoli di Romania. On the 10th. about an hundred of his Horse came within Pistol-shot of the Trenches. Signior Morosini with his Galleys went on the other side the Gulf for fresh Water and Forage to refresh his Soldiers, whom the Turks in parties did much infest, and surprised some as they were straggling, which retarded their Works, and weakened the Guard of their Trenches. Signior Pisani Captain ordinary of the Ships, arrived in the Evening with eight of his Men of War, one Saique and a Pinnace taken from the Turks. The fire that had been seen in the place, was put out by the rain that fell the same day. The Battery of eight piece of Cannon was put in a readiness on the 11th. and began to play upon the Town: The Brigadier of the Brunswick Forces was wounded on the Mount Palamida, at Count Coningsmarks' quarter, while he was viewing the Posts and the Battery of Mor●ars. On the 12th. seven Greeks who made their escape from the Town, reported that the Bombs had killed above twelve hundred Persons, That the Inhabitants being terrified, desired to capitulate; but the Governor persisted in ●is resolution to defend the place till ●he Besiegers had made a breach. Signior Duodo was sent with three Men of War ●o take the Castle of Thermis, which being at his first approach surrendered to him by the Disdar, he placed a Garrison in it. On the same day the Battery was advanced by reason it had not suc effect as was expected in the place where it was raised: towards the Evening they opened the Trenches without the loss of one Man.  
The 14th. 15th. and 16th. they continued battering the Town, the Cannons and Mortars playing upon it without intermission. Advice was brought, that the Garrison of Thermis, after they had surrendered the place, was conducted to Athens, to the number of an hundred and fifty men. On the 17th. two Morta● were placed at the head of the trenches 〈◊〉 they made no more use of he Battery o● the Mount Palamida, there being no nee● of Bombs now the greatest part of th● Houses were ruined. On the 18th. th● Galleys were sent for fresh Water an● Forage. While they were advancing their Works on the 19th. they perceived a grea● number of Tents which the Turks ha● pitched in the same place where Count C●ningsmark had defeated them some day before, which obliged Signior Morosini 〈◊〉 reinforce the Guard of the Lines with the Forces of the eight Men of War brought by Signior Pisani. He thought it also a matter of importance to the good success of the Siege, to guard that Arm of the Sea by which the Serasquier might have communication with the City; and for that design he ordered Monsieur Bragadin to advance with three Galleys besides four Feluques well armed, commanded by Chevalier Morel. On the 20th. the besieged made a sally, but retired at the besiegers first firing, three of their men being killed, and others wounded: They would have seconded this salled by a large Detachment of Horse, but they also retired without fight. The Works having been advanced to the foot of the Counterscarp, on the 21st. all necessary Preparations were made for a descent into the Ditch. On the 22d. the Turks detached a thousand Horse and Foot, buy they retired on the first motion the Saxon and Brunswick Forces made towards them. On the same day arrived an English Vessel with Men and Ammunition. The 23d. the Enemy made a Salley from their Camp, but after some light Skirmishes, presently retired. The Besiegers endured great Fatigues, being necessitated to be at their Arms Night and Day by reason of these continual Skirmishes. On the 24th. they fell to undermine one side of the Counterscarp. The 25th. the Galleys were sent to get Forage for the Cavalry about ten miles from the place. The 26th. after they had made their descent to the Ditch, they began to work at the Galleries; it was a piece of Work that proved fatal to the Major of the Battalion of Malta, who was killed on this occasion by a Musquet-shot, as Chevalier Alcenago, Major General, had been some days before, viewing the Ditch. The Sersquier advanced nearer the Besiegers, which hindered the besieged from desiring a Capitulation, notwithstanding the great consternation the whole Town was in; they were animated by his presence, and making no doubt of being relieved, they wrought at their Retrenchments that they might defend themselves in case the Besiegers should make so considerable a Breach as to venture on an Assault. On the 27th. Monsieur Venier returned with the rest of his Squadron.  
The Generalissimo saw his Army very much impaired, several Officers being dead of their Distempers, many others were disabled, and therefore, since a longer Siege could not but be very disadvantageous to him, he resolved to go and attack the Serasquier afresh; and for that purpose, on the 28th. he made a great Detachment of Soldiers from his Vessels, Seamen, and Volunteers, to make his Forces seem the more numerous. But on the 29th. at break of day the Serasquier prevented him, coming in person at the head of ten thousand men to attack the Lines; he presently made himself Master of an Eminence which commanded part of the Camp; and there being but one Squadron to guard that side, he made them give ground, and fell most furiously on the Battalion of Malta, which not only stood firm, but repulsed the Turks with such vigour, that they were forced to turn back, and regain their Hill: Two Battalions of the Saxons, and those of Brunswick, commanded by Count Coningsmark, marched against them, and charged them with the greatest Courage and Bravery imaginable. The Generalissimo caused his grand Detachment from the Ships and Galleys, to advance, having first given all necessary orders for the safety of the Camp, and having placed himself at the head of some select Forces, he charged the Enemies, whom this fresh supply and the other Forces that came from the Seaside, had so terrified, that whatever their Officers could do, tho' they threatened them with their Swords in their Hands, and in effect killed some, could not stop the others from flying. The Battle lasted seven hours, and was very obstinate on both sides. The Infidels left fourteen hundred of their men dead on the Field, and there were but three hundred killed or wounded on the Christians side. The Defeat of the Serasquier being made known to the Besieged, by the joyful shouts of the Army in their return to the Camp, and the Standards they had taken from the Infidels, on the tops of which they had fixed the Heads of those they had slain in the Battle, it was now no time to consider what was to be done. The Governor sent three Deputies to the General's Galley, who granted them, that the Garrison should go out with their Arms and Baggage; That ten days should be allowed them to embark, and that they should have a Convoy to Tenedos. The next day the Capitulation was adjusted, the Turks put the Castle into the hands of the Generalissimo, and sent Hostages without receiving any from him. The 31. Signior Morosini, attended by the Pope's Galleys, with those of Florence and Malta, went into the Town, and there gave necessary orders. On the first of September it was under derliberation, whether or no they should pursue the Serasquier, but he himself took away the ground of that Consult, by retiring to Argos on the first tidings he had of the Surrender of the place. There were found in the Castle seventeen Brass Cannon, seven of Iron, and one Mortar; in the City, an hundred piece of Cannon, with great store of Ammunition and Provisions. There was great and solemn rejoicing at Venice for the taking of this important place; the Doge attended by all the Noblemen assisted at the Te Deum, which was sung in the Ducal Church of St. Mark, where (as a token of extraordinary Joy) the Standard of the Morea was exposed, which till now had not been unfolded in the space of these last hundred years. The great Services Signior Morosini had for some years performed for the Republic, deserving a signal Recompense, the Senate intending to confer upon him a perpetual mark of Honour, made a Decree, that himself, his Brother, and all the eldest Sons of the Family, should for ever be Knights, and should enjoy all the Honours that attend that Dignity. The Senate being also desirous to pay some marks of their acknowledgements to Count Coningsmark, who, during the whole Siege, had done all that might be expected from his known Courage and Conduct, it was ordered, that he should be presented with a Gold Basin to the value of six thousand Ducats.  
After the Capitulation, according to which the Garrison and Inhabitants of the place were to be conveyed to Tenedos, the richest of the Turks asked leave of the Bassa to put their best Effects on board the Vessel where he with all his Family was to embark, believing that there they would be best secured. The Bassa consented to their requests, without permitting them to come on board themselves. When they had set sail, he caused the Pilot to steer his Course towards Venice, with design to ask the Protection of the Republic, being accompanied by his Brothers and the Governor of Chielifa, they were accordingly taken into Protection; and while they kept their Quarantane in the Hospital, Lodgings were provided for them in the Seminary of Noblemen. It was thought that the secret Correspondence Signior Morosini held with this Bassa, did more contribute to the surrender of Napoli di Romania, than all the Bombs and Carcases that had been employed against it. But this is most certain, that by this Conquest more than sixty Villages were brought under the Dominion of the Republic; Athens and many other places redeemed themselves from plunder by submitting to an annual Tribute, and offering a considerable Sum in hand.  
Signior Proveditor of Dalmatia having disappointed the Designs of the Bassa of Scutari, was resolved himself to make some attempt on the Turks; the 19th. of September he marched towards the Fortress of Sing with the Pince of Parma, General of the Infantry, and the Count St. Paul They led up two thousand Foot which they had drawn out of the Garrisons, six hundred of the regulated Forces, with a great number of Morlaques, both Horse and Foot, and brought with them four Mortars, and three Field-pieces: they were to pass through narrow and rugged ways; but they overcame that difficulty, and in three days march arrived before the place where they distributed the Posts. The Batteries being made ready, they began to fire, and General Cornaro sent to summon the besieged: the answer was; The Christians should remember they had ineffectually attacked that place the year before, and had be forced to raise the Siege with shame and loss; and as for themselves, they were furnished with great store of all necessaries to make a good defence; That they had now good reason to believe they should have the same success; the Bassa of Ertzegovine was but one days march from the place, who would certainly relieve them if occasion were. The haughtiness of their Answer was accompanied by an action of the like nature, for they shot the man that had been sent to summon them (who was a relation of Chevalier Janco) and by his Death confirmed their intentions. General Cornaro used all diligence to advance the Works, and continued firing on the place without intermission. On the 28th. the Breach being wide enough, they made an assault, and notwithstanding the stout resistance they made, put the Besieged into disorder, and forced them to quit the Town, and retire into the Castle; the Besiegers attacked them there with incredible vigour, and after a Fight of above an hour they took it, and cut in pieces the Garrison which consisted of three hundred Turks: Most of their Heads were presented to General Cornaro, who ordered two Sequins a Head to be given to those that brought them. There was in the place a great Magazine of Ammunition, with eleven piece of Cannon. The Besiegers had forty men killed, and an hundred wounded in this Expedition. The General gave the Government of the place to Signior Boloni, and left there two hundred and fifty Foot, and a hundred Horse in Garrison; after which he returned to Spalatro, laden with Honour and Booty. The Conquest of Sing was of great Importance to the Venetians, for by it the Possession of a very rich Territory of above thirty Miles extent, was made sure to them. The season of the year being already much advanced, and the Snow beginning to fall in Dalmatia, the Pope's auxiliary Galleys, with those of Malta, having taken leave of the Generals, set sail towards Sicily; those of Tuscany arrived at Gallipoli the 22d. of September.  
The Turks sustained also many losses at Sea; some time before the Galleys of Malta and Captain Venier had given chase to several Turkish Vessels, had taken some, and so blocked up the Caravan in the Port of Scio, that it durst not venture out; but the Fight that happened at Sea betwixt seven Turkish Vessels, assisted by twenty Galleys of the Beiss, and Signior Venier, Captain extraordinary of the Venetian Vessels, was very much beyond these small advantages: The particulars of it are very remarkable, as well for the inequality of their Forces, as for the event of the Fight, which proved very successful to the Venetians, who in this action delivered many Christians, whom the Turks were carrying into Slavery. And thus it happened: Signior Venier, who was ordered to convey the Garrison of Napoli di Romania, having understood in his return, that some Turkish Vessels were cruising about Rhodes, he desired to be informed exactly where they were, and what was their number; it was told him there were but four, and no mention was made of the Galleys, either for that they had not been discovered, or that there was some Treachery in him that made the report. In the mean time the number that was told him, being in a manner, equal to his, which was of three Vessels, he resolved to fall on them, and advanced before the Wind. But having sent to view their number, he was surprised to hear it was so much greater than he had been told: He understood there were seven Vessels and twenty Galleys; and seeing so vast a disadvantage, he resolved to make back again, and endeavoured it; but the Wind that favoured his going forward, was against his retreat; the Infidels soon appeared, giving great shouts, as if they had been sure of the Victory Signior Venier, whom Discretion, no● Fear, had counselled to retreat, seeing i● too late to put that Design in execution prepared himself for the Fight. Th● Turks in the mean time advanced wit● great resolution; but Signior Venier fire● so briskly upon them, that he held the● in awe, and they would not venture al● that day to come closer up to him. Th● Night being come, the Fight ceased without any great advantage on either side; both employed this time to repair the damage they had received: The Day no● sooner appeared, but the Turks ashamed o● having no better succeeded with so great a● number, began the Fight afresh; Signior Venier not only bore their Onset, but attacked them himself as he saw occasion, especially after some of the Enemy's Canoniers were killed, which debarred them the use of their Cannon, and gave such advantage to Signior Venier, that he sunk some of their Vessels, and gave chase to the rest. The Infidels, who, during the Fight, had a particular care to keep the Slaves before mentioned, who were all in the same Vessel, were now forced to leave them to the Conqueror, who content with his victory, left off the pursuit, which, however, he could not well continue, his Vessel having lost this Mast. The Infidels were made happy in their misfortune, by a circumstance, without which not one of them had escaped, which was that some days before the Fight Signior Venier's Squadron had been dispersed by contrary Winds; had he had all his Vessels, 'tis easy to imagine how entire his Victory would have been; however 'tis to his great Honour that he came off so successfully in so dangerous a business.  
The Infidels did all they could in Dalmatia (especially since General Cornaro had taken Sing) to make some successful attempt upon the Christians. The Bassa of Ertzegovine drew together twelve thousand men, and marched into the Field at the head of them, but attempted no farther than to make some Incursions about Zara, and burn some Villages; 'tis true, he advanced under the Cannon of Sing, and gave some Alarm to the Governor, who had been advertised some days before, that the Bassa had intelligence with some of his Officers, so that it behoved him to be vigilant whilst he was in his Neighbourhood; but the true reason that this Bassa had taken the Field, was to put Ammunition in Clin, which he effected, though opposed by a Party.  
This Bassa, who is a daring man, gave some trouble to the Proveditor-General, who feared lest by the favour of the Ice, he would make some attempt upon the new Conquests; for which cause he promised great Rewards to the Morlaques, if they would continue firm to the Service of the Republic. But whatever he could do, some were found amongst them who had undertaken to kill Chevalier Janco their Commander, a man very much addicted to the Venetians, for which reason he was become odious to the Bassa, who had promised those Traitors a good Sum of Money, provided they brought him his Head; but he had notice of the Design time enough to prevent it. He caused one of the Villains to be seized, the other made his escape, well knowing no mercy was to be hoped after such a Crime. In the mean time the Proveditor General was uneasy under these Circumstances, and sent an Account to Venice of the Trouble he was in, and how necessary it was to send him some assistance. Thus ended the Campaigne in Dalmatia.  
In the mean time Signior Morosini, before he took his Winter Quarters, possessed himself of the Isle of Maxos in the Archipelago, a Conquest not very considerable in itself, (but the place being well fortified both by Situation and Art) it may be of ill Consequence to the Turks, which obliges the Christians to work there with great diligence; and there are already eight thousand Workmen sent thither, the Republic sparing no Cost either for that, or any other Expenses of the War. General Morosini, after he had been in the Archipelago, where the Turks trembled for fear, not thinking themselves safe in any Fortress, returned to Napoli di Romania, where the Deputies of Athens waited for him to know upon what terms they might be admitted into the Protection of the Republic, desiring to do it by a voluntary Contribution, notwithstanding that the Infidels threatened to complain at Constantinople of their proceeding, as contrary to the obedience they owed the Grand Signior, and to destroy all by Fire and Sword, rather than consent.  
Since we cannot too well know the brave, especially those who have taken upon them to fight, during their lives, for the Christian Faith, I suppose the Reader will not be offended that I present him with a List sent from Malta, containing the Names of all the Knights that made their Campaign this year 1686. in the Venetian Army, and of whom the formidable Battalion of Malta is composed. The Lis● of the Officers follows at the end of the Book.   

THE HISTORY OF THE Venetian Conquests, etc. The Fourth Book.  
THE Forces of Dalmatia were not idle even in the Winter, but made continual Incursions into the Enemy's Country, the severity of the Season not being enough to make them observe any kind of Truce or Cessation. The Inhabitants and Garrison of Santo Stephano surprised the Town of Antivari, all that opposed them were put to the Sword; and having brought together all the Booty which consisted of Money, Movables, and Plate, and of nine hundred head of , they retired with it to their Quarters. The Ships of the Republic which were cruising in the Archipelago, took six more of the Turkish Vessels which were laden with Provision from Ægypt, and bound for Constantinople, where both the Plague and Famine did rage.  
Signior Perastino, Captain of a Vessel named, Our Lady of Mountaigne, arriving at the Port of Suda to take in Provisions and fresh Water, Signior Alvise Marcello, Proveditor Extraordinary, desired him to take in Water at Seignet near Canea, himself having no more than was necessary for the subsistence of his Garrison. He advanced on the side of Porto Nuovo, with eighteen Seamen, having a Convoy of fifty eight men to attend him by the order of the Proveditor. Ali Cubi, Governor of Canea, having notice of it from the Inhabitants of Cisterna, sent immediately Ali Bey with eighteen Horse to view the Christians; the Ali having discovered them, retired to Cisterna; the Inhabitants dispatched a second Courier to the Bassa of Canea, who made a second Detachment of threescore men. These two Detachments being joined, yet durst not attack the Venetians, who had entrenched themselves at Citro, and were all armed with Muskets to receive the Infidels. The Bassa having been informed of it by a third Courier, resolved to go himself at the head of a Detachment of four hundred Horse and Foot, scorning that a handful of Men should thus brave him. But his Son having dissuaded him from that Enterprise, took it upon himself, and marched towards them with a design to break through them. They were received by the Venetians with Musquet-shot: The Fight was long and bloody, both sides encountering with equal vigour. The Bassa's Son attacked the Christians several times with all the fury of a Commander, resolved to conquer in despite of Fortune; yet the Turks were at last forced to retreat by the favour of the Night, with the loss of many men: There were an hundred wounded, of which number was the Bassa's Son, who died in a few hours; his Horse and Sword were taken and sent to General Morosini. This Bassa's Son was Nephew to the Sultan lately deposed, about five and twenty years of Age; he showed in this Action a Courage and Conduct above his years: His Father was so enraged at this ill success, that he imprisoned the second Ali Bey, threatening to be revenged on him for the Death of his Son.  
In the mean time the Turks, to keep their Forces in heart, resolved to besiege Sing in Dalmatia, endeavouring to persuade them, that on the event of this Siege depended the Success of the whole Campaigne. In effect they invested the place with twenty thousand men commanded by the Bassa's of Bossine and Ertzegovine, and twenty six piece of Cannon, with some Mortars, which they divided in three Batteries. They thought themselves so sure of carrying the Town, that the next day after they came before it, they sent away eight thousand men to attempt to enter into the Province of Zoga. The Marquis Borri, General of the Battalia, and Governor of the place, writ to General Cornaro as soon as he found himself besieged, that he wanted neither Men nor Provisions, and that he was the more resolute to defend it, in that he hoped he should in a short time be relieved. Signior Cornaro was overjoyed to hear this resolution, yet did not in the mean time neglect to send a Reinforcement of men who got into the place, notwithstanding the vigilance of the Enemy. In the mean time the Turks with twelve thousand men that remained, attacked a Rondel, and made three assaults one after another, in all which they were repulsed. The Garrison made several Sallies with so good success, that they cut off the Heads of above an hundred Turks, and placed them on the Walls to give terror to the rest. The Turks seeing themselves so mistaken in their measures, having remanded their Detachment, sent to summon the Governor, and to terrify him, they let him know that no quarter should be given, unless he surrendered; that the relief he might pretend to expect, was at so great a distance, that the place would be taken before it could come: They bid him consider of it; but the best advice they could give him, was to provide for his affairs in good time. The Governor having received this Compliment, gave them for answer, That if either Party had reason to fear, it must certainly be themselves; That they were deluded by false hopes; That they might have inferred from the resistance he had already made, that it would not be easy for them to succeed in their design; That if instead of giving him advice, they would receive any from him, he advised them in good earnest not to persist in so vain an attempt; That he would have them know, that General Cornaro was on his march to relieve him; and that to avoid a greater disgrace, they would do well to retire, and make no longer stay there. This Answer making them understand they had no fearful man to deal with, they continued the Siege, but with so little success, that at the end of three Weeks they were no farther advanced than on the first day. In the mean time the brave resistance of the besieged having given time to General Cornaro to draw together his Forces, who were yet in their Quarters, he marched to their relief. The Proveditor Zenocia, General of the Horse, joined him with eighteen hundred men, and Chevalier Janco brought him a thousand Morlaques, which altogether made up fourteen thousand men. General Zenocia commanded the Cavalry, General San Paolo the Foot, and General Cornaro the whole Body of the Army. They arrived on the 22d. of April to a place called Lism, not far from the Enemy's Camp, where they made a halt; two hundred men were sent to a Hill to give notice to the Besieged of the approach of Relief, by a Volley; at the noise of which the Infidels came to view the Christians, and found the whole Army was on its march to make them raise the Siege. The Turks would not stay their coming up, though they were the greater number. They prepared for their retreat on the 23. of April in the Evening, by sending away their Cannon and Baggage, which was followed by the Foot and Horse. The Besieged at the same time made a Salley, charged those that stayed last in the Trenches, and filled up their Works. The Enemies during the Siege, and in their retreat, lost above three and twenty hundred men, and some Officers of several stations. In the mean time Chevalier Janco, who was gone before with his Morlaques, was surprised to see that the Turks had raised the Siege in such haste, and that their Horse had already gained the Bridge of Cettina. He entered their Camp, where he found some Barrels of Powder, some Swords, and one piece of Cannon, which the Enemies had left, having first nailed it. The 24th. General Cornaro entered into the Town, being extremely well satisfied with the vigorous resistance the Garrison had made, and gave a thousand Commendations to Marquis Borri, and the other Officers who had signallized themselves on this occasion. The Senate being advertised of it, caused considerable Presents to be made them, and the Soldiers had each of them a piece of money. On the 25th. Te Deum was sung. On the 26th. the General retired to Spalatro, having first given necessary Orders for the reparation of the place, and the Forces returned to their Quarters.  
The Bassa of Ertzegovine being next, that he could not succeed in his Enterprise, took his revenge for that disgrace by wasting the Territory of Trau, reaped the Harvest, and carried away all the Corn. This Bassa gathered together three thousand men more, and marched towards the Fort of Opusch, a little place situate on the River Narenta, with design to attack it. He flattered himself with the thought, that he need no more than show himself to gain the place; but the Governor of the place had very different Sentiments, instead of opening the Gates to him, as he expected, he represented to his little Garrison, that a glorious Death was better than a shameful Servitude, which was all could be expected, if they surrendered on discretion, and that they would not die without sacrificing a great number of the Infidels. Signior Cornaro having notice of this, thought himself obliged without delay to second the good resolution of the Besieged; for this purpose he commanded some Forces of that side to march, and sent orders to Chevalier Janco to be there with the Morlaques, three Galleys, and some other Vessels to transport the Forces. This march, and the resolution of the Besieged, obliged the Bassa to retire, not being willing to engage himself farther in an attempt which was like to prove as vain as that of Sing had been. But the Morlaques not content to have disappointed their Enemy's Designs, surprised the Suburbs of Dumno, and several Villages of that Country, which they pillaged and burnt: The Booty they carried away, consisted of many Prisoners, with a great number of Sheep and .  
During this time the Pirates of Dulcigno went on shore in the Territories of the Republic, and carried many away into Slavery, and amongst others, the Governor of Citta-Nova, with all his Family. Some Vessels were commanded out to cut them off in their return, but could not light on these Pirates.  
Count Coningsmark had showed much Experience, Courage and Conduct in the Service of the Republic. The King of Suedes, who had a value for him, having remanded him, the Doge writ the following Letter to his Majesty, which here you have in the same terms as it came from Stockholm.  
To the most Illustrious and most Potent Prince, Charles, by the Grace of God, King of the Suedes, Goths, and Vandals, etc. Marco Antonio Giustiniani, by the same Grace, Duke of Venice, sends greeting, and wisheth all Happiness.  
GEneral Coningsmark, has shown so particular good Conduct, and given such Proofs of his Experience in the Campaigns which have been made in the Levant, with Success happy and advantageous to the Service of all Christendom, that, in the Design which is now on foot, for the common good of Christianity, a great share of the Glory, that may be expected from it, is due to to him. His singular merit shines forth with so much brightness, that its Rays are reflected on your Majesty, who so generously condescend to yield us a Subject adorned with such excellent Qualities. We receive great Services from him, of which your Majesty is pleased to deprive yourself, to let us have the benefit of them in this juncture of time so favourable for the pulling down, and bringing to nothing the insupportable Pride of the barbarous Ottomans. Since than we have stood in need of his support, since we have demanded and obtained it, and more than once felt the good effects of it, we confide in your Majesty, that to complete our happiness, you will be pleased of your wont goodness, to permit the said Count (as we earnestly entreat him) to continue in the employment he discharges with so much Glory and Applause: Your Majesty's ardent Zeal joined to your Heroic Courage, will show itself with so much the greater lustre, since by this means you will make it appear, that you have so great a consideration for the Glory of God, and Interest of our holy Faith, that you take them more to heart than all other Affairs of the World; you will put an Obligation upon us, which shall always be preserved in memory, and acknowledged by us upon all occasions with the deepest resentments of Gratitude and Respect. To conclude, we wish your Majesty long life, perfect Health and Success to all your desires.  
Given at our Ducal Palace the 17th. of March 1687. Signed Giovanni Baptista Nicolosi, Secretary.  
The Plague, with which many Cantons of the Morea were infected, was the cause that the Venetians entered late into action. The Turks who were resolved to keep on the defensive part, might have made great progress on that side by opposing their Enemies with equal numbers, since the Pope's Galleys, those of Malta, and of Tuscany came not to the assistance of the Venetians, by reason of the apprehension they had of the Plague; but all proved quite contrary, and there was something so surprising and wonderful in the good success the Christians met with in the Morea, that upon due reflection, it seems almost incredible; the good understanding that was between the Generals, did not a little contribute to it, who, though sometimes of different Sentiments, yet were always united in the same methods by the consideration of the public good, as may appear by what follows.  
A little before the Naval Army went from Climno, a Turkish Aga put himself under the Protection of the Republic, who reported that the Infidels had an Army consisting of twelve thousand choice men, who were encamped near Patras, and another of six thousand near Misitra. The Venetians on the other side, had but seven thousand Foot, twelve hundred Dragoons, and about the same number of Sclavonians. The Pope's Forces, and those of Malta and Tuscany, not having joined them for fear of the Plague, made a diminution of three thousand men.  
The Commanders of the Venetian Army, were Generalissimo Morosini, Count Coningsmark, who was happily recovered of a hurt he received by the kicking of a Horse, and a Fever that was caused by it; Prince Maximilian William of Brunswick and Lunenburg, General, who was newly arrived with a Reinforcement of some fresh Regiments; and Lieutenant General D' Avila, who notwithstanding his great Age, was very vigorous.  
Under the Conduct of these Commanders, the Army left Climno the 20th. of July towards the Evening, and by the favour of the Wind, were the next day in the Morning near Patras; some were sent immediately to view the Dardanels that guard the mouth of the Gulf of Lepante, and observe whether they might land their Forces there; but they perceived that the Enemies had made Retrenchments all along the Coast. The same day in the Evening they went to the other side of the Gulf, but found that the Enemy expected to be attacked on that side, and that they had divided their Army into four Camps; one being above Patras, another on the midway between Patras and the Dardanels, the third on the farther side of the Castle of Romelia, and the fourth on the nearer side of the Castle of Morea. The Gulf of Lepante has four Rocks. The Ionian Sea runs into it by a mouth formed by two Promontories which shoot themselves on each side into the Sea; that which is in the Morea is called Capo Antirio; it is guarded by a Castle which is called indifferently the Castle of Patras, or of Morea. The other which is in Achaia, is called Capo Rione; it has also a Fortress called the Castle of Romelia. These Castles are commonly called the Dardanels of Lepant. They are of a Square form, and have good Walls, with Batteries near the surface of the Water.  
On the 22d. at break of Day they landed on the right hand of Patras, about the distance of two French Leagues from the Fortress, and a quarter of a League from the Turks Retrenchments. This landing was made without any opposition, and it was said afterwards by the Prisoners, that the Serasquier suffered it on purpose, being resolved upon this occasion to conquer or die. The Christians being posted along the Sea-Coast, about an hundred Turkish Horse came up and charged the Hanover Forces, but were vigorously repulsed with the loss of twenty men, there being but two of the Christians killed, and seven wounded. The next day a Council of War was held to debate what way was to be taken to attack the Enemies in their Camp, or force them to Battle. The way by land was very bad, and there was a Wood to pass of near a League and a half, so that that was judged impossible; it was found equally dangerous to go by Sea, the Passage being very narrow, and the Enemy expecting to be attacked on that side, had placed there a Battery of some Cannon; this made them resolve to go round the Wood, and attack the Enemy behind; which resolution the Generalissimo could hardly be induced to approve, thinking their march would be at too great a distance from the Sea; but when Count Coningsmark had sent him an Approbation of it, signed by all the Generals and Colonels, he agreed to it.  
They marched in the Evening, having made Provision for some days, they left the Mountains on their right hand, and the Wood and the Sea on their left. They met with some very rugged ways in their march, and so narrow that they could not pass two a breast; from whence it may be judged with how much difficulty they brought on the Artillery, which was done by those of the Galleys. Signior Sanudo, Captain of the Gulf, had passed the Dardanels on the 23d. in the Evening to cut off the Communication between the Turkish Camps; and on the 24th. about Noon the Christian Army appeared before the Enemy in very good order, the forces of Hanover being for the greatest part on the right Wing, and the whole Army drawn up in a square Body.  
The Enemy presently marched out of the Trenches with ten thousand Foot, and four thousand Horse, and gave the first Volley, though at some distance; the Cavalry with their Swords in their hands, charged the Venetians on the left Wing, but Count Coningsmark advanced with his Squadrons, and all the Cavalry commanded by the Marquis of Courbon, who was very well seconded by Viscount de Turenne, so that the Turks meeting there with so strong resistance, turned all their Forces on the right Wing; there were amongst them two thousand Janissaries, each of whom had been regaled by the Serasquier with five and twenty Reals, and a promise of as much more after the Victory. The three old Regiments of Hanover made the Front and Flank of the right Wing, and those newly come, the main Body. They let their Enemies advance within ten paces distance, which made them attempt to hue down with their Swords the Chevaux de Frisei, but were repulsed by such thick Volleys of Musquet-shot, that all their Efforts were in vain, though they several times renewed the Charge; so that after they had lost a great number of their men, the Serasquier himself being wounded, and the Bassa of Vallona killed on the place, the rest were forced to fly, and were hotly pursued by the Dragoons and Sclavonians. Count Coningsmark observing that the Forces of Hanover so well performed their Duty, and that they appeared as void of fear as in their usual Exercises, could not but declare aloud, that he doubted not of Victory, since he saw those Forces in the place of greatest danger. He commended in public before the Generalissimo, the undaunted Courage the Prince of Hanover had shown both in this Action and past Campaigns, his Forces having been very much encouraged by his brave Example. There were found in the Field above an hundred Turks killed, most of them on the side of the right Wing: About a thousand paces within the Wood, there had been above five hundred Turks slain, and a like number of wounded in the Camp; on the rest of the way through which they fled, there were found near an hundred more of these Infidels killed or wounded, without reckoning those that straggled, and were destroyed elsewhere, which in all might make near two thousand men, the ●rest having escaped and passed the Mountains in disorder. Of the Hanover Forces there were but thirty lost. Amongst the Officers, Lieutenant Butler of the Regiment of Rangrafe, was killed, and Captain Rabe, who was there as a Volunteer, received three dangerous Wounds in the Arm. A Colonel of the Sclavonians was killed and his loss very much resented, he being a man of singular merit. The Serasquier's great Standard was taken with ten others. The Tents had most of them been raised and carried away from the Camp, but there were found six pieces of Artillery, some Wagons laden with Ammunition and Baggage, and a great number of Horses and Arms: They took also fourteen Galleys which the Turks had left in the Gulf.  
The Garrison of Patras having seen this defeat, and that Captain Negro was advancing towards them with some Volunteers, quitted the place with all the Artillery and Ammunition that was in it. Patras is a very ancient City, and the Seat of an Archbishop; its situation is convenient for Traffic and Navigation. It takes up seven hundred paces of the Gulf of Patras, where the Port of Panormo is. In the time of Augustus the Inhabitants were Citizens of Rome: There are at this time many Jews, who make it a place of Trade, and it is the only place of these Coasts, where the Greeks of the neighbouring Islands, the English and the French are wont to traffic. It was a Duchy in time of the Despots, but those Princes finding themselves too weak to defend it, sold it to the Venetians in the year 1408. the Turks took it from them in 1463. In 1533. Doria besieged it and took it; a little time after he made sure his Conquest by the reduction of the Fortress that commands it, which surrendered itself, though it had formerly held out against a powerful Army of the Emperor Constantinus Palaeologus. The next year the Turks returned and expelled the Venetians.  
In the mean time Bassa Mehemet, who was with six thousand men near the Castle of Romelia, fled also with the Garrison of the place, having first blown up part of it. Guisulderem Mahemet, who was near the Castle of Morea, did the same, having discovered the Venetian Galleys early in the Morning making towards the place from the Dardanels; but what is most surprising is, that the City of Lepante, which is very strong, surrendered itself without resistance at the first discovery they made from far of the Venetians Naval Army. The Garrison went away with as much as every Soldier could carry on his back. The Generalissimo entered the place, and set up the Standard of the Republic. Lepant is an Archbishop's See; it is built all round a Hill, on the top of which is the Fortress, surrounded with four thick Walls divided from each other by the Valleys where the Houses of the Inhabitants stand. The Haven is of five hundred paces, the mouth of it fifty, and the Channel is not deep. However the famous Pirate Darach Bey harboured there formerly with his Galleys. There have been four Temples consecrated, to Neptune, Venus, Æsculapius, and Diana: There are at present seven Mosques, two Churches for the Greeks, and three Synagogues for the Jews. There are on the East-side near the Sea abundance of fine Springs which afford Water to the Mills for Powder used by those that dress Spanish Leather, the Trade of the Inhabitants being in that Powder. These Springs afterwards gliding on at the Foot of twelve great Plane trees, form a place of much delight, and then supply a great many curious Gardens with their Waters; their Banks are beautified with Citron, Limmon and Orange trees; the Territory produces excellent Wine. In the year 1408. Lepant was under the Imperial Seat of Constantinople, but Emanuel, who then ruled, not finding himself strong enough to defend the place, put it into the hands of the Republic, the Venetians put it into a Condition of making a good defence. In 1475. it was besieged by thirty thousand Turks, who having battered it during the space of four months, in vain, were forced to raise the Siege. But in the year 1498. Bajazet the second attacked it at the head of 150000. men, and took it.  
It seems almost incredible that the Venetians should gain all these Advantages in the space of four and twenty hours, but it is certain they won the Battle, and gained these four important Fortresses in less than a day and a half, viz. from the Morning of the 23d. of July, to ten of the Clock the next day. They found in the Camp, and the places the Turks had quitted, one hundred forty five piece of Artillery, and in the Gulf of Lepant, several Galleys, Galleasses, and other Vessels charged with Provisions, and some Christians whom they immediately set at liberty.  
It happened some days before the action last mentioned, that Polani the Proveditor of Zarnata, detached two thousand men, who were joined by a thousand more from the Proveditor of Coron; they encamped within two leagues of the Town of Larithene, their aim being to surprise it, which the Serasquier understanding, he sent out an hundred and fifty Horse to view the Christians Camp. The Mainotts intercepted their passage, and advanced up to the Town; the Garrison sallied out, to attack this handful of Mainotts; the other three thousand being come up, those of Larithene, endeavoured to save themselves in the Town, but the others entered Pellmell with them, and pillaged the Town, giving quarter to none but four hundred persons whom they made Slaves.  
After Signior Morosini had sent an account of these Progresses to the Republic, it was ordered by them in full Senate, That the Arms of this most illustrious General should be set up in the great Council Hall, and that Count Coningsmark's annual Pension should be increased six thousand Ducats. At the same time a Present of four thousand Ducats was assigned to the Prince of Hanover, and a Sword of two thousand to Viscount Turene; the Marquis of Courbon's pay was increased two thousand Ducats by giving him the place of Serjeant-General of the Battalia; and proportionable acknowledgements were made to all those who had had the Honour to signalise themselves.  
The first care the Generalissimo took after his new Conquests, was, not only to give solemn thanks to God, but to cause all the Churches to be reconsecrated, which had been used by the Infidels for Mosques. These Churches were dedicated under the Name of several Saints, and given to several religious Orders; at Patras one was consecrated to the Immaculate Conception, and given to the Coventual Friars; another situate in the Suburbs, was dedicated to Saint Andrew, who (by the Report of several Authors) had there suffered Martyrdom under the Proconsul Ægeus; it was given to the discalced Carmelites. The Mosque of Lepant was consecrated anew under the name of Saint James, that City being reduced under the obedience of the Venetians on the Feast day of that Saint. Signior Morosini after he had provided for the Government of the Church, took into his consideration the Government of the Places he had taken, and named all necessary Officers, to the end that the People being furnished with all things, might enjoy that peace and rest which had long been unknown to them. Signior Girolamo Priuli was made Governor of Patras, and Signior Pietro Grioni, Lieutenant; Signior Tadeo Gradenigo, Governor of Lepant; and Marquis Messulipa, Lieutenant; Signior Marco Barbarigo, Governor of the Castle of Morea; and Signior Girolamo Tepolo, Lieutenant: that of Romelia had for Governor, Signior Alvise Sagredo till further orders. Signior Morosini sent to summon the Castle Tornese, which is a Fortress near the Province of Belvedere, between the Gulf of Chiarenza and that of Arcadia; it is built upon an eminence about three miles distant from the Sea. The Aga who was there, made no resistance, but desired to capitulate, and after the first Summons quitted the place; it was the sole defence of two hundred Villages and Forts in that most fruitful part of the Morea; all which submitted themselves; an hundred and fifty Turks that desired it, received Baptism, the rest retired towards Achaia. There were found in Castle-Tornese nine piece of Brass Cannon, and twenty of Iron.  
The Serasquier, after the loss of Patras, retired to Corinth with the remnant of his Army, and Signior Morosini being desirous to complete his Victory, and at the same time let the Serasquier see he had both Courage and Strength enough to take that place whither he had retired with all his Forces, made towards the Gulf of Corinth with his Fleet, augmented now with fourteen Galeots which had been taken under the Castles of Lepant; in the mean time Count Coningsmark on his part advanced thither by land.  
The Serasquier having heard of this march, and not finding among the four thousand men he had, resolution enough to defend themselves, fell into such a despair, that he caused fire to be set to the Magazines of Powder and Victuals, and to some Houses in the City and Out-town, and blew up some part of the Fortifications, and then took his flight towards Thebes, and so quitted the Morea. He sent Orders before to the Governors of some Fortresses to set fire to them, and join him with their Garrisons and Baggage in the craggy Mountains of Thebes, there to wait for relief from Constantinople. He burned, destroyed, and killed all the Greeks he found in his way, because they seemed not disposed to make such opposition to the Venetians as he expected; to which he added, That they were the cause of all the ill success of the War; but those of that Nation being provoked by such barbarous usage, killed two thousand of his men, and made four hundred Prisoners.  
As they drew nearer to Corinth, they perceived afar off the rest of the Turkish Cavalry on their flight, and the City appeared on fire; but it was quenched before it consumed all the Magazines, and there was found great store of Victuals and Ammunition, besides six and forty Brass Cannon, and four of Iron. The chief of the Grecians who were come out of the City to meet the Venetians, fell at the feet of the Generalissimo in the name of the rest of the Inhabitants, and told him there were no Turks in the place, but that they believed some of them were at Misitra. A great Detachment was placed in Garrison at Corinth; two Companies in the Citadel, from whence a like number of the Turks were fled, and there the Standard of St. Mark was set up: Signior Morosini viewed the place, and provided all things they might stand in need of; he received the submission of the Metropolitan, and many other Bishops and Priests. They showed to the Venetians the Mount Parnassus, the Fountain of Helicon, and that of Pirene so celebrated by Homer; a Statue of Janus found in the Suburbs of Corinth, the Tomb of Diogenes, the Ruins of the Temple of Minerva, and several other pieces of Antiquity, as also the marks of the Wall built by the Venetians in the year 1463. to enclose the Isthmus of Corinth. Lewis Loredan General at Sea, having landed his Forces to join them with those of Bertold d' Este, and employ them jointly on this Work; thirty thousand Workmen were set to it, who in the space of fifteen days finished it, adding to it double Ditches, and an hundred thirty six Towers. This Work was called Examilion by reason of its length, which was six miles; in the middle of it, as soon as it was finished, an Altar was prepared, and the whole Army heard Mass there. This Country was famous for the Isthmian Games, the Temple of Neptune, and the Forest of Pines, of whose Branches Crowns were made for the Champions.  
There are few places mentioned in Antiquty that has suffered more remarkable changes of Fortune, or been oftener ruined than Corinth. It is near the middle of the Isthmus where the Ægean and Ionian Sea meet; its situation is so commodious, that it has been called the Eye of Greece, and Bulwark of Peloponnesus. It was, according to Plutarch, the chief City of all Greece; and Cicero said it was the Beauty and Glory of it. It was destroyed by the Romans under the Consul Memnius, and rebuilt by Augustus; it has been ruined by Amurath the second, and by his Son Mahomet; it has furnished the Church with a great number of Saints. St. Paul remained there eighteen Months, and we read in the Holy Scripture two Epistles writ by him to the Inhabitants of this place, whom he had converted: They separated themselves from the Communion of the Church under the Greek Emperors. Corinth was besieged in the time of the Emperor Emanuel, by Roger the Normand, King of Naples, and relieved by the Venetians. About two hundred years after it fell under the Dominion of the Despots of Greece, who returned it into the hands of the Venetians. Mahomet II. next made himself Master of it; it has had thirteen Kings in the time of the first dynasty, which began by Lelex, first King of the Lacedæmonians, and ended with Tisamenes, Son of Orestes, their thirteenth King, whom Procles and Euristhenes, Sons of Aristodemus and Argia, drove out; they were Twins, and reigning together in Lacedaemon, made the second dynasty: Their Posterity reigned in the same manner divided into two Families Royal, the 〈◊〉 of the Agides, or Euristhenides, who were the most famous and had One and thirty Kings; the other of the Proclides or Euripontides, who had but Twenty four.  
The Citadel of Corinth, of which we have spoken, is called Acro-Corinth; it is a Castle built on the top of a high Hill, and was formerly thought impregnable, Art and Nature seeming to have contended to make it strong.  
The Generalissimo knowing there was yet remaining a great Body of Turks in Misitra, made a great Detachment of his regulated Forces and the Mainots, and sent them thither under the Command of Signior Polani. At their first appearing before the Place, the white Flag was hung out, and the Governor sent four Deputies to the Generalissimo, to desire the Garrison might have free Passage, but they were answered, That unless the Town would pay Two hundred thousand Piastres he would put all the Inhabitants from the age of Eighteen to Fifty into the Galleys, and that he would let none go but Women and those that were aged.  
Misitra is a City so considerable that it deserves a particular Description: Nothing was more celebrated amongst the Ancients than the Names of Lacedaemon and Sparta. This City that now bears the name of Misitra was once called by both those names; the first upon the account of Lacedaemon who succeeded Lelex, the other from Queen Sparta, Daughter of the same Lacedaemon and Europa; though some Authors are of opinion, that his last name was given by Spartus Son of Phoroneus King of Argos, who was its first Founder. It's Circumference has anciently been Forty eight Stades; the ground it stands on is part plain and part rising: The Mount Taygetus Commands it; but what is most to be admired, is, that this City preserved itself Eight hundred years, without Fortifications, against the frequent Attempts of all its Enemies, and that it no sooner had Walls but it grew less Prosperous, and oftener changed its Master. It's Latitude is 35 Degrees 26 Minute: This City is divided into four Parts, the Castle, the new Town, the middle Suburbss and the out Suburbs; this last is separated from the other Parts by the Vasili Potamos, over which there is a Bridge for Communication; the Castle is situate on an Eminence which bears the form of a Sugar Loaf: there are several Cisterns of Water, and in the middle of it a Mosque, which was formerly a Church of the Christians; the Situation of it is so advantageous, that all Historians agree it was never taken by force, though it has been briskly assaulted by the Venetians, and by Mahomet the Second. The Despots caused it to be built about the time when the Grecian Empire began to decay: Authors are not agreed concerning the Foundation of Lacedaemon; but according to the Calculation of Father Petau, it might be 3422. years since this City was built; and so it will be more ancient than Carthage, Siracuse, Alexandria, Lions, or Marseilles, which are reputed the most ancient Cities of the World. The Despot Theodore in the Year 1405. sold Sparta and Corinth to Phillibert de Naillac, Prior of Aquitain, and Great Master of Rhodes, but the Treaty was without effect: Theodore left this City to his Nephew of his own Name, Son to the Emperor Emanuel. This Theodore the Second married an Italian Lady, of the House of Malatesta, by which means the Title of Duke of Sparta fell to that Family; he succeeded his Brother John in the Empire of Constantinople, and placed his youngest Son Constantine on the Throne of Sparta, which fell at last to the share of Prince Demetrius, from whom it was taken by Mahomet the Second in 1460. and 3200. years after its Foundation. Benedetto Colleone took this City in 1473. but by his death was prevented from taking the Castle. This City was under the Republque from the time of the Doge Henrico Dandolo; and Writers agree not about the time that it was taken from the Venetians.  
In the mean time the Albanians and Morlaques of the Morea pursued the Turks in their retreat towards Thebes, and killed and took Prisoners a great number of them. Many Grecian Families left Achaia to come into the Morea, and above Twelve thousand Inhabitants (of which Three thousand were able to bear Arms) did the same. Many also of Romelia demanded the Protection of the Republic, and the Generalissimo ordered them some Ships for their Passage into the Morea. But let us now take a view of Dalmatia, where the Republic extends its Limits by new Conquests.  
Many of the People of Dalmatia came daily to place themselves under the Protection of the Venetians, and at the approach of General Cornaro's Army, ten Villages, with the Bassa that commanded them, did the same. Count Noncovich, who Commanded the Militia of the straits of Zagabria, joined Two thousand of his Men to the Venetian Forces, and being entered into the Ertzegovine, took the Castle of seven Towers, where One hundred and fifty Turks were made Prisoners, besides those that were killed in the defence of it, and having pillaged the Place set fire to it. In his retreat he laid an Ambuscade for the Governor of Smocco, and having taken him caused his head to be cut off, without giving any ear to the Propositions he made of Twenty thousand Crowns for his Ransom.  
Signior Cornaro Proveditor general of Dalmatia, resolved to lay Siege to Castelnovo, the Auxiliary Galleys having set out towards that Place, in order to join the Venetian Forces, but they would not obey him, because he was but in the quality of Proveditor general; but the Senate took away this difficulty by sending him the Fanal, and the Gonfalon or Standard, with the Title of Captain General for that Campaign only.  
Some time before the Forces set out for the Siege of Castelnovo, they made an irruption into the Territory of Narenza, and setting Fire to thirty Villages, favoured the design which Two thousand Morlaques had of joining themselves to the Venetians. Six hundred that were thought fit to bear Arms were commanded to join themselves to the other Forces, and dispute the Passage with the Infidels that were going to secure Castelnovo. The Bassa of Ertzegovine would also have hindered the Venetians from entering into the Territory of Narenza, but was vigorously repulsed and forced to fly.  
Chevalier Janco having put himself at the Head of a detachment of Morlaques, defeated a Party of Three hundred Turks, but it cost him his Life, for as he was going to cut off the head of a Turk whom he had overthrown, the Barbarian shot off a Pistol and killed him; his loss was much resented both by the Morlaques and Venetians, especially the latter; for since he had embraced their Interests he had done them very great Services, and by his Courage and Conduct contributed very much to their Conquests in Dalmatia.  
The following Relation of the Siege of Castelnovo was sent from Malta; we may well believe it exact, since it comes from a Knight of the Order, who was an Eye witness of what passed in the Siege, and was himself in the greatest occasions of Danger.  
Count Herbesteim Grand Prior of Hungary, and General of the Galleys of Malta, who besides his Squadron of eight Galleys, had also under his command seven of those belonging to the Pope, having received express Orders both from his Holiness and the Grand Master, not to join the Venetian Army in the Morea, Commanded by Generalissimo Morosini, for fear of the Plague, having daily confirmations of their suspicion that it was amongst them, found himself out of capacity to employ him forces for the Service of Christendom, and after having been cruising on the Sea for the space of three Months, he did but wait the Orders of the Grand Master to return to Malta, when he received, in Calabria on the 2d. of August, a Packet from Rome, by which he understood that his Holiness had resolved to make an Attempt on some of those Places the Turks held in Dalmatia along the Gulf of Venice.  
This news having made him hasten towards that side, he arrived there on the seventh of August, and having advertised General Geronimo Cornaro of it, went to Anchor towards the Isle of Lezina to attend him there, who in the mean time was employed in gathering his Forces together: After they had had some mutual Correspondence by Letters, they argreed on the Siege of Castelnovo, but notwithstanding all his diligence General Cornaro could not be in readiness to act till the latter end of the Month.  
Castelnovo is a Place of great importance to the Turks, Situate towards the Mouth of the Gulf of Castaro, which takes its name from another Place belonging to the Republic, lying at the lower end of the Gulf, the Garrison of which Place, as well as the Inhabitants of those that are adjacent being subject to the Venetians, are always at blows with the Militia of Castelnovo, by reason of which these Infidels are inur'd to War, and are esteemed the most courageous and resolute of all the Country. This Place is Situate on the Sea side, and extends itself on two Lines, the one looking towards Albania, the other towards the City of Ragusa; and where it reaches furthest into the Land, there is a Castle that Commands the whole Town: Besides this Castle there is another, or if you please an old fashioned Fort apart from the Castle, which covers it and guards its avenues. The Place is encompassed with old fashioned Walls of thick and solid Stonework, and flanked with great Towers, between which there are some lesser, and though it has no outworks, the Ground about it is so advantageous by reason of its unevenness, which forms certain Curtains where they may easily retrench, that it is incredible how difficult and dangerous the approaches are.  
The Christian Army, composed of above One hundred Sail came within view of the Place, the 2d. of September towards the Evening, stronger in appearance than effect, since all the rest, but four Galleys, and two Men of War of the Venetians, and five Galleys of Malta, were Ships of Burden, and inconsiderable. The day following they were busy in landing their Forces. Those of the Republic to the number of Six or seven thousand Men, chose for that purpose a place some Miles distant from the Town; those belonging to the Pope, and those of Malta, who made but one Body of about Fifteen hundred Soldiers and twenty six Knights, Commanded by Chevalier Mechatin, General of the Forces of Malta, landed on a flat, much nearer, where a little open Plain gave means to keep the Infidels at a distance from the Coast by the Cannon of the Galleys, having according to Custom taken the Post of Honour to go first against the Enemies.  
Our Men delayed not to make trial whether the Reputation of Courage, which the Inhabitants and Garrison of Castelnovo had gained, were well grounded or no; for these Infidels having posted themselves upon two Hills, the one commanding the other, and separated by a great Valley, which was to be crossed, as well as the Hills, by difficult and rugged ways to come to the Town, began to fire upon our Men on all sides to hinder their advance: But Chevalier Mechatin having made two strong Detachments, one Commanded by Chevalier de Mareüil, accompanied by a Body of the Knights, with whom was the Standard of the Republic, born by the Commander de la Tour Maubourg, the other by Chevalier de Lusignan Lezay, first Major of the Battalion of Malta, with whom was a Party of his Holiness' Forces conducted under him, by the Count Montevecchi, they fell upon the Enemy on both sides with so much vigour, that after an obstinate resistance, they were forced, in great disorder, to quit the Posts they had taken, and make a hasty retreat under their Walls with great loss of their Men: Ours made themselves Masters of some Houses and other Posts of advantage within a large Musket-shot of the City, where they made a halt in the beginning of might, which gave an occasion to the Enemies to return in the dark, and retrench themselves on the Hills, and some from which they were driven with great difficulty. In the mean time Count St. Paul and Chevalier Mechatin advanced in good Order with the Body of the Forces, who were ranged in Battalia as soon as they came from the Coast. The resolution with which the Chevaliers the Mareüil and Lusignan marched towards the Enemy, was such, that it may be said, that the terror which it then struck into them, was afterward the cause of the happy success of this Enterprise; but the Enemies firing very thick, and continuing it the whole day, they could not but lose some of their Men, amongst whom were the Chevaliers de Richebourg, de Barin, and de Guira, who died a few days after of their Wounds: The Chevaliers de Pernac, de Loumiers, Ventura, Caraffa, and Ballaceüill were there also hurt.  
From the 3d. day to the 8th. they were busied in forming the Camp and Lines, and putting ashore the Artillery and Mortars for the Bombs, the continual Rains having much incommoded them, and by order of General St. Paul they began to raise a Battery of two Piece of Cannon to beat down a House in which the Turks had fortified themselves within fifty Paces of our retrenchments; but these Infidels remaining undaunted notwithstanding the Fire of our great Guns, and giving us no small vexation by their Musket-shot, it was resolved on the eighth in the Morning to make a Detachment of the Pope's Forces and those of Malta, under the command of Chevalier Mareüil, and employ them to drive the Turks from that Post, The Grenadiers commanded by Chevalier de Seire, and the Fueliers by Chevalier de Paulmy, advanced first and charged so furiously, that the Enemy not being able to bear the shock, fled away shamefully after some smart discharges, and quitted the Post, which ours immediately seized. Then the Body of the Battalion of Malts advanced with the Standard of the Order, at the sight of which great shouts of joy in token of Victory being heard, many of the Chevaliers and Soldiers took occasion from thence to advance farther, and with incredible vigour drove their Enemies to another great House but five and twenty paces distant from their Walls, and being become Masters of it, retrenched themselves there. This advantage cost us dear; for though the Turks had not the Courage to maintain the place, yet the Avenues of it being commanded by an higher ground of a continued ascent, in form of an Amphitheatre, from whence the Turks gave terrible fire, as well as from the Walls of the City, and Castles, several of ours lost their lives; four Chevaliers being killed on the spot, and three and twenty dangerously wounded. Chevalier Mechatin perceiving that the Courage of his men carried them on too far, advanced on purpose to moderate them, and bring them back to the main body; but the Turks firing continually on all sides, wounded Chevalier de Lusignan first Major, Chevalier de Seire Captain of Grenadiers, and Chevalier de Senicourt de Sessival, who died a few days after, regretted by the whole Army for his admirable qualities.  
In the mean time, on the same day, to give a diversion to the Enemy, and hinder them from keeping all their Forces united towards the principal Attack, which was on that side of the place that looks towards Albania, the Galleys approaching near the Walls, gave great fire from their Cannon on the side towards the Sea, while on the other side that looks towards Ragusa, they landed a Body of their men under the command of the Count of Monstier, Son to the General St. Paul, who made their Retrenchments towards the outward Fort which joins not to the place, and continued their Works, as if they had meant to attack it.  
For several days following they very much incommoded the Besieged by a Battery of eleven great piece of Cannon which was raised for the principal Attack, and a vast number of Bombs which they cast into the place without intermission, whilst ours being lodged and fortified in the Posts they had gained, were busied in advancing their Works in order to fix the Mine to the principal Tower of the Castle, by that time the Cannon should make a considerable breach in the Walls, the design being at the same time to assault both the one and the other.  
In the mean time General Cornaro received news, that six thousand men were coming to the relief of the Besieged, under the Command of the Bassa of Bossina and Ertzegovine, for which cause he possessed himself of all the Hills and advantageous Posts to stop his further passage; all which Precautions notwithstanding, the Enemy having forced the Passages, which were guarded only by Morlaques, appeared on the 15th. about two in the Afternoon ●t the head of our first Retrenchments with their usual cries. Our Forces on ●hat side were shaken with the fierceness ●f the Turks pouring in upon them, but ●he Count of Mostier, who was not far ●ff, having opportunely backed them with fresh men, they renewed the charge in 〈◊〉 vigorous a manner, that the Turks turned their backs, and run headlong one ●pon the other; and there being no way or retreat, but through the narrow Passages, ours taking advantage of their fear ●nd disorder, made a great slaughter amongst them; eight or nine hundred ●ere slain on the place, of which number, the Morlaques being recovered of ●heir first fright, brought according to their custom, five hundred heads to General Cornaro in token of a signal Victory, with a great number of Slaves, whose lives they had spared. There were taken also eight Turkish Colours, and in this action we lost but thirty men, of whom none were of note.  
The day following all the Heads that had been cut off, were exposed upon Pikes to terrify the Besieged, and let them know the Succours they expected were routed. The place was summoned but the Answer was made by the mouth● of Cannon and Musket, so that ours began to fire afresh, and continued their Works with more industry than before.  
The 19th. we saw, to our great joy twenty Ships which brought eighteen hundred men to our assistance, we mounted the Trenches the same Evening, wher● Chevalier Zindodari, a man of singular merit, was killed.  
The Cistern was already finished, an● the Gallery was brought even to the foo● of the Wall, with a fair Prospect of a goo● effect, when, to our surprise, we foun● the Stonework so prodigiously har● that it was impossible to strike off the lea● piece without very great labour, which no way suiting with the impatient desire of our men to come to blows with the Enemy, the rather for that the Season began to be severe by continual Rain and daily Storms, all their designs turned to making the Breach wide enough for an Assault by the help of their Cannon; and while they were busied in the execution of this project, two extraordinary things happened to our advantage.  
The first was, that two Turks who had fled from the place, came to General Cornaro, and assured him, that if he would give them good usage, they would so bring matters about, that several of the Town should yield themselves to him. This Proposal having moved the General to use them well, one of them voluntarily remained in his power, as an Hostage, the other attended by a Morlaque of known trust, returned into the City, and there managed his Affairs with so much success, that he came back two or three hours after with two hundred and forty other Turks well armed and equipped. This odd Adventure gave occasion to another accident which would have quite tired the constancy of any Garrison less obstinately resolved to endure the last extremities: For General Cornaro seeing their Forces so considerably diminished, and taking from thence a fresh occasion to summon them to surrender, threatening, that if they delayed till the Assault, he would put them all to the Sword: They answered with their accustomed haughtiness, that they were resolved to defend the place to the last.  
Upon which we began to fire upon them, and one of our Bombs lighting by chance into a little Fort near the Seaside where the Besieged kept their Powder, and where the Women and Childten were put, as into a place of least danger, the fire catching hold of this Powder, blew up the Fort, and all that was in it, making a dismal spectacle, as may well be imagined.  
On the same 28th. day the breach at last appearing reasonable wide, resolution was taken to make advantage of the Consternation into which so strange an Adventure, in all probability, had cast the Enemies, and give the Assault in two places; for which purpose a body was framed of twelve hundred men. The Detachments of the Battalion of Malta, and the Pope's Forces, which made up one part of them, commanded by Chevalier de Paulmy, were to charge first on the right, on the side of the Castle, where the strongest Assault was to be made, while the Florentines, with other Venetian Forces commanded by the Marquis Borry, were to charge on the left, more towards the Sea, where there was a great Tower much battered by the Cannon.  
But notwithstanding all their Efforts, the Attempt had no success, the Breach not being in that state as was imagined. In fine, when Chevalier the Paulmy, with several Knights, and the Detachments commanded by him, had with great vigour mounted the Breach, he plainly perceived, notwithstanding the Enemy's fire, that that place sunk into a Precipice on the side of the besieged, and that there was a strong Palisade behind, which the Turks were retrenched, which with less difficulty, was found true after the taking of the Town. This imposed upon him a necessity of contenting himself with the Proofs he had given of his Courage, and finding it impossible to make a Lodgement on that part of the Wall, which was ruined by the Castle, and lay open in several other places, he was forced to retire with loss of Men. Dom Emanuel Bru, Captain, was killed on the spot, and the Chevaliers d' Estaing, du Terail, de Clospac, de Chenau, de Glandenez, and de la Varene were grievously wounded.  
Ours in the mean time endeavoured to shake the Resolution of the besieged, and draw them to the side towards the Sea, by continual firing from the Galleys; the Saiques belonging to them, advanced under the Walls with Ladders, as if they intended to scale them; but than it appeared these Infidels were not men that easily took the Alarm; so far were they from being caught in the Snare that was laid for them, that on the contrary they seemed more enraged, and defended the Breach like men in despair.  
But on the other side, the Marquis de Borry's Attack, of which they had less hope succeeded much better, for the ruins of the great Tower proved such, that he found means to mount them, and lodge himself there, the Turks not being able to make any great resistance, the two Flanks of the same Tower (of which the Front only was ruined) serving him for a shelter from the fire of the Castle and other places near; so that now it began to appear that this was the only part they should have attacked. The Forces of Malta who had crept along the Breach, being advanced to take their Post there, it might now easily be seen the Victory would not be long delayed.  
In effect, the day following many of the Soldiers having posted themselves on several parts of the Wall from whence they had beaten the Besieged; and several also having found means to get into the place, the Turks stood their ground, and knocked down a great number of them; but seeing ours did not slacken their Courage, but entered apace notwithstanding their smart firing upon us, they resolved at last to retire into the Castle, and leave the Town in our hands.  
There were some Turks who had taken refuge in the great Towers of the Town, and had their Lives and Liberty granted them. The day following, being the 30th. of September, those of the Castle having desired leave to Capitulate, surrendered themselves on condition that they might go out with their Arms; that it should be permitted them to carry away whatever they could on their backs, and that they should be allowed Ships to carry them into Albania, which was punctually executed on the first of October. There went out above Nine hundred Men well armed who embarked with about One thousand Women and Children: They having, as 'tis said, before the Siege sent away the greatest part of useless Souls: After this, thanks were given to God, and two Mosques that were in the Town, Consecrated, the one being Dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, the other to St. Jerom.  
We parted from Castelnovo the Fourth of October, and the Wind being favourable, after we had divided ourselves from the Pope's Galleys near the Pharos of Messina, on the Ninth we arrived happily in the Port of Malta.  
At the end of the Book follows a List of the Knights of Malta killed or wounded at the Siege of Castelnovo since their landing.  
The Campaign ended with the taking of Castelnovo, which is the most considerable Conquest that has been made in that Country during the present War. General Cornaro presently gave order for repairing the Breaches to secure it against any Assault. The Turks were so distracted with this loss, that they quitted several little Places about Castelnovo. On the other side divers People of Dalmatia came over in throngs to side with the Republic: Amongst others those of Ertzegovine sent Twenty four Deputies to General Cornaro, with Twelve Colours they had formerly taken from the Infidels, to beg of him to be secured. The General having received them in a very obliging manner, gave them Twelve Standards to preserve themselves under the Protection of the Republic; and they, in token of their acknowledgements, immediately put themselves into the Field, with the Inhabitants of Bagnani, to the number of Four thousand, with design to fight a Bassa who was there at the head of a thousand Turks Horse and Foot; he having notice of their march, retired to Cottone, where he thought to entrench himself; but understanding afterwards that the Morlaques marched directly to him, he left the defence of it to Mustai Begh, and Three hundred Men he bestowed on him, and fled away with the rest. In the mean time those of Ertzegovine having appeared before the Place, the Turk desired to Capitulate, and accordingly marched out with his Garrison and retired towards Fossa. They seized themselves of this Post, with six Colours, and the Territory of Casanza, which depends on it, and they found there good store of Provisions. Athens, which also submitted to the power of the Venetians, was the last of the Successes obtained this year by the Republic on the side of Greece.  
After the taking of Corinth, the Venetian Army set sail towards Athens, and arrived on the Twenty first of September at Porto-Lione, which takes its name from a Lion of Marble, ten Foot high, which stands at the lower end of the Port. The Modern Grecians call it the Dragon's Port, Cicero and Strabo, Portus Piraeus; it has also been called the Port of Athens, it being but six Miles from that City. I had forgot to tell you, that, as this Naval Army passed by Napoli di Malvasia, the only Place the Turks had now left in the Morea, Captain Venier was commanded with his Squadron to Bombard it. In effect, the Bombs being cast into the Place with good success, made a dreadful destruction, and the Bridge by which the City had Communication with the Continent was ruined: But all this not shaking the Resolution the Garrison had taken of defending themselves, the Army passed forward, hoping they should easily reduce it the next Campaign, especially since the Generalissimo had detached three Men of War and four Galliots, to block up the Place during the Winter, and hinder them from being relieved either with Men, Provisions or Ammunition. Some Forces also on the Land kept it blocked up, to the end that the want of Provisions might reduce this City under the Obedience of the Republic, which could not be easily carried by force. Let us now return to the Siege of Athens.  
As soon as the Fleet had cast Anchor at Porto Lione, the Principal Grecians of that Country came to signify their Joy, for the arrival of the Christians, and the prospect they now had of being in a short time freed from the Turkish Tyranny; the Infidels had quitted the Town and retired into the Castle, where they seemed resolved to defend themselves, and began to fire at a great rate.  
Which obliged Count Coningsmark to raise two Batteries, one of six Cannon, the other of four Mortars, which were ready in a very short time, and the Cannons played the same Evening. In the mean time the Generalissimo sent Fifteen hundred Men into the City, as well to seize it, as to preserve the Houses of those Grecian Inhabitants who had voluntarily submitted themselves; after which they summoned the Besieged, who Proudly answered they were resolved to defend themselves, upon which the Venetians saw themselves obliged to work at their approaches, where a Sergeant Major and some Soldiers were killed: the works were continued eight days together, and a great number of Bombs were thrown into the Castle, which blew up their Magazine of Powder. The Serasquier having had notice that this Place was besieged, and that it was also hard pressed, gathered together in haste some Cavalry and four hundred Foot, who being mounted behind the Horsemen, they marched with all possible secrecy, knowing the success of their Attempt depended on that. But Count Coningsmark having had intelligence of their march from those of the Country, he marched against the, and put them to flight; and being returned to his Men he had left about the City, he again summoned the Besieged, telling them they had now no relief to hope for. Fear had already seized them, so that being of themselves disposed to desire some Composition, they offered to surrender if they might go out with their Arms and Baggage. But the Generalissimo reduced their Demands to these conditions.  
1. That the Garrison should go out without Arms, and retire themselves to what place they pleased, that each of them should carry on his back only what he thought most useful, and that they should have five days given them to embark.  
2. That they should be convoyed to Smirna, and that they might take Vessels at their own charge, if they desired to be transported elsewhere.  
3. That they should not force any one to follow them.  
By virtue of this Article, all the Slaves that were then in the Castle were to remain there, and none to be carried away by the Infidels.  
4. Lastly, if the Castle were found without Water or Victurals, the precedent Articles should be void, because the Garrison had surrendered upon necessity.  
These Articles being signed on both sides, the Venetians entered the Castle, and five days after the Infidels went out to the number of Three thousand, amongst whom were Six hundred Soldiers who embarked for Smyrna; but there ramin●d above 600. who desired to be made Christians. There were found in the Castle 50 Piece of Brass Cannon, and some of Iron. Signior Daniel Delfino was made Governor, and Count Tomio Pompey Proveditor.  
The Naval Army was to winter at Porto-Lione, and the Land Forces were quartered about Athens; they wrought at the building of some Forts, to hinder the Communication which Negropont might have with the Continent, and also to curb the Garrison of Thebes, which made frequent incursions about Athens. The Conquest of this Place is so important, that it deserves a particular Description.  
Athens is not far from the Gulf of Enghia, which makes part of the Ionian Sea; it is the Metropolitan of Attica, and the most ancient City of all Greece. King Cecrops was its Founder, Theseus enlarged it, and obliged those of the Country to settle themselves there. The Citadel is built on a solid Rock, inaccessible on all sides but the West, on which is the entrance; towards the East and South, the Walls make two sides of a Square; those on the other sides are not so regular by reason of the irregularity of the Rock which serves for their Foundation. It is Twelve hundred Paces in compass; at the bottom of the Hill may be seen some marks of a very high Wall, which formerly surrounded the foot of it, and made the access more difficult; this Citadel is in an equal distance between two Eminences, one towards the South- 〈◊〉 and the Musaeum, which is as high as the Citadel, and within Cannon reach; the other is the Mount Achenius, whether they could not bring their Artillery, by reason the way was too steep and rugged, and at the top no plain but only a descent; it was there the Statue of Jupiter was formerly adored. The City is on the North of the Citadel, which entirely shelters it on the side towards the Sea, so that those that sail by imagine there are no other Houses but those of the Citadel, which is the reason that some who have not had the Curiosity to go ashore, have believed that all Athens was comprehended within this Castle. The Situation of the City is very commodious for the Inhabitants, for the Climate there being very hot, it lies happily exposed to the North. There are yet to be seen a great number of Antiquities amongst which are,  

The Temple of Victory of the jonique Order, of which the Turks made a Magazine of Powder.  
The Arsenal of Lycurgus of the Dorique Order, which served for a Magazine of Arms.  
The Temple of Minerva of the Do●●●ue Order of which the Infidels made a Mosque.  
The Lantern of Demosthenes, which is at this day the Hospital of Capucins.  
The Octogonal Tower of the Winds, designed by Andronico Cireste, and mentioned by Vitruvius in his Book of Architecture  
The Temple of Theseus.  
The Foundations of the Areopagus.   
There are four Mosques in the City and one in the Castle; the City is divided into eight Quarters; it had formerly depending on it One hundred seventy four Villages, each of which were as large as the City itself. Athens has been the School of War, and of all Virtues, and Mother of Sciences; and as this City is very ancient, it may be noted in general (without examining the time of its Foundation, or of those that built it) that the Kingdom of Athens began in the year of the World 2496. and lasted Four hundred eighty seven years under seventeen Kings, of which the first was Cecrops, and the last Codrus. To these succeeded the Archontes or Praetors, who exercised their Magistracy during their Life; and of those there have bee● Thirteen, the first was Medon Son o● Codrus, and the thirteenth Alcmeon, after whom the Archontes exercised their Power for ten years only, who succeede● each other to the number of seven; after which these Archontes were made annual Magistrates. Dracon, who was one o● them, made so severe Laws for his Citizens, that their excessive rigour gave occasion to the Orator Demades, to sa● they were writ in Blood. Solon, wh● had that Dignity after him, made su● as were milder, and established Popular Government. Pisistratus having usur● the Sovereignty of Athens, Hippias an● Hipparchus his Sons succeeded him d●ring the space of fourteen years; th● latter was killed by an opposite Faction's and Hippias being droven out of Athe●● calls the Persians to his assistance. The lost the Battle of Marathon, and te● years after were again defeated in 〈◊〉 Sea-fight near the Island of Salamin● These advantages made the Athenians 〈◊〉 flourishing Republic. Lysander, General of the Lacedæmonians, took Athens in the Peloponnesian War, and there set up thirty Tyrants, who were droven out by Thrasybulus and some others. Athens suffered under Alexander the Great and some of his Successors. Demetrius restored it to liberty, and afterwards being nettled at the affront the Athenians put upon him, by refusing to receive him, after he had lost the Battle of Ipsus in Phrygia, he besieged their City, and a year after took it from Lachares, who had made himself Tyrant there. After this it shook off the Macedonian Yoke, and subsisted some time with glory under the Protection of the Romans. Sylla took it from one of the Citizens, named Aristion, who had also made himself Tyrant there.  
In spite of its misfortunes, the Reputation it had for Sciences, still drew thither the Learned, by the Concourse of whom it was re-established. It declared for Pompey and Caesar, who after the Battle of Pharsalia, had it in his power to punish them, gave them his Pardon in these words so Celebrated in History, That the Athenians had deserved to feel the effects of his indignation, but that in consideration of the Merits of the dead, he would show favour to the living. Augustus and his Successors had great regard for Athens; it was taken by the Scythians under the Reign of Galienus. Cleodemus of Athens, and Athenaeus of Bisance drove them out. The Emperor Justin in the sixth Age endeavoured to restore it, and since that time History makes little or no mention of it for the space of Seven hundred years. Balduin the Ninth of that name, Earl of Flanders, having been Crowned Emperor of Constantinople in the year 1204. those of the Crusade, who had had share in the taking of this City, divided the Estates of the Grecians amongst themselves; Geoffrey of Ville hardoüin had Athens and the Achaia; ●alduin in those days Besieged Athens without success, and Boniface soon after took it. Since that, the Duchy of Athens fell to the House of de la Roche. William de la Roche, Duke of Athens, and Lord of Thebes, being deceased about the year 1300. his Daughter or Sister brought this Duchy to Hugh de Brienne, Earl of Brienne and Licheses. From this Match came Gualther the Fifth, Father of Gualther the Sixth, Earl of Brienne and Licheses, Duke of Athens, and Constable of France, killed in the Battle of Poicti●rs in the Year 1356. without ●leaving Issue. In the mean time the Arragonians usurped the Duchy of Athens; and after divers Revolutions, Rainier Accioli of Florence made himself Master of it, and granted it to the Venetians. Antonio, Bastard Son of Rainier re-established himself in it, and from his Successor it was taken by Mahomet the Second, Emperor of the Turks in the Year 1455. and it is one of the Two hundred Cities he took from the Christians, since which time it has always been under the Infidels. Vector Capella surprised it in the Year 1464. but being not able to take the Castle, he was forced to abandon his Conquest.  
If the Generalissimo after the taking of Athens, had had Forces sufficient to Attack Negropont, he might easily have made himself Master of it; but the Garrisons he was forced to put in the Places that had been taken this Campaign, having reduced his Army to a small number, he was obliged to put off the Execution of his designs to the next year; to which also we shall remit our discourse, if what has been said shall appear agreeable to the Reader, of which the Bookseller will give the best account.    


The Names of the Knights killed and wounded at the Siege of Coron.  

FRENCH.  
SIeur de la Tour Maubourg, General of the Battalion of Malta, killed in the Redout.  
De Creus, a Volunteer, died of a Distemper caused by the great Fatigues.  
De Montchalin, Guard to the Standard, wounded.  
Junius, a Volunteer, wounded.  
Du Breüil wounded in the Throat by a Musquet-shot in the last Assault.  
Goudras, second Lieutenant of the Grenadiers, wounded.  
De Saillans d'Estans, second Lieutenant of Grenadiers, wounded in his Thigh with two Musquet-bullets.  
De Corein Mongon, Guard to the Standard, wounded in the Hand by a Musquet-shot.  
De St. Pierre the same.  
Du Pont wounded in the Redout.  
De Tresmes-Gesures, Volunteer, died of his wounds received in the Redout.  
De Bourgon, a Volunteer, dead of his Wounds received on the same occasion.  
De Liré de la Bourdonnaye, a Volunteer, killed at the Assault.  
Du Plessis Get, De la Brunetiere, two Brothers, both dead of the Distempers caused by the Fatigues.  
Michon, Aid Major, killed in the Redout.  
De la Mothe, Voluntier, dead of his Wounds received on the same occasion.  
De Beaupré, Guard to the Standard; Boindin a Volunteer, and Doria Brasseuse, all three dangerously wounded in the last Assault.  
De Bernieres, second Lieutenant of the Brigadiers, wounded in his hand by a Musquet-shot.  
De Refuge a Captain, De Sesseval a Lieutenant, De Braigny and De Brosias, Volunteers, all four wounded.  
Des Aunois, Voluntier, wounded in his Thigh by a Musquet-shot.  
De Gaillard, Captain, dead of his Wounds, received on the Redout.  
De la Minoye, Volunteer, killed at the last Assault.  
De Galen Captain, Tondu Voluntier, dangerously wounded on the same occasion.  
Roigne, Voluntier, wounded in his Leg by a Musquet-shot.  
Lescaillon, Descoulette, De Fanesin, Volunteers; Caulet, De Sade, De Guiers, Lieutenants, wounded.  
De Cais, Baron, Volunteers, wounded.   

ITALIANS.  
The Count Vital, Volunteer, killed in the Trenches.  
Citadellis the elder, a Lieutenant, killed at the last Assault.  
Vicaris, Guard to the Standard, Beccaria, Voluntier, dangerously wounded at the same.  
Caraccioli, a Volunteer, wounded.  
Pieuzaque, a Volunteer, wounded on the Redout.  
Perussi, Pensinghi, Spinola the elder, all three wounded.   

SPANIARDS.  
Don Felix Verra Terra, Lieutenant, killed at the last Assault.  
Don Juan Melos, dead of the Distemper caused by the Fatigues.  
Don Juan de Barros dangerously wounded.  
Don Juan Emanuel wounded.  
Don Emanuel de Cordoüa, Captain, dangerously wounded in the Thigh by a Musquet-shot at the last Assault.  
Don Ignacio Ourias had his Elbow so shattered by a Musquet-shot at the last Assault, that he was in danger.  
Schesbelle, or Chassebet, a Germane, Guard to the Standard, wounded.    

A List of the Knights and Officers of the Venetian Army, and of the Battalion of Malta.  
MOnsieur de Mechetin, General; Chevalier de la Bar, Lieutenant-General; Du Refuge, Major; De Pernac, De la Varene, De Leszeval, Adjutants; De Fagues, Standard-bearer; De St. Fortunate, Cardouche, Ventura, Schonau, De Brilliac, De Manterie, Standard-Guards; De Grace l'Espinasse, Aid-Major; De la Ferte, Proveditor of the Forces; Br. Francis Baron, French Almoner; Br. Dominico Gambigallo, Ignatio di Bono, Almoners of Malta; De Ceres, Captain of Grenadiers; De Saillans, De Mongon-Corin, second Lieutenants of Grenadiers; De Paulms-Voyer, Captain of the Fuseliers; De Beaupré, Lieutenant of Fuseliers; De Champron, De Roquepine, second Lieutenants of Fuseliers.   


The Names of those that commanded the Galleys.  
The Captain. 

The Chevaliers de St.  and Galder, Captains. De Chemezin, Gleispach, Lieutenants.    
The Patron. 

The Chevalier di san Lazaro, Don Arnando Jogeres, Captains. Claricini, Don Thomaso Escarlin, Lieutenants.    
The Saint Mary. 

The Chevaliers du Gav'st, and de Chastelet, Captains. De la Touche, De St. Auban, Lieutenants.    
The Saint Paul 

The Chevaliers de la Board, and de Beauquemarde, Captains. De Paris-Fontain, De Gallien, Lieutenants.    
The Saint Peter. Where also are the Fuseliers. 

The Chevaliers de Choisy, Captain. De Barmon, Lieutenant.    
The Magistrale. 

The Chevaliers Don Juan Emanuel, Don Bernardin de Nierca, Captains. Don Labo D'almeïde, Don Andrea Padila, Lieutenants.    
The Saint Gregory. 

The Chevaliers d'Arené, Don Augustin Vertis, Captains. De Rousset, Don Thomas Eslava, Lieutenants.    
The Volunteers. 

The Chevaliers de la Son; de la Mothe; de la Brillane; de Varadier; de l'Espine; Sprely; de Montchalain; de Barbesy; de Boyer; de Champinelle; de Martel; de Brany; de Molins; de Brany-Thiar; de Gorges; de Fesin; de Seillans; de Marüeil; Perussi; de Gaspari; de Gabriac; de S. Christofle; de Pudion; Brother-Servant Baron.      

The Chevaliers of the Caravan, who were landed out of the Galleys with the Battalion of Malta.  
The Chevaliers de Valavoire; Arcimbordy; Don Carlo Caraffa; Don Juan Sessé; Gallucy; Zamzedary; de Glandeves; d' Urre; de Gramont Chastillon; de Beveren; des Ayques; de la Brillane; du Heron; des Ainoix; Don Augustino Ximenes; de Chastelet; de Brilliac; de Colombieres; de Donedeau; des Tourettes; de Pezanston; de Perier Clement; de S. Pierre; de Sannes; Brother-Servant at Arms Charetier.  
Four Gentlemen of Marseille put themselves into the same Battalion as Volunteers, viz. Messeurs de giles, de Fouquié, de Bricard, de Saumati.  
There are moreover nine hundred Soldiers of Malta, who with the Knights we have mentioned, compose this Battalion, so terrible to the Turks, that they dread no Enemies so much as them.   

A List of the Knights of Malta killed or wounded at the Siege of Castelnovo since their landing.  

The third of September. 

MOnsieur de Brillane dead of his Wounds. Provence.  
Monsieur Richebourg killed. France.  
Monsieur Barin killed. France.  
Monsieur Loumieres wounded in the Arm with a Musquet-shot. Provence.  
Monsieur Belaceüil wounded in his shoulder by a Musquet-shot. Auvergne.  
Signior Caraffa wounded in his Leg. Italy.    
The fourth of September. 

Signior Ventury wounded in his Heel by a Canonshot. Italy.    
The eighth of September, at the taking the Post near the Castle. 

Don Bernardino Noira, killed. Spain.  
Signior Castellano, killed. Italy.  
Signior Bourgery, killed Italy.  
Don Joseph Dolx, killed. Spain.  
Monsieur Sesseval, killed. France.  
Don Tibursio Dolx, wounded in the Thigh. Spain.  
Monsieur Javon, hurt in the Eye. Provence.  
Monsieur Roque spin, wounded in the Leg. France.  
Sig. Carneralia, wounded in the head. Italy.  
Sig. Saraciny, wounded in the Face. Italy.  
Sig. Marcellane, wounded in the Shoulder. Italy.  
Monsieur Gramont, wounded on the Head. Auvergne.  
Monsieur Duche, his Arm broke. Auvergne.  
Signior Medecy, wounded in the Hand. Italy.  
Signior Vicary, wounded in the Arm. Italy.  
Sig. Falconcery, wounded in the Thigh. Italy.    
On the nineteenth at the Trenches. 

Signior Zindodari, died of his wounds. Italy.    
The 28th. at the Assault. 

Dom Emanuel Bru, killed. Spain.  
Monsieur Clospac, wounded by two Musquet-shots. Germany.  
Monsieur Chenau received two Wounds. Germany.  
Monsieur du Terail, wounded in his Body. Auvergne.  
Monsieur Glandenez, in his Shoulder. Provence.  
Monsiur de la Verene, in his Head. Auvergne.  
Monsieur d' Ocquincourt, wounded slightly in his Belly. France.      
FINIS.