THE PAPISTS New fashioned Allegiance:  
A LETTER Lately seized in the House of an Eminent Roman Catholic in Hereford-shire, and produced at the late ASSIZES there held:  
Written by Father HARCOURT the Jesuit, lately Executed; Concerning taking the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance.  
UPon a late search in Herefordshire, the ensuing Letter was found by a Justice of the Peace in a Papist's House, very choicely laid up amongst a parcel of Crucifixes, Relics, and Popish Trinkets: It was written as from a Woman, as some Expressions would make one believe; But both the Matter, Style and Character, evidently showed it to be in Truth from some Jesuit or Popish Priest, who now commonly maintain their Correspondencies in the Names, and by the Mediation of their Female-Disciples. For as that Sex is by Nature ignorant, Superstitious, and pertinacious in their Opinions; so these crafty Seducers imitating their Father, the Original Deceiver, make special use of these weaker Vessels, to imbibe and propagate their false Doctrines.  
The Author of this Epistle therefore, is generally reported, and on good grounds believed to be no other than that late Executed Traitor, Father W. Harcourt, the Jesuit, as well because the Letters of the Name subscribed, agree with his, and that 'tis certain he was intimately Familiar in that Family, and at that time skulking up and down the Country; as also, because some acquainted with his Handwriting conclude it to be of the same Character. And though the matter thereof seem to be good and commendable, as persuading, or if you please, giving leave to Papists, to do that which in itself is most lawful, and no more than their Duty, yet the manner and grounds on which this is here advised, evidently demonstrate, that 'tis done merely to serve a present Turn, and elude the Law by Swearing in such an abstruse Equivocating sense, as renders the Government never the more secure: The necessary preservation whereof, was the grand end for which these Oaths were originally enjoined, and still imposed.— The Letter follows.  
Dear Cousin,  
I Am glad to hear you continue so well after your hard Bargain, for I was afraid all our Friends had been quite lost, they have been so disturbed and Letters are so uncertain, that one dares not trust any but by a special Messenger, and scarce so. I might have been as happy as you, but the sudden Frights of Searchers, which I feared might have plundered in All, and hurried my good Gentleman to London, caused a Miscarriage, which went harder with me than Childbearing. The Times are sad at present, but we ought not to despond, a little Patience may mend all. My privacy affords but little News, and how the Great Wheel turns, I am not certain, but hope and pray for the best. We are all well as yet, at our little Pathmos, and after serious Examination and Advice, which we think fit to communicate to you, and the rest of our Friends, Approve of it as requisite for a Catholic man to express his true Loyalty in such Circumstances to his King by taking the Oaths, when necessitated thereunto. For though there be much harshness in the words, as to exclude our Acknowledgement and Adherence by Faith and Obedience unto our purely Spiritual Head; yet since we be admitted to make our own Sense, as indeed, whoever Swears cannot be hindered by any words imposed from Swearing, in such Sense as is agreeable to his own understanding; so that here we only swear within such bounds as the Catholic Church and our Duty allows, that is, only acknowledging a Temporal Power over Spirituals, as in Contentious Courts due to the Temporal Sword, and not in Foro Conscientiae, as by the Proviso in the Statute Quinto Elizabethae may be seen.  
Therefore to take off this Ignominious Censure of denying our Allegiance, and let the World know, that we may give to Caesar what is his due, we may not refuse the Oaths when legally tendered, especially at such a time when Catholics lie under so many Suspicions and Scandals, in point of Loyalty, which 'tis an indispensable Duty, incumbent upon us all, to prevent to the utmost of our power, and this especially when we are not compelled to the Rigour of the words, as formerly; but only to allow His Majesty a Supreme, Temporal Power in Spiritual things, and not a purely Spiritual Power, which is due only to the Supreme Spiritual Pastor of our Souls. Without denying God his Right, we may attribute in a sound Sense to the King, that Spiritual Coercive Power, which he or his Ancestors gave to the Church. Now he claims it to himself, and with more Justice than the first Framer of one of these Oaths that began it by Pillaging the Church, and usurping its Power: For he now quietly possesses the Church Livings, and had not he the Authority in the Spiritual Courts, upon every disagreeing, the obstinately Contentious or best moneyed Litigants would Appeal to Rome, which would be as inconvenient to our Peace, as those harsh words, which some devout Catholics now scruple at, though without reason, when their ghostly Instructors have signified their Concurrence, etc. For when the SWEET LENITIVE is admitted, by owning the King hath such a Temporal Coercive Power over Spirituals, we do not deny the purely Spiritual Power of our Supreme Pastor. As for Example, The Pope creates a Bishop, and gives him Power to administer Sacraments; This was the Power of the Keys given to St. Peter by our Saviour: But 'twas Constantine gave St. Sylvester his Temporal Command, and had Constantius his Son, reassumed it again, he had but destroyed his Father's gift. Now then when all the Lands be in the Crown, we may acknowledge the King the Supreme Head, and as they be called Spiritual Livings, because they belonged to the Church; so he may not improperly be styled a Spiritual Head, that has Command of them; which at his Pleasure he may again bestow upon Spiritual Persons. This is what I thought fit to signify to you at present on this matter, wherein you desired Directions, and might have been more plain, would the Times have born it. I should be heartily glad to hear from you as often as you can, but you know the necessary Cautions. Pray present my Duty to my Aunt; And so with my Prayers to Almighty God for you all, and most Cordial Love remembered, I ever am  
April the 12th. 1679. Your most Affectionate Cousin W. H.  
Though this Letter be written in so strange and affected cloudy Style, and those words, Miscarriage, Childbearing, Husband, etc. cast in to make it the better pass for a Woman's Penning, which yet possibly may have some other determinate meaning, well known by Confederacy amongst the Correspondents; yet the main drift of it seems plain enough to be the signification of some Dispensation lately granted to English Papists, to take the Oaths; and this merely suited to the present Juncture of Affairs, to avoid the Penalties of the Laws, prevent Scandal, and possess Protestants with a good opinion of their Loyalty: The better to dispose zealous and scrupulous Roman Catholics thereunto, here is the use of Equivocation recommended, and such an unaccountable distinction framed about Temporal Power in Spirituals, and that so warily laid down, that the Jesuits may at any time give a different or clean contrary Interpretation, whenever Opportunity and their Interest shall require it. By these, and the like dealings of these Men, we may evidently perceive that they make use of Religion only as a Politic Engine, which they manage variously at their pleasure, as it may be most serviceable to their Designs: And that there is no Oath, Test, or Obligation, which by the help of an Equivocation and a Distinction they cannot accept, and presently evade or break through.  
FINIS.