AN EXPLICATION OF THE DIAL SETT UP IN THE KING'S GARDEN AT LONDON, an. 1669. IN WHICH VERY MANY SORTS OF Dial's are contained; by which, besides the Hours of all kinds diversely expressed, many things also belonging to Geography, Astrology, and Astronomy, are by the Sun's shadow made visible to the eye. AMONGST WHICH, VERY MANY dials, ESPECIALLY the most curious, are new inventions, hitherto divulged be None. ALL THESE PARTICULARS ARE SHORTLY, yet clearly set forth for the common good, By the Reverend Father FRANCIS HALL., otherwise LINE, of the Society of JESUS, Professor of Mathematics. PRINTED AT LIEGE, By GUILLAUME HENRY STREEL, in the Year of our lord 1673. Superiorum Permissis. pyramidical dial A BRIEF EXPLICATION OF THE pyramidical DIAL set up in his Majestey Private Garden at White hall July 24. 1669. THE Dial being placed upona Pillar by his Majestey order, in the Privy Garden: it was intimated unto me by divers Worthy persons as à thing very Expedient, that an Explication should be published, of the use, of the several Dial's there contained. For although to divers of them were added à verse or two Explicating how the hour, etc. was to be found by them yet in regard many of them were new, and not te be found in any Author: and others belonging to Astronomy, Cosmography, etc. not so easily conceived by all, they judged very Expedient à Declaration there of should be set forth whereby such as came daily to see it, might receive more satisfaction. Hear upon, having soon after the setting up of the Dial, left London, and being arrived at my lodging in the Country, I began the said Explication: and being much desirous to add yet some further ornament to the Dial already placed, I began the making of four water Dial's to be placed at the 4. Corners of the pyramidical Dial in a competent distance from the same. To this undertaking I was moved, as well, by the opportunity of à fountain in the Privy Garden, so near the Dial: as also for that Experience had taught me, that such dials, as formerly I had made to show the Hour in several ways by water, were for their rarity and novelty no less pleasing to the beholder, than the rest. Being now very busy in these two Employments, and having towards the middle of winter made à considerable progress therein: I received à letter from à friend at London, wherein he told me, that the Dial, for want of à cover (which according to his Majesty's gracious order, should have been set over it in the winter) was much endomaged by the snow lying long frozen upon it; and that, unless à cover were provided (of which he saw little hope) another or two such tempestuous winters, would utterly deface it. Hereupon I laid aside as well the said Explication, as these Water's Dial's, it seeming to no purpose, an Explication should come forth, of the Use of the Dial, when it was now rendered Useless. Which resolution being understood by some of those worthy persons, who before, had urged for the publishing the said Explication they judged that not withstanding the Dial itself should be rendered Useless; yet the said Explication, was not to be omitted: since thereby would be given occasion to some other skilful Mathematicien (of which we have many in England) to set up another in place thereof both more specious and durable, and adorned with more variety of invention. This reason suiting well with the desire I formerly had, of adorning his Majesty's Garden with some curiosity that might in its kind surpass what might else where be found, I resolved to take in hand again the said Explication. Which that it may the better be performed, I will first enumerate the parts or pieces of which the whole Dial consists, and then descend to the dials described on each particular piece. CHAPTER I. Of the several parts of this Dial: and of the dials described on each part, in general. THis Dial Standing on à Pillar or Piedestall of stone, consists chiefly of 6. parts or pieces, one less than another, and placed one above another in form of a Pyramid, as yousée in the precedent page. Of the first Piece. THe first and largest of these 6. Pieces, or base of the said Pyramid, is à round Table of about 40. inches in Diameter: and some 8. or 9 inches in thickness: The Edge whereof is cut into 20. Equal plains, which being made hollow like so many boxes of an inch deep, are covered each of them with à clear polishd glass: and on the inside of each glass is described à Dial: whereof some of them show the Hour according to the Ancient or lews Manner of counting the Hours: Others according to the counting used by the Babylonians: Others according to the Italians: Others according to the way of counting used by Astronomers: and lastly others show what Hour it is according to our usual and ordinary way of counting the Hour, used in most parts of Europe. These 20. Dial's thus described on the Edge of this Table or first piece, are all vertical Declining Dial's: Whose Style or Gnomon, is Either à Lion's paw, or Unicorns Horn or such like relating to his Majesty's Arms, and painted on the bottom of the Box, as shall be said in the next Chapter. Moreover upon the upper part of this Table, are placed 8. Reclining Dial's, all made hollow, and covered with polishd, glass like the former: but differ chiefly in this that they show only the usual Hour in different ways: one of them shewing the Hout by the shade of the style falling upon the Hour-lines: another by the shade of the Hour lines falling upon the style: à third without any shade Either of Hour lines or style, etc. Upon this Piece stand also 4. Globes, cut into several Panes: upon one of which Globes are described several Dial's belonging to Geography: on an another, Dial's belonging to Astronomy: the third Dial's showing several things appertaining to Astrology, as what planet reigns every Hour: the Horoscope: Aspects of the sun with the stars, etc. There are also belonging to this piece, and yssuing out of the sides thereof towards the East, West, North and South 4. Iron branches supporting Each of them à glass Boule, which show the Hour, in 4. different ways to wit by the 4. Elements as shall hereafter be said. Of the second Piece. THe second Piece of the Pyramid is also a round Table, almost like the former, but somewhat less, having only 30. inches in diameter, and about in thickness. It stands upon the first, held up by 4. iron supporters. The Edge or circumference of this Table is cut into 16. Equal Plains, all made hollow, and covered with glass, like those of the first Table. But they differ from them in this, that here the Dial's are not described on the glass covers, but on the bottom of the boxes: neither doethey show the Hour, but the different Rising of the more remarkable stars, according to the three manner of Rise observed by Astronomers, to wit, the Cosmical Rising, the Acronycall, and the heliacal, as shall be declared hereafter, when we speak of the Dial's of this second piece. The style to each of these Dial's is à little star painted upon the inside of the glass cover, the better to keep it from the weather. Out of the sides of this Piece issue also 4. Branches towards the East, West, North and South, and carry on each of them à glass Boule to show the Hour, like those of the first Piece, but in à different way. For one of them shows the Hour by à style without à Shadow: another shows it by à Shadow without à style, etc. whereas those of the first Table show it by the 4. Elements, Fire, Water, Aer and Earth, as shall be said in their due place. On the upper part of this Table are plaeed 8. Reclininge Plains: 4. where of are covered each of them with à plate of lookingglass, on which the Hour lines, or style of à Dial being painted, are reflected upon the bottom inclining plains, of the Third piece, and there show the Hour, as shall be presently said. The other 4. have also Dial's upon them, which are to be seen each of them in a looking glass placed upon the said bottom inclining plains, of the Third piece: of which we shall now speak. Of the Third Piece. THe Third Piece of this pyramidical Dial, is à great Hollow Globe, of about 24. inches in diameter: and is placed immediately without any supporter, upon the second piece. The superficies of this Globe is cut into 26. plains: too whereof being octogones' serve for top and bottom. The rest are divided into 8. Equal Reclining plains. 8. Equal inclining plains: and 8. Equal vertical or upright plains. These plains are all of them made hollow like those of the first and second piece. The incliners are not covered with glass, but left open, that they may the better receive and show the Dial's reflected, as hath been said, from the second piece. Two of the 8. upright plains looking toward the North, have no bottoms: but are covered only with clear glass, as serving only for windows to look in to the Globe, and behold there the Dial's described on the Globe, which are seen as well without the same, as within. The other 6. have not only Each of them à cover of clear polishd glass with à Dial described thereon, like those of the first piece, but have also à glass for their bottom; which glass is thinnely painted over, with white colour, to the end the shade of the Hour lines drawn upon the cover, may be seen as well, within the Globe as without. On these bottom glasses are drawn several pictures, holding either à Sceptre, or à Troncheon, or the like, the end whereof points the Hour, you look for. Two also of the Recliners looking towards the north, have only à glass cover serving for à window to look into the Globe. The other 6. have double glass, like the former. Their Dial's are some drawn upon the cover, others upon the bottom: but all so contrived, that the Hour cannot beknown by them, but only by looking within the Globe. More over from the top of this Globe issue 4. iron Branches towards the 4. parts of the world, each of them carrying à glass Boule, proportionably less than those of the first and second piece: on which Bowl, are also Dial's described, but different from the former showing the Hour according to the several ways of counting the Hours. These Bowls are painted on the inside with thick colour to keep out the light, except à little place which is left clear like à star for the sun beams to pass through and show the Hour: and the place also where the Hourlines are drawn, is only painted on the outside thinnely with white colour, that the light of the sun passing through the said star may be seen, and show the Hour. Of the fourth Piece. THe fourth piece standing on the afore said Globe, and held up by 4. iron supporters, like to those which hold up the second piece, but proportionably less, is also à round Table of about 20. inches diameter, and 6. in thickness. The Edge of this Table is cut into 12. Equal superficies, not plain, as hitherto, but concave like so many concave semicylindres: On each of which is described à Dial, which shows the usual Hour by the shade of à Flower de luce fixed at the top of each semicylinder. From the top of this Table issue forth 4. iron Branches, carrying each à glass Boul just like those of the first, second and Third piece, though proportionably less. The Dial's described on these glass Bowls differ from those of the Third piece, not only because they show only the usual Hour; but also because here the Hourlines are all left clear for the sun beams to pass through: that by so passing they may exhibit the like Dial on the opposite side of the Bowl: which side is for that purpose, thinnly painted over with white colour, that the said Hours may be seen, and show the Hour by their passing over à little star painted in the middle thereof. Of the fifth Piece. THe fifth piece standing upon the 4th. and held up also by 4. iron supporters, is à Globe of about 12. inches diameter: whose superficies in cut into 14. plains, 8. whereof are Triangles Equal and Equilateral, the other 6. are Equal Squares. The Dial's described on these plains show only the usual Hour by the shade of a Flower de luce fastened to the top or bottom of each plain. Of the last or Highest Piece. THe Highest piece or top of the Pyramid, is à glass Boule of some 7. inches diameter, standing upon à foot of iron placed on the middle of the fift piece. The north side of this Boul is thinnly painted over with white colour, that the shade of à little golden Ball, that is placed in the middle of the Bowl may be seen to pass over the Hourlines, which are drawn upon the said white colour, and note the Hour. The Bowl is included between two circles of iron guilded, with à cross on the top. And thus much concerning the parts of this pyramidical Dial, in general. To which may be added, that the first 4. pieces have all their sides covered with little plates of black glass, fastly cemented to the said pieces, except those places whereon the Dial's are drawn: which being, as is said, covered also with plates of polished glass, there appears almost nothing on the outside of this Dial, but glass: which for the greater ornament of the Dial the angles or corners, where those little plates of black glass are joined together, are guilded, as almost all the iron work of the Pyramid, as well supporters, as Branches, style, etc. are either wholly, oras much as serves for ornament, covered in like manner with gold. CHAPTER II. Of the 20. Vertical dials described on the Edge of the first Piece. BY what is said in the precedent Chapter of the first Piece it appears, that besides the Dial's described on the 4. great Globes, which stand on the said first piece: there are 32. Dial's belonging thereto: Viz. 20. Vertical, or Upright Dial's: 8. Reclining Dial's: and 4. Spherical Dial's. Of the 20. Verticalls, we shall now speak in this Chapter: of the 8. Recliners in the next: and of the 4. Spherical in the 4th. Chapter. These Verticalls being made hollow Boxes, (as is said) covered with glass: the Hour-lines of each of them are drawn upon the glass: and the style (which is either à Lion's paw, or Unicorns Horn, etc.) is painted on the bottom of the box. Whence it follows, that whereas in the ordinary way of making sun Dial's, the shade of the style or Gnomon passes over the Hour-lines: here on the contrary the shade of the Hour-lines passes over the style. So that whereas before, when the sun did not shine, you saw nothing in the bottom of the box, but à painted Lion or Unicorn, etc. So now as soon as the sun shines, you may behold there à perfect Dial with all its lineaments and numbers exactly described, and just like the other drawn upon the glass cover: as being only the shade thereof caused by the sun beams passing through the said glass. Which shady Dial being moved by the motion of the sun from one part of the said bottom to another, shows by passing over the paw of the Lion, for example, the same Hour of the day, which in the ordinary Dial's is showed by the shade of the style passing over the Hours. These 20. Dial's, thus described are not all of the same kind, nor show the time of the day all in the same manner, but in very different ways, according to the different ways of numbering the Hours used by several sorts of people: Some beginning to count their Hours from sun Rising: others from sunne-setting: others from noon, and others from Midnight. And again, of those, who count from sun Rising: some count always 12. Hours from sun Rising till sun setting for the day: and as many from sun setting till sun Rising for the night: whether the days or nights be long or short. And these kind of Hours are therefore called the unequal Hours, as being longer or shorter according as the days are now longer, now shorter. Others there are, who also count from sun Rising, but continue the number till next sun Rising: counting always from sun Rising till sun Rising 24. Hours. According to which, it is all ways 24. à clock at sun Rising. Other on the contrary count always 24. Hours from sun setting till next sun setting: so that when sun sets, it is all ways 24. à clock. Others count also 24. Hours, but begin at Noon, and End at next Noon; and with these it is all ways 24. à clock at Noon. Lastly others begin at Midnight, and count 12. Hours till Noon: and then 12. more till Midnight: and according to these, it is all ways 12. à clock, at Noon and at Midnight. The first of these 5. ways, and which divides the space be 'tween sun Rising and setting into 12. Equal parts, making thereby the Hours unequal (as is said) that is longer in summer then in winter, is the Most ancient of all; and are therefore called Horae Antiquae. They were anciently used by the Iewes, at is manifest by divers places of holy writ. So that when in S. Matthew chap. 27. v. 54. it is said to have been darkness (at our Saviors passion) from the sixth Hour till the Ninth: it is to be understood according to our manner of reckoning the Hours: that there was darkores from Noon till about 3. à clock after dinner: since according to this counting by unequal Hours: it is all ways at Noon 6. à clock, and 12. at sun set. And for this reason, they are called here in the Dial Horae antiquae sive Judaicae. They are also called Horae Planetariae: because the Ancient Astrologers supposed à new Planet to reign in each of these unequal Hours. The second way of counting 24. Hours from sun Rising till sun Rising, is used by the Babylonians, and these Hours are therefore called Horae Babylonicae: the Babylonian Hours. The third way of counting 24. Hours from sun set to sun set, is used chiefly by the Italians: and therefore these Hours are called Horae Italicae: the Italian Hours. The fourth way counting also 24. Hours from Noon or Midday till next Midday, is used by Astronomers in calculating the places and positions of the stars and Planets in the Heavens, etc. And are therefore called Horae Astronomicae: Astronomical Hours. The fift and last way: which counts 12. Hours from Midnight to Noon, and as many from Noon to Midnight, is used as well in Most parts of Europe, as here in England: and is therefore styled in the Dial, the usual or vulgar way: and the Hours, Horae Vulgares; the vulgar or usual Hours. Now there being (as hath been said 20. Dial's placed on the Edge of this first piece: there is allotted in the Dial to each of the 5. sorts, 4. Dial's: which are so disposed, that at any time of the day you may behold the time of the day represented in every of those 5. manner of ways, And that they may be the better conceived it seemed good to set down one of each sort, in the next Page: which by their titles are easily know. For 1. those 4. whose title is, Per horas numeratas, ab ortu Solis, FIG. 1. more antiquo, sive Judaico, and have à Red Lion painted on the bottom, show by the shady Dial passing over the paw of the Lion, what à clock it is said to be at Whitehall, according to the Ancient or lews account. 2. Those 4. whose title is Per Horas numeratas ab ortu Solis more Babylonico, FIG. 2. and have painted on their bottom à Harp with à Sceptre, show by the shady Dial passing over the top of the Sceptre, what à clock it is at Whitehall according to the Babylonian way of the counting the Hours. 3. Those 4. whose title is, FIG. 3. Per Horas numeratas ab occasu Solis more Italico, and have on their bottom à Flower de luce, show by the like shady Dial passing over the top of the Flower de luce, what à clock it is there according to the Italian account. 4. Those 4. whose title is, Per Horas numeratas à Meridie more Astronomico, FIG. 4. and have on their bottom à Unicorn, show by the often mentioned shady Dial, what à clock it is to be said to be according to the count used by Astronomers. 1 ●er Horas Numeratas ab ortu Solis more Antiquo 〈◊〉 judaico 2 Per Horas Numeratas ab ortu Solis more Babylonico 3 Per Horas Numeratas 〈◊〉 ●●casu Solis more Ita●●●● 4 Per Horas Numeratas a Meridie more Astronomico 5 Per Horas Numeratas a Media nocte more Vsitato Lastly, these 4. whose title is, Per horas numeratas à Meridie & media nocte, FIG. ●. moreusit ato, and have on the bottom à Lion painted in its natural colour, show by the shady Dial, passing over the Lion's paw, what à clock it is according to the usual and ordinary way of reckoning the Hours. So that for example: if at the beginning of July (at what time the sun rises at 4. clock and sets at 8.) I find by looking on the usual Dial, that it is just 8. à clock in the morning I shall find à the same time by the Ancient or Judaical Dial, to be just 3. à clock: by the Babylonian to be 4. by the Italian 12. and by the Astronomical to be 20. and thus much for the use of these 20. Vertical Dial's. Now the reason of their difference from the ordinary Dial's which show the Hour by the shade of the style passing over the Hour-lines is, that the sun being moved in the same manner, whether the shade of the Hour-lines be moved over the style, or on the contrary, the shade of the style moved over the Hour-lines the self same effect, in order to the showing the Hour, must needs follow both ways: since the Hour-lines are no other than the sections, which the plains of the Hour circles in the Heavers make with the plain of the Dial: in each of which plains, the style also is, as insensibly differing from the Axis of the world. From whence it follows, that the afore said Dial's being made according to the ordinary way of making the like vertical declining Dial's, are to be inverted, to the End they may show the Hour. CHAPTER III. Of the 8. Reclining Dial's Standing upon the first Piece. THe 8. Reclining Dial's, being also made hollow, and covered with glasses like these 20. verticalls we now spoke of, show only the usual Hour; but perform it in different, or rather contrary ways one to another. For of those 4. which stand upon the south part of the Table; one shows the Hour by the shade of the style passing over the Hour-lines. Another on the contrary shows it by the shade of the Hour-lines passing over the style. A third shows it both ways; as well by shade of style passing over Hours, as shade of Hours passing over style. The fourth shows the Hour without shade either of style or Hourlines. In like manner, of those 4. which stand on the North part of the Table, in one you see the Hour-lines, but no style. In another you see the style, but no Hours. In à third you see neither style nor Hours, unless the sun shine, as shall be declared by and by. In the fourth, you see indeed both Hours and style: but in à different way from what hath been hitherto practised: for here you behold the style in the same superficies with the Hour-lines. Whereas in the common practice of dialing, the style is always lifted above the superperficies in which are the Hour-lines, to the end it may cast its shade upon them. And thus much of these 8. Reclining Dial's in general. We shall now speak of them in particular and first. Of those 4. Which stand upon the south part of the Table. THe first of these 4. whose title is, Per umbram styli, and shows, FIG. 6. (as is said) the Hour by the shade of the style passing over the Hour-lines, hath upon the glass cover, painted à little star: which serves for style: and on the bottom are drawn the Hour-lines: over which the shade of the said star passing shows the Hour. The second whose tittle is, Per umbram Horarum, and shows the Hour by the shade of the Hours passing over the style, FIG. 7. hath upon the glass cover painted à Harp, whose strings are the Hour-lines: and on the bottom is painted à Flower de luce, whose top serves for style. So that by the shade of those strings passing over the Flower de luce, the Hour is known. The third, whose title is, Per umbram tam styli quàm Horarum, FIG. 8. and shows the Hour as well by the shade of the Hours passing over the style, as by thes hade of the style passing over the Hours, hath upon the glass cover à Unicorn painted with certain little stars on his back: each of which standing for an Hours, hath its number written over it. On the bottom are drawn the Hour-lines of à Dial, and by them à Sceptre: so that when the sun shines you may behold the Unicorns shade being moved by the motion of the sun, to note the Hour with the end of its Horn: and at the same time, the shade of the said little stars, to show the same Hour by passing over the Sceptre. 6 PER VMBRAM STYLI 7 PER VMBRAM HORARUM 8 PER VMBRAM TAM STYLI QVAM HORARUM 9 SINE VMBRA VEL STYLI VEL HORARUM As for the reason of the three first, there needs to add no more than what hath been said of the 20. vertical Dial's. But concerning the 4th. the reason why the style or Flower de luce lies in the same superficies with the Hour-lines, is, that the said luminous Flower de luce arising out of the painted Flower de luce, and showing the Hour, is reflected from à looking glass placed upon the bottom of the Dial. Of the other 4. Reclining Dial's, Which stand upon the North Part hof the Table. THe three first of these Dial's are so contrived, that the Hour cannot be other wise known by them, then by looking through à little Ring placed on the back of the Dial: as shall now be explicated. For in the first, FIG. 10. whose title is, Per Horas latentes, if you look on the face of the Dial, you perceive no Hour lines, but only à style, that is à Flower de luce painted upon the cover: and on the contrary if you look on the back of the Dial through the said Ring, you shall see the Hour-lines, but no style, unless the sun shine: for than you shall behold the shade of the said Flower de luce to pass over the said Hour-lines, and note the Hour. 10 PER HORAS LATENTES 11 PER LATENTEM STYLUM 12 PER LATENTES TAM HORAS QUAM STYLUM 13 PER TAM HORAS QUAM STYLUM PATENTES In the third, FIG. 12. whose title is, Per latentes tam Horas quà stylum, you see neither Hours nor style by looking on the Dial but if you look (as before) on the back: you may behold the Hourlines: and if the sun shines, you may perceive also à little star, to pass over them, and show the Hour. Lastly in the Fourth, whose title is, Per tam stylum quàm Horas patentes, FIG. 13. there appears both style and Hours: but the style is without shade, and the Hours without lines. That is upon the glass cover are painted certain little stars, serving for the Hours: and à Sceptre serving for style: out of which Sceptre, when the sun shines, you may behold another Seepter of light to issue, and by passing under the said stars, to show the Hour. Now for the reason, why in the three first you cannot see the Hour, but by looking through the Ring on the back of the Dial: it is, because their bottoms being glass thinnely painted over with white colour, nothing can be seen by looking on the face of the Dial, that is drawn on the lower side of the bottom glass: and on the contrary, by looking on the back, nothing can be seen that is drawn upon the glass cover, but only the shade there of, when the sun shines. The reason of the fourth, is the same which was given for the fourth of those, which stand on the south part of the Table. CHAPTER iv Of the 4. glass Bowls standing on the 4. Branches of the first Piece. THese 4. Bowls show also the usual Hour in 4. different ways. For one of them shows the Hour by Fire: another by Water: the third by the Air: and the fourth by the Earth: as we shall now declare. Of the first Bowl. THe first there fore, whose title is, Per Ignem, FIG. 14. and shows as is said, the Hour by Fire, is à little glass Boule filled with clear water. This Boul hath about 3. inches in diameter, and is placed in the middle of another Sphere of about 6. inches in diameter, consisting of several iron Rings or circles representing the Hour circles in the Heavens. The Hour is here known by applying your hand, to the said Hour circles, when the sun shines: for that circle where you feel your hand burnt by the sun beams passing through the Bowl filled with water, shall show the true Hour: according to the Latin verse there adjoigned. Cratem tange: manusue Horam tibi reddet adusta. The reason of this Dial is, that the parallel rays of the sun passing through the said little Boul are bended, by the densily of the water, into à cone or pyramid, whose vertex reaches à little begond those Hour circles, and there burns the hand applied. For so many rays being all united into à point, must needs make an intense heat. Which heat is so powerful in the summer time that it will fire à piece of wood applied unto it. Of the second Bowl. THe second Bowl, whose title is, Per Aquam, shows the Hour by water: FIG. 15 that is by the rays of the sun passing through the water, with which the Bowl is filled, as in the praecedēt. Which rays although they be bended by the density of the water, as before, yet they burn not, being cut of at their going out of the Bowl, by à little white colour laid thinnely on that part where they break out: making thereby only à round circle of light upon the said colour: the centre of which circles shows the Hour amongst the Hour circles, there described on the said white colour: as the Latin verse doth also explicate, Luminis hîc centrum qui tangit, tangit & Horam. The reason of this Dial (besides what we now said of the bending of the rays) is, that these Hour-circles being no other than the sections, which the plains of the celestial Hour-circles crossing each other in the centre of the bowl make in the superficies thereof: and the said centre of the circle of light mad on te Boule, answearingt perpetually to the centre of the sun, it necessarily follows, that it show always the true Hour. As any one knowing but the first Principles of Dialling will conceive. Of the Third Bowl. 14 PER IGNEM 15 PER AQUAM 16 PER AEREM 17 PER TERRAM Now the reason, why by those little pictures of the sun, seen both under the same Hour-circle, or parallel to it, you find the Hour, is, that those Hour circle's described on the Bowl, being the sections, which the plains of the celestial Hour-circles make in the superficies of the Bowl, (as was said also of the second Bowl) and these two little suns being reflected one of them from the convex superficies of the Bowl, and the other from the concave: it follows by the Rules of Reflection, that those two pictures of the sun, are both seen in the same plain in which is also the eye which seethe, and the sun which is seen. Wherefore since the sun is always in the plain of the true Hour-circle: it necessarily follows, that the eye behold both those pictures, at the true Hour. For although one Reflection cannot sufficiently determine the eye to behold the sun in the true Hour-circle: yet two reflections suffice. Where is also to be noted, that these three Bowls we have now spoke of, have this praeeminence above all other Dial's depending on the shade of the style, that they show the Hour, when by none of those others it can be discerned: that is when the sun shines so dimly that it casts no perceptible shadow. Of the fourth Bowl. THe fourth Bowl whose title is, FIG. 17. Per Terram shows what à clock it is in any part of the world. Which is here performed by à Geographical description of the whole earth upon the inward superficies of the Bowl: together with à Meridian circle movable upon the North and South poles: and the Equinoctial circle divided into its 24. Equal Hours and fastened to the said Meridian, at the Hour of 12. at which place also, is erected à Flower de luce: and at the North pole is fastened à third. The bowl being thus prepared, and rightly placed: if you turn the said movable meridian till the flower de luce cast no shade upon the Bowl, and then bringing the third over any part of the world till it cross the Equinoctial circle: you shall see the Hour there noted belonging to that part or parts, of the world, over which the said third passes: according to the verse there adjoined: Umbram tolle Orbi, totumue stat Hora per Orbem. CHAPTER V Of the 4. great Globes Standing on the first Piece. Of the first Globe. THe first therefore or these Globes, whose title is, Horologia Geographica, having about 13. inches in diameter, hath its superficies cut into 32. plains; whereof 20. are Triangles all equal and equilateral. The other 12. are Pentagones' or fiveangled figures, all of them likewise equal one to another. Some of these Pentagones' are made hollow like Hemisphaeres, others like cones, the rest, as also the Triangles, are left plain. The Dial's described as well on the Pentagones', as on the Triangles have for style, à sharp pointed iron perpendicularly erected. The Dial's described on the Pentagones' show not only the situation, of the more remarkable countries in the world, but also what several actions, are performed in them, at the same time: for example, who are now at Dinner, who at supper, who are rising, who sleeping, etc. For those two, FIG. 18 whose title is, Tempus surgendi, show by the shade of the style in what part of the world it is time of Rising, or 6. à clock in the Morning. Those, FIG. 19 whose title is, Tempus Prandendi, show in the same manner, in what part of the world, it is time of Dining or Midday. Those whose title is. FIG. 20. Tempus Coenandi, show in what country it is supper time, or 6. à clock at night. Those, FIG. 21. whose title is, Tempus Dormiendi, show where it is Midnight, or time of sleeping. 18 TEMPUS SURGENDI In jamaica In Guiana In Groenlandia In Brasilia In canarijs In Lusitania In Hispania 19 TEMPUS DORMIENDI In Nova Albion In California In Nova Granada In No●● Hispania In Virginia In Nova Anglia In Marilandia In Islandia 20 TEMPUS PRANDENDI Apud Mogores In Nova Zembla In Tartary I● Arabia In Moscovia In Polonia In Dania 21 TEMPUS CAENANDI In Cauchinchina In Bengala In Camba●a In Persia In Sinu-Arab: In Arabia 22 Habents supra caput Tropicus Capricorni AEquator Tropicus Cancri Zefata Nubia Oceani● AEthiopia Brasilia Tabair Guiana Now for the 20. Equilateral Triangles: the Dial's described on them, FIG. 23. & 24. show only what à clock it is in this or that particular place, according to the usual way of counting the Hours from Midnight to Noon, and from Noon to Midnight whereof only three examples are here set down. For example, one of these Dial's shows what à clock it is at Jerusalem: another at Constantinople: another in Jamaica, etc. Of the second Globe. THe second Globe, whose title is, Horologium Astronomicum ostendens, etc. is just like the former, whereof we have now spoken: that is the superficies thereof is cut into 12. Pentagones' and 20. Triangles. But the Dial's, described on these Pantagones' and Triangles, are much different from those of the former. As not showing the Hour of the day: but divers other things belonging to Astronomy, as the Azimuth or distance of the Sun from the South: The Almicantarath, or Height of the Sun above the Horizon: what Hour he rises and sets: and the like as shall now be said. 23 JEROSO LYMIS 24 CONSTANTINOPOLI First therefore the Dial, whose title is, Azimuth Solis à Meridie, FIG. 25. shows by the shade of the style (which in each Dial here also is perpendicularly erected) how many degrees the Sun is distant from the true Soutb, at such time as you look upon the Dial. The lineaments of this Dial, are no others than the sections, which the plains of the vertical circles crossing Each other on the top of the Style, make with the superficies of the Dial. 2. The Dial whose title is, FIG. 26. Altitudo Solis supra Horizontem, shows how many degrees the Sun is elevated above the Horizon. The lineaments of this Dial are the Sections which the superficies of the Dial makes with those Cones whose bases are parallel to the Horizon, and whose common vertex is the top of the style: or centre of the Earth. 3. The Dial, whose title is, Incipit Aurora, shows at what Hour begins Break of Day, FIG. 27. that is when first the Crepusculine Arch gins to appear. The lineaments by which this is here performed are the Sections, which the superficies of the Dial, makes with the Cones, whose bases are parallel to the Equator, and whose common vertex, is the top of the style, or Earth's centre. 4. The Dial, whose title is, Sol Oritur, shows by the now named Sections of those cones, FIG. 28. whose bases are parallel to the Equator, at what Hour the Sun riseth: and by consequence, when he sets. 25 Azimuth Solis a Mere 26 Altitudo Solis 27 Sol oritur 28 Incipit Aurora 5. The Dial, which hath for title, In quo signo Zodiaci sit Sol, FIG. 29. & 30. shows by the said sections of the superficies of the Dial with the cones, whose bases are parallel to the Equator, in what part or sign of the Zodiac the Sun is. But because the shade, of the top of the style falls twice every year, upon the same section, by reason of the Sun's ascending and descending from the one Tropic to other: therefore to avoid confusion, here are two Dial's, of the same sort, one serving from the 10th. of December to the 10th. of June: the other from the 10th. of June to the 10th. of December. 6. The Dial, whose title is, Dies Mensis shows by the like conical sections now mentioned, FIG. 31 & 32. what Day of the month it is: at least, as near as can be expected in so little à form. Hear are likewise two Dial's of the same sort, for the reason now mentioned. And these Dial's which in this second Globe, we have hitherto spoken of are all of them described on the Pentagones'. Those which follow are described on the Triangles. 7. The Dial, whose title is, In qua parte Horizontis incipiat Aurora, FIG. 33. shows in what part of the Horizon gins the Break of the Day: that is, in what part thereof gins first to appear the convex part of the Crepusculine Arch: Whether just in the East, or in the North East, or South East, etc. And by consequence, in what part also the Evening Twilight Ends. The lineaments of this Dial, are the Sections which the plains of the vertical circles crossing Each other on the top of the style, Make with the plain of the Dial. 29 In quo Signo Zodiaci sit Sol. a 10 Dec. ad 10 junij 30 In quo Signo Zodiaci sit Sol. a 10 junij ad 10 Dec. 31 Dies Mensis a 10 Dec. ad 10 junij jan Feb: Martius Aprilis Maijus jun 32 Die Mensis a 10 junij ad 10 Dec. Nou: Oct: Sept: Aug: julius junius 33 In qua Parte Horizontis incipiat Aurora 34 Duratio Crepusculi 9 The Dial, whose title is, In qua coeli plaga existat Sol, shows by the Sections of the Vertical circles, FIG. 35. see n. 7. in what part of the Heaven the Sun is: Whether in the East or West, outh East, or South West, etc. 10. The Dial, FIG. 36. whose title is, Amplitudo Ortiva Solis, shows by the conical Sections Mentioned n. 3. how many Degrees the Sun rises wide of the true East point whether towards the North, or towards the South. 11. The Dial, FIG. 37. whose title is, Quot Horae restent ad occasum Solis, shows by the Sections of the Italians (see c. 2. n. 3.) Hour circles with the superficies of the Dial, How many Hours rest till Sun set. 12. The Dial, FIG. 38. whose title is, Quota pars Diei sit Elapsa, shows by the Sections of the Unequal (see ibid. n. 3.) Hour circles, what part of the Day, or space from Sun Rising to Sun setting is now spent, whether the third, or fourth, or fift, etc. 13. The Dial, FIG. 39 whose title is, Declinatio Solis shows by the conical Sections Mentioned n. 3. the Sun's Declination: that is how many Degrees he is distant from the Equator. 14. The Dial, whose title is, Qua Hora Sol perveniat ad verum Orientem, FIG. 40. shows by the same conical Sections, at what Hour the Sun comes to be just East: and by consequence, at what Hour after dinner he willbe just West. 35 In qua Caeli Plaga existat Sol. 36 Solis Amplitudo ortiva 37 Quot Horae restent ad occasum Solis 38 Quota Pars Diei sit elapsa 39 Solis Declinatio. 40 Qua Hora Sol Perveniat ad Vera orientem 15. The Dial, whose title is, Refractio Solis, show by the conical Sections spoken of n. 2. the Sun's Refraction; FIG. 41. that is how many minutes he appears to be Elevated above his true height, by the bending of his rays in passing through our thick Atmosphaere. 16. The Dial, whose title is, Quoties umbra contineat Corpus Erectum, FIG. 42. shows by the shade of the style falling upon the aforesaid conical Sections Mentioned n. 2. how often the shadow of a body perpendicularly Erected upon à plain parallel to the Horizon contains the length of the same body. 17. The Dial, whose title is, Longitudo Diei, shows by the shade of the Style falling upon the conical Sections spoken of n. 3. the length of the Day: FIG. 43. that is, how many Hours are between sun rising and setting. Lastly, the Dial, whose title is, Quot sint Horae Elapsae ab ortu Solis, FIG. 44. shows, (by the shade of the style falling upon the Sections, which are made in the superficies, of the Dial, by the plains of those circles, which divide all the parallels of the Sun's daily, motion into 24. Equal parts: according to what was said c. 2. n. 2.) How Many Hours have passed since Sun's Rising. Of the Third Globe. 41 Solis Refractio 42 Quoties Vmbra Contineat Corpꝰ erectum 43 Diei Longitudo. 44 Quot sint Horae ab Ortu Solis 45 Constellationes Orientes a 10 Decembris ad 10 junij. Aries Taurus Orion Leo Virgo Serpentari 46 Constellationes Orientes a 10 junij ad 10 Decembris. Pisces Pegasus Libra Virgo Leo Cancer First therefore those two Dial's, whose title is, Constellationes Orientes, FIG. 45. & 46. show by the shade of the style, what constellation, or company of stars, begin then to rise above the Horizon: provided that you look upon the Dial belonging to the time of the year in which you are in according to what was now said. The lineaments of these Dial's, are the Sections, which the plain of the Ecliptic circle makes with the superficies of the Dial, at such time, as those several constellations, noted upon the Dial, begin to rise. 2. Those two, whose title is, Constellationes Occidentes, show in like manner, what Constellation gins then to set, or go under the Horizon. The lineaments of these two Dial's, are the Sections, which the plain of the Ecliptic circle makes with the superficies of the Dial, at such time, as this or that constellations gins to set. 3. Those two Dial's, whose title is, Constellationes existentes in Meridie, show what Constellation gins to pass the Meridian circle, or full South. Which is here performed by the Sections, which the plain of the Ecliptic circle makes with the superficies of the Dial, when the several Constellations there noted, begin to pass the Meridian circle. 4. Those two, whose title is, Constellationes existentes in ipso Oriente, show what Constellations stand just East, whether it be in the Horizon, or elevated above the same. Which they perform by those Sections, which the plain of the Ecliptic makes with the plain of the Dial, when Such Constellations, as are there noted, do pass the East circle, or first Vertical. 3. Those who, whose title is, Constellationes existentes in ipso Occidente, show on the contrary what Constellations stands just West. Which is done by the like Sections made by the Ecliptic, when those Constellations begin to pass the true West. 6. Those two Dial's, whose title is, Constellationes existentes supra Caput, show what Constellation stands, over your Head. Which is also done by the à fore said Sections, made when the Constellations there noted, pass the Zenith, or vertical point. Now these 12. Dial's being all made (as is said) by the Sections of the Eccliptike with the superficies of the Dial: it will be sufficient to give here à Diagramme of the two first. But because these 2. Dial's show only what situation the stars, have in the Day time, when the stars cannot be seen, unless there should happen à total Eclipse of the Sun: there are therefore described on the same Globe 6. other Dial's, showing what situation the stars will have at 8. à clock at night; à time proper, to behold them and see the truth of the Dial. Wherefore 7ᵒ. Those two Dial's, whose title is, Constellationes existentes in Oriente Horâ octauâ Vespertinâ, FIG. 47. & 48. show what Constellation will stand just Eastward at 8. à clock at night. Which is here performed, by the Sections, which the superficies of the Dial makes with those cones, whose bases are parallel to the Equator, and whose common vertex is the top of the style. Or centre of the Earth. 8. Those two, whose title is, Constellationes existentes in Occidente Horâ octauâ Vespertinâ, show by the now named sections, what Constellation will be just Westward, at 8. à clock in the Evening. Lastly those, two, whose title is, Constellationes existentes in Meridie Horâ octauâ Vespertinâ, show by the sections, which their superficies make with there aforesaid Cones, what Constellation, at 8. à clock at night, will be just South. And these 6. Dial's being all made by the Sections of the same Cones, it will suffice to place here the Diagramme of the two first. And thus much of the Third Globe. Of the fourth Globe. THe fourth and last Globe, whose title is, Horologium Astronomicum, is also cut into 20. Triangles equalland Equilateral, just like the precedent. The Dial's described on these Triangles, belong to Astrology: and are placed here for those who are delighted with such conjectural uncertayntyes. These Dial's are as followeth. 47 Constellationes in Oriente Hora 8 va Vespert: a 10 Decembris ad 10 junij Cancer Leo Virgo Bootes 48 Constellationes in Oriente Hora 8 va Vesp: a 10 junij ad 10 Dece Perseus Andromeda Cygnus Lyra 49 Domus Astrologica Solis Domus 7●… ᵃ Domus ● ua Domus 9 na Domus 10 ma Domus 11 ma 50 Signum Horoscopans a 10 Decembris ad 10 junij ♓ ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♍ ♎ ♏ ♐ ♑ 51 Signum Horoscopans a 10 junij ad 10 Decembris ♒ ♑ ♐ ♏ ♎ ♊ ♉ ♈ ♓ 2. Those two Dial's, FIG. 50. & 51. whose title is, Signum Horoscopans, show the Horoscopon (as Astrologers term it) that is which of the 12. signs do begin to rise above the Horizon. Which is here performed by the Sections, which the plain of the Ecliptic makes at the time they begin to rise, with the superficies of the Dial. 3. Those, whose title is, Signum Culminans show by the like sections of the Ecliptic with the superficies of the Dial, what Sign, of the Zodiac is in the Meridian, or full South. Wherefore these 4. Dial's being made by the same sections, it suffises also to put à Diagram only of the two first. 4. Those Dial's, which here serve for the several days of the week show what Planet reigns, according to the opinion of ancient Astrologers, Every Hour of that Day. So the Dial, FIG. 52. FIG. 53. whose title is, Dominatur die Lunae, shows what Planet reigns at any time of the Day on Monday. And in the same Manner, the Dial, whose title is, Dominatur die Martis shows what Planet reigns at any time on Tuesday. And so of the rest. The lineaments of these Dial's, being all alike, to wit the sections, which the plains of the Unequal Hour circle's make with the superficies of the Dial; it will be sufficient also to put here the Diagrams of the two first. 5. Those two Dial's, whose title is, Conjunctio Solis cum Stellis Fixis, FIG. 54. & 55. show with which of the more remarkable fixed stars the Sun is in conjunction; or under the same circle of longitude. 52 Die Lunae Dominatur Saturnus jupiter Mars Sol Venus 53 Die Martis Dominatur Sol Venus Mercuri Luna Saturnus 54 Coniunctio Solis Cum Stellis Fixis Cum L●…orso ♑ Cum Femore ♒ Cum Cauda ♓ aust Cum Corna ♈ Cum Cauda ♈ Cum Oculo ♉ Cum Cornu dex ♉ 55 Coniunctio Solis Cum Stellis Fixis Cum Fro●te ♏ Cum La●…nce aust Cum Spica ♍ Cum Alasin ♍ Cum Cord ♌ Cum Asellis THE SIXTH CHAPTER. Of the Dial's described on the Edge of the second Piece. 1. THose Dial's, which described on the Edge of this Table, FIG. 56, & 57 have for title, Stellae Orientes Cosmicè, show what star risen Cosmically, (that is to say, rose at the same time when the Sun risen) on the Day you look upon the Dial: provided you look upon the Dial belonging to the time of the year: here being two Dial's of the same Sort, one for the one half of the year, and another for the other half. 2. Those Dial's, whose title is, Stellae Orientes Acronicè, show what star will rise Acronically; that is, will rise just at Sun setting. Where also care is to be had, that you look upon the Dial agreeable to the time of the year. 56 Stellae Orientes Cosmice. a 10 Decemb: ad 10 jun: Ala Pegasi Triangulum Pessin ♑ Cornu ♈ Pessin Aurigae oculus ♉ 57 Stella Orientes Cosmice a 10 junij ad 10 Decemb: Sagitta Spica ♍ Arcturus Cauda ♌ Sirius Canicula 58 Per Horas Sine Stylo 59 Per Stylum sine Horis Now the lineaments of these Dial's being all of the same sort: to wit such conical sections, as the plain, of the Dial makes with those Cones, whose bases are parallel to the Equator; and whose common vertex is at the top of the style, that is at the middle of the little painted star, which here in Each Dial represents the style: This I say being so it will suffice to place here two Diagrams of the first sort. THE SEAVENTH CHAPTER. Of the 8. Reflecting Dial's placed on the top of the second Table. THe reason why these Dial's placed upon the second Table were made by reflection of looking glasses, was not so much for variety as for necessity. For the Table Standing high, the Dial's placed on the upper part thereof, could not have been seen, but by being reflected on the bottom or inclining plains of the great Globe, which stands (as in said in the first Chapter) upon this second Table. Whereas now being reflected they are weary well seen upon the said bottom, together with their titles, as followeth. 1. The Dial's, FIG. 58. whose title is, Per Horas sine stylo, hath its Hour-lines described and visible on the bottom of the à fore said Globe; but by the style which is à Flower de luce, being painted upon à looking, glass placed on the Table, appears not: but only the shadow thereof appears: which being reflected upon the said Hour-lines drawn on the bottom of the Globe, shows the Hour: according to the verse there adjoined. En Horas! stylus à lucenti Sole petendus. These Hourlines being no other than the sections which the plains of the ordinary Hour circles, crossing Each other upon the top of the said Flower de luce, make with the plain of the Dial, there needs say no more but that it is à Reflex Dial, supposing always the Sun as much depressed under the Horizon, as it is defacto Elevated above it. 2. The Dial, whose title on the contrary is, FIG. 59 Per stylum sine Horis, hath its style (which is à Lion's paw) painted upon the bottom of the Globe: and therefore easy to be seen: but the Hour-lines being drawn upon à looking glass placed upon the Table, appear not: only their shadow reflected upon the said Lions paw show the Hour: according to what the verse there intimates, Da mihi Phoebe Horas: Horamque tibi ungue notabo. This Dial being only the former inversd, according to what was said of the like inversion in the second Chapter, there needs add no more. As also neither is it needful to say any more of the other, which there in the self same manner shows the Hour by the Hour-lines reflected upon the end of an Unicorns Horn: according to the verse: Sol mihi luce dat Horas, Horam do tibi Cornu. 3. In the Dial, whose title is, Sine Horis vel stylo, appear neither Hour-lines nor style, unless the Sun shine: for than you see them both: that is you see the shadow of both style and Hour-lines reflected from the looking glass upon which the said Hour-lines are drawn. This Dial differing nothing from an ordinary Reclining Dial Declining we need say no more thereof: as neither of the other 4. which also differ no otherwise from ordinary Dial, then that they are not to be otherwise seen then each of them in à looking glass placed on the bottom of the great Globe. Wherefore it will suffice to place the Diagrams of the two first. THE EIGHTH CHAPTER. Of the 4. Dial's supported by the 4. Branches of the second Piece. THese 4. Dial's are drawn Each of them upon à glass Boule of about 5. Inches diamether: and show the usual Hour, by 4. different ways. Viz. by à shade without any style: by à style without any shade: by à style and shade: and without either style or shade. 1. The Dial, FIG. 60. whose title is, Per stylum sine umbra, shows the Hour by moving the style, (which here is à Flower de luce fixed on à movable Aequator) to and fro till it cast no shade upon the Bowl: which being done, the Hour sought for shall stand just under the style; as the verse there added declares: Nulla sit umbra stylo: Veram stylus indicat Horam. Now the reason, why the style casting no shade on the Bowl, stands over the true Hour, is, that these Hours lying all in the sections, which the plains of the Hour circle's make in the superficies of the Bowl, it is necessary, that then the top of the style be in the plain of the same Hour circle, in which at that time is also the centre of the Sun. 60 Per Stylum Sine Vmbra 61 Per Vmbram sine Stylo 62 Per Stylum &. Vmbra 63 Sine Stylo Vel Vmbra 3. The Dial, FIG. 62. whose title is, Per stylum & umbram, shows the Hour by the shade of à style perpendicularly Erected upon the superficies of the Bowl and therefore differs nothing from an ordinary Dial described on the convex superficies of à Globe; There are three Such Dial's placed upon this Boul, to the End, that when the shade of the style ceases, by reason of the convexity of the Bowl, to show the Hour in one, may show it in another. Lastly the Bowl, FIG. 63. whose title is, Sine stylo vel umbra, shows the Hour without Either style or shadow: for if you place yourself so as to behold your face in the Middle of the little convex looking glass which is there paced on the South pole of the Bowl, you shall at the same time, if the Sun shine, behold the picture thereof at the true Hour: according to the verse, there adjoined: Spectanti Speculum, Horam dat tibi Solis imago. The reason whereof is, that the Eye when placed, as is said, being in the Axis of the World: and by consequence, in the plain of all the Hour circles, and therefore in the plain of the true Hour circle: in which plain also the centre of the Sun being necessaryly placed, it follows that the said picture of the Sun appear at the true Hour: since by the Rules of Beflexion, the Eye seeing and the point seen, are in the same plain with the point of the Reflection. As for the Hour-lines of these 4. Dial's, they are no other than the sections or some point of them, which the plains of the Hour circles makes in the superficies of the Bowls. Which plains in the first, second and fourth, cross Each other in the eenter of the Bowl: but in the third, they Cross one another at the top of the style. THE NINTH CHAPTER. Of the Dial's described on the great Globe which stands on the second Table. THis Globe having 8. Reclining Plains. 8. Inclining, and 8. Upright plains: The Dial's described on them are as followeth. 1. Six of the 8. Upright plains being made hollow like those 20. on the Edge of the first Table, are covered also with glass, and Dial's described on them, just like those 20. the difference only being, that here the bottoms are also covered with glasses thinnely painted over with white colour, to the End the Dial's may be seen as well within the Globe, as without: To which purpose, two of these upright plains, looking towards the North, are covered only with clear glass, as Serving for windows to look into the Globe. On the said bottom glasses, are drawn several pictures, as of their Majesty's; the Queen Mother; the Duke of York. Prince Rupert, etc. In his Majesty's picture the Hour is shown by the shade of the Hour-lines passing over the top of the Sceptre: In the pictures of the two Queens, it is shown by the like shade passing over the top of à Flower: and in the other three, by passing over the end of à troncheon, which each of them hold in their hands. Under each picture is written à Chronograph for the year 1669. in which the Dial was set up: and Suitable to the person. Which Chronographs, according to the order now named, are as falloweth. 1. Regnet DIV CaroLVs IMperetqVe BrItannIs. 2. FaXIt RegIna Det RegI RegnoVe ProLeM CatharIna. 3. RegIna Mater nato sIbI CaroLo DIV frVatVr. 4. jacobvs & RegIs frater, & InsIgnIs Britamnię ADMIraLIVs. 5. FILIVs seCVnDVs RegIs BoheMIae. These 6. Vertical Dial's being all alike it will suffice to place here the Diagrams of the two first. FIG. 64. & 65. 64 Regnet DIV CaroLVs IMperetqVe BrItannIs 65 FaXIt RegIna Det RegI RegnoqVe proLeM CatharIna THE TENTH CHAPTER. Of the 4. glass Bowls supported by the four Branches of the great Globe. OUt of the top of the great Globe issue (as was said in the first Chapter) four Branches each bearing à glass Boule like those of the first and second Piece: but somewhat less in proportion to the Pyramid. These 4. Bowls are guilded over except where the Hour lines are drawn: which is thinnly painted over with white colour: to the end the Sun beams passing through à little star left clear on the top of the Bowl, and making the like star of light upon the Hour lines may be seen to note the Hour. These Dial's show the Hour according to the different ways of numbering the Hours, used by several Nations, as was said in the second Chapter. 1. The Dial, FIG. 66. whose title is, Per Horas Italicas', shows by the said luminous star passing over the Hour-lines, what Hour it is to be said according to the Italian account, which numbers from Sun set to Sun set 24. Hours. These Hour-lines are the sections, which the plains of the Italian Hour circles crossing Each other in the middle of the said star placed on the top of the Bowl, make in the superficies thereof. 66 Per Horas Italicus 67 Per Horas Babylonica 68 Per Horas Astronomicas 69 Per Horas Antiquas 2. The Dial's, whose title is, Per Horas Babylonicas, shows in like manner, what Hour it is according to the Babylonians way of reckoning, FIG. 67. who count 24. Hours from Sun Rising till next Sun Rising. Which it performs by the sections which the plains of the Babylonian Hour circles crossing Each other in the middle of the said star, make in the superficies of the Bowl. 3. The Dial, whose title is, Per Horas Astronomicas, shows by the like star, FIG. 68 the Hour according to the Astronomical account, which numbers, 24. Hours from Noon till next Noon. This Dial is made by the like sections of the usual Hours circles crossing Each other in the middle of the said star: The numbers set to the Hours being only different: that is, one à clock in the morning is here called 13. and two, 14. three à clock, is called 15. etc. Lastly the Dial, whose title is, Per Horas Antiquas, sive Judaicas, FIG. 69. shows the Hour according to the Ancient way of numbering the Hours: Viz. counting always 12. Hours from Sun Rising till the setting thereof. Wherefore the sections by which this Dial is made, are those which the playns of the unequal Hour circle's make in the superficies of the Bowl: which playns also cross each other in the middle of the star, or style of the Dial. And thus much of the Third piece, with the Branches belonging to it. The Diagrams of these 4. Bowls are as followeth. THE ELEVENTH CHAPTER. Of the three Uppermost Piece of the Pyramid. THe Dial's belonging to the three lower Pieces of the Pyramies, being Explicated in the precedent Chapters, we will now in this Chapter Explicate the rest, that is, the Dial's appertaining to the three highest, or uppermost part thereof. The fourth Piece, therefore, consisting, (is is said in the first Chapter) of 12. Concave Semicylinders, and Standing upon the Great Globe held up by 4. Supporters, FIG. 70. like those which hold up the second Piece, but less: hath upon Each of those Semicylinders à Dial described showing the usual Hour by the shade of à Flower de luce fixed at the top of the Semicylinder. Out of the top of this Piece issue 4. Branches carrying Each à little glass Boul, showing also the usual Hour by the light of the Sun penetrating through the Hour-lines (which for that purpose are left transparent, the rest of the Boul being guilded over) and passing over à little star painted on the lower part of the Boul. The first Piece, FIG. 71. consisting of 8. plain Triangles Equal and Equilateral: and six Equal Squares and held up also by 4. Supporters, hath in like manner Dial's described thereon showing the usual Hour by the shade also of à Flower de luce. 70 71 72 73 As for the reason of these Dial's, they all showing only the usual Hour, there needs say no more, FIG▪ 37. than what hath already been said of the like, Viz. that in the 4th. and 5th. piece, the plains of the Hour circles Cross each other upon the top of the Flower de luce: but in the 6th. they Cross on the centre of the little Ball placed in the middle of the great Bowl. The Dial's of the 4. little Bowls supported by the branches, are no other than the Astronomical Dial of the precedent Chapter inverted, and only differre in the numbers set to the Hours. And thus much concerning what in this Short Tract was intented, to wit the use and reason of the Dial's described on the said Pyramid. END. GEORGIUS GRAIUS SOCIETATIS JESUS, Provinciae Anglicanae Praepositus Provincialis. CUm P. FRANCISCI LINI, Societatis nostrae Explicationem Horologii erecti in Horto Regio anno 1669. tam Latinè, quàm Anglicè scriptam tres ejusdem Societatis Theologi, quibus id commissum fuit, recognoverint, atque in lucem edi posse probaverint, potestate acceptâ ab Admodum Reverendo P. nostro Joanne Oliva ejusdem Societatis Praeposito Generali, Facultatem concedimus, ut typis mandetur, si ita iis ad quos pertinet videbitur. In quorum fidem has litteras manu nostrâ subscriptas, & Sigillo nostro munitas, dedimus Londini 24. Martii 1673. GEORGIUS GRAIUS. PERMISSIO. PErmittimus ut explicatio Horologii erecti in Horto Regio anno 1669. per Patrem FRANCISCUM LINUM, Societatis JESU scripta, tam Latinè quàm Anglicè, typis detur. Leodii 9 Aprilis 1673. JO. ERNESTUS BARO DE SURLET, Vicarius Generalis Leodiensis. ERRATA. Pag. 1. l. 4. Majestey. Majestyes'. p. 1. l. 7. Majestey. Majestyes'. p. 4. l. 10. Hout. Hour. p. 11. l. 15. darkores. darkness. p. 16. l. 16. thes hade. the shade. p. 16. l. 26. little. title. p. 18. l. 14. hof. of. p. 22. l. 13. circles. circle. p. 22. l. 22. mad on te▪ made on the. p. 25. l. 19 or. of. p. 30. l. 4. soutb. south. p. 32. l. 7. to other. to the other. p. 34. l. 7. outh. south. p. 38. l. 6. sunde. Suns. p. 40. l. 14. there. the. p. 40. l. 20. Astronomicum. Astrologicum. p. 48. l. 8. diamether. diameter.