FOR THE KING And both HOUSES of PARLIAMENT BEING A brief and general Account of the late and present sufferings of many of the Peaceable Subjects called Quakers, upon the late Act against Conventicles; for no other Cause but Meeting together to Worship God according to their persuasions and Consciences.  For the Oppression of the Poor, and the Sighing of the Needy, I will arise saith the Lord, etc. 
Printed in the Year, 1675.   

FOR THE KING And both HOUSES of PARLIAMENT.  
WHereas many of the said People, have of late been, and still are greatly disquieted, and severely used, many poor Families Ruined as to their Livelihoods; the Fatherless and Widows greatly Oppressed; many honest Tradesmen discouraged, Trading in many places much stopped and decayed; the Poor wanting Bread, by reason of the great spoil and havoc that's made upon many Innocent Industrious Families, only for the exercise of their tender Consciences, as by the following Relation will appear: Which sufferings have been occasioned by some idle and dissolute persons, who being not willing to take pains for an honest Livelihood in the Creation, as other men do, are turned Informers, going from place to place on purpose to find out such Meetings; troubling the Magistrates, and instigating such as are willing to gratify them, that they may make a prey upon the said People's Estates and Livelihoods; ruining and destroying these Peaceable Protestant-Subjects, under pretence of doing the King Service.  
We therefore entreat your Patience to peruse the following account, and take it into your serious Considerations, to afford the Sufferers some effectual and speedy relief, by stopping such Inhuman proceed for the future, that they and their Families may not be utterly destroyed.  

, 1670.  
FOr meeting together to worship God, Eighty persons have been fined at several times 254 l. 5 s. for which there hath been taken from them, Sheep, Cowes, Horses, Hogs, Wool, Oatmeal, Carts, Pewter, Panns, and Potts, and other Goods to the value of 276 l. 5 s. Note, Tho. Lister was fined 2 l. For which they took a Horse from him worth 6 l. and a Cow worth 2 l. they sold the Horse to Hen. William's called a Justice for 25 s. and the Cow to another Justice's man for 16 s. 6 d. Christopher Maidston, for being at two Meetings, fined 20 s. for himself and his Wife, upon the Oath of John Blake, and Will Scot Informers, who swore falsely, for the Woman was not at the Meeting. Jasper Lister, having all his Goods taken away, he went to John Hieron, called a Justice, for a Bed, which he refusing, he desired he might have a Blanket to cover him; but it would not be granted, though he had Three Children, and himself so lame, that he goes on Crutches, and when no body would buy the Goods in the Market, the Justices would meet at an Inn, and sell them by the inch of Candle; selling them to Informers, Justices & themselves, buying some, & their Clarks; and their Kindred many times for a great deal less than half the worth of them. Justice Hieron, coming to a meeting at Godmanchester, asked them what they did there? one answered, meet to worship God; he said, you have said enough to condemn yourself, and all that be here, and fined them. John Arthur fined 5 l. 10 s. had all his Goods taken away, not leaving him so much as a Dish, or Spoon, nor the Dung in his Yard, though he had sold it before for 6 s.  
And when the Officers returned, that there was no Goods left, but Forms and Stools, Rob. Apreice called Justice, bid them take the friends Coat off his back, if he had two, and the other things they might carry out and set sire on them.   

Lincolnshire.  
TAken for several meetings, Goods and Cattle (in the Years 1670. (72) and (74) To the value of 391 l. 18 s 4 d. for 94 l. 10 s. fines. Will. Lewis a Priest, and John Ward a Parish Clark Informers. One John Obrey, Priest of Anderby, setting the Informers on, threatening that he will starve the Quakers by this Act. Richard Frisby, and Edward Greaves two other Informers swore, that one John Peachell spoke in the meeting, when not one word was spoken by him; nevertheless, one called Justice Therrald fined him 20 l. The aforesaid Distresses were taken, although no Testimony ever came in against them, but that they were met together in peace and quietness, and no outward exercise of Religion, nor pretence of any proved against them; and some of them never called to answer, nor no witness sworn in their sight against them, but the witnesses examined in private, and that counted a Conviction.   

Cambridg-shire.  
TAken from several persons in this County, in the Year 1670, 1673, 1674. Goods, viz. Pewter-dishes, Wood, Brass, Linen cloth, Shop-goods, and Working-tools, to the very Shoemakers lasts, and women's Coats, Head-cloths, Gloves and Patens, and Cows, and Horses, in all to the value of 608 l. 16 s. 3 d. They took from George Thorrowgood of Ely, his Bed and Goverleds, and left the poor man to lodge on straw, and afterwards for standing in the street before his own door, was fined 10 s. by Parteridge and Lamy called Justices, for which his Sheets, Pillowbeers, and very Shirt was taken from him, though he was very sick in body at that time. Edward Cook Miller, for 5 l. 5 s. fine, had taken his two Loading Horses, his Householdstuff, to the Beds and Bedsteads the children lay on, and child's Cradle, to the value of 12 l. 15 s. so that the children were fain to lie on Straw upon the Board's, by which means they fell sick, and one died since.  


Stephen Perry Tinker.  
Simeon Priest Barber.   The two grand Informers in this County.   

Cornwall.  
TAken from 69. Persons for 311 l. 5 s. fines laid upon them in the years 1670.1673, 1674. In Goods and Cattle, to the value of 497 l. 13. s. 8. d. Henry Williams a poor man, stripped so near that they left him neither Breeches to ware, nor Bed to lie on, and took his very Hatchet, he should work withal; from another poor man, for 15 s. fine, they took his wives wearing apparel.  
And there are lately several persons fined, to the value of 147 l. for which distresses are not yet taken.  
Also many are proceeded against upon an old statute against Popish Recusants, and returned into the Exchequer for a Seizure, of two thirds of their Estates, and a writ of enquiry sent down to Commissioners, to inquire into their Estates.   

Derbyshire.  
SIxty Persons fined also for Meeting 293 l 2 s. 8 d. or there abouts, had taken to the value of 366 l. 4 s. 10 d. in Cowes, Swine, Shoe, Leather, Corn, Hay,  Stuff, to the Dish and Spoon, and working Gear; and from the Smith his Bellows and Tools, sweeping all away, both within doors and without William Cooper had taken his Cow, Corn, Hay, household-goods, to his wearing Coat, and the meat he had provided for his Wife, and three small Children.   

Norfolk.  
TAken from several persons in the years 1670 and 1674, the value of 1244 l. 7 s. 5 d. In Cattle, Sheep, Household Stuff, and the Dung-Fork, Pitch-Fork, and Daubing-fork; the Man's Doublet, and Breeches, the Wife's Coats, and their Beds from under them, that they were fain to lie on Straw; takeing all at one House, both within doors and without: the Justice bidding the Officers take all they had, and then they should have down with them: And when they told the Justice, there was little left to distrain for Fra. Lander Wives fine, but the bed she lay on, being sick and like to die, (and she did die that night:) he said he cared not, 〈◊〉 take the bed from under her, and sometime after she was buried: some caused her body to be taken up again, in an Inhuman manner, breaking the Coffin, that they were fain to tie it together, and carried it upon a pole, and set it in the Market Place, to the amazement of many People.  
And about 12 persons being in a Room visiting their sick friend, (upon his desire) and one of them speaking 5 or 6 words to him, the Informers swore against them, and the sick man was fined 20 l. for having the said Meeting in his house, and had 6 Cows taken from him, and the others fined 20 l. for the Preacher, which was also levied.  
John Patterson of Cockley Day, had his Barn of Corn seized on, and 200 Sheep taken, worth 80 l. and sold for 65 l. or thereabouts; Also many are lately presented in this County, as Popish recusants.   

Nottinghamshire. 1670, 1674.  
TAken to the value of 695 l. 3 s. 6 d. in Cattle and Householdstuff, from some all their goods, excepting a Barrel of Beer, a Cradle, and some Bread and Cheese, which the Officers for pity hid, and told the women of it; the Justice bid the Officers take three or four times as much as the fines that they might allow good penny worths. They took from a poor fatherless Boy, his Coat and Breeches; not leaving the Woman at one house a Stool to sit on to dress her Child: Two persons appealing to the Sessions, they ordered them their money again; but Pennistoni Whaley, called a Justice, fraudulently detains 60 l, in his hands contrary to the orders of the Sessions.  
Note, Colgrave the grand Informer, swearing falsely several times, as that persons were at a Meeting, when they were not, and that there was preaching, when there was not one word spoken; and that divers were not worth 10 s. though it was proved in open Court, they had Horses, Beasts and Sheep of their own at that time.   

Kent.  
TAken goods worth 40 l. 18 s. 9 d. viz. Malt, Shoes, Bed, Bedding, Earthenware, and householdstuff; besides a great deal of goods, the value not sent up, selling goods at under rate, viz. Thirty pounds worth, for 5 l. 15 s.   

Cheshire, 1674.  
SEveral persons have had their goods and Cattle taken to a great value, viz. Cowes, Bacon, Cheese, Corn, Beds, Coverlids, Panns, Pewter, and other Household goods; the Informers threatening they would not leave taking from them while they were worth a Groat, saying, they would turn Drovers, and drive them every week. The Informers being highly encouraged by a Justice of Chester; they used violence to many, in breaking up the meeting, pulling the hair off their heads, striking them, and drawing their Swords, swore they would take off a hand or arm from some of them, and threatened to run through and kill some of them, and to stand to it when they had done. The aforesaid Justice bid the Officers be sure to take enough, and then they might have some for themselves: setting the Soldiers to buy the Cattle, when none else would buy them.  
Amongst these sufferers, 10 or 12 are poor Widows, some of them having a great charge of Fatherless children, they have not left some of them a Skillet to boil their children's meat in, and most of them have no Estates, but are Rackers, which they pay Yearly for; and divers lately fined and liable to be distreyned.   

Oxfordshire, 1670. 1674.  
TAken the value of 176 l. 2 s. 7 d. In Cowes, Corn, Pigs, Bacon, Malt, Beds, Bolsters, Sheets, and other household goods, to the very Pothooks, and the poor man's Breeches and Doublet; not leaving one man a Bed to lie on, nor any thing to boil food in for his Wife and five small children, and took 15 s. out of a poor Woman's Purse. A Priest being Informer haled the women out of the meeting, and tore their , and another Priest's wife swore she would be an Informer.  
Besides, the rude, uncivil, obscene and shameful behaviour and carriages of the Scholars at our meeting in Oxford.  
Many more Warrants out to distrein, which are not yet executed.  
One man fined 5 s. for which the Officers took a child's coat, which the child seeing, cried out with a loud voice.   

Essex, 1670, 1674, 1675.  
TAken the value of 467 l. 19 s. 7 d. In Linen Cloth, women's , Horses, Carts, Brass, Pewter, Bedding, Wool, Sheep, Leather, Breadcorn and Bread, Shop-goods and household goods, the Justice using rugged speeches, striking some, and thrusting others in the Dirt, that were brought before him, for being at a meeting, and caused two to be set in the Stocks.   

Cumberland, 1670, 1672, 1673.  
TAken in Cattle, viz. Cowes, Heifers, Sheep, Horses, Swine, Corn, etc. Butter, Cheese, wearing , working tools, and Household goods, to the value of 226 l. 13 s. 1 d. most of the sufferers being poor labouring people: some whereof had all to their very bedding taken from them: as for instance, Matthew Kirkbride a poor man had his Bed-cloaths taken from off his poor children, and they left naked. James Barn an old poor dim-sighted lame man (maimed in the King's service) his very bedding, and Eight bushels of Malt taken from him.   

Westmoreland, 1675.  
FOurscore persons presented, indicted and convicted upon th● Statute of the 23th of Elizabeth to be returned into the Exchequer since the King's late Declaration against Popish-Recusants though well known to be no Papists.   

Gloucester-shire, 1675.  
MUch goods distreined, and sold, to a considerable value; and from labouring men their working-tools taken from them, that some were constrained to give over their Trades. They took from a Smith, his bellows, Anvil and Vices, scarce leaving any a Bed to lie on; and some were so cruelly beaten, that their flesh was of many colours. Much Cattle also being distreined and brought to Market in Droves, to the grief and trouble of many people to see such oppression and spoil upon their peaceable Neighbours.   

Surrey, from 1670. to 1675.  
FIfty Three persons had distreined from them, for meetings, Goods and Cattle of the value of 351 l. 3 s. 4 d.   

Durham.  
SEventeen persons for meetings, had distreined from them Pewter, Horse, Corn, and other goods, to the value of 28 l. 13 s. 6 d. besides had great abuses done to their persons. Taken goods to the value of 18 l. for a fine of 2 l. 10 s. and 3 remain Prisoners at this time in this County, for Conscience sake.   

.  
THirteen persons for meeting, had Cattle, Corn, and other goods taken from them, to the value of 69 l. 6 s. 10 d. John Clark of ●atington, A Priest, being Informer in this County, the Officers with him went into a backside to distrein, and running after the Pigs, they saw a blind Horse, the Priest said they must take him, the Officers said he was worth little, he said they must take him, though they knock him on the head for his skin to sell.   

Sussex.  
TWenty four persons for meeting, had Cattle, Horses, Corn, and other-goods distreined from them, to the value of 66 l. 1 s.   

Suffolk, from 1670, to 1675.  
ONe hundred and thirty persons for meetings, had their Cattle Horses, Corn, Bedding, and other goods distreined, to the value of 1294 l. 1 s. 7 d. amongst others, some poor people, having some Nine, others 3 children, had taken from them the very Pot that should boil their meat in, and other small necessaries for their subsistence; and one poor Infant bereft of its Blanckets wherewith it was swaddled, with the Pillow and Bolster whereon it lay in the Cradle; others their bed taken from under them, and they left to lie on Straw.   

, from the year, 1670, to 1674.  
TAken, viz. Horses, Cowes, Sheep, Wool, Cloth, Beds, bedding, Pewter, Brass, Shoe, Stockings, Wheat, Meal, Bacon, and such like, to the value of 906 l. 3 s. 9 d. besides several other persons in this County have had their goods seized on, that as yet we know not the value of; amongst whom, is one, that had all his Brass and Pewter taken away, and not so much as a Pot lest to dress Victuals in: There hath also been much havoc made on the Goods of Widows, Poor, Aged, and Indigent people and Fatherless Children.   

Sallop  
TAken in Cloth, Stuffs, Pewter, Copper, Brass, and other household-goods, to the value of 51 l. 4 s. A poor old Widow woman, she then having in her Custody a Motherless Child, which was her Sons, the Man being then very Sick, and in danger of death; and the Priest, the Informer, having caused her Goods to be taken from her, she brought him the Child, and told him he must take care for it; but the same Evening he returned the Child to her, which she received: When her Son was recovered, he took the Child into another County, yet this Informer, the Priest, detaineth this Old-Woman in Prison, and saith he will keep her there, unless she will find Sureties that the Child shall not be troublesome to the Parish, although it was Born there, and its Father, and Grandfather continued there many years.   

Pembrokeshire.  
NIneteen Persons for Meetings had taken from them, Cows, Oxen, Sheep, Horses, Pigs, Corn, Hay, Beast, Pewter, Sheets, Blankets, Coverlids, Blow, with furniture and other Goods, to the value of 172 l. 5 s. 4 d. An Informer knocked one Person off his Horse with his stick, and drew his Sword and beat him, and so commanded the Constable to Distrain his Goods; taking from one poor Man his Coverlid, Sheets, and Blanket; Another poor man had only one Pig; which they took.   

.  
TAken from Twenty Eight Persons (whereof some poor, & maimed in the King's service) in money, Cows, Heifers, Calf's Pewter, Brass, and other Household Goods, and the Woman's Petticoat, and men's Shoes, to the value of 1000 l. 11 s. 11 d. One Robert Culliford, called a Justice, at a Meeting, kicked Deborah Coleman on the Belly, and several other places, and also struck her violently with his dog Whip, and pinched one man by the Ear, calling him Rogue and thief; and pinched several others till they were Black and Blue.  
A Saddle was taken worth 9 s. for 1 d. leavyed short before.  
A fine charged for a Speaker, he being known not to be at the Meeting that time, but elsewhere: another sworn against, yet not at the Meeting: A poor man to whom yarn was delivered to work on, had his door broke up, and it taken from him, for another's supposed offence. Tho. Dyker the Informer, going to Seize Henry Hodges Cowes, Henry's Wife, and Son, and Daughter, stood before the Cattle in the ground, being not willing to part with them; but the Informer in a rage drew his Sword, and threatened to run the Woman big with Child, through; and Henry Hodges standing by with a Child in his Arms, though he spoke not a word, he cut him on the Arm with his sword to the Bone, and struck him many other Blows; so that he broke his Sword in two pieces.  
In the same County Ten Persons Indicted as Popish Recusants, though known to be of the People called Quakers; and a writ of enquiry sent down to Commissioners, to inquire into their real and personal Estates: And others whose names we yet know not, are like to suffer upon the same Account.   

Lancashire.  
FOrty one Persons for Meeting, had goods taken away, to the value of 71 l. besides several fined not yet distreyned: Eight persons remaining in prison in this County, for nonpayment of Tithes; some of the aforementioned sufferers for Meetings, being poor, had all their Cattle, and Shop-Goods taken away.   

Leicester shire.  
SIxty Persons have had goods taken away; and fines imposed to the value of 333 l. 18 s. 8 d. One had all his goods in his House and Shop taken away; two other poor Men having each but one Cow, to give their young Children Milk, were both taken away, with their Beds and Blankets; all being not enough, George Villers called a Justice, required an Oath of the Officers, that they had not left one of them worth any thing. Nineteen persons fined, and have had goods taken away (for refusing to Swear) to the Value of 80 l. 13 s. 4 d.   

Stafford-shire, from 1670, to 1674.  
GOods and Cattle taken for Meetings, to the value of 75 l. 4 s. 10 d. Alice Bowman, for speaking a few sober words to a Priest and the people in their Meeting House was committed to the House of Correction, with her sucking child: under which hard usage the Child died.   

Hereford-shire. 1670, 1674.  
THirty two Persons for Meeting, had Goods and Cattle, taken from them; to the value of 330 l. 12 s. 4 d. Charles Bernard of Lemster, fined at two times 60 l. for which all his Goods, Chattels, and moveables were seized, and sold by the Officers and Informers, by a warrant from one Tomkins and John Barnaby, Knights.   

Berk-shire. 1670.  
GOods and Hay, taken from several persons in this County for Meeting; to the value of 40 l. 2 s. 6 d.   

Hamp-shire. 1670.  
TWo Persons fined for Meetings, had taken from them, Goods to the value of 36 l. 10 s.   

Wilt-shire.  
FIve persons for Meeting, had taken from them, Oxen, Cows, Sheep, Malt, Wool and Household Goods, to the value of 81 l. 9 s. 6 d. The seizers of these goods, came in at a Window at one house, and broke open a door at another; one of the five sufferers is a poor Woman having Children.   

Northumberland, 1675.  
SEven Persons committed to Prison for Meeting; one of them having been sick of the Flux this half year, was taken out of his Chamber very rudely, and without Mercy haled out of the Town, being scarce able to go on his legs.   

Devon-shire, from 1670; to 1674.  
SIxty one Persons for Meeting, had Pewter, Brass pots, Sheep, Warming Pan, Brass Kettle, Linen-cloth, Jack, Dishes, Candlestick, Fire-Pan, Weaving-Tooles, Wool-combing-Tooles, Householdstuff and necessaries for rigging a Ship, for 154 l. 13 s. fines: Taken to the value of 222 l. 10 s. 6 d. Two Labourers, for refuseing to carry away goods distrained, were commited to Prison: Four Constables sent to Jail, for not distreining People's Goods.   

Hartfordshire, from 1670. to 1675.  
TAken for Meeting, in Heifers, Horses, Sheep, Household Goods and Malt, to the value of 582 l. 10 s. Two Prisoners in this County, upon a writ of Excomunicato Capiendo, and another for non payment of Tithes.   

York shire.  
TAken for Meeting, in Horses, Cows, Sheep, Shop ware, and household-goods, to the value of 2381 l. 00 s. 3 d. Taken from one Person in this County Twenty-eight Head of Cattle, Nine Horses, and 130 Sheep, in all worth 130 l. And when the Constable affirmed at the Sessions, that he could not get the Goods sold; one of the Justices told him, you must sell them, though you sell Ten pounds worth for 10 s.  
And though the Losses have been so very great in this County, yet they are not to be compared to the Loss of their Trades, many of them being Trades men, and Labouring Poor men, who have had their Looms, Leads, and Tenters taken away, which was the Upholders of their Families. And some poor Women had their Goods taken, who were hardly able to get Food and Necessaries. Marry Toàd, a poor Widow, for having a Meeting at her House, one Francis Driffeild, called a Justice, sent a Warrant to bring her before him; but she was so Aged, she was not able to go on Foot nor Ride so far: Then he gave Order to Distrain 20 l. 5 s. on her Goods: The Informers told him her Goods was not, worth so much, well said he, take all she hath, which they performed as near as they could, not leaving her a Bed to lie on, taking her very , though she was but a poor Widow, Aged and in Debt.  
William Thornaby the younger, and John Allison, both of Richmond, grand Informers, searching for a Meeting at a Widows House, where they found three persons visiting the Widows Daughter, who lay very weak, not likely to live; and whilst they were Searching, there came in two other persons accidentally, one of which was a Kinswoman, and no Quaker, as was afterwards proved; nevertheless Thornaby set down their Names, and went to James Metcalf, called a Justice, who Fined the Persons, and granted a Warrant to Distrain; but th● Sufferers appealing, the most moderate Justices, judged this hard measure and illegal, and ordered the money to be returned. This is only noted to show the wickedness of these Informers, and some Justices.  
Note, That among the Sufferers, the Burden hath fallen exceeding heavy upon some Particulars, as Farmers, Trades men, Shopkeepers, Handicraft men, being Fined and Unreasonably Distrained, because of the Poverty of many others, whereof particular Instances may be given, if occasion require: This foregoing account being but an abstract of the many and great sufferings which we have received an account of already, and for expedition sake thus abreviated, there being also much more suffering, as we understand, in divers Countys, which we have not yet a full Account of, as in Norfolk, Cheshire, Cambridge, Suffolk, and some other places; the spoil being greatest where the Magistrates are ready to answer the Mercenary Informers; the Cry of whose destructive proceed is very loud in this Nation, and the Land mourns because of this Oppression: Therefore, we request your speedy redress of this Grievance, that the Poor, the Oppressed and Industrious Families may be Relieved, Eased, and Encouraged; and do likewise pray, that God would graciously be pleased to enlighten and open your understandings, and make your hearts tender and sensible that he may turn away his Wrath, and divert those heavy Judg-Judgments and Calamities which this Nation is liable to.  
We were always willing to give Caesar his due and we desire we may have liberty to give God his due in all respects, and to Serve, Obey, and Worship him in Spirit and Truth, and to meet together in the peaceable exercise thereof, as we are commanded. If we be Ruined in our Persons and Estates, or Masters of Families destroyed in Prisons, how can we pay the King's Taxes, or Landlords their Rents, or Contribute to the Service of King or Country? You may understand what lamentable havoc is made of us, and only for good Conscience in obeying God and Christ; for nothing contrary has been, sound against us, for which we suffer. It is the Liberty of the Gospel of Christ Jesus that we desire, knowing that neither He nor his Ministers did ever force any man to their Religion by Imprisonment or spoiling Goods; so as we are enjoined to stand fast in that Liberty wherewith Christ has made us free from the Thraldom of Satan, we desire this our liberty may not be infringed upon. We greatly suffered for our tender Consciences towards God in the other Powers days; and we think it very hard that we, who own the Lord Jesus Christ, should suffer in a Nation professing Christianity.  
You cannot be unsensible how many of us have also been Imprisoned and Premunired, because they durst not break the command of Christ and the Apostle, who commands not to Swear, but keep to Yea and Nay, Math. 5. Jam. 5. Wherefore we request that our Yea, Yea, and Nay, Nay, may be taken instead of an Oath; and when we are called to testify the Truth in any case, or bear any Office, if we break (or be found false in) our Yea, or our Nay, then let us suffer the same Punishment as they do that break their Oaths; and not for our Conscientiously refusing to Swear, while we speak the Truth, as we are still liable to suffer, unless you are pleased to grant a redress.  
Be it Remembered  
That there have suffered Imprisonment for Conscience-sake, since the King came into England, above 8000 of the People called Quakers; and since, near two hundred have died Prisoners by reason of their close Confinement. Of which number Seventy-nine Dyed in Newgate, and on Board the Ships, appointed for their Transportation in the time of the Contagion in London, being Prisoners; and many under the Sentence of Transportation, upon the Act against Conventicles: and 138 Persons Sentenced for Banishment.  
He that justifieth the Wicked, and the that Condemneth the Just, even they both are an abomination unto the Lord,  Prov. 17.15.  
THE END  Carefully Examined and Compared with the Original Accounts sent out of the Countries, on the behalf of the aforesaid Sufferers, By Ellis Hooks.