A LETTER TO THE Authors of the Answers to the Case of the Allegiance due to Sovereign Princes, stated and resolved.  By Dr. WILLIAM SHERLOCK. By a Gentleman of the Communion of the Church of England. 
Gentlemen,  
I Have with a little commotion of mind (as who is able to exercise a Stoical Apathy in great Provocations) observed all your motions for the two last Years; And although I did not expect any great degrees of temper from such Men when they had got the Reins loose and the Bit between the Teeth; yet I thought at last the mere shame of saying the same things so often over and over again, would have put a stop to your Career. But, alas, nothing will satisfy some Men who having been a long time restrained from venting their beloved Principles, think they can never take liberty enough when they once have it.  
The Principles of the Church of England, or those of the Professors of that Religion which is by Law established, have ever been thought so advantageous to Government in general, and to our Monarchy in particular, that the late King, when he disclaimed her Communion, gave that for his reason why he would Protect and Defend her and her Children; and it had been well for him if he had not been put upon other Methods by designing Men.  
Their present Majesties have however made the same Profession, and that not only verbally, but in their Coronation Oath have given us the most Sacred Assurances, that they will preserve that Protestant Religion which is by Law Established. Others are indeed by Law tolerated, but still that is the Religion that is Sworn to be preserved, protected, and defended, whilst all the rest are only allowed a bare Indemnity.  
Why then must every one that has sooner or later submitted to their Majesties, and have heartily and sincerely taken the Oaths of Allegiance to them, be pelted by a parcel of Pamphleteers, only for Assigning such Reasons for it as are consistent with the Doctrines of the Church of England, and the Practice of the Primitive Church in the like Circumstances? There has scarce appeared one Piece that was written by those of our Communion for the satisfaction of the Non-swearers, but there has presently been published a swarm of virulent and malicious Pamphlets against it, written no doubt by Their Majesty's special Friends, for they all pretend to be zealous Williamites, great promoters of the late Revolution, the first that were in Arms against the late King. Ay, and it may be if the truth were examined, and they would but vouchsafe to set their Names to their Books, we might find them as busily Plotting against Charles the First, and Charles' the Second, as James the Second; and against him too in the Monmouth Invasion, as well as in the late Revolution.  
Well, but the late good Service has attoned for all their former Crimes, and they have not only merited a Pardon for all that is past, but a Reward too, and much good may it do them, I neither envy their good Fortunes, nor would purchase the best of them at the same Price, and with the same Hazards; so that they need never fear I will be their Rival.  
But what need is there of all this? Is the late Revolution here in England of that nature, that those that have complied with it may justify their so doing upon the Principles of the Church of England, or is it not? If we can justify it upon our own Principles, why are they offended? If we cannot, what harm have we done them? Is any Man discontented that the number of his Friends and Assistants are increased by Men of various Interests and Principles, who have the same great design to carry on that he had? Are not all the Princes in Christendom at this time united against France, notwithstanding their different Principles and Interests in other things?  
But then if it is not justifiable upon the Principles of the Church of England, but we must renounce our Principles before we can become the Loyal Subjects of King William and Queen Mary, which the Non-swearers pretend, and these Williamites back them in; then is the late Revolution condemned not only by the Non-swearers, but by the Williamites also; For if it is innocent it may be justified by our Principles, and if it is not, their Principles will no more justify it than ours will. And I am sure it is not for their Majesty's Interest to have the World think they have done that which cannot be justified upon the Principles of that Church which they have sworn to defend, and of which they profess themselves to be. And which is more, of that Church which is the greatest part of the Nation, and of which the far greatest part of the Nobility, Gentry, Swordmen, and Crown-men of the Nation profess themselves Members; all which are by these Men declared Rebels and Traitors by their own Principles, if what they say is true.  
Here is a Mystery at the bottom of all this, and it is not impossible to set it in so good a Light that no Man will wonder at it, tho' perhaps it will not be my good fortune to do it, but however I will try if I can; and if I offend them by it, the care is beforehand taken, and I am resolved not to be overmuch concerned, tho' I expect a swarm of venomous Infects about my Ears for it.  
When this Revolution was begun in Holland, it was the great care of these Gentlemen to win over the Church of England men by all the Arts of Wheadle and Courtship that was possible, and the Advice than was instead of remembering or upbraiding them with the opposition and rancour which they expressed against our Persons, Principles, and Ways, let there be no Language heard from us but what may declare the Joy we have in ourselves for their Conversion, and the entire Trust and Confidence we put in them. And a little after; It were the height of Wickedness, as well as the most prodigious Folly, to imagine that the Conformists have abandoned all Fidelity to God, and cast off all care of themselves, and their Country, upon a mistaken judgement of being Loyal and Obedient to the King. They know as well as any, that the giving to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, lays them under no Obligation of surrendering unto him the things that are Gods; nor of sacrificing unto the Will of the Sovereign the Privileges reserved unto the People, by the Fundamental Rules of the Constitution, and by the Statutes of the Realm. And they understand as well as others, that the Laws of the Land are the only Measures of the Prince's Authority, and of the Subjects Fealty; and where they give him no right to Command, they lay them under no tye to Obey. The ill effects of Animosities amongst Protestants, pag. 16. Thus sweetly the Sirens alured us then; And because what they said was true, we had reason to believe it was sincere, if we had not known the nature of the Animals.  
But so soon as ever the Work was done, and the late King was shipped for France, all this Courtship was out of Doors: these Church of England Men, these Conformists, were the Men of Arbitrary Principles, the Men that had endangered the Liberties of England, and the Protestant Religion, by their Doctrine of Passive Obedience, or Nonresistance; and all that they had said before was now forgot: and tho' the Papists were pardoned, and the old Parliament Rebels rewarded, there was no quarter to be allowed to the Surrenders of Charters, the Opposers of the Bill of Exclusion, the Defeaters of the Monmouth Invasion.  
In Scotland the Episcopal Party sat still and would have no hand in the Revolution, and we see what followed, and tho' they have since made dreadful Complaints, and expressed a great resentment of their Folly in suffering this Blessing to be stolen from them, yet they have not yet been able to obtain a place for Repentance, tho' they have sought it with Tears. In England it was otherwise, we were in expectation of a Parliament before the Revolution began, and the Members in all places were fixed, and it was not possible of a sudden to change them; and this case would admit of no delay, so that most of the Members were Church of England Men, and there was no helping it. This was a great Obstacle to the Designs of these Men, and have embittered all their Joys, and made them so uneasy and dissatisfied that they can hardly relish what they have got, because they had not all they expected.  
They were very zealous to have got the Act for taking the Oaths to Their Majesties limited to a very short time, that Men having but a little time to bethink them, might more generally have refused them, as they did in Scotland; but the six Months that was allowed (much against their wills) was so well employed, that the Number of the Non-swearers was very small in comparison, and if these very Men had not made it their business to traduce all that took the Oaths as Apostates, time-servers, and perjured Men; perhaps it would have been much less than it was.  
And whereas the great Objection against taking the Oaths was raised from the Doctrine of Passive Obedience, or Non resistance, whoever endeavoured the Reconciling the taking of the Oaths with that Doctrine, was sure to have all these zealous Williamites (as they called themselves) on his Neck, as well as the Non-swearers, and there was nothing in the World they desired so much as to have it thought that whoever took the Oath to their Majesties, did ipso facto renounce that Doctrine, as Impious and Heretical.  
There were some few that did not take the Oaths till the six Months were almost expired; others did not take them till the next six Months were almost out; and some few have taken them since, as they were able to satisfy themselves. Now all these have been affronted to the utmost degree by all the Party; and every Man that takes the Oath raiseth a new Clamour; so that it is apparent to all the World, some Men fear nothing more than that there should be no Non-swearers. That is, they are afraid that all the Nation should unite in Their Majesty's Interest.  
There were some few that took the Oaths before they were satisfied, to keep their Places, and have since scandalously disputed against the rest, as far as they durst; and this they took up as another opportunity to defame all the rest. And if any Man appeared against them, presently he was a swearing Jacobite; nay, we are made believe, all the Church of England Men that have taken the Oaths are in their Heart's Jacobites, which is now the scolding term for the title of Papist in Masquerade, is now superannuated and grown out of Fashion.  
The Atheist, the Hobbists, the Commonwealth-men are all joined in one cry against the Innocent Doctrine of Nonresistance, for very different ends I confess, but with equal noise and boldness; and Men value themselves very much if they have had the good fortune never to have been tainted with this dangerous Doctrine, especially if they were such as have ever lived in the Communion of the Church of England. Nay, he that was a Trimmer in the times of Charles the Second, concerned in the Whig Plot, or the Monmouth Invasion, the Act of Exclusion, or the 41 Rebellion, thinks it is a matter of great Reputation, or good Qualification, to recommend him to the esteem of all sober Men; whilst he that was true to the Princes that have Reigned over us, durst not once mention his Loyalty upon pain of being thought unworthy of all Trust or Regard.  
Now what is the meaning of all this? why all this pains to run down a Doctrine that never did nor can do any harm, but when it is abused by ill Men to ill purposes? And yet it never did them any service neither that most pretended to use it, to our damage. Are they afraid our present King or Queen will make use of it to the Ruin of those Liberties they have so lately Established by Act of Parliament? No, this is certainly none of their fears; but these Men have something else in Prospect. The Monarchy, the Government, both in Church and State, are not yet in the condition and state they would bring them: they well foresee that if Their Majesties should be once settled in the same degree of Power and Majesty with their Predecessors, and that be backed by the whole Church of England, supported and confirmed by the old Loyal Doctrine, and bound upon the Consciences of Men as it was before; when ever they shall have occasion to repeat their old Contrivances for the Undermining or Unsettling it, here will be a powerful and a numerous Party ready form to oppose them, and therefore now whilst the Crown is engaged in a Dangerous and Expensive War, they are to make use of the opportunity at home to make a strong Party to deal with it so soon as the times will permit them.  
I suppose there is no Man that is in his right Wits, but must see that it is Their Majesty's Interest that all their Protestant Subjects should Unite as one Man in their Interest and Service. This was made the great reason of the Tolerating the Dissenters, and this has ever been the Aim and Design of all wise Princes and States; and our Enemies have shown us how much they fear it, by their restless endeavours to Divide and Disunite us at home, which they seem to depend more upon than upon any Forces they can send against us; and the Prospect of this was the thing that finally prevailed upon James the Second to leave the Nation, viz. that we might fall into Confusion; so that upon the matter, all the World has declared that Disunion and Division at home is beneficial to our Enemies, and destructive to us.  
Well, then if it be so necessary we should Unite, upon what terms shall we do it? Renounce the Doctrine of Nonresistance and Passive Obedience, the Title of King James both before and after his Desertion, and all the Merits of your Church of England Loyalty in standing by the Crown of England in the worst of times, and then we shall Unite. Your humble Servant Gentlemen; Will nothing less do? Are these terms to be imposed by a tolerated Party, on that which blessed be God is yet by Law Established? I hope we may Unite upon much easier terms than these; if we may not, some body is to blame, and in due time will wish they had been wiser.  
For my part, I believe our now most Gracious Sovereigns King William and Queen Mary are both de jure and de facto, as Lawful King and Queen of England, by an Hereditary Right which commenced from the time the late King James left the Throne, tho' it was not declared till the Twelfth of February following, as ever sat upon the Throne. But then I neither can nor ever will renounce the Doctrine of Passive Obedience or Nonresistance rightly understood, nor can I yield that King James did forfeit his Crown, or that I was absolved from my Allegiance before he wilfully threw it up and deserted the Nation; but I believe I am not equally bound to stand by a Prince that Governed at the rate he did, as I should have been to stand by one that Governed according to his Laws and his Coronation Oath. So that no Man in the Nation is or possibly can be better satisfied in Their Majesty's Title and Government than I am; no Man was sooner satisfied than I was, no Man has more Heartily served them than I have done, nor more disinteressedly, for I have got nothing by the change, but I have lost much.  
But then, after all my Principles are the same they were, my Allegiance has descended in the same manner to King William and Queen Mary as it did to Charles the Second and James the Second, not altered in the least in the degree or reason of it. They were in their times the Ministers of God, and the lawful and undoubted Sovereigns of the English Nation, and so are these: The same God that set up Charles the Second, and James the Second, when so great a part of the Nation did what they could to have the first of them Abjured, and the second Excluded; the same God, I say, has by his Providence set King William and Queen Mary upon the Throne; and by his Grace I will bear the same Faith and Allegiance to them as I did to the former; and for the same cause.  
Now if some Men are not so well satisfied as I am, but think they are still bound to persist in their Allegiance to the late King, because he is not dead, nor has yet made a formal surrender of his Crown to Their now Majesties, what is this to me? must I renounce my Principles because others that have embraced the same Principles are not of the same Mind that I am? Or shall we of the Church of England, that have heartily and sincerely sworn Allegiance to King William and Queen Mary, and defended them with our Lives and Fortunes; shall we, I say, be Rejected, Traduced, Libelled in Print, only because we persisted in our Allegiance to King James; not only as long as he used us well, but as long as he would stay? Surely they that gave such Testimony of their Loyalty to one Prince, will deserve a little Regard and Protection from another who succeeds in the same Right. Their now Majesties are of our own Religion, they were our Deliverers out of a most uncomfortable state, the hopes we had that they should one day be so was our greatest Comfort in all our Distresses; and they have accordingly delivered us sooner than we did expect, or perhaps durst wish. And now after all this, what reason is there that any body should suspect, that we that were ever Loyal to all their Predecessors, should after all the Assurances that one Man can possibly give another, be still false dissembling Hypocrites, and Traitors to God and them: And in the mean time, others that have been Disloyal to all their Predecessors, that have been Plotting and Contriving the Ruin of the English Monarchy for above Fifty Years together, should engross all the Loyalty from us!  
Gentlemen, If you are offended with this plain dealing, you can thank no body but yourselves; you have endeavoured to satisfy your Party by your Arguments, such as they are, and altho' I could not approve of them, yet I never set Pen to Paper against them, because they seemed to be well meant for Their Majesty's Service, and if they did not satisfy me, yet they might please some others; and provided Men were brought over to Their Majesty's Service, I was contented. But, on the other side, when I produced my Arguments, I had presently a parcel of your snarling Vermin at my Heels, which I despised. And when the learned Dr. Sherlock came forth upon the same Charitable Design, you treated him ten times worse than you did me; and because I perceive he has not thought fit to give you any Answer, I have sent this short Letter to let you know, that if the Coast is clear, and I may have the liberty of the Press as well as you, I will, one after another, send every one of you my Remarks and Objections against what you have written against that great good Man. And in the mean time I am,  
Your, etc.   

LONDON, Printed for Randal Tailor near Stationers-Hall. 1691.