THE ARRAIGNMENT OF THOMAS HOWARD Duke of NORFOLK, BEFORE THE Earl of SHREWSBURY Lord High-STEWARD of ENGLAND. ALSO, A Brief Derivation of the most Honourable Family of the HOWARDS.  
With an Account of what Families they are Related to by Marriages. Transcribed out of Ancient Manuscripts, never before Published.  
Printed by Nathaniel Thompson at the Entrance into Old Spring-Garden near Charing-Cross, MDCLXXXV.   

To the High and Mighty PRINCE HENRY Duke of NORFOLK. Earl Marshal of ENGLAND, Earl of Arundel, Surrey, Norfolk and Norwich Baron Howard, Mowbrey, Seagrave, Brews of Cower, Fitzallen, Warren, Chun, Oswaldestry, Maltrevers, of Cales, Graystock, Farnival, of Sheffield, and Howard of Castle-Rising. Constable and Governor of His Majesty's Royal Castle of Windsor. Lord Warden of Windsor Forest. Lord Lieutenant of the County of Norfolk, Surry, and Berks, and of the City of Norwich, and County of the said City. And Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, etc.  
My Lord,  
AS Your Grace is the Chief of Your Illustrious Family, it would appear as rudely, Improper to Dedicate this Discourse to any other, as perhaps it doth an unbecoming presumption to present it to the Honour of Your hands, and since there is no avoiding a Crime; the least must be admitted, for which I hope to obtain a Pardon with less Difficulty, from that excessive Coodness which is your Character, than I have had to Collect these scattered Papers (slubbered with Antiquity) which were long preserved in Your Family, and hastily thrown into this posture by  
My Lord Your Grace's Most Humble and Most Faithful Servant J. Lacy.   

THE ARRAIGNMENT OF THOMAS HOWARD Duke of NORFOLK, BEFORE THE Earl of SHREWSBURY Lord High-STEWARD of ENGLAND.  
THe Names of the Lords Summoned by Thomas Edward's Sergeant at Arms; who being Called; came and sat, down in their Places appointed: They that sat on the Right-hand of the Steward, are Noted with the Letter A. and they that sat on the Lefthand, with the Letter B. 

Earls  
Kent A.  
Worcester B.  
Sussex A.  
Huntingdon B.  
Warwick A.  
Bedford B.  
Pembroke A.  
Hartford B.  
Leicester A.   

Lords,  
Clinton A.  
Howard of Effingham B.  
Burghley A.  
Grey of Wilton B.  
Monjoy A.  
Sands B.  
Wentworth A.  
Bourghrave B.  
Mordant A.  
St. john's B.  
Rich A.  
North B.  
Shandois A.  
St. john's of Bostock B.  
Buckhurst A.  
De la Ware B.    
Then was Robert Catlin Lord Chief Justice of England, commanded to return his Precept upon Peril; which being returned, was read, Statute Issues, and then the Lieutenant of the Tower was called to return his Precept, and to bring forth his Prisoner the Duke of Norfolk: Then was the Duke brought to the Bar, between Sir Owen Hopton Lieutenant, and Sir Peter Carew; and next Sir Peter, stood one holding the Tower-Axe with the edge from the Duke.  
The Duke immediately at his coming to the Bar, perused all the Lords, first on the Right-hand of the Steward, then on the Lefthand; and the Lieutenant delivered in his Precept, Versus Thomas Ducem Norfolk, etc. And then was Proclamation made, every man to keep Silence; and Mr. Sands spoke to the Prisoner in this manner.  
Thomas Duke of Norfolk late of Kennington in Norfolk, hold up thy thy Hand; which done, he read the Indictment, the effect whereof was, That He the 22th. of September Anno Dom. 1570. did Traitorously Compose and Imagine to put to Death our Sovereign Lady the Queen, to raise Rebellion, to Subvert the Commonwealth, and to stir up Foreign Enemies to invade this Realm, and to Levy War against the Queen; for that he knew Mary late Queen of Scots to have claimed the Crown of this Realm, and to have Named herself Queen of England, and bore the Arms of our Queen without difference; did the 22th. of Semptember Anno predict' before and after Compose and Imagine to deprive, destroy and put to Death our Sovereign Lady the Queen, to raise Rebellion, to subvert the Commonwealth, and to stir up Foreign Enemies to Invade this Realm, and to Levy War against the Queen; for that he knew Mary late Queen of Scots to have Claimed the Crown of this Realm, and to have Named herself Queen of England, and bore the Arms without difference, did the 22th. of September Anno predict' before and after, without the Consent of our said Queen sent divers Tokens and Letters to the said late Scottish Queen, and lent her divers Sums of Money, and received divers Tokens from her, contrary to the Commands of the Queen, and contrary to his own Submission and Promise under his Hand and Seal; and that He knowing the late Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, the Northerns Markenfield and others, which had Levied War against the Queen the 16th. of November Anno predict' and had Assembled to them the number of 1000 persons, and then fled the 12th. of December Anno predict' into Scotland, and there were received by the Duke of Castol, Herald Lord Hun, and there pursued by the Earl of Sussex. He, on the 7th. of August Anno predict' did send before and after Money unto them, and that he being Adherent to the Pope, the Queen's Enemy, the 10th. of March Anno Reginae, did Consent and Consult with Robert Rodulph Merchant Stranger, and the Pope 's Factor, to have Money from the Pope, and the Duke of Alva, and that they should send an Army to Invade the Realm, to deliver the said Scottish Queen. And further, whereas the said Robert Rodulph had written in the Name of the said Duke three Letters, one to the Pope, the second to King Philip, and the third to the Duke of Alva; the said Duke sent his Servant to the Ambassador of King Philip, to desire him to Certify the Pope, King Philip, and the Duke that he allowed of the same Letters; and that they should be taken as sent from him, which was so agreed; but the said Robert Rodulph who delivered the Duke of Norfold 's Ciphers, whereof he carried one Copy to Rome; whereby each might Certify others, and likewise required of the said Duke what time the Aid should arrive, that they might be provided: And further, that the said Duke did receive Letters from the said Pope with Promise of the said Aid: And also that he did send Comfort to the Lord Ferris and other Scots the Queen's Enemies, etc. Which Indictment being read, Mr. Sands said to the Duke; How sayest thou Thomas Duke of Norfolk, art thou guilty of these Treasons, or not guilty?  Duke, 
The hearing of this Indictment gives me occasion to make Request, which I did not intent to have done: Which is to have Council Assigned me, if the Law will permit it?  Catlin, 
You must have none.  Duke, 
That's very severe, I was told the Indictment was only concerning matters contained in the Statute of the 25th Edward the III I have had very short warning, not more than 14 hours, night and all; I am no Lawyer, and there is many circumstances in which I must submit myself to the Opinion of the Justices, I could not have Books to inform myself, and direct, but must Fight without Weapons: Yet I have heard in the Cause of Mr. Humphrey Stafford in the time of Henry the VII. in a Case of Treason, had Council Assigned him.  Dyer, 
The Case you speak of, was concerning the pleading of a Sanctuary by prescription.  Duke, 
I must submit then to your Judgements, I must plead for my Life, Lands, Goods, and Children, and for that which I esteem much more Dear to me, my Honour and Honesty, my Blood will Cry aloud for Vengeance, if I am Condemned Unjustly. One Request I make to you my Judges, to tell me if the Indictment be perfect in all, or in part; and in what part, that thereto I may give my Answer.  Catlin, 
The Cause being true, the Indictment is sufficient.  Duke, 
I should know whether they are all Treasons or no?  Sands, 
How sayest thou Thomas Duke of Norfolk, art thou Guilty of these Treasons, or not Guilty?  Duke, 
Not Guilty?  Sands, 
How wilt thou be Tried?  Duke, 
By God and my Peers; I am in a great Consternation at the Treasons that's imputed against me, but am comforted by the Justice of the Queen in giving me that Trial which the Law alloweth me, and it is such as I require; But this Suit I make to the Lords, that I may have Justice, and not be oppressed with Un-necessary Diversities; my Memory is ill of itself, and rendered much worse by evil usage, since my severe Imprisonment. I pray God I may forgive it: And concerning you my Peers, I hope I may call it my Happiness that I shall be Tried by You, in whose Hands I must put my Life; and I think I dare into the single Hands of a great many of you, whom I know profess Religion, and I hope will not burden your Consciences contrary to Law and Justice, depending upon the clearness of my Innocence, I would not take a needless and cowardly Flight, I have what I expected and wished, a Trial; I crave it with Justice, and must confess I have neglected my Duty in matters under Treason; I desire those Omissions be not imputed as Treasons.  Sergeant Berham, 
This Indictment contains three several matters of Treason. First, It is by Deprivation of the Queen's Majesty. The second, Is the Relief of the Rebels in England. The third, The assistance of the Scots the Queen's Enemies. To prove the first, there are two matters of Fact declared in the said Indictment. First, knowing the Scottish Queen to have claimed the Crown, he hath attempted Marriage with her: Also, the Conspiracy to procure Foreign Power to Invade the Realm, doth prove him Guilty of the matter.  Duke, 
The Duke interrupting him, said, Mr. Sergeant, You begin, as I thought you would, in laying the matters of the Marriage, and other things to my Charge, which are not Treason, to exasperate the matter; you may do your Duty, but yet Conscientiously; and (than something smiling) I should speak one thing which I had almost forgot; A man suspected is half Condemned; I have been charged with an Oath, I protest I took the Oath, as I shall prove; I Pray let it not be laid out to my Discredit. They desired it.  Barham, 
He that would marry with one that claimeth the Crown, hopeth to aspire to the same; This matter began at such a time as the Duke was one of the Commissioners for hearing the Cause between the late Scottish Queen and the Lords of Scotland, at which time the Duke took an Oath to deal therein directly, to weigh indifferently occasions and Answers; wherein notwithstanding he dealt indirectly, thereby committing Perjury, and disclosing the Queen's secret Counsels; if you deny it, I'll prove it.  Duke, 
This Case hath divers parts, not within the compass of Treason.  Burham, 
I demand if you know the claim?  Lord Steward, 
Your Grace must Answer directly.  Gerrard, 
After (upon viewing Sergeant Burham and the Queen's Attorney,) the Duke Confessed the Claim, but not the Contrivance, etc.  Burham, 
He showed the Contrivance by her Refusal to acknowledge the Queen's Majesty to be the Lawful Queen.  Duke, 
I did not approve it, but I must defend her doing it, she having a Husband, did it; which at the Request of Throgmorton was left by the Queen; she hath since entered into League with her, professing great Friendship, and has Christened her Child.  Burham, 
But she has not yet renounced her Claim, and yet you have as far dealt with her as being the Queen's Commissioner, to hear the matter opened to her, the Accusations; You gave Instructions how she should deal that matters might not come to light; and conferred with the Bishop of Ross about the same. For proof whereof was showed the Examination of the Bishop taken the 6th. of November one thousand five hundred seventy one, declaring that the Duke discocovered to him all that he knew of that business, and promised what help he could, etc. But he spoke nothing of the Marriage, but referred all to Luddington, who had caused the Duke to stay the Conference, and showed unto him her good Will, and how she was set to accompany the Earl of Murray to Convey the Queen, where he showed that the Duke did Advertise him, that they did go about to Degrade the Scottish Queen with the People of England, that she might be the less able to attempt any thing against the Queen of England; And these matters the Duke answered at large, the effect was.  Duke, 
Luddington only moved the Marriage to him, which He at that time refused: That he only told the Bishop of Ross he could not condescend to that Proposition; and as her Circumstances were stated, it would neither be for her Honour, nor His; He desired the Bishop of Ross might be sent for: Then was showed a Letter of the Bishops, wherein was contained, That it was appointed the Earl of Murray should be Murdered in the North, going into Scotland; But the Duke having Discoursed with him at Hampton-Court about the Marriage, to which he consented, the intended Murder was also stopped: There was also a Letter to the Duke showed, moving the Marriage at that time, and that it should be for the Advantage of his Family to Marry the Queen, who proposed her Son should also Marry the Lady Margaret Howard the Duke's Daughter, which Argument inclined the Duke to it: Yet when it was rumoured that he designed the Marriage of the Scottish Queen, he appeared much offended, and told the Queen of it, and seemed to dislike her for her former Marriages; And said, the whole Revenues of the Crown of Scotland, the Ordinary Charges deducted, was not so Considerable as his Estate in England; and that he thought himself as great a Prince in his Bowling-Alley at Norwich, as if he were King of Scotland; this was affirmed by Mr. Burham, that he heard the Queen's Majesty speak it, and by the Dukes own Examination taken the sixth of November proved plainly: It was further showed, that at Treachfield he had Commandment not to proceed any further in that Marriage; and yet it was apparent he had treated about it, though he had declared to Banister an ill Opinion of the Queen, and said, he believed she was privy to the Murder of her Husband.  Duke, 
These are far fetches Mr. Burham, and come short of proving a Deprivation of the Queen, and Destruction of her Person: when the Marriage was proposed to me, I made several Objections against it, though without any unjust or unbecoming Reflections upon that great Princess, whose Virtue is above Calumny; But my Lord Leicester, who persuaded me to the Marriage also, told me of the Queen's Consent, and advised me to proceed in the Treaty, and leave the Mannagement to him, who would attend an opportunity to Discourse it with the Queen, whom he knew he could dispose to it.  Burham, 
To come nearer to you, it appears you have gone about to procure it by Force, and Conspired to have taken the Tower; which if true, you must grant the Destruction of the Queen's person: For the jealousy of a Kingdom is such, that it will not admit of a Rival: Then some Letters of the Dukes were read, and several long Letters written by the Queen of Scots, from whence it is inferred the Duke, did not pursue the Marriage for Love of the Queen of Scots, but for the Ambition of the Crown of England.  Duke, 
Your Conclusions and Inferences are ill applied, 'tis true one came to me and advised the taking of the Tower, which I refused, and disliked.  Burham, 
Why then did you Consult the Earl of Pembroke about the same.  Duke, 
To tell him what had been Proposed to me, was not to Consult him.  Gerrard, 
You took a Knife and cut down a Green Vine with this saying, Virescit vulnere virtus.  Duke, 
Why, what do you gather from thence?  Burham, 
The use is not to cut Vines whilst they are Green that should grow again.  
It was also objected, That when the Queen's Majesty had demanded of the Queen of Scots, certain Castles in her Possession, which the Rebels delivered; the Duke advised the contrary, and went about to procure the Queen of Scots her Liberty, and that Ross opened the Window; and after he had promised and given it under his hand never to Treat about the Marriage any more, he held Correspondence with the Queen of Scots and her Friends: Then they showed him a Prophecy by Hiekforth, which was this, In exaltatione Lunae lo deprimitur, Leo Leon● conjungitur & semen eorem Regnabunt; which was proved by the examination of Hickforth, to whom the Duke had showed it, terming it a Foppish Tale.  Duke, 
By which you see I did not esteem it. Then one Candish was brought in, who was Sworn; the Substance of his Evidence was, That being at South-hampton with the Duke, he advised him to endeavour to obtain the Queen's Favour and Consent to the Marriage; He answered, He would have her, or it should cost him his Life: And another time the Duke and the Lord Lumley being together at howard's Palace, with that the Duke turning towards him, said, Canst thou accuse me of any thing? I defy Thee and the Devil, to which he answered.  Candish, 
I can accuse him of nothing, but the Marriage: And that at Kenning-Hall he did say to him, That there was nothing to undo us, but the rising of the Northern Lords; If they should then rise, I further asked, if the Queen were dead, that he may procure my Brother Candish to be of his side.  Duke, 
All which the Duke positively denied, and declared how little Credit the same Candish was of, that he had often Relieved him, and given him Money, and that he was one of no Estimation, as the business between him and Mr. Christmas did sufficiently testify.  
It was also said, That the Duke sent one Travers to the Earls, desiring them not to Rise; for if they did, they were utterly undone; but this and much more was without proof: There was also a Letter produced from the Queen of Scots to the Duke, written in Ciphers, which was Deciphered and read, declaring her Sorrow for his Disappointments.  Duke, 
The Duke answered, That all these things were unlikely, nor would he have thus proceeded, if he had, (as he is charged,) Imagined and Contrived the Deprivation of the Queen; and the chiefest Evidence against him, was by Radolph and Bracton, who was not to be Credited for a Witness: He also said, that Trevers went not to the Earls with any such Message, and that he never offered to fly, which one Guilty would have done; nor did he ever esteem those Earls so much as to Trust them with his Life.  Gerrard, 
Thus have you heard the attempt of the Marriage proved, and to prove the Deprivation of the Queen, was the dealing with the Pope, King Philip, and the Duke of Alva, for the bringing in of Foreign Power to Land here (which God hath revealed) most wonderfully, according to that saying, Nill est tam occultum quod non revelabitur: At the first opening of the business, it could not be known whom it concerned; Then by opening of a Bag of 600 l. Sealed with Letters in the same to Sherbury for 50 l. which was opened by some of the Council at London: The Queen and Council understood the whole matter at Easter by the Letters directed to Quadrantus and Trantus, but who that signified could not be known till of late, for it appears by Quadrantus is meant the Duke, and by Trantus another Nobleman, this Secret is now found out by Ciphers hid in the Tiles, and Letters described by Hickforth, commanded by the Duke to be Burnt, found under the Mats going into the Duke's Chamber; These matters are to be proved by those that are neither Indicted nor Convicted of Treason.  Duke, 
There was not a Letter of mine that contained a Syllable of Treason; and if the malice of ill men hath contrived any thing that deserves blame, 'tis fit they should bear their own burden, and not lay Crimes upon my Shoulders to lessen their load.  Gerrard, 
You had Conference yourself with Radolph for bringing in 10000 men out of Flanders to be Landed at Berwick, whereof 3000 should be Horsemen; For proof whereof, was read the Examination of Barker.  
It was further showed, that the Bishop of Ross and H● had Conference together about these matters, and concerning Letters sent by the Duke of Norfolk to the Duke of Alva and the Pope, and King Philip, but the Duke had refused to Subscribe them; Then was it advis▪ d by the Bishop of Ross, that he should send Barker his Man to the Spanish Ambassador to tell him, the Duke was well Contented with those Letters, and that they should be taken as his own, and that the Ambassador should certify so much from him.  Duke, 
My memory is too weak to answer to a heap of matters huddled up I know not how, having nothing but Truth and Ignorance to support me; and you are four of the Queen's Council, who have Notes, and the faculty of flourishing upon them; and it is hard for me to answer all of a sudden, and may (through the defect of Memory and the surprise of an accused Innocence) omit that which might be easily answered: It was very unlikely and extremely untrue, that I should deal with the Pope; I had rather be drawn in pieces with wild Horses, than change from that Faith which I was brought up in from my Youth; and for Landing an Army at Harwich, it is well known how impossible it is for an Army to March in that Country, which is all Ditches, and Woods: If I had designed such a matter, I would have made Provision of Arms and Powder; I have not bestowed 10 l. of any Armour these ten years, except it were eight Corslets of proof; I have no Cullivers in my House, and I am sure not three Barrels of Powder; And if I had designed any such thing, I would have been provided otherwise than I was, neither would I have sent Barker of such a Message, but rather have Trusted my Hand to the Letters, than to have put Words into his Mouth 〈◊〉 being one of no Credit with me; and if I woul● 〈◊〉 framed such a Message, I would sooner have 〈…〉 Banister than 20 Barkers.  
Then was showed a Letter from the Bishop o● 〈◊〉 to the Scottish Queen about the Marriage; there was also a Letter from the Duke to Radolph, written with Okier, since he was in the Tower, bidding him burn the Bag of Letters which Barker had put in a certain place, and to lay up Ross's, whom the Law could not touch, because he was an Ambassador.  Duke, 
I had heard that he had Accused divers; and when I perceived there was such Searching, I gave that advice for avoiding of Trouble, though the Letters were insignificant.  
There was also a Letter from the Duke, which expressed that he could not be charged with any Crime; and if he loved his Life, he should take heed whom he Accused.  Duke, 
By which my Innocence appears?  
Brumly showed Letters from Radolph, sent by Bayley Ross' Servant; by which it appeared that the Duke D' Alva liked the matter, and enquired how far Harwich was from London.  
Brumley further said, the whole Conspiracy was opened at Antwerp to the Ambassador of a Foreign Prince; who acquainted his Master, who had written the whole Discourse to the Queen; which because it concerned others as well as the Duke, should only be opened to the Lords of the Privy Council.  Duke, 
This is a Mystery that I know not how to Reply to, unless that part of it which concerned me were discovered.  
Then Mr. Milbourn made a formal Discourse for the Credit of the Depositions of the Duke and others.  Duke, 
I know not how to come after so smooth a Tale as the Attorney of the Court of Wards has told, yet he reflects nothing, what fear and promised Reward might prevail upon Timorous and Mercenary minds; But I refer you unto Bracton for Discrediting and disproving those Witnesses.  Catlin, 
In such Matters and Cases of Treason, the Depositions of Strangers may be taken, and it lies in the Breasts of the Peers to Credit the same as they shall see Cause; and to proceed to the second point of Treason specified in the Indictment, which was the Aiding the Rebels after they were fled.  Duke, 
There is little danger in a discerned Enemy; yet I never relieved any of them.  Catlin, 
Then for the third point of Treason contained in the Indictment, for Assisting the Scottish Rebels the Queen's Enemies by Letters from the Duke to Banister, and from Banister to Luddington, and from Luddington to Radolph; and by the Examination of Banister, and by the Bag of Money delivered to Sherbury with Letters in the same Bag, as it was before declared by Mr. Gerrard.  Duke, 
I desire the Opinion of the Judges, If the Subjects of another Prince (the Prince not being in War with the Queen, may be accounted the Queen's Enemies.  Catlin, 
That might well enough be seen, for the Queen might make War with a Duke in France, and have Peace with the French King.  Shrewsbury, 
have you ought else to say?  Duke, 
I depend upon Truth and Innocence, which I hope will outweigh the Malice and Artifice of my Enemies, and I also hope my Judges will consider the Invalidity of the Evidence against me; the persons being of no Credit nor Reputation: And for the Marriage I Treated in it with the Queen's Consent and Appointment; and afterwards suspended it (though several Letters and Arguments were directed to me concerning it.)  Shrewsbury, 
Lieutenant of the Tower, withdraw the Prisoner a while, then was Silence Proclaimed.  Shrewsbury, 
My Lords, here you have heard that Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk has been Indicted of divers points of Treason, and has Pleaded not Guilty, and has put himself upon the Trial of God and his Peers; You are now to Consider upon the whole Evidence which you have heard, whether he be Guilty or not Guilty, and to speak your minds upon your Honours and Consciences, and so bid them withdraw together and return as soon as they could; which they did to a place for that purpose where the Chancery is now kept; and there consulted in the sight of all; Then the Lords being Returned and sat in their places, the Earl of Shrewsbury Lord High Steward of England commanded the Duke to be placed further out of Hearing of them; then he asked aloud, first to the youngest Lord, saying, what say you my Lord De la Ware, is Thomas Duke of Norfolk guilty of these Treasons; yea, or no, who standing up, answered, Guilty; then the same was asked of all the Barons and Earls one after another, beginning at the Youngest; and so to the Eldest in Degree; and all said Guilty. Then the Lord High Steward commanded the Prisoner should be brought to the Bar, who being placed, the Earl of Shrewsbury Lord High Steward said. Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk, thou hast been Accused of divers Treasons, and hast Pleaded against all not Guilty; and hast put thyself upon God and this Peers, who have all declared thee Guilty; what canst thou say now, that Judgement may not proceed against thee.  Duke, 
The great God and my own Innocence be between me and my False Accusers.  
Then was there a profound Silence a good while; after which the Tower Axe was turned towards the Duke.  Burham, 
May it please your Lordship to understand, That Thomas Howard late Duke of Norfolk has been Indicted of several Treasons, and hath thereunto Pleaded not Guilty; and thereupon hath put himself upon the Trial of God and his Peers; and they have found him Guilty: I am therefore to pray your Judgement in the behalf of our Gracious Sovereign Lady the Queen.  Shrewsbury, 
Thou Thamas late Duke of Norfolk hast been Indicted of several Treasons, and thereunto hast Pleaded not Guilty, and hast put thyself upon the Trial of God and thy Peers, and hast been by them found Guilty. Therefore our Court and the Queen doth Award, That thou shalt be lead from hence to to the Tower, and thence to be drawn through the midst of London to Tyburn, and there to be Hanged, until thou art half Dead, thy Bowels to be taken out and Burnt before thy Face, thy Head to be Cut off, and thy Body quartered, and thy Head and Quarters to be at the Queens Will and Pleasure, and our Lord have Mercy on thy Soul.  Duke, 
You have said unto me as unto a Traitor, God forgive you, and wash my Innocent Blood from your Souls, that it rise not in Judgement against you: I condemn not you, and yours; I die no Traitor, but a True man, both to my Queen and Country: And since you have put me out of your Company, I hope to go where I shall find much better, who will regard that Innocence which you have rejected. I am at a point never to beg for Mercy where I have no Gild, but the Suit I have to you my Lords, is, that you will move the Queen to be good to my Children and Family, and to see the Discharge of my Debts.  
Thus fell that Illustrious Prince, whose greatness in Estate and Title was his only Crime, for being of an Ancient and Splended Family, the Blood-Royal of England and France not being out of his Veins, and being Allied to all the Considerable Families of England, and having an Estate to support that Greatness, of a hundred thousand Pounds a year; Besides the Fortunes he obtained by his Marriages, which was also very large: All his Paternal Estate was disposed of by the Queen, without regard to the Innocence of his Children, the hard measure of his Accusations, and his Obedience, which led him to the pursuit of Her Commands upon all occurrences: Which Estate, as it is divided, and Improved, is valued at five hundred thousand Pounds a year. My Lord of Leicester, who was the Leading man at that time, (and sat with watchful Diligence) at the Helm, which he managed as his Interest or Passion inspired him: First proposed the Marriage of the Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk; which he refused, till importuned by the Persuasions of those that appeared to be his Friends, and assured by a Letter under Queen Elizabeth's own Hand of Her Consent; all which ensnared him till the Consummation of the Marriage; which was made evident by a Letter kept long in the Family from the Hands of the Queen of Scots, in which she Subscribed herself, Your most Obedient Wife, Mary of Scotland and Norfolk: And this great Family thus Eclipsed, remained under the Cloud of a severe Deprivation, till the last King Charles of Blessed Memory, restored them to their former Titles and Dignities; that excellent Prince considered their long and silent Sufferings, with what forwardness most of them engaged their Lives and Fortunes in the Service of his Royal Father; there being but two of all that great and numerous Family that drew a Sword against their King; may those two be Buried in the dull ashes of Oblivion for ever, and wip▪ d out of our way, as perhaps they are out of the Book of Life.  

A Brief Account of the Noble Family of the HOWARDS.  
THe Family of the Howards came into England with the Saxons, being from a vast length of time very considerable in that Country, having the Title of Barons, and the Name in that Language being Hoffwerd, as some Ancient Books there Testify, which signifies the chief Office in the Court: William the Conqueror found them in a great Condition of Estate and Quality here, according to the Mode and Method of those Times, bearing Distinctions proper to Barons: They continued most Eminent in their Country, and linked themselves into the greatest Families in the Kingdom, as with all Evidence appears, behold here.  

A Brief Account of the Descent of the Dukes of NORFOLK.  
THomas of Brotherton, second Son of King Edward the First by Margaret of France his second Wife, was Earl of Norfolk and High Marshal of England, whose Daughter and Heir being Married to John Lord Segrave, was created Duchess of Norfolk; and Elizabeth their Daughter and Heir being Married to John Lord Mowbrey, was Mother to Thomas Mowbrey created Duke of Norfolk by King Richard the Second in the year one thousand three hundred ninety seven, and first Earl-Marshal of England: Which Thomas by Elizabeth his Wife, Sister and Heir of Thomas Fitzallen Earl of Arundel, was Father of John Mowbrey Second Duke of Norfolk, and of Margaret his Eldest Daughter, Wife to Sir Robert Howard Knight, whose Son John Mowbrey the Third Duke of Norfolk, was Father of John the Fourth Duke of Norfolk; whose Daughter and Heir Dying without Issue in the Reign of King Edward the Fourth: The Honours and Lands of Mowbrey were divided between John Lord Howard Son of Sir Robert Howard and Margaret Mowbrey, who was Created Duke of Norfolk by King Richard the Third, and William Lord Berkley Son of Isabel Second Daughter of Thomas Mowbrey First Duke of Norfolk: This John Lord Howard Duke of Norfolk was slain at the Battle of Brosworth one thousand four hundred eighty five, and Attainted, leaving Thomas Howard Earl of Surry his Son: Who in the fifth year of King Henry the Eighth, was Restored Duke of Norfolk; and Dying, Thomas Howard his Son was Duke of Norfolk, and Father of Henry Earl of Surry, who was Beheaded the last of Henry the Eighth; which Henry Earl of Surry was Father of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk, who was Beheaded and Attainted for the Marriage of the Queen of Scots the Fourteenth year of Queen Elizabeth; whose Son Philip (Earl of Arundel in right of the Mother) died in the Tower, his Son Thomas the great Lord Marshal (whose memory is a lasting Honour to his Family) left his Son Henry of unblemished Honour and Reputation also, whose Son Thomas was restored by the last King Charles the Second of Happy and Glorious Memory, to the Dignity of Duke of Norfolk, whose Brother Henry survived him, and left two Sons, Henry the present Duke of Norfolk, and the Lord Thomas Howard, who hath Issue.  
This flourishing Family has spread itself into many Eminent Branches, as the Lord Viscount Stafford, the Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire, the Lord Escrick, the Earl of Carlisle, and the rest of the Descendants from the Lord William Howard of Naworth, whose Memory is to be preserved as Sacred in the Family, who for Wisdom, Virtue and Honour, was the Glory of his Time; he was Third Son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, whose Trial and Unfortunate Death you have here had a view of; the Sons of which Lord William Howard, were men of great Honour, and served their King with their Lives and Fortunes; his Second Son Sir Francis Howard, having raised a Regiment at his own proper Charge, and suffered a long Imprisonment in the Tower. Colonel Thomas Howard the Fourth Son of the Lord William, also raised a Regiment for King Charles the First of Sacred Memory, and Bravely lost his Life at the Head of it; having refused very Advantageous Conditions from the King of Portugal, who had invited him into his Service, he being a Soldier of long Experience Abroad, and much esteemed for his Courage and Conduct, and detained here by the Commands of his Prince, whom his Honour, Religion and Conscience obliged him to obey; he fell (a willing Sacrifice for the Service of his Prince) to the rage of the Rebels.   

Here is also an Account of such Families as are Descended from the House of Howard, taken in the year 1660.  
BY the Daughter and Heir of Sir John Howard, who was of the same Family with the Duke of Norfolk, and Married to John Vere Earl of Oxford; are descended by the Heirs of Wingfield, and of Nevil Lord Latimer, the Families of Wingfield now remaining, Percy Earls of Northumberland, Cecil Earl of Salisbury, Danvers late Earl of Danby, who quarter's the Arms of Howard; Norris late Earl of Berkshire, the Lord Pawlet of Somersetshire, and many other Noble Families, namely the Ancient and Honourable Family of the Lacies, and from John Howard first Duke of Norfolk of that Name, by his Daughter Married to Windham, and from them by Lutterel and Rogers descended the Marquis of Hartford, the Lord Seymor, and many other Ancient Families in the West; and by other Daughters, the Families of Knivet and Gorges: From Lord Edmond Howard Third Son of Thomas Second Duke of Norfolk is descended the Lord Arundel of Warder; From the said Thomas Second Duke of Norfolk are descended first all those of the House of Nottingham and Iffingham, and from them by Daughters the present Marquis of Winchester, the Earls of Mulgrave and Peterborough, the Viscount Mordant, the Lord Fairfax, and many other Eminent Families. By his Daughter Married to the Earl of Derby, are descended at this day the Earls of Derby, Bridgewater, the Lord Sturton, Morley, Dudley, Stafford, Shandois, Powis, and many other Noble Families. By his Daughter Married to Sir Rice ap Thomas, the Earls of Carbary, and many other Noble Families in Wales are descended.  
By his Daughter married to Sir Thomas Bullen Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond are descended, the Families of Carie Earls of Dover and Monmouth, the Viscount Faulkland; and by the Daughter of Carries Married to the Family of Knowles, the Earls of Banbury, Northumberland, Essex, Warwick, Holland, Newport, and the Lord Paget, and many others.  
From Thomas Howard Third Duke of Norfolk are descended the Heirs of the Lord Scroop of Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland, the Lord Berkley, and the Heirs of the Viscount Binden.  
From Thomas Howard Fourth Duke of Norfolk, the present Duke of Norfolk, the Viscount Stafford, the Earls of Suffolk, Berkshire, Carlisle, Lord Howard of Escrick, all the Howards of the North, the Earl of Dorset, the late Duke of Richmond; and by Marriage at present many other Noble Families are nearly Allied, as the Earls of Northumberland, Bedford, Salisbury, Devonshire, the Lords Darcy, Sandis, Fairfax of Imulleth, Mac Donell, and many other Ancient and Honourable Families are descended.  
This great Duke of Norfolk whose Trial you have read, first Married the Daughter and Heir of Fitzallen Earl of Arundel, by whom he had Philip, who was Poisoned in the Tower; the Duke's second Marriage was to the Daughter and Heir of the Lord Audley, by whom he had Thomas Earl of Suffolk, and the Lord William Howard of Naworth, who was long detained a Prisoner in the Tower after the death of the Duke. The Duke's third Marriage being to the Widow of the Lord Dacres of the North, who by the said Lord Dacres had two Daughters, Anne and Elizabeth, to whom the Duke Married his two Sons, Philip and the Lord William Howard. Thomas the Great Lord Marshal (who is never to be mentioned without the memory of his Honour) was the Son of Philip Earl of Arundel, and Anne the Eldest Daughter of the Lord Dacres, which Thomas Married the Lady Alathea Talbot, Daughter and Heir to the Earl of Shrewsbury, by whom he had Henry Lord Matrevers, and William Viscount Stafford, which Henry Married the Lady Elizabeth Stuart Daughter to the Duke to Lenox, and the Lord Viscount Stafford Married the Daughter and Heir of the Lord Baron Stafford; This Henry after Earl of Arundel, left Eight Sons and two Daughters, Thomas who died at Milan, and was restored to the Dukedom, Henry last Duke of Norfolk, Philip Lord Cardinal, Charles a person of much Honour and Integrity, Edward, Francis, Bernard and Esma. Henry, who after the Decease of Thomas, was Duke of Norfolk, Married the Lady Anne Somerset, Eldest Daughter to the Marquis of Worcester, and Sister to the present Duke of Beaufort, by whom he had two Sons, Henry the present Duke of Norfolk, who Married the Lady Mary Mordant Daughter to the Earl of Peterborough; and the Lord Thomas Howard, who Married the Daughter and Heir of Sir George Savil, of the Family of the Marquis of Halifax, by whom he hath Issue: Also the said Duke had two Daughters, the Eldest Married to the Duke of Gordon of Huntly, the youngest to the Marquis of Waperiso. Charles the fourth Son Married Mary the Eldest Daughter, and Co-heir of George Tatershall of Hinshamsted in the County of Berkshire Esquire, a Lady of great Virtue, and extraordinary Parts, of an Ancient and Honourable Family, which came into England with the Saxons, and long retained the Title of Baron, as is recorded by many Authors, by whom he hath a Hopeful Son, named Henry-Charles Howard: Bernard Married to Catharine the Younger Daughter of the said George Tatershall Esq who hath also Issue, one Son Named Bernard and three Daughters. The Lady Elizabeth Teresa the youngest Sister of the last Duke of Norfolk, was Married to Alexander Mac Donell, Eldest Son to Sir James Mac Donell Baronet, and Nephew to the late Marquis of Antrim; by whom she had one Son Named Randal Mac Donell: She after Married to Bartholomew Russel Esq of Seaton in the County of Dublin, of the Family of the Earls of Bedford.  
The Lord Thomas Howard, after Earl of Suffolk, second Son to Thomas Duke of Norfolk, who so unfortunately lost his Life for Espousing the Interest of the Queen of Scots, Married the Daughter and Heir of Sir Ppilip Tenevit, whose Eldest Son Married to the Daughter of the Earl of Dunbar, his Eldest Daughter to the Earl of Salisbury, 〈…〉 〈◊〉 ‑ bury, and the third to 〈…〉 Eldest had many Son's an● 〈…〉 Berkshire being the second 〈…〉 Daughter of Cecil Earl of Sa●●● 〈…〉 Sir Robert Howard of Clun, Marr●●● 〈…〉 Nevil Lord of Abergaveny. The 〈…〉 created Lord Howard of Escrick, Marr●● 〈…〉 of the Lord Butler. One of the D●●●● 〈…〉 said Earl of Suffolk Married Percy Earl o● 〈…〉 ●●●land; another to Boil Earl of frory; one 〈…〉 and another to Walsingham, all of which ha●●●.  
But to return to Philip the Eldest Son of t●● 〈◊〉 William Howard of Naworth, who Married in●●● Family of the Carols, by whom he left one Son ●●led William, who Married the Daughter of the Lord Evers, by whom he had Sons and Daughters, Charles the Eldest Son late Earl of Carlisle having Married the Daughter of the late Lord Escrick Howard, by whom he had Edward the present Earl of Carlisle, who Married the Daughter and Heir of Sir William Udall, by whom he hath a Hopeful Offspring. Also two Daughters, one Married to the Lord Preston, the other to Sir John Fenwick. Sir Philip Howard Brother to the late Earl of Carlisle, Married the Daughter of Sir William Newton, by whom he hath one Son.  
Sir Francis Howard the second Son of the Lord William Howard, Married the Daughter of Sir Henry Widrington, by whom he had Heirs, Francis his Eldest Son Married the Daughter of Sir William Gerrard, by whom he had two Daughters; and after Married the Daughter of John Townly of Townly Esq by whom he hath Issue.  
〈…〉 Son of Sir Francis, Married 〈…〉 Dawson Esq hath Issue also. 〈…〉 ●●ving taken Religious Orders. 〈…〉 ●●ain in the late Wars.  
〈…〉 Son of the Lord William, Mar●●● 〈…〉 ●●●er of Sir Henry Widrington, by 〈…〉 William the Eldest Son being 〈…〉 Daughter and Heir of George Cuning●●● 〈◊〉 by whom he had one Son Charles, who Mar●●●d the Daughter of John Mear Esq. Dorothy the Daughter of Sir Charles Howard Married William S●l●●● of Croxdale in the County of Durham, and hath Issue. Another Daughter Religious.  
Colonel Thomas Howard the fourth Son of the Lord William, who so eminently Served his King, and lost his Life in that Service, Married Margaret Daughter to Sir William Evers, second Son to the Lord Evers, by whom he had one Son named Thomas, and six Daughters; Thomas married the Daughter and Heir of George Heron of Chip-Chace Esq by whom he hath three Daughters. Marry the Eldest Daughter of Colonel Thomas Howard, married Ralph Fetherstonhalgh of Stanop in the County of Durham of an Ancient Family in the North, Margaret and Antonia were Religious, Catharine married to Nathaniel Lacie of Deeping in Lincolnshire Esq whose Family were formerly Earls of Lincoln; and after married to Edward Lacie of Brewry Castle in the County of Limerick Esq descended from the Earls of Ulster in Ireland. Teresa, the youngest Daughter of Colonel Thomas Howard married to Ralph Booth of the County of Durham Esq of an Ancient Family related to the Lord Delamer, bearing the same Name and Arms, who hath Issue.  
Thus hath this Illustrious Family spread itself over the three Kingdoms, and hath acquired so much Glory Abroad, that in all places where Nobility is known and understood, the Name of Howard is Honoured: Germany claims it by its Original, and France by Alliance, Italy by Respect; having had that Object of Honour, Thomas the great Lord Marshal among them, whose Generous and Noble Disposition planted such lasting Obligations there, that even in these present times some of his Descendants have reaped the Benefit. Courage has been so essentially due to this great Family, that never any was known of that Blood, that did not possess an excessive share of that Virtue, which they generally employed in the Service of their Prince, few of them having been in Rebellion; and 'tis wished they may never Sully themselves with so black a Crime, and as they are descended from Princes, so they may Unite themselves in a True Obedience to their Soveveraign, which is the best Defence of Families, nothing being so 〈◊〉 as Faction and Sedition, which has a● all ●imes proved a Canker to consume them.  
FINIS.