A LETTER FROM EDINBURGH, Containing a true and perfect Relation of all the Passages and Proceedings of the late Army, raised in Scotland; By order of Parliament: for the Prosecuting of the Ends of the League and Covenant, concerning Religion, liberty, and His majesty's lawful Authority, by the Well-affected Subjects of that Kingdom, Showing the progress thereof, from the beginning of the Engagement: unto the end of that unfortunate Expedition.  
Written by an eye-witness, who was both an Actor, and Inspector of all men's Carriages, in the march until the Deroute of the Army.  
To a Friend at London, for the better Information of all those who desire to know the plain Truth.  
Printed 12 of November, 1648.   

SIR,  
Being now by the providence of God, got out of the reach of rigour, and fearing neither the doggedness of a jailor nor the Voyage of Barbadoes; but Enjoying the freedom of my former life, and the company of my Friends, knowing also how great a desire you have to hear of me, both in my own particular Fortune, and success of that late Unfortunate Army in the North, I acknowledge myself bound in duty to satisfy your longing, and give you a true and perfect Relation of the progress and Event of that Expedition, But shall remit the Story of mine own Adventures and return, unto another occasion, it being but of small moment, and the other so necessary to be known of every one who loves Truth, of which I may freely say; I can tell as much as any private Person that was in the Journey, for being an eye-witness and Actor from the first Levying of the troops, unto the day of the Desaster, and having haunted the Chief Commanders for my better Information of what passed in the Army, I can the more assuredly give you an exact account of the most material Passages in that Expedition, Wherein I protest before God, I shall strip myself of all Passion and partiality, for the discharge of my Conscience; and defence of the Truth, to give you this free and following Narration, Whatsoever malice may perhaps have blown abroad to poison the Seduced people with misreports.  
I shall not here insist upon the opposition made in the Parliament of Scotland against the levy, nor the jealousy that possessed some, in the choice of the Commanders, as perhaps being men who had their own ends, or aspired to that Domination which others had long usurped, and would be loath to lay down again, both parties still pretending the keeping of the Covenant, and that jealousy was Fomented by the ministry, which every day preached against the Engagement, There was also a party, which not siding with any of the other two, pressed the calling home of the Prince, so to decide all differences, & prevent heartburning in the point of Command, at which time also a black cloud in the West did threaten a deluge to destroy the good design, but that was soon Dissipate by the wisdom and valour of the Earl of Calandar, lieutenant general of the Army, and Middleton lieutenant general of the Horse at Machlinmoore, by order from the Lord Duke Hamilton. And not long after His Grace received order from the Committee of Estates, to march speedily to the English border, for securing of Carlisle, and opposing of Major general Lambert, mean while all the strong holds of the Kingdom as Edinburgh, Sterling, Dumbarton, and the rest were yet in the hands of the well-affected party, (as was supposed) or might have been easily secured, But what difficulties were made concerning the Forces in Ireland, led by general Major George Monro, for the finding of moneys to pay and transport them, it being resolved they should be under the Command of the Earl of Crawford Lindsay Treasurer, I need not to relate, and therefore to begin my journal, take it thus.  
About the beginning of July, His Grace appointed a rendezvous at Annan; where the small number that resorted at first made us stay some few days. Upon the 8 We entered England, and quartered that night at Rokliff, the next day the Army marched by Carlisle, and quartered at Thursby, there the general receiving the keys of the Town, and Castle, from Sir Philip Musgrave, went up into the Castle, and gave order our ammunition should be left there, though the custody of both was still in the hands of the English, for some few days, which showed how great confidence he had in them, at Thursby diverse horse and foot of ours came unto us and we heard that some, both horse and foot were come over out of Ireland, landed in Galloway; and marching toward Dumfries, there also we saw Sir Marmaduck Langdall's foot, and one Troup of horse, which were all proper men, general Major Lambert was then at Penreth, toward which upon Friday the 14 we advanced, but were benighted & came short 2 or 3 miles, yet having got two horsemen prisoners, discovered the Enemy, and so posing our guards it being very late, we quartered there. Next morning early our cavalry advanced (the weather being very rainy) and the foot following, found that Lambert with his Forces was retired that night towards Appleby (in which Castle he had a garrison,) our intention was to overtake his Rear, but we were informed that they were for certain at Appleby, before we were two miles past Penreth, Which made us stay and quarter there that night, and the next day which was Sunday, upou Moonday setting forward toward Appleby with our horse, We discovered a body of Lambert's cavalry, which being pressed upon by some of ours, was forced to retire within the barricade near unto the bridge at Appleby, which our folks could not force for want of the foot, whom the rain and waters did extremely hinder in their march; the Enemy having his foot at the barricade neither could our horse pass the River to reach Lambert's Army which was on the other side, by reason of the great inundation through excessive reins, in the evening some few foot came up to us, and we endeavouring to gain the Bridge were prevented by night, some few of each side being killed and hurt, amongst whom colonel Harison of theirs was wounded, and the Earl of Calandar received a musket shot upon his left side, that night our cavalry remained on the fields, and Sir Marmaduck Langdall's foot came up, but ours stayed at Kirby-Thure, that same night also Lambert marched over Stain-moore. Leaving yet a garrison in Appleby Castle, before which Sir Marmaduck with his foot, lay down till the Surrender thereof, during which time, Sir Thomas Tilsley had a Commission given him, for the raising of Forces in Lancashire, out of Furnis, and their-abouts, the next day the Duke sent back freely a lieutenant to Lambert who had been taken the day before, and disposing the horse into several quarters we stayed there a fortnight waiting for our Cannon ammunition and meal, while we stayed at Kirby-Thure, it was much pressed that the Irish Forces might join with us, and the Cannon be left behind which was not very considerable being but 4 six pound balls, and 2 twelve, in the counsel of war also it was debated whither the Army should march into Yorkshire, to follow Lambert, or through Lancashire, which was a plentiful Country, and into which our ammunition might with greater safety come unto us, the other being wasted and spoiled by the Enemy, at last it was resolved to march into Lancashire, it was likewise propounded to put the Kingdom of Scotland in a Posture of defence, by raising of an Army to be commanded by the Earl of Lanrick. From Kirby-Thure we marched in two days to Kendal, where general Major George Monro a valiant and worthy commander (whose courage and conduct in the wars of Ireland, have with credit gained him an honourable name,) came unto us, and the Duke was again desired those Forces from Ireland might join with us, but what answer or order was given to Monro, himself best knows, howsoever he returned to his own Forces, and we marched from Kendal to Hornby in Lancashire, and there again upon debate of the quartering of the horse, which was extremely straited, it was ordained they should march under the command of the Earl of Calandar and Middleton, leaving two brigades of horse, and the Dukes own leiff-guard to remain with him, upon the rear of the Foot: and the Irish Forces, with Monro, were again urged to be joined with the Army, by showing what danger they might incur, He marching by the enemy's garrisons and from Skipton, if they should fall in betwixt him and us, which was of more consequence than the leaving of the Cannon, We having found the wickedness of the way so troublesome for carriages, that night the cavalry past by the Town of Lancaster, and quartered at Garstang, which was upon the 13 of August, the next morning, I saw his Grace, and the Earl of Calandar, upon a hill, near Lancaster, into which he had sent Sir Thomas Tilsleys folk who were playing with their muskets upon the Castle, and after conference, the Earl of Calandar returned to his quarter at Garstang. Upon the 15 Sir Marmaduck Langdall, gave notice to Calandar and Middleton who were then quartered at Blackburn of the Enemies advancing toward Skipton, and to the Duke also, as Calandar likewise did, whereupon the next morning Calandar and Middleton, meeting with Sir Marmaduck, at the Earl marshal's quarter, some 5 or 6 miles above Preston, he confirmed the intelligence of the Enemies advance, and desired quarters nearer Preston, which was granted, and order given to the Lord Levingston to remove his brigade, as he did, drawing into a field, where the foot was thought to have been, as was concluded before at Hornby, that night Middleton returned to Blackburn, and Calandar going to find the Duke, whom he supposed to be at Preston according as was resolved, by the way was informed that he was 3 miles short of it, and quartered at Broughtoun with the foot, which should have been a Preston that night, which fault was the main ground of all our misfortune, at last Calandar coming to the Duke's quarter late, show him of Sir Marmaduck's drawing nearer Preston, and of the order given to those Regiments of the Lord Levingstouns Brigade to do the like, and how his Grace was expected there with the Army, seeing the safety thereof, depended wholly thereupon, the horse being quartered on the other side, toward Whiggin (except those two brigades, were left with him,) the Duke answered that he could not get carriages for the ammunition, Calandar told him of the enemies advancing, & that some of them had been seen among their friends, as also by some Parties of Horse who were sent out to discover, the Duke confessed he had notice of it, but is was then late, and they should speak of it to morrow, But whither that security proceeded from a confidence, or weakness, in a general God knows. Next morning Calandar coming to him, asked where the army was, he answered that they marched timely in the morning, and he thought by that time they were the length of Preston; (where they should have been the day before) afterward Calandar asked him where were these two brigades of horse which were left with him, he said he had given them no orders, and that they were still lying in their quarters, not having sent any ordinance rutters to receive order, Whereupon I heard Calandar say, he much admired his Grace had caused the Foot to march, and not sent order express to the horse which marched with him, though they had been wanting in that point, Seeing his own safety and the Armies, was so deeply interest into it, and immediately Calandar sent two express (lest the Enemy should fall in betwixt them, as they did:) with orders to those brigades, to march to Preston, and join with the foot, which nevertheless, they could not, after breakfast the Duke called for his horse, it being about nine o'clock, and as he was going to get up, Sir Marmaduck came, where I heard Calandar say, your Grace is too far from your Army, get on before he light, which he did, & so they saluted on horseback riding towards the Army, within twice twelve score, one came and told Sir Marmaduck, that the Enemy was falling upon his rear, (you must know that he had still marched upon our left hand, from his quartering at Settle and Sigelswyk) and thereupon they all fell a galloping, until they came near Preston, to the entry of the lane upon the end of the Moor, where they found lieutenant general Bailiff, with the Foot, drawn up in battle, and all the baggage by him, yet a little before we came to the foot, we were told it was but a mistake, though shortly after the Enemy did appear, and fell a skirmishing with Sir Marmaduck's rear, when Calandar Bailiff and colonel Turner coming to the Duke, after some discourse amongst them, order was given to the Foot to pass the bridge, some of the enemy's horse showing themselves upon the heath on our left hand. Then the Earl of Calandar desired the Duke to send for Middleton with the cavalry, and whilst the foot were marching, the Duke thought fit to leave three brigades upon the Moor to favour Sir Marmaduck's retreat, which Calandar desired his Grace to consider, and that commanded musquetiers would be better in those narrow lanes, whereof the best both of Officers & soldiers might be piked out, and so they were and Calandar commanded out 500 Musquetiers to line the hedges and 600 more further down towards the end of the bridge, (if the enemy's horses should advance) and a brigade consisting of the Earl of Roxburghs regiment, and colonel Tours to favour Sir Marmaduck's retreat, on the other hand two parties of Horse were commanded out of those few troops we had to discover the enemies advance which left but few remaining, by reason of a party had been sent to Sir Marmaduck at his own desire, the two brigades not being come up, for the Lord Levingstouns brigade being pressed by the enemy had past the water marching down on the other side towards Preston bridge, where he came about two of the clock in the afternoon, and having sent before to receive orders the Duke commanded one glass who did the duty of quartermaster general, to give out quarters for his brigade in such Towns as he named, and that after sight of the billet he should march to his quarter, there was likewise, afterward another hundred commanded which the Earl of Calandar desired might stay until they saw whether the enemy did advance toward the Moor, in regard there were so few horse there (the word and sign being then given) but seeing none advanced, that hundred horse with the same officers was sent to Sir Marmaduck, besides 200 musquetiers which had been sent before; though undemanded of him, but the Scots foot and baggage were so long in marching and passing the narrow lane and bridge as spent much time, and ammunition, Sir Marmaduck sending twice or thrice for supply of ammunition which he had, the Duke remained still on the head of those few horse never visiting Sir Marmaduck's post, but Calandar riding to and again, betwixt the horse and foot where the most eminent danger did appear, went up to Sir Marmaduck to know what he wanted (though he had no interest in his Army) the other thanked him kindly and desired to know if the whole Army was past, Calandar told him it was very near, Whereupon Sir Marmaduck entreated him that he might know of it and Calandar assured him he should do it, thereafter it was my fortune to be near the Duke, when Calandar came to him, his Grace asked where he had been, and why he did not stay upon the head of the horse, he answered that he did not conceive the greatest danger to be there in regard the enemy's horse did not advance.  
But let me here stay a little, while the foot and baggage are passing the bridge to consider the reasons given for this Resolution, our cavalry being far distant, and the enemy according to Sir Marmaduck's intelligence, being said to have divided his Forces, whereof some part was marched toward Colne & Manchester, was it not likely that Sir Marmaduck was able to deal with them having betwixt 3 and 4 thousand foot, and 7 or 8 hundred horse, with the assistance of some of our horse which was marching towards us? Or say, was it fit to expose our foot having no horse but a handful to the enemies whole cavalry and Foot, Upon a flat campagne or Moor if his intelligence was false? His grace's great judgement and long experience (having been twice before a general, by sea and land, at home and abroad; together with his earnest desire of that command, notwithstanding the advice of his friends to the contrary, and the jealousy that possessed all men of him, which rather kindled then quench the fire of his high spiritful of his own sufficiency) was no question capable to weigh any counsel in the scales of Reason, whether it were of valour to be taken or not, and therefore I may say in all freedom who ever gave it, was no raw nor freshwater soldier, however the end proved, and now the foot and baggage being almost past the bridge, the Earl of Calandar drew the troops nearer unto it within the lane, where he and colonel Turner (I fortuned to be with them for the time also) riding back to the town's end of Preston toward the bridge, we found a Troup returning from thence upon sight of us, whereat we wondered until by their arms and sign, (which was a green bough) We perceaved them to be enemy (for ours was white) Whereupon the Earl of Calandar called to the Musquetiers to give fire, which though they did not upon the order, yet the Enemy hearing retreated within the lane, and himself advancing gave fire with his pistol upon them and they faced about, So he and I parted about this time I was informed that Captain Watsone who commanded the Duke's lieff-guard of horse doth affirm that he being on Prestoun-moore perceiving the enemy's horse to be drawing out of an narrow lane into the Moor where they stood, he went to his Grace who was close by and show him of it beseeching him to give them leave to charge the enemy before they should be in order, hoping with that advantage, to give him an account of them, but contrair to his expectation the Duke in passion commanded him not to lose a pistol upon no pretext whatsoever, I riding afterward towards the bridge, heard a great noise behind me, the enemy turning again toward the Town and all our people running, coming near I found some stragglers and baggage horse, and after a little while Calandar came alone, his horse much spent & wearied, who gave presently order to Rally these stragglers and rode himself and brought Kelheads Regiment of foot which was upon the rear and said the musquetiers into some dry ditches near the bridge, the pikes he placed in the most Advantageous ground, the enemy advanced presently but our men giving fire upon them they retired again to pursue the rest of our people, who had quited their ground, We not having any Horse and Bailiff being with the foot upon a hill, half a mile distant from the bridge on the other side of the water, than came one to the Earl of Calandar telling him that the enemy was passing the River, below the bridge at a Church, whereupon giving order to Kelhead to make good that post, promising to supply him with fresh men, if it were needful: and having sent before to Bailiff for 300 musquetiers he met them by the way as he was going to the Church and sent lieutenant colonel Halst with one hundred and fresh ammunition to the bridge, another hundred he left upon a little hill betwixt the bridge and the Army, and the third he took along to the Church where it was said that the enemy was passing, where being come he found no such thing, then leaving some to man the churchyard he and colonel Turner, came back and heard that they were passing above which made them rerire to the leaguer where they met the Duke (who told them how narrowly he had escaped, and almost been taken prisoner, in the Town of Preston) and there they were again told of the Enemies passing above, the Earl of Calandar presently called fo● horse, it was long before any came: And these few only of the Lord Kenmoores, with which he drew down to the bridge to second the foot, but the third time being advertised that they were passing above the bridge, he drew towards the place, and sending out three horsemen before, followed with the rest, till on the way those three returning told him there was no such matter, but only some of our own stragglers passing which were routed on the other side, and coming back toward the bridge: he found that the enemy had forced it after a long and hard dispute through the advantage of the ground and cover of houses and hedges, whereas on our side it was very low and no shelter at all, and was pursuing of our folks toward the leaguer, which made him cause a house be set on fire in their way a little below the leaguer, about a musket shot, The day being near spent a small party of the enemy passing by the second bridge followed up the hill within a lane where the Duke, Calandar, Bailiff, and many other Officers were standing on the other side of the hedge within the foot leaguer, the musquetiers having order to give fire, they presently retreated but we had no horse to follow; Kennioores Regiment being retired behind the foot, than a counsel was called, where the Duke, Calandar, Bailiff, colonel Turner, the Earl of Dumfries, the Lord Bargeny, and many other Officers were (Sir Lewis Dives was there likewise) there Calandar inclined to retire to a Moor on this side of Wiggan, where we might expect our horse and attend the enemy to fight them. But afterwards upon some consideration finding the impossibility of transporting the ammunition he altered his opinion (as I heard) and though the most part of the Votes run in that strain yet he upon more mature deliberation, disassented from it, protesting he would bear no blame if things did not succeed according to his wish and real intention. The Duke replied it was concluded and too late to oppose, giving order to the Regiments to send for as much ammunition as they pleased, and that Calandar should march presently with those few horse they had then there toward Standish-moore, the night being very dark, and the lanes narrow and deep, a Regiment of foot which was advanced before the horse Rencountring, some of our own horse who had been quartered with Middleton (and by some of the foot stragglers were supposed to be enemy; upon whom they gave fire) took the alarm so hot that many quited their arms, Whereupon Calandar advanced and found them to be our own, so he marched on to the Moor where he halted till it was day, (that night we left our ammunition) but before that it was day the Duke had past through the troops and was gone to Wiggan, where Calandar and the Earl of Traquair went to him there he asking for Middleton, they told him they had no notice of him but that he was marched towards Preston, and was in the Rear, and that the foot were advancing into the Moor, showing also how necessary his presence was to encourage the soldiers after so ill fortune and hard marches as they had, than he desired Calandar to draw them all up in battle upon the Moor: & he would follow, which was straightway done, & after some time the Duke came, lieutenant general Middleton according to his order advancing toward Preston, and not finding the Army retired after them, and the enemy falling upon his rear he repulsed them diverse times, and forced them to give back, carrying himself most bravely like a gallant man, and wise commander, and came to the Moor about ten o'clock, where he found the foot, and those horse they had with them drawn up, the marquess of Argyles Regiment and the dragoons were placed at the entry of the Moor to favour his retreat, and staying there till two o'clock some small parties of the enemy skirmishing, it was resolved to march, the body of the horse first levying upon the rear of the foot, general Major Vandrosk, lieutenant colonel James Innes, and lieutenant colonel David Lindsay with some troops of horse, together with Argyles Regiment of foot, and colonel Mills few dragoons, in this order the Army marched, and the Earl of Calandar, Middleton, Bailiff, and Turner, stayed upon the Moor, until the most of them were marched into the lane, Middleton then advancing to the horse, Calandar remained till the whole rear of the foot was entered the lane, at which time he had notice given him of the enemies advancing upon the right hand to fall in betwixt the horse and foot, between there & Wiggan, upon the advertisement he advanced to know the certainty, but it proved false in regard of some marish ground, and no appearance of Enemy there, afterward coming to Wiggan he found the Duke, (of whom he went to receive orders) at the further end of the Town marching with the horse, but by the straitness of the lane and narrowness of the bridge, together with the deepness of the way, many of the foot which was extremely wearied having before suffered hugely in the want of victuals was lost, and the horse were a long time in passing the water, so as night drew on when Middleton hearing of the enemy upon the Rear went back and there the Officers of the commanded troops of horse behaving themselves like brave men were most hurt and taken. The Duke sending for Calandar told him he should do well to march on with the cavalry to Warringtoun, where there was a pass and bridge of which he much feared the Enemy should possess themselves, and so bring the Army into great inconveniences, a little after as he was marching, the Duke sent him word he would yet speak with him so he let the troops march on forward thorough the narrow lanes, (it being moonlight) and stayed till the Duke and Sir Marmaduck came up to him, there the Duke again showed him his apprehension of the Enemies seizing upon that pass from the neighbour garrisons, willing him to march without ever halting until he had made himself master of the same, Calandar forthwith sending a party before to discover the Enemy, and save the stragglers, from plundering by reason of the night, (some of Sir Marmaduck's and our● also being gone out before) when we were within a mile of Warrington, we heard that the Enemy had taken in the Bridge, but upon the advance of our fore-troupes had again quited and was run away, before we entered the Town, the Duke and Sir Marmaduck came up, and there lighting his Grace sent order to lieutenant general Middleton, & Bailiff, to advance thither, seeing the next day they were to march to White-Church; and so for the Peak, Calandar gave order for the Horse to rendezvous the next morning at the bridge, the most part being quartered on the other side, but betimes news was brought that the Enemy had routed the Foot, though the general had not heard any thing from bailiff, nor Middleton, about eight a clock at the rendezvous, we heard that the Enemy was passing the River upon our left hand, Whereupon Calandar sent out a party to a ford, and a little after I saw the Duke march by, to the top of the hill where Sir Marmaduck's Horse were, and but few of the Scots Horse were yet come to the rendezvous, there I heard the Earl of Calandar ask colonel Mill, if any of his Dragoons were come up, his answer was, none, by reason they were all dispersed in the evening before, by this time Sir Marmaduck's troops were marching off the hill, and Calandar with his own three troops, and three of the Earl of Errolls, which were all very weak retired to the top of the hill, where he was told that orders were sent to the Foot to make their own conditions, But let me here tell you, that I believe, if that had been propounded to Calandar he would have been as refractory from it, as he was afterwards upon the like occasion concerning the Horse, there he was likewise told that the Duke was marched after Sir Marmaduck, and after some stay there, not hearing any thing he marched after the Duke, supposing the intelligence to be true, Sir Marmaduck marching still on the Van, with his few Horse, and his Rear being pretty-well advanced before the Scots horse, some few of the enemy's Foot lying at a pass sallied out upon certain Stragglers of the Scots, but were presently beat back by the Lord Levingstoun; and Major Drummond, down to their Barricade, having lost some, and others hurt; there Calandar made some troupers' light from their horses, and force their passage, thinking that to be the way, which was not, and therefore we took to the left hand, and followed Sir Marmaduck's troops that were marched on with the Duke, about four miles further at a halt, Middleton came up alone, and after some conference returned, (with great discontent) to his troops showing that the Foot was yielded up at Warrington, we were that night to quarter at White-Church, and upon the march I heard an Officer of quality, propound to the Earl of Calandar, the necessity of thinking upon a Treaty, in regard of the soldiers long and wearisome marches, they being in great disorder and their horses tired, which if he and Middleton would condescend unto, they put no question but the Duke would likewise, but he absolutely refused to hear of it, saying, they were yet a considerable body of Horse with which they might shortly recover an Army of Foot, and that they were within a day and a halfs marching, of a place where they might be in safety to refresh themselves and their Horses, but upon the march we were so hindered with frequent, though false alarms and halts, (no Enemy being near us, but garrisons) that we came short of White-Church, 2 or 3 miles, and quartered in the fields that night near Malpas, in Chesshire, where Sir Marmaduck, Calandar, and Middleton, attended the Duke, resolving from thence to march to utoxater and to so Ashburn, in the Peak, that night diverse Officers left their troops, and rendered themselves prisoners to the Enemy, which did much dishearten the soldiers, diverse Officers likewise of the Foot, who would not accept of the conditions which lieutenant general Bailiff made at Warrington, came up to the cavalry, the next day we marched about a mile beyond Drayton, and quartered in the fields, upon the 12 of August we marched toward utoxater, and coming near Stone a troup of the enemies which lay there, drew out upon the hill on our left hand, we saw also more troops from Staffoord upon our right hand, there at a halt, what pains Calandar and Middleton did take to get the disorderly troops, (whose discontent and disobedience upon their Officers abandoning of them, had forgot all respect unto command) into order, and bring them under their standards, can neither be expressed by me, nor imagined by those who have never seen the like mutiny, yet at length they brought them to it. But by the way between the bridge and Stone, I saw Calandar and Middleton come to the Duke, who show them a letter he had received from the Committee of Shropshire, brought by two Committee men, the tenor of it was to give quarters to the Duke, and his people upon laying down of their arms, whereat they both did much wonder, that a Committee would offer any such thing to an Army, they having no other Forces but their garrisons, (but there was a whispering amongst the troupers, that a trumpet had been sent to the Enemy) Sir Marmaduck's troops having the Van marched thorough the Town, Calandar with his next, and Middleton in the rear placing a guard on this side of Stone, till all were past, the Commissioners were appointed by the Duke, to stay and dine in the Town, upon a halt on the other side, I saw the Duke, Calandar, Sir Marmaduck, & Middleton, speaking together where there came a Trumpet to them, from Staffoord, who belonged to some of those who had rendered themselves prisoners the night before, here a Trouper upon some question shot Captain Gray, and was pistold by public order for it. So on we marched for Utoxater, Sir Marmaduck in the Van of all, the Duke in the Van of the Scottish horse, Calandar in the middle, and Middleton in the rear having marched about two miles in narrow lanes, (it began to rain hugely) the Staffoord troops being upon our rear, Middleton gave order to charge them, but some troupers repining said it was nothing to bid charge, whereunto he replied that it was not his custom to be sparing of himself upon any occasion that was needful, and therewithal bid them follow him, and charged like a gallant man, and wise commander, thereby to animate his discouraged horsemen, and show them a good example, in such an extremity, but being upon the side of a hill, and the ground exceeding slippery thorough the great reins, his horse fell and he was taken prisoner, and the night drawing on, the enemy retired being pressed by colonel Lockhart, who was in the rear with him, the rest of the horse were drawn up upon a Moor, where there came two country Gentlemen to the Duke, but from whence or what they brought, I could not learn. Upon the notice of Middletons being taken, Calandar faced about and marched to the rear, where speaking to the soldiers, he desired them now to do for the honour of their Nation, which then had so much suffered, and the recovery of so gallant a man, swearing to them never to leave them if they would but perform their part, and with that resolution went on to rescue Middleton until he understood from colonel Lockhart, that the Enemy was retired, Whereupon he returned to the Moor, where he halted until the rear came up, before which time it was dark night, being then about 4 miles from Utoxater, unto which by reason of the darkness and foulness of the way, it was very late before the troops did come, quartering most upon the fields and streets, next morning betimes Calandar, and Sir Matmaduck, attended the general, who was a bed (because of a pain in his legs,) there he having heard before that Calandar was marched away, with the most part of the horse told it him, but Calandar answered that he had not used to give any orders where his Grace was, but such as he received from him, there it was debated what was next to be done, But than Sir Marmaduck show the necessity of his marching when it was propounded to Capitulate, and that he could expect no quarter, Calandar also declared plainly that upon no terms he would consent to a Capitulation, but such troops or Troupers as would march with him he would undergo the same hazard with Sir Marmaduck, and they might follow him, which the Duke hearing, said that he would not stay behind, and therewith Sir Marmaduck and Calandar went to horse, and gave order to the troops to draw out to a hill, about half a mile on the other side of the Town beyond the River, yet it was long before any considerable number came to the place, and Sir Marmaduck sending to Calandar, to know if he was ready, my Lord desired him to have a little patience, but he sent him back word that the day was well advanced, and he was to have a long march he could not, and so marched away, which Calandar seeing spoke to the Officers and soldiers, willing them to repair to their standards in order, but none almost or very few did, though he assured them that he would die with his arms in his hand, after such misfortune, rather than Capitulate, yet what ever he said, was little regarded, and because the Duke was absent no man obeyed, at last he told them, that such as had a mind to show themselves men, for the credit of their country, might march along with him, and those that were ill mounted and had a mind to treat, might stay with the Duke, but few offered to stir, so that he rode after Sir Marmaduck alone, to show him how things stood, and take leave of him, coming back he found some Officers sent from the Duke, to desire his return for consultation, and the Duke gave order that a party should be sent back to Utoxater, whither the Army might return, and there deliberate of what should be done, to that effect the Lord Levinstoun was sent, and Calandar visited all the avenues and barricaded them, posing guards everywhere, than orders being given, for all Officers to repair to the Duke, he then desired Calandar to go and advise with them what was most expedient, thereupon Calandar asked him whither to march, or to fight, he was ready to obey, but if it were to Capitulate he absolutely disclaimed it, and so went to his quarter, where he instantly gave order to the dismounted men, and Stragglers of the Foot, to go to the churchyard, and that all Officers that were quartered in the Town, should bring thither such arms as could be found there, for arming of them These Officers who were assembled by the Duke's order having delivered there opinions, when Calandar came back, the Duke told him they had found it fit to send a trumpet to the Enemy, but Calandar replied that he disassented from such a base way, and therefore would give no advice, nor adhere to their Treaty, neither be included into it, but rather die like a man of honour, fighting if he could find but ten men, to share in his fortune with him, the Duke notwithstanding sent out a Trumpet, and in a short while after, some Troupers drew up on the markat-place before his lodging (which certainly was not done without the knowledge of some chief Officers,) for when Calandar went out to speak to them, they were not so well instructed as afterwards, till putting them in mind of the Oath he made unto them the night before never to leave them, if they would play the part of gallant men, but that he would upon no condition Capitulate, choosing rather to run the uttermost hazard of his life with honour, then condescend to so base a way of Treaty, if otherways he could not escape the hands of his Enemies, at length they seemed to be a little satisfied, so he returned to the Duke's lodging, and colonel Lockhart was sent down to dismiss them, but toward the evening, their number increased and seizing upon Calanders' Horse and arms, they would not suffer him to go out of the Duke's lodging, but kept him there prisoner, nor were any of his servants permitted to come near him, but before that uproar began, as soon as it was concluded by the Duke, and the other Officers to send and Capitulate, the trumpet being gone, Major Gib and another were sent as hostages. In the evening the trumpet came back, and one of the Enemies with him, who found us in this posture of munity, and that increasing hourly, (it was then clear moonshine) when they rose to such a height that they releived the guards, which the Leivetenaut General had posed, sent up 2 or 3 of their number to the Duke's chamber, with their arms in their hands, as Commissioners from the rest, which he seeing, declared to them that he had no mind to leave them, and spoke unto the whole body upon the market place, out at a window, the enemy's trumpet who was in the next room heard all, Calandar incensed with that scurvy dealing, told that such base way of detaining him prisoner was not the means to get good quarters, beside the dishonour of it, Whereupon some words past betwixt the Duke and him, upon his averring of the same, as they sat down to Supper, he still telling him he would not adhere to any Treaty but die sooner, if he could not otherwise escape, and that they would repent and quite their posts if the Enemy did once approach. at last after diverse false alarms that night, toward the morning they had one for certain of the Enemies advance, which made these mutineers abandon the marketplace, returning some of the Earl of Calanders' horses, and arms unto his quarter, at which time the Duke being in his naked bed, Calandar took horse with some few Officers, and visited all the posts; where there was yet no sight of the Enemy, after having told the Duke, that he would upon no condition Capitulate, and that so often before, but particularly when the Lord Kenmoore parted when it was also time for him to be gone, as any judicious man may think, seeing the duke had Capitulate, and sent out hostages, and so with his Nephew the Lord Levingfton, & some others he went away leaving the Duke to his Treaty, but as he came about a quarter of a mile from the Town, he was told by certain Officers, and some Country people, that order was given from some Officers at Utoxater to barricade the end of the lane, whereby neither Officer nor soldier might escape that way, and drawing up those Troupers that came with him, he again told them as before he had done, that all such as were ill mounted or had a mind to Capitulate, might return to the Duke, and though he had no guide yet notwithstanding holding fast to his first resolution he would take his hazard, and then riding on with the number of sixscore horse or thereabout, Himself took the charge of one third part, giving another to the Lord Levingstoun, and the third to be commanded by colonel Keyth, brother to the Earl Martial, past through Asburn, intending to follow Sir Marmaduck Langdall; but there he was informed of his disbanding of his people, and marching on further, came amongst hills, where the country people rose in arms upon him, and there by reason many horses lost their shoes with so long marching, diverse were taken prisoners, colonel Keyth with the first, by some of the troops of Darby, but marching on still toward Chesterfield, about the evening being within a mile and a half of the Town, intending to have past through it, and there halting to know whether there were any of the Enemy quartered, night fell on, and the country all about, firing to give notice of us, we were informed that some troops were come there, and before we could get on horseback, a party of foot fell upon us, which we repulsed killing some, and so Marched away, (it being very dark) to the right hand toward Bolsover, the Lord Levingstoun having the Rear, with Major Drummond and other Officers before we came near Bolsover lost their way, we then halting upon a heath, and missing them, being very few in number, our horses extremely wearied, the Earl of Calandar marched back a mile, to see if he could learn any thing of them, whom not finding, (and it being very rainy weather) he intended notwithstanding (if he could) to march to Pomfret. But being misled by the guide he then had, those few Officers which were remaining, as soon as it was day, (the country being full of the enemies troops;) thought it fittest every man to shift for himself, and so we parted, recommending one another to the protection of God, and I took my own way, not doubting but that same providence which had brought me so far in an Unfortunate journey, would yet bring me out of danger, but what befell me in my taking afterwards, and my prison, (from which I am now by the grace of God got free) before I found Scots ground to go upon, Shall be the Subject of your next entertainment.  
And now, to conclude all our misfortunes, and end this tedious discourse, I shall briefly tell you, that after all the difficulties, oppositions, and delays, in the levying of the Army in Scotland, our slow march at our entry into England, wanting provision, and waiting for the cannon and ammunition, the not joining of the Forces from Ireland, and the Dukes falling short of Preston, (giving the enemy a fair opportunity to fall in betwixt the horse and the foot) than the leaving of the ammunition, was the loss of the foot, the tampering to Capitulate discouraged the horsemen, and the Duke's design to treat, after so many great oversights, together with the mutiny at Utoxater, lost the horse shamefully, when they might have been saved to recover a new Army of foot again; And thus craving you pardon for my prolixity, and detaining you so long in a discourse which could not be contracted in fewer words, when the full and plain Truth was to be told, I here take my leave, what rests concerning myself, and our other Friends, you shall hear at another occasion from,  
Your Servant. Edinburgh, 2 of October.