THE LATE HISTORY OF EUROPE BEING A Narration of all remarkable Actions ' and other various Affairs (both Civil and Military) that have happened in the several Kingdoms and Republics; From the Treaty at Nimiguen in Anno 1676. To the Conclusion of the Late Peace at Res-Wick, in September 1697. Which makes up a History of One and Twenty Years. Accuratly and Succinctly Abridged BY Captain DAVID KENNEDY. Frustra sit per plura, quod, aeque commode, sieri potest per pauciora. EDINBURGH, Printed, by GEORGE MOSMAN, and are to be sold at his Shop in the Parliament-Closs, Anno 1698. TO THE KING Great SIR, IT has been my Unhappiness to be Discharged of late (though too soon) from Your majesty's Service in a Military Capacity, In which Sphere, I have unerringly moved in the Service of the Royal Family, even from my Childhood to this time; Only, after the Happy Revolution, I served for some time, in another Capacity, for being turned out of the Late King's Army in Ireland, by Tirconnel, (as generally all Protestants were) I retiered with my Family into Scotland, And, from thence, I was remitted, and ordered by the then Privy Council, to reside at the head Quarter of the English Army with the Duke of Schomberg, and to give account to the Council, from time to time, how all Affairs went in Ireland; Which I did, till Your Majesty 's Arrival in that Kingdom, in June 1690. And by the same Authority, I had the great Honour and Satisfaction of attending Your Majesty, in the same Post, thorough all that Campaign, till Your Return to England. And in my Reteirment, this last Summer, I happily met with The Late History of Europe, Being, A full Narration of all Memorable Transactions, Both Civil and Military, that have happened for Twenty one Years, preceding September 1697. The perusal of it pleased me so well, As I thought it worth my time to Compendize it; Which having accomplished, I began to consisider, to whom I should Dedicate my Puny Labours, when reflecting on the whole Series of the History; And finding WILLIAM HENRY (by the Title of Prince of Orange, for the first Twelve Years; And the same WILLIAM, by the more Splendid Title, of KING of GREAT BRITAIN etc. for the last Nine of the One and Twenty Years) to be a person, who had always made an Eminent Figure, amongst the greatest Neighbouring Princes and Potentats; And been deeply interested in most of the Grand Affairs Treated of in the History: Without any Hesitation, I concluded the Dedication most properly, and absolutely due to this most Illustrious WILLIAM. SIR, I must acknowledge it, far above the rate of an ordinary Confidence, my presuming to Address Your Majesty, with so mean a Present; But, I am Animated thereto, by what I have Read in Commendation of Alexander the Great, who being presented with a small Basket of Fruit by a Poor Woman, Generously accepted of it, as a Testimony of her Real Kindness, Supposing, If she had any thing of greater value, she would as freely have given it. Now, SIR, As Your Majesty has always Emulated, (if not Excelled) this great HERO, in all Princely and Glorious Atcheiuments; So I hope, with him, You will Vouchsafe to accept of this small Mite, tendered by him, who (with the deepest Humilty, and sincerest Affection) Prostrats Himself, and His all, at Your Royal Footstool; And who cannot affirm a greater Truth, than that He is. Great SIR. Your Majestie's Most Humble, Faithful, And Devoted Subject, And Servant DAVID KENNEDY THE PREFACE WHEN I had perused and considered the late History of Europe, I was so extremely pleased with it, as I thought it worth my Labour to Extract all the most Important Transactions therein contained, and have Summed them up briefly in the following Treatise; And who ever will be at the pains to read it, will therein find a Relation of so many various Occurrences, as may afford him a pleasing Diversion, and a great deal of Satisfaction. But before He enter upon the Book, I would have him take notice of a few things which I thought fit to Premise, for his Satisfaction, and my own Vindication. 1st. I have Varied quite from my Author's Style, which was impossible for me exactly to follow, else my work had not been properly an Abridgement, but a Transcription of the History; so as I was necessitate to pick out of each Page or Paragraph, what I found most Material, and dress it up in such a homely Method and Plain Language as my own Genius could Suggest, 2ly. Tho I have thus failed in the Form, I have not in the Main, for I have (with all possible care) kept so closely to matter of Fact, as (in my Collections) I have omitted nothing needful for the Readers Information, in all notable Emergents, whereof, if any doubt, I appeal to the Original. 'Tis true, there are in the History, some Prolix Declarations, and Intricate Debares and Altercations, at the Treaties at Nimeguen and Reswick, with several other Excursions from the chief design of the History, which I have deliberately omitted; for though I knew, the perusal of them might be agreeable enough to the Curious and leisurely Reader; yet the gratifying of such, was not my chief Aim, but to give the Serious and Judicious a Comprehensive view of all Occurrences, worthy of Observation, or of a Room in Memory; too large a share whereof, such Circumstances would have Usurped, had they been admitted. Yet even in these, I have not left the Reader altogether in the Dark, for though I have Contracted them, I have not Totally exploded them, but have given Him the Contents, and such a Cursory view of many of them, as may lead Him, to a Competent Apprehension of the whole. 3ly. I Observe the Author goes on, in a continued Discourse, only distinguishing by Paragraphs, and those pretty large too, not allowing the Intent Reader any time to Breath; to ease him of this Fatigue, I have divided the Treatise into Chapters, one for each year; Again, I have Subdivided the Chapters into Sections, and have placed on the Margin the Names of the Kingdoms and Countries, in order, as their several Affairs are therein handled, together with some other useful Marginal Notes: And at the end of the Book, I have placed an Index, or Table of all the most Remarkable Passages, which will readily direct to the Page where the same is Treated of. And I presume this small Peice may pretend to some Advantages over the Original, not only on the preceding account, but on some other Considerations also; As first, 'Tis of a smaller price, which perhaps may bear somewhat with the Meaner sort, or less Inquisitive, 2ly. 'Tis of a lesser bulk, and so more portable and useful either at Home or Abroad; and any Gentleman may have it ready at hand to decide any Dispute that my happen (in ordinary Conversation) about matters contained in it, and so end the Controversy. 4ly. Through the whole Series of the History, I observe, the Author doth manifest a Passionate Zeal for the Prince of Orange, Our Renowned and Beloved King, Assigning to him, (in all Politic and State Affairs,) a Superlative Ripeness and Soundness of Judgement, and in all Warlike Exploits, the like degree of Conduct and Magnanimity. The same, or a greater Character (if greater needed or could be) being given Him by the Eminent Sir William Temple, in his Memoirs of his Embassy and Negotiation, at the Treaty of Nimeguen and elsewhere, confirms me in the belief of this, that the highest Eulogies, in his praise, can never reach an Hyperbole. And considering it my duty, not to omit any thing that may contribute to the Aggrandizing of Our Great and Famous King, or Blazoning the Grandieur and the Eminent Excellencies of his Ancient Family, and most Noble Ancestors; I have here Transcribed (Verbatim) what my Author says in his preface, to that purpose. Wherefore (says He) to Conclude, as our History ends with the General Peace we now enjoy, let our value and esteem of Him who (under GOD) has been the Particular Instrument of it, our Dread Sovereign King WILLIAM, be Enhansed more and more, who has so many Personal Excellencies, both in Peace and War, as have no manner of need to borrow from the virtue of His Ancestors; whereof yet, there has been such an Unparalleled Chain as is not to be met with in History; And the Antiquity of whose Name, for aught I can see, may be as old as Julius Caesar, who in the first Book of His Commentaries, says, a Body of Germans, out of Suabia, came, under, the Command of two Brothers, Nasua and Cimberius by Name, and settled upon the bank of the River of Rhine, near Treves. Now this is the more worthy of observation, that besides the similitude of the Names of Nasua and Nasau, which only differ but in the Transposition of one Letter, there is an Estate upon that spot of ground, which belongs to the Family, to this day. But be as it will, I was the more desirous to take notice of it upon this occasion, because, I believe it is the first time it has been done by any other, in this kind; And because it may stir up the Curiosity of those Gentlemen who are skilled in Genealogies, to make a farther Inquiry into it. So far Herald I find also, the Learned and Famous Mr. Rushworth, in His Collections, says, the Family of Nasau, have been of a Princely Quality, for many ages: And again, speaking of the Emperor's Defeating the Forces of the Prince Palatine of the Rhine, near Prague, he gives this reason; besides the greater number of Men, the Emperor's Army (says he) was Commanded by the Greatest and Expertest Captains, then known in Europe, except the Prince of Orange; To be second to whom, was accounted the Highest Commendation. Yea, we have yet on step higher to make, when several Eminent and Emulous Princes were contending for the Western Empire, amongst all the Candidats, Adolph Earl of Nassau, was Elected and Advanced, to the Imperial Diadem., in Anno 1291. Now, all their Remarks laid together, and duly weighed, claim from Us, to Our Unparalleled Prince, the greatest Loyalty, the most Ardent Affection, and the highest Adoration, that Subjects can possibly pay, or that may be warrantably allowed to mere Humanity. 5ly. I suppose, I may be Censured by some for making such an Abrupte entry on the Work, mentioning, off hand, a Congress of Plenipotentiaries and Mediators at Nimeguen, not giving first the Reader an account of the great Antagonists by whom those Plenipotentiaries were Employed. The true reason of this omission is, when I entered on this Work, I had no other design then my own private satisfaction, but having finished it, and Communicating it to some Ingenuous Gentlemen of my Acquaintance, they seemed to put a greater value on it, than indeed I did, and advised and urged the Publishing of it, which (though with some Diffidence, and Reluctancy) I condescended to. And now seeing it is going Abroad, for the satisfaction of these who are yet strangers to the Parties Contending, and who Occasioned the Congress at Nimeguen. I have here Inserted a List of their Names. On the one part The Principal Confederates were The Emperor of Germany. The King of Spain The King of Denmark, The Elector of Brandenburg. The States of Holland. And Collaterally The Prince of Orange. The Duke of Lorraine. The Princes of Lunenburgh, And Nieuburgh. And the Bishop of Munster. On the other part, The King of France Principal. The King of Sweden, His Ally. The Duke of Holstein Gottorp. And the Bishop of Strasburg. Confederates. Charles King of Great Britain, Sole Meditator. Sir William Temple, and Sir Lionel Jenkins, Plenipotentiaries, In that Negotiation. 6ly. Supposing these Preliminaries may give a Competent Satisfaction to any who are not too Critical; I shall Conclude, with one Request to the Ingenuous Reader; That where he finds any thing Defective or Redundant (either in this, or in the Treatise) or any way Disrelishing or unagreeable, He will be pleased to allow those Grains of a favourable construction as may reasonably be granted to a Soldier's pen, the Style and Dialect of which profession, being generally different from that which, I own, might be more requisite and proper, for a Subject of this nature; And the rather, because this is the first Manuscript of mine, that ever Aspired to the Press, as I verily believe it shall be the last. ERRATA. Page 22, line 31. deal the p. 25. l 7, read Le-Strange p. 38. l. 13. r. Attacks and l. 29. p. 40. l. 30.1. Doge p. 47. on the margin, for England r. Ireland p. 49. l. 28.1 Attacked and l 30. r. Spah●'s p. 51. l. 22. 〈◊〉 Cashaw p. 79. l. 32. for le●ving r. Levying and l. 20 r. Mackay p. 88 l, 31. for King 1. Queen and on the margen●r, Londonderry p. 104. l. 15. for four r forty and l. 19.1. out of the Da●pi●●ate p. 149, for and r. to p. 153. l. 4.1. Duke of Savoy p. 154. l. 5. deal own. AN ABRIDGEMENT OF THE HISTORY OF EUROPE CHAP. I. Anno 1676 Congress at Nimeguen. THE Treaty at Nimeguen, between the Confederates, and the French King (wherein the King of Great Brutain was sole Mediator) may be said to begin in July 1676. Tho there was only present then the French and Dutch Plenipotentiaries, and the two English Mediators, Sir Wil●iam Temple. and Sir Lionel Jenkins; The rest of the Confederates, protracting and bearing off designedly, till they saw what thelss●e of that Campaign would be, intending to take their measures accordingly. The French Ambassadors endeavour to carry on a separate Peace with the Dutch, who at that time positively refused it, though the French King threatened to recall his Ambassadors, unless they presently condescended thereto. In the mean time, About the end of July. the Prince of Orange lays Siege to Mastricht, An. 1677. which the French bade fortifved to great advantadge, P. of Orange Beseidges Mastric●●. the Garrison b●ing furnished with Eight thousand Choice Men, Mo●sieur Calvo being Governor. The Siege was carried on briskly for three Weeks and many sharp Assaults made, where the English Forces behaved gallantly. But a cruel Sickness falling into the Army, and the Rhinegrave (who Commanded next to the Prince of Orange) dying of his Wounds, but especially the Marishal S●●mb●gs being on his March throw Flanders with a considerable force, obleidged the Prince (with the full consent of a Council of War, to raise his ●eidge. Philipsburg surrendered to the Imperialists. But to make some amends for this disappointment, about the latter end of September, Philipsburg (after a Blockade of three Months) is surrendered to the Imperial Army. All this last Compaign and succeeding Winter, Denmark and Brandenburg prevailed much against the King of Sweden; who only, was Confederate with France, But the Imperial Forces on the Rhine had not so good success, which enclived the Dutch to listen now to the French Overtures for a separate Peace. CHAP. II. Anno 1677. SECT. 1. Section 1 To return to the Treaty, About the middle of February 1677. The Assembly was completely form, The Assembly fully form. and the Preliminaries b●ing dispatched, the Respective Ambassadors (by agreement) put all their Propositions and Pretensions into the hands of the Mediators. The particulars whereof being too large to be inserted fully now (considering my intended Brevity) I have pretermitted, intending to mention the most material heads▪ of them hereafter, as the several Parties come to agreement with France. Now the Dutch discover a strong propension to a Peace, to which the Prince of Orange was much averse, and endeavoured what he could to obstruct it. The French finding the Confederates very slow and backward in the negotiation for Peace, thought fit to quicken them, by Blocking up of Cambray and Valenciennes, and early in the Year, broke in upon Flanders, and these parts of Germany on the other side of the Rhine, and that with more cruel Devastations then at any time before, since the War began. Of which the Allies complained heavily to King Charles the Mediator, but in vain. The French King in Person comes to the Siege of Valenciennes and the 9th. of March, the Trenches are opened, and on the 17th. it is taken From thence he Marched to Cambray, which, Valenciennes and Cambray taken by the French King. on the 5th. Day after the Trenches were opened, surrendered to him upon Articles, except the Citadel, which held out a few Days longer. At the same time his Brother the Duke of Orleans invested St. Omers; The relief whereof, the Prince of Orange, intended and and endeavoured, with the States Forces only, the Spainiards giving him no Aid. Approaching to St. Omers the Duke of Orleans drew off from the Town and met him at Mountcassel, Orleans Forces being much Superior to his; The Battle of Mountcassel. where after a bri●k Engagement and hot Dispute on both sides, the Prince's Batallions fell in disorder, and in short, betook them to downright flight, though he strove to stop them with his Sword in his hand, and cut the first he met, over the Face, crying aloud, Rascal, I'll set a mark on thee, that I may hang thee at last. But withal he made so Noble and safe a Retreat, as wanted little of the Honour of a Victory. St. Omers, Cambray, Citadel, surrendered to the French The consequence of this was, The Surrender of St. Omers, and Cambray Citadel, the twentieth of april. The French King being at Dunkirk, sends the Duke of C●equi, with a Compliment and a Letter to King Charles, professing himself willing to agree to a Tru●e with the Confederates for some years, it his Ally the King of Sweden would condescend, Praying King Charles to sound his inclination in that point. Beverning adjusts the Peace with France. Mo●sieur Beverning the Dutch ●●enipotentiari● who was earnest for concluding a Peace, understanding this, looked on it as a mere shame, and e●●●umned openly against it. And contrary to the Advice of Mo●●●●u● V●n Benningham, and other Ministers of the Allies, he stretched farther than his Commission would bear, as some thought, and managed t●e matter so, as by the beginning of July, all material p●ints between the French and Dutch were adjusted, The rest of the Summer being triffled away in unsuccessful Disputs and Junglings, about the Duke of Lorrains, and the Bishop of Straseburgs concerns in the Treaty. Nor was there any considerable Action on either side, all this Campaigne, for if the French boasted of taking the City of Freeburg in October; Setting falling into the Elector of brandenburg's hands, the same Month, counterpoised that, and so lest the Scales even. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 In October, The Prince of Orange went to England. Prince of Orange goes for England. And on the first view of the Princess Mary, eldest Daughter of the Duke of York he was extremely Enamoured of her, and ●mmediatly made Suit to the King and her Father to that effect, which was assented to, provided the Terms of Peace abroad were ●i●st agreed on before the Marriage: Which the ●●m●e on no Terms would assent to, saying the World would believe ●e h●d made that Match for himself; at their Cost, adding, that he would never Sacrifice his Honour to his Love: And at last became so Sullen on the matter, as he desired a friend to tell the King that he would leave England within two days, if things Continued so; An. 1678. that it repent him of his co●ing, that the King, must choose how they should ●ive after, for he was sure it must either be as the greatest friends, or greatest Enemies. This sharpness and freedom so wrought on the King, as he presently consented to the Marriage, is Married which was Consummated without delay: After which they began to discourse and Concerte the Terms of I ea●e th●t was in agitation abroad; And so on the Tw●nty first of November, and re● turns to Holland. the ●rince (with his P●●●●ess) arryve in Holland. Tho King Charles had Engaged to the Prince to join in the War with all the Allies, if France refused to Conclud●● Peace on reasonable Terms, yet soon after he receded from this, and sends over with Mr. Thynne a draught of an Alliance with the Dutch only, which was Concluded on, and Signed at the H●gue, the sixtenth of January 16●8. CHAP. III. Anno 1678 SECT. I. Sect. 1 Ghent and Ypre ●aken by the French. Towards the end of Febrevary, the French King Marches on the head of his Army to Metz, and having drawn the Spainsh Forces that way, of a sudden Crosses the Country, and by the fourth of March, sits down before Ghent, and in few days took it, as he did Ypre, before the end of that Month, though the Garrison made a gallant resistance: of which Grivances the Allies acquainted King Charles but all they could do could not excite him to any speedy or open Declaration. the French Kings project of Peace. The French King elated with his Success of late, frames a project of Peace, and Signs it a● St Germans, the nynth of April 1678. But so exo●itant and unreasonable, as the Allies unkn mo●●sly abhorred it (except the whom he seemed to cajole in that Article concerning them) and they resolved rather to r●n all hazards, rejected by the Allies. then accept of any such Conditions. Articles to ●eace being Comforted, and in effect Concluded tho privately as yet) between the French King and the Dutch, money offered to King Charles by the French King yet he fearing the late Alliance betwixt the King of Great-Brittain and them, might obstruct his agreement with them, he order Monsiur L●●vots to tamper with Mr. Montague, the ●●●●gush Ambassador thou at Parts, and offers by him, a great Sum of Money to King Charles to give his assent to the Articles, Sir William Temple applauded. he and the Dutch had agreed on; the motion is accepted of, and Sir William Temple ordered to Preat with the French Ambassador about it; but that Gentleman had so much Honour and Honesty, as to decline the employment, for which he was under clo●d for some time. A while after this the Heir Bev●●ning and the Count D'avaux had a private meeting, wherein all matters between the French King and the Dutch were fully Concluded, the French King writs to the Dutch and D'avaux procures from the King 〈◊〉 than Encamped before D●●se) a very smooth insinuating Letter to the Scates, Containing more favourable so descensions then any proposed formerly: their answer. To which they presently return their Letter, full of Compliment, and acquaint him that they ●ill presently send their Extraordinary Ambassador Van Beverning to wait on his Majesty, A cessation till the 15. of August. to whom they desired him to give Credit; and accordingly ●●ve●●ing goes to the King and Conserts matters so well, as he obtained a Cessation of Arms till the fifthteenth of August following. Emperor Denmark. and Brandenburg, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ded. The French and Dutch having now as good as Concluded a Peace, Spain began to Comply also, and to listen to proposals: But the Emperor, Denmark, and Brandenburg, fell into the highest Exclamations and Reproaches immaginable against the States, declearing themselves utterly dissatisfied with such proceed. The Dutch order the Signing of the Peace. But notwithstanding all these Storms on the twenty second of Jun●, The State's orders their Ambassadors to Sign the Peace with France, before the end of the same Month. Spain concurred with the Dutch, accepting of the offers made to them by the French King of Restoring to them Charleroy, Limburg, Binch, Aeth, Oudenard, and Courtray. SECT. 2. But here happened an unexpected demur that was like to overturn all. Sect. 2 The Peace obstructed and the Reason On the Agreement made amongst those great Statesmen, they quite forgot to Limit the F●ench to a certain time for delivering th●se Six Towns to Spain: And it was never thought on till the very Day before the Signing of the Peace, when the Marquis de les Balbasses thought on it, and minded the Dutch and Spanish Ambassadors of it, they immediately propose it to the French Ambassadors, wh●se Answer was, th●t their Master the French King intended not the Surrender of those Six Towns, till the King of Sweden, his Ally, was reposessed of all the Towns taken from him in the late War. Who, Answer. The Dutch Ambassadors acquaints the States with this, who forbade them on any Terms to Sign the Peace, till that was ascertained: And accordingly they denied Concluding or Signing of the Peace. King Charles joins with the Dutch. The Estates immediately inform King Charles with this, by their Ambassador at London, who recented it extremely, and sends presently Sir William Temple to Holland, with orders to Sign a Treaty with the States, obliging them to carry on the War, and engageing himself to join with them in it, if France consented not (within a certain time limited) to Evacuate the Six Towns: Which Treaty Sir William carried on with that Diligence, as within six days it was perfected. The Sum of this was, a mutual Engagement of, joining their Forces and all their Powers to oblige the French King to the performance of thos● Conditions agreed on betwixt him, and the Spanish and Dutch Ambassadors, and that neither Party should m●ke any agreement with the French King without the Consent of the other. France endeavours to Elude the Treaty The Treaty being Signed, The F●ench use their utmost endeavours to elude it, by drawing the matter into a new Treaty, and pro●os● several places in Fl●●ders for meeting to that end but the Dutch stiffly oppose the mo●i●●n● and refuse on any Terms, to recede from th●i● l●te Tr●●●y. Th●se Heats and Altercations cont●n●ed till the very Day prefixed came, either for Signing the ●●a●●, or Renewing of the War. On the Morning of that Day, came Monsieur Bor●el from the S●●tes to their Ambassadors, All Parties a●●●e once again. who went presently to t●e Fre●c● Ambassadors, when, after a Conference of five Hours, they agreed on all points, bo●h as to Peace and Commerce, the French consenting to the Evacuation of the six Spanish Towns▪ and the Peace to be Signed that very Day. The Ambassadors of Denma●k, Brande●burg, and Munster, being acquainted herewith, Expostulate the matter sharply with the St●tes Embass●dors and that very Day, give in (in their Master's Names) a solemn Protestation against all these proceed. All which notwithstanding, The Peace sig●●d August ●oth. 1678, the Peace is signed that day, between Eleven and Twelve at Night; The English Mediators refused to sign the same, Alledgei●g their Orders were to Mediate a general P●eace but not to sign to a particular one. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 The most material Articles of the Peace were, That all Acts of Hostility should immediately cease; a firm and perpetual ●eace, to continue betwixt both parties and all their Subjects. The Material Articles between France and Holland. That the Heirs of all person's who were dispossessed of their Estates during the late War, should be immediately restored, and reposest of all that belonged to their Parents. That each ●arty shall continue seized of all Countries, Towns, Place▪ &c within and without Europe, as they now hold and possess them. That the Town of Mast●●cht shall be presently delivered to the States, with all Villages and a●purtinencies thereunto belonging; provided the F●e●ch King shall have liberty to carry away all Artillery, Powder, and other Warlike Provisions, as shall be sound there at the time of its Restitution. That all Prisoners of War on both sides shall be presently released without any ransom. That the States shall be guarantees for the Spanish King, in all Engagements ●e shall enter into by a Treaty to be speedily perfited betwixt him and France. That it War shall happen hereafter betwixt the French King and the States, the Subjects on both sides reciding in the Domin●ons of either Party, shall have six Month's time to carry off their Effects. That all the Prince of Orange's pretences and Interests, contained in a separate Treaty shall be as effectually confirmed and made good, as if they had been particularly inserted in this present Treaty. That the King of Great Britain, and his Subjects, shall be comprehended in this present Treaty, according to the best form that may be. That the French Kings Allies, as the King of Sweden, The Duke of Holstein, Bishop of Stra●burg, etc. shall be comprehended: And on the State's side, the King of Spain. the Protestant Sweetzers, etc. And Lastly, the Treaty to be ratified by both parties, within six Weeks, after the 10th. of Au●ust 1678. Ratifyed by the French King. The French King Rratified and Signed the Treaty at St. Germane, the 18th. day of August 1678. The French Ambassadors, grants and promises to the Prince of Orange, the Restitution of the Principality of Orange; with all other his Lands and Signories in France or Flanders, in such manner as he Enjoyed the same, before he was disposest by the War; and Signed the same the tenth of August, 1678. and the French King approved and Signed the said separate Articles at St Germans the eighteenth of August 1678. Many of the Dutch were unsatisfied with Mous●●● B●ver●ings precipitation in Signing the Peace. But Amsterdam approving of it, the rest of the Provinces came soon to acquiesce in the same. At this time Mons was blocked up by the French Army Gommanded by Luxemburg. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 On the seventeenth of August the Prince of Orange Decamped from Soign●s with his own and the Confederate Forces, Mons blocked up by the French. and marched to St Dennis where the Right wing of the Enemy was posted; which about Twelve a clock, he began to Cannon●de, at which very hour the Duke of Monm●uth arrived in the Camp. About three afternoon: Battale of Mons, or St Dennis. Count Waldeck began the Attact, the Prince being present; the other side of the Enemy was Attact by the Spanish Forces, Commanded by the Duke De Villa Harmosa, assisted by the Prince's Guards, and the English and Scot● Commanded by the Noble Earl of Ossery, who behaved with much bravery in that Action, which Continued from three till nine at night, Luxemburgh, defeated, and the Siege raised, by the Prince of Orange. with a great slaughter of the French. In so much as the Duke of Luxemburgh was forced to reteire in the night, leaving his dead and wounded men, his Tents, Baggage and all behind him. Next morning the Prince intended to prosecute the Victory, but was stopped by the advice of Signing the Peace, brought to him then. A Brave French Officer declared, that be esteemed this, the only Heroick-action that had been done, in the whole progress of the War, this added much to the Prince's Honour. An interview between them. The Prince presently gave notice to Luxem bourg that the Peace was Signed, who desired an interview with the ●●rmo●, which he granted, and all things passed betwixt them with great Civil●ies on both sides, the French ●rouding about the young Prince, admireing him for his Courage and Conduct in the late Action, which made a great noise in the World. After this, the Dutch Embass●dors apply themselves with great zeal to ●●nishing of the Treaty between France and Spain wherein the English Mediators refused to join o● be Concerned; The northern Confederas were mightily chafed at the Dutch proceed, and though the Peace they had Concluded with France could not be repealed, yet, they endeavoured what in them lay to prevent the agreement between France and Spain. King Chares sends Mr Hide, wit orders to the Ambassadors. No sooner King Charles hears of the Signing of the Peace, than he ●ends over Mr. Hid about the middle of August, with orders to the English Ambassador, to go and acquaint the States with his dissatisfaction at their rash proceed in that matter, with several reasons for his being so; especially that they had not secured the Evacuation of the Towns to be restored to Spain, which he found the French seemed to recede from, by some now propositions to the Spainaird. And ordered him to solicit the States not to ratify the agreement their Ambassador had made, promising, The ●rince of Orange his speech to Sir. William Temple on that Embassy. that on three days after notice thereof, he would declare Actual War against France. The Prince of Orange being acquainted with this by Mr. Hid, he was astonished, and lifting up his hands two or three times, he says to Sir William Tempel. was ever any thing so H●●, and so Cold as this Court of yours will the King who is so often at sea ever learn a word, that I shall never forget, since my last passage. when in agreat storm, the Captain was crying out to the Man at he Helm, all night, STEADY, STEADY, STEADY. If this dispatch had co●e twenty days ago it would have changed the face of all things in Christendom, and the War might have been carried ●n till France had yielded to the Treaty of the Pyrenees, and left the World in quiet the rest of our lives, but it's my opinion as it comes now, it will have no effect. And the event proved answerable to his Judgement, However, that motion of King Char●es did so Influence several of the Dut●b States, Beverning sensured, by the States. as they began to censure severely Mr. Beverning Conduct, and to charge him with Exceeding his Commission, in several points; to salve which, the French King order his Ambassador at Nim●guen, to Satisfy the ●ace●, in these several clauses, wherein they seemed to except against Beverning Conduct, Excused by the French King. and farther, to remit all obstructions in the ●reaty betwixt him and Spain, to the sole determination of the States themselves; 〈◊〉 is so softened them as they proceed presently to the Ratification, ordering it to lie in their Ambassadors hands, till the Treaty between France and Spain was Concluded, which was done, and the Peace Signed at the Dutch Ambassadors house, Peace between France and Sp●in Signed Soptem-17. 1678. the seventeenth of September 1678. Wherein the English Mediators would not Concur; And so the disigns of the English Court were once more eluded, and Mr. Hi●e returned discontented to England, ●e Infecta: The Material Articles of this agreement were first, The Articles. such as are ordinary in all such cases, an universal Cessation of all Acts of Hostility, on both sides. A lasting Peace to continue between the two Kings, their Heirs, and Successors, and all their Subjects. All prison●rs on both sides to be reloassed without any ransom. An Act of oblivion to pass for all Damnages, losses or Injuries of any sort, that have happened in the War, to this present day. The French King to ●ender up to Spain, the Towns of Charle ro●, ●inche, A●th, Oudenard, Articles of Peace between France and Spain. and C●●tray, with all their appurtenances, as Spain possessed them before the War in Anno 1667. Excepting the Verge of Menam, and the Town of Conac, which are to remain to the French King. As also, The French King promises to deliver and surrender to the King of Spain, the City and Duchy of Lamburg, the Country of On●●em●use, the City of Gh●nt, the Fort of Roddenhus, the County of Waes'. the Town of Leuve in B●abaut, the place of St. Ghil●n (the Fortifications whereof are to be razed) the Town of Pucurda in Cataloma, with all the Countries, Villages. Castles, Forts, Lands, and all other Appurtenances belonging to any of the foresaid places, without demolishing or weakening any of the Garrisons, Castles, or Forts forementioned. etc. The King of Spain is to Surrender to the French King, The County of Burgundy, the Towns of Bezancon, Valenciennes, Bouchain, Conde, Cambray, A●re, St Omers, Ip●e●, Warwick, Warneton, Pop●●ng●en, Batleul, Cassal, Bavay, and Maubeuge, with all their Territories and Appurtenances Both Kings are allowed to carry away all Artiliry, and other Warlike Provisions, out of the forementioned Garrisons and Fortresses, now in their possession before they Surrender them. Both Kings mutually promise to restore to each other, all Towns, laces Forts, and Castles, which have been taken from one another in their Foreign Plantations, and throughout the whole World. The rest of the Articles relating most to commerce, and for the mutual good of the Subjects, An. 1679. and adjusting all matters concerning the Clergy and Ecclesiastic State, being very prolix, and not so material. I have passed t●em over. SECT. 5. Sect. 5 Tho the Ambassadors on both sides, had brought this grand Affair so great a length; Yet there arising so many Obstructions and Difficulties in carrying on the Treaty between the Emperor and France tw●erein the Dutch Embassadórs were very Active the King of Spain having an Eye still on the Emperors Concerns, and being very desirous to have them adjusted and settled, delayed the ratifying of the Peace till the middle of December, expecting the Event of that Negotiation between the Emperor and France, Flanders ravaged by the French This so enraged the French, as they ma●c●a greater Ravage and Have●k in Flanders, than they had done in any so long time dur●ing the War, King of Spain ratifyes the Peace. December 15. 1678. and on this consideration the King of Spain was for●ed to Sign and ratify the Peace the fifteenth of D●cember: De●mark, and Brandenburg finding the Emperor's Ambassadors taking the same measures with Spain and Holland, in carrying on a separate Peace, are extremely vexed, However the Elector in person Ships over his Forces to the Isle of Rugen, Duke Lorraine a grease with France 1679. of which he makes himself Master in a days time, and two days after takes Stralsond. The Duke of Lorraine, seeing all go to wrak, accepts of what Conditions the French King was pleased to give him, and agrees, quitting Nancy to France CHAP. iv Anno 1679 SECT. 1. Sect. 1 The 1st. of February 1679. The Ambassadors of Denmark and Brandenburg make a sharp remonstrance to the Imperial Ambassadors, of the manifest Evil and great Injuries offered to their Masters, by those their proceeding with France and conjured them, by the Majesty of the Empire; that they would desist, and do nothing to the prejudice and dishonour of their Masters; Not withstanding this remonstrance, The Treaty was so effectually carried on, by the vigorous endeavous of Sir L●onel Jenkins, as the Peace was on all sides concluded. The next day, being the 4th. of February, P●ace between the Emperor and France February 5th. 1679. and Peace ●●h ●weden the 7th the Ambassadors of Denmark and Brandenburg enter a Solemn Protestation against that separate Peace. Notwithstanding of this, all the Ambassadors signed it the day after, being the 5th of February 1679 And within two days after the Peace between the Emperor and the King of Sweden was agreed and concluded on. I find no particular mention of the Articles between the Emperor and France. On the 24th. of February, The French Ambassador declared to Sir Lionel Jenkins, that if Denmark and Brandenburg did not give full satisfaction to the King of Sweden, before the last of March, the French King, would be free to demand new Conditions of them, whi●h perhaps would not please them. Cessation of Armies ●ill the 1st. of May, and after to the 19th Some days are spent in Consultations and Debates about this Affair, but to no purpose, but at last, the English Mediator, and the Confederate Ambassadors procured a Cessation of Arms, till the 1st, of Mars which time expireing and no agreement made, the French Troops were ready to pass the Rhine, and prosecute the War. But the Ambassador of Brandenburg and General Spaen who commanded his Forces on the Rhine, obtaining a Meeting with Monsieur Colbert, and Monsieur ●alvo who commanded the French Forces, at Santhen, on the third of May, got the Cessation prorouged to the 19 And on the 16 of May, the Elector of Brandenburg wrote to the French King in such an excellent strain, as I thought it worth my pains to Extract it verbatim. A LETTER from the Elector of Brandenburg to the French King. May the 16th. 1679. My Lord, IT is impossible, But that Your Majesty, according to the great Wisdom wherewith God hath endued you does easily perceive the Moderation and justice of my pretensions; Elector of Bran●enbu●ghs ●ette● to the French King. And it being to that you must offer violence to that Generosity and Greatness of Soul which is natural to Your Majesty; In forcing me to Conditions of Peace, that not only are injurious to me, but Ignominious also. God, who is just, seeing the Righteousness of my Cause, hath prospered my Arms with the conquest of all Pomeranta, and Your Majesty makes me give back the greatest part of it, which I put into Your hands, that I might preserve the rest: which is but a small matter, in respect of what I have gained with the loss of my Blood, and with the ruin of my Subjects. Is it not then just, My Lord, That since Your Majesty oblidges me to part from so great and fair Cities, and so much of my Enemy's Country, You should like ways oblige the Swedes to leave me the rest: And that your Majesty having so far concerned Yourself for the Party that had no Right to demand any thing, should concern Yourself also for him who had Right to keep all, but yet yields the greatest part, mei●ly in consideration of your Majesty. I am inf●rmed that your Minister's object to me, the interest of your Glory and Honour, I know that that is a powerful Motive to animate a great soul to Undertake; But suffer me to put you in mind, that Justice is the Source and Rule of Glory; And t●at I having it on my side, it is far greater and more ●o●d Glory to support a just and moderate pretention, then to favour one that is nothing less. And could your Majesty but hear the discourse of all Europe, and weigh it with the Reasons that interest suggests to you from my enemies. I am Confident you would instantly decide in my favours, and so prevent the judgement of disinterested posterity Withal, My Lord, I am very sensible that the Match is too unequal betwixt your Majesty's Forces and mine, and that I am unable to resist a King, who alone hath carried the burden of a War against the greatest Powers of Europe, and hath with so much Glory and Success gone through with it: But can your Majesty find any advantage in the ruin of a Prince, who is so desirous to serve you; and who being preserved, may contribute more to your service, than a bare willingness? Your Majesty will certainly be the first that will regrat my ruin, since you cannot easily find in all the World besides, one who is more really, and with greater Respect, and Zeal then myself. Your Majesties etc. SECT. 2 Sect. 2 A skirmish near Minden, between Mr. Crequi and General Spaen. But for all this, the King seemed to be inexorable, And the time of truce being expired, Marshal de Crequi with the French Forces, drew near to Minden, where General Spaen was posted, designing to make resistance. Crequi with a body of Horse Crossing the Was●r at a Ford, he me●t with General Spaen on the Head of three Thousand Horse, and some feild-Peices, whom he attached vigorously, and after a sharp dispute, and the loss of many Men on both sides, at last General Spaen retired into Minden; this was on the twentieth of June, 1679. and the last Action, that put an end to so great and long a War The Peace between the Kings of France and Sweden and the Elector of Brandenburg, were Signed at S● Germane the ninteenth of June, the very day before this rencontre, which had it been intimated but two day's sooner, the lives of many gallant men might have been saved. The Articles (besides the Ceasing of all Acts of Hostility; Articles between France Sweden, and the Elector of Br●ndenbu●g. Act of Oblivion, and such other Articles that come in course, on all such occasions) were, that the Treaties of Munster and Osnaburg are to remain in full force. Brandenburg to restore to Sweden all he had taken in Pomerin dureing the War, particularly Ste●● and Stralsond. The Lands on the other side of the River of Oder to remain to the Elector; but he obliged, not to Build any Forts on the said River, so far as the Territories of Sweden reaches. That the Elector may carry away what Cannon or Ammunition he brought into those places, but to leave what he found there. That till agreement be made between France and Denmark. the Elector is not to Assist the latter. The French King is obliged to procure the King of sweden Ratification o● the Peace within three Months, and as long as it is wanting, the Elector is not obliged to restore the Places . In a separate Article, the French King oblidges to pay or cause to be Payed to the Elector of Brandenburg three Hundred Thousand Crowns, to defray the Charges he was at in the late War. Brandenburg being now agreed with France and Sweden, brandenburg's letter to the States. Writes to his late Allies the States of Holland, minding them of the good Services he had done them, Representing withal the vast expenses he had been at by Assisting them, and the low Condition his Subjects were reduced to thereby: And lastly craveing from them, some suitable Reparation of all his damnag●s and losses he had sustained, in Supporting and Assisting them. The States Answer was in effect little more than a●n●eer Compliment: They did indeed own his great Friendship of Assisting them in that Dangerous War; The State's answer, yet insisted in inly on the Considerable Actions and Vigorous Resistance made at their own Cost; Promised the Continuance of their Faithful Friendship to the Elector, and ●rayed the same from him to them; but not one word of any Compensation for his losses Sustained: Only a while after, they paid him some Arrears of Subsidies due to him upon the account of his Assistance in the War. with which he was forced to rest Contented. SECT 3. Sect. 3 The King of Spain's Joining the Dutch so early, at the very beginning of the late War. was so Seasonable and Acceptable, King of Spain, claims Mastrichs from the States. as the States voluntarly promised to deliver the City of Mastricht to him, so soon as they recovered it from the Frenck, in whose hands it was at that time. Now the War being over, the King of Spain claims of the States, the performance of their promise. The States acknowledge their promise, Which they refuse and their reasons. and that they lay under many Obligations to the Crown of Spain, for the great kindness and Assistance they had given in the late War. But withal minded the King of Spain of a vast Sum, due by him to the Prince of Orange, as also of a great Arrear due to them for a Squadron of Men of War, Rigged out by them for the Service of Sicily. And that when his Catholic Majesty had paid off these debts to the Prince of Orange, and them, they should be ready to perform their promise of putting Mastricht in his hands, but did not think themselves obliged to do it so●mer: And though the Spanish Ambassador, Don En anuel de L●ra, promised in his Master's Name, that all these debts they claimed should be paid oft with all Convenient Speed, yet the States Continued resolute n●t to part with Mas●●●cht, till this promise were effectually performed. SECT. 4 Sect. 4 There remained only now the King of Denmark's Affairs to be adjusted and settled, which was soon after agreed on, Peace agreed between the Kings of France Sweden and Den mark September 2d. 1679. between the Damsh Ambassador Monsieur de Mayerkron, and Monsieur Pompone, Impowered by the French King to that purpose, so a Peace is concluded between the Kings of France, Sweden and Denmark, at St. Germane the 2d. of September. 1679. The main Articles (besides these common in all such cases) were, The Articles. That the Article of Rosebield, Copenhagen, and Westphalia shall be confirmed: Denmark to restore to the Swedes, Lanascroon, Holsenburg, Monctrand, and Wismar, with the Isles of Ru●en and Gothland, and all their Dependencies. Sweden to restore all they had taken from Denmark in the late War. The King of Denmark to take away all the Cannon he brought into the Swedis● Garrisons, but none that he found there when he took the Places, and if he had taken away since, any belonging to the King of Sweden, he was to restore half of them: All persons (on both sides) to be restored to all the Rights and Privileges they enjoyed before the War. All Princes who desire it, may be comprehended in the Treaty: And Lastly, The Frenc King promises, that the King of Sweden shall ratify the Treaty within three Mone●●s, and that he himself will ratify is within six Weeks. And this ended thus long and bloody War in Europe, But with much diss●isfaction to almost all the Allies; Especidly Denmark and B●ande●burg, but many ways advantageous to France, and withal not very Hono●●rable to England, whose Mediation contived even to the last; and yet had not the happiness of Signing any one of the Treanes. SECT. 5. Sect. 5 Now let us return home, And inquire what has been doing in England all this while. In the preceding year, Popish-Plot in England september 29. 1678. about the 29 of September 1678. Doctor Oates made a Discovery of a Popish Plot against the Life of the King, the Protestant Religion, and for the Subversion of the Government, on which Sir George Wakeman the Queen's Physician, Coleman Secretary to the Duchess of York and several Jesuits and Priests, were apprehended and committed; As were, not long after, the Earl of Powis, Viscount Stafford, Lord Arundel of Warder, Lord Petre, and Lord B●asis, these last five, were all committed Prisoners in the Tower of London. Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, a Justice of peace, Sir Edmundbury Godfrey Murdered. who was appointed to Examine the Prisoners first committed, was Murdered on the 12 of October, which confirmed all Men in belief of the Conspiracy, and on the 1st, of November the Parliament (Nemine Contradicente) did declare themselves fully perswarded of the same. Soon after, Godfrey's Murder came to be discovered by one Bedlow, prompted thereto by his Conscience, on whose evidence (and one Prance's) Green, Berty, and Hul were Convicted and Executed. Examinations, And farther Inquiries relating to the Plot, going on for two or three Months, The long Parliament dissolved and and another called to sit the 6th. of March. in all which time the King continued seemingly doubtful and incredulous of the same, and finding the Parliament more Zealous and forward in prosecuting that Affair, than he approved of, on the 24th. of January, Dissolves them, after they had sat seventeen Years and above eight Months: And called another to sit the 6th of March following. On the 28th. of February, He requires the Duke of York (by a Letter) to withdraw from England, Duke of York leaves England. which he obeys, and retires with his Family, first to the Hague, and then to Brussels, To make all things appear more pausible, The King choses a New Council. viz. Names of the Privy Councillers. 1 Prince Rupert 2 Arch Bishop of Canterbury 3 L. Finch Chancellor 4 Earl of Shalsburry Lord Precedent of the Council. 5 Earl of Anglesay, Privy Seal. 6 Duke of Albemarle 7 Duke of Monmouth, Master of Horse 8 Duke of Newcastle 9 Duke of Lauderdale, Secretary of State for Scotland. 10 Earl of Salisbury 11 Earl of Bridgewater 12 Earl of Sunderland, Secretary of Stato for England. 13 Earl of Essex 1st. Commissioner of the Treasury. 14 E. of Bath, Groom of the Stool. 15 Viscount Falconbridge, Viscount Hallifax. 16 Lord Bishop of London 17 Lord Roberts 18 Lord Hollis 19 Lord Russel 20 Lord Cavendish 21 Henry Coventry Esquire Secretary of State 22 Sir Francis North Lord Cheif-Justice of Common Pleas. 23 Henry Capel, Knight, of the Bath; and 1st, Commissioner of the Admiralty. 24 Sir John Ernley Knight Chancellor of the Exchequer. 25 Sir Thomas Chichely Knight Mr, of the Ordinance, 26 Sir William Temple 27 Edward Seymor Esqr 28 Henry Poule Esqr Take notice, We have stepped back to bring up the the English Plot, and other Affairs of Britain begun in 1678, and join them now to the year 1679. The King finding his new Parliament slow in advancing Money for disbanding the Army, Parliament dislolved and one called to sit the ●7 of October 1679, and withal, beginning to nible at a Bill for Excluding the Duke of York, first he prorogues them from the twenty seventh of May to the fourteenth of August; and in the mean time, July the twelfth, he dissolves them. So as this Parliament proved as short lived, as the former was long. And another Parliament is called to sit the seventeenth of October following. SECT. 6. Sect. 6 At this time troubles began to arise in Scotland, for on the first of June, a great party of the Presbeterions to the Number of fifteen Hundred Rendezvous'd, under the Command of Robert Hamilton, at Lowden-hill and Marching to Glasgow from thence Issued a Declaration, Covenanters up in Arms in Scotland. giving their reasons for taking up of Arms: But this business has been so often and so fully published, and so universally known, as I think a repetition, or a particular Relation of the progress and event, altogether unnecessary, farther than to tell you, that the King sent the Duke of Monmouth speedily down to Scotland, who so managed the matter, Defeated by the Duke of Monmouth June 22. 1679. that on the twenty second of June, Encountering this ill governed multitude at Bothuel-bridge, he defeated them totally, near eight Hundred being killed, and a greater Number taken. And so an end was put to this undertaking. Tho the main design was to render the Duke of Monmouth Odious to the Presbiterians, Duke of Monmouth declared a Ba●●a●d. by sending him on this expedition, yet it proved quite otherways, for the whole Protestant party were now so afraid of a Popish Successor, that they cast their eyes on Monmouth so favourably, as they looked on him as the only Person, after the King's death, to stave off the Succession of his Brother whom they so much dreaded; so this project failing, the next was to declare him ●llegit●●te, which on the third of March following the King did very solemnly, giving it in writing with his own hand, it these words. Given under the King's hand. For the avoiding of any dispute which may happen in time to come Concerning the Succession of the crown, I do hereby declare in the presence of Almighty GOD, that I never gave nor made any Contract of Marriage, no● was Married to any Woman in whatsoever but to my present wife Queen Katha●●●e, now living. CHARLES REX Whitehall, March the third 1679. CHAP. V Anno 1680. An. 1680. Duke of York returns to England. About the latter end of August 1680 the King fell sick, which the Duke of York he●ing of, he came to England, and on the second of September, went to the King at Windsor; the Consequent whereof was, the Banishment of the Duke of Monmouth, Monmouth banished. who reteired to Vtrecht; and a little after the Duke of York went back to Bruss is, but with no design to stay long there, for on the twelfth of October, he, with his whole Family, arrived at Saint James', to the astonishment of many. And on the twenty seventh of November after, Both return soon to England, All Monmouths places taken from him. the Duke of Monmouth came to London, being welcomed by the Citizens with all possible expressions of Joy, which so displeased the Court▪ and Irritated the King, as all his places of profit and trust are Immediately taken from him. And soon after, the Duke of York is sent down High Commissioner into Scotland. Duke of York goes to Scotland. Well, the Parliament in England meeting the seventeen of October, as was ordered by the King, The first Compliment they met with, The Parliament prorogued 5 times. in one year. was a prorogation to the twenty sixth of January, and from thence, to the fifth of April 1680. and from thence to the seventeenth of May, and again to the first of July, and again to the twenty first of October, graciously declaring they should then sit and do business. The whole Nation being deeply grieved with these strange proceed, especially that of hindering the Parliament to sit, several Addresses were made by three or four Counties, Addresses from several Counties to the King but all rejected. humbly beseeching his Majesty to case them of their greivances; but no satisfactory answer was given, nor to be expected. Things going on at this rate in England, and the Duke ruleing all as he pleased in Scotland, there could be no serious prosecution of the Popish Hot; nay, it was so ridiculed by Estrange, The Plot ridiculed. and others of the Court party, as indifferent men began to doubt, if any such thing was or no. While in the mean time, the Popish Faction began to trump up a new Plott upon the dissenters. King Charles finding himself weak at home, King Charles makes Alliance with Holland. and indeed having made himself so, thought it necessary to strengthen himself by some Foreign Alliance; And to that end sends Mr. Henry Sidney (now Earl of Rumney) Ambassador to Holland. to propose to the States the making a Treaty of Guarranty for the Peace Concluded at Nimeguen. The French King hearing of this, earnestly endeavours to defate the design, and by his Ambassador Monsieur D'avaux, then resident in Holland, proposes an Alliance with them, (the same being moved) at the same time, by Monsieur Colbert, to the State's Ambassador in Paris) Mr. Sidney gives in a Memorial against this motion, with many insinuating Arguments; which was answered by Count D'avaux, but in more threatening Terms. The States having weighed the Arguments on both sides, in the Scales of security and interest, at last the balance was cast in favour of England, all the Provinces unanimously agreeing thereto, except Gronningen and Ommelands, who inclined more to the French, but being overruled by plurality of votes, Alliance with England is Concluded. The Dauphing Married to the Duke of Bavaria sister. The French King failing in this project, proposes Alliance with the Duke of Bavaria, by Marrying the Dauphin to the Duke's sister, which is agreed on, and soonafter Consummated. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 In February 1680. The Emperor and Empyr. by several Letters and Memorials, acquainted the diet at Rattibone, The Emperor complains of the French Kings breach of the late Treaty. that they found themselves aggrieved, that the French had already Contraveened the Peace, in no less than twelve Material Particulars, and that quite contrary to all the Treaties, both of Westphaita and Nime●u●n. And the diet Examining the matter fully, and finding it to be so; entreated the Emperor in behalf of himself and the Empyr, by his Letters or Embassy, to require reparation of the same from the French King. But for all these Remonstrances, he was so far from giving the proposed Satisfaction, as he began to enlarge his limits in Alsatia; And soon after a paper was published (as was pretended, by the French King) bearing, that in case the Dauphin were chosen King of the Romans, most of the Towns detained from the Emperor should be restored, that ane Army of sixty Thousand French should be maintained in Hungary against the Turks, without any Charge to the Empire, and a Considerable Fleet should be employed against the Turks, towards the Dardanello's, with many other plausible propositions; but these being little taken notice of, the French King incroaches severely on the Prince Palatine, which makes the Emperor and Empyr complain in every Court where there was any hope of relief, particularly the States of Holland were solicited to Employ their b●st Offices at the French Court that these Contraventions might cease and be abolished; but the States finding, that notwithstanding all the French Kings Caressess and fair promises, that their addresses to him in behalf of the King of Spain their Alli●, had taken so little effect, they thought it needless to expect▪ any better success in this, and therefore they made no progress in it. Flanders and Italy alarmed by the French. Nor was i● Germany only that thought herself Injured, for in the Spring the French made incursions in the province of N●mu●, possessing themselves of above forty villages, and the Princes of Italy were Alarmed also, by the French Troops marching to take Possession of Cass●l, sold by the Duke of Mantua to the French King, for four Millions of Livers. SECT 3. Sect. 3 About this time, King Char●es makes an Alliance with Spain, as he had done with Holland. And at the sitting of the Parliament, which was on the twentieth first of October 1●80 As he had formerly promised, he desires Money of them for the relief of Tan●●er, and that they should not meddle with the Succession of the crown but to proceed to the discovery of the Hot, and Trial of the Popish Lords. Bill of Exclusion by the house Commons The Parliament taking this into Consideration, and finding no expedient for securing of the Protestant Religion, while the Duke of York had any Prospect of the Crown, they resolve on a Bill for his Total Exclusion, which passed in the House of Commons, the eleventh of November 1680. The bill of Exclusion is so universally known in these Kingdoms, as I thought it but needless to insert it here. Rejected by the Lords. The Bill being presented to the House of Lords, was by them rejected, and after the first Reading a vote passed that it should not be allowed a second Reading, which gave it such a dash as the House of Commons did not farther insist on it; Lord Stafford executed. And then the Parliament proceeded to the Trial of the Lord Stafford, who being convicted, was Executed on the seventh of December 1680, The next thing they fell on, was the prosecuting and displaceing all Abhorrers of petitioning the King for the meeting of the Parliament, the Chief of those were, Sir Francis Withens, Sir George Jeff●●yes. Recorder of London, Sir Thomas jones, a Judge of the King's Bench, Sir Richard Westone, a Baron of the Exchequer, and Sir Francis North Chief Justice of the Common pleas, who, for his good service in Sentenceing to Death Steven College at Oxford, had the great Seal of England Committed to his Custody. As to the King's demand of Money for relief of Tangie●, The Commons refuse m●ney to the King. or what ever pretended occasion the Parliament altogether declined it, giving in many weighty reasons for so doing, nor did they stop here, but on the seventh of January 1681. S●●lo novo, it was resolved. T●at whosoever should lend or advance Money on any branch of the King's Revenue, or whosoever should buy any tally upon any part of the Revenue, And prohabite lending money on ●e Revenue or pay such a l●ally hereafter to be struck, should be Adjudged a hinderer of the Sittings of Parliament, and should he Responsible therefore in Parliament. Earl of Ossory's death Oo the thirty▪ of July 1680. Died the Gererous and truly Noble, Thomas Earl of Ossory, at White H●●, to whom, the Author gives a large, and deserved Eulogy, Death of the Duke of 〈◊〉, and 〈…〉 Pa●●●●●● of the Rhine. On the second of September after▪ died John George Duke of Saxoyne at F●●burg; the sixty eight year of his age. And on the seventh of September died Ch●rles Lovis, Count Pelatine of the Rhine. sixty three years old. About the middle of November appeared a Comet, with a prodigious light towards the West, the st●r was but sm●l whence it proceeded, and low at first, A Comet app●a●s. but arose higher and higher. CHAP. VI SECT. 1. Sect. 1 An. 1681. The King being nettled at the Parliaments harsh usage of him on t●e tenth of January 1681, he prorogue them to the twentyeth; And on the eighteenth, he diss●lv●d them. Parliament dissolved another called to sit at Oxford And summons anot●e●●o meet at Oxford on the twenty first of March following; t●is filled all thinking Men with Astonishment and ●errour▪ and a great many of the p●●me Nobility, being utterly dissatisfied with the King's Resolution in this point, meet, and frame a Petition to hi● Majesty, the Nobles Petiton the King not to to order sitting at Oxford. full of most weighty and unanswerable Arguments▪ beseeching him to let the Parliament sit at the usual pl●ce▪ in Westminster, which Petition was presented to him by the Earl of Ess●x who tendered it with a pithy and pertinent Speech to the same purpose. The Petition was Subscribed by these Noblemen following. Monmouth. Kent, Huntingdon Bedford, Salisbury, Clare, Stan●ford, Essex, Sha●tsbury, Mordant, Evers, ●aget, Grace, Herbert, Howard Delamere. The King's Answer to this Petition is recorded no where, The Petition rejected. All that can be f●und is that he expressed his displeasure at it, by a frown. However he continues firm and unmoveable for the Parliaments sitting at Oxford, and withal sets a mark on the main contryvers of this Petition, as ye shall find afterward. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 After t●e dissolution of the last Parliament, one Edward Fuzharris a Papist (prompted by the Duchess of Portsmouth and the French Ambassador) tampers with one Everara an old Commerad of his, Meal-tub Plot. a Papist also, and an engenious fellow, to write an invective Pamphlet against the King's proceed, which Everard undertook, and having perfited it, gave a fair Copy of it to Fuzharris, the design being laid to fasten it on the Non Conformists; But Everard having made Sir Wil●am Waller Privy to the Intrigue all along, the mischievous fallacy came to be discovered, wnereupon Fuzharris is apprehended and committed, and after two or three Month's Imprisonment is arraigned and found guilty of high Treason, Fitzharris Executed and the pretended Primate of Ireland. for which, on the first ●f ●n●y, he is Executed at Tyburn, together with Oliver Plunket, the pretended Primate of Ireland, convicted of high Treason also. Parliament meets at Oxford In the mean time, The 21. of March came, and the Parliament met at Oxford, the Commons being generally the same as the last Parliament, or at least, of the same Judgement and Humour. So as they began in their proceedings, just where the last Parliament lest off. The first thing they fell upon, was preparing a Bill to prevent the Duke of Yorks suceession, Parliament at Oxford dissolved and for prosecuting the P●pish Lords in the Tower, these were the two main points handled. But on the ●7th of March the 7th. day of their fisting) the King came suddenly and u●exepectedly into the House of Pe●rs, and dissolved the Parliament; and taking Coach immediately, drove as hard as he could to W●nsor, leaving both the Houses in great Amazement: And on the 8th. of Ap●●l published a Declaration of his Reasons for dissolving the Parliament, which satisfied but very few. On this brisk Act of the King, the Papists begin to look big, and to think on revenge against some of those, who had prosecuted them; Stephen College trye●, Condemned and Ecuted And the first they spit their Venom at was one Stephen College, a mean Man, but a great talker against the Popish Plot. Against whom they frame an Indictment of high Treason, but the Grand Jury being too honest to find it, they transfer the case, and the Prisoner to be tried at Oxford, where, by a strange and illegal proceeding (Sir France● North being the chief Judge) the innocent poor Man is sentenced, and Executed accordingly, on the 30th. of August 168●. Earl of Shaftsbury Committed The next attempt was on the Earl of Shaftsbury, who is apprehended and committed the 2d. of July, and being kept in the Tower to the 24th. of November, he is brought to Trial, where, notwithstanding all the deep and wicked contrivances laid for taking away his Life, the Grand-Jury, (whereof Sir Samuel Bernardiston was Foreman) returned Ignoramus upon the Bill, is tried and acquitted. whereat the People discovered their great satisfaction, not only by a general shout, but by making several Bon●fires that night, in the City. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 All this while, The Duke of York is carrying on his designs in Scotland (under a Protestant Mask) for securing himself in succession to the Crown, the Parliament complying with him, Duke of York makes the Test in Scotlana and to that end the Test is made, and some other Acts, with which many of the Members were not well satisfied, and desired that some other additional Acts might be made. Earl of Argyle Impeached and sound guilty of high Treason The E. of Argyle insisting on this and proposing that all other Acts against Popery might be added, for this his freedom, and under pretence of his putting his own sense and interpretation upon the Test, when he took it, (as was allowed to many others) he is prosecuted with the greatest Cruelty and Injustice imaginable, and on this trivia. Act, he is arraigned and found guilty of high Treason. An. 1682. However, this brave Man made a shilt to escape his destiny at this time, makes his Escape. by getting privately out of Edinburgh Castle, and flying beyond Seas; though he could not do it afterwards, but a last fell a Sacrifice to the same Revenge, that thus made him first Miscrable. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 Let us now step over and take aview of Affairs in France. In September the French King draws his Troops towards Strasburg, Strasburg surrendered to the French under the Command of Monsieur Louvois, who it is believed, had before this time, secretly corrupted severals of the Inhabitants of that City, He, using great diligence and secrecy, appears before the Town with a great number of Troops. On the 28th. of September, seizes on the Fort of Kie● that guards the Bridge of the City, and presently summons the Magistrates to render the Oath of Fidelity and obedience to the King his Master. Whereupon the Magistrates make no hesitation to submit; only for forms sake, they propose some Conditions, which were agreed to, and Signed, the 30th. of September 1681. And though this sudden and strange Act. Alarumed both the Empire, and the Emporour himself. yet, the former was so intent on keeping up a sufficient force against the Encroachments of France; And the Latter having all his thoughts busied, how to defend himself, and the Empire against the Invasion of the Turks, which threatened him, and came on, next year, that this business of Strarburg was little minded or regarded at this time. CHAP. VII. Anno 1682. We return again to England. The Ignoramus Bill of my Lord S●astsbury stuck so deep in the Stomaches of the Court faction, The Charter of London questioned as they set all their Wits on the Tenter hooks, how to take the Election of Sherisls out of the power of the City; for doing which no expedient could be found, An. 1683. but by taking away their Charter, to which end, in Hillary Term 1682, they bring a quo warranto against the City, Judgement against the City. and so the King and the City enter the Lists, which occasioned strife, Debeats and hard Struggle on both sides for a long time, but in Conclusion the Court party prevailing, in Trinity-term following, Judgement is given against the City, to the general astonishment of the whole Nation. Prince rupert's Death. On the 29th. of November 1692, Died Prince Rupert in his House in Spring-Garden, in the sixty three years of his Age, Beloved generally of all England, and his Death bewailed. CHAP. VIII. Anno 1683. SECT. I. Sect. 1 Now the Court frames a new Plot, and father it on the Presbyterians, of surprising the Guards, Presbyterian Plot of Murdering the King and his Brother on their return from New-mercat, and of raising the People at Blackheath, on a pretended Football match. The main design being against the Earl of Essex, and the Lord Russel, who are presently apprehended and confined in the Tower, where, in a few days after, it was given out, Essex murdered in the Tower. that the Earl of Essex had cut his own Throat, but by many remarkable circumstances, and especially, the odd proceed at the Coroners inquest, the certainty of this lies under great suspicion, and is much doubted of by all impartial and uninterested persons. That very day on which Essex Murder happened, the Lord Russel was on his Trial, Lord Russel Executed July 21th. 1683 and being Condemned, was Executed in Lincoln's Inn fieilds, a few days after protesting his innocence at his last Hour, and leaving a Paper in the Sheriff's Hands, to declare the same to the World, dated July 21. 1683. But too long to be inserted hero These Tragical Acts were followed with the Execution of Bateman, And three more soon after. Walcot, and Rouse. And though some escaped with Life, yet they were oppressed with exorbitant Fines, from Ten thousand, to an hundred Thousand Pounds, for Scandalous Words, against the Duke of York. The next person of quality brought on the Stage, was the Honourable Colonel Sidney, a Man inferior to few for his Noble Extract, Algernoon Si●ney, Impeached Condemned▪ and Executed but, for his excellent virtues hardly to be matched by any: who being ranked in the same category with Essex, and R●ss●●, Conspiring to depose the King, and stirring up Rebellion, is Impeached, convicted, and Condemned for High Treason▪ and Executed on Tower-hill, the 7th, of December 1683▪ making such an excellent Speech on the Scaffold, as makes the name and Memory of Algernoon Sidney, Savory and famous. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 Notwithstanding these Bloody proceed, somewhat more was requisite to making the King an absolute Despotical Prince, The Charters of all Corporations questioned and that was to engross the Charters of all the Corporations in England, and get them wholly in the King's Hands, as they had that of London, knowing that this would quite subvert, and alter the constitution of the Parliament. For the House of Commons consisting of Five hundred, and Thirteen Members, whereof only Ninety two are Knights of Shires, near five parts of six must consist of Burgesses and Citizens, and all those (if this project take effect) must doubtless be of the Kings choosing, and must have their dependency on the Court favour, and so it may be easily judged where the plurality of Votes would run, when matters fell in debate, between the Court and its opponents. So all the Wits about Court are actively employed in carrying on of this important Affair, which (by many strange and irregular methods) at last, they accomplished. A farther step the Court made, by demolishing and quirting the Garrison of Tangier, Tangier quitted and demolished, and the Forces brought over to Enland. (the keeping whereof for above twenty years, had cost the King an Hundred thousand pound per annum) and by bringing over the Forces (being most part Papists, both Officers and Soldiers) and quartering them in the most considerable parts of England. In this pitiful state we shall leave England for a while, and take a view of the terrible War ensueing, betwixt the Emperor of Germany, and the Turks. The French Kings pretensions in Germany, Flanders etc. In the mean time take notice, that the French King not only Seizes the Towns of Homburg and Bissul, the only two places remaining to the Duke of Lorrique rain, of all his Duchy; but ripping up all the old Monuments and Records of the Parliament of Metz, he endeavours by them to prove a Title to many Countries and Villages, both in Germany and Flanders, and actually claims them; This did so alarm all the potentats on the Continent. as the Emperor, Sw●dland, and the States of Holland, Franconia, and several other free and Imperial Cities, enter into a Mutual League of Defence, The league of Ausburg. which was called the League of Ausburg; In bringing which to pass, the Prince of Orarge was Eminently active, But the King of England was not at all concerned in this grand affairs on which my Author makes a-severe re-mark. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 But tó return to Germany, and Hungary; take notice of the ground of this War. which was occasioned by a discontented party in Hungary, of whom, Count Teckeley became the sole Head after the fall of Serins; several Expedients being proposed, for accommodating matters between them, and taking no effect, nothing would satisfy the mal-contents, but the calling in of the Turks to assist them: The Emperor finding them resolved on this, thought fit to strengthen himself by entering into a strict Alliance with the King of Poland, Alliance between the Emperor, Pole and Venice. and the next year, he drew in the State of Venice, so as it became a Tripartite Confederacy. On the sixth of May 1683. The Emperor gives the Command of his Army to Charles Duke of Lorraine, Duke of Lorraine General of the Imperial Army. who presently Marches with the Army to Newhousel and beseidges it. on which making several sharp attacks, he was forced at last to quit it, hearing that the Grand Visier was on his March to Buda with an Army of above two Hundred Thousand Men: Beseiges' Newhousel, but quits it on the Turks approach. The Duke hasts through the Isle of Schut, towards Raab, and in few days after, the Turkish Army draws thither, and Encamps within view of the Imperial Army. The Duke of Lorraine finding the Turkish Army far above his number, hasts towards Vienna, whither the Grand Visier soon followed. As the Duke made his retreat, on the sixth of July, three Thousand Tartars, sallying out of a Wood, suddenly and furiously, attacks the left wing of his Army (Guarding the Baggage on the Front) dissorders, Retreats to Vienna, the Turks follow him. and beats them back on the main Body, and though the Germans opposed and rooted them yet they carried off most part of the Baggage with them. In this Conflict, Prince Lewis of Saxony and the young Duke of Arschot were killed. The Emperor hearing of the approach of the Turkish Army removed from Vienna to Lintz leaving the City in great dissorder and Consternation, and many fled and left it. SECT 4 Sect. 4 On the eight of July, the Duke comes to Vienna with his Army, in good order, which cheered up the drooping Citizens very much; And Count Staremberg, Vienna biseiged by the Turks. the Governor▪ put all things in the best posture he could, for making a Vigorous defence against the Enemy, who on the fourteenth form the Siege Encamping between the Town and the south side of the Danube. This Famous and Memorable Siege was carried on by the Visier Bassa, with better Conduct and greater Resolution, than had appeared in any of the Turkish Enterprises, for many ages preceding, and was indefatigably continued for the space of nine Weeks: And was (with no less policy and Valour Vigorously defended by the Noble Governor Staremberg. To enter upon a minute account of the many brisk attacks and furious Assaults made by the Enemy, and the no less Valiant Resistance made by the Germans, were to swell and enlarge this work beyond the proper and ordinary bounds of an Abridgement. So as for the satisfaction of the more curious, in that point, I must refer them to the Original, and entreat them to rest contented with the Summary account following. A brief account of the Siege. The Duke of Lorraine lying with his small Army entrenched beyond the Da●ube, and hearing that Count Teckcley was ravaging all Moravia, Marched thither, and drove him thence: On the seventeenth of August he had a letter from Staremberg giving an account of all Remarkable Actions on both sides, preceding the date of his letter: That a Jamsary being taken told him that they had already lost ten Thousand men, two Bassa's and many great Officers; But he wrote withal that their losses and dangers in the Town encreassed dialy, and implored roleife, with all possible speed. To which the Duke Answered, That the Auxiliary Forces were now almost Joined; that the King of Poland was hasting hither, in Person; that he expected the arrival of all the joint Forces▪ before the last day of August, that he had recovered Presburg from Count Teckcley, and beaten him once a●a●n near the Marrow. And prayed him to persevere in his duty, till relief came. Which letter did much Encourage the Governor and the whole City. But the first of September being come, and no sign of relief, the Governor gives the Duke notice once again, of the Extremities they were reduced to; and on the sixth at night, they espied five Rockets on the top of the Calemburg, near the Duke's Quarters, as a sign that the Succours were at hand, which filled them all with exceeding joy. The Turks decamp. The Grand Visier having Intelligence of the approach of the Confederate Forces, carries on his attaches with great diligence, till the eleventh, and that afternoon, Decamps, and Marches with his Forces towards the Calemburg, to which the Christian Army was come. The battle of Calemburg. The Turkish Army amounted to an Hundred and twenty Thousand Fight Men, above sixty Thousand being lost in the siege; The Christian Army not exceeding eighty Thousand, and six Thousand in the Town. The King of Poland Commanded the Right wing. The Dukes of Bavaria and Lorraine, the left, the Duke of Saxony and Prince Waldeck Commanding the main body. Whereupon Ensued a fierce and cruel Battle, being maintained with a great obstinacy and resolution on both sides, for a long time. Durcing the hottest of the Battle, the Turks (left at the Siege by the Grand Visier) attached the Town with incredible Vigour▪ and Fury, which put the besieged so to it, that the Governor was forced to send to the Duke of Lorraine for Assistance, who sent presently Prince Lewis of Baden with a body of Horse, Foot, and Dragoons into the City, with whose help all the Turks that were in the attack were cut in pieces. The Turks diseased. In short, towards the evening, the Enemy gave way, and fled, the Christians pursuing them beyond their Camp, and standing to their Arms all night, the next morning being the thirteenth, they plundered the Enemies Catrip, took fifty piece of Cannon, two Horse tails, the Grand Signors Standard, and the Grand Viziers own Horse, with all their Tents and Provisions; In this ba●tle, which was on the twelfth of September, 1683. the Turks lost above fifteen Thousand Men, and the Christians not above on Thousand. Names of the Auxiliaries. The Princes Assisting the Emperor in this battle, were, The King of Poland, the Electors of Saxony and Bavaria, The Duke of Lorraine, Prince Waldeck. the two Princes of Baden, the Prince of Anhalt the Duke of Croy, the Prince de Salm, the marquis of Brandenburg Bareith, the Landtgrave of Hesse, the Prince of Hannover, the two Princes of Newburg, four Princes of the House of Saxony, three of Wirtemburg, and the Prince of Hoenzelles. Emperor returns to Vienna. The Emperor being informed of this Glorious Victory, came the next day to Vienna, and going to St Stevens Church, with the two Electors, and many other Princes and Nobles, caused Te Deum to be sung, which was followed with a Triple discharge of all the Cannon. Battle of Barkan The Polish and Imperial Armies, having refreshed themselves a few days, pursue the Enemy, and near the Fort of Barkan, they find fourteen Thousand Turks Encamped, whom they attack and root so entirely, as scarce four Thousand of them got safe in to the Garrison of Barkan, which the Christians presently attacked, and took it by storm, Turk● defeated. putting all to the sword, except five hundred Janissaries: in this place the D●ke of Lorraine put a good Garrison, and on the twentieth of October he passed the Dannbe with the Imperial Army, and Marched towards Gran. Gra● 〈…〉 The Duke of Lorraine Besieged this Town, and plied it so warmly, An. 1684. as on the twenty seventh of October (which was but three days after the opening of the Trenches) the Turks desired to Capitulate which the Duke listened to, and the Articles being agreed on, the Turks marched out, to the number of two Thousand Jamnisaries, and four Thousand of the Inhabitants, and were conducted by a safe Convoy in their way to Buda. So Gran was recovered, with the loss of an Hundred and fifty Men, after it had been seventy eight years in Possession of the Turks. CHAP. IX. Anno. 1684. Courtray, Dixmude and Luxemburg serzed by the French. Ye have heard, this last year, of the King of Frances pretensions to several Signories and Towns in Germany, and Flanders etc. In prosecution whereof, about the latter end of 1683. he surprised Courtray and Dixmude, and in May after, besieged Luxemburg, which was surrendered to him, on Articles, the tenth of June, 1684. which vexed Spain extremely. Genoa Bombarded and submits to the French King, The French King having picked a quarrel against Genoa, though no just provocation was given him, sends his fleet before the City on the seventeenth of May, 1684. which Bombarded it severely for four or five days, this being the first place he ever Bombarded by sea; The Genoise made pretty good resistance, till the twenty fourth; at which time, the sea growing high, the French Fleet weighed off, which the City was glad of; but fearing their return, and knowing themselves unable to Cope with so potent an Enemy, they send their Do● and four Senators to the French Court, and make their humble Submission. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 Return we now to the Duke of Lorraine whom we left in Gran, who on the twentyeth of May, 1684. gins his March towards Buda; Vicegrad taken by the Duke of Lorraine. and Vicegrad lying in his way, it surrendered to him: from thence he marched to the plains of Waisen, where he found fifteen Thousand Turks drawn up in Battle array. On the twenty sixth of June. he attacked and defeated them, killing a Thousand Turks and one Bassa, the broken Troops fled in to Waisen, which surrendered to the Duke on discretion. On the tenth of July he marched the whole Army over the Danube, and Encamped at St Andrew, Turk's defeated at Saint Andrew Buda besieged, where the Turkish Army engaged him, the encounter was sharp on both sides, but the Turks being baffled and repulsed by the Christians on all hands, they retired at night (with a great dale of loss) towards Buda; the Duke followed them, and on the fourteenth of July invested the Town: On the ninteenth, the Germans attacked the lower Town and drove the Turks out of it, and the Town being fired both by the Turks and Christians, before might it was almost reduced to ashes. And totally rooted at Hanschabets. July 21 1684. The Duke having advice that the Turkish Army was Encamped at H●uschabets, two Germane miles beyond Buda, Marches towards them on the twenty first; the Turkish Army amounted to twenty Thousand, whom the Christians attacked, and after a long and obstinate Fight, routed them, Killing four Thousand, of whom their were a Thousand Janissaries all killed on the place. In the pursuit, a great many moe were killed, Wounded, and taken Prisoners. They took their whole Camp, and all their Artillery, and their Baggage, which was very Rich; Together with Machomets' great Standard, and the Serasquier Bassa's Pavilion, who Commanded the Army in the Grand Viziers Absence. Of this great Victory, the Duke of Lorraine gives the Emperor an account the next day by an express, highly extolling the valour of all the Officers, especially, Prince Lewis of Baden, and the Count de Caprara. The Duke continued the Siege till the 25. of October, dureing which time, The Duke raises his Siege from Buda a great many Warlike and gallant Exploits were performed on both sides, the Assaliants making many brisk Attaks, and the Defendants, many bold and desperate Sallies. But the Wether growing Rainy, and the Cavalry wanting Forage, and withal, the Serasqueir having in this time reinforced his Army, with a design to relieve the besieged; The Duke (by the full advice of a Council of War) resolved to march off and accordingly did so, on the 29. of October 1684. But to mitigate this disappointment at Buda, the Emperor's Armies proved more successful in other parts, The Emperor successful in Sclavonia by General Lesly this Campaign; For in Sclavonia, Count Lesly took Virovitza, the chief City of that Country, and defeated the Bassa of Maratha and the Beg of Zerneg, who (with near Four thousand Men) designed the relief of Virovitza, killing a great many, and taking twenty Prisoners of good quality, and all the Provisions designed for the relief of the place. And though he had but Fourteen thousand Men, he repulsed the Serasquier Bassa, who attacked him with Thirty thousand Men; and fortifying his post, he went to Vienna to give the Emperor an account of all. And in upper Hungary In upper Hungary also; General Schultz took Zeben by storm, killing all the Christian deserters he found there. And having advice that Teckelys Army lay secure, not far from him, on the 17th. of September in the Evening, General Shultz defeats Tecley near Zebon he marches silently, and about three in the next Morning, fell suddenly in upon his Camp, which, in a trece, he made himself Master of entirely rooted the Army, killed Four thousand in the Action, took all Teckelys Tents and Baggage, his Coach, and Standard (himself narrowly escaping) and all his Apparel, ●ate and Money and his Papers also. After this, Schultz took Barthfieldt, and several other small Garrisons, and so retired with Honour and Riches to his Winter-Quarters. About the middle of August 1684. The King of Poland randevouzed his Army at Bucksaes, King of Poland takes Jaslowick, routs out the Tartars killing 3000 from whence he sends a Detachment to Attack the Fortress of Jaslowick, which soon surrendered. After this he marched to Kolenzan, where meeting with a considerable detachment of Tartars, he Commanded his Vanguard to attack them, which they did with that Bravery, that the Enemy fled, leaving Three thousand behind them slain; The Poles losing but an hundred. And so this Action concluded the Polish Campaign. Morosins made Captain General of the Venetian Forces The Venetians having perfited their Alliance with the Emperor and the King of Poland, make Morosint Captain General of their Forces, who, in June Randevouzed the Fleet, at Lessina, and on the 19th, of July arrived before Sancta Maura, situate in the Gulf of Prevesa. And Landing some Forces, raised two Batteries on the East and West sides of the Town, which after some resistance, He takes Sancta Maura surrendered on Articles, about the latter end of July, wherein they found Eighty pieces of Brass-Cannon, and great quantity of Ammunition and Provisions. From thence the Captain General Steers towards Prevesa, and lays Siege to it the 20th. of September. And plying it briskly with Cannons and Bombs by Sea and Land till the twenty eight, And Prevesa the Enemy desired to Capitulate, and Articles being agreed on they Matched out on the 30th. of September; leaving behind them Forty four Cannon, (eighteen whereof, shot a fifty pound Ball) with a great quantity of Ammunition and Provisions, After which the Venetians went to their Winter Quatres at Corsu. The Venetian Troops were successful in Dalmatia also, this Campaign, Venetians successful in Dalmatia for they beat the Turks in several small Rencounters, making Incursisions into their Quarters, An. 1685. and still returning with Victory and Booty; They took in the Isle of Narenta. and the Castle of Narim, and then retired to their Winter Quarters. And so we conclude this year 1684. CHAP. X. Anno 1685 Death of King Ch: the 2d. The first thing remarkable in the year 1685. is The Death of Charles the 2d. King of great Britain, who died of an Apoplexy on Saturnday, the 7th. of February in the 37. year of his Reign, after he had lived 54 years, 8. Months, and 8 days: passing over the the first part of the Character my Author gives of him, I take notice only of the latter part, His Character. which says, he was a Prince the most fit to govern of any other, and applied himself the least to it, which was great pity, since he had such an insight into Men and things, that no Monarch of his Age could pretend to compare with him, besides a mild Disposition, which made him at his Death be so universally Lamented by all sorts of his Protestant Subjects, especially by the Dissenters, and that more out of fear of his Successor, than any great kindness to him. A witty Quaker appearing very jovial; and all about him seeming sad, was asked his reason for being so, who Answered, They had two to deal with before, and now, GOD he thanked, they had but one. Now the Duke of York ascends the Throne, and the same day his Brother died, King James Speech to the Privy Council Assembled the Council, and declared that he intended to follow his Brother's example, in clemency and tenderness to his People, That he would make it his business, to preserve the Government both in Church and State, as established by Law, he commended the Church of England's Principles and Members; and that as he would never departed from the just Prerogatives of the Crown, so he would never invade any Man's Property. King James being solemnly Crowned at Westminster, the twenty third of April 1685, King James Crowned. He appoints a Parliament to meet the Twenty second of May after, to whom, Repeating much of what he had said to the Council, His Speech to the Privy Council repeated to the Parliament, and his demand of Money. he proceeded to the demanding a large supply of Money, laying before them many plausible Reasons and Arguments, for moving them thereto. The Parliament (being in a manner fashioned and moulded before, to his Inclinations) not only settled the Customs and temporary Excise upon him, as they were before upon his Brother, but laid a new Imposition upon Wines, Vinegar, Sugar. Tobacco, and other Commodities, so as in short, his revenue (with the hereditary Excise, and other Revenues of the Crown amounted to Two Millions four hundred thousand Pounds per annum, Which is granted. to which add an Hundred and fifty thousand Pounds per annum, which he had, when Duke of York, the whole amounted to Two Millions, and five hundred and fifty thousand Pounds per annum. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 The King then acquainted the Parliament, That he had News from Scotland of the Earl of Argyles Landing in the Highlands; Argyle lands in Scotland. That he had put out two Declarations, one of which he presently communicated to them. Which is so generally known in Scotland, and elsewhere, as saves me the Labour of repeating it here. To be short, in a few days after, the Earl's small Forces were dissipated, and each Man shifted for himself; And he himself falling unhappily into the hands of a Countryman, was soon after brought to Edinburgh, He is taken and Executed at Edinburgh he died very piously. where (for his former unpardonable Crime, req●ireing care should be taken for the Protestant Religion, and for explaining himself on taking the Test) this brave (though unfortunate) Man was beheaded. June the 30. But a blacker Cloud appeared about this time, in the West of England, Monmouth lands in England. by the Duke of Monmouths Landing at Lyme in , on the 12. of June, where he presently put out an ample Declaration, in his own name, and the rest of his followers. Which Declaration being very large, and being generally known all Britain over, I shall now overpass. The Prince of Orange hearing of Monmouths Landing in England, Prince of Orange offer to King James presently sends over the Six English Regiments, in the Dutch Service and Pay, and by Monsieur Benting, not only offers King James, the loan of his Troops, but to come in person and command his Army, if his Majesty pleased. But before Benting reached London; Skelton, King James Envoy at the Hague, had sent the King so bad a Character of the Prince, Rejected. as he told Benting, that their common Interest required the Princes stay in Holland, and hinted as much to him, as he thought, his Zeal for his Service was not seasonable at that time, and this was the thanks the Prince had for his Service offered. Providence so favoured King James at this time, as the Duke of Monmouths Forces are defeated at Sedgemore, Monmouth Executed and he being taken soon after, was brought to London, and Beheaded on the 15. of July. Jessereys' Bloody Work in the West. Hereupon followed the Tragical proceed in the West, The Lord chief Justice Jessereys, being clothed with a Commission of Oyer and Terminer, to try and prosecute all who had any way appeared or concurred with Monmouth; At Dorchester, 30. being Impeached, he hanged Twenty nine of them, and again, of two hundred and forty three, eighty suffered and almost as many at Exeter, at last, he finished his Bloody Assizes, at Tauntoun and Wells, where above 500 were Condemned, and of them 239. were Executed; Yet for all his Bloody Humour, Covetousness put in for a share. For he had the Conscience to take Fourteen thousand, and Five hundred Pounds for saving the Life of one Man. And Kirks also Nor was Colonel Kirk much short of him in Cruelty, for at Taunton, he caused Ninety Wounded Men to be Hanged, and that with the Solemnity of Trumpets, Drums, and Bagpipes making a noise all the time of their Execution. And after all this Alerman Cornish a Worthy Honest Citizen of London, is Apprehended, Arraigned, Condemned, Mr. Cornish Executed. and Executed, and that for no other Cause, Realy, but that being Sheriff of London at the Discovery of the Popish Plot, he had appeared Active in prosecuting the Conspirators, and this was the Demonstration of the King's Clemency and tenderness towards his People, which he so fairly promised, first to the Privy Council, and soon after, to the Parliament. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 All things going so fair on in England with the King, he gins to take Ireland under consideration, and in the first place, he gins to turn out some Eminent Protestant Officers, as the Lord Shannon, Captain Robert fitzgerald, Captain Richard Coot, and Sir George St. George, all Captains of Horse, and fills up these Vacancies with Popish Officers: Then he calls over the Duke of Ormond, Colonel Talbot sent to Enland to no other end, then that by divesting him of the Government of that Kingdom, he might make way for the advancement of his darling Richard Talbot, a bigot Papist, whom he first makes a Colonel of Horse, and afterwards. Lord Deputy and General of all his Forces in Ireland, and creates him Earl of Tirconnel, who being clothed with this Grandour and Power, He disbands Protestant's began presently to Exereise it, he Disbanded whole Companies and Troops at once, stripping them of their , and depriving them of their Horses and Accutrements, all which they had paid for; he turned off two or three hundred Protestant Officers, And makes up the Army of Irish Papists. many of Whom had purchased their Commissions at a dear rate, and in a short time turned out of the Army Five or Six thousand Protestant Soldiers; most part of whom, went a Begging; and form the Army entirely of Irish Papists, with a mixture of some few French Officers, all Papists. King James being elated and animated with his Success hitherto, The King's speech to the Parliament in November 1685. both in England and Ireland: and finding his Parliament so pliable to all his desires, in the last Session; at their meeting in November 1685 he lays before them, the necessity of Encreassing the Army, and of a continual standing Force to defend Him and the Nation from all attempts of their Enemies, either abroad or at home, and desires a supply answerable to the necessary expense in that matter. And in the next place he extols the Loyalty and good services of many Popish Officers he had taken into the Army, and declared plainly, that he would not expose them to disgrace, nor deprive himself of the benefit of their service, if a new Rebellion should happen. The Parliament taking their motions into Consideration, The answer of both houses. the Lords Voted (though faintly, and not unanimously) that thanks should be returned to his Majesty; for his Speech: But the house of Commons went to work more Ingenuously and roundly, for on the sixteenth of November, they addressed the King, That finding his Majesty not fully satisfied with the Militia, in the late troubles, they would take care to make them more useful for the future (but not on word, of Encreassing the Army) and for the Popish Officers, they were preparing a Bill for indemnifying them, from the penalty they had incurred by Law; but because the continuing them in the Army (without ane Act of Parliament) might be thought a dispensing power with that Law, they humbly prayed he would be pleased to give such directions therein, that no Jealousies might r●main in the hearts of his faithful Subjects The consequent of this address was, The Parliament dissolved. ●ust a prorogation, and then a dissolution of the Parliament. And so the King is left at liberty to pursue his designs by such methods as he thought fit. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 Tho it be a long stepped From En●land to Hungary, yet thither we go, to inquire how affairs went there, this last campaign. Hungary. On the the thirteenth of June, 1685. The Duke of Lorraine arrives at the Imporial Camp, Newheusel besieged by Lorraine. between Newheusel and Barkan, where the Siege of Newheusel is resolved on, thither the Duke marches, and on the eleventh of July, the Trenches are opened; and the Siege carried on with great resolution till the end of july, the besieged making obstinate resistance. Duke of Lorraine. marches to relieve Gran besieged by the Turks. The Duke having certain advice that the Scrasquier Bassa had Besieged Gran with an Army of near sixty Thousand Men; resolved to leave a sufficient body for carrying on the Siege, and with the greatest part of the Army, to march to the r●leise of Gran: The Emperor approving this resolution, on the first of August The Duke began his march towards Gran, and on the fourteenth Encamped very near the Enemy. The Turks believing the Christian Army to be not above twenty Thousand, attached them with great fury, but were so warmlie received, as they were soon convinced of their mistake, and repent of it. though to late. The Turks totaly routed at Gran. The Imperialist pursues them hotly, even to their Camp, making great slaughter, and without any stop, drove them from their Camp, and gave them a total overthrow. In this action, the Turks lost sour Thousand Jamsaries, and two thousand Spahs their Baggage and all their Artillery, being twenty three prices of Cannon and four Mortars. The Christians lost not above an Hundred Men, and of them, no person of Note. Vicegarde taken by the Turks. But while the Serasquier lay before Gran (where he lost near three Thousand, in the attaches) he detached a party to Vicegrade, which after a whiles brave defence, was forced at last to surrender, carrying off their Arms and Baggage, and came safe to the Imperial Army. This small loss was a boundantly Compensed with the gaining the strong Garrison of Newheusel. which was thought invincible; Newheusel taken by storm by the Duke of Croy and Caprara. for the General Caprara and the Duke of Croy (who commanded the Forces left at the Siege by the Duke of Lorraine) having by great application and industry made their approaches so near, as their Cannon had made a breach in one of the Bastions, so broad, that three Men might enter a breast, resolved on a general Assault the next day, being the ninteenth of August, which accordingly was performed and carried on with such incredible Resolution, that (notwithstanding the Vigorous resistance made by the Defendants) they rushed into the Town, and put all to the Sword, only Hassan Bassa (who was ill wounded) and ten Officers were saved. They found in the Town seveny five pieces of Cannon, besides a great quantity of Warlike provisions. This great loss of the Turks, moved the Serasquier Ipradim, to wri●e to the Duke of Lorraine, offering some Proposals for Peace, which was earnestly seconded by the Aga who brought the Letter▪ To which, the Duke answered. That he had no Instructions to listen to any Overturs for Peace, but that he would acquaint His Imperial Majesty with the Serasquiers Proposals; And so we leave Affairs here, and see what the Gern●an● have been doing in other places, all this time. General Leslie Commanding in Croatia, form a design against Esseck, and on the ninth of August directed his march thitherward. General Leslie takes Esseck. The Town of Michalowitz lying in his way, and hearing it was kept by sixty Turks only, he forced it to surrender at discretion; and so continued his march towards Esseck, to which he drew near, the fourteenth of August; where being opposed by a Body of Turks, he attached them, and drove them into the Town, and followed them so closely, that his men presently scaled the Walls, which were not very strong and made themselves Masters of the Town, the pillage whereof the General gave to the Soldiers. And so (with the loss of no more than sixty Men) he returned to Michalowitz. Esperies taken by General Leslie. In upper Hungary, General Schultz lays Siege to Esperies, which was stoutly Defended, but at last, the Governor understanding some Additional Forces were coming to the Besiegers on the 11 of September he desired a Parley, when Articles being agreed on, the Town is put into the Germans hands on the 12. And Baschaw by Caprara. And soon after the City of Baschaw was taken by General Caprara; Agria was Bombarded by the Baron de Merci, and all the Country round it ravaged and destroyed: After which the Troops went into their Winter Quarters. SECT. 5. Sect. 5 We find but small Feats of the Poles this Campaign, for they suffered the Provinces of Podolia to be ravaged by the Tartars, Poland. They came late into the Field, under the Crown General, Poland does but little. made two or three small skirmishes with the Enemy, and so returned to their Winter Quarters. Francisco Morosins, Venetians Captain General of the Venetian Forces, set Sail for Coron, in July. Morosins' beseiges Coron. To which he laid Siege, but was soon Assaulted by a Body of Turks, whom he defeated, killing four Hundred of them, and as many wounded; yet in a few days after▪ the Turks rallied again and on the 30th of July made a new attempt of brea●ing into the Venetian Trenches, Be●ts the Tu●ks tuice. but were valiantly repulsed, and beaten back to their own Retrenchments: lossing near four Hundred more, and Kalib Bassa, killed with a Cannon bullet; yet for all this, the Besieged make a brave Resistance, and will not listen to any proposals, trusting always for relief from the Turkish Camp, which lay not far from the Venetians, the Captain General understanding this, resolves (wi●h consent of all his Officers) to force the Enemies Camp, He forces the Turks Camp and and outs them. which the next morning early, they attempted and proved therein very successful, for the Turks (expecting no such thing) were mightly surprised both with the suddenness and boldness of the attempt, and being in great Terror and Confusion, forsook their Camp and fled, the Venetians making a horrible slaughter of them in their flight. They found in the Camp a rich Booty of Artillery, Arms, and all sorts of provisions. After this, the Besieged began to flag and loss Courage, yet holding out obstinately, till at last (after 49 days Siege) the Besiegers made a General Assault, and porsecuted the same so eagerly, as they took the Town by mere Force, He takes Coron be storm putting all to the Sword; without respect of age or sex. In the Town they found a Hundred and twenty eight Pieces of Cannon, whereof sixty six were Brass, with a great deal of Riches, and Provisions of all sorts. After this he took the strong Garrison of Zarnata, which surrendered to him the 11 of September, thence, coming to Calamata, he was attached by the Captain Bassa, and ten Thousand Turks, whom he valiantly fought and defeated, possessed himself of Calamata, and brought the whole Province of Mayna under the Jurisdiction of the Republic. This was a fatal year to the French Protestants, for for by an Edict, the 22d. of October, An. 1686 the Edicts of Nants and Nisines are repealed, Persecution of the French Protestants began. whereon followed a severe Persecution. CHAP. XI. Anno 1686. SECT. 1. Sect. 1 We return again to England. The late Parliament being dissolved, the King endeavours to get all the Judges in Westminster Hall to be such as would Justify all his Actions, England. so as he might (at least seemingly) have the Law on his side: To which end, he gins to Bargain with them, that they should declare the King's Power of dispensing with the Penal Laws and Tests, made against Recusants out of Parliament, and manadged this design so, as he brought it a great length. The high Commission. In the next place, he gives a Commission of Ecclesiastical Affairs to the Bishop of Chester (the Bishop of Canterbury refuseing the Employment) and several others of Clergy, and Ley-men; which Commission is to be seen at large in Coke Detection etc. The first that this Commission fastened upon, Bishop of London suspended by it. was the Bishop of London, whose Crime was, that he did not suspend Doctor Sharp for Preaching in his Parish Church of St Giles, against the Frauds and Corruptions of the Church of Rome, for which he is suspended, ab Offici●, though the real cause was for moving (in the last Parliament) that the King's speech might be Debeated, which stuck in the King's stomach, and is now remembered to the Bishop. Also, the fellows of Magdalen College. The next blow the Commission gives, is at the Fellows of Magdalen College in Oxford, for chuseing for their Precedent Doctor Hough, a person very well qualified; and refuseing the Bishop of Oxford, Recommended to them by the King: but after they had chosen the other, for which cause, the Commissioners, not only turns them out of their Fellowships, but makes them uncapable of any other Ecclesiastical Preferments. Now comes on the stage, Thomas Dangerfe●d, who discovered the Meal-tub-plot, Dangerfend killed. for which he is sentenced to be whipped with Doctor Oats, and at his return from Tyburn towards Newgate, he is run into the eye, with a Tuck on the end of a cane, by Robert Francis a Papist, of which (and the agony of his severe whipping) he died soon after. However Francis is hauged for that base and Barbarous Act. Mr. Johnson whipped and for what crime And Mr. Samuel Johnson a Minister, was Sentenced also to stand 3 times in the Pillory, and to be whipped between Tyburn and Newgate, which was executed severely, his crime being, a humble and hearty address, to the Protestant Officers in the King's Army. Showing them the sin and danger of Associating themselves with Papists, and earnestly exhorting them to separate themselves speedily from them. King's Letter to Scotland. in favour of Papists About this time, The King wrote a Letter to the Council of Scotland, in which he takes no notice at all of Protestant Dissenters, but recommends to them his innocent Roman Catholic Subjects, who with their Lives and Fortunes had been always assistant to the Crown in the worst of Rebellions etc. These he hearty recommended to their Care, that they might have the benefit of his Laws, and that security under his Government, as others of his Subjects had, and that Obligations might not be imposed upon them, which their Religion could not admit of, wherein they would do him most acceptable Service, etc. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 Now the Hungarian War calls us thither again. The Duke of Lorram joining the Imperial Army in June, Hungary Marches towards Buda, where he arrived the 21st, The 2d. Siege of Buda. and placed his Men in their Old Trenches, near the lower Buda; A deserting Janisary coming to the Duke, told him there were not above Six thousand Men in the Town, and that the Garrison was not near so strong, as at the former Siege, which Intelligence did much encourage the Besiegers. The Siege is carried on with a great deal of industry till the 4th. of July, On which day the Brandenburgers arrived in the Camp: The 9th. the Beseidged made a Sally, and did considerable Damnage; but were repulsed: The 13th, the Duke commanded a Lodgement to be made on the Breach, in which Attack, he lost near a Thousand Men, besides many Officers, and Fifty Volunteers, whereof were several Noblemen, and divers English Men of good quality. On the 22d. The Turks Sallied on the Bavarian Quarter, and did considerable Execution: On the 27. the Duke made a general Assault, and the Germans fixed their Lodgement on the first Wall: On the 3d. of August, they made a general Assault, again on the second Wall, but were beaten off with a considerable loss. On the 13th, the Duke had certain advice that Nincy thousand Turks were on their March towards him; Whereupon, leaving Twenty thousand Men to carry on the Siege, he marched all the rest of the Army out of the Lines, and drew up in order of Battle. A sharp skirmish. And hearing that the Grand-Visier had detached Six thousand Jaussaries, and Four thousand Spahis, all choice Men, to take up some Advantageous posts on the Neighbouring Hills, he sent off seven Regiments of Horse, and some few Hungarians to oppose them, who (with the help of the Regiments of Taff) forced the Enemy headlong down the Hill, Turk's worsted with so great fury and slaughter, as near three thousand Jaussaries lay on the spot, and the rest retired towards Esseck. The Germans brought back with them, eight pieces of Cannon, thirty Colours and Standards, with three hundred Prisoners; And perhaps a more vigorous Action was never performed by Horse alone. The two Armies being drawn up in Battle array, Confronted one mother, Buda Attacked at a respectful dutance, for some time; at last the Turks drew back by degrees towards the Hills, on which the Christians advanced their right wing some ●h●t before their main Body, which the Turks perceiving, made a faint Attack, but were repulsed; It drawing late. the Christians retired towards their Trenches, slowly and in good order. The Grand Visier also retired with his Army towards A●ba Rega●●●, and ordered the Bassa (who gave him an account of the Defeat in the Morning) to be strangled, only for saying, they charged the Christians like Lions, but they received them like Devils. The Siege is still curried on with all the force and industry possible for Men, till the 1st. of September, the Grand Visier, in the mean time, using all endeavours to throw in some Men into the Town, which he could not possibly perform. That day the Christian Army was strengthened by the Accession of ten thousand Men, under the Command of Count Scherffenberg; whereon it was unanimously agreed, to storm the Town the next day, which was performed accordingly, for all things being put in due order, the Cannons and Mortars playing all the Forenoon, and the signal being given at three Afternoon, all the Detatchments advanced, and mounted the Breaches, with as great Order as Courage. Buda taken by Storm. The Germans were twice beaten back, but being animated with the Duke's presence, who led them on himself, made a third Attack, so furiously, as they entered the Town with the slaughter of eight hundred Janissaries who defended that Breach, where the Visier Bassa was in person, who through the whole Action gave great proofs of his Bravery, and being first Wounded, was at last killed in the breach. The other Detatchmen's going on with the like Resolution, entered the Town on all sides, so as in little more than an Hours time, they made themselves absol to Masters of the Town. The Soldiers round in the Town a great dale of Plate, Jewels, and Money, so as many of them had two or three thousand pound for his share. Of Five thousand Men in the Town at first, above three thousand were killed, and about a thousand five hundred of them getting in to a Redoubt, hung out a Flag, and begged Quarters, which the Duke was pleased to grant. The number of Christians slain, was about Five hundred, and not so many Wounded; The Grand-visier retires with shame to Alba Regalis they got in the Town Four hundred pieces of Cannon. This Victory was the more Glorious, that it was acquired in the sight of the Grand Visier and his powerful Army, who had not Courage to attempt the relief of it, but so soon as he knew the Town was taken, he set Fire to his Camp, and retired with dishonour and grief to Alba Regalis. Things being set in order in Buda, the Duke sends the Prince of Baden to take in five Churches, Prince of Baden takes five Churches Syclos, and Capsowar. Burns the Bridge of Esseck. in which Garisonthere was a Bassa, seven Beys and two thousand sive hundred Men; Notwithstanding which force the Prince plying them hard with Cannon, which made a great Breach, forced them (on the 20th. of October) to surrender at discretion. so as the Garrison and all the Inhabitants were made Prisoners of War. The Prince sends the Count of Sherffenberg with the half of his Forces to besieged Syclo●, And then retires to Winter Quarters who arrived before it on the 25 of October, and the Garrison (after a faint resistance) surrendered at discretion. After this, the Count re-joines the Prince at Darda, who marched straight to Esseck, where he burned all the Bridge, from Darda to the Drove and all the Turks Boats on that River. From thence he marched back to Capsowar, which surrendered on Articles, And, the Wether growing bad, he sends all his Troops into Winter Quarters. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 At the same time that the Duke sent the Prince of Baden to take in Five Churches he sent Count Caraffa from Buda also, Segedin besieged by General Wallis with a strong to Detatchment, to lay Siege to Segedin, at which place he arrived on the 5th. of October, but he being recalled by the Duke, the Siege was carried on by General Wallis, who (being reinforced by some Horse and Dragons from the Duke, commanded by General Veterans▪ carried on the Siege resolutely, the Garrison making a stout resistance. Veterani Defeats the Turks at Scinta. Twice But hearing that the Grand Visier had detatched two thousand Turks and four thousand ●artars to relieve Segedin, and that they were within four Hungarian Miles of his Camp, he sends Veterani with about five thousand Men to attack them, who marches that night, and by break of day next Morning, fell into their Camp at Scinta, and routed them totally, Killed many, took many Prisoners, and all their Baggage: But on his return to Segedin, he is attacked, by twelve thousand Turkish Horse, and five hundred Janissaries on foot, the Grand Visier himself commanding; And finding it impossible to avoid fight, he attacks them with incredible courage, and after an obstinate fight for two hours, he routed them, killed above two thousand, took all their Baggage and Cannon, many fine Horses, four hundred Mules, and five hundred Camels, all loaded with Ammunition and Provision for the relief of Segedin, Segedin yielded. which was so daunted with this defeat, as it surrendered, the 23. of October and this concluded the Campaign all Hungary over. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 This last spring, the Turks were earlier in the field than the Venetians; Venetians. The Captain Bassa lays siege to Chialapha with ten thousand Foot and three thousand Horse, The Turks beseige Chialapha. the Captain General. Morosim hearing of this, sailed with the Fleet to Porto Vitulo, and on the 30th. of March landed five thousand Men, who, that night attacked an outpost near the Turks Camp, The Siege raised. and possessed themselves of the place, which so frighted the Besiegers, as they marched off before day: but the Venetians pursued them, killed five hundred, and took all their Cannon. And so Chialapha was relieved. From Porto Vitulo, the Captain General Sailed to old Navarino, Old Navarino surrendered to the Captain General Morosini which surrendered June 23. from hence General Coning●mark marched to new Navarino and invested it, and hearing the Serasquier Bassa was on his march, with ten thousand Turks, to relieve it, he left a competent number to guard the Works, and on the 14th. of June marched to meet him, and three times, endeavoured to engage him, but the Turks retired, and passing over a River, posted themselves on very advantageous Ground, The Serasquier Bassa rooted, and new Navarino surrendered Coning●mark being reinforced with fourteen thousand Men from the Fleet, pursues, passes the River, attackes their Camp, and after two Hours hot dispute, defeats them totally, kills near a thousand, takes many Prisoners and all their Baggage. After this he returns to the Siege, where a Bomb setting Fire in their Magazine, blew up a hundred and fifty of the Garrison, and the Bassa who commanded in it, and they surrendered on the 17th. of June, in the Town they found sixty three pieces of Cannon, and much Ammunition etc. Modon surrendered to the Captain General The Captain General his and Men encouraged with this good success, lay siege to Modon, a conside Garrison in the Morea, in which were three thousand men, a Bassa being Governor. The Siege began the 22d. of June, and continued till the 6th of July, with a great dale of Courage on both sides, when, the besieiged hearing nothing of the Succours, which the Serasquier promised to send them, Capitulated and Surrendered both the Town and Castle, leaving near a hundred pieces of Cannon, thirteen Mortars, with a great quantity of all Provisions. The next place attacked by the Captain General, is Napols' de Romania the ancient Nauplia) in which was Mustapha Bassa Governor, and two thousand three hundred Men, the siege was laid the 14. of July, and carried on resolutely till the 29th. in which time, the Serasquier Bassa made three several attempts on the besiegers, but was still repulsed with loss, losing in the last Action a thousand five hundred of his best Men and a hundred and twenty taken Prisoners; Napolide-Romania surrendered the Governor despairing now of any relief, and not daring to abide a general Assault, which the besiegers had resolved on, capitulated and surrendered, much on the same terins as Modon had done. This Victory occasioned a great joy in Venice, that Garrison being very considerale. About the latter end of this Campaign, Signior Cornaro, Providitor-General in Dalmatta, and the Prince of Parma, drew together [near Scalona] a thousand Horse, and three thousand Foot of Regular Troops, and five thousand Morlaques commanded by the Chivalier Janko, and march towards Sign, Sign taken by storm. to which they laid siege on the 23d. of September, which continued till the 26. only, for the Besiegers having, in two days, made a considerable breach, on the third made a general Assault, and took the place by Storm, putting all to the Sword, save some few Women and Children, the taking of this made the Venetians Masters of the fertile Province of Ze●tina. SECT. 5. Sect. 5 Having run through English, Hungarian and Venetian, Affaires, this last year 1686, King of Poland's expedition into Moldavia. it remains to give some Account of Affairs in Poland. the last year there, passing without any Memorable Action. The King having made Alliance Defensive and Offensive with the two Czars of Muscovy; Marchces, Poland. in July (on the Head of his Army) towards Moldavia and it was the middle of August before he reached jassi, the Capital City of that Country. Where he expected the Hospodar of Moldavia should have Joined him, as he had promised, but the Hospodar had retired from lassi before the King came, and sent his excuse for not Joining him, his Children being then in the Turks hands as Hostages. Though the King was a little troubled at this, ye● he Marched on as far as Falsun, where eight Thousand Tartars suddenly attacked the Vanguard of his Army; and after a hot dispute, for near two hours, they were repulsed with the loss of eight Hundred Men, as many more prisoners being taken, and one of the Cham, sown standards; from this the King advanced to Falxin, with an intention to continue his March to Budz●●ck. but being informed he had great Mountains to pass over, that the Towns were burnt, and the forage destroyed by the Tartars, he Marched back to Ias●, in 6 days time, but the Enemy gave him no rest there, vexing him with continual Alarms; at last understanding that the main Body of the Tartars, Fights and defeats Sultan Nuradin. Commanded by Sultan Nuradin, was come near to his Camp, and that a party of four Thousand Men were advanced before the main Body, he sent the Court Marshal and the Court Treasurer about midnight to attack them, himself following with the whole Army; the Marshal accordingly attacks them and totally routed them, An. 1687. taking above three Hundred Prisoners; soon after, the two main Bodies advanced and Engaged and after a short Fight. The Tartars were routed, and fled, leaving a great many sl● in and many taken prisoners, but not without loss on the Poles side, several Officers and persons of Quality being, killed particularly the Palatin Podos●ker; after this the King Marched homewards, and in this expedition acquired no great applause. CHAP. XII. Anno 1687. SECT. 1. Sect. 1 We left off Affairs in England last year, taking notice of the King's kindness to his Roman Catholic Subjects in Scotland, England. by his Letter to the Council, in their Favours, but now follows a more General Act of his to that end, Toleration of Religion. for on the 12th. of February he Issues out his Proclamation, for a Toleration of Religion unto all. But for all this his trusty Tirconnill, now chief Governor in Jreland, would scarce allow the benesite of this Proclamation, to the Protestant Subjects there; for he (Succeeding the Noble Earl of Clarenden) exerted his Authority to the height, Tirconnels proceed in Ireland. in his Proclamation, the letter end of February, he promised to defend the Laws, Liberty and Established Religion; yet he left out the preservation of the Act of Settlment and explanation, resolving speedily to repossess the Irish of their forfeited Estares. The King goes on, without any stop, in making Popish Judges, And King James' in England. Justices, Magistrates, and deputy Leiurennants, all England over, The privy Council is filled up with Papists. Popish Schools Encouraged in London, and through all the Kingdom, and four Foreign Popish Bishops, as Viccars apostolical are allowed in Ecclesiatickal Jurisdiction, over all England and Wales. And further, the Earl of Castlemain is sent Ambassador to Rome, to Tender the King's Obedience to the Holy Apostolical See, Earl of Castlmain sent Embaslador to Rome. with great hopes of extirpating the Northern Pestilent Heresy, in a short time. And to secure the dispensing power, Tirconnel sends him over a considerable Detachment of Irish Papists to strengthen his Army, who are now become intolerably insolent. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 In Hungary, this Campaign, Hungary. The Imperial Army Consisted of sixty two Thousand nine Hundred Fight Men, a third part whereof was to Act in upper Hungary, under the Duke of of Bavarta; Duke of Lorraine marches towards Esseck. a nother third part in lower Hungary, under the Duke of Lorraine; and the third on the Frontiers of Cr●a●ta, under General Dunewald, The whole Army Rendevouzed near Barkin, where the Duke of Lorram arrived on the thirteenth of May: on the seventeenth of June the Duke of Lorraine advanced towards Esseck continuing there about for near three Weeks, without any Considerable Action, on the thirteenth of July, he passed the Drove, Passes the drove. where the Duke of Bavaria Joined him with his Forces, as Dunewald had done (a Week before) with three or sour Thousand of his party, so as a review of the Army being taken, it was found to consist of fifty five Thousand Men. The Duke being informed that the Grand Visier (with near eighty Thousand Men) was Encamped near Mohatz, repassed the Drove, and Marched towards him, the Duke's Army being Joined (on his March) with eight Thousand Swabian Troops, so he came near to Mohatz on the 29 of July, where he spent some days endeavouring to draw the Turks to a Battle, and finding them to decline an ingadgement, he made a show of retireing towards Syclo●, on purpose to draw them after him, which had the wished effect, for the Grand Vasier being animated with the Duke's Retreat, on the 12 of August advanced, and ordered ten Thousand Spahts and five Thousand Janissaries to attack the Imperialists left Wing, which they did, with great fury: but were bravely repulsed by General Dunewald, Turk's defeated at Mohatz. 16000 killed. and so both Armies entirely engaged, the Turks observing better order in that Bartle then ever formerly, the Fight continued for a long time, with great courage on both sides: But by little and little, the Turks began to loss ground, and at last took themselves to open flight. The Christians pursued closely, and entered pel mel with them in their very Camp, making a horrible slaughter, in which Action the Christians lost not above seven Hundred Men, but of the Turks, there were killed on the spot, and drowned in the Morasses and River, few less than sixteen thousand. The Christians got a very rich Booty in their Camp, with a Hundred and sixteen piece of Cannon. The Duke of Bavaria had for his share, the Grand Viziers Tent, which resembled a Castle for bulk, enriched wi●h Gold, Pearls, and Precious stones, he got also all the I late, Jewels, and forty thousand Ducats in Cash. Butschin yielded From Mohatz, the Duke detached General Dunewald, with Forces to attack Butschin, which lay between the Drove and the Save, to which he laid Siege the 11th of September, and followed it so vigorously. as on the 14th the Aga who Commanded, surrendered at discretion; this strong Fortress being gained, brought above a Hundred Villages about it; under Contribution, it covered Virovitz●, and hindered the Turk of sending any succours to Sigeth and Camsia. Esseck abandoned by the Turks. The Garrison of Ess●ck being alarumed and daunted with the lofs of this Important place, abandoned it on the 29th. of September, which General Dunewala hearing of, sent Count de Lodion with a detachment thither, who entered the same without any opposition, finding in it fifty two pieces of Cannon, four Mortars, and a vast quantity of Ammunition and other provisions. After this, the Turks surrendered Walpo at discretion, and abandoned Possega, the Capital City of Sclavon●a, and some other small Garrisons. Transilvanta revolts. To return to the Duke of Lorram he understanding that Abafit Prince of Trans●invama had declared in favour of the Port notwithstanding of his Treaty made with the Emperor, (about the 15th. of September) passed the Theysse, and Marched his Army directly towards Transilvama which he presently reduced under the Emperor's Obedience, and concluded an advantageous Treaty with Prince Abasts and the States of Transilvama, Reduced by Lorraine. And from thence he went to Presburg, the Capital City of upper Hungary where the Emperor than was, and who, by this time had so settled all Affairs with the States of the Country, Joseph Arch Duke elected King of Hungary and crowned. as they were willing to accept of Archduke Joseph, the Emperor's eldest Son; for their King, whose Coronation was performed on the 9th, of December following, with the greatest Pomp and Solemnity. To all this good success, is added the surrendry of Agria to Count Caraffa, Agri● surrendered. which was kept by Rustem Bassa, and four thousand Turks, who were starved out of it, only by a Blockade. An. 1596 it was taken by Sultan Mahomet with an hundred and fifty thousand Men. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 The great overthrow at Mohatz, with the loss of Butschin, Esseck, and Agria, caused a great deal of discontent amongst the Turks, both in the Army, and at the Port. Which was increassed by an irreconciliable feud between the Grand Visier and Osman Bassa, the latter getting the Ascendant of the former, in the Affections of the Soldiers, gets the Army to Mutinee against the Grand Visier, who thereupon fled to Costantinople, after whom, Os●an sent four Deputies, who informed the Grand Signior of many Malversations of the Grand Visier, and prevails so far as to get Osman advanced to that Command: however, the Mutinous Army Marches on towards Constantinpole, The Grand Viser beh●●ded. and the Grand Signior being assuaged of their rage, and designing to applease them sends them the head of Solyman the late Grand Visier together with many fair promises of full satisfaction, notwithstanding this, they advance: The Sultan Mahomet ●earing his being deposed, designs to cut off his brother Solyman, and his own Sons also supposing this the surest way ●o continue himself in the Goverament, Sultan Mah●met depos●●. and his brother So●●man set on his Throne when there was none left of the Royal Line to set on the Throne; but this his wicked and Bloody project being discovered by the Caimacan, the Musti, the Caydelesker, and several ot●ers of the Grand Ministers, they clap him up in prison, and set his brother Solyman on the Throne, which presently brought all matters into a tolerable Setlement. Venetians. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 The Turks were early in the field this Spring, in Dalmatic, and two Balla's laid S●ige to Sign, which was stoutly defended by the Marquis de Borrs and seven hundred Men, till the 22d. of april at which time, the Siege was ●aised by the approach of General Carnaro, who soon also saved the Fertresse of O●usch besieged by the Ba●●●a of Erzegovina. Calilen●●o 〈◊〉 en by General Carnaro. General Carnaro, having joined the Auxiliary Galleys, and ●ade other necessary provisions he came in sight of Cas●●enovo on the 1s. of S●ptember, where he Landed his Forces, though with some dissioulty and opposition, he made himself Master of the Enemies first Trenches, and the next day he took the second Trenche● also, though with consideral le loss on both sides, the Town being hotly plied with Cann●n, Eombs, etc. till the 28th. the Christians made a sharp assault, but were beaten off, with the loss of two hundred M●n▪ but on the first of October They made a fresh Assault, wherein they had so good success, as the besieged came to a Parley, and yielded upon condition to march out with their Arms, unmolested. After which, Winter coming on, he dispersed the Troops into their Winter Quarters. Mor●sini takes Corinth, Sparta, and Athens. But General Morosini●● success in the Morea was far more considerable, for on the 23d. of July he sets Sail for Patras●, where being arrived, he landed a part of his Troops, and hearing the Serasquter was encamped near that place with Eight or Nine thousand Men, he ordered Count Con●●smark to advance and attack him, and after an obstinate Fight, the Turks were defeated, with the loss of Five hundred Men, and the Bassa of Va●●ona, the Count losing near a hundred. Presently after this loss, the Turks abandoned Patrass, the Castles of La. Morta and Romalia, and the City and Castle of Lepanto. From thence the Captain General made Sail to Corinth, and when he came there, he found it abandoned, and set on sire by the Turks, which he took care in all haste, to extinguish. After which the Castle of Fornesse yielded and all the Villages about Corinth submitted, as did also the ancient and renowned City of Sparta, and the Cities of Cartena and Drobloghina, sent him their Keys and voluntarly submitted; And after this, on the 20th. of September, he Arrived at the old famous Atheus, which presently capitulated and surrendered. And now, the Season growing Stormy, and his Forces being much weakened by supplying so many Garrisons, lately fallen in his hands, he thought fit to lie by a while, and give his Men so●erepose, till he should receive farther orders from Ventre, Peland, SECT. 5. Sect. 5 Now (for forms sake, and method only We come to Poland, An. 1688. who did very little Memorable, last Campaign, and, for any thing I find, little more in this. For though they made a great noise about their preparations to Bombard Caminieck made no great matter of it, though Prince James was at the head of the Enterprise, And the King himself in the Field, to cover the Attempt. Nor is there much more to be said of their Allies, the Moscovites, who returned home, without doing any more, then threatening the Tartars. And whose General Gallitzen, to save his own credit, charged all the miscarriages upon Samu Blowitz, General of the Cossaeks, on which pretence, he took both him and his Son Prisoners, and sent them to Moscow, and we do never hear any thing of them afterwards, and so ended this mock Campaign, on that side. CHAP. XIII. Anno 1688. Sect. 1 We come now to a year of Wonders, wherein happended such Revolutions in Europe as can hardly be paralleled in any age, England since the dissolution of the Roman Empire. A mighty Monarch thrust from his Throne; And, by the Alwise Providence, a Prince raised up, [by his merit, and excellent conduct] not only to the possession of three Crowns, but to become the head of the most Serene Allies, not only in the management of the War, but in the prosecution and accomplishment of the Peace that ensued, with equal Glory to himself, as advantage to his Confederates, and 'tis reasonably hoped, The King order his Declaration for Toleration to be read in all Chs. will prove most of all so, to his own Subjects Without repeating how far the dispensing power was carried on, I now proceed to show you, how absolute the King would be in the same; For on the 4th. of May, he passed an order in Council, that his Declaration of Indulgence should be read, thorough all Churches of England and Wales. Seven Bishops Petition him not to insist on that The Archbishop of Canterbury and six Bishops more finding this inconsistent, both with the Laws and their Consciencos, humbly Petition His Majesty, not to insist on it, nor press them to it. The Petition subscribed▪ by Will. Cant. Wll. Asaph Fr. Ely. Jo. Cacestr. Tho. Bathon, and Wellen. Tho. Peterburgen, Jonath. B●●stol. To which the King's Answer was. I have heard of this before, but did not believe it. The King's Answer. I did not expect this from the Church of England, especially from some of you. If I change my Mind, ye shall hear from Me: If not, I expect my Command will be Obeyed. The King resolves to prosecute them for High Treason, at the King's Bench-Bar, being advised thereto (as was said) by the Chancellor, and so, The Bishops committed to the Tower they are committed Prisoners to the Tower, And that, on the day before the Legendary Birth of the Prince of Wales, that they might not have the opportunity [as it was the place of some of them] to be present, or make inspection into that pious fraud. At Trinity Term, they come to their Trial; Tried at King's Bench And though the King and his Chancellor thought themselves sure enough of all the Judges, yet Master Justice Powel, both Learnedly and Stoutly, defended the Cause of the Bishops, nor did the Jury make any great difficulty in acquitting them; However this bred so much discontent in the Minds of most Men, as in a short time after, And acquitted. broke out with a Witness. And wakened even the great Men, who thought it now high tune, to propose some remedy against the impending Evil. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 As the taking of Agria made a joyful Conclusion of the last years Campaign, Hungary so the taking of the Fortress of Mongatz early this Spring, was as pleasing to the Imperial Court. Mongatz yields. This Fort was held out by the Princess Ragotzi, Count Teckleys Lady, ever since the beginning of the War, And Alba regalis. and was reduced merely by Famine, as was Ag●●● formerly, and for the same reason, Alba regalis surrendered soon after, though held by three Bassa's and five thousand Men, who were all convoyed safe to Beigrade, this happened on the 8th. of May. About this time Count Caraffa lays Siege to Lappa and though the Garrison was strong and made great opposition, And Lippa. yet he took it by Storm, in a few days, putting all to the sword, except a party who made their escape to the Castle, but they were forced to render at discretion, on the 21th. of May. This did so terrify the Garrisons of Illock and Peter-waradin as they set sire to the Towns, The Turks quit ullock and Peter-waradin. and then abandoned them, by which means, the imperialists became Masters of all the Da●u●e, as far as Belgrade. The Duke of Lorraine being then sick, The Elector of Bavaria, Elector of Bavaria b●●●●ges Belgrade. Marched the Army towards Belgrade, and on the 9th of ●●gust came within four L●agues of it, and advancing without any oppsition he invested the Town▪ and sell presently to opening of the Trenches. The Siege was carried on, with all the resolute attacks and sallies usual on such occasions till the 24th when a short Cessation was occasioned by a letter from Osman Bassa of Aleppo, to the Elector, desiring a Passport for two of the Grand Signors chief Officers, sent by him to the Elector, with some proposals for Peace's which was granted. On the 29th, the Elector sent a Captain (with a Greck for his Interpreter) to summon the Governor to surrender, who was so enraged at the Message, as he Imprisoned the first, and Hanged the other; this so incensed the Elector, as he doubled his endeavours Battering the Walls incessantly with his Cannon till the 6th of September, and having made a considerable Breach, gave a general and forious Assault, and the defendants made so obstinate resistance, as they were twice beaten off▪ Belgrade ta●●●● by Storm but a third Assault being made with greater violence than ever▪ the Turk● fled towards the Castle, the Christians pursueing close and slaughtering all, where●n the Bassa brought five Hundred Christian slaves all chained, whom, he placed between the reteiring Turks and the Christians shot, in compassion to whom, the Soldiers stopped, though in the heat of blood, and the Elector Commanded to give quarter; And so the Governor Bassa, and two Bassa's more and five Hundred Men yielded, and were made Prisoners of War. In Bosnia. The Prince of Baden hearing on the 4th of November, Battle of Brod. that four or five Thousand Turks were Encamprd near Brod, he Marches with three Thousand Horse and Dragoones to attack them, but was surprised when he came near, to find them fifteen Thousand under the Conduct of a Bassa, and finding it impossible to get off without Fight he encouraged his men and engaging the Enemy with wonderful courage, Turk's overthrown after a long and obstinate Fight on both sides, he puts them first in disorder and pushing on, put them totally to flight, killing five Thousand, and taking two Hundred Prisoners thrity six Colours, and all their Baggage SECT. 3. Sect. 3 The Doge of Venice, Venice: Marco Antonio Justimano Died this year, on the 28th. of March to whose Office, the Senate thought fit to adyance Morosini, their Captain General. The Doge deed the 28th of Marc● And to that end sends Secretary Luccato to him with the Ducal Cap and a letter from the Sena●e signifying their Election of him for Doge, Morosini 〈…〉 his place. ordering him to continue in the Levant, and Act their as formerly, till they sent him farther Instructions. Morosini had been very successful and fortunate hitherto in all his erterprises against the Turks, and now by this preferment he was got to the top of Fortune's Wheel, and had he died so soon as be got the Ducal Cap, it would have contributed much to the honour of his Memory, for neither during all this Campaign, nor indeed hence forward I cannot find his Actions any way suitable to his former brave and fortunate Exploits. And for the Affairs of Poland this last year, I find them so altogether mean and inconsiderable, as saves me the trouble of inserting them. And so we return to take notice of matters of greater Importance, nearer home there appearing a greater rapture like to happen between the Emperor and the French King about the Succession to the Elector of Cologn, who died the 2d. of June this year, The Candidats being Prince Clement of Bavaria, favoured by the Emperor, and the Cardinal De Fus●omburg, A Congresse of several Princes at Minden. backed by the French King There ensued, at Minden in Westphalia, an interview and a long conference between the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, the Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel, the Princes of the House of Lunemburg, and the Prince of Orange, under pretence of the Affairs of Cologn. But much more about concerting methods how to divert the Storm hanging over Britain, Warlike preparations in Holland. and to confine France to the bounds set to it by former stipulations and Treaties. The consequences of this was, great preparations made in Holland, both by Sea and Land, whereof Mr, Shelton, the King's Ambassador then in Holland, De avaux Memorial to the States. got some glimmering, and informed the King thereof, once and again, but he was so infatuate, as he took no notice of it. Yet the French King did, being quicker sighted, and thereon order his Ambassador De Avaux then in Holland, to give in to the States a Menaceing Memorial▪ bearing, that if they designed or attempted any harm or disturbance to the King of Great Britain, he would take it as a Rupture of the Peace, and resent it accordingly. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 Soon after this King James is informed more certainly of the preparations in Holland and that the design was against him, England and believed it so. And now began to turn Car in pan, declaring in Council on the 2d. of October, that he would restore the Charter of London, and on the 5th. declared that he would dissolve the Commission for Ecclesiastical Causes: King James alarmed And empowers the Bishop of Winchester to resettle all the Affairs of Magdalen College, but hearing of the disaster of the Dutch Fleet at Sea, he recalled that Commission, and hearing afterward of their approach, he renewed it again, so sickle was he, and so at last the said Bishop perfected that business. The Wind continued for three Weeks still at west, and in London, the question every Morning was, have we a Protestant Wind yet, and a Seaman cursed openly, the Dragon on Bow steeple, for turning his Head, where his Tail should be. But about the latter end of October the Wind came Easterly, Prince of Orange lands at Torbay and the Dutch Fleet (consisting of near five hundred Sail, whereof there were fifty one Men of War, and eighteen Fire Ships) came with a fair Gale upon the English Coast, and Landed all safe at Torbay, the 5th. of November. And in a short time, the Prince's Army was increased by the Junction of divers persons of good quality with him: And soon after his Declaration was published. Which was dated at the Hague the 10th of October 1688. His Declaration published The substance whereof was a Relation of the Subversion and Violation of all the Laws of England both in Church and State, all which he imputed to the King's Evil Councillors, which disorders could not possibly be rectified, nor Affairs regulated, but by a lawful and Free Parliament; the calling and sitting whereof, was the main cause of his coming to England. The Declaration being very large, and withal supposing it well known to all intelligent observing persons, I thought the transcribing of it unnecessary. Prince of Orange writes to the Protestant Officers in England. About the same time, The Prince wrote a Letter to all the Protestant Officers in the King's Army, laying before them their Error in joining with a Popish party and their dauger, if they persisted, and earnestly invited them to concur with him for preservation of the Protestant Religion, and freedom and Privileges of the Subjects. This Letter did very much influence most of those to whom it was directed: About the middle of November, the Lord Delamare came to the Prince with a considerable ●arty. Association at Exeter Before the Prince left Exeter, there was an Association drawn and Sworn to by all the Noblemen, and Gentlemen then present, for a close adherence to the Prince of Oran●e and to one another an prosecuting of that work they now engaged in, and for avengeing the Prince's Death, if done, by any barbarous indirect means. The 1st. Bloodshed On the 20th. of November, a Skirmish happened at Win●anton, between eighty Horse and Dragoons, Commanded by Sarsfield, and thirty of the Prince's Horse, Commanded by one Campbel where (notwithstanding the inequality of the Number) the former were defeated, which much daunted King James' Army, and as much encouraged the other party. Association a● Not●ingham On the 22d. of November, The Nobility and Gentry assembled at Nottingham, declaring their just greivances in eight material points, and implying many more, indefinitely, Associate and bind themselves, much to the same purpose as these at Exeter had done. The Nobility about the King labour earnestly to persuade him to call a free Parliament but he continued inexorable; Prince George, Dukes of Graslon and Ormond, and other Nobles go to the Prince On which, the Duke of Graston, the Lord Churchil, and several other Noblemen, lest him, and went over to the Prince then as Sherb●●●, And on the 25th, of November, Prince George, the Duke of Ormond, and Sir George Hewet followed them. Before Prince George went off, he wrote to the King a very pertinent Letter for his Excuse. as did also the Lord Churchil: and Princess Ann, withdrawing privately from London (after the Prince's departure) left a very passionate Letter to the Queen, begging her Majesty's pardon for leaving the City, without her leave, and waiting upon her. The King comes to London The 26. of November, the King returns to London, and Issue's writes for a free Parliament to sit the 15, of January; but this was too late, for by this time the Nation was generally in such a ferment, as nothing he could either do or promise, would appease them. The Prince of Orange understanding that most of the considerable Cities and Towns in England had complied, published (as was said another Declaration at She●burne Castle, the 28. of November. But it appeared soon after (by the Princes disowning it) that this Declaration was contrived by some private person, who had put his name to it, to give it Authority. The main purport of the Declaration was, a strict order to all Magistrates, both in the Cities and Country, to disarm and secure all Papists; and though this was a bold and presumptuous attempt of a private person, yet it happened to have very good effects. Proposals by the King to the Prince The Prince of Orange being at Windsor, the King sends ●a●●●sax, Nottingham, and Godolphine to him, desiring him to make what proposals he thought necessary for sitting of the Parliament, and for their security while they sat. The King leavs London They return the next day with seven Proposals, which were so unsatisfying to the King as that night he left London, and went to, Rochester. Before he went, he wrote to the Lord Feversham, Exhorting him and all the Officers to continue him in their Loyal Principles, but gives him no orders for any Action. On Receipt of which Letter, Feversham disbands his Forces, being about Four thousand, and presently after, acquaints the Prince therewith, by a Letter. Returning the 16 of December On the 16 of December, the King returns to London, being advised and invited thereto, by some Lords. On the 17. at twelve at Night, he receives a Letter from the Prince, advising his removal to Ham, Goes to Rochester but he inclining rather to go to Rochester, moveth that to the Prince who assented, and so on the 18. he goes thither, accompanied with the Earl of Arran and some others. That same day the Prince came to St. James', innumerable Acclamations, The Prince comes to London Bells and Bonfires, signifying how welcome a Guest he was to London. King James and the Queen go to France On the 23 of December, the King Embarked at Dover for France, the Queen Landing there, the 10th. Before he went, he left a Letter written with his own hand, declaring his Reasons for leaving the Kingdom, desiring it might be published, which was done. At St. James', about Sixty Peers Signed an Association, and meeting with the Commons at Westminster, on the 25. of December, they Sign and present an Address to the Prince, desiring him to take upon him the Administration of Affairs both Civil and Military, till the Meeting of a Convention the 22d. of January, which he agreed to. And so we conclude this Year with the Death of one of the most generous and bravest Princes in Europe, An. 1689 Elector of Brandenburg his Death. the Elector of Brandenburg, who died the 10. of May, the Sixty Ninth Year of his Age. CHAP. XIV. Anno 1689 SECT. 1. Sect. 1 The Convention of Parliament meeting the 22d. of January fall presently to their work, The Commons Vote the Throne Vacant. and the first Vote passed in the House of Commons, is as followeth. Resolved, That King James the 2d. having endeavoured to subvert the Constitution of this Kingdom, by breaking the Original Contract between King and People, and by the Advice of Jesuits and other wicked persons, having violated tho Foundamental Laws, and having withdrawn himself out of this Kingdom, hath Abdicated the Government, and that the Throne is thereby Vacant. Debeat about the word, Abdicate This was sent up to the House of Lords, who not liking the word Abdicated, Erazed it and put in the word Deserted; This alteration the Commons would on no terms allow. This occasioned a stiff debate between the Two Houses, for several days, at last on a inutnal conference held on the 5th. of February, the Lords agreed to the Vote, in the first Terms Voted by the Commons. The next thing taken into consideration, WILLIAM and MARY Voted and Declared King and Queen was, the Form of Government to be established, and after Mature deliberation, a Declaration is drawn up, wherein all King James' Enormities and Miscarriages in Government, are fully held forth: for which Reasons (and because of his Abdicating the Government, the Throne is Vacant. And finally, It is resolved and finally declared that WILLIAM and MARY, Prince and Princess of Orange shall be King and Queen of England with the Dominions thereto belonging dureing Their Lives▪ and the Life of the Survivor of them; And after their Deceases the Crown and Royal Dignity, to be succeeded to by the Heirs of the Body of the said Princess; And for default of such ●ssue, by the Princess Ann of Denmark and the Heirs of her Body; And for default of such Issue, to the Heirs of the Body of the said Prince of Orange. And the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons do Pray the said Prince and Princess of Orange, to accept of the same accordingly. And that the Oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons, of whom the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy might be taken in Law, in stead of them. And that the said Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, be abrogated. The Oath of Allegiance I A. B. Do sincerely Promise and Swear, That I will bear Faith and true Allegiance to Their Majesty's, King WILLIAM and Queen MARY. So help Me GOD. Oath of Abjuration I do Swear, That I do from my Heart Abhor, Detest and Abjure as Impious, and Heretical. this Damnable Doctrine and Position, that Princes Excommunicated or deprived by the Pope, or any Authority of the See of Rome, may be deposed or Murdered by their Subjects, or any other whatsoever. And I do declare, that no Foreign Prince, Person, Prelate, State or Potentate, hath or aught to have any Jurisdiction, Power, Superiority Pre-eminence or Authority, Ecclesiastical, or Spiritual within this Realm, Soon after the King and Queen are proclaimed, and so take peaceable possession of the English Crown. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 A Convention of the States of Scotland met, about this time▪ and the Throne is declared Vacant there also, Act of Recognition in Scotland and an Act of Recognition is drawn up, which is so generally known, as I need nor here repeat it: Only the substance of it was, to declare the now King and Queen of England etc. to be King and Queen of Scotland also. And the same Oath of Allegiance as was Sworn in England to be Sworn in Scotland also. William and Mary declared King and Queen of Scotland This Act being past, The Earl of Argyle, Sir John D●lrymple, and Sir Robert Montgomery of Skermurly are sent up Commissioners, and on the 11 of May tendered the Coronation Oath to Their Majesties, who holding up their Right Hands repeated it word by word after the Earl. And immediately the Convention was turned into a Parliament. Castle of Edinburgh surrendered On the 13. of June, the Duke of Gordon Sur, rendered the Castle of Edinburgh. And on the 16 of July, there was an Engagement between Major General Mckay, Dundee killed and the Lord Dundee at Ki●licrankie, where the former was defeated and the latter killed in the Field. After whose Death King James' party dwindeled away. doing nothing considerable thenceforth. For soon after, Leiutenent Colonel Cleland, with the Earl of Augus' single Regiment engaged with near Four thousand of them, at Dunkel, and gave them an entire overthrow, where the Leiutenent Colonel (a very brave Man) was unfortunatly killed. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 Tho matters went backward with King James' party in Scotland. Tirconel was Active in Ireland. Tirconel Active its Ireland leaving a great many Regiments of the Irish, and with all possible Diligence, Arming them, and training them up in Martial Exercise to make them capable of Service, when ever the late King should h●ve use for them. The late King bemoaning his Calamity to the Emperor. Craved his Assistance, Who Answers him with many pertinent and reasonable Excuses, Emperor's Letter to the late King why he could not be serviceable to him at that time, his circumstances being considered, and withal gives him a modest, but sharp Reprimand, for the bad measures he had taken, in putting his whole confidence in France, and rejecting the offers of such Allies, as would have been more friendly and faithful to him. But though the late King had small encouragement from the Emperor, Ireland or any other Prince (except the French King) being informed of Tirconnels diligent endeavours in Ireland, The late King goes to Ireland. thither he goes with about a Thousand eight hundred French Auxiliaries and landed the 12 of March 1689. and found a great number in Arms for him, and almost all the Country at his Devotion, save a f●w in the North, who (for want of Encouragement and Aid from England) were unable to make any considerable debeat, and on the 14 of March were defeated by Lieutenant General Hamilton at Drumore, most of them flying to Londonderry and Inneskillin, where they defended themselves, with great Bravery, till relieved by Colonel Kirks Arrival in the Lough, where he lay seven or eight Weeks before he gave any relief to Londonderry, being hindered (as he alleged) by cross Winds, though a worse cause was suspected and talked off by severals, little to his Commendation. The defending of Londonderry so long, by a mere Rabble of undisciplined Men (a few Gentlemen and Officers exceepted) against a powerful Army of Trained Men well furnished with all Warlike Engines, Siege of Derry. and other Provisions needful for such an undertaking and under the Command of skilful Generals and other Officers both French and Irish, as it was matter of Admiration in this Age, so it will seem altogether incredible by our posterity. However, it was resolutly defended by the good conduct of Colonel Henry Baker, and after his Death by Colonel Mitch●iburn, assisted by Mr. Walker, a Minister, who had the oversight and distribution of the Stores, and who was afterward killed at the Battle of Boyn, closely by the Duke of Shomberg, and who (before his death) wrote a narrative of the Siege of Darry, but there was on● written after by one Mr. John Mcke●zie a Mimster, Six thousand Irish beaten by two thousand I●●skilliners, Major General Maeharty taken Prisoner allowed generally to be more true and impartial that the other. On the 30 of July (the very day before the relief of Dar●y) about two thousand of the Iniskilline●s, encountered Six thousand of the Irish commanded by Major General M●kartie, at a place called Newtounbutler, routed them, killed and drowned near three thousand of them, and took Mekarty prisoner, losing only twenty Men, and about fifty wounded. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 This Summer the King ordered the raising of Eig●teen Regiments of Foot, and Five of Horse, for the Irish Service. Duke of Shomberg Lands in Ireland And on the 13. of August, The D●ke of Shomberg Landed at Carrickfergus with those Men being about Ten thousand Horse and Foot. On the 20. the Duke marched several Regiments towards Carrickfergus, from Belfast, to which place he had marched, next day after his Landing, and presently drawing the Trenches, and raising some Batteries, Takes C●● rick sergu● he played furiously upon the Town, which so terrisied Mackarty-more, the Governor, as on the 26, he parlyed, and agreed to march out with Arms, and some Baggage. Presently after this, The Duke began his March to wards Dundalk, Matches to Dundalk. ordering the Train to be shipped and carried about to the Bay of Carlinso●ra, eight Miles from Dundalk. He Eucamped at Dundalk, the 3. of September, the Irish Army being Twenty thousand, lay at Drogheda. King James offers Battle On the 20th, of September, The Irish Army drew near Dundalk, and on the 21. they drew all out Horse and Foot, advanced the Standart Royal, and approached toward, the Duke's outworks; Whereupon, he ordered all to stand to their Arms, but kept his Camp, and made not advance towards the Enemy, Reteirs who after a bravado for three or four Hours drew off, and reteired towards Ardoe, eight Miles off. A Conspiracy is found out in the Army, one Du●pl●ssey a French Man being the chief, who (with six more) is hanged, and above 200, in the French Regiments, being found Papists were disarmed, and sent under a Guard, to England. Five thousand Irish defeated On the 27. of S●ptember, Colonel Lloyd, with a thousand Ini●kill●ners defeated five thousand Irish marching to Sligo, Killed Seven hundred, took Killie the Commander, and Forty other officers, and eight thousand Cattle, and all with the loss of fourteen Men. But within a short while after, both Sti●o and Jamestoun fell into the hands of the Irish, which loss was inconsiderable to the English being compared with the great Mortality that ensued in the Camp. There died, Sir Edward Deering, Colonel Herry Wharton, Sir Thomas Gower, Captain Hungersoo●a, Mortality in ●he English Army and a great many moe brave Officers, and of the Soldiers, a thousand seven hundred died at Dun●alk, 1970 Sick, were shipped off to Belfast, most of whom died on Shipboard, and in short, near one half of the Army which came from England, Flanders died before February. SECT. 5. Sect. 5 The Confederate Army this Year in Flanders was commanded by ●rince Wa●deck as was the French Army by Mareshal de Humtere, between whom happened no considerable Action this Campaign. French defeated at Forge Only on the 25. of August, the Armies lying near to one another, the Mareshal sent out a party to attack the prince's Foragers near the Village of Forge, hereon ensued a sharp skirmish, which lasted for some Hours, Recruits coming in on both sides to the parties engaged at first, at last the French r●teired in great haste, leaving their Cannon, and near two thousand Killed and Wounded; on the other side were Slain about three hundred, and Leiutennent Colonel Grahame. Keyse●wart taken by Brandenburg In Germany, the Armies were early in the Field; on both sides. In June, Keyserwart in the Duchy of Cleve, is besieged by Brandenburg, and on the 29. it was surrendered on Honourable Conditions, leaving in the Town Fifty eight pieces of Cannon, and Two Mortars. Menta, taken be the Duke of Lorraine In June the Duke of Lorraine with Twenty thousand Men. lays Siege to Men●z, which was carried on with a great deal of Courage, and Slaughter of many Men, on both sides, till the 11. of September, on which day, the French marched out of it with Drums beating, Colours flying, Six pieces of Cannon, and Two Mortars. The modest computation of loss to the Germans, make it above Six thousand amongst whom were Four Princes, and the French lost Five thousand, besides the Wounded, about Six thousand marching out of the Town. That Summer, the French miserably ravaged the Palatinate, and on the 4th, of August Mareshal de Duras laid siege to Hesàelberg, and making one attack only (wherein he lost 400 Men) he retreated toward Philipsburg; and a little while after, he attacked Brushal, and carried it. On the 25th. of July, the Marquis de Bouslers, Cocheim taken by Bousle●, sell in into the Electorate of Tr●ves with Fire and Sword, and marching to Cocheim, he attacked it with great sury, where being stoutly resisted for a while, at last took it by Storm, putting to the Sword, Man, Woman, and Child, but the fury being a little over, Quarters was given to about three hundred. Bonne taken by Brandenburg In July, the Elector of Brandenburg laid siege to Bonne, but several things interveening, retarded his progress till the 27. of September, on which day the Dake of Lorrun came to him, after which, the Town was so hotly plied, as Baron de Hasstield the Governor, fearing taking of the Town by Storm, he Capitulate, and on the 12, of October Surrendered, leaving all his Cannon and Provisions, as also, all Count Mainard of Shombergs Baggage, which the French had basely seized on, a little before. SECT. 6. Sect. 6 The Emperor having employed the Duke of Lorraine, Germany this Year, in service on the Rhine, he give the chief command of the Army in Hungary, to Prince Lewis of Baden, who well deserved it, and as well managed it: The 10th. of June, he arrived at Belgrade. From thence, he sent orders to Picolomini to come and join him with his Forces, On the 27 of August. his foot Army randevouzed near the: Bridge of Gravovez, and the Horse came to him the next day. The Turkish Army about Fifty thousand lying not far from him, sent out some detachments to attack his Foragers, which occasioning some Skirmishes, at last engaged both Armies in a Battle, near Potochin, which was managed with a great many Warlike Stratagems, and martial Exploits, Battle of Potochin on both sides, for a long time, Prince Lewis having the great advantage on his side, of several Politic and Expert Generals, as P●●olomins, Veteram the Duke of Crotolon, Count Palfi, Count Staremberg, etc. by whose excellent conduct though Prince beat the Turks from one Wood and one Retrenchment to another, Turks rooted by the P●●nce or Baden till at last he attacked their main Camp. out of which he drove, and put them to a total Root, taking a hundred and five piece of Cannon, three Mortars, several Bombs, a great quantity of Ammunition and other Provisions, and abundance of Riches. The Prince having advice that the defeated Turk, had rallied again near Nissa, thither he Marches with about seventeen thousand Men, where he arrived on the 23 of September, where he found the Turkish Army entrenched much more regularly than ordinary but without any delay, Battle of Nissa Turks rooted he drew up his Army in Battle array, and attacked them: The Enemy being above twice the Prince's Number, and very strong in Horse. made a stout resistance for several Hours, but towards Night, the Turkish Caval●y fell into disorder, and fell foul of their own infantry, which put them in great confusion, which the Prince observing, laid hold of the opportunity, and making a furious onset, routed them entirely, who fleeing towards the Bridge which they could not find (being now dark) they took the River, thinking to Swim over, but the Stream being rapid, a great many Men and Horse were drowned. In the Camp, the Prince found thirty pieces of Cannon extraordinary big, with abundance of Ammunition, and great store of all necessary Provisions, Of all which, the Prince took nothing for his share, but the Scrasquiers Tent, which was very Rich, and was sent him by the Grand-Visier, his own being lost at the Battle of Potochin. After they had pillaged the Camp they entered Nissa without any opposition, Nissa yielded. wherein they found provision for the Army for Six Weeks, and three thousand Horses and Mules, having lost in this Action, not above three hundred: Whereas it was computed there were Killed and Drowned of the Turks, near Eight thousand. The Prince immediaty fortified Nissa, and made Picolomini Governor of it, and all the adjacent Country; and on the 6. of October set forward with the Army toward Widin a strong place, with a good Castle, lying on the Danube; and being informed that two Bassa's with their Forces were Encamped near Widin, he hastes thither, and arrived in the Plains of Widin on the 14. early; The Enemy was in a consternation at the Prince's sudden Arrival, Turk's des●●●●d at Widin however at first they made brisk opposition, but being furiously assailed by a Victorious Army, they gave back, and re●eired to the City, the Christians pursuing closely, entered with them, pellmed into the City. In which Action they killed near Two thousand, with the loss only of Four hundred Men. The broken Forces fled into the Castle, with a Resolution to defend it, but the Prince presently ordered to open the Trenches, in order to a S●ige, and sent to Semena●●a for his great Cannon, Widin yield. which the besieged understanding, and having no great Stomach to abide their coming, on the 18 of October, marched out with ●rms and Baggage. The Prince having, with great Success and Honour, run sho●ow this Campaign, sends his Army to Winter Quarters, in Transtivania, and Va●achia, and goes himself to Vienna. The Otoman Ambassadors at Vienna, being utterly dissatified with the Proposals made by the Emperor an his Allies, go home in great discontent; and the War goes on. SECT. 7. Sect. 7 The Venetians, Venice had but bad success in the former Campaign, and little better in this for after a along Siege of Napon de Malvesia in the Morea, General Mother t●o worsted by the Turks ●ea. and loss of many brave Men, they were forced to convert it into a Blockade, and then retired to Winter Quarters. And in Dalmatta also, Molino the Providitor General, Narenta meeting with a party of Turkish Horse, near Narenta. he and his Mo●laques, are by them basely baffled, and forced to make a dishourable Retreat, This Year. The 12● of August Died Pope Innocent 11th. An. 1690. Odeschaici by Name, called the Protestant Popr, And was succeeded by Peter Otobom, a Vene●●an, of Eighty Years Old. CHAP. XV. Anno 1690. SECT. 8. Sect. 8 Coming now to the Year 1690. England We begin with the Affairs of Britain. The first thing the Parliament did, Act against a Popish K. or Q. was making of an Act, that if any King or Queen of England should Embrace the Roman Catholic▪ Religion, or Marry with a Roman Catholic, the Subjects should be absolved from their Oath of ●●llegiance. Next, They annulled the pretended Parliament in Irelan; And ordained, that all who should take up Arms against the King, after the 24th of P●bru●●, Parliament dissolved, and a new Parliament called should be guilty of High Treason. And on the 6th, of February, they were dissolved, and a new Parliament ordered to meet on the 30th, of March, who meeting accordingly, The King declared to them his design of going for Ireland, and desired them to concert and settle all Affairs relating thereto, with that expedition as a matter of that importance required, and told them farther, that he intended to leave the Government in the Queen's hands, during his absence. On this Speech the Parliament went roundly to Work; The first Act passed, was one of oblivion, as the King had desired: The next was of putting the Government in the hands of the Queen, during the King's Absence in Ireland, or any where else; The King lands in Ireland June●a. And dispatched all other Affairs with that celerity, as the King (having prorogued them to the 17. of June) hastened to Ireland, where he arrived safe on the 14th, of that Month, at Belfast. SECT. 9 The Rebels in Scotland, under the Command of Colonel Cannon, Scotland kept together in the Hills and places unaccessible, from whence they made frequent inroad on the Low lands, whom King James reinforced, by sending from Dubline; Colonel Buchan, Colonel Wachop, and near Forty Commission Officers more, together with , Arms and Ammunition for the supply of Cannon's party; which so encouraged t●em (being about a thousand five hundred strong) as they marthed in to Strathspay in the County of Murray. Sir Thomas Livingstoun being informed of this, Cannon and Buchaen rooted by Sir Thomas Livingston marches speedily towards them, with Eight hundred Foot, Six Troops of Dragoons, and Two of Horse, and falling in to their Camp at Crumdel early in the Morning the 1st. of May, he put them immediately in confusion and dissorder, and in short, they betook them to Flight leaving four or five hundred slain on the spot an hundred were t●ken Prisoners of whom were Four Captains, and Five or Six subaltern Officers, and had it not been for a thick Mist that fell on, few of them had escaped, And in Mull, Major F●r●●son destroyed several places they held, and forced them to desert the Castle of Dewart. Presbyterian Ministers restored The Parliament sitting in Scotland, the first Act they passed, was for restoring the Presbyterian Ministers, thrust from their Churches, since the first of January 1661. And the next Act they made, was declaring all those to be Rebels, who were actually in Armos against the King and Queen. This Summer, a dangerous Conspiracy in England, is detected and defeated. The English Fleet worsted by the French The French Fleet entered the Channel in June, and the King he●ring, that they veered sometime on the English Coast, sent orders to the Admiral Torrington, to Fight them, which accordinly he did on the 30 of June, but with so bad success, as occasioned dishonour to him, and discontent to the Loyal Subjects, which was alleviated soon after, by good News of the King's Victory at the Boyne the 1st. of July. SECT. 10. Sect. 10 To return to Ireland. Colonel Woolsl●y having taken Belturbet from the Irish, was informed that a strong party was come the length of Cavan, Ireland with a design to re●ake Be●turbet, Colonel Woolsley beats the Irish at Cavan where he than lay. Whereupon he marched with Seven hundred Foot, and Three hundred Horse and Dragoons towards Cavan where the Enemy lay, being but eight Miles off: when he came, he found about Four thousand Men drawn up in good order; though the odds was great, yet he resolved to attack them, and encouraging his Men, he fell on them with a great deal of courage, and after a hot dispute, beat them all in to the Town of Cavan and pursued them so closely, as the Irish Horse fled quite beyond the Town, and the Foot reteired into the Fort, in this Action the Irish lost many; And Woolsleys Men, having plundered the Town, and set it on Fire, he marched off, and shortly after, he took the Castle of Killishandia, with which good Services, the General was mightily pleased. About this time, Sir John Lanter, with a party of a Thousand Foot, Horse, and Dragoons took Bedlow Castle ●ear Dundalk, with the Ensign commanding it, and a Thousand five hundred Cows. On the 18 of April being Goodfryday, Sir Clovesly Shovel, sailing from Belfast, A Friggate of King James' taken by Sir Clovesly shovel came up to the Bay of Dubline, and hearing of a Friggate, (belonging to King James) that lay at Pol●beg, he went in with two or three Ketches and long Boats, towards her, which Bennet Captain of the Friggate perceiving, he run her a ground, and Fireship coming up, he and his Men (except eight slain) took the long Boat and quitted here, and so Sir Clov●sl● carried her off with him. King James was on the Shoar, and beheld all this, and returned much vexed at the adventure. The General sent several Regiments, in April, to blockade Cha●lemount Castle, which was a very strong Garrison, and senta Summons to Old Teague Or'egan the Governor to deliver it up, who bid the Messenger tell his Master, from Old Teague O'regan, that he was an old Knave, And, by St, P●●●ck, he should not have the Town at all. The Duke smiled, and said, he would give Teague greater reason to be angry, Charlemount Castle yielded. in a short time, as it fell out, for Teague's Victuals sailing, so did his Courage, and on the 12. of May, sent Two Officers to capitulate, and Terms being agreed on the next day they marched out and went to Armag●, on their way to Dubline: The Duke coming to take a view of them, on their March, Old Teague was on the head of them, Description of Teague Oregan mounted on an Old stoned Horse, Lame with Scratches, Spavin, Ringbones etc. And so vicious withal, he fell a squeeling and kicking, if any came near him; Te●gue himself, had a bunch on his Back, a pla●n Red-coat, an old weather beaten Wig▪ hangging down at full length, a little narrow white Beaver, cocked up, a yellow Cravat-shing, but all of o●●e side, his Boots with a thousand Wrinkles, and, though it was a very hot day, he had a great Must hanging before him, and to Crown all, was Tipsy with Brandy. Thus mounted and eq●ipt, he drew near the Duke with a Compliment, but his Horse would not allow it to be long, falling presently soul on the Duke, who had not time to return the Compliment, only smiled, and said afterwards, Teagues Horse was very Mad, and himself very Drunk. Well on they go towards Armagh. And on the way a Dragoon (being on of the Guard) falls in discourse with a Priest about Religion, A Merry S●●●y and what Topick did they six on, think ye but Transubstantiation, the Draggoon being a Merry Witty Fellow, drolled on the Priest, and put him so to it, as he flew in a passion, and struck at the Dragoon, who not being used tamely to be beaten, falls on the Priest, and threshes his Fatherhood sound. Complaint being made of this at Armagh, to Tea●ue, as he sat at Dinner with the English Officers, all he said was, That he was very glad on't; what the Deel said he) had the Priest to do, to Dispute of Religion with a Dragoon. These late padages seemed to me so Comical and pleasing, as I thought it worth my pains to transcribe them verbatim, for the Readers diversion. SECT. 11. Sect. 11 We told you before of the King's Arrival in Ireland on the 14, of June, And without any delay, he ordered all the Forces to March, and on the 22. he took a view of them at Loughbricklen, and on the 27, they marched to Dundalk, where the Forces of the several Nations being joined, made up an Army of Thirty six thousand serviceable Men. The King advanced with the Army by e●sy Marches; And on the last of June he Encamped on the northside of the Boyne, two Miles Westward from Drogheda, King Jamer's Army being Encamped on the southside of the River, in direct opposition, The King Wounded slightly That Evening, the King riding along the River side, observing the Enemy's posture, was struck by the rebound of a small Cannon Bullet, on the point of his Right Shoulder, which tore his Coat, Wast coat, and Shirt, and made some Impression on the Skin and Flesh, whereof he took little notice, but kept on his pace, saying only, there was no necessity the Bullet should have come nearer, That Night he called a Council of War, wherein he declared he was resolved to attack the Enemy the next Morning, which the Duke of Shomberg dissuaded, but finding the King positive, it was concluded, and orders was given to all Men to be at their Posts, and in readiness, on a Minute's warning, each Man to have a Green sprig in his Hat, the Enemy's Sign being White-paper. That Night the King Rod at 12 a Clock quite thorough the Army, with Torchlight. Battle of Boyne And on the next day being the 1st. of July) followed that Memorable and happy Battle whereof (to my great satisfaction) I was an Eye-witness, and had better opportunity than any other, to take notice of all the various passages that happened that day, being tied to no post, but left at my own Liberty, to Gallop to and again, and to make particular observation of all occurrences, my Employment and Duty at that time, strictly obliging me thereto. The circumstances of that Engagement were so various and numerous, as a particular rehearsal, would not only require a great dale of time of Writing▪ but make my Compend swell above its proper bulk, so as must refer the Reader, either to such Narratives as he has formerly seen, or to my Author (when he comes abroad) whose Information in that matter, I own to be very good, for he gives a very full and true account of that days proceed; and I can find nothing material wherein his Intelligence has failed, except in that point relating to Leiutenent General Hamilton, where he says, the King asked him (being then Prisoner) if the Irish would Fight any more; who Answered, Yes an't please Your Majesty, upon my Honour I believe they will, etc. Now to my certain knowledge, there was no such Dialogue, for when Major Cham Butler (Brother to the Duke of Ormond) and I brought him to the King on his return from beating the left wing of the Enemy's Horse, all the King said to him was, Sir, I am sorry to see you there; to which Hamilton made no Reply at all, nor did he bow, or pay the King the least Reverence, but standing like a statue, with an assured Countenance, looked him earnestly in the Face, and when the King was turning away from us, I asked His Majesty what we should do with the Leiutenent General; carry him up, said he to my Horse-guards, and order the commanding Officer to take care of him; which we did accordingly: and for Wounds in his Head, he had none but a little scratch on his Nose, which he told me he got, when his Horse (being killed● fell under him, The Irish Army defeated This brief account I will only give, when the Enemy were beaten from all their Posts on the River, they made a Retreat of four or five Miles, and indeed in better order than was expected, for their Horse Marched on the Rear, and still when our advanced parties came near them, they made an halt, faced about, and with two or three small Guns they had carried off, Fired, and put our Men to a stand, till their Foot were got a pretty way off, and then their Horse followed, And I well remember, that Leiutenent General Dougass was passionately concerned, that the King would not suffer him to attack them with the Iris●killiners, who were so furious, as they would have fallen on them with their Swords, or with Stones, rather than fail, but the King pursued them slowly, contenting himself with driving them quite out of the Field, and scising their Camp and all their Baggage, and having followed them till Ten at Night, he returned to Dewl●●k, and Encamped there. Of the Enemy were killed, a Thousand five hundred, besides, we know not how many were killed among Corn, and in Houses, Gardens, and Backsid●s, about Dewl●●k, of whom no certain account could be gotten: And of Officers, the Lords Dungan and Carlin●sord, Sir Neal O'●eal, and many Inferiors. On our side were killed about Four hundred, which had not been so much noticed, had not the renowned Duke of Shomberg been of the Number, Duke of Shomberg killed who was unfortunatly killed on the very brink of the River presently after he had led the first Batallions through the Ford. He was a Man of incomparable parts, and died here the 81 Year of his Age, Monsieur Callim●t, Colonel of a French Regiment, was killed also, and was much bemoaned, being a Religious good Man, and an Experienced Old Soldier. The King managed all Affairs that day, to admiration, which, the very Enemy took so much notice of, as they declared, If the English would change Kings with them, they would Fight the Battle overgain; But Old England begged their Excuse, King James fled that night to Dubline: King James fled to Dubline thence to Waterford, and then to France The Lady I●●connel asked what his Majesty would have to Supper; said he, I have got such a Breakfast, as I have no great Stomach for Supper: And next Morning, he took Post for Waterfoord, and within two days, he went Aboard, and so set Sail for France, once again. Drogheda yields Next day after the Battle, the King rested, allowing his Men some time to refresh themselves, but withal sent Colonel Melonier with some Regiments to attack Drogheda, which Surrendered on Articles, to march out with their Baggage, without Arms. The King marches to Dubline The 3d. day after the Battle, The King marched within two Miles of Dubline, from thence he sent Leiutenent General Douglass with three Regiments of Horse, two of Dragoons, and ten of Foot towards Athlone Fifty Miles Northwest of Dubline, where he arrived the 17 of July, and presently Summoned the Town, but Old Colonel Grace the Governor, fired a Pistol towards Douglass, Leiutenent General Douglass to Athlone saying, these were the Terms he was to. Douglass made some attempts on the Castle (which was very strong, both by nature and Art) but in vain, for his Cannon were too small for such service, and having advice, that Sarsfeild was on his March towards him with Fifteen thousand Men, On the 25th. he marched off, having lost about Thirty Men at the Town, besides Three hundred lost by other Dis●sters. The King on the 11 of July marched the Army to K●●kulien Bridge, Germany and so onward by easy marches to Carrick, Waterfood and Duncanon Fort yield, where he arrived the 21 from thence he sent Major General Kirk with a party to Waterfoord, which on the 25, the Irish Surrendered marching out with Arms and Haggage: And a few days after, the strong and regular Fort of Duncannon, well furnished with Guns, surrendered also. The King goes to Dubline and returns On the 27, the King went towards Dubline, in order for England, but coming there he had account from England, that Affairs were not so bad as he heard and feared, he returned to the Camp (then at Golden Bridge) On the 22d. of August. And on the 27, he marched to Carrickae-Gl●●sh, Douglass returns and joins the King where Douglas and his party joined him the day following SECT. 12. Sect. 12 From thence, the King Marches towards Lamrick. And on the 9th, the Army made their approach to the City in excellent order; Siege of Lamrick And though the Irish had considerable parties of Horse, Dragons, and Foot posted advantageously in enclosed Grounds and behind hedges, for near two Miles from the Walls of the Town, the English went resolutely on, beating and driving the Enemy from hedge to hedge, to their very Wal●s, losing but 11 or 12 Men in that difficult and hazardous enterprise, and before five at Night, the Army was posted, and the Siege formally laid. That Night the King sent a Summons to the Governor to yield, which he utterly rejected, and so they went to Work. It's Reported, that a French Man, and a Gunner deserted the Army the day before, and getting into Limrick, gave a particular account of the Artillery, which was coming from Dubline; Whereon, Sarsfie●ld with a body of Horse passed the River in the Night time, Sarsfeid takes the Artillery at Cullin far above Limrick, and marching about, through the Hills, on the 12. of August, fell in upon the Train by day break, at Cu●len, killed about sixty of the Guard, and of the Waggoners; The Troopers picked up as much of the best of the Baggage, as they could carry away with them, and then drew together the Carriages, Wagons, Tin-boats, Ammunition and all the provisions, into a heap about the Cannon, and filling them full of Powder, and putting their Muzles under the Ground, laid a short Train, and at their marching off, fired it, which blew up the whole heap with a hideous noise, The Night before, Sir John Lanter was ordered out to Cullen (being within 9 Miles) with Six hundred Horse to bring the Artillery safe into the Camp, but he came too late, by an hour, in which time Sar●fi●●ld was got out of his reach. This unhappy adventure was very unpleasing to the whole Army; however the Siege went on, and the Trenches were opened on the 17, Batteries are presently raised, and it happening that at the blowing up of the Train at Cullin, Two of our Cannon, Twenty four Pounders, escaped splitting, these were brought up and mounted, which did special good service, dureing the Siege. My Author says, That it would be an endless task to trace, particularly all the attacks and defences made at this Siege; And I say so too being present at it; so passing by circumstances of the proceed. I shall (as he does) give you an account of the most material Action, and of the Conclusion of this unsuccessful enterprise. After a breach had been made, over the black Battery, Limrick attacked nigh St. John's Gate of about twelve Yards in length; On Wednesday the 27th. of August, the King ordered the Counterscarp to be attacked, and the signal being given, half an hour after three afternoon, the Granadeer went boldly on, and (in a Trice) beat the Irish quite from the Co●nterscrap, they flying to the breach, the Granadeers pursued and lodged themselves upon the breach, whereon, many of the Irish forefook both the breach and the Walls, and fled in to the Town, and had not the Regiments that were to second the Granadeer, The Asseliants beaten off stopped, by some unhappy mistake, they might undoubtedly have carried the Town, at that first Assault, but the Irish observing that the attack was not pursued and push● on with that vigour as they expected and feared, returned to the Breach, and so peppered the English with incessant firing, as after three hours' resistance, they were forced to retreat. The Brandenhurgers (at this time) had got upon the Black battery, closely by the Breach, where a great deal of the Enemy's Powder lay, which (unhappily) taking sire blew a great many of them into the Air, and falling down again on the hedge-stakes which were fixed round the Battery, there they hung like Scarecrows. At this Attack, there were killed five hundred and above a Thousand Wounded, and the Army was so grieved at this unexpected repulse, and the King himself so much concerned, as he resolved to raise the Siege. The King goes for England And so the very next day he went to Dun●annon [accompanied with the Prince of Denmark and several other Lords] and on the 5th. of September took ship, and arrived at Kings-road near Bristol the day following, and on the 9th, he went to Windsor. Before he left Limrick, he appointed the Lord Sidney and Thomas Connin●by Esquire, Lord Sidney, and Thomas Coninsby Esqueir Lord Justices Lords Justices of Ireland, and Count Solms General of the Army; who going to England soon after, left the Command to the brave General Ginkle. Within three days after the King's departure General Solms breaks up the Siege, and dispersed the Army into Winter Quarters. The Siege broke up On the 21 of Septermber, The Earl of Marelborough, with some Forces, arrived in Cork ●arbour, and being joined by the Duke of Wirtemberg, Major General Scravenmore, Major General Tetteau and Four thousand of their Forces, on the 26, He presently form the Siege, Cork yielded which continued not long, for they plied the Town so warmly, as Colonel Mckillicut the Governor came to a Parley, and surrendered, the Garrison consisting of Four thousand were made Prisoners of War, Kinsale yielded and all the Ammunition and Arms in the Town, delivered up to the Victors. And before the fifteenth of October, Kinsale and both the Forts were surrendered to Marlburrough. Leaving Ireland We step over now to inspect how Affairs go between the Confederates and the French King. The Duke of Savoy having continued neutral hitherto, The French King presses him to declare; And in the mean time (for security of his Neutrality) requires the Citadels of Verceil and Turin to be put into his hands; which motion being declined by Savoy, and France becoming more and more suspicious of him, Monsieur Catinat is commanded to march the French Troops as far as Turin, which he did, yet forbearing, for a time, all Acts of Hostility: Duke of Savoy joins with the Confederates The Duke of Savoy having spun out the time as long as he could, by some unsatisfying Overtures to the French King at last openly declares himself, and allying himself first with the Empeperour and the King of Spain, soon after he Embarks with all the Confederates. The first Article of his Treaty with the Emperor was this, He engages not to enter into any Treaty of Alliance with the most Christian King without consent of the Emperor show he kept this Article, the World knows) and the next Article was, he engages himself to act jointly with the Emperor and the rest of the Confederate Princes against France and her Adherents. The Articles betwixt the Emperor, the King of Spain, and the Duke of Savoy, are written at length, by my Author, The Sum of all being a full and firm mutual Confederacy, against France, Defensive and Offensive, together with some particular Articles and Conditions between Spain and Savoy. SECT. 13. Sect. 13 The Prince Waldeck lying with the Dutch Forces at Pieton in Flanders (having intelligence that the Duke of Luxemburg drew near the Sambre, Flanders intending to cross the River between Namure and Charleroy, in order to waste the Spanish Countries) Decamped from Pieton the 3d. of June, and marched toward Fleur●; Prince Weldick marches to Flreus' (or Flerus) lying near the Sambre. Prince Waldeck ordered off the Count of Berle with a thousand five hundred Horse to observe the Enemy's motion, and after him the Count of Flodorp with four or five Regiments of Horse, The French beat his advanced Troops and after him, the Count of Webennum with another detachment. The French attack Berlo, who was killed on the spot, and his party forced to retire to Flodorp, who being oppressed with numbers, was driven back to Webennum, where rallying, they put a stop to the Enemy; And so they all retreated to the Body of the Army, which was by this time drawn up in Battle Array. The State's Army consisted of about Twenty five thousand, whom the Prince drew up in two Lines. But the French were above Forty thousand, so as Luxemburg form his Army in 3 Lines, which was great odds: The Armies advancing and engaging, ●●ux ●●be●g attacked first, the left wing of the Prince's Army, Battle o● Florui observing them to be the weakest; who received them with great Courage driving back the French Horse who assaulted them, on their Infantry; But fresh Batallions of French coming up, the Dutch (quite tired with the Brunts they had already sustained) were forced to give ground. The Princes Right wing engageing with the Enemy, routed them several times, and General Dupuy had ga●●●d ten of their Cannon, but the French being still relieved with fresh Batallions, the Dutch Cavalry were so dispersed and broke as they could never be rallyed again, which has brought on them the bad Character of being the worst Horse in the Confederates Army, but the Infantry stood stoutly to it, chough abandoned by their Horse, suffering the French Squadrons to come up within Pistol shot, and then let fly, with such a sleddy aim, that the whole Squadron seemed to sink altogether into the Ground; And this they did so often as at last they laughed at their Enemies, crying out, Let them come on, we wi●● give them their Belly full on't. And the French were so dashed with the Execution done upon them, Waldeck retreats as they durst no more attack them, but suffered them to retreat in good order, without pursueing them. Luxemburg said, It was fit for Prince Waldeck to remember the French Horse, and for himself never to forget the Dutch Infantry. The Battle was Bloody on both sides, The Dutch owning they lost four thousand six hundred upon the place, Loss on ●●●n sides computed a great many Wounded, and near Three thousand Prisoners taken, besides a part of their Cannon: amongst the slain, were the Prince of Sax●n Masque●g, the Count of S●rum, the Count de ●erlo, one of the young Counts of Nassaw, the Baron de Heide, and several Colonels, Captains, and Inferior Officers. The French loss was computed to be twelve thousand killed, Wounded and taken Prisoners, though themselves would never own near that Number. The Dutch Recruited their Army with a great dale of Celerity, Count ●●lly General of the Forces of Liege, joined them on the 22d. of July with Ten thousand Men; And soon after the Elector of Brandenburg joined them with his Forces, which made up the Army to Fifty five thousand strong. Luxemburg Recruited his Army also, very speedily, yet there was no more Action this Campaign, in F●anders: And so we will take notice how things went in Germany. SECT. 14. Sect. 14 The Emperor moves the Electoral College, to make his Son Arch Duke Joseph, Germany. and King of Hungary, King of the Romans, which (with Vnantmous Consent) was agreed to. Duke of Lorraine dies, and the Dauphiness. On the 18th. of April, the Brave and Famous Duke of Lorraine died suddenly of a Quinsy near Lintz. And within two days after died the Dauphiness of France. The Duke of Lorraine being dead, the Emperor gives the Command of the Army to the Elector of Bavaria to whom, the Duke of Saxony joins his Forces, heading them himself and his two S●ns. Soon after, the Imperial Army Marched towards Mentz. The Dauphin (who Commanded the French Army on the Rhine) Marches with forty Thousand Mon to the plain of Strotbission on the Rhine, where he Eneamped on the 16th. of August designing to open a passage into Wirtemberg, which project the Duke of Bavaria intended to prevent, and joining the Saxons, the two Electors March strait towards the Enemy, and endeavoured to e●●●●● him to Fight, but he could not be moved (〈…〉 their endeavours) to hazard a Battle) And so the time was trifled away betwixt them without any memorable Action, that season. 2. In the beginning of this year happened a dangerous Insurrection in Catalonia, Insurrection in Catalonia, under pretence that they were affrayed of being Invaded in their Privileges, and complaining of the intolerable Impositions lying upon them, h●lding Correspondence, in the mean time, with the French, who promised them assistance. About two Thousand of them getting into a Body, seized on three or four Troops near Barcelona, and Committed several outrages in the Country about, but the Duke de villa Harmoza the Vice roy sent out some Forces, which defeated them, and chased them to the Mountains; from thence, they sent to the Duke and begged his pardon, which was granted, so as all seemed to be pretty quiet again; but soon after this, they broke out again, with greater force than before, and though the Duke de Noailles made all the hast he could to join them, yet before he came, the Vice roy had so threshed and dissipated them, as they were not able to make any Body, to join the French who had no other benefit by this revolt, then that they were got earlier to the field then the Spainard, which gave them the opportunity of taking some Castles and small Forts. But by the Month of August the Viceroy having got together ten or twelve Thousand Men, Marched towards them, and used all means to draw them to a Battle, which they declined, retireing safe by the way of Rousillon; King of Spain Married. and so ended this Campaign without any farther Action, The Court of Spain being more taken up with the Jollities of the King's Marriage with the Princess of Newburg, then with the cares and fatigues of a Campaign. Piedmont. 3. The Duke of Savoy having now actually engaged with the Confederates, joins his Troops with the Milanese Forces, and so makes up an Army near as strong as Monsieur Catinats; and on the 17th. of June. he Encamped at Calalarga, near to Catinat, the Po being betwixt them. French beaten at Carignon. On the 16th. of July both Armies Decamped, and moved towards Carignan the Duke taking the start of the Enemy, sent a strong Detachment before, which possessed themselves of Ca●ignan; and in a few hours after came the French indeavoureing to regain that Important place, but were repulsed and beaten off with the loss of Monsieur de Savon, and many of their Men, At Lucren But the French received a greater blow in the Vailies of Peidmont; for they having three Thousand Foot and six Squadrons of Horse and Dragoons, Commanded by Monsieur de F●uquteres; at Lucern, Monsi●ur de Loches (having with him three Thousand of the P●edmout Militia, and a considerable party of Vaudois, and French Exiles] Attacked them, and beat them out of Lucern, and pursued them to Briqueras, putting their Infantry into the Town and Castle, and their Horse and Dragoons to cover them. And at Briqueras. But the Vaudois Attacked them so briskly, as they first routed the Horse and Dragoons, and in a short time drove the French both out of the Town and Castle, and pursued them as far as Mission, loseing [all the while] but forty eight Soldiers and nine Officers: But the French lost twelve Hundred, with several great Officers, besides many wounded, Duke of Savoy beaten at Salusses. who were carried in seventeen Wagons to Pignerol. But soon after this, Catinat paid them off sound at Salusses, where on the 18th, of August, the Duke and he Joined Battle, and after an obstivat Fight for some hours, the Duke's Army betook themselves downright to flight, many of them being drowned in the Po the Duke himself reteired with a part of his Tronps to Carignan, having lost [as the French say] four Thousand Men, eleven great Guns, and all his Baggage the French loseing only one Hundred and fifty, and four Hundred wounded. The Duke [having put four Thousand Men into Cartgnan, and secured Carm●gnola] reteired to Moncla●r, to Recruit his Army, and to wait for the Germane Troops▪ Who coming up to him [together with some Milanese Troops [he found himself near twenty Thousand strong, with which force, he Decamped from Monclair, the 16th. of September, and advanced towards Catinat, who stood his ground. Monsieur Saint Ruth, in the mean time reduced all Savoy, and brought them under the French Kings obedience, for which good service, he is made Governor of it, with an Annual Pension of four Thousand Lavers. Suza yielded to ●rtinat. Suza is a strong City, being so situate, as every King of France who intended a● Invasion of Italy coveted the Possession of it, for it opened a passage out the Dauphinate into Piedmont. This City, Catinat Beseiges, and Count de Land the Governor, having in it only seven Hundred Men, without any resistance Surrenders it, on Terms, to March to Tu●●n with Arms and Baggage. We gave you formerly an Account of the Duke of Savoys Alliance with the Emperor and Spain, Tho the Count de Latour, his Envoy, had [in the main] concerted All affairs between the King of England and the States of Holland, and the Duke of Savoy, at the Hague, yet the Duke thought fit [on his late ill Success] to send him to England, to Congratulate his Majesty's Glorious Accession to the Crown, and to insinuat a more strict Alliance, and a greater confidence in, and dependence on his Majesty's favour. And here we shall leave the Duke's Affairs, and Inspect into those of Hungary, in this year; where we shall find quite another face of things than we left them in, last year? SECT. 15. Sect. 15 Early this year, ten Thousand Tartars fell into Albania, Destroyeing all with fire and Sword, Hungaryt the Duke of Ho●stein who Commanded there, finding himself unable to cope with so great a force, The Duke of Holstein defeated. kept himself [with all possible care] from Engadgeing, but the Ta●ars [being strengthened by the Turk] pursued, and at last surprised him, and forced him to Engage, and [tho he made a vigorous resistance] they over powering him with numbers, at last defeated him totally, killing no less than five Thousand Germans. The Tartars, flushed with this success, The Tartars over run Albania. sixteen Thousand of them entered into Warachia and over run all the Country with their accustomed Crueltys General Heuster finding himself too weak to deal with them, was forced to reteire into Transilvanta. Canissa yielded to the Emperor. To comfort the Imperialists a little after these losses; The strong Garrison of Canissa in the lower Hungary, being blocked up for almost two years, was surrendered to them. The Prince of Baden, showed very much aversion to the service this Campaign, so as it was the first of August before he came to the Army, and when he came, the first news he met with, was that the Grand-Visier had laid Siege to Nissa, with thirty Thousand Foot and ten Thousand Horse; that the Serasquier had laid Siege to Widin, with ten Thousand Men: And Count Teckeley with near sixteen Thousand was entered Transilvanta, given him by the Grand Signior, now that Prince Abast●● was dead: The Prince in all these straits, Count Teckeley defeats General Heuster, and takes him, prisoner. called and consulted a Council of War, wherein it was concluded that Nissa and Widin. should be laid a side and Transilvanta relieved; but before he could get thither, Teckeley had possessed himself of almost the whole Country and surrounding Heuster and four Thousand Germans, (being all the Forces he then had] he killed the one half and took the rest Prisoners, not above three hundred of them who escaped death or servitude, Heusler himself being taken, and Teckeley, as a mark of his Victory, sent the Grand-Segnior, a great many Colours and Kettledrums. Nissa yielded to the Turks. Now we return to Nissa, which was kept by Count Guid● of Staremberg, and twenty five Hundred Soldiers, with abundance of resolute resistance for a long time, but he hearing of the defeat of Heusler, and of the Prince of Badens March to preserve Transilvania, and seeing no hopes of any relief, and with all, his provisions growing very searce, on the 8th. of September he Capitulated, and upon very Honourable Conditions, Surrendered: And after many Hardships and Hazards, [by the Enemy's Breach of promise] he came to Belgrade, the 22d. Widin yielded to the Turks The Garrison of Widin, hearing of the loss of Nissa, Surrendered also, the 29th. of September. The Grand Visier, soon after took Semendria by Storm, and put all to the Sword being nine Hundred, except the Lievetenent, who commanded, and a few other Officers; and on the first of October laid Siege to Belgrade, defended by Count Aspremout, and and six Thousand old Germane Soldiers, Belgrade besieged. who behaved themselves Valiantly, and would have, doubtless, made a long debate, but for an unhapy accident, for a Bomb from the Turks Camp, lighting upon a Tower where the Magazine lay, set it on sire, which blowing up, killed above twelve Hundred of the Besieged; and wounded a great many, threw down the Walls in several places, and almost ruined all the Houses, but which was worse, the sire took in other Magazines of Powder, so as the whole Town was all in one blaze, which caused such a consusion and desolation, as cannot be imagined, nothing to be seen but the sad spectacle of dead or dying Men; The Turks took hold of the Occasion, made a furious Assault, and though they were repulsed several times, yet, Belgrade taken by Storm. over powering the Besieged by numbers they entered and took the Town, where six Thousand Gallant Men perished, The Duke of Croy, the Counts of Asperment and Archinto, and some Officers with about six Hundred Men saved themselves and got over the Danube in Saiks, yet one of them being over loaded, sunk; and thus was the Famous City of Belgrade lost on the 18th day of October 1690. Esseck besieged. From Belgrade, the Grand Visier sent Mustipha, Bassa of Bosina to Beseige Esseck, who sat dow● before it on the 30th of September, the Duke of Croy and Count Sta●emberg having got into it a little before, who perceiving the Bassa's confidence or ignorance, proceeding against the common Rules of Military Policy, on the 3d of Novem●er made a Sally with three Hundred Foot and a● Thousand Horse, Attacked the Enemy, killed three Hundred and took five Colours, which he sent ●o the Emperor, yet the Turks continued the Siege, till the Duke of Croy out witted them by a stratagem, The Siege broke up. causing a great noise of Trumpets and Kettledrums to be made in the night, a little distance from the town which the Turks apprehended to be a Body of Men come to relieve the Town and so they fled that same night in great terror and confusion, leaving their Cannon and Baggage behind them, Prince of Baden beats Teckeley out of Transilva●ta, To make the Turks some ammends for this disaster, they took Lippa in upper Hungary, and reinforced the Garrisons of great Waradin and Tames-Ware with Men and Provisions, which had been Blocked up by the Imperialists, for a long time before. We left the Prince of Baden on his March to Transilvanta, wherein he made so great expedition, and ●ith so much secrecy; as he was up closely with Teckely, e'er he was ware, who finding himself too weak to engage with the Prince, retreated to Moldavia, but in so great haste as he left a part of his Baggage behind him, and had near three hundred of his Rear Guard cut off. So as in a Trice, the Prince cleared all Transilvanta; And leaving a good Body to secure the Province, under the Command of Veterani, on the 1st. of November, he separated his Army, and went himself to Vienna, where he received abundance of Honour, for that and other his good Services. Foland This Year the Turks and Tartars attempted hard to disunite the King of Poland from the Confederacy, The King makes an inroad into Moldavia ●ut without success; And in the mean time, their Forces committed a Thousand disorders on the Fronters of Poland. The Polls being nettled at this, drew a Body hastily together, pursued and overtook the Enemy, and charged them so vigorously that they were forced to repass the Bor●●●henes, when being got over and rallying again, and observing the Polls marching in disorder, and carelessly they suddenly repass the River, attack them, and cut off Seventeen Companies of them, and making a second inroad in the Country, did a great deal of more mischief than at the former, this roused up the Polish Courage, once more, so as raising an Army of Five thousand Horse, Two thousand four hundred Dragoons, and Twelve thousand Foot, the first o● September they passed the Neister with their Artillery, and march in to Moldavia, where the King taking Sockow, the chief City of that Province, he furnished it with a Garrison of Eight hundred Men, And returns home under the Command of General Halstar, and all needful Provisions, and so returned home. The Sieur Cornar●, Venice being made Captain General of the Venetian Forces, Napoli ai Malvesia surrendered to the Vnettanse in the place of Morosini, now Doge, he is ordered by the Republic to attack Napoli di Malvesia which they had blocked up of a long time before, thither he goes and pursues the matter with that industrious Application, that though the besieged made a resolute defence for a while, he forced them to Surrender, on the 12, of August, and with it, the enteir conquest of the Morea to the Republic, In it he found Seventy three piece of Cannon, and a Hundred and thirty Christian Slaves, now happily released. Vallona taken by the Venetians The Season being fair, The Captain General bends his course towards Vallona, which is a strong City in the Kingdom of Macedon, and arrived at it, the 12 of September, where the Turks made some opposition at their Landing, but were soon put to flight. The Turks, to the Number of Six thousand Foot and a Thousand five hundred Horse were encamped before Vallona, but on the approach of General Spaar with four thousand Foot, and four hundred Horse, they fled. And so they began to Batter the Town with Cannon and Bombs from their Ships, and withal sent a Summons to the Governor to Surrender, who desired time to consider of it, till the next day, and on the Morrow, one being sent with a second Summons, he found the Gates open, the Turks having quitted the Town in the Night, and so the Captain General took possession of it that Day being the 19 of September: And in this place, Death of Captain General Carnaro this brave Man died, on the 1st. of October following: which the Senate being informed of, they appoint Seigmor Mocenigo to succeed him. Turk's beaten at Sea The Venetians were not Victorious at Land only, this year but at Sea also. for General Delphino being ordered to convoy the Garrison of Napol● d● Malvesia, to Cands, on the 18. of August, he was joined with Captain Contar●nt, who had Twelve Mon of War, and Two Fireships with him; And on the 29th, he understood that the Admiral Bassa, who had with him, 27 Galleys, 32 Ships, and 6 Galleons, was resolved to attack him. On the 7th of September he had a sight of the Ottoman Fleet, and on the 8th, he bore directly upon them, and engageing, a sharp Fight was maintained for a good while, in which Action, General Delphinos hand was shot off, which did not hinder him to keep his Station till the Fight was over, and at last, the Turkish Vessels being fore shattered, they were forced to flee to Meteans, And General Delphino, being unable to overtake them, steered away for the Morea. This year, the differences about the Franchises, and other things done by the French Clergy as was esteemed in prejudice of the Holy Sea, are amicably composed between the two Courts of France and Rome; The French King making great Concessions on his part, to effect it; And the Old Dad, to make him a recompense, laid a design to reconcile the Emperor and France; But all his endeavours could never bring the Emperor to relinquish the Alliance he had so solemnly entered into, and so the project fell to the Ground. Elector Palatine dies This Year, died the Elector Palatine in a good Old Age. The Princess of Portugal died also this same, which we will conclude with some Remarks on five considerable Battles fought, in cach of which, there was something worth particular observation, viz. The First, in Transilvania, where Treachery contributed as much to the Victory as Valour. The Second, In Flanders, wherein Surprise had a great share. The Third, At Sea, where only Number got the Advantage. The Fourth, In Ireland, where Fortune declared in favour of true Merit and Prowess. The Fifth, In Savoy, where want of good intelligence, gave the Victory to the French: CHAP. XVI. Anno 1691. SECT. 1. Now we come to the Year 1691, in the beginning whereof, Congress at Hague King William's there was (at the Hague a famous Congress of the Confederates: Thither came the King of great Brit●ain, who, in an excellent speech to the Princes and all other concerned, Speech to the Pruncee encouraged and exhorted them all, unanimously to concur, and speedily and effectually to prosecute that great Work, which they were now so deeply engaged in, promising his personal presence (with a considerable force) to assist them, in that laudable Enterprise. This Generous Speech did so animate the whole Assembly, as they freely and solemnly promised to follow his advice, and to contribute their Endeavours to that noble End. The Frenc●● King knowing of all this, resolved to be before hand with them, three Garisens' in Savoy taken by Catinat and in March he divides his formidable Army into two great Bodies, one of which he sent into Savoy, under the Command of Catinat, who on the 13 of March, invested Niece (the French Fleet coming about at the same time, Nice bes●idged and lying before the City) from whence he sent three Batallions, who (before the 26, of that Month) took in Valla Franca, St. Auspice, and M●ntalban, all which surrendered, without making any great Resistance. On the 26. the Consuls of Nice [most treacherously] made a private Contract with Catinat for delivering up the City to him, on Condition that the Citizens should not be damnified, and should enjoy all their Privileges and Immunities as formerly; all which Catinat engaged to perform; so as (notwithstanding the Governors out most endeavours to the contrary) the French got possession of the City, An. 1691. that very Night. but the Governor of the Castle stood our stoutly, Betrayed and yeildded to Catinat till the 30. day, when unhappily his Powder Magazine took Fire and blowing up killed above five hundred of his Men, so as he was forced to Capitulate, and getting very Honourable Conditions, he and his Men surrendered the Castle, and marched out on the 2d, of april. The French King with the other Body of his Army [formerly mentioned] beseiges' Mons, whether he came in person, on the 21 of March, and the ' Trenches being presently opened, he proceeded with such incessant and vigorous Application, as he forced the Governor to Capitulate, on the 8. of april, Mons yielded to the French King being urged thereto by the Treacherous and Cowardly Inhabitants, threatening (if he refused) to deliver both the Town and him also, to the French, so as he was necessitate to yield, and he and his Men marched out on the 10th. of April. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 King William at this time, made a step over to England, Ireland. where he gave all necessary orders for the Reduction of Ireland, leaving the management thereof to Leiutenent General Ginkle; and soon after he returned to Flanders, to carry on the War there, where we leave him, and return to Ireland. Both Armies there, continued quiet, without any great Action all the Winter and Spring, In the beginning of June, Ginkle Besieged Baltimore, which yielded to him on the 10th. From thence he Marched to Athlone, and on the 19th. his Vanguard beat the Irish from several out Ditches, into the English Town of Athlone, on the North-East side of the Shannon and on the 20th. they took it by Storm, many of the Irish being killed, and drowned in the River. Then Bateries being planted on the 22d. the Cannon and Mortars began to play on the Irish Town and the Castle. The Siege was carried on with great Industry to the 30th day. The Besieged all the while making a resolute defence; Athlone taken by General Ginkle And then a General Assault was made: The depth and strength of the River, together with whole volleys of great and small shot from the Castle and the Town Walls, made the attempt amazingly dangerous, and deserving a perpetual Memory, all which difficulties, the English passed through with invincible Courage, and within less than an Hour made themselves Masters, of the Town, the Castle, and all the Trenches. Monsieur St. Ruth, General of the Irish Army, hearing of this, said, It was impossible for the English to attempt, or pretend to take a Town, and he so near with an Army to secure it: But within a few days he found (to his Grief and Ruin) the English durst and could do much more: for General Ginkle continuing at Athlone till the 10th. of July, for refreshing of his Men, on the 11. Marched towards the Irish Army, which was Encamped near to Aghrim, and observing their posture, and consulting, Mackay, Talmish, and the rest of the General Officers, resolved to give them Battle the next day, which Saint Ruth understanding seemed forward enough to engage, and that day made an encouraging Speech to his Army. The Conclusion whereof was this. He assured them of King James' loving and rewarding them of Lewis the Great, his protecting them; himself to lead them on; of the Church to Pray for them; of Saints and Angels to Carresse them; and in short, of their being made all Saints, and Holy Mary to lay them in her bosom. On Sunday, the 12th of July, the English Army advanced upon the Enemy, but the way being rough and difficult, and all the Approaches and out posts being well guarded by the Enemy, the day passed away in skirmishes, till near 5 Aclock, and then so sowed a closely Engagement on all sides; The Battle was managed by both Generals with all the Martial Policy and good Conduct Imaginable, Battle of Aghrim. and prosecuted with no less courage and bravery, by the Soldiers, this being (without question) the sharpest Fight that happened during the whole course of this War, the Irish behaving themselves here with greater Gallantry than ever formerly, and where the English Valour was extended to the greatest degree of Glory imaginable. However, over passing the various Actions during the Fight, which were too tedious to relate here, The Victory (at last) fell to the English. The Irish r●nted, Of the Irish there were no less than Seven thousand slain on the spot; And of the English, six hundred Soldiers and seventy three Officers besides 960 Wounded, and many Officers. The English Army did not amount to full seventeen thousand Horse and Foot; whereas the Irish were twenty thousand Foot, and five thousand Horse and Dragoons. The English Army, having a few days allowed them for Refreshment, Galoway yielded. Marched on to Galoway, which [though the Lord Dillon the Governor pretended to hold out resolutly) surrendered on Articles, on the 20th of July, and from thence they marched towards Limrick. where they arrived the 25th of August the Duke of Tirconnel dying a few days before in that City. Limerick bes●iged Duke of Tirconnel dies. The Siege was carried on without any extraordinary Action on either side, except on the 22d. of September, The English Granadiers, sustained by four Regiments of Foot, made an attack on the Works that covered Thomonds Bridge, which the Irish defended resolutly, but in end the Granadiers beat them from their post and pursued them to the Town Gate, where the Officer Commanding, (fearing the English would enter pell mell with the Irish) pulled up the draw Bridge, and so left them to the mercy of the English Granadiers, who killed and took the most part of them. The English by this means getting footing on the south side of the Town, and the River cut off all communication between the Irish Cavalry and the Town, by which the Besieged were so much discouraged, as on the 23d. of September they beat a Parley, Limerick yielded. and the next day Lieutenant General Sarsfeild and Major General Wachop came out to the General, and desired a Cessation for 3 days, which was granted, in which time, the Articles were concerted and agreed on, and on the 1st of October they were signed, The Sum whereof was. That not only Limerick but all other Garrisons and Forts in the Possession of the Irish, in Ireland should be surrendered; and that so many of the Irish Army as had a mind to go for France, should have free leave. And so General Ginkle taking Possession of Limerick, in effect ended the War in Ireland. King James a letter to the Irish in France, Those who went to France, on their arrival received a Consolatory Letter from King James (directed to Lieutenant General Sheldon their Commander, to be communicated) Giving them hearty thanks for their faithful services in Ireland, and promising [when in a Capacity] to confer such marks of his favour on them, as might be suitable to their Merits. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 There was no Action in Scotland this year worth mentioning. Neither was there any thing extraordinary happened at Sea, though the Fleets on each side were very powerful. The French had a design of Intercepting our Turkey Fleet, which was very rich, Our Turkey Fleet comes safe hom●. but providence brought them all safe into Kinsale, whereof the brave Admiral Russel, [now Earl of Onfoord] being informed, he took special care to convoy them all in to their several Harbours in England; And then with the Grand I leet, set Sail in quest of the Enemy, whom he understood to be lying at Bel-Isle, but so secured as it was Impossible to attack them, and therefore he returned towards the Coast of England; where we will leave him for a while and see where King William was all this while. We left Him in England towards May last, but he quickly returned to Flanders, and put himself on the Head of the Confederate Army, Waldeck attacked by Luxemburg near Cambrun. which was somewhat stronger than the French in Foot, but weaker in Horse; And though his Majesty did all he could to bring Monsi●ur Luxemburg to an Engagement, yet all would not do, and so marching the Army towards Aeth, the 16th. of September he went to Loo, leaving Prince Waldeck in the command, who leaving Aeth on the 17th. marched towards Bonair. Luxemburg laid hold on this opportunity, and marching with a considerable Body of the best Horse in France on the 19th, came up with Waldecks Rearguard near Cambrun, by which the Confederate Forces were surprised, Prince Waldeck lost an thousand in this Action. expecting no such thing. However Prince Waldeck drawing up with all the hast he could, made head against the Enemy, the French Kings Household attacked the first line, and put them to a retreat, and the 2d. line also, but at length the Prince's Cavalry rallying and coming up, the French thought fit to retire, having killed an thousand Men in this Action, with the loss of five hundred of their own. And this concluded the Campaign in Flanders. In Catalonia, Catalonia. The Duke of Noailles advancing with a part of the French Army to Belee●▪ sent Lieutenent General Chazeron with the rest, Vigel yielded to the French. to beseige Vrgel, garrisoned with a thousand five hundred Spaniards, all of the regular Troops, which place in a short time, they basely surrendered, the whole Officers and Soldiers being made Prisoners of War, And if the Spaniards behaved so dastardly at Land, they did little better at Sea, when they could not prevent the Marshal d' Estrees Bombarding of Barcel●na for two days together, which brought a terrible desolation in the City. The Fre●ch prevail on the upper Rhine. On the upper Rhine, the French attacked Algesheim, five or six Leagues from Men●z, which, after some resistance they took. And soon after, passing the Rhine, they took the Town of Portz beim, in the Marquisat of Baden Dourlach, with which, and taking of another small place called Genbac●, and ravaging a part of Ju●ziers, was all their Summer's Work on that side. The Duke of Saxony General of the Imperial Army, doing nothing considerable all this Campaign. In Italy, Savoy The French having taken Nice in the spring soon after they took Villana also, Vil●ana ye●lded to the French from thence Catinat marched, and besieged Carmagnola, nine Miles from Turin. The Trenches were opened the 8. of June, and three Attacks form, which were carried on with that vigour, as the Garrison Capitulated to march out with their Arms, Also Carmagnola and to be convoyed safe to Turin. Which was no sooner done but the Marquis de Feuquieres was commanded with a strong detachment of Horse, Foot and Dragoons, to invest Coni, a place naturally strong and furnished with above a thousand two hundred Men. Feuquieres hearing of Three thousand Spaniards on their March to relieve Coni, Coni beseidged. attacks them smartly, where many were slain on both sides, but at last the Relief got in, and presently it was besieged again with Fourteen thousand F●ench Commanded by Monsieur de Bullond, who hearing ●rince ●ug●ne of Savoy was coming with Four thousand And Re●●e●ed Horse and Six thousand Foot to relieve it, he broke up in confusion, leaving one Cannon three Mortars, great store of bombs, Powder, and other Warlike Ammunition and many sick Men, but for this good Service, Catinate had orders to seize and secure him. Montmelian yielded to the French By this time the Duke of Bavaria, with Eight thousand Germans, comes up, on which Catinat repasses the Po, and sends the Marquis de Hoquincourt to beseige Montinelian, who took it a trice, but the Castle held out still. The Dukes of Savoy and Bavaria did what they could to draw Catinat to a Battle, which he altogether declined: And passing the Po, Carmagnola taken by Prince Eugina Prince Eugine invested Carmagnola, on the 27 of September and on the 8, of October the Garrison Capitulat, and surrendered on Honourable Terms. Montmelian Fortress yielded to Catinate Not withstanding this, Catinat has orders to attack the Fortress of Mountmelian, which he did on the 16 of November, wherein conflicting both with the rigour of the Season, and a desperate Enemy, he overcame all with that patience and constancy, as the Fortress was Surrendered to him on the 22d, of December, upon Honourable Terms, by which place, the French became entire Masters of all the Duchy of Savoy. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 In Hungary, Hungary Prince Lewis of Baden headed the Imperial Army near Peter Waradin, from thence, Prince of Paden worsted by the French in August he marched towards the Enemy, who encamped at Semom on the Save, where he used all means to draw them out of that fastness, wherein they were so securely Encamped, with a hundred and fifty pieces of Cannon all mounted on Batteries, which seeing he could not effect, he retreated towards Salankemen; The Turks thinking he fled, pursue him, which pleased him very well; On the 18. of August, he posted his Army on all the rising Hills about Salankemen. By this time the Turkish Army was come pretty near; and in the mean time Buquo's Regiment of Dragoons, being detacht to secure two hundred Wagoons, who were coming from Peter Waradin, was surrounded by the Enemy, and after a valiant resistance, were all killed and taken: and the same day, the Recruits of Hoffkirken and Caprara's Regiments, fell under the same misfortune, all the Women, Baggage, Wagons, and Led-horses were lost, with two hundred Wagon load of Provisions, and twelve hundred Oxen that drew them. In the mean time, the Prince observed that the Enemy were posted on much more advantageous Ground than his own Army, and finding a necessity, either of hazarding to attack them in their Camp, or starving in the place, his Provisisions being almost exhausted, he generously resolved on the former, nnd on the next day being the 19 of August, he put all things in order, to the best advantage. The great battle at Salankemen. The Prince draws out his Army, and with undaunted Courage marches on and attacks the Enemy who received him with great resolution. It was near 3 in the afternoon, before the Armies were fully Engaged, but once Engaged there was Bloody work on all sides till night came on, about which time the Turks being over powered with downright force and fury, fell in disorder, and in short, betook themselves to flight; the Christians pursued them till it fell dark, and all next day, killing a great many who had hid themselves in the Bogs, and amongst the rushes, and then possessed themselves of the field of Battale, and of all their Tents. Cannon, Baggage. Ammunition, and all other Provisions. The Tinks routed. The loss on both sides was very great, the Conquerors themselves owning that they had near seven thousand killed and wounded, and among them, many good Officers: But of the Turks, they reckoned no less than eighteen thousand killed in the Battle; and almost all their Officers were killed, wounded, and taken Prisoners; And to complete the Victory, The Grand Visier killed and eighteen thousand Turk. not only the Serasquer Bassa and the Capital Aga of the samsaries, were found amongst the slain, but the Grand-Visier Cupergh also, who was the most accomplished person in all the Ottoman Empire, Several towns taken, all Sclavonia reduced to the Emperor's obedience. After this, General Capra●a took Lippa; And in Sclavonia, The Duke of Croy took Bro●a, Grandisca Possega, and Ba●aros, so as all ●clavonia, became entirely reduced under the Emperor's obedience. Yet at great W●ra●in Siege, they had not so good success. for though the imperial Troops attacked it with much Vigour, yet they could not prevail against it, so as [after all] they were forced to turn the Siege into a Blockade, with which ended the Campaign in Hungary, During which time, Sir. William Hussey, the King of England's Ambassador at the Ottoman Fort was Negotrating a Peace, between the two Empires, though with little appearance of Success. We do not find any thing dono this year by the Venetians, worth mentioning. King of Poland marches into Moldavia. The King of Poland marched his Army, twenty thousand strong, once more into Moldavia, designing to march that way, as far as Budziack: But he had not marched far into Moldavia, till he heard a great body of Ta●tars were not far from him; against whom, ho marched, but they retreated so fast as he could not overtake them; so he marched to Jassi [which the Hospodar had quitted] and took possession of it. He took also, Roman, Nimick, and Novacran; And the ●e●son being now far spent, retreated homeward with his whole Army. On the first of February this, year died Alexander, the 8th Pope of Rome, Remarkables on this year 1691. Pope Alexander the 8th Monsieur Louvois after he had sit in the Holy Chair 15 Months and 21 Days: To whom succeeded Pignatelli the Cardinal being then 76. years and 4 months old, taking on him the Name of Innocent the 12. On the 16th of July, died the Chief Minister and Secretary of State in France Monsieus Louvois. Duke of Saxony all die. And on the 2●d. of September died at Tubing, John George, Elector of Saxony. he had by Anna Sophia, daughter of Fredrick the 3d. King of Denmark, John George the 4th. who was born on the 17th, of October, 1668. And Fredrick Augustus, who (by his Brother's death, without Heirs) became Elector of Saxony, and now chosen King of Poland. CHAP. XVII. Anno 1692 SECT. 1. Sect. 1 We begin this year 1692. [conform to our former method] with our Affairs at home. The King having settled all matters with the Farliament, according to his own mind, The King goes to Holland, on the 5th. of March, he Adjourned them to the 12th. of april, and so he went to Holland, where he Landed the 16th. of March, and after some stay at the Hague, he went to Loo, and thence to the Army. After the King's departure, the Queen had some notice of an invasion intended from France on which, she ordered the hastening out of the Fleet, stopped the Forces designed for Flanders, with whom [and some other Troops] she ordered a Camp to be form near Portsmouth. The late King had at that time a considerable Army posted on the Coast of Normandy, ready to be Embarked so soon as the French Fleet could come up to receive them. But in the mean time, the French King sent orders to Monsieur Tourville to Fight the English and Dutch Fleets, which accordingly he did, though he had better let them alone, An. 1692. for on the 19th. of May he Engaged with Admiral Russel, Admiral Russel beats the French Fleet. who Fought him all day, and Banged him so sound, as he forced him to flee before night, and pursuing him, on the 21st Sir. Raloh de Lavalle brunt Tourvilles own ship, the Royal Sun, carrying 104. Guns. The Admirable, of 102 Guns, the Conquerant, of 80 and 3 more of a lesser Rate. And on the 22d. Admiral Russel himself at La-Hogue, burned 13 men of War, besides several transport ships of great burden. This was the greatest blow that ever the French got at Sea; and the Action was the more Glorious being done in sight of the French and Irish Camp, ready to Invade us. This disaster moved King James to write a sad Letter to his Brother of Franc, condoling the misfortune, occasioned by his bad stars. Namure beseidged This loss at Sea, the French King resolves to make up at Land, and in order thereto lays Siege to Namur on the 22d. of May, himself being present, Flanders and carried on the same with the outmost Application. The Confederate Army being then equally strong with the French. King William used his outmost endeavours to relieve the Town, but partly by the extraordinary Caution of Luxemburg who covered the Siege, And yielded to the French King and more especially by an excessive Rain falling for several days, his endeavours were frustrated; And so on the 30th, of June, Town and Castle and all fell into the French Hands. SECT. 2. The King lying at Hall with the Army, on the 1st. of August, he was joined by the Hanover Troops, being Eight thousand, all fine Men. And hearing the French Army were Encamped between Enghein and Steenkirk, he resolved to attack them. This Enterprise bore a prospect of so great difficulty and imminent danger, as no Man durst have attempted, but he who has always dared (slighting difficulties and dangers) to attempt any thing that Justice and Honour prompted him to. And who in all his Actions hitherto, has manifested himself a greater stranger to that natural passion of fear, than any of this Age, or recorded in former. And though we have an old Adage, Audaces fortuna juvat, yet here it failed. For in this Eugagement, Battle at Enghein though there was nothing wanting in the prudent Conduct of a politic and Magnanimous General, nor in the vigorous endeavours of a brave and resolute Soldiery, yet the Event proved not so Successful as so Heroic an undertaking might have expected. My Author has given a particular relation of the wonderful Exploits of that day, which (being both intricate and prolix) I overpass, referring the curious Reader, to a full satisfaction from the Original. I only make this Remark on the whole, the attack was carried on and maintained all the day, with that admirable courage and constancy, as if Boussler had not come in the Evening with his fresh Troops of Dragoons; King William Retreats in all probability King William would have gone off with so famous a Victory as would have eclipsed the splendour of the greatest of his former Actions. However he made an orderly, Honourable and safe Retreat, (the French not daring to pursue him) and came with the Army to Hall, next Morning early; To which retreat, the French King himself has given a Testimony, much to the Honour of King William. In this Fight were killed of King William's Army about Two thousand, and Three thousand wounded, of whom Eight or Nine hundred were taken Prisoners. Mackey killed, and Sir Robert Douglas And here were Killed, the brave General Markay, Sir John Laneir, Sir Robert Douglass Colonel Hodges, and many other brave Officers, of the several Nations. and Colonel Hodges and Sir John Laneir The loss of the French was not particularly known to us, but one of their Officers told afterwards, that it rather exceeded ours, and probably it had been much greater, had not Mill●voix (a Servant of the Duke of B●varias) given Luxemburg intelligence of the King's design, whereof being convicted▪ he was fairly Hanged for his Labour Sieur Granvale Excecuted Upon the 11sh. of August, The Sieur Granvale, by name Barthol●mew d' Lintere) was brought to his Trial, before a Council of War, the Earl of Athlone, Ginkle, being precedent; for conspiring and intending the Assassination of the King of great Britain. Which being sufficiently proven against him by his Associates, Du mont, and L●efdale, who both discovered it, he was found guilty, and sentenced by the Council of War▪ to be Drawn, Hanged and Quartered, which was Executed accordingly in the Camp, the 13. of August 1692, his Trial is remarkable. There happened little more of importance in Flanders, this Campaign, but the Governor of Huy's surprising a strong party of the French, killing a great many, and taking Four hundred Prisoners; And the Bombing of Charleroy, by the Mareshal de Boufflers. In England, The Queen and Council ordered the Forces Encamped at Portsmouth, formerly mentioned, to be embarked, on the 3d. of August under the Command of the Duke of Leinster, who on the 5th. set Sail, and went to Sea, where roaming for a few days, acted nothing; and returned to England; which the King hearing of sent orders for them to be transported immediately to Flanders, where they Landed the 1st. of September, they possessed themselves of Dixmude and Fullness, and began to fortify them, but towards the end of the Year, they were both quitted to Bouflers by Count Horn, which the King resented so much, that the Count, sinking under the weight of the King's displeasure, did not live long after. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 The Margrave of Bareith, and Landgrave of Hass Cassel, Duke of Witemburg de seated and taken. Commanded the Imperial Forces on the upper Rhine, this Campaign: And the Duke de Lorge, the French; The Landgrave laid Siege to Eberemburg with a part of the Army, but in a few days the Margrave sent him word, that De Lorge was advancing, which required the rejoining of the●r Forces; And the Duke of Wittemburg coming up to join them with Four thousand Horse, the French surprised him in a Misty Morning, defeated his party killed near a Thousand Men, and took many Prisoners, and the Duke himself, and sent him to Paris. And ravaged all his Country at their pleasure: And forced the Landgrave of Hass-Cassel, to raise his Siege at Eberemburgh. Yet before the end of the Year, the Landgrave was quits with the French, who had laid Siege to Rhemf●ild, a place of great importance, could they have carried it, for with great speed he marched thither, and forced them to quite it with Dishonour. 2. Having now run thro' the Efforts made by the French, Savoy. on the Flemish and Germane side let us see what is doing in Savoy, all this while, The French having pretty good success there, last year, were contented to be on the defensive only, this year. Duke of S●●oy Invades the Dauphinate. The Duke of Sovoy, in the Month of July, marches into the Dauphinate with twenty thousand Men, where having pillaged La Roche, Chantelouvi, and some other Villages; he marches to Ambrun, which on the 5th day after surrendered to him upon Articles. From thence he marched to Guillestre, which after a brisk Siege of about 9 days, yielded upon Articles, here he got 20 piece of Cannon, and the City granted him forty thousand Livers Contribution; besides sixty thousand Livers in Gold of the French Kings Money, Takes some Towns. which he got in the hands of the Treasurer. From thence he marched to Gap, a City upon the Frontiers of Provence, which on the first Summons, surrendered. Falls sick, and returns. home. He designed the taking of Brianson and Quieras, but the small Pox taking him broke all his Measures and hindered his keeping of what he had Conquered in the Dauphinate, so as his Army plundering all the Country, and burning and destroying what they could not carry away, returned home, and so ended this Campaign. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 The Emperor encouraged with the late great Victory at Salankemen, thought fit now to attack Great Waradin, Hungary. which had been Blocked up for some years past, and appoints General Heusler for that service, Great Waradin taken by Heusler who arrived at the place about the end of April, and pushed on the Siege with great vigour, to the 30th of May, throwing in an infinite number of Bombs, and the same day sprung a mine to good purpose, he then sent a threatening Summons to the Aga. who answered, he would perish in the defence of the Place, yet on the 2d. of June, when he saw all things prepared for a General Assault, he beat a Parley, and agreed on Articles, and surrendered. After which, the General took a small Garrison on the Danube, called Pescabara: And this was all the service was performed on that side, also, Pescabara. during this Campaign. This year, on the 18th of July, the Venetians laid Siege to Canea, Venice. in the Isle of Candia, the gaining whereof, they had good hopes at first, but by the great policy and valour of the Bassa of Retino, both their hopes and endeavours were frustrate, in so much as they were forced to leave it, reinfecta, and Sailed away towards Napoli di Malvasia. Morosini made Captain General again. This (with some Incursions of the Turks into the Venetians Territories) made the Senate very uneasy so as they began to think of a new Captain General; And this Trust and Honour, they unanimously devolved on the Serene Doge, Morosins, who had formerly served the Repulick so successfully, and which nothing but his great age made him unwilling to accept off. As for the Polish Army, they made a shift to get into the Field in September, and in Ostober they Blocked up Caminiec. And so, for this Campaign, exeunt. Mr. Robert Boyl died this year. This year died the Famous Robert Boyl Esquire a Philosopher of a particular and extraordinary Character; And yet he was so far from Atheism, that is too usual for such Speculative heads, as he lived and died a sincere Christian, whereof he gave a convincing Testimony at his death, by the Legacy he left to have a Monthly Sermon Preached against Atheism. On the 7th of June, happened a terrible Earthquake in the Island of Jamaica, Earthquake in Jamaica, in the Town of Port-Royal, the chiefest of the English Plantations, and the greatest Mart in that part of the World: the Town was entirely ruined, with the loss of fifteen hundred people. And on the 8th of September we had a touch of it in England, but did little hurt, bl●ssed be GOD. The Elector of Bavaria and Prince Waldeck dies. On the 24th of December, died the Serene Electoress of Bavaria, in Vienna 23 years old. This year also, died the Valiant Prince Waldeck. And this year, the Duke of Hanover a Protestant Ptince is Constituted the 9th Electorate of the Empir. CHAP. XVIII. Anno 1693. SECT. 1. In Britain and Ireland, England. things went well between the King and all his Parliaments, a, 1693 for Scotland and Ie●land appeared very forward in all matters tending to the Common good and safety, and to the King's Honour and Satisfaction; and the Parliament of England came nothing short of the King's expectation and desires, passing many Acts, and laying on taxes and all for raising of Money for carrying on the War against France. For all which, the King gave them hearty thanks, and Prorogued the Parliament to the 2d. of May. and then he went to Holland. But before he went, he laid aside Admiral Russel (for causes to himself best known) and constituted Henry Kuligrew Esquire, Sir Ralph Delavalle, and Sir. Clovasley Shoved, Commanders of the Fleet this Summer. The Smyrna Fleet attached by the Frend. This year, our Smyrna Fleet, outward bound, consisting of near four hundred Sail, of several Nations, under the Conduct of Sir, George Rook with a Squadron of 23 Men of War, were attacked by the whole French Fleet. And though Sir George neglected nothing of the duty of an expert and resolute Captain, for the safety of these under his protection, yet being over matched by a greafer force, he could not prevent a great damage to the Fleet, of whom the French burnt ●7. and took 32 Merchant Men. And 2 Dutch Men of war. And soon after Sir George brought his Squadron, and many Merchant Ships, safe in to Kinsale in Ireland. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 The French Army in Flanders this year did exceed ours in number, very much, the Troops of L●●ge being on their march to join the King; Luxemburg sent out a strong Detachment, which surprising them in the hollow ways, charged them smartly, and forced Count Tilly (who commanded them) to retreat towards Mastreicht. Hue taken by the French. This encouraged Luxemburg to lay Siege to Hue, which he invested the 9th. of July, and in few days had it surrendered to him. Which the King hearing of, and fearing Luxemburg might attempt Let●e, being not far from it he sent ten Batalions, who with great difficulty got into the Place. Luxemburg made as though he had a design on Liege, but he had a greater design really in his head, for knowing the King had sent off the Duke of Wertemberg, and several other considerable Detachments, he resolved on no less than atracking the King in his Camp; his Army at this time being thirty five thousand stronger than the King's Army. Luxemburg. approaches the Kings Camp. And with all carried the matter so closely, as (though the King sent out several parties to observe the Enemies) motion he could get no certain Intelligence, till himself, Bavar●a, and some other Officers took Horse and went out, and were not far till they met with Luxemburgs vanguard, and found that his whole Army were on their march towards the King's Camp▪ Which made him presently draw up the Army in Battle Array to oppose ●●e Enemy. Night coming on, the King caused a slight Bres●work to be cast up before the Foot from the Right Wing to the Left. And being on Horseback all the Evening, not only giving all necessary orders, but seeing them Executed, he ordered his Coach to come to the Bea● of S●a●l●y's Regiment, wherein he reposed himself about 2 hours; and early next Morning, sent for Doctor Menard, one of his Chaplains to come into the Coach, to Pray with him, suitable to the occasion. A Rare Example. By Sun rising, Battle at Land●n. the French were drawn up within Cannon shot of the King's Camp▪ being the 19th. of July; Our Cannon played on the French suriously and made a great slaughter, which they endured with great constancy, till about 6 Aclock, and then they made a movement towards our Retrenchments, at which time, the Batalions and Squadrons from all sides, advanced and engaged. And it is certainly more easy for a judicious Reader to imagine, than for any Man to relate the Bloody work was there. But that terrible day drawing to an end, after the Confederate Army had done all that was possible for brave Men to do being overpowred with numbers they were at last forced to give ground, The ●●●ch 〈◊〉 the field. and to quit the Field of Battle to the Enemy, though it was purchased at a costly and Bloody Rate. The Providence of GOD preserved the King, Miraculously being shot throw his Peruque and throw his in several places; his very Enemies behold his wonderful Courage, with admiration, and it was a common saying amongst them. They wanted but such a King to make them Masters of Christendom; And the Prince of Cont● in his Letter to the Princess wis Wife (being Intercepted) Says he saw the King every where present where there was any Action▪ Exposing his Person to the greatest dangers, and that surely, so much Valour, very well deserved the quiet Possession of the Crown he wore, Loss on both sides Computed. As to the loss on both sides, it is variously reported, the F●ench affirming our loss to be twenty thousand, but it really appeared at the review of the Confederate Army, soon after, there were not missid above five or six thousand, killed wounded and taken. And for the loss on the French side it was passed all doubt they had above two thousand Officers killed and wounded, and few less than eighteen thousand Soldiers, which may the rather be credited, first because of Luxemburgs not pursuing the Vi&ory (which certainly he would not have forborn if he had been in a condition) and next because of the great Recruits sent him from the Sea Co●st, and by Bousslers from the Rhine, before he laid Siege to Char●eroy. Which he did on the 31st, of August, And though the Garrison held out with more true courage than any other Town in Flanders had done since the War began, yet▪ Char●eroy yielded to the French. seeing no appearance of any relief, they were necess●at to Capitulat and g●tting Honourable Conditions, they Surrendered, on the 1st of October. And Roses also This was not the only Town the Spaniards lost this year, for on the 29 of May the French besieged Roses be Sea and Land, and carry on the Siege with that forwardness, as the Town was surrendered to them on the 5th. of June. The Germans were so flow this Spring, and the French so forward, Heidelburg taken and burnt by the French that the Latter passed the ●hine at Philipsbuog, and on the ●8. of May, the Marquis de Chamills with Twenty thousand Men invested Heidelburg, which (being in no posture for defence, and a division also happening between the Inhabitants and Soldiers, which put all in Confusion) was forced to surrender at discretion of the Victors. Soon after this, The Dauphine joined the Army which was Seventy thousand strong; and having taken by storm, the Castle of Zwengenberg, he cr●ssed the Neckar the 26 of July, and marched towards the Prince of Badens Camp, near Flein: The Prince being far fewer in number, Dauphine bravad● put himself in a defensive posture. On the 31, the Dauphine advanced with his whole Army, and having raised some Batteries, ordered all the Cavalry and Four thousand Granadeer to force the Entrenchments, and to encompass the left wing of the Prince's Camp▪ But at two a Clock, when the Prince expected that the French would have fallen briskly upon him, they drew off, and repassed the Neckar, with some loss. Nor did the Dauphine any thing more of moment only he put a Garrison into Stugard, and sending one detachment to Charleroy under Bousslers, and another into Piedmont, he returned in August to Versailles▪ SECT. 3. Sect. 3 The Duke of Savoy being recovered of his late Sickness joined his Army, which was pretry strong, Duke of Savoy b●seiges Pignerol. and presently laid siege to Pignerol and took the Fort of St. Briaget that covered it, with the loss of a Thousand five hundred Men; Put the Town made so obstinate resistance, as it was debated, whether they should raise the Siege, or Bomb the Town; In the mean time, Catinat being reinforced with the Troops sent him from the Rhine descended into the Plains of Ma●siglia. The Duke of Savoy learning he had a design on Turin, Raises his S●●ge and marches to Marsig●●a quit the Siege of Pignerol, and marched towards him, whereon followed a Bloody Battle, on the 4th of October, The particulars whereof, the States of Holland's Resident, then at Turin, sent to the States, by his Letter, Battle of Marsiglia dated the 5th, of October, Wherein (with many other remarks on the Fight) he highly commends the valour of the King of great Britain's Subjects Commanded by the valiant Duke of Schomberg, Schomberg killed who was killed there, and two parts of three of his Regiments, and eighteen of his Officers were taken many of them mortally Wounded: He names many other brave Officers, Killed and Wounded there, but gives no account of the numbers of Men Filled, The French Victors on either side. only he says it was believed the French loss was fully as great as ours. However, the French had the Victory, for the Duke's Army was forced from the Field of Battle, and retreated to Turin and Mo●calier. About this time there were some surmises, and a suspicion of the King of Poland's inclination to clap up a peace with the Fort, insligated by the French King, but it did not appear. Belgrade b●seidged by the Duke of Croy This Year, The Duke of Croy had the chief command of the Imperial Army, with which about the latter and of July) he laid siege to B●l●●a●●, which was carried on with abundant Courage and Resolution (both of the Assaliants and Defendants) till the 7●h. of September, on which day, the Besiegers made a general and furious assault, but were repulsed, with great loss. The Siege raised And the General being informed that the Gr●novisier was on his March ●●wards him with Eighty thousand Men, he broke up the Siege and made his Retreat, without any loss. And so the Campaign terminated for this Year, on that side. Return we now to England, England So soon as the King came from Holland he discovered a great dislike of the Sea proceed that Summer, The King's Speech to the Parliament and presently restored Admiral Russel to his Command of the ●le●t, And in his Speech to the Parliament, on the 7th, of November, he extenuated the disadvantages at Land, which was to be imputed to the far greater numbers of the Enemy; but the miscarriages at Sea, be resented extremely, and threatn●d those who had neglected their Duty, with severe punishment; But withal told them of the extraordinary provisions a making by the French for the next Campaign, whereof the States of Hollana taking notice, had ordered suitable preparations to be made on their part, which he desked the House of Commons to take into consideration, hoping they would concert and settle all matters, with that speed and diligence, as so weighty and important Affairs required. The House of Commons came quickly to a resolution of complying with his Majesty's desire, for increasing the Forces both by Sea and Land. Bembow's Bombing and Burning some part of S●. Malois, about this time, Prince La●●●s of ●●den comes to England gave some sort of satisfaction to men's Minds, though it made no repatation of our late great loss at Sea: And so we ●●o●e this Year, on the last day whereof, the brave brince ●●wis of Baden came to Wu●●ehall, and next day, went to wait on the King at Kinsington, An. 1694 who received him with great civility and kindness. CHAP. XIX. Anno 1694. SECT. 1, Sect. 1 This year gins with the sad disaster befell our Fleet in the Medtterrancam, where by a violent storm (on the 18. and 19 of February) Sir Francis Wheellers ship was Founched, himself and all his Men lost; Sir Francis Wheeler ship wracked. And besides this, 9 English ships, and 3. Dutch, all of good value, were driven a shore on the Est side of Gibraltar, and most of the Men were drowned; but Admiral Nevil, and the rest of the Fleet, happily escaped. Parliament prorogued to the 18th of September, The Parliament having ordered all things according to the King's mind by the middle of April, he gave them hearty thanks for their kindness to him this Session, and so Prorogued them to the 18. of September, and soon after he went for Flanders. Admiral Russ●l was early at Sea with our Fleet, which was now in very good condition, using all means to draw the French to a Fight, which they as carefuly avoided, and raither than put it to that hazard (being Conscious of their own weakness) they choose making a stop into the Mediterranean, whither Admiral Russ●l follows them, but before he went, he sent off Captain Pickard, with 2 Men of War and one Fireship, to attack a Fleet of 55. Sail of French Merchant Men, lying then in Bertraume Bay, which Pickard performed effectually, for he burnt and sunk 35 of the 55 Merchants, and run the Man of War (there Convoy) among Rocks, and soon after she blew up. The Lord Berk●eys attempt on Bres●. Here follows in course, the unfortunate attempt made on Breast by the Lord Berkley Admiral of the blue Squadron, with 29, Men of War, besides small Fi●gats, Fireships, Well-boats, Bomb vessels &c. having with him also a considerable number of Land forces, under the Command of the resolute Lieutenant General Talmash, A Narrative of this unsuccesful Expedition is fully given by the Marquis of Carmarthen, Unsuccessful. there present to which I refere the reader, having no stomach to make a relation of such an unhappy adventure. In short, besides the damage done to the Ships, there were lost four hundred belonging to the Ships, and of the Land Forces, seven hundred were killed wounded, and taken, besides the brave Talmash, killed there. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 We make a step now into Flanders The death of the Bishop and Prince of Liege, Death of the Bishop and Funce of Liege. had almost made a Rupture amongst the Confederates; for the French Kings motion for the Cardinal de Bovillions preferment, being rejected by the Chapter, one part made choice of the Elector of Cologn, Brother to Bavaria; and the other, of the Grand Moster of the Teutonick order, who was Brother in Law to the Emperor. Which might have made a Fraction between his Imperial Majesty and the Duke of Bavaria. but providence prevented this, Elector of Cologn preferred to eige. by the death of the Grand Master, so as fair way was made for the Elector of Cologn, without any difficulty or opposition, which strengthened much the Consederats power in Flanders. The Army now under the King's command, amounted to thirty one thousand and eight hundred Horse and Dragoons, all well mounted, Armed and equiped, and fifty one thousand Foot, besides seven thousand under the Command of Count Thun. But though the Dauphine's Army was not much inseriour in number, he used all endeavours to decline Fight, which when the King could not draw him to, he Couped him up under the walls of Hu●, and reduced him to considerable straits, for a time: Where we shall leave them, and look after the English Fleet, now in the Channel, My Lord Berkley brought the Fleet before D●ip in Normandy, on the 12th of July. And the Bomb-Galiots taking their proper stations, Lord Berkley Bombards D●ep presently began their destructive work, for from that evening, before 4 the next morning they threw in eleven thousand Bombs and Carcases. Which took so good effect, as the whole Town was (in a manner) reduced to ashes. From thence he Sailed to Haver de Grace, and on the 26 at even the Bomb● began and played till next morning, And Haure de Grace. and so they left it in little better plight than they did D●●●. In Flanders I find no memorable Action, since we left the Armies near Hue, only a hasty march the French Army made, to prevent the Confederate Army's getting into French Flanders, Hue yielded by the French. as it seems the King had designed; but failing in that, he sent the Duke of Holst●●● Ploen with 16 Regiments of Foot, to Beseige Hu●, which was carried on so effectually, as on the 27 of September, it was yielded up on Articles that the Garrison should be convoyed safe to Namur. In Catalonta, the French Army consisted of thirty thousand, Duke of Noailles takes se●●●● under the Command of the Duke of Noa●●l●s, being much stronger than the Spanish Army and earlier in the Field to boot. Towns in Catalonta. On the 30 of May Noailles Besieged Palamo●, which he took on the 7 of June by Storm, making Prisoners of War, all those who escaped the Sword. Which so terrified the Spaniards as they abandoned the Garrisons of SH' Felix, Quinola, and the Castle of St Elm. On the 19 Noailles laid Siege to Gironue, which (though they made a show of resistance at first,) they surrendered on the 29. and on Ignominious Terms ●oo. And presently after, he took in the Towns of Ostralick and Castle Folet, making all the Soldiers therein, Prisoners of War. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 By this time Admiral Russel is g●t on the Coasts of Spain and down the Meattervanean, couping up Tourvilie in his Harbour of Tholoun, Admiral Russel in the Straits from whence he attempted once to make his Escape, but Russel watched him so narrowly, as he drove him in to his Harbour again; and leave we him there in souse. for the rest of Winter, till we see what is a doing in Germany, where we find no great Matters, Tourvills couped up in Thoulon by him. for the Prince of Baden Commanding the Imperial Army, and de Lorge, the French, the Latter passed the Rhine in Jure, and marched towards Hai●b●on, near which the Prince was encamped who went out to meet him, but at Lorg, considering of it, declined Fight and marched towards Wil●●ock: the Prince pursues him, and near ●●●s lo●k a sharp skirmish happened between the French and German●, wherein the former lost near three hundred, and the latter half as many: Both Armies moved again and marched towards Landau, where there was great expectation of a full engagement, but heavy Rains falling, frustrated the design, And so the Prince with his Army repassed the Rhine, carrying away Fourteen thousand Cattle, and destroying a vast quantity of Forage in the Country, and some Magazines of the French, and herewith ended the Campaign on this side. In Savoy there was nothing done this year worthy of Relation. And as little in Hurgary; for though the Turks were considerably stronger than the Imperialisls, yet the Grand Visier could find no means to force Caprara the General, to Fight, nor durst he attack him in his Cump at Carlowitz. So as on the 1st, and 2d, of October, he drew off his Army and sent them into Winter Quarters, and published Eight Causes very reasonable for so doing. As to Affairs in Venice. Venice Their Captain General, and Doge Morosini. died the 6th, of January, at Napoli de Romama, Death of Morosini Doge of Venice and they made choice of Seigmor Zeno for Captain General, in his place: About the beginning of June, General Delsino with Twelve thousand Foot, and a thousand Horse, landed on the 15, within a Mile of Ciclut, General Delsino takes Ciclut and plying the Town horly with Cannon and Mortar, and many sharp Assaults, he made himself Master of the Town by the 21. of that Month. The Turks were so vexed at the loss of this place, as they presently beseige it with Sixteen thousand men; but the Garrison Delsino left in it, made so stout a defence as the Turk● (after the loss of Two thousand Men) were forced to raise the ●eige. Cobluch yielded to Delphino Soon after this, Delphino took Cobluch, after a Siege of 9 days only And on the 7th of September General Steinau Landed with an Army in the Island of Scio, Scio yielded to General Steinau and on the 9 he seized on the Suburbs of the City, the next day he played on the Castle with four Cannon and four Mortars, and set it on Fire in several parts, and on the 14 they sprung a Mine, the hideous noise whereof (together with the havoc the Bombs had made) so terrified the defendants, as presently they capitulate. and surrendered, on condition they should be transported safe into lesser Asia, which was done accordingly. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 The Poles seemed still to be the faintest and slowest of the Allies, Pole and though they had Blockaded Camimeck last year, Ta tars routed by the Poles at Caminice they could not find themselves strong enough to hinder the Tartars [this year] from relieving it with no less than Three hundred Wagons, laden with all manner of provisions, and guarded with Twenty thousand Tartartan Horse, most of whom, carried a Sack of Corn behind them; and ravaging all the Country about: The Poles (being enraged herewith) fell upon them, Killed Three thousand, and drove the rest out of the Country, and this was all they did this Summer. Death of the Elector of Saxony This year on the 7th. of May, died the Elector of Saxony, a young Prince, and in the full vigour of his Age, he died of the small Pox, at Dresaan. The King at his return from Flanders, told his Parliament, on the 20th, of November, that all Affairs (both by Sea and Land) were in a much better posture, than when they parted last (as in truth they were) which gave a great satisfaction to all. Queen Mary's Death But Alas! That which happened soon after, imbittered all our sweet Morsels, for this fatal year, made a Mournful conclusion, by the Death of our most Gracious Sovereign Lady, MARY Queen of great Britain, France, and Ireland, who died of the small Pox at her Palace of Kinsungton on the 28, of December. Many learned Pens have attemped a Character of Her, though all came very short of Her Merit; But very remarkable was that Answer of the Kings (who knew Her best) to the Bishop of Canterbury, who went to Comfort Him on that great Loss. Who sa●d, He could not choose but Greive, seeing She had been His Wife for 17. years, and yet He never knew Her guilty of an Indiscretion. A general Grief for the Queen's Death Hereon followed the Parliaments, and the whole Nations Condolence of the King, upon this great Loss, and their Protestations to stand by Him, against all opponents whatsoever, both at Home and Abroad: And if ever Addresses were unseigned and affectionate, they were those made upon this occasion, since it has been obvious to any Man of observation, that that sad Providence did very much heighten men's Affections to His Majesties Person, which being before as it were divided between Him and that Beloved Princess, were now entirely cemented into one, and all concentered in Him. CHAP. XX. An. 1695. SECT. 1. Sect. 1 Notwithstanding the universal Sorrow, occasioned by the Death of Our excellent Queen, the Parliament went on effectually with their Work, tending to the public well and safety, passing several Acts to that end, and all agreeable to His Majesty's Will and Desire. Affairs in Flanders requiring the King's speedy repair thither; He was pleased before His Departure) to appoint Lords Justices, for the Administration of the Government, during His Absence, viz. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Justices of England The Lord Keeper, The Earl of Pemb●ook, The Duke of Devonshire, The Duke of Shrew bury, The Farl of Dorset, and the Lord Godolphine: And so on the 12 of May, He departed for Holland. Villeroy General of the French Armies, after Luxemburgs Death The Famous Luxemburg Dying the beginning of this Year, The French King gave the Command of his Army to the Duke de Villeroy; The Confederate Army outnumbering the French this Year, by Twenty thousand. The King form his Army into Two Camps, one commanded by himself, and under him, by the Old Prince de Vaudemont; And the other, by the Dukes of Bavaria, and Holstein Pl●en. On the 27 of May, the King went from Breda to Ghent, and his main design being upon Namure, he detached the Earl of Athlone (with 40 Squadrons of of Horse, thitherward; And finding he could not draw the Duke of Villeroy to a Battle, he concluded on the Siege of Namure, and on the 19, of June, he marched to Rosclair, where he lest the Army with Prince Vaudemont, and went himself towards the Muse. And in the mean time sent orders to the Earl of Athione Encamped then at Tilmont) to march and invest Namure, which accordingly he did; but wanting Troops to surround the Town entirely, Bousslers took an opportunity to throw himself into the Town with Eight Regiments of his choice Dragoons, but sent away most of the Horses. Namure besieged The Duke of Bavaria's Forces coming up, all the Posts about Namure were taken, and the Siege was completely form by the 23d, of June. So we reckon from this day, the Siege begun. And here, In the First place. My Author gives a particular account of all the defects of the Fortifications of Namure, of its Weakness, and the disadvantages it lay under, when the French took it, and of the admirable Enfor ements and improvements they had made in it since, to that height, as not only themselves (but others) looked upon it now, as impregnable: Which gave them the confidence to set up this Inscription over one of the Gates, Reddi non vinci potest, And all this he Writes in proper military Terms, as if he had been an expert professed Engenier. In the 2d. place, Prince Vaudemounts brave Retreat He giveth an account of Villeroys' design of attacking Prince Vaudemonts' Army, on the 4th, of July, which he delayed till the next day, but that Night, the Prince gave him the Slip, marching his Army entirely away, with that wonderful secrecy and celerity, as by his excellent conduct, he made a safe retreat to Ghent by six a clock next morning. This was so fine a piece of the art of War, as can hardly be paralleled in History, to which, the King [now the greatest Captain known] gave His Testimony, by his Letter to the Prince so soon as he heard of his safe Escape And in the 3d. place, He goes on with the full narration of the admirable proceed at this Famous Siege, in which truly, there are many remarkable Exploits, very well worth the Observation, and memory of all such as have a Maretal Genius. The particulars whereof I hope the Render will not expect from me, my proper work being (in effect) nothing else, but as the large Contents of a Chapter, so as he must be content at present with this brief accumulative account. The Siege beginning on the 23d. of June (as a foresaid) it was carried on with incessant application till the 2d. of August whereon, The Town of Namure yielded all things being ready for a General Assault, Count Guiscard, the Governor, gave the sign for a Parley, whereon Hostages being exchanged, and Honourable Conditions being granted, he surrendered the Town on the 4th, of August, but the Castle held out still. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 And here we shall allow those Warlike Litigants a little breathing time, before the attacking of the Castle, and take notice of somethings elsewhere. The French having no Fleet in our Channel, the English and Dutch Fleets had the more liberty to insult them in their own ports: St Malo's Bomed by the Lord Berkeley. And first they began with Saint Malo's. Into which, the Lord Berkely threw no less than nine hundred Bombs, which (by the Frenches own confession) reduced it almost into ashes. But to return to Villeroy. Having failed of his design on Prince Vandemont, he chose rather to play at small game, than lie out, and therefore he attacks Dixmude, Dixmude and Deixse yielded to the French. and takes it, making all the Garrison Prisoners of War, the silly defence whereof, cost Major General Ellenburg his Head: The same fate befell the Garrison of Dense. From hence Villeroy marches to brussels, where (after a Compliment premised of sparing that Lodging wherein the Electress of Bavaria was) on the 13 of August he Bombarded the Town seyerely reducing a great part of it to ashes. Brussels Bomed by Villeroy. After which, reinforceing his Army (which amounted now to a hundred thousand Men) he marches towards Namure, in order to raise the Siege, whereof he failed to his great grief and dishonour. However he advanced as far as Flerus, He marches to the relief of Namur. which obliged the King to leave the care of the Siege, to the Dukes of Bavaria and Holstein-P●oen, and to repair to his Army to oppose Villeroy, who seemed now fully resolved to Fight, and in order thereto, drew out his Army in formal array, Retreats, re●insectr. and attacked the advance Guard of the Confederates Horse but being repulsed by the Hessian Horse, he retiered that night, sine ●editu. The Siege of the Castle was carried on vigorously all this while, there being no fewer than a hundred and ninty Cannon and Mortars playing continually upon the Fort and Castle, The King finding scarcity to creep into the Camp; on the 19 of August Consults Bavaria, Vaudemont, and other General Officers, and a general Assault is resolved on next morning, and so the disposition of the several Officers with their Detachments to attack at such and such places, is concerted, and appointed, which I pass over. Namur Castle attacked. Next morning early, the dreadful Assault gins in comparison with which, the former Actions about taking the Town, were but like pickeiring or skirmishing before a fierce Battle. The Fight continued all day, and was carried on with incredible valour, on both sides, till the evening, by which time the Confederate Forces had made themselves Masters of several important Lodgements; but it cost them dear, for besides many Officers (some being of eminent Quality) they lost near two thousand Men. All this notwithstanding, the work goes on next day, the Cannon thundering continually against the Castle. On the 23d, the Besieged beat a Parley, craving a Cessation till they buried their dead, which was granted, and a little before it ended Count Guiscard came upon the breach, and desired to speak with the Elector of Bavaria, who coming to him, ●e proposed a Capitulation, the King (coming at that very time from the Camp into the Town) consented, and so an agreement was made on Honourable Terms, and was Signed that night by the Marshal De B●uff●ers; And perhaps this was the first Capitulation that ●ver was Signed by a Marshal of France and so much the more to the Honour of the Confederate Arms, And surrendered, who took this (almost. Impregnable place, from an Army within it of fourteen thousand choice Men, headed by a Marshal of France, in sight of an hundred thousand Men without, who came to relieve it, but could only stand spectators of the brave Action But none can pretend to so much Glory from t●is Conquest, as the King of Great B●●ta●●, under whose conduct and direction, all was happily Achieved, the Confederates lost at the Siege between fifteen and twenty thousand. And the French about two thirds of that number. The Ar●i●l●s being Signed, and the Confederates having tak●n Possession of the C●●orne all things were prepared for a Triumphant volley of Cannon and small shot, A Triumphant ●ol lay of shot. the M●n being all dispersed to their several posts, along their Retrenchments; The confusion of the 〈◊〉 an● noise from so many different places, was very agreeable and delightful, and the Triple discharge of the small shot, seemed to be but one of a long continuance. On the 2● of August Mareschal de Boufflers and his Men marched out of the Castle in very decent order, The King and the Duke of Bavaria on Horse back stood before the breach and viewed them passing by, Boufflers arrested. whom B●ufflers and Guiscard saluted with their Swords. But Boufflers had not marched far, till he was arrested in the King's name, by ●●etang, a Brigg●dier of the life Guard at which he stormed extremely; but Monsieur Dickvelt told him, though reason was his Master's infraction of the Capitulations made at Dixmude, and Deimse and that the King was resolved to detain him as a pledge till his Men were released by the French King conform to that Treaty. Boufflers giving his Master an account of this, And released. the Prisoners are enlarged soon after by the French, and so Boufflers is released. And with this, we conclude the Campaign in Flanders, for this year. SECT. 3 Sect. 3 In the beginning of this Campaign, the Spaniards handled the French pretty roughly for first, The Spaniards worst the French in 2 or 3 reincounters. they attacked a Detachment of French marching from Bagnoles to Gironne and routed them, And soon after, hearing that St. Sylvester was on his march with eight thousand Men, and three or four hundred mules loaden with provisions for the relief of Castle folet, they attacked him with so much courage, as they routed him, killed above two thousand, and took above five or six hundred Prisoners, and all the mules, but about thirty, who got into the Castle during the heat of the Fight. which lasted about 6, hours. And presently after this, they routed another Detachment of French marching from Pras de Melo, to join Sylvester and his eight thousand lately beaten. Yet for all this they could not carry Castle folet, which they had blockaded so long. No nor Palamos either, though invested by Sea by Admiral Russel at the same time they Besieged it at Land, for hearing that Vendosme was on his march to relieve it, they withdrew their Forces and left it. On the Rhine nothing considerable happened this Campaign. About the middle of June, Savoy. the Confederate Forces Besieged Casal, Casal Besieged by the Duke of Savoy. being Blocked up by them for a long time before, and carried on the Siege with great industry till the 10 of July, and the Besieged finding then that they had all things prepared for a general assault, which they durst not abide, they beat a Parley and so making the best conditions they could, An● surrendered to the Confederates. surrendered it the next day. The Duke of Savoy valued himself much upon the Reduction of this place, and gave account of the same to the States of Holland by his Letter. In the conclusion whereof he gives them new assurance of his adherence to the Confederacy. which how he performed, ye will find in the Occurrences of the next year. Sect. 4 The death of Sultan Ackmet. This year on the 27 of Janivary died Sultan Ackmet, at Adrianople. To whom Succeded Mustapha, Son to Mahomet the 4th. who had been deposed. Mustapha made Sultan. This Mustapha proved to be a more active Prince than any who had swayed the Ottoman Sceptre, of a long time. The Imperial Court hearing of this, began to consider of a fit person to oppose to this sprightly young Prince, Hungary. and condescended on the Elector of Saxony; Saxony made General of the Emperor's Army. The Emperor gives him the Sole command of his Army in Hungary, as the Elector of Bavaria formerly had, Saxony obliging himself to bring eight thousand of his own Troops into the Field. In the beginning of July, the Grand Signior comes in person to B●lgrade, together with his whole Army. Saxony being Encamped near Peter Waradin, The Sultan thought it not safe to attack Saxony in his Camp; Lippa taken by the Turks And Titul. But rather than be idle, he Beseiges Lippa, which held out stoutly for a while but being over powered by numbers, it was taken by Storm and all the Garrison put to the Sword. Then he attacked the Fortress of Titull, which being not Tenable, was surrendered upon Articles, which were not truly performed to them, the Commander of the Garrison and Palsies Battalion being sent Prisoners to Belgrade. The Duke of Saxony finding the Turks main aim to be on Transilvania, took his march with the main Body of his Army thitherward, intending to join General Veterans then in Transilvania with eight thousand Men only; but the Sultan prevented his design by sending a Body of near forty thousand Men to attack Veterans, before Saxony could join him, which they did on the 21 of September and engaging Veterans' small party near Lugos [after a sharp conflict for 5, hours] defeated him, killed himself and three thousand of his Men, Battle of Lugos the rest making their retreat into Cara●s●hes. But this Victory coast the Turks dear, for they lost above six thousand in that Fight. General Veterani killed and 3000 Germans And the Grand Signior (judging of the Lion by his paw) had no great stomach to venture a Battle with the Imperial Army when he saw a handful of them make such havoc of a great Body of his. And so (contenting himself with this dear bought Victory, and the taking of Lippa) he resolved on reteiring into Winter Quarters, as did the Germans also, where we leave them. SECT. 5. Sect. 5 The Venetians were proud of their Conquest of Scio, the last year; Venice but the Turks recovered it this Year, without any loss or opposition, Scio regained by the Turks by the ill Conduct of Zeno, the Venetian General, for which he is degraded with disgrace, and the Noble Alexander Molino put in his place. But the Turks had not so good success in the Morea, for Ibrahim Serasquier of Negropont, entering that Country with Twenty thousand Men, and advancing as far as Argos, General Steinau, Battle of Argos 3000 Turks ●illed and the new General Molino joining their Forces, making Ten thousand Foot and Two thousand Horse, encountered him, and after a Bloody fight for 3 Hours forced him from the field of Battle, with the loss of Three thousand of his Men. And that night, he fled out of the Morea with so much haste, as he left in his Camp 14 pieces of Cannon, 2 Mortars, marry Bombs, and much Provision, with 700 Oxen, and 320 Camels and Horse, as a Booty to the Conquerors, who in this Action lost not above Five hundred Men. The King of Poland did nothing considerable this Campaign most of his time b●ing taken up in reconciling a Feud between the Bishop of Vilna, Pole and the General of Lathuama, both his own Subjects, this being the bad fate of a Prince, who holds a precarious Crown. Nor did the Muscovites any thing against the Tartars, England but the blocking up of Asoph. The King comes to England, Parliament dissolved, and a new one called. We come home now to England. The King returning from Flanders in October, was received with universal Joy, for His great Success that Can paign, and on the 11 of October, He ●●sued a Proclamation for dissolving the than Parliament, and calling a new one to meet on the 22d. of November following. At this time came an Envoy from the great Duke of Tuscany to Congratulate His Majesties happy accession to the Throne; On which my Author has a pretty drolling remark, taken out of Su●ton●us, who says, the I●●●en●es coming too late to condole with the Emperor Tibertus, for the lose of his Son Diusus, who Answered them, and I also condole with you, the Death of Your great Countryman Hector. The King's Speech to the Parliament At the meeting of the Parliament, The King made an excellent Speech, wherein he highly extolled the valour of the English, in the great Actions of the last Campaign; And withal laid before them, the necessity of considerable Supplies for carrying on the War, and for other indispensable needful uses, cautioned them against Hea●s and Divisions, and exhorted them to that quick dispatch of business, as the importance of Affairs required. And a little after, he ordered Admiral Roo● to go into the Straits, in room of Admiral Russel, An. 1696 now come home with our great Ships. Death of the B●sh●p of Mentz. This year, on the 30 of March, died Auselm Francis Frencrick de Angetherm Bishop of Mentz: And was succeeded in the Bishopric and Electorat, by Lethaer Francis de Schonborn, his Coadjator, and bishop of Bemberg. CHAP. XXI. Anno 1696. SECT. 1, Sect. 1 England This year began with a great deal of Murmuring and Complaint, about reforming the Coin, A●d●●●b●e Pi●t discovered. but that Affair was so prudently managed by the Parliament, as the querulous humour lasted not so long, as the Malipiero contents desired and endeavoured; For the happy and seasonable discovery of their double hellish ●lot of assasinating the King, and the Invasion of England from France gave all thinking Men, somewhat of greater importance to employ their thoughts on, than the inconveniency attending the rectifying of the Coin. This wicked project had its first contrivance in the latter end of the year 1694. b●t, by several turns of a favourable Providence to us, was Embarrassed, till this time. My Author having fully traced this Affair; with all its circumstances, from first and last, I shall only give you a summary account of what I think most material. The preparations for the Invasion were carried on in France with that expedition, as when the late King came to Catais on the 18 of February, he found all in a readiness, and immediately ordered the Troops, the Artillery, and Stores, to be put on board with all possible speed. The French Invasion fidstrat●● Which the King having notice of, ordered Admiral Russel to rendevouse the Fleet in the Downs with all haste, in which their was so quick dispatch and celerity used, as in 4. or 5 days, the Admiral had a fleet of near Sixty Men of War in a Line of battle with which he stood over presently for the Coast of Catais and Dunkirk, which laid an absolute Embergo on the French Fleet. Where I leave them; and return to the Assasins who consulting and proposing several ways and means, for accomplishing their Bloody and Villanons' design, at last concluded on attacking the King at a Bridge, between brentford and Turnham-green, by which place His Majesty used often to return from Hunting. And had so fully con●erted and settled the matter, in all points, as they fixed on a day for putting this Hellish Enterprise in Execution, which was to be on the 15 of February, But that Providence which has so miraculously and so often preserved His Royal Person, prevented His going Abroad that day, as he had designed. This unexpected Cross-bite did so daunt 2 or 3 of the Villains, as they broke off and abandoned the design, but the Devil was so predominant in the rest of the Desperadoes, as they persisted still, and on a new meeting and consultation, appointed the 22d, of February, for prepetrating the horrid Fact, at the place formentioned. The Plot discovered But several days before this, heaven had blown up their Plot, for on the 14 of February, one Mr. Pendergass, who was invited into the Assasination, but consented not, came to the Earl of Portland (though an absolute stranger to him) and briefly said, My Lord, I pray persuade the King to stay at home to Morrow, for if he go Abroad, he will be Murdered; One Mr. De la Rue, made the same Discovery, a little after, And that Night Pendergrass and he being introduced to the King gave a full relation of the whole Conspiracy, yet all this while made no mention of the Conspirators Names, but the King pressing this home to them, his obliging carriage and Expressions, and the weighty reasons he gave for the necessity of that Discovery, prevailed so with them, as they gave him a List of all their Names, whereon he presently issues a Proclamation, for their apprehension, promising 1000 pound for every one of the Offenders, that should be taken and brought to Justice. The King made a pertinent Speech to the Parliament, on this occasion; On which after congratulating His Majesty's safety, on the 25 of February, they enter into an Association to defend His Person and to Revenge his Death, and farther, they made an Act, that all persons who bore any Office of Profit and Trust should (besides Swearing the Oath of Fidelity) sign this Association, otherways to be rendered uncapable of their Employments. And in the mean time several of the Assasin's being apprehended, Three of the Conspirators Executed Robert Charnock (the most wicked and inveterat of them all) Edward King, and Thomas Keys, were Brought to Trial on the 11 of March, And upon full evidence, being all found guilty of High Treason, were sentenced, and upon the 18 of the said Month, were Executed at Tyburn. Five Conspirators tried and Executed The next Five that followed the former three, were Sir John Friend, Sir William Perkins, Cranborne, Rookwood, and Lowick, all convicted, sentenced, and Executed. The glad Tidings of the King's safety going to Holland. The Confederate Generals resolved to solemnize the same, with an extraordinary Bonfire, which they did by setting fire to the French Magazine at Gevet, which gave them to more Joy, than it did of Grief to the French. Thoulon: Fleet arrives as Bresls About the time that Admiral Russel lay before Calats and Dunkirk, the Thoulon Fleet, came from the Straits, and got all sa●e to in Bresi, and other French Ports. Our Fleet had no great success in the attempt of Bombarding of Calais, though yet there was burn● and destroyed no less than Seventy five Houses, Calais Bombarded besides the Church and Convent. But in the Isle of Rhee, where the Lord Berkley Landed the 14 of July, Some French Towns Bombarded by the Lord Berkley the French sustained far greater Damage, where the Town of St. Martin's was almost utterly destroyed; And after this, the Lord Berkley landing in the Isle of Groa, and two other Islands near Bed●sl●, the Soldiers destroyed about 20 Villages; burnt a Thousand three hundred Houses, and brought away a Thousand six hundred head of Cattle. The Fleet took Twenty Barks, and retook one of our West India Ships, and a small Frigate, which the Privateers of St. Malo's had taken; and so ended our Summer Expedition, with considerable Damages to the French. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 In Catalonia. Sovoy The Duke de Vandosm having passed the Te●, and understanding that the Spanish Cavalry were advanced from their Lines, to observe him, A Conflict in Catalonia attacked them, The Spaniards stood stoutly to it at first, but finding great numbers of the French infantry coming up to second their Horse, they retired in good order to their Trenches, the French pursued them to their Camp, but being ill treated by the Spanish Artillery they retired with considerable loss. The Spaniards lost Three hundred and they alleged that the French lost more. The French on the Rhine being stronger at first then the Prince of Baden, Rhine offered him Battle, Prince of Baden Can●n●ds the French Camp at Newstadt which he durst not accept; but being joined by the Hessian Troops, a while after, he passed the Rhine and advanced to Newstadt, where the French lay strongly Encamped, whom the Prince could not draw out to Battle, but he had the Honour of Cannonading them for several days, not only in Newstadt, but in their very Trenches, So after he had got some Booty, and divers Hostages for Contribution, he repassed the River on the 8th. of October, and then marched in to Winter Quarters, The Duke Savoy having secretly Concerted all matters betwixt him and the French King yet used all possible Artifices to conceas it a long time. Savoy. Marshal Catinat had indeed a strong Army in Piedmont, Duke of Savoy agrees with the French King. much Superior to the Confederates, and might certainly have distressed and damnified the Duke of Snvoy very much, but having secret Instructions from his Master, carried much more favourably towards the Duke than he used formerly to do, in so far as the Grand-Prior of France taking notice of his remissness, Accused him to the French King by his Letter, which the King receiving, smiled all the while he was reading it, and wrote to the Grand-Prior not to take notice of Catinats' Actions, for what he was doing was by orders from him. However, on the 12. of July a Truce is concluded on for a Month▪ and before that ended, followed the final conclusion of a Peace on Terms advantageous enough to Savoy (had he not forfeited his Honour otherwise by abandoning his Allies so unworthily, and contrary to his engagements) For the French made restitution to him of all the new Conquests they had made, Terms of agreement as also of Pigner●l; gave him 4 Millions of Livers towards the reparation of his damages he had sustained during the War; engaged to assist him (when he had occasion] with eight thousand Foot. and four thousand Horse, and that at the French Kings charge and as a further tie, Excuses himself to the King of Spain &c, But not to the King of great Britain. his Daughter to be Married to the Duke of Burgundy, without a portion. The Duke of Savoy, by his Letters, excuses himself to the Emperor, to the King of Spain and to the Electors of Bavaria and Brandenburg, but not a line to the King of Great- Britain which the King resented as much, as he did his unjustifiable actions in the main. And in September following the Duke's Envoy Marques de G●ven makes a large Harange to the late King, wherein he highly Compliments him, and professes a great deal of kindness: But withal makes a foul discovery of his own unsolid and wavering Humour. And withal, on the 15. of September, he puts himself on the Head of the French and his hwn Troops (being now joined) to drive his Friends and Allies out of Italy, if they did not accept of a Neutrality: A strange metamorphosis to see the same Man, in one Campaign Head 2 adverse Armies, and take upon him to command both, the like where of can hardly be paralleled in any History; However the Envoy's of all the parties concerned, Neutrality in Italy signed. meeting and taking this knotty and intricat Affair into consideration; after long Debate, the Neutrality is agreed to, and Signed the 7 of October. Presently after this, there followed a mighty discourse of a general Peice between the French King and the rest of the Confederates, being much occasioned by Monsieur Dickvelts traversing so often between the Hague and the Camp. But of this more hereafter. Sect. 3 The Grand-Signior in person, Hungary. came early this year to Belgrade, on the Head of a powerful Army: And the Elector of Saxony joined the Imperial Army in the beginning of June, whom he sound to be little inferior to the Turkish Army, and to the end he might draw them to a Battle, he made a faint of Beseiging Tames-ware, this took effect as he wished, for being certainly informed that the Sultan with his whole Army was approaching him, he leaves Tames-ware and marches to meat him. On the 21. of August very early, they found the Turkish Cavalry to appear in great numbers on which the Elector and General Caprara, caused the Army to march in order of Battle. The Turks attacked them with great fury but they were repulsed and beaten back to their infantry, A fierce Battle near Tames-ware. and night coming on, they stood all to their Arms till next morning, that day and the 2, following days, there was no engagement, only the Cannonading one another's Camps: but on the 25. the Ottoman Army forsook their Trenches, and came fairly out and offered Battle; which presently began very hot on both sides. The Body of the Imperial Army advancing in 2 Columns, the Turks detaches against them twelve thousand Scuderbeeg●●'s on Horseback, being a sort of people who usually run upon the hottest of the fire, and Fight like madmen, in hopes of great rewards which the Sultan is wont to give them after the Battle it over; these Men after they had forced the Calthropt of the Imperialists, broke into the first line, 2. Batalions bein constrained to give way to their fury; but they were soon repulsed by the Imperial Horse, and so the line was closed again. The Fight was very fierce, and pushed on with various success on both sides, sometimes the one, and by and by the other party having the advantage, and continued so till the evening, at which time, Caprara's and some other fresh Re●gments making a furious onset, the Turks were driven back to their Trenches, and behind their Barricadoes. The Turks retire. But night coming on, the Elector thought not fit to attack them in their Trenches, but kept his Army on the Field of Battle in their Arms all night, and early next day offered the Grand-Signior Battle again, which he declined. And so ended this Battle, which was fought with more resolution and bravery than any in this age, and seemed to be like a drawn Battle, A drawn Battle. the loss on both sides differing little, for the Imperialists computs the Enemy's loss, to be four thousand and their own three thousand, so granting some small deduction, for partiality, the difference will not be great. General Heidersheim killed in this Battle, The only person of note lost by the Imperialists, was the brave General Heidersheim. In Croatia, Count Barthiant, Governor there, took the strong ●astle of Vranogratz and the Fort of Tinderaw, which proved good Barriers against the Incursions of the Turks, which often formerly they had made that way. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 Of the Venetiens, Venice there is not much to relate this year, of any great remark. Only, the Bassa Laberach● (borne in the old famous Leuctra, and said to be descended of the ancient Kings of Sparta) abandonded the Turks and came over to the Venetian interest. Delfino active in Dalmatia: he takes Duleigno. In Dalmatia, General Delfino laid Siege in August to Duleigno, routed five thousand Turks who came to relieve it, and at last took the Town, but the Castle (being very strong) held out still, and the Bash● of Scutart attempting th● relief of it, was ●puls●d with a great slaughter, y●● for all this the Castle stood out so resolutely, as Delfino was forced to leave it and the Town also, and ravaging all the Country about, marched safe of● General Molino beats the Turks at Sea. And general Molino engaged Mezzomorto the Turkish Admiral, and his Fleet near Castello-rofl● fought him a whole day and at last forced him to bear away, with all the Sail he could make, to the port of Seto, having severals of his Ships sore shattered, and six hundred of his Men killed. King of Poland dies. 2. On June 17 died John Sobiesks King o● Poland, being above 70. years old. 3. We have heard little of the Moscovites actions hitherto; But this Campaign, the Czar Peter Al●xowitz, marched in person, on the Head of a vas● Army, and lays Siege to Asoph, a place of great strength and Importance, on the mouth of the Rive● Tanats and [having defeated at Sea some Turkis● Vesells coming to supply the Town with provisions he carried on the Siege so vigorously, An. 1321. that the Garrison [almost starved] were forced to surrender on Articles, the 28 of July. Asoph taken by the Czar of Mosco●●a. And next day they marched out being three thousand Turks, besides Tartars. ●n the Town they found 90 piece of Cannon a great deal of Ammunition, but very little other provisions, which hastened the surrendry of the place. On the King's return to Englan● [which this year, was somewhat sooner than ordinar] He gave the Parliament an account of the Negotiation set on foot towards a General Peace, telling them withal that the proper and safe way to Treat, was with Sword in hand, which he desired them seriously to consider, and make preparations accordingly. Death of the Queen Mother of Spain. This year on the 7 of May died Mary Anne of Austria, Queen Mother of Spain. CHAP. XXII. Anno 1697. SECT. 1. Sect. 1 Now we are come to the last of these one and twenty Remarkable years. And the first thing Material, is the concerting of the Preliminaries, Preliminaries of the Peace Signed. in order to the Peace, which were agreed on in Holland, and Signed, the 10 of February, The particulars whereof I omit, being only matters of formality. Reswick is agreed on by all parties, to be the place of Treaty, and on the 9 of May the Conferences began, in which there was but a slow progress made for a while. The French having made a Peace with Savoy last year, made their Forces more numerous and powerful this year, both in Flanders, and Catalon●a, Aeth taken by the French. so as they Besieged▪ and in a short time reduced, Aeth in the former, and Besieged Barcelona in the latter; which they did, not with a design to retard, but rather to quicken the Spaniards pace, towards a Peace, so that the Conferences between their Plenipotentiaries and the Allies, went on under the Mediation of the young King of Sweden [whose Father Charle● the 11 died on the ●7 of April] by the intervention of the Baron de Lilliearot his Ambassador, An. 1697. who went between the one and the other for the said purpose. King of Sweden, Mediator in the Peace. That which Embarrassed the proceed of the Plenipotentiaries for a while, was the expectation of news all of them had from divers parts, which might favour their respective Interests, and by which they might take their proper measures, but more especially from Poland, the French being very confident that the Prince of Conti would carry that Crown; while the Confederates had all their eyes turned upon Prince James But in the mean time in comes a third person (whom no body dreamt of] and ran away with the bone; Elector of Saxony chosen King of Poland. The Elector of Saxony, who [having with great Celerity and Secrery, Concerted that project with his Imperial Majesty, and having privately reconcealed himself to the Church of Rome) all of a sudden Musters up his Troops, and Marches towards Silesia, and the Frontiers of Poland. And the next news they hear at Reswick, was his being chosen King of Poland, on the 26 of June, by a great majority of Voices, above the Prince of Conti who was also Proclaimed King by the other party, though the Expedition he made into that Country proved little to his, or the French Kings satisfaction, Saxony having gained his point, before Conti's arrival. Tho this news was a great Mortification to the French Plenipotentiaries, yet they proceed on the Treaty. The French Plenipotentiaries having several separate Conferences with the Ambassadors of the State's General, gave Umbrage to the rest of the Allies Ambassadors, that the States were about making up a separate Peace, as once formerly they had done; which the State's Ambassadors hearing of declared aloud, and with some sort of indignation, that that report was unjust and false, and that they might make there sincerity more apparent, they oppenly dissuaded the Ministers of the Allies from consenting to a Truce with the Freech, which had been lately proposed by the French Ministers; This giving satisfaction to rest of the Ambassadors they go on in the Negotiation of the Peace. Altercations about the Basis of the Treaty etc. But there arose amongst them so many Disputes and Altercations about the Basis of the present Treaty, and also so many intricat and thwarting overtures and propositions on all sides, as took up a great deal of time before they could be composed or brought into any settlement; all which were too tedious now to relate. On the 20 of July. The French gave in their project of Peace; The Spanish Ambassadors s●eming most to be satisfied with the Concessions of the French, the Emperor's least, and the rest of, the Allies, not altogether disliking them. On the 16 of August their was held an extraordinary Congress, which lasted almost the whole day; And not long after came the News of the taking of Barcelona by the French after one of the most vigorous Seiges, that had happened almost in any former Age. This made the Spaniards very uneasy, and very pressing to have the Peace signed, upon the Conditions offered by France: To which the French seemed rather to comply, because of a Report generally spread Abroad, that Sweden and Denmark threatened to denounce War against France, unless they went more seriously on with the business, and cut short all unnecessary difficulties. This, and the conferences h●ld between the Earl of Portland and the Mareshal de Boussiers (wherein were concerted all the pretensions of the King of England) so ripened and forwarded all matters, as on the 20 of September, the English, Spanish, and Dutch Pleniprotentiaries potentiaries (after a long conference with those of France, The Peace signed and having adjusted all matters in difference betwixt them) mutually signed the Peace, a little after Midnight. Emperor's Ambassadors Complain The Emperors and Empires Plenipotentiaries were in the Hall, almost all the time, but were so far from consenting to what was done, as they required the Mediator to enter a protestation, that this was a second time, that a separte Peace had been concluded with France [meaning that of Nimeguea for the first wherein the Emperor, and Empire had been excluded, and somewhat more to this purpose; To which Don Bernardo de quires made so pertinent a Reply, as (though it did not satisfy) silenced them at that time. The Articles of agreement between the 3 forementioned Confederates, and the French King [especially, the advantageous and Honourable Terins' King William made for himself and his Dominions] are so extant every where, and so universally known, as I do not think it necessary to swell this Compend by inserting them. Cessation of Arms on both sides Though the Imperialists seemed a little dissatisfied with these proceed, yet they thought it the most advisible way to agree to a Cessation of Arms which was done two days after the Signing of this Treaty; But before advice of this reached Prince Baden on the Rhine, he had taken the Castle of Eremburg, and was going to lay Siege to Kirn also. But herein the Emperor was unfortunate, for had the News of the Battle of Zenta come a little sooner, in all probability those Powers who lately Signed the Treaty, had not been so forward, till they had made the French King more compliant with the Emperor's demands. However passing that, We come to give some account of that Memorable Battle, the like whereof has not been fought in the whole course of this long and Bloody War. SECT. 2. Sect. 2 About the time of the Election of the King of Pola●●, a Rebellion broke forth in upper Hu●gary, which occasioned Prince Eugenius of Savo●, to draw the Imperial Troops thitherward And though the head of this Hydra was quickly cut off, yet the Grand Signior in person coming into the Field on the Head of a formidable Army, threatened to give life to this Monster again; Prince Eugen lying with the Imperial Army a B●le 〈◊〉, had intelligence on the 12 of September, that the Turks had a design on S●gedin, and had depascent out several Troops to ravage and burn all the Country about it. And presently after, one Captain Toben brought him word, that the Turks were at Zenta, and had detached a body of Horse to burn all the Country. The Prince sends two parties of sixty Horse a piece, as Scouts to make discovery, and to b●ing him a certain account of what they could discover. In the mean time the Army decamped, before day, and marched in twelve Columns six of Horse, and six of Foot, with the Artillery in the mi●le, And continued their March so all day. The Hustars who were sent to from, brought word, that they met the Enemy's Guards near Zent; a Bassa being taken informed the Prince, That the Grandsignior had fully resolved to beseige Segedin, but understanding that the Imperial Army was Decamped from Peter Waradin and was following closely at his Heels, he st●pt at Zenta; that he had laid a Bridge over the Th●ese, which had been built at Belgrade, by the advice of a French Man, and brought along in Wagons, intending to march in to Transilvania and Upper Hungary, that the Grandsignior had passed the Bridge in Person, with some Thousands of Horse, that the Infantry and Baggage, and a hundred peice● of Cannon were on this side the River, but he knew not if they would pass it or not. This obliged the Prince to advance with the Cave●●y, and some Artillery within an Hours march of Zenta, Battle of Zenta and there stayed for the Foot, who being come up, he drew up his Army in Battle array, and advancing near Zenta, they perceived Two thousand of the Enemy's Horse, whereon the Prince took Three Regiments of Dragoons, and two out of the 2d. Line, with some pieces of Cannon, and so advanced towards the Enemy, with all the speed he could, ordering the rest of the Army to follow in Battle array. On the left wing, he planted some Cannon, which played incessantly on the Bridge, as these did also on the right wing; and the Army coming up, the Battle began. The Enemy had before them, two Ent●●nchments, besides a Barricado of wagons, and all so strong, as it was an Admiration how the Foot could force them, which yet they did in half an hours time, during which, nothing could be heard or seen, for Fire and Smoak on both sides The Horse advanced also to the very moat of the Ent●●nchments, where they stood the Enemy's Fire, and charged in the same manner as the Foot, which perhaps was hardly ever seen before, they alighted from their Horses, and passed the moat on the bodies of the slain M●n: In the me●n time, the Germans on the left wing cut off the Turks way to the Bridge, whereon followed a most horrible slaughter, A terrible slaughter. as well in the Trenches, as upon the Bridge, and a great many were drowned in the River, endeavouring to escape the Sword, the Germans giving no quarter, no not to Bassa's, nor General Officers, though they offered gr●at ransoms for their Lives, so eag●● the Sould●ers were on Hood, from whence it came to pass so few were taken ●●isoners. The Night put an end to the Battle; The gallant Conduct of the Officers, and the Courage of the Soldier, cannot be express, nor sufficiently praised; But above all the great skill and dexterity of Prince Engenius is to be highly extolled, who being far inferior to the Enemy in number, was so critically watchful of his opportunity, falling upon them whilst divided, so as the one part could not relieve the other. The Grandsignior fled in great consternation to Temeswaer, being pursued thither by a Body of Horse, within half a Mile of the Town. A great many were killed in the next day's pursuit, The computation of the slain being at last made, besides the Grandvisier, the Aga of the Janissaries, Twenty seven Bassa's, and many other Officers; there were said to be killed, above Twenty thousand Men, Grandvisier Aga and 27 Bassa's killed and Ten or Twelve thousand drowned in the Thy●sse Six thousand Wounded, and but few taken prisoner's. In the Camp they got the Grandsigniors' Tent, and all the rest, 160 pieces of Cannon, 5●0 Drums, as many Colours, 47 pair of Kettle Drums, Account of Men s●ain a Coach with six Horses, wherein were Ten Women of the Seraglio. All their Baggage and Provisions, 6000 Waggons loaden with Amuniti●n etc. 6000 Camels 6000 Horses, 12000 Oxen, And of the Spoil with a great number of other Rich Spoils, The Grandsigniors' T●nt being valued at 40000 Florins: Next Morning, a Transylvanian Commissary brought to the ●rince, the Grandsigniors' Seal, a curious piece of Workmanship, which confirmed the Grandvisiors' Death, he being bound to carry the Seal always about his Neck. This Victory was the more Glorious and happy to the Imperialists, because they got it with the loss of so few Men, as they did not so much as condescend upon a definite number. The Battle was fought on the 13th. of September 1697. The only unhappiness of the Imperialists was, that this Victory fell so late in the year, as they had not a convenient opportunity of following the blow; and all they could do, the short remainder of the Campaign, was to make an incursion into Bosnia, from whence they returned with a considerable Booty. And so we shall return to make a Conclusion of the Negotiations of the Peace. SECT. 3. Sect. 3 About the time the late Treaty w●s Signed, several Ambassadors of the Allies, Princes and States of the Empire waited upon our King at Loo, where notwithstanding the Conclusion of the foresaid Treaties, an Offensive and Defensive Alliance, was whispered to be entered into, or rather renewed between the Allies. Here again the Emperor's Ambassadors begin to complain how they were injured by an immature Treaty. To which it was Answered, that it was much their own fault, by delaying to put in their Complaints in time, Emperor's Ambassadors sign the Peace whereto they had so often been advised, and withal, the thing being done, it could not be done overagain. So, the Imperialists seeing it in vain to complain, applied themselves to adjust the remaining points in controversy with France. And after several altercations, and fruitless struggles of the Imperialists, at last they accorded, and on the 30 of October (being but 2 days before the time limited by France, to accept her offers) the Treaty was Signed. The Protestant Princes m●ve for favour to the Protestants. The particulars whereof, if the Reader know them not, or be curious to know, ●e may find them as easily as these of the rest of the Confederates. Towards the Conclusion of the Negotiation, the Protestant Princes shown their Zeal, in moving earnestly (by the Mediator) that some favour should be shown, and privileges and Immunities granted to the Protestants of Stras●urg and other Cities of Allatia, Took not Effect which belonged to the French King; how the matter was managed amongst them, is not well known, but the motion was so little regarded, as it took not the effect wished for. SECT. 4. Sect. 4 My Author reflecting on the whole Negotiation, and the Conclusion thereof, (and taking notice of the vast Concessions and Surrendre is the French King has made) determines the advantages of the Peace, very great on the Confederates side. And so he returns to King William in Holland, who stayed there till the whole work was perfected, and having (justly and Honourably) paid off all the Foreign Troops, who are now on their March towards their Respective Homes, after the fatigue of this tedious War, He returned to England, and upon the 16 of November (at the Citizen's request) he made his public entry through London, King William returns to England being attended by all the Men of quality in very great state; And never in one day, in all his Life, His solemn Reception in London saw so many People, (and all his own Subjects) And in whose affections ●e triumphed as much as ever he had done at any time, over his Enemies; And may he always do the first, and never have occasion for the second; but may we long live under the benign influence of his happy Reign, who hath rescued our Religion and Liberties out of the Jaws of Hell and Destruction, has lo intrepidly fought our Battles for us, And at length restored unto us the Comforts and Blessing of a Firm and Honourable Peace. Postscript. HAving given a brief account of the Articles of agreement, betwixt the Emperor and his Confederates on the one part, and the French King and King of Sweden &c, on the other, Concluded at Nimeguen, in Anno 1676, I thought it fit to subjoin the Heads of the Articles betwixt the King of Great Britain etc. and the French King, Concluded on at Reysweck, in Anno 1697, for the Readers greater satisfaction, which are as follows Article I AN universal, perpetual Peace is Concluded betwixt these two Mighty Princes, their Hebs and Successors and all their Subjects, on both sides. II. That all Acts of Hostility, by Sea and Land, between the saids Princes and their Subjects, shall cease, after the Signing of the Articles of Peace. III. That an Act of Oblivion shall presently be made, of all damnages mutually sustained by the Subjects on either part, dureing the late War; and no Act of Hostility to be done or offered by either Party, on that account. iv The Most Christian King promises (upon the Faith and Word of a King) not to disturb the King of Great Britain in the fice possession of all or any of His Kingdoms, Dominions etc. nor aid or assist any of the said's Kings Enemies, who shall offer to disturb or n●olest Him, directly or indirectly: the King of great Britain, being engaged to perform the same Friendship to the Most Christian King. V That there shall be a free Commerce and Trade between the Subjects on all sides, without any stop or molestation, as their was formerly, in time of Peace. VI That the Administration of Justice shall be restored and set up, through all the Kingdoms of both Kings, to which, the Subjects of either, may have recourse for reparation, if any Damnage or In●thy shall be offered to them. VII. The said's Kings do mutually promise, to deliver up to each other, all Countries, Islands, Forts and Colonies, wheresoever situated, which were po●●est by either of them, before the Declaration of this present War. VIII. Commissioners shall be appointed on both sides to adjust and determine the Pretensiions which either of the said's Kings hath to the places situated in Hud●ons-bay, The saids Commissioners to meet in London within three Months, and to determine the matter within six. XI. That all Letters of reprisal and mark, shall be made null and void, and shall not be granted hereafter, by either of the said's Kings, against the Subjects of the other; unless it be first made manifest, that right was required, and denied. X. Provision is made for preventing any Disputes which may arise, concerning the restitution of Ships, Merchandises etc. which either party may complain of ●aken and detained from the other in remo●e places after the Peace is concluded, and before it be notified there. XI. That if (by Imprude●ce● any Subject of either of the Kings, shall commit any Act, any where, contrary to the present ●reaty, that Act shall not infringe or make vo●d the said Treaty, only the said person shall Answer for his own Fact, and receive punishment for the same according to the custom and Law of Nations. XII. If War happen to break out again, betwixt the two ●ings which God forbidden t●e Goods of the Subjects on either side shall not be confiscated or stop●, but six Months shall be allowed for removing and carrying off the same. XIII. The Most Christian King promises in reality, to the King of Great Britain the principality of Orane●, and all ot●er Lands and Dominions belonging to the said King (conform to the separate Article of the Treaty of Nimeguen, concluded between the Most Christian King and the State's General of the united provinces, the 10th. of August 1678) together w●th all the profits and Interest due to him, ever since he was dispossessed of the same, in t●e time of the War, which was ended by the Trea●y of Nimeguen. XIV, The Most Christian King ratisies all the Articles made between him and the late Elector of ●r●nde●burgh, at St, Germans, in Say, the 29th. of June 1679. XV. He ratifies also the Treaty and Agreement, made between him, and his Highness the Duke of Savoy, on the 9th, of August 1660. XVI. Both the said's Kings allow to be comprehended in this Treaty, all who shall be named by either Party, with mutual consent, before the exchange of ratification or within six Months after Especially, the Serene and Mighty Prince, Charles King of Sweden, sole Mediator in the Grand Treaty. XVII. And Lastly, Both the foresaid Kings, appoint that this agreement and Alliance made in due form, shall be delivered on both sides, and mutually and duly exchanged at the Royal Palace of Reswick, in the Province of ●olland, within three Weeks. from the day of the subscription, or sooner, if it may be. In ' Testimony whereof, the former Articles were Signed by the English and French Ambassadors, and by the extraordinary Ambassador, Mediator." INDEX ABdicat, debated in Parliament 77 Ackmet, Sultan dies 146 Addressis to King Charles 25 And Rejected Ib. Act of Parliament in England against a Popish King and Qu●en 87 Act of Recognition in Scotland 79 Aeth taken by the French 157 Agria yielded to Count Carassa 65 A brim Battle 114 Alba Regalis, and Lippa yielded to the Emperor 70 Alliance between the Emperor Pole, and Venice 36 Altercations about the Basis of the Treaty at Reswick 159 Argyle (Earl of) convicted of high Treason 31 Makes his Escape 32 Lands in Scotland, is taken and Beheaded in Edinburgh 45 He died piously Ib. Argos Battle 147 Asoph taken by the Ozar of Moscovie 157 Athlone taken by General Ginkle 113 Ausburg League 35 Auxiliaries Names for the Emperor against the Turks. 39 BAden (Prince of) takes Five Churches, Syclos, etc. 57 Burns ●sseck Ib. Beats Count Teckley out of Transilvania 1●7 Comes to England 133 Ganonades the Fyench Camp at Newstad● 1●2 Barkan Batt●e 39 Bavaria Electress dies 127 Belgrade taken by Storm by the Duke of Pavarid 71 Retaken by the Turks 107 Besieged by the Duke of Croy 132 Berkley (Lord of) attaques Breast, and comes off with loss 134 Bombards Deip etc. 136 And St. Malo's 142 And Calais and St. Martin's 152 Beverning adjusts the Peace with France 4 Censured for it 12 Bishop of London Suspended 53 Bishops, Seven, refused to Read King James' Declaration 69 They are Imprisoned, tried, and acquitted Ib. Bill of Exclusion rejected by the House of Lords 27 Bonne taken by the Duke of Lorraine and Brandenburg 84 Boil (Robert Esq) dies 127 Boyn Battle, in Ireland 92 Brandenburg (Flector of) his Letter to the French King 16 And to the States of Holland 18 His Death 77 Battle at Br●d, 71 Bouster takes Cochein 83 Brussels bombed by Villeroy 142 Butschin taken by Dunewald 64 Buda beseidged by Lorraine 41 Siege raised lb. Bese●dged again by him, and taken by Storm 56 C. CAlamburg Battle 38 Cambray, Citadel, yielded to the French 3 Cambrun Battle 116 Carricksergus taken by the Duke of Schomberg 81 Carignan Battle 103 Carmagnola yielded to the French 117 Retaken by P●●nce Fugine 118 Castlemain (Earl of, sent to Rome by Ring James 63 Castlenovo taken by General Cornaro 66 Catalonia Insurection 102 Catalonia, a Conflict 152 Canissa yielded to the Emperor 105 Casal yielded 145 Cessation of Arms between France and the Confederates 6 Cessation between the Emperor and the Turks 60 Charles King joins with the Dutch 7 His new Councillors after the Popish Plot 22 Makes Alliance with the Dutch 25 His Death, and Character. 44 Charter of London made void 32 Charters of all Towns of England questioned 34 Charleroy yielded to the French 131 Ciclut and Cobluch taken by General Delphino 138 Cochein taken by Bouslers 38 College, Steven, Executed 31 Colo●n Elector made Prince of ●●●●●ge 135 Commission High, by King James 35 Commons House, voted the Crown vaccant 77 Com●● prodigious 29 Covinsmark, defeats the Turks, and takes new Novorino 59 Con●●ess at Nameguen 1 Cor●●th, Sparia, Athens taken by Mo●osini 67 Coron Battle 51 Cornist Executed 47 Cor●● taken 52 Cork and Kinsale surrendered to King William 98 Cha●●emount in Ireland yielded to the Duke of Schomberg 90 Congress at the Hague 111 Co●● besieged and relieved 117 Couriray, Dixmud, and Luxemburg, yielded to the French 40 D. Dangerfield Whipped and Killed 54 Dauphine of France Married to the Duke of Bavaria's Sister 26 Dau●●ness dies 101 Delsino bea●s the Turks at Sea 109 Dix●●ude and Deinse yielded to the French 142 Doge of Venice dies 71 Douglas (Liutenent General) marches with 10000 Men to Athlone 49 He ●●turns, and joins the King, at Carrickmashure 95 Douglas (Sir Robert) killed at the Battle of Enghein 123 D' vaux Memorial to the States 72 Dr●gheda yielded to King William 94 Du●dee (Lord of) defeats Mackay at Killikraukle 79 He is killed in the Battle lb. Duleigno taken by General Delsino 15● E. EArthquake in Jamaica, 127 Edinburgh Castle yielded by the Duke of Gordon. 79 Emperor's letter to King James. 80 He agrees with Sweden. 45 His Ambassadors, at Reswick complain, 160 Answered by the Spanish Ambassador, lb. Emperor returns to Vienna, 39 Enghein Battle, 123 English Fleet worsted by the French. 88 Esperies taken by General Leslie, 51 Esseck taken by General Leslie, lb. Besieged by the Turks, 107 Exeter Association, 74 Essex (Earl of) murdered, 33 F. FUzharris Executed 30 Flanders and Italy alarmed by the French, 27 Flerus Battle, 109 Forge, a Conflict, 83 French defeated there, lb. French Invasion frustrated, 149 French Kings project of peace 5 Rejected by the Confederates, lb. He offers Money to King Charles, 6 He writ● to the Dutch. lb Breaks Articles with the Emperor 26 Encroches on Flanders, and ravages it, 14 His pretensions on Germany Flanders, etc. 35 G. GAloway in Ireland, yielded to General Ginkle, 114 Genoa Bombardrd by the French, 40 Godfrey (Sir Edmondbury) murdered 21 Gran Besieged and yielded to the Duke of Lorraine, 39 Gran Battle, 49 The Tu●ks defeated, lb. G●ent tak●n by the French, ● Granv●le (●●●ur) executed, 124 Grand V●sie● beheaded, 6● Grand Visier, ●●●an● 27 Bassa's killed, at Zenta Battle, 163 H. H●uover! Duke of) made the 9th Electorat 127 Hansch●●hets Battle, 41 Heidershean General, killed at the Battle of Temeswa●r. 156 Heidelberg taken by the French. 131 Heusler General, akau by Count Teckeley, 105 Ho●slein (' Duke of) defeated, lb. Hue taken by the French, 128 Retaken by King William, 1●6 J. JAmes King, Hi● speech to the Council, 44 His Coronation, and His speech to the Parliament, 45 His speech to the Parliament, 48 Displeased with their Answer, and dissolves them. 49 His Letter to the Council of Scotland, in favour of Pap●sts, 54 Alarmed from Holland, 73 Comes from ●ali●herry to London, 75 He goes to Rochester, 76 Returns to London, lb. He leaves London again, and with His Queen goes to France, lb. King James goes to Ireland 80 Offers Battle to Schomberg at Dundalk, 87 He is defeated at the Boyne, 93 He sle●s to Dublin, to Watersoord, and from thence to France, 94 His Letter to the Irish, who came from Limerick Siege to France, 115 His proceed in England, 62 Jessereys (Chie●● Justice) His bloody work in the West of England, 64 Johnston, Min●●te●, wh●p● 54 Joseph (Arch Duke) Elected King of Hungary, and Crowned 65 K. KIng William, and Queen Mary procl●m●d ●o Scotland, 79 They take the Coronation Oath, lb Declared King, and Queen, of England, 77 Kirk (Colonel) bloody in the West of England, 47 Keyserwart Besieged by the Elector o● Brandenburg, 8● L. LAnden Battle, 129 Lesl●e (Count) takes Esseck and Esper●es, 51 Liege (Prince of) dies, 135 Lippa taken by the Turks, 146 Limerick Besieged by King William, 95 The Siege raised 97 Taken by General Ginkle, 115 Livingston (Sir Thomas) routs Cannon and Buchan, 88 Lorraine, Duke of, agrees with the French King 14 Made General of the Emperor's Army 36 Takes Vicegrade, and Weisen 40 Retreats to Vienna, lb, Dies at Wells April 18 1690. 101 Londondary besieged, 80 Lords Justice of Ireland, 98 Lords Justice● of England. 140 Loyd (Colonel ●●oms 5000 Irish 12 Louvois French Secretary dies, 121 Lugos Battle, 1●7 M. MAcharty ●●vetenant General routed and taken Prisoner 81 Mackay Lieutenant General, killed 123 Maestreicht besieged by the Prince of Orange 2 Magdalen College follows, suspen●ed by King James 53 Maltmen Sultan deposed, 66 Marsiglia Battle 132 Meniz Bishop dies. 149 Meniz taken by Lorraine, 83 Minden, a conflict 17 A Congress of Princes there, 71 Moninou●h declared Bastard under King Charle's Hand, 23 He is banished, 24 He returns, lb. He loses all his places, lb. He lands in. England, 46 He is taken, and beheaded, lb. Modon yields to Morosini, 59 Mohaiz Battle 64 Mo●ino General, beats the Turks at Sea, 156 Molino beaten by the Turks ●6 Mong●iz yielded to the Emperor. 70 Mons yielded to the French, 112 Montmelian yielded to the French 118 The Citadel yields, lb. Mons Battle, 10 Mo●osini General of Venice, 127 He takes Sancta Maura etc. 43 He is Elected Doge. 71 He is made General again. 127 He dies. 138 Mount Casal Battle. 3 Mortality in Duke schomberg's Camp at Dundalk, 82 Muslapha made Sultan, 146 N. NAmur taken by the French, 122 Retaken by King William, 142 Casal yielded 144 Napol● de Romani yielded to General Morosini 60 Napoli di Malvasia yielded to the Venetians. 108 Navarino, old, yielded to Morosini 59 Newheusel take● by the Duke of Croy 50, Neutrality in Italy, signed 154 Nissa Battle 85 Taken by the Emperor Ib. Retaken by the Turks 106 Nice yielded to the French, 111 Nottingham Association, 74 Noailles Duke of takes several Towns in Catalonia, 136 O. ORange P. of, goes to England, 4 Marries and returns to Holland, 5 His speech to Sir William Temple. observable, 11 His offer of Aid to King James, in 1688, rejected, 46 He lands at Torbay, 73 Publishes His Declaration, Ib. His Letter to the Protestant Officers in King James' Army, 74 He comes to London. 76 Oaths of Allegiance, and Abjuration, 78 O'regan, Teague, His Comical Equipage, 90 Ossory (Earl of) dies 28 P. PArliament, long, dissolved and another called, 21 Parliament dissolved, and another called, 23 Parliament prorogued 5 times in one year, 25 They refuse Money to the King and forbidden lending, 28 Dissolved and another called 29 They sit at Oxford 30 And are dissolved, Ib. Parliament dissolved, and another called, 87 Parliament dissolved, and another called, 134 Peace between France and Holland, obstructed, 7 Agreed again, and signed, 8 Ratified by the French King, 10 Peace between France, and Spain signed, 12 The Articles, 13 Signed by the King of Spain, 14 Peace between the Emperor and France, and Spain, 15 Peace between France, Sweden, and Brandenburg, 18 The Articles, Ib. Peace between France, Sweden, and the King of Denmark, 20 The Articles, Ib. Peace General between the French King and all the Confederates, in Septmber 1697. 16● Palatine of the Rhine (Charles Lovis) dies 63 years old, 28 Philipbsburg yielded to the Emperor 2 Plot popish in England, 21 Doubted, and ridiculed, 25 Plot, called mealtub, 30 Plot Presbyterian, 33 Plot against King William, 149 Happily discovered, 150 Polish King defeats the Tartars, 43 He marches into Moldavia, 61 He routs the Tartars. 138 Marches again into Moldavia, 120 He dies, 156 ●ope Alexander dies, 121 Pope Innocent 11th dies, 156 Potachin Battle 84 Presbiterian Ministers are restored 88 Prince George, and others go to the Prince of Orange, 75 Process of the Plot against King William related, 150 Protestants persecuted in France, 53 Protestant Princes move for savour to protestants, but not granted, 164 Preliminaties at Reysweck signed at the Hague, 157 Q. QUeen Mary of England dies, 139 Queen mother of Spain, dies 107 R. ROses taken by the French 131 Rupert Prince dies, 33 Russel (Lord) Executed, Ib Russel, Admiral, defeats the French Fleet 122 Russel coup's up Tourville, in Thoulon 137 S. SAlankamen Battle, 119 Savoy (Duke of) joins with the Confederates, 98 He invades the Dauphinate▪ 125 He takes Amburn, Gap, and Guilestre, 126 F●lls si●k and returns Ib. He takes Casal, 146 He agrees w●th the French King, 153 Ter●us of agreement, Ib. He excuses himself to the King of Spain and others, but not to the King of Great Britain Ib, St Andrew Battle 41 Saxony Elector dies 28 Saxony, his son dies 121 Saxony, his son dies 1●9 Saxony, General to the Emperor, 1●6 He is chosen King of Poland 1●8 Salusses Batt●e 103 Sarsfeild (Lieutenant General) takes the English Artillery 96 Schulis General, defeats Count Teckeley 42 Shastsberry commited, tried, and acquired 21 Schomberg, Duke of, aryves in Ireland, August 14 1689, 81 He's killed at Boyn Battle 94 Schomberg, Lieutenant General is son, killed at Mar●●glia Battle 132 Scinta Battle 58 Scio tak●n by General Steinau 1●8 And retaken by the Turks 147 Sclavonia reduced to the Emperor 12● Stafford (Lord) executed 28 Smirna Fleet comes safe home 115 Sidney Colonel, executed 34 Smirna Fleet outward attacked by the French 128 Sign taken by General Cornar● 60 Schovel, Sir Clovesly, takes a Frigate in Dublin bay 89 Solyman made Sultain 66 Spain (King of) claims Mastricht from the Dutch 19 Which they refuse Ib. He is married 102 Spainiards beat the French in Catalonia 145 Strasburg yielded to the French 32 Suza yielded to the French 104 Sweden (King of) Mediator of the Treaty at Reswick 158 T. TAlbot, Colonel sent to Ireland 47 Tangier quitted by King Charles 35 Tariars routed by the Poles, near Caminieck 131 Temp●e Sir William, Commended 6 Thames waer Ba●le 1●5 Thou'on Fleet ●omes safe to Breast 151 Tirconels actions in Ireland 62 He fills the Army with Irish papists 47 and 48 He dies at Limerick 114 Titul taken by he Turks 1●6 Torrington A●miral, beaten by the French 88 Triumphant volley at the taking of Namure 144 Transilvania reduced by the Duke of Lorraine 65 W. WAllis G. takes Segedin 5● Warradin great, taken by General Heusler 1●6 Water●●o●● and Duncanon Fort yielded to King William 95 Wheeler, Sir Frances, Ship wracked, and lost 134 Widin Battle 80 And taken Ib William King lands in Ireland 87 He is wounded 91 He goes to England 97 His speech to the Congress at the Hague 111 His speech to the Parliament in October 1963 133 His speech to the Parliament. In October 1965. 148 He returns to England 165. His solmne reception in the City of London 165. Waldeck prince beaten by the French at Cambrun 116. He dies 127 Wirtemberg, Duke of, routed and taken by the French: 125. Wolsley Colonel, routs the Irish at Cavan 89. V VAlenciennes taken by the Fr: 3. Valona taken by General Cornaro. 109 He dies there Ib Vau●em●nt, Prince of, his brave retreat 141 Veterani General routs the Turks ●ui●e at Scinta. 58. He is Kiled at Lugos Battle 147. Vic●grade taken by the Turks 50. Vien●●a Siege 36. Villana ye●●ded to the French 117. Villerny Duke, General of the French Army 140. He attempts to relieve Namur. but sails of doing it 143. Orgell yielded to the French 116. Y. YOrk, Duke of, leavs England. 21. He return●s 24. He goes Commisioner to Scotland, Ib makes the Test there 31. Ypre taken by the French 5 Z. ZEnta, a bloody battle 162 A terrible slaughter of Turks Ib FINIS.