MEMOIRES OF THE LIVES, ACTIONS, SUFFERINGS & DEATHS OF THOSE NOBLE, REVEREND, AND EXCELLENT PERSONAGES, That SUFFERED By DEATH, SEQUESTRATION, DECIMATION, Or otherwise, FOR THE Protestant Religion, And the great PRINCIPLE thereof, ALLEGIANCE To their SOVEREIGN, In our late Intestine Wars, From the Year 1637, to the Year 1660. and from thence continued to 1666. WITH THE LIFE and MARTYRDOM OF King CHARLES I. By Da: Lloyd, A. M. sometime of Oriel-Colledge in Oxon. LONDON: Printed for Samuel Speed; and sold by him at the Rainbow between the two Temple-gates; by john Wright, at the Globe in Little-Britain; john Symmes, at Gresham-Colledge-gate in Bishops-gate-street; and james ●ollin●, in Westminster-Hall. MDCLXVIII. To the RIGHT HONOURABLE Sir Henry Bennet, LORD ARLINGTON, Principal Secretary of State to His Majesty, and one of the Lords of His Majesty's most Honourable PRIVY COUNCIL. May it please your Honour, IN this Collection (which is humbly addressed to your Lordship, as one of the most eminent surviving Instances of that Loyalty it treats of) is contained Remarks and Observations upon above a thousand Persons, in which number may be accounted no less than two hundred Peers and Prelates, becoming the Excellency of that Royal Cause, most Sacred in the two Branches thereof, Government and Religion. As the Slave in the Historian, gathered up the scattered Limbs of his Great, but Conquered and Murdered Lords, burning them on some vulgar pile, and repositing their Ashes in some poor room, till more equal times should erect them a becoming Monument; Covering them with a Pyramid, or enclosing them in a Temple: So I, from the perishing and scattered Pamphlets and Discourses of these times, have Collected some choice Memorials of those Heroes, who deserved not to be forgotten in that Kingdom, whereof I am a Subject, and that Church, whereof I am a Member; which Collection may serve for a just, though brief account, of the great actions and sufferings of these Worthies, till time shall produce a better History, more lasting than its self, that shall be a reproach to the weakness of Stone and Marble. History, (saith my Lord Bacon) which may be called just and perfect History, is of three kinds, according to the object it propoundeth, or pretendeth to represent; for it either representeth a time, a person, or an action. The first we call Chronicles, the second Lives, and the third Narrations, or Relations. Of these, although the first be the most complete and absolute kind of History, and hath most estimation and glory; yet the second excelleth it in profit and use, and the third in verity and sincerity. For History of Times representeth the magnitude of Actions, and the public faces and deportments of Persons, and passeth over in silence the smaller passages and motions of men and matters. But such being the Workmanship of God, as he doth hang the greater weights upon the smallest wyars, Maxima eminimis suspendens, It comes therefore to pass, that such Histories do rather set forth the pomp of business, than the true and inward resorts thereof. But Lives, if well written, propounding to themselves a Person to represent, in in whom actions, both greater and smaller, public and private, have a commixture, must of necessity contain a more true, native, and lively representation. I do much admire, that the virtues of our late times should be so little esteemed, as that the writing of Lives should be no more frequent; for although there be not many Sovereign Princes, or absolute Commanders, and that States are most Collected into Monarchies; yet there are many worthy Personages, that deserve better than dispersed Reports, and barren Eulogies. There are Pyramids erected for the Maccabees (those great sufferers for a good Cause) at Modinum in Palestine, the bottom of which contain the bodies of those Heroes, and the tops serve for Sea-marks, to direct Mariners, sailing in the Mediterranean, towards the Haven of joppa, in the Holy-Land; not unlike whereunto, for the use and service thereof, is this following Volume, partly to do justice to those Worthies deceased, and partly to guide and Conduct their Posterity to the same happiness, by steering their course according to the honourable patterns of their Lives, and the resolved manner of their Deaths; being moreover useful intimations to oppressed virtue, when neither Law nor Government can neither encourage or support, and successful and prosperous Vices, which neither is able either to suppress or restrain; yet is History able to do Right to the one, and Justice on the other; History that holds a Pen in one hand, that can set the most neglected and despicable goodness eternally beyond injury, and (being the greatest awe over great Villains on this side Hell) a scourge in the other, that shall give the most powerful and domineering Villainy perpetual wounds beyond a remedy; a fair warning to all men, that have any sense of fame or honour, to take as great care of their deportment before their death, as the Roman Gladiators did of their postures before their fall. Neither am I without competent hopes, that it will be a cosiderable pleasure to those worthy Persons still surviving their former sufferings, to see the King's friends in a body in an History, as once they saw them in the Field; and be able upon the view, to make a judgement what Families and Persons are fit to be employed and entrusted, what deserving men have been neglected, and who may be encouraged and rewarded; without doubt many will, with great satisfaction, look on this Catalogue as K. Charles I. did on Essex his Army at Edge-hill, when he gave his reason for his long looking upon them, to one that asked him, What he meant to do; This is the first time that I saw them in a body. And the rather, because, though not mentioned themselves, as being alive, (Nec tanti est ut memorentur perire, Nor is it worth their while to die, that they may be remembered) yet by this poor attempt may guests, that when other means prove ineffectual, (Monuments of Wood being subject to burning, of Glass to breaking, of soft Stone to mouldering, of Marble and Metal to demolishing) their own Virtues, and others Writings, will Eternize them. If any Persons are omitted (as possibly, in so great a variety, there may be some) or mistaken, or but briefly mentioned, be it considered, that the Press, like Time and Tide, staying for no man, and real Informations (though diligently and importunately sought after) coming in but slowly, we were forced to lay this Foundation, and intent, God willing, if an opportunity shall serve, to complete, or at least more amply adorn the Structure. One of the greatest Encouragements whereunto, will be your Lordship's gracious acceptance of this weak, but sincere Endeavour of, My Lord, Your Lordship's Most humble and devoted Servant, David Lloyd. THE TABLE. A. ALderman Abel Fol. 633 Mr. Adam's 507 Sir Thomas Ailesbury 699 Dr. Ailworth 541 Fr. L. D'Aubigney, Lord Almoner 337 Dr. Jo. Maxwel A. B. of St. Andrews 643 Col. Eusebius Andrews 561 Dr. N. Andrews 530 Sir T. Appleyard 668 Dr. Jo. Richardson Bp. of Ardah 607 Dr. Jo. Bramhal A. B. Armagh 489 Sir Thomas Armstrong 680 Th. Howard E. of Arundel 284 Lord Arundel of Warder 688 Dr. D. Lloyd Dean of St. Asaph 613 Jacob Lord Ashley 644 Sir Bernard Ashley ihid. George Ashley, Esq 649 Col. Ashton 554 Sir Arthur Aston 644 Sir Henry Audley 688 Alderman Avery 633 B. Col. Bagot 666 Dr. Samuel Baker 512 Dr. Walter Balcanqual 523 Dr. W. Roberts Bp. of Bangar 599 Sir John Banks 586 Lord Bard 668 Dr. Isaac Bargrave D. of Cant. 687 Dr. Joh. Barkham 279 Coll. William Barns 696 Dr. John Barnston 91 Dr. Baron 642 Robert Lord Bartue, E. of Lindsey 306 Montague Lord Bartue E. of Lindsey 315 Dr. Joh. Barwick D. of St. Paul's 610 Sir Simon Baskervile 635 Mr. Basely 507 Henry Earl of Bath 650 Dr. Richard Bayly 541 Dr. William Beal 454 Sir Joh. Beaumond 671 Mr. Beaumond 563 Dr. W. Bedle Bp. of Kilmore 605 Sir Joh Bennet 594 Mr. Bennet 521 Col. Benlow 558 Col. Cassey Bental 694 Joh. Lord Berkley 98 George Lord Berkley 126 Sir Robert Berkley 93 Sir Edward Berkley 109 Sir William Berkley 110 Sir Henry Berkley 114 Sir Maurice Berkley 119 Sir Rowland Berkley 120 Sir George Berkley 122 Richard Berkley, Esq 119 Mr. Rowland Berkley 689 Dr. Nicholas Bernard 701 Col. Bernard 696 Mr. Joh. Betley 554 Col. Beto● 696 Sir Henry Billingham 698 Col. Francis Billingsley 696 Joh. Lord Byron 487 Richard Lord Byron 489 Sir Philip Byron 488 Sir Nicholas Byron 489 Sir Robert Byron ibid. Cornet Blackbourn 563 Col. Thomas Blague 679 Sir Arthur Blaney 666 Col. John Blaney ibid. Mountjoy Lord Blunt E. of Newport 651 Sir John Bois 680 Mr. Jo. Bois 613 Sir Thomas Bosvile 698 Sir William Boswel 686 Mr. Bourchier 565 Sir Th. Bower 698 Sir George Bowles 671 Col. Bowles 658 ●r. Thomas Bowyer 633 Mr. Boil 678 Sir Matthew Boynton 705 Dr. Jo. Bramhal A. B. Armagh 489 Sir John Bramston 82 Dr. William Bray 512 P. Lord Ruthen E. of Bremford 674 Sir Thomas Bridges 698 Sir William Bridges ibid. Dr. Bridgman Bp. of Chester 622 Col. Brin 645 Jo. Lord Digby E. of Bristol 579 ●r. Th. Westfield Bp. of Bristol ibid. Sir Edward Bromfield L. M. London 633 Col. Robert Broughton 666 Col. Edward Broughton ibid. Sir Peter Brown 669 Sir John Brown 674 Dr. Brown D. of Hereford 51● Dr. Ralph Brownrig Bp. of Exon. 404 Col. Buck 658 Sir William Bulton 698 Sir George Bunkley 689, & 692 Captain Burleigh 564 Sir Thomas Burton 649 Sir William Butler 690 Col. Jo. But oer 671 Col. Tho. Butler ibid. C. Robert Lord Dormer E. of Caernarv. 369 Mr. Isaac Calf 511 Duke H●milton E. of Cambridge 642 Sir William Campian 679 Dr. W. Laud A. B. Cant. 225 Sir R. Cauterel 689 Arthur Lord Capel 479 Sir Henry Carew 692 Sir Matthew Carew 665 Sir Francis Carew 693 Sir Alexander Carew 705 Ja. Lord Hay E. of Carlisle 676 Dr. Potter Bp. of Carlisle 153 Dr. Th. cumber D. of Carlisle 447 Sir Francis Carnaby 668 Sir William Carnaby ibid. Mr. William Cartwright 422 Hen. Lord Cary E. of Monmouth 650 Sir Rob. Lord Cary E. of Monmouth 650 Henry Cary Lord Falkland 333 Lucius Cary Lord Visc. Falkland 331 Sir Horatio Cary 659 Sir Henry Cary ib. Col. Edward Cary ib. Col. Theodo●e Cary ib. Col. Tho. Cary 693 Dr. Catesford 530 Sir Richard Cave 671 Ch. Lord Cavendish Visc. Mansfield 672 Sir Charles Cavendish ib. Charles Cavendish Esq ib. William Chaldwel Esq 688 Mr. chaloner 564 Dr. Chambers 506 George Lord Chandois 365 Dr. W. Chapel Bp. of Cork and Ross 607 K. CHARLES I. 16 Edw. Lord Herbert of Cherbury 372 Dr. Cheshire 507 Dr. ●ryan Walton Bp. of Chester 513 Dr. H. Fern Bp. of Chester 604 Dr. Bridgman Bp. of Chester 622 Earl of Chesterfield 651 Mr. Chettam 636 Mr. Chibbald 507 Fr. Lord Leigh E. of Chichester 653 Dr. Childerley 510 Mr. William Chilling worth 54● Col. Edwal Chisenhal 69● Sir Richard Cholmley 681 Sir Hugh Cholmley 705 Mr. Chostlen 521 Col. James Chudleigh 658 Sir William Clark 671 Sir Christopher Cletherow 63● Tho. Lord Wentworth E. of Cleveland 57● Mr. John Cleveland 617 Major Laurence Clifton 670 Col. Cockram 667 Mr. William Collet 634 Dr. Samuel Collins 452 Col. Coniers 67● Col. Co●isby 673 Dr. Geo. Cook Bp. of Hereford 600 Sir William Compton 354 Sir Charles Compton 359 Sir Spencer Compton 361 Sp. Lord Compton E. of Northampt. 353 Mr. Henry Compton 363 Sir Henry Constable Visc. Dunbar 671 Sir Frederick Cornwallis 66● Francis Lord Cottington 78 Dr. Rob. Wright Bp. of Coventry 600 Sir William Courtney 680 John Courtney Esq 693 Dr. Abraham Cowley 62● Dr. Cox 687 Sir Richard Crane 667 Mr. John Crane 634 Mr. Richard Crashaw 618 Sir Francis Crawley 29● Col. Cuthbert Crifton 670 Sir Nicholas Crisp 627 Sir Oliver Cromwell 635 Sir William Crofts 673 John Lord Culpepper 654 Sir Alexander Culpepper 693 Dr. Walter Curl 597 Sir John Curson 700 Sir Patricius Curwen 692 D. Sir Thomas Dacres 682 Sir Francis Dacres ib. Sir Richard Dacres ib. Col. Dalby 665 Sir Thomas Dallison 667 Mr. Dalton 689 H. Lord Danvers E. of Danby 677 Fr. L. D'Aubigney L. Almoner 337 George Lord D'Aubigney 321 Dr. Jo. Davenant Bp. of Salisbury 281 Sir Humprey Davenport 146 Dr. R. Manwaring Bp. of St. David's 270 Sir Abraham Daws 628 Sir Alexander Denton 700 ●a. Lord Stanley E. of Derby 572 ●o. Lord Digby E. of Bristol 579 Sir John Digby 580 Sir Kenelm Digby ib Mr. Kenelm Digby 581 Mr. Doubly Diggs 425 Mr. Joseph Diggons 635 Sir Wolstan Dixby 649 Sir Lewis Dives 691 Mr. John Dod 12● Baron Done 68● Rob. Lord Dormer E. of Caernarvon 36● Sir Robert Dormer 70● henry Earl of Dover 650 Dr. J. Taylor Bp. of Down & Connor 70● Dr. Arthur Duck 592 Mr. R. Dugard 63● Sir H. Constable Lord Visc. Dunbar 671 Dr. Brian Duppa Bp. of Salisbury 598 Dr. Th. Morton Bp. of Duresm 436 Mr. John Dutton 700 E. Dr. Thomas Earls 604 Mr. Eccop 507 Dr. Thomas Eden 593 Mr. Edlin 511 Dr. Matthew Wren Bp. of Ely 61● Dr. Wilford D of Ely 615 D. Edward Martin D. of Ely 461 Sir Michael Ernely 675 L. C. Thomas Ewer 670 Sir Ger●ase Eyre 667 Dr. R. Brownrig Bp. of Ex● 404 F. Earl of Falmouth 105 Fr. Lord Fane E. Westmoreland 650 Mildm. Lord Fane E. Westmoreland ib Thomas Lord Fanshaw 684 Sir Richard Fanshaw 685 Mr. Thomas Farnaby 616 Mr. Anthony Farrington 543 Hen. Carry Lord Faulkland 333 Lucius Cary Visc. Faulkland 331 Dr. Daniel Featly 527, & 690 Dr. Samuel Fell 531 Richard Lord Fielding 658 Col. Fenwick 694 Dr. H Ferne Bp. of Chester 604 Sir Timothy Fetherstonhaugh 559 Sir John Finch L. Keeper 52 Col. Fitz-morris 696 Col. Fle●ing 645 Sir H. Fletcher 681 Dr. Forbes 642 Sir Nicholas Fortescue 66● ●. L. Ruthen E. of Forth, etc. 67● Sir Robert Foster 588 〈◊〉. Fowler 689 Sir Erasmus de la Fountain 649 〈◊〉. Mark Frank 680 ●r. Freeman 507 Dr. Ac. Frewen A. B. York 501 Sir Ferdinando Fisher 695 Mr. Jo. Friar 556 Dr. Thomas Fuller 523 Dr. William Fuller 509 G. Col. Henry Gage. ●78 ●ir Jo. Gair L. M. London 631 Sir F. Gamul 692 Sir Thomas Gardiner 587 Alderman Jo. Garnet 633 Alderman Geo. Garnet ib. Sir Henry Garraway L. M. London ib. Dr. Jo. Gauden Bp. of Worcester 602 Sir Arthur George's 697 Sir Gilbert Gerrard 557 Sir Francis Gerrard 669 Col. John Gerrard 557 Dr. Gifford 507 Sir John Girlington 681 Sergeant W. Glanvile 585 Sir Richard Gleddal 683 Sir Thomas Glenham 551 HENRY Duke of Gloucester 656 Dr. G. Goodman Bp. of Gloucester 601 Dr. Goad 594 Sir William Godolphin 694 Col. Sidney Godolphin ib. Sir Richard Goodhill 684 Lord Gordon 640 Col. Nath. Gordon 63● Dr. J●. Gorsack 531 Geo. Lord Goring E. of Norwich 56● Col. Gosnal 700 Ja. Lord Graham M. Montross 638 Lord Grandison 677 Dr. Grant 506 Anthony Lord Grace E. of Kent 635 Lord Grace of Ruthen 653 Col. Richard Green 696 Sir Bevil Greenvile 468 Mr. Joh. Gregory 86 Dr. Matthew Griffith 521 Mr. Grigson 636 Col. Hugh Grove 554 Sir R. Gurney L. M. London 625 H. Sir Thomas Haggerston 699 Mr. Hai●es 507 Dr. George Hakewill 540 Sir Jo. Hale 649 Sir Richard Halford ib. Sir Edward Hales 691 Mr. John Hales 606 Dr. Jo●. Hall Bp. of Norwich 411 Dr. Halsey 5●● Ja. Duke Hamilton E. of Cambridge 642 W. Duke Hamilton ib. Dr. Henry Hammond 381 Mr. Hansley 507 Sir John Harper 691 Mr. Harrison 637 Sir William Hart 699 Dr. William Harvey 70● Sir Richard Hastings 699 christopher Lord Hatton 691 Sir Stephen Hawkins 69● Jo Lord Ha● E. of Carlisle 676 Sir Robert Heath 584 Mr. Heath 507 Sir Thomas Helena 691 Sir John Helena 516, & 691 Walter Helena Esq 517 Mr. Alexander Henderson 707 Edw. Lord Herbert of Cherbury 372 Richard Lord Herbert 645 Sir Edward Herbert ib. Col. Charles Herbert ib. Col. Edward Herbert ib. Dr. Geo. Cook Bp. of Hereford 600 Dr. Nich. Monk Bp. of Hereford 610 Dr. Brown D. of Hereford 510 Col. George Heron 690 Dr. John Hewer 553 Dr. Peter Heylin 525 Dr. Heywood 512 Sir Willoughby Hickman 691 Sergeant Robert Hide 589 Sir Henry Hide 559 Dr. Edward Hide 541 Dr. Hill 507 Col. Jo. Hilton 699 Mr. Hinson 68● Serjeant Hodskins 589 Sir Robert Holborn 584 Dr. Richard Holdsworth 457 H. Earl of Holland 705 Ralph Lord Hopton 341 Sir Ingram Hopton 671 Thomas Hortop Esq 649 Sir Joh. Hotham and his Son 704 Sir Gilbert Houghton 699 Th. Lord Howard E. of Acundel 284 Col. Thomas Howard 670 L. C. Philip Howard ib. Dr. Thomas Howel 522 Mr. James Howel 522 Dr. Michael Hudson 624 Mr. Henry Hudson 691 Col. Hern 696 Mr. Humes 508 Col. Francis Hungate 696 Anthony Hungerford Esq 691 Col. Jo. Hungerford ib. Sir Fulk Hunks 666 Hen. Earl of Huntingdon 649 Sir Charles Husley 691 J. Dr. Thomas Jackson 68 Sir John Jacob 628 Dr. Jefferies 531 David Judge Jenkins 589 Dr. Jermin 507 Dr. Thomas Johnson 578 Dr. Will. Johnson A. D. of Hunt angton 701 Sir William Jones 649 Mr. Jones 688 Mr. Thomas Jones 689 Mr. Inigo Jones 577 Dr. Isaacson 50● Dr W. Juxon A. B. of Cant. 595 K. Sir Nicholas Kemish 682 Edw. Lord Littleton, Lord Keeper 582 Col. Posthumus Kerton 694 Lord Kilmurrey ib. Sir Jo. Finch, Lord Keeper 52 Mr. Kensey 556 Anthony Lord Grace E. of Kent 635 Dr. R. Kettle 542 Mr. Kibbuts 507 ●r. Philip King ib. General King 674 Rob. Lord Pierpoint E. of Kingston 434 Dr. W. Bedle Bp. of Kilm●●● 605 Lord Kilport 639 Mr. Daniel Kniveton 564 L. Col. Laglin 639 Sir Joh. Lamb 593 Dr. Lamb 513 Sir William Lambton 671 Sir Richard Lane 594 Sir Valentine Lane 699 Dr. Gerard Langbain 517 Sir Marmaduke Langdale 549 Dr. W. Laud A. B. Cant. 225 Mr. Lance 52● Dr. Laurence 54● Mr. Joh. Laurence 55● Mr. William Laws 62● Sir Richard Lawdy 67● Sir John Lawson 64● Col. Leak 67● Mr. Leak ib. Mr. Leech 507 Fr. Lord Leigh E. of Chichester 653 Mr. Hamond L'Estrange 707 Dr. Levens 56● Sir R. Leveson 66● Ja. Lord Ley Earl of Marlborough 648 Dr. Th. Winniff Bp. of Lincoln 538 Rob. Lord Bartue E. of Lindsey 306 Mount. Lord Bartue E. of Lindsey 315 Sir George Lisle 478 Major Lisle 698 Dr. Rob. Wright Bp. of Litchfield 600 Bern. Lord Stuart E. of Litchfield 327 Edw. Lord Littleton L. Keeper 58● Dr. Littleton 50● Sir Evan Lloyd 661 Dr. D. Lloyd D. of St. Asaph 613 Dr. George Wild Bp. of London-derry 622 Mr. Loss 689 Sir Charles Lucas 47● Mr. John Lucas 556 Sir Herbert Lunsford 58● Sir Thomas Lunsford ib. Col. Henry Lunsford 658 Mr. William Lyford 608 Mr. Simon Lynch 635 M. Mr. Maden 513 Col. Richard Manning 67● Ch. L. Cavendish Visc. Mansfield 672 Sir William Manwaring 681 Dr. Rog. Manwaring Bp. of St. David's 270 Mr. Marbury 507 Jo. L. Napier of Marchiston 64● Ja. L. ●ey E. of Marleborough 64● Col. John Marrow 66● Dr. Sam. Marsh D. of York 50● Dr. Edward Marten 53● Dr. Edward Martin D. of Ely 46● Sir Henry Martin 59● Mr. Mason 506 Sir Anthony Maunsel 681 Dr. Francis Maunsel 54● Prince MAURICE 656 Dr. Jo. Maxwel A. B. St. Andrews 643 Major Mercalf 700 Sir Thomas ●. etham 671 Dr. Michelson 687 Sir Francis Middleton 696 Sir Richard Minshul 688 Rich. Lord Visc. Molineux 695 Col. Roger Molineux 69● Dr. Nicholas Monk Bp. of Hereford 61● Hen. L. Cary E. of Monmouth 65● Sir Robert Cary E. of Monmouth ib. Sir John Monson 699 Ja. L. Graham M. Montross 638 Jo. L. Mordant E. of Peterborough 659 H. Lord Mordant E. of Peterborough ib. Col. Thomas Morgan 670 Col. Jo. Morris 563 Dr. Morrison 594 Dr. Th. Morton Bp. of Duresm 43● Dr. James Mountford 53● Dr. John Mountford ib. Lord Muskerry 678 Col. Mynne 664 Sir Christopher Mynnes 647 N. Jo. Lord Napier of March●ston 640 Sir Philip Nesbil 639 Sir Francis Nethersole 636 Francis Nevil Esq 549 Mountjoy Lord Blunt E. of Newport 651 Dr. Jo. ●icholas D. of St. Paul's 609 Sir Martin Noel 629 Mr Noel 688 Mr. Edward Norgate 634 Sp. Lord Compton E. of Northampt. 353 Geo. Lord Goring E. of Norwich 566 Dr. Jos. Hall Bp. of Norwich 411 O. William Lord Ogle 675 Sir Thomas Ogleby 639 Mr. Alexander Ogleby ib. Col. Okian ib. Dr. Oldish 689 Dr. John Oliver 543 Col. Oneal 664 Dr. Lambert Osbaston 616 Col. Jo. Osburn 699 Mr. William Oughrred 608 Sir John Owen 568 Dr John Owen 569 Mr. Owen 570 Dr. W. Paul Bp. of Oxon. 611 P. Mr. Ephraim Pagit 510 Mr. James Palmer 512 Dr. Samuel Pask 504 Dr. W. Paul Bp. Oxon. 611 Dr. Jo. Nicholas D. of St. Paul's 609 Dr. Jo. Barwi●●k D. of St. Paul's 610 John Lord Pawler 652 Sir John Pawlet 675 Sir Robert Peak 577 Dr. John Pearson 612 Sir William Penniman 643 Sir John Pennington 646 Col. John Pen●●ddock 555 Col. Pert 665 Dr. John Tower's Bp. of Peterborough 601 Jo. Lord Mordant E. of Peterborough 659 H. Lord Mordant E. of Peterborough 659 Henry Lord Piercy 683 Col. William Pretty 665 Robert Lord Pierpoint E. of Kingston 434 Mr. Pigot 507 Col. Pinchback 696 Sir Paul Pindar 632 Dr. Robert Pink 544 Dr. Pit ib. Dr. Pocklington 512 Sir Hugh Pollard 648 Col. Richard Poor 665 Mr. Endymion Porter 657 Ch. Lord Weston E. of Portland 678 Jer. Lord Weston E. of Portland ib. Dr. Potter Bp. of Carlisle 153 Dr. Ch. Potter D. of Worcester 544 Dr. Hannibal Potter 54● Dr. John Pottinger 616 Dr. John Prideaux 53● Col. Ralph Pudsey 694 Sir Walter Pie 673 Q. Francis Quarles Esq 621 R. Sir George Ratcliff 148 Dr. Ratcliff 544 Col. Cuthbert Ratcliff 694 Sir Thomas Reeves 592 Sir Ab. Reynardson L. M. Lond. 630 Dr. Jo. Richardson Bp. of Ardah 607 Ja. Duke of Richmond 334 Eliz. Countess of Rivers. 688 Dr. W. Roberts Bp. of Bangor 599 Dr. Roberts 530 Sir R. Roberts 649 Lord Wilmot E. of Rochester 464 Dr. Jo. Warner Bp. of Rochester. 601 Mr. Rogers 507 Dr. W. Chapel Bp. of Ross 607 P. Ruthen E. of Forth, etc. 674 Jo. Lord Rutherford E. of Tiveot 707 S. Mr. Edw. Sackvile 689 Col. Sr. George 694 Sir Thomas St. Leaguer 664 Dr. Jo. Davenant Bp. of Salisbury 281 Dr. B Duppa Bp. of Salisbury 598 Sir Thomas Salisbury 661 Mr. William Salisbury 660 Dr. Robert Sanderson 531 Col. Sandys 668 Mr. George Sandys 637 Rear-Admiral Sansum 678 Sir Thomas Savile E. of Sussex 652 Sir William Savile 683 Col. Scot 668 Sir Gervase Scroop 660 Mr. John Selden 518 W. Lord Seymor D. of Somerset 546 Sir John Shepington 649 Mr. Charles Sherburn 670 Dr. John Sherman 619 Mr. Josias Shute 293 Dr. Robert Sibthorp 277 Captain Simkins 558 Dr. Edward Simson 614 Sir Henry Skipwith 649 Sir Nicholas Slanning 657 Sir Henry Slingsby 552 Sir John Smith 658 Dr. William Smith 541 Sir Thomas Soams 630 Henry Lord Somerset ● Worcester 573 J. Lord Somerset M. Worcester ib. Th. Lord Wriothsley E. of S●utham. 661 H. Lord Spencer E. of Sunderland 431 Sir John Spotswood 641 Sir Robert Spotswood ib. Mr. John Squire 508 Mr. Edward Stacy 554 Sir Richard Stainer 647 ●r. Stamp 507 Col. Philip Stanhop 651 Ja. Lord Stanley E. of Derby 572 Sir Brian Stapleton 68● Mr. Samuel Stone 508 Sir John Stowel 653 Major Gen. Sir H. straddling 654 Col. Edward straddling ib. Col. Jo. straddling ib. Col. Thomas straddling ib. Sir Th. Lord Wentworth E. of Straff. 1 ●r. Alexander Strange 636 Sir Giles Strangeway● 690 Sir Ja. Strangeways ib. Dr. Stringer 544 Sir George Stroud 631 Bern. Lord Stuart E. of Lichfield 327 John Lord Stuart 324 Dr. R. Stuart D. Westminster 609 D. Stiles 511 Sir John Suckling 157 Dr. Swaddling 523 Mr. Swift 688 Mr. Humphrey Sydenham 624 Mr. Edward ●ymonds 613, 687 T. Mr. Tabor 513 Edward Talbot Esq 67● Dr. J. Taylor Bp. of Down & Connor 702 Col. Tailor 665 ●ajor Tempest 645 Col. Anthony Thelwall 661 Mr. Thomkins 56● Mr. Thorp 556 Mr. Ed. Thurman 531 Col. Henry tiler 666 Jo. Lord Rutherford E. of Tiveot 607 Dr. Tolson 544 Dr. Jo. Towers Bp. of Peterborough 601 Mr. Charles Townley 670 Sir Cecil Trafford 66● Col. Francis Trafford ib. Col. Trevanian 658 Baron Trevor 137 Col. Mark Trevor 14● Arthur Trevor Esq 144 Mr. John Trevor 143 Sir Thomas Tilsley 692 Jo. Lord Tufton E. of Thanet 663 Mr. Tuke 507 Sir Troilus Tubervile 669 Mr. Anthony Tyringham 689 V. Sir William Vavasor 676 Sir William Vaughan 576 Mr. Ephraim Udal 507 Duke of Vendosm 688 Sir Edmund Verney 351 marquess de Vieuvil 682 Francis Lord Villiers 678 Sir George Villiers 649 L. Col. Edward Villiers 676 Mr. Michael Vivan 636 Dr. Vivian 635 Mr. Vochier 507 Mr. Peter Vowel 558 W. Sir William Walcot 691 Sir Edward Walgrave 659 Dr. Isaac Walton Bp. of Chester 513 Col. William Walton 694 Dr. Samuel Ward 163 Mr. Seth Ward 167 Mr. Ward 508 Mr. Warfield 507 Dr. Warmstrey D. of Worcester 624 Dr. Jo. Warner Bp. of Rochester 601 Col. T. & H. Warren 692 Col. H. Washington 664 Dr. William Wats 504 Dr. Weeks 512 Sir Th. Lord Wentworth F. of Straff. 1 Th. Lord Wentworth E. of Cleveland 570 Sir William Wentworth 683 Lord Wentworth 571 Dr. Th. Westfield Bp. of Bristol 300 Dr. R. Stuart D. of Westminster 609 Fr. Lord Fane E. of Westmoreland 650 ●ildm. Lord Fane E. of Westmoreland ib. Ch. Lord Weston E. of Portland 678 Jer. Lord Weston E. of Portland 678 Sir Richard Weston 145 Mr. Weston 505 Col. Tho. Wheatly 696 Mr. Abraham Wheelock 517 Col. Whi●by 696 Sir George Whitmore 630 Mr. Wiborow 689 W. Lord Widdrington 679 Dr. Geo. Wild Bp. of London-derry 622 Dr. Wilford D. of Ely 615 Dr. Jo. Williams A. B. of York 375 Francis Lord Willoughby 706 Lord Wilmot E. of Rochester 464 Dr. Wimberly 507 Marquis of Winchester 577 Sir Francis Windebank 62 Col. Hugh Windham 654 Dr. Th. Winniff Bp. of Lincoln 538 Sir John Wolstenholm 629 H. Lord Somerset M. Worcesler 573 Jo. Lord Somerset M. Worcester 575 Dr. Ch. Potter D. of Worcester 544 Dr. Jo. Gauden Bp. of Worcester 602 Dr Mat. Wren Bp. of Ely 611 Dr. Rob. Wright Bp. of Coventry 600 Sir Edm. Wright L. M. London 630 Mr. Wright 689 Th. Lord Wriothsley E. of Southamp. 661 Sir Lodowick Wyer 682 Col. William Wynne 665 Col. Hugh Wynne 682 Y. Mr. Yeoman's 565 Dr. Ac. Frewen A. B. York 501 Dr. Jo. Williams A. B. York 375 Dr. Sam. March D. of York 502 Z. Dr. Richard Zouch 545 PREPARATIVES TO The last Civil War, From 1550 to 1640. AS in Nature there is hardly a Poison growing any where, but in the same place there groweth an Antidote against it; so in Nations, seldom do the loose principles of Licentiousness, Rebellion, and Disorder prevail so universally, but that in the same Nation the more excellent principles of Reason, Religion, Laws, and Allegiance, bear up against them. Various have been the shapes and pretences, under which the Lusts of men (for all the disorders in the world, are nothing else but Lust, casting off the restraint God hath laid upon it by Government) have endeavoured (since God set up Government to keep men civil and quiet in this world, as he did Religion to prepare them for another world) to shake and invalidate the obligations both of Religion and Government in all places of the world (for most pretences last but an Age, in which time they are looked through, exploded, abhorred, and must be shifted.) How men willing to live at the highest freedom of a loose Nature, have in this Nation endeavoured in several generations to overthrow all the Checks, Restraints, Rules, and Disciplines of Religion, is not so properly the business of this place, as it is commonly the subject of every discourse elsewhere. The pretensions and appearances under which those that have made a pretty good shift to suppress all those Principles of Honesty, Sobriety and Obedience that Religion kerbed them withal within, would likewise in this Nation overrule all Power, Authority, Order and Laws, that keep them within compass from without, when those unruly Lusts, Pride, Ambition, Animosity, Discontent, Popularity, Revenge, etc. would overrun all those Banks that were raised against them; have been 1. The Dubiousness of the Royal Title, the ground of thirty six Rebellions, one hundred forty six Battle since the Conquest: In all which though the Rebels were usually the most, the loyalists were always the best: and when the many followed sometimes a prosperous Villainy, the most noble and excellent stood to, or fell with an afflicted right, and bore down all umbrages with this real truth, That the Crown took off all defects, and that any man may pretend arguments to begin a War, when but few can make arguments, when it is begun, to make an end of it. 2. The Liberty of the Subject, forsooth, the old Quarrel for which the Throng and Rabble would venture much, when wiser men maintained, that there was no greater oppression in the world, than a Liberty for men to do what they pleased; and that Government is the great security of freedom. 3. Religion, for whose sake so many resisted Authority, when one of the Maxims of this Religion is, that none should resist upon pain of damnation: and albeit the Factious in all Ages have been many, that have taught men for Religion's sake to disobey Authority; yet the sober in those Ages have been as many, that taught them, that for Religion-sake they should obey them that have the rule over them. But when towards the last, that is, the worst Ages of the world, wickedness grows wiser upon the experiences and observations of former times, and twists all these pretensions into one; there have been excellent persons that with their lives and fortunes asserted Government, and have been Confessors and Martyrs to this great truth, That it is upon no pretence law●●l to resist the Supreme Authority of a Nation: a truth that keeps up the world, without which it had been long ere this a desolation. Upon the Reformation in Henry the eighth's time, it fell out in England, as Luther observes it did in most other reformed Churches, that the Papists finding that their way was so odious, that it was to no purpose for it to appear here with open face to settle itself, therefore did they under several covert pretexts and cunning scruples, endeavour to unsettle all other ways; and when it could not establish itself, to hinder all other Professions from being established, that at least they might watch some opportunities, whereof there are many offered in distracted times. For no sooner was our Church settled on the Primitive principles of Religion and Government, than some of those that fled into the free States, and the places of popular reformation in Germany, returning when most preferments were gone, and living upon the Liberality of well-disposed People, set up some popular scruples against the established Government: A. E. 6. 4. 1550. and among the rest, john Hooper having been long in Switzerland, upon his election to be Bishop of Gloucester, scrupled several Ornaments and Rights of our Church; the Earl of Warwick, afterwards Duke of Northumberland (having a design to oblige all Parties in order to a project he had set up to convey the Crown to his own family, to preserve the Reformation, though he died a Papist) writes to Archbishop Cranmer to dispense with the public Laws, to satisfy a private man's humour; and when his Letter would not do, makes the young King write another: and now Cranmer and Ridley stand up for these great Principles of Government: Let private Spirits yield to public establishments: there is no end of yielding to scruples, one scruple indulged begetting another, so long, till there be no more Law than pleaseth the humoursome: be well advised in making Laws, and resolute in keeping them. Notwithstanding that the learned and wise Ridley suffered almost as much for his asserting the Government of our Church at that rate from the Puritans, as he did afterwards for asserting the Doctrine of it, from the Papists: he was Martyr to the Protestant Church, and a Confessor to the Church of England; Hooper not being reconciled to him until the Sun of their lives was going down; and their heartburning upon this occasion was not quenched, A. Ed. 6. 7. 1553. till the Fire was kindled that burned both their bodies. The Lord Admiral Seymour was a backfriend to Common-Prayer; and old Latimer takes him and others up for it: I have heard say, when that the good Queen that is gone, had ordained in her house daily Prayers, both before noon and afternoon; the Admiral getteth him out of the way, like a mole digging in the earth: he shall be Lot's wife to me as long as I live. He was, I heard say, a covetous man, a covetous man indeed: I would there were no more in England. He was I heard say a seditious man, a contemner of Common-Prayer: I would there were no more in England. Well! he is gone, I would he had left none behind him. Yea, when the death of King Edward the sixth put an end to these differences among Protestants, but putting an end to the public profession of the Protestant Religion itself in this Nation; the forementioned scruples accompanied some hot-Spirited men to their exiles under Queen Mary. Q. M. 2. 3. 1557/ 8. When Master Calvin's Authority, who forsooth observed some Tolerabiles Ineptiâ in our establishment; and Master Knox, Master Whittingam, Goodman, and Fox's zeal cried down the whole Platform of our English Reformation; the judgement and gravity of Master Horn, afterwards Bishop of Winchester, the learning of Bishop Poynet and jewel, the piety and prudence of Doctor Sands and Doctor Cox, the moderation and calmness of Master (afterwards Archbishop) Grindall, and Chambers, the Reputation of Sir john Cheek, Sir Anthony Cook, Francis (afterwards Sir Francis) Knolles, bore it up, until it pleased God that with Queen Elizabeth it was again established and restored by the Law of the Realm. In the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, Q. El. 1. 1560/ 1. all persons were so intent upon obviating the Public Dangers, that they had no leisure to mind particular Animosities (though as the Danow and the Savus in Hungary run with particoloured Waters in the same Channel, so the several sorts of Protestants upon that alteration, with several Opinions maintained the same Religion) until the year 1563. when the Canons and Articles of the Church being confirmed, the Governors of the Church began, as it was their duty, to press Conformity; and they whom it concerned to oppose that Establishment refused subscription, Father Fox (as Queen Elizabeth used to call him) pulling out his Greek Testament, and saying, He would subscribe to that, and that he had nothing in the Church save a Prebend of Salisbury; and if they would take that away, much good may it do them. Laurence Humphred determining something the Adiaphoris, non juxtà cum Ecclesia Anglicanâ: They are Camden's own words. Nay, Anthony Gibby of Lincolnshire declaring in Print, That the Ceremonies were the known Liveries of Antichrist, accursed Leaven of the blasphemous Popish Priesthood, cursed patches of Popery and Idolatry: they are worse than lousy; for they are sib to the Sarke of Hercules, that made him tear his own bowels asunder. Doctor Samson Dean of Christ-Church being propter Puritanismum Exauctoratus: Whittingam and Goodman backing their Schism with Treason, 1567. in a Book they writ in defence of Wyatt: nay, some of them growing so bold, as being convented before Doctor Grindall then Bishop of London, to answer this Question of his; Have not we a godly Prince, speak, is she evil? Thus White; What a Question is that, the fruit doth show. Thomas rowland's, No, but the Servants of God are persecuted under her. R. Hawkins, Why the Psalmist answereth this Question, How can they have understanding that work wickedness, spoiling my people, and that extol vanity? Nay, from single Affronts to Government, they proceed to Conventicles in Fields, Woods, and Friends Houses; and not only so, but Thomas Cartwright the Bell-wether of Nonconformity, presents the Parliament 1572. with a Book called Admonition, a Title not well resented in Parliament, since Admonition is but the lowest degree of Ecclesiastical Censure, and a Preparative, if neglected, to Suspension and Excommunication; wherein were several Grievances represented, with this only Redress prescribed, viz. The admission of that Platform which the Presbyterians there exhibited. And since one modest Admonition would not do, another more severe followeth, and a Reply to Doctor Whitgift's Answer to the Admonition, with a world of Libels and Pamphlets, which they called, The new way to work, following that Reply; they judging it a good way, to turn serious Books into Satirical Pamphlets. Find they did so many Friends and Patrons within the Parliament and without, that they erected a Presbytery in Wandsworth; slighted such sober men even of their own Scruples, as Master Fox and Doctor Humphred set up Exercises called Prophesyings, irregularly and dangerously carrying on Meetings of ill consequence at Cock field in Suf●olk, at Cambridge and London; draw up a Platform of Discipline at London; petition the Privy-Council, and engage several of them in the Quarrel, particularly Leicester, Burleigh (Traverse his Patron) and Walsingham, as appears by their Letters to Archbishop Whitgift; procure a Conference at Lambeth with the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, before the Lords of the Council; set up an Assembly of Ministers to sit Jig by Joul with the Convocation in London; engaged so many Lords and Commons, under the pretence of the Liberty of the Subject, the Grievances of Pluralities and Non-residences, Ecclesiastical Courts and Jurisdictions, to shake the Established Government, as forced Archbishop Whitgift to repair with an humble Petition to the Queen to stand by her own Authority as Supreme in all Causes and over all Persons, as well Ecclesiastical as Civil, in these her Majesty's Realms and Dominions. The Lord Burleigh himself was so importuned by them against our Liturgy, that he desired them to draw up a better; as they had done, but that they could not agree. Nay, some persons private Interests making use of, and closing with these Public Disturbances, the Commons come up with a sixteen-fold Petition against the Church to the Lords; and many of the Lords were so high, that nothing would satisfy my Lord Grey less than the turning out of all the Bishops by Praemunire then, as they had been in King Henry the Eighth's time; and that the Queen should not confer with the Bishops but in the presence of the Temporal Lords. A bold Proposal, as an honourable Lord then observed, that the Lords should appoint her Majesty whom she should confer withal. And no wonder now, that such Pamphlets, as, The Epitome, The Demonstration of Discipline, The Supplication, Diotrephes, The Minerals, Have you any work for the Cooper? Martin Marprelate Senior and junior, Have you any more work for Cooper's? flew abroad so much, that the Synod at Coventry acted so boldly as they did in their Thirteen Canons, as a man may call them; And that they began to write to one another in this Style, We look for Bickering ere long, and then a Battle which cannot long endure. A boldness excusable, when both the Kings of Scots and Denmark interposed in their behalf: yea, and some of them, as Hacket and Arthington, set up Designs to murder the Queen, and the Privy-Council; Traverse himself, though otherwise reserved and wary, breaking out in his Temple-Lectures, to open opposition against Mr. Hooker the Master of it, and the great Champion of the Church of England. And because they began to be ashamed to make such a stir about Rites, Ceremonies, etc. they added some Sabbatarian Speculations, and bold Controversies of God's Decrees, to put weight into the Quarrel, and brave that the World might take them not for light Scruplers about indifferent things, but the strong Astertors of the Power of Godliness, viz. in the keeping of the Sabbath, etc. the design of Dr. Bounds Book of the Sabbath. To this height the Impugners of Government and Discipline arrived at in Queen Elizabeth's time, in whose Reign these Champions withstood them, viz. 1. The Queen, true to her Motto, Semper eadem, would not either by their Greatness, Number, or Importunity, that maintained the Faction, be moved to the least diminution of her Authority in Causes Ecclesiastical; yea, and in her latter days, when she observed how the Church and State was overborne by them, she grew very severe towards them, as udal, Penry, and Cartwright felt; they at the Assizes, and this in the Star-Chamber, till he saved himself by an humble submission. 2. The Privy-Council always in Church-Affairs (however some Members of it had a kindness for the Faction) went along with the Archbishop. 3. The Archbishops, Parker and Whitgift, notwithstanding the many and great Difficulties they met with, kept up the Authority of the Canons, and required subscription. 4. Fulke, Hooker, and Rogers, kept up the Authority of the Church in Writing. Although the Queen was often by them in danger of her life, the Archbishops made weary of their Lives and Government; Mr. Hooker was heartbroken with Calumnies and Oppositions; all the Bishops and Ministers of the Church rendered as odious and ridiculous as the Wit and Malice of men could make them. The stout Bishop of Exeter went with honourable Scars from the Factions malicious Tongues and Pens to his Grave. Archbishop Whitgift not only felt the Fury of this Sect, when Master of Trinity-college in Cambridge, at what time Carwright was also a Member of that House, kept a Fast there in his absence, and persuaded all the Scholars, but two or three, to throw off their Surplices, as they did, till the good Master returned home. Nor did he only complain of the continual opposition that he met with, when Regius Professor, from Mr. Cartwright, at the same time Margaret Professor in the same University; nor of the Indefatigable pains he took to answer Cartwrights Admonitions to the Parliament, and to reply to Cartwrights Answers, till his Antagonist laid down the Cudgels. For these were inconsiderable troubles given him, when we reflect on the great Oppositions and dangerous Motions in Parliament, that forced him twice on his knees to the Queen, entreating the continuance of her Grace and Favour towards him and the Church the first time, and with grief of heart (they are his own words) craving her Majesty's protection the second: And add to them the several Contrasts he had with the Lords, by whom in Council, upon their sending to him the Complaints of the Norfolk-Ministers against Bishop Preak of Norwich, and of the Kentish-Ministers against himself; he was forced to write, that it was Irregular for Ministers to address themselves to the Council-Table, in Affairs of the Church, wherein he alone was Entrusted by God and her Majesty; and to tell them, that it was not for the Queen to sit in her Throne, if such men might so boldly offer themselves to reason and dispute, 1582, 1583, as in their Bill they vaunt, against the state established in matter of Religion; nor for himself to keep his place, if every Curate within his Diocese or Province, may be permitted so to use him; it being impossible, as he saith, for him to perform the Duty which her Majesty looked for at his hands, if he might not without Interruption, proceed in that which her Highness had especially committed unto him. And that the disorderly flocking and gadding from place to place was dangerous; concluding, that the sending for him to appear before the Council-Table as a Party, and to call his doings in question (which from her Majesty were immediately committed unto him, and wherein he supposed he had no other Judge but herself) and this upon the suggestion of unlearned, despicable, and troublesome men (the meanest and fewest of the places where they lived) was a thing unexpected from them, from whom, as their Pastor, he expected all aid and assistance in his Office, for the quietness of the Church and State, the Credit of the established Religion, and the maintenance of the Laws made for the same Neither was this all; alas, what a sad Complaint doth this Reverend Person make against one Beal Clerk of the Council, who reviled and threatened him to his face, if he proceeded to put the Ecclesiastical Laws in execution as he had done? telling him boldly, loudly, and bitterly, That he would overthrow the Church, and that his hands should be shortly stopped: His words are, That were it not for his Conscience, and well-grounded persuasion in the things he did, the peace of the Church, her Majesty, and some Noble Lords constancy to him in the Service, he should hardly be able to endure so great a Burden. Nay, writing to my Lord Hatton, the good Archbishop saith, That my Lord Hatton's kindness did not a little comfort him, having received (saith he) not long since, unkind speeches where I least looked for them, only for doing my duty in the most necessary Business which I have in hand: disobedient wilful persons, (I will term them no worse) are animated, Laws contemned, her Majesty's Will and Pleasure little regarded, and the Executors thereof in word and deed abused: Howbeit these Overthwarts grieve me, yet I thank God, (so the good Prelate goeth on) I am contented to sustain all these Displeasures, and fully resolved not to depend upon Man, but upon God and her Majesty. If you (saith he to my Lord Burleigh) take the part of unlearned, young, ambitious Disturbers of Order, against the established State of Religion, and forsake me, especially in so good a Cause; I shall think my coming to this place to be for my punishment; and my very hard hap, that when I think to deserve best, and in a manner to consume myself, to satisfy that which God, her Majesty, the Church requireth of me, I should be evil rewarded; and having risen early, and sat up late, to give all men satisfaction, have my Labour lost, and called wilful, Papist, Knave, and charged, that I require men to subscribe, only to maintain my own Book, and so sacrifice the public to my own private Reputation. These were the sufferings of Whitgift. Dr. Fulke for writing against the Brownists, professeth that he had not an hours rest for twelve years together. And how bold Traverse was set up in the Temple against modest Hooker; How the loud Lectures of the first of these were cried up, against the solid Sermons of the other; What siding and bandying there was in the House; What confuting in the Afternoon of what was proved in the Morning; What Addresses to the Lords of the Council; And how meek Mr. Hooker, weary of the Contrast, was forced to retire, is obvious to all that do but dip into the History of Queen Elizabeth's time; not to mention either Dr. Baroe, or Mr. Barrets Sufferings in Cambridge, with Dr. Howson and Mr. Land's at Oxford, for Anti-Calvimsm, which was only another little occasion found to quarrel with Authority, and to draw in more persons to their Party: many learned men who favoured not the Faction in point of Calvinistical Discipline, yet were very Indulgent and serviceable to them in respect to their Calvinistical Doctrine. Well, during Queen Elizabeth's Reign, the Quarrel being confined within the Church and Schools, few acted or suffered thereby besides Churchmen and Scholars; the Laity of the Nobility and Commons seldom engaging either way further than by private tampering, encouraging, interceding, motioning, etc. and none of them suffering any further, than that if they stood to the great and generous Principles of Government and Religion, they were censured as Papists, profane Enemies of the Power of Godliness, etc. or so. But upon the Entrance of King james, whom the Factious thought a Presbyterian from his Cradle, as frighted to their way in his Mother's belly; the Laity and Clergy began to side more openly: Dr. Nevil, Dean of Canterbury, was not so soon with that King, from Archbishop Whitgift, and the rest of the Clergy, as Mr. Lewis Pickering, a Northamptonshire Gentleman, waited upon him from the Presbyterians; upon whose return, judging by the King's temper, that they who had most Voices and Friends were likely to carry it, at least, for Liberty and Toleration, (a great Multitude was thought by them a strong Argument with that Prince) they set up the millemanus Petition, called so, for the thousand hands they pretended were to it: (Mr. Cartwright in the mean time Caressing his Majesty with all the Presbyterian Courtships in the world, in an Epistle Dedicatory to his Latin Commentary on Ecclesiastes) with the Importunity whereof, together with the Mediation of some Lords, especially the Scotch, (for now Presbytery had got a whole Nation, I mean Scotland, of their side) there was a Conference held at Hampton-Court before the King and the Lords of the Council, between eight Bishops, eight Deans, and two other Divines, on the one side; Dr. Reynolds, Dr. Sparkes, Mr. Knewstubs, and Mr. Chadderton, on the other: The issue whereof, notwithstanding the Suggestions wherewith they had prepossessed his Majesty, and the powerful Intercession of many Grandees, was much beyond their expectation; the King declaring, that if that be all the Presbyterians have to say, which they said there, they should Conform, or he would hurry them out of the Land, or do worse: whereupon another Petition is out of hand carried on, and Hands not so much gathered, as scraped to it; (Mr. George Goring (afterwards Earl of Norwich) being, in the right of his zealous Mother, one of the Subscribers, when he was so young as to know but little, and care less for Church-Government) and the thing not so much to be presented to his Majesty to incline him, as to be scattered up and down the Nation, to Enrage and Engage the People, some great ones consenting to it, and some potent strangers (i.e. Scots) undertaking to conduct and manage it. Insomuch that Archbishop Whitgift fearing a stronger Assault of Non-Conformists against Church-Discipline, than his Age-feebled body should be able to withstand, desired that he might not live to see the Parliament that was to be 1603/4; and indeed he did not, for he died before it of a Cold, got by going one cold Morning to Fulham, to consult with the Bishops and other learned men, what was best to be done for the Church in the next Parliament. And though after his death, wise and resolute Bishop Bancroft secured the Church-government by an hundred forty one Canons, against all Innovations: And the Puritans were grown to such a degree of odiousness with King james, and some Courtiers, that the very Family of love made a Petition to King james, to be distinguished from them, as either ashamed or afraid to be of their Number. Yea, and though the wise King had silenced all the popular Pretensions with his wise Maxim, No Bishop, no King, yet Bishop Bancroft suffered so much in Libels (the Squibs and Paper-Guns that made way for the Gunning that followed) that a Gentleman bringing him one of them that he had taken up, was desired to lay it up in such a place, where, he said, there were an hundred more of that nature; and was censured for a Papist while he lived, and had the brethren's good word when he died, to this purpose; Here lies his Grace in cold Clay clad, Who died for want of what he had. And upon his altering of his Will: He who never repented of doing ill, Repent that once he made a good Will. An Assembly in Aberdeen made a fearful work in Scotland. An Insurrection was made in Warwickshire, under pretence indeed of throwing down the Enclosures of some Fields, but indeed to overthrow those of the Church and State. There were three days hot Contest, 1607. between the Bishops and Judges, before the King, about the Limitations of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Courts, and about Prohibitions. Then the dangerous Book called, The Interpreter, came out: And therewith so much fear, jealousy, and suspicion, as caused the Lords and Commons, and the whole Realm, to take anew the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy; and so many strange Motions were made in the Parliament, continued for six years together, that the King thought fit by Proclamation to dissolve it. The Faction that would, forsooth, redress Grievances in the Church, to make their Party the more, take in hand all the Grievances in the State. So that no sooner was a man discontented upon any occasion, but he was made a Puritan straight, some of that Party taking his Cause in hand; insomuch, that they were looked upon as the Patrons of the Subjects Liberty, and the best Patriots and Commonwealths-men, all others being esteemed Betrayers of their Country, and Court-Parasites. And now they were broke in Parliament, they trouble the Bishops and others in every Court, countenancing Offenders, teaching them to elude the Law, vexing Ecclesiastical Courts with Prohibitions, endeavouring to overthrow his Majesty's Power over the Church, in the Star-Chamber, and High-Commission. Poor Dr. Howson is suspended at Oxford, Propter Conciones minus Orthodoxas, & offensionis plenas: Only for discovering the danger of admitting the Geneva-Notes. Mr. Lawd censured both for a Sermon and a Position, by the same party: Yea, and learned Selden le's fly upon all the Parsonage-Barns, the dreadfullest storm that they had endured a long time, in a Book called, The History of Tithes. In the Preface to which Book, he lets fly as desperately against the persons of the Orthodox Clergy, as he had done in the body of it, against their Maintenance. Dr. Mocket no sooner published his Politica Ecclesiae Anglicanae, to satisfy the World, but his Book was burned, and his heart broken, to satisfy a Faction; though very learned and good men were by them set against his Book: They like the Cat, putting others upon that hot service, whereon they would not venture their own paws. What ill Offices were done Bishop Laud and Bishop Neale, to King james, by the Lord Chancellor Elsemere, upon the Instigation of Dr. Abbot the Archbishop of Canterbury: How Bishop Laud was opposed in the matter of his Election to the Headship of St. John's: What rencounters there were between him and Bishop Williams, whom that Party had incensed against him: The Rattling he had from the Archbishop of Canterbury, for but procuring poor Vicars some ease in the point of Subsidies, the Archbishop pretending that he meddled too much with Public Affairs; though the Duke of Buckingham, and Bishop Williams himself confessed, that it was the best service that had been done the Church for seven years before. These, and many more the great sufferings of men well-affected to the Government of the Church, are notorious in King james his time, but not so eminent as those in King Charles his days. When the King being engaged by them in a War and other Troubles, (for it was at their request, that Prince Charles moved his Father to declare a War against the Spaniard) they being kerbed all the Reign of King james, thought they had the only opportunity that men could wish in the world: for the King could not go to War without Money and Men; these they had taught the People could not be raised without their Consent in Parliament, where among the discontented and illbred Gentlemen (whom the Non-Conformists had bred up; for when you could hear little of them in the Church, in the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, and throughout King james, they lurked as Schoolmasters and Chaplains in gentlemen's houses.) They had a great stroke (and so great, that the Duke of Buckingham, by Dr. Preston, did a great while court the Puritan Faction) and nothing would they gra●t the King, unless he would let them do what was good in their own eyes. King Charles having the Care of three Kingdoms entrusted with him by the Laws of God and the Land, and finding the danger they were brought into, called upon the Parliament to assist him with such Tribute and Contribution as might be proportionable to the greatness of his Affairs: they considering the straight he was reduced into, resolved that they would redress Grievances before they would yield any Subsidies: To that purpose they make bold to question his greatest and dearest Favourites and Statesmen; and first, the Duke of Buckingham, against whom they set the Earl of Bristol; and when he could make nothing of it, the House of Commons its self, with thirteen Articles attaqued that great Person, who had no fault, as it seems by his Replies, but his great Place, and his Prince's Favour; that Party designing thereby to make it dangerous for any person to give the King faithful Counsel, or to assist him in keeping up the Government, unless in compliance with them; as they made it more than evident, when they offered the Duke with their Interest upon some Conditions to bring him off. Here is the first blow at the greatest stay of Government, the King's Majesty's Council. The next thing they do, notwithstanding the great danger of the Kingdom, is to declare, That they must clear the Liberty and Propriety of the Subject, that (forsooth they are the Demagog●es own words) they might know, whether they could call any thing their own, before they should give the King any thing. And when Nature, Policy, and Religion, taught the World, that his Majesty who had the Care of the Kingdom, must not let it perish for the humour of some people, that would allow nothing towards the maintenance either of themselves, or it; (choosing, as one Turner said openly in the House, Rather to fall into the hands of Enemies abroad, than to submit to the Government, as then established, at home.) And some Divines preached (what is great reason) That his Majesty being Entrusted by God with a Power to defend his Kingdom, must have a power too by all means to raise Men and Money in spite of any malicious Factions, wherewith he may defend it. For this, Dr. Mainwaring and Dr. Sibthorpe, both, as I take it, his Majesty's Chaplains, are questioned, not by the Church, to whose Cognizance Errors in Doctrines most properly belong, but by the Lay-Elders of the House of Commons: Yea, and if the Farmers of the Custom-house advance any money upon the King's ancient Revenue of Tonnage and Poundage, they shall be questioned for that; and for Levying any Imposts upon any Commodities whatsoever. That's the second Blow at his Majesty's Prerogative and Revenue: wherein I may include the noise they made against Coat and Conduct-money and Freequarter. Having weakened the Civil Power by these Courses, they thought it easy to overthrow the Ecclesiastical; for the Faction grown bold and considerable by the remissness of a great Prelate, and the discontent of others, question all Proceedings in Ecclesiastical Courts, open a door to several vexatious Suits against several Officers of that Court; besides that they questioned Mr. Montague, Mr. Cousins, and threatened Bishop Laud, Bishop Neile, and others, that were resolved to stand by the Supreme Power of the King in Ecclesiastical Affairs, against which they leveled their third Blow. And when all this would not do, they examine the whole Government for divers years together; the disbursement of the Revenue, the administrations of War and Peace. They rake into Prince Henry and King james his death; and this with such a deal of stir and tumult, that some of them lock the Parliament Doors, others make such a noise as rings all over Westminster; others force the Speaker, Sir john Finch, and hold him, whether he would or no, in the Chair, when he would have left the House, when it was become rather a Billingsgate Conventicle, than an House of Parliament. When the turbulent House of Commons was dissolved, and the Faction having got a new Maxim, That they might say and do what they pleased within the Walls of that House, as public persons, whereof they were to give no account, as private men, lost the benefit of it by that Dissolution, (the King resolving, that they should not make the Parliament a Conspiracy) they fall to Libelling, Printing, popular Insinuations, Evasions, and Elusions of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Laws, that tended to the securing of the Government; secret and open Oppositions to all the ways the King took to raise money, though never so legally, (the just King always consulting his Judges about the Legality of all Taxes, before he ordered his Officers to gather them.) For the first Question in that King's Reign was, Is it just? And the next, Is it convenient? And those men that have imposed Millions on others since, grudged to pay then twenty shillings; for it was but twenty shillings Ship-money that Mr. Hampden went to Law with the King for, and my Lord Say but for four pounds. And that five pounds was the occasion of all the stir afterwards made about the Ship-money, which cost the Nation fifty seven Millions Sterling since. The untoward Reading in the Inns of Court upon Points most dangerous to Government, possessing the People with strange Fears and Jealousies about Religion, Germane Horse, a French and Arbitrary Government, and what not? Every public Action of the King or his Ministers, being misinterpreted. Combinations were held between the factious English, and discontented Scots; whose begging-time being over at Court, they bethink of coming to Plunder the Country. The Faction gives out, that the King had deserted the Protestants of the Palatinate, and France, when the truth is, they had deserted him. The Bishops in their Visitations were every where opposed, and the Troublesome taught how to elude all Church-Obligations by Common Law. In a word, notwithstanding that the Kingdom enjoyed for the first fifteen years of the excellent King Charles I. his Reign; Trade flourished, and Gold and Silver in his time was almost as plentiful as in solomon's: Learning and all Arts were improved to the height; and Scholars Encouragements were as great as their Improvements; Religion grew up to its primitive Beauty and Purity; Law and Justice secured all persons in their just Acquisitions: The People had liberty to do any thing by evil; the Rich durst not wrong the Poor, neither need the Poor envy or fear the Rich. The Treasure of Spain was coined in our Mint, and exchanged for our Commodities; foreign Nations either feared our Arms, or sought our Friendship: We claimed and enjoyed the Dominion of the Sea; Wars, Plagues and Famines were strangers to our Coasts; and we were, even against our will, the happiest People under Heaven: except only for this, that we were not sensible either of our Happiness, or of the use of it; understanding, it seems, no more improvement of the great blessing of Peace and good Government, than wantonness and unthankfulness. Notwithstanding fifteen years of the most blessed effects of Justice, Wisdom, Piety, and Peaceableness of an excellent Prince, of whom the World was not worthy: By the practices of Cardinal Richlieu, and others, who envied and feared our happiness; by the Indigence and Schism of the Scots; by the comprehensive Combination in England, that had taken in with the Puritan Factions, all the discontented, ambitious, turbulent, innovating, covetous, desperate, and most easily-deluded sort of people: by the wild courses of such as had offended beyond all security, save in a troublesome time; by a general Odium cast upon all Acts of Government, and a perverse Spirit of discontent, fears, and jealousies, raised throughout the three Kingdoms, and vehemently possessing all sorts of people; by the necessities of the King, and some foreign troubles; by the treachery of some that had the management of the Affairs of Scotland: That which was at first but an Opinion, after that a Book-controversie, and never durst look beyond a Motion, a Petition, a Supplication, a Conference, a Disputation, and some private murmurings at best, became now a War. The cause whereof on the one side was an old Schism maintained; mens private Interests promoted; Rebellion, that sin like Witchcraft, the overthrow of all Laws and Government, the ruin of Learning, Religion, and Order; the piecing up of broken Estates by Rapine and Plunder; an ambition to attain to those Honours and Preferments in troublesome times, that they despaired of in those more quiet, as derived on persons of more worth and deserving: A canting pretence for Liberty of Conscience and of the Subject, that proved at last nothing but Licentiousness; the Umbrage of the public good, when it appeared at last but the project of private persons, who no sooner overthrew the Government, but they quarrelled one with another; till at last, instead of one good Government, we had so many, that we had none at all; and instead of an excellent King, all the Blood, Treasures, and Pretences, ended in a sordid, base, bloody, tyrannical, and upstart Usurper, raised out of the meanest of the people. A Revenge of some particular and personal Wrongs, with the ruin of the Public; the setting up of Sects, Schisms, and Heresies, upon the subversion of the established Doctrine and Discipline: a perpetual disgrace and dishonour to Christianity and the English Nation, occasioning such Burdens and Mischiefs as the Child unborn may rue; Burdens and Mischiefs conveyed from them to late Posterity: the desolation of the Country, the ruin of gallant Churches, Castles and Cities; the undoing of some thousands of Families; the blood of 80000 killed on both sides, and upon all occasions: An unnatural division and animosity begun even among Relations, that is like to last from Generation to Generation; abominable Canting, taking of the Name of God in vain; hypocrisy, perjury, against the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, the Protestation, yea, the Covenant which they took themselves, and all the Obligations they owed to God or Man; the mocking of God by Fasts, Prayers, and seeking of his face to wicked and vile purposes; the making of him the Author of the Abominations he abhors; the making of Religion only a Cloak to Villainies; and all the Ordinances of it, especially Sermons and Sacraments, the Ministeries of horrid undertake, filling Pulpits with such Nonsense and Lies, as all Ears that heard tingled. Such encouragement to loose Fancies and vile Opinions, to enlarge and increase their Party, as left not unshaken any Foundation in the whole compass of Christian Religion; a Sacrilege unheard-of, that was to swallow up all Bishops and Dean and Chapters Lands, all Tithes and Ministers Maintenance, all Universities and public Schools, all Hospitals, Colleges, and charitable Foundations: a Rapine that carried away all the Crown-Revenue, and sent a great Royal Family a begging; devoured the Estates of above 12000 Noblemen, Gentlemen, and persons of eminent Quality; and indeed left no man so much propriety as to say, This is mine, there being no other Law or Judicature, than that Arbitrary one of the Sword; carrying on of the public good, till the Nation was beggared; a crying up of the power of Parliaments, till the House of Lords was laid by, and the House of Commons consisting of almost five hundred Gentlemen, reduced to fifty or sixty Mechanics and poor fellows, who are turned out by their own Army, as a pack of Knaves and Fools; a pretence to make the King glorious, till he was murdered; and fight for him against evil Counselors, till they cut off his head, the best Counsellor he had. The rendering of a Nation once the Envy and Terror of the World, now its Scorn and Contempt; and Englishmen once the Glory of Europe, now its Shame, for doing that which Turks and Pagans, and the Barbarous abhorred, crying out, You fight, and judge your King! Not to say any thing of the general horror and consternation that seized all the Christian World, upon that horrid Conspiracy. The letting loose of all the Jesuitical Principles that had troubled the World, but were never before owned by things that would be called Protestants. 1. As, that Subjects may resist force with force in their own defence. 2. That the Law of Nature, in case of necessity, teacheth men to take up Arms against their Sovereign. 3. That a wicked King may be deposed. 4. That a Tyrant may be killed by any hand, as a wild Beast, and an Enemy of Mankind. 5. That they do not break their Oaths of Allegiance, that fight against the King's person, if they pretend his power. 6. That the King is accountable to the People, as made by them, in whom resides the Supreme Majesty. 7. That Success is a sign of God's blessing and presence with any people in any undertaking. 8. That if the King keep not his Oath at the Coronation with the people, they are not to keep their Oaths of Allegiance towards him. 9 That Arms may be taken by Subjects to promote true Religion. 10. That Liberty is to be allowed to all men under any Government, to profess what Religion soever they please. 11. That nothing is to be established in public, that goeth against any man's Opinion, Humour or Conscience in private. 12. That if any Court, Judicature, Form of Worship, or Law, be abused, than it must be presently laid down, and not used. 13. That any thing that hath been used by the Papists, or that is but pretended to be Popish (as what that displeased hath not been so?) must be abrogated: A Principle, that the Jesuits observing our blind zeal against Popery, have suggested, to overthrow all Religion, under pretence of avoiding Popery. 14. That there must be no Kingdom, but that of Christ's; and that until he comes in person, the Saints must reign. 15. That Dominion is founded upon Grace; and that the wicked have no right to any thing that they enjoy. 16. That the Law of the Land was not made for the Righteous, but for Sinners: so they abused a place of Scripture that sounds that way. 17. That all the Prophecies and Revolutions forespoken of, concern England; and that they may make any stir to fulfil these Prophecies: all that they did, being (as they said) nothing but Gods pouring out his Vials on the Beast, etc. the whole Scripture being understood not according to the inward sense, but according to the outward sound; and as the Fool thinketh, so the Bell tinketh. Besides principles of Policy as much against all Reason and Laws, as these are against all Religion. As, 1. That the King and the two Houses made up but one Parliament. 2. And that the King, but a Member, might be overruled by the Head. 3. That the hereditary King of England is accountable to the People. 4. That it might be lawful for the two House to seize the King's Magazines, Navies, Castles, and Forces, and employ them against him; the Militia being, they said, in them, not in him, though they begged it of him. 5. That when the King withdrew from the London-Tumults, he deserted his Parliament and People, and therefore might be warred against. 6. That the two Houses might impose an Oath upon the King and Kingdom, to subvert the Government and Kingdom; who never had power to administer an Oath between man and man, except it were their own Members. 7. That an Ordinance of the two Houses should be of force to raise Men and Money, to seize people's Lands and Goods, to alter Religion, without the King's consent; without which they never signified any thing in England, save within their own Walls. 8. That the two Houses, yea, and some few of those two Houses, should make a new Broad-seal, create new Judges and Officers of State, ordain a new Allegiance, and a new Treason never heard of before, and pronounce their Betters, that is to say, all the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry, Delinquents against their Blew-apronships. 9 That they who took so much care, that a man should not part with a penny to save the Kingdom unless they had Law for it, should force so many Millions out of the poor people, by a bare piece of paper, called an Ordinance. This was the Cause, called The good old Cause, on the one side; when on the other, there was, 1. The Law of the Land. 2. The established Religion. 3. The Protestant Cause. 4. The King's Authority. 5. The Church of England, and the Catholic Church. 6. The Allegiance and Obedience required by the Laws of God and Man, from Subjects to Sovereigns. 7. The Peace, Tranquillity, Safety, and Honour of the Nation. 8. The many obligations of Conscience, especially the Oaths taken by the Nobility, Clergy, and all the people, several times, (ten times a man at least) and particularly the Oaths taken by every Member of the House of Commons, at their first admission to sit there, when they took the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy; and the Protestation they took after they sat. 9 The true liberty and property of the Subject. 10. The security of Religion and Learning, against the horrid Heresies, Schisms, Libertinism, Sacrilege, and Barbarism, that was ready to overrun the Land. 11. All the Principles of Religion, Reason Policy, and Government, that hitherto have been received in the most civil part of the World, managed against the canting and pious frauds and fallacies of the Conspiracy, with that clearness that became the goodness of the Cause, and the integrity of the persons that managed it. 12. The common Cause of all the Kings and Governments of the World. 13. The Rights, Privileges, Prerogatives, and Inheritances of the ancient Kingdom of England. 14. The conveyance of their ancient Birthrights, Liberties, Immunities, and Inheritances, as Englishmen, and Christians to Posterity. 15. The public good, against the private lusts, ambition, pride, revenge, covetousness, and humour of any person or persons whatsoever. 16. The opinion of all the learned Divines and Lawyers in the World. 17. All the Estates in England made then a prey to the most potent and powerful; I mean, the Lands and Revenues of most of the Nobility, Clergy, and Commons of England. 18. The sparing of a world of blood and treasure, that poor misguided Souls were like to lavish away upon the juggles of a few Impostors. This was the Cause on the other hand; and such as the Causes were, were the persons engaged in them. Against the King, the Law, and Religion, were a company of poor Tradesmen, broken and decayed Citizens, deluded and Priestridden women, discontented Spirits, creeping, pitiful, and neglected Ministers, and Trencher-Chaplains; Enthusiastical Factions, such as Independents, Anabaptists, Seekers, Quakers, Levellers, Fifth Monarchy-men, Libertines, the rude Rabble that knew not wherefore they were got together; Jesuited Politicians, Tailors, Shoemakers, Linkboys, etc. guilty and notorious Offenders, that had endured or feared the Law: perjured and deceitful Hypocrites and Atheists; mercenary Soldiers, hollow-hearted and ambitious Courtiers, one or two poor and disobliged Lords, cowardly and ignorant Neuters, here and there a Protestant frighted out of his wits. These were the Factions Champions; when on the King's side, there were all the Bishops of the Land, all the Deans, prebend's, and learned men; both the Universities; all the Princes, Dukes, and Marquesses; all the Earls and Lords, except two or three, that stayed at Westminster to make faces one upon another, and wait on their Masters the Commons, until they bid them go about their business, telling them they had nothing to do for them, and voting them useless: All the Knights and Gentlemen in the three Nations, except a score of Sectaries and Atheists, that kept with their Brethren and Sisters for the Cause: The Judges and best Lawyers in the Land; all the Statesmen and Counselors; the Officers and great men of the Kingdoms; all the Princes and States of Europe. Of all which gallant persons, take this Catalogue of Honour, containing the Lives, Actions, and Deaths of those eminent persons of Quality and Honour, that Died, or otherwise Suffered for their Religion and Allegiance, from the year 1637, to this present year 1666. For the lasting honour of their Persons and Families, the reward of their eminent Services and Sufferings, the perpetual memory of the Testimony they gave to the duty of Subjects towards their Sovereign, the satisfaction of all the World, the Completing of History, the encouragement of Virtue and Resolution, the instruction of the present Age and Posterity. The Faction take the same course to ruin a Kingdom, that they said the Gods took to ruin a Man; first, to infatuate, and then overthrow; make the first stroke at the Head and Council of the Nation; judging, that they must take off and terrify the King's Council and Friends, before they could practise on his Majesty, or the Government: (so Tarquin was advised to take off the tallest Poppeys.) My Lord of Strafford they knew very active, wise, resolved, and serviceable, when he maintained the Liberty of the Subject, against the Prerogatives of the Sovereign; and him they judged most dangerous, now he maintained the Rights and Power of his Sovereign, against the Encroachments of their Faction: He leads the Van of this gallant Company of Martyrs, and the first Hero that sealed his Allegiance with his blood, and Consecrated the Controversy; a Protomartyr, like St. Stephen, knocked on the head by a Rabble, rather than fairly tried in Courts; condemned with Stones, rather than Arguments; instructing Loyal Subjects, How when they had done great things for their Sovereign, they might suffer greater. THE LIFE, ACTIONS, AND DEATH OF Sir THOMAS WENTWORTH, Earl of STRAFFORD, Proto● Martyr for Religion and Allegiance. SIR Thomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford, owed his Birth to the best governed City a Being born (his Mother coming casually to London) in Chance● Lane, in the Parish of St. Dunstan's in the West, and Christened there, April 22. 1593. London; his Breeding to the best modelled School, York; and a most exact College, St. john's in Cambr. his Accomplishments to the best Tutors, Travel and Experience; and his Prudence to the best School, a Parliament: whither he came in the most active and knowing times, with a strong Brain, and a large Heart: His Activity was eminent in his Country, and his Interest strong in (King Charles') Parliament; where he observed much, and pertinently; spoke little, but home; contrived effectually but closely; carried his Designs successfully, but reservedly. He apprehended the public Temper as clearly, and managed it to his purposes as orderly as any man. He spoke least but last of all, with the advantage of a clear view of others Reasons, and the addition of his own. He, and his leading Confidents moulded that in a private Conference, which was to be managed in a public Assembly. He made himself so considerable a Patriot, that he was bought over to be a Courtier; so great his Abilities, that he awed a Monarchy when disobliged, and supported it when engaged; the Balance turning thither where this Lord stood.— The North was reduced by his Prudence, and Ireland by his Interest; He did more there in two years, than was done in two hundred before. 1. Extinguishing the very Relics of the War. 2. Setting up a standing Army. 3. Modelling the Revenue. 4. Removing the very Root and Occasions of new Troubles. 5. Planting and Building. 6. Settling Ecclesiastical and Civil Courts. 7. Recovering the hearts of the People by able Pastors and Bishops, by prudent and sober Magistrates, by Justice and Protection, by Obligations and Rewards. 8. Recovering the Church's Patrimony and Discipline. 9 Employing most able and faithful Ministers and Instruments. 10. Taking an exact view of all former Precedents, Rules, and Proceedings. 11. An exact correspondence with his Majesty, and the Favourites of England. None was more conversant in the Factions, Intrigues, and Designs than he, when a Commonwealths-man; none abler to meet with them than he, when a Statesman; he understood their Methods, kenned their Wiles, observed their Designs, looked into their Combinations, comprehended their Interest. And as King Charles understood best of any Monarch under Heaven, what he could do in point of Conscience: So his Strafford apprehended best of any Counsellor under the Sun, what he could do in point of Power. He, and my Lord of Canterbury having the most particular account of the State of Great Britain and Ireland, of any persons living. Nature is often hidden, sometimes overcome, seldom extinguished; yet Doctrine and Discourse had much allayed the severity of this Earls Nature, and Custom more: None more austere to see to; none more obliging to speak with: He observed pauses in his discourse, to attend the motion, and draw out the humour of other men; at once commanding his own thoughts, watching others: His passion was rather the vigour, than the disorder of his wel-weighed Soul; which could dispense its anger with as much prudence, as it managed any Act of State. He gave his Majesty safe counsel in the prosperity of his Affairs, and resolute advice in Extremity, as a true Servant of his Interest, rather than of his Power. So eminent was he and my Lord of Canterbury, that Rebellion despaired of success, as long as the first lived; and Schism of licentiousness, as long as the second stood. Take my Lord of Strafford as accused, and you will find his Integrity and Ability, that he managed his whole Government either by the Law, or the Interest of his Country. Take him as dying, and you will see his Parts and Piety; his Resolution for himself, his Self-resignation for the Kingdoms good; his Devotion for the Church, whose Patrimony he forbade his Son upon his Blessing. Take him as dead, you will find him glorious and renowned in these three Characters. The first, of the best King. I looked upon my Lord of Strafford, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Meditat. 2. as a Gentleman whose great Abilities might make a Prince rather afraid, than ashamed to employ him in the greatest Affairs of State; for those were prone to create in him great confidence of undertake; and this was like enough to betray him to great Errors, and many Enemies, whereof he could not but contract great store; while moving in so high a Sphere, and so vigorous a lustre, he must nedds (as the Sun) raise many envious Exhalations; which condensed by a popular Odium, were capable to cast a Cloud upon the brightest Merit and Integrity: Though I cannot in my judgement approve all he did, driven (it may be) by the necessities of Times, and the Temper of that People, more than led by his own disposition to any height 〈◊〉 ●igour of Action, etc. The second, of the best Historian. He was a person of a generous Spirit, Dr. R. P. Life of King Charles l. fitted for the noblest Exercises, and the most difficult parts of Empire: his Counsels were bold, yet just; and he had a vigour proper for the execution of them: Of an eloquence next that of his Masters, Masculine and excellent. He was no less affectionate to the Church, than to the State; and not contented while living to defend the Government and Patrimony of it, he commended it also to his Son when he was about to die, and charged his abhorrency of Sacrilege. His Enemies called the majesty of his Mind in his lieutenancy, pride; and the undaunted execution of his Office on the Contumacious, the Insolency of his Fortune. He was censured for that fatal error of following the King to London, and to the Parliament, after the Pacification at York; And 'twas thought, that if he had gone over to his Charge in Ireland, he might have secured both himself, and that Kingdom for his Majesty's Service. But some attribute this Counsel to a necessity of Fate, whose first stroke is at the Brain of those whom it designs to ruin; and brought him to feel the effects of popular Rage, which himself in former Parliaments had used against Government; and to find experience of his own devices upon the Duke of Buckingham. Providence teacheth us to abhor over-sine Counsels, by mischiefs they often bring upon their Authors. The third, of Common Fame. A Gentleman he was of rare Choice, H. Lin King Charles ● and singular Endowments; I mean of such as modelled, fashioned, accomplished him for State-concernments; of a searching and penetrating Judgement, nimble apprehension, ready and fluent in all results of Council; most happy in the vein of Speech, which was always round, perspicuous, and express, much to the advantage of his sense; and so full stocked with Reason, that he might be rather said to demonstrate, than to argue. As these Abilities raised him to State-Administration; so his addressing, his applying those Abilities so faithfully in promotion of the Royal Interest, soon rendered him a Favourite of the first Admission: So that never King had a more Intelligent, and withal, a firmer Servant than he was to his Majesty. But these qualities which rendered him so amiable to his Majesty, represented him formidable to the Scots; so that some who were not well persuaded of the justness of his Sentence, thought he suffered not so much for what he had done already, as for what he was like to have done, had he lived, to the dis-service of that Nation: and that he was not sacrificed so much to the Scots revenge, as to their fear. And certainly his fall was as the first, so the most fatal Wound the King's Interest ever received; his three Kingdoms hardly affording another Strafford; that is, one man his peer in Parts and Fidelity to his Majesty. He had a singular passion for the Government and Patrimony of the Church; both which he was studious to preserve safe and sound, either opining them to be of sacred Extraction, or at least prudent constitution, relating to holy performances. And had he wanted these positive Graces, yet in so great a Person it may be commendable, that he was eminent for privative and negative Excellencies, being not taxable with any vice; those petty pleasures being beneath the satisfaction of a Soul so large as his. In short, saith the ingenious Gentleman, He was a man who might have passed under a better notion, had he lived in better times. This last Period is a Question; since this great Statesman, and his good Master's Goodness was so over-shadowed with their Greatness, and their Virtues so lost in their Power, as the Sun (the aptest parallel of their Lustre and Beneficence) is hid in his own light● that they owe their great, but glorious Fame, to their misfortunes, and their Renown to their ruin; that leveled their worth, otherwise as much out of their reach, as their place, to vulgar apprehensions. Eclipsed Lustre, like a veiled Beauty, is most looked on when most covered: The setting Sun is more glorious than its self in its Meridian, because more low; and the lowest Planet seems biggest to a common eye. So faithful he was, and the Archbishop, that in the juncto, consisting of them two and Duke Hamilton, they voted a Parliament, though they knew themselves the first Sufferers by it; and so confident of his Integrity, that when he had Treason enough discovered at the late Transactions in York, (touching the Scots Conspiracy) to charge his Enemies with, he waved the advantage; and secure in his own Innocency, fell an Instance of that Maxim, That there is no Danger small, but what is thought so. This was his great Principle, Usurped Royalty was never laid down by persuasion from Royal Clemency; for, in armis jus omne regni. Bishop Land was the man by whose advice he had his Power and Preferment; and he was the man according to whose direction he managed it: Being no sooner admitted Member of the House of Peers, than friend to the Bishop of Bath and Wells; and at the same time of the King's intimate Council, and the Bishop's intimate Acquaintance: his first Act in Council was, to advise his Majesty to take Tonnage and Poundage, if it might be had as the Gift of the People; if not, as one of the Duties belonging to his Prerogative; a Prerogative without which Kingdoms are not safe; for if Kings have not an absolute power, when there is need to impose on their Subjects, they may not have power when there is occasion to defend them: they that weaken their Sovereign's power, weaken their own security; and when a Prince is reduced to that pass, that he cannot help and serve himself, he will quickly come to that pass, that he shall not be able to protect his people. His next was, to advise the King to stand by the Farmers of the Custom-house, when questioned, viz. Sir john Wolstenholm, Mr. Daws, and Mr. Caermarthin. Good Servants are neither to be encouraged in Wrong, nor to be forsaken in the Right: That Prince must show himself resolute and stout, whose Affairs cannot be managed by cowardly Servants. Many counselled the questioning of the refractory Members in the House of Commons, that kept the Speaker in his Chair in spite of his teeth, locked up the Doors against all Messages from the King, detained the Sergeant at Arms by force, declared their fellow-Subjects Traitors, etc. But my Lord of Strafford was for neglecting them: the Action, if questioned, might be made out to the people, to be a defence of their Liberty; whereas, if slighted, it is but a Hubbub; and they that were at first condemned by all for their disorder, would be, if convented, at last pitied for their Sufferings. The great Richlieu construed an old Maxim a Injuriae sprelae exolescunt. of Tacitus thus:— Criminals never grow considerable till thought so, and so raised from despicable Delinquents to a formidable Party. Innovation the whole Council suspected always, as bringing with it more Inconveniencies by the Change, than Advantage by the Reformation; and he condemned upon this observation, That where Reformation once drew on a Change, the desire of change an hundred times but pretended Reformation. Although he had no mind to meddle with the persons of the Seditious in the last Parliament, yet he took special notice of the Doctrines of one of them, viz. Eliot, that said, He was not bound to give an account, as a private person, before the Council, of what he said or did as a public person in Parliament: As if (as the wise man would observe with much impatience) That August Assembly that advised about Laws to punish Disorders, should be the only Sanctuary for them: And a Parliament were no other than the Saturnalia of Rome, where Slaves for some days in the year, might say (and do) what they pleased of their Masters. It was easy for him to foresee the readiness of the Emperor to yield to a peace, when pressed so hard by the Swede: but to come one Morning to the Council, when they were most busy and perplexed about the War with France, b Having a design upon Spain, as Spain had upon them. and assure them that France would beg a Peace, as they did by the Mediation of Venice, was a foresight none owned, but one, that, as it is said of Mazarine, Was of all the Counsels of Europe: Adding, That that was a time for England, though low, to be Courted as it was from Spain, Venice, Holland, Denmark, etc. and not to be provoked. None more diligent to find out ways to supply the King's occasions; yet none more severe than this Lord against Books of Projects, such as Dudley's, and others Books, designed rather to raise the Jealousies of the People, than the Revenue of the King: None severer against Libels, and others the sad Prognostics of the sad times approaching; yet none more against the vexing, imprisoning, and mutilating those Offenders, than he; judging it safer to cut off, or pardon, than distress any man; that is, to take away either his power or will to Revenge: The vexed and distressed man is continually before people's eyes, to move or exasperate them, the dead and pardoned are forgotten. My Lord had vast Affections for the Protestant Interest, as appeared by his Proposals in Council, his wishes rather than his hopes, and what he would, rather than what he could do: yet he suspected the Swedes and Scots Assistants, as rather an Army of Mercenaries, than the Auxiliaries of Friends. Two things he said undid us: 1. That our Divines had been so careless in opening the ground of Religion; that Novelties had got such advantages over ancient Truths, as to charge primitive Practices, for Innovations. 2. That our Lawyers were so biased in their explications of the ground of the Law, that old Laws, such as those of Knighthood, (whereby the Subjects holding of the King (as all do originally) were either to be Knighted, or fined for it) and that for Ship-money, shall be cried down for new Exactions. My Lord applauded his Majesty's generous Goodness in stopping the c In which Trial he was one of the judges. Combat between the Witnesses about Hamiltons' Design to entertain all the Scots abroad, to serve him against his Prince at home; but he feared his easiness afterwards in trusting him: He like H. 7. being at once what few men are, most suspicious, most knowing, and most stout; whereas, usually the suspicious man is one that knows little, and fears much. Much did he resent the Differences between Protestants and Protestants, and more, with Bishop Bancroft, encouraged he the Dissensions between the Seculars and Jesuits; as he did in Civil Matters, between some Scots and English; advising, that the Press might be open to them, to discover the nakedness of their Parties; and shut to our Disputants, the Sabbatarians and Anti-Sabbatarians, the Arminians and Anti-Arminians, lest we betray our own Opinions; (it was his Maxim) For Schools positive, and practical Divinity only for Presses and Pulpits. A Maxim of as great concernment to the Church, as his Contributions for Paul's; which to say no more, were worthy the Earl of Strafford, and Bishop Laud's friend. From being a Member of the Council in the South, he was advanced Lord Precedent of the North; and thence a while after, Lord Deputy of Ireland. In the North begun that Animosity between him and Vane, about Raby, that was not allayed but with his blood: Here he would have strengthened the Law by Prerogative, always making good the Prerogative by Law; some there complained to him of the King's Government, and he told them, They complained of the Laws; adding, That the little Finger of the Law (if not moderated by the King's Clemency) would be heavier than the King's Loins. He endeavoured to endear his Majesty's Government to his best Subjects, and render it dreadful to the worst. Parts and Merits employed against the Government by mistake, he informed, and encouraged to better Employment; but Parts and Merits poisoned by Pride and Ambition, he suppressed and slighted; saying, He loved not a man of large Parts, and a narrow and selfish Spirit. He had Worth that was sure to raise Envy, and a Prudence to allay it, moderating the power he had himself, and maintaining that of other Magistrates, who might be his Screen: Who, as he engrossed not Business to exercise his Power; so he entangled it not to raise a suspicion of his Cunning; carrying things on in a plain and open, rather than a private and close way; not that he feared the effects of Envy on himself (calling Envy a Shadow that reflected 〈…〉 prejudice it; and (as shadows) did more 〈…〉 falls upon, than to those stately things it 〈…〉 judging it his Monitor, rather than his Danger; Son 〈…〉 in the wary Conduct of his Affairs rather th●n 〈…〉 avoided them in the smooth course of his 〈◊〉, which w●nt above the hazard, but not the interruptions of Envy. The first a 〈…〉 Institution of the Precedents Place in the North, was to suppress Rebellions, and my Lords first ca●e in ●●at Place was 〈◊〉 prevent them: How carefully did he look out 〈…〉 wise Clergymen, that might instruct and guide; how 〈◊〉 did he choose knowing and noble Gentlemen, that might govern and 〈◊〉 that rude Corner of the Kingdom, equally obnoxious to the 〈◊〉 ovations of the old Superstition, that erept thither 〈…〉 the Seas, and of the late Innovations that stole in 〈◊〉 from beyond the Tweed, both dangerous to the People, and 〈…〉 Government? Instruction [he would say] must 〈◊〉 wa● 〈◊〉 Government, and Government back Instruction; by the 〈…〉 the hearts of men, and by the second it ●yes their 〈…〉 the King trusted in his own Person, the Earl 〈…〉 Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy of the North at once● to 〈◊〉 and secure himself, rendering h●s Authority pl●●●sible by administering Government to the People by those 〈◊〉 that had most Interest in them, and could best awe, because they always obliged them, admitting many to his assistance, and 〈◊〉 to ●is trust. His Observations upon the Humours of the ●●●●hern People, prompted him to advise his Majesty to a Progress 〈◊〉 scotland, Anno 1633. to encourage the Loyal Part of that 〈◊〉 on this side the Tweed by his Presence, & to settle the disloyal 〈…〉 other side by his Laws; he having Intelligence from Sco●●●●● [t●ey are the words of a great Lord, then trusted with the Crown of that Kingdom] that if the King should long defer his Coronation, the Scots might perhaps incline to make choice of another King. This progress, by taking in the most popular and great Noblemen of the North to attend His Majesty, he managed with a noble Conduct, advancing all along the King's Majesty's Interest and Honour; of such mighty consequence it is how a Prince appears to his people. When he had composed the Affairs of Scotland, some defects appearing by daily Tumults and Commotions in the Government of Ireland, The Earl is made L. L. of Ireland, 1633 this accomplished Person in the Affairs of Rule, discovering daily greater and greater Abilities, equal to a Minister of State, (after he had brought my Lord of Holland to a Submission at the Council-Table, and in some measure reduced the Factions that broke out daily at Court; where, to use his dear Friend Archbishop Land's words, Private Ends appeared every day more and more ●o the prejudice of the public Service) was entreated to the Supreme Care [under His Majesty] of that Kingdom; a Trust he managed so well, That 1. he discharged Fourscore thousand Pounds the King owed, and raised Twenty thousand men, and as many thousand Pounds that the King wanted in the year 1634. 2. Reduced the Popish and Protestant Parties to so even a temper, that upon some Disorders that year, he was able to summon such a Parliament as was able to allay, and fix the several Factions to a due temperament, guiding the zeal of each Party by such Rules of Moderation, as were ever observed most effectual to preserve, and restore the health of all States and Kingdoms. 3. Prevailed with the Church of Ireland to admit of the 39 Articles of the Church of England; that as he would say, They that agreed for the main in the truth of God's Holy Word, might keep the unity of the Spirit, in the bond of Peace: It being a sad thing in his opinion, that three Christian and Protestant Kingdoms, under one Christian and Protestant King, should have three several Confessions of Faith. 4. Abolished several idle and barbarous Customs, putting the Natives upon ingenious ways of Improving that rich Land, by Flax, Hemp, etc. infinitely to the Advantage of the King and Kingdom. 5. Recovering near upon 40000 l. per year to the Church; which by ungodly Alienations was made, saith a Bishop of their own, as low as Poverty itself; bringing over with him as great Affections for the Church and all Public Interests, as he had Abilities to serve them. 6. Put Ireland Anno 1639. in three months, by a Parliament he got together in that short time, into such a posture for Men and Money, as was a Pattern to the following Parliament of England; which resented that Service so much, that the House of Commons gave him the Thanks of the Kingdom in their own House, and waited upon him [two of their most eminent Members supporting him] to his place in the House of Lords. In fine, he wrought that wild and loose people to such a degree of Peace, Plenty and Security, as it had never been since it was annexed to this Crown, and made it pay for the Charges of its own Government, which before was deducted out of the English Treasury. Their Peace and Laws now opening accesses to Plenty, and Trade, he remitted indeed nothing of that Authority, Strictness, Discipline, or Grandieur, that might advance the Interest or Honour of his Master; yet he admitted so much moderation into his Counsels and Proceedings, as that Despair added to former Discontents, and the Fears of utter Extirpation to their wont Pressures, should not provoke to an open Rebellion, a people prone enough to break out to all exorbitant Violence, both by some principles of their Religion, and the natural desires of Liberty; both to exempt themselves from their present restraints, and prevent after-rigors. And when the Tumults of Scotland, His C●unsels ●o the King ●bou● the Scotish, and English tumults. and the Discontents of England called for the same Counsel here, that he had with success applied to the distempers of Ireland, how clearly did he see thorough the Mutinies and Pretences of the Multitude, into the long-contrived Conspiracies and Designs of several orders of more dangerous men, whose Covetousness and Ambition would digest, as he foresaw, the rash Tumults, into a more sober and solemn Rebellion. How happily did he divine that the Affronts offered the King's Authority on the score of Superstition, Tyranny, Idolatry, Maladministration, Liberty, (words as little understood by the Vulgar, as the Design that lay under them) were no other than Essays made by certain sacrilegious and needy men, to confirm the Rapines upon Church and State they had made in Scotland, and to open a door to the same practices in England, to try how the King, who had already ordered a Revocation of all such Usurpations in Scotland, and had a great mind to do the like in England, would bear their rude and insolent Attempts, whether he would consult his Power, or his Goodness; assert his Majesty, or yield to their importunity. How nimbly did he meet with the Faction, by a Protestation he gained from all the Scots in England and Ireland, against the Covenant of their Brethren in Scotland, Lysunach●● N●cano●s u●●ying of the Knot. at the same time in several Books he caused to be printed, discovering that the Scottish Faction that so much abhorred Popery, proceeded in this Sedition upon the worst of Popish principles and practices. And that this Godly League which was so much applauded by the people, was a Combination of men acting over those Traitorous, Bloody, and Jesuitical Maxims of Mariana, Suarez, Sa, Bellarmine, which all good people abhorred; Adding that those very persons that instructed the poor populary to quarrel with their Sovereign about Liberty, should (as it followed afterwards) lay a more unsupportable slavery upon them, than their most impious slanders could form in the imagination of the Credulous, that they might fear from the King. The power God had invested him with, he entreated the King to own, and the ways the Laws of God, and the Land allowed him, to maintain, that power to make use of, employing all the able men that pretended to skill, either in Law, or Government, to see if Prerogative had any way yet left to save an unwilling People; for knowing how prevailing the Seditious were always to disturb the Counsels of the Parliament, he feared that from their proceedings the common Enemies would be encouraged (as formerly) to higher Insolences, and the envious Demagogues would contemn their own safety, to ruin the King's Honour: therefore giving vigorous Orders for raising the Ship-money, and a great Example towards Advancing a Benevolence, subscribing himself 20000 l. and procuring the Subscription of 500000 l. from the Church, the Court, the City, and Country, besides some thousands by Compositions with Papists, especially in Stafford-shire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, etc. and by Forfeitures observed by him in a By the Londoners. London Derry, and other places, held by Patent from His Majesty. When he saw a Faction (by the diligence of the King's enemies, and the Security and Treason of his pretended Friends, who made it their business to persuade His Majesty that there was no danger, so long until there was no safety) form into Counsels, and drawn up into Armies, when he saw one Kingdom acting in open Rebellion, and another countenancing and inclining to it: when he discovered a Correspondence between the Conclave b By Barbarino's means Protector of the English. of Rome, and the Cardinal * See the Letter between them in our Chronicles. of France; between the King of France and the Rebels of Scotland; between the Leaders of the Scottish Sedition, and the Agents of the English Faction, [one Pickering, Laurence Hampden, Fines, etc. being observed then to pass to and fro between the English and the Scottish Brethren] and saw Letters signed with the Names (though as some of them alleged since, without the consent) of the Five Members, etc. when the Government in Church and State was altered, the King's Ships, Magazines, Revenue, Forts, and faithful Servants were seized on; the Orders of State, and Worship of God were affronted by a barbarous multitude, that with sticks, stools, and such other instruments of Fury as were present, disturbed all religious and civil Conventions: and the King's Agents, Hamilton, Traquair and Roxborough, pleased no doubt with the Commotions they at first raised, and by new, though secret seed of Discontents improved, increased the Tumults by a faint Opposition, which they might have allayed by vigorous punishments; all the Declarations that were drawn in the King's Name being contrived so, as to overthrow his Affairs. In a word, when he saw that the Traitors were got into the King's Bedchamber, Cabinets, Pockets, and Bosom, and by false representation of things, had got time to consolidate their Conspiracy, and that the King's Concessions to their bold Petition (about the Liturgy, the High-Commission, the Book of Canons, and the ●ive Articles of Perth) were but Encouragements to put up bolder; finding that Force could obtain that which Modesty and Submission had never compassed; and imputing all kindness to the King's Weakness rather than Goodness. His apprehensions in that affairs were (as they were taken at Councel-Table-Debates about that business to this purpose.) In general, after the Delivery of a Paper consisting of twenty seven Heads, See the sho● Notes of the Lord Lieutenant, Lord Archbishop, Co●ting, etc. in Hist. King Charles l. pag. 310. Sanders at Council Board. Dec. 5. 1639. against the King's Indulgence to them, he voted, that they were to be Reduced by force, being a people as his Majesty observed of them, lost by favours, and won by punishments) in an Offensive War, that would (he would pawn his head on it) put a period to all the Troubles in five months, whereas a Defensive War will linger many years. In particular, Advising the setting up of the Commission of Array, and Amassing a gallant Army for Honour and Service, consisting of 24000 Foot 12000 Horse, and 2000 Volunteers, Lords and Gentlemen, that brought the Scots to a Submission and Pacification, such as it was; which the Scots falsifying, and breaking, obtruding false Articles, and observing none of the true ones; he considering that they who had broken the Peace out of a desire of War, would never leave the War out of a desire of Peace; but would have if not rendered unable as well as unwilling) as constant fits of Rebellion, as they had of lusts or want, advised the calling of a Parliament, The Earls ●ank Advice about a Parliament. the most Authentic way of managing the Government. Freeely saying in Council, That he knew a Parliament, if but rightly tempered, was so able to settle these Distractions, that if he were sure to be the first man that should be ruined by it, he would advice the Calling of it. Altered the Model of the Army, discharging the Hunting Lords, as they were then called, and recommending the Right Honourable and Wellbeloved Earl of Northumberland General, himself undertaking the place of Lieutenant General, not doubting to chase the Rebels [to use his own words] in two months, had not the Lord Conway [whether out of design or weakness, not yet decided] disheartened the Army, by the unsuccessfulness and indiscretion of his first Encounter, and the English Lords prevented the Victory by a Petition for Peace and a Parliament, to the King; whose tenderness of his Subjects blood, and prudence not to sully his glory with an unequal Combat, would not permit him to fight, when the gains of a Victory could not balance the hazard of attempting it. His Advices against the Faction were prudent, and the Remedies seasonable. 1. The exploding of their Doctrine, when urged by some men, whose compliance with the factious way, was called Moderation in their own: and the discovering of their practices in the Examen Conjurationis Scoticae: Or, The ungirding of the Scots Armour; the Author his servant; and the thing his design to let the world see, what it afterwards felt. 2. Bringing all the Scots in Ireland to declare against the dangerous Covenant of Scotland. 3. Making the loyal and ready Assistance of the Parliament of Ireland in 39 a precedent for that of England in 40. 4. And returning as seasonably to lay open their pretences, and obviate their reaches in Treaties, as he had done their Plot in Parliaments; willing enough to hear of a present Peace, but more willing to provide a future Security; saying, He could pardon, but not trust a Scot He managed his Army as Lieutenant General, as if he had been ready to fight them: and yet he ordered his Advices, as if he were willing to close with them. As they judged it their best way to ask with their Sword in their hands, so thought he it the most expedient method to answer them so. Since, though God never entrusted Subjects with the Sword, to obtain their privileges; yet he did Kings with it to awe to duty. He knew what he did when he commanded the Governors of Barwick and Carlisle, to watch the Invaders on the Borders, at the same time that he looked to them in Counsels, where he was resolved they should not obtain that by a Pacification, that they could not hope for by a Battle; persuading His Majesty to examine the Conspiracy to the bottom, before he composed it, lest the skinned Sore might rankle: To which purpose he would deal with the Tumult not jointly and all together, where they were bold and reserved, but singly, and one by one; for in that capacity Rebels are fearful and open, though it was not then possibly so advised a saying, yet it hath appeared since to be a very faithful and useful one; that he hasting into England out of Ireland, as they did out of Scotland, should say upon the Delivery of his Sword, If ever I return to this Honourable Sword, I shall not leave of the Scots Faction neither Root nor Branch. As Sylla said of Caesar, there are many Marius'es' in that Boy, so he would say of this Conspiracy when low, there are many Villainies in this Plot. He could endure as little the petulancy of the Scots, as they could his prudence and Government: When they having levied Men and Money, seized the King's Magazines and strong Holds; raised Forts, begirt his Castles, affronted his Proclamations, summoned Assemblies, proclaimed Fasts, deprived and excommunicated Bishops, abolished Episcopacy; issued out Warrants to choose Parliament Commissioners, appealed from the King to the people, trampled on Acts of Parliament, discharged Counsellors and Judges of their Allegiance, confirmed all this by a League and Covenant, swearing to do what otherwise they would not have done, that their consciences might oblige them to do that, because they had sworn; which because not lawful to be done, was not lawful to be sworn. He levied Men and Money, disarmed the Irish and Scots, secured his Garrisons and Ports, had an Army ready to serve His Majesty, and five Subsidies to maintain it, and confirmed all with an Oath imposed to abjure that Covenant. He returns in 39 after five month's absence, having done as much as had been done in five score years before, towards the reducing of the Natives of Ireland, to the civility, trade, and plenty of England, and disposing their Revenue so, as to repay England the charge it had been at with Ireland, when Walsingham wished it one great Bog. * And therefore the Scots accuse him for preferring Bp. Bramhal, Bp. Chappel. Neither was he less careful of the Church's Doctrine than Discipline, forbidding the Primate's obtruding the Calvinists School points, for Articles of Faith; and in stead of the Polemic Articles of the Church of Ireland, to receive the positive, plain, and orthodox Articles of the Church of England; neither admitting high Questions, nor countenancing the men that promoted them, aiming at a Religion that should make men serious, rather than curious; honest, rather than subtle; and men lived high, but did not talk so: equally disliking the Trent Faith consisting of Canons, Counsels, Fathers, etc. that would become a Library rather than a Catechism, and the Scots Confessions consisting of such School Niceties, as would fill a man's large Table-book and Common-place, rather than his heart. julius Caesar said other men's wives should not be loose, but his should not be suspected. And this great Lord advised the Primate of Ireland, that as no Clergy man should be in reality guilty of compliance with a Schism, so should not he in appearance. Adding, when the Primate urged the dangers on all sides, as Caesar once said, You are too old to fear, and I too sickly. A true saying, since upon the opening of his Body, it was found that he could not have lived, according to the course of Nature, six months longer than he did by the malice of his Enemies, his own Diseases having determined his life about the same period that the Nations distemper did; and his Adversaries having prevailed nothing, but that that death which he just paying as a debt to Nature, should be in the instant hallowed to a Sacrifice for Allegiance; and he that was dying, must be martyred, and just when he put off his Coronet, Put on a Crown. Philip the I. of Spain said, he could not compass his design as long as Lerma lived; nor the Scots theirs as long as Strafford acts, and with his own single worth bears up against the Plot of three Kingdoms, like Sceva, in the breach, with his single resolution duelling the whole Conspiracy. That now being resolved into two Committees, the one of Scots, the other of English, first impeach him Decemb. 17. of High Treason in the House of Lords; though so Innocent, and so well satisfied in his own present integrity, that when he might have kept with an Army that loved him well at York, to give Law to those conspitors, he came to receive Law from them; and when he might have been secure in his Government, and in the Head of an Army in Ireland, he came to give an account of that Government, and Army in England; laying down his own Sword to be subject to others, and teaching how well he could Govern, by showing how well he could obey; yea, when he might have retired and charged his Adversaries (as Bristol did Buckingham) with that conspiracy for the overthrow of Government wherewith they charged him. He being able to prove how P. H. H. K. S. H. S. that thirst most for his blood, had correspondence with, and gave counsel to the King's Enemies in Scotland, and Ireland, and England; when they could prove no more for the alteration of the Law against him, than that he gave advice to the King according to his place to support them, yet he tamely yielded his whole life to be scanned by those that could not be safe, but when he was dead; and having managed the great trust reposed in him, by the Laws of Ancient Parliaments, was not afraid to submit himself to the censure of this. Rather than hide his head in some Foreign Nation that offered him Sanctuary; (saying, That England had but one good head, and that was to be Cut off, meaning His) he would lose in his own, scorning for services done his own King, to beg protection of another. The brave man judging that he deserved death, that minute he feared it, and that he was fit to be Condemned that day he refused to be Tried, appeared in Parliament, and Counsel with that resolution, that afterwards he appeared at the Bar with, till the Scots thinking their guilt could not be pardoned till his Innocence was Impeached, and that their vast Accounts amounting to 514128l. 9s. could not pass, till he was laid up, to give up his, as he was in Decemb. 1640 and the Scots going with the English, first Impeached, and aftwards, jan. 30. completed their Charge against him; which drawn up in two hundred sheets of paper, was brought to the Peers by Pym, and [how Sir Henry V. short Notes multiplied,] were read Feb. 24. to the Peers before the King, and Feb. 25. to the Commons, consisting of 28. Articles, to which having Counsel allowed him in matter of Law after three day's debate about it, and they allowed to plead, but in matters they were restrained to by the House; he answered in Westminster-Hall before the King, Queen, the Prince, and Courtiers, in an apartment by themselves, and the whole Parliament, an Audience equal to the greatness of the Earls Person, and the Earl of Lindsey, being Lord High Constable for the day, the Earl of Arundel Lord High Steward on the 22. of March, as to matter of Fact in general; and the Court adjourning to the next day, then in particular to 13 Articles put to him of a sudden, as first that he had withdrawn 24000l. out of Exchequer of Ireland, for his own use: Secondly, That the Irish Garrisons had in the years 1635, 1636. etc. been maintained with English Treasure. Thirdly, That he had preferred infamous, and Popish persons, such as the Bishop of Waterford, etc. in the Irish Church. To which (notwithstanding the surprise of a Vote wherein the Parliament of Ireland charged him of High Treason) a Copy whereof was delivered sealed to the Lords at that very instant, with purpose to discompose him, (An emergency that transported him indeed to say in passion) That there was a Conspiracy against him; which when the Faction aggravated as if he charged with High Treason by both Houses of Parliaments, should charge both Parliaments with a Conspiracy, though he execused it, as meant of particular and private persons, ●raving pardon for the inconsiderateness of the expression. He answered with an undaunted Presence of spirit, with firm Reason, and powerful Eloquence to this purpose, that the Money he had taken for himself, was no other than what Money he had paid for the King before. Secondly, That he had eased the Kingdom of those Garrisons wherewith it had been burdened, during his Predecessors time. Thirdly, That the Bishop of Waterford, had deceived him, and satisfied the Law; and the next day after, March● 24. to these Articles [all the forementioned 28. Articles being 〈◊〉 urged] he replied thus, The First Article insisted on, That 31. A●●●●s●●33 ●●33. he being Lord Precedent of the North, For which his Commission was dated the 21 M●●●●h, 163●. and Justice of Peace publicly at the York A●●●zes, declared that some Justices were all for Law, but they should find that the King's little singer should be heavier than the loins of the Law, testified by Sir David Fowls, etc. The Earls Reply. That Sir David Fowls was his professed Enemy, that his words were clearly inverted, that his expression was, That the little ●inger of the Law (if not moderated by the King's gracious Clemency) was heavier than the King's loins. That these were his words, he verified; First by the occasion of them, they being spoken to some whom the King's favour had then enlarged from imprisonment at York, as a motive to their thank fullness to his Majesty. Secondly, By Sir William Pennyman a Member of the House, who was then present, and heard the words; which Sir William declaring to be true, the House of Commons required justice of the Lords against him, because he had Voted the Articles as a Member of the House, whereupon Sir William wept. Secondly, That he should say at the Castle of Dublin, that Ireland was a Conquered Nation, and that the King might do with them what he pleased; and speaking of the Charters of that City, averred that their Charters were nothing worth, and did bind the King no further than he pleased. The Earls Reply. That if he had been over liberal of his Tongue for want of discretion, yet could not his words amount to Treason, unless they had been revealed within fourteen days, as he was informed. As to the Charge, he said, True it is, he said Ireland was a Conquered Nation, which no man can deny; and that the King is the Lawgiver in matters not determined by Acts of Parliament, be conceived all Loyal Subjects would grant. 3. That R. Earl of Cork, having sued out a Process in Course of Law, for Recovery of possessions out of which he was put by an order of the Earl of Strafford, and the Council of Ireland, the said Earl threatened to Imprison him, if he did not surcease his suit, saying, That he would have neither Law nor Lawyer's dispute or question any of his Orders. And when the said Earl of Cork said, that an Act of King james his Council there about a Lease of his, was of no force; the Earl of Strafford replied, That he would make the said Earl know, and all Ireland too, so long as he had the Government there, that any Act of State there should be obeyed, as well as an Act of Parliament. The Earls Reply. It were hard measure for a Man to lose his Honour, and his Life, for an hasty word; or because he is no wiser than God hath made him. As for the words, he confessed them to be true, and thought he said no more than what became him, considering how much his Majesty's honour was concerned in him; that if a proportionable obedience was not as well due to Acts of State, as to Acts of Parliament, in vain did Councils sit. And that he had done no more, than what former Deputies had done, and than what was agreeable to his Instructions from the Council-Table, which he produced; and that if those words were Treason, they should have been revealed within fourteen days. 4. That the said Earl of Strafford, 12 Decemb. 1635. in time of peace, sentenced the Lord Mount-Norris (a Peer, Vice-Treasurer, Receiver-General, Principal Secretary of State, and Keeper of the Privy Signet in Ireland) and another to death by a Council of War without Law, or offence, deserving such punishment. The Earls Reply. That there was then a standing Army in Ireland, and Armies cannot be governed but by Martial Law: That it hath been put in constant practice with former Deputies; That had the sentence been unjustly given by him, the Crime could amount but to Felony at most, for which he hoped he might as well expect from his Majesty, as the Lord Conway, and Sir Jacob Astley had, for doing the like in the late Northern Army. That he neither gave sentence, nor procured it against the Lord Mount-Norris, but only desired justice against the Lord, for some affront done to him as he was Lord Deputy of Ireland. That the said Lord was judged by a Council of War, wherein he sat bare all the time, and gave no suffrage against him; that also to evidence himself a party, he caused his Brother Sir George Wentworth, in regard of the nearness of Blood, to decline all acting in the Procejs. Lastly, Though the Lord Mount-Norris justly deserved to die, yet he obtained his Pardon from the King. 5. That he had upon a Paper-Petition of R. Rolstone, without any legal Trial disseized the Lord Mount-Norris of a freehold, whereof he was two years in quiet possession. The Earls Reply. That he conceived the Lord Mount-Norris was legally divested of his Possessions, there being a suit long depending in Chancery, and the Plaintiff complaining of delay, he upon the Complainants Petition, called unto him the Master of the Rolls, Lord Chancellor, and Lord Chief justice of the Common-Pleas; and upon ● roofs in Chancery, De●reed for the Plaintiff, wherein he said he did no more than what other Deputies had done before him. 6. That a Case of Tenors upon defective Titles, was by him put to the Judges of Ireland, and upon their opinion, the Lord Dillon and others, were dispossessed of their Inheritances. The Earls Reply. That the Lord Dillon, with others, producing his Patent, according to a Proclamation in the behalf of his Majesty, the said Patent was questionable; upon which a Case was drawn and argued by Council, and the judges delivered their Opinions: But the Lord Dillon, or any other, was not bound thereby, nor put out of their Possessions, but might have Traversed their Office, or otherwise have Legally proceeded, notwithstanding the said Opinion. 8. That he, October 1635. upon Thomas ●Hibbots Petition to the Council, voted against the Lady Hibbots, though the major part of the Council were for her, and threatened her with 500l. Fine, and Imprisonment, if she disobeyed the Council-Order entered against her, the Land being conveyed to Sir Robert Meredith, for his use. The Earls Reply. That true it is, he had voted against the Lady Hibbots, and thought he had reason so to do, the said Lady being discovered by fraud and Circumvention, to have bargained for Lands of a great value, for a small Sum. And he denied that the said Lands were after sold to his use, viz. That the major part of the Council-board voted for the Lady; the contrary appearing by the Sentence under the hand of the Clerk of the Councils; which being true, he might well threaten her with Commitment, in case she disobeyed the said Order. Lastly, Were it true that he were Criminal therein, yet were the Offence but a Misdemeanour, no Treason. 9 That he granted Warrants to the Bishop of Down and Connor, and other Bishops, their Chancellors and several Officers, to Attach such mean people, who after citation refused either to appear, or undergo, or perform such Orders as were enjoined. The Earls Reply. That such Writs had been usually granted by former Deputies to Bishops in Ireland, nevertheless, being not fully satisfied with the convenience thereof, he was sparing in granting them, until being informed that divers in the Diocese of Down, were somewhat refractory; he granted Warrants to that Bishop, and hearing of some disorders in the execution, he called them in again. 10. That he having Farmed the Customs of Imported and exported merchandise, Enhanced the prices of the Native commodities of Ireland, and caused them to be rated in the Book of Rates for the Customs; according to which, the Customs were gathered five times more than they were worth. The Earls Reply. That his interest in the Customs of Ireland accrued to him by the Assignation of a Lease from the Duchess of Buckingham: That the Book of Rates, by which the Customs were gathered, was the same which was established by the Lord Deputy Faulkland, Anno. 1628. some years before he was employed thither: That as he hath been just and faithful to his Master the King by increasing his Revenue, so hath he also much bettered the Trade, and Shipping of that Kingdom. 11. That he prohibited the exportation of some Native Commodities, as Pipe-staves, etc. and then required great sums of money for licence to export them, to the Enhancing of the prices of those Commodities half in half. The Earls Reply. That Pipe-staves were prohibited in King James his time, and not exported but by Licence, paying six shillings eight pence a thousand; and that he had not raised so much thereby to himself, as his Predecessors had done for such Licenses. 12. That the said Earl to regulate the Trade of Tobacco, prohibited the Importing of it without Licence. In the mean time taking up, and buying it at his own rate to his own use, and forbidding others to sell any Tobacco by wholesale, but what was made up in Rolls, and sealed at both ends by himself: Besides other Monopolies of Starch, Iron, Pots, which they said, brought the Earl in 100000l. sterl. besides, that though he enhanced the Customs in general, yet he drew down the Imposts on Tobacco from 6d. to 3d. in the pound. The Earls Reply. That before his time, the King had but ten or twenty pounds per annum for that Custom, which now yielded twenty thousand pounds. For the Proclamation, it was not set out by his means principally, or for his private benefit, but by consent of the whole Council. The prices of Tobacco not exceeding two shillings in the pound. And this he conceives cannot be made Treason, were all the Articles granted, but only a Monopoly; for which he was to be Fined. 13. That Flax being the Native Commodity of Ireland, and he having much of it growing on his own ground, or at his command, ordered by Proclamation that none should be vented upon pain of forfeiting it, but what was wrought into Yarn and Thread; a way not used in Ireland, whereby he had the sole sale of that Commodity. The Earls Reply. That he did endeavour to advance the Manufacture of Linen, rather than of Woollen, because the last would be the greater detriment to England. That the Primate of Ireland, the Archbishop of Dublin, Chancellor Loftus, and the Lord Mount-Norris, all of the Council, and Subscribers of the Proclamation, were as liable to the Charge as himself. That the reducing of that Nation, by Orders of the Council-Board, to the English Customs, from their more savage usages, as drawing Horses by their Tails, etc. had been of former practice: That the Project was of so ill avail to him, as he was the worse for the Manufacture thirty thousand pounds at least, by the Loom he had set up at his own Charge. 12. That the said Earl did in a Warlike manner, by Soldiers execute his severest Orders and Warrants in Ireland, dispossessing se veral persons by force of Arms in a time of peace, of their houses and estates, raising taxes, and quartering Soldiers upon those that disobeyed his Orders, so levying War against his Majesty's Liege people in that Realm, Testified Sergeant Savil. The Earls Reply. That nothing hath been more ordinary in Ireland, than for the Governors to put all manner of Sentences in execution by the help of Soldiers: that Grandison, Faulkland, Chichester, and other Deputies frequently did it: (Sir Arthur Teningham, to this point deposed, that in faulkland's time he knew twenty Soldiers assessed upon one man, for refusing to pay sixteen shillings:) That his instruction for executing his Commission was the same with those formerly given to the Lord Faulkland, and that in both there is express warrant for it: That no Testimony produced against him doth evidently prove he gave any Warrant to that effect; and that Sergeant Savil showed only a Copy of a Warrant, not the Original itself, which he conceived could not make Faith in Case of life and death in that High Court, especially it being not averred upon Oath to agree with the Original, which should be upon Record: That he conceived he was for an Irish Custom, to be Tried by the Peers of that Kingdom. 13. That he obtained an Order of his Majesty, That none should complain of any Oppression or Injustice in Ireland, before the King or Council in England, unless first the party made his address to him, using to all his Actions, his Majesty's Authority and Name; yet to prevent any from coming over to Appeal to his Majesty, or to complain, he by Proclamation, bearing date Septemb. 17. 1636. Commanded all Nobility, Undertakers, and others, that held Offices in the said Kingdom of Ireland, to make their residence there, not departing thence without Licence, seconding that Proclamation with Fines, Imprisonments, etc. upon such as disobeyed it, as on one Parry, etc. Testified by the Earl of Desmond, the Lord Roch, Marcattee, and Parry. The Earls Reply. That the Deputy Faulkland had set out the same Proclamation; That the same Restraint was contained in the Statute of 25. Henry 6. upon which the Proclamation was founded; That he had the King's express Warrant for the Proclamation; That he had also power to do it by the Commission granted him, and that the Lords of the Council and their justices, not only yielded, but pressed him unto it; That it was done upon just cause; for had the Ports been open, divers would have taken liberty to go to Spain, Douai, Rheimes, or St. Omers, which might have proved of mischievous Consequence to the State: That the Earl of Desmond stood, at the time of his restraint, Charged with Treason before the Council of Ireland, for practising against the Life of one Valentine Coke. That the Lord Roch was then a Prisoner for Debt in the Castle of Dublin, and therefore incapable of Licence. That Parry was not fined for not coming without Licence, but for several contempts against the Council-Board in Ireland; and that in his Sentence he had but only a casting Voice, as the Lord Keeper in the Star-Chamber. 14. That having done such things as aforesaid, in his Majesty's Name, he framed by his own Authority an unusual Oath, whereby among other things, people were to Swear, That they would not protest against any of his Majesty's Royal Commands, but submit themselves in all Obedience thereunto: An Oath which he Imposed on several Scots in Ireland (designing it indeed against the Scottish Covenant) on pain of great Fines, as H. Steward 5000 l. etc. Exile, and Imprisonment, etc. The Earls Reply. That the Oath was not violently enjoined by him upon the Irish Scots, but framed in Compliance with their own express Petition; which Petition is owned in the Proclamation, as the main Impulsive to it. That the same Oath not long after, was prescribed by the Council of England: That he had a Letter under his Majesties own hand, ordering it to be prescribed as a Touchstone of their Fidelity. As to the greatness of the Fine imposed upon Steward, and others, he conceived it was not more than the heinousness of their Offences deserved; yet had they Petitioned, and submitted the next day, it would wholly have been remitted. 15. That he persuaded his Majesty to an offensive War against the Scots, declaring that the Demands made by the Scots this Parliament, was a sufficient Cause of a War, besides that on the 10th of Octob. 1640. he said, That the Nation of Scots were Rebels, and Traitors; adding, that if it pleased his Master to send him back again (as he was going to England) he would leave the Scottish Nation neither Root nor Branch, excepting those that took the aforesaid Oath. The Earls Reply. That he called all the Scottish Nation Traitors, and Rebels, no one Proof is produced; and though he is hasty in speech, yet was he never so defective of his reason, as to speak so like a mad Man; for he knew well his Majesty was a Native of that Kingdom, and was confident many of that Nation were of as Heriock Spirits, and as Faithful and Loyal Subjects as any the King had. As to the other words of his rooting out the Scots Root and Branch, he conceives a short Reply may serve, they being proved by a single Testimony only, which can make no sufficient faith in case of life: Again, the witness was very much mistaken, if not worse; for he deposeth that these words were spoken the tenth day of October in Ireland, whereas he was able to evidence, he was at that time in England, and had been so near a month before. 18. That when the Parliament 13 April, 1640. entered upon the Grievances in Church and State; the Earl (to whom with the Arch Bishop of Canterbury, the King referred the business of that Parliament) advised his Majesty to press the Commons to supply his Majesty's occasions against the Scots, before they Redressed any Grievances. And when they were in debate about the Supplies, persuaded his Majesty to dissolve them, by telling him they had denied to supply him: Adding, after the dissolution of that Parliament, that the King having tried the Affections of his people, he was loosed, and absolved from all Rules of Government, and was to do every thing that Power would admit: and that since his Majesty had tried all ways, and was refused, he should be Acquitted both by God and Man; and that he had an Army in Ireland, which he might employ, to reduce this Kingdom to obedience. The Earls Reply. That he was not the Principal Cause of Dissolving the last Parliament; for before he came to the Council-table, it was Voted by the Lords, to Demand twelve Subsidies, and that Henry Vane was Ordered to Demand no less. But he coming in the interim, he persuades the Lords to Vote it again, Declaring to his Majesty (than present) and them, the danger of the Breach of Parliament: Whereupon it was Voted, that if the Parliament would not grant twelve Subsidies, Sir Henry Vane would descend to eight, and rather than fail, to six. But Sir Henry not observing his Instructions, demanded twelve only without abatement or going lower: That the height of this Demand, urged the Parliament to deny, and their denial moved his Majesty to Dissolve the Parliament; so that the chief occasion of the Breach thereof, `was, as he conceived, Sir Henry Vane. He confesseth, that at the Council-table, he Advised the King to an Offensive War against the Scots; but it was not, until all fair means to prevent a War had been first attempted. Again, others were as much for a Defensive War, and it might be as free to Vote one as the other. Lastly, Votes at a Council-board are but bare Opinions, and Opinions, if pertinaciously maintained, may make an Heretic, but cannot a Traitor. And to Sir Henry Vanes Deposition, he said, it was only a single testimony, and contradicted by four Lords of the junto-tables depositions, viz. The Earl of Northumberland, the Marquis of Hamilton, the Bishop of London, and the Lord Cottington; who all affirmed, that there was no question made of this Kingdom, which was then in obedience, but of Scotland that was in Rebellion. And Sir Henry Vane, being twice Examined upon Oath, could not remember whether he said this or that Kingdom, and the Notes after offered for more proof, were but the same thing, and added nothing to the Evidence, to make it a double Testimony, or to make a Privy-councellors Opinion, in a Debate at Council, High-treason. 19 That after the Dissolution of the Parliament April 5. 1640. The said Earl Advised the King to go on vigorously to Levy Ship-money, and other Illegal Payments, suing in Star-chamber, and Imprisoning several that neglected, either to gather or pay those Levies: Particularly the Londoners, who for not Collecting the Ship-money, so vigorously as they should have done, and refusing to give in the names of such Citizens as were able to Lend Money● upon the Loan of an 100000l. demanded of them, were threatened by him at the Council-table. That they deserved to be put to Fine and Ransom; and that no good would be done with them, till an Example were made of them, till they were laid by the Heels, and some of the Aldermen Hanged up. The Earls Reply. That there was a present necessity for Money, that all the Council-board had Voted with, yea, before him. That there was then a Sentence in Star-chamber, upon the Opinion of all the judges, for the Legality of the Tax of Ship-money, and he thought he might advice the King to take what the judges had declared was by Law his own. He confessed, that upon the Refusal of so just a Service, the better to quicken the Citizens' to the Payment of Ship-money, he said, They deserved to be Fined; Which words, perhaps, might be circumspectly delivered, but (conceives) cannot be a motive to Treason, especially, when no ill consequence followed upon them: And it would render Men in a sad condition, if for every hasty Word, or Opinion given in Council, they should be Sentenced as Traitors. But that he said, It were well for the King's Service, if some of the Aldermen were hanged up, he utterly denieth. Nor is it proved by any, but Alderman Garway, who is at best but a single Testimony, and therefore no sufficient Evidence in Case of Life. 20. That he had Advised the King to seize upon the Bullion in the Mint, and when the Merchants, whose Bullion was seized on to the value of 50000l. waited upon him at his house, to represent to him the consequence of discrediting the Mint, and hindering the Importance of Bullion. Answered them, that it was the course of other Princes in those exigencies, to which the undutifulness of London [kinder to the Rebels than to his Majesty] had reduced the King: And that he had directed the Imfusing of money with Brass. Alleging to the Officers of the Mint, when they represented to him the Inconvenience of that Project, that the French King had an Army of horse to Levy his Taxes, and search men's Estates; and telling my Lord Cottington that stood by, that that was a point worth his consideration. The Earls Reply. That he expected some proof to evidence the two first particulars, but he hears of none. For the following words he confessed, probably, they might escape the Door of his Lips, nor did he think it much amiss, considering the present posture, to call that Faction, Rebels. As for the last words objected against him in that Article, he said, that being in conference with some of the Londoners, there came to his hands at that present, a Letter from the Earl of Lichester, then in Paris, wherein were the Gazettes enclosed, relating that the Cardinal had given order to ●evy Money by Soldiers. This he only told the Lord Cottington standing by, but he made not the least Application thereof to the English affairs. 21. That being Lieutenant-General of the Northern Forces against the Scots, 1639. he Imposed 6d. per diem, on the Inhabitants of Yorkshire, for the maintenance of Trained Bands by his own Authority, threatening them that refused with imprisonment, and other penalties, little below those inflicted for High-Treason. The Earls Reply. That his Majesty coming to York, it was thought necessary, in regard the Enemy was upon the Borders, to keep the Trained-bands on foot, for the defence of the Country; and therefore the King directed him to Write to the Freeholders' in Yorkshire, to declare, what they would do for their own defence; that they freely offered a months pay, nor did any man grudge against it. Again, it was twice propounded to the great Council of Pe●rs at York, that the King approved it as a just and necessary act, and none of the Council contradicted it, which he conceived seemed a tacit allowance of it. That though his Majesty had not given him special Order therein, nor the Gentry had desired it; yet, he conceived, he had power enough to Impose that Tax, by Virtue of his Commission. But he never said, that the Refusers should he guilty of little less than High-treason; which being proved by Sir William Ingram, he was but a single Testimony, and one who had formerly mistaken himself in what he had deposed. 22. That he being Lieutenant-General against the Scots, suffered Newcastle to be Lost to them, with design to incense the English against the Scots: And that he ordered my Lord Conway to Fight them upon disadvantage, [the said Lord having satisfied him, that his Forces were not equal to the Scots] out of a malicious desire to Engage the two Kingdoms in a National and Bloody War. The Earls Reply. That he admired how in the third Article, he being charged as an Incendiary against the Scots, is now in this Article made their Confederate, by Betraying Newcastle into their hands. But to answer more particularly, he said, That there were at Newcastle the 24. of August, ten or twelve thousand Foot, and two thousand Horse, under the Command of the Lord Conway, and Sir Jacob Ashley, and that Sir Jacob had writ to him concerning the Town of Newcastle, that it was Fortified, which also was under his particular Care; and for the passage over the River of Tine, His Majesty sent special direction to the Lord Conway to secure it; and therefore that Lord is more (as he conceives) responsible for that miscarriage, than himself. These replies were so satisfactory in themselves, and so nobly managed by him, that they exceeded the expectation of the Earls Friends, and defeated that of his Enemies: Insomuch, that finding both the number and the weight of their former Articles ineffectual (their multitude being not, as they designed, able to hide their weakness) they would needs force him the next day (notwithstanding a ●it of the Stone, that made it as much as his life was worth to stir abroad, which though testified by the Lieutenant of the Tower, they measuring the Earls great spirit, that scorned to owe his brave Life to ignoble Acts, by their own mean one, believed not; and when convinced, aiming at his ruin, rather than trial, regarded not) to answer others, I mean, those obscure Notes that Sir Henry Vane (whose covetousness having as great a mind to a part of the Earl's Estate, as others ambition had to the snips of his Power, betrayed his trust and honour to satisfy his malice) took under his Hat at Council-board [May 5. 1040. the day the last Parliament was Dissolved] treacherously, laid up in his Closet maliciously, and by his own Son Harry (who must be pretended, forsooth, as false to the Father, as ever the Father had been to his Master; and when sent to one Closet, finding a little Key there, to have ransacked another, where these Notes lay) conveyed to Master Pym slyly; by Master Pym and the Commons [who would needs have a conference with the Lords that very afternoon] urged so vehemently, that the Lords, who thought it reasonable, that the Earl's Evidence might be heard, as well as his Adversaries, were baffled to a compliance with the Commons in this Vote, that the Earl should appear, April 13th. as he did. And when these Notes were Read, viz. No danger of a War with Scotland, if Offensive, not Defensive. Sir Harry V●n●'s Notes against the Earl of Strafford, that ruined him. K. C. H. How can we undertake an Offensive War, if we have no money? L. L. Ir. Borrow of the City an hundred thousand pounds, go on vigorously to Levy Ship-money, your Majesty having tried the affections of your People, you are absolved, and lose from all Rules of Government, and to do what Power will admit. Your Majesty hath tried all ways, and being refused, shall be Acquitted before God and Man. And you have an Army in Ireland, that you may Employ to reduce this Kingdom to obedience; for, I am confident, the Scots cannot hold out five months: The Town is full of Lords, put the Commission of Array on foot; and if any of them stir, we will make them smart. Answered thus calmly and clearly (his nature being not overcome, nor his temper altered, The Earls full and notable Answer to those Notest by the arts of his Adversaries.) That being a Privy Counsellor, he conceived he might have the freedom to Vote with others his opinion; being as the exigent required. It would be hard measure, for Opinions, Resulting from such Debates, to be prosecuted under the notion of Treason. And for the main Hint suggested from these words.— The King had an Army in Ireland, which he might Employ here to reduce this Kingdom; he Answereth, That it is proved by the single Testimony of one man [Secretary Van●] not being of validity in Law to create faith in a Case of Debt, much less in Life and Death. That the Secretary's Deposition was very dubious: For upon two Examinations, he could not Remember any such words. And the third time his Testimony was various; but that I should speak such words, and the like. And words may be very like in Sound, and differ in Sense; as in the words of my charge here for there; and that for this, puts an end to the Controversy. There were present at this Debate, but eight Privy Counsellors in all; two are not to be produced, the Archbishop, and Windebanke. Sir Henry Vane affirmeth the words. I deny them: then there remain four for further Evidence, viz. The Marquis Hamilton, the Earl of Northumberland, the Lord Treasurer, and the Lord Cottington, who have all declared upon their honour, that they never heard me speak those words, nay, nor the like. Lastly suppose [though I granted it not] that I spoke those words, yet cannot the word this rationally imply England, because the Debate was concerning Scotland, as is yielded on all hands, because England was not out of the way of obedience, as the Earl of Clare observed well; and, because there was never the least intention of Landing the Irish Army in England, as the foresaid Lords of the Privy Council are able to attest. Concluding his defence with a sinewy summary, and a close recapitulation of what he had said, and a gallant Speech to this purpose: My Lords, THere yet remains another Treason, that I should be guilty of; The endeavouring to subvert the Fundamental Laws of the Land: That they should now be Treason together, that is not Treason in any one part of Treason Accumulative, that so, when all will not do, it is woven up with others, it should seem very strange. Under favour, my Lords, I do not conceive that there is either Statute-law, or Common-law, that doth declare the endeavouring to subvert the Fundamental Laws to be High-treason. For neither Statute-law, nor Common-law written, that ever I could hear off, declareth it so. And yet I have been diligent to inquire (as, I believe, you think it doth concern me to do.) It is hard to be questioned for Life and Honour, upon a Law that cannot be shown. There is a Rule I have learned from Sir Edward Cook, De non apparentibus, & non existentibus eadem ratio: (Jesu●) Where hath this fire lain all this while, so many hundreds of years, without any smoke to discover it, till it thus burnt out to consume me, and my Children; extreme hard, in my opinion, that punishment should proceed promulgation of Laws, punishment by a Law, subsequent to the acts done. Take it into your consideration: For certainly it is now better to be under no Law at all, but the will of men; than to conform ourselves under the protection of a Law as we think, and then be punished for a Crime that doth proceed the Law: What man can be safe, if that be once admitted? My Lords, It is hard in another respect, that there should be no Token set upon this Offence, by which we should know it; no Admonition, by which we should be aware of it. If a man pass down the Thames in a Boat, and it be Split upon an Anchor, and no Buoy be set, as a token, that there is an Anchor there; that party that owes the Anchor, by the Maritine Laws, shall give satisfaction for the damage done; but if it were mark● out, I must come upon my own peril. Now where is a mark upon this crime, where is the token this is High-treason? If it be under water, and not above water, no humane providence can avail, nor prevent my destruction. Lay aside all humane wisdom, and let us rest upon Divine Revelation, if you will condemn me before you forewarn the danger. Oh, my Lords! May your Lordships be pleased to give regard unto the presage of England, as never to suffer ourselves to be put on those nice points, upon such contractive interpretations; and these are where Laws are not clear or known. If there must be trials of Wits, I do humbly beseech you, the subject and matter may be somewhat else, than the lives and honours of Peers. My Lords, We find that the Primitive times, in the progression of the plain Doctrine of the Apostles, they brought the Books of Curious Arts, and burned them. And so likewise, as I conceive, it will be wisdom and providence in your Lordships, for your posterity and the whole Kingdoms, to cast from you into the fire, those bloody and most mysterious Volumes of constructive and arbitrary Treasons; and to betake yourselves to the plain letters of the Law and Statute, that telleth us where the crime is, and by telling what is, and what is not, shows us how to avoid it. And let us not be ambitious, to be more wise and learned in the kill arts, than our forefathers were. It is now full two hundred and forty years, since ever any man was touched for this alleged crime (to this height) before myself; we have lived happily to ourselves at home, and we have lived gloriously to the world abroad. Let us rest contented with that our fathers have left us, and not awaken th●se sleepy Lions to our own destructions; by taking up a few musty Records, that have lain so many Ages by the Walls, quite forgotten and neglected. May your Lordships be nobly pleased, to add this to those other misfortunes befallen me for my Sins, not for my Treasons, that a Precedent should be derived from me of that disadvantage (as this will be in the consequent to the whole Kingdom.) I beseech you seriously to consider it, and let not my particular cause be looked upon as you do, though you wound me in my interest in the Commonwealth; and therefore those Gentlemen say, that they speak for the Commonwealth, yet, in this particular, I indeed speak for it, and the inconveniencies and mischiefs that will heavily fall upon us. For as it is in the first of King Henry the fourth, no man will after know what to do, or say for fear. Do not put, My Lords, so great difficulties upon the Ministers of State, that men of wisdom, honour and virtue, may not with cheerfulness and safety be employed for the public. If you weigh and measure them by Grains and Scruples, the public affairs of the Kingdom will be laid waste, and no man will meddle with them, that hath honours, issues, or any fortunes to lose. MY Lords, I have now troubled you longer than I should have done, were it not for the interest of those dear pledges a Saint in Heaven left me; I should be loath, my Lords, (there he stopped.) What I forfeit for myself, it is nothing, but that my Indiscretion should forfeit for my Child, it even woundeth me to the very soul. You will pardon my infirmity: something I should have said, but I am not able (and sighed) therefore, let it pass. And now, my Lords, I have been, by the blessing of Almighty God, taught, that the aff●iction of this life present, are not to be compared to the eternal weight of that glory that shall be revealed to us hereafter. And so, my Lords, even so, with tranquillity of mind, I do submit myself freely and clearly to your Lordship's judgements; and whether that righteous judgement shall be to life or death. Te Deum Laudamus. A defence every way so complete; The Earls gallant come off. That he, whom English, Scots, and Irish combined against in their Testimonies, [such English as cavied his virtues and power, such Scots as feared his wisdom and council, such Irish as could not endure the strictness and civility of his government. In fine, such whose frauds and force were met with by his prudence and prowess] He whom three Kingdoms agreed against in their Faction, (indeed, so excellent a Personage was not to be ruined, but by the pretended hatred of the whole Empire.) He, whom the Mercenary Lawyers and Orators represented so monstrously, appeared so innocent, that some of his very Enemies said [in much anger, you may be sure] that their Charge of Misdemeanours, proved no other than a Libel of Slanders; and the disengaged and honest part of the Nation (with as much pleasure, to find so great faults) reflected on the unhappiness of great Ministers, See Dr. P. life K. Ch. I. p. 23. whose parts and trust must be their crimes, whose happy councils are envied, and unsuccesseful, though prudent ones, severely accused: When they err, every one condemneth them; and their wise advices few praise: For those that are benefited, envy; and such as are disappointed, hate those that gave them. The Faction thus baffled by his Abilities and Innocence, What shifts they were forced to make to get his head. and run down by Master Lane, the Prince's Attorney's Argument (for with much ado) they allowed him Master Lane, Recorder Gardiner, Master Lo, and Master Lightfoot for Council, though in point of Law [in such matters, as they would allow them to plead in] viz. That these words in the Statute of 25. Edw. 3. Because particular Treasons could not be then defined, therefore, what the Parliament shall declare to be Treason, in time to come should be punished as Treason.— being the words of a declarative and penal Statute, aught to be understood literally; and that this Salvo was Repealed 6. Hen. 4. when it was Enacted, that nothing shall be esteemed Treason, but what is literally contained in the Statute 25. Edw. 3. drew up the Bill of Attainder (a Law after the Fact, with a shameful Caution, that the unparallelled thing should not be drawn into a Precedent, so securing themselves, who really designed that alteration of Government they falsely charged him with, from the return of the same Injustice on themselves, The Bishops that were sent for were Dr. Ʋsher A. B. of Armagh, Dr. Juxon Bishop of London, Dr. Morton Bishop of Durham, Dr. Poller Bishop of Carlisle, Dr. William's Bishop of Lincoln, who told the King that he need not scruple showing mercy. which they Acted on him.) A Bill that they Passed in two days [so eager were they of blood, and so fearful of delays and sober consideration] notwithstanding the generous dissent of a fifth part of the Commons (men of honest hopes, who disdained to administer to the lusts of the Faction, in the blood of so much innocent Gallantry, though with the hazard of their lives, being Posted and Marked out to the fury of the Rabble. And by the Midwifery of a Tumult of 5 or 6000. people, instigated and directed by unquiet Members of the House of Commons, that were seen amongst them, to the great dishonour of their persons and places, forced upon as many of the Peers as would or durst Sat, and that was scarce a third part, in whose thin house, after the King had so frankly declared three things, May. 1. in the Earl's behalf, before both House, viz. 1. That he was never advised to bring the Irish Army into England. 2. That no man ever durst create in him the least jealousy of his English Subjects Loyalty. 3. That no man ever dared to move him to alter the least, much less all the Laws of England. It scarcely Passed after so many hideous Riots raised by the Pulpit Demagogues, Sunday May 2. by seven Voices.— And when brought to his Majesty (who had earnestly entreated them, by all the Frank Concessions he had made to them, that Parliament not to press him in so tender a point) and though the Tumults without, and the Solicitations within (several Courtiers looking on the Earl, as the Herd doth on an hurt Deer, hoping his blood would be the lustration of the Court) ran high; the Gracious King (being loath to leave so faithful and brave a man a Sacrifice to popular rage) there stuck, until 1. The Judges (upon whose judgement the Bishops, when sent for, advised his Majesty to rely in matter of Law, they being sworn to declare the Law equally between the King and his People) pronounced him guilty of Treason in the general, though they confessed he was not so in any particulars [the point his Majesty pressed much upon them.] 2. The Parliament, City and Country importuned him, his very followers tiring him with that Maxim [the weakness whereof many of them lived to see and suffer.] Some talk of a Paper-promise the King gave him, Some cunning persons suggest be sent to the King, scorning to owe his life after so much service to a bare promise. wherein was write upon, Better one man perish, though unjustly, than the people be displeased or destroyed. And the Parliament wearying him with that clamour, rather than reason, that their Vote, though against his Judgement, should satisfy his Conscience. 3. The Earl offered himself a Victim, like Hurtius, for the Kingdom's Peace, and the King's Safety, in this Letter to his Majesty. The Earl of Strafford's Letter to the King. May it please your Majesty, IT hath been my greatest grief in all these troubles, The Earl of strafford's remarkable Letter to the King. to be taken as a person, who should endeavour to represent, and set things amiss, between your Majesty and your People, and to give council, tending to the disquiet of the three Kingdoms. Most true it is, that mine own private condition considered, it had been a great madness, since through your gracious favour, I was so provided, as not to expect in any kind to mend my fortune, or please my mind more; than by resting where your bounteous hand had placed me. Nay, it is most mightily mistaken, for unto your Majesty is well known, my poor and humble advises concluded still in this, that your Majesty, and your people could never be happy, till there were a Right Understanding betwixt you and them; no other means to effect, and settle this happiness, but by the counsel and assent of the Parliament; or to prevent the growing evils upon this State, but by entirely putting yourself, in your last resort, upon the Loyalty and good Affection of your English Subjects. Yet, such is my misfortune, this truth findeth little credit; the contrary seemeth generally believed, and myself reputed, as something of separation, between you and your people, under a heavier censure, than which, I am persuaded, no Gentleman can suffer. Now, I understand, the minds of men are more incensed against me, notwithstanding your Majesty hath declared, that in your Princely Opinion, I am not guilty of Treason, nor are you satisfied in your Conscience to Pass the Bill. This bringeth me into a very great straight, there is before me the ruin of my Children and Family, hitherto untouched in all the branches of it, with any foul Crimes. Here is before me the many Ills, which may befall your Sacred Person, and the whole Kingdom, should yourself, and the Parliament part less satisfied one with another, than is necessary for the preservation of King, and People. Here are before me the things most valued, most feared by mortal man, Life or Death. To say, Sir, that there hath been no strife in me, were to make me less than God knoweth I am, and mine infirmities give me. And to call a destruction upon myself and young Children (where the intentions of my heart have been innocent, at least, of this great offence) may be believed will find no easy content to flesh and blood. But with much sadness I am come to a resolution of that which I think best becomes me, to look upon that which is most principal in its self, which doubtless is the prosperity of your Sacred Person, and the Commonwealth, infinitely beyond any private man's interest. And therefore in few words, as I put myself wholly upon the honour and justice of my Peers so clearly, as to beseech your Majesty might be pleased to have spared that Declaration of yours on Saturday last, and entirely to have left me to their Lordships: So now to set your Conscience at liberty, I do most humbly beseech you, for the preventing of such mischief as may happen by your refusal to Pass the Bill, by this means remove, I cannot say [praised be God] this Accursed, but I confess, this Unfortunate thing out of the way, towards that blessed Agreement, which God, I trust, will establish for ever between you and your Subjects. Sir, my Consent herein, shall more acquit you to God, than all the world can do besides. To a willing man, there is no injury done. And as by God's grace, I forgive all the world with all cheerfulness imaginable, in the just acknowledgement of your exceeding Favours. And only Beg that in your goodness, you would be pleased to cast your Gracious regard upon my poor Son, and his Sisters, less or more, and no otherwise than their unfortunate Father, shall appear more or less guilty of his death. God long preserve your Majesty.— Tower, May 4. 1640. Your Majesty's most humble and faithful subject and servant, STRAFFORD. And then with much reluctancy [the King being overcome, rather than persuaded] Passed by Proxies, In have formam.— The Bill of Attainder against the Earl of Strafford extorted by a prevailing Faction by force from the Parliament 16, and 17. CAR. 1. Repealed by a Free and Full-Parliament 13, and 14. CAR. 11. WHereas the Knights, The notorious Bill of Attainder against the Earl of Strafford, How true, you may see in the ●yal. Citizens and Burgesses of the House a The Seditious Party there. of Commons in this present Parliament Assembled; have in the names of themselves, and all b Not a tenth part, all sober men being afraid and ashamed of it. Where there is none of this proved, yea, what they insisted upon, was proved but by one Witness, Sir H● V. and him 〈◊〉 by 4 honourable Lords, that were present with Sir H. V. when the words he deposed should be spoken. the Commons of England, Impeached Thomas Earl of Strafford of High-treason, for endeavouring to subvert the Ancient and Fundamental Laws and Government of his Majesty's Realms of England and Ireland. And to Introduce a Tyrannical and Arbitrary Government, against Law, into those Kingdoms; and for exercising a Tyrannous, and Exorbitant Power, over and against the Laws of the said Kingdoms, over the Liberties, Estates, and Lives of his Majesty's Subjects; and likewise, for having, by his own Authority, commanded the Laying and Assessing of Soldiers, upon his Majesty's Subjects in Ireland, against their Consent, to Compel them to obey his unlawful Commands and Orders, made upon Paper-Petitions, in Causes between Party and Party; which accordingly was executed upon divers of his Majesty's Subjects in a warlike manner, within the said Realm of Ireland; and in so doing, did Levy War against the King's Majesty, and his Liege People in that Kingdom. And also, for that he, after the unhappy Dissolution of the last Parliament, did slander the House of Commons to his Majesty; and did Counsel and Advise his Majesty, That he was loose, and absolved from Rules of Government, and that he had an Army in Ireland, etc. For which he deserves to undergo, c None of the things Alleged against him, being Treasons in particular, the whole could not amount to Treason. pains and forfeiture of High-Treason. And the said Earl, hath been an Incendiary between Scotland and England: All which Offences have been sufficiently proved against the said Earl, upon his d If that had been, there had been no need of this Bill. Impeachment. Be it therefore Enacted, etc. that the said Earl of Strafford, for the heinous Crimes and Offences aforesaid, Stand, and be Adjudged, and Attainted of High-treason; And shall suffer such Pain of Death, and Incur the forfeitures of his Goods, Chattels, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, of any Estate, of Freehold or Inheritance, in the said Kingdoms of England and Ireland; which the said Earl, or any other to his use, or in trust for him, have or had the day of the first Sitting of this present Parliament, or at any time since. Provided that nothing be Declared Treason hereafter, but what might have been Declared for, had this Act never been Passing.— Saving to all Persons, and Bodies Corporate, excepting the Earl; and all Rights, Titles, Interests, they did enjoy the first day of this Parliament. Any thing herein Contained to the contrary notwithstanding. Provided, That the Passing of this present Act, determine not this Session of Parliament, etc. A Bill, 1. So false in the matter of it, grounded on the Evidence of Papists, [sworn enemies to the English Name and State] that wanted only the death of this great Instrument of Government, to commit those mischiefs they accused him of, the Faction Carressing those very Rebels, to assist them in shedding my Lord of Strafford's blood, that afterwards imbrued their hands in the blood of so many innocent Protestants in Ireland. 2. So shameful in the manner of it, that as the Devil upbraids unhappy souls, with those very crimes they tempted and betrayed them to; so those very men, made use of it, to pollute the King's honour, that had even forced him to it; though the heaviest Censure was himself, Who never left bewailing his Compliance, or Connivance with this Murder, till the issue of his blood dried up those of his tears. A Bill, which might well accompany the other Bill, about the Parliaments Sitting during pleasure; this passing away the King's Honour, and the other, his Prerogative. Neither was the Bill sooner Passed, than his Execution was Ordered. The King's intercession, in a Letter sent by his own Son the Prince, for so much intermixture of mercy, with the public Justice, as to permit the Earl, either to live out his sad life in a close Imprisonment; or, at least, that his soul, that found so much Injustice on earth, might have a Week, to prepare its self for the mercy of Heaven. Rather quickening the bloody men's Counsels [who thought not themselves safe, as long as he was so, and whose fears and jealousies created, or entertained stories every minute of his escape a As that Captain ●llingsley should come with an 100L. men and ● the pretence of a Guard to the Tower, to Rescut the Earl. That the 〈◊〉 B other should w●●●elow the ●ower to that purpose. That Balsores Son should have 20000l with he Ear'●s Daughter, &c or rescue] than mitigating them: And therefore the second day after [a great man must be surprised, secured, as soon as accused; tried, as soon as secured; condemned, as soon as tried; and executed, as soon as condemned] the very day Sir Henry Vane the Younger, that contributed so much to this Murder, was Executed afterwards. After six months' Imprisonment, and twenty one whole days Trial, wherein he answered the whole House of Commons, for six or seven hours each day, to the infinite satisfaction of all impartial b The very L●aies took Notes. Persons. He was brought, with a strong and solemn Guard, to the Scaffold on Tower-hill. (In his passage thither, he had a sight of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whose prayers and blessings, he, with low obeisance, begged, and the pious Prelate bestowed them with tears) having a little (Weeping bitterly before the King, when the Bill of Attainder Passed) before by Sir Dudley Carleton been informed, what the Parliament demanded of the King, and what the King had granted the Parliament. Information, that amazed him indeed at first, but at last, made him infinitely willing to leave this sad world; and there managed the last Scene of his life, with the same gallantry, that he had done all the rest; looking death in the face, with the same presence of spirit, that he had done his enemies. Being accompanied, besides his own Relations and Servants, by the Primate of Armagh, who (however misrepresented in this matter) was much afflicted, all along, for this incomparable person's hard measure; who, among other his virtues, owned so singular a love, to this Reverend and Learned Person, that taking his leave of Ireland, the last time he was there, he begged his blessing on his Knees, and the last minute he was in the world, desired him to accompany him with his Prayers: Addressing his last Speech to him, Thus: My Lord Primate of Ireland, IT is my very great comfort, The Earl of Strafford's Speech on the Scaffold. I have your Lordship by me this day, in regard I have been known these many years, and I do thank God, and your Lordship for it, that you are here; I should be very glad to obtain so much silence, as to be heard a few words; but, I doubt, I shall not, the noise is so great. My Lords, I am come hither, by the good will and pleasure of Almighty God, to pay that last debt I owe to sin, which is death; and by the blessing of that God, to rise again, through the merits of Jesus Christ, to righteousness and life eternal. [Here he was a little interrupted.] My Lords, I am come hither, to submit to that judgement which hath Passed against me; I do it with a very quiet and contented mind. I thank God, I do freely forgive all the world, a forgiveness that is not spoken from the teeth outwards (as they say) but from the very heart: I speak in the presence of Almighty God, before whom I stand, that there is not a displeasing thought arising in me towards any man living. I thank God, I can say it, and truly too, my Conscience bearing me witness, that in all my employment, since I had the honour to serve his Majesty, I never had any thing, in the purpose of my heart, but what tended to the joint and individual prosperity of King and People; although it hath been my ill fortune to be misconstrued. I am not the first that hath suffered in this kind: It is the common portion of us all, while we are in this life, to err; we are very subject to be mis-judged one of another. There is one thing I desire to free myself of, and I am very confident (speaking it now with so much cheerfulness) that I shall obtain your Christian charity in the belief of it. I was so far from being against Parliaments, that I did always think the Parliaments of England, were the most happy Constitutions, that any Kingdom or Nation lived under, and the best means under God to make the King and People happy. For my Death here, I acquit all the world, and beseech the God of heaven heartily to forgive them that contrived it; though in the intentions and purposes of my heart, I am not guilty of what I die for: And my Lord Primate, it is a great comfort to me, that his Majesty conceives me not meriting so severe and heavy a punishment, as is the utmost Execution of this Sentence, I do infinitely rejoice in this mercy of his, and I beseech God to return it into his own bosom, that he may find mercy, when he stands in most need of it. I wish this Kingdom all the prosperity and happiness in the world; I did it living, and now dying it is my wish: I do most humbly recommend this to every one who hears me, and desire they would lay their hands upon their hearts, and consider seriously, whether the beginning of the Happiness and Reformation of a Kingdom, should be written in Letters of Blood. Consider this when you are at your houses, and let me never be so unhappy, as that the last of my blood, should rise up in judgement against any one of you: But, I fear, you are in a wrong way. My Lords, I have but one word more, and with that I shall end. I profess, that I die, a true and obedient Son to the Church of England, wherein I was born, and in which I was bred. Peace and prosperity be ever to it. It hath been objected (if it were an objection worth the answering) that I have been inclined to Popery; but, I say, truly from my heart, that from the time I was one and twenty years of age, to this present, going now upon forty nine, I never had in my heart to doubt of this Religion of the Church of England; nor ever had any man the boldness to suggest any such thing to me, to the best of my remembrance. And so being reconciled by the merits of Jesus Christ my Saviour, into whose bosom, I hope, I shall shortly be gathered, to those eternal happinesses which shall never have an end: I desire heartily the forgiveness of every man, for any rash or unadvised words, or any thing done amiss. And so my Lords and Gentlemen, farewel, farewel all the things of this world. I desire that you would be silent, and join with me in prayer, and I trust in God, we shall all meet and live eternally in heaven, there to receive the accomplishment of all happiness, where every tear shall be wiped away from our eyes, and every sad thought from our hearts. And so God bless this Kingdom, and Jesus have mercy upon my soul. AN EPITAPH ON THE Earl of Strafford. HEre lies wise and valiant Dust, Huddled up 'twixt Fit and Just; Strafford, who was hurried hence, 'Twixt Treason and Convenience: He spent his time here in a mist, A Papist, yet a Calvinist, His Prince's nearest joy and Grief, He had, yet wanted all Relief: The Prop and Ruin of the State, The people's violent Love and Hate. One in extremes loved and abhorred, Riddles lie here; and in a word, Here lies Blood, and let it lie Speechless still, and never cry. Exu●ge cinis, tuumque, ●●us qui potis es, scribe Epitaphium, Nequit Wentworthi non esse facundus, vel cinis. Effare Marmor: & quem caepisti Comprehendere, Macte & Exprimere. Candidius meretur urna, quam quod rubris Notatum est litteris, Elogium. Atlas' Regiminis Monarchichi high jacet ●assus: Secunda Orbis Britannici Intelligentia: Rex Politiae, & Prorex Hiberniae; Straffordii & virtutum Comes: Mens jovis, Mercurii ingenium & lingua Apollinis: Cui Anglia Hiberniam debuit, seipsum Hibernia: Sydus Aquilonicum; quo sub rubicunda vespera accident, Nox simul & dies visa est: dextroque oculo flevit, Laevoque laetata est Anglia. Theatrum Honoris, itemque scena calamitosa virtutis Actoribus, morbo, morte, & invidia Quae ternis animosa Regnis, non vicit tamen, Sed oppressis. Sic inclinavit Heros (non minus) Caput Belluae (vel sic) multorum Capitum. Merces furoris Scotici praeter pecunias, Erubuit ut tetigit securis. Similem quippe nunquam degustavit sanguinem Monstrum narro, fuit tam infensus legibus, Ut prius legem quam nata foret, violavit. Hunc tamen non sustulit Lex, Verum necessitas, non habet Legem, Abi viator, caetera memorabunt posteri. THE Life and Death OF Sr. JOHN FINCH, Baron Foreditch, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of ENGLAND. THE fall of the last great Man, so terrified the other Officers of State, that the Lord High-treasurer resigned his Staff to the hands from whence he had it: The Lord Cottington forsook the Mastership of the Court of Wards; and the * The Right Honourable, the then Earl, now the Duke of Newcastle. Guardian of the Prince returned him to the King. These Lords parting with their Offices, like those that scatter their Jewels and Treasures in the way that they might delude the violence of their greedy pursuers; a course, that if speedily embraced, had not only saved them, but the Earl's too, so willing was the Earl of B. to have been Lord Treasurer, Master Pym Chancellor of the Exchequer, Earl of Essex Governor to the Prince, Master Hampden Tutor, my Lord Say Master of the Wards, Master H. Principal Secretary, Earl of L. Deputy of Ireland, and the Earl of W. Admiral, that the Historian writes, their Baffle and disappointment in these expectations, rendered them Implacable to the Earl, and Irreconcilable to any methods of peace and composure, Declaration Aug. 10. and the King's Majesty Declares it.— What overtures have been made by them, (they are the words of the Declaration) with what importunities for Offices and Preferments? what great Services should have been done for him? and what other undertake even to have saved the life of the Earl of Strafford! [so Cheap a Rate it seems might have saved that excellent Personage.] Others quitted their Country, finding the Faction as greedy of blood as of preferment, & loath to trust themselves in that place, where reason was guided by force, where Votes stayed not the ripening, and season of Counsel in the order, gravity and deliberateness, befitting a Parliament, but were violently ripped up by barbarous cruelty, and forcibly cut out abortive by Popular Riot and Impatience: Esteeming it a hardness beyond true valour, for a wise man to set himself against the breaking in of the Sea, and which is as dreadful, the madness of the people; which to resist at present, threateneth imminent danger, but to withdraw, giveth it space to spread its fury, and gains a fitter time to repair the breach. Of which honourable number, Sir john Finch was one. A Person born for Law and Courtship, being a Branch of that Family, which the Spanish Ambassador, in a discourse with King james, styled the Gentile and Obliging House; Their Ancient Surname is Herbert. a Family that was enrolled Gentile, by the Commissioners appointed to that purpose by King Henry the 6th. and which my Lord Bacon called the Lawer's Race. At the same time, Sir Heneage Finch Recorder of London, Sir Henry Finch Sergeant at Law to King james, and his Son Sir john Finch Attorney General to Queen Mary, and Speaker to that curious, knowing, and rich Parliament; wherein some have observed, though wide I suppose, that the House of Commons modestly estimated [consisting of about 500] could buy the House of Peers consisting of 118.) thrice over. Noremberge in Germany, and Florence in Italy, would not admit any Learned Men into their Counsels; Because Learned Men (saith the Historian of those places) are perplexed to resolve upon Affairs, making many doubts full of respects and imaginations. Semblably, this Parliament was too rich and curious to do any good. Sir john Finch was born September 6. 1582. about one a clock the same night Plowden died [the setting of great Lights in one place, is their rising in another] an observation as carefully Registered by his Father, as that is superstitiously kept by the Catholics. That the same day Sir Thomas More died, Thomas Stapleton was born: Mercury and Venus (presaging his two eminent Accomplishments, a brave presence and happy eloquence, that Endeared and Advanced him) being Ascendants in his Horoscope. It is considerable in Sir john Fineaux, his Countryman, that he was 28. years, before he Studied the Law, that he followed that profession 28. years, before he was made a Judge; and continued a Judge 28. years before he died. And it is remarkable in Sir john, that he was 12. years before [the sprightliness of his temper, and the greatness of his spirit, stooping, with much ado, to the Pedantry of Learning] he would learn to Read, 12. years before he Studied, 12. years more before he either Minded the Law or Practised it, his Genius leading him to Converse, rather than Study; to Read Men rather than Books, more apt for Business than Arguments; so much the less solicitous for the learning of the Law, as he was more able to supply the defect of the Pedantic part of it; with his skill in the grounds and design of it, and to set off that skill with a very plausible faculty of Address and Discourse. Those two Endowments, that oblige and command the World, and have had a great stroke, in the erecting and managing all of the Governments in it. In the 11th year of his age [for men are curious to know even the most minute passages of great and virtuous persons] his Father observing his make, fitted rather for a Court than a College, brought him, in a Progress the last Queen Elizabeth made that way, to Kiss her Majesty's Hand; with some thoughts of Inrolling him among the Younger Attendants of her Majesty. The Address and Compliment he managed so gracefully above his years, and beyond expectation, that the Gracious Queen (ask him, whether he was willing to wait upon Her, in the capacity those Young Men he saw playing round about him, did? and he replying, that he would never wait on any person, but a Queen; nor, on a Queen only, to Play about her, but to serve her, that is, (as the Civil Audience, that have always ready a charitable construction for youthful expression, interpreted and raised his words) he would be an Instrument of State for her Affairs, not only one of the number to fill her Retinue) commuted his admission to a present Service, for his Education to future Employment, in words to this effect. I have seen my Gardeners Setting, Watering, and Cherishing Young Plants, which possibly may yield fruit and pleasure in the next Age: And I love to cherish young ingenuity, whose proficiency I shall not live to see, but my Successors shall make use of: Go, go be a man. With this encouragement, and finding that it was behaviour and discourse that set off all the men in the world, when others conned their Parts, Lessons and Lectures, he acted them, weighing little of any Author, but his Elegancies, and most flouried Periods, and studying not only to observe and know those Elegancies, but to manage them, being much affected with that Orator that prescribed (upon a young Students request to know what rendered Men Eloquent) Pronunciatio, Pronunciatio, Pronunciatio, Actio, Actio, Actio. Two Studies took up most of his time: History, for the best Examples of Actions; Speeches, for the best Patterns of Discourse. To propose to ourselves [saith Cicero] the most excellent example in our discourse and life, is a good way to improvement, seeing that if we imitate the best, we shall not be the meanest. Sir Henry Martin had, besides his own Collection weekly, transmitted to him from some Proctors at Lambeth, the brief heads of the most important Causes which were Tried in the High-Commission; which, with some familiar friends in that Faculty, he privately Pleaded, Acting in his Chamber, what was done in the Court, he making it his work, and exceeding the rest in Amplifying and Aggravating any Fault, to move anger and indignation against the Gild thereof; or else, in extenuating or excusing it to procure pity, obtain pardon, or prevail at least for a lesser punishment. Whence no Cause came amiss to him in the High-Commission; for (saith my Author) he was not to make now Armour, but to put it on and buckle it; not to invent, but to apply Arguments to his Clients. Sir john Finch, besides his own Observations, had most of the eminent Speeches, Discourses, and Plead of the time, which he would perform with friends in his own person; so that, upon all the great occasions he had afterwards to speak, his business was not so much to Compose, as to Recollect, accommodating, rather than new-making his Harangues. Thus accomplished for public Affairs, with a Generous Spirit, an Active Head, a Charming Tongue, a Grave and Awing Aspect, an Obliging Converse, a Serious Temper, a Competent Skill in such soft and severe Arts, as either Furnish and Adorn the Gentry; a Happy Conduct, public thoughts with the Politure of the University, and the Inns of Court. He was after some years practise and converse, so much in Vogue in the Inns of Court, for his happy way of Managing Business, that he was with the King's Particular Choice preferred the Queen's Attorney; and so much in Repute in the Country, that he was chosen Parliament-man in that great Parliament. 1625, 1226, 1627. called, The Parliaments of Kings: And so much in esteem in that Parliament 1627. as by the Unanimous Vote of it to be chosen Speaker, as his Cousin Sir Heneage Finch the Recorder was 1621. And when Speaker, his Integrity and Ability so Approved, in that he was pitched upon as the great Mediator in most Cases, between the King and his People, ever careful in his Messages of that which King james bid Doctor Donne be careful of in his Sermons, never to Exasperate the King against his People, by too Rigid a Representation of their Carriage; nor stir up the People against the King, by too captious an Account of his Commands: Having what King james commended in my Lord Bacon, A peculiar way of handling Matters after a mild and gentle manner. Until the Faction grew so Impudent, as being Laymen, to question Divines, and state questions in Divinity, without either the assistance or assent of Convocation, as in Doctor Mountague's Case and Doctor Manwaring. 2. To Limit his Majesty in his Ancient Right to Tonnage and Pondage, so far as to deny it him, unless he would accept of it as their good will, and only as Tenant at Will from Year to Year, by an Annual grant from them. 3. To draw up Seditious Remonstrances of grievances, that they only published to exasperate the People, never intending by redressing of them, to ease them; when according to their Promise to Assist him in the War they Engaged the King in, they should have presented him with their Subsidies and Supplies. 4. To offer violence to their own Body, forcing the Solicitor to keep the Chair one time, the Speaker another. 5. To create and spread fears and jealousies by feigned Letters, and Discoveries. 6. To a As one Dr. Tunter, and one Clement Cook did. speak Treason in the very Houses of Parliament. 7. To examine the Secretary of State's Letter and the King's, to search the Signet Office, etc. 8. To threaten his Friends, and ruin his Favourites. 9 To Debate whether they should trust the King on his Word, and upon Sir Cook's Motion, to carry it in the Negative. 10. To Condition with the King about Supplies, being resolved not to Relieve his Necessities, unless he gratified their Humour. 11. To question the Farmers of the King's Customhouse, and most of the Officers of the Revenue: This Party having designed that the King should neither Enjoy his own Revenue, nor have any Relief from them. 12. To offer such Remonstrances in the House, as neither the Speaker nor Clerks would Read. I say, until the Conspiracy grew so bold, as to offer such affronts to Majesty and Government, as not only diminished, but endangered them; for then indeed he discoursed roundly, That not to Supply the King now Involved in a Foreign War, was the greatest Grievance: A poor King, as Sir Robert Cotton used to say, being the most dangerous thing in the world; This importing a Ruin, Denial of Subsidies is increasing of Necessities, other Miscarriages only an Inconvenience. That to raise Jealousies and Fears about Religion and Government, answered not the end of their Convention. which were called to Consult with the King about the great Affairs of the Kingdom, and not to remonstrate Remonstrances, instead of remedying Grievances, do but aggravate them, distracting the People whom they pretend to relieve, being Invectives against Government, rather than any Reformation of it. That Mutual Confidence was the happiest, because the most natural [for trust first made Kings] accommodation between Prince and People. That it was inhuman to grant a Gracious King Subsidies, at no lower Rate, than the Price of his best Servants blood. That the modesty of the Subject should comply with the goodness of the King, striving to oblige, as the surest way to be obliged. And when Speeches would not do, this Excellent Person finding the times (as his Gracious Master intimated in the first words of his Speech, at the opening of this Parliament) for actions, and not for words; and the Seditious made all the civilities, and kindnesses showed them, to draw them off their old dangerous Practices, Arguments and Encouragements to attempt new ones. When they inveighed against my Lord Treasurer Weston, as they had done formerly against the Duke of Buckingham, (It appearing evidently, that not the persons of men, but the King's Trust of them, was the object of their envy; and his Favour, though never so virtuous, marked them out for ruin.) And the Invective raised them to such a degree of heat, that fearing they should be Dissolved, ere they had time to Vent their Passions, they began a violence upon their own Body [an Example that lasted longer than the Cause, and at last produced the overthrow of all their Privileges] they Locked the Door of the House, kept the Key thereof in one of their own Pockets, held him then Speaker by strong hands in the Chair, till they had thundered out their Votes, like dreadful Anathemaes, against those that should Levy, and (what was an higher Rant) those that should willingly submit to pay it. When they check him for admitting the King's Message, and move him to put it to the Vote, whether their undutiful and illnatured Declaration about Tonnage and Poundage, and what they called Invasion, should be carried to the King, or no: He craved their Pardon, being Ordered expressly by his Majesty to leave the House, when it was rather a Hubbub than a Parliament, and by the a Wherewithal Westminster rung. noise they made at the close of each Factious Resolve, you would take it to be a Moorfields Tumult at a Wrestling, rather than a Sober Counsel at a Debate; when they kept in the Sergeant of the Mace, locked the Door, shut out the King's Messenger, and made a general Outcry against the Speaker, who, when the Parliament was Dissolved, drew up such a Declaration, as satisfied the People, that the ground of this Disturbance, was not in this, or that Statesman that they complained, but in their own Burgesses, who upon removal of those Statesmen, as Duke of B. etc. rather increased than abated their Disorders; and such an account of the Seditious Party as vindicated the Honour of the King: The Ringleaders of the Sedition, Protesting that they came into the House with as much zeal as any others to serve his Majesty; yet finding his Majesty offended, humbly desired, to be the subjects rather of his Majesty's mercy, than of his power. And the wiser sort of their own side censuring them, as Tacitus doth Thraseas Paetus, as having used a needless, and therefore a foolish Liberty of their Tongues, to no purpose: Sibi Periculum, nec aliis Libertatem. When he had done so much to assist the Government in Public Counsels, he was not wanting to it in his Private Affairs; so obliging he was to the Country by an extraordinary Hospitality; so serviceable to King and Country, by his quick and expedite way in all the Commissions of the Peace, etc. he was entrusted with: So happy and faithful in the management of the Queen's Revenue; so zealous for the promoting of any Design, that advanced either the King's Honour or Service, that with the unanimous Choice of King and Kingdom (then agreeing in few things else) he was preferred Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas, in place, beneath, in profit, above the Chief Justice of the King's Bench, by the same token, that some out of design have quitted that, to accept of this: amongst whom, was Sir Edward Montague, in the Reign of King Hen. 8. who being demanded of his Friends the reason of his self-degradation? I am now (saith he) an old man, and love the Kitchen above the Hall, the warmest place best suiting my age: His Writ [so much the King confided in him] running not, Durante bene placito, but, Quam diu se bene gesserit; and his Preferment owed to his Merit, not his Purse, being the judge [to use King James' speech of Judge Nichols] that would give no money, because [they only buy justice, that intent to sell it] he would take none. In that Place he had two seemingly inconsistent qualities; a great deal of Patience to attend the opening of a Cause [he would say, He had the most wakening Evidence from the most dreaming speakers] and a quick dispatch of it, when opened: Insomuch that some thought to see in his time in the Common-Pleas, and other Courts where he sat, what was seen in Sir moor's in the High-Court of Chancery, That the Courts should rise, because there were no more Causes to be tried in them. He was very careful to declare the true grounds of the Law to the King, and to dispense the exact Justice of it to the People: He observed, that those who made Laws, not only desperate, but even opposite in terms to Maxims of Government, were true friends neither to the Law nor Government, Rules of State and Law in a well-ordered Commonwealth mutually supporting each other. One Palevizine, and Italian Gentleman, and Kinsman to Scaliger, had in one night all his hair changed from black to grey: This Honourable Person immediately upon his Public Employment, put on a public Aspect, such, as he who saw him but once, might think him to be all pride, whilst they that saw him often, knew him to have none. So great a place must needs raise Envy; but withal, so great a spirit must needs overcome it: Envy and Fame [neither his friend, neither his fear] being compared by him to Scolds, which are silenced only with silence, being out of breath by telling their own tales. Seriously and studiously to confute Rumours, is to confirm them, and breed that suspicion we would avoid, intimating that reality in the story we would deny. His supposed Crimes when Chief justice, as now, and upon my Lord Coventry's death, when Lord Keeper, hear how satisfactorily he answereth in a Speech he made, after leave had to speak in the House of Commons in his own defence, where indeed there is the account of his whole Life. Mr. Speaker, I Give you thanks, The Lord Finche; Speech in his own defence. for granting me admittance to your presence; I come not to preserve myself and fortunes, but your good Opinion of me: For I profess, I had rather beg my bread from door to door with [Date obolum Ballisario] your Favour, than be never so high and honourable with your displeasure. I came not hither to justify my Words, Actions or Opinions, but to open myself freely, and then to leave myself to the House. What disadvantage it is for a man to speak in his own Cause, you well know; I had rather another should do it; but since this House is not taken with words, but with truth, which I am best able to deliver, I presume to do it myself. I come not with a set Speech, but with my heart, to open myself freely, and then to leave it to the House; but do desire, if any word fall from me, that shall be misconstrued; I may have leave to explain myself. For my Religion, I hope no man doubts it, I being religiously Educated under Chadderton in Emanuel College thirteen years; I have been in Grayes-Inn thirteen years a Bencher, and a diligent Hearer of Doctor Sibbs, who, if he were Living, would Testify that I had my chiefest encouragements from him; and though I met with many oppositions from many in that house, illaffected in Religion, yet I was always supported by him. Five years I have been of the King's Counsel, but no Actor, Avisor, or Inventor of any Project: Two places I have been preferred unto, Chief Justice, and Lord Keeper; not by any Suit or Merit of my own, but by his Majesty's free gift: In the discharge of those places my hands have never touched, my eyes have never been blinded with any Reward. I never biased for friendship, nor diverted for hatred; for all that know me, know I was not of a vindicative nature. I do not know for what particulars, or by what means you are drawn into an ill opinion of me, since I had the honour to sit in that place you sit in, Master Speaker; in which I served you with all fidelity and candour: Many witnesses there are of the good Offices I did you, and resumed expressions of Thankfulness from this House for it; for the last day I had share in it, no man expressed more symbols of sorrow than I did. After three days Adjournment, the King desired me, it might be Adjourned for a few days more; whether was it then in his Majesty, much less in me, to Dissolve the House? But the King sent for me to Whitehall, and gave me a Message to the House, and commanded me, when I had delivered the Message, forthwith to come to him, and if a question was offered to be put, he charged me upon my Allegiance, I should put none; I do not speak this as a thing I do now merit by, but it is known to divers men, and to some Gentlemen of this House. All that I say, is but to beseech you to consider what you would have done in this straight, betwixt the King my Master, and this Honourable House. The Shipping business lieth heavy upon me; I am far from justifying that my opinion; if it be contrary to the Judgement of this House, I submit; I never knew of it at the first, or ever advised any other. I was made Chief Justice four days before the Writ went out for the Port, I was sworn sixteen days after, and the Writs Issued forth without my privity. The King Commanded the then Chief Justice, the now Chief Baron, and myself to look on the Precedents, and to certify him our Opinions, what we thought of it, That if the whole Kingdom were in danger, it was reasonable and fit to lay the Charge for the Defence of it, upon the whole Kingdom, and not upon the Port only. And Commanded the then Chief Justice, myself, and the now Chief Baron, to return him our Opinions. Our Opinions were, and we thought it agreeable to Law and Reason, That if the whole were in danger, the whole should contribute: This was about june. In Michaelmas following, the King [but by no Advice of mine] Commanded me to go to all the Judges, for their Opinions upon the Case, and to Charge them upon their Allegiance to deliver their Opinions; but this, not as a binding opinion to themselves, but that upon better consideration or reason they might alter, but only for his Majesty's satisfaction, and that he must keep it to his own private use [as I conceive the Judges are bound by their Oaths to do] I protest, I never used any promise or threats to any, but did only leave it to the Law, and so did his Majesty desire, That no speech that way, might move us to deliver any thing contrary to our Consciences. There was no Judge that Subscribed, needed solicitations to it, there were that Refused Hutton and Crook; Crook made no doubt of this thing, but of the introduction, I am of opinion, that when the whole Kingdom is in danger, whereof the King is judge, the danger is to born by the whole Kingdom. When the King would have sent to Hutton for his Opinion, the then Lord Keeper desired to let him alone, and to leave him to himself: That was all the ill office he did in that business. February 26. upon command from his Majesty by the then Secretary of State, the Judges did assemble in Sergeants-Inn, where then that opinion was delivered, and afterwards was enrolled in the Star-chamber and other Courts, at which time I used the best arguments as I could; where at that time Crook and Hutton differed in Opinion, not of the thing, but whether the King was sole Judge. Fifteen months from the first they all Subscribed, and it was Registered in the Star-chamber and other Courts. The reason why Crook and Hutton Subscribed was, because they were overruled by the greater number. This was all I did, till I came to my Argument in the Exchequer, where I argued the Case; I need not tell you what my Arguments were, they are public about the Town. I delivered myself then as free as any, that the King ought to Govern by the positive Laws of the kingdom, and not alter, but by consent of the Parliament, and that if he made use of it, as a Revenue or otherwise, that this judgement could not hold him; but never declared that money should be raised. I heard you had some hard opinion of me about this secret business; it was far from my business and occasions, but in Mr. 〈…〉 absence, I went to the Justice-seat, when I came there I did both King and Commonwealth good service, which I did with extreme danger to myself and fortunes, left it a thing as advantageous to the Commonwealth, as any thing else. I never went about to overthrow the Charter of the Forest, but held it a sacred thing, and aught to be maintained both for the King and People. Two Judges then were, that held the King by the Common-law might make a Forest where he would; when I came to be Judge, I declared my Opinion to the contrary, that the King was restrained, and had no power to make a Forest, but in his own Demesn lands. I know that there is something laid upon me, touching the Declaration that came out the last Parliament, it is the King's affair, and I am bound, without his Licence, not to disclose it; but I hope I shall obtain leave of his Majesty, and then I shall make it appear, that in this thing I have not deserved your disfavours, and will give good satisfaction in any thing. I know that you are wise, and that you will not strain things to the uttermost sense to hurt me. God did not call David a man after his own heart, because he had no failings, but because his heart was right with God. I conclude all this, That if I must not live to serve you, I desire I may die in your good opinion and favour. A Speech so frank and clear, that it might have removed all suspicion; so pathetic, that it might have melted cruelty into compassion, so humbly and submissively managed, that they could not but pity him, who were resolved to destroy him; weeping at the pronouncing of it, and when it was over (Hyena and Crocodile-like, shedding tears and blood in an instant) that day Voting the Author a Traitor, and (without any regard to the honour of his place and trust, the reverence of his years, the strictness of his profession and life, the many services he did that party of whom he was reckoned one, and the many favours he received from them; the extent of his charity, and the exemplariness of his devotion) employ their common Messengers to take him, though he either upon his friend's intimation, or his own observation of the danger he was in, among those who are prone to insult most, when they have objects and opportunities most capable of their rudeness and petulancy, escaped in a disguise (wearing a Vizard lawfully to save himself, as others did then to destroy him and the kingdom) that night or next morning betimes in a Scholar [the Sea being less tempestuous than the Law] to Holland, where he safely heard himself charged with High-treason in four particulars. 1. For not Reading, as the Faction would have him, the Libel Sir john Clue drew up against the Lord Treasurer Weston, in the Parliament 4. Caroli. 2. For threatening the Judges in the matter of Ship-money. 3. For his judgement in the Forest business, when he was Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas. 4. For drawing the Declaration after the Dissolution of the last Parliament. And stayed so long, until he saw. 1. The whole Plot he endeavoured to obviate in the buds of it, ripened to as horrid a Rebellion, as ever the Sun saw. 2. The Charges against Buckingham, Weston, Strafford, himself, etc. ending in a Charge against the King himself, whose Head [he would always affirm] was aimed at through their sides. 3. The great grievance of an 120000l. in the legal way of Ship-money, redressed and eased by being commuted for a burden of 60. millions, paid in the Usurped ways of Assessments, Contribution, Loans, Venturing, Public Faith, Weekly Meals, the Pay of the three Armies, Sequestrations, Decimations, those Bells and Dragons of the Wealth, and plenty of England, 4. The great fear, that the King would make a great part of the kingdom Forests, turned into greater, that the Conspirators would have the whole kingdom into a Wilderness. 5. And the Declaration he drew about the evil Complexion of the last Parliament, made good with advantage by the unheard of and horrid outrages of this. In a word, he lived to see the Seditious act far worse things against the King and kingdom, than his very fear and foresight suspected of them, though he gave shrewd hints and guesses. And to see God do more for the King and kingdom, than his hope could expect; for he saw the horrid Murder of Charles I. and the happy Restauration of Charles II. enduring eight years Banishment, several months' Confinement and Compositions, amounting to 7000l. THE Life and Death OF Sr FRANCIS WINDEBANK. WHEN neither sincerity in Religion, which he observed severely in private, and practised exemplarily in public, nor good affections to the Liberties of the Subject; in whose behalf he would ever and anon take occasion to Address himself to his Majesty to this purpose. Your poor Subjects in all humbleness assure your Majesty, In his Speeches 4. Car. 1. that their greatest confidence is, and ever must be in your grace and goodness, without which they well know, nothing that they can frame or desire will be of safety or value to them: Therefore are all humble Suitors to your Majesty, that your Royal heart will graciously accept and believe the truth of theirs, which they humbly pretend as full of truth, and confidence in your Royal Word and Promise, as ever People reposed in any of their best Kings. Far from their intentions it is any way to encroach upon your Sovereignty or Prerogative; nor have they the least thought of stretching or enlarging the former Laws in any sort, by any new interpretations or additions; The bounds of their desires extend no further than to some necessary explanation of that, which is truly comprehended within the just sense and meaning of those Laws, with some moderate provision for execution and performance, as in times passed upon like occasion hath been used. They humbly assure Your Majesty they will neither lose time, nor seek any thing of your Majesty, but that they hope may be fit for dutyful and Loyal Subjects to ask, and for a Gracious and Just King to grant. When neither the Services he performed in public, not the Intercessions he made in private in behalf of the People of England, could save so well-affected, religious, able, active, public-spirited, Created 〈◊〉 April 7. 1640 charitable and munificent a Person as Sir john Finch, Baron Finch of Foreditch. It's no wonder Sir Francis Windebank was loath to hazard his life in a scuffle with an undisciplined Rabble, which he freely offered to be examined by any free and impartial Courts of Justice, where the multitude should receive Laws, and not give them, and reason should set bounds to passion, truth to pretences, Laws duly executed to disorders, and charity to fears and jealousies, when the sacredness of some great Personages, and the honour of others, when the best Protestants, and the best Subjects were equally obnoxious to the undistinguished Tumults, which cried out against Popery and Ill-counsel, but struck at all men in power and favour. Sir Francis rather ashamed than afraid, to see the lives and honours of the most eminent persons in the Nation exposed to those rude Assemblies, where not reason was used as to men, to persuade; but force and terror, as to beasts to drive and compel, to whatsoever tumultuary Patrons shall project, left the kingdom as unsafe, where Factions were more powerful than Laws, and persons chose rather to hear than to see the miseries and reproaches of their Country, waiting for an Ebb to follow that dreadful and swelling Tide upon this Maxim, That the first indignation of a mutinous multitude is most fierce, and a small delay breaks their consent, and innocence would have a more candid censure, if at all, at distance. Leave he did his place and preferment, like those that scatter their Treasure and Jewels in the way, that they might delude the violence of their greedy pursuers, troubled for nothing more than that the King was the while left naked of the faithful ministry of his dearest Servants, and exposed to the infusions and informations of those, who were either complices or mercenaries to the Faction, to whom they discovered his most Private Counsels. Those aspersions laid upon him, by those that spoke rather what they wished, than what they believed or knew he would say, should like clouds vanish, while his reputation, like the Sun a little muffled at present, recovered by degrees its former and usual lustre. Time [his common saying] sets all well again. And time at last did make it evident to the world, that though he and others might be subject to some miscarriages, yet such as were far more repairable by second and better thoughts, than those enorminous extravagancies, wherewith some men have now even wildred, and almost quite lost both Church and State. The event of things at last demonstrating, that had the King followed the worst counsels that could have been offered him, Church and State could not have been brought into that condition they were presently, in upon the pretended Reformation. Among the many ill consequences, whereof this was not the least remarkable, viz. that those very slanderers reputation and credit [I mean, that little they had] with the people, were quite blasted by the breath of that same furnace of popular obloquy and detraction, which they have studied to heat and inflame to the highest degree of infamy, and wherein they thought to cast and consume other men's names and honour. In the mean time, his paticence better served him to bear, and charity to forgive, than his leisure to answer the many false aspersions cast upon him, and give the malice of some men the pleasure to see him take notice of, or remember what they so rudely said, or barbarously objected against him. Being conscious of his own good affections and inclinations for the public, he could not suspect the affections of the public towards him, never [in Foreign Parts, where the whole Nation lay under the imputation of the miscarriages of the worst part of it] gratifying the sprightfulness of a few, with any sinister thoughts of the civility of all, whereof many might be misled by others that were inclined of themselves: His pity towards the errors of all, being above his anger at the malice of any. His greatest fault was; Ilis crimes. that he was promoted to that trust and honour he had by Archbishop Laud, as the Archbishop's great crime was, that he was advanced by the King. It was [saith the Historian] as fatal to be Sejanus friend at last, as it would have been to his foe at first. It was thought offence enough to make up a branch of that excellent person's Charge, as it should seem. p. 122. of the necessary Introduction to his Trial. That it appeared out of his diary, His good qualities ●or the Secretary's place. that june 14. 1632. Master Windebank was made one of the Principal Secretaries of State, by his procurement of these heinous words, being then Printed in capital letters, june 15. Master Francis Windebank my old friend, was sworn Secretary of State, which place I obtained of my Gracious Master King Charles for him. And it would have been Plea enough against that Charge, to have taken the reasons of this favour (a great piece of equity) as appears out of the Bishops own mouth. 1. His Integrity and Faithfulness so singular, that he would lay aside all obligations to please any one, to satisfy the great obligation that was upon him of doing justice.. He himself having left behind him this Instance of his impartiality. In this business [meaning the business between the new and old Corporation of Sope-boilers, ☞ Debated at the Council-board at Theobalds', July 12. 1635.] and some other of great concernment, during the Commission for the Treasury, my old friend Sir F. W. forsook me, and joined with the Lord Cottington, which put me to the exercise of a great deal of patience. The Spaniard (while all other Nations are Mercenary, and for money will serve on any side) will never fight against his own King; nor would this Gentleman for any interest, engage against his two great Sovereigns, as he called them, Conscience and Honesty. 2. His Lenity and Moderation, which was a happy mixture of discretion and good nature, like the Silken-string, running through the Pearl-chain of all his transactions, Si virtutum finis ille sit maximus, qui plurimorum spectat profectum, moderatio omnium pulcherrima est, Ambrose the Penitent. contra Novat. l. 1. c. 1. It was the honour of the Roman State, as yet being Pagan: In hoc gloriari licet, nulli gentium mitiores placuisse paenas. Having this peculiar commendation, That he punished not only offenders that were discovered, but those that made it their business to lay snares to discover them. It being as dangerous (as he observed) to take notice of all faults, as of none at all, that involving the State in endless troubles and jealousies, while this only made it obnoxious to some bold attempts, which all know it could punish, though some presume, because it doth connive. Binding some of his own Pursuivants (Grey and Harwood by name) to their Good Behaviour, as well as their Prisoners, being not able to endure those Hellhounds, Horseleeches that only sucked the corrupted blood of the Law. He was very much pleased in applying a French Story to this purpose; Of one so much delighted in troubling men, that when Lewis the French King offered to ease him of a number of Suits, he earnestly besought his Highness to leave him some 20, or 30 behind, whereby he might merrily pass away the time. 3. His Public Spirit, his friend the Archbishop being not readier to propose public designs to him, than he to close with them; by the same Token, that a * D. H. Great Man, upon the Rumour spread of his being a Papist [for all sober men in their Wits were then Branded with the Nicknames of Papists, by those Protestants, who King james said were frighted out of their wits] replied, That he knew nothing he had of a Papist, but a very great Charity. 4. His Plain Dealing, a great Jewel in the Court of Princes, [Quid omnia possidentibus deest? [they are the words of the great Courtier Seneca] Ille qui verum dicat.] And a resolution rather to displease, than betray his Sovereign. Offering free, but humble Counsels, gilding and sweetening his whosesome Pills. 5. His Reservedness not so close, but that he imparted as much as might invite others to open themselves, though so wary, as not to discover so much as might give others a thank over him: his peculiar faculty was a vast gift of discerning others, himself all the while unseen, walking as in Gyges his Ring. But his great Charge urged against him in the House, November 12. 1640. and December 1. was seventy four Letters of Grace to Recusants in four years, sixty four Priests discharged by his Warrants, and twenty nine by his Verbal Order, and twenty three by his Authority, under Master Reads hands. Father joseph the Capuchin of Paris, thanks to him for his Favours and Civilities; to which, though he dyrst not himself, yet ot●ers durst for him, offer these satisfactory Answers. 1. That what he did, he did by his Majesty's direction, the King's Majesty declaring, that the favours vouchsafed the Roman Catholics, had been performed by special Command and Order given to him in that behalf, without any advice or original motion of him, who hath only moved herein, as he hath been from time to time Commanded. [They are the King's own words.] 2. That that favour which he showed Catholics here, was to procure the Protestants favour abroad. Allegations so reasonable, that he desired but the favour to have his Charge set down in Writing, and liberty to answer thereunto, in a Letter sent from Calais, December 6. 1640. Although yet all his Letters carried that respect to his Majesty, that he declared, He would not allege his Majesty's authority any further than his Majesty would be pleased to give him leave, being willing rather to perish [they are his own words] than discover any thing to the prejudice of his Majesty's affairs. And besides, none were by him discharged without Bonds & Security for their behaving themselves according to Law. And this whole affair was no new thing, but the practice of the wise and religious King james, who understood the interest of the Protestant Religion, as well as any Prince in the world, and promoted the concerns of it, more ways than any man in England, in whose Reign Anno 1622. this Letter was sent to the Judges. After my hearty Commendations to you. HIs Majesty having resolved [out of deep reasons of State, and in expectation of the like correspondence from Foreign Princes, to the Profession of our Religion] to grant some Grace and Connivance to the Imprisoned Papists in this kingdom, hath Commanded me to Issue out some Writs under the Broad Seal to that purpose, etc. I am to give you to understand [from his Majesty] how his Majesty's Royal Pleasure is, That upon receipt of these Writs, you shall make no niceness nor difficulty, to extend that his Princely Favour to all such Papists, as are Prisoners upon the concerns of Religion only, and not matters of State. Westminster College. August 2. 1622. Your loving friend, JO. LINCOLN. The clearness of this honest, but unfortunate Gentleman's Proceedings, gave so much reputation to him abroad, even in his lowest condition [wherein great men, like Dial's, are not looked on, because the Sun is off of them] as that the Governor of Calais, Le Comte de Charra● offered him his Coach to Paris, with many other unusual Civilities, Mounsieur de Chavigny not only commanded Licence for his departure from Calais, but expressed great respect to his person, and gave order for his accommodation with any thing that that place could afford; Cardinal Richlieu invited him to his Ballet, with order to Mounsieur Chavigni, to bring him to his Eminence, and assurance of welcome, and an exceeding good Reception, as he had March 12. 1640. The Cardinal, after extraordinary Civilities, bringing him from his own Chamber into the next, giving him the upper hand, and holding him by the hands. Yea, the King and Queen of France admitted him to a very great motion of familiarity with them respectively, and upon Mounsieur Senetens ordered a Privilege to be drawn up, in as large and as ample manner as he could contrive it, to free him and the other English that were Exiles there, on the account of their Loyalty, from that Confiscation of Estates after their deaths, to which other Aliens are obnoxious by the Laws of that Kingdom. Upon all which favours, he makes this reflection in a letter to his Son. So as though in mine own Country it be accounted a Crime to me, to be her Majesty's Servant, yet here I shall have Reputation, and receive much Honour by it. As not only he did in France, but likewise his Son in Rome, where Cardinal Barharino treats him at a very high rate of kindness and civility. ● remember it was wondered at much by some, that a person rendered so odious, should escape so well, as to enjoy his life and estate, and more by others, that so worthy a man, that with his Father, [these are his own words] had served the Crown near fourscore years, and had the honour to be employed by the late Queen Elizabeth, King james, and his now Majesty, in businesses of great trust, should be outed his Secretary's Place, and Banished his Country for obeying his Master's Command, and that sometimes, much against his own mind and opinion, insomuch that Master Read protests he did many of them with a very ill will: His rule was to be constant, but not obstinate in his opinions he was of; and when he had proper and secret motions of his own, yet to yield [as the Orbs do for the order of the Universe] to the way of the first Mover. Especially since he desired that his Secretary Master Read should come over, and give an account of the grounds and reasons of all those transactions wherein he had been ministerial, so confident was he of his integrity. And after such a fair examination of his Services, he requested only the favour of a charitable construction, if his Services, wherein he said he had no ill intention, nor had offended willingly or maliciously; and permission to return in safety to England, to pass that little time which remained of his life privately in peace, and [mark these expressions] in the Church of England, ☜ His Petition to the Parliament. whereof [these are the very syllables of his Petition] he will in Life and Death continue a true Member, and in which he desireth to bestow the rest of his time in devotion for the prosperity thereof. So modest were his expectations. It was pity he was forced to live and die among strangers, more kind to him than his own Nation, who while they persuaded the world he was a Papist, had without God's special grace made him so, by the unkindness of some Protestants, who dressed him and others with Nicknames of Popery, as the Heathens did the Martyrs in Beasts Skins, that they might first expose, and afterwards beat them. Only he was happy in this, that the Faction did not persecute him so rigidly, as all the Court loved him entirely, those very Lords that favoured the Conspiracy, being very careful of him, who lived to see them repent more of their Compliance, than he had occasion to do of his Loyalty, though his little state [the argument of his honesty and generosity] was broken, his Relations distressed, his Son Thomas of the Privy-chamber to the King displaced; and what was sadder than all this, one of his young Sons, commonly called Colonel Windebank, Shot to Death at Oxford, for Delivering up Blechingdon-house to Cromwell's Horse (upon first Summons, there being no Foot near, whatever Cromwell threatened) so much to the disadvantage of Oxford. A wonderful passage, had it happened in any other age, but that wherein men admired nothing, not so much from any knowledge they attained in the causes of things, as from the multitude of strange effect. Some Venison there is not fit for food when first killed, till it's a while buried underground: Some men's Memories do not relish so well till a while after their Interment. Of this unfortunate Statesmen, I may say what a wise man said of another. Nunc quia Paula domi non sunt bene gesta, foresque Paucula successus non habuere suos Creditur esse dolus fuerat quae culpa, Putatur ●t scelus infaelix qui modo lapsus erat Rumpatur livor [dicam quod sentio] certe Infaelix potius quam sceleratus erat. THE Life and Death OF Dr THOMAS JACKSON, Precedent of Corpus Christi College in Oxford. IT is true, this Excellent Person died just when the Rebellion began to offer violence to others, yet dying then, he could not escape from the violence of it himself. Peter Martyrs wife, P. Fagius, and Martin Buyers are reckoned a sort of Queen Mary's Martyrs (though they died before) because their bodies were then digged from their Graves, and buried in a Dunghill. And this great man claims justly a place in the Catalogue of Loyal Martyrs, because though dying Anno 1640. yet was afterwards fetched out of the Bed of Honour, in which the Church had laid him, and his Grave made among Heretics and Pestilent Fellows. It was one Branch of Archbishop Laud's Charge, that he preferred this Professed Arminian to be Precedent of a College in the University, C. C. Oxon. Peterburgh. Dean of a Cathedral in the Church. And he could not have escaped that accepted these preferments. He was reckoned a good man of old, that new hated. And you shall see from a sober person, to whom we owe this relation, what a good man this is whom the Conspiracy reviled. Reviled indeed, but basely, for when the Archbishop answered, That he thought Doctor Jackson Learned, Honest and Orthodox: It was replied, That though Learned and Honest, he was an Arminian. Bonus vir, Cajus sejus in hoc tantum malus quod Christianus. A man you will see, of whom that Age was not worthy. He was descended from a very worthy Family, in the Bishopric of Durham, his life seemed to be Consecrated to Virtue and Liberal Arts, from his very Childhood: He had a natural propensity ●o Learning, from which no other recreation or employment could divert him, he was first designed (by his Parents) to be a Merchant in Newcastle, where many of his near Friends and Alliance, lived in great wealth and prosperity; but neither could that temptation lay hold upon him. Therefore (at the instance of a Noble Lord, the Load Ewer) he was sent to the University of Oxford, for which highly esteemed favours he returns his solemn thanks in the very first words, and entrance of one of his books: He was first planted in Queen's College, under the Care and Tuition of the propound Doctor Grakanthorn● and from thence removed to Corpus Christi College, who although he had no notice of the Vacancy of the Place, till the day before the Election, yet he answered with so much readiness and applause, that he gained the Admiration, as well as the Suffrages of the Electors, and was Chosen with full consent, although they had received Letters of Favour from great Men to another Scholar. A sure and honourable argument of the incorruptedness of that place, when the peremptory Mandamus of the pious Founder, nec prece, nec pretio, presented with the merits of a young man and stranger, shall prevail more than all other solicitations and partialities whatsoever: This resolution hath been often assured unto me from one of the Electors (yet living) Master john Hore of West-hendred, a man of reverend years and goodness. There was now a welcome necessity laid upon him, to preserve the high opinion which was conceived of him, which he did in a studious and exemplary life, not subject to the usual intemperance of that age. Certainly the Devil could not find him idle, nor at leisure to have the suggestions of Vice whispered into his Ear. And although many in their youthful times have their deviations and exorbitances, which afterwards prove reform, and excellent men; yet it pleased God to keep him in a constant path of virtue and piety. He had not been long admitted into this place, but that he was made more precious, and better estimated by all that knew him, by the very danger that they were in suddenly to part with him; For walking out with others of the younger company to wash himself, he was in eminent peril of being drowned. The depth closed him round about, the weeds were wrapped about his Head. He went down to the bottom of the mountains, the Earth with her Bars was about him for ever, yet God brought his soul from corruption, Jonah 2. 5, ●. That (like Moses from the Flags) for the future good of the Church● and government of the College where he lived, there might be preserved the meekest man alive, or (like jonas) There might be a Prophet revived (as afterwards he proved) to forewarn the people of ensuing destruction, if peradventure they might repent, and God might revoke the judgements pronounced against them, and spare this great and sinful Nation. It was a long (and almost incredible) space of time wherein he lay under water, and before a Boat could be procured, which was sent for, rather to take out his Body (before it floated) for a decent Funeral, than out of hopes of recovery of Life. The Boat-man discerning where he was by the Bubbling of the Water (the last signs of a man expiring) thrust down his hook at that very moment, which by happy providence (at the first essay) lighted under his arm, and brought him up into the Boat. All the parts of his body were swollen to a vast proportion; and though by holding his head downward they let forth much water, yet no hopes of life appeared. Therefore they brought him to the land, and lapped him up in the Gowns of his Fellow-Students, the best shroud that Love or Necessity could provide. After some warmth, and former means renewed, they perceived that life was yet within him, conveyed him to the College, and commended him to the skill of Doctor Channel, an eminent Physician of the same House, where, with much care, time, and difficulty, he recovered, to the equal joy and wonder of the whole Society. All men concluded him to be reserved for high and admirable purposes. His grateful Acknowledgements towards the Fisherman and his Servants that took him up, knew no limits, being a constant Revenue to them while he lived. For his thankfulness to Almighty God, no heart could conceive, nor tongue express it but his own, often commemorating the miracle of Divine Mercy in his deliverances, and resolving hereafter not to live to himself, but to God that raiseth the dead. Neither did he serve God with that which cost him nothing; I must rank his abundant Charity, and riches of his Liberalities amongst the Virtues of his first years, as if he would strive with his Friends, Patron, and Benefactors, Vtruum illi largiendo, an ipse dispergendo vinceret, whether they shall be more bountiful in giving, or he in dispersing; or, that he was resolved to pay the ransom of his life into God's Exchequer, which is the bodies of the poor. His heart was so free and enlarged in this kind, that very often his Almsdeed made him more rich that received, than it left him that gave it. His progress in the study of Divinity was something early, because (as he well considered) the journey that he intended was very far, yet not without large and good provisions for the way. No man made better use of Humane Knowledge, in subserviency to the Eternal Truths of God, produced more testimonies of Heathens to convert themselves, and make them submit the rich Presents of their Wisemen, to the Cradle and Cross of Christ. He was furnished with all the learned Languages, Arts, and Sciences, as the praevious dispositions, or beautiful Gate which led him to the Temple; but especially Metaphysics, as the next in attendance, and most necessary handmaid to Divinity, which was the Mistress where all his thoughts were fixed, being wholly taken up with the love and admiration of Jesus Christ, and him crucified. The reading to younger Scholars, and some Employments imposed by the Founder, were rather recreations and assistances, than divertisements from that intended work. The Offices which (out of duty, not desire) were never the most profitable, but the most ingenuous, not such as might fill his purse, but increase his knowledge. It was no small accession of respect unto him (or rather a consequent of the good repute which he had already gained) that those two Noble Hostages (Mr. Edward, and Mr. Richard Spencer's, Sons to the Right Honourable Robert, Lord Spencer, Baron of Wormleighton) were commended to his charge, whom he restored fully instructed with all good Literature, the glory of learned and religious Nobility, and the very Ornaments of the Country where they lived; for which faithful discharge of his great trust, he (and his Memory) were ever in singular veneration with that whole Family, and their Alliances. His Discourse was very facetious (without offence) when time and place, and equality of persons permitted it. He was entregent (as our neighbours speak it) a man (upon occasions offered) of Universal Conversation. When he was chosen into Office, the Governor of the College was wont to give this testimony of him, That he was a man most sincere in Elections: and that in a dubious victory of younger wits, it was the safest experiment for an happy choice, to follow the Omen of his judgement. He read a Lecture of Divinity in the College every Sunday morning, and another day of the week at Pembroke College (than newly erected) by the instance of the Master, and Fellows there. He was chosen Vicepresident for many years together, who by his place was to moderate the Disputations in Divinity. In all these he demeaned himself with great depth of Learning, far from that knowledge which puffeth up, but accompanied with all gentleness, courtesy, humility, and moderation. From the College, he was preferred to a Living in the Bishopric of Durham (in their Donation) and from thence (with consent from the same College obtained, where no request could be denied him) removed to the Vicarage of Newcastle, a very populous Town, furnished with multitudes of men, and no small variety of opinions. It was a difficult task (and only worthy of so pious an Undertaker) so to become all things to all men, that by all means he might gain some. This was the place where he was appointed by his Friends to be a Merchant, but he chose rather to be a Factor for Heaven. One precious soul refined, polished, and fitted for his Master's use, presented by him, was of more value to him, than all other purchases whatsoever. He adorned the Doctrine of the Gospel (which he preached and professed) with a suitable Life and Conversation, manifesting the signs of a true Apostle; in all things showing himself a pattern of good works; in Doctrine, incorruptness, gravity, sincerity, sound speech that cannot be condemned, that they which were of the contrary part might be ashamed, having no evil thing to say of him, Titus 2. 7, 8. I lately received Letters (saith the worthy Compiler of his Life) from a Gentleman, who lived there at the same time with him, who gave this Testimony of him, He was a man very studious, humble, courteous, and charitable. At Newcastle (when he went out) what money he had, he usually gave to the Poor, who at length flocked so unto him, that his Servant took care that he had not too much in his pocket. At a certain time Doctor Henderson, the Town's Physician, his neighbour and intimate acquaintance (having made a Purchase) sitting sad by him, and fetching a sigh, he demanded what was the reason; he said, that he had a payment to make, and wanted Money: Doctor jackson bade him be of a good cheer, for he would furnish him; and calling for his Servant, told him the Physician's need, and asked what money he had. The man stepping back silent, the Doctor bids him speak; at length the man said, forty shillings; he bade him fetch it, for Master Henderson should have it all: at which Master Henderson turned his sadness into laughter. Doctor jackson demanded his reason; he said he had need of 400 or 500 pound. Doctor jackson answered, that he thought forty shillings to be a great sum, and that he should have it, and more also if he had had it. Thus in a place of busy Trade and Commerce, his mind was intent upon better things, willing to spend and to be spent for them, not seeking theirs, but them. After some years of his continuance in this Town, he was invited back again to the University by the death of the Precedent of the same College, being chosen in his absence at so great a distance, so unexpectedly without any suit or petition upon his part, for he knew nothing of the vacancy of the Place, but by the same Letters that informed him that it was conferred upon himself: A preferment of so good account, that it hath been much desired, and eagerly sought after by many eminent men, but never before went so far to be accepted of. Upon his return to Oxford, and admission to his Government, they found no alteration by his long absence, and more converse with the world, but that he appeared yet more humble in his elder times; and this not out of coldness and admission of spirit, but from a prudent choice and experience of a better way: not without a great example of Paul the aged, who when he had Authority to command that which is convenient (yet for love's sake) choose rather to beseech, Epistle to Philemon. He ruled in a most obliging manner, the Fellows, Scholars, Servants, Tenants, Nemo ab eo tristis discessit, no man departed from him with a sad heart, excepting in this particular, that by some misdemeanour, or willing error, they had created trouble, or given any offence unto him. He used the Friends, as well as the Memory of his Predecessors fairly. He was Presidents pacificus, a lover and maker of peace. He silenced and composed all differences, displeasures, and animosities, by a prudent impartiality, and the example of his own sweet disposition. All men taking notice that nothing was more hateful than hatred itself, nothing more offensive to his body and mind, it was a shame and cruelty (as well as presumption) to afflict his peaceable spirit. It is a new and peculiar Art of Discipline, but successfully practised by him, that those under his Authority were kept within bounds and order, not so much out of fear of the penalty, as out of love to the Governor. He took notice of that which was good in the worst men, and made that an occasion to commend them for the good sake; and living himself, tanquam nemini ignosceret, as if he were so severe, that he could forgive no man, yet he reserved large pardons for the imperfections of others. His nature was wholly composed of the properties of Charity itself. Charity suffereth long, and is kind, beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things. I can truly avouch this Testimony concerning him, That living in the same College with him more than twenty years (partly when he was Fellow, and partly when he returned Precedent) I never heard (to my best remembrance) one word of anger, or dislike against him. I have often resembled him in my thoughts (with favour of that Honourable Person) to him (whose name sounds very near him) who being placed in the upper part of the World, carried on his Dignity with that justice, modesty, integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities, that in a place of trust, he contented those whom he could not satisfy; and in a place of envy, procured the love of them who emulated his Greatness, and by his example, showed the pre-eminence and security of true Christian Wisdom, before all sleights of humane policy, that in a busy time no man was found to accuse him; so this good man (in that inferior Orb which God had placed him) demeaned himself with that Christian clemency, candour, wisdom, and modesty, that malice itself was more wary than to cast any aspersions upon him. I shall willingly associate him to those other Worthies his Predecessors in the same College (all living at the same time) to the invaluable Bishop jewel, Theologorum quas Orbis Christianus per aliquot annorum Centenario produxit maximo, as grave Bishop Goodwin hath described him, The greatest Divine that for some former Centuries of years the Christian World hath produced. To the famous Master Hooker, who for his solid Writings was surnamed The judicious, and entitled by the same, Theologorum Oxonium, the Oxford of Divines, as one calls Athens, The Greece of Greece itself. To the learned Dr. Reynolds, who managed the Government of the same College, with the like care, honour, and integrity, although not with the same austerities. He willingly admitted (and was much delighted in) acquaintance and familiarity of hopeful young Divines, not despising their Youth, but accounting them as Sons and Brethren, encouraging and advising them what Books to read, and with what holy preparations, lending them such Books as they have need of, and hoping withal, that (considering the brevity of his own life) some of them might live to finish that Work upon the Creed, which he had happily begun unto them. This was one of the special Advices and Directions which he commanded to young men, Hear the dictates of your own Conscience; Quod dubitas ne feceris, making this the Comment upon that of Syracides, In all thy matters trust (or believe) thine own soul, and bear it not down by impetuous and contradictuous lusts, etc. He was as diffusive of his knowledge, counsel, and advice, as of any other his works of mercy. In all the Histories of Learned, Pious and Devout Men, you shall scarcely meet with one that disdained the world more generously; not out of ignorance of it, as one brought up in cells and darkness, for he was known and endeared to men of the most resplendent fortunes, nor out of melancholy disposition; for he was cheerful and content in all estates, but out of a due and deliberate scorn, knowing the true value, that is, the vanity of it. As preferments were heaped upon him without his suit or knowledge, so there was nothing in his power to give, which he was not ready and willing to part withal, to the deserving and indigent man. His Vicarage of Saint Nicholas Church in Newcastle, he gave to Master Alveye of Trinity College, upon no other relation, but out of the good opinion which he conceived of his merits. The Vicarage of Wetney near Oxford, after he had been at much pains, travail and expense, to clear the Title of the Rectory to all succeeding Ministers, when he had made a portion fitting either to give or keep, he freely bestowed it upon the worthy Master Thomas White, than Proctor of the University, late Chaplain to the College, and now incumbent upon the Rectory. A College Lea●●, of a place called Lie in Gloucestershire, presented to him as a Gratuity by the Fellows, he made over to a third (late Fellow there) merely upon a plea of poverty, and whereas they that first offered it unto him, were unwilling that he should relinquish it, and held out for a long time in a dutiful opposition, he used all his power, friendship and importunity with them, till at length he prevailed to surrender it. Many of his necessary friends and attendants have professed, that they have made several journeys, and employed all powerful mediation with the Bishop, that he might not be suffered to resign his Prebendship of Winchester to a fourth; and upon acknowledge (that by their continuance he was disappointed of his resolution herein) he was much offended that the Manus mortua, or Law of Mortmain should be imposed upon him, whereby in former days they restrained the liberality of devout men towards the Colleges, and the Clergy. But this was interpreted as a discourtesy and dis-service unto him, who knew it was a more blessed thing to give than to receive. But that which remained unto him, was dispersed unto the poor, to whom he was faithful dispenser's in all places of his abode, distributing unto them with a Free Heart, a Bountiful Hand, a Comfortable Speech, and a Cheerful Eye. How dis-respectful was he of Mammon, the God of this World, the Golden Image which Kings and Potentates have set up? before whom the Trumpets play for War and Slaughter, and Nations and Languages fall down and worship, besides all other kind of Music for jollity and delight, to drown (if it were possible) the noise of blood, which is most audiable, and cries loudest in the ears of the Almighty. How easily could he cast that away, for which others throw away their lives and salvation, running headlong into the place of eternal skreekings, weeping and gnashing of teeth. If it were not for this spirit of covetousness, all the world would be at quiet. Certainly (although the nature of man be an apt soil for sin to flourish in, yet) if the love of money be the root of all evil, it could not grow up in him, because it had no root: And if it be so hard to a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God, and the Narrow Gate which leads unto life; then he that stooped so low, by humbleness of mind, and emptied himself so nearly by mercifulness unto the poor, must needs find an easier passage; doubtless, they that say and do these things, show plainly that they seek another Country, that is, an Heavenly; for if they had been mindful of this, they might have taken opportunity to have used it more advantageously. His devotions towards God were assiduous and exemplary, both in public and private. He was a diligent frequenter of the public service in the Chapel, very early in the morning and at evening, except some urgent occasions of infirmity did excuse him. His private conferences with God by prayer and meditations, were never omitted upon any occasion whatsoever. When he went the yearly Progress to view the College Lands, and came into the Tenant's houses, it was his constant custom (before any other business, discourse, or care of himself, were he never so wet or weary) to call for a retire Room to pour out his soul unto God, who led him safely in his journey. And this he did not out of any specious pretence of holiness, to devour a Widow's House with more facility, Rack their Rents, or Change their Fines; for excepting the constant Revenue to the Founder (to whom he was a strict accountant) no man ever did more for them, or less for himself. For thirty years together he used this following Anthem, and Confession of the holy and undivided Trinity. Salva nos, libera nos, vivifica nos, Obeat a Trinit as: Save us, deliver us, quicken us, Oblessed Trinity. Let us praise God the Father, and the Son, with the Holy Spirit; let us praise and super-exalt his name for ever. Almighty and everlasting God, which hast given us, thy Servants, grace by the confession of a true faith, to acknowledge the glory of the Holy Trinity, and in the power of the Divine Majesty to worship the Unity: We beseech thee, that through the steadfastness of this faith, we may evermore be defended from all adversity, which livest and raignest, etc. This he did perform, not only as a sacred Injunction of the Founder (upon him and all the Society) but he received a great delight in the performance of it. No man ever wrote more highly of the Attributes of God than he, and yet he professes that he always took more comfort in admiring, than in disputing, and in praying to, and acknowledging the Majesty and Glory of the blessed trinity, than by too curiously prying into the Mystery. He composed a book of Private Devotions, which some judicious men (having perused the same) much extolled and admired, as being replenished with holy truths and divine meditations, which (if it be not already annexed to this book) I hope the Reader will shortly enjoy in a portable Volumn by itself. Thus have many Scholars and Polemical men (in their elder times) betaken themselves to Catechising and Devotion, as Pareus, Bishop Andrews, Bishop Usher; and Bellarmin himself seems to prefer this Book, De ascensione mentis ad Deum, Of the ascension of the soul to God, before any other parts of his works. Books (saith he) are not to be estimated, Ex multitudine folliorum, sed ex fructibus, By the multitudes of the leaves, but the fruit. My other books I read only upon necessity, but this I have willingly read over three or four times, and resolve to read it more often; whether it be (saith he) that the love towards it be greater than the merit, because (like another Benjamin) it was the Son of mine old age. He seemed to be very Prophetical of the ensuing times of Trouble, as may evidently appear by his Sermons before the King, and Appendix about the signs of the times, or divine fore-warnings therewith Printed some years before, touching the great tempest of wind, which fell upon the Eve of the fifth of November 1636. He was much astonished at it, and what apprehension he had of it appears by his words.— This mighty wind was more than a sign of the time; the very time itself was a sign, and portends thus much, that though we of this kingdom were in firm league with all Nations, yet it is still in God's power, we may fear, in his purpose to plague this kingdom, by this or like tempests, more grieucously than he hath done at any time by Famine, Sword or Pestilence, to bury many living souls, as well of superior as inferior rank, in the ruin of their stately Houses or meaner Cottages, etc. Which was observed by many, but signally by the Preface to Master herbert's Remains; I shall not prevent the Reader, or detain him so long from the original of that book, as to repeat Eulogies, which are there conferred upon him. I cannot forbear one passage in that Preface, wherein he made this profession; I speak it in the presence of God, I have not read so hearty, vigorous a Champion against Rome (amongst our Writers in this rank) so convincing and demonstrative as Dr. Jackson is. I bless God for the confirmation he hath given me in the Christian religion against the Atheist, jew and Socinian, and in the Protestant, against Rome. As he was always a reconciler of differences in the private government, so he seriously lamented the public breaches of the kingdom: for the divisions of Reuben he had great thoughts of heart. At the first entrance of the Scots into England, he had much compassion for his Countrymen, although that were but the beginning of their sorrows. He well knew that war was commonly attended with ruin and calamity, especially to Church and Churches, and therefore that prayer was necessary and becoming of them, Da pacem Domine in diebus nostris, &c, Give peace in our time, O Lord, because there is none other that fighteth for us, but only thou, O God. One drop of Christian blood (though never so cheaply spilt by others, like water upon the ground) was a deep corrosive to his tender heart. Like Rachel weeping for her children, he could not be comforted: his body grew weak, the cheerful hue of his countenance was empaled and discoloured, and he walked like a dying mourner in the streets. But God took him from the evil to come, it was a sufficient degree of punishment to him to see it; it had been more than a thousand deaths unto him to have beheld it with his eyes. When his death was now approaching, being in the Chamber with many others, I overheard him with a soft voice repeating to himself these and the like ejaculations. I wait for the Lord, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope; my soul wai●eth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning. As for me, I will behold thy face in right cousness, I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy likeness. And he ended with this Cygnean caution, Psal. 116. 5, 6, 7. Cracious is the Lord and righteous, yea, our God is merciful. The Lord preserveth the simple, I was brought low and he helped me. Return unto thy rest, O my soul, for the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee. And having thus spoken, soon after he surrendered up his spirit to him that gave it. If you shall inquire what this charitable man left in Legacy at his Death, I must needs answer: That giving all in his life time, as he owed nothing but love, so he left nothing when he died. The poor was his heir, and he was the administrator of his own goods; or (to use his own expression in one of his last Dedications) he had little else to leave his Executors, but his Pape● only, which the Bishop of Armagh (being at his Funeral) much desired might be carefully preserved. This was that which he left to posterity in pios usus, for the furtherance of piety and godliness, in perpetuam Eleemosynam, for a perpetual deed of Charity, which I hope the Reader will advance to the utmost improvement. He that reads this, will find his learning Christening him The Divine, and his life witnessing him a man of God, a ●●●●●●er of righteousness, and I might add, a Prophet of things to 〈◊〉 they that read those qualifications which he in his second 〈◊〉 ●rd book requires, in them which hope to understand the Scri● 〈◊〉 right, and see how great an insight he had into them, and now many hid mysteries he lately unfolded to this age, will say his life was good, Superlatively good. The Reader may easily perceive, that he had no designs in his opinions, no hopes but that of wealth, nor affection of popularity, should ever draw him from writing this subject, for which no man so fit as he, because (to use his own divine and high Apothegm) no man could write of justifying faith, but he that was equally affected to death and honour. THE Life and Death OF FRANCIS Lord COTTINGTON. SIR Francis Cottington being bred a youth under under Sir Stafford, lived so long in Spain, till he made the garb and gravity of that Nation become his, and become him too. He raised himself by his natural strength, without any artificial advantage; having his parts above his learning, his experience, and (some will say) his success above all; so that at last he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, Baron of Hanworth in Middlesex, Constable of the Tower, 1640: and (upon the resignation of Doctor juxon) Lord Treasurer of England, gaining also a very great estate. Very reserved he was in his temper, and very slow in his proceedings, sticking to some private principles in both, and aiming at certain rules in all things: A temper that endeared him as much to his Master, Prince Charles' his Person, as his integrity did to his Service; nor to his Service only, but to that of the whole Nation; in the merchandise whereof he was well versed, to the trade whereof he was very serviceable many ways, but eminently, in that he negotiated that the Spanish Treasure, which was used to be sent to Flanders by the way of Genoa, might be sent in English Bottoms, exceedingly enriched England for the time, and had it continued, it had made her the greatest Bank and Mart for Gold and Silver, of any Commonwealth in Europe. Indeed, the advantage of his Education, the different Nations and Factions that he had to deal with, the direst opposition of enemies, the treachery of friends, the contracts of Statesmen, the variety and force of experience from the chief Ministers of State, with their Intrigues of Government, made him so expert, that the Earl of Bristol and Sir Walter Aston could do nothing without him, and he only could finish the Treaty, which they had for many years spun out. Men take several ways for the ends they propose themselves, some, that of confidence; others, that of respect and caution, etc. when indeed the main business is, to suit ourselves with our own times, which this Lord did, and no man better, until looking into the depths of the late Faction, he declared at the Council-table, 1639. That they aimed at the ruin of Church and State. And viewing the state of the kingdom, he advised; That Leagues might be made abroad; and, that in this inevitable necessity, all ways to raise money should be used that were lawful. Wherefore he was one of those few that excluded the Indemnity by the Faction, and had the honour to die Banished for the best Cause and Master, in those Foreign Countries; where he suffered as nobly for the Crown of England in his latter days, as he had acted honourably for it in his former. When he never came off better than in satisfying the Spaniards about Toleration, reducing the whole of that affair to these two Maxims. 1. That Consciences were not to be forced, but to be won and reduced by the evidence of truth, with the aid of Reason, and in the use of all good means of Instruction and Persuasion. 2. That the causes of Conscience, wherein they exceed their bounds, and grow to matter of Faction, lose their nature: and that Sovereign Princes ought diligently to punish those foul practices, though over-laid with the fairer pretences of Conscience and Religion. One of his Maxims for Treaty, I think remarkable, viz. That kingdoms are more subject to fear than hope, and that it's safer working upon them by a power that may awe the one, than by advantages that may excite the other. Since it's another rule, That States have no affection but interest, and that all kindnesses and civilities in those cases, are but oversights and weakness. Another of his rules of Life I judge useful, viz. That since no man is absolute in all points, and since men are more naturally inclined out of envy to observe men's infirmities, than out of ingenuity to acknowledge their merit; he discovereth his abilities most, that least discovereth himself. To which I may add another, viz. That it is not only our known duty, but our visible advantage, to ascribe our most eminent performances to Providence, since it not only takes off the edge of envy, but improves the reason of admiration. None being less maliced, or more applauded than he, who is thought rather happy, than able; blessed, than active; and fortunate, than cunning. Though yet all the caution of his life could not avoid the envy of his advancement, from so mean a beginning to so great honours; notwithstanding that it is no disparagement to any to give place to fresh Nobility, who ascend the same steps with those before them. New being only a term, saith one, only respecting us, not the world; for what is, was before us, and will be when we are no more: And indeed this personage considering the vanity and inconstancy of common applause or affronts, improved the one, and checked the other, by a constant neglect of both. Three things enraged the Faction against him. 1. His attendance on his Majesty when Prince, as his Secretary in his Journey to Spain. 2. His activity in promoting the King's Revenue and Trade. And 3. His great insight into the bottom of their Confederacy. In the first, whereof he acted only as a discreet Minister, observing more Intrigues, and offering several Considerations, especially of address, formality and caution, that escaped greater persons: In the second, as a faithful Counsellor, by the same token, that he had the fairer quarter of some adversaries, because in the management of the Revenue, and the vacancy between the Lord Treasurer Weston's death, and the Lord Treasurer Iuxon's advancement to that trust, he had some misunderstanding with my Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. And the King in an Express to the Queen, jan. 23. 1642. speaking of competitions for Offices, hath these gracious syllables in behalf of this Lord: Digby and Dunsmore look for the Captainship of the Pensioners; Hertford once looked after it, but now I believe he expects either to be Treasurer, or of my Bedchamber; I incline rather to the later, if thou like it, for I absolutely hold Cottington the fittest man for the other. And in a third, as a wise Statesman, that was not to be abused with umbrages. When the Rebellion seized on other men's Estates, it looked for a greater Treasure with my Lord Cottington's A B C, and Sir F. W. taking all their Papers. Indeed this Lord sent such a Reply to some harangues of the House of Commons against him, as could not be Answered, but by suppressing both their Charge and his Answer: an essay of the Spartans valour, who being struck down with a mortal blow, used to stop their mouths with earth, that they might not be heard to quetch or groan, thereby to affright their fellows, or animate their enemies. And to prepare the way for his ruin, the most opprobrious parts of his accusation were first whispered among the populacy; That by this seeming suppression, men impatient of secrecy, might more eagerly divulge them, & the danger appear greater by an affected silence: Besides, the calumnies, and the suspicions were so contrived, as might force him and others to some course in their own defence, which they hitherto forbore; and by securing themselves to increase the public fears. For the slanders fixed upon the King's Party, were designed rather to provoke than to amend them, that being provoked, they might think rather to provide for their security, than to adjust their actions, in a time when the most innocent man living was not safe, if either wise or honest. Indeed he sat among the Faction at Westminster, so long as he had any hope of keeping them within any reasonable terms of moderation, until he and others saw that their longer continuance amongst them, might countenance their confederacy, but neither prevent, nor so much as allay their practices; And therefore among many eminent examples of loyalty and virtue of the noblest extracts and fairest estates in England, of which they could not easily suspect to be divested without an absolute overthrow of all the Laws of right and wrong, which was to be feared only by their Invasion on the Kings most undoubted Rights: (for when Majesty itself is assaulted, there can be no security for private fortunes; and those that decline upon design from the paths of equity, will never rest till they come to the extremity of injustice.) We find him with the King at York, where the King declareth, that he will not require any obedience from them, but by the Law of the Land. That he will Protect them from any illegal Impositions in the profession of the true Protestant Religion, the just Liberty of the Subject, and the undoubted Privilege of the three Estates of Parliament. That he will not Engage them in any War, except for necessary defence against such as invade him, on them. And he with others subscribing a Protestation to live and die with the King, according to their Allegiance, in defence of Religion and Laws, together with the prosperity and peace of the kingdom. But this Resolution without treasure would not take effect, and therefore the Nobility, Gentry, Clergy, and both Universities, furnished his Majesty with treasure, choosing rather to lay out then estates for the supply of his Majesty, than expose them to the lusts and usurpations of a Conspiracy. And yet treasure without a Treasurer could not at that time be either preserved or managed. and my Lord Cottington had been so good a husband for himself, that he was looked on in a time when his Majesty's occasions were so craving, and suppy so uncertain, as the fittest Steward for his Sovereign. Being so rich, that he would not abuse his Majesty himself, and so knowing, that he would not suffer others to do it. The Soldiery would have their flings at him for being so close in his advices, and wary in his place at Oxford: But he understood that in vain do the Brows beat and frown, the Eyes sparkle, the Tongue rant, the Fist bend, and the Arm swing, except care be taken that the Belly be fed. But when it pleased God that the best Cause had the worst success, and his Sacred Majesty more solicitous for his friend's safety than his own, choosing to venture himself upon further hazards, rather than expose their resolute Loyalty to all extremities, directed his followers to make as good terms of peace as they could, since it was in vain to linger out the war; This Lord, among others (whom when fortune failed, their courage stood to) had the contrivance first, and afterwards the benefit of the Oxford Articles, so far as the forfeiture of all his estate, (most part whereof came to Bradshaw's share) perpetual Banishment, but withal an opportunity to serve his Gracious Master in his old capacity, of Ambassador to the Court of Spain, in Joint Commission with Sir Edward Hyde, since the Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, and Lord High-Chancellor of England. Two persons, whose abilities and experience could have done more than they did, had not interest been more with Princes, than honour; and present accommodations beyond future advantages: Considerations that made it more adviseable for this ancient Lord, Cum satis naturae, satisque patriae, & gloriae vixisset; to prepare himself rather to die in peace with God, than to concern himself in the affairs of men; of which he said (as it is reported) when some English Mercuries were offered him, that he would peruse, and reflect on them, when he could find some of the Rabbins hours which belonged neither to day nor night. So much longed he for the grave, where the weary are at rest, and that world where all are at peace. What point of time, about 165●. he died, in what particular manner he was buried, what suitable Monument and Memory he hath, hath not come to my knowledge, and need not come to the Readers. This Lord himself could not endure a discourse that ran into frivolous particulars: And it is Lipsius his censure of Francis Guicciardines' history; Minutissima quaeque narrat parum ex lege aut dignitate historiae. Thy want of Tombs an Ep'taph, thou wants a Grave Cottington, with more glory than others have. The Sun 's Rise and Fall 's no more Spain's host, Since this Lord 's morn and night was within that Coast. THE Life and Death OF Sir JOHN BRAMSTON. SIR john Bramston Knight, was born at Maldon in Essex, bred up in the Middle. Temple, in the Study of the Common-law, wherein he attained to such eminency, that he was by King Charles made Lord Chief Justice of the Kings-bench. One of Deep Learning, Solid Judgement, Integrity of Life, Gravity of Behaviour, above the Envy of his own Age, and the● candal of Posterity. One instance of his I must not forget, writes the Historian effectually, relating to the Foundation wherein I was bred. Sergeant Bruerton by Will bequeathed to Sidney College, well nigh three thousand pounds, but (for haste, or some other accident) it was so imperfectly done, that (as Doctor Samuel Ward informed me) it was invalid in the rigour of the Law. Now Judge Bramston, who married the Serjeant's Widow, gave himself much trouble (gave himself indeed, doing all things gratis) for the speedy payment of the money to a farthing, and the legal settling thereof on the College, according to the true intention of the dead. He deserved to live in better times. The delivering his judgement on the King's side, in the case of Ship-money, cost him much trouble, and brought him much honour, as who understood the consequence of that Maxim, Salus populi suprema lex; and that Ship-money was thought legal by the best Lawyers, Voted down Arbitrarily by the worst Parliament, they hearing no Council for it, though the King heard all men willingly against it. Yea, that Parliament thought themselves not secure from it, unless the King renounced his right to it by a new Act of his own. Men have a touchstone to try gold, and gold is the touchstone to try men. Sir VVilliam Noy's gratuity showed, that this Judge's inclination was as much above corruption, as his fortune; and that he would not, as well he needed not, be base. Equally intent was he upon the Interest of State and Maxims of Law, as which mutually supported each other. He would never have a witness interrupted, or helped, but have the patience to hear a naked, though a tedious truth; the best Gold lieth in the most Ore, and the clearest truth in the most simple discourse. When he put on his Robes, he put off respects; his private affections being swallowed up in the public service. This was the Judge whom Popularity could never flatter to any thing unsafe, nor Favour oblige to any thing unjust. Therefore he died in peace 1645, when all others were engaged in a War, and shall have the reward of his integrity of the Judge of Judges, at the great Assize of the World. Having lived, Admin. Card. de Rich. P. 283. as well as read justinian 's Maxim to the Praetor of Laconia; All things which appertain to the well-government of a State, are ordered by the Constitution of Kings, that give life and vigour to the Law; Whereupon who so would walk wisely, shall never fail, if he propose them both for the rule of his actions; For, a King is the living Law of his Country. Nothing troubled him so much as (shall I call it) the shame, or the fear of the consequence of the unhappy Contest between His Excellent Majesty and his meaner Subjects in the foresaid case of Ship-money; No enemy being contemptible enough to be despised, since the most despicable command greater strength, wisdom, and interest, than their own, to the designs of malice, or mischief. A great man managed a quarrel with Archee the King's Fool; but by endeavouring to explode him the Court, rendered him at last so considerable, by calling the enemies of that person (who were not a few) to his rescue, as the fellow was not only able to continue the dispute for divers years, but received such encouragement from standers by (the instrument of whose malice he was) as he oft broke out into such reproaches, as neither the Dignity of that excellent person's Calling, nor the greatness of his Parts, could in reason or manners admit. F. O. p. 12. But that the wise man discerned, that all the Fool did, was but a symptom of the strong and inveterate distemper raised long since in the hearts of his Countrymen against the great man's Person and Function. This Reverend Judge, who when Reader of the Temple, carried away the title of the best Lawyer of his time in England, and when made Sergeant with fifteen more (of whom the Lord Keeper Williams said, That he reckoned it one of the Honours of his time, that he had passed Writs for the advancement of so many excellent persons.) Anno 29. jac. Termino Michaelii, had the character of The fairest pleader in England. Westminster-Hall was much envied by the Faction upon the same ground that Scaevola was quarrelled with by Fimbria, even because totum telum in se recipere, he did not give malice a free scope and advantage against him; who when the Writ for Ship-money (grounded upon unquestionable Precedents and Records for levying Naval Aids by the King's sole Authority) were put in execution, and Hambden and Say went to Law with the King, the one for four pound two shillings, the other for three pound five shilling: The inconsiderable sums they were assessed at to the Aid aforesaid, went no further than upon this Case put by the King. Charles Rex. WHen the good and safety of the kingdom in general is concerned, and the whole kingdom in danger; whether may not the King by Writ under the Great Seal of England, Command all his Subjects in the kingdom, at their Charge, to provide and furnish such number of Ships, with Men, Victuals, and Ammunition, and for such time as he shall think fit, for the defence and safeguard of the kingdom, from such danger and peril, and by Law compel the doing thereof, in case of refusal or refractoriness? and whether in such cases is not the King the sole Judge both of the danger, and when, and how the same is to be prevented and avoided? To declare his opinion thus: MAy it please your most Excellent Majesty, we have according to your Majesty's Command, severally, and every man by himself, and all of us together, taken into our serious consideration the Case and Questions Signed by your Majesty, and enclosed in your Letter: And we are of opinion, That when the good and safety of the kingdom in general is concerned, and the whole kingdom in danger, your Majesty may by Writ, under your Great Seal of England, Command all the Subjects of this your kingdom, at their Charge, to provide and furnish such number of Ships, with Men, Victual, Munition, and for such time as your Majesty shall think fit, for the defence and safeguard of the kingdom, from such peril and danger, and that by Law your Majesty may compel the doing thereof, in case of refusal or refractoriness. And we are also of opinion, that in such case your Majesty is the sole Judge both of the danger, and when, and how the same is to be prevented and avoided. john Bramston Richard Hutton George Vernon john Finch Willam jones Robert Barkley Humphrey Davenport George Crook Francis Crauly john Denham Thomas Trever Richard Weston. And afterwards in the Lord Says Case, Ter. Hil. Anno 14. Car. Regis in Banco regis, with jones and Berkley, to declare, That [the foresaid Writ being allowed legal] the judgement of the Judges upon it consisting of four branches. First, That the Writ was legal by the King's Prerogative or at leastwise by his Regal power. Secondly, That the Sheriff by himself, without any Jury, may make the Assessment. Thirdly, That the Inland Counties ought to do it at their own Charge, and to find Men, and Victuals out of their Counties for the time in the Writ mentioned. Fourthly, That the sum Assessed was a Duty, and (aught to be Assessed, and may be Levied) ought to stand, until it were reversed in Parliament, and until then, none ought to dispute against it. And when the Parliament afterwards declared themselves, Hil. Term Anno 16. C. R. in B. R. he was of opinion [in Chambers his Case against Sir Edward Brumfield, late Lord Mayor of London] that the Court ought no longer to dispute of it. And yet in july 1641. there was a Charge brought against him for his Extra-judicial opinion for Levying of Ship-money; to which he made such a rejoinder, as though for malice they could not acquit, yet for shame they did not condemn him, especially, since there were but few injured, as they pretended, by that his opinion, and the whole kingdom the better for his exact Justice; which was so effectual, that had he lived a few years longer, there would have been not a Robber from one end of the kingdom to the other, but such as took the Highway by authority. Large were the Harangues made against him and his brethren. But as Bees are sometimes drowned in their Honey, so were their Logic in their Rhetoric; the body of their proofs brings as poor and lean, as the garnish of their words gaudy; the stuff as mean as the dressing rich. After the affront of an Arrest, the trouble and disgrace of an Imprisonment, and the charge of a Fine, or at least a Gratuity, they thought it enough to have terrified, and so proceeded no farther to ruin this good man, that was the honour, and would have been, if ill treated, the disgrace of his Nation. Eccius is much censured by Divines, because he said in his Chrysopas that he entreated of Reprobation as a fit subject, In quo juveniles Calores exerceret. Young Lawyers were much blamed by our ancient Judge, for choosing the deep and intricate points of Prerogative and Liberty, to be the matter of their young and undigested Discourses; who while they engage against the old Laws and Maxims of Government, notwithstanding all their bustle and ratlings, yet are discerned by impartial and judicious men, like that Goth in Procopius, who though he fought fiercely, had the mortal Arrows sticking in his Helmet, whereof he soon after fell. He died, as a Bishop of Oxford is said to do, at a time when he had rather give an account of his Judges-place at the Tribunal of God, than exercise it on a Bench awed by men. Since he could not keep on the Robes of his Office with comfort, he put off those of his Mortality with peace; being ashamed to live, as he would say, when it was not safe to speak either law or reason, and reckoning it seasonable to die when all things perished by him, and he had nothing left him to do honestly, but to die. " It's Pity none undertook thy Worth to tell, " Thy Skill to know, thy Valour to do well; " And what could Men do less when thou art gone, " Whose Tenants, as they Manners, were thine own. " In not the same times both the same; not mixed " With the Age's Torrent, but still clear and fix't; " As gentle Oil upon the Stream doth glide, " Not mingling with them, though it smooth the Tide. " Nor didst thou this affectedly, as they " Whom humour leads to know, out of the way. " Thy Aim was public in it, they Lamp and Night " Searched untrod Paths, only to set us right. " Thou didst consult the Ancients, and their Writ, " To guard the Truth, not exercise thy Wit; " Taking but what they say, not as some do, " To find out what they may be wrested to; " Nor Hope, nor Faction, bought thy Mind to side, " Conscience deposed all Parts, and was sole guide. " We have not time to Rate thee, thy Fate's such, " We know we've Lost, our Sons will say how much. THE Life and Death OF Mr. JOHN GREGORY. IT is not the least argument that we are Immortal, that we naturally desire to be so; and that there is in every man implanted with his soul a generous ambition of Conveying his being to a fair Eternity, eithey by a a Ae●ernitas nodosa puster●ta successive Posterity as b Ara●●c. C●t. Bodl. ●. 24 25. Noah, or by a lasting Monument as c 2 Sam. 18. 18. Absalon, or by an universal Fame as d Plutarch. Cato, or by Heroic undertake as this Gentleman, the Astonishment of his own Age, and the Wonder of the next, for a capacious Nature and a vast Industry. § His Birth. An Industry, that finding little advantage in his Parentage, whose character amounts to no more than that they were mean and honest, less in the place of his Birth [Agmondsham in Buckinghamshire] ennobled only with his single worth, least of all in the time of it [Novemb. 10. 1607.] when learning was at its fatal height, and the ordinary methods of it but a meaness; when great souls must trace untrodden paths for Eminence and a Name. § His Education. In this Age he was very happy in Doctor Crook the Rector of Agmondsham's Neighbourhood, who respecting his Parent's Piety and Poverty, and observing his Hopefulness, admitted him to his Family, among those noble and excellent Personages then under his Care; upon two whereof, Sir William Drake and Sir Robert Crook, he waited to Christ-Church in Oxford; where he was more happy in the excellent Doctor Morley (since successively Dean of that place, Lord Bishop of Worcester and Winchester) his exact directions, and impressive encouragements, that quickly advanced his Studies above a Tutor's care, and most of all in the Learned Exercises, the Ingenious Converse, the Exquisite Parts, which in that renowned College awaked his large Faculties to sixteen hours Study every day for many years together, until his indefatigable way attained a learned elegance in English, Latin and Greek, an exact skill in Hebrew, Syriack, Chaldee, Arabic, Aethiopick, etc. an useful command of Saxon, French, Italian, Spanish and Dutch; a deep insight to Philosophy, a curious faculty in Astronomy, Geometry and Arithmetic, a familiar acquaintance with the Jewish Rabbins, the Ancient Fathers, the Modern Critics and Commentators, a general History and Chronology, and indeed an Universal Learning. § His Works. His smart Sermons (whereof that of the Resurrection is a Specimen) speak his Rhetoric, his Translation of * M. S. in Arch. Baror. Bibl. Bod l. 12. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Io. Antiochenus his Melala Chronography, his Latin; his Notes upon the same Author, his Greek; his Aki●la or Discourse of Eastward Adoration, his Church History; his excellent Comment upon Doctor Ridleyes excellent book (the first testimony of his pregnancy, when but twenty six) his Civil, Historical, Ritual, Ecclesiastical and Oriental Learning; his Observation on P●olomy and Euclid, with his King Henry's Scheme and Discourse against Cardan of our Saviour's Nativity, his Ancient and Modern Astrology; his Epochae, his Globe, his e His Account of the 70 Translation. Seventy, his f His discourse of the ●lonument at Salisbury of a little Boy habited in Episcopal Robes. Episcopus puerorum, his Assyrian Monarchy, his Chronology, his Optic History, Geography and Policy, and his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with his other unusual observations on the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and hard places of Scripture (wherein he mentioneth no Modern Author's [and none of note escaped him] but with design to enlarge, clear up, or correct their Annotations) twice Printed in English, and now Translated to Latin, to be a noble part of that grand Collection, called Critica Sacra, the depth of his Rabbinical and Talmudical reading, the breadth of his Eastern and Western Antiquities, his perusal of all Councils, his command of all Scholiasts, his comprehension of all Architecture, Magic, Chemistry, Modes, Coins, Measures, Weights, Customs, Proverbs, etc. and whatever else can properly come under a great scholar's cognizance, that aimed not at the empty and floating notions of Surface-learning, but at Omne Scibile, A complete Scheme, Frame, and Idea within himself, proportionable in all things to the order and method of being without him, drawing his Intellectual Circle of Arts and Sciences in no narrower compass, than that real one of things in the Universe. Insomuch, that I cannot believe (as one suggesteth) he lived to the twenty fourth year of his age, before he could buy Books, and but to the thirty ninth of it to read them; unless I admit what is more strange, but affirmed by another, That his Candle was not out one night for eleven of those years. § His Preferment. This industry, this Proficiency escaped not the observation of the Reverend Doctor Duppa, than Dean of Christ-Church, since successively Lord Bishop of Chichester, Salisbury and Winchester, as great a Patron of ingenuity in others, as Master of it in himself; who admitted him first to his favour, next to his service, wherein he was first Chaplain of Christ-Church, and next to that Prebendary of Chichester and Sarum, no Preferment compatible with his Age, being above his Deserts. His Desigr, and the disposal of his Study. For which Preferment in gratitude to his Master and the Church, he dedicated Ridleyes View of the Civil Law to him, and his life in clearing up the Scripture difficulties in that method he had begun to it: For when his Lord called upon him to Preach and exercise his Ministerial Function; He said, The Harvest is confessedly great, Epist. Dedit. to the Bishop of Salisbury. but then the Labourers are not few; and if while so many are thus excellently employed about the rest of the Building, some one or other do, as well as he can, towards the making good of the Groundwork; I think he may be let alone at least. The hopes of the Superstruction, dependeth upon the assurance of the Foundation. I shall give them leave to be Pillars, this I am sure is the Cornerstone, and I need not not tell you how rejected, I mean, not of all, but of the Common Builders. And in this course of Study, he intended to spend the rest of his life. § His Patrons and Acquaintance. Neither did the vigilant Doctor Duppa alone take notice of this deserving Person. For, 1. The blessed Archbishop Laud, now intent upon the Recovery of Primitive Christianity, the Restauration of Ancient Learning, and the Settlement of a Flourishing Church, a In his Review of his M. SS. employed and encouraged this great Master of the two first, and as great ornament of the third. 2. The public spirited Bishop Linsey, designing his excellent Edition of Theodoret, repaired to this great Transcript of that and all other Fathers. 3. Great Selden 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 confessed this Gentleman a confutation of his opprobrious Preface against the Clergy in his Book of Tithes, sending no less than eighty seven doubts, in several sorts of learning, to be resolved by him. 4. The learned Bishop Montague meditating a Church History, equal to, if not above that of Baronius, consulted this great Antiquary; the familiarity between them, when Master Gregory was but thirty years old, you have in his own words, about the occasion of his Tract called, Episcopus puerorum in die Innocentium. Having Consulted with the most likely men I knew (where about I then was) to what Moment of Antiquity this (speaking of the Monument afore mentioned in the Margin at Salisbury) could refer: The Answer was, They could not tell; so, the late learned Bishop Montague, who also earnestly appointed me to make further enquiry after the thing, not doubting but that there would be something in the matter, at least of curious, if not substantial observation. 5. There was a Club of great wits at Oxford, that met twice a week to consult this Oracle, than whom none communicated his Notions more readily, none expressed himself more satisfactorily; wherefore the most learned Jews and Christians, Protestants and Papists, kept correspondence with him, and an Armenian Priest lodged with him some time at the College, by the same Token that he saith himself, He had occasion to show this Priest the Chapel, and perceiving him to cast his Eye upon the Organ, he asked whether there were any such sight to be seen in their Churches? he answered, No such matter, neither did he know, till it was told him, what to call them; yet this man had lived fourteen years under two Patriarches, Constantinople and Alexandria. And in the Greek Liturgy we read of Music enough. And to close this Album Amicorum, he traveled through twelve Languages without any guide, except Mr. Dod the Decalogist, whose Society and Directions for the Hebrew Tongue he enjoyed one Vacation near Banbury; for which Courtesy he gratefully remembered him, as a man of great Piety, Learning, Gravity and Modesty: of which Graces also this Personage was as great a possessor as admirer. § His Death. But this height of worth and honour must, by the method of sublunary things, be attended with its fall. This great height of our Church is now in its meridian, and it must Set. One dismal cloud overwhelming Religion, Learning, and his great Spirit, the Repository of both: for immoderate study, an hereditary Gout of twenty years' continuance (which his poor Parents were rich enough to bequeath him) and heart-sorrow, brings him to his Grave, Marck 13. 1646. with Ichabod in his mouth, Ah, the glory is departed! yet not as one without; hope for he concludes a Dedication to the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, His Prophecy. and his life with these words, The great Genius of this place must now burn a while, like those subterraneous Olibian Lamps under the Earth, we shall behold it, but not now; we shall behold it, but not nigh. Which those about him heard not uttered then with more grief, than we after him see now fulfilled with joy. § His Character. By this time your expectation is raised concerning the great particulars that made up this Eminent Person. In a word, a Memory Strong and Active, containing not a confused Heap, but a rational Coherence of Notions, an Imagination Quick and Regular, a Judgement Deep and Searching, an Apprehension Ready and Natural a Bacon Aug Scient. p. 2. (such a readiness to take flame and blaze from the least occasion presented, or the least Sparks of another's knowledge delivered, as is very discernible to those that intently observe the little occasions he takes from one observation to make another) a Patience Invincible, that never rested in its unconfined inquiries of any difficulty, but at the bottom of it; a Good Nature Composed and Settled, a Communicativeness that Exercised and Improved him, an Obliging Carriage, that gave Access to the meanest Scholar, and had it of the greatest; a Distinct Understanding, that could as well Touch and Apprehend the least matters, as Compass and Comprehend the greatest; a Downright, Plain and Honest Temper, and what crowned all, a Serious and Holy Frame of Spirit, discovering its self in his Life and his Writing, where you will meet with such expressions as these. 1. His sayings of Preaching. When I am indeed able for these things [speaking of Preaching] I doubt not to have him with my mouth, because I mean to leave myself out. I have thus much left to wish [and I hope I do it well] to his Book [meaning the Scripture] that it might be read (as far as this is possible) in a full and fixed Translation, 2. Of the Interpretation of Scripture. and upon that, a clear and disengaged Commentary: The way to do this, will not be to do the work a great, and undertake the whole, or any considerable part of the Book by one man, if he could live one Age. He that goeth upon this with any interest about him, let him do otherwise never so admirably, he doth indeed but Translate an Angel of Light into the Devil: I would not Render or Interpret one parcel of Scripture to an end of my own, though it were to please my whole Nation by it, Of the Alcoran. to gain the World. One asked him, whether the Alcoran had any thing in it that could work upon a Rational Belief? He answered, That that which is every where called Religion, hath more of Interest, and the strong impressions of Education, than perhaps we consider of. § His Burial. There is no Scholar that would not know where lies the Remains of this great man. Christ-Church hath his Body, He died at Kidlington, and was buried at Christ-Church. the Church of England his Heart, whose Religion he designed to clear up in life, and sealed with his death; a death that was so much more a Martyrdom in his Bed, than others were upon the Scaffold; as it is a more exquisite misery to die daily with grief, than once by an Executioner. His honest Epitaph is this. NE premus Cineres hosce Viator, Nescis quot sub hoc jacent Lapillo Graeculus, Hebraeus, Syrus; Et qui Te quovis vincet Idiomate, At ne molestus sis Ausculta, & Causam auribus tuis imbibe: Templo exclusus, Et Avitâ Religione, Jam senescente (ne dicam sublatû Mutavit Chorum, altiorem ut cupesseret Vade Nunc si libet, & imitare. R. W. His Printed Works are: RIdleyes View of the Law, with his Notes. Posthuma: Or, a Collection of Notes and Observations, translated into Latin by Master Stokes, and inserted into the Critica Sacra. M. SS. Among the many early fruits of his younger studies, which his modesty kept by him to ripen; A Translation of an Ancient Peice of Chronography by Melala, which gave great light to the State of Primitive Christianity, is one. And Akibla (a Book proving East-adoration before Popery, because ever since the Flood.) THE Life and Death OF JOHN BARNSTON Doctor of Divinity. THE greatest parts was not protection enough, you observe in the last Instance, against the Barbarism of that Age, nor yet the best nature any security, as you may perceive by this, against the inhumanity of it; For there was one john Barnston D. D. born of an ancient Family in Cheshire, his birth deserved civility, bred Fellow of Brazen-Nose College in Oxford, his education pleaded for favour, Chaplain to Chancellor Egerton, and Residentiary of Salisbury; his preferments should have gained him respect, a peaceable and good Disposition, whereof take this eminent instance. He sat Judge in the Consistory, when a Churchwarden, out of whose house a Chalice was stolen, was Sued by the Parish to make it good to them, because not taken out of the Church-chest (where it ought to be reposited) but out of his private house. The Churchwarden Pleaded, That he took it home only to Scour it; which proving in-effectual, he retained it till next morning, to Boil out the in-laid Rust thereof. Well (said the Doctor) I am sorry that the Cup of Union and Communion should be the cause of difference and discord between you. Go home, and live lovingly together, and I doubt not, but that either the Thief out of remorse will restore the same, or some charity come to pass accordingly. He Founded an Hebrew Lecture in Brazen-Nose College, a piece of charity this, that should have covered a multitude of offences! Hospitality, they say, hath slept since 1572. in the Grave of Edward Earl of Derby, this Gentleman's Father's Master, and was a little awaked by this Gentleman, his Son's Chaplain and Friend from the year 1620. to the year 1640. carrying with him that genius of Cheshire Hospitality, and free to his own Family, which is Generosity; to Strangers, which is Courtesy; and to the Poor, which is Charity. A Native of Northamptonshire observeth, that all the Rivers of that County are bred in it, besides those [Ouse and Charwell] it dareth unto other Shires: So this good Housekeeper had provisions arising from his own grounds, both to serve himself and to supply others, who, if poor, were in his house, as in their own. The peculiar grace of his charity, was that with the good man in Plutarch, he would sometimes steal Largesses under the Pillows of Ingenious Men, who otherwise might refuse them, relieving so at once as well the modesty as the poverty of his Clients; not expecting, but preventing their request. God forbid the Heavens should never Rain, till the Earth first openeth her Mouth, seeing some grounds will sooner burn than chap. It was the Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon's observation, in his excellent Speech Octob. 13. 1660. before the King's Majesty and both Houses of Parliament. That good Nature was a virtue so peculiar unto us, and so appropriated by Almighty God to this Nation, that it can be translated into no other Language, and hardly practised by any other People. This good nature was the predominant temper of this good man, appearing in the cheerfulness of his spirit, the openness and freedom of his converse, and his right English inclination, so that the spirit of fears and jealousies [that spiritus Calvinianus, spiritus Melancholicus] that prevailed in the beginning of these times [like the louring of the Sky before a Storm] was as inconsistent with his temper and spirit, as it was contrary to other sober persons opinion and interest. His first disturbance was by some Croaking Lectures [the Product of the extraordinary heat of that time out of the mud of Mankind] who vied with him in long and thin discourses, in reference to whom he would apply a Story he took much pleasure in. When a Nobleman of this Nation, had a controversy in, Law with a Brewer, ☞ A comparison between the despised pains of worthy men, and the admired nothing of the unworthy. who had a Garden and a Dwellinghouse bordering upon his: The Brewer gave it in charge to his Servant, to put in so many Hogsheads of Water more into all his Brewing than he was wont to do, telling him, that such a supply would bear the charge of his Suit with his Adversary; which being overheard by the Nobleman, he sent presently to the Brewer, resolving he would no longer go to Law with him, who upon such easy and cheap terms could manage his part of the Suit. And when some ill-minded people thought to disturb the peace of his soul, by the confluence that attended his Neighbour's Ministry, and the solitude of his, he would at once please himself and displease them with this Repartee, That to one Customer you will see in a substantial Whole-saleman's Warehouse, ☞ you will meet with twenty in a peddling Retailer of Small-wares Shop. A man would wonder how so good a nature could have an enemy, but that, as Culpitius Severus noteth of Ithacius, that he so hated Priscillian, that the very Habit which good men used, if it were such as Priscillian had used, made him hate them also; so it was observed in those times, that any thing that was Episcopal was so odious, that some men, whose Callings were much endeared by the excellent endowments of their persons, had yet their persons much disrespected by the common prejudices against their Callings. Ah, shall I be so happy, as to be taken away from the evil to come! [They are his dying words] as Augustine before the taking of Hippopareus before the Siege of Heidelbergh, and the good Christians before the Siege of jerusalem! Shall I go [as old Gryneus' said] ubi Lutherus cum Zwinglio optime jam convenit. If they knew what it was to die, they would not live so! When Bees Swarm, a little dust thrown in the Air settleth them, and when People are out of order, a little thought of their mortality would compose them: And since they are mortal, their hatred would not be immortal. O set bounds to our zeal, by discretion; to tumults, by law; to errors, by truth; to passion, by reason; and to divisions, by charity. And so this good man went up to that place that is made up of his Temper: Mirth and peace. For all we know of what is done above By blessed Souls, E. W. is that they Sing and Love. THE Life and Death OF Sir ROBERT BERKLEY. THE two great Boundaries that stood in the way of the late Sedition, were Religion and Law, which guide and regulate the main Springs that move and govern the affections of reclaimed nature, Conscience and Fear; by the first of which, we are obliged as we live in the communion of those that hope for another world; And by the second, as we live in society with those that keep in order this. Ministers and Lawyers are the Oracles we depend upon for Counsel and Instruction in both those Grand Concerns, so far as that we think it our duty to submit to the reason of the one, and to believe the doctrine of the other, without scruple or argument, unless in matters most notoriously repugnant to the Elements of Policy and Religion. These two professions the Conspiracy endeavoured to make sure of, either by cajoling or persecuting, drawing the one half of them to sin with them, [oh what a case the Nation was in, when Jugglers and Impostors took up its Benches and Pulpits] and marking out the other half for persecution by them: [miserable kingdom, where the Law is Treason, and Gospel a Misdemeanour!] One of those that could better endure the Injuries, than the Ways of the Faction, was Sir Robert Berkley, a person whose worth was set in his Pedigree, as a rich diamond in a fair Ring; his extraction not so much honouring his parts, as his parts did illustrate his extraction. When a Pippin is planted on a Pippin-stock, there groweth a delicious fruit upon it, called a Renate. When eminent abilities meet with an eminent person, the product of that happy concurrence is noble and generous. The Heveninghams' of Suffolk reckon twenty five Knights of their Family; the Tilneys of Norfolk are not a little famous for sixteen Knights successively in that House, and the Nauntons have made a great noise in history; seven hundred pounds a year they have enjoyed ever since, or even before the Conquest. And this person took a great pleasure in reflecting on the eight Lords, forty two Knights, besides a great number of Gentlemen, that amongst them, possess nine thousand pounds a year, for five hundred years together. When he came to Study the Law, he knew that though to have an Estate be a sure First, yet to have Learning is a sure Second, skill being no burden to the greatest men; that being often in his mouth in effect, which I find in another Judge's Book in express terms: Haec studia adolescentiam alunt, senectutem oblectunt, secundas res ornant, adversis persugium praebent, delectant domi, non impediunt foris: pernoctant nobiscum, Peregrinantur, Rusticantur. He observed it a great happiness that he fixed on a profession, that was as Aristotle saith among the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 suited to his genius and inclination. The reason of his considerable proficiency in his Profession, being judged the greatest Master of Maxims in his time, and therefore his only fault was, that being made Sergeant 3. Caroli with great Solemnity, and at the same Term sworn the King's Majesty's Sergeant at Law, he argued against the factious Members of the Parliament 4. Caroli, Sir john Aliot, etc. so shrewdly, that Sir G. C. said of him, Prerogative and Law will not be overrun while Sergeant Berkley lives. A testimony of him suitable to the inscription on his ring when made Sergeant, Lege Deus, & Rex. Two things he abhorred. 1. The impudence of those men that by misconstruction of Laws, misapplying of Precedents, torturing or embezzeling of Records, turn the point of the Law upon its self; Wounding the Eagle with a feather from his own wing, and overthrowing the power of Princes by their authority. 2. The uncharitableness of others void of the ingenuity, either of Scholars, or indeed of men, who charged him and others with opinions which they heartily disclaimed, merely because they think such an opinion flowed from his Principles; an uncharitableness that hath widened the breach irreconcilably among both Lawyers and Divines in this Nation. This was the reason, why when the other Judges were Charged with Misdeamenors' [when the Parliament was upon the business of Ship-money] this Judge was Accused of Treason; and why when his fellows got off with a check and a small Fine, he suffered three years' Imprisonment, and afterwards was released upon no lower terms, than a Fine of two thousand pounds, an incapacity of any Dignity or Office in the Common● wealth, and to be a Prisoner at large during pleasure. After having been eleven years a good Justice in the King's bench, he died heartbroken with grief Anno 1649. Aetatis 63. Hard indeed were this Gentleman's Arguments against the times, but soft his words, often relating, and its seems always reflecting on Mnemon's discipline, who hearing a mercenary Soldier with many bold and impure reports exclaiming against Alexander, lent him a blow with his Lance, saying, That he had hired him to Fight against Alexander, and not to Rail. Only he would innocently say sometimes, that he would make bold to deal with the wild and skittish multitude, that would not endure their Riders, but rushed like the horse to the battle, as Alexander did with his Buc●phalus, take them a little by the Bridle, and turn them to the Sun and light. Two things rendered his enemies willing, if it had been possible, to oblige him, Cum talis sit, utinam noster esset, and when that would not be, resolved to ruin him. [For it was a Maxim then, a godly and good Malignant, was the most dangerous Malignant. I remember the Waldenses are set for the greatest enemies to Rome, upon three accounts. 1. Because they were ancient. 2. Because they were Scripture-skilled. 3. Because they were very godly.] 1. His Religion practised to as great a height by him, as it was pretended by them. 2. His Charity (his Hands being every day his Executors, and his Eyes his Overseers) that relieved poor people as fast, as the Conspiracy made them so: his goodness finding as many ways to exercise his charity, as the men [who destroyed Hospitals, and made men poor] had to make objects of it, they not undoing men as fast as he succoured them; especially, with his counsel to poor Loyalty, which carried Fee enough in its very looks to him, who thought it honour enough to be Advocate to the King of Heaven, as he had been to his dread Sovereign, and so bound ex officio to be of Counsel. Whence (besides the common blessing of good Lawyers, That they seldom die without an Heir, or making a Will) there accrued, I cannot tell whether more comfort to himself, more honour to his afflicted cause, or more shame to his malicious adversaries; who to use Gregory Nazianzen's words when they persecuted him, persecuted virtue itself, which with his unconfined Soul making the man, he might be Imprisoned, but not Restrained; or if Restrained, Cloistered rather than Imprisoned; as an holy Anchorite, rather than an Offender, retiring from a sad world, and not forced from it; where when alone, never less alone, not the suffering, but the cause making the punishment, as well as the Martyr; he thought his body always a straighter prison to his soul, than any prison could be to his body. In fine, he commended his prison for the same reason that Sir john Fortescue commended the Inns of Court, Quod confluentium turba [studentis, meditantis] quietem perturbare non possit. But I will clothe his free thoughts in the closest restraint, with the generous Expressions of a worthy Personage that suffered deeply in those times, and enjoys only the conscience of having so suffered in these. BEat on proud Billows, Boreas' blow, Swell curled Waves, high as Jove's roof, Your incivility doth show, That Innocence is tempest proof. Though surly Nereus' frown, my Thoughts are calm, Then strike Affliction, for thy wounds are balm. That which the World miscalls a Goal, A Private Closet is to me, Whilst a good Conscience is my Bail, And Innocence my Liberty: Locks, Bars and Solitudes together met, Make me no Prisoner, but an Anchorit. I whilst I wished to be retired, Into this Private Room was turned; As if their Wisdoms had Conspired, The Salamander should be Burned. The Cynic hugs his Poverty, The Pelican her Wilderness, And 'tis the Indian's Pride to be Naked on Frozen Cancasus. Contentment cannot smart, Stoics we see Make Torments easy to their Apathy. These Menacles upon my Arm, I as my Mistress' favours wear; And for to keep my Ankles warm, I have some Iron Shackles there. These Walls are but my Garrison; this Cell Which men call Goal, doth prove my Citadel. So he that struck at Jason's Life, Thinking he had his purpose sure: By a malicious friendly Knife, Did only wound him to a Cure. Malice I see wants wit, for what is meant, Mischief, oft times proves favour by th' event. I'm in this Cabinet locked up, Like some High Prized Margaret, Or like some great Mogul Or Pope, Am Cloistered up from public sight. Retirement is a piece of Majesty, And thus proud Sultan, I'm as great as thee. Here Sin for want of Food must starve, Where tempting Objects are not seen; And these Strong Walls do only serve, To keep Vice out, and keep Me in. Malice of lates grown Charitable sure, I'm not Committed, but I'm kept Secure. When once my Prince Affliction hath, Prosperity doth Treason seem; And to make smooth so tough a Path, I can learn Patience from him. Now not to suffer, shows no Loyal Heart, When Kings want Ease, Subjects must bear a Part. Have you not seen the Nightingale, A Pilgrim koopt into a Cage; How doth she Chant her wont Tale, In that her Narrow Hermitage, Even than her Charming Melody doth prove, That all her Boughs are Trees, her Cage a Grove. My Soul is free as the Ambient Air, Although my Base Part's Immured; Whilst Loyal Thoughts do still repair, T' Accompany my Solitude. And though Immured, yet I can Chirp and Sing, Disgrace to Rebels, Glory to my King. What though I cannot see my King, Neither in his Person or his Coin; Yet contemplation is a Thing, That renders what I have not, Mine. My King from me what Adamant can part, Whom I do wear Engraven on my Heart. I am that Bird whom they Combine, Thus to deprive of Liberty; But though they do my Corpse confine, Yet maugre Hate, my Soul is Free. Although Rebellion do my Body Bind, My King can only Captivate my Mind. OF THE LOYAL FAMILY OF THE BERKLEYS. JOHN Lord BERKLEY. IT is reported of the Roman Fabii, no less numerous than valiant, [three hundred and sixty Patricians flourishing of them at once] that they were all engaged in one Battle, one only excepted, who being under age to bear arms, was absent. It is recorded of the Family of the Hays in Scotland (in Edward the First's time) that they were all in the Battle at Duplin-Castle, except a Child then in his Mother's womb. Let it pass to Posterity, that the whole Family of the Berkleys were sooner or later involved with his Sacred Majesty in the miseries of the late times; and therefore with reason do many of them partake in the happiness of these. For, besides the foresaid Judge, there were several other Honourable Persons of this Name, who descended from Kings [for their first Ancestor was Son to Harding King of Denmark, whence Fitz-Harding the ancient Surname of all the Family formerly, and the Title of Honour to a Noble Branch of it now:] and therefore were resolved to hazard all in the Cause of the best King. In the List of whose faithful followers, as few of more ancient Nobility, Robert Harding their Ancestor, being made Baron Berkley by King Henry the Second, so few of more untainted Loyalty; As, 1. Sir john Berkley, since Lord Berkley, much he did by his Interest in Somerset-shire and Devon-shire, more in Person, most by his Care and Discipline; two things he had a special care of, Pay and Law; his word was, Pay them well, and hang them well. All he had himself was bestowed on the quarrel, he judging it madness to keep an Estate with the hazard of that Cause; which if miscarrying, all miscarried with it; if succeeding, all was wrapped up in it. In all meetings about the King's Affairs where he met with scruples, he pressed the doing, and not the disputing of the King's Commands; because otherwise Kings before they leavie an Army of Soldiers, they must leavie an Army of Casuists and Confessors, to satisfy each scrupulous Soldier in the perplexed and complicated grounds of War, and that to little purpose too; the men of scruples being generally the most cowardly withal. This Gentleman having an excellent rule, viz. That the Commands of Majesty, if not immediately (without any tedious inferences) contrary to the Law of God and Nature, were not to be disputed: A Rule that quickly satisfied all honest men, and as quickly silenced those that were otherwise inclined. He behaved himself in the West, 1. Keeping the Country from Freequarter. 2. Stopping the Inroads of the Parliaments Forces thither. 3. Keeping open their Trade. 4. Keeping a good correspondence among their Gentry, that Septemb. 4. 1643. when Exeter was delivered up to Prince Maurice, he was made Governor of it; keeping it, and the Country round about it, in a very remarkable degree of quietness and subjection, and easily advancing for three years 50000 l. a year for the King's Service; until it pleased God in wrath to the King's enemies to ruin the King's Cause, and leave them who had been happy if reduced to a subjection under him, to be undone among themselves; and Fairfax having defeated almost all the King's Army in the field, jan. 25. 1645. made his way as far as Porthrane, a Fort within three miles of Exeter, whence jun. 17. he summoneth Sir john Berkley, with Conditions to himself, his Officers, Citizens, and Soldiers, who having maintained the Garrison so long and so well, that it was looked on as the safest place for the Queen to lie in with the most Illustrious Princess Henrietta Maria, now Duchess of Orleans, as the Honourablest place for that Princess to continue in during the War, as she did with the Honourable the Lady Dalkeith: And, as the greatest refuge for distressed Cavaliers in England, returns this generous Answer; viz. That his Trust was delivered to him from His Majesty, which he would discharge to his power; That they have no reason to distrust a blessing from God in delivering that Garrison, who is able to deliver them, and may be so pleased without a miracle; the Prince having so considerable a Force at so near a distance to them; That if all actions of their lives, were as innocent as their hands, of the blood that hath, or shall be spilt in defence of their Righteous Cause, they shall in all events rest in perfect peace of mind, and will not despair. At which brave Reply, the General being rather pleased than provoked, makes not an angry, but a civil and ingenious (though ineffectual) Retortion, and having raised two Bridges over the River Ex, blocked up the City on all sides, and drawn up within Musket-shot of it, leaves the Siege to Sir Hardress Waller, going in person against the Prince to the West, till the third of April, when being distressed beyond all relief, they agreed that Commissioners should treat, as they did ten days (a long time to the impatient Soldiers, who complained that they had to do with long-tongued Lawyers) concluding upon the most honourable Terms (Fairfax and Cromwell upon some particular policy of their own, never offered any other;) That the Princess Henrietta should depart any whither in England or Wales, until His Majesty should give order for her disposal. 2. Neither the Cathedral nor Churches to be defaced. 3. That the Garrison should march out according to the most honourable custom of War, and to have freequarter all the way; and not be compelled to march above ten miles a day, and with their Arms to the places agreed on. The composition of persons of quality should not exceed two years purchase. That all persons comprised within these Articles, should quietly and peacerbly enjoy all their Goods, debts, and moveables, during the space of four month's next ensuing; and be free from all covenants, oaths, and protestations, and have liberty within the said four months, in case they shall not make their compositions with the Parliament, and shall be resolved to go beyond Sea (for which they shall have passes) to dispose their said Goods, debts, and moveables allowed by these Articles, etc. Articles and a Surrendry so honourable, that they were the Rule and Copy of all the following good Articles which the Army made; but their masters kept not perhaps their design in granting so good Conditions in all places surrendered to them, was to raise themselves a reputation able to give Law to the Parliament, that should lose its self in breaking of them. I must not forget three things remarkable concerning this Siege, 1. A strange providence of God: For when this place was so closely besieged, that only the Southside thereof towards the Sea was open unto it, incredible number of Laches were found in that open quarter; for multitude [saith an eye and a mouth-witness] like the Quails in the Wilderness [though blessed be God] unlike them both in cause and effect, as not desired with man's destruction, nor sent with God's anger, as appeared by their safe digestion into wholesome nourishment: they were as fat as plentiful, so that being sold for twopences a dozen and under, [the poor who could have no cheaper, as the rich no better meat] used to make pottage of them, boiling them down therein. Several Natural causes were assigned hereof, 1. That these Fowl frighted with much shooting on the Land, retreated to the Seaside for their refuge. 2. That it is familiar with them in cold Winters [such as that was] to shelter themselves in the most Southern coasts. 3. That some sort of seed was lately sown in those parts, which invited them thither for their own repasts; however, saith our Author, the cause of causes was Divine providence, thereby providing a feast for many poor people, who otherwise had been pinched for provision. 2. The faithfulness of the place, eminent now for a pairroyal of extraordinary services to the Crown When besieged by Perkin Warbeck, in Hen. 7. time. The Western Rebels, under Edw. 6. Parliament Forces, in King Charles' the First's Reign. Their Spirit and Conduct being admirable in the two first, and their Allegiance unstained in the last. 3. The peculiar Gift of the Governor, 1. In Watchfulness, both in looking to his own charge, and in taking advantages of his enemies. 2. In an obliging address, going as far sometimes with fair language and good words, as others did with money. 3. In encouraging the Soldier's labours with his own, managing his command over them the better, by making himself equal with them. When the English at the Spanish Fleet's approach in 88, drew their Ships out of Plymouth Haven, Cambden attributes their success to the Lord Admiral Howard's towing a Cable in his own person, the least joint of whose exemplary hand drew more than twenty men besides. 4. By observing as well as commanding them, and orderly preferring them, as well as observing them, neither disheartening nor exasperating true Valour. 5. By sharing with his Soldiers in their wants as well as in their other hardships, indigency is an honour, when it's the chief Commanders condition: Two words to his Soldiers did a brave Prince good service once in a straight, I am your fellow-commoner, and your fellow-labourer. 6. By understanding well the defects and failings of the Garrison, as well as its accommodation. It's a very remarkable passage, that (when my Lord Fairfax made three approaches upon three great, though not commonly observed, disadvantages of the Garrison) he charmed the Council of War to an opinion of a noble surrender with this Story: A man with an Ulcer on his face, passed over a Bridge, where the passengers were to pay a certain piece of money for every malady of body found about them, and was required to pay the accustomed Tribute for the Ulcer in his face: But he refusing to pay it, the Officer pull's off his hat, intending to keep it for a pawn; his hat being taken off, another malady appears in his bald head: Now Sir (said the Officer) I must have a double Tribute of you: Nay, saith the Traveller, that ye shall not, and begins to struggle with the Officer; who being too strong for him, gave him a foil, by means whereof there was a Rupture perceived under his coat. The more we strive with these people, the more we discover our infirmities. This Trust he managed so well, that the Queen's Majesty interposed earnestly for his preferment in these very expressions in a Letter dated March 13. 1644. Farewell my Dear Heart: Behold the mark which you desire to have to know when I desire any thing in earnest*. I pray begin to remember what I spoke to you concerning Jache Berkley for Master of the Wards. And the King in his confinement was very earnest for his company, making use of him in all his transactions with the Parliament and Army, especially in that fatal escape from Hampton-Court, where the Army observing how the King was caressed from all parts of the Kingdom, buzzed up and down a jealousy among the King's followers, that he should be assaslinated, that he might fly out of the place where he was most secure (being near his friends, the City and Parliament, than well inclined towards him) to a place where he was most in danger, being far off; the Faction having forecast, that the King in the perplexity of his affairs would cast himself, when in danger of his life, upon Col. Hammond [for his relation to Dr. Hammond his Majesty's beloved Chaplain] for that very purpose not long before made Governor of the Isle of Wight, as he did in the company of Sir john Berkley, Col. Io. Ashburnam, and Col. Will. Legg, who smelled the Plot by the slightness of the Guards, that dark and tempestuous Night, and a whispering that there was of the King's going to the Isle of Wight in the Army a Fortnight before, and therefore Sir john was for going to jersey; especially when he considered, that most of the Advices given the King to escape, proceeded from Whaley, and those of the Army, especially the Letter of Intelligence (which he would take upon his Oath was feigned) mentioned by Sir W. S. p. 1018. if any where; the Advise being to have stayed there, and cast no fears, jealousies or new disputes, which the Army aimed at, among an already distracted people. But as God would have it, that his Majesty should not escape those greatest trials, and most glorious acts of patience he had designed him; for Hammond, to whom they went with the hazard of their lives, could be wrought to nothing, but some formal civilities, and yet they being so far gone into the Net, must be trusted to, though with the King's extraordinary Regret: Sir john Berkley offering then a desperate attempt for the King's escape at last cast, though the King refused it, saying, That he would always humble himself to God's good pleasure. Nay, which was more, Sir john would have been taken to let the King escape. Therefore the Parliament so strictly enquired after him, although his own friends censured him, so interpreting this action by the success, not considering the numerous difficulties in forming any resolution, nor the fallacious representation of affairs to him (by those that contrived this whole Plot, to take the Parliament off from the King by his disturst of them, and confidence in the Army) but only looked on his improsperous services, according to the fate of unhappy Counsels, which is, To have that Condemned, which is put in Execution; and that Practised as best, which was never Tried. 1. The King was no sooner in the Isle of Wight, than the Faction let lose their fury upon the Gentlemen that attended him, commanding Hammond to send them up to London to be proceeded against; which he refused, pretending, First, The just offence thereby given the King in removing his only Friends and Familiars, than his honour engaged, as he said, for their Indemnity: The King himself likewise Interposing, that if those Gentlemen were taken away, and punished as evil doers, for counselling him not not to go out of the kingdom, but rather to come to the place where he now is, for the ends aforesaid, and for their endeavours accordingly to attend him thither, he cannot but expect to be dealt with accordingly, his case being the same. Sir john escaping the danger of this fatal piece of service, addressed himself to more, in the way of Intelligence and Correspondence between the King and the West, between the West and the North, and between all these Parts and France (where the Queen kept up the King her husband's Reputation, and promoted his Interest) until being forced from the King, he and Colonel Walter Slingsby, were secured Anno 1648. at Colonel Trevanions house in Cornwall, and underwent all the sad effects of the Tyrannies acted here for twelve years together, without any other comfort, than some opportunities of serving his Sacred Majesty with better Intention than Success, using means, and leaving events to God; being resolved to win the Roman Consul's Elegy, who was commended for not despairing of the Commonwealth; his spirit being above his own Fortune, and his Enemies too; who indeed had put an end to the War, yet could not find the way to Peace; their souls being unequal to their victory, and not able to temper their success, but turning those arts and arms wherewith they had prevailed against their Sovereign [so true is that of Seneca, Scelera dissident] against one another, until they ruined themselves, as well as his Majesty, and made way for that settlement which they had overthrown, wherein this Noble Person had as large a share of his Majesty's favours in England and Ireland, when restored, as he had of his afflictions, when banish●ed; as had his elder Brother Sir Charles Berkley, Lord Fitzharding, not short of him in Integrity and Loyalty, though not so much engaged in Action. They say, that though bustling times are best for the Writer, yet quiet times are best for the Liver; so though stirring men afford more matter of discourse to Authors, yet calm spirits and peaceable men yield most matter of peace and satisfaction to themselves; the deep waters are still too: lighter passions have a loud voice, but the greatest are usually silent, and actions of a lesser dimension have a great mention, while noble and great actions, exceeding Historians expressions, exercise their modesty. The inward Wheels that set the Engine on work, are less observed, though of more consequence, than those parts that move most visible. He that made Interests, kept Correspondence, engaged Parties, sent and procured Supplies, disposed of Commissions, managed the Designs for the Restauration of his Majesty, though the most secret, yet was the most effectual Instrument of the great mercy vouchsafed to this Nation. Such as this honourable person was, who (when more than 50000 Englishmen were corrupted by the arts and success of the Faction, and their own covetousness, weakness, and ambition to a partnership in their guilt) in the midst of the cruelties and victories of the Conspiracy, that amazed most part of Mankind, taught the unskillful the method of Confederacy and Design, and in spite of the vigilant, because fearful Parricides, opened opportunities, both of Correspondence with his Majesty, and with all truehearted Englishmen, who communicated Counsels, gave mutual Encouragements, raised Supplies, and kindled Flames that might have devoured the Juncto, had it not pleased God, that he and Sir Henry Slingsby should be taken, and so forced to exchange his Services for Sufferings, from Prison to Sequestration, from Sequestration to Prison, from thence to Decimation. For as in the Primitive times, when any Calamity happened, the Heathens cried, Christiani ad Leones; so when the least toy took the Christians frighted out of their senses, in the head, they cried, Secure the Cavaliers, Secure the Cavaliers, and that so long, until (as the sufferings of the Martyrs converted the world, so the generously born afflictions of Loyalty reduced the kingdom) it became necessary for them to secure the whole Nation, who as one man, as acted by one common Genius, like the spirits of the world, wrought its way into that settlement by a general consent, which could not be attained to by any particular combination; in which settlement, this excellent Person not only enjoyed a freedom from his pressures, but a reward for them, being made upon the King's Return controller of the Household, one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, Treasurer of the Household, Governor of in Ireland, and of great trust about his Highness the Duke of York; in which capacities he looks not to what he might do, but what he should, measuring his actions by justice and expedience: If any person would know more of him, let him make his Address to him, and he shall find him Courteous; let him Petition him, and he shall find him extraordinarily Charitable; let him go to his Table, and he shall find him Hospitable; let him Converse with him, and he shall find him Exact and Punctual: In a word, a perfect Country Gentleman at Court, one whose very nature is in pay and service to his Majesty, gaining him by his Civilities more Hearts, than either Laws or Armies can gain Subjects. Every time my Lord Fitzharding smiles, the King of England gains one. The Roman Lady, when asked where her Jewels were? brought out her Children, and answered, These are my Treasures. This honourable Person, if demanded where are his Services, besides those in his own person, formerly in times of war, and now in times of peace; particularly his good husbandry for his Majesty, his faithfulness, his place, and the obligingness of his behaviour, he can show his Sons, and say, These are my Services; of whom, besides Sir Maurice Berkley Vicepresident of the foresaid Province in Ireland, two lately lost their lives with as much honour as they enjoyed them, viz. FIRST THE EARL OF FALMOUTH. AS Treason taints the blood, so Loyalty ennobleth it; the one deriving honour as effectually, as the other doth guilt. This personage inherited his Father's Services as well as his Spirit, being an early confessor of Allegiance, and taught to suffer with Majesty, as soon as to live; he had the advantage of most other Gentlemen, that he begun, and spent some years of discretion in the experience of troubles, and exercise of patience, wherein all virtues moral and political, are commonly better planted to a thriving, as Trees set in Winter, than in the warmth, and serenity of times, or amidst those delights which usually attend Princes Courts, in the midst of peace and plenty; which are prone either to root up all plants of true virtue and honour, or to be contented only with some leaves and withering formalities of them, without any real fruits, such as tend to the public good; for which Gentlemen should always remember they are born, and by providence designed. Besides the intimacy of converse between his Sacred Majesty (the most condescending Prince in the world) and him in their tender years, for which King Edward 6. loved Fitz-patriche so well, as to have some thoughts of marrying him to his Sister, and advancing him to the kingdom; besides the sympathy of their spirits, visible in the exact symmetry of their persons, which endeared Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk so much to Hen. 8. that he was the only person that lived and died in the full Favour of that Prince: Of whom it is observed, That they who were highest in his Favour, had their Heads nearest danger. There were these remarkable things that recommended this young Gentleman to his Majesty's Favour. 1. His Happiness of Address, much advantaged by the Eminency of his Person, the Smoothness of his Voice, the Sweetness of his Temper, and the Neatness of his Fancy. True is that observation of a great Statesman, if a man mark it well, it is in praise and commendation of men, as it is in gettings and gains: For the Proverb is true, That light gains, makes heavy purses; for light gains come thick, whereas great come now and then: So it is true, that small matters win great commendation, because they are continually in use and in note; whereas the occasion of any great virtue cometh but on Festivals; therefore it doth much add to a man's Reputation, and is [as Queen Isabel said] like perpetual Letters Commendatory to have good forms. And therefore, besides several other Messages of Consequence, he had the Management of a Compliment of very great consequence to the French King; for his Conduct in which, he was not only nobly presented by that Prince, but highly valued by his own Sovereign. 2. His Integrity and Faithfulness in performing Trusts and keeping Secrets, whereof several instances of Importance in Holland, France and Flanders, qualities that capacitated him not only for the service, but the friendship of his Master; who with the wisest Princes in the world, considering the natural distance between them and their Subjects, deny them the common comforts of intimate friends and familiars, raise some tried persons to the intimacy of companions (under the name with us of Favourites, among the Romans of Participes Curarum) in whose Breasts they may lay their Heads, & in whose Bosoms they may ease their griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, counsels, and whatsoever lieth upon them, and would otherwise eat the Heart, to oppress it in a civil kind of shrift or confession. Friendship calming the Affections from storm and tempest, and clearing the Understanding out of darkness and confusion of thoughts; for whosoever hath his Mind fraught with many thoughts, his Wits and Understanding do clarify and break up in the communicating and discoursing with another, though he be not able to discourse again; so much is gained by tossing the thoughts more easily, by marshalling them more orderly, and seeing how they look when they are clothed with words, that whets, that cuts not. It's my Lord Bacon's opinion, That a man had better relate himself to a Statue or Picture, than to suffer his thoughts to perplex himself. 3. Activity and Dispatch. The Spartans' loved four sorts of Statesmen. 1. They that performed business reservedly, to prevent noise. 2. Effectually, avoiding after-claps. 3. Sweetly and oblgingly, raising no discontents. And 4. Quickly, affecting not delays. 4. And all this wrapped in a good Nature, that made it its business to oblige others to his Master, as much as he was obliged himself. Some Drugs are very wholesome, but very bitter; good in the Operation, but unkind in the Palate: And some persons are very useful in their services, but so morose in their expressions of them, that Masters are afraid of their duties. This honourable person was as affable to others, as he found his Master was to him; his performances being not like Pills that must be wrapped in something else before they could be swallowed, but the candour and sereness of his disposition made his employment as amiable as it was serviceable. He [all sweetness, all Balsam, healing and helping] translated into English the Roman Character, Neminem unquam demisit tristem. But neither did he esteem these happy qualities of his Person, nor the former instances of his Service, any way answering the great favours of his Sovereign, without some new attempt, as much beyond common performances, as his obligations were beyond common kindnesses. It was not enough to discharge his several Trusts faithfully, to wear his Honour and his Grandieur becomingly, Manage Affairs usefully, to accommodate all Interests prudently; these are too common returns of favour. When the same Royal person was to adventure himself to secure our happiness, who was himself a great part of it, when his Highness the Duke of York was resolved to hazard that dear life for his Brother and his Country, that he had ventured for other Princes and mere Honour, when all the hopes and concernments of the Nation were wrapped up in the Admiral, and the Engagement, neither the entreaties of his Friends, nor the tears of his Spouse, beseeching him by the Pledges of his Love, one in her Arms, the other in her Womb, could dissuade him (though in no command, save as he said, the Commissions of Allegiance and Gratitude) from attending that brave Prince in his dangers, that he had waited on in affliction; to whose quarrel every true Englishman owed a life, it being the three Nations Engagement, and to whose family he owed Estate, Honour, and every thing he had to lose but a life, they being the effects of Royal bounty, when he knew he had the prayers of three Nations along with him while he lived with his Highness, and their sorrows if he should have died with him. Whom he had the honour to divertise with his Ingenuity, to assist with his Counsel, and as it were to redeem, with his Death, (Those several Noblemen with his Highness, being like the several king like persons, about Richard III. to amuse fate, and receive those dreadful Shots aimed at him in their own persons.) A death he would have undergone ten times over to save that life that was worth three kingdoms, which since the Heroic Duke would not save alone by withdrawing, he should not lose alone in Fight: but as the kindest Wives in Aethiopia will needs be buried with their Husband's alive; so his dearest friends would needs perish with him; congratulating their new honours for this reason, that they might [like the Sacrifice that is first crowned and then offered] fall more Nobly and becoming a Prince's companions and their blood, though it might dash, might not slain their Royal Master. june the 2. 1665 (coming to wait on the Duke, with his Sovereign's love in the one hand, and his own life in the other, but a little before the Fight] he fell with two honourable persons, one on the one hand, and another on the other, so near the Duke that his Brains dashed on his clothes: The brave Prince no doubt reflecting on his friend, as Sir Francis Drake did on his, when he said, Ah Dear— I could grieve for thee, but is is no time to let down my spirits. And (the proper bemoaning of a friends death in War, being to revenge it) resolving to appease his Ghost with Opdams' blood, who attended him immediately to the other world, with all those terrors about him, that shall destroy this to have Victory bleeding by him; a Prince in the same danger with him, a Sovereign bemoaning him, none envying, all pitying, is a happy way of dying, that all men may wish, few men obtain: When Sejanus lived so much in the Emperor's favour, as that they two were reckoned and termed friends (the Emperor writing to Sejanus thus in a Letter Haec pro amicitia non occultavi) the whole Senate dedicated an Altar to the Goddess Friendship. When a person shall be so happy, as to enjoy his Prince's favour; so grateful, as to be ambitious of dangers to deserve it; so innocent, as not to wrong the meanest person by it [being great only, that he might be able to be good] yet so unhappy, as to die the very beginning of it. It is very fit we should Erect a Tomb to Friendship, with this Inscription, P. M. S. JOcantis fortunae magnum Ludibrium hic Jacet Regis amor, & spes regni Quem Hispania Cautum Gallia Ingenuum Belgia Assiduum Aula Integerrimum & Anglia tota mirata est magnanimum: Hic est ille Infaelicis virtutis Falmuthius. Maritus charissimus, Pater Indulgentissimus, Filius humilimus affinis beneficus, frater amantissimus Consiliarius fidelissimus: Amicus Perpetuus, magnifice benignus dominus & Optimus omnium servus Ille, Ille● Quem Principes optimi pariter & perspicacissimi valde adamarunt & Int●mum habuerunt Nec ullus unquam odio habuit. Honoribus & negotiis auctus haud Invidendis Fato succubuit heroico Comite Duce Eboracensi, & victoria junii 2. Anno Aetatis Christi 1665. suae 29. Let this little description of this great Man serve, like a Flat Grave-stone or Plain Pavement, for the present, till a Richer Pen erect him a Statelier Monument. Sir EDWARD BERKLEY. WE read Gen. 30. 11. the Leah said, A Troop cometh, and she called the name of the Child, Gad. When I have spied out but a Berkley in the Catalogue, either of Loyal Commanders, or Compounders: I find a great throng following, for besides another Sir Henry Berkley (as we suppose) of whom we have this Note Sir Henry Berkley per William Cradock 0300 00 00 Sir Edward Berkley that honest Gentleman, that was neither Sued, nor did Sue in his life, so willing he was to live in private peace, and thence it is easily guessed how unwilling he was to engage in public quarrels, until he saw there was no hope of any tolerable Peace, but from the success of a just War. A Farmer rent a Grange, generally reported to be haunted by Fairies; and paid a shrewd Rent for the same at each half years end. Now a Gentleman asked him how he durst be so hardy as to live in the house, and whether no spirits troubled him. Truth (said the Farmer) there be two Saints in Heaven vex me worse than all the Devils in Hell, namely, the Virgin Mary, and Michael the Archangel, on which days he paid his Rent. This was none of Sir Edward's Tenants, who were so kindly treated, that he would not receive his Rents, until he had seen what his Tenants had got; and when he took them, he would choose rather to take them in work which his Tenants could do, or in commodities which they had to sell, then in moneys; which he knewthey could not spare, and he did not want. Now those poor people that he used so tenderly himself, he was loath should be oppressed by others, and that the estates they had got under him, should be a Prey to those who aimed at a Tyranny over the Nation, from which he knew no way to secure them but to stand by his Prince, in whose just authority was lodged the estates and liberties of all his Subjects; and there was not a more effectual way to secure poor people in their enjoyments, than to support that Sovereignty that had the care of all their interests, and would not permit others to wrong them, as he could keep them from usurping upon him. He did not fight (indeed it could not be expected from his years, of which he would say, That though he could not lift up a hand against the Rebels in the Field, yet he would lift up both for his Majesty in his Closet. He would assault Heaven, and besiege the Throne of Grace) but he Contributed; he handled not Steel, but he laid out Silver and Gold; and what was more, gave Intelligence. It was Scipio Affricanus his great honour, he condescended to serve under his younger Brother: it was this Gentleman's remarkable character that what he could not do himself, he assisted his meaner Relations to do as long as he lived, and bequeathed to them his Loyalty and Estate when he died 165 ... Aetatis 64. After a Composition for 0784 l. 00 00 Leaving behind him the character of a good husband, being, as he would say, never reconciled to his Wife, because never at distance with her; a good Father, intending the education more than the pleasing of his Children, by the same token, that he was very careful what Schoolmasters settled near him; the Jews not more mischievously poisoning Springs in England, formerly, as they were charged, than Schoolmasters mis-principling Youth, the Wellhead of a Nations hope, as they were complained of. A good Churchman abhorring the laziness of those, that as Cicero said, never see the Sun either rising or setting; and the Indevotion of those that come neither at the beginning of Prayer, nor have the patience to stay till the end, himself professing that the most concerning part of Divine Service, is the Concession and Absolution that commenceth it, and the Blessing that concludes it. A good friend, choice in his acquaintance, firm to his friendship, clear and plain in his dealing, free in his erogations, studious in contriving ways to do good, A liberal man, that devised liberal things: In fine A good man whom Nero hated. Sir WILLIAM BERKLEY. PHilip de Commines telleth us of a Noble Family in Flandert, that generally they lost their lives in the Service of their Prince: And we find in our own Chronicles, that Edmund Duke of Somerset lost his life in the first battle of Saint Alban, Duke Henry following him, taken in the battle of Hexan, and so beheaded: a second Duke Edmund, and the Lord john of Somerset, going the same way in the battle of Teuxbury, all of them sighing in the behalf of King Henry, and the House of Lancaster; but then they heaped not Funeral upon Funeral, in so short a time as this honourable Family did; in which respect, as those of the House of Somerset exceeded the House of Flanders, so the House of the Berkleys exceeded the House of Somerset; the Earl of Falmouth, the elder Brother, Keeper of his Majesty's Privy Purse, and Captain of his Highness' Regiment of Guards, fell the first year of our war with the Dutch. Sir William Berkley (the younger Brother) Governor of Portsmouth, and Vice Admiral of the White in the last years Expedition, in the second; one sad messenger following another with disconsolate ●idings, that as waves following waves had swallowed up that good Family; parallel to that which the Historian calleth the Mourning Family in Italy, did not the same consideration buoy up them that supported the other, that these hopeful Personages died in that service for which they were born [Patriae geniti, & toti nati mundo] the honour of their Sovereign, and the good of their Country. Nature that made one industry was to make all these Brother's Heirs: One of the younger Brothers gives, as the Heralds observe, a Martlet for the difference of his Arms; a Bird observed to build either in Castles, Steeples, or Ships, showing, saith our Author, that the Bearer thereof, being to cut out his own fortune, must seek by War, Learning, or Merchandise to advance his estate. This Gentleman being Bound to a Merchant [trade hath raised many families, and restored more, and Apprenticeship doth neither extinguish native Gentility, nor disinable to acquisitive) is presumed to have behaved himself as a good Servant, because that was the way to be a happy Master; for we learn to command by obeying, and to know what we should exact from others, by what we have performed ourselves; besides, a great Fortune, like great Buildings, must have low and humble Foundations. When the Dutch Encroachments allowed our Merchants no more Trade than they taught for, Master Berkley, as willingly served the King to vindicate and recover Trade, as he had done his Master to understand it. What was extravagancy in the young Merchant, becomes courage and resolution in the Seamen and Soldiers; war and public affairs exercising that spirit that was too big for soft peace, and private business. He was content to go first a Volunteer, to observe the Conduct and Discipline of others; and after evident trials of his personal valour, to set out as Captain, to exercise his own; though yet not taking notice so much, that he was advanced by his Prince's favour to be a Captain over his men, as that he was in his Service a Fellow-soldier with them. The Conqueror, when he first Landed his Forces in this Nation, burned all his Ships, that despair to return might make his men the more valiant. Younger Brothers (they are the words of an ingenious Author) being cut off at home from all hopes, are more zealous to purchase an honourable support abroad; their small arteries with great spirits have wrought miracles, and their resolution hath driven success before it. When the Orator was asked, What was that that made an Orator successful? He answered, Action. What next? Action. What next again? Action. Wonderful like (saith the Lord Verulam) is the case of boldness in Sea-affairs: What first? Boldness. What second and third? Boldness. Though he never tempted dangers, yet he never avoided them, witness the straits Expedition, wherein, though expectation commonly out-doeth ordinary performances, yet he outdid expectation its self; resolving not to Yield, even when it was impossible to Overcome; and when Stifled rather than Mastered, he might have had Quarter with more honour, than his enemies could give it; yet Antaeus' like, taking courage from his misfortunes, his courage whetted with anger and revenge, not only fills up the great breach made in the Ship, by the loss of an excellent Commander, but managed it too with such a present courage, as not only outfaced danger, but even commanded and disciplined it too, scattering a new vigour upon his new Command, here then on this, on that side his examples; quickening his authority so, that his very Conqueror became his Prize, when he had men enough left to master the Ship, and yet not enough without some more assistance to Man it, winning on the enemy, even when he seemed to have lost himself. Great was the value others put on the Prizes now, and at other times taken by him; greater the esteem he had of the actions themselves, which at Court deserved a Knighthood, an Honour (that by an over-value of themselves make some fearful of those services that gained them that value) yet raised rather than abated his resolution; as well remembering the custom which is used at the Creation of some Knights, wherein the King's Master-Cook cometh forth, and presents his great Knife to the new made Knights, admonishing them to be faithful and valiant, otherwise he threateneth them, that that very Knife is prepared to cut off their Spurs. And in the Fleet gained a Vice-admirals' Command, a power the greater it was, the more careful he was not to abuse it, managing his authority at Sea, as if [what Sea-Captains seldom do] he should give an account of it at Land. None so wary in Council, none so bold in Execution. Valour in acting doth well in him that is under the direction of others, prudence in advising becomes him who is to guide; the ones excellency lying in not seeing dangers, the others in seeing them. His goodness sweetened his greatness, and the best metal and blade is that which bends; and his industry and patience set off his goodness, pains having knit the joints of his Soul, and made them more solid and compacted, and his piety both of them, seeing so much of God in the deep, he saw the proper reason of that common Proverb, He that cannot pray, let him go to Sea. And understanding himself so well, that he was none of those Seamen, who [as if their hearts were made of those Rocks they Sail by] are so always in death, that they never think of it. Most young men, when advanced, are transported with the Footboys fancy in Huartus, that thought himself a Monarch, and the Doctor in Acosta that apprehended himself King and Pope: so apt is height to turn the brain. This Gentleman was of the Nobleman in Laurentius his temper, that though otherwise very sensible, yet was persuaded that he was Glass: so much affected was he with the consideration of his frailty and mortality. In all his great actions, you might spy in his looks that he had a Monitor like the Emperor's Boy following him with a Memento te esse mortalem. In this capacity he rides in the Fleet under the command of Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle; when june 2. 1665. the Engagement between the Dutch and the English began, wherein his place was ordered towards the Rear, though his spirit made to the Front, had Discipline endured it; in reference to which, he thought it greater service to submit to the command of Superiors, than to be forward in the Engagement with his Enemies; lest otherwise he might be served as the French Soldier was in Scotland about a hundred year ago, who first mounted the Bulwark of a Fort besieged, whereupon ensued the gaining of the Fort: But Marshal de Thermes the French General first Knighted him, and then hanged him within an hour after, because he had done it without command. The evil example outweighed the good service. The posture was so unhappy, that he, as well as Sir George Ascue his Admiral, were parted from the Fleet first, and afterwards from one another. [Castor and Pollux asunder, betokened ill luck to the Seamen,] and misfortunes following each other as waves do; Sir William was divided from himself, some of his Officers not thinking fit to obey what he thought fit to command, and their performances were like to succeed, when neither would follow, and both could not handsomely go abreast. In this condition he resolved his Valour should make amends for his misfortune, and though he was unhappy, he would not be unworthy too, he had rather die ten times than once survive his Credit. The sweetness of life being not able to make him swallow down the bitterness of disgrace: He attempted a probability of success, with a certainty of his own danger, not without reason, when the ignominy of a quarter from the Enemy he had to deal with, was more intolerable than the pains of a death; of which a Seaman thinks, that as it is far hotter under the Tropic in the coming to the Line, than under the Line itself: so the fear and fancy in preparing for death, is more terrible than death itself. Berkley against the whole Fleet himself a Navy, yet carrying nothing about him impenetrable but his mind. About six a clock he was shot in at his throat with a Musket-bullet, and out at his back; whereof indeed he fell, but would not die, until the Enemy overpowering his men (each of whom inspired by his example now, as by his command before, was a Berkley: [the Sun setting, each little star appears] and had, like him, the art of encountering, but not of escaping) took the Ship, not till two hours after his fall; when his brave Soul scorning to be a prisoner to the Dutch and to his own body too, left him just as the Enemies came and took him. He never spoke after this unhappy shot, but his look did; which from his eye dispersed as much valour as he did before with his hand, fresh Orders issuing still from his aspect; which a man looked on, and vowed either a brave revenge, or as brave a death; either what the dying Captain aimed at, Victory, or what he enjoyed, Honour. The Ship (the Swiftsure) with so many men and Guns, and so good a sailer as she was of the second Rate, was a great prize to the Hollanders, but this person a greater, though dead; the Honourable Carcase being of so great a value (and if the Cabinet was so rich, what was the Jewel?) that the States paid for it the old value of a Province, and thought to demand for it the liberty of a whole Fleet of prisoners. Great was the respect they gave him, in their care to embalm and lay him in State in the great Church at the Hague [proud it seems of their enemy] where as many came to see him now dead, as feared him before; the throng now standing before his corpse but tremblingly, as before they did before his person. Greater was the Honour of their Reasons for that respect, viz. [to use their own words] For the Dignity of his Person, the Greatness of his Command, and the Renown of his Valour and Conduct. Greatest of all was the esteem they seemed to have of him, when they thought him a present fit to oblige His Majesty of Great Britain (at that time when they were most to seek for some effectual way of addressing themselves to him in order to an accommodation) as they sent him, Aug. 23. 1666. ☞ with Honour enough certainly, since Sir William Berkley's Body was the greatest Present the High and Mighty States could send, and the only kindness the most Puissant and Sacred Majesty of the King of Great Britain would at that time accept at their hands. TO enbalm him then were vain, when spreading Fame Supplies the want of Spices, where the name Its self preserving, may for Ointment pass, And he, still seen, lie coffined as in glass. While thus his Bud's full Flower, and his sole Beginning doth reproach another's whole, Coming so perfect up, that there must needs Have been found out new Titles for new Deeds; Though Youth and Laws forbid, which will not let Statues be raised, or he stand Brazen, yet Our minds retain this Royalty of Kings, Not to be bound to time, but Judge of things, And worship as they merit; there we do Place him at height, and he stands Golden too. Sir HENRY BERKLEY. THis Gentleman was well known for his Ancient and Honourable Family, his good Education, his great Observations and Experience, his famous Hospitality, his rich and happy Tenants and Dependants, whereof he carried 500 to the King's side; the orderly Government of his Family, where, as it is said of Theodosius, his Court-Votaries themselves might learn Discipline; the exemplariness of his Devotion, honouring God as sincerely, as God had graciously honoured him; the plainness of his temper, his word being parchment, and his very yea, an obligation; the humility of spirit, which made him like a fixed Star, the higher he was, the less he seemed; his Zeal for the Church, both as Patriot, Patron, and Parishioner; his word was, All the service I can do, I will do for God's Church; for all the comfort I look for, I hope for in God's Church; his serviceableness in the Country in all public Capacity that found him out, deciding an hundred controversies at a cheaper rate in his Hall, than one is ended at Westminster; keep up he did indeed the Authority of the Law, Order, and good Government, but cavils and brawls he discountenanced; that reputation that was the result of all these Virtues, enabled him to do so much towards the assistance of his Dread Sovereign, now cheated of all the Supports and Ornaments of Government, but those Subject's hearts, who when the King had yielded all that in reason could be expected from him, ventured Lives and Fortunes, rather than he should do as Hampden said, when he was asked what they would have the King do more, answered, Throw himself and all his concernments upon our good affections. In good time! King's are entrusted by the great Governor of the World in a way of deputation, and by the Inhabitants of the World in a way of consent, with the Lives, Liberties, and Estates of all their Subjects: and those Kings shall intrust themselves and all their charge back again with the worst of those Subjects, as with Sir john Stowel, Sir Ralph Hopton, and the Lord Pawlet, to help the Marquis of Hertford to the first Army that was able to face potent and successful Rebellion, and clear Somerset-shire and Dorsetshire of it; until the Loyal Party was besieged in Sherburne many weeks; in which time (to borrow the words of their own Historian May) Many Sallies were made out of that Garrison, and sharp Encounters performed with great courage; the Parliament side, so he calleth the Faction, being in firm hope to have taken them at last; which was conceived a thing of great moment, and advantage to their affairs, if they could have possessed the persons of so many men considerable both in their Persons and Valour, and who (mark it) proved afterwards very strong and cruel Enemies; yet (saith he) that hope was frustrate: for about the beginning of October they all escaped out of Sherburne: The Earl nevertheless pursued after them, and in the chase took Mr. Pallart, Sir Henry, Sir john, and Sir Charles Berkley, Prisoners; and in them, as they imagined, the strength of the King's Cause in those parts. The good old Gentleman Sir Henry being neither consigned in his affections, nor yet disabled in his Estate, attendeth that Cause with considerable supplies, that he could not wait on in person, 1. With that zeal Amilcar made his son Hannibal swear at thirteen, to be an irreconcilable enemy of Rome, engaging all his sons to a constant service against the Conspiracy, upon the blessing of a father, obliging them to serve the Father of their Country; usually saying, That in vain did they look for an Estate from him, unless they could be protected in that Estate by the King and the Laws. There was nothing more usual since the faction raised tumults, and reduced and listed those tumults into Armies, to force the King to that which they despaired with reason to convince him of, but they endeavoured to cant most of his Subjects out of their Loyalty; and against that artifice, it was observable what advantage His Majesty had on his side: for whereas the combination was forced to fly to the shifts of some pretended fears, and wild fundamentals of State, with the impertinent as well as dangerous allegation of self-defence, since they who should have been Subjects, were manifestly the first assaulters of the King and the Laws, first by unsuppressed tumults, and then by listed Forces. His Loyal Subjects had the Word of God, the Laws of the Land, together with their own Oaths, requiring obedience to the King's just Command; but to none other under heaven, without or against him, in the point of raising arms. And those that would not be juggled out of their duty, they endeavoured to disgrace out of a capacity of an effectual performance of it, by a bold and notorious falsehood, viz. That there was not one godly man with the King, and, as God would have it, most of the eminent men in this County for his Majesty, were in as much repute with the people before the war for their piety (by the same token, that notwithstanding the partiality and the popular heats, wherewith the elections to that Parliament 1640. were carried in many places, most of them were Members of that Parliament) as they were after in disgrace with the Rabble for their Loyalty: For to avoid a scandal upon the King's government, and the individious consequences of maintaining too stiffly, even a just Liberty upon the Lord's day. We find Orders drawn up, and sent in a Petition to the King's Majesty, by john Harrington Esq. Custos Rotulorum, to be delivered by the Earl of Pembroke, Lord Lieutenant of that County. To the first of which we find subscribed, George Sydenam, Knight. Henry Berkley, Knight. And to the second. john Lord Pawlet. john Stawell. Ralph Hopton. Francis Doddington. As severe, though not so fantastical in that point, as the very Precisians themselves; for these are their words. May it please your Majesty to grant us some particular Declaration against unlawful Assemblies of Church-Ales, Clearks-Ales, and Bid-Ales, and other intolerable disorders, to the great contempt of Authority, and to uphold civil feasting between neighbour and neighbour in their houses, and the orderly and seasonable use of manly exercises and activities, which we shall be most ready to maintain, an even moderation between profaneness and nicety, between a licentiousness to do any thing, and a liberty to do nothing at all. In which temper, after unsufferable Imprisonments, rude Robberies (called after the German Mode, Plunder, from planum facere, to levelly or plane all to nothing, or pluming) unheard of Sequestrations, and at last, with much ado, a Composition (or paying (as we do sometimes Highwaymen) for his own estate) which besides the vast charge he was at, to have the favour of that Oppression, amounted to 1275 l. 00 00 For this is Recorded, Sir Henry Berkley of Tarlington in Sommersetshire. 1275 l. 00 00 He died Anno Christi 165 ... Aetatis 7 ... Tyrannidis 4. Being buried not without hope of his own, and his causes resurrection. Hic Decios Agnosce tuos magnae aemula Romae, Aut Prior hac, aut te his Scotia major adhuc. Unus Turma fuit Barclaius, copia solus, Una cum natis Agminis Instar erat. Sir WILLIAM BERKLEY. TO all these, I could add Sir William Berkley, whose Man was Governor of Virginia in the late times (when Princes were forced to go a Foot, and Servants Ride on Horseback) and he himself in these, when there have been made such orders for the improvement of the Plantation, as are inferior only to the rules given him for the first erection of it, which yet were none of the strictest; for otherwise, as Infants must be swathed not laced, so young Plantations will never grow, if straightened with as hard Laws as settled Commonwealths, though they proved the most effectual: those people giving no reason for that bitter, rather than false jest, spoken of one of our late Western Plantations (consisting most of dissolute people, Christian Savages among the Pagan Negroes) That it was very like unto England, as being spit out of the very Mouth of it. This Gentleman aiming at two things, that may do much good, and that is, 1. Justice in Dealings, witness the brave Edicts made at a Convention there 1662. That their dealings among the Negroes there, may be as naked as their going. 2. A Sober Religion [that may bless the Christians there, and convert the Heathens in one; of whom it is more to overcome Paganism, than to master an 100 Pagans] witness the very reasonable Proposals, made both for the supporting and propagating of Religion in that Country; for the maintenance of their Ministers, and the discipline of their Church, to the Right Reverend Father in God Gilbert then Lord Bishop of London, and since Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, who encouraged the prudential part of their design, in a way of great encouragement to the present generation, and of great blessing to posterity. Sir EDWARD BERKLEY. ANd from him it were pity to part his inseparable companion in Loyalty and Sufferings, Sir Edward Berkley, that living confutation of Machiavelli (who thought religion spoiled a generous person, as bad as a Shower of Rain doth his Plume of Feathers on a rainy day) being at once most pious, and most gallant, of as much humble devotion, as generous and daring valour; as meek towards God as he was brave towards an enemy; very well known for the hardness of his body, and more honoured for the generosity of his mind. First he learned to follow others, and afterwards to command himself, being so much the more happy in his providence forward, as had he gone farther in his experience backward; being as knowing himself, as he was happy in commanding others that were so. Extremely careful of his first erterprises, knowing that a Commanders reputation once raised, will keep its self up; like a round body, some force is required to set it up, though when it is up, it will move its self. Three things he abhorred in his followers. 1. Scoffing at Religion, a sin unusual, never a civil Nation in the world being guilty of it. 2. Useless: for either the scoffer believes what he scoffs at, and so he puts a great affront upon his conscience, or he doth not, and then it's in vain to cry down that Religion with raillery, that is supported so much by demonstration. And 3. Debauchery: being of Gustavus Adolphus, that true Soldier, as well as great Kings, temper, Who when he first entered Germany, and perceived how many women followed his Camp, some being Wives, for which they wanted nothing but Marriage; others Laundresses, though defiling more than they washed. At a Passage over a River, ordered the Bridge to be taken down, that these feminine impediments might not follow as soon as his Soldiers were over. Whereupon they made such panic shrieks as seized the Soldier's hearts on the other side the River, who vowed not to stir a foot, except with these their Baggage; which the King was forced to wink at for the present, smiling out his anger, and permitting now what he might, and did amend afterwards. But greatest Piety, the best Cause, the strictest Discipline, the most faithful Service may miscarry in this world, where we are sure no person can discern either the love or the hatred of the great Governor of the world, by any thing that is under the Sun. For he saw prosperous Villainy trampling on unhappy Allegiance, the best King lying down under the stroke of the worst Executioner; and himself forced to compound for his estate with those very Rebels he now scorned, and formerly defied, overcome in all things but his mind. For the note runs thus in that Record, which we are bound to forgive, but History will not forget. Sir Edward Berkley of Pull. Som. 0770 l. 00 00 In the primitive times, like these I write of, made up of suffering, when the surviving Christians endeavoured to preserve the memory of their Martyrs for imitation, and those few that escaped persecution, advanced the honour of Confessors for their encouragement; they had books called Dyptyches, because filled on both sides with holy Names; on the one side, of those that died in the great cause; on the other side, of those that suffered for it, being hardly thought by that wicked world worthy to live, and yet not so happy as to be suffered to die. I am sensible I could fill this Volume with those eminent Assertors of Loyalty, that are still alive of this Family to serve the Sovereign they suffered for, and the great Martyrs of it that sealed their Allegiance with their blood: but foreseeing a fair opportunity elsewhere to do them the utmost right I am able, that is, to give the world a faithful Narrative of their exemplary virtues, which though they may often times tempt to the liberty of a Panegyric, yet they still persuade, to as strict an observance of truth, as is due to an History. For that Pen expresseth good men most elegantly, that draweth their lives most faithfully. In the mean time: Let the very names of these worthy persons be Histories, their very mention carry with it a Chronicle. Sir MAURICE BERKLEK. ALthough (as my Lord Bacon observes, De Augmentatione Scientiarum, l. 2. c. 13.) Nature hath planted in all men fear, twisted together with the principles of self-preservation, as the great instrument of it; and wariness, as the great effect of fear. Although all things, as he saith, be, if we should look into them, full of Panic fear; nay, though retiredness added to caution, studiousness to retiredness, simplicity and innocency of behaviour added to studiousness, might have excused this Gentleman from the noise, and much more from the sufferings of the late times; yet the bare unhappiness of thinking Rationally, of wishing Loyally, of relieving Charitably, of endeavouring to keep the peace of his Country Prudently, cost him at Goldsmith-Hall, where lay The Treasures of wickedness, One thousand three hundred seventy two pounds deep, besides the several inroads made upon his Estate and Lands by the Garrison of Glooester, to which he would not Contribute freely, he was forced to submit patiently. And according to the method intimated in the Holy History, that what the Catterpillar left, the Canker-worm destroyed; what Gloucester left, Essex his Army swallowed; and what escaped them, Sequestration seized. RICHARD BERKLEY, Esq THE elegant variety of beings in the world, doth not more naturally conduce to the service of the world, than the admirable diversity of men's gifts and abilities doth serve the necessities of those times, and places to which they are appointed. The former Gentleman was so studious, that he might have been served as ulrick Fugger was (chief of the whole Family of the Fuggers in Auspurgh) who was disinherited of a great Patrimony only for his studiousness, and expensiveness in buying costly M. SS. and yet his very thoughts and meditations served his Majesty, giving great satisfaction to those that doubted, and as great directions and countenance to those that managed that Cause, which he called, The Supporting of the government of the world. This worthy personage was so active, that he would say often, That the greatest trouble to him was, that he could not think; and yet as corrected Quicksilver is very useful, so his reduced quickness became very serviceable to balance that of the Gloucester Officers, who were at once the most indefatigable at home, and the most troublesome abroad of any in England, and never so well met with, as by the vigilancy of this person, who would not be surprised, and his industry that could not be quiet. An un-experienced Sailer would think Ballast unnecessary, and Sails dangerous to a Ship; and ordinary men judge so stayed a man as Sir Maurice useless, and so nimble a man as this Esquire, not safe in great trust, while wise men look on an even lay of both as the best temper: but as some full word cannot be delivered of all that notion and sense with which it is pregnant, without variety of expressions; so this great spirit cannot be understood or made out, without the large Paraphrase of such a multitude of excellent Instances, as this place and method will not permit. Only according to the Spanish Proverb, Your a la soga, con el Calderin, Where goeth the Buckle, there goeth the Rope: When his Master Set, it was Night with him; and when his Majesty laid down his life, he was put to lay down for his livelihood, 0526 l. 00 00 As another of his name did 0020 00 00 though yet all these three had wherewithal to promote any Loyal Design that was offered, and to relieve any Cavalier that wanted, (their Houses being the common Sanctuaries for distressed Loyalty) whom they would see employed in a way suitable to their respective abilities, and subservient to the public design; not enduring that their houses should be Hospitals, or downright begging, a good Subjects calling. A Husbandman pretended, and made out his relation to Robert Groasthead Bishop of Lincoln, and thereupon was an humble Suitor to him for an Office about him: Cousin, [saith the Bishop to him] If your Cart be broken, I'll mend it; if your Plough old, I will give you a new one: But an Husbandman I found you, and an Husbandman I'll leave you. Neither must we omit Sir ROWLAND BERKLEY, of Cotheridge in the County of Worcester, OF whom, when he was pitched upon to manage a part of the Worcester Association, we may say, as Puterculus did of another, Non quaerendus erat quem eligerent, sed eligendus quis eminebat; being a steady man, that looked not at few things, but saw thorough the whole Systheme of Designs, and comprehended all the Aspects and Circumstances of it; putting Affairs, notwithstanding that they ran sometimes against his Bias, by some rubs of unusual impediments, into an easy and smooth course; using never one counsel any more than the Lord H. would one Stratagem twice: being (it is Hannibal's character inverted) excellent at using, keeping, and improving Advantages, as the foregoing Gentleman was at gaining them: And never coming on the Stage to act any Part but what he was so much Master of, as to come off with applause, as one that understood as well his own defects as abilities. Upon all occasions of the King's Armies withdrawing from those parts, he kept all places in such subjection to his Majesty, that at their return they found all things so well, that they wondered to see themselves there when elsewhere; a constant awe and love keeping those coasts loyal. — But it was so, As clocks once set in motion, do yet go, The hand being absent; or, as when the quill Ceaseth to strike, the string yet trembleth still. So grave and reserved a man might have escaped, but that the serious combination measuring other people by themselves, looked on those men as most dangerous that were most sober: His Estate indeed being so great, that it was malignant too; and as once a merry servant of his said (and by the way, his Service was such Preferment, and a Relation to him so much more than Wages from others, that he had as many ingenious Gentlemen to wait upon him for his divertisement, as others of his quality had meaner people for their service;) If they could find nothing else against him, surely they would sequester him for Original sin: At which, and his other vexations, being but a prisoner at large all the while, he was resolved not to be at leisure to seem sorrowful, that he might be the more serviceable; for though as the Tortoise keeps in his shell all the winter, so he retired in the sharpness of the late times; yet he had all occurrences waiting upon him, when he seemed not to take any notice of them. One asked a grave Matron, how her Maids came by so good Husbands, when they seldom went abroad? O, said she, good Husbands come home to them. That Text of Solomon, Fear God and the King, and meddle not with them that are given to change, cost him, they said, three thousand four hundred sixty odd pounds, blessing God for the benefits he hoped the King's good Subjects should receive from their bitter usage, which might prove wholesome Physic, God sanctifying the malice of enemies [the Serpents poison may be used as an Antidote] to do the office of a friend: And supplying loyalty as freely as he had paid for it; usually concluding his honest Discourses among friends, with these two sayings: Nothing undoeth us but security; and We may well spare our superfluities, to serve the King's necessities. To conclude, a man this so happy in his Invention, that in all his Loyal and Worthy Designs he was never at a loss, but so projected all his courses, that a second began commonly where the first failed, and he would fetch strength from that which succeeded not. A great observer of common occurrences, the result of which enabled him to Advise; and a religious one of extraordinary, especially, wonderful emergencies; for he thought, that the ordinary course of things declared the glory of God. The artificial mixture of them, was an instance of the art of God and Men, managing the subtle engine of the Universe. The alteration of them, as in a miracle, did discover the will of God, but the disturbance of nature, as in Prodigies, proclaimed approaching judgements; which made him serious, though not ensnared to those two credulous, and superstitious Principles, Fear and Ignorance, which usually manage and deprave men's conclusions and affections. Sir GEORGE BERKLEY. IT is reported, that in the last battle against the Turks for the defence of Christendom, there was such a slaughter of the French Gentry (engaged in that war, upon the French Kings motion to them one day in his Palace, that it was fitter they should appear in Arms against the enemies of Christendom, than in their Silks and Feathers among their Ladies) that there was hardly throughout all France a Family of quality that was not in Mourning. It's certain, that in the late, and we hope the last, controversy between the Government and the Faction, there fell such a share of the public calamities upon this Name (involved therein by their own Consciences, that permitted them not to sit down and enjoy their own Estates at home, while the State and Church were in so much danger abroad) that I find but one person of any eminency (and that is Alderman Berkley of London) of the name that suffered not, sooner or later, on the King's side. For not to mention Francis Berkley of London Gentleman, who no doubt might answer, as the mannerly Gentleman did King james, when he asked him, what Kin he was to such a Lord of his Name? Said, Please your Majesty, my elder Brother is his Cousien German: And might be owned, as once a Howard was by an honourable person of the name, under whom he was impressed; his Father interceding for his release, the Lord asked for his name, and when he replied, that his name was Howard (Said, That his Cousien Howards Son should not be a Foot-souldier; adding, we are not all born to be rich, though we are born to be great. This Gentleman, for his great happiness in conveying Intelligence from London to Oxford, travelling under the notions of a Pedlar and Chirurgeon, for forming Combination here for his Majesty, under the colour of Trade; for securing and relieving his Majesty's friends, for being one of them, that with Master john Fountain and others at London, who when they were demanded what they would be pleased to lend for the carrying on of the war? Answered, That it was against the Petition of Right to answer, Yea or Nay (whereupon Master Fountain was by the House committed to the Gatehouse, declaring, forsooth, against his judgement, lest it should draw on others to the like honest error) for endeavouring to publish every where the King's Papers and Declarations, to disabuse his Majesty's good Subjects. He was sixteen times Imprisoned, thrice Plundered, twice Banished, and glad to Compound for the poor remainder of his Estate, five hundred sixty two pounds four shillings and two pence. Nor Thomas Berkley of Worcester Gentleman, one of those happy men that are only to be found in England, living in the temperate Zone, between Greatness and Want (France and Italy, being in this case like a False Dye, which hath no points between Sink and Ace, Nobility and Peasantry) who deserved so well of his Majesty in his Person, in his Relation, and in his Estate, that he was forced, besides several irregular sums extorted from him, to lay down for his Loyalty in the Corban of the conspiracy Goldsmiths-hall, four hundred twenty six pounds fifteen shillings and six pence: A sum that deserves a mention; for we are resolved none shall be denied admittance to the Temple of Honour, who hath been at so great a charge to go through the Temple of Virtue. Nor Edmund Berkley of Hereford shire, the man that they said, wore Tinn in his Buttons, and Silver in his Pocket; who would say to those that frequented his hospitable Table, that he took care his meat should be good in its self, and better by the welcome to it, who would not contribute to the Rebellion, saying, His Purse should not bleed by every Mountebanks hand: And adding, that he saw the King twice, prayed for him always, and did not see any reason to fight against him, caring not whom he displeased, so he pleased his own Conscience; he went far, and his credit in taking up necessaries for the King's occasions, farther; in so much, that those whose eyes were evil on him, because his heart was good towards his Sovereign, besides the trouble they put him to, raised from him first or last eleven hundred and odd pounds, as an atonement for his Duty, and maintenance of their Treason. When they would needs raise the Country about him to take arms, and so neglect their husbandry and business, he put them in mind of the story in Plutarch (l. de virtutibus mulier:) A King having discovered rich Mines in his Kingdom, employed all his people in digging of them, whence tilling was wholly neglected, insomuch, that a great famine ensued. His Queen sensible of the calamities of the Country, invited the King her husband to dinner, as he came home hungry from overseeing his Workmen in the Mine. She so contrived it, that the bread and meat were most artificially made of gold, and the King was much delighted with the conceit thereof, till at last he called for real meat, to satisfy his more than imaginary hunger. Nay (said the Queen, if you employ all your Subjects in your Mines, you must expect to feed upon gold, for nothing else can your kingdom afford.) Nor Francis Berkley Gentleman, the Roscius of his time for imitation, being able to personate any man to the life, as to make any part become him, whereby he had a great advantage to disguise himself to serve his Majesty, as effectually as others did themselves to fight against him; he being, as King james said to Sir Henry Wotton (who had adventured to him to Scotland from the Duke of Tuscany disguised, with a Message about some Councils at Rome that concerned his life) upon his address to him, when he came to the Crown of England, The honestest hypocrite, and dissembling actor in the world. He could outact others at any time, but in one instance he out-acted himself; for putting on the vizard of an ingenuous poor man, he insinuated himself into the service of a Northern Postmaster, as dexterously as he had done himself to a Southern Committee; in which capacity he had a peculiar faculty of opening and sealing letters, and imitating any hand without being discovered. An honest sleight of hand, that got the King's party at times, as he reckoned, four thousand pounds, and twenty considerable advantages against the enemy in those parts, who thought that was conjuring, which was only dexterity; crying out that they were bewitched, when they were only out-witted. For these services he had the applause of his friends, and for others of less consequence, but more notoriety, he lost a third part of his estate, amounting to 900 l. to those people to whom his Master lost three kingdoms, giving the rest to pious uses, upon a sad accident that befell him, or not so much him, as his Pistol, which being laid on a Table, by chance went off and killed a Gentlewoman; whereupon, O the difference of divers men in the tenderness of their consciences! some are scarce touched with a wound, whilst others are wounded with a touch therein, he was so troubled, though it was done so much against his will, that it was without his knowledge, that, as his estate came in as long as he lived, he posted in his blue Waistcoat with a round sum to his Ghostly Father, being in pain till it was piously disposed, and taking the good course to make his own Eyes his Overseers, and his own Hands Executors, that as he had been by accident the occasion of the death of one person, he might be by choice an instrument of giving a comfortable living to many. I say, not to mention these and many more inferior persons of this Loyal name, that with young David, were ambitious of engaging in that cause with integrity, wherein the elder branches were involved with honour, the meanest of them carrying the Spaniards Motto, That they would be Slaves to None, and Subject only to their own Prince; being of an innocent temper, and an independent condition, the two felicities that concur in the making of a brave spirit, that need not ask leave to be honest. Sir George Berkley, than whom few that lived so many pious, lived withal so many sad days, having his life equally divided between his own and the Nations calamities, in which (being too serious and thoughtful a man to preserve his safety with the price of his conscience, and being better able to suffer than to fear) he was engaged first in his Vote and Suffrage, as one that dared to stand to his reason against his interest, more tender of the least trouble in his breast and conscience, than concerned in the greatest Tumults in the Street and City. Next, in his Withdrawing, leaving the House when the House forgot, and left that for which they were called together, designing to discountenance those practices with his absence, that he could not restrain by his presence; and after that in his contributions, supporting that Cause in the Field with his estate, that he had in vain endeavoured to have kept up in the Councils by his argument. He was able to maintain it with his purse, when he could not with his advice; and when he had opportunity with his personal service, both in raising men to serve his Majesty by reputation, and in disposing them advantageously by his prudence: He commanded but a little of the Army he was in, but all the Country he was of; having been a good Patriot, though not pretending to be a good Soldier; the greatest service he could do the King, was by the exemplariness of his conversation, which those of his own side might imitate, as they of the other side did envy, looking upon a godly Cavalier as a dangerous person; who confuted their slanders, and outdid in reality as much as they could pretend to, having the best way of honouring the King by fearing God, and being of opinion that they could not be faithful Subjects to the one, that were not conscientious Servants to the other; being so serious, that he was seldom seen to laugh, an observation made of his Saviour; and so solid, that he did as seldom dream, a remarkable note in the character of Bishop Lake. There is Village (called Charleton) in Leicester-shire, where the Inhabitants could not pronounce; there was a great Scholar in Cambridge (Master Mede * It was Demosthenes his case about the letter P. Mr. Mede could not for his life pronounce Carolus Rex Britannicae. saying, that he made up that in hearty prayers, that he wante● in plain prenunciation. by name) whose great abilities durst not adventure on; and another in the same University, who in a long Oration used not one R: Now the letter R is called the dogged and snarling letter. This person could not endure a base and unworthy expression of the worst-deserving of all the adversaries, because, though it became them well to hear ill, yet it did not become the other side to speak so; it being below a good cause to be defended by evil speaking, which might anger, but not convince; and discover the ill spirit of the party that managed the cause, instead of keeping up the merit of the cause that was managed. He was sad all his time, but grew melancholy in the latter end of it (conscience speaking than loudest, when men are able to speak least, and all sores paining most near night) (when he was not of Edward the II. mind, who looked upon all those as enemies to his Person, who reproved his Vices; but of Henry V. who favoured those most; when in years, and a King, that dealt most freely with him when young and a Prince.) A melancholy that was rather serious than sad, rather consideration than a grief; and his preparation for death, rather than his disease leading to it; wherein his losses were his greatest satisfaction, and his sufferings his most considerable comfort. Being infinitely pleased with two things, King Charles the Martyr's rational and heroic management of his Cause and Sufferings, and the People's being more in love with him and his cause since it miscarried, than when it prevailed● an argument he thought that it was reason and not power, something that convinced the conscience, and not something that men's estates or persons, that was both the ornament and the strength of the King's side; the reason he cheerfully paid three thousand five hundred and forty pounds for his Allegiance, as he had cheerfully kept to it; the only two instances of his life that pleased him. If any body demand, how he could suffer so much as he did at last, and do as much as he did at first; and how he could lay out so much to pious uses, whom it had cost so dear to be a good subject? The Spanish Proverb must satisfy him; That which cometh from above, let no man question. Though indeed he was so innocent in that age, that he could not be rich; and of the same temper and equal fortune with Judge Catiline (that Judge in Queen Elizabeth's time, that had a fancy full of prejudice against any man that writ his name with an alias, and took exception against one on this very account, saying, That no honest man had a double name, or came in with an alias. And the party asked him (as Cambden tells the story in his Remains) What exception his Lordship could take against jesus Christ, alias jesus of Nazareth.) A kinsman of whom having a cause in the Kings-bench, where he had been Lord Chief Justice, was told by the then Lord Chief Justice, That his kinsman was his predecessor in that Court, and a great Lawyer. And answered by the Gentleman thus, My Lord, he was a very honest man, for he left a small estate. There is one more of this name, Sir George Berkley too, who as it was his policy, that in all discourses and debates he desired to speak last, because he might have the advantage to sum up all the preceding discouses, discover their failures, and leave the impression of his own upon the Auditory. So it shall be his place to be the last in this short mention; in reference to whom, remembering the old saying, Praestat nulla, quam pauca dicere de Carthagine. Being not able to say much, I will not say little of him, this Gentleman's virtue forbidding a short and lame account of him: as severely as johannes Passeravicius Morositis in Thuanus (a good conceited Poet, and strangely conceited § Latin Professor in Paris. man) allowed not under the great curse, that his Hearse should be burdened with bad funeral verses. Sir George Berkley of Benton in the County of Somerset 450 l. 00 00 With 60 l. per annum settled. Only it will not be amiss to insert an honourable Person in this place, who though he appeared not with his Majesty so openly at first, yet acted cordially and suffered patiently for him to the last, I mean the Right Honourable, GEORGE Lord BERKLEY. Baron of Berkley, Mowgray, and Seagrave. ONe of those honest persons, that though ashamed of the King's usage in London, were sorry for the necessity of his removal out of it, which left the City liable to the impostures and practices, and his friends there obnoxious to the fallacies and violences of a Faction, that had all along abused, and now awed the King's liege people, that could not before, by reason of their pretences, discern what was right, nor now by reason of their power, own it. This noble person did not think it adviseable to go from Westminster, because his estate lay near the City, yet he served the King there, because his inclination (especially when he was disabused) was for Oxford. He was of his Majesty's opinion at the first Sitting of the Long Parliament, that to comply with the Parliament in some reasonable and moderate demands, was the way to prevent them from running into any immoderate and unreasonable. The stream that is yielded to run smoothly, if it be stopped, it foameth and rageth; but his honest nature being deceived in the confidence he had in others, whom he measured by himself (that is, the advantage the cunning man hath over the honest) pitied their unreasonableness, rather than repent of his own charity and hope; and ever after went along with them in accommodations for peace, but by no means concurred in any preparations for war; insomuch, that when he despaired of reason from the Houses, he was contented to deal with the particular Members of them, being willing to hearken to Master Waller, and some others Proposal, about letting in the King to the City, by an Army to be raised there, according to the Commissions brought to Town by the Lady Aubigney, when he could not open his way by the arguments used by him and others in the Convention. Being a plain and honest man, the factious papers and discourses took not with him, they were so forced, dark, canting and wrested. The King's Declaration being embraced, and as far as he durst, published and communicated by him, because clear, rational and honest. He might possibly sit so long at Westminster as to be suspected and blamed for adhering to the Rebellion, but he was really with the Earls of Suffolk, Lincoln, Middlesex; the Lords Willoughby, Hunsdon and Maynard, impeached at Westminster of High-treason, in the name of the Commons of England, for levying war against the King, Parliament and Kingdom. It may be thought a fault, that he vouchsafed the Juncto his company, when they debated any overtures of peace; but it was his commendation that he retired, when the Earl of Essex was Voted General, the King, the Bishops and Delinquents lands seized on, the New Seal made, the War prosecuted, etc. And appeared only to balance the Faction in such times as he might hope, either to bring things to some composure, or keep them from confusion; offering expedients, and protesting against extravagancies, especially in the two cases of declaring those that endeavoured the Restitution of the King's Majesty 1647, 1648. Traitors, and in the Vote That the Earl of Warwick should fight the Prince. These passages cost him a long Imprisonment under the Black-Rod, Sequestration from the House, and what he bewailed more, an utter incapacity of serving his Majesty, which he was very much afraid of ever since they had suffered the new model of the Army, the greatest error since the first of raising it: For ever after he lived to bewail the mischiefs of a Civil War, but not to see any hope of remedy. Most Children are notified by their Parents, yet some Fathers are made eminent by their Children, as Simon of Cyrene is known by this Character, the Father of Alexander and Rufus; and this honourable person by this happy Remark, that he was Father to the Right Honourable George Lord Berkley, who hath been as bountiful to the Church of England, and its suffering Members of late (witness Doctor Pearson, Doctor Fuller, etc.) as his Honourable Ancestors were to the same Church and its devout Members formerly; when there were twelve Abbeys of their erection, which enjoyed twenty eight Knights-fees of their donation: That Noble Family now, as well as then, deserving to wear an Abbot's Mitre for the Crest of their Arms, so loving they have been always to the Clergy, and so ready to build them Synagogues, and endow them, not only with worthy maintenance, but with eminent Incumbents, such whose gifts the Church wanted more than they its Incomes: Honest men in the worst of times, finding him their Patron; and ingenious men in the best of times, enjoying him at once their encouragement; and their example, being happy to a great degree in that ingenuity himself, that he doth so much promote in others. May there never want Worthy Men, that may deserve such a Noble Patron; and may Noble Persons never be wanting, that may encourage such Worthy Men. To conclude this honourable Name, whose Eulogies grow upon our affectionate Pens, well may this faithful Family fill their Coat (that was Originally, as is conceived, a plain, and therefore noble Cheverens) with ten Crosses Patle Or: As well in memory of their faithful service in the last Just War here at home, as for the memorial of their Ancestors Achievements in the old Holy War in Palestine (where Harding the Progenitor relieved the Christians at joppa against the Turks, with as much resolution and integrity, as they did the Protestants here against those which were so much worse than Infidels, as they pretended to be better than Christians) or their patronage of afflicted virtue and goodness, in that which some called peace, but was indeed a solitude and devastation in England: For but observe this remarkable passage, I know not [it is a Paragraph of the Church Historian] which more to admire [speaking of john Trevisa's Translation] his ability that he could, his courage that he durst, or his industry that he did perform so difficult and dangerous a task, having no other Commission than the command of his Patron Thomas Lord Berkley; which Lord (as the said Trevisa observeth) had the Apocalypse in Latin and French (then generally understood by the better sort) as well as English, written on the Roof and Walls of his Chapel at Berkley, and which not long since (viz. Anno 1622.) so remained, as not much defaced. Whereby we may observe, that midnight being past, some early Risers, even than began to strike fire and enlighten themselves from the Scriptures. It may seem a miracle, that the Bishops being thus busy in persecuting Gods Servants, and Trevisa so obnoxious to them for this Translation, that he lived and died without any molestation. Yet other of his Speeches, That he had read how Christ had sent Apostles and Priests into the world, but never any Monks or begging Friars. But whether it was out of respect to his own aged gravity, or respect to his Patron's greatness, he died full of honour, quiet, and age; blessing the noble Family (as Ockam said to Frederick Duke of Saxony) with his works, and the good they did in the world, as it protected him with its power in the good it did to him. In Illustrissimam Berkleiorum Familiam. Ortu magna domus, meritis major, Regibus oriunda in regum subsidium magnos majoribus debet honores, majores reddit, ipsum nobilitans honorem. Longas stemmatis tractus, adauget longioribus virtutem, magnifice bona, & benigne grandis. Cui contigit id quo nec fortuna magna majus habet, nec bona melius nempe benefacere posse quantum vellit, & velle quantum possit. Quae cum undiquaque summa sit, non est quod optemus nisi sit & Perpetua. THE Life and Death OF Mr. JOHN DOD. AFTER so many honourable persons that could do so much for his Majesty, here's a Reverend Person that could suffer for him; one that was not overfond of the Government when it prospered, but faithful to it when it suffered, declaring as zealously against the scandalous Rebellion of the Puritans, as he had done for their pretended Religion, the Nonconformist Cavalier. One that bewailed his own scruples, and persuaded all men to have a care of them. Insomuch, as that when Bishop Brownrigge in his younger days went to him for his advice, he wished him, and other hopeful men, not to ensnare themselves into uselesseness. In the midst of troublesome times, he quietly withdrew himself to heaven. He was born at Shotledge in Cheshire (the youngest of seventeen Children) bred in Westchester, and jesus College in Cambridge. At a Disputation at one Commencement he was so facetiously solid (wild, yet sweet fruits which the stock brought forth before grafted with grace) that Oxford-men there present, courted him home with them, and would have planted him in their University, save that he declined it. He was a Passive Nonconformist, not loving any one the worse for difference in judgement about Ceremonies, the better for their unity of affections in Grace and Goodness: He used to retrench some hot spirits when envying against Bishops, telling them how God under that government had given a marvellous increase to the Gospel, and that godly men might comfortably comport therewith, under which Learning and Religion had so manifest an improvement. He was a good Decalogist, and to his dying day (how roughly soever used) stuck to his own judgement, of what he had written on the fifth Commandment, of obedience to lawful Authority. Some riotous Gentlemen, casually coming to the Table of Sir Anthony Cope in Hanwell, were half-starved in the midst of a Feast, because refraining from Swearing (meat and drink to them) in the presence of Master Dod of these, one after dinner ingeniously professed, that he thought it had been impossible for himself to forbear Oaths so long a time. Here at Mr. Dod (the stame of whose zeal turned all accidents into fuel) fell into a pertinent and seasonable discourse (as more better at occasionals) of what power men have more than they know of themselves to refrain from sin, and how active Gods restraining grace would be in us to bridle us from wickedness, were we not wanting to ourselves.; Being stricken in years, he used to compare himself to Samson when his hair was cut off. I rise, saith he, in the morning as Samson did, and think, I will go out as at other times, Go, Watch, Walk, Work, Study, Ride, as when a young man; but alas! he quickly found an alteration, and so do I, who must stoop to age, which hath clipped my hair, and taken my strength away. Being at Holdenby, and invited by an honourable Person to see that stately house, built by Sir Christopher Hatton (the Masterpiece of English Architecture in that age) he desired to be excused, and to sit still, looking on a flower which he had in his hand. In this flower (saith he) I can see more of God, than in all the beautiful buildings in the word. And at this day, as his flower is long since withered, that magnificent pile (that fair flower of art) is altogether blasted and destroyed. It is reported, he was but coarsely used by the Soldiers, who (they say) plundered him of his Linen and Householdstuff, (though as some tell me) if so disposed, he might have redeemed all for a very small matter. However the good man still remembered his old Maxim, Sanctified afflictions are good promotions. And I have been credibly informed, that when the Soldiers brought down his Sheets out of the Chamber, into the Room where Mr. Dod sat by the fireside, he (in their absence to search after more) took one pair, and clapped them under his Cushion whereon he sat, much pleasing himself after their departure that he had (as he said) Plundered the Plunderers, and by a lawful felony saved so much of his own to himself. This good man, whom Nature made a witty, Industry a learned, and Grace a godly Divine, was first wrought to a seriousness, by a false charge upon him by the College Bowcer, that ●e owed for some of his Pupils Quarterage, what he had truly paid; a charge that put him to a Fever (and with the consideration of that passage Rom. 7. the Law is spiritual, and I am carnal, sold under sin; and that (as he said) he neither did, nor knew how to pray) brought him to a sense of his sin and state, and after much humiliation, to a comfortable adherence to God in the Lord Jesus, according to the sure mercies of the Covenant of grace: And when his ways pleased the Lord, this adversary desired to be admitted to peace with him, recollecting the payment of the money, and proving ever after the most faithful friend he had in all the College. And afterwards improved to an Eminence, by assisting Dr. Fulke, Dr. Whitacre, and Mr. Chadderton in an Analysis and Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews, and other the hardest portions of Scripture; and after a nonplus in his first Sermon at St. Mary's, by tying himself to Words and Phrases, by observing this Method, viz. I. Analizing his Text, and observing, 1. The Author. 2. The occasion. 3. The Coherence. 4. The Scope, Design and Circumstances; which he said was a great help to avoid confusion, to prevent impertinence, and to remedy the weakness of capacity and memory in Preachers and Hearers, provided the division of the words were according to his direction. 1. Agreeable to the main drift of the words. 2. Into but three or four parts at the most. 3. Yet taking in the whole Text. 4. And that so, that each part may depend upon, be linked to another. 5. Avoiding subdivisions. And 6. Expressing the parts more or less in clear and popular terms. II. Opening it with these rules. 1. That there is but one literal sense of the Scripture. 2. That if there were no peculiarity in the Phrase, a short Paraphrase was best. 3. That the Text is to be first accurately divided, and then clearly explicated. 4. That the Doctrine should be raised from each head as it was explained. And that either, 1. Grammatically, by either having recourse to the Originals, or observing the Synonimous expressions: Or, 2. Rhetorical, by reducing improper expressions to a proper signification: Or 3. Logical, by distinguishing doubtful expressions, and defining the obscure. And all, 1. With a respect to the Analogy of faith in the Lord's Prayer, the Decalogue, the Apostles Creed, and the Doctrine of the Sacraments. 2. Reduceing each observation to a certain head or common place of Divinity. 3. Keeping to the primary scope and mind of the spirit in the place. 4. Comparing spiritual things with spiritual, and one place of Scripture with another, like or unlike it; but always the more obscure by the more perspicuous. 5. Keeping an eye upon the context and the circumstances thereof. And taking in 6. The consentient Interpretation of the Catholic Church, and the most eminent men that were acquainted with Gods will in it, seldom perplexing the people with variety of Expositions of the same Text. III. Drawing out the several Doctrines of the Text, either directly from the express words of the Text, or indirectly, 1. From the Coherence. 2. The Occasion. 3. The Principal Scope. 4. The Form. 5. The Order. 6. The Connexion. 7. The Variety of the words signification. 8. The Matter, whether Ecclesiastical, Aeconomical, or Political. 9 The Similitute, Gal. 4. 12. 10. From Allegorical Proportions which are to be used. 1. Soberly and sparingly. 2. Not far fetched, but proper. 3. Briefly. 4. Rather for the reforming of the life, than the proving of any Article of Faith. 5. And after the genuine sense of the word be first sincerely given. 11. From the Circumstance of Time, Person, Place. 12. From Examples wherein it must be observed. 1. That Examples are in their kinds, Rules, 1 Cor. 10. 11. Rom. 4. 18, 23. 2. That whatever good men did as Christians, or Saints, we are bound to do. 3. That whatever they did, as endued with a special calling or a peculiar gift, all persons called to the same calling, and blessed with the same gift, are bound to do. 4. That whatever good men did ordinarily, must be imitated ordinarily, and what upon especial occasions must be followed upon those special occasions. IV. Handling the Doctrines so drawn out. 1. By way of probation; and that, 1. By testimonies of Scripture and other Authors; in reference to which he practised these Rules: 1. Each Doctrine was grounded on two Scripture testimonies at least, which he opened and applied. 2. Each Quotation was well studied. 3. And produced in the Scripture phrase, and therefore read out of the Bible. 4. Choice, and clear. 5. One out of the Old Testament, another out of the New, seldom out of the Apocrypha, unless for institution of manners. 6. With a Preface, showing the end of each Quotation. 7. The Quotation of Fathers, Philosophers, Schoolmen, Historians, was choice and sparing, only when there might be such an Emphasis in the place, as might touch and work upon the conscience, by reasons which he urged (not in respect of the matter to be proved, for that stood firm enough upon God's testimony, but of the Auditor's weakness, whose faith was to be established) some concluding, others only illustrating, all grounded on the Scripture, and applied distinctly to the respective members of the Doctrine. V. How artificially would he intimate his Observations in his Expositions! How orderly would he dispose of them according to the respective Members of his Divisions! How pithily would he dispatch his less principal Points; which he showed his people he observed, but could not handle; discoursing his more Principal ones in the order he raised them, and dispatching one before he meddled with the other! How solidly, pithily, and prudently, he deduced his Proposition (waving all vain, tedious, or controverted subjects) in clear Scripture-expression! How sweetly would he paraphrase, and insinuate them to the Auditors! How seasonably would he insist upon the Points most agreeable to the present time and place! Being thus furnished, this excellent Person first bestowed his pains weekly among the good People of Ely; then, upon his great success there, he was recommended by Mr. Chadderton (who kept an Office as it were for the supply of Patrons, Schools, and other places with hopeful young men) to Mr. Cope, afterwards Sir Anthony, at Hanwell in Oxfordshire; and after twenty years' continuance there (where, upon his seven first Sermons, he was with the joint consent of Bishop, Patron, and People, legally established) preaching constantly every Lord's day in the morning, catechising in the afternoon, keeping hospitality Sundays and Wednesdays, giving himself much to fasting and prayer; and upon his Father-in-law Greenham's advice to him (when he went to complain of the opposition he met with) viz. Queting for it 1 Pet 1. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which he conceived to signify affliction that trieth saith; saying, that the word especially should be rendered exploratorum rather th●● explorate, Son, Son, when affliction lieth heavy, sin lieth light; a saying Mr. Dod made use of to his dying day, professing that it did him a great deal of good, bearing afflictions patiently; being wont to say, that sanctified afflictions are great promotions. He removed to Fenny-Compton in Warwickshire; and thence, upon some discontent between him and Bishop Neal, to Cannons-Ashbie in Northamptonshire, where he obliged most of the Gentry of that greatest County of Gentlemen in England; and thence he was invited by Mr. Richard Knightley to Tansley in the same County, where his Hospitality and Charity grew so with his Estate, that there was not a poor body left in his Neighbourhood, he having set them all in a way to live. A Father (who shall pass nameless) is censured by some for his over-curiosity in his conceit, rather than Comment, Matth. 5. 2. And he opened his mouth, and taught them; for Christ (saith he) taught them often when he opened not his mouth, by his example, miracles, etc. Here I am sure, according to Mr. Dod, when his mouth was shut (prohibited preaching) instructed almost as much as before, by his holy demeanour, and pious discourse. A good Chemist, who could extract Gold out of other men's lead; and how loose soever the promises of other men's discourse, piety was always his natural and unforced conclusion inferred thereupon. He had much employment in comforting such as were wounded in their spirits; being sent for not only nigh at home, but also into remote Countries. There was a Gentlewoman who had a great worldly Estate, and a loving Husband, but she was so sadly assaulted with tentations, that she often attempted to make away herself. Mr. Dod was sent for to come to her, and the Lord so blessed his Counsels, Exhortations, and Prayers, that she did not only recover out of her anguish of spirit, but she was afterwards taken notice of for her singular piety; and the Lord so ordered, that this affliction was not only the means of her conversion, but also of her Husbands; so that both of them were a great mercy in the Country where they lived, promoting Religion according to their power, and entertaining and cherishing godly people: She lived divers years quieted in her heart, and being rich in good works; and when she lay on her deathbed, Mr. Dod was sent for to her again, who spoke of Heaven, and to fit her for that Glory: She told him, that she felt the comforts of God, and that she could as hardly at that time forbear singing, as formerly in childbearing she could forbear crying; and shortly after she died. There was a Gentleman related to a Noble Family, so perplexed in his mind, that he hath been known in hard frosts to go barefooted, that the pain of his feet might divert his thoughts. Master Dod was sent for to him, who was his spiritual Physician to heal him. He always expected troubles, and prepared himself for them; and put this difference between the affliction for which we are provided, and others; that the one are but blows on the harness, but the other are blows on the flesh. Upon a time when an affliction was upon him, which went to his very heart, and in the expectation whereof he wept; yet when he saw that it was the will of God that it should be so, he said to one whom he loved, I will go and bless God, for I believe this shall be for my good. He gave himself much to fasting and prayer; and when he fasted, his custom was to abstain from the dinner of the day before, to the supper of the day after, his diseases being mostly Fevers; in one of which, when his Physician Dr. Oxenbridge said to him, Well, now I have hope of your recovery; he answered, You think to comfort me by this, but you make my heart sad; it is, as you should tell one who had been sore weatherbeaten on the Sea, and conceiving that he was arrived at the Haven where his soul longed to be, that he must come back again to be tossed with new winds and waves. In his greater health and prosperity, he would speak how he desired to be dissolved: Upon a time a Gentleman blamed him for it; saying, He liked not servants who would have their wages before they had done their work; But he seemed to be constant in this desire, alleging these reasons among others, That God had given him a settled assurance of Heaven, and a sight of the excellency of Heaven; and that the Earth was but a prison, and Heaven the Palace; and there was perfect holiness and happiness. He took all occasions to do good when he was in company, by godly speeches seasoning those which came to him, that unless it were their own fault, they might be the better for him. Being invited to a great Feast, where there were sundry Gentlemen, and some of them began to swear, he stopped them by discoursing of the greatness of that sin; and that he might not burden their memories, he quoted three Chapters, every one was the first; as, the first of Zachary, the first of Matthew, and the first of james; and he opened those Scriptures in such sort, that they were all hushed, and did not again offend in that kind while he was present amongst them. The Word of God was his great delight, his meditation was of it in the night, and his discourse in the day. When those that were with him were speaking of earthly things, he would find out some way to bring in Heavenly. When he could not sleep in the night, he would say, That the meditation of the Word was sweeter to him than sleep. When he had preached twice on the Sabbath, and was a weary, yet to those that came to him, he would go on afresh in holy Discourses; and the comforts which he found in his soul, made him sometimes forget his body, that he hath been speaking till he was ready to faint. His eminency was in frequency, aptness, freeness, and largeness of godly discourse; in which respect it may be said of him, that in the Country where he lived, none were known who therein were equal to him. But he was, There cans inter omnes, velut inter ignes luna minores. He was very merciful himself, and to move Parents that were rich to mercy, he would say thus: You are caring and contriving to lay up for your children; but lay up for yourselves a good foundation against the time to come, being rich in good works; you will lay up treasure in the earth, which is an unsafe place, lay up treasure in Heaven, that is the sure and safe place. Master Throgmorton, an approved good man, dying the same year of a Consumption, came to Asby, not far from Tansley, to have the help of Master Dod's comforts and counsels; he was oppressed with melancholy, and a little before he gave up his soul to Christ, What can ye say of him that is going out of the world, and can find no comfort? To whom he answered, What will you say of our Saviour Christ, who when he was going out of the world found no comfort, but cried out, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? This speech refreshed Master Throgmorton, and within a little space of time after this, he went to his heavenly Inheritance. Master Dod, as he was of a weaned disposition from the World himself: so he laboured to wean others. He put this difference between rich Christians and poor, That for poor Christians their Father kept the purse; but the rich Christians keep the purse in their own hands: But it might oftener fall out, and did, and therefore the purse was better in the Father's hand than in the Christians. He was wont to compare wicked men to waves of the Sea; those which were of a great Estate, were great waves; those which were of small estate, were small waves; but all were restless as waves. To a friend of his, that raised from a mean estate to worldly greatness, he sent word, That this was but as if he should go out of a Boat into a Barge or Ship, but there ought to be a serious and godly remembrance, that while we are in this world we are upon the sea. He often repeated this, That nothing could hurt us but our own sins, and they should not hurt us, if we truly repented for them; and nothing could do us good but God's favour, and that we should be sure of, if we unfeignedly sought it. Speaking of David's penning the 51. Psalms, after his murder and adultery, put this gloss upon it, That hearty and true repentance shall have cause to praise the Lord for his pardoning mercy. He said, Afflictions were Gods Potions, he might sweeten by faith and faithful prayer; but we for the most part made them bitter, putting into God's cup the ill ingredients of our own impatience and unbelief. He gave this reason why many of God's people lived uncomfortably, for that they shut their ear against what God said, where they should open it; and they opened their ear to what their carnal reason, and Satan, and the world said, where they should shut it: but (said he) the Psalmist was wiser, Psal. 85. 8. he would hear none of them all, I will hear what the Lord God will speak. His Preaching was searching, and when some did suppose that he had Informers and Spies, because he came so close to them; he answered, That the Word of God was searching, and that if he was shut up in a dark Vault, where none could come at him; yet allow him but a Bible and a Candle, and he should Preach as he did. He had an excellent gift in similitudes, which did flow freely and frequently from him, as all those knew, who either heard him Preach publicly, or discourse privately. He called Death the friend of Grace, though it were the enemy of Nature, and whereas the Word, and Sacraments, and Prayer, do but weaken sin, death builds it. Speaking of prayer, he said, a man was never in a hard condition, unless he had a hard heart, and could not pray. Having Preached out of that Text, O woman, great is thy faith, be it unto thee even as thou wilt. He invited some women to Dinner, and told them it was a usual saying, Let a Woman have her will, and then she shall be quiet. Now the way for a woman to have her will, is to have a strong faith, and to pray as that woman in the Gospel did. Upon a time, when he had Preached long, so that it was somewhat late before he went to dinner, he said, You shall have some Gentlemen will follow Hounds from seven in the morning, till four or five in the afternoon, because they love the cry of Dogs, which to me was unpleasant hearing. So if we love the Word, we should be content, though the Minister stood above his hour. And he added, me thinks it much better to hear a Minister preach, than a Kennel of Hounds to bark. Speaking of recreation, he said, he marvelled what the vocation of many was, who were so eager for recreation. And if we should come into a house, and see many Physick-boxes and Glasses, we would conclude some body is sick. So when we see Hounds, and Hawks, and Cards, and Dice, we may fear there is some sick soul in that Family. He told some friends, that if he were to pass sentence who was a rich man, he would not look into his Purse or Chest, how much gold he had laid up, but look into his heart, what promises were treasured up there. For we count him rich that is rich in bonds, and the pleading of the promises in prayer, is suing of the bonds. Speaking to a Minister, who was to go to a place where there was but small means, he told him, That his care was to Preach, and do God service, and then God would provide for him. When he preached at Fausley, & was much resorted unto, he told a godly man of his acquaintance, that if the Country knew so much by him, as he knew by himself, they would not have him in so much admiration. Speaking about going to Law, his opinion was, that it was better to buy Love than Law; for one might have a great deal of Love for a little, whereas he could have but a little Law for a great deal. He would frequently say, that was not well, which ended everlastingly ill, and that a man was never undone till he was in hell. This was a Speech which he often used, that if it were lawful to envy any, he would envy those that turned to God in youth, whereby they escape much sin and sorrow, and were like unto jacob, that stole the blessing betimes. He died (praying heartily for the King, and declaiming as heartily against the Rebellion, that would make such a breach in this State; and be such a scandal to this Church, as the Child unborn should rue and bewail. Anno Christi 1645. Aetat. suae 96. Hic Jacet & faceta virtus, pietasque pacisica. Quae totam, duobus verbis absolvit vitam. Nempe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: sustine & abstine. THE Life and Death OF BARON TREVOR: WE remember, when Oratory and Faction had attained here the same height that a Learned Man observeth, they had attained at Rome together, (for Speeches and Sedition are inseparable companions.) It was reckoned a acquaint strain upon Mr. Prynne, Bastwick, and Burtons' sufferings to say, History of Parliament. p. 79. That it seemed to many Gentlemen, a spectacle no less strange than sad, to see three of several professions, the noblest in the kingdom, Divinity, Law, and Physic, exposed at one time to such ignominious punishment, forsooth: And truly we are at present under a great doubt, whether it was a more sad, or a more pleasant sight, to see so many eminent men, of all these and other ingenious professions, act so cheerfully, and suffer so patiently for that Government, which those beforementioned, endeavoured first to disgrace, and at last to overthrow. First, debauching men from their love and reverence to Superiors, by exposing them to scorn and contempt; and next, from their duty to them, by opposing and fight them. There went immediately before, a very Reverend Divine, that in the midst of many discouragements, zealously descried the resistance of the Supreme and Lawful power, as against Conscience: And now he is followed by a worthy Lawyer, that eagerly opposed any thing that tended to it, as against Law. Sir Thomas Trevor was born july the 6. 1586. (a day memorable in that Family for the birth of six successives principal branches of it, born upon it) with this remarkable occurrence, That whereas most other Children are born to this sad world crying, he was observed to smile almost as soon as born, an argument of the cheerful temper he was of, until he died. His Temper lead him to the active ways of a Soldier, or a Courtier, but his judgement carried him to the more studious employment of a Lawyer, wherein he promised great proficiency from that towardliness at School, that never deserved correction, and success in the University, that never failed of applause; in both such strong parts, that his Master would say of him, This Boy hath not the patience to stay at the words in Authors, he is so inquisitive after the thing. And his Tutor, That he had a strange Natural Logic. Saint Rumbald [I write what I read, not what I believe] as soon as he came out of his Mother's womb falling into the Church's bosom, cried three times the first minute of his life, I am a Christian; made a confession of his Faith, desired to be Baptised, chose his Godfathers, his Name, and his Font. This the fable, the moral shall be the early seriousness of this person; seriousness and devotion, being of Vives his opinion, that a pious Youth resisting its own temptations, and allaying its own heat, makes a comfortable and a serviceable Age, neither sad with a man's own remembrances of younger follies, nor useless by the disgrace of others observing of them. Many men are lost in their more reduced years, by reason of the scandal of their younger ones. Though the light when grown, pours fuller streams, it's yet more precious in its virgin beams; and though the third and fourth may do the cure, the eldest tear of the Balsam is most pure. One of Seneca's few men you have here, Qui consilio se suaque disponunt, caeteri eorum more qui fluminibus innatant, non eunt, sed feruntur. And the rather was he pious, because he would say often that sentence of Cicero, Pietas justitia quaedam est adversus deos, pietate sublata, fides etiam, societas humani generis, & una excellentissima virtus justitia imo omnis probitas tollitur. And because he observed that the difficulties of this study was not to be overcome without the quietness of heart, and composedness and calmness of mind, that all men aim at, and good men only enjoy. Happy was the mixture of heat and moisture in his head; the later serving his memory and judgement, and the former his apprehension and fancy, that at once pierced into the depth, and look round all the little circumstance of Cases; to which his wary distrust, patient consideration, and slow conclusion and determination, contributed much; being used to say, That we could not have too little faith as to any thing proposed to us in this world, nor too much for the things offered us in reference to another World: Comparing the failures of his memory to the fluxes of his body, both arguing the weakness of the retentive faculty; there being seldom a discourse wherein, with Curio the Orator in Tully, he either added not some head he had not thought on, or omitted a point he had: he finding true that passage of Seneca; Res est ex omnibus partibus maxime delicata memoria in quam primum senectus incurrit, frigido jam incalescente, & exarescente cerebro. His smooth contexture of Discourse and flowing speech; his command of himself and temper, seldom either disordering himself, or disturbing his Argument with perturbation of mind, although disturbance would heat him sometimes to an improvement of his Eloquence; insomuch, that (as it was reported of Severus Cassius, that would do best ex tempore) his Antagonists were afraid to anger him who had most wit in his anger, as much as Aristotle observeth, others designed to provoke their Adversaries, that they might interrupt them. So weighty, though not bold, his Assertions; so choice, though not nice, his Speech; for the niceness of words breaks the weight of * Verborum minutiae rerum frangunt pendera. A. Gel. Arguments; so plain his dealing; so becoming and grave his Carriage and Address, and so entire his Reputation, that besides several reposed in him by several Noblemen, he was made Solicitor to King Charles the I. when King; by the wise King james, upon the Earl of Pembroke and Bishop William's recommendation, and in the first year of the said King, made Sergeant, and preferred Kings Sergeant (Sir john Walter then and he giving Rings with this Inscription, Regi Legi servire Libertas;) and the same year one of the Barons of the Exchequer; in which place he was tender of two things, the Churches, and the King's Rights; having never (as we heard) taken Fee, when a Pleader either of an Orthodox Minister, or of a King's Servant. The first Books of the Law he would recommend to young Students, was the Historical, as the years and terms of Common-law, permitting Finch, Dodderidge, Fortescue, Fulbeck and others, that writ of the nature of the Law; among which Books, the * Called Registrum Cancellariae. Register is authentic, Speculum justitiariorum is full and satisfactory, Glanvill de Legibus & consuetudinibus Regni Angliae, is useful and practical, the Old Tenors tried and approved, Bracton methodical, rational and complete; Britton learned and exact, though his Law in some cases be obsolete and out of date; Fleta, deep and comprehensive; Fortescue, sinewy and curious; Stuthams' Abridgement, well contrived, and of ready use; Littleton's Tenors, sound, exact, and the same thing to us Common Lawyers, that justinian's Institutes is to Civil Lawyers (Littleton being deservedly said not to be the name of a Lawyer, but of the Law it self;) Fitz-herberts' Abridgement, and Natum brevium, Vide Epist. Coci. & Commeatar, in Littlen on, Ployden's Comment. 5. 8. 6 elaborate and well-digested Collections; Doctor and Student: A good account of the nature, grounds, and variety of Laws; Stamford's Pleas of the Crown and Prerogative, weighty smart, and methodical: Rastals Book of Entries, and the Lord Brooks' Abridgement, commended by my Lord Cook as good repertories of the year-books of the Law; Theobalds' Book of Writs, sound and full; the next explanatory Books were the next; in which kind, a Institutes, Exposition of Magna Charta, and other Ancient Statutes, Pleas of the Crown, jurisdiction of Courts, Books of Entry and Reports Books of which it might be said, ●s it was said of Plutarch in another respect, that if all Law were lost, it might be found in him. Cooks Works, and Ployden's Commentaries pass for Oracles, and Mr. Lambards' Books for the most exquisite Antiquities; and in the third place, Reports; among which, those of Cook and Crook, are profound, fundamental, and material; those of Popham, Hobart, Owen, Hutton, Winch, Lea, Hetley, Leonard Brownlow, Bulstrode, Yeluerton, Bridgeman, are sinewy, clear, pertinent, useful and approved; and especially a man must have the Year-books and Statutes. His Counsel to the King was with the like freedom as these directions to the young Gentlemen; and his Judgement on the Bench, with as much faithfulness as either. The English in a year of great mortality amongst them, had their children born without their cheek-teeths: This Judge especially in sad times, and in a sad case, would have all Plead without biting; his Nature was pitiful and ingenuous; insomuch, that he might be called, as Tostanus was, The Patron of Infirmities. His Discourse was always charitable, either to excuse their failings, or mitigate their punishments. The favour he showed others, he found not himself: His concurring with his Brethren about Ship-money, being aggravated with the most odious circumstances, and punished with the severe usage of a Prison, a Fine, and the losing of his Place; a great argument certainly of his Integrity, that in a searching Age, he that had been Judge near upon twenty years, could be found guilty of no fault, but avowing the Law according to his Judgement, and being of opinion, That the King, in case of danger, whereof he was judge, might tax the Nation to secure its self. An opinion so innocent, that Justice Hutton himself, who went to his grave with the reputation of an honest Judge, would protest he could heartily wish true, it being as much for the Interest of the Nation, as it seemed to him against the Law of it: So legal, that Baron Denham, though he was sick and could not debate it with his Brethren, and something scrupulous that if he had been there, he could not have agreed with them: yet it appears his dissent was not from his apprehension of the injustice of the Tax, called Ship-money, in general, but from some particular irregularity in the proceeding with Mr. Hampden in particular; as appears from this Certificate, dated May 26. 1638. directed to the Lord Chief Justice Brampston. May it please your Lordship, I Had provided myself to have made a short Argument, and to have delivered my Opinion with the Reasons; but by reason of want of rest this last night (my old Disease being upon me) my sickness and weakness greatly increased, insomuch as I cannot attend the business as I desire; and if my opinion be desired, it is for the Plaintiff, john Denham: And this reason added to it, That he thought His Majesty could not seize on any Subjects Goods, without a Court-Record, etc. And so harmless, that it was but twenty shillings that Hampden paid with all this ado, after Monarchy and Liberty was brought to plead at the Bar. And Judge Crook himself (who was one that dissented from his brethren's opinions about Shipmoney, though he had once subscribed it, by the same token that the People would say at that time, That Ship-money might be had by Hook, it should never be had by Crook) would say of Hampden, That he was a dangerous man, and that men had best take heed of him. Remarkable here the difference between His Majesty's temper and the Parliaments; they punished five of the Judges (for that very liberty of opinion which they themselves asserted under the notion of Liberty of Conscience) that voted against their Sentiments, severely: The King entertained those two that voted against his Judgement and Interest too with respect, the one dying with a Character from his Master, of an upright man; and the other being dismissed upon his own earnest Petition, with the honour of having been a good Servant; as is evident from this humble Petition of his to His Majesty. To the Kings Most Excellent Majesty: The humble Petition of Your Majesty's humble Servant George Crook, Knight, one of the justices of Your Bench; Humbly showeth, THat he having by the Gracious Favour of Your Majesty's late Father of blessed Memory, and of Your Majesty, served Your Majesty, and your said late Father, as a Judge of Your Majesty's Court of Common-Pleas, and of Your Highness' Court called the Kings-Bench, above this sixteen years, is now become very old, being above the age of 80 years: and by reason of his said age, and dullness of hearing, and other infirmities, whereby it hath pleased God to visit him, he findeth himself disabled any longer to do that Service in your Courts, which the Place requireth, and he desireth to perform; yet is desirous to live and die in your Majesty's Favour: His most humble Suit is, That your Majesty will be pleased to dispense with his further Attendance in any your Majesty's Courts; that so he may retire himself, and expect Gods good pleasure: And during that little remainder of his life, pray for your Majesty's long Life, and happy Reign. George Crook. And this Gracious Answer of his Majesty to him. The KING'S Answer. UPon the humble Address, by the humble Petition of Sir George Crook Knight, who after many years' Service done both to Our deceased Father, and Ourselves, as Our said Father's Sergeant at Law; and one of His, and Our Judges of Our Benches at Westminster, hath humbly besought Us, by reason of the Infirmity of his old Age, (which disableth him to continue to perform Us such service, as he much desireth to have, according to his duty, done) his further Attendance might be by Us in Our Grace dispensed with; To the end all Our loving Subjects who have, and shall faithfully serve Us (as We declare this Our Servant hath done) may know, That as We shall never expect, much less require, or exact from them performances beyond what their healths and years shall enable them; so We shall not dismiss them without an Approbation of their Service, when We find they shall have deserved it, much less expose them in their old Age to neglect. As Our Princely Testimony therefore, that the said Sir George Crooks being dispensed withal, proceeds from Us at the humble Request of the said Sir George Crook (which We have cause, and do take well, that he is rather willing to acknowledge his Infirmity by his great Age occasioned, than that by concealing of the same any want of Justice should be to Our People) and not out of any Our least displeasure conceived against him; Do hereby Declare Our Royal Pleasure, That We are graciously pleased, and do hereby dispense with the said Sir George Crooks further Attendance in the said Courts, or in any Our Circuits. And as a Token of Our Acceptation of his former good and acceptable Service by the said Sir George Crook done to Our deceased Father, and Ourselves, do yet continue him one of Our Judges of Our said Bench; And hereby Declare Our further Will and Pleasure to be, That during his the said Sir George Crook's life, there shall be continued and paid by Us to him, the like Fee and Fees as was to him, or is, or shall be by Us paid to any other of Our Judges of Our said Bench at Westminster; and all Fees and Duties, saving the Allowance by Us to Our Judges for their Circuits only. After which Honourable Discharge from his Service at Court, God gave him a Quietus est from this Life at Waterstock in Oxfordshire, Anno Christi 1641. Aetatis 82. Caroli I. 17. When he lived to see the New Canons made 1640. so much aggravated by others, yet so much admired by him, that upon the sight of them, he blessed God that he lived to see so much good by a Convocation. There passeth a pleasant Tradition in Cornwall, how there standeth a man of great strength and stature, with a Black in his hand at Polston Bridge, (the first Entrance into Cornwall as you pass towards Launceston where the Assizes are holden) ready to knock down all the Lawyers that should offer to plant themselves in that County. This man was brought to Westminster-Hall door Anno 1641. no honest or able Lawyer daring to appear there upon pain of forfeiting either his Conscience, in complying with the Tumult; or his Estate, Liberty, yea and Life too in dissenting from it. Otherwise our Judge deserved to be Comes Imperii primi Ordinis, according to the Constitution of Theodosius the Emperor, allowing that honour to Lawyers, Cum ad viginti annos observatione jugi ac sedulo docendi labore pervenerint. Having been twenty years a Judge, that would hear patiently, help Witnesses labouring in their Delivery condescendingly, check forward Speakers gravely, dealt impartially his private Inclinations, being swallowed up in the common Concern, as Rivers lose their names in the Ocean. Cut off Delays and impertinent Controversies discreetly; was zealous of kindness, because fearful of Bribes: Great obligations upon persons in Place, like wandering Preachers Sermons, end in begging; merciful in his Judgement. A Butcher may not be of the Jury, much less should he be a Judge. Being outed his Place with as much honour, as others are advanced, glorying in that, though the Parliament could make him no Judge, they could not make him no upright Judge. He lived privately the rest of his days, having besides the estate got by his Practice, no mean estate by his Birth, and by his Marriage; having little reflection on his own condition, he was so taken up with the sad condition of the whole Kingdom. Vitae est avidus quisquis non vult mundo secum pereunte mori. And thus we leave our Judge to receive a just reward of his Integrity from the Judge of Judges, as well as from the King of kings at the great Assize of the world. Plinic reports it as worthy a Chronicle, that Chrispinus H●llarus with open ostentation, sacrificed in the Capitol seventy four of his children, and children's children attending on him; this Reverend Person sacrificed to Allegiance himself, attended with many well resolved Relations round about him. For it is fit posterity should hear of Col. Mark Trevor, since deservedly ennobled in Ireland for Valour, that feared no dangers; Activity that went through all hardships; Integrity that was proof against all corruptions. john Trevor, a Person that suffered not his parts to be depressed by his fortune; but to make his mind the more proportionable, he made it his business to be as able in Prudence and Knowledge, as he was in Estate, for which he suffered twice severely; that Party being of the Miller of Matlocks mind, of whom we read this pretty Story: Molendarius de Matlocki tollavit bis eo quod ipse audivit Rectorem de eadem villa dicere in Dominica Ram. Palm. Tolle, tolle: That is, the Miller of Matlock took Toll twice, because he heard the Rector of the Parish read on Palm-Sunday, Tolle, tolle, that is, Crucify, crucify him. There was ARTHUR TREVOR Esq A Lawyer of the Temple, that died lately and suddenly, a Passage others may censure, we must pity; since sudden and rash Judgement is always sinful, but sudden and unexpected death is not always penal: Nothing so certain as that we shall die, nothing so uncertain as how we shall die; Therefore Life should be in our apprehension, what it was in the Philosopher's definition, a Constant Meditation of Death. Epiminondas came to a careless Soldier that was asleep when he should watch, and run him through, saying, Sleeping I found thee, sleeping I leave thee. And God sometime surpriseth a loose man that lives carelessly, with a Careless I found thee, and careless I leave thee for ever. A man that lives as if he had only a body, desires to die so too, and therefore wisheth to depart without delay, that he may go without pain; being of Caesar's mind, who was not afraid of death, but of dying. But the man that makes so much use of his soul, that he knoweth he hath one, desires rather to be taken, than snatched out of the world ut sentiat se mori; and (to use the words of Judicious Mr. Hooker, in defence of that necessary Prayer in our Liturgy, which no devout man would leave out, From sudden death (against which we have not prepared ourselves, and which alloweth us no respite for preparation) good Lord deliver us) for virtuous considerations, is prevailed upon by wisdom to desire as slow and deliberate death, against the stream of sensual in clination, content to endure the longer grief and bodily pain, that the Soul may have time to call its self to a just account of all things past, by means whereof repentance is perfected, patience is exercised, the Joys of Heaven are leisurely represented; the pleasures of sin, and the vanities of the world are with sound judgement censured; Charity hath time to look out fit objects, and Prudence to dispose of a man's Estate: besides that, the nearer we draw to God, the more we are oftentimes enlightened with the shining beams of his glorious Presence, as being then even almost in sight; a leisurable departure may in that case bring forth for the good of them that are present, that which will cause them for ever after, from the bottom of their hearts to pray, Oh let us die the death of the Righteous, and let our last end be like theirs: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, i. e. that is, We must all the days of our appointed time wait, until our change shall come according to Tertullia's Character of the Christians in his time, who saith they were expeditum morti genus: It was a good resolution of the holy man that was resolved to repent a day before he died; and because he was uncertain when he should die, repented every day. It is reported of Archias by Plutarch, that having by fraudulent and unjust courses, at length compassed the Government of Thebes; he with his Complices kept a riotous Feast, when in the midst of his Intemperance a Messenger cometh to him with a Letter from a Friend, importuning him speedily to peruse it, and he slighting the Admonition, and putting it under his Pillow, said, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Serious things to morrow, when as the thing which the Letter concerned was effected that night, viz. he died in the midst of his cups. It was the policy of julius Caesar never to acquaint his Army beforehand with the time of their march, ut paratum exercitum momenti omnibus quo vellet educeret. We suppose this Gentleman who hath given occasion for this meditation, is the Arthur Trevor of the Inner-Temple, Esq that Compounded for 05461. 09s. 08d. They are golden words of a precious man, Mentis aureae verba Bracteato: I have often prayed that on my side might join true Piety with the sense of their Loyalty, and be as faithful to God, and their own souls, as they were to me; that the effects of one might not blast the endeavour of the other. Sir RICHARD WESTON. TO Baron Trevor, we might add Baron Weston, who was inseparable from him in opinion, and would have been so in suffering, but that he was called to give an account of himself to God, when others were so haled to give an account of themselves to men. When we read that Sir Richard Weston died in Trinity Term, the fourteenth year of King Charles the First's Reign, 1638/9. with the Character (in a grave Reporter) of a very Learned, Judicious, Courageous, and Patient man in all his Proceedings; and afterward read in the Chronicle of Articles and Impeachment, against Sir john Brampston, Sir Humphrey Davenport, Sir Thomas Trevor, Sir Francis Crawley, and Sir Richard Weston in Easter Term, 17 Carol. I. 1641. We are put in mind of one Archbishop, six Bishops, and eight Doctors, going solemnly to Cambridge, to excommunicate the bones of an Heretic that died some years before; malice would not end where life doth but extend its self to the grave, and reach to the other world. There were three famous Men of this Name, whereof one read as much as the other two. remembered practised Sir Francis Weston (who preceded him in qualification, as well as in place) and he had a good Rule, viz. That private men should take care to do no wrong themselves; but public men, that others under them should do none. We have done with our Judges, save one, we mean Sir Francis Crawley, who is reserved for his proper place, where we hope the Reader shall find an exact account of him from his reverend Son Dr. Crawley the learned, meek, charitable, bountiful, and religious Rector of Agmondsham in Buckingham-shire, who quitted his Fellowship at Trinity for his Allegiance, as his Father quitted his Office; only be it remembered, that what these Confessors for Law lost by refusing to continue under an usurped Power on the Bench, they gained by private Practice in their Chambers; the people willingly trusting their Estates in those Worthy Persons hands, with whom the King had entrusted the Law; being confident of their faithfulness to them, who had approved themselves so faithful to their Sovereign. And that they would not wrest the Law, who suffered so much rather than betray it. It is observed, that when Sir john Cary, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Richard the Seconds time, lost his estate, for being that unfortunate King's Champion at Law; his Son, Sir Robert Cary, had it entirely restored to him, for being King Henry the Fifths Champion at Arms. For a Knight Errand of Arragon coming into England, challenging any to Tilt with him, was undertaken by this Sir Robert, and overcome; for which Sir Robert had that Estate from Henry the Fifth, which his Father was adjudged to have forfeited to Henry the Fourth. And its observable, that whatever any of these Judges lost to the Parliament, their Sons and Relations repaired again with the King, the Sword making amends for the damages of the Gown; the Young Set of Loyalists fight against that frenzy, which the Elder in vain pleaded against. But we had almost forgot Sir Humphrey Davenport, that man of memory, who to his dying day had the old Year-books and Reports ad ungues, but remembered no new ones; as Beza, when above fourscore, could perfectly say by heart any Greek Chapter in St. Paul's Epistles, or any thing which he had learned long before, but forgot whatsoever was newly told him: His memory like an Inn retaining Old Guests, but affording no room to entertain New. It is pity, that he that kept the exact date of every eminent Lawyer in his own time, should want an exact account of his own. He was Born in Cheshire (where are 1. The Most, 2. The most Ancient, 3. The most Loyal, 4. The most Hospitable Gentry in England) july 7. 1584. the same day that his Father and Mother died both together within a quarter of one another. When my Father and my Mother forsake me, for want of natural affection to pity me; for want of wisdom not knowing what to do with me, for want of power not able to help me, or by death being forced to leave me. The gracious God, that when a Father forgets his bowels cannot forget his love which is his own nature: The Alwise God, that when we are at a loss ordereth all things by the eternal Counsel of his Will. The Almighty God, that when we are weak doth whatsoever he pleaseth in Heaven and Earth. The Immortal God that Inhabiteth Eternity, that when Friends are gone will never leave us, never forsake us: This Lord will take us up, than the Lord took him up, not immediately, Miracles being ceased, but in, and by the hands, 1. Of Generous and Noble Guardians, that much improved his Estate as well as himself. 2. Of two Excellent Schoolmasters and Tutors, in Memory of whom he kept his own Birthday, as the Athenians did that of Theseus, doing always some thing in Memory of his Teachers; as they sacrificed a Ram in Memory of his, having designed (we know not whether performed) the endowment of a School, where because 1. Raw Youths took Sanctuary in this Profession, furnished only with a Rod and a Serida. 2. Hopeful men slur it over in their way to a more profitable Employment. 3. Indiscreet men meddle with this that understand Books, but not Tempers well. 4. Men undertake it against their Genius, neither with delight nor dexterity, who had as lief be Schoolboys as Schoolmasters; being ticed to the School, as Cooper's Dictionary, or Scapulaes' Lexicon is chained to the Desk; or if good Schoolmasters, they grow Rich and neglect it; or if poor, they are Masters to the Children, and slaves to their Parents: He intended an able, discreet, grave, and dexterous man should be competently encouraged while he was able, and provided for when not able to follow the School at the place either where he was born, or which he valued more, at the place where he was bred. He would bless God that he had stayed so long at the Gate of Wisdom, supported like Wisdoms House in the Scripture, by seven Pillars, meaning the seven Liberal Sciences, before he entered the Temple of it; meaning the Profession of the Law: That he might not be reckoned among those, Sir john Dodderidge calleth, Doctum quoddam Indoctorum hominum genus, natural abilities have gone far, but Ingenious Education goeth further to understand our Law; of which Sir Henry Finch observeth, That the sparks of all other Sciences in the world are raked up under the ashes of the Law; Which when admitted at the Temple, he plied with 1. Reading. 2. Hearing. 3. Conference. 4. Meditation. 5. Recollection, and 6. A good Common-place of Axioms, Principles, Rules, and Aphorisms; (Apes debemus Imitori quae ut vagantur, & flores ad mel faciendum, Idoneum, Idoneos, corpunt deinde quicquid attulere disponunt, ac per favos digerunt; Ita debemus quaecunque ex diversa Lectione congestimus separare, melius enim distinct a servantur. Sen. Epist.) until his Countryman Sir Randolph Crew, and the great observer of Young men, took special notice of him. And likewise adorned with a grave Aspect, (vultu non destruens verba) not contradicting that to the subtle eyes of those that dwell on Faces, and from the workings of the Countenance, discern the Intrigues of the mind) which he spoke to the Judicious Ear; A sober and patient temper, a reserved mind, Modestus Incestus, & compositus, ac probus vultus, & conveniens prudenti viro gestus; And what was more practised with so much success and integrity, that he had insinuated himself into the best acquaintance, and most profitable practices of his time, having been Steward to sixteen several Persons of Quality, Executor to above three hundred Wills, Feoffee in trust for fifty several considerable Estates, Guardian to forty three several Orphans, twice Reader of Grayes-Inn, called to be Sergeant, Term Mich. Anno 21. jacobi Regis, made Judge of the Common-Pleas, 5. Caroli 1. upon Sir Henry yelverton's Death, and 7. Caroli 1. was preferred Chief Baron of the Exchequer in the place of Sir john Walter, then discharged 5. Car. and dead 8. Novemb. 6. Car. in the right, though not in the exercise of which place he died 164 ... Receiving the Absolution and Communion when sick, according to the Common-Prayer, and ordering his burial when dead so; too as did Judge Hutton, Baron Denham, Sir john Brampston, and all the Eminent Lawyers of that time, by particular Clauses in their Wills, being observed many of them to have wept their Common-Prayers left behind in their Closets into bluts and blots all over. A Monument for the judges that suffered about Ship-money. P. M. S. Uno sub Monumento claudantur unanimes reliquiae quibus olim una anima, unicus & Calculus, Quos conjunxit ostracismus, nec dividat Epitaphium: Erudite pertinax Trevor, Mansuete magnanimus Davenport, & prudentissimo patience Westonus, tria Legum Anglicanarum Oracula. Quibus regi pio servire summa videbatur Libertas; ruente Regno cecidere-Divinae legis tam devote observantes, quam tantos Patriae exacte callidi. Ne tantos viros (longa temporum Injuriâ, vel Sacrilegiâ sequioris saeculi Incuria oblivioni traditos Perpetuae.) Vel fuisse Laboraret Annalium fides sacram saltem eorum memoriam, in Epitaphio superstitem voluit, D. W. Only let us add to Sir Humphrey Davenport, a relation of his (we suppose) thus dealt with: Will. Davenport of Boom-hall Chester Esq compounded for 0745 l. THE Life and Death OF Sir GEORGE RATCLIFFE. THIS Gentleman might say as one of the foregoing Judges did, That he had been a very happy man, had it not been for that he was born in that age, wherein it was fatal to give good counsel. He was Born Anno 1587. at ... in Yorkshire, most of his relation taking to the Sword that gives laws (whereof 3. slain at Museleburgh-field, 2. died in the suppression of the Northern Rebellion 63 in 88 and 2. (whereof that excellent person Sir john Ratcliff, who when with Sir Charles Rich being sick, and desired by the Duke of Buckingham to retire into the Ships, returned, No, they came to fight; and leaning on their Pikes challenged death its self) at the Isle of Rhee. He was bred to the Laws that were made by the Sword, so earnest was he in the behalf of those laws, when there was a suspicion that they should be made void by an Arbitrary power and Prerogative, that I find Sir Thomas Wentworth removed from Yorkshire to Essex, and Sir George Ratcliff to Hertford-shire, to be confined for stickling in the Parliaments, Anno 1625, 1626. and yet so zealous he was for the King's Prerogative and just Power, when it was in a real hazard to be overborn with tumults and combinations, in the behalf of pretended Laws, that I find Sir George Ratcliff involved in all the Earl of strafford's troubles. None will question his worth, that considereth him as the great Confident of that Earl in his affairs; and all persons must needs confess his faithfulness that observeth him that excellent persons companion in all his sufferings. The Lord Viscount Wentworth understood men and therefore when he was advanced Precedent in the North, he made him Attorney General at York, and he was so sensible of serviceableness there, that when he was called to the Leiutenancy of Ireland, he carried him as his chief favourite over thither. Where his contrivance was so good, that Cardinal Mazarine gave 10000 Pistols for a Copy of a model, pretended to be Sir George Ratcliffes, Entitled A model for the improvement and safeguard of Ireland. So happy his faculty of persuading, that it was said of his Speeches, as it was of Cicero's, That the longest was the best. And so nimble his activity, that (though sometimes he permitted a design to be matter of discourse before it was finished, to see how it relished with the vulgar, and try how it appeared to the wise) generally he thought not an affair well done, unless it was done before others thought of it. So subtle his wit, that a Reverend Judge upon his proceeding Barrister in the Inns of Court, Pronounced, Likely to prove either the best or the worst Instrument in the Commonwealth. And that he would see through and unravil the intrigues of the most entangled business, or the most reserved man that he had to do with. And of so comprehensive a brain, that besides the Customs, the Manufactue, the Products, and the Trade of Ireland, wherein he had a great share. He managed 4. of the 25 Cole-mines, 6. of the 86. Mills, and had in his hand 12. of the 275. Woods in Yorkshire (that Country of which Hoornuis reports its bigger than his Masters seven Provinces, and as much under God's blessing, though not so much under the warm Sun, as other parts of England; by the same token, that when the Earl of Crawford looked upon it as the Garden of Britain, the Earl of Traquaire answered, It might be a Garden, but that it was too far from the House, meaning London.) The Gagites is a precious stone to be found only in the Eagles nest, and this Gentleman was a man of such choice parts, as could be expected only in the sharp-sighted Earl of strafford's Cabinet; who would not entertain your fine, but useless wits, which he compared to Jet, the Northern Commodity, that could draw straw to it only, having no power over more weighty bodies. But liked this person the better for another quality; It is remarkable, that hardships raised his spirit, as water inflames Jet; and easiness allayed it, as oil quenches that. When Sir Thomas chaloner (Tutor to Prince Henry) had found Alum near Gesburgh in this County; On this occasion, they are the words of an eye-witness, transcribed by my worthy friend, he observed the leaves of trees thereabouts more deeply green, than elsewhere, the Oaks broad-spreading, but not deep rooted, with much strength, but little sap; the earth clayish, variously coloured; here white, there yellow, there blue, and the ways therein, in a clear night, glistering like glass; symptoms which first suggested unto him the presumption of Minerals, and of Alum most properly. Some Gentlemen of the neighbourhood burying their estates under the earth before they could get any Alum above ground, until Sir George contrived the bringing over of foreign Workmen (in Hogsheads, to prevent discovery) from Rochel in France, which advanced the discovery to a Mine Royal, Rent by Sir Paul Pinder, who paid yearly To the King 12500 the Earl of Mulgrave 01640 to Sir William Pennyman c0600 Besides a constant salary to 800 Men at a time, until the good people at Westminster, that were designing one Monopoly of three kingdoms to themselves, were pleased to Vote this, and above 40. more of this Gentleman's pulblick discoveries, Monopolies to the respective Proprietors. As he noted of his beloved Horses (for plenty and excellency of which he and his Country were both very eminent) that they had a mediocrity of necessary properties, being neither so 'Slight as the Barb, nor so Slovenly as the Fleming, nor so Fiery as the Hungarian, nor so Aeiry as the Spanish Gennets, nor so Earthy and heavy as the German-horse, (these are his words transcribed by another Author without any thanks to him) so I may character him, not so Nimble as a Frenchman, not so Slow as a Spaniard, not so Reserved and Observant as the Italian, not so Fierce as a Germane, not so Patient as a Dutchman, but a collection of all endowments into one man, like that of all the beauties of Greece to form one Venus. Sir George was hugely pleased to reflect, that as those (they are Melchior Canus his words) who out of curiosity and novelty oppose antiquity, teach posterity how they may contradict them: So those that were so perverse in disparaging the actions of their Superiors, did but chalk out the way for their inferiors to disparage theirs; especially, since it was too obvious, how easily the people might be exasperated against them whom they had raised against others. The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the many running into opinions of men and things, as Calderinus in Lud. Vives did to Mass, Eamus ergo (said he) quia sic placet in communes errores. And that he thought it not more unpardonable in him to descent from them, than it was in them to differ from their Superiors and Ancestors. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Arist. Eth. 1. 6.) The one rendering him only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ingeniously bold, the other them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 audaciously presumptuous: Refreshing himself with that of Mimnermus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. In that time which he might call infoelix seculum, as well as Bellarmine calleth that Age between 900, and 1100. when men of the same character that Vives giveth james Archbishop of Genoa, commonly called james de Voragine, for devouring books as these people did men; Homines ferres oris & plumbis cordis of three Nations, conspired the ruin of one man, of whom we may say as Claudian did of Ruffinus (offensis Ruffinus divide terris) though all that they could do was to charge him home, and Calumniari fortiter, that something might stick, though his Litchfield Adversary, like a Coventry-man, did his best (worst) at first, for the Earl of Strafford his Patron, since he settled a perplexed conveyance for him at London, acquainted him with so many serviceable men that were at his devotion in the North; (for the observing of and acquainting himself with choice men was his peculiar faculty) and was so active both on the Popular and the Royal account, being Charged November 13. Sir George Ratcliff was sent for the same day by a Sergeant at Arms dispatched into Ireland, who accordingly December 4. came in, and yielded himself to the Speaker, from whence he was Committed to Custody, and an Impeachment drawn up against him, consisting of these Articles: First, That he had conspired and joined with the Earl of Strafford, to bring into Ireland an Arbitrary Government, and to subvert the Fundamental Laws. Secondly, That he had endeavoured to bring in an Army from Ireland, to subdue the Subjects of England. Thirdly, That he joined with the Earl to use Regal Power, and to deprive Subjects of their Liberty and Property. Fourthly, That he joined with him to take out forty thousand pounds out of the Exchequer of Ireland, and bought Tobacco therewith, and converted the profit thereof to their own uses. Fifthly, That he hath traitorously Confederated with the Earl to countenance Papists, and built Monasteries, to alienate the affections of the Irish Subjects from the subjection of England. Sixthly, That they had agreed together to draw away the Subjects of Scotland from the King. Seventhly, That to preserve himself, and the said Earl, he had laboured to subvert the Liberties and Privileges of Parliament in Ireland. An Impeachment they drew, that they might confine him; but prosecuted not, lest they should shame themselves, but permitting him to go whither he would; they waited the event of things, and when that fell out much beyond their expectation, they adventured to condemn him unheard: In all their Treaties with his Majesty, inserting Sir George Ratcliff (that Mr. Hampden said, was one of the most dangerous men that adhered to the King) for one that they would have utterly excluded Pardon. The main instance whereby they intended to render him odious, was doubtless his severity to the Children and Relations of those that came under the lash, as disaffected to the Government; but since Proles est pars parentis, and one part of the body suffereth for the offences of the other, (the hand steals, the feet are stocked; the tongue forswears, the ears are cut off) it is thought consistent with Divine Justice, and necessary for humane prudence, to correct the Children with the Parents, that those people that are so hardy as to adventure their own Concerns for the disturbance of the Public, may yet be fearful of troublesome practices, with regard to the Interest of their Innocent Children; those Pledges Commonwealths have that men will be quiet. When he had privately detected the Conspiracious, laid open the Plots, and taken off many Instruments of the Faction, he died Anno 165. ... Leaving these remarks behind him, 1. That with Tamerlain, he never bestowed place on a man that was over-ambitious for it. 2. That he feared more the committing, than the discovery of an Irregularity; That he gave away to Charitable Uses a tenth of what he got, that he loved a Grave rather than a gaudy Religion; often using Tully's saying of the Roman Lady, (in reference some practices of the Roman Church) that she danced better than became a modest Woman: Being dead in the lower part of his body of a Palsy, as we are informed, his Soul retired to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the Upper-room of his Clay Cottage, as much employed in Contemplation the latter end of his Life, as he had been in action in the beginning. Ne Ingentes Augustissimi viri ruinae etiam Perirent Memoriae, G. Ratcliff, Equitis Aurati D. D. C. Q. L. M. E. M. Monumentum saltem chartaceum ne desideret vir ultra Marmora perrenandus. THE Life and Death OF DOCTOR POTTER, Lord Bishop of Carlisle. IN a time when this Kingdom flourished with Magnificent Edifices, the Trade of the Nation had brought the Wealth of the Indies to our doors; Learning and all good Sciences were so cherished, that they grew to Admiration, and many Arts of the Ancients buried and forgotten by time, were revived again; no Subjects happier, though none less sensible of their Happiness. Security increasing the Husband man's stock, and Justice preserved his Life; the poor might Reverence, but needed not fear the Great; and the Great though he might despise, yet could not injure his more obscure Neighbour; and all things were so administered, that they seemed to conspire to the Public good; except that they made our Happiness too much the cause of our Civil Commotions, and brought our Felicity to that height, that by the necessity of humane Affairs, that hath placed all things in motion, it must necessarily decline. At this happy time, thus happily expressed by Dr. Perrinchiefe, and Dr. Bates, it was that I will not say the City of London, for the better part of it abhorred it, but to phrase the Men the Lord Digbies way, I know not what, 15000 Londoners, all that could be got to subscribe, complained in a Petition that Trade was obstructed, Grievances increased, Patents and Monopolies multiplied merely because of the Bishops, who were looked upon as the Great Grievance of the Kingdom; in somuch that this Doctor who was born in a Puritan place at Westmester within the Barony of Kendal in Westmoreland, in Puritan times, when that party guided Affairs 1578. Bred under a Puritan Schoolmaster, one Mr. Maxwell at School in the place where he was born, and under a Puritan Tutor in Queen's College in Oxford; and looked upon as so great a Puritan in King james his time, that they would say in jest, that the noise of an Organ would blow him out the Church; and therefore he was called tho Puritanical Bishop, (though his love to Music no doubt was as great as his Skill, and his Skill so good that he could bear a part in it) yet because he was a Bishop, he was slighted when he came to London as juke warm, and forsaken as Popish, that had been so followed formerly as the most godly and powerful Preacher: He had been a great Tutor at Queens, where he had learned to train others by the Discipline he had undergone himself; insomuch that when Bishop, 33 Eminent Divines, Lawyers, Physicians and Statesmen, formerly his Pupils, waited on him together for his blessing: He managed prudently (as he was chosen into it unexpectedly and unanimously when an hundred miles off) the Government and Provostship of that College, Vbi se ferebat Patrem-familia providum, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, nec Collegio gravis fuit aut onerosus. He resigned it self-denyingly, judging that his Northern charge had more need of him as an able and skilful Minister, than Queen's College as a Provost. The meek and humble man looked not for Preferment, yea, avoided it with an hearty, nolo Episcopari: And his gracious Master King Charles unexpectedly when he was buried in his Living, and resolvedly when there was a considerable Competition, and not an inconsiderable opposition, saying, He * And when others pressed for the place, the King said Peremptorily that Potte● should have it, this was 1628. would consider his old Servant, and the good man, whom he liked the better for being a man of few words, but a sweet Preacher, called at Court The Ponetential Preacher; for being peaceable in his practice, though singular in his Opinion; and being not humoursome, though precise, having the severe strictness, though not the sour leaven of the Pharisees: His gracious Master not so much honouring him, as he did the Function, and that age in the freedom of his Noble and unsought for choice. The man being so exemplary in his carriage, that several Recusants that could not go with him to Church, yet conversed much with him, Because said they, they would go with him to Heaven: So good a Master of his Family, that his House was a Church, where Family-duties, (constant Prayers, Catechising, reading Scriptures, Expounding, godly Conference, speaking to one another in Psalms and Spiritual Hymns) were performed so regularly and so constantly, that hundreds left their distant Habitations to be near him, though all accommodations about him were so much the dearer, as his Neighbourhood was the more precious. It was as great a happiness to be his Servant, as his Neighbour: England, they say, is a Purgatory of Servants, but his House was a Heaven for them, where their particular Calling helped forward their general one, and the subjection to their Master occasioned their freedom from sin; the condition of their persons breaking off the slavery of their Souls, his service as well as Gods, his Masters, (who might, he said often, have set him in the Stable, and his Servant in the Palace) being perfect freedom; neither did they thrive in their Estates under him less than they did in their Souls, many able men in that Country owing their plentiful Estates to God's blessing upon that Praying Family, as it was called, and his saving rule, that grace was thrifty and Christianity the best Husbandry; for Godliness and Religion have no idle expenses; So useful a Member of Parliament, that as he spoke not much himself, so he was the cause others spoke not so much as they intended, awing the zeal of the most unruly to a moderation, by the discretion, good advice, and excellent management of his own. King Charles, I. knew well the Import of that passage in Seneca, (when with a design to heal the Distempers of those times, he restored the grave Archbishop, and raised this moderate Bishop to Supreme Council.) Lib. Epist. 1. Ep. 11. Aliquis vir bonus nobis eligendus est, & semper ante oculos habendus ut sic tanquam illo spect ante vivamus, & omnia tanquum illo vidento faciamus. Elige itaque Catonem; si hic videtur tibi nimis rigidus Elige Remissioris animi virum Lalium, etc. And in the same moderate way did he guide the Clergy, both of his acquaintance and Diocese, insisting much upon this sad observation, that Jealousies and Animosities were easier raised than allayed, and that it was not so obvious a matter to retreat from violent Engagements, as to Engage in them; that which hath in it any thing of Equity, being not to be disparaged by managing it with undutifulness and pertinacy. Though his Complexion was melancholy, he loved not a morose Religion; and though he was lean with study, he would chide men that were so with Envy; his constitution indeed was weak, but his Spirit vigorous, and good natured; he that had been the support of moderate and sober Preachers, lived to see himself despised by those he had countenanced: He that was so indulgent to tender-consciences, was hardly suffered to enjoy his own: But seeing pretences of Conscience end in unconscionable practices, scruples turned into tumults, and Liberty prove Licentiousness, heartbroken with the consequences of these sad premises, he died 1642. and was buried by a great Man of the other side, who braged that he had buried a Bishop, and was answered, That it was hoped that he buried him in sure and certain hope of the Resurrection. There need no more added to his Life, or written on his Grave, than that this was the man, 1. That had been a constant Preacher, and repent at his Death that he had not been a more constant Catechist. 2. That interceded for Liberty of Conscience so long for Non-conformists with the King, till he saw neither the King nor himself could enjoy their own Consciences; that feared the pretence of Religion would overthrow the reality of it, and that the Divisions in his age, would breed Atheism in the next. How this Person in so great Esteem with that party, when he was able to protect them, could do so little to suppress them, is not to be expressed any other way than King james in the Conference at Hampton-Court, upon occasion of a needless exception taken by Dr. Reynolds, at a passage in Ecclesiasticus, expressed himself; What trow ye make these men (said the King) so angry with Ecclesiasticus: By my sal I think he was a Bishop, or else they would never use him so. One that a great while followed him, but afterwards unworthily set up a Gallery in Mr. C. Church (demonstrating that he attended not the Preacher but Interest, for he was, he said, the same man still, but they had not the same design; and Young men were fittest to make use of to trouble or over-turn a State, as Old men were fittest to settle it) complained that once he personally inveighed against him, whereunto a grave Gentleman, not so Great, but more Honourable than he, returned: Truly, I thought it meant me, for it touched my heart; Good men make Sermons, it is guilty hearts make Invectives. When the Whirl-pool of the giddy times drew in those that went with the stream, it could not swallow him that kept above it; Long did he strive to bring off Stroud and others his Hearers to him and reason. In vain did they strive with him to bring him to them and Faction: as long as it was to any purpose, he Preached to them their duty, and when that would not succeed, he constantly avoided their sins; neither reading their Declarations, nor observing their Fasts, nor complying with their Festivals; Insomuch that a leading man that had been of his Congregation upon a long Letter, he sent to him containing an account of himself and his proceedings since the troublesome times, expressed himself in the House to this purpose, That he could not tell what they should do with the good old Puritans; whose misguided zeal should do the Cause more harm, than all their Young Friends pains could do it good. He preached for the King as long as he could, and when he could not, by reason of infirmities and grief, he prayed for him as long as he lived; keeping honest men, that were turned out of their own Churches, to preach in his, until he went out of the world. Alleging to those that liked not that way, that in times of persecution, the Council of Carthage enjoined all Clergymen that had Churches, to offer their Desks and their Altars to them that had none. As he preached not common-places of things to which he wrested the Scripture, but went through the Scriptures (as Gen. 12, 13, 14, 15, * Whereof the 16th is in Print. 16, 17, 18, etc. Chapters, the Plagues of Egypt in Exodus, the 16. of St. Luke, the Beatitudes, etc.) drawing from them genuinely Divine Truths; so advised those about him not to follow men that set up notions of their own, and then serve some Scriptures to make Affidavit for them; but those that opened the Scriptures most skilfully, and deduced obvious, proper, and clear conclusions out of them most faithfully. This Primitive Man's gifts, were like the Primitive Christians goods, in common: Being above others alone, and above himself in company; as Ambergris is sweet in its self, but incomparable when compounded. He was a good Pastor himself (most of the eminent, both Christians and Ministers in London, having profited by his Ministry) and not jealous that his memory might be out-shined by a brighter successor; nor willing that his people should find his worth by the unworthiness of him that came after him, prayed for a better. His Estate was more in blessing than in bulk, his richest Legacies were his Precepts and his Example, and his best Monument the hearts of his people, that will be his joy and crown of rejoicing in the day of the Lord Jesus. Post quater millenos exaratos. Et decies millenos publice Habitos conciones, manu. Temporibus mortem obiit, & ore Evangelizans I. S. Optimis resurget ipse, melioribus resurgit memoria pessimis. THE Life and Death OF Sir JOHN SUCKLING. THE last Bishop we mentioned, was the last that died with the honour of Voting in Parliament, (that was not speechless before he departed.) This Gentleman was the last Courtier that died at Court: Dying as he was born a Courtier, heir to Sir john Suckling the Comptrollers estate, but not his temper, being as airy as the other was solid; this grave Family, like heavy bodies evaporating into more aieral parts towards its dissolution. There was an extraordinary Circumstance in his birth, that raised an unusual expectation of his life, being born, as his Mother reckoned, the beginning of the eleventh month. Now 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Hypocrates allows, that the child born in the seventh month, if well looked too, may live. Laurentius Professor of Montpellier, in an admirable Treatise of Anatomy asserteth, that a child of nine or ten months, which he calleth Terminus Inter medius, seldom miscarrieth. And Avicen, as he is quoted by Laurentius averreth, that a child born in the eleventh month, which he expresseth, Terminus ultimus quando nihil additur ad perfectionem partis, sed ad perfectionem roboris; is vigorous and Athletique. As Sir john Suckling, who did as Tiberius, vultu Principem (generosum) praeferre, had a sprightly mind, that was an argument of a more sprightly soul, which took in improvement faster than Tutors could suggest; speaking Latin as early as Drusius his Son did Hebrew, that is, at five years of age; and composing both in Latin and English for Princes, as soon as Grotius did, that is, at nine years: being so soon a man, that like a Who is supposed created, as if he had been so. Adam, we would think he was born so. The Arts were as closely united in him, as they are in themselves, being competently seen in all of them, and yet eminent in many, being able to look in the whole circle without a giddiness. He had tongues enough to renew that good understanding among men, that was lost at Babel; desiring not only to live in the world, but to understand it; and as great reason (which we call Logic) to comprehend and discourse his notions, as he had charms, which we call Rhetoric, to insinuate them; and what was more, it was a question, whether he was more skilled in the Philosophy of the two Globes, or in the History and Chronology of all times, he shooting through any subject from one end of the world to the other, with the same activity that spirits do, who do not discourse, but see. His soul almost as large as that which some call (under the first being) the soul of the world. He died under thirty, and was as old as the world, being able to treat of all those things from books, which in twelve years' time, that all the wisdom of the world could insist on from experience in 5000 years; suffering himself to be no stranger to Cosmography, or the account of the world in general, for his own satisfaction as a Gentleman; to Choroghaphy, or the particularnature of each Province of the world, for the service of his Country as an Englishman; to Topography, or an inspection into the circumstances of each place, to qualify him for noble employments and commands as a Soldier. And all these sweetened with the softness of Poetry, that Music and Charm of the world in words, and with Music, that Poetry in sound. Fancy being his predominant faculty, as the sanguine complexion was his controlling temperament, was as restless and ubiquitary in him, as it is defined in its self; creating and tempering the Images and Ideas of things, with the same ease that the things themselves were first made with. To lift too high is no fault in a young Nag, and to fancy too high was the greatest defect of this young Gentleman. Nimbleness is the perfection of fancy, and levity the bane of it; when it whisks up and down to so many objects, that it throughly understands or conceives none, unless hard and knotty studies, such as Philosophy and Mathematics, that fix and settle the soul. Sir john Suckling, that was Knighted 1630. was controller of the Kings-house, and told this Gentleman, That he had no more to do but to comptrol and govern himself, be being born before him. The height of his parts, he acknowledged the effect of the discretion of his Tutor (of whom he would seldom speak without this Note, That it was one thing to be discreet, and another thing to be learned, the management and use of a man's notions being hardly consistent with a heap and crowd of them, as a middling state makes a good Husband,) who humoured his disposition as much as some Boys are forced to humour their Masters; and made as many Rules of his temper, as he found in his Grammar, being at once so ingenuous and so pliable, that a frown was severe correction to him, and shame whipped him more smartly than the Rod. He as solemnly honoured his Masters of all ingenuity, as Dr. Whitacre did his Tutor West; when being Regius Professor, at his Tutors Commencing Doctor, publicly gave him thanks before the University, for giving him correction when his young Scholar. But had most regard to his Father, for he best bowls at the mark of perfection, who besides the aim of his own eye, is directed by his Father, who is to give him the ground; according to whose advice he traveled his own Country well first, and then (in my Lord Burleighs method, who seldom licenced a man to travel abroad, until he could give him a good account of the remarkables at home) went over beyond Sea, to see how mankind managed those principles in their practice, that they had drawn up in their writings; and observe how they lived and conversed, as well as how they thought; making an honourable collection of the virtues of each Nation, without any tincture of theirs, unless it were a little too much of the French Air, which was indeed the fault of his complexion, rather than his person. Though to correct it, he traveled from the softer dalliances of that Nation, to the Wars and hardships, to knit as well as enlarge his soul, and gain an Empire over his frailer self, with the same severity and discipline, that Gustavus was like to gain one over Europe. With whom he run the hazard of three battles, five sieges, and as many skirmishes, wherein he saw much design and contrivance, so much conduct and manage, such activity and industry in six months, as was not to be seen elsewhere in so many ages; there being a concurrence of the excellencies, as well as of the men, of all Nations. Insomuch, that though my Lord Goring would not admit Sir john Suckling into the Secret Councils they held in the North, because he was too free and open-hearted, yet the King gave him a Command there, because he was valiant and experienced. He raised a Troop of Horse, so richly accoutred, that it stood him in 12000 l. bestowing the Horses, Arms and clothes, upon each person that was Listed under him; which puts me in mind of the Duke of Burgundy's rich preparations against Swiss, of which Expedition it was said, The Enemy were not worth the Spurs they wore. And of his late Majesty's report, upon the bravery of his Northern Army, That the Scots would sighed stoutly, if it were but for the English- men's fine clothes. And of another passage at Oxford, where the King in some discourse of the Earl of Holland, and other Commanders in the first Expedition against the Scots, was pleased to express himself to this purpose, That the Army was not in earnest, which made him choose such Commanders in Chief. But indeed it became him better to sit among a Club of Wits, or a Company of Scholars, than to appear in an Army; for though he was active, he was soft and sweet withal; insomuch, that Selden went away with the character of Deep and Learned, Hillingworth was reckoned Rational and Solid, Digby Reaching and Vigorous Sands and Townsend Smooth and Delicate, Vaughan and Porter Pious and Ecstatical, Ben. johnson Commanding and Full, Carew Elaborate and Accurate, Davenant High and Stately, Toby a Whispering nothing in some ●●dies ear. Mathewes Reserved and Politic, Walter Montague Coherent and Strong, Faulkland Grave, Flowing, and Steady, Hales Judicious and Severe; but Sir john Suckling had the strange happiness (that another Great Man is eminent for) to make whatsoever he did become him. His Poems being Clean, Sprightly, and Natural; his Discourses, Full and Convincing; his Plays, Well-humored and Taking; his Letters, Fragrant and Sparkling; only his Thoughts were not so loose as his Expression (witness his excellent Discourse to my L. of Dorset about Religion, that by the freedom of it, He might, as he writes to my Lord, put the Lady into a cold sweat, and make him be thought an Atheist; yet he hath put wiser heads into a better temper, and procured him the reputation of one that understood the Religion that he Professed among all persons, except those that were rid by that fear of Socinianism, so that they suspected every man that offered to give an account of his Religion, by reason, to have none at all) nor his Life so Vain as his Thoughts, though we must allow to his sanguine composition and young years, dying at 28. some thing that the thoughts and discipline of time, experience, and severer years, might have corrected and reduced, Amo in juvene quod amputem. But his immature death by a Favour, after a miscarriage in his Majesty's service, which he laid to heart, may be a warning to young men of his quality and condition, whose youth is vigorous, pleasures fresh, joints nimble, bodies healthful, enjoyments great, to look on his ghastly face, his hollow eyes, his mouldering body, his noisome dust, and to entertain but this one thought, that what he was, they are, and what he is, they shall be; that they stand on his Grave, as the Romans did on their Friends, with these words, Go, we shall follow thee every one in his own order. Rejoice, O young man, in the days of thy youth, but know that for all these things God will bring thee to judgement. A Gallant would do well with the Noble joseph of a The Earls are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they carry on their heads a Corc●●t, the Emblem of Nobility; in the fashion of a Tomb, the Emblem of Mortality. Arimathea in their Gardens, and among their pleasures. He died Anno 164 ... leaving behind him these thoughts of those times, to his dear friend Mr. Iermin, since the Right Honourable Earl of St. Alban. 1. That it is fit the King should do something extraordinary at this present, is not only the opinion of the wise, but their expectation. 2. Majesty in an Eclipse, is like the Sun most looked upon. 3. To lie still in times of danger, is a calmness of mind, not a magnanimity; when to think well, is only to dream well. 4. The King should do, before the People desire. 5. The King's friends have so much to do to consult their own safety, that they cannot advise his, the most able being most obnoxious; and the rest give the King council by his desires, and set the Sun, or interest that cannot err, by passions which may. 6. The King's interest, is union with his People. 7. The People are not to be satisfied by little Acts, but by Royal Resolutions. 9 There's no dividing of a Faction by particular obligations, when it is general; for you no sooner take off one, but they set up another to guide them. 10. Commineus observes, That it is fit Princes should make Acts of Grace peculiarly their own, because they that have the art to please the people, have commonly the power to raise them. 11. The King must not only remove grievances by doing what is desired, but even jealousies by doing something that is not expected; for when a King doth more than his people look for, he gives them reason to believe, that he is not sorry for doing what they desired; otherwise a jealous people may not think it safe enough only to limit the King's power, unless they overthrew it. 12. The Queen would do well to join with the King, not only to remove fears, especially since she is generally believed to have a great interest in the King's affection; but to arrive beyond a private esteem and value, to an universal honour and love. 13. The conservation of the general should guide and command the particulars, especially since the preferment of one suspected person is such a dash to all obliging acts. 14. Q. Whether the King's way to preserve his obnoxious friends, is not to be right with his distempered people? 15. Q. Whether the way to preserve power be not to part with it? the people of England, like wantoness, not knowing what to do with it, have pulled with some Princes, as Henry the Third, King john, Edward the Second, for that power which they have thrown into the hands of others, as Q. Elizabeth. 16. Q. Whether it be not dangerous to be insensible of what is without, or too resolved from what is within? And these Advises to his friends about him, at that time when he best understood himself. 1. Do not ill for Company, Mr. Savage a person that was with him in his sickness. or good only for Company. 2. eat jests in Holy things, and words in jest which you must give an account of in earnest. 3. Detract from none but yourself, and when you cannot speak well of a man, say nothing. 4. Measure life not by the hopes and enjoyments of this world, but by the preparation it makes for another; looking forward what you shall be, rather than backward what you have been. 5. Be readier to give, than to take applause; and neither to give, nor to take exceptions. 6. It's as much more to forgive one injury, than to do many courtesies, as it is to suffer once, than to do many times for a friend; he may do what he will, that will do but what they may. 7. It's the ruin of many men, that because they cannot be best, they will be none; and if they may not do as well as they would, they will not do as well as they may. 9 Whiles wisdom makes art the ape of nature, pride makes nature the ape of art. The proud man shapes his body to his apparel, the wise man his apparel to his body; there is great reason that we should be ashamed of our pride, no reason to be proud of that which is only the covering of our shame. 10. Entertain no thoughts that will blush in words. 11. Be in the company of those among whom thou mayst be wise, rather than with those among whom thou mayst be accounted so. 12. In things necessary go along with the ancient Church, in things indifferent with the present. 13. Neither upbraid men with your own kindness, nor forget theirs. 14. Be not constant against reason, nor change your mind without it. 15. Believe not all you hear, nor speak all you believe. 16. Acknowledge ignorance, and learn rather than pretend knowledged, and be ignorant. 17. Do well to satisfy a good Conscience, and you shall hear well by a good report. 18. Measure not yourself by other men's reports, nor others by your own thoughts. 19 Live as men that shall die, and prepare to die as men that shall live for ever. Ne hae zelantis animae sacriores Scintillulae ipsum unde deciderant spirantes Coelum, & Author magnus ipsa quam Aliis dedit careret memoria; Interesse Posteris putavimusbrevem Honoratissimi Viri johannis Sucklingii vitam historia esse perennandam. Ut pote qui nobilissima Sucklingiorum Familiaeoriundus, cui tantum reddidit, quantum accepit honorem, Nat. Cal. April. 1613. Withamiae in Agro Middles. Renatus ibid. Maii 7 more. & denatus 164 ... haud jam Trigesimus, & scriptu dignissima fecit, & factu dignissima scripsit. Calamo pariter & gladio celebris, pacis artium gnarus & belli. THE Life and Death OF Dr. SAMUEL WARD. PASS now from a pretty Gentleman, that was all wit and festivity (time and place making the connexion) to a Reverend person, that was all gravity and judgement; and sad certainly the Cause of the Faction, when the wittiest part of mankind laughed at it, and the most judicious declined it, among whom, as none more solid, so none more zealous than Dr. Samuel Ward, born at Bishops-Middleham in the Bishopric of Durham, being a Gentleman of more ancientry than estate; bred first Scholar of Christ's, than Fellow of Emanuel, and afterwards Master of Sidney-Colledge in Cambridge, and Margaret Professor therein for above twenty years. His character, which one, who knew him as well as most men, and could judge of him as well as any man, doth bestow upon him, is this: AGe, perge, cathredam ornare (quod facis) sacram, Subtilitate non levi, rapida, vaga, Sed orthadoxa quam coronat veritas, Et justa firmat solidit as, patience librae: Antiquitatis crypta tu penetras frequens, Scholasticorum tu profundes vortices, Te nulla fallit, nulla te scium latet Distinctionum tela, rationum stropha Tam perspicacem ment, judicio gravem; Linguis peritum, tamque nervosum stylo, His addo genium temperatum, animo, Placidum, modestum, lite rixosa, procul. GO to, go on, deck (as thou dost) the Chair, With subtlety not light, slight, Vageas Hair, But such as truth doth Crown, and standing sure, Solidly fixed will weighing well endure. Antiquities hid depths thou oft dost sound, And School-mens Whirlpools, which are so profound. Distinctions threads none can so finely wove, Or reason wrench, thy knowledge to deceive. None thy Quick-sight, grave Judgement can beguile, So skilled in Tongues, so sinewy in stile; Add to all these, that Peaceful Soul of thine, Meek, modest, which all brawlings doth decline. He turned with the times, as a Rock riseth with the Tide, and for his uncomplying there with, was imprisoned in St. john's College. He was counted a Puritan before these times, and Papish in these times; and yet being always the same, was a true Protestant at all times. How many men suffered in this one, 1. First, an exact Linguist, by the same token, that when towards the most excellent and last Translation of the Bible in King james his time, the Prayer of Manasseh, and the rest of the Apocrypha was committed to his trust among Eight other Cambridge Men, when he was but Master of Arts of Emanuel College, the Revisers never reviewed his performance, Dr. Smith, and Dr. Reynolds, who were Entrusted with the last Revises, saying, We have heard of second thoughts Correcting the first, but thought shall Correct the twentieth: And not many passages cost him fewer; for he would say had never been a Scholar, but for a habit of exactness which he got under an accurate Master; and there is no other advantage in either going to good Schools, or continue in Universities, than to keep the Soul from being unravelled and loose, by a constant acting of thoughts, and expressions to the Rule of accuracy taught in those Schools, and practised in those Universities; whence by never missing exactness of thoughts, seldom failed of hitting things; and his steady words seldom fell either beyond, besides, or short of his thoughts. 2. A sound Scholar, and therefore by an Excellent Scholar as well as good man, Bishop james Montague, chosen Chaplain for his Family, and Assistant for his Study. 3. A discreet man, and upon that score by the same Bishop chosen by him his Notery; that is, his Eye and his Ear: For when Mr. Thrash the violent Sabbatarian came to be Ordained, and it was a Question whether he had ever sucked of the Breast of the Universities, or brought up by hand in some petty School, Mr. Ward refused him, as altogether insufficient; however afterwards he crept into Christian Orders to broach Judaizing Doctrines by some rash hands, which might wish with Martianus, a Bishop of Constantinople, who made Sabbatius a Jew, and turbulent man Priest, they had been laid on Thorns and Briars, than on such a man's head; upon a Certificate, which was then matter of Courtesy, and not matter of Conscience, the good Bishop trusting to his own Eye for the sufficiency, and to other men's hands for the carriage of the Man; an error in the first concoction, is seldom corrected in the second, an unworthy, and therefore turbulent man, (for worthless men must make up that in trouble, which they lack in worth: Dwarves are troublesome and peevish, and Children clamber where they cannot reach) being not so easily got out of the Church by suspension and deprivation, as might be kept out without Ordination, which doth perpetuate the Faction, and make the Party Immortal. 4. A grave governor and successful, and therefore by the Honourable H. Lord Grey, Earl of Kent, who hath this Character in all the Cambd●ns Britannia's, which escaped the Index Expurgatorius, that (for what reasons the Inquisitors knew best) blotted these words out, Verae Nobilitalis Ornamentis vir longe Honoratissimus; and john Lord Harrington Executor to the Lady Francis Sidney, Daughter of Sir Henry, Aunt of Sir Philip Sidney, Relict of Thomas Ratcliff the third Earl of Sussex, and Foundress of Sidney-Sussex College in Cambridge, the third Master of that House, 1609. and by his Patron and Predecessor Bishop Montague, Archdeacon of Taunton, where so moderate and mild his Government, that there was not in the first eight years of his Government a Negative voice in any affair of the House; he taking care to beget a general understanding about any matter in debate in private, before they sat upon it in public, tuning each string before they set to a Consort; his Discipline so becoming and exemplary, that Sir Francis Clerk of East-Soton in Bedfordshire coming privately to Cambridge to see, unseen took notice of Dr. Wards daily Presence in the Hall, with the Scholars Conformity in Caps, and diligent performance of Exercises to so good purpose, (the careful observation of old Statutes, is the best Loadstone to attract new Benefactors) that he augmented all the Scholarships in the Foundation, Erected a new fair and firm Range of Building, and Founded four new Fellowships; discovering by the way such skill in Architecture and Arithmetic, that staying at home he did provide to a Brick what was necessary for the finishing of the aforesaid Building. 5. Such his Reputation for deep skill in Divinity, that he with the Reverend Dr. Davenant of Queens, Dr. Carleton Bishop of Chichester, Dr. Hall Dean of Worcester, was sent from the Church of England by King james to the Synod at Dort, to assist the Dutch Churches in the five Controversies of Predestination and Reprobation, of the extent of Christ's death; of the power of man's free will both before and after his Conversion, and of the Elects perseverance; and to that purpose with Dr. Davenant, sent for by that Learned and deep-sighted Prince to Royston, October. 8. 1618. where His Majesty vouchsafed his familiar Discourse with them for two hours together, commanding them to sit down by him till he dismised them with this solemn Prayer (which the good man would recollect with pleasure) That God would bless their endeavours. At that Synod, besides the common Applause, he had with his Brethren testified by the 10 l. a day allowed them there; the entertainments given them at the Hague, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Vtrecht and * Which said Sir Dudley Carleton in his Spe●ch to the States, they saw only, being not much made of there. Leiden, by the 200 l. the Medals, and the Commendatory Letter sent with them at parting; thence had they this peculiar Character, that he was slow but sure, recompensing in the exactness of his notion, what he wanted in the quickness of it, being but once contradicted, and that at the first opening of that middle way, he and his good Friend Davenant opened to them, which surprised some in the Synod at first, but reconciled the Synod to them, and to its self at last; the moderate that cut the hair in a Controversy, like those that part a Fray, meet with blows on both sides at first; but embraced by those very arms that were lift upon them at last: Bishop Carleton came home with this Commendation in the States public Letter to King james. Dominus G. Landavensis Episcopus imago, & expressa virtutis Effigies; Dr. Ward returned with these Testimonies from the most Eminent Scholars in those Parts: Modestia ipsa quae plus celavit eruditionis quam alii habent Literarum Abyssus taciturnus & profundus, qui quot verba tot expressit e sulco pectoris or acula, etc. and among the rest, in iis eam eruditionem, pietatem, pacis studium, eumque zelum deprehendimus, ut cum ipsius beneficii causa Majestatituae multum debeamus, (they are the States expressions to the King in their foresaid Letter of thanks) Magna pars ipsius beneficii nobis videatur, quod ipsi ad nos missi sun●; with which testimonial Letters they came over and presented themselves to King james, who seeing them out at a window when first entering the Court: Here comes, said he, my good Mourners, alluding to their black habit, and the late death of Queen Anne. When he was to perform any exercise as the part assigned him in the a For our Divines managed th●ir business privately among themselves before they debald it at the Synod. English College, which was generally to oppose, because of his acuteness and variety of reading; or to give his weekly account to the King, as they all did by turns, the expectation was great, especially in one respect, as King james would say, that he would set down no idle or impertinent word. 6. So good a man that he was Tutor as well as Master to the whole College; yea, kept almost as big a College by his goodness, as he governed by his place; more depending upon him there and abroad as a Benefactor, than did as a Governor. Being a great recommender as well as incourager of Worth, he used to say that he knew nothing that Church and State suffered more by, than the want of a due knowledge of those Worthy men that were peculiarly enabled and designed to serve both: And, as another Argument of his goodness, he went always along with the moderate in the censures of Preachers in the University, practices in the Courts that were under his Jurisdiction: And in Opinions in the Convocation, whereof he was a Member, much pleased with a modest soft way, that might win the persons and smother their errors, being much pleased with his Friend Mr. Dods saying, that men should use soft words, and hard Arguments. And this so much known to others, (though so little observed by him, this meek and slow speeched Moses his face shining to all men but himself) that it procured six or 7000 l. Improvement in his time to the College, besides the Building of that Chapel which he Dedicated by his own burial, being the first that was buried there: His Virgin body enjoying a Virgin grave, like that of the Lord, wherein never man lay. Sleeping there where the Franciscans had a dormitory. The best Disputant having his Grave where the best Philosophers and b So they were accounted anciently. School-Divines had their Beds; and the modest man resting where that modest order slept, who called themselves Minorites, from Jacob's words, Gen. 32. 10. Sum minor omnibus beneficiis suis. Yea his Adversaries themselves admiring him so far, that he was named one of the Committee for Religion in the jerusalem Chamber, 1642. whither he came with hope that moderation and mutual compliance might find expedients to prevent, if not the shaking, yet the overturning of Church and State; so the wary Merchants throws somethings overboard to save the Ship, which escapes not by struggling with the storm, but by yielding to it. And inserted one of their Assembly, whither he came not, being not called by the King (one of the flowers of whose Crown it is to call Assemblies, as appears by Bishop Andrews his Learned Sermon of the Right of calling Assemblies on Numbers 10. 12.) nor chosen by the Clergy; and because there was a legal Convocation in being, that superseded this Illegal Assembly wherein it was in vain for few Oxthodox men to appear, being overvoted by their numerous Antagonists. But since he could not serve the King and Church with his parts, he did with his Interest, cheerfully sending the College Plate to the King, and zealously (when the Committee of the Eastern Association was settled there) protesting against any Contribution to the Parliament, as against true Religion and a good Conscience, for which he was b At St. John's, and in his own College till he died. Imprisoned, Plundered, and tormented; and as high winds bring some men to sleep, so these storms brought this good Doctor to rest, whose dying words, (as if the cause of his Martyrdom had been Engraven on his heart) breathed up with his Divine Soul, Now God bless the King, though the worst word that came out of his mouth was to Cromwell, That when they destroyed the Church Windows, you might be better Employed. A Pupil of his compares him and Dr. Collings Professor, to Peter and john running to our Saviors Grave, in which race john came first, as the youngest and swiftest, and Peter entered into the Grave. Dr. Collings had much the speed of him in quickness of parts, the other pierceth the deeper into underground, and deep points of Divinity; neither was the Influence either of Loyalty or Sufferings confined to his own Person, but was effectual upon all his Relations; for we find Richard Ward of London Gentleman Compounding for 0234 l. 00 00 And Henry Ward, for 0105 l. 00 00 Besides Mr. Seth Ward, the Ornament not only of his Family, but of his Country, expelled Sidney College for his Loyalty, tossed up and down for his Allegiance, till his incomparable temper and carriage recommended him to the Family of my Lord Weinman at Thame-Parke in Oxfordshire: his great skill in Mathematics, opened his way in those sad times, to the Astronomy Professorship in Oxford, (they thought there would be no danger in his abstracted and unconcerned discourses of the Mathematics) his extraordinary worth commanded Respect and Encouragement from Worthy men of all persuasions, excepting O. C. who told him when he stood for the Principality of jesus College in Oxford, That he heard he was a deserving Person, but withal a Malignant; his great Ability, especially for Discourse and Business, commended him to the Deanery first, and afterwards to the Bishopric of Exeter; no Employment a Clergyman ever was capable of, being above his capacity, who writes to the eternal honour of this Doctor his Uncle, in the Preface to his Lectures, set out with Bishop Brownrigg's his Overseers consent, and Dr. Ward, Mr. Hodges, Mr. Mathewes, and Mr. gibson's pains, thus: Ille me puerum quandeconnem a Schola privata (ubi me tune aegre habui) ad Academiam vocavit, ille me valetudinarium recreare solitus est, & omni modo refocillore, ille mihi animum ad studia (ad motis lenitur Calcáribus, praemiisque ante oculos positis) accendere solebat, ille mihi Librorum usum suppeditavit, ille me in Collegii Societatem (quam primum Licebat) cooplavit, ille mihi Magister unicus erat, & Patronus, & Spes, & Ratio studiorum. With whole words we will finish this poor account of him (whose worth might be guessed, by the method of his Study, the exactness of his Diary, the excellency of his Lectures.) Novit haec omnia Collegium Sidneianum, cui plus quam 30 annorum spatio summa cum prudentiae, Integritatis & sanctitatis Laude praefuit: novit atque admirata est Academia Cantabrigientis ubi Cathedram Professoram. D. Margarete tot annos summo cum honore tenuit, errorum malleus atque h●resum, norunt Exteri, testantur haec opera quae nunc Edimus; ista certe ut non nescires, tui meique interesse existam abam, caetera norunt. Et Tagu, & Ganges, forsan & Antipodes. Here after these Noble and Loval Ushers, comes in the King himself, not the exact time he was beheaded on, but yet the very minute he suffered; for though Charles was Martyred 1648. the King was killed 1644. For it is not the last blow that fells the Oak; besides, that the lifting up of some hands in the Covenant now enforced, was to strike at his life, according to the most refined sense of that solemn snare declared by Sir Henry Vane, who best understood it; having been in Scotland at the contrivance of it, at his death, june 14. when he was most likely to speak sincerely what he understood. His Person was in danger when they aimed at his Prerogative; The Conclusion is to a discerning person wrapped up in the premises, for I reckon his life was in danger when their was nothing left him but his life to lose. The Life, Reign, and Death, of the Glorious Martyr; CHARLES I. of Blessed Memory. I May preface this sad Solemnity, as the Romans did their more joyful ones, that were to be seen but once in an hundred years; Come and see what none that is alive ever saw, none that is alive is ever like to see again. See a King, and all Government, falling at one stroke. A Prince once wished, that his People had but one Neck, that he might cut them off at one blow; here the People saw all Princes with one Neck, which they cut at one attempt: a stroke leveled not at one King, but Monarchy; not at one Royal Person, but Government. See England, that boasted of the first Christian King, Lucius; the first Christian Emperor, Constantine; the first Protestant Prince, Edw. 6. glorieth now in the first Martyred King, Charles I. A Martyr to Religion and Government: The Primitive Institutes of the first of which, and the generally owned Principles of the second of which, other Princes have maintained with their Subject's blood, he with his own: Others by Laws and Power kept up both these, while they were able; he with his Life, when he was not able; supporting that very Authority itself, that supports other Princes; throwing himself the great Sacrifice into the breach made upon Power, to stop popular fury; and choosing rather not to be himself in the World, than to yield that that World by his consent should be Lawless or Profane. A Martyr, who stood to the People's Liberty, though with his own Captivity: that held up their Rights, with the loss of his own; had a care of their Posterity, with the ruin of his own Family: that maintained the Law that secures their lives, with his own: that could suffer others to distress him, but not to oppress his People: that could yield to die, but not to betray his Subjects, either as Christians, or as Englishmen. See the last Effort of Virtue, Reason, Discipline, Order, bearing up against that of Villainy, Disorder, Licentiousness, and things not to be named among men. See a King, that had deserved a Crown, in all men's judgement, had he not worn one; that other Nations wished theirs before his death, and we wanted since. A King, in whom it is one of the least things, that he hath been a King, The glory and amazement of Mankind, for an Innocence that was most prudent, and a Prudence that was most innocent. A King, that when most conquered, was more than Conqueror over himself. I His Extraction & Birth. A King, deriving more honour to, than he received from his British and Norman Ancestors. a Whose Daughter Ma●gare● married J. 4 of Scotland. H. 7. whose Great Great-Grand-child he was; his Saxon Predecessors, Edgar, Aethaling, etc. from whom he b Aethaling 's Daughter married Malcolm Conmor K. of Scots. descended, and other the most Royal Families of Europe, by james 6. of Scotland, and Anne of Denmark, to whom he was born Nou. 19 1600. at Dunfermeling; so weak, that he was c Dr. P. in his life. Christened privately. Providence (saith the excellent Writer) seeming to consecrate him to sufferings from the Womb, and to accustom him to exchange the strictures of greatness, for clouds of tears. Though yet of such hopes, that an old Scotchman, taking his leave of King james, upon his departure for England, waving Prince Henry, after some sage advice to the King, hugged our Martyr, than three years old, telling King james, who thought he mistook him for the Prince, That it was this Child who should convey his memory to succeeding Ages. II His Education and Hopes. A King, that under the tuition of Sir Robert Caries Lady, the first Messenger of Q. Elizabeth's death; when the Scots thought the Q. would never die, as long as there was a majestic and well-habited old Woman left in England: And under the Pedagogy of Mr. Thomas Murray, and the Lectures of King james himself, (when Bishop Andrew's addressed himself to that King, being sick, and showed him the danger of the young Princes being under Scotch Tutors) was such a Proficient, that being created D. of York, 1606. that to make up the weakness of his body, by the abilities of his mind; and to adorn the rough greatness of his fortune, with the politeness of learning; he was so studious, that P. Henry took Archbishop Abbot's Cap one day, and clapped it on his head, saying, That if he followed his book well, he would d hereupon he in disdain threw the Cap down, and trampled it under f●e●: An Omen, said some, what an enemy be would he to the Archbishops O der, which had never since it needed such a better friend, though he suspended the Archbishop. make him Archbishop of Canterbury. And 〈◊〉 ●eft a world of good Books, marked with his own hand through 〈◊〉, and in some places made more expressive than the Authors had done; and his learned Father said e When the Chaplains received direction from the King, not to dispute without great necessity; but if they did, George should hold the Co●clusien, and Charles, etc. at his going to Spain, That he was able to manage an Argument with the best studied Divine of them all. That besides many other accurate Discourses he had, he disputed one whole day alone with fifteen Commissioners, and four Divines, to all their f Mr. Vines saying, That he was the best Divine in England. admiration, convincing them out of their own mouths; insomuch that some thought him inspired, or much improved in his afflictions; and others, that know him better, averred, that he never was less, though he appeared so. To say nothing of his great skill in the Law, as much as any Gentleman (as he said once) in England, that was not a professed Lawyer; his skill in men and things, in Medals, Antiquities, Rarities, Pictures, Fortifications, Gunnery, Shipping, Clocks, Watches. and any Mystery that it became him to know: For he said once, that if necessitated, he could get his Living by any Trade, but making of Hangings. Nor to mention his 28. excellent Meditations, equally majestic, learned, prudent and pious; 59 incomparable Speeches, besides several Declarations and Letters, writ with his hand; and to be indicted only by his spirit. III His Carriage while Prince. A King, that being made Knight of the Garter, 1611. and D. of Cornwall, 1607. P. of Wales, and E. of Chester, 1616. managed his fortune (upon his Brother and g To whom he was very dear. Mother's death, at whose Funerals being chief Mourner, he expressed a just measure of grief, without any affected sorrow) with so much gallantry, at his h The Q of Bohemia, whose Brideman he was. Sister's Wedding, and other great Solemnities, especially at Justs and Tournaments, being the best Marksman, and the most graceful manager of the great Horse in England; as taught the World, that his privacy and retirements were not his necessity, but his choice; and with so much wariness and temper, that he waved all affairs of State, not so much out of conscience of the narrowness of his own spirit, or fear of the jealousy of his Father, to which they said his Brother was subject; as out of the peacefulness of his soul, and the prudence of his design, to learn to command by obedience, and to come free and untainted (as he did, notwithstanding the curiosity of people to observe Princes faults, and their conspicuousness to be observed) to his Father's Throne. i Who might 〈◊〉 pla● vites ●b● 〈◊〉 b●●cts of the people's discon●●nt. And so admirable his conduct in such affairs as were imposed upon him, especially the journey to Spain, where how did he discover their Intrigues! How commanded he his passion, and concealed his discontents! How he managed the Contracts of Olivarez, Buckingham, and Bristol, that might have amazed an ordinary prudence, especially in a young Statesman! How caressed he his Mistress, the Court, the Country, the Pope, not disobliging the most Jesuited Clergy! How kept he his Faith, and secured his Person! How enthralled he the Infanta by his Mien, and the whole Country by his Carriage! How he honoured our Religion there, by a Spanish Liturgy; and how he escaped theirs, by a Spanish Reservedness! How he brought his affairs there, notwithstanding difficulties and oppositions, to a closure; and yet reserved a power to revoke all, in case he had not the Paelatinate restored; being resolved (with his Father) Not to marry himself with a portion of his only Sister's tears! How k As his own Grandmother, the Q of 〈…〉 to England. he, the Heir apparent of the Crown, (considering the fatal examples of those Princes, that ventured out of their own, to travel their Neighbour l This K. James was not sinsible of, ●ill Ar●hec Clapped his Cap on his head, for ●●●ting the Prince go to Spain; and saying, That if he returned, he would take off ●he Cap from ●he King of England 's head, and set 〈◊〉 ●n the K. of Spain's Which ●ad the King melancholy 〈◊〉 heard h● P●●nce was at Sea. Dominions) got through France. in spite of the Posts that followed him, to Spain; and from Spain, in spite of the malice that might have kept him there! How friendly he parted with the K. and Court of Spain, notwithstanding, that the first observation that he made, when he was on Shipboard, was, that he discovered two Errors in those Masters of Policy; the one, That they should use him so ill there; and the other, That after such usage, they should let him come home! What an Instrument of love he was between the King his Father, and the Parliament; and what a Mediator of service between them and the King! He, in the King's name, disposed them to seasonable supplies of his Majesty; and he, in the Parliaments name, disposed him to a necessary War with Spain. How tender were they of his honour, and how careful he of their Privileges! In a word, when but young, he understood the Intrigues, Reserves, and Maxims that make up what we call Reason of State, and when King, he tempered them with Justice and Piety; none seeing further into the Intrigues of Enemies, none grasping more surely the difficulties and expedients for his own design, none apprehending more clearly the events of things, none dispatching more effectually any business; insomuch, that when his Council and Secretaries had done, he would take the Pen, and give more lustre and advantage to Write, (saying, Come, I am a good Cobbler) wherein he would strangely meet with all difficulties imaginable; so that it was truly said of him, That had he been Privy Counsellor to any other Prince, he had been an Oracle; carrying, with H. 4. all his best Counsel on one Horse. IV His Carriage when King. A King that was received out of Spain with infinite triumphs, when our hopes and Prince; and out of his wardship with more, when our enjoyment and King March 25. 1625. none of the weaknesses of Youth, attended with power and plenty having enervated his solid virtue, and so the Kingdom promised its self (what it enjoyed as long as he enjoyed himself) all the benefits of a happy government. 1 His Marriage, his Chastity, and God's blessing him with Children. His Marriage (the first act of state in his Reign, except his Father's Funeral, whereat he was a Close-mourner, hallowing the ascent to his Throne with a pious act of grief, unusual for Kings, but such as he, who preferred Piety before Grandeur:) was prudent and happy with the most excellent Lady (who shared in the comforts only of his good fortune, and in all of his bad; Reverencing him, not his greatness) Henrietta Maria, youngest Daughter to H. 4. of France, whom he had seen by chance in his way to Spain, and who hearing of his adventure thither, was pleased to say, That he might have had a Wife nearer home: to whom he was married at Notre dame in Paris by m Given the D. of Chevereux. Proxy, and at n Trinity Sunday, 16●5. Canterbury by himself, never straying from her (as he told his Daughter Elizabeth) in his thoughts, being chaste in his discourse, hating all obscenity that might offend the Ears, much more in converse, allowing o No Subject fought him for injuring ●hem, he having, by his power and example, ●●●ured them in all their Relations. no vanity that might blot the honour of any of his Subjects, and by whom God blessed him and us with 9 Children, viz. 1. Charles james, born May 13. 1628. 2. Charles II. May 29. 1630.. 3. james Duke of York 4 September 13. 1633. 4. Henry Duke of Gloucester, july 8. 1639. 5. Marry Princess of Aurange, November 4. 1631. 6. Elizabeth, jan 28. 1635. 7. Anne, March 17. 1637. 8. Katherine. 9 Henrietta, Duchess of Anjou, june 16. 1644. 2 His first Parliament. His first Parliament, notwithstanding it was made up of soft Noble, and troublesome Commons, both made perverse and wanton by long peace and plenty and desire of change, of factious demagogues, whose humour men of boundless and ambitious hopes made use of, he moderated with a clear account given of the whole administration of Government, and a benign answer made to all their Petitions, to a concession of a few subsidies, towards the War with Spain, which they set him upon; and which, notwithstanding the disasters of his Navy by storms, going out too late, and for want of pay, coming home too soon, p Mu●ining against their Commander the Lord Wimbleton. undisciplined and q With a Plagu●bred by the● Discontent: As discontented m●n be most subject to that Distemper. wasted; and the Plagues raging in London; ended in an honourable Peace. 3 His Coronation and Frugality. His Coronation frugal, he reserving his Treasure for more necessary occasions than Pomp; not out of his own inclination, for his repair of Paul's, his Navy, and other instances, demonstrate him magnificent; but out of his fatherly regard to the condition he found his Kingdom's Treasures in, drained by the Scots, and not cheerfully supplied by the English, without harsh conditions: so unwilling were we, when we knew not what to do with our Money, to secure the whole of our Estates, by allowing him a part; and yet improved by him so far, as to serve the majesty of the Crown for 15. Years; to support a War with two of the greatest Potentates in Europe; to supply the King of Sweden, and bear the charge of the first Scotch Expedition, without any considerable contribution from the people. They that made him first Necessitous, in order to the making of him Odious; decried him for covetous, because he rewarded not men according to their boundless expectation, but according to their exact merit; being liberal, not vain; and loving to do good to the whole Kingdom, rather than to particular persons; as Steward of a public treasure, rather than a Lord of his own; making his Virtue serve the necessities of the Realm, which others Vices would not. 4 His second Parliament. His second Parliament, notwistanding the contracts between Buckingham and Bristol, the bitterness of the Remonstrators of the Lower House against him, and his Instruments of State; yet he sweetened so far, he granting their Petition of Right, they bestowing on him five Subsidies, that their modesty, and his goodness, strove which should exceed each other. V The Benefits of his Government. A King, 1 ●●s dismission of the Insolent French. Of so much honour, that when his French Subjects abused his Queen, he durst bravely, yet liberally dismiss them, though he might look for a War to follow, which he valued not, when by his Caresses he had melted, and obliged the Queen to a contentment, choosing a foreign war rather than household broils. 2. Of so much sense for Religion, as to lay out, when his r Besides Land Merigaged for 120000 l. to the C●●● and 30000 l. borrowed of the East-India Company. estate was low, and his debts high, 400000l. upon the relief of the French Protestants, in embassies of Peace, and designs of War, though both unsuccessful, the unhappiness of his Ministers, not any fault of his. 3. Of so much prudent goodness as to restore Delinquents, such as A. B. Abbot, Lord Say to favour; to prefer Wentworth, and Savile; to advance Dr. Potter, and other moderate men: a course that if it did not oblige but encourage the faction, finding such rewards for being troublesome, it was because they had but one grievance really, however they pretended many, and that was Government itself. 4. Of so peaceable and good a nature, as to choose rather to settle peace at home and abroad by prudence, rather than to finish war by violence; this the way of bruits, more fashionable in the eye of the world; the other the way of men, more satisfactory to his own breast. 5. Of so much Justice, that the greatest, witness the Earl of Castlehaven was not secure if he offended the Laws of God or Man, and of so s In that trial of ●umb●● which he judged unlawful wherein one Rey would have proved, that one Ramsey would have h●d him serve D. Hamilton, to attain the Kingdom of Scotland, whose right to it they blazoned abroad. much clemency, that the worst (witness Hamilton, and the Lord Balmarino) was safe if he did but offend him; he thinking a Kingdom was so troublesome, that no man would sin either to enjoy or keep it. He subjected his L. Keeper C. and a L. Treasurer to Trial for Bribery, yet would he hardly admit that his enemies should be brought to trial for Treasons; he designed men no harm, and he believed all good of them. Men in his time feared Laws not Men. He would say, Let me stand or fall by my own Counsel, I will choose any misery rather than Sin. His Acts were always vouched by his Judges and Divines lawful, before he would allow them expedient: Nay, the World saw by his condescensions, that he desired not a power to do harm, but that (as he proved once to a Lord of the Faction) he thought, that if he had no power to do ill sometimes, he might not have power when he needed to do good; and Subject's fears of mischief, may destroy their hopes of benefit. His Prerogative, and his People's Liberty, which made such a noise in the World, agreed well in his breast; the last being as well his care, as the first. Of a strange counsel that a Lord was reported to give him, he said, That none durst be so Impudent, as to give it him; For if they had (said he) I should have set such a mark upon them, as that all Posterity should have known my Intentions by it, which was ever to govern by Law, and not otherwise. He was as faithful of his word to others (the reason why he would not grant the Faction all they desired, as he was advised, because he would make good to them what he granted) as it was his Interest others should not be false to t Which his Enemies knew so well, that it was b●● effecting him Propo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 repugnant to his Conscience, and th●y need not fear a Peace. him. His great word being, Leave me to my Conscience and Honour, and let what will befall me. Trouble not yourselves (said he, when advised to escape from Carisbrooke) I have the Parliaments honour pawned for my security, I will not dishonour myself by my escape. Tell me not (were his heroic words, to a faithful Counsellor, advising him to Expedients to save his Life) what I may do to save my Life, but what I may do with a safe Conscience: God forbid that the safety or being of the Church should depend upon my Life, or any mortal man's: And I thank God I have a Son, that I have reason to believe will love the Church as well as I do. And being told his death was resolved on, he answered like himself; I have done what I can to save my life, without losing of my soul; I can do, I will do no more, Gods will be done. VI The blessing of God 〈◊〉 him and his fortun●. A King so blessed, while left to his own Justice and Government; not only in his Family, with a Son, born May 29. 1630. (when a new Star at Noon congratulated his birth) the earnest of a more numerous Issue, those Props of Empire, surer than Armies or Navies: but in his Realm, with such peace, plenty and power, are enabled him to check the greatness of Austria, and the insolent Proposals of the King of Sweden: To reduce Ireland to such a condition of peace and security, as that it paid the charges of its own Government, formerly deducted out of the English Exchequer: To meditate the repair of St Paul's, towards which he got together 146000l. To restore such Scottish Lands and Tithes, as had been stolen from the Crown and Church, during K. james his minority, to the Crown; with augmentation to the Clergy, and ease to the People, held in vassalage by their new Landlords; reserving those Landlords those Lands, to be held of the Crown at a moderate tent, and in spite of these and other disaffected persons, to ratify such Laws for Church and State as King james had established: To furnish out such a Navy as brought the Hollanders (notwithstanding Grotius his Mare Librum, against which Selden writ Mare Clausum) to Caress the King and Queen with presents of Ambergris, and to crave a precarious use of our Seas, etc. and the Spaniard to coin all his Bullion in our Mint: His own people could not wish for more happiness than they enjoyed, unless it were the addition of grace to understand their happiness grown to such a height, as by the necessity of nature, which put all things in motion, must decline: Security increasing the trade, u Many Arts revived. arts, glory, and plenty of the Nation, and Justice preserving them, the meaner sort might Reverence, but need not fear the greatest, and the greatest might despise, but durst not injure the meanest: All Pickaroons and Pirates were forced to their nests and sneaking harbours: More Privileges were granted the People than they had since the Conquests, as that they should part neither with their money: nor lives, nor services, nor houses, without their own consent in Parliament; that they should enjoy all the Rights and Liberties they ever had since they were a People; that they should have a Parliament every three years; that they should fear neither High Commission, Star Chamber, nor the disposal of their Children and Estates in the Court of Wards: and more seeming gratitude a while returned to him, than to any Prince before him: all his future sufferings being only to set off his orient virtues, and to let the wanton people know, what a sad thing it is to lose the best of Kings, and be given over to the pride and violence of the basest of men; to punish our sins with his patience; who had an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a constant course of prosperity in himself, after a War and overthrow, to be judged by all men, to deserve that prosperity he wanted; yea, and to have from God a constant assurance, that his prosperity should be the more prosperous for his misfortunes: he ask Bishop juxon, Whether the Blessed above knew any thing of what was done here upon Earth; and (upon his reply with the Ancients, that it was probable they might) answering, That then his sufferings would be sufficiently recompensed with the knowledge he should have of his Son's prosperity. One Night a Wax Mortar, such as the King had always by him in his Bedchamber, was, as he thought, quite extinguished in the Night, yet in the Morning burned very clearly (to his Majesty, and the Right Honourable the Earl of Southampton's wonder, that lay in the same Chamber, (as Gentleman of the Bedchamber) that Night, knowing it was really out, and that none could come in to light it) a presage he afterward applied thus, That though God might suffer his light to be extinguished for a time, yet he would at last lighten it again. Hear him himself thus discoursing on the various events in his affairs, and his prospect of what was to come. Upon the various Events of the War, Victories and Defeats. THe various successes of this unhappy War have at least afforded the variety of good meditations: Sometimes God was pleased to try me with Victory, by worsting my Enemies, that I might know how with moderation and thanks to own him and his power, who is the only true Lord of hosts; able when he pleases to repress the confidence of those who fought against me with so great advantages for power and number. From small beginnings on my part, he let me see, that I was not wholly forsaken by my People's love, or his protection. Other times God was pleased to exercise my Patience, and teach me not to trust in the arm of flesh, but the living God. My sins sometimes prevailed against the justice of my cause; and those that were with me wanted not matter and occasion for his just chastisement both of them and me: Nor were my Enemies less punished by that prosperity, which hardened them to continue that injustice by open hostility, which was begun by riotous and un-Parliamentary Tumults. There is no doubt but personal and private sins may ofttimes overbalance the justice of public engagements; Nor doth God account every gallant Man (in the World's esteem) a fit instrument to assert in the way of War, a righteous cause; The more men are prone to arrogate to their own skill, valour, and strength, the less doth God ordinarily work by them for his own glory. I am sure the event or success can never state the justice of any cause, nor place of men's Consciences, nor the eternal fate of their Souls. Those with me had (I think) clearly and undoubtedly, for their justification the Word of God, and the Laws of the Land, together with their own Oaths, all requiring obedience to my just commands; but to none other under Heaven without me, or against me, in the point of raising Arms. Those on the other side are forced to fly to the shifts of their pretended fear, and wild Fundamentals of State (as they call them) which actually overthrow the present Fabric both of Church and State; being such imaginary Reasons for self-defence, as are most impertinent for those men to allege; who being my Subjects, were manifestly the first assaulter of me and the Laws, first by unsuppressed Tumults, after by listed Forces. The same Allegations they use, will fit any Faction, that hath but power and confidence enough, to second with the sword, all their demands against the present Laws and Governors; which can never be such, as some side or other will not find fault with, so as to urge what they call a Reformation of them, to a Rebellion against them: some parasitick Preachers have dared to call those Martyrs, who died fight against me, the Laws, their Oaths, and the Religion established. But sober Christians know, That glorious Title can with truth be applied only to those, who sincerely preferred God's truth, and their duty, in all these particulars, before their lives, and all that was dear to them in this World; who, having no advantageous designs, by any innovation, were religiously sensible of those ties to God, the Church, and myself, which lay upon their souls, both for obedience, and just assistance. God could, and I doubt not but he did, through his mercy, crown many of them with eternal life, whose were lost in so just a cause; the destruction of their bodies being sanctified as a means to save their souls. Their wounds, and temporal ruin, serving as a gracious opportunity for their eternal health and happiness; while the evident approach of death, through God's grace, effectually disposing their hearts to such humility, faith, and repentance, which, together with the rectitude of their present engagements, would fully prepare them for a better life, than that which their enemies brutish and disloyal fierceness could deprive them of, or without repentance hope to enjoy. They have often indeed had the better against my side in the field, but never, I believe, at the bar of God's tribunal, or their own Consciences, where they are more afraid to encounter those many pregnant Reasons, both from Law, Allegiance, and all true Christian grounds, which conflict with, and accuse them in their own thoughts; than they oft were, in a desperate bravery, to fight against those forces, which sometimes God gave me. Whose condition, conquered and dying, I make no question, but is infinitely more to be chosen, by a sober man (that duly values his duty, his soul, and eternity, beyond the enjoyments of this present life) than the most triumphant glory, wherein their and mine enemies supervive; who can hardly avoid to be daily tormented, by that horrid guilt, wherewith their suspicious, or now convicted Consciences, do pursue them; especially since they, and all the World have seen, how false and un-intended those pretensions were, which they first set forth, as the only plausible (though not justifiable) grounds of raising a War, and continuing it thus long, against me, and the Laws established; in whose safety and preservation, all honest men think the welfare of their Country doth consist. For and with all which, it is far more honourable and comfortable to suffer, than to prosper in their ruin and subversion. I have often prayed, that all on my side, might join true piety with the sense of their loyalty: and be as faithful to God, and their own souls, as they were to me; that the defects of one might blast the endeavours of the other. Yet cannot think, that any shows or truth of piety, on the other side, were sufficient to dispense with, or expiate the defects of their Duty and Loyalty to me, which have so pregnant convictions on men's Consciences, that even prophaner men are moved, by the sense of them, to venture their lives for me. I never had any Victory, which was without my sorrow, because it was on mine own subjects who, like Absalon, died, many of them, in their sins; And yet I never suffered any Defeat, which made the despair of God's mercy and defence. I never desired such Victories, as might serve to conquer, but only restore the Laws and Liberties of my People, which I saw were extremely oppressed; together with my Rights, by those men, who were impatient of any just restraint. When Providence gave me, or denied me Victory, my desire was, neither to boast of my power, nor to charge God foolishly, who I believed at last would make all things to work together for my good. I wished no greater advantages by the War, than to bring my Enemies to moderation, and my friends to peace. I was afraid of the temptation of an absolute Conquest, and prayed for victory over others, then over myself; when the first was denied, the second was granted me, which God saw best for me. The different events were but the method of Divine justice, by contrary Winds to winnow us, that, by punishing our sins he might purge them from us, and by deserting peace, he might prepare us more to prize, and better to use so great a blessing. My often Messages for peace showed, That I delighted not in War, as my former concessions sufficiently testified, how willing I would have prevented is, and my total unpreparedness for it, how little I intended it. The Conscience of my Innocency forbade me to fear a War; but the Love of my Kingdoms commanded me (if possible) to avoid it. I am guilty of this War of nothing but this, That I gave such advantages to some men by confirming their power, which knew not to use with that modesty, and gratitude, which became their Loyalty, and my confidence. Had I yielded less, I had been opposed less; had I denied more, I had been more obeyed. 'Tis now too late to review the occasions of War; I wish only a happy conclusion of so unhappy beginnings: the inevitable fate of our sins was (no doubt) such, as would no longer suffer the Divine justice to be quiet, we having conquered his patience, are condemned by mutual conquerings to destroy one another: for the most prosperous successes on either side impair the welfare of the whole. Those Victories are still miserable, that leave our sins unsubdued, flushing our pride, and animating to continue injuries. Peace itself is not desirable, till Repentance have prepared us for it. When we fight more against ourselves, and less against God, we shall cease fight against one another: I pray God these may all meet in our hearts, and so dispose us to a happy conclusion of these civil Wars, that I may know better to obey God and Govern my People; and they may learn better to obey both God and me: nor do I desire any man should be further subject to me, than all of us may be subject to God. VII His Mercy and Love to his People, Humi●ity and Patience. A Prince so merciful, so loving to his people, and so humble and patient; that though severe sometimes to Offenders against the public (and to punish the bad is a mercy to the good) yet to amazement tender towards Offenders against himself: No Man died in his Reign that he could save, being sparing of that very blood that others were prodigal of against him: Always more ready to end the War by a harmless and rational treaty, than by a bloody battle; grieving when his pity or peaceableness could not save Offenders, of whom he was, as appeared by Warrants after several battles, as careful as of his own friends, always remembering with tenderness, that they were his Subjects, even when he was forced to fight against them as Rebels, of whom (if he took them) he took no other revenge, than to engage them to be no more deluded, and not to endeavour his murder (as yet they did afterwards) who saved their lives; and if they must die, taking care by instructing them, that they should go thither, where they should sin no more. He reckoned himself never more in his Throne, than when in the hearts of his people; and when he heard the Parliament gave him Subsidies, none dissenting, he Wept for joy, not for the Treasure he had, but for the Mine he found, his People's love: He valued not three Kingdoms, nor his own life, when to be bought with Propositions that ruined his Kingdoms, such as the Army brought him the day before he died; At the reading of the first of which, he threw them away, and smelling their design to ruin his honour, as well as his person, said, I will suffer a thousand deaths, ere I will so prostitute my Honour, or betray the Liberties of my People: and no wonder if he would not redeem himself at the rate of a public ruin, when he would not do it with the injury of any single person: for when the Noble Lady Newburgh proposed to him a way to escape, when at her House, he refused it, saying, If I should get away, they would cut you in pieces: a goodness extending to his very enemies, of whom he said, that the faction he thought could not forgive him, and (they are his own words) not to make myself a better Christian than I am, I think I should not so easily forgive them were they Kings: but I tell thee, Governor, I can forgive them with as good an appetite, as ever I eat my dinner after a hunting; and that I'll assure you was not a small one. So humble he was (Majesty being at the highest hath no other way to increase but to condescend) that (inviting persons to discourse with himself, not with Majesty) he would always begin a discourse with a By your favour Sir; and when in the Isle of wight recommended a poor old man to Sir Philip Warwick (who had much of his trust and affection) and told him, he was a very honest fellow, and had been his best companion for two months together: Not to mention his condescension to Dr. Hammond when he had lost his voice to teach him himself, and his care of young Gentlemen that were to travel, whom he would instruct, among many other lessons, with this, Keep good company, and be always doing, being as much pleased with the accomplishments of his subjects, as some w Oliver, they say, could not endure to hear a man speak sense. Plato was like to eye, because he ●●med wiser than the Sicilian Tyrant. poor spirited Tyrants are with the defects of theirs. Besides these virtues, that patience, not usual to Kings (whose power bears hardly the restraints of Equity, much less those of Injuries) that his Book and Meditations breathe throughout, which made him say, when his Guard would have out a way to poor people's detriment for him to avoid a shower, that as God had given him affliction to exercise his patience, so he had given him patience to bear his afflictions: Patience that managed the cross humours of his friends, and overcame the malice of his enemies, breathing out with his Soul in Prayers for them, and to make his mercy immortal, in a charge to his Son to forgive them. Virtues for which he was always admired even by Foreigners, and at last applauded even by his enemies, x Being deluded, as he said, to unworthy thoughts of him; but n●w convineed to a great reverence of him. Mr. Vines saying, that he was sorry he understood not the King sooner, it being our unexpressible happiness that we have such a Prince, and loss if we should part with him. Foreigners apprehensions of him take in these words. The King of Morocco's Letter to King Charles the First. WHen these our Letters shall be so happy as to come to your Majesty's sight I wish the spirit of the righteous God may so direct your mind, that you may joyfully embrace the message I send; presenting to you the means of exalting the Majesty of God, and your own reward amongst men: the legal power allotted to us, make us common Servants to our Creator; then, of those people whom we govern: So that observing the duties we owe to God, we deliver blessings to the World; in providing for the public good of our States, we magnify the honour of God like the Celestial bodies, which though they have much veneration, yet serve only to the benefit of the World. It is the excellency of our bodies to be instruments, whereby happiness is delivered unto the Nations. Pardon me Sir, this is not to instruct, (for I know I speak to one of a more clear and quick sight than myself) but I speak this, because God hath been pleased to grant me a happy Victory over some of those rebellious Pirates, that have so long molested that peaceful Trade of Europe; and have presented further occasion to root out the Generation of those, who have been so pernicious to the good of our Nations: I mean, since it hath pleased God to be so auspicious to our beginnings in the conquest of Salla, that we might join and proceed, in hope of like success, in the War against Tunis, Algiers, and other places, (Dens and Receptacles for the humane Villainies of those who abhor rule and government) herein whilst we interrupt the corruption of maglinant spirits of the World, we shall glorify the great God, and perform a duty that will shine as glorious as the Sun and Moon, which all the Earth may see and reverence; A work that shall ascend as sweet as the perfume of the most precious odours, in the Nostrils of the Lord; A work happy and grateful to men; A work whose memory shall be reverenced so long as there shall be any that delight to hear the actions of Heroick and magnanimous spirits, that shall last as long as there be any remaining amongst men that love and honour the piety and virtue of noble minds. This action I willingly present to you, whose piety and virtues equal the greatness of your power. That we who are the Servants to the great and mighty God, may hand in hand triumph in the glory which this action presents unto us. Now because the Islands which you govern have been very famous for the unconquered strength of their shipping, I have sent this my trusty Servant and Ambassador, to know whether in your Princely Wisdom you shall think fit to assist me with such forces by Sea, as shall be answerable to those I provide by Land, which if you please to grant, I doubt not but the Lord of Hosts will protect and assist those that fight in so glorious a cause. Nor ought you to think this strange, that I who much reverence the peace and accord of Nations, should exhort to a War: Your great Prophet Christ jesus was the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, as well as the Lord and giver of Peace, must always appear with the terror of his Sword, and wading through Seas of blood, must arrive to tranquillity. This made James your Father, of glorious memory, so happily renowned amongst all Nations. It was the noble fame of your Princely virtues, which resounds to the utmost corners of the Earth, that persuaded me to invite you to partake of that blessing, wherein I boast myself most happy. I wish God may heap riches of his blessings on you, increase your happiness with your days, and hereafter perpetuate the greatness of your name in all Ages. Virtues that had they been sweetened with little circumstances such as theirs are, who observe some minute ways of obliging, and not real, solid, and grand actions, had pleased the world while he lived, as they astonished it since he was dead; he aimed at the general good of the Commonwealth, and therefore he was not careful to be plausible to particular persons, verifying that maxim, That Ordinary Princes are applauded, but Heroic ones not understood. Virtues that make it an Impertinence to tell the world that he was temperate, eating for health, not luxury; and drinking wine mingled with water, excepting when he eat Venison, concluding the greatest entertainment with a glass of water, beer, and wine, seldom drinking between meals: that his Recreations were manly and sober, Chess, y There are methodical and sinewy extracts of his draw●● out of Bishop Laud, Mr. Hooker, and Bish Andrews, therein he draw together all the arguments giving light and strength to them even while he ●●tomised them. Books, Limning, excellent Discourse, and Hunting, being the most usual of them; and that his private converse was free and ingenious, witness his answer to a Presbiterian Minister who inquired for Captain Titus (a person very well-deserving of him and his son) that he wondered after so unhappy a discourse about Timothy he would look for Titus; these being the inconsiderable Circumstances of his great goodness. VIII. A King so religious, that his devotion in the Church when young was equal to his gallantry at Court, his mind being no more softened and debauched by his fortune, than his body; a devotion not Popular nor Pompous, but solid and secret, filling his Soul as God doth the world silently, his Soul being wrapped up in his Prayer not to be z Witness his ●●um vednass at Prayer when ●he sad News of the Duke of Buckingham's death was brought to him: bidding the Chaplain go on, when he stopped at the disturbance. disturbed either by the best or worst accident that could happen. A Devotion to which he made his pleasure (witness his constant calling for Prayers before Hunting, though before day) and his business, witness his ordering of Prayers to be made to God, before he Engaged the Rebels at Brentford (valuing his duty before his safety) whereupon his private Prayers in restraint, were admired by his Enemies, and his constant attendance on, and hast to Divine Service wherever he was, by his friends. At Bishop laud's request he came to Church in the beginning of Divine Service to prevent any interruption might happen in the public Devotion, and of his own accord he continued to the end to avoid all Contempt of it. Where his eye was in the beginning of Sermon, there it was in the end; his attendance edifying as much by the Example, as the Preacher did by his Doctrine: The established way of the Church of England was his profession, not so much by Education, as by Choice, not as a profession he liked, but understood the best in the world: Nothing more usual than to defame him and others for Inclination to Popery (for to the great shame of our Profession, and honour of the Roman, all the Reason, Order, Discipline, Laws and Religion that was in the world, was then reckoned Popish) and yet nothing rendered him a more conspicuous Protestant than the late Rebellion, wherein besides his Constancy in Spain against the temptations of that Court, the solicitations of the Pope, and the restless Importunities of Priests and Friars, he added these Arguments of his sincerity in Religion, viz. That in his private Endearments to the Queen when he had most need of her assistance, he saith Religion was the only thing in difference between them; And in his Legacy to his Children, he bequeatheth them not only Bishop Andrews Sermons, and Mr. hooker's Policy that might confirm them in the Doctrine and Discipline of our Church, but Archbishop laud's book against Fisher the greatest and strongest Argument and Antidote against the Romists, insomuch that if the faction had not overthrown his Government, the Papists as appears by Habernefields discovery had ruined his Person; as afterwards many of them obstructed his Restauration, and his Sons, for no other reason, but that he was Heir of his Father's Faith, as well as his Throne. Religion had the whole power of his soul, as he should have had of his subjects, whom he desired no further subject to him, than he was to God. How tender his Conscience! that was resolved (as he enjoined the most Reverend Father in God, G. now Archbishop of Canterbury, than his Chaplain, if ever he saw him in prosperity, to put him in mind of it) to do public Penance, for consenting to the E. of Strafford's death (a deep sense of which action went with him to his grave) and to the injuries done the Church in England and Scotland. How careful his heart! in that, when the Commissioners at the Isle of Wight, urged him to allow the lesser Catechism of the Assembly, (that being, they said, but a small matter) he said, Though it seem to you a small matter, yet I had rather part with the choicest flower in my Crown, than permit your Children to be corrupted in the least point of their Religion. How great his Integrity! when the Commissioners urged the abolishing of Episcopacy in England, because he had consented to the abolishing of it in Scotland; and it was replied, That in Scotland, the Act made to that purpose, in the minority of King james, was not repealed; and that his consenting to that, was only leaving them where the Law left them: He said, That Reply was true, but it was not all, for the truth is (they are his own words) and tell them so the next time they urge that, When I did that in Scotland, I sinned against my Conscience, and I have often repent of it, and I hope God hath forgiven me that great sin; and by God's grace, for no consideration in the World, will I do so again. Neither was he thus exceedingly religious as a man only, but as a King: Neither was Religion only his private Devotion, but his public Government, wherein he aimed at, 1. The peace of the Church, (wherein those parts and abilities that he saw lost in malice and dissensions, might be very useful to the promoting of Religion and Godliness) And 2. the honour, maintenance and splendour of the Church: For the first of which, he consulted sufficiently, in his favours to Archbishop Laud, Bishop Neile, Bishop juxon. For the second, by his endeavour to recover the Patrimony of the Church in England, Ireland and Scotland, where his religious intentions gave occasion to their rebellion, who, rather than they would part with their private sacrileges, resolved on the public ruin. And for the third, by his great charge in the repair of St. Paul's, and other places. To say nothing of his godly resolution to buy all Lands and Tithes, alienated from the Church, with his own Estate, by such degrees as his other expenses would give him leave; the greatest testimonies of a design to make Religion as universal of his Empire, next those from his own mouth. First, Before God. The King's Protestation at Christ-Church, when he was to receive the Sacrament at the Bishop of Armaghs' hands. MY a Meaning the Bishop of Armagh. Lord, I espy here many resolved Protestants, who may declare to the World the resolution I now do make. I have to the utmost of my power prepared my Soul to become a worthy receiver, and so may I receive comfort by the blessed Sacrament, as I do intend the establishment of the true Protestant Religion, as it stood in its beauty in the happy days of Queen Elizabeth, without any connivance of Popery. I bless God that in the midst of these public distractions, I have still liberty to communicate, and may this Sacrament be my damnation, if my heart do not join with my lips in this protestation. Secondly, Before the World. The King's Declaration to the Reformed Churches. CHARLES', By the special providence of Almighty God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith; To all those who profess the true Reformed Protestant Religion, of what Nation, condition and degree soever they be, to whom this present Declaration shall come, Greeting. Whereas We are given to understand, that many false rumours, and scandalous Letters, are spread up and down amongst the Reformed Churches in foreign parts, by the politic, or rather the pernicious industry of some ill affected persons, that We have an inclination to recede from that Orthodox Religion, which We were born, baptised, and bred in; and which We have firmly professed and practised through the whole course of Our Life to this moment: And that We intent to give way to the introduction and public exercise of Popery again in Our Dominions: Which conjecture, or rather most detestable calumny, being grounded upon no imaginable, foundation, hath raised these horrid Tumults, and more than Barbarous Wars throughout these flourishing Islands, under a pretext of a kind of Reformation, which would not prove only incongruous, but incompatible with the Fundamental Laws and Government of this our Kingdom. We desire that the whole Christian World should take notice, and rest assured, that we never entertained in our imagination the least thought to attempt such a thing, or to depart a jot from that Holy Religion; which when we received the Crown and Sceptre of this Kingdom, we took a most Solemn Sacramental Oath to Profess and Protect. Nor doth our most constant Practice, and daily visible Presence in the Exercise of this sole Religion, with so many asseverations in the head of our Armies, and in the public attestation of our Lords, with the circumspection used in the education of our Royal Offspring, besides divers other undeniable arguments only demonstrate this, but also that happy Alliance of Marriage we Contracted between our eldest Daughter, and the Illustrious Prince of Aurange, most clearly confirms the realty of Our intentions herein; by which Nuptial engagement it appears further, that Our endeavours are not only to make a bare profession thereof in Our own Dominions, but to enlarge and coroborate it abroad, as much as lieth in Our power. This most holy Religion, with the Hierarchy and Liturgy thereof, We solemnly protest, that by the help of Almighty God, We will endeavour, to Our utmost power, and last period of Our life, to keep entire and immovable; and will be careful, according to Our duty to Heaven, and the tenor of the aforesaid most saCRed Oath at Our Coronation, that all Our ecclesiastics, in their several Stations and Incumbencies, shall preach and practise the same. Thirdly, Before the Kingdom. The King's Declaration and Protestation before the whole Kingdom. I Do promise, in the presence of Almighty God, and as I hope for his blessing and protection, 〈…〉 that I will, to the utmost of my power, defend and maintain the true Reformed and Protestant Religion, established in the Church of England; and by the grace of God, in the same will live and die. I desire to govern by the known Laws of the Land, and that the liberty and propriety of the Subject may be by them preserved, with the same care as mine own just Rights. And if it please God, by his blessing upon this Army, raised for my necessary defence, to preserve me from this Rebellion, I do solemnly and faithfully promise, in the sight of God, to maintain the just privilege and freedom of Parliament, and to govern by the known Laws of the Land, to my utmost power, and particularly to observe inviolably the Laws consented unto by me this Parliament. In the mean while, if this time of War, and the great necessity and straits I am now driven unto, beget any violation of these, I hope it shall be imputed by God and man to the Authors of this War, and not to me, who have so earnestly laboured for the peace of this Kingdom. When I willingly fail in these particulars, I will expect no aid or relief from any man, or protection from Heaven. But in this resolution I hope for the cheerful assistance of all good men, and am confident of God's blessing. Sept. 19 The Result of all which Holy Designs, was these his own brave words, viz. Though I am sensible enough of the danger that attends my Care of the Church, yet I am resolved to defend it, or make it my Tombstone. IX His Valour, Resolution, and Conduct. A Prince of so much resolution and conduct that as he feared not a private man, lodging Hamilton in his own Chamber all that time he was accused by Rey of Treason, and saying to those that admired his confidence, That Hamilton should know he as little feared his power, as he disinherited his Loyalty; and that he durst not, notwithstanding the advantages of Night, and solitariness, attempt his life, because he was resolved to sell it so dear. It was his goodness that he desired not war, and his fortune that he prospered not in it; but his great valour and conduct when the Militia, Navy, Treasure, Magazines, and strong-holds of the Kingdom were in the factious hands (who had at first more Garrisons, Canons, and Troops, than he ●ad Families, Muskets, and Common-Souldiers) that in a few months he raised a guard into an army, and made his side the most glorious, though theirs were the more dreadful; and having this glory, that he b The Senate of Rome thanked a Consul, though he was beaten, that he did not despair of the Commonwealth never despaired of the Commonwealth: but having opportunities by his Progress abroad among his Subjects to let them see that worth in him, that odious aspersions had hitherto concealed from them; he was every where judged not only worthy of their Reverence, but of their Lives and Fortunes, which the Nobility, Gentry, Universities, ventured so far in his behalf, when they saw in him such a conduct and prudence, as deserved prosperity, when it could so well manage adversity; that when the Conspiracy thought he should hav● been deserted as a Monster of Folly and Vice, (no man either of Honour, or Conscience, being likely according to the Character they gave of him, to appear for him) he was followed by the Noblest, the Greatest, Wisest, the most Learned, and the most Honest Persons in the Kingdom; with whom, as soon as he saw the Enemy in a body, and was Asked what he meant to do? he Answered (with a present Courage) to give them Battle; It is the first time that I ever saw the Rebels in a Body, God, and good men's Prayers to him, assist the justice of my Cause. c This was at Edgehill, Oct. 13. 1641. Where, great his Conduct in managing the fight, great his Valour in approaching danger, and great his Patience in enduring hardship and pains, Lying in his Coach all night, and much his Success in pursuing the Faction to Brentford, where with the great horror of the whole Conspiracy and City, he sunk their Canon, and took 500 Prisoners: and after a long treaty at Oxford (when his moderation desired a Peace, and his fortitude had forced his Enemies to sue for it) his Prudence was eminent in the great associations he made, and his magnanimity as great in the great actions he performed at Newberry, his great Armies he got together in the North and South; the seizure and securing of 126 Garrisons in 8 months; the satisfying of all parts (notwithstanding the strange stories they were possessed with) by Speeches and Declarations; with unwearied Travels from place to place; his seasonable Overtures of Peace after each Success, with assurance of pardon for all that was passed; his forcing of the Faction to beg terms of peace, though their own guilt durst not accept of them when they had them; his keeping together so many Lords and Commons as he did at Oxford, and managing the great variety of their humours in Parliament; his diligent correspondence with Scotland and the City, the good terms he stood in with the Dutch, the Dane, and the French, and the several Supplies he procured from thence, wherewith the City itself is awed to a submission, several Parliament-men foresaw the ruin of the kingdom by a war, though yet they that had a design to raise themselves by the overthrow of Government, would not endure to hear of a peace, pretending (where the Faction was low, that it was dangerous to be compelled to peace upon disadvantage; and when it was high, that it was not fit to give away those privileges and immunities in a Treaty which they had purchased with so much blood and treasure.) The hotham's and other Criminals conscious of their miscarriage, began to relent, and offer their services to his Majesty. Hampden and Pym die, the great Boutfeous of the Nation; Waller is Defeated, and Essex adviseth to a Peace, the Earls of Bedford and Holland Revolt, Essex his Army is Reduced to the King's Mercy; and if the King had followed his own Counsels (all the kingdom being his from Cornwall to Scotland) and instead of losing time before Gloucester, but repaired immediately to London, when the Juncto had not one entire Regiment to save themselves, he had had the Heads of the Conspiracy at his mercy; and those that he could not entreat to be happy, he could have forced to be so; and those that were grown too wanton, under the blessed effects of his clemency and good, would have grown wise upon the gracious condescensions of his power; a power that should have done them more service than himself, and rendered them more happy when conquered, than he could be when a Conqueror. And yet when his Counsel was defeated, his spirit was not so; a spirit that had the patience to endure miscarriages, and the valour to remedy them; plying the Besieged at Gloucester hard by his Army, and the enemy's insinuation as hard by his Declaration, especially against the Solemn League and Covenant, an Oath that Mr. Nye himself confessed had no parallel. A confederacy of Protestants like the a In France Guisian League among the Papists. A snare laid upon the people, to swear that which was not lawful to do, much less to swear they would do against their Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy. The Conspiracy was reduced to such straits, that as men used to do in weakness, suspect own another; Essex himself being forced to Subscribe himself, Your innocent, though suspected Servant. Waller, after a long march of eight weeks, is beaten at Cropredybridge, where he lost all his Ordinance, and his General of the Artillery, Weemse the Scot, sworn Gunner to his Majesty; who being asked why he used the guns the King paid him for against him? answered, In good faith, his heart was always with his Majesty. Essex was cooped up at Lethestiel so, as that he was feign to get away in a Cockboat, and leave 10000 Horse and Foot to the mercy of his Majesty, who did them no more harm than to disarm, and engage them by oath to do no harm to their fellow Subjects. King Henry the Fourth asked one that had been hired to kill him, when he was discovered, why should he kill him who never had done him or his any harm? And the man answered, Because of his Religion. Why look (said the King) thy Religion doth teach thee to murder me, who never did thee any harm; and my Religion teacheth me to pardon thee, who wouldst thus have murdered me. If a man should have asked these poor thousands thus deserted by their Commanders, why do you fight against so gracious a Sovereign, that was so far from wronging you while you behaved yourselves like good Subjects, that he cannot punish you now you are Traitors? They would answer, It is for Religion; and all the world may judge between their Religion, who would needs fight their Liege Sovereign, when he would do them more good than they were willing to receive; and his who pardoned them when they had done all they could against him. Hitherto in other places he conquered them, and here himself; and satisfied the world that it must needs be nothing but peace, that he aimed at by his Treaties; when it was nothing but peace, that he designed by his Victories. He using this success to no other end than as earnestly to entreat them himself, and all the Noblemen and Gentlemen in his Army as earnestly to accept of peace, as if he had been conquered, he should have begged it. Willing he was to settle peace at home, and yet scorned to accept of unhandsome terms from abroad. All the world saw his Majesty's inclination to a peace, and the Rebels implacable resolution to go on with the war. The Conspirators had need of their Brethren the Scots, and the Scots, upon the refusal of his Majesty's Propositions, were ashamed of them; whence, when they were not likely to be assisted from abroad, they beg, but upon hard conditions, a peace at home. Conditions that his Majesty would not yield to in his lowest condition, though he would have done any thing but sin, to obtain peace at the highest. A peace that they must have yielded to, had not they new-modelled their design and their army, by a selfdenying Ordinance, cashiering all Officers that retained any degree of sobriety; and a new model, taking in all Sectaries, to enlarge and make desperate their party. Sad is the news the Rebels hear from all parts of England, but very good that which his Majesty heard from Scotland; where his friends increased as much as theirs decreased here, such moderate men as Essex, the a Who had an honest design to undo the whole Conspiracy. Earl of Manchester, and Denbigh laying down their Commissions, when they saw such taking Commission as had laid down all thoughts of peace. They were first entertained, because a war could not be begun without the countenance of sober men, but afterwards they were laid aside by the politic self-denial Ordinance, because the war would be no longer continued by such. In a word, to such success had the conduct and magnanimity of his Majesty arrived, that 1645. he writes to the Queen, That he might without being too sanguine affirm, that since the Rebellion his affairs were never in so hopeful a way. Not to mention his great personal valour at Naseby, a valour and conduct that deserved success though at last it wanted it, the King having other virtues that were to be rendered glorious by sufferings, as this had been by actions; and therefore he was Betrayed, not Overcome; Sold, and not Conquered. And yet as his great Spirit at his best fortune endeavoured an honourable Peace, so at his worse he would not admit of a dishonourable one; for measuring his Propositions not by the event of affairs, but by his own Conscience, he stands to the same terms when Defeated, as he did when Conqueror; never betraying his People's Liberties to those Usurpers in hope of a Peace, in the defence of which he thought fit to undertake a war. I know not which is most magnanimous, that he should with so much hazard venture his Person so resolutely, and manage his cause against their Politicians and Divines so bravely, or that he should with so much honour correspond with the Parliament in his own single Person, answering the arguments of the one, and the proud messages of the other, and gaining that Conquest by his Pen, that he could not by his Sword: He is contented to discharge all his Garrisons and Armies, and that excellent Association in the West, form by the Prince, with the assistance of Sir Edward Hide, etc. being upon a design of overcoming his Enemies, as he did Henderson, etc. and all that had the happiness to know him by his own Person, and being likely to do more by a Peace, than either others, or indeed he himself could do by a war, cutting those more than Gordian knots with the sharpness of his own single reason, that could not be by the edge of all England's Sword; when the Scots after many debates with the English, had not the courage to stand to their Promise, Oath, and Honour, in keeping the King's Person, he owned a magnanimity whereby he kept Free, even when delivered, his own Conscience; they could not be true to duty, when tempted with 800000 ●. nor he unworthy to his trust, though tempted with three Kingdoms: And now that King that with his bare presence had raised an Army in the beginning of the war, that gave a Cheque to Rebellion four years now by his own Conduct (when he had not one (as they phrased it) Evil Counsellor about him) and gallant Sufferings, he raised the City, and all the Kingdom, to reduce the Rebels to reason, there being in his lowest condition 54000 Men (and most of them such as had Engaged against him) up in his defence in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England, and things were brought to that pass, by his excellent managery, that the very Army that overcame him, did not think themselves safe, but under his Protection, and therefore they ventured their Master's displeasure, to gain the King's Person, each Party thinking its self more or less considerable, as they wanted or enjoyed him. The Parliament, as they call it, Voting his Concessions Satisfactory, on the one hand, and the Army declaring their Propositions to the King unreasonable: They that durst fight his Armies, yet so far Reverenced his Person, that they did that to him in his lowest condition, that is usually done to Princes in their highest, and that is Flatter him, the one saying that he had done enough, and the other that he had done too much. What a brave sight it was to see him able to manage his greatest misfortunes with Honour, and his Enemies their greatest Victories with Confusions, the Army against the Houses, the Commons against the Lords, yea one part against another, the City for and against both, the Common Soldiers by a new way of Agitation, whereby they could spread and manage any treason, sedition, intelligence, plot and design throughout the Army in a moment, by two or three of the most active, or desperate, in a Company or Regiment: And he all the while above all these enjoying the calm that sits in the Upper Region; neither yielding to his Enemies nor his misfortues; insomuch that when they were so barbarous as to let him want Linen, he said, They had done so for two months, but he would not afford them the pleasure of knowing that he wanted. Yea, and when some of them were too saucy with him in private, he could, though their Prisoner, civillize them with his look, and Cane. In a word, the King's fortitude appeared as eminent as his other vertures (though ecclypsed, as the Divine power is to some men's apprehensions, by his mercy) in that he could say to the last, that he should never think himself weakened, while he enjoyed the use of his reason, and while God supplied with inward resolutions what he denied him in outward strength, by which resolution he meant not a morosity to deny what is fit to be granted, but a spirit not to grant what Religion and Justice denied. I shall never think myself (they are his own Royal expressions) less than myself, while I am able thus to preserve the integrity of my Conscience. X What great things the King granted, and did for the Nation, during the 23 years that he reigned. A Prince thus excellent in himself, and choice in his Council, made up of persons eminent for their services for or against him: for parts and abilities he equally valued in his enemies and in his friends, and when he saw hopeful, and accomplished persons lavishing their worth upon a faction, and a private interest; if they were not of desperate principles, he would encourage them to lay it out upon the government and the public good. A Prince that never suffered a subject to go sad from him, never denied his people, but what they have seen since that they could not saefly enjoy. That Prince, who besides the great examples he gave them, and the great intercessions and services he did for them, begun his Reign with the highest Act of Grace that he could, or any King did in the World. I mean the granting of the Petition of Right, wherein he secured his People's estates from Taxes that are not given in Parliament, and their Lives, Liberties, and Estates, from all Proceedings not agreeable to Law. A King that permitted his chief favourite and Counsellor, the D. of Buckingham, whose greatest fault was his Majesty's favour; to satisfy the Kingdom, both in Parliament and Star-chamber, in the way of a public Process. And gave up Mainwaring and Sibthorpe, both (as I take it) his Chaplains, to answer for themselves in Parliament, saying, He that will preach more than he can prove, Let him suffer: Yea and was contented to hold some part of his Revenue, as Tonnage, Poundage, etc. which was derived to him from his Ancestors by Inheritance, by gift from the Parliament. A Prince that pardoned and preferred all his Enemies; that though accountable to none but God, gave yet a just account of himself and treasures to the People, saving them in two years from ordinary expenses 347264 l. 15s. 6d. and gaining them by making London the bank for Spanish, Dutch, and Danish treasures 445981 l. 2s. 3d. that dashed most of the Projects that were proposed to him for raising money, and punished the Projectors, that designed no worse things in Religion, than Uniformity, Peace, Decency, Order, the rights and maintenance of the Church, and the honour of Churchmen, and in the State no more than the necessary defence of the Kingdom from dangers abroad, and disorders at home, which he maintained several years at his own charge; that by destroying several of the Dutch Herring Busses, and forcing the rest, with all Dutch Merchants, to trade only by permission in the Narrow Seas, opened a brave trade to the English Nation. A King that took so much pains to oblige his Loving Subjects, going twice in person as far as Scotland (though against the inclination of most of his Counselors, who looked upon the Scotch Faction, as a sort of people, that under the pretence of a specious way of plain speaking and dealing, concealed the greatest animosities and reaches) and twice with an Army, rather to pacify than overthrow the Rebels; treating with them as a Father of his Country, when, in all probability, he might have ruined them, if he had proceeded against them 1639. and 1640. as a King, and not, in imitation of the Divine Majesty, wrapped up the dreadful power he carried then with him, in gracious condescensions of mercy. A King, that of 346. Libelers, seditious Writers, discovered Conspirators against his Crown, Dignity and Authority in Church and State, put none to death; and punished but five throughout his whole Reign. A King, in whose Reign there were such good Canons made, that Judge Crook, a Dissenter about Ship-money, blessed God when he read them, that he lived to see such Canons made for the Church. A King, that publicly declared, That he was rosolved to put himself freely upon the love and affections of his subjects. One of the two Propositions he made the Parliament 1640. being to desire them to propose their grievances, wherein he promised them to concur so heartily and clearly with them, that all the World might see, That his intentions ever have been, and are, to make this a glorious and flourishing Kingdom. And to show his good inclination to Religion, married his eldest Daughter to an ordinary Protestant Prince: And to the welfare of the Kingdom, he tied himself to a Triennial Parliament, allowing this Parliament to sit as long as they thought fit, and for a time to order the Militia; entreating them to set down, what they thought necessary for him to grant, or them to enjoy; vacating for their sake the Courts of Star-Chamber, and High-Commissions; the Wards, the Forests; the Court on the Marches of Wales, and the North, Monopolies, f For which the last Parliament would have given him 600000 l. Ship-money, his haereditary right to Tonnage and Poundage, the Bishop's Votes in Parliament; and doing so much for peace, that one ask Mr. Hampden, a leading Card amongst them, What they would have him do more? was answered, That renouncing all his Authority, he should cast himself wholly on the Parliament. Yea, as if this had not been enough, A King that suffered all his Ministers of State to clear their innocency before public Judicatures, in the face of the World; and though accountable only to him for their actions, yet ready to appeal to their very accusers themselves for their Integrity; And yet not so willing to remit his friends to Justice, as his Enemies to favour, if either they had harkened to the reiterated Proclamations of Pardon sent to them during the War, or acquiesced in the g At the Isle of Wight. Amnesty offered to, and accepted by them; after it, an Amnesty that they might have securely trusted to, when he bestowed upon them not only their lives, but likewise for some years all the power over the Militia of the Kingdom to make good that pardon by which they held their lives: neither had they only the Sword in their hands to defend, but all places of trust, authority, and Judicature to secure and enrich themselves; the King allowing them for so long a time, not only to enjoy all their own places, but to dispose of all others; adding this favour too, that they who grudged him a power to raise money to supply his occasions, should have what power they pleased to raise money to satisfy their own demands; and when he had confirmed the pardon of the Kingdom in general, he offered the renovation of all Charters, and Corporation Privileges in particular, denying nothing that their ambition or covetousness could desire, or his Conscience grant; being willing to be no King himself, that his people might be happy Subjects; and to accept of a titular Kingdom, on condition they had a peaceable one. In Religion its self (wherein he denied most, because he had less powe● to grant, those points being not his own Prerogatives, but those of the King of Kings) he grants his Adversaries Liberty of Conscience for themselves and their followers, on condition he might have the same liberty to himself and his followers; desiring no more than to enjoy that freedom as a Sovereign, that they claimed as Subjects. Any thing he yielded they should take from his Clergy, but what God gave them; Concluding, That he desired them to be subject to him, no further than that he and they might be subject to God. XII His Sufferings. That a King that was and did so as he was and did, should be first suspected, and then opposed, should be rendered ridiculous abroad, and odious at home, should easier persuade his foreign enemies to a Peace, than his own subjects to contribute to a War, and that of their own advising and persuading: That such a King should first suffer in his prime Favourites and Ministers of State, and then in his own Person: That such a King should be forced to sell his Crown Lands; to defend and serve them, who would by no means yield any thing to maintain him; yea, questioned Sr. john Wolstenhome, Mr. Dawes, and Mr. Caermarthen, Farmers of the Customhouse, for levying his ancient Revenue of Tonnage and Poundage, unless he acknowledged that as their favour, which to maintain Convoy and Trade, he enjoyed as an haereditary Right: That under such a King, any should say as Cook and Turner did, That the People had better perish by a foreign War, than by a domestic Oppresssion; and it should be a capital offence to enjoy his favour: That one sort of subjects should invade, and other abbet and libel him: That his ancient Kingdom of Scotland should throw themselves upon the h As appears by a Letter under London's hand● to desire Protection of the French King. French King, and the Kingdom of England upon French Counsels and Designs: That so good a Master should be betrayed by his Servants, have his Pocket picked, his Letters discovered, as Hamilton did Montross', and the E. of H. i And a Lady, that formerly had followers for beau●y, and ●ow for intelligence. did the design against the five Members: That malapert Burgesses should bawl out Remonstrances, and k ●s Fulke and Venus did. Citizens affronts against so great and so excellent a Majesty. It was introllerable to frame Conventicles, Associations, and Conspiracies, against his proceedings in Church and State; but horrid to do so against his Person. That when they had stood out many years against allowing him any Taxes without their consent, they shall seize his Crown and Dignity without his; that those whom he had raised from the people, should adhere to the people against him; and when they had corresponded with armies that are but tumults mustered in the North, they should encourage tumults, which are but indisciplined armies in the South; that the one might drive him out of his Kingdom for fear, and the other out of the Royal City for shame; that the Scots should sight, and he not dare to call them a He called them Rebels in the first Speech Oct 3 1640. 〈◊〉 was forced to explain himself afterwards. Rebels; and his faithful Counsellors should assist him, and he not dare to own them as friends. That such a King should be b As he was to that first 1640. by Sir H V. who ex● asperated them by demanding twice more Subsidies than he had order to d●, 〈◊〉 so occasioned their Dissolution. And to the Parliament of Scotland by H. and Tra. who under the pretence of being Mediators and Commissioners, put the worse constructions they could upon his actions to the Parliament, and upon theirs to him. abused to Parliaments by his servants, and to his people by Parliaments; should be first entreated out of his Magazines, Castles, and whole Militia, and then fought against with them; should be forced out of one Town, and shut out of another; should see his Queen threatened with Articles at one time, and (though she would not believe that, being loath to think, the English should do her any ill offices, to whom she had done none but good) afterwards impeached (without any regard to Sex, Virtues, Birth, Allies, and Majesty, circumstances that would have guarded her from the Barbarous) for no other fault, but for owning that obedience to her Lord and Husband, which they had renounced to their Sovereign. That such a Prince should see his whole Court Voted and dealt with as Traitors, his Estate Sequestered for Delinquency, his Clergy and Church (which he was by oath obliged to defend and maintain in its due rights) ruined for keeping the Fifth Commandment, and Rom. 13. his Churches turned to Stables, his Loyal Subjects Murdered, Plundered, Banished, and he not able to help them, his Laws and Edicts overruled by, I know not what Orders and Ordinances, his Seals and great Offices of State counterfeited, all the costly ornaments of Religion ruined and defaced; Learning, that was his honour and his care, trampled on, by its and his old enemies the Ignorant. These are things that the world could never believe till it felt them, and will not believe when the impressions of them are worn off. This wise and good King, the same in all fortunes, was he that must pardon his enemies, but must except his friends out of pardon; he that when all his Subjects had sworn Oaths of Allegiance to him, must swear an oath devised by his Subjects (called Covenant) against himself. He, without whom no oath could he imposed upon the Subjects, hath an oath imposed upon him by his Subjects; and in that oath, must swear that government in the Church Anti-christian, which was the only Christian government for 1500 years. And when Divines dispute that and other points probably, the poor King and his people must swear them peremptorily. He that saw an army raised for the King (that is, himself) and Parliament against himself; and the instruments of death leveled against his person in his name. And heard the very people promise to make him a glorious King, who murdered him. He that a people complained to of grievances, that would not endure the remedies; that complained that he made and continued a war, when they would not endure a peace; and when they had voted his Concessions sufficient grounds to proceed on to the settlement of the kingdom, and yet ruined it. He that they declared against for raising a Guard at York, Nottingham, to secure himself, etc. when they raised at Army at London to Take, Imprison, and Murder him. That must be author of all the blood shed in the three Nations, after all his Concessions, Messages, Declarations, Treaties, and Overtures, a sea and mercy to 20000 Rebels to staunch it. And when all the blood that was spilt before his death, was to rob him of his life and government, as appears by the five times more blood that was spilt after his death, to make good that robbery and murder. He that saw a war begun to remove his evil Council, and ended in the taking off his Head; and that was said to begin a war, when his first was dated the very day his enemy's army was mustered; the Faction having ordered an army to take him, before he thought of one to save himself. This is that Prince, that saw a people in the Name of God, lay hands on his anointed, Preachers of the Gospel of peace trumpet it for war; Religion made an argument against obedience, and the Holy Spirit urged against peace and love, and the Text, He that resisteth the King, the Ordinance of God, resisteth to his own damnation, understood thus: He that resisteth not shall be Sequestered; and (that) Curse ye Meroz, that came not to help the Lord against the Mighty, (thus) Curse ye all Englishmen, that help not the Rebellious against Gods Anointed: And Fear God, Honour the King; into fear the Lord, and kill the King: and that where the word of a King there is power, understood thus: The King shall not have a Negative Voice. A King that saw himself Engaged, Imprisoned, and Impeached for the people's sake, in spite of the people's teeth, both those that were at first against him, being undeceived, and those that were always for him, indeed the whole Nations of England and Scotland venturing their lives to rescue the King, when he was imprisoned in their name, accused for shedding their blood, when they were killed by their fellow Subjects, because they desired to save his. A King that saw a Parliament accuse him of Breach of Privileges, when he came but to demand five men suspected for holding Intelligence with a Foreign Nation, and yet the same Parliament suffer tamely its own Army to pull out by the ears more than half of the best Members, that remained there for promoting the peace of their, and Vote it the Privilege of the Subjects, to make tumults from all parts of the kingdom about Westminster, to fright King and Bishops from the Parliament, and a Breach of their Privilege for the same people in throngs there from as many parts of the kingdom, to Petition the return of the one and the other. He from whom they extorted so much liberty in pretence for the Subject, had neither liberty for himself, being confined to hard Prisons, and harder Limitations, and Propositions, nor for the Subjects; who had they enjoyed their own freedom, had never endured his captivity. He that could not deny the kingdom a Free-Parliament, consisting of above an hundred Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and five hundred Commons, lived to see that very Parliament Exclude all its Lords, and Reduce the five hundred Commons to thirty; who in the name of the people, when there was not one in five thousand of them but would have ventured his life against it, threaten his life, whom they had sworn when they entered that House, to defend; prepare to judge him, who called them there to consult with them; talk as if they would put a period to his days, who gave them their being (little dreaming that while they aimed at his Royal Neck, they cut off their own: for what is a Parliament called to advise with the King, if there be no King to advise with?) He must be tried in whose name all others are tried, by that Law himself hath made, by those people that had sworn, protested, and covenanted, with hands lift up to the most high God in public, and pawned their souls and all that they had, privately to restore him, whose only fault was, that he went from that Parliament that murdered him, when he returned to them. Riddles! Cromwell, Whaley, Ireton, etc. and the Army, weep and grieve (but the Hyena weeps when it intends to devour) at the hard conditions the Houses put upon him; and the Houses are displeased with the Armies hard usage of him, and yet both ruin him; the one bringing him to the Block, and holding him there by the Hair of the Head, and the other cutting off his Head. The Scots durst not trust the Cavaliers with him, nor the Houses the Scots, nor the Army (a King at lowest advanceth that party where he is, though a prisoner) the Houses, nor the Juncto all the Army; nor N. the Juncto, being never safe till he put his finger into the Royal Neck, to see after execution, whether the head were really severed from the body? All the quarrel was, that the Cavaliers kept the King from the Parliament, and the meaning of it, it seems was, That they kept him from the Block. A Prince, they destroyed that they durst not despise, all the Grandees in the Army not daring to own the least murderous thoughts towards him publicly, when they set a Who after the King, death, finding their Master's jugglers, would have done in much for them as they had done for the King, until the Officers would have laid them aside which they could not do till several of them were executed. Agitators, i. e. two active Soldiers out of every Regiment in the Army (now modelled into such desperate Sects and Villainies) to consult about the horrid Fact in private, and to draw a bloody Paper, as the Agreement of the people, which was but a conspiracy of Traitors; Cromwell assuring the King, as he had a soul, that he should be restored. And his Son Ireton at the same time Drawing up a Remonstrance that he should die. The Army treat him like a Prince (and that they might deceive his devout soul the more securely, allow him the service of his Chaplains, and the Liberty of his Conscience, the greatest enjoyments left him in this world) with a design the more successfully to use him like a Traitor. Ah brave Prince! that none durst have abused, had they owned what they design, whom the Houses had saved, had they not been Cajoled by the Army; and the Army, had it not been Cajoled by the Houses. The King granted too much (saith Sir H. V. to him at the Isle of Wight) and too little saith the same man to the Houses) and the King must die, when whatsoever they asked, they meant his life. If the Tears, Prayers, Petitions, Treasures, or Blood of the Nation; if the intercession of foreign Princes; if the importunity of all the good Relations that these Regicides had, whereof one pressed hard on O. C. himself, though without effect, whence ever after he disowned his Relation and Name; if the endeavours of Loyal souls to do that justice upon the Traitors that durst judge their King, as one Burghill on Bradshaw, as soon as he heard he was to be Precedent, who, if not betrayed by his friend Cook, had died the Villains robes in his own blood, before he could have done it in the Kings. If the great Overtures of the Earls of Lindsey and Southampton, the Duke of Richmond, and the Marquis of Hertford, to ransom their Sovereign, all ways imaginable, even with their own blood; Offering, that as they his Servants did all that was done under him, so (he, as King, being capable of doing no wrong) they might suffer all for him. If the horror that seized all Princes of the world, Turkish and Heathenish, as well as Christian, upon the news of it, with the hatred and scandal thence arising to the English Nation; if the dissent of the Lords, and all other persons of any quality that went along with them till now, and had never suffered this to have happened the King, but that (by the just hand of God) as bad had happened them; that very Army that they employed to turn his Majesty out of his just Power, pulled them out of their usurped one. If the Declarations of their own Judges; if the strong Prayers and Sermons, that could raise Armies against his Majesty, endeavouring to advance the like for him; if the Rational, Pathetic, and Powerful Remonstrances from all parts of the kingdom; if the pressing of their own Oaths, the scandal of Religion, the ruin of the Nation; if any Laws or Precedents, had been of force to have prevented this Crimen post homines natos inauditum, it had been only a Theory in some malcontent Jesuits melancholy Chamber of Meditation, and not the subject of this Book. But stay Reader, and take that Treason in the retail of it, that thou art amazed at in the gross: See a King, having treated at the Isle of Wight, upon the faith of a kingdom, for his honour and life, in the face of that kingdom bereft of both. A King, that had the Oaths and Protestations of three Kingdoms to secure his life, losing it in one of them; where the the Rebels (like the thiefs that sat on Shuters-hill, upon the honest man for felony) impeach him of that treason they themselves were guilty of. Fond men! that when neither Rolfs Pistols, B's Dagger, Is Poison, nor other instruments a Where ●n● lay with a Sword and Pistal without ready is murder the King if became out, while others persuaded him to escape out through that window within. of Assassination laid about his doors and windows, could dispatch a Majesty, that a great while they durst not, against so many obligations of heaven and earth, put to death; and yet durst, against their own fears and guilt suffer to live! They durst judge and condemn him, aggravating a horrid treason, with a more horrid pretence: Hereby Law and Justice were forced (like Queen Anne Bulloigns Father, being Judge at his Daughter's death) to assist in a Parricide against their own Father and Author. Why these ceremonies, formalities, and circumstances of Villainy? why doth Treason choose the Bench, rather than the Vault? and to Sentence rather than to Blow up; but that the Traitors within being more Villains than those without, had a design to render Justice itself as ridiculous as the great Master of it; and assassinate Law itself, as well as the Lawgiver. First, they lay violent hands on themselves (threatening the Lords, they should Sat no longer if they concurred not, and reducing the House of Commons to forty, of the reproach of that Assembly) and then on his Majesty. It was necessary first, that they should murder the Parliament, by excluding, vexing, and abusing above four hundred of the Commons, and laying aside all the Lords, before they could come at the King; and leave not a sober man in power, before they rob that good Man of his life. This contemptible forty, of whom yet twenty dissented, Vote with their Mercenary and Fanatic Army, with whom b A Vote once before Passed, but surreptitiously, and repealed by the whole House. they hoped to share in their spoils and power; no more Addresses to the King, nor any more Peace, and what was more ridiculous, adjust their own Crimes by their own Vote. Votes so daringly overturning Foundations, that all men seeing all Law and Government cut off by them at one blow, looked to their Throats, Estates, and Children, when all that secured these was at one breath overturned. Here is a power ascribed the people that they never owned, and a power derived from them that they never granted; here are the People brought in to judge their King; that abhorred it; and the King tried for war against his People, when all the People were ready to lay down their lives in a war for him. Here are the Commons of England pretended, when the whole House of Commons was almost excluded, and none but such persons (as were known Adulterers, Cheats, two Cobblers, one Brewer, one Goldsmith, one Indicted for Committing a Rape, another for writing Blasphemy against the Trinity, another having said, that Diodorus Seculus was a better Author than Moses,) first asserting to themselves this new authority, and then exercising it. These that were to be brought to the Bar themselves, bring the King, in whose name all Malefactors were tried, to the Bar himself. Those that had been eight years endeavouring to murder the King in a war, are made his Judges now that war is over. A pretty sight, to have seen Clement, Ravillaic, Faux, Catesby, and Garnet, one day endeavouring to dispatch a King, and the next advanced to be his Judges. After prayers and fasts (the great forerunners of mischief) whereby they endeavoured as impudently to engage God in the villainy he forbid, as they had done the people (for the Remonstrance framed by Ireton for questioning the King, was called the Agreement of the people) in a Treason they all abhorred. When all the Ministry of England, and indeed of the world, cried down the bloody design, contrary to Oaths, and Laws, and common reason, as the shame and disgrace of Religion: These Assassinates were satisfied with the preaments of one Pulpit Buffoon Peter's, a wretched fellow, that since he was whipped by the Governors of Cambridge when a youth, could not endure government never after; and the Revelation of a mad Herfordshire woman concurring with the proceedings of the Army, for which she was thanked by the House; her Revelations being seasonable, and proceeding from an humble spirit. All the Nation abhorred their proceedings, therefore they hasten them, and in five hours draw up such an horrid Act, as was not heard of in five thousand years. An Act of the (Commons of England) (when not one in five hundred approved it) Assembled in Parliament, (when the Parliament by the Army destroyed) for Erecting of an High Court of (pretended) justice, for the Trying, and Judging of Charles Stuart King of England, of that Treason they should have been tried for themselves. WHereas it is notorious, That Charles Stuart the now King of England, not content with those many encroachments, which his Predecessors had made upon the People in their Rights and Freedoms, hath had a wicked a And yet neither Lords, nor judges, four hundred & fifty of eight hundred Commons confess, nor a man in England, except twenty Rebels owned it. design, totally to subvert the b Villains that overthrowed all the Laws of this Nation● to try the King for doing it. When he died rather than he would do it. Ancient Laws and Liberties of this Nation: And in their place, to introduce an c They complain of his Arbitrary Power, when there was nothing more Arbitrary than for them. First, To Vote themselves, but twenty in number, to be the whole kingdom. Secondly, To Vote a Conventicle, where there were neither Lords, nor King, nor ten lawfully chosen Commons, for a Parliament. Thirdly, To Vote the King's defensive war, which he made with the assistance of his People, a Treason against his People. Fourthly, To Vote him guilty of that blood that they shed. Fifthly, To Vote him a Traitor, when there is no Treason but against him. And what was more than all the rest, to Vote themselves, after a Nation had been an hereditary Monarchy for a thousand years, the Supreme Power of it in an hour. Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government, with Fire and Sword d When they began the war against him, who with his people was forced to defend himself, or be accessary to that overthrow of all Religion and Government, which (though not believed) he saw they aimed at then, and all the world saw they designed now. Levied and Maintained a cruel War in the Land, against the Parliament and Kingdom; whereby the Country hath been miserably wasted, the public Treasury exhausted, Trade decayed, and thousands of People murdered, and infinite of other mischiefs committed. For all which High and Treasonable Offences, the said Charles Stuart might long since be brought to e Not till the Traitors had set a force upon the whole Nation, those very persons against whom he began the war abhorring the thoughts of calling him in question for it; and thinking it a great favour if they could be secured from being called in question for it themselves. Observe the impudence of the men, these slaves and instruments, that durst not fight against the King, but in the names of the Lords and Commons, yet dare murder him in their own, and that for levying war against those Lords and Commons, to whom, before they could meddle with the King, they offered violence themselves. exemplary and condign punishment: Whereas also the f The Parliament, as they called it, had received such Concessions in order to a peace, that this murder could never have been attempted upon the King, till these wretches had attempted another violence upon them. The Parliament, they say, delayed this judgement, when God knows they always abhorred it; and these men first turned out of the House, for refusing to consent to this murder, and then they commit the murder in their name. Parliament well hoping that the restraint and imprisonment of his person (after it had pleased God to deliver him into their hands) would have quieted the disturbers of this kingdom, did forbear to proceed judicially against him: But found by sad experience, that such their remissness served only to encourage Him and his Complices, in the continuance of their evil g Observe all the practices and commotions they talk of as of late raised for the King, were but the endeavours of those very men that first employed the Army against the King, to rescue the King and themselves from the power of that Army; and whereas these wretches say the Parliament Order the King's Trial, it was the Parliament that encouraged all those tumults and commotions 47, 48. to deliver the King from that Trial. practices, and in raising of new Commotions, Designs, and Invasions; for prevention therefore of the like greater inconveniencies; and to the end that no Magistrate or Officer whatsoever, may hereafter presume, traitorously and maliciously, to imagine or contrive, the enslaving or destroying of the English Nation, and to expect impunity in so doing: Be it Ordained and Enacted by the Commons in Parliament Assembled, and it is hereby Ordained and Enacted by the Authority thereof; That Thomas Lord Fairfax General, Oliver Cromwell Lieutenant General, Henry Ireton Commissary General, Philip Skippon Major General, Sir Hardress Waller, Colonel Valentine Walton, Col. Thomas Harrison, Col. Edward whaley, Col. Thomas Pride, Col. Isaac Ewers, Col. Rich. Ingoldsby, Col. Rich. Dean, Col. John Okey, Col. Robert Overton, Col. John Harrison, Col. John Desborow, Col. William Goffe., Col. Robert Duckinfield, Col. Rowland Wilson, Col. Henry Martin, Col. William Purefoy, Col. Godfrey Bosvile, Col. Herbert Morley, Col. John Barkstead, Col. Matthew Tomlinson, Col. John Lambert, Col. Edmund Ludlow, Col. John Hutchinson, Col. Robert Tichborne, Col. Owen Roe, Col. Robert Mainwaring, Col. Robert Lilburn, Col. Adrian Scroop, Col. Algernoon Sidney, Col. John Moor, Col. Francis Lassells, Col. Alexander Rigby, Col. Edmund Harvey, Col. John Venn, Col. Anthony Staply, Col. Thomas Horton, Col. Thomas Hammond, Col. George Fenwyck, Col. George Fleetwood, Col. John Temple, Col. Thomas Wait, Sir Henry Mildmay, Sir Thomas Honywood, Thomas Lord Grey, Philip Lord Lisle, William Lord Mounson, Sir John Danvers, Sir Thomas Maleverer, Sir John Bourchier, Sir James Harrington, Sir William Brereton, Robert Wallop, William Heveningham Esquires, Isaac Pennington, Thomas Atkins Aldermen, Sir Peter Wentworth, Thomas Trenchard, Jo. Blackstone, Gilbert Millington Esquires, Sir William Constable, Sir Arthur Hasilrigg, Michael Livesey, Richard Salway, Humphrey Salway, Cor. Holland, Jo. Carey Esquires, Sir William Armin, John Jones, Miles Corbet, Francis Allen, Thomas Lister, Ben. Weston, Peter Pelham, Jo. Gurdon Esquires, Francis Thorp Esq. Sergeant at Law, Jo. Nutt, Tho. chaloner, Jo. Anlaby, Richard Darley, William Say, John Aldred, Jo. Nelthrop Esquires, Sir William Roberts, Henry Smith, Edmund Wild, John chaloner, Josias Berne●s, Dennis Bond, Humphrey Edwards, Greg. Clement, Jo. Fry, Tho. Wogan Esquires, Sir Greg. Norton, Jo. Bradshaw Esquire, Sergeant at Law; Jo. Dove Esquire, John Fowke, Thomas Scot Aldermen, Will. Cawley, Abraham Burrel, Roger Gratwicke, John Downes Esquires, Robert Nichols Esquire, Sergeant at Law; Vincent Potter Esquire, Sir Gilbert Pickering, Jo. Weavers, Jo. Lenthal, Robert Reynolds, Jo. Lisle, Nich. Love Esquires, Sir Edward Baynton, Jo. Corbett, Tho. Blunt, Tho. Boone, Aug. Garland, Aug. Skenner, Jo. Dixwel, Simon Meyne, Jo. Browne, Jo. Lowry, Esq. etc. Neither were they only bold enough to Vote among themselves this horrid murder, but likewise to try the pulse of the people, they a By Dendy the Kings own Sergeant at Arms Son. Proclaim it first at Whitehall Gate, and when they saw the people endured that, afterwards (upon Peter's motion, who said, they did nothing, if they did it not in the City) at Temple-barr, and the Exchange. Indeed, all was hushed and silent! but with a dreadful silence, made up of amazement and horror; the very Traitors themselves, not daring to own their new Treason, persuaded the Nation that they would not do, even what they were most busy about; most people being of opinion, that they might fright, none thinking they durst (against all the reason and religion in the world, and the great and dreadful obligations of their own Oaths and Protestations) murder Him. Yet these aforesaid Assassinates meet in the Painted-chamber, become now the Jesuits Chamber of Meditation, to consult about the slaughter; and being heated by one or two of their Demagogues, that persuaded them that the Saints (saying, that there were 5000. as good Saints in the Army, as any were in Heaven) should Bind the Kings in Chains, and the Nobles with Fetters of Iron, beseeching them, with bended knees, and lift up eyes and hands (in the people's name) who yet were ready to have stoned them, not to let Benhadad go. They dare (but guarded strongly by a set of Executioners like themselves) to Convene before them, jan. 19 1648. Charles King of England, etc. (hurried, against the Public Faith given him for his Honour and Safety, first, to Hurstcastlt, to see whether he might be poisoned by the unwholesomeness of that place (and thence with b Not being permitted to breakfast, being reviled all the way by P. and others that rid by him; the King being put upon a loan 〈◊〉 jade. several affronts, not to be endured by any man, much less a Prince) to a place more unwholesome than Westminster) and now to be deprived of his life, as he had been before of his kingdoms. Here the conspiracy might be seen in a body (having lost most of its parts, save a few villains, that would needs take away the King's life, because they would not beg their own life, being one of those courtesies we are unwillingly beholding for, so hard it is for a man to trust another for his life, who (he knoweth) is conscious that he deserveth not to enjoy it) contemptible and little. A poor Pettifogger Bradshaw, that had taken the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy but three Weeks before, leading the Herd as Precedent, and the whole Plot in his draught: Which after a traitorous Speech of bradshaw's opening their pretended authority and resolution to make inquisition for blood, and the Kings laying his Staff thrice on brazenfaced Cooks back, to hold the Libel, was read by a Clerk The Traitor's Charge of Treason against their Sovereign, consisting of sixteen Traitorous Positions. THat the said Charles Stuart being a He was born so. admitted King of England, and therein trusted with a b He was a free Monarch. limited power to govern by, and according to the Laws of the Land, and not otherwise: And by his Trust, Oath, and Office, being obliged to use the power committed to him for the good and benefit of the people, and for the preservation of their Rights and Liberties; Yet nevertheless, out of a wicked c What his design and theirs were, the world hath lately seen. design, to erect and uphold in himself and Unlimited and Tyrannical Power, to Rule according to his d He d●ed because he would not allow an Arbitrary Power, and they killed him by an Arbitrary Power. Will, and to overthrow the Rights and Liberties of the People; yea, to take away, and make void the Foundations thereof, and of all redress and remedy of Misgovernment, which by the Fundamental Constitutions of this Kingdom were reserved on the People's behalf, in the Right and Power of frequent and successive Parliaments, or National meetings in Counsel. He the said Charles Stuart, for accomplishment of such his designs, and for the protecting of himself and his adherents, in his and their wicked practices; to the same end, hath traitorously and maliciously e He levied war to defend a King, and they to murder one. levied war against the f Have dare they take away his life, for levying war in his own defence, against the Seditious part of the Parliament, and 〈◊〉 Army of Rebels, when these the Parliaments sworn servants, lay violent hand● on the whole Parliament, to take away his life. He would have punished two or three rebellious Parliament-men, they turn out the whole House; he fought the traitorous Army they sen● against him, these Members of that Army turn out those they fought under; he must be a Traitor against the Parliament, and yet within a fortnight before they set on his assassination, they break trouble, and abuse that Parliament, as if it were Treason to be against the Parliament, when they were against the King; but no Treason to be against them, when now they were for him. Parliament and People therein represented. Particularly, upon or about the thirtieth day of june, in the year of our Lord, one thousand six hundred forty and two, at Beverley in the County of York; and upon or about the thirtieth day of july, in the year aforesaid, in the County of the City of York; and upon or about the twenty fourth day of August, in the same year, at the County of the Town of Nottingham, (when, and where he set up his Standard of war;) and upon or about the twenty third day of October, in the same year, at Edge-hill and Keinton- field, in the County of Warwick; and upon or about the thirtieth day of November, in the same year, at Brainford, in the County of Middlesex; and upon or about the thirtieth day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand six hundred forty and three, at Cavesham-bridge near Reading, in the County of Berks; and upon or about the thirtieth day of October, in the year last mentioned, at or near the City of Gloucester; and upon or about the thirtieth day of November, in the year last mentioned, at Newbury, in the County of Berks; and upon or about the one and thirtieth day of july, in the year of our Lord, one thousand six hundred forty and four, at Cropredybridge, in the County of Oxon; and upon or about the thirtieth day of September, in the year last mentioned, at Bodmin, and other places adjacent, in the County of Cornwall; and upon or about the thirtieth day of November, in the year last mentioned, at Newbury aforesaid; and upon or about the eight of june, in the year of our Lord, one thousand six hundred forty and five, at the Town of Leicester; and also upon the fourteenth day of the same month, in the same year, at Naseby-field, in the County of Northampton. At which several times and places, or most of them, and at many other places in this Land, at several other times, within the years aforementioned: And in the year of our Lord, one thousand six hundred forty and six; He, the said Charles Stuart, hath caused and procured many thousands of the Free-people of the Nation to be slain; and by Divisions, Parties, and Insurrections within this Land, by Invasions from Foreign Parts, endeavoured and procured by him, and by many other evil ways and means: He, the said Charles Stuart, hath not only maintained and carried on the said war, both by Land and Sea, during the years beforementioned; but also, hath renewed, or caused to be renewed, the said war against the Parliament and good People of this Nation, in this present year, one thousand six hundred forty and eight, in the Counties of Kent, Essex, Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex, and many other Counties and Places in England and Wales, and also by Sea: And particularly, He, the said Charles Stuart, hath for that purpose, given Commission to his Son the Prince, and others; whereby, besides multitudes of other persons, many such, as were by the Parliament entrusted, and employed for the safety of the Nation, being by Him or his Agents corrupted, to the betraying of their Trust, and revolting from the Parliament, have had Entertainment and Commission, for the continuing and renewing War and Hostility against the said Parliament and People, as aforesaid. By which cruel and unnatural wars by Him, the said Charles Stuart, Levied, Continued, and Renewed, as aforesaid, much innocent blood of the Free-people of this Nation hath been spilt, Families undone, the Public Treasury wasted and exhausted, Trade obstructed and miserably decayed, vast expense and damage to the Nation incurred, and many parts of the Land spoiled, some of them even to desolation. And for further prosecution of evil Designs; He, the said Charles Stuart, doth still continue his Commissions to the said Prince, and other Rebels and Revolters, both English and Foreigners, and to the Earl of Ormond, and to the Irish Rebels and Revolters associated with him; from whom further invasions upon this Land are threatened, upon the procurement and on the behalf of the said Charles Stuart. All which wicked Designs, Wars, and evil Practices of Him, the said Charles Stuart, have been, and are carried on, for the advancing and upholding of the Personal Interest of Will and Power, and pretended Prerogative to Himself and his Family, against the Public Interest, common Right, Liberty, Justice, and Peace of the People of this Nation, by and for whom he was entrusted as aforesaid. By all which it appeareth, that He the said Charles Stuart, hath been, and is the Occasioner, Author, and Contriver of the said Unnatural, Cruel, and Bloody Wars; and therein guilty of all the Treasons, Murders, Rapines, Burnings, Spoils, Desolations, Damage and Mischiefs to this Nation, acted and committed in the said wars, or occasioned thereby. And the said john Cook by protestation (saving on the behalf of the People of England, the liberty of Exhibiting at any time hereafter, any other Charge against the said Charles Stuart, and also of replying to the Answers which the said Charles Stuart shall make to the Premises, or any of them, or any other Charge that shall be so exhibited) doth for the said Treasons and Crimes, on behalf of the said People of England, Impeach the said Charles Stuart as a Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a Public and Implacable Enemy to the Commonwealth of England: And pray that the said Charles Stuart King of England, may be put to answer all and every the Premises; That such Proceedings, Examinations, Trials, Sentence, and Judgement, may be hereupon had, as shall be agreeable to Justice. A Charge ridiculous in the matter of it, laying that war to the King's charge, for which they should have been hanged themselves; accusing him for breaking the Privileges of Parliaments, when they had the other day dissolved the very Being of them; and pretending the common good, when two or three years discovered, the whole Plot was nothing but private Interest; these very Miscreants being turned to grass, by one of their own self-deniers, for a self-seeking Combination. Contemptible in the framers of it, the one a Runagate Dutchman, Dorislaus, who being preferred by the King, History Professor at Cambridge, read Treason, in his first Lecture against his Patron, and now commits it: The other a poor and desperate Solicitor, Cook, said to have two Wives to live with, and twenty ways, though none either honest or successful, to live by. And worse in the witnesses of it, the scum of Mankind, two or three raked out of Prisons and Goals, not a man of reputation, or worth two pence in the three kingdoms; notwithstanding a Proclamation to invite all persons to witness against the King, appearing to promote so horrid a fact, and these hired men of Belial, with the hope of a morsel of bread. The King was always of an even temper, but never more than in this case, retaining a Majesty becoming himself in his misery, and looking as if he were, as he ought to be indeed, the Judge; and they, as they were indeed, the Malefactors: Smiling (as he might well, as far as the public calamities gave him leave) at the horrid names (Murderer, Traitor, etc.) of the worst Subjects given to the best King. Upon the Picture of his Majesty's sitting in his Chair before the High Court of justice.. NOt so Majestic in thy Chair of State, On that but Men, here God and Angels wait, Expecting whether hopes of Life, or fear Of Death, can move Thee from Thy Kingly Sphere, Constant and Fixed, whom no black storm can soil Thy Colours, Head and Soul are all in Oil. And the Lady a With the danger of her life. Fairfax saying aloud in the face of the Pretended Court, That where as they took upon them to judge his Majesty, in the Name of the People of England, that it was a Lie, the tenth, she might have said the thousandth, part of the People, being so far from allowing that horrid villainy, that they would die willingly to prevent it. The Charge being Read, his most Excellent Majesty (looking upon it as below him to interrupt the impudent Libel, and vie Tongue with the Billingsgate Court) with a Calmness, Prudence, and Resolution peculiar to his Royal breast, asked the Assassinates, By what authority they brought a King, their most Rightful sovereign, against the b Pointing at Col. Cobbet that brought him from the Isle of Wight, where he said be Treated with many honourable Lords & Gentlemen, and is this the end of the Treaty? Public Faith, so lately given him at a Treaty between him and his two Houses? By what lawful Authority? said he again more Emphatially: For I am not ignorant (continued he) that there are on foot every where very many unlawful Powers, as of Thiefs and Robbers on the Highway: Adding, That whatsoever they did, he was resolved not to betray the Charge committed to him by, and confirmed to him by Ancient Descent. And answering the pretended Precedents interruption and false suggestion, That he was called to an account c Both parts of the impudent Assertion equally ●rue. 1. That he was now judged by the People, and that he was at first chosen by them. by the Authority of the People of England, by whose Election he was admitted King. That the kingdom descended not to him by Election, but by Hereditary Right, derived from above a thousand years: That by refusing an unlawful power, he stood more apparently than they for the Privileges of the People of England, whose Authority was showed in Parliament Assemblies; but that there appeared none of the Lords, whose presence (and not only theirs, but the Kings also) was required to the Constituting of a Parliament; but that neither one nor both Houses, nor any judicatory upon Earth, had power to call the King of England to account, much less some certain judges, chosen by his Accusers, and masked with the authority of the Lower House: That he could not make his defence, unless they showed their authority; since it would be the same offence to acknowledge a Tyrannical power, as to resist a Lawful one. And upon the prating Foreman's bold suggestion, That they were satisfied in their own authority, Replying rationally, That it was not his own apprehension, nor theirs neither, that aught to decide the Controversy. Whereupon the most Excellent King was commanded away, with Tomlinson and Hackers guard, parting with the Conspiracy without moving his Hat, with these words, Well Sir, and saying (on the sight of the Sword) I do not fear that: And nothing else observable, save that the Silver Top of his Staff falling off at the reading of the Charge, he wondered at it, and seeing none to take it up, he stooped for it himself, and put it in his Pocket. Monday jan. 22. after three bloody Harangues at their Fast a On Sunday wh●n its against all Canons to fa●t, none ever doing so but these and the Scots Presti●●s, who would needs Proclaim a Fast that day, because the King designed to Feast the Ambassador of Denmark. jan. 21. on Gen. 9 6. Mat. 7. 1. Psal. 149. 6, 7. Three Texts as miserably tormented that day, as his Majesty was the next; these men always first being a torment to Scripture, the great Rule of Right, and then to all that lived according to it. They being perplexed with the King's Demurrer to their unheard of Jurisdiction, resolved among themselves, after some debate, to maintain it as boldly. b As they had Voted it, Ordering. That if the King offer to dispute the same again, the Precedent shall tell him, That the Commons of England Assembled in Parliament, have Constituted the Court, whose power may not be permitted to be disputed by him. That if he refused to Answer, it shall be accounted a Contumacy to the Court. That if he Answer with a Salvo of his Prerogative above the Court, he shall be required to Answer positively, Yea, or, No. Whereupon, the King appearing to the no little disturbance of the Spectators, and astonishment of the c That ordered that none should make any disturbance on pain of death. Conventicle its self, not without interruption from the desperate Ringleader of the pack, insisted on these Heads, without any other Answer, for their own power, than their own authority. That he less regarded his Life, than his Conscinece, his Honour, the Laws and Liberties of the People; which that they might not all perish together, was a sufficient reason why he could not make his defence before these judges, and acknowledge a new form of judicature: For what power had ever any judges to erect a judicature against their King? or by what power, said he, was it ever granted? Not by God's Laws, which on the contrary command obedience to Princes; nor by the Laws of the Land, which enjoin all Accusations to be read in the King's Name; nor do the Laws give any power to the Lower House, of judging even the meanest Subject. Nor last, doth their power flow from any authority which might be pretended extraordinary, delegated from the people, since they had not asked the consent so much as of every tenth man in this matter; and that if power without Laws may set up Courts, he knew not how any man could be safe in his Life or Estate; it being not his own, but the whole kingdoms, that he stood upon. The Traitor in grain, still ever and anon interrupting the King's Speech, and telling him, That the Court was abundantly satisfied of their authority, and would not admit of any reasons that should detract from their power. At last, pressed upon him to be mindful of his Doom; But where, said the King, in all the world is that Court, in which no place is left for reason? You shall find, Sir, answered the Precedent, that this very Court is such a one. Whereupon, after several appearances which they had, to see whether they could satisfy their d C. Downs that thought it fit the King should be hea●d by the Lords and Commons. dissenting Members, or whether they could alter the judgement of the resolved King. Remember, said he then, when he was going away, that it is your King from whom you turn away your ear; in vain certainly will my Subjects expect justice from you, who stop your ears to your King ready to Plead his Cause. It's very remarkable, how that in this, and all other transactions of his Majesty, he appeals to the Reason and Law of the world, which is impartial to all Mankind: His adversaries to themselves, vouching both the truth of their Charge, and the Jurisdiction of their Court, with their own authority; being neither able to prove his Majesty guilty, except by their own testimony; or if guilty, to be tried by any Court on earth, but by their own Assertion. Nay, they that alleged the Parliament of England for the Authority, against whom the King should transgress, and that by which they proceeded, would not receive the King's a Wherein ●e was earnest, not for his own concerns, but for those of the kingdom earnest and reiterated b Though he offered much ●o say for the peace of the kingdom, which if the meanest man had offered, he should have been heard. Appeal to the Lords and Commons, who made up that Parliament. Long were they troubled how they might assert their power, longer how they might execute it; some would have Majesty suffer like the basest of Malefactors, and that in his Robes of Habiliaments of State, that at once they might dispatch a King and Monarchy together: Others malice, proposed other horrid violences to be offered to him, but not to be named among men (the men were indeed huge ready at inventing torments, being a company of Executioners got together, rather than Judges; and a pack of Hangmen, rather than a Court) till at last, they thought they should gratify their ambition, to triumph over Monarchy, sufficiently, if they Beheaded him; and so waving all his Pleas for himself, and the Allegations of Mankind for him; after several unworthy Harangues, consisting of nothing else but bold affirmations of that power, whereof they had no one ground, but those affirmations and reflections on the King's Demurrer, as a delay to their proceedings; when indeed he hastened them, by offering that towards the peace of the kingdom in one hour, that was not thought of in several years. Notwithstanding his seasonable caution to them, That an hasty Sentence once past, might be sooner Repent of than Recalled; Conjuring them, as they loved the Liberty of the People, and the Peace of the Kingdom, they so much pretended for, they would receive what he had to offer to both; adding, that we should think long before we resolve of great matters, and an hasty Judgement may bring on that trouble, and perpetual inconvenience to the kingdom, that the Child unborn may repent of; adjuring them, as they would answer it at the dreadful day of Judgement, to hear what he had to say. The Club of Assassinates proceed to this horrid Sentence. Whereas the c This was their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that the Commons of England in Parliament appointed them a Court, whereas they neither did i●, nor ●●uld do it. Commons of England in Parliament, have appointed them an High Court of justice, for the Trying of Chales Stuart King of England, before whom he had been three times Convented, and at first time a Charge of High Treason, and other Crimes and Misdemeanours was read, in the behalf of the kingdom of England, etc. Here the Clerk Read the Charge. Which Charge being Read unto him, as aforesaid, He, the said Charles Stuart, was required to give his Answer, but he refused so to do, and so expressed the several passages at his Trial in refusing to Answer. For all which Treasons and Crimes, this Court doth adjudge, that the said Charles Stuart, as a Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a Public Enemy, shall be put to death, by the Severing his Head from his Body. To which horrid Sentence the whole Pack stood up, by agreement among themselves before made; and though they agreed in nothing else, either before or since, unanimously Voted the bloody words, words of so loud a guilt, that they drowned all the earnest Proposals of Reason and Religion, offered by a Prince that was a great master of both; reason being a more dreadful Sentence against, than that they pronounced against him; and then used the sameforce to hurry the King away, that they had employed to bring him thither; answering his Allegations with that violence, wherewith they composed and made good their own. The King, always great, was now greater in the eye of the world, for the great Reason he offered, the honourable Conduct 〈◊〉 managed, and the freedom of Speech he used much beyond other times, the captivity of his Person contributing much to the liberty of his Discourse. All the great throng that pitied, but could not help, afflicted Majesty, with whom they saw themselves drawn to the slaughter, groaned upon the Sentence, but with the peril of their lives; It being as fatal then, for any persons to own respect or kindness to Majesty, as it was for the King to carry it; and as dangerous for others to be good Subjects, as for him to be a good King. They that were to force him out of his Life, forced others out of their Loyalty; endeavouring fond to depose him from his Subjects hearts, as they had done from his Throne. Several persons having since deposed, that to set off their ridiculous Scene, they had those who were appointed to force poor creatures to cry justice, justice, (who, as the excellent Prince observed, would have done as much for money for their own Commanders) a word one of them in Command then said, since he cried, because, if it had been heard, the Traitors had been at the Bar, and the Judges of the Land at the Bench; and deter others from saying, God save the King: Notwithstanding which force, this last voice was the most hearty, and the other most forced. Observable it is, that to make his Majesty parallel with his great Pattern, whom he represented equally in his Sufferings, and in his Goodness and Power, a wretch, that was within a little while executed by his own Partner, Spit in his Face, whereat his Majesty not moved, only wiped the spital, and said, My Saviour suffered much more for me. The Excellent Prince (while the Traitors before him, were as much slaves to their base Malice, Envy, Fear, Ambition, and Cruelty, as the poor People were to them) exercising as ample a Dominion over himself now, as he had heretofore over three kingdoms; looking not as if he were before the Miscreants, but they before him; and he to give, as he did, and not receive a Doom. I cannot forget how an Ancient Father saith, That some creatures would not suffer God to be a God, unless he please them. These are the Creatures, that would not endure God's Vicegerent should be so, unless he served them. Thus having formerly forgotten the Oaths of God that were upon them, laid aside the Allegiance which they owed, gone against the sense of the Law, of the Clergy, the Nobility, the Gentry, and most of the sober people of the Nation: Besides, above half of both Houses before they could fight the King. But infinite were the obstructions they were to break through (so carefully hath God guarded Kings) before they could murder Him, they must suppress the unanimous desires of the whole Nation, expressed in the looks, wishes, and prayers of all men, and the declared sense of several Countries in their respective Petitions, which many thousands delivered in London, with the hazard of their Lives, and maintained in a All declaring for a Personal Treaty. North-wales, under Sir john Owen; in South-wales, under Laughorne and Poyer; in the Navy under the Prince; in Kent, Essex, and Surrey, under several of the Nobility and Gentry, of those and the adjacent Counties; they must steal the King (that won ground from his Adversaries by his carriage, as much as they had done upon him by their Arts and power, reducing to an entire obedience to his Government all that conversed with his Excellent Person) from those men that were now as ready to engage for him, as ever they did against him, as they did at Holdenby, when it was said (so considerable is a suffering King, his very miseries being more powerful than his Armies) by the Faction, that now they had the King in their power, they had the Parliament in their Pockets, they must renounce those promises they made upon their Souls, and as they and their Posterity should prosper, that pitying the barbarous usage of His Majesty, they were resolved never to part with their Arms till they had made his way to the Throne, and rendered the condition of his party the more tolerable: Promises that to ensnare the charitable Prince (that suspected not that falsehood in others, that he found not in himself) they gilded with the like specious, but entrapping kindnesses, as the permission of what they knew was as dear as his Life, to the pious King, the Ministry of his Chaplains; Commerce by Letters with his Queen, the Visits of his Party, the service of his Courtiers, (some whom they also admitted to their Council of War, to mould Propositions which they will urge in his behalf, and alter them to the King's gust, and at his advice, the intermingling with their Remonstrances, such good words as these, That the Queen and the Royal Family must be restored to all their Rights, or else no hope of a solid Peace. They must sacrifice Eleven of the most Worthy Members in the House of Commons, and seven Noble Lords, to the lusts and cavils of mercenary Soldiers, that would not hearken formerly to the delivering of half so many to answer the Articles of their Sovereign, (an Argument that Religion, Justice, or the love of Liberty which are always uniform, but unworthy Interests that vary with hopes and fears, had the strongest influence upon them. Nay, they must overcome the a Secluding 140. Members. Parliament, it, by whose pretended Authority they had hitherto the b Imprisoning the Chief Citizens, ●iding triumphancy through the streets of London, and seizing the Tower, etc. City of London, at whose charge they had hitherto fought, and the first Leaders of the Army, by whose Reputation it was first raised, and by whose skill and activity it so long prospered: The King's prudence, and their own jealousies (combinations in crimes conclude in jealousies, each party thinking the advantage of the other too great) having committed and injealousied them. They must Conquer Scotland, and their dear Brethren, and take the King off from the Presbyterians, by their arts and insinuations inveighing him into the pit they had laid for him in the Isle of Wight (for his escape from Hampton-Court, by the withdrawing of the Sentinels from their usual posts, appeared to be their design) they must oppose the highest reason in the world offered by the King there, intent upon the settlement of the Nation for a Personal Treaty, agreeable to the sense of the whole kingdom. 1. By Preliminary Articles, which they knew the King could not yield to; and upon his refusal, four Votes of No Addresses to him, which they could never have compassed, had they not sent half the Members away to the Country, upon pretence of expediting the Contributions; and tired the other half with late Sitting, from ten in the morning till twelve at night; and withal, the Menaces of the Officers that came with Remonstrances to the House, and the terror of the Army; two Regiments whereof, under colour of guarding, but indeed for awing the Parliament, were quartered at Whitehall. They must endure the clamours of an undone people, deluded with pretences of avoiding Tyranny into Slavery. 1. For an excellent Religion, broken into Schisms and Heresies. 2. For Prayers and Fasts, made to serve impious designs, and promote prosperous crimes. 3. For Liberty, become an empty name, the common ways of confinement being too little to secure those that would not break the Law; men lingering in c On shipboard in Summer time● others sold slaves. strange imprisonment, knowing neither their crimes nor their accusers, because they had not guilt enough for condemnation; thousands forced to be Exiles in strange lands, or d Suffering nasty Confinements and ignominous Tortures. Slaves at home. 4. For Propriety, hedged no longer by Law, but become a prey to the fraud and violence of the Conspirators. 5. For great Virtues, become as dangerous as formerly great crimes were. 6. For Converse, become a snare, spies in each company watching men's words, and searching into their thoughts. 7. For the Parliament, become a Conspiracy, divided in its self, and enslaved to its vassals, who made Laws according to their interests, and executed them according to their lusts. The whole Nation now better understanding their good and wise Prince; the public interest and themselves panted for a return to the obedience of the most incomparable Government, and most inestimable Prince in the world. Insomuch (so admirable were the returns of Divine Justice at that time) that the very same Convention, that first stirred up this way of tumultuary Petitions against the King, were now forced to complain, That the honour and safety of Parliaments (for so they called the poor remainder of that Assembly) was endangered by Petitions. They must rescind the City Petitions, and their own Votes, that the King's Concessions were a safe ground for the Parliament to settle the Peace of the kingdom on: The King having granted so much as the people might see he was not, as he was reported, obstinate against his own happiness, and the Nations peace, and so gratified not his Enemies, and yet so discreetly, that he deserted not his Friends; his wisdom tempering prudently their harsh Propositions, and his Reason urging effectually his own. They must cast off all obedience to their own Superiors, as well as to the King; and imprison the Parliament, as well as the King; Violate their Protestation, and renounce their Solemn League and Covenant, disown the Lords House, and leave not above sixty of almost five hundred Members in the House of Commons. In fine, they must go against their own Prayers, Sermons, Engagements and Consciences, against the very foundations of Government in the world; and the sentiments of Mankind about it, against the known Laws of the Land, and against truths as clear as the Sun, in these unheard-of Propositions. I. That the People, under God, are the Original of all just Power. II. That the Commons of England Assembled in Parliament, being chosen by, and representing the People, have the Supreme Authority of this Nation. III. That whatsoever is Enacted and Declared for Law by the Commons of England Assembled in Parliament, hath the force of a Law. IV. That all the people of this Nation are concluded thereby, although the consent and concurrence of the King and Peers be not had thereunto. V. That to raise Arms against the people's Representative, is Treason. VI That the King himself took Arms against the Parliament, and on that account is guilty of the Bloodshed throughout the Civil War, and that he ought to expiate the Crime with his own Blood. Bold and ridiculous men! That think with one breath to alter the notion of Good and Evil, and to make their Usurpations just, because they had the face to declare them so. Qui amici veritatis esse possent sine labour, ut peccent Laborant. Greg. de curâ past. They who might have been honest with so much ease, what pains do they take to be wicked! For these and many more restraints, they must break through before they came at the King's Life. Towards the taking away of which, The method leading to the King's death. they pack a Court of justice, as they called them, though it had nothing to do with Justice, but that it deserved to be the object of it, of such people as the Ringleader of them, O. C. called at the Table of an Independent Lord, A Company of Rascals, whom he knew to be so, and would so serve, Invested with a power to Cite, Hear, judge, and punish Charles Stuart King of England. Reader, I know not with what temper thou readest these lines, I tremble when I writ them: One or two Brewers, two or three Cobblers, many of them Mechanics, all poor Bankrupts; one turned out of the House for a Rape, another for writing a Blasphemous Book against the Trinity, and another a known Adulterer: Men so low, that no lesser crime could raise them; and so obnoxious, there was no other way for them to hope for impunity; men fitter to stand at a Bar, than to sit on the Bench. These (though a search was made for a number of men that could not blush at, nor fear any guilt, yet many of them abhorred the villainy and left them, others stayed, with a design to a C. Downs disturbed the their proceedings, declaring that what the King offered should be heard. disturb it) went to act the murder, not as other Regicides, Ravillaic, etc. used to do privately, or as they themselves used to Preach it in a corner, but as solemnly as ever they took their Solemn League and Covenant against it. Spots not of Christianity only, but of Nature! Born to obey the Sovereign they judged; erecting a Court of Justice against that Sacred Head, whence flowed all the Jurisdiction in the Land. These people that were fitter to keep Shops in Westminster-hall, than sit in the Courts there: Many of whom that now hoped for the King's Land, must otherwise have been contented with the King's Highway; the true scum of England, the basest, and then the highest part of it! Tradesmen still! making a trade of war and blood! base people, therefore the more cruel; The most Savage Beasts are those that come out of Dens. The good King's calamity being enhansed by the vileness of the instruments, The steam of a Dunghill clouding the Sun, and vermin (the expression is proper to beggars) tearing the Lion, as Rats formerly ate the Thracians! These resolved rather to take away the King's life, than beg their own; for life is one of those benefits we have to receive, and men are usually ashamed to confess they deserved death. And when their own Judges had b Declaring that it was contrary to the known Laws and Customs of England, that the King should be brought to Trial. declared against them, and the Peers abhorred them, to help a wretched cause, and keep up the spirits, and concurrence of their party, they salve those two affronts, with two wretched artifices. 1. They bring from Hertford-shire a Woman (some say a Witch) who said, That God by a Revelation to her did approve of the Armies proceedings: which message from heaven was well accepted of with thanks, As being very seasonable, and proceeding from an humble spirit. 2. A model of Democratical Principles, discountenanced by Faction itself, as soon as it had served their turn; and against all the public abhorrencies and detestations, by all persons of honour and conscience, proceeded first to blacken the King (as one of them said they must) and then to judge him, contrary to those numerous and fearful obligations of their many Oaths; to the public and private Faith, which was expressed in their Protestations and many Declarations; to the Laws, the commands of Scripture; to the dishonour of Religion, and the endangering of the public good of the kingdom. For levying that war against the disobedient, to which they had necessitated him; for appearing in arms in divers places, proclaiming the war, and executing it by killing divers of the good people. Impeaching him for a Tyrant, a Traitor, a Murderer, and an implacable Common Enemy. Whom they fought for to bring home to his Throne, they lead when they have him, to a Tribunal where they had nothing against him, but what generous Conquerors never reproached the conquered for (deeming it its own punishment) the unhappy issues of a war, which leaves the conquered the only criminal, while the names of justice and goodness are the spoils of the Conqueror; and a pretence of Tyranny in that government whose only defect, if it had any, was Lenity and Mercy, towards those whose lives Justice would not formerly have pardoned, and they despaired lest mercy should not now. These Conspirators forming themselves into the Pagantry of a Court, with a a I. B. Dr. P. Character of him. Precedent of an equal infamy with his new employment. A Monster of Impudence, and a most fierce prosecutor of evil purposes; one of little knowledge in the Law, but of so virulent a Tongue, that he knew no measure of modesty in speaking; and was therefore more often Bribed to be silent, than Feed to maintain a Client's Cause: His vices had made him penurious, and those with his penury had seasoned him for any execrable undertaking. And a Solicitor, that having in vain by various arts and crimes sought for a subsistence, durst not show himself for fear of a Prison, till vexed with a tedious poverty, he entertained the horrid overtures of this vile ministry, which at the first mention, he did profess to abhor: As also an b Dr. D formerly History Professor of Cambridge, set there by F. Brookes, where reading in the stift lines of Tacitus, he discovered so much of a popular spirit, that he was complained of about his discourses of 〈◊〉 three sorts of government. Advocate, that being a Germane Bandito, by the mercy and favour of the King escaped here a severer, in charge in his own Country, than he could invent against his Majesty. With an impudent and mimical Buffoon Minister, ignominious from his youth (for then suffering the contumely of discipline, being publicly whipped at Cambridge, he was ever after an enemy to Government) preaching the villainy from Psal. 149. 8. and calling them Saint Judges, with a profession, that upon a strict scrutiny, there were in the Army five thousand Saints, no less holy than those that now are in Heaven conversing with God. And begging in the name of the People of England (as the Conspirators talked too, when as the Lady Fairfax said, like a Branch of the House of the Veres, declared in Court a loud, it was a Lie, not the tenth part of the people were guilty of such a crime) that they would not let Benhadad go. They, with such Officers, as had not a name before they were of this black list, invite all people to testify against the King their calumnies, and having, with much ado, published their Sitting, they appear with all the shapes of vile terror, and the King's Majesty with a generous mind, scorning the Pageant tribunal, and pitying the people, now sad with expectations of their own fates, when Majesty was no security, appeared, demanding the Authority and Law they brought him there by, contrary to the Public Faith; and they answering, The Parliaments: discovered the notoriousness of that assertion as false, and the vanity of it, if true. Four days together keeping up his courage and speech from doing any thing unworthy of himself, notwithstanding the reiterated reproach of several appearances before the most infamous among men. And the a Set on by the Instructors of their villainy. hired indignities of the basest of the people, saying no more, when some Soldiers were forced by Axtel to cry justice, justice, Execution, Execution; than, Poor souls! for a piece of money they would do as much to their own Commanders: And others hired to Spit, and what was more odious, to blow Tobacco in his Face, than wiping it off, with, My Saviour suffered far more for my sake. All the people, with the hazard of their lives, doing their reverence to him, with, God save the King; God he merciful unto him. Only he left this Speech upon Record against the infamous Usurpation, containing the substance of the discourse that passed between him and his Traitors. His Majesty's Reasons against the pretended jurisdiction of the High Court of justice, which he intended to have delivered in writing on Monday, jan. 22. 1648: but was not permitted. HAving already made my Protestations, not only against the illegality of this pretended Court; but also, that no earthly Power can justly call me (who am your King) in question as a delinquent: I would not any more open my mouth upon this occasion, more than to refer myself to what I have spoken, were I alone in this case concerned. But the duty I owe to God in the preservation of the true Liberty of my People, will not suffer me at this time to be silent: For, how can any freeborn Subject of England call life, or any thing he possesseth his own, if power without right daily make new, and abrogate the old fundamental Law of the Land? which I now take to be the present case: Wherefore, when I came hither, I expected that you would have endeavoured to have satisfied me concerning these grounds, which hinder me to answer to your pretended Impeachment; but since I see nothing I can say will move you to it (though Negatives are not so naturally proved as Affirmatives) yet I will show you the reason, why I am confident you cannot judge me, nor indeed the meanest man in England: For I will not (like you) without showing a reason, seek to impose a belief upon my Subjects. There is no proceeding just against any man, Hereabouts he was stopped, being not permitted to speak any more of Reasons. but what is warranted either by God's Laws, or the Municipal Laws of the Country where he lives. Now I am most confident, that this days proceedings cannot be warranted by God's Laws; for on the contrary, the authority of the obedience unto Kings is clearly warranted, and strictly commanded both in the Old and New Testament; which if denied, I am ready instantly to prove: And for the question now in hand, there it is said, That where the word of a King is, there is power; and who may say unto him, what dost thou? Eccles. 8. 4. Then for the Laws of this Land, I am no less confident, that no learned Lawyer will affirm, that an Impeachment can lie against the King, they all going in his Name; and one of their Maxims is, That the King can do no wrong. Besides, the Law, upon which you ground your proceedings, must either be old or new; if old, show it; if new, tell what authority warranted by the Fundamental Laws of the Land hath made it, and when: But how the House of Commons can erect a Court of Judicature, which was never one itself (as is well known to all Lawyers) I leave to God and the World to judge: And were full as strange, that they should pretend to make Laws without King or Lords House, to any that have heard speak of the Laws of England. And admitting, but not granting, that the People of England's Commission, could grant your pretended power, I see nothing you can show for that; for certainly you never asked the question of the tenth man of the kingdom, and in this way you manifestly wrong even the poorest Ploughman, if you demand not his free consent; nor can you pretend any colour for this your pretended Commission, without the consent, at the least, of the major part of every man in England, of whatsoever quality or condition, which I am sure you never went about to seek; so far are you from having it: Thus you see, that I speak not for my own Right alone, as I am your King, but also for the true Liberty of all my Subjects, which consists not in the sharing the power of Government, but in living under such Laws: Such a Government as may give themselves the best assurance of your lives, and propriety of their goods. Nor in this must, or do I forget the Privileges of both Houses of Parliament, which this days proceedings doth not only violate, but likewise occasion the greatest breach of their Public Faith, that I believe ever was heard of, with which I am far from charging the two Houses: For all the pretended crimes laid against me, bear date long before the late Treaty at Newport, in which I having concluded as much as in me lay, and hopefully expecting the two Houses agreement thereunto, I was suddenly surprised and hurried from thence as a Prisoner, upon which account I am against my will brought hither; where since I am come, I cannot but to my power defend the Ancient Laws and Liberties of this Kingdom, together with my own just Right. Then, for any thing I can see, the Higher House is totally excluded. And for the House of Commons, it is too well known, that the major part of them are detained or deterred from Sitting; so, as if I had no other, this were sufficient for me to protest against the lawfulness of your pretended Court. Besides all this, the peace of the kingdom is not the least in my thoughts, and what hopes of settlement is there, so long as power reigns without rule of Law? Changing the whole frame of that Government, under which this kingdom hath flourished for many hundred years (nor will I say what will fall out, in case this lawless, unjust proceeding against me do go on.) And believe it, the Commons of England will not thank you for this change, for they will remember how happy they have been of late years under the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, the King my Father, and myself, until the beginning of these unhappy troubles; and will have cause to doubt, that they shall never be so happy under any new. And by this time it will be sensibly evident, that the Arms I took up, were only to defend the Fundamental Laws of this kingdom, against those who have supposed my power hath totally changed the ancient Government. Thus having showed you briefly the Reasons, why I cannot submit to your pretended Authority, without violating the trust which I have from God, for the welfare and liberty of my people; I expect from you, either clear reasons to convince my judgement, showing me that I am in an error (and then truly I will readily answer) or that you will withdraw your proceedings. With what composedness of Spirit, and patience he heard the pretended Charge, and all its Slanders and Reproaches, smiling at the words Tyrant, Traitor, etc. with what Authority he demanded, by what lawful Power, grounded on God's Word, or warranted by the Constitutions of the Kingdom, they proceeded! with what earnestness he admonished them, a Telling them, that it was not a slight thing that they were about. both what Gild, and what Judgements they would bring upon this Land, by proceeding from one sin to another against their lawful Sovereign! With what resolution he told them, He would not betray the Trust reposed in him, for his own Prerogative, his People's Liberty, and the Privileges of Parliament, as long as there was breath in his body, until they could satisfy God and the Country. Adding, that there was a God in heaven that would call them to an account. And that it was utterly as unlawful to submit to a new and unlawful Authority, as to resist a lawful one; Neither his apprehension nor theirs being likely to end the Controversy! How zealously he told them, That if the free People of England (now secure of nothing, when all things were subject to an Arbitrary Power) were not concerned as well as himself, he would have satisfied himself with one Protestation against any Jurisdiction on earth, trying a Supreme Magistrate; but in a case of so extensive a Concernment, it was unreasonable to impose upon men bold Assertions, without evident Reasons; it being not enough to say, The Court assert their own Jurisdiction, and you must not be permitted to offer any thing against it, it's not for Prisoners to require● (to the last whereof it was excellently well answered: Prisoners! sir, I am not an ordinary Prisoner:) Reasons are not to be heard against Jurisdiction. Show me (replied the good King) that jurisdiction, where Reason is not to be heard. Flinging the Reply, with this parting Memorial: Well, remember, that the King is not suffered to give in his Reasons, for the Liberty and Freedom of all his Subjects. How pathetically he did Conjure them by all that was dear unto them, to let him offer his Reasons in the Painted Chamber a A motion so reasonable, that Colonel Downs could not but press them to hearken to it, so far that they had adjourned not to consider what the King had offered but to check Col. D. into a compliance. before the Lords and Commons, leaving with them these weighty considerations, That they should think long before they Resolved of great matters suddenly; a little delay might give peace to the kingdom, whereas a hasty judgement may bring on that trouble and perpetual inconvenience, that the Child unborn may repent it! reinforcing them with this great period, I do require you, as you will answer it at the dreadful day of judgement, that you will consider it once again. These noble circumstances, together with those ignoble ones of their consulting about Hanging and Quartering him, or Beheading him in his Robes. Their proceeding (after a wretched Harangue of B's alleging the Treasons of former times as precedents for this, and wresting, Law and History as their Preachers did the Scripture) to the Sentence; to which sixty seven Mechanic Regicides expressed their Assent by standing up, their consultation about the time and place of executing that Sentence, and the warrant sealed by forty eight of them, we are the more brief in, because they are so excellently published in a Royal Volume already Printed 1662. for Mr. Richard Royston his Majesty's Bookseller, and his Father's faithful Servant, who underwent as many dangers in publishing the Defences of the Royal Cause, as others in maintaining the being of it. Now they would not suffer him to live, yet they let him not quietly die; envying him, even his very solitudes which they disturbed with irreligious intrusions, and interruping his Devotion (as if they intended the loss of his soul as well as his life) with two things he was equally averse to, Impertinent Talk and Tobacco. Much ado had, the best of Princes, to gain the privilege of the worst Malefactor. 1. To see b They utterly refused his Queen that liberty. his Children and Relations for the satisfaction of his mind. Or 2. His Chaplain, Bishop juxon, to settle his Conscience; the latter of whom being permitted to come not till eight of the Clock on Saturday night; the incomparable Prince enjoying in the midst of tumults a calm serenity, being full of his own Majesty, and having a greater power over his temper, than his enemies had over his person, bespeaks him thus: My Lord, that you came no sooner I believe was not your fault, but now you are come, because these Rogues pursue my blood, you and I must consult how I may best part with it. Indeed, all the while he did all things becoming a Christian obliged by his calling to suffer, not reflecting that he, was a Prince (to whom such usages were unusual) born to command. Since they could not keep the Bishop from coming to him, they disturbed him both the next day jan. 28. in Reading Divine Service, and Preaching on Rom. 2. ult. and at other times at Saint James', with scoffs and unnecessary and petulant disputes, which he either answered irrefragrably, or neglected patiently; and at Whitehall, with the noise of the workmen that prepared the Scaffold; he being brought thither on purpose jan. 28. at night to die often by every stroke of the Axe upon the Wood, before he should die once for all, by one stroke of it upon himself. Neither do they only disturb, but either out of fear or design tempt him too, with unworthy Articles and Conditions, which being leveled at his Honour and Conscience, as their other malices were at his Life: After hearing one or two of them read to him, he resolved not to sully the splendour of his former virtues, with too impotent a desire of life. His Soul composed to Religion (as all others were to sorrow for the villainy of the Actors in this Tragedy, and their own sins, especially their credulity, and fear of the horrid consequence, there being a dreadful calm all over the City, that was neither tumult nor quiet, all Sermons, Prayers, and Discourses full of horror, and all Congregations overwhelmed with tears) applied its self to such duties of Religion, as Reading, Praying, Confession of Sins, Supplication for Enemies, Holy Communions, and Conferences, and such offices of humanity, as sending Legacies to his Wife and exile Children, and exhorting those at home, admitted to him jan. 29. to this purpose, his last words to them being taken in writing, and communicated to the world (by the Lady Elizabeth his Daughter, a Lady of most eminent endowments, who though born to the supremest fortune, yet lived in continual tears, and died confined at Carisbrook (whither her Father was cheered) in the Isle of White) to this effects A true Relation of the King's Speech to the Lady Elizabeth and the Duke of Gloucester, the Day before his Death. HIs Children being come to meet him, he first gave his Blessing to the Lady Elizabeth, and bade her remember to tell her Brother james, when ever she should see him, that it was his Father's last desire, that he should no more look upon Charles as his eldest Brother only, but be obedient unto him as his Sovereign; and that they should love one another, and forgive their Father's Enemies. Then said the King to her, Sweetheart, you'll forget this: No (said she) I shall never forget it whilst I live; and pouring forth abundance of tears, promised Him to write down the particulars. Then the King taking the Duke of Gloucester upon his knee, said, Sweetheart, now they will cut off thy Father's head (upon which words the Child looking very steadfastly on him) Mark Child what I say, They will cut off my head, and perhaps make thee a King: But mark what I say, you must not be a King, so long as your Brothers Charles and james do live; for they will cut off your Brother's heads (when they can catch them) and cut off thy head too at last: and therefore I charge you do not be made a King by them. At which the Child sighing said, I will be torn in pieces first: which falling so unexpectedly from one so young, it made the King rejoice exceedingly. Another Relation from the Lady Elizabeth's own Hand. WHat the King said to me, jan. 29. 1648. being the last time I had the happiness to see him, he told me, he was glad I was come, and although he had not time to say much, yet somewhat he had to say to me, which he had not to another, or leave in writing, because he feared their Cruelty was such, as that they would not have permitted him to write to me. He wished me not to grieve and torment myself for him, for that would be a Glorious death that he should die, it being for the Laws and Liberties of this Land, and for maintaining the true Protestant Religion. He bid me read Bishop Andrews Sermons, hooker's Ecclesiastical Policy, and Bishop laud's Book against Fisher, which would ground me against Popery. He told me, he had forgiven all his Enemies, and hoped God would forgive them also; and commanded us, and all the rest of my Brothers and Sisters, to forgive them. He bid me tell my Mother, that his thoughts never strayed from her, and that his love should be the same to the last. Withal, he commanded me and my Brother to be obedient to her, and bid me send his Blessing to the rest of my Brothers and Sisters, with commendation to all his Friends. So after he had given me his Blessing, I took my leave. Further, he commanded us all to forgive those People, but never to trust them; for they had been most false to him, and to those that gave them power; and he feared also to their own Souls: and desired me not to grieve for him, for he should die a Martyr, and that he doubted not, but the Lord would settle his Throne upon his Son, and that we should be all happier than we could have expected to have been, if he had lived; with many other things, which at present, I cannot remember. Elizabeth. Till at last (all endeavours for preventing so great a guilt failing) even Col. Downes, one of their own Members, attempting a Mutiny in the Army, and the Lord Fairfax being resolved with his own Regiment to hinder the Murder, until the Conspirators in vain urging, That the Lord had rejected him, took him aside to seek the Lord, while their instruments hasten the Execution by private order, and then they call that a return of their prayers. On the Fatal day, jan. 30. having desired five Preachers sent to pray with him by the Juncto, to pray for him, if they pleased, telling them, that he was resolved, that they who had so often and so causelessly prayed against him, should not in his agony pray with him; and preparing himself with his own Devotion in the offices of the Church; he was strengthened in his own sufferings by the sufferings of his Saviour, whose Body and Blood he received that morning, and the a After the 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Bishop for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 man replied that it was not 〈◊〉 but the Church's choice for the d●y. Whereat his majesty was much comforted. History of whose Passion fell to be the Chapter of the day of His; who had he been before Christ, had a condition, and an innocence that had made him a Type of him. So that he came cheerfully from St. James' to Whitehall (often calling on his slow Guards, that kept not pace with him (who always walked fast) to move faster, with these words, I now go before you to strive for an heavenly Crown, with less solicitude than I formerly have led my Soldiers for an earthly Diadem) with extraordinary alacrity, ascending the stairs leading to the Long-gallery, and so to the Cabinet-chamber; whence his supplications being ended, he went through the Banqueting-house to the adjoining Scaffold, every way dressed to terror, with the same spirit he used to ascend his Throne, showing no fear of death, but a solicitude for those that were to live after. He thought it to as little purpose to Harange the Army, as to compliment a Mastive or a Tiger; and others were kept at such distance, that they might see, but not hear; and therefore expressed himself thus to those that stood near him. His Majesty's Speech upon the Scaffold. I Shall be very little heard of any body here, I shall therefore speak a word unto b Meaning Col. Thomi●son. you here: Indeed, I could hold my peace very well, if I did not think, that holding my peace would make some men think, that I submit to the guilt as well as to the punishment; but I think it my duty to God and to my Country to clear myself as an honest man, as a good King, and a good Christian. I shall first begin with my Innocency: In troth, I think it is not very needful for me to insist long upon this, for all the world knows, that I did not begin a War with the two Houses of Parliament; and I call God witness, to whom I must shortly make an account, that I never did intend to encroach on their Privileges, they began upon me: It is the Militia they began upon, they confessed the Militia was mine, but they thought it fit to have it from me: And to be short, if any man will look to the dates of Commissions, of theirs, and mine; and likewise to the Declarations, will see clearly, that they began these unhappy Troubles, not I: So that as the guilt of these enormous Crimes that are laid against me, I hope in God, that God will clear me of; I will not, I am in charity: God forbid, that I should lay it upon the two Houses of Parliament, there is no necessity of either, I hope they are free of this guilt; for I do believe that illinstruments between them and me, has been the chief cause of this bloodshed: So that by way, or speaking, as I find myself clear of this, I hope (and pray God) that they may too; yet for all this, God forbid that I should b● so ill a Christian, as not to say, God's Judgements are just upon me; many times he does pay Justice by unjust Sentence, that is ordinary. I will only say this, that an unjust a Strafford. Sentence that I suffered to take effect, is punished now by an unjust Sentence upon me, this I have said to show you that I am an innocent Man. Now to show you that I am a good Christian: I hope there is b Pointing to Dr. Juxon. a good man that will bear me witness, that I have forgiven all the world, and even those in particular, that have been the causers of my death; who they are, God knows, I do not desire to know, I pray God forgive them. But this is not all, my charity must go farther; I wish that they may repent, for indeed they have committed a great sin in this particular. I pray God, with St. Stephen, that this be not laid to their charge, nay, not only so, but that they may take the right way to the Peace of the Kingdom; for my charity commands me, not only to forgive particular men, but to endeavour to the last gasp, the Peace of the Kingdom. So, Sir, I do wish with all my soul (and I do hope there are some c Turning to some Gentlemen that wrote. here will carry it farther) that they may endeavour the Peace of the Kingdom. Now, Sirs, I must show you, both how you are out of the way, and will put you in the way: First, you are out of the way; for certainly, all the way you ever have had yet, as I could find by any thing, is in the way of Conquest; certainly, this is an ill way; for Conquest, Sir, in my opinion, is never just, except there be a good just cause, either for matter of wrong, or just title, and then if you go beyond it, the first quarrel that you have to it, is it that makes it unjust in the end, that was just at first: But if it be only matter of Conquest, than it is a great Robbery; as a Pirate said to Alexander, that he was the greater Robber, himself but a petty one: And so Sir, I think the way you are in, is much out of the way. Now, Sir, to put you in one way; believe it, you will never do right, nor God will never prosper you, until you give God his due, the King his due, (that is, my Successors) and the People their due; I am as much for them as any of you: you must give God his due, by rightly regulating his Church (according to his Scriptures) which is now out of order. To set you in a way particularly, now I cannot, but only this, A National Synod freely called, freely debating among themselves, must settle this; when every opinion is freely and clearly heard. For the King, indeed, I will not (then turning to a Gentleman that touched the Axe) said, Hurt not the d Meaning, if he did blunt the edge. Axe, that may hurt me. For the King, the Laws of the Land will clearly instruct you for that, therefore, because it concerns my own particular, I only give you a touch of it. For the People, and truly, I desire their Liberty and Freedom as much as any body whatsoever; but I must tell you, that their Liberty and Freedom consists in having of Government, those Laws by which their Life and Goods may be most their own. It is not for having share in Government (Sir) that is nothing pertaining to them: A Subject, and a Sovereign, are clean contrary things; and therefore, until they do that, I mean, that you do put the People in that Liberty, as I say, certainly they will never enjoy themselves. Sir, it was for this that I am now come here: If I would have given way to an Arbitrary way, to have all Laws changed according to the power of the Sword, I needed not have come here, and therefore I tell you (and I pray God it be not laid to your charge) that I am the Martyr of the People. Introth Sirs, I shall not hold you much longer, for I will only say this to you, that in truth I could have desired some little time longer, because I would have put this that I have said in a little more order, and a little better digested than I have done, and therefore I hope you will excuse me. I have delivered my Conscience, I pray God you may take those courses that are best for the good of the Kingdom, and your own salvations. Dr. juxon. Will your Majesty (though it may be very well known your Majesty's affections to Religion, yet it may be expected that you should say somewhat for the world's satisfaction. King. I thank you very heartily, my Lord, for that, I had almost forgotten it. Introth Sirs, my Conscience in Religion, I think is very well known to all the word, and I declare before you all, that I die a Christian, according to the profession of the Church of England, as I found it left me by my Father, and this a Pointing to Dr. Juxon. honest man I think will witness it. Then turning to the Officers, said, Sirs, Excuse me for this same, I have a good Cause, and a gracious God, I will say no more. Then turning to Col. Hacker, he said, Take care they do not put me to pain, and Sir, this, if it please you. Then a Gentleman coming near the Axe, The King said, Take heed of the Axe, pray take heed of the Axe. Then speaking to the Executioner, said, I shall say but very short prayers, and when I thrust out my hands.— Then the King called to Dr. Juxon for his Nightcap, and having put it on, he said to the Executioner, Does my Hair trouble you? who desired him to put it all under his Cap, which the King did accordingly, by the help of the Executioner and the Bishop: Then the King turning to Dr. Juxon said, I have a good Cause, and a gracious God on my side. Dr. Juxon. There is but one Stage more, this Stage is troublesome and turbulent, it is a short one; but you may consider it will soon carry you a very great way: It will carry you from Earth to Heaven; And there you shall find a great deal of cordial Joy and Comfort. King. I go from a Corruptible to an Incorruptible Crown; where no disturbance can be, no disturbance in the world. Dr. juxon. You are Exchanged from a Temporal to an Eternal Crown, a good Exchange. The King then said to the Executioner, Is my Hair well? Then the King took off his Cloak and George, and giving his b It is thought to give it to the Prince. George to Dr. Juxon, said, Remember. Then the King put off his Doublet, and being in his Waistcoat, put his Cloak on again, and looking on the Block, said to the Executioner, You must set it fast. Executioner. It is fast, Sir. King. When I put my hands out this way, stretching them out, then then After that, having said two or three words (as he stood) to himself, with Hands and Eyes lifted up, immediately stooping down, laid his Neck upon the Block: And then the Executioner again putting his Hair under his Cap, the King said, (thinking he had been going to strike) Stay for the Sign. Executioner. Yes, I will, and please your Majesty. Then the King, making some pious and private Ejaculations before the Block, as before a Desk of Prayer, he submitted without that a They had provided I 〈◊〉 Grapples to pull him down. violence they intended for him, if he refused his Sacred Head to one stroke of an Executioner (that was disguised then, as the Actors were all along) which Severed it from his Body. In the consequence of which stroke (great villainies, as well as great absurdities, have long sequels) the Government of the world, the Laws and Liberties of three Kingdoms, and the Being of the Church was nearly concerned. So fell Charles the First, and so expired with him the Liberty and Glory of three Nations; being made in that very place an instance of Humane Frailty, where he used to show the Greatness and Glory of Majesty. All the Nation was composed to mourning and horror (no King ever leaving the world with greater sorrows) women miscarrying at the very intimation of his death, as if The Glory was departed: Men and women falling into Convulsions, 'Swounds, and Melancholy, that followed them to their graves. Some unwilling to live to see the issues of his death, fell down dead suddenly after him: Others glad of the least Drop of Blood, or Lock of Hair (that the b They sold Chips of the Block, and Sands disco●●red with his blood. covetousness of the Faction, as barbarous as their Treason, made sale of) kept them as Relics, finding the same virtue in them, as with God's blessing they found formerly in his person: All Pulpits rung Lamentations, and the great variety of opinions in other matters were reconciled in this, That it was as horrid a fact as ever the Sun saw, since it withdrew at the sufferings of our Saviour; and the King as complete a man, as mortality refined by industry was capable to be. Children amazed and wept, refusing comfort at this; even some of his Judges could not forbear to mingle their tears with his blood: All the learning then in the world expressed its own griefs, and instructed those of others in most excellent Poems and impartial Histories, that vindicated his honour, and devulged the base arts of his enemies, when their power was so c Others Proclaimed his Son in the face of his Father's murderers. dreadful, that they threatened the ruin of all ingenuity, as they had murdered the Patron of it. While the few Assassinates that crept up and down, afraid of every man they met, pointed at as Monsters in nature, finished not their reason when they had ended his Martyrdom; One (O. C.) to feed his eyes with cruelty, and satisfy his solicitous ambition, curiously surveyed the murdered Carcase, when it was brought in a Coffin to Whitehall, and to assure himself the King was quite dead, with his fingers searched the wound, whether the Head were fully severed from the Body, or no. Others of them delivered his body to be Embalmed, with a wicked, but vain design, to corrupt his Name, among infamous Empirics and Surgeons of their own, who were as ready to Butcher and Assassinate his Name, as their Masters were to offer violence to his Person; with intimations to inquire (which were as much as commands to report) whether they could not find in it symptoms of the French disease, or some evidences of frigidity and natural impotency, but unsuccessfully; for an honest and able Physician intruding among them at the Dissection, by his presence and authority, awed the obsequious Wretches from gratifying their opprobrious Masters; declaring the Royal body tempered almost ad pondus, capable of a longer life than is commonly granted to other men. But since their search into his Body for calumnies were vain, they run up to God's Decrees, and there found, that he was rejected of God; and because his Reign was unhappy, they concluded that his person was reprobated. And when they had endeavoured to raze him out of God's Book of Life, and consequently out of the hearts of his People, the vain men pull down his Statue, both at the West End of Saint Paul's, and at the Exchange; in the last of which places they plastered an Inscription, which men looked on then as false, and Providence hath rendered since ridiculous; Exit Tyrannus Regum ultimus. Fond Rebels! that thought (to use the weighty words of the reverend Dr. Pirrinchief) to destroy the memory of that Prince, a Imprisoning the Bishop of London, and searching Pocket's and clothes. whose true and lasting glory consisted not in any thing, wherein it was possible for successors to show the power of their malice, but in a Solid Virtue, which flourisheth by age, and whose fame gathereth strength by multitude of years; when Statues and Monuments are obnoxious to the flames of a violent envy, and the ruins of time. But he had a Monument beyond Marble, his Papers with the Bishop of London and others, and his Incomparable Book of Meditations and Sollioquys. Those Repositories of piety and wisdom, which first they suppressed, envying the benefit of mankind; and when the more they hindered the publication of the Royal Pieces, the more they were sought after. They would have robbed his Majesty of the honour of being the b See M. Iconoclastes. Author of them, knowing they should be odious to all posterity, for murdering the Prince that composed a Book of so Incredible Prudence, Ardent Piety, and Majestic and Truly Royal Style. Those parts of it which consisted of Addresses to God, corresponded so nearly in the occasions, and were so full of the Piety and Elogancies of David's Psalms, that they seemed to be dictated by the same spirit. The ridiculous Precedent, in his Examination of Mr. Royston, who Printed it, asked him, How he could think so bad a Man (for such would that Monster have this excellent Prince thought to be) could write so good a Book? But these attempts were as contemptible as themselves were odious, the faith of the world in this point being secured, 1. By the unimitably exact Style, not to be expressed any more than Ioves thunder, but by the Royal Author. 2. By those Letters of his which they published, of the same periods with these Meditations they suppressed. 3. By Colonel Hammonds testimony, who heard the King Read them, and saw him Correct them. 4. By the Archbishop of Armaghs' evidence, who had received commands from the King, to get some of them out of the hands of the Faction, who had taken them in his Cabinet at Naseby: Besides, Mr. Roystons command sent him from the King, to provide a Press for some Papers he should send to him, which were these, together with a design for a Picture before the Book; which at first, was three Crowns indented on a Wreath of Thorns; but afterwards the King re-called that, and sent that other which is now before the Book. This was the vile employment of villains, while all that was virtuous in the Nation honoured the memory of that good Prince, who like the being he represented, the more he was understood, the more he was admired and loved; leaving great examples behind him that will be wondered at, eastier than imitated, Particularly, the Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Hertford, the Earls of Southampton and Lindsey, and the Lord Bishop of London, obtained an order to Bury his Corpse (which four of his Servants, Herbert, Mildmay, Preston, and joiner, with others in a Mourning Equipage, had carried to Windsor) provided that the expenses exceeded not 500 l. which they did in St. George his Chapel, in a Vault, discovered them by an a Though they were seign to carry it a● fit had been discovered by chance, by walking on the hollow part of it. honest old Knight (they disdaining the ordinary grave the Governor had provided in the body of the Church) with b The place exactly answering the designation of his 〈◊〉 in last Will and Testament, and lying under an Hearse, that lay there all Q Elizabeth's reign; besides, that no Subject had newer been buried in that Choir. Henry the Eighth, and jane Scymour his Wife, whose Coffins those were supposed to be that were found there, the Officers of the Garrison carrying the Hearse, and the four Lords bearing up the Corners of the Velvet-pall, and my Lord of London following, Feb. 9 about three in the afternoon silently and sorrowfully, and without any other solemnity than sighs and tears; the Governor refusing the use of the Common Prayer, though included in their order, Because he thought the Parliament (as he called them) would not allow the use of that by Order, which they had abolished by Ordinance: Whereunto the Lords answered, but with no success, That there was a difference between destroying their own Act, and dispensing with it; and that no power so binds its own hands, as to disable its self in some cases. Committing the great King to the earth, with the Velvet Pall over the Coffin, to which was fastened an Inscription in Lead, of these words; KING CHARLES' 1648. Besides which, he hath in the hearts of men such Inscriptions as these are. 1. The excellent Romans Character given him by Dr. Perrinchief. Homo virtuti simillimus, & per omnia Ingenio diis quam hominibus proprior; qui nunquam recte fecit, ut recte facere videretur; sed quia aliter facere non poterat; cuique id solum visum est habere rationem quod haberet justitiam omnibus humanis vitiis Immunis semper in potestate sua fortunam habuit: Vell. Patr. l. 2. The Second Epitaph bestowed upon him by the Reverend and Learned Doctor Peirce. Caroli Primi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epitaphium: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Sistas' sacrilegum Pedem viator Ne forsan temeres sacros sepulchri Augusti cineres; Repostus hic est In terrae gremio decor stuporque Humani generis; senex & infans; Prudens scilicet, Innocensque princeps, Regni praesidium, ruina regni Vita presidium, ruina morte: Quem regem potius, Patremve dicam? O Patrem prius, & deinde regem! Regem quippe sui, patremque regni. His donumque Dei, Deique cura, (Quem vitaque refert, refertque morte) Ringente satana, cavente Coelo, Diro in pegmate (gloriae theatro) Et Christi cruse, victor, & securi Baptistae emicuit; Ruina Faelix! Quae Divum Carolus secutus agnum Et post liminio domum vocatus Primae vae patriae fit Inquilinus. ● Sic Lucis prius Hesperus Cadentis Resplendet modo Phosphorus reversae Hic vindex fidei sacer vetustae Cui par est nihil, & nihil secundus Naturae typus absolutioris.— Fortunae domitor ferendo suae; Qui quantum Calicis bibit tremendi. Tantundem sibi gloriae reportat. Regum maximus, unicueque regum, In quo res minima est fuisse regem, Solas qui supera locatus arce, Vel vita poterit funi priore Cum sint relliquiae, cadaver umbra Tam sacri capitis vel ipsa sacra Ipsis eulogiis coinquinato. Quaeque ipsum— 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 prophanat. Sistas' sacrilegum pedem viator. Tho. Peirce D. D. Mag. Col. apud Oxon Praeses. The Third of the excellent Marquis of Montrosse, written with the point of his Sword. GReat! Good! O Just! could I but Rate My griefs, and thy too rigid Fate; I'd Weep the World to such a strain, As it should Deluge once again. But since thy loud Tongued Blood demands supplies, More from Bojareus Hands than Argus Eyes. I'll sing thy Obsequies with Trumpets Sounds, And write thy Epitaph with Blood and Wounds. WIthin this sacred Vault, doth lie The Quintessence of Majesty; Which being set, more Glorious shines; The best of Kings, best of Divines. Britain's shame, and Britain's glory, mirror of Princes, complete story Of Royalty: One so exact, That the Elixirs of praise detract, These are faint shadows: But t' endure, He's drawn to the Life in's Pourtraicture. If such another Piece you'll see, Angels must Limn it out, or Herald And so we shut up this short view of the Life and Reign of this glorious King, as Tacitus doth the life of julius Agricola, a right Noble Roman, the names of the persons only changed. Quicquid ex Carolo amavimus, quicquid mirati sumus, manet mansurum quaeest in animis hominum, in Aeternitate temporum, fam a rerum. Horat. Carm. 24. Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit, Nulli flebilior quam wehee.— Sed monumentis quotquot uspiam est. Illa, Illa. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 THE Life and Death OF Dr. WILLIAM LAUD, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. I Know not how to begin the History of this incomparable Prelate Dr. Laud, but as Baudius doth his Oration on that Peerless Scholar joseph Scaliger, Verba desunt Rebus Immensis: Or as Count johannes Picus of Mirandula, doth his Compliment upon his matchless Barbarus, Ego quidem nec possum, aut taecere quae dete sentio, aut non sentire ea quae de illo debeatur, in quo omnia veluti singula summa reperiuntur. Sed utinam is ess●t meae mentis captus, ut pro meritis tuis de te sentirem, utinam ea dicendi vis, ut exprimere aliquando possem quod semper sentio; scio quae de te jam Concipio infra fastigia tua Infinitum subsidere, scias & tu quaecunque loquimur longe esse minora iis quae concipimus, tam deesse scias animo verba, quam rebus animus deest. So hard it is for one of my thoughts and condition to take the dimensions of so great a Worth, and so difficut for one of my phrase to express it; but the good man expresseth himself, being is impatient of Varnish on his own Actions, as he was of Paint over others Faces; (his saying to a Lady, That she was well plastered, made all the coloured Dames blush through their Vermilion, a much deeper red.) He was born Octob. 7. 1573. at Reading in Berk-shire, and after a wonderful preservation in his infancy from a very sore fit of sickness, and a happy education in his childhood under a very severe Schoolmaster; who from his Strange Dreams, Witty Speeches, Generous Spirit, Great Apprehension, and Nimble Performances, promised him that Greatness which he afterwards enjoyed, saying to him, When you are a little great man, remember Reading School. Admitted in Oxford 1589. chosen Scholar of St. john's, June 1590. and Fellow, june 1593. Comencing Bachelor of Arts, june 1594. and Master july 1599 Ordained Deacon, june 4. 1600. and Priest, April 5. 1601. Doctor Young the Lord Bishop of Rochester that Ordained him, finding his study raised above the Systems and Opinions of the age, upon the nobler foundation of the Fathers, Councils, and the Ecclesiastical Historians, easily presaged, That if he lived he would be an instrument of restoring the Church from the narrow and private principles of modern times, to the more free, large, and public sentiments of the purest and first Ages. 1 〈…〉 1 july 4. 1604. He proceeded Bachelor of Divinity (his Position giving no less offence to Dr. Holland and other Calvinists in the Schools, than his Sermon, Octob. 26. 1606. did to Dr. Airy and other Puritans at St. Mary's) and Anno 1608. Doctor, being invest,ed in his Vicarage of Stanford in Northamptonshire, Novemb. 16. 1607. admitted Chaplain to Dr. Neal Bishop of Rochester, Aug. 5. 1608. Preaching his first Sermon to King james at Theobalds', Sept. 17. 1609. inducted into West-Tidbury in Essex (which he had in exchange for his Advowson of Northkilworth in Leicester-shire) Octob. 28. 1609. and into the Rectory of Cuckston in Kent, May 25. 1610. which (by reason of the unhealthiness of the place, where he was sick for two months of a Kentish Ague) he exchanged for Norton, to which he was Novemb. 1610. inducted by Proxy, May 10. 1611. He was chosen Precedent of St. john's, having resigned his Fellowship there, Octob. 2. 1610. April 18. 1614 Dr. Neal Bishop of Lincoln bestowed on him the Prebend of Bugden, and Decemb. 1. 1615. the Arch-deaconry of Huntingdon, as the King (whose Chaplain he was sworn Novemb. 3. 1611.) Novemb. 1616. gave him the Deanery of gloucester, of which his Majesty was pleased to say to him, That he well knew it was a Shell without a Kernel; and Aug. 2. 1617. the Rectory of ibstock in Leicester-shire, and jan. 1. 1620. the Prebend of Westminster, whereof he had the Advowson ten years before; and june 29. 1622. the Bishopric of St. David's, with the Presidentship of St. john's, the Prebend of Westminster, and Parsonages of Creek and ●●●s●ck in Commendam with it, whereunto he was chosen Octob. 10. and a at London House. Consecrated Novemb. 18. by the Lords Bishops of London, Worcester, Chich●ster, Fly, Landaffe, and Oxford, the Archbishop Abbot, being though irregular for casual Homicide. King Charles finding how he managed these Preferments King james had bestowed upon him, advanced him, june 20. 1626. to the Bishopric of Bath and Wells, in the room of Bishop Lake then deceased, and Octob. 2. the same year Dean of the Chapel, in the place of Bishop Andrews then departed, and june 17. 1628. Bishop of London, and Aug. 6. 1633. Archbishop of Canterbury, instead of Archbishop Abbot then newly dead, the highest honour a Subject can be raised to in England, or a Minister in the Protestant Church; and as if these honours were not equal to his merit, at the same time, that he was Installed Archbishop of Canterbury, he was twice offered, once Aug. 7. 1633. and the second time Aug. 17. following, to be Cardinal, he both returning the Messenger, whom the discovered to his Majesty this Answer like himself, That there was somewhat within him that would not suffer that, till Rome was other than it is. 2 The 〈◊〉 it raised him. 2. It must needs be imagined, that these preferments raised him as much envy as advantage; and indeed, though he was singular in other felicities, he was wrapped in the common unhappiness in this case: For Christmas 1610. Arch bishop Abbot set the good Lord Chancellor Ellsmen to suggest to King james his being Popishly affected. Octob. 3. 1623. he went to the Lord Keeper Williams, who he found had done him many ill offices; who Octob. 3. 1623. he saith in his Diary, quarrelled him gratis in the Duke of Buckingham, their Joynt-patrons Withdrawing-chamber. April. 3. 1624. He went to Archbishop Abbot about a course he had taken to ease the Church in times of paying the Subsidies to be given that Parliament (which the Lord Keeper Williams, and the Bishop of Durham approved so well, that they confessed it was the best office that was done for the Church for seven years before.) His Grace was very angry, Asked what he had to do to make any Suit for the Church; telling him, that never any Bishop attempted the like at any time, nor would any but himself have done it: that he had given such a wound in speaking to any Lord of the Laity about it, as he could never make whole again; that if the Lord Duke did fully understand what he had done, he would never endure him to come near him again. Whereunto he calmly replied, That he thought he had done very good offices for the Church, and so did his betters think: If his Grace thought otherwise, he was sorry he had offended him; hoping that he having done what he did out of a good mind, for the support of many poor Vicars abroad in the Country; who must needs sink under three Subsidies a year; his Error, if it were one, was pardonable. jan. 25. 1624. He was forced to declare the whole affair about the Earl of D's Marriage, which happened twenty years before, when he was a young man, and that Lords Chaplain to the Duke of B. ill willers, notwithstanding his growing merit and services; whispering and suggesting up and down that supposed old miscarriage: Nay, again, April. 9 1625. he writes thus in his Diary; The Duke of Buckingham, most Venerable to me by all Titles, certified me; that some body, I know not out of what envy, had blemished my Name with King Charles his most Excellent Majesty; taking occasion from the error I fell into (I know not by what fate heretofore) in the Case of Charles Earl of Devon-shire, Decemb. 26, 1605. April 11. the Duke of Buckingham met him, and informed him what Secretary C. had suggested against him to the Lord High-Treasurer of England, and he to the Duke. jan. 17. 1627. He showed the King reasons why the Papers of the deceased Bishop of Winchester concerning Bishops that they are jure Divino, should be Printed, and was opposed then by several Grandees, who were of the humour the Historian expresseth thus; That they liked not their own happiness, if others had the honour of contriving it; receiving no counsels, but what they themselves first gave. In Octob. 1627. The Dean of Canterbury, and Sir Dudley Digges, told Dr. W. that if things went not well in the Isle of Rhee, there must be a Parliament, and some must be Sacrificed, and B. L. as like as any; which gave him great trouble: Till the King desired him, Not to trouble himself with any reports, before he saw him forsake his other friends. june 1. 1628. The House of Commons put him into their black Lists of Innovators and Incendiaries, by the same Token, that one in that House stood up, and said, Now we have named these persons, let us think of some Causes. And Sir E. C. answered, Have we not named my Lord of Buckingham without showing a Cause, and may we not be as bold with them? Wherefore he enters the Dissolution of that Convention in his Manual March 10. thus: The Parliament which was broken up this 10th of March laboured my Ruin. March 29. 1629. Sunday, two Papers were found in the Dean of Paul's his Yard before his House, one of which to this effect concerning him. Laud, look to thyself, be assured thy life is sought, as thou art the fountain of all wickedness; Repent, Repent thee of thy monstrous sins, before thou be taken out of the world, & c. And assure thyself, neither God nor the World can endure such a vile Counsellor to live, or such a whisperer, & c. jan. 26. was thus noted by his Lordship: This day discovered to me that which I was sorry to find in L. T. (Weston) and F. C. (Cottington) sed transeat. Feb. 28. Master Chancellor of London, Dr. Duck brought me word, how miserably I was slandered by some Separatists: I pray God give me patience, and forgive them. All these passages are transcribed out of his Graces own Diurnal. Roiter the Felon, that broke Prison, his Charge of Treason against him, Novemb. 13. 1633. the Lady Davies Prophecy of him, that he should die before Novemb. 5. 1634. Green the Printers swaggering with his drawn Sword in St. James' Court, that he would have Justice of the King against him, or that he would take another Course with him himself: The falsehood and practices of L. T. whereof he advertised his Majesty. Some 37. Libels against him up and down the Streets of London, we had thought worthy remembering, had not he thought it fit they should not be forgotten. But for which of his good deeds? The enjoyment of great and and many Preferments might indeed raise him malice, but his design by all those Preferments to do great and many good works might have recovered him love; for surely none needed to have envied that man's Preferment, His good works dove. that considereth what he did, or what he intended. 1. What he did. 1. 1607. No sooner was he Invested in any of his Livings, than he Invested twelve poor people in a constant allowance out of hose Livings; besides his constant repairing of the Houses, and furnishing of the Churches wheresoever he came. 2. When he was chosen, with much opposition both there and at Court, Anno 1618. he set up a great Organ in St. john's Chapel, being to be tracked every where by his great Benefactions. Allowing the fifth part of all his Incomes to charitable and pious uses: He built a Chapel and repaired the Cathedral at St. David's. Upon occasion both of the abrupt beginning and ending of public Prayers on the fifth of November, he settled a better order in the King's Chapel, as Dean of that Chapel, prevailing with that Gracious King, that he would be present at the Liturgy as well as the Sermon; and that at whatsoever time of Prayers he came, the Priest who Ministered should proceed to the end of Prayers, which was not done before from the beginning of King james his reign to that day. 1629, 1630. He furnished the Library of Oxford with 1300 Hebrew, Arabic, Persian Manuscripts, and choice Antiquities, the University with their excellent Statutes, a With new Privilege, as large as those in Cambridg, since 11. the eighth h●s time. and a large new Charter; and St. john's College in it with useful and curious buildings; a College that as well as Christ-Church, might be called Canterbury College. From the year 1630. to the year 1640. he recovered hundreds of Impropriations in Ireland, procuring of King Charles to give all Impropriations, yet remaining in the Crown within the Realm of Ireland, to that poor Church. 1630. He set upon the repair of St. Paul's, the only Cathedral in Christendom of that name, allowing, besides a great sum to begin it, five hundred pounds a year while he was Bishop of London, and no doubt after he was Archbishop of Canterbury, till it was finished. 1633. He retrenched the extraordinary Fees at Court for Church-preferments, sometimes to prevent the Extortion of inferior Officers, doing poor Ministers business himself, rather than they should be at the charge of having it done by others. 1634. He began the settlement of the Statutes of all the Cathedrals of the new foundation; whose Statutes are imperfect and not confirmed; and finished those of Canterbury. 1635. He procured and bought settled Commendams, whereof several sine Cura, on the small Bishoprics of Bristol, Peterbourgh, St. Asaph, Chester, and Oxford. 1636. He set up a Greek Press in London, buying both Matrices and Press for Printing of the Library M. SS. and others he intended to make a rare Collection of. The same year he erected an Arabic Lecture in Oxford, first settled there for his life, and afterwards for ever, as he did an Hospital at Reading, with 200 l. per annum Revenue, established in a new way. 1637. A Book in Vellum of the Records in the Tower, that concern the Clergy, at his own charge Transcribed, and left in his Study at Lambeth for posterity. A new Charter for the Town of Reading, and a new Charter and Statutes for the College and University of Dublin. 2. What he Intended. 1. He had cast a Model for the increase of the Stipends of poor Vicars. 2. He intended to see the Tithes of London settled, between the Clergy and the City. 3. He thought to have settled some hundreds a year upon the Fabric of St. Paul's, towards the repair till that be finished, and to keep it in good state afterwards, b Wherein be did intend to hang as great, and as tuneable a Ring of Bells, as any are in the world. communicating likewise to a friend to rebuild the great Tower some yards higher than before. 4. He purposed to have opened the great Square at Ouford, between Saint mary's, the Schools, Brasennose, and All-Souls. 5. He resolved to set on foot the buying in of Impropriations, hoping to be able to buy in two or three in a year. Not to mention his Entertainments of the King and Queen, to the honour and advantage of the University of Oxon, when he was Chancellor there; his bestowing all his favours upon no other condition, than something to be done by his Clients in acknowledgement of them for the Church. So he obliged Bishop Bancroft to build the Bishopric a House; another to bestow the Patronage of upon St. john's: A third, to raise the Stipends of three Vicarages in his gift, & c. His preferring of Churchmen to the greatest Places of Trust, to honour Religion, too much despised in the later times. For see his design in the advancement of that good man, Bishop juxon, as it is expressed in his Diary (and an exact Diary is a window to his heart that maketh it.) March 6. William juxon, Lord Bishop of London, made Lord High-Treasurer of England, no Churchman had it since Henry the Sevenths' time: I pray God bless him to carry it so, that the Church may have honour, and the King, and the State service and contentment by it. And now if the Church will not hold up themselves under God, I can do no more. His daily Hospitality, and weekly Alms, and other the great effects of a very great spirit, that had not so great a prize in its hand, as he had a large heart to dispose thereof for the general good; looking upon himself as the Steward, rather than the Master of his great Revenues, might have excused his height from envy, as well as that of the heavens, that are not maliced because high, but reverenced because benign; none grudging them either the Place they hold, or the Vapours they draw up; because all are blessed with the Influences they shed, and the Showers they send: And the rather, because he was as great himself as his performances, and his preferments were not only means to do good works, but the just reward of great parts; parts every way becoming the greatest Clergyman and Statesman; and indeed few or none envied his preferments, that were not afraid of his abilities; he being reckoned one of the greatest Scholars of our Nation: His judgement being as acute (witness the exactest Piece ever writ on that subject, his Controversy with Fisher) as his Eye was piercing, his Memory as firmly retaining his Observations, as his Apprehension took them Discerningly, and his Industry collected them Vnweariedly. He was not advanced because he would keep a good House, repair his Barns, & c. any Dunce may do this; but, because he seemed born to the honour he was raised to, owing his degree not only to Favour, but to Nature too; he being exact in all the recommending excellencies of humane accomplishments, thought deserving more honour beyond Sea, than those he was envied for here. In all those Arts and Sciences he honoured with some thoughts about, he was not so much skilful, as commanding; not only knowing, but a Master; and having gone through the difficulties of Ingenuity with as much success as a Scholar, as he did the difficulties of Government as a Statesman, in both a Primate, in both excelling. The forementioned Piece composed with such an authentic and unerring accuracy, as if there had been a Chair of Infallibility at Lambeth, as well as at Rome, and he had been indeed what his Predecessors have been called, Papa alterius Orbis, and each word had been decreed by the Crosier, than written with the Sword, deserved the highest encouragements in that Church, whereof it was the best defence, which how ever ridiculously at first ascribed to others, was so peculiar to him, that his very enemies confessed he did it, because, none else: So hard it is to counterfeit the great Genius and Spirit of Honour, and there are in such Books the inimitable peculiarities of an incommunicable faculty and condition. To which, when you add the exemplary strictness of his Life, witness his care in keeping a constant Diary of it. He is a good Christian that Audits the account of his soul every day, as he a good husband that casts up the expenses of his occasions every night. The tenderness of his Conscience evident in this and other passages of his Devotion. O Deus meus respice servum tuum, & miserere mei secundum viscera misericordiae ●uae: scandalum ecce factus sum nomini tuo, dum ambitioni meae & aliorum peccatis servio. Quin & hoc licet aliorum suasu, oblatrante tamen conscientia perpetravi: Obsecro Domine per miseri cordius jesu, ne in tres in judicium cum servo tuo, sed exaudi sanguinem ejus pro me p●rorantem, nec a Only the irregular marrying of W. E D. & E. M Dec. 26. 1605. St. Stephen's day. hoc conjugium sit animae meae divortium a s●nu tuo: O quantum satius esset, si vel hujus diei satis memor, Marty rium cum Proto-martyre tuo potius perpessus sim, negando quod urgebant aut non satis fidi, aut non satis pii amici mei. Pollicitus sum mihi tenebras peccato huic; sed ecce statim evolavit, nec lux magis aperta quam ego qui feci; ita voluisti Domine pro nimia misericordia tua implere ignominia faciem meam, ut discerem quaerere nomen tuum. O Domine quam gravis est memoria peccati hujus etiam bodie etiam post tot, & toties repetit as preces a tristi & confusa anima mea coram te prosusas. O Domine miserere; exaudi preces depressi, & humiliati valde servi tui: Parce Domine & remit peccata quae peccatum hoc & Induxerunt & secuta sunt, etc. The constant course of his Devotion is lately published, b Printed at: Oxford 1666 his observations of God's providences over him to furnish him with matter for his private prayer, while he did (as the Apostle exhorteth) thus watch unto prayer, as his sicknesses, his falls, the causualities in his Family and Affairs, (he judging nothing too mean for him to remark that was not below God to do) were exact, his diet temperate, his converse chaste, having no Woman about his house, reckoning it not every man's gift in Tertullia's phrase; Salvis oculis videre faeminam, the gravity of his Person, (severity and quickness being well compounded in his face) giving a good example always in this plainness of his garb and apparel, and when in power, good precepts checking saith the Historian, such Clergymen as he saw go in rich or gaudy dresses under his common and tart notion of Ministers of the Church-triumphant. Thus as Cardinal Wolsey is reported the first Prelate, who made Silks and Satins fashionable for Clergymen, so this Archbishop first retrenched the usual wearing thereof. Once at a Visitation in Essex, one in Orders (of good Estate and extraction) appeared before him very gallant in habit, whom he publicly reproved with the plainness of his own apparel. My Lord (said the Minister) you have better clothes at home, and I have worse; whereat his Lordship rested very well contented: wearing his hair short, and enjoining others so to do; not enduring to know any of his kindred if they appeared with flaunting clothes, long hair, or smelled either of Tobacco or Wine. I knew (saith an Historian) a near Kinsman of his (by the way, to show the impartiality of his favours) in Cambridge Scholar enough, but something wild and lazy, on whom it was late before he reflected with favour, and that not before his amendment, and generally those preferred by him were men of Learning and Ability. The great influence of his public spirit reaching not only so far as he had power himself, but also as far as any had power that either saw his good example, or read his effectual admonitions. At a Visitation kept in St. Peter's Cornhill for the Clergy of London, The Preacher discoursing of the painfulness of the Ministerial Function, proved it from the Greek deduction of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Deacon, so called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dust, because he must laborare in pulvere in arena, work in the dust, do hard service in hot weather. Sermon ended, my Lord, then of London, proceeded to his Charge to the Clergy, and observing the Church ill repaired without, and slovenly kept within. I am sorry (said he) to meet here with so true an Etymology of Diaconus, for here is both dust and dirt too, for a Deacon or Priest either to work in; yea it is dust of the worst kind, caused from the ruins of this ancient house of God, so that it pitieth his servants to see her in the dust. Hence he took an occasion to press the repair of that, and other places of Divine Worship, so that from this day we may date the general mending, beautifying, and adorning of all English Churches; some to decency, and some to magnificence. I say it you add these admirable endowments of his Person, to the excellent Catalogue of his Actions, you might confess that there was reason why he should be envied, but no reason why he should be Libelled so often, His sufferings. as I have formerly mentioned he was. Why his house should be sacked Monday May 11. 1640. about midnight by 500 persons of the rascal riotous multitude, according to the Paper posted upon the Exchange, exhorting them so to do, May 9 to his utter ruin, had not he upon timely notice fortified his house, taken and punished the Ringleaders in spite of the tumult that broke all the prisons about the Town; and severely threatened him in a Libel September 1. with another assault in the King's absence. Why he should receive such a Letter as he did from one Mr. Rocket, informing him, That he was among the Scots as he traveled through the Bishopric of Durham, he heard them inveigh, and rail against the Archbishop exceedingly; and they hoped shortly to see him, as the Duke was, slain by one lest suspected. Why the Scots Commissioners should name him in the House of Lords an Incendiary, and in the House of Commons a Traitor, Dec. 16. 17, 18. Why he should be committed to the Black Rod and confined, being only permitted to go to Lambeth for a Book or two, and some Papers for his defence against the Scots, where he stayed late, (hearing with comfort the 93. and 94. Psalms, and the 50. of Isaiah) to avoid the gazing of the people; why they should make him as soon as he was confined December 21. sell Plate to pay 500 l. for punishing a known Adultery, in which case, he said, Suppose it was more than the Law strictly allowed, what may be done for Honour and Religion's sake? Why D. C. 24. there should be a resolution among the Lords to sequester him from the King's Counsel, and deprive him of his Archbishopric; not only, as he saith, before he had put any answer in for himself, but likewise before his adversaries put in any Charge against him? Why Friday Feb. 26. after full ten week's Imprisonment in Mr. Maxwells' house, he should be ordered to the Tower? why he should be followed, and railed at by the people and rabble in multitudes in his way thither, as he went in Mr. Maxwells' Coach to the very Tower-gates? and indeed it was thought he was sent that way on purpose to be torn in pieces by the rabble. Why Octob. 23. 1642. his Jurisdiction should be requestred to his inferior Officers, and his Spirituals and Temporals suspended, he having not so much as power to bestow a Living? Why Nou. 8. 42. his house should be seized for a Garrison and Prison, his Rents sequestered, as was pretended, to keep the King's Children? Why October 24. he should be so closely confined, as to be debarred the liberty of the Tower, nor to speak with any Prisoner or other person, but in the presence of his Warder; all his Servants being removed from him but two, and they not to speak with one another, nor with any other, but before the Warder, nor to stir out without the Lieutenant's leave? Why Nou. 24. his Chapel was broken open at Lambeth, and the Furniture of it spoilt, his Hor●es at the same time being seized by order from the Committee, and all his provision in the house spent upon the prisoners. Why March 24. 1642/ 3. there should be a plot to send him and Bishop Wren to New-England within fourteen days, and April 25. a motion made to that purpose in the Lower House? Why May 1. his Chapel windows should be defaced, all his Goods and Books seized upon, and he confined to his Chamber, not to stir out without his Keeper; and a rumour that he should be removed to a Prison-lodging. Why Feb. 26. 1640. so many bitter Speeches should be made of him, as of a spiritual wickedness in high places, and 14 general Articles exhibited against him, with a promise to make them good by Articles more particular, besides the Impeachment of the Scots Commissioners, and the further enforcing of the former Articles by the English, Oct. 23. 1643. in ten Articles more, to all which he was ordered the same day to put in his Answer in writing against the sixth, and upon second thoughts Nou. 13. with much ado allowing Mr. Herne, Mr. Chute, Mr. Hales, and Mr. Gerard of Grayes-Inn, to be of Counsel for him: and Mr. del, Cob, and Smith, his Servants, for Solicitors; On which 13 of Nou. 1●43. he was brought to the Bar, and made his answer: whereupon the Committee for his Trial met closely at Star-Chamber to prepare evidences against him, and his Trial appointed jan. 8. 1643. first, and afterwards jan. 16. when about three a Clock in the afternoon (after three years' Imprisonment and no hearing) he appearing, had no more done (but their Articles read, and his answers thereunto rejected) as he had not jan. 22. 1643. nor Feb. 22. 1643. March 4. 9 and 12. All which bitter days they carried him up and down, from the Tower to Westm. either to kill him with grief, cold, and vexation, or to give the rabble opportunity to do him a mischief, as they did March 13, 16, 18. 1643. and March 28. 1644. April 16. and May 4. 20, 27. and june 6. 11, 17, 20. 27. july 20, 24, 29. seventeen days besides twelve days attending more, wherein there was nothing done: and Sept. 2. 11. Octob. 11. Nou. 2. 11, 13. Decemb. 4. spent in Speeches and delays, they designing rather the tiring than destroying of him. All this while not allowing him to answer his whole Charge at once, but one Article one day, and another Article another, and not declaring (though earnestly petitioned by him so to do) what Articles were Treason, what Misdemeanours, but sheltering themselves under the old 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That all the Articles taken together, not each, or any particular Article by itself, made up the Treason. Why, after so many mouths trial, in which (notwithstanding their tedious proceedings to break his spirit) he had acquitted himself with such a confidence as became the constancy and innocency of a Christian Bishop and Confessor: but yet must fall to please the Scots and those merciless men, who imputed God's anger in the difficulties of their success against their Prince, to the continuance of this Prelate's life: He should be voted guilty of High-Treason by the little remainder of the House of Commons at Westminster, Nou. 10. 1643. and condemned by seven Lords in the upper House, (all they not concurring neither) Decemb. 17. 1644. to be hanged, drawn, and quartered: The first example of murdering men by Votes, and of killing by an Order of Parliament (neither House, if full and legally sitting, having power over the life of the meanest subject without the King) since the Creation. And why, when the Lords upon his Petition, to the distaste of some Commons changing the manner of that vile execution, to that more generous of being beheaded (the motion for exposing him to the contempt and malice of the people of New-England, being waved as too great an honour, because it would make his End as his Life was, Dr. P. life K. Charles. much like that of the Primitive Bishops, who for their piety were banished to barbarous Coasts, or condemned to the Mines; or else it would be like the Athenian Ostracism, and confess him too great and good to live amongst us) he must be brought to the Scaffold, jan. 10. after he had endured some affronts in his Antichamber in the Tower, by some Sons of Schism and Sedition, who unseasonably, that morning he was preparing himself to appear before the great Bishop of our souls, would have him give some satisfaction to the godly (for so they called themselves) for his Persecutions, which he called Discipline: To whom he answered, That he was now shortly to give an account of all his actions at an higher and more equal Tribunal, and desired he might not be disturbed in his preparations for it. Others asked him (to ruffle his soul into a passion, now he was fairly folding it up, to deliver it into the hands of his Redeemer) what were the most comfortable words a man should die with in his mouth? And he mildly answered, Cupio dissolvi, & esse cum Christo; adding meekly (when asked how a man at that time might express his assurance) That such assurance was to be found within, grounded on the word of God concerning Christ's dying for us, and that no words were able to express it rightly. Why these Indignities to so good a man in his life time, and more in scandalous Papers of him, when dead, which I hope the authors have lived to repent of! Indignities, the bare narrative whereof, is a Satire against our age and Nation, and therefore I attempt not the just expression of it, my very apprehension over laying my words, and indeed this black action receives no colours. § The crimes laid to his Charge, and reasons of his sufferings You shall hear his Faults. 1. Adorning the Chapels and Churches that he had to do with, with Pictures for decency and instruction, the use Calvin himself, as he alleged him, a And Homil. p. 64 65. and Te●tul. de O●ig. errot c. 2. & 17. Statuse 3 lid. 6. 10. Inst. 1. 11. §. 12. allowed them, for in these words, Neque tamen ea superstitione teneor, ut nullus prosus imagines serendas censeam, etc. Though they charged him with many ornaments of Chapels, that he found there done by others; and urged, that he took them out of the Mass-book, when he never knew they were there. 2. Removing and Railing the Communion-table Altarwise, North and South against the Wall, and furnishing his Lambeths' Chapel, according to Queen Elizabeth's Injunction, the pattern of the King's Chapel, and the practice of the Lutheran Churches. 3. The setting up of a Side-table, called Credentia, according to the way in Bishop Andrews his Chapel, bowing toward the Communion-table, according to the ancient practices in Queen Elizabeth's and King james his reign, and using Copes according to the twenty fourth Canon of the Church 1603. 4. The ancient custom of Standing at Gloria Patri, Bowing at the Name of Jesus, according to the eighteenth Canon of our Church, and twelfth Injunction of Queen Elizabeth. Organs, and b As ancient at Constancines time, sec Polyd. Virg. de Invent. ceru●● l. 6. 2. Durand. Ration etc. Consecration of Churches, Communion-Tables, according to Bishop Andrews form. 5. Receiving a Bible with a Crucifix Embroidered on the cover of it from a Lady. 6. A Book of Popish pictures, two Missals, Pontificals and Breviaries, which he made use of as a Scholar. 7. His Admirable Book of Devotion, digested according to the ancient way of Canonical Hours, after holy David's example, Psal. 119. 164. and the a And the Preces privatae, in Queen Eliz●b, time. practice of the Primitive times, and his humble Prostration in them mentioned. 8. Three Pictures in his Gallery, one sent him, the other two there since Archbishop whitgift's time, of Saint Augustine, Saint Ambrose, etc. allowed by the Harmony of Protestant Confession in the lawful use of them; and written against severely by himself, in the unlawful use of them. 9 His Reverend Posture at Whitehall Chappel, which all the Lords used, and the Knights of the Garter were bound to use. Bishop Wren's adorning the Altar with a b And it was pretly th●● swear 〈◊〉 was offended much the new Crucifix, whereas he 〈◊〉 no notice of the old crucifix, that wathere many years before. See Antiq. B●ic. p. 33. & 102. Crucifix, which was nothing to him, more than some people's bowing that way: which they urged against him. 10. His Compiling the Form of the King's Coronation, when it was done by a Committee according to an old form of Consecration, belonging to Archbishop Abbot, there being no passage new in it, but this old Protestant one, used in Popish times, which fixed more spiritual power in the King, than the Pope would willingly allow, jealous that any should finger Saint Peter's Keys save himself. And is this, Let him obtain favour for thy people like Aaron in the Tabernacle, Elisha in the waters, Zecharias in the Temple, give him Peter's Key of Discipline, and Paul's Doctrine; which my Lord inserted not of himself, but in concurrence with the rest. 11. All the comely Repairs of any Church or Chappel, especially in the Universities, any bodies bowing to c One swore against him, that a man bowed to the Virgin Maries Pictures over St. Mary's door in Oxon. a Picture in his time; as if he could answer all the miscarriages and indiscretions of men throughout the kingdom during his government. The Oxford Scholars reverence to the Communion-table, Dr. Lambs questioning Mr. Corbet, and Mr. Cheynel: the Oxford Copes, and Latin prayers; nay, all that was done either in Oxford or Cambridge, from 1628. to 1640. 12. All the Copes, Altars, Candlesticks, Utensils, Furnitures, and Gestures (though according to Canon) used in any Cathedral in England. 13. The Railing of Communion-tables, the receiving of the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, and saying Second Service there, according to the Canons and Injunctions, the using of Painted Glass, Bishop Wren, Bishop Mountagues, and Bishop Pierces his Visitation Articles about Parish Churches, wherein he had nothing to do. 14. Punishing Mr. Smart of Durham, who was censured by the High-Commission at York, where he was none. 2. Mr. Chancy, who suffered by the High-Commission, when he was but one. 3. Mr. Bromley, prosecuted by Sir Nath. Brent without him. 4. Mr. Sherfield, who suffered by the whole Court of Star-chamber in his absence. 5. The purging of Dr. Featleys' Sermons, done by his Chaplain unknown to him. 6. Mr. Workman, by his own Diocesan and the High-Commission, not by him. 7. Mr. P. B. and B. proceeded with in a legal way in Star-chamber, he not being there. 8. Birket and the Churchwardens of Becking stone, the one proceeded against in the High-Commission, and the other by Bishop Peirce, without his privity. 9 Ferdinando adam's was Pursevanted by Bishop Wren for shutting his Church against his Visitors, and not by my L. of C. 15. Pictures found in Sir F. Windebanke and Dr. Ducks Bibles, nothing to him. 16. His Consecrating of Churches and Chapels, according to the Word a Exod. 40 9, 10, 11. 1 Kings 8. 1 Chron 5 6, ●● Chron 34. 8 Ezra 6 15, 16, 17. of God, and the examples of the best b Euseb. Eccles. Hist. 10. 3 de vita Coudant ● 4. 40. vid. C●●●it. de Co●sect Eccles. Inst. ti. cod. l. ●. 〈◊〉 5. de Sacro. sa●ct●● Ecclesus. times; using Bishop Andrews his form for Consecration. 17. His taking money for it, by which you must understand fifteen pounds fees, which he returned to the Churchwardens, to distribute among the poor. 18. A draught of his Popish Furniture, and form of his own Chapel, as they urged, which proved not his, but Bishop Andrews form and furniture, which he had caused to be transcribed. 19 The Book of Sports, which was published, first in King james his Reign, before he had any power in the Church; and afterward in King Charles his Reign, before he had the chief power in the Church; he being very strict in his practice on that day, and the less strict of any Bishop in pressing the publication of that Declaration which allowed liberty to be otherwise; suspending none in his whole Province for that fault alone, and setting out such moderate Visitation-Articles, as by the Joynt-petition of the most sober and moderate part of the Clergy to him, were desired to be the Standard to all other Visitation-Articles. Besides, that if he had set out, and pressed that Declaration, it was only a Declaration of Christian liberty, against Jewish bondages and c Doctor Bound. Brad●um. and Th● ash● than 〈◊〉 jewish op●●●●s. observances, according to Mr. d I●sti●. l. 2. c. 8. §. 34. calvin's opinion, and the practice of the Reformed Churches, even in Genova its self (where they use sober e V d. Ar●●ii problemata de Encaeniis. Grat de Conserev. didst 1. Recreations upon that day) and not any encouragement to Unchristian Licentiousness, contrary to Christian practices; for it allowed only Lawful Recreations, and those only after Evening Prayer; and that only to them that came to Prayers, with a very severe Caution against Profaneness and Debauchery: It declared the first only Impune, in the way of a Civil Edict, determining nothing; but condemned the latter as unlawful, in the way of an Ecclesiastical Decree, allowing nothing. It undeceived the people, that they might not be ensnared from their Liberty to Judaical opinions, but understand the truth in this point, as it was declared by the Laws either of God or Men truly. It restrained the people, that they might not be debauched from their Christian sobriety to Heathenish looseness; but practise their duty on this day, as it was taught by the Laws of God and Men orderly. 20. His next Charge, is his f For which trey searched the 〈◊〉 book. preferring of 1. The great Scholar, Critic, and Antiquary Dr. Montague, though it was Sir Dudley Carleton that preferred him. 2. The profound Divine and honest man Dr. jackson. 3. Charitable, Meek, and Learned Dr. Christopher Potter. 4. Acute, Pious, and Rationable Bishop Chapple. 5. Pious, public-spirited, and Learned Dr. Cousins, preferred indeed by the Archbishop of York. 6. The very Learned and Industrious Bishop Lindsey, deservedly preferred indeed by Bishop Neile. 7. The worthy A. B. Neile, who was so far from being preferred by my Lord of Canterbury, that in truth my Lord of G. was advanced by him. 8. The smart, discreet, and understanding man Bishop Wren, Chaplain to Bishop Andrews. 9 He is charged with the Encouragements he gave Dr. Heylm, who was raised by the Earl of Denby: Dr. Baker, Bray, Weeks, Pocklington, who were recommended by the Bishop of London, etc. 10. It is reckoned his fault, that he interposed with His Majesty for such worthy men, as Bishop Usher recommended to him in Ireland, and that upon a difference between the Lord Keeper and the Master of the Wards, about Livings in the King's Gift; he moved the King to remove the occasion of those differences, by presenting to him immediately himself, and that if he recommended a worthy man to the King as Chaplain, he trespassed upon my Lord Chamberlains Office. 21. Some hundred Books are produced, out of which some indiscreet passages had been expunged by b Some his Chaplains, some the Bishop of London's. Dr. Heywood, Dr. Baker, Dr. Weeks, Dr. Oliver, etc. and these purgations are laid upon him: and because the forementioned Gentleman suffered not bitter expressions that tended to the raising of old and legally silenced Controversies, to pass the press, as the c For so they are, when licenced. expressions of the Church of England, the Archbishop must come to the Block, as an enemy of the Church of England. 22. Because a Jesuit contrived a Letter wherein Arminianism is said to be planted in England, to usher in Popery, therefore the Archbishop preferring some worthy men who were of the same mind with Arminians, had a design to introduce Popery. 23. The High Commission called in many Books, and punished Authors, Printers, or Booksellers, and the poor Archbishop, therefore endeavoured the subversion of the Government. 24. The King's Declaration to silence the Controversies of the Church, and his care to check those that endeavoured to renew them: The King and Counsels Order at Woodstock about the tumult 1633. at Oxford: the Kings persuading of Bishop Davenant, and Bishop Hall, to leave out some passages in their writings that might disturb the Peace, and imprisoning their Printer for daring after they were purged, to insert them in. His Majesty's approving Bishop Harsenets considerations about the Controversies, and sending them to every Bishop, and his Deputies, reversing the Articles in Ireland, make up his 21 th'. Charge. 25. The Star-Chamber Order july 1. 1637. about Printing, whereby the Geneva Bibles were prohibited here; and by Sir William Boswell suppressed in Holland, Mr. Gellibrands new Almanac in Mr. Foxes his way burned; Beacon, Palsgraves' Religion, & c. and other Books against the King's Declaration for laying down Controversies stifled, through the actions of other men, must be this good man's fault. 26. If Popish Books crept in either by imposing on his Chaplains, or being printed without licence, though innocent ones too, he must be guilty of a design against the Protestant Religion 27. The King's Command to him to alter the form of Prayer for the fifth of November, Dr. Potter's request to him to review his Book called Charity mistaken, must be another branch of his Charge: as was his Majesty's Order about sending the Common-Prayer upon D. H. request: The Scottish alterations of it, another; the Bishop's Chaplains presuming to alter the least Syllable in a conceited Authors Work a third. The Importation of unlawful books by stealth against his will, and without his knowledge, a fourth. Considerations about Lectures written by Bishop Harsenet, and sent to every Diocese by Archbishop Abbot, a fifth's Attorney General Noy's suppressing the Puritan Corporation, fo● buying in of Impropriations as illegal and dangerous, a sixth. The alteration of the Letters Patents for the Palatinate Collection by the King's Order, who would not have such expressions pass the Great Seal, as determined some Controversies, as that the Pope was Antichrist, which neither the Schools nor the Church had decided, a seventh. His very favourable dealing with the Walloon, the French, and Dutch Church (for which they thanked him) upon some encroachments of theirs upon the Parishes, where they lived, an eighth. 28. 1. The Jesuits whispering into the ears of some fond people to raise suspicions of him, and so oppositions against him, which was the sum of Sir H. M. Mr. A. M. and Mr. Ch. hearsays of him, produced at the Bar. 2. Rumours raised upon him, because of his acquaintance with one Louder Brown, and Ireland, reputed Papists; because his supposition in Oxford concurred in some things with Bellarmine, where Bellarmine himself concurred with the Primitive times. 3. Because Bishop Hall writ a Letter to one W. L. not to halt between two Religions. 4. Because a Doctor in the University preached against those who were severe against the Puritans, the then predominant Faction, and moderate against the Catholics at that time kept under, and that he was pointed at by the University as one of those discreet men, which indeed moved him, but yet so, that in a business of that kind he thought fit (in a Letter to Bishop Neal) to be suaged to a patient course. The Treaty for the Spanish Match, which began before he was so much as Bishop, and ended before he was Privy-Counsel, the Duke of B. breaking it off to the great contentment of the Kingdom, as appeared by the Parliaments thanks to him 1624. with whom he is accused to be so familiar, and the Treaty with France, which was managed with the Parliaments approbation. His civilities to the Queen's Majesty which was his duty, and (to win upon her) his prudence. His dislike of some d As one Howes prays to God to preserve the Prince from being b●●d up in Popery, whereof th●●e was great fear. scandalous passages in some men's prayers to her disparagement. The Preface to the Oxford Statutes, not written by him, wherein Queen Mary's days are extolled beyond Queen Elizabeth's, not for the state of our Church and Religion, but for the Laws and Government of the University. The printing of Sancta Clarae's e Deus ma●ura gratia. book at Lions, and the maintaining of St. Giles by the King against the Archbishops will at Oxford: The increase of Papists and Popery in Ireland without his privity. The Lord Deputy Wentworths actions in Ireland, not within his power. The Queens sending Agents to Rome, and receiving Nuncio's from thence against his advice. His maintaining with all sober men, that the Church of Rome is a true Church, Veritate entis non moris, not erring in fundamentalibus, but Circa fundamentalia; That we and the Catholics differ only in the same Religion, and do not set up a different Religion; That a man may be saved in the Church of Rome: and that it was not safe to be too positive in condemning the Pope for Antichrist: A few Popish books in his, as there are in every Scholars Study. Francis Sales calling the Pope Supreme Head, Great f Though given to Bishops of former times, at appears in St. Cyprian and St. Augustine's Letters. Titles bestowed upon him in Letters sent to him, which he could not help. Dr. pocklington and Bishop Montague deriving his succession (as Mr. Mason had done before, and all wise men that would not give our adversaries the advantage to prove the interruption of the Lineal succession of our Ministry, do still) from Augustine, Gregory, and St. Peter's Chair; Bishop Mountagues Sons going to Rome, and Secretary g Note that Windebanke was at dis●●●ve from the A. B. of 〈◊〉. Windebankes Correspondency with, entertainment by, and favour for Catholics. His checking of Pursuivants and Messengers for their cruelty to Papists, inconsistent with the Laws of the Land, and the Charity one Christian ought to have towards the other; his endeavour after a reconciliation of all Christian Churches expressed in these words: h Reply to fither. p. 388 I have with a faithful, and single heart, laboured the meeting, the blessed meeting of peace and truth in Christ Church, which God I hope will in due time effect. His Correspondence with Priests and Jesuits (not half so much as Archbishop Bancroft and Abbot, held with them to understand the bottom of their Intrigues and Designs) not proved against him, he being as shy of them and they of him, as any man in England; and only watchful over them and others that were likely to disturb the Peace of the Realm, in such a prudent and discreet way, as the vulgar understand not, and therefore suspected. His not believing every idle rumour about Papists and others, so far as to acquaint the King and Counsel with it, especially when they tended to the disparagement of our gracious Queen, or her Great Mother. His answer writ by the King's command to the Commons Remonstrance against him 1628. The Lord Wentworths Letter to him about Parliaments in Ireland: His speaking a good word for an old Friend Sir F. W. to prefer him at Court. His supervising of the Scottish Lyturgy by warrant from the King, and the good Orders sent into Scotland by the King's Command, and under his Hand and Seal. All the Letters he sent into Scotland about that Affair, by his Majesty's special Command in these words: Canterbury, I require you to hold a Correspondency with the Bishop of Dunblane, the present Dean of our Chapel Royal in Edinburgh, that so from time to time he may receive our directions by you, for the ordering of such things as concern our Service in the said Chapel. By virtue of which likewise he was enjoined to peruse the new Common-prayer, and Canons of Scotland, sent by the Bishops there, hither to England; and send them, with such emendations, as his Majesty allowed, back again into Scotland. His being the occasion of the Tumults there who was against the Commission for recovering Tithes, which was the real occasion of them, and who writ thus to the Lord Traquair, High-Treasurer of Scotland: My Lord, I Think you know my opinion, how I would have Church-business carried, were I as great a Master of men, as I thank God I am of things, the Church should proceed in a constant temper; she must make the world see she had the wrong, but offered none, And since Law hath followed in that kingdom, perhaps to make good that which was ill done; yet since a Law it is, such a Reformation, or Restitution should be sought for, as might stand with the Law, and some expedient be found out, how the Law may be by some just Exposition helped, till the State shall see cause to Abolish it. Yea, and found great fault with the Bishops there, for that they acted in these things without the privity and advice of the Lords, and others his Majesty's Councils, Officers of State, and Ministers of Government. Some Jesuits writing pretended Letters, discovering the method taken in England for reducing Scotland; a Paper of Advice sent him about Scotland from a great man thither, and Sir john Burwughs observation out of Records, concerning War with Scotland, transcribed for his use; among which these are considerable. I. For Settling the Sea Coast. 1. Forts near the Sea, Fortified and Furnished with Men and Munition. 2. All Persons that had Possessions or Estates in Maritine Counties, commanded by Proclamation to reside there with Families and Retinue. 3. Beacons Erected in divers fitting places. 4. Certain Light Horse about the Sea Coasts. 5. Maritine Counties Armed, and Trained under several Commanders, led by one General under his Majesty. II. Concerning the Peace of the Kingdom. 1. All Conventicles and Secret Meetings severely forbidden. 2. All Spreaders of Rumours, and Tale-bearers Imprisoned. 3. All able Men, from sixteen to threescore, throughout the Kingdom Armed and Trained; and those that could not bear Arms themselves having Estates, to maintain those that could. An Order of the Councel-table, under thirteen Privy-Counsellors hands to him and all the Bishops, to stir up all the Clergy of ability in their respective Dioceses, to contribute towards the defence of the Realm, and a Warrant under his Majesty's hand, to the same purpose; The suppression of the scandalous Paper about the Pacification, disavowed by the English Commissioners, the Earls of Arundel, Pembroke, and Salisbury, etc. The King's Officers Contributions toward the same occasions. The Sitting of the Convocation 1640. by his Majesty's Order, approved by all the Judges of the Land under their hands. The Orders sent by the Council, to the Lord Conway, then in Chief Command of the Forces raised to stop the Scottish Invasion. The Recusants' Contributions according to their Allegiance, towards the defence of the Kingdom, by the Queen's Majesty's directions● The Prentice's Complaint, for want of Trade, Monopolies, & c. The Discoveries the Catholics pretended to make of one another. These are his pretended Faults, most part whereof are Faults that no man yet was thought guilty for, being excellent Virtues; and the rest of the miscarriages, he was not guilty of, being 1. Either the Acts of whole Courts, where he was never but one, and sometimes none. 2. Or the actions of particular Persons, in whom he was not concerned; or acts of State, by which he was obliged. So that in reference to the first, he might use St. Eucherius his Prayer. God pardon me my sins, and Men forgive me God's grace and gifts: And with respect to the second, that good man's Orisons, who used to pray, O! forgive me my other men's sins. And these the crimes for which his Sacred Blood, after so many Tumults, Libels, and Petitions in England, Scotland, and Ireland, was shed; without any respect to his Abilities, his Services, his Age, his Function, or Honour: Crimes you see answered when named, made up into a Charge that was its own Reply, and therefore barely set down by me, without any reflection, save their own nature and self-confutation. What is ridiculous need only be showed. But hear the good man himself, that had so often a See his D●otions. interceded for others to God, pleading for himself before men. I. To his Charge in General. My Lords! MY being in this place in this condition, recalls to my memory that which I long since read in Seneca, Tormentum est, etiamsi absolutus quis fuerit causam dixisse (6. de Benef. c. 28.) His excellent Defence of himself. 1. His General Speech. 'Tis not a grief, only, no; 'tis no less than a torment, for an ingenuous man to plead Capitally or Criminally, though it should so fall out, that he be absolved. The great truth of this, I find at present in myself; and so much the more, because I am a Christian; and not that only, but in Holy-orders; and not so only, but by God's grace and goodness, preferred to the greatest place this Church affords; and yet brought, Causam dicere, to plead for myself at this Bar. And whatsoever the world think of me (and they have been taught to think much more ill of me, then, I humbly thank Christ for it, I was ever acquainted with) yet, My Lords, this I find, Tormentum est, 'tis no less than a torment to me, to appear in this place. Nay, my Lords, give me leave to speak plain truth; No sentence that can justly pass upon me (and other I will never fear from your Lordships) can go so near me, as Causam dicere, to plead for myself upon this occasion, and in this place. For as for the Sentence, be it what it shall, I thank God for it; I am for it at Saint Paul's ward (Acts 25. 11.) If I have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not do die: For I thank God, I have so lived, as that I am neither afraid to die, nor ashamed to live. But seeing the Malignity which hath been raised against me by some men, I have carried my very life in my hands these divers years past. But yet, my Lords, if there be none of these things whereof they accuse me, though I may not in this Case, and from this Bar appeal unto Caesar, yet to your Lordship's justice and Integrity, I both may, and do; not doubting, but that God of his goodness will preserve my innocency. And as job in the midst of his affliction said to his mistaken Friends, so shall I to my Accusers; God forbid I should justify you; till I die I will not remove my Integrity from me. I will hold it fast and not let it go, my heart shall not reproach me as long as I live, Job 22. 5. My Lords, the Charge against me is brought up in ten Articles, but, the main heads are two: An endeavour to subve●t the Laws of the Land, and the Religion established; Six Articles (the fifth, first and the last) concern the Laws, and the other four Religion. For the Laws, first, I think I may safely say, I have been, to my understanding, as strict an observer of them all the days of my life, so far as they concern me, as any man hath; and since I came into place, I have followed them, and been as much g●ided by them as any man that sat where I had the honour to sit. And of this I am sorry I have lost the testimony of the Lord Keeper Coventry, and other persons of Honour since dead. And the Council which attended at the Council-board can witness, some of them here present, that in all references to the Board, or debates arising at the Board, I was for that part of the cause, where I found Law to be; and if the Council desired to have the cause left to the Law, well I might move in some cases, Charity or Conscience to them; but I left them to the Law, if thither they would go: And how such a carriage as this through the whole course of my life in private and public, can stand, with an intention to overthrow the Laws, I cannot yet see. Nay more, I have ever been of opinion, That Laws bind the Conscience, and have accordingly made Conscience of observing them: and this doctrine I have constantly preached as occasion hath been offered me; and how is it possible, I should seek to overthrow those Laws which I held myself bound in Conscience to keep and observe? As for Religion, I was born and bred up in and under the Church of England, as it stands established by Law; I have by God's blessings grown up in it to the years which are now upon me, and to the place of Preferment which I now bear. I have ever since I have understood aught in my profession, kept one constant tenor in this my profession, without variation or shifting from one opinion to another, for any worldly ends: And if my conscience would have suffered me to do so, I could easily have slid through all the difficulties which I have pressed upon me in this kind: But of all diseases I have held, a Palsy in Religion most dangerous; well knowing and remembering, that disease often ends in a dead Palsy. Ever since I came in place, I have laboured nothing more, than that the external public worship of God (so much slighted in divers parts of this Kingdom) might be preserved, and that with as much decency and uniformity as might be: for I evidently saw, that the public neglect of God's service in the outward face of it, and the nasty lying of many places dedicated to that Service, had almost cast a damp upon the true and inward worship of God, which while we live in the body needs exterial helps, and all little enough to keep it in any vigour. And thus I did to the uttermost of my knowledge, according both to Law and Canon, and with the consent and liking of the people; nor did any Command issue out from me against the one, or without the other. Further my Lords, give me leave, I beseech you, to acquaint you with this also, that I have as little acquaintance with Recusants, as I believe, any man of my place of England hath, or ever had sithence the Reformation; and for my kindred, no one of them was ever a Recusant, but Sir William Web, Grandchild to my Uncle Sir William Web, sometimes Lord Mayor of London, and since which some of his Children I reduced back again to the Church of England. On this, one thing more I humbly desire may be thought on, That I am fallen into a great deal of obloquy in matter of Religion, and that so far (as appears by the Articles against me) that I have endeavoured to advance and bring in Popery: Perhaps my Lords, I am not ignorant what party of men have raised these scandals upon me, nor for what end, nor perhaps by whom set on; but howsoever, I would fain have a good reason given me, if my conscience stood that way, and that with my conscience I could subscribe to the Church of Rome, what should have kept me here before my imprisonment to endure the libelling, and the slander, and the base usage that hath been put upon me, and these to end in this question for my life? I say, I would know a good reason for this. First, my Lords, is it because of any pledges I have in the world to sway me against my conscience? No sure, for I have neither Wife nor Children to cry out upon me to stay with them; And if I had, I hope the calling of my conscience should be heard above them. Is it because I was loath to leave the honour and profit of the place I was risen too? Surely no, for I desire your Lordships and all the world should know, I do much scorn the one and the other, in comparison of my conscience. Besides, it cannot be imagined by any man, but that if I should have gone over to them, I should not have wanted both honour and profit; and suppose not so great as this I have here, yet sure would my conscience have served myself of either, less with my conscience would have prevailed with me, more than greater against my conscience. Is it, because I lived here at ease, and was loath to venture my loss of that? not so neither; for whatsoever the world may be pleased to think of me, I have led a very painful life, and such as I would have been content to change, had I well known how; and would my conscience have served me that way, I am sure I might have lived at far more ease, and either have avoided the barbarous Libelling and other bitter grievous scorns which have been put upon me, or at least been out of the hearing of them. Not to trouble your Lordships too long, I am so innocent in the business in Religion, so free from all practice, or so much as thought of practice for any alteration unto Popery, or any blemishing the true Protestant Religion established in England, as I was when my mother first bore me into the world; And let nothing be spoken but truth, and I do here challenge whatsoever is between Heaven or Hell, that can be said against me in point of my Religion, in which I have ever hated dissimulation. And had I not hated it, perhaps I might have been better for worldly safety then now I am: but it can no way become a Christian Bishop to halt with God. Lastly, if I had any purpose to blast the true Religion established in the Church of England, and to introduce Popery, sure I took a wrong way to it; for, my Lords, I have stayed more going to Rome, and reduced more that were already gone, then, I believe any Bishop or Divine in this Kingdom hath done; and some of them, men of great abilities, and some persons of great place; and is this the way to introduce Popery? My Lords, if I had blemished the true Protestant Religion, how could I have brought these men to it? And if I had promised to introduce Popery, I would never have reduced these men from it. And that it may appear unto Your Lordships how many, and of what condition the persons are, which by God's blessing upon my labours, I have settled in the true Protestant Religion established in England: I shall briefly name some of them, though I cannot do it in order of time, as I converted them. Henry Berkinstead of Trinity College Oxon, seduced by a jesuit and brought to London. (The Lords and others conceiving him to be Berchinhead the Author of all the Libellous Popish Oxford Aulieusses, against the Parliament, at the naming of him smiled: which the Archbishop perceiving, said, My Lords, I mean not Berchinhead the Author of Oxford Aulicus, but another.) Two Daughters of Sir Richard Lechford, in Surrey, sent towards a NUNNERY. Two Scholars of Saint john's College Cambridge, Toppin and Ashton; who got the French Ambassadors pass, and after this I allowed means to Toppin, and then procured him a fellowship in Saint john's: And he is at this present as hopeful a young man, as any of his time, and a Divine. Sir William Webbe, my kinsman, and two of his Daughters; And his Son I took from him, and his Father being utterly decayed, I bred him at my own charge, and he is a very good Protestant. A Gentleman brought to me by Mr. Chesford, his Majesty's Servant, but I cannot recall his name. The Lord Mayo of Ireland, brought to me also by Mr. Chesford. The Right Honourable the Lord Duke of Buckingham, almost quite gone between the Lady his Mother, and Sister. The Lady Marquis Hamilton, was settled by my direction, and she died very religiously and a Protestant. Mr. Digby, who was a Priest. Mr. james, a Gentleman brought to me by a Minister in Buckingham-shire, as I remember. Dr. Heart the Civilian, my Neighbour's Son at Fulham. Mr. Christopher Seaburne, a Gentleman of an ancient Family in Hereford-shire. The Right Honourable the Countess of Buckingham. Sir William Spencer of Parnton. Mr. Shillingworth. The Sons and Heirs of Mr. Winchcomb, and Mr. Wollescott, whom I sent with their friends liking to Wadham-Colledge Oxford, and received a Certificate Anno 1631. of their continuing in conformity to the Church of England. Nor did ever any one of these I have named relapse again, but only the Countess of Buckingham, and Sir William Spencer; it being only in God's power, not mine, to preserve them from relapse. And now let any Clergyman of England come forth, and give a better account of his zeal to the Church. To the Accusation against him, about Imposing a Liturgy upon the Church of Scotland, he gave in this true Narrative. DOctor john Maxwell, the late Bishop of Rosse, came to me from his Majesty. It was during the time of a great sickness, which I had Anno 1629. (which is eleven years since.) The cause of his coming was to speak with me about a liturgy for Scotland. At this time I was so extreme ill, that I saw him not. And had death (which I then expected daily) seized on me, I had not seen this heavy day. After this, when I was able to sit up, he came to me again, and told me, It was his Majesty's pleasure, that I should receive some instructions from some Bishops of Scotland concerning a Lyturgrie, that he was employed about it; I told him, I was clear of opinion, that if his Majesty would have a liturgy settled there different from what they had already, it was best to take the English liturgy without any variation, that so the same Service-book might pass through all his Majesty's Dominions. To this he replied, that he was of a contrary opinion, and that not he only, but the Bishops there, thought their Countrymen would be much better satisfied, if a liturgy were made by their own Bishops, but withal, that it might be according to the form of our English Book. I added, if this were the resolution, I would do nothing till I might by God's blessing have health and opportunity to wait upon the King. And here give me leave (I humbly beseech you) to tell your Lordships, that this was no new conceit of his Majesty to have a Lyturgy framed, and Canons made for the Church of Scotland: For he followed the example and care in the business of his Royal Father King james of blessed memory, who took Order for both at the Assembly held at Perth, Anno 1618. As appears in the Acts of that General Assembly, and the Sermon which the late Reverend Arch Bishop of St. Andrews, preached before it, pag. 40. & 68 When I was able to go abroad, and came to his Majesty, I represented all that passed. His Majesty avoided the sending of Dr. Maxwell to me, and the business, but then agreed to my opinion, to have the English without alteration. And in this case I held the business for two, if not three, years at least: Afterwards the Scottish Bishops still pressing his Majesty that a liturgy made by themselves, and in some things different from the English Service, would relish better with their Countrymen, they prevailed with his Majesty at last to have it so, notwithstanding all I could say or do to the contrary. Then his Majesty commanded me to give the Bishops of Scotland the best assistance I could in this way & work. I delayed as much as I could with my Obedience. When nothing would serve but it must go on, I did not only acquaint his Majesty with it, but writ down most of the amendment or alterations in his Majesty's presence. And do hope there is no one thing in that Book which may not stand with the Conscience of a right good Protestant. Sure I am, his Majesty approved them all, and I have his warrant under his Royal hand for all that I did about that Book. As for the way of introducing it, I ever advised the Bishops both in his Majesty's presence, and at other times, that they would look carefully to it, and be sure to do nothing in any kind but what should be agreeable to the Laws of that kingdom. And that they should at all times as they saw cause, be sure to take the advice of the Lords of his Majesty's Council in that Kingdom, and govern themselves accordingly. Which course if they have not followed, that can no way (as I conceive) reflect upon me. And I am able to prove by other particulars as well as this, that for any thing concerning that Nation, I have been as careful their Laws might be observed, as any man that is a stranger to them might be. To the grand Charge, his endeavour to reconcile the Church of England to the Church of Rome (which certainly is a noble design) or a plot to introduce Popery; he made this general defence Sept. 2. 1644. My Lords, I Am charged for endeavouring to introduce Popery, and reconcile the Church of England to the Church of Rome: I shall recite the sum of the Evidence and Arguments given in for to prove it. First, I have in my first Speech, nominated divers persons of Eminency, whom I reduced from Popery to our Church, And if this be so, than the Argument against me is this; I converted many from Popery, Ergo, I went about to bring in Popery, and to reconcile the Church of England to the Church of Rome. Secondly, I am charged to be the Author of the, & c. Oath in the New Canons, parcel of which Oath is to abjure Popery, and that I will not subject the Church of England to the Church of Rome (A more strict Oath then ever was made against Popery in any Age or Church.) And then the agreement against me is this; I made and took an Oath to abjure Popery, and not to subject the Church of England to the Church of Rome; therefore I was inclinable to Popery, and endeavoured to subject the Church of England to the Church of Rome. Thirdly, The third Canon (of the late New ones) was made by me, which is against Popery; and then the Argument is; I made a Canon against Popery; Ergo, I was inclinable to, and endeavoured to introduce it. Fourthly, I was twice seriously offered a Cardinalship, and I refused it; because I would not be subject to the Pope and Church of Rome; Ergo, I was addicted to Popery, and endeavoured to reduce the Church of England into subjection to the Church of Rome. Fifthly, I writ a Book against Popery, in Answer to Fisher the Jesuit; and then the Argument is this; I writ a Book against Popery; Ergo, I am inclinable to Popery, and laboured to introduce it. Sixthly, It is alleged, I concealed and cherished the Plot of the Jesuits discovered by Habernfield; and therefore I intended to bring in Popery, and reduce the Church of England to the Church of Rome. I answer, either this Plot was not real; and if so, than Rome's Masterpiece is quite blown up, and published in vain. Or else it was real, and then I was really in danger of my life, for opposing Popery and this Plot. Then the Argument from it must be this; I was in danger of my life, for cherishing the Jesuits Plot of reducing the Church of England to the Church of Rome; Ergo, I cherished and endeavoured to effect this Plot. Seventhly, I laboured to make a reconciliation between the Lutherans and Calvinists; Ergo, I laboured to introduce Popery, and make a reconciliation between the Church of England and the Church of Rome. These were his general Defences, besides his particular Answers to each Article of his Charge (consisting of near nine hundred, and designed to make up in number, what they wanted, that the good Prelate might sink under a Cumulative Impeachment, as his good friend L. L. I. did under a Cumulative Treason) so Accurate, so Pertinent, so Acute, so Full, so Clear, so Quick, and so Satisfactory and well Accommodated ad homines, as argued he had great abilities beyond expectation. A Clear Understanding above distractions, a Magnanimous Spirit out of the reach of misfortunes, a Firm Memory, proof against the infirmities of this age, and the injuries of the times, a Knowledge grasping most things and their circumstances, and a Prudence able to put them together to the most advantage; and in fine, a Soul high and serene above his afflictions, and what was more, the sense of them, his passions too; like Moses, he that was quick and zealous in Gods and the King's cause, was most meek and patient in his own; mastering himself first, and so (if there had been any place for reason) overcoming even his adversaries: Had not they injured him so much, that they thought themselves not safe unless they did injure him more; and secure themselves from the guilt of their Libels, Tumults, Imprisonments, and Impeachments, by the more dreadful one of his Death. (So men are robbed, first of their Goods, and upon second thoughts, lest they should complain and retaliate, of their Lives.) And indeed he could not expect there should be a great distance, between his Prison and his Grave [A carceribus ad metam] the consciousness of their guilt in burying him above ground in his Imprisonment, could no ways be satisfied, but by Imprisoning him under ground by his Burial. When they wanted nothing to complete their guilt but this death (concerning which his Majesty in his Letter to the Queen expresseth himself thus: Nothing can be more evident, than that strafford's Innocent Blood hath been one of the great causes of Gods just Judgement upon this Nation by a Civil War, both sides hitherto being almost equally punished, as being in a manner equally guilty; but now this last crying blood being totally theirs, I believe it's no presumption hereafter to hope, that his hand of Justice must be heavier upon them, and lighter upon us; looking now upon our Cause having passed by our faults) they preached and talked that nothing interrupted their success but his death, imputing all their disasters to his impunity, as the Heathens did all theirs to those like him, The first good Christians. Then upon any public misfortune it was Christiani ad Leones, and at this time, upon any misadventure Execute the Archbishop. Neither was he offered only to the revenge of the English, but likewise of the a His Trial was revived upon thei● s●cond Invasion. Scots too; whose Covenant was to be Celebrated with this Sacrifice, and Union cemented with this blood. Since neither the Law, nor Reason; neither Religion, nor Nature; neither the King's power, nor the Subject's innocence could preserve his life, the excellent man prepared himself with the comforts of all for death; having before settled his Estate in a charitable and b Making the R. W. sir 〈…〉 his 〈◊〉, his Executor. pious way, he had the better leisure to settle his soul; had not the cruelty of some people, that thought his very solitude too great an enjoyment for him, showed themselves as much enemies to private as public Devotions, disturbed his retirements with contumelies, upbraiding those very Devotions that then interceded for them, who would have laughed at Christ, if he had used his own prayer. Now if ever the Lion and the Lamb dwelled together, the highest Courage, and the sweetest Meekness together inhabiting one Breast; The great Pastor of the Church, going to die with the innocence and silence of a Lamb in the midst of contumelies, speaking not again himself, though his blood doth, and did; His last night's repose was the Emblem of his last rest, (his sleep the true image of his death) serene, and calm. Having stripped him of all the Honours of an Archbishop, they would have denied him the privilege of a Malefactor, to have his own worthy Confessor Dr. Stern, since Archbishop of York about him; taking it so ill, that he would not admit of Marshal, (that was fitter to be the Executioner, than a Chaplain) that because he would not die according to the humour of the Presbyterians, he should not die in the a The commons would have had him 〈◊〉, drawn, and quartered, because he refused the ●●●istance of Mr. Martial. honourable way of an Archbishop. 1. Sheriff Chambers of London, bringing over night the Warrant for his Execution, and acquainting him therewith, he betook himself to his b Observe, that he had set 〈◊〉 of prayer 〈◊〉 every con●●● he ●ell into● See his 〈◊〉 own, and desired also the prayers of others, and particularly of Doctor Holdsworth, his Fellow Prisoner there for a year and a half, though all that time there had not been the least converse between them: The next morning, being brought out of the Tower to the Scaffold, he ascended it with an extraordinarily cheerful and ruddy c His fac● was so rudoy that they thought he had painted it, until they saw it turn as pale as ashes instantly a●●er the blow. countenance, (he that had been so long a Martyr, no doubt thinking it release of misery to be made a Martyr) as if he had mounted rather to have beheld a triumph, than to be made a sacrifice; and came not there to die, but to be translated, and exchange his Mitre for the Crown of Martyrdom. The clearness of his Conscience being legible in the cheerfulness of his dying looks, as the ferenity of the weather is understood by the glory and ruddiness of the setting Sun; there desiring to have room to die, and declaring that he was more willing to go out of the world, than any man to send him; he first took care to stop the chinks near the block, and remove the people he spied under it, expressing himself that it was no part of his desire, that his blood should fall upon the heads of the people; in which desire it pleased God he was so far gratified, that there remaining a small hole from a knot in the midst of a board, the forefinger of his right hand at his death happened to stop that also: and then at once pardoning and overcoming his Enemies, many of whom coming thither to insult, went away to weep for him, who had this peculiar happiness with his Master, that he gained that reverence by his Adversity, that neither he nor any gained in Prosperity; he turned his Scaffold to a Pulpit, and Preached his own Funeral, in these express words delivered by him to the excellent Dr. Sterne, to be communicated to his Fellow-Chaplains. His Grace's Speech, according to the Original, written with his own hand, and delivered by him upon the Scaffold on Tower-hill, jan. 10. 1644. To his Chaplain Dr. Stern, now Lord Archbishop of York. Good People, THis is an uncomfortable time to preach, yet I shall begin with a Text of Scripture, Heb. 12. 2. Let us run with patience that race which is set before us: Looking unto jesus the Author and Finisher of our Faith, who for the joy that was set before him, endured the Cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the Throne of God. I have been long in my Race, and how have I looked unto Jesus the Author and Finisher of my faith, he best knows. I am now come to the end of my Race, and here I find the Cross, a death of Shame. But the shame must be despised, or no coming to the right hand of God. Jesus despised the shame for me, and God forbid that I should not despise the shame for him. I am going apace (as you see) towards the Red Sea, and my feet are upon the brink of the very brink of it: An Argument I hope, that God is bringing me into the Land of Promise, for that was the way through which he led his people. But before they came to it, he instituted a Passeover for them. A Lamb it was, but it must be eaten with sour herbs, Exod. 12. 8. I shall obey, and labour to digest the sour herbs, as well as the Lamb. And I shall remember it is the Lords Passeover. I shall not think of the herbs, nor be angry with the hand that gathered them, but look up only to him who instituted that, and governs these; for men can have no more power over me then what is given them from above, St. john 19 11. I am not in love with this passage through the Red Sea, for I have the weakness of flesh and blood plentifully in me. And I have prayed with my Saviour, Vt transiret calix iste, that this Cup of Red Wine might pass from me, St. Luke 22. 42. But if not, Gods will, not mine be done. And I shall most willingly drink of this Cup as deep as he pleases, and enter into this Sea, yea, and pass through it in the way that he shall lead me. But I would have it remembered (Good people) that when God's Servants were in this boisterous Sea, and Aaron among them, the Egyptians which persecuted them, and did in a manner drive them into that Sea, were drowned in the same waters, while they were in pursuit of them. I know my God, whom I serve, is able to deliver me from this Sea of blood, as he was to deliver the three Children from the furnace, Dan. 3. And (I most humbly thank my Saviour for it) my ●●●●lution is, as theirs was: They would not worship the Image which the King had set up, nor will I forsake the Temple and the ●●●uth of God, to follow the bleating of jeroboams Calves in Da●, 〈◊〉 in Bethel. And as for this people, they are at this day miserably misled: God of his mercy open their eyes, A Prophetical 〈◊〉 exactly fallen out to be 〈◊〉. that they may see the right way. For at this day the blind lead the blind, and if they go on, both will certainly into the ditch, St. Luke 6. 39 For myself, I am (and I acknowledge it in all humility) a most grievous sinner many ways, by Thought, Word, and Deed: And yet I cannot doubt but that God hath mercy in store for me a poor penitent, as we●e as for other sinners. I have now upon this sad occasion ransacked every corner of my heart, and yet I thank God I have not found among the many, any one sin, which deserves death by any known Law of this Kingdom. And yet hereby I charge nothing upon my Judges. For if they proceed upon proof by valuable witnesses, I or any other innocent may be justly condemned. And I thank God, though the weight of this Sentence lie heavy upon me, I am as quiet within as ever I was in my life. And though I am not only the first Archbishop, but the first man that ever died by an Ordinance in Parliament, yet some of my Predecessors have gone this way, though not by this means. For Elphegus was hurried away and lost his head by the Danes; Simon Sudbury in the fury of Wat Tyler and his followers. 〈…〉 Before these St. john Baptist had his head danced off by a lewd Woman: And St. Cyprian Archbishop of Car●hage, submitted his head to a persecuting sword. Many Examples, Great and Good; and they teach me patience. For I hope my cause in Heaven will look of another die, than the colour that is put upon it here. And some comfort it is to me, not only that I go the way of these great Men in their several Generations; but also that my Charge, as foul as it is made, looks like that of the Jews against St. Paul, Acts 25. 8. For he was accused for the Law, and the Temple, i.e. Religion. And like that of St. Stephen, Acts 6. 14. for breaking the Ordinances which Moses gave, i.e. Law, and Religion, the Holy Place, and the Law, ver. 13. But you will say, do I then compare myself with the integrity of St. Paul, and St. Stephen? No, far be it from me. I only raise a comfort to myself, that these great Saints and Servants of God were laid at in their times, as I am now. And it is Memorable, that St. Paul, who helped on this accusation against St. Stephen, did after fall under the very same himself. Yea, but here's a great clamour that I would have brought in Popery, I shall answer that more fully by and by. In the mean time you know what the Pharisees laid against Christ himself, john 11. 48. If we let him alone, all men will believe on him: Et venient Romani, And the Romans will come, and take away both our place, and the Nation. Here was a causeless cry against Christ, that the Romans would come; and see how just the Judgement of God was. They crucified Chri●t for fear lest the Romans should c●me● And his death was it which brought in the Romans upon them; God punishing them with that which they most feared. And I pray God this clamour of Venient Romani, of which I have given no cause, help not to bring them in. For the Pope never had such a Harvest in England since the Reformation, as he hath now upon the Sects and Divisions that are amongst us. In the mean time, by Honour and Dishonour, by good Report, and evil Report, as a deceived, and yet true, am I passing through this world, 2 Cor. 6. 8. Some particulars also, I think it not amiss to speak of. 1. And First, This I shall be bold to speak of the King our gracious Sovereign; he hath been much traduced also for bringing in of Popery. But on my Conscience, (of which I shall give God a present account) I know him to be as free from this Charge as any man living: And I hold him to be as found a Protestant according to the Religion by Law Established, 〈◊〉 G●eces Ch●ratler of K. Charles the Ma●yr. as any man in his Kingdom; And that he will venture his life as far, and as freely for it. And I think I do, or should know both his affection to Religion, and his grounds for it, as fully as any man in England. 2. The second particular, is concerning this great and populous City (which God bless.) Here hath been of late a fashion taken up to gather hands, and then go to the Great Court of the Kingdom, the Parliament, and clamour for Justice; as if that great and wise Court, before whom the Causes come which are unknown to the many, could not, or would not do justice but at their appointment; a way which may endanger any innocent man, and pluck his blood upon their heads, and perhaps upon the Cities also. And this hath been lately practised against myself, the Magistrates standing still and suffering them openly to proceed from parish to parish without check. God forgive the setters of this, with all my heart I beg it: but many well-meaning people are caught by it. In St. Stephen's Case, when nothing else would serve, they stirred up the people against him, Act. 6. 12. And Herod went the same way: When he had killed St. james, yet he would not venture upon St. Peter, till he found how the other pleased the people, Acts 12. 3. But take heed of having your hands full of blood, Isa. 1. 15. For there is a time best known to himself, when God above other sins makes inquisition for blood. And when that inquisition is on foot, the Psalmist tells us, Psal. 9 12. That God Remembers, but that's not all, he remembers, and forgets not the Complaint of the poor, i.e. whose blood is shed by oppression, ver. 9 Take heed of this: 'Tis a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God, Heb. 12. but then especially, when he is making inquisition for blood. And with my prayers to avert it, I do humbly desire this City to remember the Prophecy that is expressed, jer. 26. 15. 3. The third particular is, the poor Church of England. It hath flourished, and been a shelter to other Neighbour Churches, when storms have driven upon them. But alas, now it is in a storm itself, and God only knows whether, or how it shall get out. And which is worse than a storm from without, it is become like an Oak cleft to shivers with wedges made out of its own body. And at every cleft profanneness and irreligion is entering in; While (as Prosper speaks) men that introduce profaneness, Lib●. De vitae contempt. cop. 4. are cloaked over with the Name Religionis Imaginariae, of Imaginary Religion: for we have lost the substance, and dwell too much in Opinion. And that Church which all the Jesuits machinations could not ruin, is now fallen into danger by her own. 4. The last particular, (for I am not willing to be too long) is myself, I was born and baptised in the bosom of the Church of England Established by Law, in that Profession I have ever since lived, and in that I come now to die. What clamours and slanders I have endured for labouring to keep an Uniformity in the external service of God, according to the Doctrine and Discipline of this Church, all men know, and I have abundantly felt. Now at last I am accused of High-Treason in Parliament, a Crime which my soul ever abhorred. This Treason was Charged to consist of two parts, an endeavour to subvert the Laws of the Land: And a like endeavour to overthrow the true Protestant Religion Established by Law. Besides my answers to the several Charges, I protested mine innocency in both Houses. It was said, Prisoners protestations at the Bar must not be taken. I must therefore come now to it upon my death, being instantly to give God an account for the truth of it. I do therefore here in the presence of God and his holy Angels take it upon my death, that I never endeavoured the subversion either of Law or Religion, and I desire you all to remember this protest of mine, for my innocency in this, and from all Treasons whatsoever. I have been accused likewise as an Enemy to Parliaments: No, I understand them, and the benefit that comes by them too well to be so: But I dislike the misgovernments of some Parliaments many ways, and I had good reason for it; for Corruptio optimi est pessima. And that being the highest Court, over which no other hath Jurisdiction, when 'tis misinformed, or misgoverned, the subject is left without all Remedy. But I have done, I forgive all the world, all and every of those bitter Enemies which have persecuted me; And humbly desire to be forgiven of God first, and then of every man. And so I heartily desire you to join in prayer with me. His Grace's Prayer upon the Scaffold. O Eternal God, and Merciful Father, look down upon me in Mercy, in the Riches and Fullness of thy Mercies. Look upon me, but not till thou hast nailed my Sins to the Cross of Christ, but not till thou hast bathed me in the Blood of Christ, not till I have hid myself in the Wounds of Christ; that so the punishment due unto my sins may pass over me. And since thou art pleased to try me to the uttermost, I most humbly beseech thee, give me now in this great instance, full patience, proportionable comfort, and a heart ready to die for thine honour, the King's happiness, and this Chuches preservation. And my zeal to these (far from arrogancy be it spoken) is all the sin (humane frailty excepted, and all incidents thereto) which is yet known to me in this particular, for which I come now to suffer: I say, in this particular of Treason. But otherwise my sins are many and great; Lord pardon them all, and those especially (what ever they are) which have drawn down this present Judgement upon me. And when thou hast given me strength to bear it, do with me as seems best in thine own eyes, Amen. And that there may be a stop of this issue of blood, in this more than miserable Kingdom, O Lord, I beseech thee give grace of Repentance to all bloodthirsty people. But if they will not repent, O Lord, confound their designs, defeat and frustrate all their designs and endeavours, which are, or shall be contrary to the glory of thy great Name, the truth and sincerity of Religion, the establishment of the King and his Posterity after him, in their just Rights and Privileges, the Honour and Conservation of Parliaments in their just Power, the Preservation of this poor Church in her Truth, Peace, and Patrimony, and the settlement of this distracted and distressed People under their ancient Laws, and in their native Liberties. And when thou hast done all this in mere mercy for them, O Lord, fill their hearts with thankfulness, and with religious dutiful obedience to thee, and thy Commandments all their days. So, Amen Lord Jesus, Amen. And receive my soul into thy bosom. Amen. Our Father which art in Heaven, etc. The Lord Archbishop's Prayer, as he Kneeled by the Block. LOrd, I am coming as fast as I can. I know I must pass through the shadow of death, before I can come to see thee. But it is but Vmbra Mortis, a mere shadow of death, a little darkness upon Nature; but thou by thy Merits and Passion hast broke through the jaws of death. So, Lord receive my soul, and have mercy upon me, and bless this kingdom with plenty, and with brotherly love and charity, that there may not be this effusion of Christian blood amongst them, for Jesus Christ his sake, if it be thy will. Many there was to see so able an Head struck off at one blow, as it was upon these words of his spoken aloud, Lord receive my Soul. And more crowded to see so good a man buried at his own Church of Barking in London by the Common-prayer (which was Voted down at the same time that he was Voted to die) in hope both of that resurrection, which he hath had already with the Cause he died for; being removed in july 1663. from Barking in London to Saint john's College in Oxford, with his friend and successor in that College, the Deanery of the Chapel, Bishopric of London, and Archbishopric of Canterbury, raised by him, where he was Interred with these Monuments. The first by Dr. M. Lluelin, than Student of Christ-church. An Elegy on the most Reverend Father in God William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. Attached the 18. of December 1640. Beheaded the 10. of January 1644. Most Reverend Martyr, THou, since thy thick Afflictions first begun, Mak'st Dioclesian's days all Calm, and Sun; And when thy Tragic Annals are compiled, Old Persecution shall be Pity styled; The Stake and Faggot shall be Temperate Names, And Mercy wear the Character of Flames: Men Knew not then Thrift in the Martyr's Breath, Nor woven their Lives into a four years' Death. Few ancient Tyrants do our Story's Tax, That slew first by delays, then by the Axe: But these (Tiberius like) alone do cry, 'Tis to be reconciled to let thee die. Observe we then a while into what Maze, Compass, and Circle, they contrive delays; What Turns and wild Perplexities they choose, Ere they can Forge their Slander, and Accuse: The Sun hath now brought his warm Chariot back, And Road his Progress round the Zodiac; When yet no Crime appears, when none can tell, Where thy guilt sleeps, nor when 'twill break the Shell. Why is his Shame deferred? what's in't that brings Your Justice back, spoils Vengeance of her Wings? Hath Mercy seized you? will you Rage no more? Are Winds grown tame? have Seas forgot to roar? No, a Wild Fierceness hath your Minds possessed, Which Time and Sins must cherish and digest: You durst not now let his clear Blood be spilt, You were not yet grown up to such a Gild; You try if Age, if Seventy Years can Kill; Then y'have your ends, and you are Harmless still; But when this failed, you do your Paths enlarge, But would not yet whole Innocence discharge. You'll not be Devil all, you fain would prove, Good at fair distance, within some remove. " Virtue hath sweets, which are good men's duegain, " Which Vice would not deserve, yet would retain. This was the Cause, why once it was your Care, That Storms and Tempests in your Sins might share: You did engage the Waves, and strongly stood To make the Water guilty of his Blood. Boats are dispatch● in haste, and 'tis his Doom, Not to his Charge, but to his Shipwreck come. Fond men, your cruel Project cannot do, Tempests and Storms must learn to Kill from you; When this came short, He must walk Pilgrimage, No Coach, nor Mule, that may sustain his Age, Must trace the City (now a Desert rude) And combat Savage Beasts, the Multitude. But when Guardian Innocence can fling Awe round about, and save him by that Ring. When the just Cause can fright the Beasts away, And make the Tiger tremble at her Prey. When neither Waves dare seize him, nor the Rout, The Storm with Reason, nor the Storm without: Lost in these straits when Plots have vanquished been, And Sin perplexed hath no relief, but Sin. Agent and Instruments now on you fall, You must be Judges, People, Waves and all; Yet 'cause the Rout have it performed by you, And long to see done, what they dare not do. You put the Crime to use, it swells your heap, Your Sins, your Wealth, nor are you guilty cheap, You Husband all; There's no appearance lost, Nor comes he once to th' Bar, but at their cost. A constant Rate well Taxed, and Levied right, And a just Value set upon each Sight. At last they find the days by their own Purse, Less known from him, than what they do disburse: But when it now strikes high for him t' appear, And Chapmen see the Bargain is grown dear; They Muster Hands, and their hot Suits enlarge, Not to pursue the Man, but save the Charge. Then lest you lose their Custom (a just fear) Selling your Sins, and others Blood too dear. You grant their Suits, the Manner, and the Time, And he must die for what no Law calls Crime. Th' afflicted Martyrs, when their pains began, Their Trajan had, or Dioclesian. Their Tortures wear some Colours and proceed, Though from no guilt, yet 'cause they disagreed. What League, what Friendship there? They could not join, And fix the Ark and Dagon in one Shrine. Faith, combats Faith; And how agreed can they, That still go on, but still a several way? Zeal, Martyr's Zeal, and Heat against Heat conspires, As Theban Brothers fight, though in their Fires. Yet as two different Stars unite their Beams, And Rivers mingle Waves, and mix their Streams: And though they challenge each a several Name, Conspire, because their moisture is the same. So parties Knit, though they be divers Known, The Men are many, but the Christian one. Trajan, no Trajan was to his own Herd, And Tigers are not by the Tigers feared. What strange excess then? what's that menstruous power, When Flames do Flames, and Streams do Streams devour. Where the same Faith, against the same Faith doth Knock, And Sheep are Wolves to Sheep of the same Flock? Where Protestant, the Protestant defies, Where both Assent, yet one for Dissent dies? Let these that doubt this, through his Actions wade, When some must needs convince, all may persuade. Was he Apostate, who your Champion stood, Bathed in his Ink before, as now in Blood? He that unwind ' the Sable Jesuit, That feels the Serpent's teeth, and is not bit? Unites the Snake, finds each mysterious Knot, And turns the Poison into Antidote. Doth Nicety with Nicety undo? And makes the Labyrinth the Labyrinth's Clew? That sleight by sleight subdues, and clearly proves, Truth hath her Serpents too, as well as Doves. Now, you that blast his Innocence, survey, And view the Triumph of this glorious day; Could you (if that might be) if you should come To Seal God's Cause with your own Martyrdom, (Could all the blood whose Tides move in their veins, Which then perhaps were Blood, but now in stains) (Yield it that force and strength, which it hath took Should we except his Blood) from this his Book, Your Flame or Axe would less evince to Men, Your Block and Stake would prop, less than his Pen. Is he Apostate whom the Baits of Rome Cannot seduce, though all her glories come? Whom all her specious Honours cannot hold? Who hates the Snare, although the Hook be Gold? Who prostituted Titles can despise, And from despised Titles greater rise? Whom Names cannot Amuse, but seats withal The Protestant above the Cardinal? Who sure to his own Soul, doth scorn to find A Crimson Cap the purchase of his mind? " Who is not great may blame his Fates offence, " Who would not be, is great in's Conscience. Next these, his sweat and care how to advance The Church but to her just Inheritance, How to gain back her own, yet none beguile, And make her Wealth her purchase, nor her spoil: Then, shape God's Worship to a joint Consent, Till when, the Seamless Coat must still be Rend: Then, to repair the shrines, as Breaches sprung, Which we should hear, could we lend Paul's a Tongue. Speak, speak! Great Monument! while thou yet art such, And Rear him 'bove their scandals and their touch; Had he survived, thou mightst in Time delare, vast things may Comely be, and Greatest Fair. And though thy Limbs spread high and Bulk exceed, Thou'dst proved that Giants are no monstrous Breed: Then 'bove extent thy lustre would prevail, And against dimension Feature turn the scale; ●ut now, like Pyrrah's half adopted Birth, Where th' issue part was Woman, part was Earth, When female some, and some to Stone was bend, And the one h●lf was t' others Monument, Thou must imperfect lie, and learn to Groan, Now for his Ruin, straightway for thine own: But this and Thousand such Abortives are, By Bloody Rebels Ravished from his Care; But yet though some miscarried in the Womb, And Deed's stillborn have hastened to their Tomb, God (that Rewards him now) forbade his store, Should all lie hid, and he but give i'th' ore. Many are stamped and shaped, and do still shine, Approved at Mint, a Firm, and perfect Coin. Witness that Mart of Books that yonder stands, Bestowed by him, though by another's Hands: Those Attic Manuscripts, so rare a Piece, They tell the Turk, he hath not conquered Greece. Next these, a second beauteous heap is thrown, Of Eastern Authors, which were all his own; Who in so various Languages appear, Babel, could scarce be their Interpreter. To these we may that fair-built College bring, Which proves that Learnings no such Rustic thing; Whose Structure well contrived doth not relate To Antic Fineness, but strong lasting state: Beauty well mixed with Strength, that it Complies Most with the Gazer's use, much with his Eyes, On Marble Columns thus the Arts have stood, As wise Seth's Pillar's saved 'em in the Flood. But did he leave here Walls, and only own A Glorious Heap, and make us Rich in Stone? Then had our Chanc'lor seemed to fail, and here Much honour due to the Artificer: But this our prudent Patron long foresaw, When he refined Rude Statutes into Law; Our Arts and Manners to his Building falls, And he Erects the Men, as well as Walls: " Thus Solon's Laws his Athens did Renown, " And turned that throng of Buildings to a Town. Yet neither Law, nor Statute, can be known So strict, as to himself, he made his own, Which in his Actions Inventory lies, Which Hell or Prinne can never scandalise: Where every Act his Rigid Eye surveys, And Night is Bar and judge to all his days; Where all his secret thoughts he doth comprise, And every Dream is summoned t' an Assize; Where he Arraigns' each Circumstance of care, Which never parts, dismissed without a Prayer, See! how he sifts and searches every part, And ransacks all the Glosets of his heart; He puts the hours upon the Rack and Wheel, And all his minutes must confess, or feel: If they reveal one Act which forth did come When humane frailty crept into the Loom, If one thread stain, or sully, break, or faint, So that the man does interrupt the Saint, He hunts it to its death, nor quits his fears, Till't be embalmed in Prayers, or drowned in Tears. The Sun in all his journey ne'er did see One more devote, or one more strict then Herald Since his Religion than's unmixed and Fine, And Works do warrant Faith, as o'er the Mine: What can his Crime be now? Now you must lay The Kingdom Laws subverted in his way: See! No such Crime doth o'er his Conscience grow, (Without which Witness ne'er can make it so) A clear Transparent White, bedecks his mind, Where nought but innocence can shelter find, Witness that Breath which did your stain and blot Wipe freely out, (though Heaven I fear will not) Witness that calm and quiet in his Breast, Prologue, and Preface, to his place of Rest; When with the World he could undaunted part, And see in Death, nor Meager looks, nor dart. When to the fatal Block his grey Age goes With the same ease, as when he took Repose. " He like old Enoch to his Bliss is gone, " 'Tis not his Death, but his Translation. The second by Mr. john Cleveland. On the Right Reverend Father in God, Wil Laud, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. I Need no Muse to give my Passion vent, He brews his Tears that studies to Lament. Verse chemically weeps; that pious rain Distilled with Art, is but the sweat o'th' brain. Who ever sobbed in Numbers? Can a groan Be quavered out by soft Division? 'Tis true, for Common formal Elegies, Not Bushels Wells can match a Poet's Eyes: In wanton Water-works he'll tune his Tears From a G●neva Jig up to the Spheres: But when he mourns at distance, weeps aloof, Now that the Conduit-head is his own Roof, Now that the fate is Public, we may call It Britain's Vespers; England's Funeral. Who hath a Pencil to express the Saint, But he hath Eyes too, washing off the Paint. There is no Learning, but what Tears surround, Like to Seth's Pillars in the Deluge drowned. There is no Church, Religion is grown From much of late, that She's increased to none: Like an Hydropic body full of Rheums, First swells into a body, then consumes. The Law is dead, or cast into a Trance, And by a Law-dough-baked, an Ordinance. The Lyturgy, whose doom was Voted next, Died as a Comment upon him the Text. There's nothing lives: Life is, since he is gone, But a Nocturnal Lucubration. Thus have you seen Death's Inventory read; In the Sum Total— Canterbury's dead. A sight would make a Pagan to Baptise Himself a Convert in his bleeding Eyes Would thaw the Rabble, that fierce Beast of ours (That which Hyena-like weeps and devours) Tears that flow brackish from their Souls within, Not to repent, but pickle up their Sin. Mean time no squalid grief his look defiles, He guilds his sadder fate with Noble smiles: Thus the World's eye with reconciled streams Shines in his showers as if he wept his beams. How could success such Villainies applaud? The State in S●rafford fell, the Church in Laud; The Twins of public rage adjudged to die, For Treasons they should Act by Prophecy. The Facts were done, before the Laws were made, The Trump turned up after the Game was played; Be dull great Spirits, and forbear to climb, For Worth is Sin, and Eminence a Crime. No Churchman can be innocent and high, 'Tis height makes Grantham Steeple stand awry. The III. By Mr. H. Birched Sometimes Fellow of All-Souls. Reverendissimo in Christo Patri D. Guliel. Laud Dom. Archiep. Cantuariensi. Parentalia. Dithyrambus Heb. Sheteph Oda Nempe erratica vel missa. ECclesiae pene heic triumphantis Archangelum, ah vere nimis Jam militantis Archimartyrem quâ nam Sat Celebrabimus Apotheosi! Qui sidelitate non fide Romanus, Christi sponsam Schismaticis deformatam defloratam haereticis, Primaevae restituebas virginitati & clariori Pulchritudinis Pompae. Tu pietatem doctrinali pabulo fovebas, nec non decoro vestiebas Disciplinae Lautus amictu— Torpeat ne Nuda Sanctitas; Aut famelica Languescat: Perfecta Religio, nec umbra, nec cadaver est. Testor ut Aedem sacratam, Literataque testor maenia, te nunquam Ambiisse titulum novae fundationis aut ecclesiae Attamen Novatae; simulatione honesta beneficentiam condidisti magnificus simul & a Vix adductus u● celeberrimum contra● ●ish●rum librum suo ●der et nomine. modestus hac etiam templi renovatione Antiquitatis aemulus: Nec matri natus erat gratior ecclesiae quam Nutrici alumnus academiae suffulciit eam dextera vestra firmis Aedificiorum Justinis Legum & Columnis mage mansuris, Accepit Pumiceum Sed Marmoreum Reliquit heu! Lycaeum At Athenae vel relictae linqui non videntur, donec ades muneribus perennis Cujus Laudibus Beneficia sua Materiam suppeditarunt & verba. a Libri quo● Amal●hra sibill● Tarquini● ven●m p●aebuit. Amalthaea folia, vel b Pellis Amaltheae Caprae in qua dicitur Jupiter res humanas escripsisle. Amalthaea Diphthera Salomonis & Pancarpia vilescunt collata voluminibus Pantoglossis: Quae undiquaque colligi studuit ambitus tuu● Queis emptis careas, unus emptor. Neve quid oxonio neges, negabas soli tibi ipsi tua; Thesaurus at cimeliorum Inventus poterat magis latere. Nisi Addidisses huic Babeli Interpretem, hominis gestiens Lapsum secundum restituisse novus Linguarum soter, uti Christus mentium: More & ore, ut unitas sit uniformitasque nobis. Haec autem Apertis manibus munificentia Induxit manicas, ac pedicas tulit Huic Isodaemoni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & sua capiti capitalis erat doctrina: Proh crimina Inaudita! Nam Christianos ut Tyranni Pristinos Pellibus Indutos pecorinis, Praedas lethiferis exposuere feris: Sic formas monstrosas factis ejus Induxerunt hostes; Quo saevius discerperetur Plebis ab Hydrâ. Qui laetus summos ubi sursum ascendit honores; Et Gentilitiae instar Alaudae Alacritate non minore decidit deorsum: Et cum delatorum Vipereos Gyros ut Paulus serpentem excusserat illaesus. Post lustrum moriendi, Quum perpessus erat vitae mortrique senium, Index severus sibi, Condonator Judicibus severior; Nolens deserere crucem, sive Coronam, ut salvus esset cum periculo salutis certiore; ubi sesqui Martyrium Pro nobis vixisset; Gratitudine aemulâ Ipso Immolatur pro Deo, vel Sacrificio victima. A CHARACTER OF ARCHBISHOP LAUD. THE Pregnancy of his Childhood, promised the Wisdom of his Riper Years, and obliged his Friends beyond their Abilities to his Support; and Strangers beyond Expectation to his Encouragement: Some Persons offering him great sums of money for his maintenance in his younger years, upon the bare security of his arts, which paid them well in his more reduced age. None more observant of Favour, none more mindful of Kindnesses, and none more grateful for Civilities: He was so wise, as seldom to forget an Injury in the consequence of it; and so Noble, as ever to remember Love in the return of it. His honest Parents conveyed him an excellent temper, and that temper a brave spirit, which had the advantage of his birth, a place at an equal distance from the University, where he was to be a Scholar; and the Court, where he was to be a Man: In the first of these, his Indefatigable Industry, his Methodical Study, his Quick Apprehension, his Faithful Memory, his Solid Judgement, his Active Fancy, his Grave and Quick Countenance, his Sharp and Piercing Eye● raised by Discreet and Wary Steps to all the Preferments, and commended him to all Employments of the University. When Proctor, whereof he was admitted for his prudence, a Having so when King James come in, an opportunity, to show himself. May, 4. 1603. to the Earl of Devonshire's Service, September 3. 1603. which hazarded; and when b He Read the Lecture Founded by Mr. May. Divinity Reader, 1602. observed by the Lords of Roch●st●r and Lincoln for his judgement, which advanced him, as his design was, above the level of Modern Sciolists: So were his Studies not prepossessed with the partial Systems of Geneva, but freely conversant with the impartial Volumes of the Church Catholic. He had an infallible apprehension of the Doctrine and Discipline, and a deep insight into the interest of Christianity. This Capacious Soul conversed with the most knowing of all Judgements, to find the bottom of all Errors; and with the most judicious of his own, to discern the grounds of all truth. He had his Eye to the University to reduce it, when Head of Saint john's, on the lower functions of the Church in his Pastoral charges, to reform them; and upon the higher, when Dean of Glou●est●r, Prebend of W●s●minster, and Bishop of St. David, to settle them. He was a man of that search and judgement, that he found out the principles of Government that were true to the Church; of that faithfulness and resolution, that amidst all discouragements he was true to them● The Church-government, he found by many private-spirited-men accommodated to their ease and interest, he adjusted to truth and settlement; consulting not humours, which are uncertain as Interest; but truth, which is certain as Eternity. Archbishop Abbots yield, and they will be pleased at last, was a great miscarriage; Archbishop laud's Resolve, for there is no end of yielding, was great policy. His great reach in Government, suitable to that King's apprehensions, commended him to King james; his vast ability and integrity to King Charles, and the Duke of Buckingham; to the first whereof he was Privy-councillor, to the other a bosom friend; before both whom he laid the best representation and Ideas of the English Government, as to things and persons in several abstracts, of any man under heaven. I have heard a Statesman say, That none knew joints, Turnings, Flexures, Interests of all Parties in Church or State, that were either to be encouraged or suppressed, with the seasons and opportunities to do it, so well as Doctor Laud. Discerning was his Foresight, complete his Intelligence, exact his Correspondence, quick his Dispatches, seasonable and effectual his Sermons and Discourses, inquisitive and observing his Converse. His Instruments were able and knowing men, that were faithful to the Church, as he was in Manwaring and Mountague's Case to them; Knowing well (as he wrote to my Lord of Buckingham that discouragement would deter men of parts, whom encouragement might make serviceable. He knew no man better how to temper a Parliament, having a Catalogue of all the Nobility and Gentry, with their interest and inclination, in his eye: He understood none more exactly what was to be discoursed and proposed to them, having a clear apprehension of the several junctures and tendencies of affairs. He entertained no thought but what was public in his breast, no man but was nobly spirited in his familiarity: Ever watchful he was of all opportunities to advance the Church's honour. 1. In her Sons, as Bishop juxon, etc. 2. Her Discipline, as in his several Visitations, Articles in Star-Chamber, and High-Commission matters. 3. In her Endowments, as the buying of Impropriations in Ireland. 4. In her Privilege, as the Canon of England. 5. In her Ornaments, as the repairing of St. Paul's, and most other Churches in his Province. 6. In her Universities, as the Statutes of Oxford, the Privileges of Cambridge, and his vast gifts of Oriental Books and Buildings, and his vaster design for both; and as watchful against all the designs to undermine it. The Feoffees for Impropriations he laid aside, the Sabbatizing and Predestinarian Controversies he silenced, the Licentious Press he reduced, Dignities and Preferments he worthily filled up, Bribes at Court he retrenched, no Interest, no Alliance could ever advance an unworthy Person while he lived: Breed up your Children well, and I will provide for them, was his saying to all his Relations. Many a man would be disobliged by his sternness at first view, for whom, if deserving, he would afterwards contrive kindnesses by after and unexpected favours. No place of experience did he ever miss, none of employment did he ever decline: He would never see Authority baffled, but ever wave all proceedings against all offenders, or go through with them; his Prosecutions, as in leighton's Case were close; his Observation of all circumstances, as in Loncolns' Wary; his Declaration of the Cases clear and convincing, as in pryn's, Bastwick, and Burtons'; his Sentence mild and compassionate, as in waller's; his Resolution and Justice ever making way to his mercy, and his mercy crowning his Justice: Often did he confer with the ablest and most Orthodox Clergy, with the most experienced and most observing and reserved Courtiers, with the profoundest Lawyers, with the skilfullest and discreetest Mechanics; out of all whose opinions, the result was his most exact Judgement in any Case that came before him at Court, or at Lambeth. The roughness of his nature sent most men discontented from him; but so, that he would often of himself find ways and means to sweeten such as had any worth again, when they looked for it. Many were offended at his prudent zeal against the Jewish Sabbatism in his government, who were very well satisfied with the strictness of his observation of the Lordsday in his person. But let one great man express another, Bishop Gauden, Archbishop Laud, whose thoughts lie so much the more leveled to his brave Sentiments, as his dignity did to his high place. As to his secret design of working up his Church by little and little to a Romish conformity and captivity, I do not believe (saith he) he had any such purpose or approved thought; because, beside his declared judgement and conscience, I find no secular policy or interest which he could thereby gain, either private or public, but rather lose much of the greatness and freedom, which he and other Bishops with the whole Church had; without which temptation, no man in charity may be suspected to act contrary to so clear convictions, so deliberate and declared determination of his conscience and judgement in Religion, as the Archbishop expresses in his very excellent Book. I am indeed prone to think, that possibly he wished there could have been any fair close or accommodation between all Christian Churches (the same which many grave and learned men have much desired.) And it may be his Lordship thought himself no unfit instrument to make way to so great and good a work, considering the eminencies of parts, power, and favour which he had. Happily he judged (as many learned and moderate men have) that in some things between Papist and Protestant, differences are made wider, and kept more open, raw, and sore then need be, by the private Pens and Passions of some Men, and the Interests of some little Parties, whose partial Polities really neglect the Public and true Interest of the Catholic Church, and Christian Religion; which consists much in Peace, as well as in Purity; in Charity, as in Verity. He found that where Papists were Silenced and Convinced in the more grand and pregnant Disputes (that they are Novel, Partial, and Unconform to Catholic Churches in ancient times) than he found they recovered spirits, and contested afresh against the unreasonable Transports, Violences and Immoderations of some professing to be Protestants; who to avoid Idolatry and Superstition, run to Sacrilege and Rudeness in Religion, denying many things that are Just, Honest, Safe, True and Reasonable, merely out of an (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) excessive Antipathy to Papists. Possibly the Archbishop, and some other Bishops of his mind did rightly judge, that the giving an Enemy fair play, by Just, Safe, and Honourable Concessions; was not to yield the conquest to him, but the most ready way to convince him of his wickedness; when no honest yield could help him any more, than they did endanger the true cause or courage of his Antagonist. For my part, I think the Archbishop of Canterbury was neither calvinist, nor Lutheran, nor Papist, as to any side or party; but all● as far as he saw, they agreed with the Reformed Church of 〈◊〉, either in Fundamentals, or innocent and decent Super●●●uctures: Yet, I believe, he was so far a Protestant, and of the ●e●ormed Religion, as he saw the Church of England did Protest 〈◊〉 the Errors, Corruptions, Usurpations, and Superstitions of 〈◊〉 Church of Rome; or against the novel Opinions and Practices of any Party whatsoever. And certainly, he did with as much honour as justice, so far own the Authentic Authority, Liberty, and Majesty of the Church of England (in its reforming and settling of its Religion) that he did not think fit any private new Masters whatsoever, should obtrude any Foreign or Domestic Dictates to her, or force her to take her Copy of Religion from so petty a place as Geneva was, or Frank fort, or Amsterdam, or Wittenbergh, or edinburgh; no, nor from Augsburgh or Arnheim, nor any foreign City or Town, any more than from Trent or Rome; none of which had any Dictatorian Authority over this great and famous Nation or Church of England, further than they offered sober Counsels, or suggested good Reasons, or cleared true Religion by Scripture, and confirmed it by good Antiquity, as the best Interpreter and Decider of obscure Places and dubious Cases. Which high value, its probable, as to his Mother the Church of England, and Constitution, was so potent in the Archbishop of Canterbury, that as he thought it not fit to subject her to the insolency of the Church of Rome; so nor to the impertinencies of any other Church or Doctor of far less repute in the Christian world; no doubt his Lordship thought it not handsome in Mr. Calvin, to be (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rather than 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) so censorious of the Church of England, to brand its Devotion or Liturgy with his tolerabiles ineptiae, who knew not the temper of the Nation, requiring then not what was absolutely best, but most conveniently good; and such not only the Liturgy was, but those things which he calls Tolerable Toys. I having occasion to speak with him, he upon a time was pleased to grant me access, and some freedom of speech with him; and withal, asked me the opinion of the people of him: I told him, they reported his Lordship endeavoured to betray the Church of England to the Roman Correspondency and Communion, he at length very calmly and gravely thus Replied, protesting with a serious attestation of his integrity before God's Omniscience, that however he might mistake in the mean Method, yet he never had other design than the Glory of God, the Service of his Majesty, the good Order, Peace, and Decency of the Church of England; that he was so far from complying with Papists, in order to confirm them in their errors, that he rather chose such Methods to advance the honour of the Reformed Religion in England, as he believed might soon silence the Cavils of fiercer Papists, induce the more moderate Recusants to come in to us, as having less visible occasion given them by needless Distances and Disputes to separate from us; which he thought arose much from that popular variety, Inconstancy, Easiness, Irreverence, and uncomeliness, which might easily grow among us in the outward profession of Religion, for want of observing such uniformity and decency in Religion, as were required by the Laws and Cannons of this Church and State. He added, that he had (further) a desire, as much as he could, to relieve the poor and depressed condition of many Ministers; which he had to his grief observed in Wales and England, where their discouragements were very great, by reason of the Tenuity and Incompetency of their Livings: That in his Visitations, he had sometime seen it with grief, among twenty Ministers, not one had so much as a decent Garment to put on, nor did he believe their other Treatment of Life was better; that he found the sordid and shameful Aspect of Religion and the Clergy, gave great advantages to those that were Popishly inclined; who would hardly ever think it best for them to join with that Church, which did not maintain either its own honour or the Clergy, to some competency and comeliness. Much more discourses his Lordship was pleased to use at several times to this purpose, which commands my charity to clear him, as far as I can judge, of any tincture of Popery truly so called, or of any Superstition, which placeth a Religion in the nature and use of that thing which God hath not either particularly commanded, or in general permitted. I suppose he thought, that where God hath allowed to his Church, and to every private Christian (so far as may consist with the Church's order and peace) a liberty of Ceremonious, and circumstantial Decency as to God's Worship; there neither he was to be blamed, nor did he blame other men, if they kept within those discreet and inoffensive bounds, which either the Churches public peace required, or its indulgence to promote Christians permitted. That uniformity he pressed was not more advantageous to Religion, which must of necessity have been propagated, when Controversies had been turned to Devotion, than it was necessary for the State; which cannot be secure as long as there is a mark of distinction, under which all malcontents may shrewd themselves; a note of Separation, whereby the Factions may reckon their parties, and estimate their strength, and a way open to popularity, to the ambition of any whose interest or desperateness shall adventure to make himself head of so great a party. He was a person of so great abilities (which are the designations of nature to dignity and command) that they raised him from low beginnings to the highest office the Protestant profession acknowledgeth in the Church, and he was equal to it: His learning appeared eminent in his book against Fisher, and his piety illustrious in his Diary. He was of so public a spirit, that both the Church and States have lasting Monuments of the virtuous use he made of his Prince's favour. At his admittance into which, he dedicated all the future emoluments of it to the glory of God, and the good of men, by a projection of many noble works, most of which he accomplished, and had finished the rest, had not the fate of the Nation checked the current of his design, and cut off the course of his life. He was not contented by himself only to serve his generation (for so he might appear more greedy of fame, than desirous of the universal benefit) but he endeavoured to render all others as Heroick, if they aimed at a capacity for his friendship; for (I have heard it from his enemies) no great man was admitted to a confidence and respect with him, unless he made address by some act that was for the common good, or for the ornament and glory of the Protestant Faith. Learned men had not a better friend, nor Learning itself a greater advancer; he searched all the libraries of Asia, and from several parts of the world purchased all the ornaments and helps of literature he could, that the English Church might have (if possible) by his care, as many advantages for knowledge, as almost all Europe did contribute to the Grandeus of that Rome. The outward splendour of the Clergy was not more his care, than their honour, by a grave and pious Conversation. He would put them into a power of doing more good, but was sore against their vices and vanities; he scorned a private Treasure, and his friends were rather relieved, than raised to any greatness by him in his election of friends; he was determined to the good and wise, and such as had both parts and desires to profit. The Church had his closest embraces, if otherwise it happened, their fraud, not his choice, deserved the blame. Both Papists and Sectaries were equally his enemies, one party feared, and the other hated his virtues. Some censured his zeal for Discipline above the patience of the Times: but his greatest unhappiness was, that he lived in a Factious Age, and corrupt State, and under such a Prince, whose virtues not admitting an in mediate approach for Accusations, was to be wounded by those it caressed. But when Faction and Malice are worn out by time, Posterity shall engrave him in the Albe of the most excellent Prelacy, the most indulgent Fathers of the Church, and the most injured Martyrs. His blood was accompanied with some tears that fell from those Eyes that expected a pleasure at his Death: and it had been followed with a general Mourning, had not the public Miseries, and the present Fears of Ruin exacted all the stock of grief for other Objects. His very Enemy Sir Edward Deering would confess, that let him die when he would, St. Paul would be his Monument, and his Book against Fisher his Epitaph. THE Life and Death OF Dr. ROGER MANWARING, Lord Bishop of St. David's. THE Daughter of the Duke of Exeter having nothing to do, invented the Rack in the Tower, (therefore called the Duke of Exeters' Daughter to this day) and this Bishop used to say, that he was troubled with people, who if they were not employed about him, were so idle, that they would have been a trouble to themselves. In purchases we value Houses at nothing, because they turn to little Profit, and are kept up with a very great Charge; This Bishop valued his Kindred and Extraction, though as Noble as any in Cheshire, not much, because the bare honour of them contributed little towards the maintenance of them; in which respect he observed Feb. the third the first day he went to School, as strictly as Nou. 9 the first day he came into the world, owing to the first only his Being, to the other his being a Man. He was much for Mother's Nursing their own Children, alleging (from Caligula in Dio Cassius, who was of his Nurse's disposition, and not of his Parents, when he was as mischievous as brutishness armed with power could make him) that as the Nurse was who had the forming of his first Ideas, and the moulding of his first constitution, so the Child proved; and more against Father's keeping their Children at home under their own tuition, because private Education hardly raiseth Youths to that vigour, freedom, and generosity of spirit, that a more public doth; where the Conversation goeth as far as the Instruction, and the example of Schoolfellows, beyond the Precepts of Schools-masters, the one showing what they ought to do, the other what they may. He professed he owed his Elocution and Pronunciation to one of his Fellow-Pupils gallant delivery of the Speeches of Aj●x and Ulysses in Ovid, 13. 〈◊〉 for Poetry; and Cicero's Oration against Anthony for Prose: His Memory to another artificial way of commanding Homer's Iliads by heart; the success of his Study to the common place and method of a third; his invention to the growing fancy of a fourth, that lay before him, as the Ring-streaked Rods did before Jacob's Sheep, or the Aethiopian before the Teeming-woman. Richard Norshall saith, Bale (de Scriptor. Brit. c. 7. n. 6.) left behind a Sett of Sermons for every day he was a Bishop, and R. Manwaring had a set of Exercises for every day, he was a Scholar; doing nothing himself, and hearing nothing from others of remark, but what he writ down, (being as Dr. Harris said of Dr. Preston, a needless Engrosser of other men's Notions) for he said he had a good Memory if he did not trust it; and when he lost a notion, the careless man (he said) made the thief. An habit of exactness in his smaller performances, rendered him exact in those more considerable, he being careful of two things, the settling of his voice, and his mind. The modern Jews have among others a form of Prayer, wherein they bless God as well as for their vents of Ejection, as mouths for their admission of nourishment. Mr. Manwaring, though very studious to acquire Learing, was more curious to express it; knowing that small abilities well set off, outgo greater that want that advantage. The composing of four witty Verses, recommended him to that Eminent School whereof he was Scholar; the pronouncing of an ingenious and vigorous Oration gained him that noble Lord, who thought it an honour (sit to be remembered in an eminent part of the Parsonage-House he gave him) to be his atron. His Critical skill in Greek and rational Head, preferred him Fellow of the College; and his discreet carriage, and observing head, Chaplain to his Lord; in all which capacities his performances were not gaudy, but proper, becoming, and always equal usually, especially in Divinity, managing his Exercises with a pleasing kind of Magisterium Theologicum, to use the old phrase of Matthew Paris. Being so full that it was not with him as it was with some men; the Platonic year of whose discourses being not above three days long, in which term all the same matter returns again. He might be called Good-luck, as his Namesake R. Twiford was, because however unhappy in himself, yet he brought good success to others, as two Worshipful Families can testify whithersoever he went, which made several Places and Persons ambitious at the same time of his presence and service, good employments suing for him as earnestly as others had done for good employments; though Locusts are generally devourers of all food, yet some Locusts, as those of St. john, are wholesome, though course food themselves; most troubles are losses, yet this Gentleman's very losses were gains, in that, as he said, they made him better acquainted with himself, and better known to others. Three things he was much resolved on, the Redemption of Captives, the Converting of Recusants, and the undeceiving of the seduced Sectaries; and three Dyaries he kept, one for the Transactions of his own Life, another for the public Affairs of the Church and Kingdom, and a third for the most remarkable passages of Providence that happened in the world. Many rich persons he effectually exhorted to good Works, much Alms, he industriously Collected; his charitable Collections he carefully preserved, and discreetly disposed of, not only for the relief of want; but as he said, of the Primitive Oblations, to encourage virtue, keeping a Discipline, as he would say, all charitable people should over the Poor, who especially, if beggars, by reason of their wand'ring life are under none. (as mo●● is no predicament but may be reduced to any) He profited much by his Books, more by his Company, which at the same time improved his parts and credited them; good acquaintance at once instruct, and by their various Interests, set off one another. Two of whom died the very same day, and near as could be guessed (certainly their Stars were as intimate as they, and there was the like correspondence in their Genitures, that was in their Affections) the same hour. The first Canon of our Church enjoining every Minister to Preach four times a year at least, for the asserting of the King's Authority and Supremacy. Dr. Manwaring observing the diminution of both Sermons, the one at Court, before a Royal Auditory; the other at his own Parish at St. Giles in the Fields, before a noble one. In both which places he was looked upon as an Eminent Preacher, as became the King's subject and Chaplain, maintained at that time when the King's necessity put him upon the Loan, and his Authority commanded it much against the grain of the people, as they were at that time humoured. That the Kings Royal Command in Imposing of Loans and Taxes, though without common consent in Parliament, doth oblige the subjects Conscience upon pain of Eternal damnation; and that the Authority of Parliament is not necessary, for the raising of Aids and Subsidies. A Position for which he was Charged 1627. by Mr. Rous in Parliament, aggravated by Mr. Pym into five Branches. 1. His endeavour to infuse into His Majesty's Conscience a persuasion of a Power not limited with Laws, which he said King james in a Parliament Speech 1619. called Tyranny, accompanied with Perjury. 2. His endeavour to persuade the Consciences of the subjects, that they are bound to obey Illegal Commands; yea, he damns them for not obeying them. 3. He robs the subject of the property of their Goods. 4. He brands them that will not lose this property, with most scandalous and odious Titles, to make them hateful both to Prince and People. 5. He indeavoureth to blow up Parliaments, and Parlimentary Power; which five were drawn up into one great one (to use Mr. Pyms words, Serpens qui serpentem devorat, fit Draco,) viz. A mischievous Plot to alter and subvert the Frame and Government of the State and Commonwealth; and june the thirteen 1628. censured thus. 1. To be imprisoned during the pleasure of the House. 2. To be fined a thousand pounds. 3. To make his submission at the Bar in this House, (the House of Lords) and the House of Commons at the Bar there, in verbis conceptis, by a Committee of this House. 4. To be suspended from his Ministerial Function three years, and in the mean time a sufficient Preaching man to be provided out of the Profits of his Living, and this to be left to be performed by the Ecclesiastical Court. 5. To be disabled for ever after from Preaching at Court. 6. To be for ever disabled of having any Ecclesiastical Dignity in the Church of England. 7. To be uncapable of any secular Office or Preferment. 8. That his books are worthy to be burned, and his Majesty to be moved, that it may be so in London, and both the Universities. According to the third Branch of this Censure, he was brought to the Bar june twenty three, and enjoined this Submission on his knees. I do here in all sorrow of heart, and true repentance acknowledge those many errors, and indiscretions which I have committed in preaching and publishing the two Sermons of mine, which I called Religion and Allegiance, and my great● fault in falling upon this Theme again, and handling the same rashly, scandalously, and unadvised in my own Parish-Church in St. Giles in the Fields the fourth of May last past. I humbly acknowledge these three Sermons to have been full of dangerous Passages, Inferences, and scandalous Aspersions in most part of the same. And I do humbly acknowledge the just proceedings of this honourable House against me, and the just Sentence and Judgement passed upon me for my great offence. And I do from the bottom of my heart crave pardon of God, the King, this Honourable House, and the Common-weal in general, and those worthy Persons adjudged to be reflected upon by me in particular, for those great offences and errors. And according to the first he was imprisoned in the Tower, until that Parliament was dissolved, and then in recompense of his Sufferings and Services, he was preferred. 1. To the Rich Parsonage of St●mon-Rivers in Essex, then void by Bishop Montague his Fellow-sufferers Preferment july 16. with a Dispensation to hold it with the Vicarage of St. Giles. 2. To the Deanery of Worcester, May. 1633. And 3. To the Bishopric of St. David's, Dec. 1635. with a pardon drawn jan. 1628. according to His Majesty's Pardon of Grace to his Subjects at his Coronation, with some particulars for the pardoning of all errors committed either in speaking, writing, or printing, whereby he might be hereafter questioned. How afterwards he was apprehended 1640. suddenly, confined severely, fined heavily, plundered violently, and persecuted from place to place continually; that for the two last years of his Life, not a week passed over his head without either a Message or an Injury, he desired God not to remember against his Adversaries, and adjured all his Friends to forget. Only the faults alleged against him must not be forgot; for (besides the aforesaid Sermons first warranted by a Bishop for the Press, as containing only the same points delivered with offence from the Pulpit, which Sergeant Heal delivered with applause in a a 43 Eliz. Parliament (who said That he marvelled the House stood so much either at the granting of a Subsidy, or time of payment, when all we have is her Majesties, and she may lawfully at her pleasure take it from us; and that she had as much right to all our Lands and Goods, as to any Revenue of the Crown, and that he had Precedents to b See the Freeholders' Grand Inquest. prove it, and to be suffered for once: and the old demurrer is, Deus non punit in id idem) he was charged, I. with Popish Innovations, by which you are to understand his care to reduce the Cathedrals he belonged to, to order and decency: As for instance, it is reckoned as his fault that he gave the Archbishop of Canterbury, Sept. 24. 1635. this account concerning his Services in the Church of Worcester. 1. An Altar-stone of Marble erected, and set upon four Co●umes. 2. The Wall behind the Altar covered with Azure, Coloured stuff with a White silk lace down each seam. 3. The Altar itself adorned with a Pall, an upper and lower front. 4. A perfect Inventory taken of all Ornaments, Vestments, and Implements of the Church, as well sacra as focalia; divers Vestments, and other Ornaments of the Church, as Copes, Carpets, Fronts, etc. being turned into Player's Caps, Coats, and employed to that use by the direction of Mr. Nathaniel Thomkins burnt, and the Silver extracted, put into the treasury of the Church. 5. The King's Scholars being forty, usually coming tumultuously into the Chore, ordered to come in Bimatim; and to do reverence towards the Altar. II. He was accused for conversing with Papists, whereof many in his Parish loved his Company, which was no more than his prudent civility to gain them by his worth and addresses to him, who were reported to have gained him to them, when all that knew him understood well, that like the Lapwing he fluttered furthest from his nest, having at once the closest, and therefore the smoothest way of conveying his Design and Project. III. He was looked upon as sociable and jovial, whereby you must understand a good nature, ready to communicate its self in instruction to the ignorant, in free discourses to the wise, in civil mirth, and a becoming cheerfulness among his friends, usually saying at his Table, that there were three things requisite to one good Meal, to pray heartily, to eat heartily, and in a sober way to laugh heartily. In an orderly Hospitality among his rich Neighbours, and Charity among his poor ones, especially the modest, whose craving he expected not, but prevented (some grounds will rather burn than chap) though otherwise he was as severe in reducing disorderly Beggars, as he was pitiful in relieving impotent and unfortunate Expectants; usually saying, That King Edward the sixth was as Charitable in granting Bridewell for the punishment of Sturdy Rogues, as in bestowing St. Thomas Hospital for the relief of the poor and helpless: Liking the Picture of Charity, drawn with Honey in the one hand to feed Bees, and a Whip in the other to drive away Drones. In a frakness and freedom among his Tenants, whose thriving he consulted as much as his own, esteeming three particulars the honour of a Church, 1. Punctual Discipline. 2. An Exemplary Clergy. And 3. Improving Tenants. King William Rufus (not so tender in other sacred points, as he was conscientious in this) had two Monks come to him to buy an Abbot's place, who outvied each other in the sums they offered, while a third Monk stands by and saith nothing; to whom the King said, what wilt thou give for the place? Not a Penny answered he, for it is against my Conscience: Then, quoth the King, thou of the three best deservest the Place, and thou shalt have it. Three Tenants at one time standing in competition about a considerable Lordship to be Let by the Doctor, one offering a great Fine, and a small Rent; the second proposing a small Fine, and a great Rent; and the third no Fine, and a good reasonable Rent, with the improvement of the Vicarage and the Church. Nay, said the Doctor, this is my Tenant, that comes not to ensnare me with great overtures for myself, but to treat with me upon fair proposals for the Church; expecting nothing from him but his prayers to God for the Church, a respectful carriage towards Churchmen, his punctal dealing with the Cathedral; his good usage to the subordinate Tenants, and good House-keeping; that as he had got his Lease easily, he would keep house on the Church-patrimony exemplarily: what he said of Simoniecal Parsons, is true of overcharged Tenants, They can scarce afford to feed their sheep fat, who rend their Pasture too dear. These were his faults, which were other men's virtue, the slander of good and evil, varying with the humours of men, and the temper of times, which turned about him, as the Spheres about the Centre, or as the alterations of his Body about his Soul, himself all the while immovable; reckoning that answer of the King (when he was moved to interpose in his behalf with the Parliament) so much honour to him, that he wished it Inscribed on his Tomb. He that will Preach other than he can prove, let him suffer; I give them no thanks to give me my due. I cannot but take notice of what was strange, when he spoke, and found a great truth by them that lived to see it, viz. ☞ That whosoever lived to see an happy end of that War, which they saw so unhappily begun, should observe that no man of what persuasion soever, but would be heartily sorry for it, and heartily repent of it; for they should find so many interests coming in to disappoint them in the end they aimed at in the war, that they would wish they had never commenced it. One Burgoes Pupilla Oculi was a Book he much a A● to Dr. Rainbow Bishop of Carlisle. recommended to young men; to propose to themselves a pattern (and Bishop Felton was his pattern) was his advice to young Preachers; to aim at some particular thing in the reading of any Book, was his rule to young Students; to be always doing something was his counsel to his young Hearers; to Analyse Authors was his direction to young University Men; to Pen Sermons and Pray them, was his lesson to his young Curates, on whom he called often for an account of their Studies, dismissing them with this Caution of the Pythagoreans, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Reverence thyself, Do nothing unworthy your Calling. You cannot be too humble as Men, neither can you be too grave and reserved as Ministers; Tanti eritis aliis, quanti vobis met ipsis. But he had his virtues too much to be exactly charactered, being of the Captain's mind, who when another had made a large Recital of his own Atchivements; asked him, and what have you done? Answered, Others can tell you that, not enduring to give any account of himself, any more than the Conqueror at the Olympic Games endured the Laurel due to him, until another put it on his Head; which we shall hear do in these words, Hic jacet Firtus repulsae nescia sordidae Intaminatis quae fulsit honoribus Nec sumit out ponit secures Arbitrio Popularis aurae. Duris ut Ilex tonsus Bipennibus Per damna, per Caedes ab ipsis Duxit opes animumque Injuriis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Anno Christi 164 ... Episcopatus 9 Aetatis 63. THE Life and Death OF Dr. ROBERT SIBTHORP. IT were pity to sever them in their Character, that were so like in their Carriage, both making themselves known to the world by the Shibboleth of the Authority of the Church, and the Prerogative of the King; the first was a rational man, and dived to the bottom of his subject; the other a smooth man, that got in the bottom of his Hearers hearts; whose discourse went off plausibly in the air of his good delivery, though they passed not so well in the steady and fixed way of the Press. The Preaching of the Sermon called Apostolic Obedience, got him much repute a He 〈◊〉 ●be● it at Northampton Assizes, 16●●. at Court, and as much envy (for this passage in it, viz. That the Prince hath power to direct his Counsel, and make Laws and Subjects, if they cannot exhibit active obedience, in case the thing commanded should be against the Law of God, or of nature, or were impossible, yet nevertheless they ought to yield a passive obedience, and in all other cases they are bound to active obedience, the time the loan was pressed by the King, and so much disgusted by the people in the Country. It was liked so well by those that heard it, that they would have it Printed, and so ill by Archbishop Abbot, when he read it, that he would not Licence it. But it seems that Sermon that was not approved of by the Archbishop, was not so much as questioned by the Parliament, which found so much the more fault in the man, as they found the less fault in the Sermon, which vexed them grievously, since they could not but be angry at it, and could not punish it, it being smart against their late courses, yet cautious within their standing Laws. But being an active man (and if he had any fault, it was too much heat) he doth not only assert the doctrine of the King's Prerogative and the Subjects, but he suppresseth the impugners of it, complaining with Dr. Lamb, even of the Bishop of Lincoln, against the Loan to the Council-board, and pursuing that complaint in Star-chamber. But the best jest is, that those very people that found fault with this Sermon, made it a Branch of their Articles against Archbishop Laud, that he blotted several passages (about Sabbath-breaking, Evil Counsellors, Popery, which they say the Doctor had cunningly interwoven into his discourse, to sweeeen the harsh point of the Prerogative) out of that Sermon; when indeed that Sermon came out with so much care on all sides, that the King commanded four Bishops to view and judge it, and every passage in it. All the preferment that he had was his Vicarage of Brackley, and a poor prebend's of Peterburgh, though so deserving of the Church in that Diocese, that Dr. john Towers, Bishop of Peterburgh, in a Letter to my Lord of Canterbury, wished him as heartily in the Deanery, as he did himself in the Palace. It may be some that were in the Historians Character, sola socordia innocentes, that had phlegm enough to make them as they phrase it, discreet and moderate, judged him one of those unhappy men, that had a certain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, heat or activity of spirit, that is, say they, wonderful apt without a due corrective of wisdom, and knowledge to break forth into intemperate carriage, and disturb the peace, and censured him as Tacitus doth some stirring Commonwealthsmen, Quod per abrupta inclarescerent sed in nullum Reipusum, talking, that zeal like Quicksilver must be allayed with wisdom, and calling honest men in Livies phrase, Spiritus magni magis quam utiles. But let us hear in this case a most learned, and a most ingenious person. It's not for superiors to frown upon, and browbeat those who are hearty, and exact in the management of their Ministry; and with a grave and insignificant Nod, to call a well-regulated and resolved zeal, want of prudence and moderation; such discouraging of men in the way of an active conformity to the Church, is to crack the sinews of Government; for it weakens the hands, and damps the spirit of the obedient. And if only scorn and rebuke shall attend men for asserting the Church's dignity, many will choose rather to neglect their duty in the Church's service, only to be rewarded with that, that shall break their hearts too. That very little he had got in the time of peace, he lost in the time of war; their practices and designs had been a long time the subject of his smart reproofs, and his estate now become a prey to their revenge. To see the good man escape them in his Clarks habit, that had been certainly murdered in his own; when it was safe to be any thing but a Minister: and withal, to hear the cheerful man smile out his old Motto, I have as much as I desire, if I have as much as I want; and I have as much as the most, if I have as much as I desire. 'Twas a spectacle that had melted any spirit, but that in which the custom of cruelty had taken away the conscience of it; whom yet he was very tender of, according to his usual Maxim, Nature may induce me to show so much care of myself, as to look to my adversaries; reason shall persuade me to show so much wit, as to beware of those that deceived me once; but Religion hath taught me so much love, as to be injurious to none. For estate. Abundance, he thought a trouble; want, a misery; honour, a burden; business, a scorn; advancement, dangerous; disgrace, odious; but competency, a happiness. I will not climb lest I fall, nor lie on the ground lest I am trod on. He for carriage: He did so much for● think what he would promise, that he might promise only what he would do; that he would often do a kindness and not promise it, and never promise a kindness, and not to do it. In Religion: His heart spoke more devoutly than his tongue, when as too many people's tongues speak more piously than their hearts. The good man hath oftentimes God in his heart, when in his mouth there is no good mentioned; The Hypocrite hath God often in his mouth, when the fool hath said in his heart there is no God: The tongue speaks loudest to men, the heart truest to God. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its pity to part intimate Friends, the one dying under the sense, the other under the fear of this Nation's Calamity. THE Life and Death OF Dr. JOHN BARKHAM. JOhn Barkham, that said he had lived under a good Government, and was afraid to live any longer, lest he should see none at all, was born in the City of Exeter, bred in Corpus Christi College in Oxford, whereof he was Fellow, Chaplain afterwards to Archbishop Bancroft, and Parson of Bocking in Essex. Much his Modesty, and no less his Learning; who, (though never the public Parent of any) was the careful Nurse of many Books, who otherwise had expired in their Infancy, had not his care preserved them. He set forth Dr. Crackenthorp his Posthume Book against Spalleto, and was helpful to john Speed, in the composing of his English History ●ea, he wrote the whole Life of the Reign of King john (which 〈◊〉 ●he King of all the Reigns in that Book, for profound Penning) discoverable from the rest of the different style, and much Scripture cited therein. Mr. Guillim in his Heraldry was much beholden to this Doctor's Emendations.; He was a greater lover of Coin than of Money, rather curious in the Stamps, than covetous for the Metal thereof. That excellent Collection in Oxford Library, was his gift to the Archbishop, before the Archbishop gave it to the University, richer in M. SS. than Printed Books, and richer in the skill he had by the phrase and Character to fill up the defects, and guests at the meaning of a Motheaten Record, than in the possession of the Paper; when the Factious were admitted to look upon his Rarities, they did him the kindness to suspect him of his Religion, thinking that the rust of his old Inscriptions cankered his Soul with as old Superstition. When it is in the study of Antiquity, as it is in that of Philosophy, a little skill in either of them inclines men to Atheism or Heresy, but a depth of either study brings them about to their Religion. When both extremes, as he called them, to the virtue of the Church of England, the Partisans of Rome and Geneva, the men of the old Doctrine, and the new Discipline met with any little remnant of Antiquity that made for them, they ran to him with it, and he would please himself infinitely with a story which hath been since his death Printed; the story was this. A Nobleman who had heard of the extreme age of one dwelling not far off, made a journey to visit him, and finding an aged person in the the Chimney corner, addressed himself to him with admiration of his age, till his mistake was rectified so (Oh Sir, said the young old man, I am not he whom you seek for, but his Son, my Father is further off in the Field. They mistaking middle Antiquity for Primitive History, wherein he was so versed, that he had not the Father's books only, but their hearts; not their History only, but their Piety: So strict in his life, that he went among Fathers himself, being observed as much a rule to others, as they were to him. Skilled he was in many Tongues, and yet a man of a single heart. When God made him rich, he made not himself by covetousness poor; and if God had made him poor, he could have made himself by contentment rich. Bishop Usher and he had one useful quality above many others, that they understood men better than they did themselves, and so employed men that could not tell what to do with themselves upon what was most suitable to them, and most profitable to the public, having Dr. james his motion much upon their spirits, that all the Manuscripts of England should be collected and compared: A design that would have proved very beneficial to the Protestant, (considering how many M. SS. England hath still, notwithstanding her loss at the dissolution of Monasteries) if prosecuted with as great endeavour as it was proposed with good intention. You would think you were at St. Augustine, and St. Cyprians House, when you saw the poor at the Doctor's doors, the Neighbours welcome at his Table; young Scholars in his Study; Bibles and other godly books in each room of his house; the Servants and all the Household so used to Psalms and Chapters, that they spoke familiarly the holy Language; the hours of Devotion and Instruction constantly observed, the people being at all the returns of duty in God's service to forget their own business, though in their own business they never forgot God's service. When you saw a man making the errors of men the subject of his grief, not of his discourse; so prudently reproving sin, as to spare the person, and yet so discreetly tender towards the person, as not to countenance sin. A man that would not give his heart the lie with his tongue, by not intending what he spoke, or his tongue the lie with his actions, by not performing what he promised; that had rather friendly insinuate men's errors to themselves, than detractingly blaze them to others: a man that would not put off his Devotion for want of leisure, nor his Charity for want of Ability; that thought it better to deny a request, for that was only discourtesy than not to perform a promise, for that is injury; that would not rebuke, as the Philosopher would beat his servant in anger; angry reproofs being like scalding potions, that work being to be done with compassion rather than passion. Many excellent books were dedicated to him, its pity but there should be an entire book made of him. Vivere Deo incepit eodem quo credebat Deum vixisse hominibus nempe Mortii 25. 1641. Ne dignissimum virum qui nil serv●ra dignum perire passus est vel fuisse seri nepotes nesciant; hoc Monumentum aeter ●itati sacrum esse voluit. W. D. E. A. Qui cordicitus amavit Pristinae sidei virum & decoctum generosum pectus honesto. Annex we to both their Lives, THE Life and Death OF JOHN DAVENANT, Lord Bishop of Salisbury, THeir good Friend, who told Dr. Ward when he saw what his and other men's indulgence to dissenting persons was like to come to, that he was ashamed to live, when he should have nothing left him, but to live; and when such immoderate courses were taken by them against Government, for whom he and others had so often interceded for moderation from the Government, to see the most irreligious things done, under the pretence of Religion: to see that he that had with so much success moderated Controversies in the Schools, offered expedients in Convocations, decided the Debates of Synods, (his prudent directions, interpositions, seasonable and obliging Authority contributing much to the peaceable end of that Convention) governed Universities, persuaded Kings, nay, and by reason of his agreement with the Faction in some Doctrines, done them many favours in Discipline, could not (among the leading men of the party that he had so much obliged) by their Oaths and their Allegiance, by the honour of Religion, and the dangers of it, by love to Brethren, or respect to the designs of enemies, by the spirit of Peace, and the God of love, by their bowels towards their Country, or their Fosterity, the Children yet unborn, by the prayers and tears of their ancient Friend and a Reverend Bishop, gain so much as Christian accommodation and mutual forbearance, but (after a most excellent Tract of the Peace of the Christian world a Dissertation pale ad Do 〈…〉 to the Cycloidian: 〈◊〉 lictiones de 〈…〉 Hoard about Freewill. wherein he taught how that the few necessary things wherein men agreed should be of more power to unite them, than the indifferent things wherein they dissented, should have power to divide them. That the Christian world might have unity in the few Fundamentals that are necessary; liberty in the things that were indifferent, and so Charity in all things) despairing of persuading men to peace by Arguments, who were set on War and Tumults by their Lusts, which were to be subdued rather than convinced. He died of an old Consumption, improved with new grief for the misery of those times which he foresaw sad, and saw dangerous, April 1641. being (though his Father was a Citizen, living b W●ere ●is Ancestors had continued in a Worshipful de gr●e from Sir John Dave 〈◊〉, who lived in the time 〈…〉 in Watling-street London) extracted of an ancient Family of Davenants-Land in Essex; he was remarkably born in the seventh Month after Conception (and such Births, if well looked too, prove c 〈◊〉 tribus 〈…〉 Ovid de ●●illibus. l. 4 E●●g 10 vigorous) and as remarkably preserved in the first half seven years from his Birth, falling down an high pair of stairs and rising at the bottom with so little harm that he smiled. (They say when Chrysoms smile, it is because of some intercourse between them and the little ones Guardian Angels: when this Infant smiled it was certainly at the preservation of him by such an Angel) and beyond all these preferred, when (his Father in his life-time not allowing him to be Fellow, no more than he would his rich Relations, to one of whom he said when he had given his voice against him: Cousin, I will satisfy your Father, that you have worth, but not want enough to be one of our Society,) he was against his will made Fellow of Queens, the Provost alleging to him that Preferment was not always a relief for want, but sometimes an encouragement for worth; and against seven Competitors made Margaret Professor (Dr. Whitacre having, when present at some of his youthful exercises, the earnest of his future maturity, pronounced that he would in time prove the honour of the University) when but a private Fellow of a College, and before three others chosen Master of Queens, when not forty years of age; and Bishop of Salisbury upon the death of Dr. Toulson his Brother-in-law, that he might provide for his Sister and her numerous family, when he had not a Friend at Court but the King. The rest of his Life take in this Epitaph: Hic jac●t omne g●nae eruditionis modesta Epitome. Cui judicium quod asservit Maxim discretiorum, quicquid uspiam est literarum Hebraicarum, Ethnicarum, aut Christianarum omnes linguas, arts, & historias quicquod praedicarunt patres, disputarunt Scholastici decreverunt consilia in sobriam pacificam, & practicam concox it Theologiam. Quae in concionibus dominat a est, Scholis Imperavit, & Synodis a Boyer 〈◊〉 conf●ss●● tha● Doctor Davenants experience and skill 〈◊〉 Laws and Histo its gaze them, 〈◊〉 for the better ●de●●●●, of than De●ates and Votes, and i● was he that told A. B. L. when he would have Excommuni● ca●d Bishop Goodman upon a third admonition, pronounced by him three quarters of an hour in these words, My Lord of Gloucester, 1 admonish you to subscribe, etc. that he doubted that procedure was not agreeable to the Laws of the Church in general, or this Land in particular, whereupon his Lordship thanked him, and desisted. leges dedit Prudens pariter ac simplex, ille ille (cui b When going out from a Bishop's house, where he met with loose company, and the Bishop pro●●ered to light him down slairs, My Lord, my Lord, said he, Let us light others by ou● unblameable conversation, though otherwise more sensible of his own infirmities than others, being humble, and therefore charitable; when a Child and soothed by the Servants, that John did not so, or so, etc. he would say it was John only did so. severior vita quam opinio; ut pote strictius vitam agens, quam sententiam, (Doctrina magna lux ecclesiae, c Submitting humbly to His Majesty about the Sermon against the King's Declaration for silencing all Disputes, about the five Articles 1636. Saying, that he might be undiscreet, but he would not be disobedient. exemplo major) Cujus libri omnes una hac notabantur Inscriptione Praefuit qui Profuit, qui d Therefore once he would not ride on Sunday 〈◊〉 to Court, though sent for. Regem venerabatur, sed & timebat Deum) non tam suo, quam publico morbo succubuit Aprilis 3. 1641. extremam in haec verba agens animam. Tantum religio potuit suadere malorum. THE Life and Death OF THOMAS HOWARD, Earl of Arundel. THomas Howard a An Earldom that belong●● to the Lord of Arundel 〈◊〉. Earl of Arundel and Surrey, the first Earl, and Earl Marshal of England, and Knight of the Garter, (Son to Philip Earl of Arundel, Grandson to b His incestor John Howard created Duke of Norfolk by Rich. III. July 4. 1483. 1 Rich, III. Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Gandfather to Thomas now Duke of Norfolk, to whom the honour of that Dukedom was restored 1661. by his Majesty King Charles the Second, which was lost for his Ancestors great kindness to his Great Grandmother, Marry Queen of Scots; whose life Thomas the foresaid Duke of Norfolk, endeavoured to save with the loss of his own, and Courting her love, lost his Mistress Queen Elizabeth, who spilt that blood then called amorous, rather than traitorous, that he intended to make Royal, and to prevent a Marriage between him and the Queen of Scots, divorced his Head from his Body, making him contented to lie in his Ancestors cold Grave, for aspiring to a Queen's warm Bed.) was born at London, july 7. 1572. bread (when his Father was under a Cloud) at Westminster near London, and Trinity College in Cambridge, when he had so much moderation as to appear constantly at our Prayers and Sermons, and so much insight into the Protestant Principles, as to judge that the distance between the Catholic and Reformed Churches grew not from their Controversies, but their Interests; not from the Opinions themselves, which might be compounded, but from the passions of those that managed them, which could not be reconciled. Neither was he satisfied only to read what men thought, but he traveled to see what they did either in Courts, as at France and Rome; or in Camps, as in the Low Countries; or in Universities, as in St. Omers, etc. from whence he returned a very accomplished Gentleman, fit 1. For a King's Privy Council, to which honour King james admitted him, 1607. 2. For a Companion of the most honourable Order in the world; such he was created by King james, with Prince Charles, and the Earl of Somerset, 1611. that King saying, He was a very fit man for the first of those Honours, because he could not flatter; and for the second, because he could not but obey. 3. For the Judge of the Court of Honour, being a great Master of it. 4. For an Ambassador to the Emperor, about the Restauration of the Palatinate, as he was by King Charles the first 1636. where having proposed reason to the Emperor, and disposed most of the Princes to hearken to that reason so far, that the Lower Palatinate was granted; when Bavaria, who got the upper Palatinate into his possession, answered at last like a Soldier, what he had concealed all the time of the fruitless Treaty, That what he had with so much hazard of his Person, and expense of Treasure won by the Sword, in defence of the Empire, against the Empire, he would now maintain with the same Power in the possession. The stout Earl, to express his disdain of the insignificant answer, returned home (notwithstanding the interpositions of the Polish and Spanish Ambassadors sent after him to moderate his anger, and promise better effects, after some week's patience) without so much as taking his leave, procuring the like flur for the Imperial Agent that came over hither to excuse their past carriage, and to offer new conditions, upon strong presumption of Marriage, which he had driven very far, between the Electors Sister Elizabeth, and the King of Poland. 5. For a Judge in several extraordinary Courts of Justice, an employment befitting the dignity of his Person, and the firmness, impartiality, and resolution of his Spirit. 6. For General of the gallant Army that went against Scotland, a place suitable to his skill, experience, and conduct. 7. For a Commissioner to examine the Spanish Navy under D'Oquendo 1639. and the design of it upon our Coast, which he did discreetly and narrowly, discovering more than we could suspect. And 8. For a Companion to the Queen Mother of France, when she departed from England, in which capacity he was to his dying day very serviceable to her, and to his Majesty, contributing towards his service abroad, for Arms, Ammunition, Intelligence, and a good Correspondence, near upon 20000 l. and towards his relief at home above 14000 l. Insomuch, that the honourable Henry Howard hath paid for debts since his death near upon an 100000 l. He subscribed with the rest of the Nobility 12000 l. and sent more over privately 8000. several ways; which had cost him his whole estate, or at least a very severe Composition, had he not discreetly settled it in Sir Richard Onslow, and other trusties, who had done as signal Services for that which they called a Parliament, as he had done for his Majesty. A Noble man this, made up rather of that honesty, that desires rather to be, than to seem good, than of that hypocrisy, that desires rather to be, than to seem good; one that made his business more to deserve opinion than have it; as more concerned what thoughts he himself, than what others had of him. He understood the Religion he professed, and professed the Religion he understood; he never thought himself so good as he should be, unless he strove to be better than he was; equal in all conditions, under the worst, patient, because he deserved it; and despaired not as long as he could pray; under the best sober and thankful, because he feared it, and presumed not as long as he might offend. Supporting himself and friends with this consideration, that if things are not so good as he would they should have been, yet they were not so bad as he knew they might have been: what if I am not so happy as I desire? its well I am not so wretched as I deserve. They say Favourites are Court-dyals', whereon all look when Majesty shines on them, and none when it is night with them. Our Nobleman was most conspicious in his Eclipses, and like the Images of Brutus and Cassius, Quod abesset co magius persulgebat. Though always in favour, because entertained for use, not affection; not only relying so much on his Master's favour, as his Master did on his abilities: Goodness consecrated his greatness, and his greatness honoured his goodness; he managed his estate so as to support his honour, and employed his honour so as both to support and credit his estate; good husbandry may stand with great honour, as well as breadth with height; he saved his estate by ways thrifty and noble, with no loss to his honour, travelling to gain experience abroad, and save expenses at home. He might with Francis Russel, second Earl of Bedford of that Surname (as Queen elizabeth merrily complained of him) make many Beggars by his Liberality, he made none by his Oppression or Injustice, being as punctual as his Ancestor Thomas Duke of Norfolk, who when he was carried to be buried in the Abbey of Thetford, Anno 1524. had made so even with the world, that no person could demand a groat of him for debt or restitution of any injury done by him. As he was a complete Gentleman himself, so he took a particular care his Posterity should not be defective, often with pleasure telling the Ran-counter between a Nobleman of Henry the eighths' time, and Mr. Place one of his Secretaries; The Nobleman expressing himself in contempt of Learning, that it was enough for Nobleman's Sons to Wind their Horn, and carry their Hawk fair, and to leave Study and Learning to the Children of mean Men. Mr. Place replied, That then you and other Noblemen, must be content that your Children may Wind their Horns, and keep their Hawks, while the Children of mean M●n do manage ma●ter of State. But we will make bold with the rest of his Character, as we find it in a Book, called Observations upon the Statesmen and Favourites of England, p. 725. only correcting the misnomer there of Philip, in stead of Thomas Earl of Arundel; and adding that he married Alethei● (his Wife, Daughter to the Earl of Shrewsbury, so Christened by Queen Elizabeth, because of the faithfulness of that house to the Crown) so he espoused truth and faithfulness so cordially, that when he heard some would have begged his Offices in his absence, he said, He was glad they made such easy demands, which his Majesty might easily grant, since he held not him by his preferments, but by his heart. Had his faith been as Orthodox, as his faithfulness was Eminent, King james his Gratitude, and his Uncle Northamptons' Policy, had raised him as high as his had been, and his Posterity now is: But since his Opinion was supposed to have made him a Separatist from the Church, and his Temper a Recluse from the Court, we have him in a place of Honour only, as Earl Martial, while we find his Brother in a place of profit, as Lord Treasurer, though both in a place of Trust as Privy-Councellors where this Earl approved himself a confutation of his Uncle, the Earl of Northamptons' Maxim; a See the 〈…〉 upon the Lord S●encer. That a thorough-paced Papist cannot be a truehearted Subject: Being as good an Englishman in his heart, as he was a Catholic in his conscience; only the greatness of his spirit would not suffer any affronts in Parliament, whence he endured some discountenance from the Court; insomuch that the House of Lords, finding him a Prisoner, when they sat, 1626. would not Act till, after several of their Petitions, he was Released; afterwards, his temper yielding with years, he was very complying, only he presumed to marry his Son, the Lord Matr●vers, to Elizabeth, Daughter of Esme Stuart, Duke of Lenox a person so nearly related to his Majesty, that he thought it proper fo● him only to dispose of her; a fault he laid upon the Mothers of each side who made the Match.;; Indeed the Politic Observator saith, That women of all creatures are the most dexterous in contriving their designs, their natural sprightfulness of imagination, attended with their leisure, furnishing them with a thousand expedients, and proposing all kind of overtures, with such probability of happy success, that they easily design, and as eagerly pursue their design. When he was sometimes barred the Service of his own times, he gave himself to the Contemplation of those before him; being a fond Patron of Antiquaries and Antiquity. Of whose old pieces he was the greatest hoarder in Europe, setting aside Ferdinando de Medicis, Grand Duke of Tuscany, from whom, by the mediation of Sir Henry Wotton, he borrowed many an Antic Sculpture, which furnished his Library so well (as we may guests by Seldens' Marmora Arundeliana) that as my Lord Burlieghs Library was the most complete one, for a Politician; my Lord Bacons, for a Philosopher; Mr. Seldens, for an Historian; Bishop Ushers, for a Divine; my Lord of Northampton, and my Lord of Dorset, for a Poet; Mr. Oughtreds, for a Mathematician; Dr. Hammonds, for a Grammarian, or an universal Critic; so the Earl of Arundels was the best for an Herald or an Antiquary; a b N●bl● communicated to ●ll ingenious persons, by the Honourable II. Howard of Norfolk, greater in his own worth than in any 〈◊〉. Library not for state, but use. Neither was he more in his Study, where he bestowed his melancholy hours, than in Council, where he advised three things with reference to the Foreign troubles. 1. Correspondence abroad. 2. Frequent Parliaments. 3. Oftener Progresses into the Countries. And he was not less in the Field than in Council, when General against the Scots (the more shame!) that Protestants should at that time rebel against the King, when supposed Papists ventured their lives for him. After which Expedition, he was ordered beyond Sea with the Queen Mother of France, 1639. when they say he looked back on England, with this wish, May it never have need of me. It is true some observe, that the Scots who cried upon him as a Papist, yet writ under hand to him, their Noble Lord; as they did to Essex, and my Lord of Holland, so effectually, that they had no mind to the war afterwards: And it was as true, that he declared first (all the other Lords concurring with him) against the false and scandalous Paper, that the Scots published, as the Articles of Pacification. And upon this occasion, a Schedule was a second time given of the parties that combined against the Government, viz. 1. The busy Medlars, that had got the plausible trick of Haranguing, since King james his time, not used in Parliament from Henry the Sixth time, to his. 2. The covetous Landlords, Inclosers, and Justices of the Peace, that ruled in the Country, and would do so in Parliament. 3. Needy men in debt, that durst not show their Heads in time of Peace. 4. Puritans, that were so troublesome against Hutton, etc. in Queen Elizabeth's days; and under pretence of Religion, overthrew all Government. 5. Such malcontents, as either lost the preferment they had, or had not what they were ambitions of, with their kindreds and dependants. 6. Lawyers, that second any attempt upon the Prerogative, with their Cases, Records, and Antiquities. 7. London Merchants, that had been discovered by Cra●field and Ingram, as to their Cheats put upon the King in his Customs and Plantations. 8. Commonwealthsmen, that had learned from Holland in Queen Elizabeth's days, to pray for the Queen and the State. And 9 Such Recusants as were Hispaniolized, whereof this Earl was none; but though as a Church Catholic, he had most of the Catholic Peers Votes devolved upon him; he never bestowed them undutifully, albeit sometimes stoutly and resolutely. A great friend he was to all new Inventions, save those that ●ended to do that by few hands, which had been usually done by many; because, said he, while private men busy their heads to take off the poors employment, the public Magistrate must busy his to find them maintenance. Either he, or the Earl of Northampton used to say (when asked, what made a complete man) To know how to Cast Accounts; an accomplishment though ordinary, yet might save many an estate in England. Sanders writes, that Queen Katherine Dowager never kneeled on a Cushion, and my Lord never allowed himself the temptation, he called it, of softness, well knowing that the ablest Virtue, like the City of Rome, was seldom besieged, but it was taken too; seldom assaulted, but foiled: Virtues being like the Tree in Mexican●, Dr. H●ylin writes of, that if you but touch any of its branches, it withers presently. We read of a German Prince, admonished by Revelation (as Surius and Baronius relate the story, Anno 1007.) to search for a Writing in an old Wall, which should nearly concern him, wherein he found only these two words, Post sex; whence he prepared for death within six days; which when past, he successively persevered in godly resolutions six weeks, six months, six years, and on the first day of the seventh year the Prophecy was fulfilled, though otherwise than he Interpreted it; for thereupon he was chosen Emperor of Germany, having before gotten such a habit of piety, that he persisted in his religious course for ever after, being summoned by a fit of Sickness to prepare for death some years before he died; he did so inure himself to devotion, That all th● days of his appointed time he waited until his change should come, expecting at all times that which might come at any time, and must come at one time; than which nothing more certain, nothing more uncertain. He died at Venice, 1646. Marmora Arundeliana Quae nec annorum series, nec fl●mma vorax toti minitans rogum orbi; Ne● popularium rabbiss abolere queant. Virtutes nempe aere perenniores. In Piam memoriam Thomae Comitis Arundeliae, & Surriae: ex saecunda nobilitatis stirpe, (maxima nempe Howardorum familia oriundi) Thoma jam nobiliori. Cui generosa mens, & rerum, & hominum peritissima, ad Intimae rationis potius quam exteriorum morum Normam composita: ●ui verbum juramentum erat jus & fas vitae deuces, Sancti pectoris recessus: more Imperatorio pauca dixit, sed for●ia: nobilio●i beatus Laconismi utpote ●ui quot verba tot sententa, & quot sententiae ●ot a Tertulli ●n. sacrament● in vicinium tam potens ipse quam in ipsum Rex; mensa magnus; & elimosinis, ne vel b When he or his 〈◊〉 any occasion to Hank, he would n●t suffer his retainers to break any Hedge, but his own, without sufficient satisfaction. Insimo injuria notus sed & summis beneficio: Illius familia collegium erat ubi disciplinam vivebant bonae Indolis juvenes, non luxum. THE Life and Death OF Sir FRANCIS CRAWLEY. THIS Gentleman, who with Zorastes laughed at his birth, and death, was born at Lutton in Bedford-shire, the very same day and hour, as it was computed, April 6. 1584. that Ploiden died at London: the very reason why his Father recommended so earnestly, and he embraced so willingly, the study of the Law, than which no study more knotty, he would say to the Novices that were first admitted to it, none more pleasant to the Ancients that had experience in it; wherein he profited, as he might have done in any profession, since very happy in those two qualities, Secrecy and Celerity, the two great wheels of considerable performances; improving faster than fame, the wings of industry surprising men beyond those of fame. His deterity in Logic in the University, promised him an able Pleader at the Inns of Court. It was his observation, that the fashioning of a Man's Head, to the minute subtleties of a Sophism, opened and fitted it to entertain the distinct, and least circumstances of a Case. He wore a signet Ring, wherein was Engraven his famous Ancestors Picture, with better success than Sc●pio Alsricanus did that which carried his Father's Face, which was taken off by the people of Rome, because he was unworthy to wear his Father's Portaiture, that did not follow his Pattern; it being not fit his Picture should go without his Virtue. One part of his time he spent with his Acquaintance, and the other with his Books; the one bringing him to practice, as the other enabled him for it. He studied the English Nobility and Gentry for his pleasure, observing their Alliance in Heraldry, and for his profit noting their correspondence in Interest; being as able to put suitable Persons together to make a Party, as any Herald was to put Kindred together to frame a Pedigree. His Study was like his Converse, rather well contrived than toilsome, his Art, not his Drudgery; his soft and fair, went far in Labyrintho properantes ipsa velocit as Implicat. He is not the likeliest man to run out of a Maze, that runs fastest. He was as rich in his observations of his own age (no remark being miss in his Table-book) as he was in his History of Former Ages. Happy in himself, more in his Relations, especially those he called his Blessings (as if peculiar to him) his good Wife, and excellent Children, of whom he was loving, not fond. One point of his devotion was remarkable, that he never met a person subject to infirmities, but in stead of deriding them in the other man, he blessed God that he had not occasion to grieve for them in himself. And another of his instructions to those about him notable, that it's not the least, a man skilful to have so much command of him● self, as to be contented to submit to the commands of others. The Courtesies he bestowed, were gifts never remembered by him; those he received, loans never forgotten: The Discourse he loved, was that which had left of other men's vices, and most of their virtues, without censure of Superiors, scorn of Inferiors, vainglory, or a supercilious reservedness (when men are rather Riddles than Company) in the persons themselves. Liberal he was of every thing, especially of good advice; covetous of doing good: He would hardly receive an ill opinion of any, and more hardly express it. He dispensed Justice to his friends, not as a friend, but as a friend; answering, when it was told him, that that was not the way to be rich, That it would never repent him for being the poorer for doing justice. He neither encouraged an ill-inclined person by overmuch mildness, nor discouraged a well-inclined one by extreme severity. He could pardon a man that he caught in a mistake, for it was a common frailty, commending in him the acknowledgement of it as a great virtue [the noblest thing that St. Augustine did was his Retractation] but reject him that stood in it as a hopeless wretch; a man he called not constant, but obstinate; it being more to justify a fault, than to fall into it. His Apparel was neither mimically in fashion, nor ridiculously out; neither vain, nor singular. His short divertisement fitted him for business, rather than rob●bed him of time; he would say to his Sons, That they who make recreation a business, will think business a toil. To be without an estate, and not want; to want, and not desire; to manage well a great estate, and to bear a mean; to be sensible and patient, not to grow great by corruption, nor to grow proud with greatness; not to ebb and flow with a man's condition, and to be neither supercilious nor dejected; to take the changes of the world, without any change in a man's self; not to defer death, but sweeten it; to be neither loath to leave the world, nor afraid to give account for it, were qualities that he admired in others, and lived to be Master of himself. He never commended a man to his face, but before others, to create in them a good opinion of him; nor dispraised any man behind his back, but to himself, to work in him a reformation of himself; avoiding the appearance of evil, left he should do ill unawares, or hear ill undeservedly. He could not with patience hear what was unseasonable or unsavoury, arguing want of goodness or judgement; Speak well, was his rule, or say nothing; so if others be not bettered by thy silence, they will not be worse by the discourse. Being more intent upon knowing himself, than letting others know him; he found that the greatest part of what he knew not, was the least of what he knew. He was as careful that others should be bettered by him, as that he should be bettered by others; observing little but what he would imitate, and doing nothing but what might be imitated. In the Morning he thought what he had to do, for which he might ask God's blessing; and at Night what he had done, for which he must needs ask pardon; being ready always to part with and give account for his life; not being afraid to look upon his score, but fearful to increase it. To despair, because a man is sinful, is to be worse, because he hath been bad. To be discontented he reckoned a folly, because it makes that which was a punishment only before, a sin now; and by finding fault with God, to make another fault in ourselves. He neither made another man's fault his own by aggravating it, nor doubled his own by excusing it. These virtues of his Person, the great reputation of his Parts and Skill, the eminency of his Practice, and his known Integrity, preferred him to a relation to many Noble Persons, and at last to the Service of the Crown: for having been some years' Barrister of Gray's Inn, and called, with fifteen more, to be Sergeant, Term. Mich. Anno 21. jacobi Regis, being Puisne to them all; insomuch, that it was remarkable at that time, ☞ that he read in Gray's Inn, after he had received his Writ to be Sergeant, which was done by the advice of the Lord Chancellor and the Judges; he was made the Queen's Sergeant the next Term, I. Car. and upon the death of Sir Francis Harvey, one of the Justices of the Commons Bench. Wherein, with what impartiality he administered Justice to the people, and with what faithfulness he gave advice to the King, especially in the matter of Ship-money, may be guessed by his sufferings from the Faction, and his love from the whole Kingdom. Which (since we could not be so happy, as to have an account of this excellent Father from his excellent Son; who is as well his Character, as his Child; his History, as well as his Issue:) we must be contented to take from a friend of his, who would have Posterity know him, to whom they are so much obliged. In honorem juris Anglici justitiaeque Catholicae hoc magnum utriusque ornamentum praesentibus, & posteris colendum Proposuit. Johannes Extone, qui seris nepotibus hand alio Innotescere gestit nomine quam quod fuerit Francisci Crawley amicus, & comes, ut erat ille virtutum. Ille qui in a Tertullian. paenitentiam se natum putavit & diu vixisse noluit, nisi ut bene vivererit simul & moreretur: nec perfunctory nec morose, aut superbe pius, non quid faceret, Curavit sed & quo animo; ne vel ipso pecearet officio. Et cautus, et castus. Spectabile probitatis exemplar non ut spectetur. Nil mali minimum aestimavit, nil boni nimium. Haud quo Ib atur, at quo eundum properavit ●d rationem potius quam exempla se exigens, saltem voto perfectus. Nec vitia rebellium pati potuit, nec rebels ejus virtutes. Infaelix saeculum pronunciavit quod doctissime nequam erat. Contemplativum potius quam Practicum. THE Life and Death OF Mr. JOSIAS SHUTE. HIS very name is as a Silver Trumpet to his Reputation, sounding out a Quicquid doctiorum est, assurgite huic tam colendo nomini: With whom it was, as with job appearing, Chap. 29. The young men hid themselves, and the aged rose and stood up; when the Ear heard him, than it blessed him; and when the Eye saw him, it gave witness to him. His name I say, is an Aromatic Ointment, diffusing a more rich Perfume, than the choicest of our broken Boxes. 2. He descended of a Learned Race, the Son of an eminent Divine in Yorkshire, and one of five famous Brother-Preachers. A man of that latitude of Learning, that length of Apprehension, that depth of Judgement, and height of Speculation, so complete in all Dimensions, that I may justly renew that admiration of Naz. concerning Basil, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, where was there such a mixture of rare Parts and Graces: What kind of Learning was he unacquainted with? what kind was he not Excellent in? as if he had studied that alone. 3. And though he were a man of but a single heart, yet was he one of divers Tongues, able to read the Scriptures without the spectacles of Translators; he both drank and derived those Holy Waters out of their sweeter Fountains, the Originals. And even Bellarmine acknowledges, the Original is in several cases to be used. Luther and Melancthon valued their Skill in the Originals above Kingdoms, faith Amam in Paraen. L. H. Our grave Author, like a wise Merchant, was well skilled in the Tongue of the place he traded to; being Master of those three Grand Mother-Languages inscribed on the Cross of Christ, besides some others of their Progeny. 4. Filius Ecclesiae in patribus versatissimus: This Son of the Church of England was most familiar with the Ancient Fathers both of the East and West. Of the Greek, Chrysostom lay in his bosom, even till he did Patrizare, become like unto him in his flowing strife and golden Eloquence. Among the Latin, St. Augustine, that Maul of Heretics, was in chief esteem with him. 5. He was an exact Historian, for Ecclesiastical History especially, those Records of the Church; the ignorance whereof is the Mother of many of our growing Errors and Indevotions, nor was he less acquainted with the Schools; (though more delighted with the waters of Siloah, than of Meriba,) even a Master of the Master of the Sentences, and a Secretioribus unto the Councils, even of their Cabinet. 6. And because the flock is not only to be fed, but cured sometimes; he was a singular Casuist, and Chirurgeon, that knew well 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to set in joint again, and to bind up the broken heart: A Soul-Chyrurgeon right, for all those properties of heart, and hand, & eye, no less sweet and soft in exhortations & consolations: He was indeed another Apollo's, an Eloquent man, and mighty in the Scriptures; and as another Basil, he did thunder in his Doctrine, and lighten in his Life, his light shined before men; not only that of knowledge, but that of example also in his Piety and Charity, in his Gravity and sweet Affability. He guilded not over Lukewarmness with the Varnish of Discretion, nor allowed he violence in unconcerning and indifferent Affairs, under the pretence of zeal. He was at a Mark at last, tall people may be Porters to Lords, (saith one that ●elt the effects of moderation) very little people may be Dwarss to Ladies, whiles men of a middle stature may t●ant Masters, many notorious for extremities may find many to advance them, whilst moderate men state few to Prefer them. last dignified with the Arch-Deaconry of Colchester, and having been above three and thirty years' Rector of St. Mary Woolnoth in Lumbard-street London, an indefatigable, most faithful, and most beloved Preacher of the Gospel there; lamenting the distractions fallen upon the Church, he departed hence to rest with God, june 22. 1643. He was born in Gislewick in Yorkshire, and bred in Trinity College in Cambridge, and afterwards became Minister of St. Mary Woolnoth in London, and was, Reader, I do say, and will maintain it, the most precious Jewel that was ever shown or seen in Lumbard-street; all Ministers are Gods Husbandmen, but some of them can only plough in soft ground, whose shares and coultres will turn edge in a hard point of Divinity: no ground came amiss to Mr. Shute, whether his Text did lead him to Controversial or positive Divinity; having a strain without straining for it of native Eloquence, like the Paracelsian, who could draw Oil out of the slints of Controversies. He spoke that which others studied for: he was for many years, and that most justly, highly esteemed of his Parish, till in the beginning of our late Civil Wars some began to neglect him, distasting wholesome Meat well dressed by him, merely because their mouths were out of taste, by that general distemper, which in his time was but an Ague, afterwards turned to a Fever, and since is turned to a Frenzy in our Nation. I insist thereon the rather for the comfort of such godly Ministers, who now suffer in the same nature wherein Mr. Shute did before: indeed no Servant of God can simply and directly comfort himself in the offerings of others, (as which hath something of envy therein) yet may he do it consequently in this respect, because thereby he apprehends his own condition herein consistent with God's love and his own Salvation, seeing other precious Saints taste with him of the same affliction, as many godly Ministers do nowadays, whose sickles are now hung up as useless, and neglected, though before these Civil Wars they reaped the most in God's harvest. Mr. Shute died Anno Domini 1640. and was buried with great Solemnity in his own Church, Mr. Udall preaching his Funeral Sermon: Since his death, his excellent Sermons are set forth on some part of Genesis, and pity it is there is no more extant of his worthy endeavours. It must not be forgotten, how retiring a little before his death into the Country, some of his Parishioners came to visit him, whom he cheerfully entertained with this expression: I have taught you, my dear stock, for above thirty years how to live, and now in a very short time how to die; he was as good as his word herein, for within an hour he in the presence of some of them was peaceably dissolved. This famous man with his Brothers, a 〈…〉. 1. Nathamel, bred in Christ College in Cambridge, an excellent Scholar, and solid Preacher, though nothing of his extant besides Corona Charitatis, a Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. Fishbourne, living many years at St. Mildred's, a painful and careful Minister, and dying 1638. Dr. Holdsworth most excellently preaching his Funeral Sermon on this ●ext, We have this our treasure in Earthen vessels. 2. Robert, Minister of Lyn. 3. Thomas, Minister of Chester; and Timothy lately Minister at Exeter, are a Confutation of the slander raised upon clergymen's Children, it being a question whether they were more happy in their good Father, called commonly the Reverend Vicar of Gizlewich, or he in so eminent Sons; Great, though not equally set in conveniently distanced Candlesticks. One in Cambridge (they are the words of a Cambridge man) being demanded his judgement of an excellent Sermon at the University-Church, returned that it was an uncomfortable, leaving no hope of imitation for such as should succeed him. In this sense must we allow these men uncomfortable men (though the sweetest tempered men in the world) possessing such as shall follow them in time, with a despair to equal them in eminence. Thus much of this good man is dispersedly public already by others; something must be added by us who have sat under his Ministry twenty four years, being Baptised, Chatechized, and Married by him; the title of whose Acquaintance and Friends we as ambitiously affect, as Fulke Lord Gr●vill did that of being Sir Philip Sidneys Friend, when he ordered his Memorial should be, That he was Servant to Queen Elizabeth, Privy-Counsellor to King James, and friend to Sir Philip Sidney. One he was that would not suffer us to spend our whole time to know what we should be, but to be as careful to be what we knew, bidding us beware of the Ricket-Christianity in head-notions, and Paralletick Religion in lip-labors; that bid us follow our Places to discharge our Consciences, as well as to improve our state; rather to do good than grow rich, enjoining one of us to give judgement, and not sell it; and taking nothing to do an unjust thing, and give nothing to enjoy it. No sin so great he thought as that we felt little, as little want of feeling is a symptom of dying; only the misery is, they that lose feeling in regard of sin, cannot do so in respect of punishment; the less the occasion of sin, the greater the nature of it. He did endeavour to sweeten Religion by his own conversation, and persuade others to do so, to remove the old calumny, and the new scandal, Spiritus Calvinianus est spiritus Melancholicus, study rather to make thyself fit for employment (was his rule) than to think thyself so, adding against buying of places, that they that grew great by buying, continued so by selling; if a man buys a place he deserves not, he wrongs others, if that he deserves himself; measure your Wealth by your mind, not Estate, was his Citizen's rule, and your expense by your Estate, and not his by your Estate, lest while you fear to be thought mean, you become so: Let your thoughts be such to yourselves, that you need not be ashamed to have God know them (this was a rule in Devotion) and words such to God as you need not be afraid men should hear them, that the one may not do you harm by an ill habit, nor the other to others by an ill example. It was his own comfort that he was inwardly sincere, and others benefit that he was outwardly exemplary; his discourse wherein he would neither undertake nor talk much, was rather profitable than curious, not for applause to hear well, but for use to do well. He asserted the utmost of Christian Liberty (being sensible with Cardan, that there was no Superstition so dangerous, as theirs that avoided Superstition) but practised the least of it, not going to the farthest point of lawfulness because (as the East & West-Indies meet in a point) that lay upon the borders of unlawfulness, and he that will do all that he may, may do what he ought not; he measured his promises by his ability, and his performances, though to his prejudice, by his promises; an honest man doth not promise more than he means, nor a wiseman more than he is able, though a great Scholar: his greatest knowledge he reckoned that of himself: and though an able man, yet valued it his greatest ability that he conquered himself: he did good as privately as others do evil. Good counsel, like charity, begins at home, he that will do good upon others, must be good himself, otherwise it is an easier matter to give good counsel, than to follow it. He would condemn nothing out of humour, nor maintain any thing out of fashion; because, he said, he desired to say nothing that he must recall, and to do nothing that he should repent. He deferred not the duty he durst not deny, because he reckoned his life by moments, the minute past being irrecoverable, and that to come uncertain, the present only ours: The more men delay repentance, the more work they have to do, and the less time to do it in; his last hour therefore finding him rather willing to go than contented to carry, having nothing to do but to die. He would not suffer us to measure our want of goodness by others store, nor our store of it by others want; for the crooked must be measured by the straight, and not by the more crooked; teaching us to measure God's blessings, not by our wants, but by our deserts. He did not wonder at the various effects of the doctrine he taught, any more than at the divers effects of the Physic he would sometimes prescribe, (and he would say that a good Divine should have something in him of the good Physician) both succeeding according to the capacity of the Patient; for under unprofitableness we should blame not Gods means, but our own hearts; when we profit, we should not thank our own hearts, but God and his means. The way to be long young, is to be old betimes (he said) and the way to live always, was to die daily; the thoughts of the dissolution of soul and body, which is the natural death, being the best means to prevent the dissolution of soul and body, which is the spiritual death; and death becomes the beginning of a man's happiness, and not the end. Consideration was the main part of his work, and he would have made it the main part of ours; all the evils in the world, he would say, being capable of a prevention by these two words, quid foci? And by that which as it was the peculiar faculty, so was the proper happiness of a man. Reflection, and suffering reason to check and control the Appetite, and faith to govern reason, when urged much with his stiffness in the points of Obedience and Rebellion. If I did not think these doctrines true (said he) I would never have published them? and since I think they are true, I dare not renounce them: Which puts us in mind of his smart check to Backsliders; If the profession of Religion was not good, why did you enter into it? if it was, why do you not continue in it? It was an endless thing, he thought, to be solicitous about fame, for that lies in the power of many; a short work to take care of Conscience, for that is in the power of one. Upon some good words bestowed on him by the men of the times, that heard ill, he startled with, Why? what have I done, that these should speak well of me? Parcat cognatis maculis similis fera. Let thy estate serve thy occasions (it was his last words to his Brother) thy occasions, thyself; thyself, thy soul; thy soul, thy God. To take Resolution (he urged us to) upon good grounds, and not to forsake them, but upon good reason; prescribing to us a solid judgement, and not fond opinions; and if we maintain opinions, to do it because they are true; and not, because they are ours. Christian Liberty he asserted, and Christian Licentiousness he bewailed. He would satisfy Nature, and not humour it; stand still, rather than go out of his Calling; flow to choose a friend, and slower to change him; courteous to all, intimate with a few (saying, our Saviour had many Hearers, but a few Disciples) his acquainted, he reckoned his neighbour; his friend, himself; he scorned no man for his meanness, nor humoured any for their wealth; advising young men not to cease to be good Christians, by desiring to be esteemed good Companions. In stead of a Cato, set before thee, said he, to Mr. I. S. set before thee a God, whose eye is always upon thee, and therefore keep thy eye always upon him; doing nothing to which thou mayest willingly desire God's absence, or canst not desire his assistance. He was very earnest with us, to keep this much upon our hearts, that the good we receive is not for our own sake, nor the good we do by our own power. He was unwilling that we should repine at sufferings, as other men's faults, if they be not blessings, it is our own: He saw his own mortality in other men's death, and his own frailty in their sins; so thinking of death, as to be afraid of sin that led to worse; and so reflecting on sins, as not to be afraid of death that led to better. He charged us in the beginning of the times, to make not the best men our rule, for they that in all things follow him that may err, will be sure in some things to fall into error. He compared what he did, with what he suffered, being infinitely taken with this consideration, that he had received more good than he had done, and done more evil than he suffered. Often repeating to us the saying (as he did recommend to us the solid and safe works) of Bishop Davenant, in an Emphatical Prayer, which he made for half a quarter of an hour before he died, reserving (that strength which standers by thought he had lost, when for many days he had not spoke, though not speechless) for his last hour, wherein he thanked God for that his fatherly correction, because in all his life time he never had one heavy affliction, which made him often much suspect with himself, whether he was a true Child of God or no, till that his last sickness. If I have lived well, I have lived long enough, would he say, to those that were impatient to hear that he should die; if otherwise, too long; to desire to be here still, is to desire to be still out of heaven. Child, would he say to a friend, never think it too soon to be serious, for it may be too late to put off amendment: with hope of living is to lose eternal life, by presuming on a temporal one. In the beginning of the troubles he much inculcated that rule that we should intend the public good, as well as our private advantages, because by providing for a man's own particular he may wrong the public, whereas by effecting good to the community, a man must do good to himself; whence all creatures do that as more good, which is good to the more; measuring good not by what it is in it as to us, but by what it is in its self. He thought he should not fear death the last change, that was acquainted with a life so full of changes. It's pity, he would say to Ladies that came to him, that Beauty which is an ornament, should become a snare; the worst money is that which is spent about fashions, and the worse time (more precious than money) that is employed in Dressing, since God hath made you beautiful in others eyes, let it be your care to be so in his. At Church he wished them to empty themselves of this world, to be conversant in the next; to shut their eyes, that their ears might be open. In Neighbourhood he would wish them, to love others as themselves, in the kind unseigned; in Friendship to love others as themselves, in the degree ardently. Injuries show that thou art able to revenge, but not willing (lest thou do that injury by encroaching on him to God, which thou complainest of in thy Neighbour:) courtesies show thou art willing to requite, though not able; if you live not for yourselves, but to God; God will not live for himself, but for you. Let your conceit be low, and your desires high, God being able to render your capacity as great, as you know your worth is little. He would unwillingly converse with a man that would forget himself by an unreasonable anger, or his friend and company by an unseasonable jest. He loved his Body, which he had common with a Beast, in subordination to his Soul, which he had common with Christ. His words, which were few, went far in his house, but his example further; being, he said, angry for small faults, to prevent greater; and pleased with the least good, to encourage men to do better. He would hear no ill of a friend, nor speak any of an enemy; his rule being, tell nothing of another, that thou wouldst not have told him. He would come to free Entertainments, and to costly ones; to hospitable, but provident Tables, where that was thought too much for him, that was too much for his friend's estate, saying, he is not a friend that expects more than a man is able, and he is not his own friend that doth less; do all like yourselves, so that you weaken not yourself, nor your estate. Company, he said, like Climates altered a With the ●roward thou shalt learn frowardness. complexions; It is hard for a good man not to be the worse for bad company, and for bad company to be the better for a good man. The poor were sure of relief in his Vestry or House, since it was his common saying, that we cannot with comfort call upon God for our daily Bread, if we denied his poor, that called upon us for our daily Crumbs. He had in every Sermon, something that suited every condition from the highest to the lowest, and in every Prayer, something that suited with every want; his arrows hit where he did not aim, as the Bell clinketh to the foolish as he thinketh; so a Sermon soundeth to a man's ear according to his heart. THE Life and Death OF Dr. THOMAS WESTFIELD, Bishop of Bristol. MOurnful jeremy of Great Saint bartholomew's, and the powerful Boanerges of Lumbard-street, were loving in their lives, and in their death were not divided; the thunder of the one is aptly followed by the showers and tears of the other, who would melt those hearts the other broke. Dr. Westfield (our Gildas, both the Wife and the Querulous, though as he no murmurer, no complainer, impious against God, or uncharitable against Man, complaining without cause, or without measure) but only inveighing against the sins, and bemoaning the sufferings of his time; when he might call some that called themselves Clergy, as Gildas did Montes malitiae; and the Britain's too generally, as the other doth Atramentum saeculi. a 〈…〉 Whose Preaching, without a Parable, was mourning to his people; his lips and eyes by a strange Metathesis changing their offices, these outdid the oratory of those (for tears are very vocal) he in the Prophet's phrase b Ezek 20. 40. dropping his words (though soft and silent, yet warm and melting ones) and his doctrine (not in a Metaphor) distilling c Deut. 32. 2. like the Rain, and descending on his people like Dew, the Holy Spirit falling on him like the Dove, innocent and mournful) was Native and Scholar d Where 〈◊〉. Spite (a bad name of a good man) was his Master. of St. Mary's in Ely, Scholar and Fellow of jesus College in Cambridge, born 1573. when two Girls, Agnes Bridges about twenty years of age, and Rachel Pinder about twelve, deceived many Ministers in London, and dying 1644. when few young London Ministers were made use of to Impose upon the whole Nation. He was taught under e Dr. B●wl● and Dr. Westfield, at M●●y le Bow in Cheapside. Bishop Felton (who was happy in his assistants, two of them being preferred Bishops, and more in his Chaplains, all of them reputed learned and religious men) how to manage a Cure, before he enjoyed one, whence it was his usual observation. That f His observation of Curacies. Curacies (which young men were so impatient of, though some men when elder maintained them) were Nurseries, wherein young, raw, and unexperienced men, that could not continue in the University under Learned Tutors and Governors, might find an University in the Country under grave and sober Pastors, gaining that stock of Learning and Experience in business, by the direction and example of wisemen upon their Charges, which they might lay out upon their own: he found happiness in this world as they that study the Philosophers-Stone, without any desire to find it: he was neither stupidly ignorant of the Affairs of the world, nor scornfully regardless of his concerns in it, but submissively contented with God's allotment about it. The French are said to have so graceful a behaviour, that all postures that they are in, and all attire that they put on, becomes them; this good man became any condition, and every condition became him, as if he had been born to that alone. Others affected a more high way of talking than he (which he compared to a Kites highflying in the Air, that would yet vouchsafe to condescend to a Carrion upon the ground) but he continued in a higher way of living than they; being happy in an humble height whereby he did truly, what the Emperor is said Ironically to do, viz. descendere in Coelum, he could not endure to hear men tell their friends what others said ill of men behind their backs, it being all one as to go and tell a man what is said of him when he is dead. Let your prayers (he would say) be as frequent as your wants, His. Advice. and your thanksgiving as your blessings, miss not the Confession and Absolution in public, unless you have no sins to repent, or no care to be forgiven them: Think not the worse of the Ordinance of God for the sins of the Administrator; those that are ill themselves, may through God's blessing (that is not confined to the person, but to the thing) be Instruments of good to others. It was our Saviour's rule, Do as they say: the Stone showeth the way that cannot stir in it, and the Bell calleth others to Church that heareth not itself. A sickly Physician may Cure, and a loose Divine may Save, acquaint yourselves rather with God's Commandments than his Decrees, and conclude thy Salvation rather from a diligent observing of Gods Revealed will, than a curious search into his secret one. When people pleaded Conscience for known sin, he would say, It was sad when the greatest restraining from sin was the great pretence to it, and tell them their Conscience was not their rule, but their guide, so far only can Conscience justify our actions as it is its self justified by his word. He was to the last, he said, contented to live, and yet desirous to die; his little saying he called it, was, let it be your first care to be good to yourselves, and your next, to make others so. Let it trouble you more to do a fault than to hear of it, being more sorry that it is true, than that it is known; never think to be free from censures, or faulty, while thy Neighbours and thyself are but men. He was the man that received no Opinion upon Credit, and vented none upon Discontent, embracing Doctrines that might save, rather than fancies that might raise him: Speaking what he thought, not what others (though good men, yet but men) said; who, he said, should be his Copies no longer than they agreed with the Original. The man that entertained whatever God sent thankfully, and did whatever God commanded cheerfully, that spared no man's sins for the persons sake, nor reflected on no man's person for his sins sake; That feared more to do ill, than to suffer it: the Author of this rule, fear to do any thing against that God whom thou lovest, and thou wilt not love to do any thing against that God whom thou fearest. He did not easily entertain Friendship with a man without considerable Acquaintance, nor easily part with a Friend he had entertained without a very great fault: he would say that he must have no friend, that would have a friend with no fault. Every man, though his Adversary, was his Neighbour that needed him. How much pleased was he to hear another commended! how much more, if he had occasion to commend him himself: the first he would do without repining, and the second without detracting. He forgave many that he said he must reprove, because showing them their fault, was instructing them in their duty; never loving a man the less for an injury, though trusting him less, being throughly satisfied when the party was throughly sorry. It was, he said, common to him with God to suffer injuries, to exercise his patience, therefore it should be proper to him as it was to God to forgive them, to exercise his Charity. In fine, a good man he was, without noise; a provident man, without perplexity, merry without lightness, grave without morosity, bountiful without waste. These and many other his good virtues, recommended him first to Hornsey near London, and his faithfulness and success there opened his way to St. Bartholomews the Great in London, as his prudence and gravity did to the Arch-Deaconry of S. Alban in Hertford-shire, and his worthy mannagement of these inferior Places and Offices, purchased to him the good degree of a Bishopric, and that at Bristol, which was offered him Anno 1616. to maintain him, and then refused by him; because, he said, he wanted not subsistence: and again 1641. that he might maintain it, and then accepted, because Episcopacy wanted such a devout and well-reputed man to support it. For when his Majesty was resolved to choose his new Bishops 1641. out of the most sound for judgement, and unblameable for conversation, the Learned Dr. Prideaux King's Professor of Divinity at Oxford, for the good repute, his painful and learned Lectures procured him at home and abroad, was made Bishop of Worcester; Dr. Winniffe Dean of St. Paul's, for his Gravity, Learning and Moderation, Bishop of Lincoln; Dr. Brownrigge Master of Catherine Hall, for quick and solid parts in Disputing and Preaching, Bishop of Exeter; Dr. King Archdeacon of Colchester for his general accomplishments as an obliging Gentleman, a great Scholar, a devout Christian, an incomparable Preacher, a Generous, Liberal, and Hospitable Clergyman, the pious and popular Son of a pious and popular Father, Doctor john King Bishop of London. Dr. john Westfield for many years the painful and profitable Preacher of Great St. bartholomew's London, Bishop of Bristol: Surely, to use the words of the Historians, Si urbi defensa ●uisset, his dextris, if Divine Providence had appointed that Episcopacy should have stood at that time, more probable persons could not have been picked out of England, envy and malice might feed upon their own flesh, their teeth finding nothing in the foresaid elects to fasten upon. But Episcopacy was so far from faring the better for them, that they fared the worse for it; Insomuch that many who loved them much in their Gowns, did not at all like them in their Rockets. Nothing was thought too much for him by the Earl of Holland, and other Persons of Quality before the troubles, and nothing too little since: To disturb his Devotion they removed and burnt the Rails he had set about the Lords-Table: to interrupt his quiet, they made him sue for his right, who had for many years not known what it was to ask it; they who were glad formerly to converse with him in their Houses, would not have Communion with him at Church; and he whose tears and natural persuasive faculty, (for Bishop King said he was born an Orator) was reckoned powerful and heart searching preaching, was neglected as the formal man of the dead Letter. He preached the first Latin Sermon at the Erection of Zion College upon this Text, Benedic Sioni Domine: and the last English Sermon at a Visitation upon this Text, For Zions sake I will not hold my peace; he used often the story of Mr. Dods being strangely moved at midnight without any reason in the world to visit a Neighbour, to whom when he said he was come, but knew not why, the Neighbour answered; You know not why you came, but God doth that sent you; for I was but just now under a temptation to make away myself; and he applied it thus, that he would never go to visit any out of Compliment but Conscience, looking up to God that he might bless his presence in the Family whether he went to rebuke the temptations any of the people thereof might lie under. As he made not that wearisome which should be welcome by the tediousness of his Sermons, never standing above his Glass (which he said was Mr. Robert Boltons' way) nor keeping a Glass unless upon an extraordinary occasion above a quarter of an hour, so he made not that common which should be precious by the courseness, or cursoriness of them; he never offered God or his people what cost him nothing, being (unless surprised to an extempore performance, for which he desires to be rather excused than commended) of Demosthenes his mind, who never spoke what he had not studied, being wont to say, That he showed how he honoured and reverenced the people of Athens, because he was careful what he spoke to them; desiring to admire rather than imitate them who made preaching their nature, and could discourse Sermons. It cost him as much pains to set his own Sermon on his heart (that he might speak to the hearts of the people) as it did to get them into his head: he that speaks from his belly (called Ventri loquus) seems to be another at further distance which whispers; and when a man speaketh from the heart, the speech seems to come from one at distance, and that is God. He kept up all Ordinances, Prayers, Sermons, and Sacraments in equal esteem, as Scipio in a Controversy between two who should have the s●aling Crown due to him that first climbed the walls, gives it to them both, knowing that they both got up the wall together. Especially taking care of Catechising (priding himself as much as Luther did in this Character, Discipulus Catechismi) that men studying the dark corners of Divinity, might not lose themselves in the beaten Road of it; looking upon Catechising as the way of settling Religion at first, and maintaining it still. Our Saviour is observed not to preach against Idolatry, Usury, Sabbaths breaking, among the Jews, because not so dangerous in an age wherein, saith one, Iniquity was spun with a finer thread: but against spiritual pride and hypocrisy; this his Servant connived not at Debauchery, the confessed, bewailed, and lamented sins of one part of the Nation, but was very severe against Sacrilege, Disobedience, Curiosity, and Hypocrisy, the maintained sins of the other: men's Consciences, he said, flew in their faces for the one, and would reform them, but their Consciences were made parties for the other, and would harden them. Those sins he said were to be preached against, that were grown into so much reputation as to be preached for: He looked upon it as equally impertinent to confute an old Heresy which time had confuted, and to spend time in reproving those sins which every ones heart reproved him for. He read much, but orderly (drawing up his notions as the King of Sweden used to do his men, not above six deep, because he would not have them lie in useless Clusters, but so that every particular might be drawn into Service;) but meditated more, dispiriting his Books into himself. He was glad to go from London to Bristol to avoid the tumults, but he was gladder to be translated from Bristol to Heaven, quite heartbroken with the Rebellion. He never, though almost fifty years a Preacher, went up a Pulpit, but as Luther said, he trembled; such an awe and reverence of God was upon his heart: he preached but once before the King at Oxford, and he fainted; so great his modesty before men, that gracious Prince (under whom it was encouragement enough to be a good Divine) speaking to the people to pray for him, for he said, It might be any man's Case, and wishing him to retire, saying, he was a good man, and he would with patience wait for him, as he did, until the good Bishop being a little refreshed, came up again and preached the best Sermon, and the last that ever he made. What good opinion the Parliament, as it was called, had of him, though not overfond of Bishops, appears by the ensuing Order, which with the following particulars are transcribed from his Daughter Elizabeth's Mouth and Papers. The Thirteenth of May 1643. from the Committee of Lords and Commons for Sequestration of Delinquents Estates. Upon Information in behalf of the Bishop of Bristol, that his Tenants refuse to pay him his Rents, It is ordered by the Committee that all Profits of his Bishopric be restored to him, and a safe Conduct be granted him to pass with his Family to Bristol, being himself of great age, and a person of great Learning and Merit. Io. Wild. About the midst of his Life he had a terrible Sickness, so that he thought (to use his own expression in his Diary) that God would put out the Candle of his life, though he was pleased only to snuff it. By his Will, (the true Copy whereof I have) he desired to be buried in his Cathedral Church, near the Tomb of Paul Bush, the first Bishop thereof; and as for my worldly Goods, (Reader, they are his own words in his Will) which (as the times now are) I know not well where they be, nor what they are; I give and bequeath them all to my dear Wife Elizabeth, etc. he protested himself on his deathbed a true Protestant of the Church of England, and dying junii 28. 1644. lieth buried, according to his own desire abovementioned, with this Inscription. Hic jacet Thomas Westfield, S. T. D. Episcoporum Infimus, peccatorum primus. Obiit 25 Junii, Anno M D C X L I I Senio & maerore confectus. Tu Lector (Quisquis es) Vale & Resipisee. Epitaphium ipse sibi dictavit vivus. Monumentum Vxor Maestissima Elizabeth Westfield. Marito Desideratissimo posuit superstes. Thus leaving such as survived him to see more sorrow, and feel more misery, he was seasonably taken away from the evil to come, and according to the Anagram made on him by his Daughter, Thomas Westfield, I Dwell the most safe. Enjoying all happiness, and possessing the reward of his pains, who converted many, and confirmed more by his constancy in his Calling. THE Life and Death OF The Right Honourable, ROBERT Earl of LINDSEY. I Find in the Observations upon the Statesmen and Favourites of England, this honourable person thus consecrated to Immortality. He and his whole Family (I know not whether more pious, or more valiant; whether more renowned abroad as Confessors for their Religion, or at home as Champions for their Country) have been in this last Age an Ornament or Defence to the Crown, equally reverenced by the Subjects of it, and honoured by the Sovereigns. This honourable Lords Ancestors were Richard ●ir●ue, and Katherine Ducthess of Suffolk, so eminently known for their patience and constancy in suffering for Religion in Q. Mary's days in the Palatinate: His Father was Peregrine Bertu● in his Mother's right Lord Willough●y of Freshly, so famous for his valour, success, and conduct in acting for Religion in Queen Elizabeth's time, when Commander in Chief, 1. Of the second Army of five, that the Queen sent to aid the French King. 2. Of the third, fourth and fifth Brigade, she bestowed on the assistance of the Dutch; and of the Garrison she entrusted with the keeping of Berwick, and the Borders. The stout Soldier, that brooking not the assiduity and obsequiousness of the Court, was wont to say, That he was none of the Reptilia, which could creep on the ground; and that a Court became a Soldier of good skill, and a great spirit, as a Bed of Down would one of the Tower ●yons. That undaunted man, who when an insulting challenge surprised him, a Bed of the Gout, returned this answer, That although he was lame of his Hands and Feet, yet he would meet him with a piece of a Rapier in his Teeth: That Hero, who taking a choice Jennet managed for the war, and intended a Present to the King of Spain, and being importuned by the Spanish General to return it, with an overture of his own choice, whether a 1000 l. down, or 100 l. a year during his life for it? made this magnanimous answer, That if it had been a Commander, he would have freely sent it back; but being an Horse, he loved him as well as the King of Spain, and would keep him. That useful man, to whom the Queen herself writ this Letter with her own hand. Good Peregrine, WE are not a little glad that by your Journey, you have received such good fruit of amendment; especially, when we consider how great a vexation it is to a mind devoted to Actions and Honour, to be restrained by any indisposition of body, from following those courses which to your own reputation, and our great satisfaction, you have formerly performed. And therefore, as we must now (out of our desire of your well-doing) chiefly enjoin you to an especial care, to increase and continue your health, which must give life to all your best endeavours; so we must next as seriously recommend to you this consideration, That in these times, when there is such appearance, that we shall have the trial of our best and noble Subjects, you seem not to affect the satisfaction of your own private Contentation, beyond the attending on that which nature and duty challengeth from all persons of your quality and profession. For if necessarily (your health of body being recovered) you should Elloigne yourself by residence there from those employments, whereof we shall have too good store; you shall not so much amend the state of your body, as happily you shall call in question the reputation of your mind and judgement; even in the opinion of those that love you, and are best acquainted with your disposition and discretion. Interpret this our plainness, we pray you, to our extraordinary Estimation of you; for it is not common with us to deal so freely with many; and believe that you shall ever find us both ready and willing in all occasions to yield you the fruits of that interest, which your endeavours have purchased for you in our opinion and estimation; not doubting, but when you have with moderation made trial of the success of these your sundry Peregrinations, you will find as great comfort to spend your days at home, as heretofore you have done. Of which we do wish you full measure, howsoever you shall have cause of abode or return. Given under our Signet, at our Manor of Nonsuch the 7. of October 1594. in the 37 th' year of our Reign. Your most loving Sovereign, E. R. Heir our Nobleman was to his Father's spirit, as well as honour, being none of those degenerate Noblemen, that are like their Father's Tombs, rather than their Offspring, carved over outwardly with honourable Titles, and empty within of any thing but dirt and corruption; but the happiest of all the four Actors on the Stage of Honour, viz. the Beginners, the Advancers, the Continue●●, and the Ruinors; raising his House, illustrious already, to an higher sphere among the Stars of the first magnitude, and keeping the noble stream of his blood as far from its fall, as he found it from its fountain. He was born December 16. 1572. at London, the great Father, like Paulus Aemilius, being amazed with three glad tidings at a time; the Taking of Bellesont by his Regiment, the Routing of the Duke of Guise his Guards by his Brigades, and the Birth of his sprightly Son by his Wife. Queen Elizabeth would needs be Godmother to the Young General, as she called him, and the Earls of Essex, and Leicester Godfathers, Christening him Robert, (a name she observed happy in Soldiers and Statesmen, as a D●● H●ylin observeth that H●●●● been a ●●al Letter 〈◊〉 England. Henry was in Kings; john in Divines, Edward in Lawyers, Elizabeth in Queens, William in Physicians, Edward and Francis in Scholars and Politicians) and b H●● inclination. enjoining a trial of his temper, as Pharaoh did that of Moses, before discretion might be dissembled, when he discovered more inclination to the Armour than to the Gown, being manly in his very Gugaws and Rattles; and almost with Scanderbag, calling the very first word he spoke for a Sword; and being once by Sir W. Raleigh offered the same choice that Achilles was by Ulysses, that is, the softer Fairings of Pictures, little Books, etc. and those more severe, of little Swords, Pistols, he betrayed an Earls manhood by his choice of the latter, laying hold the first thing when Gentlemen came to the House, upon their Sword and Dagger. But since (as he would say) he was followed by a Set of Masters that disposed of all his hours at home, His Education. and an excellent Tutor that managed his time in the University; and since the humour of the three Sovereigns he lived under (and the temper of the Prince is a great rule for the accomplishments of the Nobility) was knowing and learned, Queen Elizabeth for soft and smooth Poetry, Oratory, and History; King james for Various, Judicious, and indeed general Skill; and King Charles for all Useful, Weighty, and Accurate Knowledge, he was forced to look into his Books. He chose the more manly part of Learning, as History, to furnish his experience with the wisdom of age, without its wrinkles or infirmities; Mathematics, to regulate his conduct; Heraldry, to understand his own and others interests; and Geography, to guide his Marches, Assaults, Battalias, etc. Physic, to understand his own body; Law, to keep his Neighbours quiet; Religion, to accommodate his Meditations; Divinity, said Richlieu, is the only stay of retired thoughts, and more pleasant and various studies for discourse; blessing God usually for these benefits of his Education, viz. 1. That he understood the worth of his nature. Thirteen benefits of a good Education. 2. That he was taught the design of the world, and time of Gods continuing and governing both. 3. That he had considered the best and the worst examples, with the successes of both. 4. That he had learned the consequence, both of a peaceable and a disturbed conscience. 5. That he had looked beyond the frailty of life, and fixed to solid rules, made up of integrity and honour. 6. That he had been enured to govern his desires within the limits of his capacity and modesty, and so to be Master of an equal, and an even spirit. 7. That he had attained an habit of Jealousy (which put him upon the examination of the end, bottom, ground, and circumstamces of all affairs that came before him) that is, indeed of prudence. 8. That he had freed himself from the observances, opinions, and customs, that prevailed with mankind, in order to the more vigorous prosecution of the noble design, and scope, which, 10. he had proposed to himself. 11. That he resolved to dispose of time past, to reflection and observation; time present, to duty; and time to come, to providence. 12. That he could rest in no pleasure or enjoyment that was superficial. 13. That according to the Arabic Proverb in Drusius, he could be so wise as to give every thing its due estimation. Much of his accomplishments he owed to his Father's well-disciplined House, more to the strict University, more than that, to a sober and manly Court; more yet, to his four years' Travels; and most of all, to his undertake in the Low Countries; where a His ●●rriage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. his entertainments were free and noble, his carriage towards Officers and Soldiers obliging, especially those of his own Country; his Engagements in every Action and Council remarkable, his Designs on the Enemy restless, and his Assaults forward, being with the first generally at a Breach or Pass; thrice Unhorsed, but never daunted before b At that battle whereof 1500. English under Sir. Hor. and Sir F. Vere, every man was hurt. Newport. His courage growing from his dangers, seldom using a Bed abroad, and having little use of it (as sleeping but four hours a night usually) at home; hardening thereby his body, and knitting his soul. The first Expedition wherein he appeared, was in the Company of the Earls of Essex and Nottingham to Cales, where his great spirit was so impatient of delay, that when it was Voted they should set upon the Town and Ships, he and the Earl of Essex threw up their Caps, and were so forward, that he was Knighted in the Marketplace; where he said, An old Woman with a Stone knocked down the Esquire, and the General commanded him to rise a Knight. His next adventure was with Sir Thomas Vere to Brill, where he bestowed his time in observing the exact way of modern and regular Fortification. His third Expedition was (with Gilbert Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, than Ambassador) to make observation upon the Renowned French King, H. 4. and his Court (the safest and most useful travelling, is in an Ambassadors Company, and the best places to travel in is Holland, to see all the world, and France to see any part of it.) Whence he stepped to see the siege of Amiens so honourably managed by Sir john Baskervile, and Sir Arthur Savage. His fourth sally was (after a Voyage with the Earl of Cumberland, to take the Spanish C●rickes at Porto Rico) with the Northern Ambassadors, the Lord Zouch and Dr. Perkins, to view the strength, Interest, and Alliance of the Danes, Swedes, Muscovians, etc. and upon his return, a short journey after the Earl of Essex, to see the obstructions to, and the benefits of the Conquest of Ireland. And the last Voyage under Queen Elizabeth, was with his Countrymen Sir Richard Leveson, and Sir William Mounson, to take the great Caricke worth 1000000 Crowns, in the very ●ight of the Spanish ●leet, and under their Castle, to the great loss of the Spaniard, but the infinite advantage of the English, who were looked upon now as a people to be feared, not to be invaded; thus diverting the power of Spain, that ever and anon threatened us, to defend its self. Upon King james his arrival, he took a private journey to view the Interests, Rarities, Politics, Magnificences, and the Designs of Italy, to prepare himself with the more advantage to wait on the Earl of Nottingham, in the splendid Embassy to the slow and reserved Court of Spain, whence after a view of the famous siege of Ost●nd● he returned to be one of the Knights of the Bath at the Installation of Charles Duke of York, afterwards King of England. And so during the peaceable Reign of King james, the accomplished Lord settled in Lincolnshire, attended as was occasion, 1. The Parliament with very useful suggestions in the three points he spoke most to, viz. Plantations, Trade, the Draining of the Fens● with other Improvements of our Country and Commodities. 2. The Court upon Solemn times with a grave and exemplary aspect and presence. 3. The Courts of Justice, reckoning the meanest service of Justice (not too low for his Lordship, which was high enough for a King) in his Country with tried Arts of Government, severe proceedings against Idleness and dissoluteness; several ways to employ and enrich his Neighbours, and wholesome orders for the execution of Laws. And 4. appearing at home, sometime at halflight, sometimes like himself, as Affairs required; improving his Estate as formerly, by saving expenses, and gaining experience in travel. So now by Rich Matches, equally advancing his Revenue and Honor. 2. By thrifty management. 3. Noble Traffic, he having learned at Florence and Venice, that Merchandise is consistent with Nobility, and that the Stamel dy is no stain to the Scarlet Robe: and a due improvement of his Estate, with due encouragement to his Tenants, whose thriving was his security as well as honour, and tender regard of his Neighbours; disdaining as much to offer an injury to those beneath him, as he did to receive one from those above him. Such his tenderness of the poor that thronged about his doors, as if his house had been then, what it was formerly, an Hospital, the Neighbour Gentry complaining of him merrily, as Queen Elizabeth did of F. Russel, the second Earl of Bedford, That he made all the beggars: Such the exactness of his pay and word to all he dealt with, On mine Honour, was the best assurance from him in the world. Such the good Government and civility of his Family, a College rather than a Palace, where the Neighbourhood were bred, rather than hired; and taught to command themselves, by serving him. So great his care against Enclosures: Whereas no grass groweth where the Grand Signors horse sets his foot, so nothing but grass grows, where some, rather great than good men set their evil, but powerful eyes: His House-keeping so noble, having his fish (especially Pikes, of which he would say (it being the Water-Tyrant that destroyed more fish than it was worth) that it was the costliest dish at his Table, a dish of more State than Profit) his a Lincoln●shire being the A●●●y of England. Fowl, his Beef, Mutton, Venison, and Corn of his own. So happy his way of ending Controversies among his Neighbours, and consequently so many ways did he serve, support, and sweeten the Government, that he was created Earl of b The third part of Lincolnshire. Lindsey 1626. and after the ill success of the Lord Wimbledon, and the Earl of Essex, and the Duke of Buckingham, as a man reserved for hazards and extremities, he (when all men stood amazed, expecting upon what great Person the Duke's Command at Sea should be conferred) was pitched upon, as Commander in Chief of the Fleet: (making up in Gallantry, Courage and Experience, what he wanted in Presence; his contracted worth was the more vigorous, little Loadstones do in proportion draw a greater quantity of Steel, than those that be far greater, because their Poles are nearer together, and their virtue more united) towards which place Sept. 8. 1628. from Portsmouth, arriving at the Bar of the Haven, with reasonable speed of Wind and Wether, which though fortified by Cardinal richelieu's monstrous Boomes, Chains, and Barracado's, exceeding all Narration and History, he bravely attempted passing the Outworks and Bulwarks, to the very mouth of the Haven, until a cross-winde returned them foul one upon another, from which great dangers and greater service, he brought off the Fleet with a retreat as honourable as Conquest, that the effect of Conduct and Prudence, and this of Fortune. 1630. He was admitted of the most Noble Order of the Garter, and one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy-Council, and in right of his Ancient Family, Lord High Chamberlain of England. 1631. Upon the Trial of a Combat between Donald Rey, and David Ramsey, he was constituted Lord High-Constable of England for the day. 1635. He is Commander in Chief of forty sail, assisted by the Vice Admiral, the Earl of Essex, to secure the Kingdom's Interest, Trade, and Honour in the narrow Seas, against all Pirates and Pretenders that either Invaded our Rights by the c At the Dutch did by Grotius his Ma●e Liberum. Pen, or might encroach upon them with the Sword. And in the years 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641. when he had looked through the whole Plot of the Conspirators on the one hand, and comprehended the gracious Overtures and design of his Majesty on the other; when the Expedients he offered were neglected, the warnings he gave of the consequence of such proceedings slighted, the earnest Arguments he urged publicly and privately were not regarded, and all the Interest and Obligation he had in the Conspirators forgotten; withdrew after his Majesty, that he might not seem to countenance those courses by his presence, which he could not hinder, being not able to stop the Current of the tumults, he was resolved not to seem to approve it: but followed his Royal Master to York to enjoy the freedom of his Conscience; where we find him among other Noble Persons attesting under their hands his Majesty's averseness to War, as long as there was any hope of Peace; and when neither He, nor any of his Loyal Subjects, when neither Law nor Religion, neither Church nor State could be secured from the highest violations and profanations men could offer, or Christians endure without a War, and the King not having his Sword in vain, but drawing it for a terror to evil doers, and an encouragement to them that did well: He, and his Son the Lord Willoughby of Eresby, afterwards Earl of Lindsey, first joined with the rest of the Nobility in a Protestation of their resolution, according to their Duty and Allegiance, to stand by his Majesty in the maintenance of the Established Laws and Religion with their Lives and Fortunes, and accordingly raised the Countries of Lincoln, Nottingham, etc. as his retainers in love and observance, to whom the holding up of his hand was the displaying of a Banner, as other Honourable and Loyal Persons did other parts of England, until his Majesty with an incredible diligence and prudence up and down the Kingdom, discovered to the deluded people his own worth; deserving not only their reverence, but also their Lives and Fortunes; encouraging the good with his discourses, exciting the fearful by his example, concealing the Imper●ections of his Friends, but always praising their virtues, and prevailing upon all, not too guilty or too much debauched, so far as to raise an Army that amazed his Enemies (who had represented him such a Prodigy of Folly and Vice, that they could not imagine any person of Prudence or Conscience would appear in his service, expecting every day when deserted by all as a Monster, he should in Chains deliver himself up to the Commands of the Parliament) and surprised even his Friends, who despaired that ever he should be able to defend their Estates, Lives, or Liberties by a War, who to make his people happy (if they had not despised their own mercies) had (by passing Acts against his own Power to Impress Soldiers, his right in Tonnage and Poundage, the Stannary Courts, Clerk of the Market, the Presidial Court in the North, and Marches of Wales) deprived himself of means to manage, viz. of a Revenue, without which no Discipline in an Army, as without Discipline no Victory by it; and who esteemed it an equal misery to expose his people to a War, and himself to ruin. Yet an Army, by the large Contributions and extraordinary endeavours of this Noble Lord, and other Honourable persons, to be be mentioned in due time, which being under several, who could abide no Equal, as none of them could endure a Superior; having no Chief, or indeed being all Chiefs, the Swarm wanted a Master- 〈◊〉, a Supreme Commander, who should awe them all into obedience. It was observed by Livy, that in the great Battle (the Critical day of the world's Empire) betwixt Hannibal and Scipio, that the Shouts of Hannibal's Army was weak, the voices disagreeing, as consisting of divers I ang●ages; and the shouting of the Romans far more terrible, as being all as one voice. When they, who agreed in few other particulars, conspired in this, that the Earl of Lindsey pitched upon as Lord General of the Army by his Majesty, was an expedient worthy the choice, and prudence of a Prince, to command and train a fresh Army, to credit and satisfy a suspecting people, when they saw the Kings Cause managed by persons of such Integrity, Popularity, and Honour, as they could trust their own with. In which Command, his first service was the drawing up of Articles for Discipline to be observed by the Army, wherein he took care, 1. Of Piety, as the true ground of Prowess. 2. Of Chastity, remembering how Zisca entangled his enem is by commanding so many thousand Women, to cast their Ke●cheifs and Partlets on the ground, wherein the other Army were caught by the Spurs, and ensnared: Little hopes that they will play the Men, who are overcome by Women. 3. Civility, that he might win the Country, in order to the reducing of the Faction; it being sad to raise more enemies by boisterousness in their Marches and Quarters, than they engaged by their Valour in the Field, so increasing daily the many● headed Hydra. 4. Sobriety, without which, he said, the Engagement would prove a Revel, and not a War; and besides the scandal, render the best Army unfit, either for Council or Action, and uncapable of meeting with a sober enemies active designs, much less of carrying on any of their own; so losing the great advantages of war, as G. Adolphus called them, Surprises. Next the Discipline of the Army, he took care of their numbers (a great Army being not easily manageable, and the Commands of the General cool and lose some virtue, in passing so long a journey through so many,) and next, that of their suitableness and agreeableness one with another; and after that, of their order, that they might help one another as an Army, rather than hinder one another as a Crowd; and then their Provision and Pay, that they might not range for Necessaries, when they should fight for Victory. Thirty thousand men, as brave Gonzaga said, thus disciplined, and thus accommodated, are the best Army, as being as good as a Feast, and far better than a Surfeit. In the Head of this Army a foot, with a Pike in his Hand (having trained up his Soldiers by Skirmishes, before he brought them to Battle) he appeared at Edge-hill, Octob. 23. 1642. too prodigal of his Person, which was not only to fill one Place, but to inspire and guide the whole Army. But that it is a Maxim of the Duke of Rouen, That never great person performed great undertaking, but by making war in person; nor failed, but by doing it by his Lieutenants: Here rather oppressed with number, than conquered by prowess, opposing his single Regiment to a whole Brigade, and his Person to a whole Company, after eighteen wounds, passages enough to let out any soul out of a body above sixty, but that great one of the Earl of Lindsey, he was forced to yield himself, first to the numerous Enemies about him, and next day, being hardly used, to the Enemy, Death; his Side winning the day, and losing the Sun that made it. Upon Edgehill the Noble Lindsey did, Whilst Victory lay bleeding by his side. At Edgehill that was true of him and his Countrymen, the Loyal Gentry of Lincolnshire, that was observed of Catiline and his followers. That they covered the same place with their Corpse when dead; where they stood in the Fight, whilst living. This was the Noble Lord, that pursued twelve French Vessels, in his own single one, to their Haven, heated at once with anger and shame. He of whom it is said, that when the Duke of Buckingham returning from the Isle of ●hee, was told by his Majesty, That the neglect of his Relief, must lodge on his friend, and confident Holland. He acknowledged, That indeed he had very affectionately entrusted him in ordinary affairs, but never had him in such an esteem, as to second him in arms, that place being more proper for my Lord of Lindsey; whose judgement of that expedition was, that it was Friendship in Earnest, and War in jest. He, who when all men were amazed at the Duke's fall, was assigned his successor: And certainly, saith one there present, he was a man of no likely Presence, but of considerable experience by his former Expeditions; and one that to the last of his life made good his Faith with gallantry and courage, notwithstanding his ill success (the time's fate rather than his. Heros (O Stratiarcha) tuo qui funere vitam, Expiraturi renovas nefunere regni (Vt cum sanguinco sol declinavere axe; Clarior ego ful●or succedit olympo, Inter mavortis densut a tonitrua, quanti Cordis erat; majore ferens quam ment ferini Par Decio sacrum occumbens generale, Cadendi Certus, at occasu recidivi certior ortus: Confirmans Acts Pompeii Dicta Britannis. Nunc opus est ut stem, non est opus ipse superstem Solus erat clypeus virtus; Haec Aegide major, Enecuit totas etiam sine Gorgone turmas; Busta Polymniadis nostri sed Palma Coronat Dumque jacet victus victrici morte triumphant: Sic ubi succumbunt arces, saevitur in omnes Subjectos ubicuuque lares, spargantque ruinam. Exemplo tamen usque viget; Dux ante secundi jam belli Genius, devoto in milite pugnax: Quip animant manes sociorum Corda; viroque Mens uno vixit, vivit, nunc umbra viri itim. THE Life and Death Of the Right Honourable, MONTAGUE, Earl of LINDSEY, Son and and Heir of ROBERT, Earl of LINDSEY. LOve is as strong as Death, both when it descends, as it was in the Duke of chastilions Case, who ventured his own life through twenty thousand men to rescue his Son; and this noble Lord, who observing his great Father, like to be lost in a Crowd, rather than an Army, took with him not so many as he desired, but so many as he could find about him, either to rescue the noble Lord, or to perish with him; made an attempt worthy his Relation and Cause, through three thousand men, wherein, when he could not save his dear Father, he was taken with him, and after his death so valued by his Majesty, that he sent a Trumpet immediately to exchange him for the Lord Saint-iohns', Earl of Bullingbrook; and so esteemed on by the enemy, O●e ●●ssage ●onte●ni●g him 〈◊〉 very remarkable, vice That a 〈◊〉 being maintained by ●is Sequestered Lo●d, and upon s●me trouble of conscience, offering 〈…〉 what he had ●●●ten by it; had this answer, That if he was so conscious as to make restitutor o●, he would be so ●oble as to give it h●●, being as willing to maintain a good work, as th●se that Sequestered him. that they would not part with him for all their Prisoners taken by his Majesty; so true was that observation of his Majesty, That he ●ought Gold to Dirt. His education happy, as he used to observe himself, in six things 1. The example of a wise and good Father. 2. The Learning and Experience of discreet and knowing Tutors, whom he mentioned with no less honour than Aristotle was remembered by Alexander, who equalled him that gave him Education, with his Father that gave him Being; or his Master, by Augustus, who gave him so honourable an Interment; or his Tutor, by M. Antonius, who erected him a Statue; or Ausonius, by Gratian, who made him Consul. 3. Travel and Observation, which fixed those notions in his mind, that lay so loose in others. 4. Hardship and Patience, to which he was used in a way of choice, when he traveled abroad; that he might use it in a way of necessity, if there were occasion at home. 5. Good and useful Company, generally above, seldom beneath himself; knowing that gold in the same Pocket with silver, loseth both of its colour and weight. 6. An Inquisitive Nature, not contented with the superficial and narrow notions others acquiesced in, from Tradition and Authors, but with a large soul, enquiring after such an account of things, as was derived immediately and genuinely from the nature of the things themselves. Happy in observing that rule 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 remember to distrust, and wishing heartily for a system of principles, gathered by observation and experience upon the system of nature. The result of these and other advantages, was a competent skill in Arts (especially Philosophy, Mathematics, Physic, and the two parts belonging to it, Chirurgery and Botanism; or a great skill and insight in Herbs and Flowers) and Arms; this accomplishing him for public Service, and the other being the satisfaction and ornament of his private Life; the one being gained by experience in the Low-Country Wars, where he learned in the time of our peace, what rendered him serviceable in the time of our war; the other by severe study, weighing observations and good discourse. His converse gave the world a singular pattern of harmless and inoffensive mirth, of a nobleness, not made up of fine clothes and Courtship; a sweetness and familiarity, that at once gained love, and preserved respect; a grandeur and nobility safe in its own worth, not needing to maintain itself by a jealous and morose distance; the confirmed goodness of his youth, not only guarding his mind from the temptation to vice, but securing his same too from the very suspicion of it. So outstripping in wisdom, temperance, and fortitude, not only what others did, but even what they wrote, being as good in reality as in pretence; to which he added this unusual glory, that since there was but a small partition between the Kings of Iudas beds and the Altar, through which, they said, David had a secret passage; arguing the nearness there should be between Religion and Honour, and that the Cross was an ornament to the Crown, and much more to the Coronet; he satisfied not himself with the bare exercise of Virtue, but he sublimated it, and made it Grace. As he understood himself well, so he did his Estate, being taught to manage it before he enjoyed it; being none of those soft Noblemen, who if they were, as one was by his Father, to tell all the money they spent, would as he did retrench their expenses, that they might save themselves a labour. Good Husbandry, as Bishop Andrews said, was good Divinity, and as this Nobleman practised it, good Nobility. Improving his Estate to double the value of that on the other side the Hedge of it, saying, Those were not times for Noblemen to impoverish themselves, that they might enrich their Tenants. Foreseeing greater occasions for his Estate, than the superfluity of Hospitality, or the vanity of many Followers, viz. the supplying of his Prince, the relieving of worthy fellow Subjects, and an honourable provision for the several very hopeful branches of his numerous Family. He raised his Rents, as plenty of money in the kingdom raised Commodities, knowing that the humour of letting Rents stand still, as our Forefathers left them, was but the ready way to be cast behind in the Estate we have, whilst all things we buy go on in price; his Rents quickened, but did not gall his Tenants, his Enclosures without depopulation; which he detested were injurious to none, (the poor having considerable allotments for their common-age, & the free and Lease-holders' a proportionable share in the Enclosures) beneficial to many. (The Monarch of one Acre which he may mould to his own convenience, being likely to make more profit of it, than if he had a share in forty) and consequently useful for the Commonwealth. And as much prudence we observe in his Education of his Relation, as we did in the managing of his Estate, all of them like the Ottoman Emperors, being bred to employments that may save, if not improve their Estates and honour. It is a sad story which one tells, viz. That when he was beyond Sea, and in a part of France adjoining to Artoise, he was invited often to the House of a noble Personage, who was both a great Soldier and an excellent Scholar; and one day above the rest, as we sat in an open and goodly Gallery at Dinner, a young English Gentleman, who desirous to travel, had been in Italy and many other places, happened to come to this house; and (not so well furnished with return home as was fitting) desired entertainment into his service. My Lord, who could speak as little English as my Countryman French, bade him welcome, and demanded by me of him what he could do: For I keep none (said he) but such as are commended for some good quality or other, and I give them good allowance; some an hundred, some sixty, some fifty Crowns by the year: and calling some about him (very Gentlemen like, as well in their behaviour as Apparel; This (said he) rides and breaks my great Horses, this is an excellent Lutinist, this a good Painter and Surveyor of Land, this a passing Linguist and Scholar, who instructeth my Sons, etc. Sir, (quoth the young man) I am a Gentleman born, and can only attend you in your Chamber, or wait upon your Lordship abroad. See (quoth Mounsieur de Lignitor, so was his name) how your Gentry of England are bred, that when they are, or want means, in a strange Country, they are brought up neither to any quality to prefer them, nor have they so much as the Latin Tongue to help themselves withal. That worth he bred up his relations, to be loved and countenanced in all men, being a great Patron of useful Learning and Ingenuity, that was either likely to be serviceable to the State or Church; or honourable to the Persons that owned it. He was of opinion, that as some Physicians when they are posed with a mongrel Disease, drive it on set purpose into a Fever, that so knowing the kind of the Malady, they may the better apply the Cure; so it would not be amiss to let the unreasonable discontents of men whom nothing would satisfy (all concessions to the tumultuary being like drink in a great heat, and likely to inflame the thirst it should quench, break into open Rebellion, hoping it more feizable to quench the fire when it blazeth out, than when it smoked and smothered. Accordingly, when his sober advices would not be harkened to in Parliament, he with other young Noblemen, as Commissioners of Array, raised an Army in the Northern Countries that might back them in the Field; but being taken (as aforesaid) Oct. 23. 1642. at Edge-hill, he was detained Prisoner till Aug. 11. 1643. when he returned to his Majesty to Oxford, where he was extraordinarily welcome, the rather, because he had made so good use of his Imprisonment (like the Primitive Prisoners, converting his Gaolers) that several Lords and Gentlemen immediately followed him, being convinced by him, that as long as they stayed in London, they were in Chains as well as he. At Oxford his Majesty liked his Proposals, as weighty and provident, both in the Parliament there, whereof he was a Member, and the Council, whereof he was a great part: all men approved his Expedients in order to an Accommodation, having a great insight into the temper of those at London, and to the particular ways at all times most likely to work with them. And none can be ignorant of his dexterity in the several Commands he undertook at Newbury, and Naseby, especially in both which places he discovered a great reach in observing advantages, and a greater in decoying the Enemy into them; being the steerage that day to Sir jacob Ashleyes' Courage and Resolution, with whom he Commanded the Right-hand Reserve. His prudence was as intent in reconciling the differences at Oxford in order, the forming of an united strength against the Enemy, as Providence is in accommodating the disagreements of the Elements into a body that makes up the world. But when it pleased God, that the King and his Friends should see that the best Cause was to be rendered glorious by great Defeats and Misfortunes, rather than by great Victories; and when the King's Friends were divided in their Counsels as well as in their Forces, wanting that Peace and Agreement, which is the only Comfort, and Relief of the oppressed, and, which makes them considerable, even when despoiled of Arms, by imputing (as it useth to be in unhappy Counsels) the Criminous part of their Misfortunes to one another. When the King's Overtures of Peace (that argued him equal to himself under all the messages of ruins, from each corner of the Nation like the fall of the dissolved world) though applauded by the people that desired only Peace and Liberty, were neglected by the Faction, who aimed at Conquest and Usurpation, and his Majesty was forced in a disguise (an ominous Cloud before the setting of the Royal Sun) to engage his very Enemies by extraordinary Trust and Confidence in them; His Lordship, with the Duke of Richmond, etc. yielded up himself to the Army, which after a considerable Imprisonment, admitted him in the years 46, 47, and 48, to Negotiate Overtures of Peace on each side, by his great Moderation, Prudence, and Interest, and (when these proved unsuccesseful with those, who as it is said of a French Rebel, had drawn their Swords against their King, and so thrown away their Scabbards, being capable of no accommodation, because not secure from the guilt of their former Crimes, but by committing greater, to cut off those they had acted against, being guided by this Maxim, We must kill those from whom in justice we can expect nothing but Execution) to Composition, paying near 7000 l. at first, besides what was af●ter (penalty upon penalty was the common false Heraldry of those upstart oppressors) squeezed from him by Decimations, etc. and the constant restraint as it were of his Person all the years, from 46, to 60, being but a great Paroule of fourteen years; in which time how magnanimous was he in unwearied Overtures of Concessions, Requests, Arguments, Conjurations, threatenings, particular and infinite Applications; and a ransom too for his dear Master's Life; yea, offering even himself, as being one of the prime Ministers of the King's commands as an hostage for him, and if the Conspirators must needs be fed with blood, to suffer in his stead, for whatever he had done amiss: and when they chose rather to take away his Majesty's life, than beg their own; and the most impetuous passion of Ambition having swallowed the hopes of Empire, carried them headlong to remove his Majesty, that they might Enthrone themselves. How piously did he and his, many pious relations that made his place a Cloister, rescent the Parricide, and the consequents of it, giving up themselves to the extrraordinary Devotions, in the despised and afflicted way of the Church of England, communicating where ever they were, only with the Members of that Church to the honour whereof, and of baffled piety, and virtue its self, I cannot conceal, though I offend unpardonably against her modesty, when I mention a a The Lady Sophia, wise to Sir R. Chawo●seth. Sister of his that composeth her soul more carefully by God's word, than others do their faces by their Glasses: Spends that time in praying (keeping inviolably all the Primitive hours of Devotion) that is thrown away too commonly in dressing, gaming, and complementing: and bestow her thoughtful and serious Life between the strictest fasting (but one sparing Meal in thirty six hours, and not so much upon extraordinary occasions) the most Liberal Alms both to the sick, and to the needy, bountiful both in her Skill, and in her Charity; Indefatigable reading serious discourses, and constant prayers. How prudently did he supply his Majesty and his Friends, and by a discreet Correspondence, when he could not reclaim; yet he moderated the extravagancies of the times, which had overturned all things past the remedy of a Restauration, if the extreme violence of some men had not been seasonally allayed and corrected by the sober Applications and Interests of others. Heartily did he wish well to the least design and attempt for Loyalty and Liberty: but wisely did he observe that unsuccessful practices against any Government, settle it, the Bramble of usurpation as well as the Oak being more fixed and rooted by being shaken. All Governments making use of real dangers, and when they want them, of feigned ones, to improve their Revenues, and increase their Guards. But it is not to be forgotten, that when he could not prevail for the Life of his Sovereign, he with other Honourable Persons procured Orders, and made provisions for, and gave attendance on his Funeral, reserving himself by his wary proceedings in his Master's cause, for the fittest opportunity of his service, being not all the time of the Usurpation actually restrained from his pursuit of the Royal Cause, but once 1655. by manning's Treason, being sure, as he would say, That if none betrayed him on the other side of the water, none should on this; when with the Lords, Maynard, Lucas, Peter, Sir jeffrey Palmer, Sir Richard Wingfield, etc. he was committed to the Tower upon suspicion, and as it proved, but the bare suspicion of what they called High-Treason. In which course he persisted until it pleased God by divers Revolutions to open a way for the Lord General to settle the Nation in a way most suitable to his own prudent and wary Rules, with whom he entered into a very strict and entire Friendship, continuing through the correspondency of their discreet and generous tempers to his death; the General advising with him about his Majesty's Reception, and other Affairs of very great consequence, and being admitted at the same time with him one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy-Council, Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, etc. Commander of a Regiment in the Army, till it was disbanded; one among many other Noblemen of the Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer, for the Trial of the late King's Murderers, one of the most Honourable Order of the Garter, 16 April 1661. appearing at his Majesty's Coronation one of the first subjects in England in capacity of Lord High Chamberlain of England, and upon all other occasions in Court, Parliament, and Country carrying himself as a wise man, an ancient Nobleman, as a good Patriot, and a Loyal Subject till he died 1665. at Kensington, leaving this Character behind him, that as the Red Rose, though outwardly not so fragrant, yet is inwardly more Cordial than the Damask; so the most excellent Persons virtues are more inwardly solid between God and their own souls, than outwardly vaunting in the sight of men; he being as plain in his soul, as he was in his garb, which he resolved should be proud of him, rather than he of it. Hic jacet Montacutius Comes Lindseiae, etc. Magnus Angliae Camerarius A Sanctioribus consilii Carolo Primo puriter & Secundo Regii ordinis Periscellidis Socius; titulis magnus, virtutibus major; comunis amor olim communius jam damnum nisi post se reliquisset maxima duo, nempe haeredem & exemplum. 1666. THE Lives and Deaths Of four Sufferers of The Honourable House of RICHMOND. I. Of the Right Honourable, GEORGE Lord D'AUBIGNEY. Xerxes' viewing his vast Army from an high place all at a sight, is said to weep at the thought, that within an hundred years all those would be mowed down with death. What man, having in one view the great number of brave Persons that lost their Lives in this War, can refrain the mingling of his tears with their blood? Certainly young State-reformers like young Physicians, should with the first Fee for their practice, purchase a new Churchyard. What Erasmus said of his Countrymen the Germans, that I may see of our party the Cavaliers, Nobiles habent pro hominibus, that they had Noblemen, as thick as the other party had men. Insomuch, that had the War lasted a little longer, the Ladies of England must have been in the same condition with the Gentlewomen in Champagne in France, who some 350. years since were forced to marry Yeomen or Farmers, because all the Nobility in that Coun● yet were slain in the Wars, in the two Voyages of King Lewis to Palestine: and thereupon ever since by Custom and Privilege the Gentlewomen of Champaign and Brye, ennoble their Husbands, and give them honour in marrying them, how mean so ever before. George Lord Aubigney, younger Brother to the Duke of Richmond, born 1615. in London, bred for the most part in France, owing his Education to that Country, whence he had that he was bred for, his Honour, the Lordship of Aubigny, a Town and Seignory, adorned with many privileges, an ample territory, and a beautiful Castle, in the Province of Berry in France; bestowed by Charles the sixth, on Robert the second Son of Alan Stuart, Earl of Lenox in Scotland, for his many signal Services against the English, and was till of late, and it's hoped will be the honorary title and possession of the second branch of that Noble and Illustrious Family, hence called by the name of Lords of Aubigny. A Person whose life was nought else but serious preparations for death, his younger apprehensions, when living, being of the mature with the oldest men's thoughts; when dying, well knowing that his extraction and conditions, ●●ould be as little excuse from strict expectations of his latter end, ●s they could be none from the summons to it; the Series of his li●● carried with it such an awe of God, and sense of true Piety and religion, as clearly evinced he had strong and habituated Meditations of that Levelling Day, wherein the highest stands on the same ground with the meanest. Religion was not then thought a stain 〈◊〉 honour, and the minding of heaven, the business only of those who had nothing to do on earth: A person, that had so much the character of Titus, The delight of mankind, that he was born to conquer by love; and could he but have been heard to speak, he need not. Pretty was the return he made, when dissuaded from Embarking himself in the best cause in the world; I would have all those that refuse serving in this War, served as they that were backward ●o engage in the Holy War, to each of whom was sent a Spindle and Distaff, the upbrading ensigns of their softness and effeminacy; the delicacy of our mould and make, (speaking of Noblemen) the quickness of our spirits, the sprightliness of our faculties, the exact proportion of our parts, the happiness of our address, the accomplishments of our persons, the soundness of our constitutions, and it may be, whatever a His opinion is th●● souls were equal. Aristotle thought, the difference of our souls, the happiness of our opportunities, (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) and Mithridates called Occasion, the Mother of all affairs. And in fine, our being born happy, and as the Panegyrist of Constantine Enrolled in the list of Felicity, as soon as of Nature, engageth us to do so much more than others, as we are more than others. The hardest temptation he ever found against virtue, was a kind of blush and shame in the owning of it; with much regret reflecting on men's glorying in their shame, and being ashamed of their glory. But I thank God (he would say) I can undergo the bloudless martyrdom of a Blush; and the greatest help to it, resolution; business taking up all the parts of time, and the workings of a restless mind; temperance and sobriety, seriousness and patience, consideration and circumspection (according to the Duke of Bavares Motto and Medal; prudence with a Balance in her hand, Know, Choose, Execute, quickly) and which included all, a mean or moderation: My Lord being very much pleased with the story of the French King, who one day enquiring of an experienced man, how to govern himself and his kingdom, had a large sheet of Paper presented to him, with this one word instead of the many precepts he looked for: Modus, a Mean. His good example, had pressed many to the service of virtue when it flourished (when the war broke out, he was told by a b Master Stroud, whose Speech most provoked him. prevailing Member, that the Scots must be kept in Arms to awe the English, as long as the Sons of Zeruiah were too hard for the well-affected) engaged as many to the service of it, when afflicted; for with three hundred Gentlemen, worth near 300000 l. he came to assist his Majesty, marching along with him till he came to Edge-hill, where come in to the succour of the Lord General, it's a question whether was more remarkable, his conduct or courage, his followers being so advantageously placed, that every particular man performed eminent service, (to borrow a few words belonging to the courage of the English in the battle of Newport 1600. to express the valour of these Gentlemen in the battle of a Called so, because it was fought near a Village called Keinton in Warwickshire. Keinton.) Et fere nemo in illis Cohortibus, vel ordine, vel animo ante vulgus ●uit, quem non dies iste sicuti virtute, sic teste virtutis vulnere Insignivit. Himself persisting in the Fight, though most of his party were dead round about him, till his blood, more Royal now (that it was shed for one good King, than that it was extracted from many great ones) issuing out at twelve wounds, left him weak indeed, but not spiritless, his soul loath to withdraw, not only when the party it commanded, but also when the body it lived in deserted it: In which condition he was carried to Abingdon, and thence, when dead, not long after to Christ-Church in Oxford, where he was buried with as many sighs, as blasted hopefulness and expectation is attended with; there being not a sadder sight, next the public Calamities, than to see a great virtue accomplished by industry and observation, by a sudden and surprising stroke, made useless to others but in the example, and to himself, as to any employment in this world, besides the sitting of him for a better. Leaving behind him, First, An b Daughter ●o the R. Hon. the ●arl of Suffolk. honourable Lady, that espousing his Quarrel, as well as his Cause, like Dame Margaret Dimocke (wife to Sir john Dimocke, who in King Richard's time came to the Court, and claimed the place to be the King's Champion, by virtue of the Tenure of her Manor of Scrinelby in Lincolnshire, to Challenge and Defy all such as opposed the Kings Right to the Crown) appearing with a spirit equal to her Relations, and above her Sex (if there be any Sex in souls) in her heroic expressions upon her dear Lords death, in a Letter to Archbishop Laud, dated jan. 2. I Confess I cannot as yet be so much myself, as to overcome my passion; though I know my Lord died in a just and honourable action, and that I hope his soul finds; which consideration is the only satisfaction of, Your Grace's humble Servant, Kath. Aubigney. Secondly, In her Noble Attempts: First, in venturing to settle a correspondency between London and Oxford; and then carrying the King's Commission of Array in her own person, to several Lords and Gentlemen of both Houses, and Citizens, made beforehand to seize into their Custody the King's Children, some of the pretended Members, the wrong Lord Mayor, and Committee of the Militia, the City Outworks and Forts, the Tower of London, and all the Magazines, letting in the King's Forces; and this to be begun by Tumults to be raised about unreasonable Taxes, imposed without authority; with many other noble erterprises, so like her illustrious husband, that her character is as deeply inlaid in his, as Phidias his Picture was in that of Minerva. Hic jacet pudor, venust●s, invictus animus & quicquid uspiam est, aut dotum, aut virtutum unico Inclusum Aubigney in quo vix aliud humanum erat nist quod natus sit, & mortuus licet vel sic mori, est esse Immortalem; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nobili quo vixit sanguinis Purpura, & nobiliori quem fudit. Alii diutius vitam tenuerunt nemo tam fortiter Reliquit. THE Life and Death OF JOHN, Lord STUART. Acts 22. 22. Heb. 11. 38. The wicked jews said of St. Paul. Away with such a fellow from the earth, for it is not fit that he should live. St. Paul said of the godly jews. Of whom the world was not worthy. AN Ingenious Person (in a Dedicatory Epistle to the Illustrious Esme Stuart Duke of Richmond, the most hopeful Son and Heir of james Duke of Richmond, of whom more hereafter) descants on these words thus. Here I perceive heaven and hell, mercy and malice, God's spirit and Man's spite, resolved on the question, that it is not fit that good men should live long on earth: the same conclusion being bottomed upon different premises. Wicked men think this world too good, God knoweth it too bad for his people to live in. Henceforward I shall not wonder that good men die so soon, but that they live so long, since wicked men desire their Room here upon Earth, and God their Company in Heaven; and that this young Nobleman so soon exchanged his Coronet for a Crown. A Nobleman of happy and assiduous Studies, not in Plays and Romances, the follies of good Wits, but in the disquisition of solid and masculine knowledge; as if he, as well as Philostratus had been born a Man, and his soul known no Childhood; never did vice in youth find a more confirmed goodness, so impregnable was he against the temptations, that gain easy access to those of his rank and quality, that they could neither insinuate into him by their allurements, nor force him by their importunities; securing both his mind from the infection of vice, and his same from the suspicion. A Nobleman being to think of himself, as Caesar did of his Wi●e; that others may live so as not to be condemned, but he so as not to be suspected; his virtue was not his stupidity or heaviness, but his choice, when he could have been as handsomely and takingly vicious, as he was virtuous; the severe exercises of his virtues being mingled with such charms from his parts and ingenuity, that his very seriousness was as alluring as others divertisements and pleasures. A quick and piercing Apprehension, a faithful and reten●tive Memory, a sprightful and active Fancy, and a Judgement overruling them all; neither prejudicated by vulgar opinions, nor easily cozened by varnished and plausible error; that deserved to live the ornament of better times, and to die engaging against those vices, that were the shame of these. There are a sort of Apes in India, thus caught by the Natives. They dress a little Boy in his sight, and undress him again, leaving all the Child's Apparel behind them in the place and then depart a competent distance. The Ape presently attireth himself in the same garments, till the Child's clothes become his Chains, putting off his Feet, by putting on his shoes. The mimical Dotterels of Lincolnshire are thus taken. As the Fowler stretcheth forth his arms and legs, going towards the Bird, the Bird extendeth his legs and wings approaching the Fowler, till surprised in the Net. The sweet carriage, and exemplary virtue, which he exercised really towards some of the Faction, brought them to comply with him so far, at least in pretence a while, that at last they were his Converts in truth. His valour conquering many, his goodness more: souls yielding to his virtues, while bodies only lay prostrate before his Sword. Of all his virtues his patience was the most re●markable, whereby he hardened his body to the same temperament, that travel had done his soul, he knew no bed for several times, but that earth he sleeps on now; and Pulvinar was a true Latin word for his Pillow, ●afraid of softness even in his Furni●ture; not willing to go to any Bed, but that people had in those times, when the Proverb rise, which expresseth lying a Bed by these words, Lying in Straw. And this patience born up by a principle as noble as itself, I mean a Religion, made up of these two great parts, Love and Imitation of God. This noble person being of that brave Opinion, That of so many divers Religions and man●ners of serving God, which are or may be in the world, they seem to be the most noble, and to have the greatest appearance of truth, which draw the soul into its self; and cause it by pure contemplation to admire, love, adore, dwell with, imitate, and enjoy the infinite Majesty of God (the first cause of all things, and the Essence of Essences) acknowledge it in general, without the nicety of particulars, to be goodness, perfection, in●●uiteness, wholly incomparable. This is to approach the Religion of Angels, and the Humanity of Christ, that shadow agreeing with the Divinity, as equal-made Dial's with the Sun: For his winged and soaring reason as high as theirs, that pretend nothing above it, acquiesced rather in the humble obedience of faith, than in the critical researches of curiosity. And his sprightly wit, bestowed itself not in jesting upon, but in adorning and obeying Religion, being none of them that commence wit by blasphemy, and cannot be ingenious, but by being impious. Indeed there was as manly a a beauty in his carriage, as in his Face; and a grace in each of his actions, as of his Limbs; charming all places he came to, rather than conquering them; having as generous a confluence of Noble Endowments in his Mind, as he had of Noble Blood in his Veins. Worth this (like a rich vein of Ore, that forfeits the land it is in to his Majesty) that rendered him too good to be enjoyed by us. For when it was necessary for him, otherwise born for the sweetness and calm of peace, to offer violence to, and deny his nature, to perform his duty, in assisting that Majesty, to which he was allied, as well as obliged, in the defence of that Law and Liberty which his Ancestors had established, as much his Inheritance as his Honour; after several actions, by which he shall ever live the pattern of a religious, sober, active, watchful, and resolved Soldier, he came to that wherein he died, the pattern of an excellent man; for following my Lord Hopton, as ambitious to observe his conduct, as he was to attain his other great virtues, at Brandonheath, or Cheriton-down, near Alesford in Hampshire, the Army standing ready to receive Sir William Waller, and observing he had the advantage of a hill, my Lord saying, That he lay so there, that he did but tempt them to beat him; commands a a It's very observable, that he drew Hazlerigge and others into a disadvantageous Engagement in the Devizes, by his provoking and tempting For●orn. Vanguard of Light Horse up the hill, with such brave resolution, that he gained it, and that quickly, rather because he supposed it only a show of the enemy to amuse us, while he stole his main body away. (In the mean time discreetly composing a difference arising in the command and service, the bane generally of the King's affairs, with these two words, Let us dispute the main with the enemy, and we shall have time enough to dispute punctilios among ourselves) and finding them possessed of another, after a pause whether he should follow them, considering the thick Hedges and Bushes, wherein they were set, ordering a Party to skirt those Hedges and Bushes, he followed directly to gain a commodious hollow that lay between them, where many a gallant man had his Grave, not daunted with the fall of two horses under him, nor with six wounds given, and the death of near five hundred men round about him, till like the Phoenix and the World, he expired in his brave heat and fire, March 29. 1644. and besides the Monument in each heart that knew him, had one by his Brother in Christ-Church Chappel in Oxford. Fratres Amiclaeis, Pollux Castorque! (O utinam reversis sortibus, vicissim uterque utriusque morte vivereret) vos uno mors perimit funere. Quam nec vis, nec vi potentior virtus, nec egregia Indoles movit, nec regis vota, nec regni. In quibus coalvit juncta Marti Venus vis gladii magna, & formae, major. Caroli & Rosae, & Leones! THE Life and Death Of the Right Honourable, BERNARD Lord STUART, Earl of Litchfield. IT is hard for a Physician to prescribe proper Physic to such a Patient who hath a hot Liver, and a cold Stomach, because what is good for the one, is nought for the other; and it was hard for a Nobleman to give satisfaction to the Critical temper of those times: if he took his liberty in a Jovial conversation, he was a scandal to his own party; if he re●strained it by a strict carriage, he was looked on as the most dangerous Enemy against the Faction. Some of the King's Friends came as their example, eating and drinking, and behold, cry they of the hot temper, Gluttons and Winebibbers; some came fasting, behold cry they of the Cool thoughts, they have a Devil. This excellent Lord being of the last number, and (having as great command of himself by temperance, as he had over others by Commission) was as much the object of the Factions envy, as men of another Genius (miserably enslaved by their lusts before they were vanquished by the enemy) were of their scorn. The youngest Brother of five in this Noble Family that served his Majesty, and of three that died for him; whose young and bashful virtues, (like the unripe and blushing glories of the Rose) lying close and shut till the Sun and Majesty called them out, and Maiden accomplished, men walking up and down in their vail, yet have left these instructions to mankind, that they have Parents Parricidas, who leave their Children by their pains great Estates, and by their carelessness mean understanding, the one being a constant blemish and reproach to the other; besides, that a full Estate not seasoned with Learning and Piety, hath nothing grows on it besides Lust and Vanity, as a fat heap of muck produceth nothing but weeds and trash; as we see good ground grow mossy and barren for want of culture, sow observe good wits grow more vicious than those of less hope and pregnancy. The happiness of having the minds and manners of Children form and seasoned, while they are pliant and ductile, before licence break out into Pride and Luxury, before Lust groweth headstrong and intractable, while they are a rusatabula, tender trees and capable of shaping, omnium hominum gravida est anima, said Philo, and want Masters, as Midwives, to shape and fashion the Offspring of them. The advantage of living according to the Hebrew Proverb, before a great eye (even the eye in the Sceptre and Wheel) always wakeful upon our actions, a strict ear always attentive on our words; an indefatigable hand; ever writing the account of our works; a severe Cato, constantly attending our performances. a Maxima par● peccatorum tolletur sed peccatorum testii as●●deat. The way to improvement is in each action to aim at excellency, he that aims at heaven will shoot high, that man will fail at last that alloweth himself one remiss and careless thought; especially great Persons, who like the great Luminaries step not amiss, but all people gaze at them; the least spot and mote in them being as visible as those in the Sun and other Lights that represent them, and their infirmities are as visible as King Ozias his Leprosy which was in his forehead; and so between great thoughts of honour, and ingenious Sentiments of shame are under the happy necessity of doing well, because they have not the convenience of doing ill: which necessity by holy thoughts may in time be ratified and sublimated into choice, apart from all respects, as those Lights we mention, shined when there were no Spectators. A full Theatre raiseth any man's thoughts; it should the Noblemen, besides that, the ●oil sets off the Diamond, and greatness illustrates goodness, it being the triumph of virtue, as Plato said, to have sin in power, and virtue in will. These are the observations resulting from this Noble Persons virtues, as so many beams from a great Light. A person cast into the troubles of the times, almost as early as the german Children used to be thrown into the streams of the Rhine, to see how well they could wade, as they tried how well they could swim. A person humble in greatness, sober in plenty, temperate in opportunities, moderate in excesses, calm in the midst of Affairs and business, uniform and equal in vicissitudes; that like Regio Montanus, chained all the Butterflies of appetites and thoughts, that could do what he would, and would do nothing but what he should: that in the greatest occasions of evil, showed the greatest reflections of good. The truly great man in St. Bernard, Cui faelici●as arrisit, non irrisit; on whom Fortune smiled, but deceived him not; he enjoying the satisfactions of a Votary in the midst of the pleasures of the Court, whose glory and virtue fed on bitter afflictions, as the Sun doth on Salt-waters; and might have used Lewis the XII. Impress, Inter eclipses Exorior. A person Noble, not by enjoying greatness, but by despising it. Quanta felicitas inter delicias pariter & ruinas mundi erectum stare, one that husbanded time so well, that even when young in years, was old in hours, and had age in his thoughts; the first whereof were so wise when young, that they needed not old, or seconds. Having a reposed nature, happy in a sober heat, moderate desirest and orderly, though quick imaginations, with all the advantages of age, without any of its infirmities, able to judge as well as to imagine, to advise as well as execute, and as fit for settled busisiness, as for new Projects. Having summed together those Experiences by reading, which he could not by living, to direct him in old Affairs, and not abuse him in new emergencies. Free from the errors of youth (neither embracing more than he could hold, nor stirring more than he could quiet, nor flying to the end without consideration of the means and designs, nor using extreme remedies, nor prone to innovations, nor easily pursuing a few principles he chanced on, nor uneasily retracting the errors he fell into) and the mistakes of age, as consulting too long, objecting too much, adventuring too little, repenting too soon, and seldom driving business home to the full Periods, but sitting down with mediocrity of success. Whereby he enjoyed the favour and popularity of youth, and the Authority of age; the virtues of both ages in him corrected the defects of either, acting as a man of age, and learning as a young man. This Incomparable Person being obliged in youth to hazard his life in the behalf of those excellent Constitutions of this Kingdom, which he hoped to be happy under when ancient, and willing with his blood to maintain what his Ancestors with their blood had won; saying, That a small courage might serve a man to engage for that cause; the ruin whereof no courage would serve him to survive. The King when it was visible that he could not have an honourable and a just Peace without a War, having not so much care to raise an Army (the Nobility and Gentry, who saw nothing between them and ruin, but his Majesty's Wisdom, Justice, and Power flowing upon him) as to dispose of it under equal commands, his own Troop consisting of 120 Persons of Eminent Quality, worth above 150000 a year, were entrusted with the Lord Bernard Stuart, a Person suitable to the Command (as it is said in our Chronicles of Edward of Caernarvon) because one of themselves, who having disciplined them with two or three german Soldiers direction to the exactest Model, led them like himself valiantly and soberly after Sir Arthur aston's Dragoons, to perform as the first, so the best charge that was performed that day, clearing the lined hedges, so as to open a way to Sir Faithful Fortescue and his Troop to come over to his Majesty, and to pursue the Enemy with great slaughter for half a mile, until he observed the Lieutenant General Willmot worsted, and his Majesty's Foot left naked; to whose rescue he came, joining with Prince Rupert, with whom he drew towards his Majesty with a noble account of his Charge, with whom (having taken care of his wounded Brother disposed of to Abington, and jan. 13. following, solemnly Interred at Oxon) he marched to Aino, Banbury, Oxford, Reading, Maidenhead, Col●brooke, and Brentford, where he managed the King's Majesty his Retreat and March, with exceeding Conduct and Resolution, as he did the excellent Services imposed upon him. 1. Near Litchfield, whence afterwards he was made Earl of Litchfield, 1644. 2. Before Marleborough, where he won three Posts, lost two Horses, and between thirty and forty ounces of blood. 3. And in Newbury second Fight, Sept. 24. 1645. when the Earl of Essex his Horse pressed so hard upon the Kings, that they gave way in disorder, until this Noble Lord came in to the relief of Col. Legge, as he had come just before to the rescue of Sir Humphrey Bennet, and fell upon the Enemy's Flank so dexterously and successful that he routed them, with the lose of several of their Officers, and a multitude of the common Soldiers. 4. And in Rowton-heath near Chester, where when the King was overpowered by Poyntz and jones, this Lord managed his Retreat to the amazement of all that saw him, till he fell the last of the three illustrious Brothers of this Family, that died Martyrs to this great Cause, wherein it was greater honour to be conquered, than it was on the other side to conquer. Causa victrix diis placuit victa Catoni. Pro Patria si dulce mori, si nobile vinci, vivere quam laet●m est, vincere quantus honos! THE Life and Death OF LUCIUS CARY, Viscount Faulkland. A Brace of accomplished men, the Ornaments and Supports of their Country, which they served with no less faithfulness and prudence in their Negotiations abroad, than honour and justice in their Places at home: Of such a stock of Reputation as might kindle a generous emulation in strangers, and a noble ambition in those of their own Family. Henry Cary, Viscount Faulkland in Scotland, Son to Sir Edward Cary, was born at Aldnam in Hertfordshire, being a most accomplished Gentleman, and a complete Courtier. By King james he was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland, and well discharged his Trust therein: But an unruly Colt will fume and chafe (though neither switched nor spurred) merely because backed. The Rebellious Irish will complain, only because kept in subjection, though with never so much lenity; the occasion why some hard speeches were passed on his Government Some beginning to counterfeit his hand, he used to incorporate the year of his age in a knot flourished beneath his name, concealing the day of his birth to himself. Thus by comparing the date of the month with his own birthday (unknown to such Forgers) he not only discovered many false writings that were passed, but also deterred dishonest Cheaters from attempting the like for the future. He made use of Bishop Ushers interest while he was there, as appears by the excellent speech the Bishop made for the Kings Supply. Being recalled into England, he lived honourably in the County aforesaid, until by a sad casualty, he broke his leg on a stand in Theobalds' Park, and soon after died thereof. He married the sole Daughter and Heir of Sir Laurence Tanfield, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by whom he had a fair Estate in Oxford-shire. a Th●se Lodging at Oxford, was the R●●●●z●cus of all the Eminent Wits, Divines. Philosophers. Lawyers, Historians and Politicians of that time. His death happened Anno Dom. 1620. being father to the most accomplished Statesman b When be with others went upon the King summons to York, and there testified publicly the King's gracious intentions, and vowed to stand by him who stood for the Liberties and Laws of the Kingdom, with his life and fortune; he was the Author of most of those Declarations, the quickness whereof the enemy admired as they felt their efficacy, he writing generally twenty four or thirty Printed sheets a week with 〈◊〉 dispatch, from May 1. 10 October 1. Lucius Lord Faulkland, the wildness of whose youth was an Argument of the quickness of his riper years: He that hath a Spirit to be unruly before the use of his reason, hath mettle to be active afterwards. Quicksilver if fixed is incomparable; besides, that the Adventures, Contrivances, Secrets, Confidence, Trust, Compliance with Opportunity, and the other sallies of young Gallants, prepare them for more serious undertake; as they did this Noble Lord, great in his Gown, greater in his Buff; able with his Sword, abler with his Pen, a knowing Statesman, a learned Scholar, and a stout man. One instance of that excess in Learning and other Perfections, which portended ruin to this Nation in their opinion, who write, that all extremes, whether Virtue, or Vice, are ominous; especially that unquiet thing called Learning, whose 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth its own Period, and that of the Empire it flourisheth in; a too universally dilated Learning, being not faithful to the settlements either of Policy or Religion; it being no less ready to discover blemishers in the one, than incongruities in the other. Sophisters saith my smart Author) like the Country of the Switz, being as able upon the least advantage proposed, to engage on the wrong side, as on the right. As to go no further, this excellent Personage being among the Demagogues, that had been for twelve years silenced, and were now to play the prize in Parliament, and show their little twit-twat, but tedious faculties of speaking, makes the bitterest Invectives against the Governors and Government of the Church that ever was penned in English; which though designed by him, its thought to allay the fury of the Faction by some compliance with it, carried things beyond the moderation and decency of that Assembly, which he made too hot for himself, retiring in cooler thoughts, as many more (that like Brutus could not lay the storms he had raised) to Oxford, where his Pen was more honourably employed in detecting the fundamental of Rome c In an unanswerable Treatise of Infallibility, seconded by Dr. Hamond. their Infallibility, and countermining d In his A●li●us, wherein he condescended to undec●i●e the people, as the head boweth to take a thorn cut of the foot. No Eminent Scholar, or sober Nobleman, that did frequent his well-ora●●red house, came to observe the method of his Learned, and his Loci●s pi●us Study; their exect hours, their strict Devotion, and exemplary Diet. My Lords ho●se being like Theodosius●is ●is Cevi●, a 〈…〉 Perfection. the main props of Westminster their Hypocrisy; this as Secretary, the other as Student, in both laying open the little pretensions, whereby the poor people were ensnared in their Civil and Religious liberties. Much was the gall always in his Ink, and very sharp his Pen; but even flowing, and full his style, such as became him, whose Learning was not an unsettled Mass of reading that whirled up and down in his head, but fixed observations, that tempered with solid prudence and experience, were the steady Maxims of his soul fitted for all times and occasions; he having sat (as some Noble men's Sons use to do formerly in the House of Lords) behind the Chair of State from his very Childhood, and owning a large heart, capable of making that universal inspection into things that much becomes a Gentleman, being a Master of every thing he discoursed of. Insomuch that his general knowledge, husbanded by his wit, and set off by his Mien and Carriage, attracted many to come as far as to see him, as he professed he would go to see Mr. Da●llee, which rendered him no less necessary than admirable at Court, until his Curiosity engaging him at Newbury, e 〈◊〉 first Newbury fight, Sept. 20 164●. 〈…〉 B●l●t. he was strangely slain there, dying as he lived till then, between his Friends and his Enemies; to the King's great grief, who valued him because he understood his Parts and Services in the Treaty at Oxford, where he was eminent for two things; the continuing of Propositions, and the concealing of Inclinations; though no man so passionate for his design, as never enduring that hope that holds resolution so long in suspense, but ever allaying it with that fear that most commonly adviseth the best by supposing the worst. His usual saying was, I pity unlearned Gentlemen in a rainy day. He was Father to Henry Lord Faulkland, whose quick and extraordinary parts and notable spirit performed much, and promised more, having a great Command in the Country, where he was Lord Lieutenant; a general respect in the House where he was Member, a great esteem at Court (with his Majesty and his Royal Highness the Duke of York) where he was both Wit and Wisdom. When there was the first opportunity offered to honest men to act, he laid hold of it, and got in spite of all opposition, to a thing called a Parliament: By the same token, that when some urged he had not sowed his wild Oats, he is said to reply, If I have not, I may sow them in the House, where there are Geese enough to pick them up. And when Sir I. N. should tell him he was a little too wild for so grave a service, he is reported to reply; Alas! I am wild, and my Father was so before me, and I am no Bastard, as etc. In which contention he outdid the most active Demagogues at their own weapon, f In Richard's Parliament as it was called, joining with the Commonwealthsmen against the Usury ●ed Monarchy, to make way for the true one. speaking when Major Huntingdon and his followers were for the Long-Parliament, Sir I. N. L. S. were for the Secluded Members, my Lord carried all the County for an absolute Free Parliament; which he lived to see and act in so successfully, that he was Voted generally higher in Trust and Services, had he not been cut off in the prime of his years; as much miss when dead, as beloved when living. A great instance of what a g His Religiouss Mother the La●y Faulkland travelling with him in ●●ayers as well as birth. See her exemplary life Printed by honest Mr. Royston. strict Education (for no man was harder bred) a general Converse, and a Noble Temper can arrive unto; and what an Orator can do in a Democracy, where the affections of many is to be wrought upon, rather than the judgements of few to be convinced. A Golden tongue falling under a subtle head under such a constitution, hath great influence upon the whole Nation. Vi sparsos heroum cineres, tumulosque dividuos aeternitati vindicet Monumentum hoc aere perennius memoriae posteris sacrum Condidit L. M. Q. G. walter's tres ultimos Faulklandiae comites extremos jam an helantis naturae conatus lege, attend mirare; primum prudentiae Civilis normam; secundum rectae rationis mensuram; tertium ingenii exemplar & Ideum Hactenus homines natura genuit, nunc Heroas. Provectiori mundo Ingenium Crevit. Triumviratus animi vi magna, Praegrandi spiritu, erudition omni faria Intra fidem supra opinionem, ubi viataro; et spera, ad summa collimani ut mediocria assequaris, tot nempe habes in Heroibus nostris documenta quot gesta. THE Life and Death Of the most Illustrious JAMES, Duke of RICHMOND. A Noble person, little understood, and therefore not easily described, modestly reserving himself from men, when he sincerely approved himself unto God. Great in his Ancestors honour, greater in his own virtue, and greatest of all in that, like the Star he a He was Knight of the Garter. wore; the higher he was, the less he desired to seem, affecting rather the worth, than the pomp of nobleness. Therefore his courtesy was his nature, not his craft; and his affableness, not a base servile popularity, or ambitious insinuation; but the native gentleness of his disposition, and his true valour of himself. He was not a b He was v●ry well skilled in all the points of the Religion of the Church of England. stranger to any thing worth knowing, but best acquainted with himself and in himself, rather with his weaknesses for Caution, than his abilities for Action. Hence he is not so forward in the Traverses of War, as in Treaties of Peace, where his honour ennobled his Cause, and his moderation advanced it. He and my Lord of Southampton, managing the several overtures of Peace, at London, Oxford, and Uxbridge, with such honourable freedom and prudence, that they were not more deservedly regarded by their friends, than importunally courted by their c Though yet he was once excepted from Pardon, to try whether he might be f●ghted out of his Allegiance, upon his first going after his Majesty to York; and bearing witness of his integrity for peace, and subscribed a Petition that he would live and die by him, if he was f●rced to a w●r. enemies; who seeing they were such, could not be patient till they were theirs, though in vain; their Honours being impregnable, as well against the Factions kindness, as against their power. At Conferences, his conjectures were as solid as others judgements; his strict observation of what was past, furnishing him for an happy guess of what was to come; yet his opinion was neither variably unconstant, nor obstinately immovable, but framed to present occasions, wherein his method was to begin a second advice from the failure of the first, though he hated doubtful suspense when he might be resolute. This one great defect was his good nature, that he could never distrust, till it was dangerous to suspect; and he gave his Enemy so much advantage, that he durst but own him for his Friend. One thing he repented of, that he advised his Majesty to trust Duke Hamilton his adversary, with the affairs of Scotland, in compliance with the general opinion, rather than the Marquis Huntly his friend, in compliance with his own real interest: An advice, wherein his public-spiritedness, superseded his particular concerns; and his good nature, his prudence: So true it is, that the honest man's single uprightness, works in him that confidence, which oft times wrongs him, and giveth advantage to the subtle, while he rather pities their faithlessness, than reputes of his credulity; so great advantage have they, that look only what they may do, over them that consider what they should do; and they that observe only what is expedient, over them that judge only what is lawful. Therefore when those that thought themselves wise, left their sinking Sovereign, he stuck to his Person while he lived, to his Body when dead, and to his Cause as long as he lived himself: Attending the first resolutely, burying the second honourably, and managing the third discreetly; undertaking without rashness, and performing without fear; never seeking dangers, never avoiding them. Although, when his friends were conquered by the Rebels, he was conquered by himself; returning to that privacy where he was guessed at, not known; where he saw the world unseen; where he made yielding, conquest; where cheerful and unconcerned in expectation, he provided for the worst, and hoped for the best, in the constant exercise of that Religion, which he and his maintained more effectually with their examples, than with their Sword; doing as much good in encouraging the Orthodox by his presence, as in relieving d Allowing 〈◊〉 a year for that purpose, besides that he in●●●ed Mr. Thr●scr●sse, etc. to accept of an honourable la●ary, to take the freedom of his h●use, and the advantage of his Protection. them by his bounty. In a word, I may say of him as Macarius doth of justine; there was no vice but he thought below him, and no virtue which he esteemed not his duty, or his ornament. Neither was his prudence narrower than his virtue, nor his virtue straighter than his fortune. His main service was his inspection into the Intrigues and Reserves of the Parliamentiers at Uxbridge, and his Cajoling of the Independants and Scots at London, where the issue of his observation was, That the King should, as far as his conscience could allow, comply with the unreasonable desires of an unlimited ambition, to make it sensible of the evils that would flow from its own counsels; being confident, as events have assured us, that the people would see the inconvenience of their own wishes; and that they would return that power which they sought for, but could not manage to its proper place, before it became their ruin: For unbounded liberty overthroweth its self. But alas! it was too late to grant them any thing, who by having so much, were only encouraged more eagerly to desire what they knew the King in honour could not give: for when a Prince is once rendered odious or contemptible, his indulgencies do him no less hurt than injuries. As his Services were great, so were his Recreations useful; Hunting, that manly exercise, being both his pleasure and his accomplishment; his accomplishment, I say, since it is in the list of Machiavel's Rules to his Prince, as not only the wholesomest and cheapest diversion, both in relation to himself and his people, but the best Tutor to Horsemanship, Stratagems, and Situations, by which he may afterwards place an Army; whatever Sir Philip Sidney's apprehension was, who used to say, Next Hunting, he liked Hawking worst. His other Brothers died in the Field, vindicating his Majesty's Cause, and he pined away in his house mourning for his Majesty's Person; whom he would have died a He with the Earls of Lindsey and Southamptyn, offering themselves to die for his Majesty, having been the instruments of his commands, and it being, a Maxim, that the King can do no wrong, he doing all things by his Ministers. for, and when that could not be, died with his innocent temper, having rendered him the King's Bosom Friend, as his conscience made him his Good Subject. Hic Jacobum Richmondiae ducem ne conditum putes, eorundem quibus vixit perpetuum Incolam Cordium Caeca quem non extulit ad honorem sors, sed aequitas, fides, doctrina, pietas & modesta prudentia; new morte raptum crede, agit vitam secundam Caelites Inter animus, fama Implet orbem vita quae illi tertia est, hac positum in ara est corpus, olim animi domus Ara Dicata sempiternae memoriae. Aenigma saeculi! omnia Intelligens, a nullo Intellectus. E vivis migravet non e vita marcido in corpore diu sepultus, Intra penates Lugendo consenuit Diu exspiravit vivum Cadaver sero m●ritur jam mortuo similis Cogitando vitam absolvit, ut contemplando aeternitatem Inter beatorum libros Indefesso study versatus, ut beatoru●● societatis dignior pars esset. 165 ⁵. THE Life and Death OF FRANCIS Lord AUBIGNEY, Lord Almoner to Her Highness Mary, The Queen Mother of England. TIme was when the despised Priesthood was so honourable, that the same great word signified, and the same a VII Tarnov. ●xrecitat. Bil●●●●●●●2●. Ed heador. V●● 4●2. ●●●ascen●de 〈◊〉 Fide 〈…〉 vid. Casa●b. 〈◊〉 Sue●●●. Aug. 31. eminent Persons (among the jews, the Egyptians, the Grecians, and Romans) executed together the two excellent Functions of Priest and Prince, Rex Anius, Rex Idem hominum Phaebique sac●●●●●●●●rg. A●ncid. l. 3 And most of the Roman Emperors were as proud of the sacred Title of Arch-flamen, as they were of the Character of Semper A●gusti. As to come nearer ourselves, there were at one time in England, three Kings Sons, six Dukes, eight Earls, and fourteen Lords Sons in Holy Orders. Time was, when Abbeys and Monasteries were an easy outlet for the Nobility and Gentry of this Land to dispose of their younger Children; that Son who had not metal enough to manage a sword, might have meekness enough to wear a Cowle. Clap a vail on the head of a younger daughter (especially if she were superannuated, not overhandsome, melancholy, etc.) and instantly she was provided for in a Nunnery, without cost or care of her Parents. One eminent instance whereof we have in Ralph Nevil, first Earl of Westmoreland of that Family, whom we behold as the happiest Subject of England since the Conquest, if either we account the number of Children, or measure the height of honour they attained to; for of nine Children he had by Margaret his first Wife, Abbess of Barking; and a second, viz. Elizabeth, was a Nun: And of a eleven by his Wife joan, one jane was a Nun, all the other seventeen being Lords and Ladies, at that time, of the highest quality in the Kingdom. And no wonder (saith our Author) if our Earls preferred their Daughters to be Nuns, seeing no King of England since the Conquest had four Daughters living to woman's estate, but he disposed one of them to be a Votary; by the same token that Bridget, the fourth Daughter of King Edward the fourth, was a Nun at Dartford in Kent, the last English Princess that entered into a Religious Order. If former Ages, so much the piety of their Noblemen; for that the Earls of Devonshire, Courtneys; the Earls of Essex, Bouchers; the Earls of Warwick, the Dukes of Lancaster, Beausort, for having two Priests a piece of their respective Families; this Age may observe one Priest of noble Family, of the Earl of Manchester, Mr. Montague; one of the Earl of Baths, Mr. Greenvile; one of the Earl of Northamptons', Mr. Compton; one of the Earl of Kent, one of the Lord Crews, Dr. Crew; and to name no more, one of the Duke of Richmonds, the Lord Aubign●y; one of those illustrious persons that made us happy in that Age Plato wished for, When princes were Philosophers, and Philosophers Princes. Who was born in London, 1609. and bred, when a Child, not as those, who in point of judgement are never to be of age, but only able in pleasures; but as he would say, In those Arts whereby a man might be good Company to himself; for his honourable Relations perceiving in him more than ordinary natural perfections, were careful to bestow on him Education in piety, and Learning suitable to his high Birth; he meeting their care with his towardliness, being apt to take fire and blaze, at the least spark of instruction put into him. The sharpness of Winter (correcting the rankness of the earth) cause the more healthful and fruitful Summers; so the strictness of his breeding compacted his soul to the greater patience and piety; which with other virtues and abilities raised him to so much reputation in the Court and University of Paris, that he was preferred Canon of Rotterdam, 1641. Lord Abbot of in France, a place worth 1200 l. a year 1643/4. and was in nomination for a Cardinal's dignity, upon the inthronization of Pope Innocent the tenth, 1644/5. as appears by this passage in a Letter. My Lord Aubigney is now made an Abbot, the Queen of France hath given him one worth 2400. Pistols per annum; there is a speech that he shall be a Cardinal. Sir K●nelme Digby goeth Ambassador to Rome to the new Pope from the Queen, etc. And this the necessity of affairs, or at least the conceived necessity will cast it (meaning the Cardinalship) upon the Lord you know (i. e. Aubigney) who hath very powerful advancers by his friends in this Court, and is much liked, and in a manner accepted of, in Italy; he himself declaring himself in so hopeful a way for it, that he had thereupon taken the Sentane, Paris Octob. 21. 1644. Of which dignities I may, as St. Jerome doth in another case, Habuit ut calcaret; only he would bless God that he had that time to think how to live well, that poorer persons were forced to employ in thinking how to live; and that his Place gave so much countenance to his Actions, that against the too prevalent customs of the world, they might have the authority of Examples; and so much power to his words, that against the fond opinions of the world they might have the force of Rules; especially since his advancements brought with it abilities for that which is God's nature (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) and therefore man's duty, viz. to do good; the paceful comeliness of his body, at once representing and adorning the virtues and beauties of his, charmed hearts to the love of the first beauty, with as much success as ever fair Tablets did Eyes to the admirations of the fair things they represented, and commanded souls to duty as happily, as Edward the fourth that goodly Prince (who as Communes observed, won London twice by his presence and aspect) awed and obliged his Subjects to Allegiance 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Max. Tyr. A fair soul in a fair body, is as a River that windingly creepeth with many wavy turnings, within the Enamel of a beautiful Meadow, pleasing and refreshing the world. a Pangy●in Constant. Tecum vident Milites, admirantur & diligunt, sequuntur oculis, animo tenent, Deo se obsequi putant, cujus tam pulchra sorma est tam certa divinitas. Therefore in his discourses with Ladies, he used to urge to them the advantage they had to reform a debauched world, with the instance of the women in Ludovicus Vives, who so reclaimed a loose City, by vouchsafing none their favours but the virtuous, the beauty of whose soul (since the soul wears all the beauties of the universe contracted in it, as Aaron did all the glories of the world embroidered upon him) answered to that of their own bodies, as Diamonds and Pearls do to rich Cabinets and Pearls. And now I speak of souls, his good soul slept not in the body, affording only now and then some glimmerings of common sense and reason, but sparkled briskly, being to a stupid world, a great argument of the Deity it worshipped; Hoc nempe habuit argumentum divinitatis suae quod illam divina delectaverint; nec ut alienis interest, sed ut suis. Sen. And indeed, he used to say, that he much questioned the integrity, and consequently the state of that soul, that besides the exemplariness and communion of public devotion, did not use to retire to the intimacy of that more private, consisting chiefly in these great parts. 1. Self-examination, consideration, and meditation, soliloquies; for which in every place he resided, he prepared a Closet, dressed, as his breast for holy and serious thoughts, pleasantly, yet dark situated and furnished with two things; the matters of his Devotion and of his Charity (wherein he expended the third part of his revenue yearly, in such a way, that it was alms to the poor souls, as well as relief to the distrested bodies) which he esteemed the life, because the effect and the expensive trial of his devotion; and this Closet he consecrated into a private Chapel, by his solemn entrance into it never without a prayer. The words of his friend, (He taking it for a certain argument, that the serious belief of a God, and of the World to come, is much wanting in his heart, who dares be nought, idle, or sinfully merry, if he can but get out of man's sight and cognisance;) which office he kept as constant on his servant heart, as ever the people of God of old kept up the continual Burnt-offering upon the Altar; making as much conscience of laying out his time, as he did of expending his estate. And the result of all these accomplishments was, 1. A moderate and tender spirit towards all sorts of Christians, expressing himself to several Ministers of the Church of England, with such a latitude, that upon the principle● he expressed, he might have held communion with them, and they with him; concluding his discourses with this, That he approved not a nice, scrupulous, and uncharitable religion. 2. A great reverence to himself, being as much afraid to concern his divine soul in any mean office, as a Senec. de benef. l. 3. c. 36. Paulus the Praetor in Tiberius his time, was to handle a Chamber-pot, having a Ring on his Finger graved with the Emperor's Image. 3. A very great resolution, in the strength of which, in the great difference between the French King and Cardinal de Retz at Paris, he and others of the Channons of Notre dame, durst serve the Majesty of afflicted truth, before that of a glorious King, and endure the Restraint of Imprisonment, that he might enjoy Liberty of Conscience. To smell to a Turf of fresh earth is wholesome for the body, no less are thoughts of mortality cordial to the soul; therefore the sight of death, when it surprised him with a choice Favour, b At Somerset house 1664/5. was neither strange nor terrible to him who died daily. Interest Posterorum novisse 1. Jacobum Richmondiae ducem qui illustris licet modeste latuit. 2. Georgium Dominum Aubigney placide Animosum Heroem 3. Johannem Dominum Stuart stupendum juvenem, qualis hic esset Senex! 4. F. Dominum Aubigney in quo ut olim apud c Joseph Antiq. l. 4. c. 4. Philo Jud. de mon. arch. l. 2. judeos Regalis, & sacerdotalis arctissime consociabantur tribus utpote sum pio, & nobili. 5. Bernardum Comitem Lichfieldiae cui morum venustas quanta p●ncis contigit, desideratur omnibus. Fratres arctiori virtutis quam sanguinis faederati nexu, qui eosdem mores per omnes fortunae vices sibi similes finxere. Quinque ita compositos ut quod uni vix contigit unum hominum agerent quos eadem agere, & pati semper necessarium fuit; quia non novere nisi optima. Firmius vel Stoica Catena vinculum ubi Perpetuam animorum cognationem inducit non eandem Parentem habuisse, sed eandem vivendi originem Rationem; & (quoth vim habuit vitaliorem) ejusdem honesti affectu Imbui potius quam eodem sanguine; eadem numerare bona & mala, chariora long nomina quam communia pignora. Curatii & Horatij Anglicani quos pro regia causa non homines Credas sed tot concurrere gentes! quibus Addendus Esme Dux Richmondiae Jacobi Filius unicus; Domino Dr. Fl●etword Coll. Reg. Cant. Qui P●aep. & I tinery, & studiorum duce C. W. & una quicquid est amabile Patres guod optent, aut quod orbi lugeant correptus levi Febricula vita decessit Parisiis; decessere quot una spes Parentum! Eheu! delicias breves! Quicquid placet mortale non placet diu. Quicquid placet mortale, ne placeat nimis. THE Life and Death OF RALPH, Lord HOPTON, SOn of Sir R. Hopton, born 1601. in b In Moun. ●●●●hshire. South-Wales, where his Mother had relations; and bred in Somersetshire, where his Father had his seat. His education such, that he learned to pray as soon as he could speak; and to read, as soon as he could pray, before three year old he read any character or letter whatsoever in our Printed Books, and within a while, any tolerable Writing Hand; getting by heart, at four years and an half, five or six hundred Latin and Greek words, together with their Genders and Declensions. Horrori fuit Ingenium. From a strict School, and able Schoolmaster in the Country, he was sent to a well-governed College, and an excellent Tutor, Mr. Sanderson (after Dr. Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln) of Lincoln-Colledge) in Oxford; who put his young reason, by his judicious and exact method, into such a frame, that (he would bless God for it) he had a habit (which men of a superficial education, sleight, immethodical thoughts, were strangers to) of considering matters proposed to him leisurely and soberly, of recollecting the proper circumstances of a business pertinently, of looking through sophisms and appearances discerningly, of searching into the bottom of things quickly; of observing advantages and disadvantages in Marching, Quartering, Rallying, Leaguering, etc. dexterously. It's a great matter to put young and flexible faculties (by being solidly grounded in the Initiatory Arts and Sciences, or in the exact notions and apprehensions of things) into an unerring and comprehensive frame of thoughts, reasoning, and discourse. But (as youth not yet accustomed to dissembling, easily discloseth its temper) he soon discovered by those rencounters which he had with his Schoolfellows, and Fellow-pupils in the School and College, as prolusions to those engagements he afterwards had in the Field, that he was born for action, the life of a Man; rather than speculation, the life of a Scholar. Letting it suffice others to meditate upon the great things which former ages have done, while he did great things which future ages might meditate upon. They may a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. rest when they have raised a Scheme, a Frame, and Idea within themselves, proportionable to the order and method of things without them; while he compently understanding this all was urged by his eager virtues, to perform things as great as those he under stood; and actions as great as his thoughts. From the University therefore he goeth to the Camp, putting off his Gown, to put on his Corslet; and exchanging his Pen, for his Sword. First exercising himself in the Low-Countryes, the then Nursery of English Gentry, as a Volunteer; and afterwards practising in the b He carried the Queen of Bohemia he hi●●●●um● after●●● sa●l b●ttel 〈◊〉 Pr●ga●, 40 m●l●s. Palatinate as Captain; where he gathered such choice observations, principles, and maxims of war, that being an eye-witness in the long Parliament (wherein he was chosen a Member) of their dangerous proceedings (which he opposed with strong reasonings in the House, and offered to contradict against the Ringleaders of the Faction with his Sword and Life, challenging several of them in Westminster-hall) he privately retired to countenance the Kings more just proceedings in the Country, giving order for providing Arms and Ammunition at his own charge, and direction to secure and fortify all such places as were tenable in Sommersetshire, Wiltshire, and Devonshire, out of his own experience, until he, Sir Bevill Greenvill, Sir Io. Stawell, and Sir Nicholas Flanning, raised with their interest and arguments (Sir Ralph Hopton pleading the Kings, at the Assizes, Sessions, and all other public meetings of the Country, that his eloquence had as great success upon the wavering populacy, as his Arms had against the most obstinate Rebels) a choice Army in the West (an instance of what great concernment it was to keep the Militia in the Crown, and not to separate the Sword from the Sceptre) not to make a war, as he declared to the Country, but to prevent it. (Thus Caesar that fought best in his age, spoke so too; and the sharpness of his wit, was equal to that of his Sword.) With which Army the Marquis of Hertford, than Commander in Chief, with his direction, Aug. 3. 1643. defeated the Faction in Sommersetshire, took Shepton-Mallet, cleared Dorsetshire, maintained Sherburn, with such conduct and resolution, as daunted the men at Westminster for two months; and Octob. 3. breaking through the Besiegers, who thought (to use their own words) to put an end to the war, if they could but take him, and one or two more men of so considerable fortunes, valour, and conduct, as both raised, and kept up the war. Whereupon (non quaerendus erat quem eligerent, sed eligendus qui eminebat) he was chosen Commander in Chief of the West, where in half an year he got 40. Garrisons well maintained, 12000. men well disciplined, 1000 l. a month Contribution regularly settled, above 400 old Officers, Soldiers, and Engineers out of the Palatinate, the Low Countries, and Ireland, usefully employed: A Press to Print Orders, Declarations, Messages, and other Books, to instruct and undeceive the people. Prudently managed the Pen upon all occasions, being wonderfully quick in clearing this great truth; That his Majesty, and his Fellowers, had no other intention in this war that they were necessitated to, than the defence of the Protestant Religion, the Laws, the Liberty and property of the Subject; together with the Privilege of Parliament. And by these ways prospered so well, but especially, 1. By the choice of his Deputies and Officers, as curiously observing other men's worth, as he carelessly undervalved his own, being choice in his instruments, because he was so in his designs; well knowing that great actions must be left to the management of great souls. 2. By his Discipline of the Army, without which, Commanders lead thronged Multitudes, and not Armies; and listed Routs, rather than Regiments; keeping his Soldier's men (that they might not be conquered by their debaucheries first, and then by their enemies) by moral instructions, enduring no Achan to trouble his Camp; as well as making them Soldiers, that they might not be to learn, when they were to perform their duty (Turpe est in arte militari dicere non putaram) by military direction. 3. By his Pay to his followers, pinching himself to gratify them, knowing well what gelt could do, and what it was to keep back from men the price of their blood, making them hazard their lives by Fight, to earn their pay; and by Famine, before they got it. His three words were, Pay well, Command well, and Hang well. 4. By his care to keep open the Trade of the Countries, under his Command, by Sea and Land. 5. By his solemn familiarity, neither the Mother of Contempt, nor the Daughter of a Credan● haud grat●i●am in ●an●a majestate comitatem, Leo. Art, and design his language with Caesar to his Countrymen, was not Milites, but Comilitones; and with the Husbandman, it was not Go ye, but Gawee; seldom putting them upon any service, the most difficult part whereof he undertook not himself, in so much, that the Country stood, as well out of love to his Person, as conscience towards his Cause. 6. By sharing with them in their wants, observing their deserts, and rewarding them; he never made scales of his Soldiers, when they were dead, in taking Cities, nor Bridges of them when living, in bestowing preferments, knowing that deserving persons are more deeply wounded by their Commanders neglect, than by their Enemies; the one may reach to kill the body, the other deadneth the spirit. 7. By preserving his Soldiers, being loath to lose them in a day, which he could not breed in a year; and understanding the perience and resolution of a veterane Army, he had the happy way of securing and entrenching himself; (for which ●ustavus Adolphus is so famous) so as in spite of his enemies, to fight for no man's pleasure but his own; not cozened by any appearances, nor forced by any violence to fight, till he thought fitting himself; counting it good manners in war, to take all advantages, and give none; especially when the small beginnings of his affairs confined his care more how to save himself handsomely● than set on the enemy, giving his enemy's occasion to complain that he would not patiently lie open to their full stroke; as that Roman brought an action against a man, because he would not receiv● into his ●o●y his whole dart. A prudent reservation is as useful as a ●esolute onset, it being a greater skill to ward off blows, than to give them; he was as wise as that Lewis of France in preventing danger, who had foresight to prevent mischiefs when they were coming, but not a present prudence to engage them, when come; though yet he was as ready in encountering dangers, as that Henry of England, who could (as the Lord Bacon observes, who drew his life with a Pencil as majestic as his Sceptre) with ready advice, command present thoughts, to encounter that danger with success, which he could not with foresight prevent. 8. By understanding his Enemy's way, and the Country's situation, as to take many advantages by his incredible diligence (all his army doing service once every sixth day) and prevent all disadvantages by his equally incredible watchfulness. 9 By his Piety, keeping strict communion with God, all the while he was engaged in a war with men. He was reckoned a Puritan before the wars for his strict life, and a Papist in the wars for exemplary devotion; entertaining sober and serious Non-conformists in his House, while he fought against the Rebellious and Factious in the Field. And we find him subscribing a Petition to his Majesty 1630. with other Gentlemen of Somerset shire, to prevent unlawful and scandalous a Riotous ●iplings, quarrels, murders, uncleaness, disorderly asesembly. Revellings on the Lord's day. As we observe him publishing Orders for the strict observation of the Lords day, the encouragement of good Ministers and People throughout his quarters; being very severe in these two Cases, 1. Rapines committed among the people. And 2. Profaneness against God, saying, That the scandal of his Soldiers should neither draw the wrath of God upon his undertaking, nor enrage the Country against his Cause. By these courses, I say, he prospered so (being so well placed (to use Paterculus his words of Sejanus) in eo cum judicio Principis certahant studia populi) that the enemy's Historian May, writes this undoubted, because an adversaries testimony of him. Of all commanders there, that sided with the King against the Parliament, Sir Ralph Hopton by his unwearied industry, and great reputation among the people, had raised himself to the most considerable height, until the Earl of Stamford coming to the West, raised Sir Ralph from the Siege of Plymouth, with some disadvantage, which yet the old Soldier made up again by a Parthian stratagem of a feigned flight, entrapping most of the Earls men, and to overthrowing the Parliament Forces, in so much that the Earl of Stamford desired a truce for twenty days, which Sir Ralph condescended to, with a design, during the truce, to bring off Sir john Chadley, as he did so happily, that the Earl was forced to betake himself to Exeter, the whole West, consisting of so many rich, and flourishing Shires, being wholly at his Majesty's devotion. And when Sir William Waller, with the posse of twenty one Counties, came upon him, he managed Skirmishes and Retreats with so much dexterity, that his very Flights conquered; for drawing Sir William to the Devizes to Besiege it, and making as if he would Treat about the yielding of that place; he contrived that he should be surprised with an unexpected Party of Horse on the one side, while he drew out upon him on the other, with such success, that he defeated, scattered, and ruined him, beyond relief (the Earl of Essex being told, when he would have advanced with his sickly Army, to recover him, that he was passed it) he himself running for security, first to Bristol, and thence riding with a few Gentlemen for recruit to London; leaving the few Garrisons that party had in those parts to Sir Ralph's mercy, who took five of them by Assaults, and seven upon Surrendry, with three thousand Prisoners, five thousand Arms, six Ships, with sixty four Pieces of Ordnance in a fortnight's time. He was excellent at contriving at the Scaling of Walls, as his Soldiers were in executing; and yet more excellent in taking hearts being so civil, even to the most obstinate, that they chose rather to be conquered by him, than protected by others, ever detesting their bloodiness that came valiant to strong Holds, and departing cruel thence, knowing no difference either of Age or Sex in their anger, though they did in their Lust; only it is not be forgotten here, how this expert Commander losing the advantage of Landsdown, for want of Ammunition taught his Soldiers to beat and boil Bed-cords to make Match of them. From the Devizes, Sir Ralph marched into Hampshire and Sussex, facing Petworth, entering Midhurst, and at last sitting down before Arundel Castle in the extremest part of Suffex, which he carried, beating Col. Norton into Chichester, and wheeling off in spite of the Enemy (that provoked him to fight with disadvantage among lined Hedges and Thickets, where he saw many brave men lost to no purpose at Cheriton-down) in appearance to Winchester, but really to Basin, and so to Oxford, whence Anno 1645. we find him after the considerable Recruits he had left the King, advancing Westwards, and besieging Taunton, where (when we have observed that his Magazine being blown up, he was grievously hurt in the face, carrying an honourable scar to his grave) our Pen shall leave him, giving way to his own Secretary who hath communicated to the world this following account of him. 1645. His Majesty, the present comfort of the Kingdom, being worsted, and the Prince, the future hope of it appeared, taking progress into the West to understand the Country before he should govern it; and to let the Country understand him, the pawn of their future felicity, whom it should obey; the Lord Hoptons' presence raised as many brave men in Cornwall, to wait on the Son their Duke, as his wise, civil, and obliging conduct had done on the Father their King: under whom designing to relieve Exeter in a body of 10000 Horse and Foot, when they were met by my Lord Fairfax at Torrington, with 20000. where my Lord despairing of breaking through them, drew out four or five Closes off the Enemy, lining the hedges, and flanking his Foot with Horse, who disputed every hedge first with the Dragoons, and then with the Reserves, and at last with the whole body of the other Army, pouring upon them Regiment upon Regiment; and when they had lost the hedges, maintained the Barricadoes at the end of the Town with push of Pike, and the Butt end of their Muskets, for three hours; and when overpowered there, my Lord brought up the Rear, and made good the retreat though his Horse was shot under him; so that the Foot had time to pass over the adjoining River, and the Horse to guard them; my Lord making use of every Avenue in the Town, or near, to stop the Enemy's Career; whom, if his advice had been followed, he had surrounded and overcome with their own Victory. And withdrawing to Cornwall he Rendezvouzed again, and made 5000. able Horse; a body under the Command of so wise, as well as Valiant a Commander as the Lord Hopton appeared to be in the late Service, might, if there had been any hope of the King's Affairs; and since there was not, commanded their own terms (when the Prince withdrew from them to Scilly) at Truero, among others this Article offered my Lord himself, is remarkable, considering it proceeds from an Enemy. Lastly, for yourself, besides what is employed to you in common with others, you may be assured of such mediation to the Parliament on your behalf, both from myself, and others; as for one whom for personal worth, and many virtues, but especially for your care of, and moderation towards the Country, we honour and esteem above any other of your party; whose error (supposing you more swayed with Principles of Honour and Conscience) we most pity, and whose happiness, so far as is consistent with the public welfare, we should delight in more than in your least suffering. My Lord after much dispute, in hope either of assistance from abroad, or of an accommodation between the King and Parliament, as it was called at home, upon the advance of near upon 40000. men towards him, disbanded, being allowed forty Horse and Arms, and twelve men for himself for a while, and not long after pardoned for Life, but condemned in his Estate. A favour like that I read of the Duke De Alva, vouchsafed the City of Harlem, when he promised them their lives, and yet sterved many of them to death saying, That though he had promised to give them their lives, he had not promised to give them meat. Gentle was this Excellent Persons Extraction in the West of England, and manlike his Education in the Low-Countries; that School of War, where Sir William Waller and he learned, as is said of jugurtha and Manus in one Camp, what they practised in two: The one being no less eminent for his Service under his late Majesty of blessed memory, than the other was for his against him. The one was the best Soldier the King had, the other the most experienced that the pretended Parliament boasted of. None fitter to balance Sir Ralph Hoptons' success, none likelier to understand his stratagems, none abler to undermine his designs, than his Fellow-soldier Sir William, who understood his method as well as he was acquainted with his Person. Both were equally active, both equally vigilant. But what better Character of this Hero, than that which his Master gave him in his Patten for Baron, which is his History as well as his honour. CArolus Dei gratia Angliae, etc. Cum & nominis nostri & posteritatis interest, & ad clara exempla propaganda utilissime Compertum, palam fieri omnibus proemia, apud nos virtuti sita, nec perire fidelium subditorum officia, sed memori & benevolo pectore, fixissime insidere: His praesertim temporibus cum plurimum (quibus antehac nimium indulsimus) temerata aut superta fides, pretium aliorum Constantiae addidit. Cumque nobis certo constat Radulphum Hopton Militem de Balneo splendidis & antiquis Natalibus; tum in caetura sua vita integritatis & moris eximium, tum in hac novissima tempestate, fatalique Regni & Rebelli motu, rari animi fideique exemplum edidisse, Regiae dignitatis in eaque publicae Contra utriusque adversarios assertorem & vindicem acerrimum. Quippe qui non solum nascenti huic furori (nec dum omnibus manifesto) optimis Consiliis fortis in Curia Senator restiterit; sed insinuante se latius veneno, & crescente ferocia domum ad s●os reversus fortior miles in agro suo Somersetensi & vicinis partibus omni ope & manu iniquissimam causam oppugnaverit, in Arce praesertim Sherborniana sub Auspiciis Marchionis Hertfordiae egregiam operam navaverit. Mox ulterius progressus pollenti in Devonia factionis Tyrannide, & munitissima civitate in faedus illecta & jam undique bonis subditis perniciem minante, ipse pene in Regione Hospes, Contracto e Cornubio milite, & primoribus statim impetum eorum repressit jacentesque & afflictas nostras partes mirifica virtute recreavit. Et licet summis necessitatibus Conflictanti exigua pars Negotii hostes erant tantum abfuit ut vel illis, vel istis succumberet, ut contra Copias auctiores, & bellico apparatu instructissimas saepius signis Collatis in acie dimicans semper superior excesserit. Testis Launcestionia, Salt ash, Bradock, aliaque obscura olim nomina & loca nunc victoriis illius, & perduellium cladibus nobilitata vix etiam ab his respiraverat, cum novus belli furor lassas jam fere & continuis praeliis laxatas vires Numerossimo excercitu adortus uberiorem triumphandi dedit materiam. Cum ille in campis Stratoniae in difficillimis licet angustiis redactus, inops militaris instrumenti, & Consumpto jam pulvere tormentario, armatos inermis, vallo munito inter sola causa & virtute animatus, ita retudit, concidit, castris exuit, ut totam belli molem cum ipsis Authoribus profligavit; Quicquid fugae illius residuum erat inter urbis unius maenia eaque arcta obsidione astricta Concluso. Qua quidem pugna memorabili praeter quod miserum popellum, jugo intollerabili levaverat, sedes suas expulsis, Ecclesias Pastoribus, pacem omnibus, & firma mentum pacis obsequium restituerit. Et jam sequenti armorum nostrorum felicitate quae partes Regni occidentales maturius ad officium & verum Dominum redierunt & viam apperuisse & momentum ingens extitisse libentissime profitemur; In hac opera laudabili cum praefatus Radulphus perstitert adhuc invicto animo & industria indefessa nullo arduo quantum vis labore & periculo excusatus cumque mille argumentis testatum fecerit, Honorem salutemque nostram sibi omni fortuna & capite potiorem, nos virum fortissimum optimeque affectum animum benigno stu dio prosequi, & amplius demereri volentes, hunc & praeconio merito ornandum, & propriori ad nos gradu extollendum censuimus. Sciatis igitur nos de gratia nostra speciali, ac ex certa Scientia, vero motu, praefatum Radulphum Hopton ad statum, gradum, stylum, Dignitatem, Titulum & Honorem Baronis Hapton de Statton in Comitatu nostro Cornubiae, etc. In cujus rei Testimonium has Literas nostras fecimus Patententes. Teste meipso apud Oxon quarto die Septembris, Anno Regni nostri Decimo nono. Jones. HIs two great Actions, the one at Liscard, the other at Stratton, cannot be better described than by an Eye-witness, whose words are these, as he saith, out of a Manuscript corrected with Sir Ralph's own hand, communicated to him by his Secretary Mr. Tredus. At Liscard, a little before the Fight began, the King's party took it into seasonable consideration, that seeing by the Commission the Lord Mohun brought from Oxford four Persons (viz. the said Lord Mohun, Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir john Berkley, and Colonel Ashburham) were equally impowered in the managing of all Military matters: and seeing such equality might prove inconvenient (which hitherto had been prevented with the extraordinary moderation of all parties) in ordering a Battle, it was fittest to fix the Power in one Chief, and general consent settled it in Sir Ralph Hopton. He first gave order that public prayers should be read in the Head of every Squadron, and it was done accordingly; and the Enemy observing it, did style it saying of Mass, as some of their Prisoners did afterwards confess. Then he caused the Foot to be drawn in the best order they could, and placed a Forlorn of Musqueteers in the little Enclosures, wring them with the few Horse and Dragoons he had. This done, two small Minion Drakes speedily and secretly fetched from the Lord Mohun's House, were planted on a little Burrough within random-shot of the Enemy; yet so, that they were covered out of their sight with small parties of Horse about them. These concealed Minions were twice discharged with such success, that the Enemy quickly quitted their ground; and all their Army being put into a Rout, the King's Forces had the Execution of them; which they performed very sparingly, taking 1250. Prisoners, all their Canon and Ammunition, and most of their Colours and Arms; and after public thanks, taking their repose at Liscard. Stratton Fight succeeds on Thursday the 16. of May 1643. THe King's Army wants Ammunition, and hath a steep-hill to gain, with all disadvantage and danger: The Horse and Dragoons being not five hundred, and the Foot two thousand four hundred. THe Parliament Army well furnished, and Barricadoed upon the top of the hill, their Foot 3400 and their Horse not many indeed, having dispatched 1200 to surprise the Sheriff and Commissioners at Bodmin. ON the King's side, order was given to force the passage to the top of the hill, by four several Avenues: the ascent was deep and difficult; resolutely did his Majesty's Forces get up, and obstinately did the Enemy keep them down. The fight continued doubtful, with many countenances of various events (from four in the morning, till three in the afternoon) amongst which most remarkable, the smart charge made by M. G. Chudleigh, with a stand of Pikes on Sir Bevile Greenvil, who fell nobly himself, and had lost his Squadron, had not Sir john (now Lord Berkley, who led up the Musqueteers on each side of Sir Bevil) seasonably relieved it, so resolutely reinforcing the Charge, that Major General Chudleigh, was taken Prisoner. Betwixt three and four of the Clock, the Commanders of the King's Forces, who embraced those four several ways of ascent, met to their mutual joy almost on the top of the hill, which the routed Enemy confusedly forsook. In this service, though they were Assailants, they lost very few men, and no considerable Officer, killing of the Enemy about three hundred, and taking seventeen hundred Prisoners, all their Canon (being thirteen pieces of Brass Ordnance) and Ammunition (seventy Barrels of Powder) with a Magazine of Biscuit and other Provision proportionable. For this Victory, public Prayer and Thanksgiving was made on the hill; then the Army was disposed of to improve their success to the best advantage. Nothing had sunk his great spirit, but the fate of Kingdoms, with whose ruin only he was contented to fall, and disbanded his Soldiers upon honourable terms. Five things made my Lord Hopton so eminently serviceable. 1. His great insight into the Designs, and prudent foresight of the events of present Counsel, which when most doubted and wavered, gave him that great resolution that undertook great difficulties, and bore up against greater. 2. His experience of War in general, and his acquaintance with that seat of it committed to him in particular. 3. His renown all over the Kingdom for Piety and Moderation, and within his own association for Hospitality, Civility and Charity. 4. His Name among the Enemies, as considerable for his Generousness and Justice, as for his Valour and Conduct. 5. His Estate, that set him above Mercinariness; and his care for Money, that set his Soldiers above need, the occasion of mutinying among themselves, or of incivillities towards others. This Noble Lord died a Bruges September 1652. without any issue, besides those of his Soul, his great thoughts and greater actions, his Barony of Stratton being coferred on the Lord john Berkley, younger Son of Sir Maurice Berkley of Bruerton in Somerset-shire, so highly concerned with him in the Martial Affairs of the West, (being one of them that reduced and commanded it) he might well share with him the honour; and as Queen Eliz. was pleased that none but a King should succeed in her Throne when dying, she said, My Throne is the Throne of Kings; so this Lord's Ghost would be infinitely satisfied to see that none but an excellent Soldier should inherit his honour, for his honour was the honour of Chivalry. Vivat Radulphus Hopton Terris quas dom●it fama, & coelo cui vixit, anima, natalem geminum ipsa & mors pariat. Quicquid vires potuere, quicquid & honesti Doli; Favente et a jove ●atore Vid Livia & Flor ●. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fug● P●aeses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Schol A●oll●n A●gon l. 2. v 1151. c. 4. v. 699. statore Jove et Fugitivo; Pedibus restituentibus rem manibus Fractam Fecit Vir magnus maximis excidens ausibus Cui saepissime in desperata sola salute salus; monstrum martis! superat fuga; strata potestas; est unita minor, major, ut una manus; duplam meruit lauream ut pote cujus caput galeam habuit et intus et extra. De membris acies, de ment triumphat acumen Hac coiere greges, hac coiere deuces Hosts dextra domat, cerebro victoria victa est Praefuit hinc magno Julius, inde sibi. THE Life and Death OF Sir EDMUND VERNEY. SIR Edmund Verney, whose Ancestor john Verney, stands as eminent in the Catalogue of Gentry made for Buckinghamshire, in the twelfth year of King Henry the sixth, 1433. as he doth in the Catalogue of Martyrs from 1637. to 1666. was born, April 7. 1596. at London, bred most part of his time at Court with an education answerable to his birth. 1. Under such a discipline as moulded his tender soul to that frame, that was not only advantageous towards the succeeding part of his education, but towards the irregularity of his whole life. 2. Under that tuition which successively instilled ingenious and good rudiments into his tender breast, in the order that was proper to his tender years; Age at once maturating his parts, enlarging his capacity, and advancing his Lectures, until several years' Education had accomplished his mind with that stock of active, useful, and manly knowledge, which furnished him with those virtues that are a perfection to noble natures, and a rest and tranquillity to great minds. 1. Bridling and checking the irregular sallies of the inferior faculties, and the impetuous passions incident to younger years. 2. Fashioning his behaviour to that humanity that was due to mankind, and that modesty and gravity, which was due to himself. 3. Regulating his discourse to that temper, that became the product of judgement and right reason, and raised him to thoughts of employment worthy and ingenuous, abhorring to busy himself viciously or impertinently. In a word, when Education had made him a complete man, he bethought himself that he was born to labour, as the sparks are made to fly upwards, being endued with that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (as jamblichus calls it) that ever moving and restless principle his soul, and trusted with those abilities that suggested to him that he was not so far neglected by either God or Nature, as to be placed in the world without employment. After sometime spent with my Lord Goring to see the Low-Country Wars, and some sallies out with my Lord Herbert, Sir Henry Wotton, to see the Courts of France and Italy 1618. he goeth with my Lord of Bristol into Spain, whence he returned so well accomplished, as to be recommended to the service of the Prince; where he as zealously opposed the plots and stratagems of the Papists in Spain, as his Tutors, Hackwell and Winniffe did in England; insomuch that he struck an English a An action 〈◊〉 to one so nearly 〈◊〉 to S●● R. V●●●●●. ●●o when Sheriff of Warwickshire, pursued 〈◊〉 Powder. Traitors ●ut of Warwickshire into Worcestershire. sorbon Doctor, called Maillard, a Box on the Ear, for visiting one of the Prince's Servants sick of a mortal Favour, whereof he died, and labouring to pervert him; though with so much hazard, that he had much ado to keep out of the Inquisition. One reason of the Princes hastening out of Spain, at whose departure I find he presented Don Maria de Land with a cross of ten thick Table-diamonds, bought of his Servant Sir Edmund Verney. His Master, the Prince, disposing of Offices about him agreeably to men's inclinations; when King, made this stout man Knight-Marshal, in which capacity he was severely honest in time of peace, and undauntedly valiant in time of war; saying, when by his place he held the Royal Standard at Nottingham, That by the grace of God (his word always) they that would wrest that Standard from his hand, must first wrest his soul from his body. And accordingly at the battle of Edge-hill, Octob. 23. 1642. when as Julius Caesar commanded his Standard to be thrown among his enemies, that the Soldiers might be provoked in honour to fetch it; so he adventured with his Majesty's colours among the enemy, that the Soldiers might be engaged to follow him, and was offered his life by a throng of his enemies, upon condition he would deliver the Standard; he answered, That his life was his own, and he could dispose of it; but the Standard was his and their Sovereigns, and he would not deliver it while he lived, and he hoped it would be rescued, as it was, when he was dead; selling it, and his life, at the rate of sixteen Gentlemen, which fell that day by his hand. One of the strictness and piety of a Puritan, of the charity of a Papist, of the civility of an Englishman; whose family the King his Master would say, was the model he would propose to the Gentlemen, whose carriage was such, that he was called the only Courtier that was not complained of. At the same time that he ventured his life for his Sovereign at home, he sent his Son Sir Ralph Verney to accomplish himself for his service abroad. Reliquiae Edmundi Verney vere militis & b Ultimus A●gliae Bannere●tus. ● Bannerettis: qui Deum timendo nis●t timere didicit nihil non Ausus nisi quod omnes audent; peccare. O In gloriam fortitudinem quae pati tantum potuit. THE Life and Death Of the Right Honourable, SPENCER, Earl of NORTHAMPTON. SPencer Compton Earl of Northampton, Son to William the first Earl of the Family, Created 1618. 16. jac. by Sir Francis Beaumond, the Duke of Buckingham's Uncle's Daughter, had as many remarkables, as he said, in his life, as there were years to his death. He was born at Compton in Warwickshire, the very same day and hour that the Powder Traitors were defeated at Dun-church in that County; an Omen, that that life (like Caesar's, who was born at the defeat of a Tumult) should be hazarded for the suppressing of Rebellion, that was begun with the suppression of Treason. The first step he went by himself was to reach the King's Picture, and the first word he ever spoke was the King, an argument he used upon his retirement, 1641. to those of the party (that had so much as to understand worth, and making advantage of his solitude for a temptation, pressed him to a neutrality) why, besides the impossibility of being a Neuter, he was resolved to stand by the Sovereignty and Government of his Native Country, while he could either speak or stand; his parts were so great, and his appetite to knowledge so large, that it was as much as four several Tutors, at Home, at Cambridge, and in France, and Italy, each taking his respective hour for the Art and Science he professed, to keep pace with his great proficiency; the vigour of his soul, advantaged by the strong constitution of his body, as that was by the temperance of his dyet. I am informed, that in all his life time, he took but one Antidote, and never purged but once, and then the Physic found no obnoxious humour to work upon, so healthful was his temper. The symbolising of their sober and grave temperr, rendered him as great a Favourite to Prince Charles, as his Cousin the a Wh●●● Mother ●●d married his Vn●le Sir 〈◊〉. Compton. Duke of Buckingham was of King james, being his Companion at home, and an Attendant on him abroad, particularly in Spain, where I am told he waited upon him in the quality of Master of his Robes and Wardrobe, and had the honour to deliver all the Presents made by the Prince there, amounting to 64000 l. As he held the King's Train at the Coronation 1525. as Master of the Robes to his Majesty, with the Earl of Denbigh, who was Master of the Wardrobe. Two things he would have nothing to do with, 1. Church-lands, because his direct Ancestor, being not only Chief Gentleman of King Henry the Eighths' Bedchamber, but the third man in his favour, had not a Shooe-latchet of Abbey-land (as there was none in all his ancient paternal estate) though, saith my Author, nothing debarred him save his own abstinence. 2. Enclosures, since Captain Powch (a poor fellow with a powch, wherein he said there was that which would secure his followers, though there was nothing in it, but a piece of mouldy Cheese) with so many thousand people, did so much mischief, because of Enclosures in Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, and Leicester-shire. He could not endure jesting with Religion, there being no people of what Religion soever, but had serious and great thoughts of their Numen; nor an oath on any, except Judicial and Solemn occasions, often repeating that of Prince Henry, That he knew no game or Value, to be won or lost, that was worth an Oath. Having been so many years a witness of the King's Majesties gracious disposition, & for solong a time had experience of the benefit of his Majesty's Government, & the comfort of the Religion established; upon the Faction breaking out of their shell upon the warmth of the present peace and plenty, and peeping out of their privacy, wherein like the Hedge-hogg they rounded themselves in their prikcles without motion, & took aim at the government; seeing the contracts of the Nobility and tumults of the commonalty walking formerly; so ugly they are in themselves with the borrowed face of Religion, but now in the heat of their success casting off that cloak, break out daily into outrages, as much against Policy as Piety, as simple as scandalous; (the licentious having given reins to their looseness, are not able to stop themselves) he not only dissented from their proceedings in all public counsels, but prepared to second that dissent with Arms, wherewith he was the best furnished, when there was occasion to make use of them, of any Nobleman in England; having settled his estate, and advanced several thousands towards the public service, making the noblest appearance 1639. against the Scots, and the most effectual provision 1642. against the English; waiting upon his Majesty to York, to advise in the Ardua Regni, attest the clearness of his Majesties procedures, and vow his assistance, as appears by his hand to several public Declarations from that place; from whence summoning as many good Soldiers and honest Gentlemen, as were of his acquaintance, the one to raise the Country, and the other to lead and command by the untained reputation of his name, the moderation and sobriety of his principles, the exemplary regularity of his person and family, the justice and generosity of his dealing with his neighbours and dependants; the hospitality and alms of his house, the sweetness of his spirit, amazed such a Body in Warwickshire, as having seized on the Ordnance at Banbury, and marching resolutely against the Lord Brooks, checked his Career, awed the Country to Allegiance, consigning that Lord to two or three Garrisons he had suddenly made for his retreat (and this notwithstanding a Letter from the a As it was called. Parliament, May 30. 1642. to him, and such other Lords as they thought most serviceable to his Majesty, naming him in the first place; and after his generous answer, june 8. a Charge and Impeachment against him of very great Crimes and Misdemeanours) proceeding so vigorously, that he in twelve Skirmishes put a great stop to Essex his grand Rendez●●vous at Northampton; insomuch as that Essex should say, The going away of these sober Lords from us, is a great blow, not only in regard of th●ir interest and reputation, but of their vigilance and activity. Upon which score, hoping to gain them by their worst way of cruelty, their kindness, they forbear to proclaim my Lord Traitor, to render him desperate, though in vain, as he observed, since they had charged him with Misdemeanours that made him irreconcilable: Therefore he proceeds, securing most of the Arms Ammunition, and Garrisons in Warwickshire, Stafford shire, and Northamptonshire, and settling the Association, so as to be able to furnish his Majesty with two thousand of the best disciplined men in all the King's Army to Keinton-fight, and to Besiege Lich●ield (having made the Country, from Garrison to Garrison, one Line of Communication) when receiving intelligence of brereton and Gells coming to the Relief of the Place, with near four thousand horse and foot, he drew out a eleven hundred horse and dragoons● so dextrously, that he surprised and routed their house at Hopton heath (a place disadvantageous to their horse, by reason of the Cunniberries there) the deserted Foot leaving the field with one thousand five hundred Prisoners, two thousand Arms, some Ordnance, with four Drakes, with all their Ammunition and Baggage: An happy Victory, had it not cost the life of this gallant and faithful Lord (of whom the King said, That he was the greatest loss but one, he had had since the beginning of the Civil War) who Charging in the Head of his Troops, and by the unevenness of the ground, with the force of the Enemy, unhapply unhorsed, refused Quarter (saying, He would not owe his life to those, who had forfeited theirs) and having so many wounds, that he need fear none, being one great wound himself, he fell, to the great loss of his Majesty, and his Cause, not without a noble testimony and resentment from his very enemy's victory, attending him to his Grave, March 19 1642/ 3. dying as good a Protestant as he had lived. Mancum cadaver terrae mandavit, Integrum animum seminanimo Populo legavit & virtutem a Gul. C● miti Northamptoniae qui to●e B●lli civilis tempore pates●ae, & haeres erat vi●utis, & vinden ca●i●●. filio; hac tumulum adornans epigraphe. Non si nunc & olim sic erit. THE Life and Death OF Sir WILLIAM COMPTON. AN honourable person, of such temperance from his youth, that he seemed to be the St. Nicholas of our Church, of whom the report is, that when an Infant, hanging on his Mother's breast, he fasted Wednesdays and Fridays, and would not suck. He had no sooner accomplished himself by travel and study, but his honourable Brother, before mentioned, entreats his Company in his Expedition towards the settlement of the Association for his Majesty in their Country, where he had an excellent faculty of undeceiving those that wrested the Scripture by Scripture, his Head being a Concordance, especially of St. Paul's Epistles; and he advising it as very prudential, to condescend to levelly discourses at the capacity of the people, and to convince them in their own dialect; having with him one who had the best command of rain and sunshine in his Face, to smile and weep at pleasure, his tears flowing at will, melted the affections of many; though others better acquainted with the man, no more regarded his weeping, than they did the moist droppings of a stone-wall against rainy weather. Small resistance he had (the disorderly people not knowing how to digest themselves into a body, as who expects that a rolling Snowball should have any curious fashion?) men at first only fight in a compliment, until having bravely brought off his Regiment after three onsets (wherein his horse was twice shot under him) by two Brigades of the enemy, it fell to his lot to be Governor of Banbury, for the retaking whereof he had contributed so much by his courage and counsel, where his first care was a civil and strict carriage to win those professing people, disposing his men so easily, paying for so honesty, and countenancing Religion among them so exemplarily, that the people of the place professed, that if the King's Army carried its self so in other places, they admired with what conscience any godly man could lift up a hand against them; and his next by his own industry (being in his turn upon all works and watches, as well as the meanest man among them) and the peoples, to strengthen the Town, which by reason of its nearness to Oxford, and its command over the adjoining Counties, he resolved to keep, as a place of very great consequence to the King, and aimed at as of no less consequence to the other side, especially, since his indefatigable way of Beating up Quarters, rendered him (of whose men, some in their turns for three years together, were observed always on horseback, either relieving neighbours (witness that admirable relief of jackson) gathering Contributions, or alarming the enemy) as troublesome at Banbury, as Colonel Massey was at Gloucester; the reason why, after some little attempts before, 1644. the enemy came from Northampton with so many Miners and Colliers, July 19 continuing their Mines till Aug. 27. on which day it was assaulted by several Mines, Storms, and Battering, with a Summons, to which Sir William returned this answer, That they kept the Castle for his Majesty, and as long as one man was left alive in it, willed him not to expect to have it delivered. And after several Batteries on three sides of the Castle, and seven Mines obstructed by water, with an endeavour, with much loss, to drain the outmost Mote. Another, September 16. to which Sir William returned this answer by the Trumpeter, That he had formerly answered them, and wondered they would send again: whereupon they proceed fiercely to their Assaults and Batteries, together with their Granades, and great Ordnances (of the one 346. of the other 767. for a week together) though answered with frequent Sallies, insomuch, that having made a breach upon the West-wall of the outward of the Castle (the upper part near thirty yards in length, but the inside wall lined with earth) they Storm it about nine a clock in the morning, September 23. with six hundred of their choicest men, twelve being picked out of each Company with burdens on their backs to fill the Mote, falling on with Scaleing-ladders in four several places, besides a great throng of them in the Breach, but without effect, Sir William himself maintaining the Breach, and giving order in all the other parts, so that they fell off, desiring leave, after the Garrison had stripped them, to bury their dead, especially, after the dreadful execution made upon them, by a sally Sir William ordered upon them, under Lieutenant Colonel Green the next day, when, with the men of Sechem, they were very sore. And not long after, according to the good correspondence and intellegence Sir William had with his Majesty's Forces, the Siege was raised by the right honourable the Earl of Northampton, and Sir Henry Gage on the one side, and himself on the other; the Besiegers being dispersed, and their Carriages, Horses, three Wagons of Arms and Ammunition, two Field-pieces, being taken and sent into the Castle. A piece of service (considering that Sir William was not for a eleven weeks in Bed, so great his vigilance; nor for a week off the Works, so unwearied his diligence; that he had Prayers four times every day, the spiritual arms seconding the temporal, so eminent his piety, that he acted all things by common counsel and consent, such his wariness and prudence: He countermined the enemy a eleven times, and overreached them by stratagems six times, such his skill. He trusted no man without his own immediate oversight, such by care; he seldom failed in his aim, so exact this level; he had no Mutinies either in Town or Garrison, so equal his a Especially in m●king and distributing Provisions. Justice, and happy his Government) not to be equalled, but by another in 1646. when Banbury was besieged the second time as jerusalem was in the time of a Passeover, when all the Synagogues doing homage to the Mother-Temple, all judaea was there the Guests, Cavaliers come from other places, being more than the Inhabitants) by Whaley with a 1000 Foot, and four Troops of Horse, who lay before it ten weeks ere Sir William would hearken to any terms, as nobly angry with the Fortune of his Cause, as disdainfully vexed with the disparagement of the siege; the Castle able to defy their entire Army, having defeated a far by countermining underground, and throwing Stones and Granades above ground, yielded not till the whole Kingdom submitted (against which it had been folly to lose themselves in an unequal and vain contest) to Providence rather than Conquest, going off May 8. upon these honourable terms: All Officers with Horses, Swords, Goods, Money, and Passes, with a safe Conduct whether they pleased, without any Arrest or Molestation, by virtue whereof Sir William had his liberty to settle his Affairs (and I know not whether he be, or another (Sir William Compton of Frith in Kent, compounded for 0660 00 00) as he did, yet hazarded all again to serve his Majesty in the Kentish. Expedition, where in my Lord goring absence he Commanded as Major General; in which capacity, notwithstanding the difficulties he was to wade through, he made a comfortabl● provision for the Army in Greenwich-Park amidst the infinite distractions; And when a fatal infatuation and a panic fear guided them into the Parliaments hands, he approving himself more complete in Gallantry, Wisdom, Virtue, and Honour, than years, discovered the snare, kept them together so as to make honourable terms for them to go upon; The laying down of their Arms where they pleased, under which pretence he drew them through the Enemy, taking many of them Prisoners within a mile of London, to the general astonishment of that whole City, an action of great consequence, as was the satisfaction he gave the Country all along in Essex he marched, concerning the Principles whereupon they engaged, and the infinite pains and care he took to keep the Garrison in its highest distress in some competent order in Colchester by great Instructions, and a greater example; where being taken a Prisosoner of War, he suffered all the indignities that insulting meanness could offer there, being no pretended Plot, but there was occasion to take him Prisoner, whom O. C. called the sober young man, and the godly Cavalier, especially in Penruddocks business 1655. and Sir Henry Slingshies 1658. He with the Earl of Oxford, the Lord Bellasi●, Sir john Russel, called then the Sealed knot, managing all the eight attempts made for his Majesty's Restauration from 1652. to 1659. when others having the charge of raising other Countries in pursuance of Sir George Booths design, Sir William Compton, Sir Thomas Leventhorp, and Mr. Fanshaw, undertook Hertford-shire, and that project failing, he doth with incredible industry and prudence observe and improve the struggle of a giddy people now reeling into Liberty, by degrees withdrawing the force that awed them; and assisting in the gradual changes of the Government, suiting with particular persons gust, in order to that great change that satisfied all, taking care when the Royal interest was in view in a public Declaration, which he with other Noble, Reverend, and excellent Persons subscribed, lest any offence might be taken at the whole party of Cavaliers (to the prejudice of the expected settlement) from the indiscretions or transports of any single persons promising, without any regard to particular Factions or Interests, to submit quietly and cheerfully to the present power, as it was vested in the Council of State, in expectation of the future Parliament, which producing that blessed effect the three Nations unanimonsly wished for, this Noble Person had as great a share in the Comforts, as he had formerly in the cares and sufferings, being entrusted with the Important place of Master of the Ordnance, till he died 1663. at Drury-lane, a sudden, death to all persons but himself. Hem viator! Arma foris, consilium do●i! Cui maximum monimentum est suum nomen Gulielmus Comptonus Eq. Auratus Comitis Northamptoniae Filius Frater Avun●ulus Carolo I. ab Armis juvenis, Carolo Secundo. a consiliis vix Senex. 1663. THE Life and Death OF Sir CHARLES COMPTON, TWin to Sir William in actions, as well as Birth; one History serveth both, as well as did once one Picture: Of whom one may say, as one did of his Country Warwickshire, that it was the Heart, but not the Core of England, having nothing Coarse in his life, having had the same Education with his Brother (saving that he excelled in two great Accomplishments for Pleasure and Business, Music and Mathematics, without the first of which he would affirm that a man was no Company; and without the second of no use.) He took to the same War, being as eminent for Sobriety, Discipline, Moderation, Conduct, Vigilance, and Activity in the field, where he Commanded as Colonel, as his Brother was in the Garrison where he Commanded as Governor. There are two wonders in his life. 1. His surprise of Breston-Castle with six men, and himself by pretending to bring in Provision according to a Letter he intercepted (as he did many, reckoning his intelligence the main piece of his service, and having always abroad his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, his many Eyes and Ears, as men of business must) which enjoined it the next Towns. 2. His having two Pistois clapped in his very face, and yet neither fire, but the owners which were so sure of his life, losing by his side both their own. He was as much for Pasturage and Enclosures in his Country, as his Brother was against them, answering those that complained, Sheep turned Cannibals in Warwickshire, eating up Men, Houses, and Towns, their Pastures make such depopulation, That though they make Houses the fewer in that Country, they made them the more in the Kingdom; Towns being more peopled by Clothing and Wool, than the Country is depopulated by pasturage: Indeed (to use the words of a modern Author in this Case;) Corn doth visibly employ the poor in the place where it groweth by Ploughing, Sowing, Mowing inning, threshing: but Wool invisibly maintaineth people at many miles distance, by Carding, Spinning, Weaving, Dressing, and Dying, so that Abel need not kill Cain; the Shepherd undo the Husbandman, but both subsist comfortably together. What service he did his Majesty and his Father during the Rebellion, we may guests by the trust reposed in him since the Restauration; his Prudence and Courage having been as effectual against the late Usurpation, as the Ash of his Country (a stand of which in Pikes in his Country men's hands, under his Conduct was impregnable) is against viperous Creatures, of which it, is said that a Serpent encircled with fire, and the boughs thereof will in this Dilemma, put itself rather on the hazard of fire, than adventure on the fence of Ashen-boughs: but it is unhappy that he was like that Ash too, of which it is written, that being cut down green, it burneth clear and bright, as if the sap thereof had a fire-feeding unctuousness therein. This Gentleman having measured his thoughts of Good and Evil, by the respects of a transitory life, but with relation to an eternal state, to which his life was in his esteem only a state of trial, died (by an unhappy accident (a fall off his Horse at Northampton) a truly wiseman, that had not respect to a few things, the least of any man needing that deathbed Repentance he used so much to plead for of the opposite opinion, to which he would say That it was a Tenent that would make heaven very empty; and yet never the more room there for the maintainers of so uncharitable opinion: leaving this observation of the late Usurpation, that the ruin of it was the old, but not so wellweighed custom of Tyrants to cut off all those steps, by which they ascended to their height, left leaving those stairs standing, others also might climb up the same way. M. S. Caroli Comptonii Eq. Aur. cui common cum Sculteto symbolum vicisse voluptatem volupt as maxima. THE Life and Death OF Sir SPENCER COMPTON. A Fourth Brother of this Noble Family, of whom the excellent Dr. Pierce in his Sermon upon his Parallel Mr. Peito, delivered this Character at Chesterton, That he was a Person so singularly qualified by Grace, Nature, and Education, that however his extraction was highly Noble, yet he thought he might confidently say it was the lowest thing in him. An happy Person, that from a due estimate of himself and this world, arrived at just thoughts of his work in the world; and finding his duty engraven in his Being, lived as a man ought to do, who being a middle person between those purely intellectual Being's that could not enjoy this world, and the purely sensual that could not understand it, was pitched upon as the fittest creature to inhabit this world, soberly enjoying the comforts of it, and seriously and devoutly reflecting on the Author of it. A Person that had just sentiments of the dignity of humane Nature in himself, and an universal Charity for it in others; one that measured not the wisdom he studied by the subtlety and curiosity of Speculation, by fineness of thoughts, depth of design, but a Noble design to keep up the Dignity of Mankind, by a discreet piety towards the first Being, by a sober and due government of his own actions; and a public justice and kindness towards all men, confining all thoughts of glory within the compass of virtue; and being good, and thinking nothing more dishonourable than sin; and being bad, pitying those ruins of mankind that had nothing about them but laughter and the shape of men, and thought themselves then to act most like men, when they approach nearest beasts; and so hitting upon right Principles, lived a great deal of life in a little time. When I consider how ingeniously upon the great principles of Reason and Religion, he would baffle those unhappy men, who having betrayed their weakness, in giving themselves over to lewd courses, throw away that little wit in defending them! how successfully would he reprove them, who, as he said, laughed themselves into eternal misery, to this purpose: Ah! Sirs, it is easier to laugh at goodness, than to practise it, it were worth the while to mock at sin, if so we could annihilate it; and make it as well nothing in itself, as to us. If the nature of things would so far vary with our humours, that goodness would be less excellent by being despised, or sin less dangerous by being thought so; urging them to name the man in all the Histories of the world, to whom the very suspicion of evil was not a dishonour, though the real guilt of it were now a glory. A discourse so much the more effectual from him, because he prevented the common cavil made against dehortation from sin, That it was only a thing some men live by declaining against, and others cannot live without the practice; being as much by his virtue above the latter imputation, as he was by his fortune above the first. What a vast progress he made through all solid and gentle Learning, that was either for ornament or use; and what a great proficiency in the experimental part of Religion, I cannot but annex to his life those words, that being made perfect in a short time Right honest, was to him a nobler title than Right Honourable; and therefore he adhered to his Sovereign the closer, for that which others deserted him, viz. his afflicted virtue; following the misfortunes of that Court, the pleasures whereof he would have avoided and been afraid of, choosing it, surely then, as the great Scene of Virtue; for though his extraction was noble, his fortune fair, his abilities great by nature, and greater by art and industry; yet was his modesty and meekness so far beyond all these, that the only vice we knew him guilty of, that he made it his business, rather to hide, than to exercise his virtue. And those two virtues (his modesty and his meekness) made him so swift to hear, so low to speak, as appeared when he was pleased to express himself, speaking much in a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Homer. few words, equally free from impertinency and superfluity. A sober, honest, and good man, three of the most illustrious Titles of Honour in the world, ●that led so well composed a life as he did, must needs have an easy death as he had, the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the happy calmness of death, the Emperor Augustus was used to wish for; for though sick of a Favour, yet the union between his soul and body was not violently broken, but leisurely untied; they parting like two friends, not by a rude falling out, but a loving farewell: A farewell to all the contentments of the world, not easily parallelled; for calling to him such excellent and reverend persons, then at Bruges, when he died, 1659. as Dr. Morley, and Dr. Earles, he raised himself upon his Pillow, and held out his arms, as if he were to embrace one, saying, O my jesus! and intimating the comforts that then flowed in from the holy Jesus into his soul; after which holy ecstasy, composing himself to a calm and serious discourse, like jacob scattering blessing when gathered, he said to the then standers by, a Exhorting some to sicquent prayers, others to temperance, others to seriousness. O be good, O be virtuous! etc. An argument of the sincerity of his own goodness, that he was so zealous to have it communicated to others; it being natural, as well to the living Christian, as to other living things, to beget his like. Departing, as much desired when he was gone, as admired by those that knew him whilst living, a loyal Subject, a generous Man, a good Christian, a loving Master, and entire Friend, an excellent Neighbour, and a very extraordinary Example; one of those to whose virtues and prayers winning upon men, and prevailing with God, we owe our Restauration. Spencer Comptonius, Eq. Aur. modesta nempe virtus quae Elogi, nec voluit viva, nec caret mortua quid enim pluribus de eo bene Scribamus; de quo nemo unquam vel mussitavit male. THE Life and Death OF Mr. HENRY COMPTON. OUT of respect to the Right Honourable the Earl of Northampton, I have put together the distant Lives and Deaths of his three Brothers; and to keep on in the name, I annex Henry Comptons', Son of Sir Henry Compton of Surrey. I think the very same Sir Henry Compton, of whom I find this Note in Haberdashers-hall. Sir Henry Compton of Brambleton, Com. Sussex, with 300 l. per annum settled 1372 02 00 A sober and a civil person this Henry Compton was, unhappy only in bad Company, which are apt to ensnare good natures, that like the good fellow Planet Mercury, is much swayed by neighbour Influences. No Company is uncomfortable (gladness its self would grieve for want of one to express its self to joy, like heat looseth strength for want of reflection) but bad Company is infectious, unless a man had the art, when with them, not to be of them: Like the River Dee in Merionithshire, which running through Pimblemcer, remains entire, and mingleth not her streams with the water of the Lake. But it were Tyranny to trample on him for those infirmities, he so often lay prostrate before God for, and what God hath graciously forgotten, let no man despitefully remember. His fall was as much the triumph of the Rebels, as his life was their shame; doing even when Religion was nothing but discourse, better than they could speak; his heart being better than their very tongues. The occasion of his death was the same with that of the Nations ruin, jealousies, and a strange suspicion, that because a Lady, my Lord Chandois Courted for him, his entire Friend and constant Bed-fellow, had a greater kindness for my Lord himself, than for him; that my Lord spoke two words for himself, for one he spoke for him. Jealousy, the rage of this good man, that shot vipers through his soul, not to be pacified with the arguments urged, the mediations used, the protestations made, though the most rational, and the best natured man living, after three days interposal, especially upon some mad fellows suggesting to his relenting thoughts, That it would be children's play to Challenge and not to Fight. How passion diverts reason, and lust overcomes? and that unhallowed heat towards a Mistress, the more sacred respect towards a Friend, through whose heart he must needs make a way to the other heart that scorned him. Fond men, that undervalue themselves so much, as to kill a man, that they may enjoy the pleasures of a beast; fond hope, to expect satisfaction in the enjoyment of that person, whom we cannot see without a guilt, that will make a Bed of Down a torment; when each blush of the woman, puts in mind of the blood shed for her, when each embrace recollects the last parting of dearest friends; when we cannot feel the wound love makes without a greater, from the thoughts of that hatred it gave. Blind love indeed, that killest the choicest friends for the deadliest foes! a strange way really to hate, out of suspicion that we may be hated; to be miserable, for fear of being miserable: But see the hand of God, to whom they appealed; he that would needs fight, falls; and be that would not, conquers, though the odds of Mr. Comptons' side was five to one. Duels (those exercises that become neither men, for men should reason and beasts fight; nor Christian, whose honour it is to suffer injuries, but neither to give, nor retaliate any) generally favour the most unwilling, as honour the thing they fight for, being a shadow followeth him most that flieth it. THE Life and Death OF GEORGE, Lord CHANDOIS. THE flames of Eteocles and Polynices, who had been at variance in the Field, when they lived, divided in their Urns, when they were dead. Not so here, but as a little dust thrown over them, reduceth Bees that swarm to a settlement; so a little earth cast upon them, compose the most mortal enemies to a reconciliation; our Passing Bells duly extinguishing our heats and animosities, as the Curfue-Bell rung in William the Conqueror's time every night at eight of the clock, put out all Fires and Candles. These noble persons, divided in their death, shall be united in their history, as they were in their lives; the great patterns of friendship agreeable in their tempers, infinitely obliging in their converse (for though they were always together, yet (such the great variety of their accomplishments) every hour they enjoyed one another, had its fresh pleasures; pleasures not allayed, but increased by enjoyment) open and clear in their carriage, mutually confident in their trusts, faithful in their reproofs and admonitions, tender in each others weaknesses and failings, ready to serve one another's occasions, impatient of a Vel present●● d●sideramu●. absence (for they lived and dwelled together) careful and jealous in each others concerns; in a word, observing the exact measures of the noblest relation in the world, Friendship. Bruges Lord Chandois, Baron of Sudely in the County of Gloucester, descended from G●●● Daughter of Ethrelred, a Saxon King of this Land, and Walter de Main a Nobleman of Normandy: His Ancestor Sir Io. Bruges (created Baron Chandois of Sudely, 1 Mariae 1553.) being under God the instrument of saving b Being Lieutenant of the Tower, when a Warrant was brought to Execute Queen Eliz. he showed it Queen Mary, who professed that she knew nothing of it and so saved h●r. Queen Elizabeth's life, as he was one of the many Noblemen that would have saved King Charles. For when the great part of the Peers, who were of the most Ancient Families and Noblest Fortunes, and a very great number of the House of Commons, persons of just hopes and fair Estates, withdrew to weaken those designs; which though they discovered, they durst not in London oppose, my Lord retired with the first, Witnessing the justice and honour of the Kings pro●eedings, june 15. and engaging to defend his Majesty's Crown and Dignity, together with his just and legal Prerogative, the true Protestant Religion Established by Law, the lawful Liberties of the Subjects of England, with the just Privileges of his Majesty and both his Houses of Parliament, against all Persons and Power whatsoever, not obeying any Orders or Commands whatsoever not waranted by the known Laws of the Land, june 13. 1644. at York under his Hand and Seal. And according to this Declaration, he hastened into Gloucestershire, first to disabuse the people. 1. Concerning the Idle and Seditious Scandals raised upon the King and his Government. 2. Touching Illegal Levies made, and Forces raised by a pretended Ordinance of the Militia, without the King's Authority, against the known Laws of the Land; being as active in dispersing his Majesty's Proclamations and Declarations, as others were in carrying about the Factious Pamphets; and when (those courses wanted their just effects, because of the judicial infatuation and delusion, poor people were given up to) to stop these horrid beginnings of a Civil War, by arming Tenants and Servants (raising, with Abraham, an Army out of his own house) and by Garrison his house (which by the Law is every man's Castle) at Sudeley near Winchcomb in Gloucestershire, seated on the meetings of the Vails and Woulds very commodiously to defend and command the Country, especially my Lords three darlings, as he called them, the a Here's the sundry Oaks in the Wood●, which the Spaniard in Queen Eliz time d● contrive by secret practices to have cut down and embezzled, and therefore they say he was the first that proposed the setting up of Iron, mills thereabout. Woods, the Clothing, and the Ironwork of that Country; with near a 1000 men and 5000 l. in Plate, he waits upon his Majesty at Shrewsbury, and thence (the Lord Say being too hard for him at home, surprising his house, and making an intolerable havoc, an essay to that plundering wherewith my Lord made them odious in those parts) all along to Edgehill, Branford, and Oxford, where his Majesty observed that his Counsels were well-grounded and happy, and his performances quick, and well-designed. His Castle in the mean time (too narrow a Sphere for his own activity) under the Command of Captain Bridges, and some sixty Soldiers being besieged by massy, with 300 Musqueteers and three Companies of Dragoons, and two Sakers, after a long Siege, several Assaults and Batteries, when they were almost smothered by the smoke of Hay and Barns burned about the house, yielded jan. 1642. a loss revenged by my Lord at Newbury, Sept. 20. 16●●. when with the Earls of Caernarvon, and Northampton, the true Heir of his Father's valour, Commanding his Majesty's Horse there, the King said, Let Chandois alone, his Errors are safe. From which Battle he went to Gloucester to secure several Garrisons, which he kept round about Sudeley, to hinder the Correspondence between Gloucester and Warwick, and consequently between it and London, gathering a Cloud about Gloucester (that only eyesore to his Majesty's Affairs in those parts) and disposing of himself at Chettenham, the Lord Herbert and Sir john Winter in the Forest; the Irish Forces on this side Berkley, and the Oxford at Painswick and Stroud; so effectually, that he recoureed Sudeley, and distressed Gloucester, till he was called with other Lords, jan. 22. 1643. to the Parliamentary Convention at Oxford, made up of such honourable Members as could not with safety and honour sit where they were called by Writ, as the King, to advise with whom they were called, could not at Westminster; where he subscribed a Letter of Accommodation to the Earl of Essex, jan. 27. to the Privy-Council, and the Conservations of the Peace of the Kingdom of Scotland, in pursuance of the Act of Pacification against the Scots, Invasion, jan. 29. and to the men at Westminster, Feb. 6. 1643. all full of all the reason, condescension, and all lawful compliance in the world for the Peace of the Kingdom, as were the several Messages for Treaty of Peace, a free and full Parliament, sent during that Session of Parliament, which concluded April 15. 1644. with an humble Petition to his Majesty to continue his Care and Resolutions for the maintenance of the true Religion, the established Laws, frequent Parliaments and Synods, strict Discipline in the Army, with as much regard as can be to the ease of the Subjects, in whose behalf they prayed that the present exigencies of War, and Necessity, might not be drawn into example. For these public Services he made a shift to deserve (besides frequent Imprisonments, a Sequestration from his Country's service, and being turned to herd with the Commons) this heavy Composition, George Lord Chandois 3975 10 00 and what escaped Sequestration, he bestowed in generous relief of Reverend and excellent Persons, who wanted not their own Estates as long as he had any of his, many Cavaliers he entertained; all according to their respective qualities: he did endeavour to serve and promote, among others, the accomplished Mr. H. Compton, dear to him for his relations sake, and dearer for his virtues; virtues! that sweetened sad times, and made the owners of them happier in enjoying themselves, than the world. This excellent Person admitted to his own affections, he endeavoured to recommend to a Ladies of his acquaintance, who vouchsafed him (whose Fortune and Person was below few Matches in the Kingdom) that respect for my Lord's sake while his Lady lived, that to his great trouble she would needs force upon himself when she died; which Mr. Compton was so transported with (though my Lord protested against her kindness to him, and directed Mr. Compton to prevent it, by pressing his Marriage with her, telling him one morning as they were a-bed together, that he should find she was a Woman, and fickle) above the meekness of his nature, and of Religion (that in the precepts and examples of it, hath taught mankind to suffer the greatest evils before they do the least, and supposed its Professors so meek, humble, patient, and charitable, that it hath nothing against shedding of blood more than the Injunctions of nature; and Moses (he being looked upon as an Apostate, who renounceth Christ, that quits his patience to give way to wrath) to take up a course begun by wicked and branded Cain, the first Dueller (who as the Syriack, Chaldee, and LXX. read that Text, said to his Brother, Let us go into the field) and continued against all the Civil and Sacred Laws that obtained among all b Vid. Hotcomm & Spelm in verbo Ordeal. sober people, only by the Goths and Vandals (who not enduring the ingenious way of ending Controversies by Reason and Law, brought in the barbarous kind of decisions by handling hot Iron, walking barefoot on burning Coals, scalding Water, and the brutish Combat, or Duel) and first affront my Lord, and since he was like Love, not easily provoked; afterwards challenge him, who in point of honour, as young Gallants cant, must answer him, and show that he understood not the value of his honourable life; only satisfy two or three Hectors, that forsooth he feared not death; setting up his own Honour against the humour of Orlando Furioso, Christ's express precept, and example of meekness and patience; as if it were not an higher honour to pass by and pity trivial offences, than only to quarrel with them, since by the last we are even with our adversary, and by the first above him. Loath was my Lord at first, and loath both when they had slept at Brentford, where Mr. C. had an ominous Dream, a fair warning to awaken his reason (that like Christ was asleep in this storm of his passion, from him who sometimes speaks by dreams, sometimes by Visions in the night) to sacrifice their lives to their own, and a Lady's follies, till edged on by some of their unhappy company, who swore, What? children's play; nay but you shall fight. They did very honourably indeed forego their Lives, the one to the Sword of his Friend, and the other to the mercy of the Law; Mr. c This is remarkal● in this story, that Mr. G●se●led his Estate upon the aforesaid Lady, and that she the next day after his death made it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to his relations. Compton (who was told by him that he needed not to have used a Sword to search into his breast, which when if he should open, he would say (he said) that he had killed a Friend; (though he never loved the man as Friend, that he feared as an Enemy) but was not heard by him, who thought it was his art to woo) lying at his mercy as he did (which troubled him most of all, that he must beg his life of those that had forfeited theirs) at the cruel mercy of the Usurpers, dying a while after of the Small Pox, 1655/6. En Nobil. Georgii Bar. Chandois cineres paenitentiales qui lachrimis mixti Invitam abluere culpam, quae eadem erat Herois & paena! magnanimo, munifico, pio, & maximo viro erat unus error erat veneri una Labes. Abi Generosa juventus quae tumida ferves vena: nec tanti emas paenitere! nec in facinus praeceps ruas bis lugendum, & cum patras & cum Luis. THE Life and Death Of the Right Honourable ROBERT DORMER, Earl of Caernarvon. RObert Dormer (Grandchild to Robert Dormer Esq Created Baronet by King james, june 10. 1615. and Baron Dormer of Wing in Buckingham-shire, the thirtieth of the same Month in the same year) was by King Charles in the fourth year of his Reign made Viscount Ascot, and Earl of Caernarvon, a Person of whom King Charles the First might say, as Lewis the 13 th'. said of his Favourite Luynes, that considering the debonairness of his temper when disposed to be merry, he was a very fit man to be trusted with the King's Majesty's Game, as he was, being by a Grant to him and his Heirs Chief Avenor: and with respect to the vastness of his parts when disposed to be serious, he was very capable of the most concerning trust, which he had by Patent, as Lord Lieutenant. His nature was not so much wild, as great: and his spirit rather extraordinary than extravagant; to be admired rather than blamed, as what age and experience fixed every day more and more into a comprehensive wisdom, a deep understanding, a strong resolution, and a noble activity. His Recreations were rather expensive than brutish, not unmanning his person, as Drunkenness, etc. which he hated perfectly, he being prone of those that gave occasion to the scandalous, and odiously comparitive Proverb, As drunk as a Lord, as drunk as a Beggar; but if moderately used, becoming his Dignity as Gaming, etc. which he affected inordinately, though he left this caution to Posterity: That he that makes playing his business, makes his business a play; and that Gaming swallow Estates, as the Gulf did Curtius and his Horse. A man knoweth where he begins that pleasure, but is utterly ignorant where he shall end; besides, that there is no pleasure worthy an excellent spirit in high Gaming, which can have no satisfaction in it, besides either sordid Coveting of what is another's, or a foolish Prodigality of what is their own; making that breach in their own inheritance sometimes in one week, which they and their Heirs cannot repair in many years. The temperature of his mind as to moral habits, was rather disposed to good than evil; he was a Courtier and a young Man, a Profession, and an Age prone to such desires, as when they tend to the shedding of no Man's blood, to the ruin of no family, humanity sometimes connives at, though she never approves of; so that we may say of this Great man, as one doth of a greater, That those things we wish in him, are fewer than the things we praise. Being a Servant, not only to his Majesty's Prosperity, but to his Person; waiting on him, not out of Interest, but out of Love and Conscience; no sooner appeared the Conspiracy in Buckingham-shire, but he discountenanced it upon all occasions, with his interest; and when it broke out in the North, he Marched to oppose it with two thousand men, whom (when he could in Parliament, neither save the Life of his Majesty's most faithful Servant, not preserve the Honour of his Majesty's Person, being resolved rather to perish with the known Laws of the Land, than to countenance them that designed the overthrow of them) he led, to wait on his Majesty to York, where having, with the rest of the Nobility, attested the integrity of his Majesty's proceedings, and vowed his defence, under his Hand and Seal, he Rendezvouzed, Marching to settle the Commission of Array, in Oxford-shire and Buckingham-shire, with so much activity, that we find him with the Earls of Cumberland, Newcastle, and Rivers, excepted by the Party at Westwinster, out of the first Indemnity, a In the fourth Article of Essex his commission. 1642. they offered for their actions in behalf of his Majesty, as the Earl of Bristol, the Lords Viscount Newarke and Faulkland, Sir Edward Hyde, Sir Edward Nicholas, Master Endymion Porter, were for their Counsels and Writing. And having disciplined his Regiment, we find him the Reserve generally to the King's Horse in all Engagements, as first to Prince Rupert in Edge-hill, where his error was too much heat, in pursuing an advantage against the Enemy's Horse, in the mean time deserting and leaving naked his own Foot; and afterwards to the Lord Willmot at Roundway-down, where by Charging near, and Drawing up his men to advantage, not above six in a File, that they might all engage, he turned the fortune of the day, as he had done at Newbury, (receiving Sir Philip Stapleton with this Regiment of Horse, and Essex his Lifeguard with a brisk Charge, and pursuing them to their Foot) had not a private hand put an end to his life and actions, when breathing out his last, he asked, Whether the King was in safety? Dying with the same care of his Majesty, that he lived. So he lost his life, fight for him who gave him his honour, at the first b Septemb. 20. 1643. battle of Newbury. Being sore wounded, he was desired by a Lord, to know of him, what suit he would have to his Majesty in his behalf? the said Lord promising to discharge his trust, in presenting his request, and assuring him, that his Majesty would be willing to gratify him to the utmost of his power. To whom the Earl replied, I will not die with a Suit in my mouth to any King, save to the King of Heaven. By Anne Daughter to Philip Earl of Pembroke and Mountgomery, he had Charles now Earl of Caernarvon. From his noble extract he received not more honour than he gave; it for the blood that was conveyed to him, through so many illustrious veins, he derived to his Children, more maturated for renown; and by a constant practice of goodness, more habituated to virtue. His youth was prepared for action by study, without which even the most eminent parts of Noblemen seem rough and unpleasant, in despite of the splendour of their fortune: But his riper years endured not those retirements, and therefore broke out into manlike exercises at home, and travail abroad. None more Noble, yet none more modest; none more Valiant, yet none more patient. A Physician at his Fathers-in-law Table gave him a Lie, which put the Company to admire, on the one hand the man's impudence, and on the other my Lords mildness; until he said, I'll take the Lie from him, but I'll never take Physic of him: He may speak what doth not become him, I'll not do what is unworthy of me. A virtue this! not usual in Noblemen, to whom the limits of equity seem a restraint, and therefore are more restless in injuries. In the midst of horror and tumults, his soul was sere●e and calm. As humble he was as patient. Honour and Nobility, to which nothing can be added, hath no better way to increase, than when secured of its own greatness, it humbleth itself, and at once obligeth love, and avoideth envy. His carriage was a condescending as Heroick, and his speech as weighty as free; he was too great to envy any man's parts and virtues, and too good to encourage them; many times would he stoop with his own spirit, to raise other men's. He neglected the minutes and little circumstances of compliance with vulgar humours, aiming at what was more solid and more weighty: Moderate men are applauded, but the Heroick are never understood. Constant he was in all that was good: This was his Heroic expression, when solicited by his Wife's Father, to desist from his engagement with the King, Leave me to my Honour and Allegiance. No security to him worth a breach of trust, no interest worth being unworthy. His conduct was as eminent in war, as his carriage in peace; many did he oblige by the generosity of his mind, more did he awe with the hardiness of his body; which was no more softened to sloth, the dalliances of a Court, than the other was debauched to carelessness by the greatness of his fortunes. His prudence was equal to his valour, and could entertain dangers as well as despise them; for he not only undeceived his enemy's surmises, but exceeded his own friends opinion in the conduct of his Soldiers; of whom he had two cares, the one to his discipline, the other to preserve them; therefore they were as completely armed without, as they were well appointed within; that surviving their first dangers, they might attain that experience and resolution, which is in vain expected from young and raw Soldiers. To this conduct of a General, he added the industry of a Soldier, doing much by his performances, more by his example; that went as an active soul to enliven each part, and the whole of his brave Squadron. But there is no doubt, but personal and private sins may oft times overbalance the justice of public engagements. Nor doth God account every Gallant a fit instrument, to assert in the way of war a righteous Cause; the event can never state the justice of any Cause, nor the peace of men, consciences, nor the eternal fate of their souls. They were no doubt Martyrs, who neglected their lives, and all that was dear to them in this world, having no advantageous design by any innovation, but were religiously sensible of those ●ies to God, the Church, their Country, which lay upon their souls, both for obedience and just assistance. God could, and I doubt not but he did, through his mercy crown many of them with eternal life, whose lives were lost in so good a Cause; the destruction of their bodies being sanctified a means to save their souls. Such who object that he was extremely wild in his youth, put me in mind of the return which one made to an ill natured man in a Company, who with much bitterness had aggravated the loose youth of an aged and godly Divine; You have proved (said he) what all knew before, with much pains, that Paul was a great Persecutar before he was Converted: Besides that, as many than spoke more demurely than they lived, he lived more strictly than he spoke; taking that liberty in his discourse, he did not in his actions. Hem Fides inconcussa, & invictus animus qui occidi potuit, non potuit vinci, animam efflans precando pro rege; pro quo non licuit amplius pugnare. Huic a Wing in Buckingham-shire. loco ossa Legavit pro oracul● ubi post obitum Peregrinatus tandem quievis semel mortus, Bis tumulatus ter fletus, quater Faelix. Quem puduit animam a tergo exire. THE Life and Death OF EDWARD, Lord HERBERT Of Cherbury. EDward Herbert, Son of Richard Herbert, Esquire, and Susan Newport his Wife, was born at Mountgomery-Castle, and brought to Court by the Earl of Pembroke, where he was Knighted by King james, who sent him over Ambassador into France. Afterwards King Charles the First, Created him Baron of Castle-Island in Ireland, and some years after Baron of Cherbury in Mountgomery-shire. He was a most excellent Artist and rare Linguist, studied both in Books and Men, and himself the Author of two Works most remarkable, viz. A. Treatise of Truth, written in French, so highly prized beyond the Seas, and (they say) it is extant at this day with great honour in the Pope's Vatican. And an History of King Henry the Eighth, wherein his Collections are full and authentic, his Observation judicious, his Connexion strong and coherent, and the whole exact. He Married the Daughter and sole Heir of Sir William Herbert of St. julian's in Monmouth-shire, with whom he had a large inheritance in England and Ireland, and died in August, Anno Domini, 1648. having designed a fair Monument of his own invention, to be set up for him in the Church of Mountgomery, according to the Model following; Upon the ground a Hath-pace of fourteen Foot square, on the midst of which is placed a Doric Column, with its right of Pedestal Basis, and Capitols fifteen Foot in height, on the Capitol of the Column is mounted a Urn with a heart flamboul, supported by two Angels. The foot of this Column is attended with four Angels, placed on Pedestals, at each corner of the said Hath-pace; two having Torches reversed, Extinguishing the Motto of Mortality; the other two holding up Palms, the Emblems of Victory. When this Noble Person was in France, he had private Instructions from England, to mediate a Peace for them of the Religion; and in case of refusal, to use certain menaces. Accordingly, being referred to Luynes the Constable and Favourite of France, he delivereth him the Message, reserving his threatenings, till he saw how the matter was relished. Luynes had hid behind the Curtains a Gentleman of the Religion, who being an earwitness of what passed, might relate to his friends, what little expectations they ought to entertain from the King of England's intercession. Luynes was very haughty, and would needs know what our King had to do with their affairs. Sir Edward replied; It is not to you, to whom the King my Master oweth an account of his actions; and for me it is enough that I obey him. In the mean time, I must maintain, That my Master hath more reason to do, what he doth, than you to ask, why he doth it? Nevertheless, if you desire me in a gentle fashion, I shall acquaint you further. Whereupon Luynes bowing a little, said, very well. The Ambassador answered, That it was not on this occasion only, that the King of Great Britain had desired the Peace and Prosperity of France, but upon all other occasions, when ever any War was raised in that Country, and this he said was his first reason. The second was, That when a Peace was settled there, his Majesty of France, might be better disposed to assist the Palatine in the affairs of Germany. Luynes said, We will have none of your advices. The Ambassador replied, That he took that for an answer, and was sorry only that the affection, and the good will of the King his Master was not sufficiently understood; and that since it was rejected in that manner, he could do no less than say, That the King his Master knew well enough what he had to do. Luynes answered, We are not afraid of you. The Ambassador smiling a little, replied, If you had said you had not loved us, I should have believed you, and made another answer: In the mean time, all that I will tell you more is, That we know very well what we have to do. Luynes hereupon rising from his Chair, with a fashion and countenance a little discomposed, said, By God, if you were not Mounsieur the Ambassador, I know very well how I would use you. Sir Edward Herbert rising also from his Chair, said, That as he was his Majesty of Great Britain's Ambassador, so he was also a Gentleman, and that his Sword whereon he laid his hands, should do him reason if he had taken any offence. After which Luynes replying nothing, the Ambassador went on his way toward the door, and Luynes seeming to accompany him, he told him there was no occasion to use such Ceremony after such Language, and departed, expecting to hear further from him: But no message being brought him from Luynes, he had in pursuance of his Instructions, a more civil Audience of the King at Coignac, where the Marshal of St. Geran told him he had offended the Constable, and he was not in a place of Security here: Whereunto he answered, That he held himself to be in a place of security wheresoever he had his Sword by him. Luynes resenting the affront● got Cadenet his Brother Duke of Chaun, with a ruffling train of Officers (whereof there was not one, as he told King james, but had killed his man) as an Ambassador Extraordinary to misreport their Traverses so much to the disparagement of Sir Edward, that the Earl of Carlisle sent to accomdate le Mal Entendu, that might arise between the two Crowns, got him called home; until the Gentleman behind the Curtains, out of his duty to Truth and Honour, related all circumstances so, as that it appeared, that though Luynes gave the first affront, yet Sir Edward kept himself within the bounds of his Instructions and Honour, very discreetly and worthily. Insomuch that he fell on his knees to King james before the Duke of Buckingham, to have a Trumpeter, if not an Herald, sent to Mounsieur Luynes, to tell him, that he made a false relation of the passages before mentioned, and that Sir Edward Herbert would demand reason of him with Sword in hand on that point. The King answered, He would take it into consideration: But Luynes a little after died, & Sir Edw. was sent Ambassador to France again, and otherwise employed so, that if it had not been for fear and jealousies, the bane of public services, he had been as great in his actions, as in his writings; and as great a Statesman, as he is confessed a Scholar. Sanctior in sacra tumulatur pulvis arena, dum mens sideribus purior Astra colit Mnemosynum cui ne desit, marmorque dolorque Aeterno Fletus nectare nomen alunt Pignoraque ingeniis & matrissantia formis tot stant historiae tot monument a tui; Veritatem Quaerit Philosophia; Invenit Theologia fruitur pietas. THE Life and Death OF Dr. JOHN WILLIAMS, Lord Archbishop of York. DOctor john Williams, born at Aber Conway in Caernarvonshire, bred Fellow of St. john's College in Cambridge, and Proctor of that University, hath this Character That a strong Constitution made his parts, a strict Education improved them; unwearied was his Industry, unexpressible his capacity. He never saw the Book of worth he read not, he never forgot what he read; he never lost the use of what he remembered: Every thing he heard or saw was his own; and what was his own, he knew how to use to the utmost. His Extraction being Gentile, his large and Noble, his Presence and Carriage comely and stately, his Learning Copious, his Judgement stayed, his Apprehension clear and searching, his Expression lively and Effectual, his Elocution flowing and Majestic, his Proctorship, 1612. discovered him a Person above his Place; and his Lectures to his Pupils, above his Preferment. Bishop Vaughan first admitted him to his Family, and then to his bosom; there his strong Sermons, his exact Government (under my Lord,) his plentiful observation, his numerous acquaintance, made him my Lord Chancellor egerton's Friend, rather than his Servant; his Familiar, rather than his Chaplain. Never was there a more communicative Master to instruct, than my Lord Elsemere never a more capable Scholar to learn than Dr. Williams, who had instilled to him all necessary State Maxims while his old Master lived, and had bequeathed unto him four excellent Books when his Master was dead. These four Books he presented to King james the very same time that he offered himself to the Duke of Buckingham The excellent Prince observed him as much for the first gift, as the Noble Duke (of Buckingham) did for the second: The King and Duke made him their own, who they saw had made that excellent Book his. Willing was King james to advance Clergymen, and glad to meet with men capable of advancements.;; His two Sermons at Court made him Dean of Westminster; his exact state of the Earl of Somersets Case made him capable of, and the King's inclination to trust his Conscience in a Divines hand, settled him in a Lord Keeper's place actually, only for three years to please the people, (who were offended with his years, now but thirty four, and his Calling a Divine● but designedly for ever to serve his Majesty. The Lawyers despised him a Sir Edward Cook hath somewhere a saying that Divines meddle with Law, but they commit great Errors. at first, but the Judges admired him at last: and one of them said, That never any man apprehended a Case so clearly, took in 〈◊〉 the Law, Reason, and other Circumstances more punctually, recollected the various Debates more faithfully, summed it up more compendiously, and concluded more judiciously and discreetly: For many of them might have read more than he, but none digested what they had read more solidly; none disposed of their reading more methodically, none therefore commanded it more readily. He demurred several Orders, as that of my Lord Chancellor's pardon, the Earl Marshal's Patent, etc. to let his Majesty see his Judgement; yet passed them, to let him see his Obedience: He would question the Duke's Order sometimes discreetly, to let him know he understood himself; yet he would yield handsomely, to let him see he understood him: and indeed he had the admirable faculty of making every one of his actions carry prudence in the performance. Necessary it was, for one of his years and place, to keep his distance, to avoid contempt; yet fatal was to him to do so, and incur envy. Well understood he the interest of all his places, and resolutely he maintained them. What, saith he, shall the Liberties of Westminster he infringed, when the chief Favourite is Steward, and the Lord Keeper D●an, and I the Contemptible man that must be trampled on? When he was in trouble, what passion, what insinuation, what condescension hath he at command? when Petitioned to, how quickly he looked through men and business? how exactly would he judge, and how resolutely conclude, without an immediate intimation from his Majesty or the Duke? Many eyes were upon him, and as many eyes were kept by him upon others; being very watchful on all occasions to accommodate all emergencies, and meet with all humours, always keeping men in dependence on the Duke, according to this intimation of his— Cabal 287. Let him hold it, but by your Lordship's favour, not his own power. A good way, had he been constant to it, the neglect whereof undid him; for designing the promotion of Dr. Price to the Bishopric of Armagh, he moved it to the Duke, who told him it was disposed of to Dr. Vsher. Whereupon he went his own way to advance that man, and overthrew himself: for then his Lord let him feel what he had threatened my Lord Bacon when he advanced him; That if he did not owe his Preferment always to his favour, he should owe his fall to his frown. The peremptoriness of his judgement rendered him odious: his compliance with Bristol, suspected; and his Sermon at King James' Funeral (his trial, rather than his Preferment) obnoxious. His spirit was great to act, and too great to suffer. It was prudence to execute his Decrees against all opposition while in power; it was not so, to bear up his miscarriages against all Authority, while in disgrace. A sanguine Complexion, with its Resolutions, do well in pursuit of success: Phlegm and its patience do better in a Retreat from micarriages. This he wanted, when (it may be thinking fear was the passion of King Charles' Government as well as King james) he seconded his easy fall with loud and open discontents, and those discontents, with a chargeable defence of his Servants that were to b 〈…〉 justify them, and all ●●th that unsafe popularity, invidious pomp, and close irregularity that laid him open to too many active persons that watched him. Whether his standing out against Authority to the perplexing of the Government in the Star Chamber in those troublesome times; his entertainment and favour for the Discontented and Non-Conformists, his motions for Reformation and Alteration in twelve things; his hasty and unlucky Protestation in behalf of the Bishops, and following actions in England and Wales, where it's all men's wonders to hear of his M●ruit su● 〈…〉 had those private grounds and reasons, that if the Bishop could have spoken with the King but half an hour, he said, would have satisfied him, the King of Kings only knoweth, to whom he hath given I hope a better account than any Historian of his time hath given for him. But I understand better his private inclinations, than his public actions; the motions of his nature, than those of his power; the Conduct of the one being not more reserved and suspicious, than the effects of the other manifest and noble: for not to mention his Libraries erected and furnished at St. john's and Westminster, his Chapel in Lincoln College; the Repairs of his Collegiate Church, his Pensions to Scholars more numerous than all the Bishops and Noblemen besides, his Rend Charges on all the Benefices in his gift as Lord Keeper, or Bishop of Lincoln, to maintain hopeful youth, according to a Statute in that Case provided. Take this remarkable instance of his Munificence; that when Du Moulin came over he calleth his Chaplain, now the Right Reverend Father in God, john c With whom he was very familiar, calling him to an account about his fludy every night, and conserving with him about Affairs and Histories. Lord Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield, and telleth him, he doubted the good man was low, wishing him to repair to him with some Money, and his respects, with assurance that he would wait upon him himself at his first leisure. The excellent Doctor rejoiceth, that he could carry him no less than twenty pounds; The Noble Bishop replied, he named not the sum, to sound his Chaplains mind; adding, that twenty pounds was neither fit for him to give, nor for the Reverend Foreigner to receive; Carry, said he, an hundred pounds. He is Libelled by common fame for unchaste, though those that understood the privacies and casualties of his Infancy, report him but one degree removed from a Misogonist; Though to palliate his infirmities, he was most complete in Courtly addresses. The conversableness of this Bishop with Women consisted chiefly (if not only) in his Treatments of great Ladies and Persons of honour, wherein he did personate the compleatness of Courtesy to that Sex; otherwise a Woman was seldom seen in his house, which therefore had always more Magnificence than Neatness, sometimes defective in the Punctilios and Niceties of Daintiness, lying lower than Masculine Cognizance, and as levelly for a Woman's eye to espy, as easy for her hand to amend. He suffereth for conniving at Puritans, out of hatred to Bishop Loud; and for favouring Papists out of love to them; yet whatever he offered King james (when the Match went on in Spain) as a Counsellor, or whatever he did himself as a Statesman; such kindness he had for our Liturgy, that he translated and Printed it at his own Cost into Spanish, and used it in the Visitation of Melvin, when sick to his own peril, in the Tower; and such resolution for Episcopacy, that his late Majesty of blessed Memory said once to him; My Lord, I commend you that you are no whit daunted with all Disasters, but are zealous in defending your Order. Please it your Majesty, replied the Archbishop, I am a true Welshman, and they are observed never to run away till their General first forsakes them, no fear of any flinching, while your Majesty doth countenance our Cause. His Extraction was Gentile and Ancient, as appeared from his Ancestors estate a He left 1000ls. per annum to his Heir, who is a Knight and Beronet, dying March 25. 1 (4). when it was a question whether his R●●t belonged to his ●●●●cuto, or his Heir. which was more than he could purchase without borrowing, when at once Lord Keeper, Bishop of Lincoln, and Dean of Westminster. His mind great and resolute, insomuch that he controlled all other advices to his last, to his loss in Wales; and daunted Sir b Sir J●hn Cook, was sent to command him into the Country out of his Deanery of Westminster. He asked 〈◊〉 John how d●●st he command a man out of his freehold? which wrought upon the old Gentleman so far, that he never rested until he had his pardon s●aled for it. john Cook, as you may see in his Character to his honour in England. His Wariness hath these Arguments. 1. That he would not send the Seal to the King, but under Lock and Key. 2. That being to depute one to attend his place at the Coronation of King Charles the First, he would not name his Adversary, Bishop Laud, to gratify him; nor yet any other, to displease the King; but took a middle way, and presented his Majesty a List of the Prebendaries, to avoid any exception, referring the Election to his Majesty himself. 3. That he proposed a partial c At the Meeting in Jerusalem-chamber, March 1641. with 20. moderate Conformists and Non-conformists, appointed upon his motion to consider of the reformation of discipline and government, worship and doctrine, with the innova●ious lately crept into all of them. Reformation of our Church to the Parliament, to prevent an utter extirpation by it. 4. That he exposed others to the censure of the Parliament, 1625. to save himself. 5. That he answered to several Examinations upon the strength of his memory, without any the least advantage taken by his Antagonist. This Character of his I think very exact; that his Head was a well-fitted treasury, and his Tongue the fair key to unlock it; that he had as great a memory, as could be reconciled with so good a judgement; that so quick his parts, that others study went not beyond his nature; and their designed and forelaid performances, went not beyond his sudden and ready accommodations. Only he was very open, and too free in discourse, disdaining to lie at a close guard, as confident of the length and strength of his weapon. The first eminent Performance that raised him, was the entertainment he made 1612. when Proctor to the Spanish Ambassadors, brought thither by my Lord Chancellor Elsmere, where with the gracefulness of his presence, the great ingenuity of his discourses, the comeliness of his Addresses, the short, courtly, pleasant method of the Exercises, whereof he was Moderator; and especially that skill in the Spanish tongue, wherewith he had prepared himself, he did himself, the University, and the Nation so much right, that the Lord Chancellor of England, and of the University, in the presence, and with the approbation of the Spanish Ambassador, took his leave of him, with this Character, That he had behaved himself so well in this Treat to the Ambassadors, that he was fit to serve a King, and that he would see him as much welcomed at Court, as they were in the University. He knew the value of an opportunity, whereof he would say, that every man had it sooner or later, and the neglect or improvement of it, was the marring or making of every man in the world, and therefore he hazarded the expense of his present fortune, to furnish himself to a capacity for a new one. Having occasion to appear in public but seldom, when he came up, he was very careful in the choice, pertinenoy, and seasonableness of his subject, and in the exactness of his composure, setting out at once the variety of his learning, the strength of his parts, and the a Se● his Sermons on King James his buncial of Apparel, of ●●●●ag. choiceness of his observation and prudence. The greater the performance was (whether a Speech, or a Sermon, or a Debate) he was to undertake, the more liberty and recreation he took, to quicken and open his spirits, and to clear his thoughts; aiming at two things, which he said, was all we could add to former perfection, 1. Method. And 2. Perspicuity. He understood well the divided interests, and Faction of the Kingdom; and knew as well how to make use of them being able to Buoy himself up at any time against any one side by the cosistance of the other, presently striking in with b A● he plainly told the Duke of B. at Oxford. William Earl of Pembroke, and other Patriots, for the public good of the Nation, as soon as he was deserted by George Duke of Buckingham, and other Courtiers, that aimed only at their own personal interest. After four years' Imprisonment, 40000 l. losses, when restored as one of the Minions of the Parliament, he disputed for Episcopacy in the House of Lords unanswerably; he drew up a Demurrer in behalf of the Bishops, in regard of the Tumults that disturbed the freedom of their Votes and Sitting 1641. whereof the Lord Keeper professed it was the strongest Demurrer, and the fullest of Law, that ever he saw in his life. And when with Stenelaidos' the Ephor, he saw it in vain for that party to stand debating with words, which was injured above words, he contrived and modelled such an Association in North-Wales to assert that authority, under which he had suffered, as not only secured that Country against the Rebels, but yielded his Majesty several very great and seasonable Supplies. Until God punishing Rebellion with success, and suffering it to overthrow the best Government, that it might with its own weight, as Rome did, overturn its self. (For take off the common principles, in which Rebels agree, and the common persons, that keep them together with those principles; their variety of humours, and interests bring them immediately to a division, and so to a ruin, Mach. Prince l. 2. c. 3. and on Livy, l. 6. c. 2. §. 3. And he saw that those rods upon our backs, might singly be broken, when they could not be broke, united, and in a bundle.) He thought it prudence to make that composition in time for Wales, to prevent plundering, and the making of it the seat of war, which he saw must be made for all England; and the dreadful stories of his declaring for the Parliament was nothing else, but his garrisoning of his own house, and discountenancing some straggling Cavaliers, that did no good, but lie upon the Countries themselves, and draw thither whole Armies of the enemy to lie upon it too. There being hardly any ingenious person in England, that he encouraged not, stealing favours upon them in a way equally suiting with their occasion, and their modesty; the very wretch that writ the satire upon him, Printed with cleaveland's Poems, owing his heat to the wine in his Cellar; and his Vein, to his Gold. For receiving twenty pieces of him, and despairing of more, to please his new patrons in the next Alehouse, vomited this Libel upon his old one. A Libel nothing would be guilty of, but Poetry, and Beggary. AEternitati S. I. Johannes Williams S. Th. Dr. & omnium quibus Instruitur & quibus regitur gens humana; quibus regnamus, & quibus, vivimus Magister artium. Coll. Io. Cant. non suit, sed a Dr. G●yn. quod majus magistrum creavit dum tantum socius; omnium, & rerum, & hominum sagacissime peritus. 1. Westmonasterii Decanus 2. Lincolniae Episcopus Haud quadragenarius quasi ad magna natus potius quam elatus. 3. Magni sigilli Custos 4. Serenissimo R. Jacobo a secretioribus consiliis. Vsitatos honorum gradus & moras devoravit vir honoribus Augustior. Cujus ultima lans est, quod fuerit inter nos primus. majorem enim officiis reddidit quam accepit gloriam grandia fecit grandiora patience; suis illustrior infortuniis uti nube Iris, & eclipsi Phoebus mensa lautus; sed sui pars quota est Festivus, & facundus Dominus Convivii! Florente Ecclesia eum Episcopum nollet Invidia quem jam labantis b Ebocac●● 1641. Archiepiscopum creavit necessitas; ruentis Coeli Atlantem vel Atlanti succedaneum Herculem peracto jam duodecimo laborum Anno, ab Anno nempe 1628. ad annum 1640. Invita fortuna Duas Absolvit Bibliothecas hanc Westmonasterii illam Cantabrigiae tresque restauravit capellas, & plurimos suo collegio addidit socios omnes Clandestinis beneficiis sibi demerens bonae Indolis juvenes; Quem praedicando creta nigraret minor, haud paucioribus quam quae devinxit celebrandus Ingeniis. Panegyrista sibi est clemens pater. Quem nominasse carmen est, & loqui epigramma; dum enim maecenatem sonant: Properant ligari verba, & in numerum fluunt; materia quem non reperit, argutum facit. THE Life and Death OF HENRY HAMOND, D. D. WHEN Doctor Henry Hamond was born §. His Birth. (Aug. 18. 1605.) at a Where it is thought Caesar first passed his Army over the Thames. Chersey in Surrey (a place equally endeared to the pious, but unfortunate, King Henry VI for bestowing on him a charitable Burial; and to the excellent, but not understood, King Charles I. for giving this man a seasonable birth) the hopeful circumstances of his relations, promised as much in his Infancy, as the eminent passages of his life performed in his Manhood. Son he was to Dr. john Hamond, that exact Critic; Grandchild to b By his Mother's side. Dr. Alexander Nowell, that reverend Divine; Godson to c Whose Physician his Father was S●ct. His Education. Prince Henry, that great Spirit. To Eton he was sent in his Long-coats, initiated in Latin, Greek, yea, and Hebrew too (Languages that seemed to be his Mother tongue, so early were they, rather infused to him, than acquired by him) by his Father's care; and to Magdalen College in Oxford at thirteen, by Mr. d A good Grecian, who had a hand in the publication of Sir H. Savile● Magnificent Saint chrysostom. Allens assistance, his good friend; and Mr. Bush his diligence, his excellent Schoolmaster. Here they that taught him Philosophy, were not ashamed to learn of him the Tongues, especially the Hebrew, so rare a Quality in that age, that at first admission, as he had no less than eight Bachelors his Scholars for Greek, so he entertained four Masters his Pupils for Hebrew; wherein, as in the whole Circle of Learning, that though his Father (and in him all his Interest) died, yet his own merit recommended him at once to the honour and advantage of Demy in that College at fourteen years of age, of Fellow at nineteen, of Natural Philosophy-Reader at twenty, and the Orator at Dr. Langtons' Funeral at twenty two. Having taken his Degree, Sect H●● Course of study the ordinary method of those times had preposted his soul, and ennarrowed his spirit by the contrived and interested systems of modern, and withal obnoxous Authors, but that his larger Genius and second thoughts prompted his great soul to a study equal with its self, that took in all humane and sacred Learning from the clearest and most disinterested sources of both, wherein he gave on all the occasions his fifteen years' continuance in the University offered him, such pregnant Specimens of a vast proficiency, as might be expected from that indefatigable man that constantly studied twelve hours a day, and left Notes and e As may be seen in his Library. Indices at the beginning and end of each Book, upon almost all the Classic Authors extant. This industry, Sect His Preferment. and this eminence, could not in those days, wherein Religion and Learning were at their fatal height, both of perfection and encouragement, escape either observation or preferment; therefore being ordained at twenty four (viz. 1629.) and Bachelor of Divinity at twenty six (viz. 1631.) and regularly, both in conformity, as well to the Statutes of the House, as to the Canons of the Church. Anno 1633. he Preached Dr. Frewens' Course, (the Precedent of his College, since Lord Archbishop of York) at Court with that success, that with the Right Honourable the Earl of Leicester's favour, than his Hearer, he was, upon an honest resignation of his Fellowship, inducted, Aug. 22. of that year, to Pensehurst, as not long after, by the Reverend Father in God, Brian Lord Bishop of Chichester then, and since of Salisbury and Winchester, he was dignified at Chichester. His Preferments were not so suitable to his Desert, Sect. His Carriage in all his places, 1. at a Minister. as his Carriage was to his Preferment. For When Rector of Pensehurst. 1 Sermons. His Sermons were not undigested and shallow effusions, but rational and just discourses; his method was which he recommended to his Friends, after every Sermon, to resolve upon the ensuing subject, and so pursue the course of study he was then in hand with, reserving the close of the week for the Provision of the next Lordsday, whereby not only a constant progress was made in Science, but materials unawares were gained unto the immediate future work, for (he said) be the subject treated of never so distant, somewhat will infallibly fall in conducible to the present purpose: but preaching being the least part of Religion. 2 Prayers. Prayer and Devotion (that power of Godliness) was observed by himself and his Family (guided by his good and prudent Mother) publicly and privately, every day according to the strictest rules of the Church; for the assistance wherein he allowed a Curate a comfortable Salary. 3 The Sacrament. His Administration of the Sacrament, was as of old, frequent and monthly, wherein the a The 〈◊〉 use 〈◊〉 of you may sie in his Sermon of the P●o chans Ty●bings Assertors was by his instruction and example restored to that repute, as it not only relieved the aged, and apprentised the young, poor of Penshurst, but afforded a surplusage to the necessities of Neighbour Parishes. 4 Catech ●sing. But that his other cares might be the more successful, he brought an able Schoolmaster into the Town, and the Church Catechism into the Church, which with his half hours exposition before Evening Prayer, he rendered so fully intelligible to the meanest capacity, that he observed the older as well as the younger hearers, reaped more benefit than from his Sermons. 5 His Hospitality to 〈◊〉 r●●h, his 〈…〉 to the Poor his ●is●s to all, and his 〈◊〉 with them. Yet a Ministers converse must enforce his Doctrine, and the endearing of his Person must recommend his instruction; very Hospitable, he was at all times, especially those more solemn at his Table, very charitable at his door; besides, the tenth of his Estate set apart for the poor in weekly Pensions, and his Corn sold them below Market prices which though, as he said, he had reason to do it, gaining thereby the charge of Portage, was a great benefit to them, who besides the abatement of price, and possibly forbearance, saved thereby a days work. Very civil he was in letting his Tithes, whereof one memorable instance in this: Having let the tithe of a large Meadow, and received half the Money at the beginning of the year, the meadow was drowned, and when the Tenant offered the payment, he generously returned him the first, with this Noble reflection, God forbid I should take the tenth where you have not the nine parts. Very punctual he was in visiting the sick, whose request he prevented in his addresses both in person and by writing, taking (as he would say) the opportunity of that serious time to instill the most serious instruction, but withal intimating the folly of remitting the great business of eternity to the last hour, which God designed for the commensurate employment of the life; so much Charity exercised among his Neighbours, taught them that love among themselves, that no difference there in his time went beyond his mediation, and that kindness for him (who had the rare happiness obliging both parties) that as long as he was there, he had never any trouble for his Deuce, and when forced thence, no care for his Books and Estate; which when plundered, were redeemed, and reserved for him by his Neighbours to the end of the War. 2 As Archdeacon. When Archdeacon, so frequent were his public Sermons at the Cross and elsewhere, so earnest and pathetic his Discourses for obedience and union (which his zeal and prudence charged as the Interest of the Clergy (who saw not then as he did what they do now) as well as their duty) in pressing whereof he confessed he broke off once in a full Assembly of the Clergy from what he had premeditated, not without as signal a blessing from God, as singular applause from his Auditory, for what he had spoke so honestly out of the abundance of his heart. 3 Dr. of vinity. When his Dignities in the Church refused that privacy his modesty was ambitious of, 1639. he (with eleven of his Contemporaries of the same House, whom it had been an unkind, and a morose 〈◊〉 of singularity not to have accompanied) proceeded ●●●●or with that satisfaction in the management of the Exercises belonging to that Degree to his hearers, as could not be expected from one buried in a Country-living. His Dignity in the Church challenged a place in the Convocation 1640. Sect His 〈…〉 of the 〈◊〉. his Virtue and Learning obtained a name in the Assembly 1644. his Regularity and Loyalty being not so m●ch envied, as his Piety and Parts were reverenced by t●at pa●ty, that having threatened and persuaded him in vain by their C●●ntry Committees, permitted him his regular Ministry till july 1643. when the malice of a designed successor making use of an unsuccessful attempt made in his Majesty's behalf about tunbridge upon the Doctor's Doctrine and Example, forced him to a retirement to his old Tutor Dr. Buckner, where he and his Fellow Pupil Dr. Oliver stayed three weeks (during which time he dreamt, That being abroad with Company on a Sun-shining-day, an horrid tempest surprised them on a sudden, and divided them; to the lesser number whereof a small voice whispered, Be still, and ye shall receive no harm; the Doctor falls to his Prayers and then the tempest ceased, and the known Cathedral Anthem began, Come Lord jesus, come away. A dream which the event made a a Vid. Ci●. de Divin. & P●ucerum Wier. de pressed d●mo num, 〈◊〉 Zom●n de ●piritibus, & c. C●sa●b. 〈◊〉 c 5. B●ld, C●f. Cense. de Diu. Go●dw. de som●is Filli●cum quaest Moral. ●ract 24. c. 5 n. 123. 12●. Hippocra●em de in●omn●is Galen de praescagio ex insomniis. Sande●sonum in Gen. 20. 6. Sect. What he did during the Wat. Prophecy, and an Argument that that soul which shall dwell in another world when we die, converseth there when we sleep) and then upon an alarm that there was an 100 l. set upon Dr. Hammonds head, they resolved for Winchester, where Dr. Oliver had an interest, until that Doctor was met with the News that he was by a College choice to succeed Dr. Frewen now Bishop of Litchfi●ld, in the Precedent ship of Magdal●n-Colledge, whereupon (some seruples Dr. Hammond made of the publickness of Oxford, and its distance from his beloved charge (to which after addresses made to some friends in power, he had little hope of returning) being satisfied) they betake themselves to a Preferment, rather than a Refuge, and encompasing ●●antshire, with some difficulty come to Oxford. Here enjoying that peace that was no where else to be had in an indefatigable course of study, a Learned and useful converse with young men direct to them, and with the Elder to satisfy himself; to meet with the Profaneness and formality of the age, he composed his Practical Catechism, as he did his Tracts of Scandal, of Conscience, of Will-worship, of resisting the Lawful Magistrate, and of the Change of Church-Government; to meet with its errors; all as seasonably contrived as well performed, to check the gallantry of the profane world, and discover the demureness of the more pretending; yet all like to be suppressed by the Doctor's modesty, had not his intimate friend Dr. Potter of Queens, to whom they were communicated, extorted a publication, but with the concealment of his name which was at first guessed, and at last Printed in London and Cambridge. Neither was his Pen more intent at Oxford, than his zeal and prudence at London (where he attended the Duke of Richmond and the Earl of Southampton, as Chaplain, in Order to the Treaty at Uxbridge) upon undeceiving the deluded; to which he added 〈◊〉 reason at Uxbridge, where being surprised (as attending t●ere rather as a Chaplain than a Champion) he answered 〈◊〉 ●to suggestions or Arguments read out of a Paper, with that readiness as equally testified his ability and the evidence of that hesitation which hath been reported to his disparagement; the naked truth of which business he sets down thus. I never heard that Argument urged by Mr. Vines, D. 〈…〉. or any other in my life; and for my pretended answer, I am both sure that I never call●d God and his holy Angels to witness any thing in my life, nor ever swore any voluntary Oath that I know of; and that I was not at that meeting conscious to myself of wanting ability to express my thoughts, or prssd with any considerable difficulty, or forced by any consideration to 〈◊〉 the answer of any thing objected. I went to Mr. Martial in my ow● and my Brother's name, to demand three things. 1. Whether any Argument proposed by them remained unanswered, to which we might y●●●● further answer. 2. Whether they intended to make any repo●t of 〈◊〉 by past disputations, offering if they would, to join with them in it, an● to perfect a conference by mutual consent af●er the manner of that between Dr. Reynolds and Mr. Hart; both which being rejected, the third was to promise each other, that nothing should be afterwards 〈◊〉 by either, without the consent or knowledge of the other party; and that last he promised for himself and Brethren, and so we parted. But the fate of the Nation requires, that neither his strong reason could be heard, nor his Majesty's just Arms prevail; yet the resolved man engageth the growing mischiefs in his Tracts of Superstition, Idolatry, Sins of weakness and wilfulness, Deathbed repentance, 〈◊〉 View of the Directory, fraternal Corr●ption, The Power of the K●y●, His Answer to Mr. Cheynels' Exceptions against the Practical catechism: and (when the Romanists were, fishing in our troubled waters) his Vindication of the Lord Faulkland. Those lucid interval he was permitted attending his Majesty; and when forbidden that sad, but desired service, managing the Affairs of the University and College (in the first whereof he was Orator, as in the second Subdean, since the disputation at Uxbridge) with that assiduous and diligent inspection of the most minute Persons or Affairs under his care; and that for three years together he was seldom seen a bed before twelve at night, and as seldom after five in the morning. The College was as it were his Family, Sect. How he was 〈…〉 at the end of the 〈◊〉. where he relieved the needy, encouraged the hopeful, reduced the debauched, and prepared all for the expected persecution by his familiar converse, and his weekly office of Fasting and Humiliation. But the War giving way to a greater mischief, viz. a Visitation, the Doctor is involved in the general Calamity, and with the most Reverend Father in God, the now Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, confined at Oxford, whence all other honest men were by beat of Drum banished; though (such is the reverence the worst men pay the exemplary virtue of the best) they that scrupled no Usurpation, a Mr. C. of M. C 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 and to that 〈…〉. refused a while their Preferment; and they who boggled not at any Oppression, were tender of their Confinement. Colonel Bvelin himself, with whom they were intended Prisoners, professing he must entertain them as friends; yet deprived and imprisoned they were, so that the good Doctor could attend his Sacred Majesty now, calling for him, no otherwise than by the excellent Sermons he earnestly demanded, and the Doctor dutifully sent; and gaining no more favour till the King's death, but with the mediation of his Brother-in-law Sir john Temple, than to be his own prisoner, at the honourable Sir Philip Warwick's house, at Clapham in Bedford-shire; whence on the approach of that unparallelled villainy, he drew up most pathetic Addresses to the Army, that perpetrated it, and an unanswerable Reply to Ascham and Goodwin, those two only monsters of mankind, that durst defend it. Which when now past, Sect. How be dis●ose of himself after the King's death. though it transported him as far as either affection, or duty could carry him, yet sunk him not in an useless amazement; for redoubling his fasting, his tears, and solemn prayer, he resumed his wont studies. And 1. To write his t●●ct of Christian Religion. Reflecting on the Atheism, that Horrid Fact, and other Black Circumstances threatened, he published his equally seasonable and applauded, Reasonableness of Christian Religion. 2 The occasion and method of composing the Annotations on the New Testament. Considering that there was not a more dangerous step to irreligion, than for those, who durst not but own it, yet to deprave it, to a most scandalous Theory, and a most horrid Systeme; he cleared its wrested Original, in two Latin Quarto Volumes, with Reference to the Jewish and Heathen Customs, the Primitive usages among Christians and Heretics, the Importance of the Hellenistical Dialect (by which means, in a manner, he happened to take in all the difficulties of the New Testament) a Collation of several Greek Copies, and a New Translation, drawn up many years ago for his own use, which on second thoughts, to serve all capacities, he cast into the present frame and method of the Annotations on the New Testament. 3 The occasion and method of his dissertations. The careful and public spirited man, adverting that (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) Religion, though never so cleared, could not inwardly oblige, without a power confessed did outwardly awe. Upon the Archbishop of Armaghs' request. 1. To clear some Exceptions Blondel had made against his Edition of Ignatius from some Eastern Counsels. 2. And according to his promise of a fuller account, to publish that in Latin, which he had writ to him in English, as well for his own honour, whom Salmasius had unworthily called Nebulo, as the honour of Episcopacy now, as L. Capellus intimated in his Thesis of Church-government at Sedan, deserted by all men, he drew up those nervous and unanswerable Dissertations. Thus cleared and vindicated he our Religion in bonds, Sect. His remove to Worcester-shire, and his reflect●●● on what p●ssed ●here, 1651. that was first published there; notwithstanding, 1. The loss of his dear Mother, whose last blessing he was forbid, to attend her. For 2. The defeat of his Majesty at Worcester (from whose own hand he received then a most gracious letter, for the satisfaction of his Loyal Subjects, concerning his adherence to the established Religion of the Church of England, wherein his Royal Father lived a Saint, and died a Martyr.) And 3. The calamity that fell on the honourable Sir john Packington's Family thereupon at Westwoo●●●. whither he was now removed. Bearing up himself with the providence of his Majesty's miraculous Deliverance, in expectation of his no less miraculous Restauration. To use his own words, That God who had thus powerfully rescued him out of Egypt, would not suffer him to perish in the Wilderness; but though his possage be through the Red Sea, he would at last bring him unto Canaan; that he should come out of tribulation, as gold out of the fire, purified, but not consumed. But others having not that happy prospect of, 〈…〉 of the times. nor those pious, and fiducial reflections on those occurrences; and therefore some, in that dark juncture, falling on the one side, to the Pompous way of the Catholics; others, on the other side, to that more Novel of the Schismatics, the prudent watchman equally provided for both. For the first, in his Treatise of Heresy and Schism, his discourses against the Catholic Gentleman, and his Armor-bearer S.W. and his Tract of Fundamentals. Forth second, in his six Queries, his Replies to Mr. Cawdry, Mr. jeanes, and the noble provincial Assembly at London on the Presbyterian account; and to Mr. Owen, and Mr. Tombs on the Independants and Anabaptists; adding that pathetic Paraenesis upon the Interdict, jan. 1. 1655. writ first in his Tears, and then with his Ink, he looking on this sad dispensation as a reproaching (to use his own words) his and his brethren's former unprofitableness, By casting them out as straw to the Dunghall. A dispensation, that had even broken his great heart, had he not admitted of an expedient, that secured all real duties in the Family where he was. Neither was he more troubled for the Silence imposed on the Orthodox Ministry at present, S●ct● 〈…〉 in the Ministry. than amazed at the failure threatened them for the future; both in the superior order of Episcopacy, which he provided against, by a correspondence with his Majesty abroad; and in the inferior of Priesthood, which he designed to supply a seminary of pious, learned, and ●ell● principled Pensioners, be kept on foot till his death, in a way more suitable to his Heroic mind, than his low fortune; in which business it was observable, how his choice fixed on piety, it being his prinple; That exemplary virtue must restore the Church. But the Nation being too narrow a circle for his diffusive goodness, Sect. 〈…〉 to these that we 〈◊〉 nished abro●d; which was discovered 〈◊〉 Cromwell, who 〈…〉 of it. his care extended to the banished abroad, as well as his vigilance to the afflicted at home; and several sums of money did he send over, notwithstanding that the Usurpers discovered it, and convented him, whose commanding worth awed them to that reverence of him, that when others were amazed at the surprised, he made it only an opportunity of saying something home to the fierce Monster, concerning his soul, and discourse the appropriate ways remaining to alleviate, at least, if not expiate for them; coming off with a new experiment of his old observation, That they who least considered hazard in the doing of their duties, fared still best. Amidst which sad diversion, Sect. 〈◊〉 action 〈…〉 to his Death. his labours yet grew up in an uninterrupted course: His Review of the Annotations, his Exposition of the Book of Psalms, his Pacifick Discourse of God's Grace and Decrees, (to Bishop Sanderson, upon some Letters that passed between that reverend and learned Prelate and Dr. Pierce) his Latin Tract of Confirmation, in answer to Mr. Daillee, together with his Enterprise upon the Old Testament, begun at the Proverbs, and pursued to a third part of that Book; until at the opening of the year 1660. when all things tended visibly to the great Restauration, and the good Dr. was invited to London, to assist in the great work of the composure of breaches in the Church; against which undertaking, and the ensuing public employments he was to expect: He 1 Examined his inclinations, temptations, and defects, with the assistance of his friends. 2. He contrived such public good works, as he might lay himself out in the Diocese of Worcester, designed his charge. And 3. Fell to his Devotion, in behalf of the Nation, now under its great Crisis, and hopeful method of Cure. But on the fourth of April, a sharp Fit of the Stone seized him, which put him, who at other times would say, I am not dying yet, into such apprehensions of his danger, that he told the mournful Spectators of his agonies, That he should leave them in God's hands; who would so provide, that they should not find his removal any loss; adding, That they should turn their prayers for his recovery into intercessions for his happy change. I pray (said he very passionately) let some of your fervour be employed that way: Being pressed to make it his own request to God, that he might be continued to serve the Church, he allowed this, a part of his devotion, viz. That if his life might be useful to any one soul, he besought Almighty God to continue him, and by his grace to ennable him to employ that life, he so vouchsafed, industriously and successfully. Adding for the Church, that sincere performance of Christian duties, so much decayed, to the equal supplanting and scandal of that holy Calling; that those who professed that Faith might live according to the rules of it, and to the form of Godliness superadd the power of it; restraining the ex tempore irregularities of his friends ejaculations, with that grave saying, Let us call on God in the voice of his Church. But now through the long suppression of Urine, the blood being grown Thin and Serous, and withal, Eager and Tumultuous, through the mixture of Heterogeneous parts; this excellent person fell to a violent bleeding (whereat the standers by being amazed, he said cheerfully, It was a mercy, and that to bleed to death, was one of the most desirable passages out of this world:) and found no ease, but that the pain of the Humours stoppage relieved the Stone, the Lethargy that, and the Flux of Blood the Lethargy; which variety of tortures, exercised not only his patience, but his thankfulness too; crying out in his greatest extremities, Blessed be God, blessed be God. He made his Will with cheerfulness, the oversight whereof he entrusted with his intimate and approved friend Dr. Hen●hman, now Lord Bishop of London, and received the Sacrament, April 20. and 22. then Good-friday and Easter-day, being very much concerned that he could not be with the Congregation, and saying very passionately, Alas! must I be Excommunicated! So far was he from their opinion, who in their most healthful days, make this not their Penance, but their election and choice. April 25. he bled with greater violence than before, beyond all remedy by applications or revulsives, until the torrent ceased, the fountain being exhausted, and the good Doctor became so weak, so cold, and so dispirited, that he had strength enough only to persevere in his Devotions, which he did to the last moment of his life; a few minutes before his death, breathing out those words, which best became his Christian life, Lord make haste. The same day, that commenced the Nations happiness, the Convention of a Free-Parliament, concluded his life, just when it was like to be most comfortable to himself, and serviceable to the Church: As if this great Champion of Religion, and pattern of all virtue, were reserved for exigence and hazard, for persecution and suffering; for he resigned his pure and active soul to him that gave it, April 25. 1660. HIS CHARACTER. A Soul that dwelled nobly, in a strong and comely Body, whose Proportions were just and graceful, 1. The f●ame of his Body. his Face was serene and majestic, his Eye quick and sprightful, his Complexion clear and florid, and the whole Man, abating the redness of his Hair (which yet elsewhere might be an advancing to him) a beauty delicate, but vigorous and patient of the severest toil and hardship; never approaching the fire, never subject to any infirmities save Fevers, wherein yet his temperance relieved him, until immoderate study altered his constitution. Nobly was his soul seated, and noble it was, and just to the promise of his outward shape. 1. His Sight, was admirably quick and distinct. 2 The faculties of his Soul. His Ear, was accurate, and he naturally able to perform his part to a Harpsicon or Theorbo, in the relieved intervals of his day labours, and night studies. 3. His Elocution, was free and graceful, prepared at once to charm and command his audience, & when impaired at his Country charge, reduced by his late sacred Majesty with equal skill and candour, to its natural modulation. 4. His Invention was rich and flowing, outgoing his dexterous Amanuensis, and overflowing his Periods, an hours meditation at night, until he observed that prejudicial to his sleep, and then in the morning suffced for two Sermons a Sunday, 8. or 9 hours dispatched most of his small Tracts, as that touching Episcopacy, drawn immediately upon my Lord of Salisbury (late of Winchester's motion) in a friend's Chamber, who professeth that sitting by all the while, he remembreth not that he took off Pen from Paper till he had done five sheets, having amidst his other diversions been frequently his own days work●. His Memory was more faithful to things than to words, it being harder with him to get one Sermon by heart, than to Pen twenty. 6. His speech was so happy, that being defective only in its redundance, his late Sacred Majesty, the greatest Judge and Master of English Rhetoric in this later Age, ennobled him and it with this Character, That he was the most Natural Orator he ever heard. 7. His judgement was strong in his Writings, piercing in business, equally able to unravel the designs of others, and model his own: though (as the excellent Author of his life observeth) the finding out the similitudes of different things wherein the fancy is conversant, is usually a bar to the discerning the disparities of similar appearances, which is the business of discretion, and that store of notions which is laid up in Memory, assists rather confusion than choice; upon which ground, the greatest Clerks are frequently not the wisest men, yet the incomparable Doctor owned at once the highest fancy, and the deepest judgement. Great his natural abilities, Sect. His Intellectual and acquired abilities. greater his acquired, through the whole Circle of the Arts accurate and Eloquent he was in the Tongues, exact in Ancient and Modern Writers, well versed in Philosophy, better in Philology, Learned in School-Divinity, a Master in Church Antiquity, made up of Fathers, Counsels, Ecclesiastical Historians and Lyturgicks. Eminent indeed his Intellectuals, Sect. His Morals. more eminent his Morals, for 1. His temper, though sanguine (which he observed a Providence) was chaste to an Antipathy against the very appearances of wantonness; twice his Household cares inclined him to a Marriage, yet he forbore the first time out of respect to the Lady, for whom a better Fortune had a kindness, and the second time upon St a 1 Cor. 7. 26. Paul and St. b Epist, ad Age●●uchiam Ieromes advice for the present exigence; ever since espousing (what he preserved inviolate) unto his death the more eminent perfection of spotless Virgin chastity. 2. His appetite was good, but restrained to the plainest Diet, and the most sparing, one Meal in twenty four hours was his constant allowance, and but one for thirty six for two days in every week, and for three days in Lent and Ember-week, his voluntary Fasts were his sensualities, and his enjoined meals (after some Diseases) his penance, luxury even in the relation would turn his stomach, which was so disciplined by his reason, that nothing was pleasant to him (not his beloved Apples) that was not wholesome too, it being his wonder (how rational Creatures (they are his own words) should eat for any thing but health, since he that did eat or drink that which might cause a fit of the Stone or Gout, though a year after, therein unmanned himself, and acted as a beast: neither was he less observant of others prescription, that his own; for when confined to a Diet, he would Carve and make that which is others Civility, his refuge. 3. His Sleep was as moderate as his Diet, and if prescribed him above five hours, his trouble rather than his rest; it being his protestation, that when he was abridged his Night studies, he lost not only his greatest pleasure, but highest advantage in reference to business, whereas to be enjoined early rising in case of costiveness, or so, he judged a mere rescue and deliverance. So temperate a man must needs be industrious, and really so professed an Enemy he was to idleness, Sect. His disposal of his time. that he recommended no Maxim with that concern as this. Be furnished always with somewhat to do, the best expedient both for Innocence and Pleasure; this being his constant sentiment of that matter, that no Burden is more heavy, or temptation more dangerous, th●n to have time lie on ones hands: the idle man's brain being not only, as he said, th● Devils shop, but his Kingdom too, a Model of, and an Appendage unto hell, a place given up to torment and mischief. His very Walks which yet were prescribed him, had their constant tasks, the very time of his dressing and undressing, with his Servants assistance dispatched Volumes (his saying was, he could not endure to talk with himself) He that shall consider his laborious way immersed in almost infinite quotations, his obligation to read so many Author's Ancient and Modern. His exact refusal of his own and other men's Works or Business, his Agency for Persons of Quality, to provide them Schoolmasters and Chaplains, his Correspondencies abroad and at home, whereof some cost him ten, others twenty, thirty, forty, nay sixty sheets of Paper at a time; his constant sickness which at last forbade him reading for two hours after M●●l, on pain of a fit of the Gout, unquestionably to revenge the failure, will not wonder at what is written of him, not only that nothing kept him from his study, but what confined him to his bed, nor that neither sometimes, nor that he was so averse to dilatary undertaking, that as he would never spend that time in gazing on business that would serve to do it, so his thoughts never lying fallow he no sooner finished one business, but he consulted about another; but that he gained time for business by the time he spent in Prayer, whilst a more than ordinary assistance attending his Devotions, his Closet proved his Library, and he studied most upon his knees.; His prayer, I say, the constant return whereof the last ten years of his life, His Devotion. exceeded David's seven times a day. For 1. As soon as he was ready, he was at his prayer with his Servant in his Chamber, and afterwards 2. More privately in his Closet. 3. Between ten and eleven at his peculiar Office of National Intercession. 4. A while after at the morning Office to be always performed by himself. 5. In the Evening at his hour of private prayer enlarged on Sundays, even with the loss of his Supper (if any occasion had diverted him at the usual time) notwithstanding his Physicians prescriptions, which in other Cases he was careful to obey. 6. About five at his solemn Intercession, and the Evening Service seven at Bedtime; and all the while he was awake at his private prayers, the 〈◊〉. Psalms being designed his midnight entertainment in all these. 1. His attention was fixed and steady. 2. His fervour sometimes passionate to a transport. 3. His tears so observable, that it was the wonder of one of his Domestics, since a Proselyte to the Directory, that the Learned Dr. Hammond could find motive for his tears at the Cofession, that begins the Liturgy: and it may be our Comfort that there wants not life and heat in the public Offices of the Church, when they are not wanting in the hearts that use them. 4. His Charity was as extentive as his Saviors love even to mankind, ennarrowed with no more private respects, than those of nature and necessity: the oppressed, the sick, his Enemies taking up a great part of his Liturgy (three especial persons that had most unworthily disobliged him, whose names he would never discover, being no otherwise revenged by him than with a peculiar daily prayer in their behalf; prayers so effectual, that he had under their hands a recognition of their undue procedure) the growing mischiefs of the Nation enlarging his Intercessions which had peculiar resentments of the thirtieth of january. His Charity was comprehensive, Sect. His Friendship. but his Friendship choice: Friendship! the most sacred thing in his apprehension; next Religion, and the most happy next Heaven; without which he would say, men led a pitiful, insipid, H●rb-Iohn-like life; he being so passionate a lover of this virtue, that it was his grand design to propagate and improve it among all he judged capable of being acquainted, to mutual advantage; adding, that three persons he knew, whom their studies and troubles had leagued together, were the happiest men in the Nation; and that he himself had no such way of enjoying any thing as by reflection from the person whom he loved, that his friends neglect of themselves was an unkindness to him; That he had a thousand times rather that his friend should have that which was conducible to health, than to have it himself: assuming, that if this were believed, it were impossible any one should attempt to express kindness by robbing him of his greatest pleasure, to see others do well. There are two eminent fruits of Friendship. 1. The ease of the Heart. 2. The clearing of the mind. Two ways doth this excellent virtue conduce to the last. 1. By giving us opportunity with security to open and reflect upon our own thoughts before our Confident. 2. By his faithful admonitin and advice which the Doctor would have extended by others and himself, even●t indecencies and suspicions, saying usually, that it was a poor design of friendship to keep the person he admitted to his breast from being scandalous, as if the Physician should endeavour only to secure his Patient from the Plague. Advertisements to which his friends were obliged, though of mistaken features, were the greatest kindness and Compliments, such as that sent him in his Agonies, more tolerable to him than that message (that now the days were come when his deserts should be considered, and himself employed in the Government as well as the instruction of the Church. The most insufferable injuries that could be done him, who was so perfect an enemy to flattery, that when he did but suspect once that a commendation of one passage in a Sermon of his, was brought in as an allay to some foregoing plain dealing, He protested that nothing in the world could more avert his love and deeply disoblige, than such unfaithfulness. Neither was his friendship more punctual than constant, intervenient failures not superseding his affection, but improving it to a tenderness for the person, increased by his detestation of his Vice; excepting always those two things, Pride and Falseness, which checked his kindness, because, as he said, they cut off the end of it, his capacity of doing good otherwise, never despairing of the mollia tempora, of plain and honest tempers, free from those artifices and close pretensions which he perfectly hated, and as dextrously discovered, making it evident he did so when seasonable; a circumstance he was very tender of, whose rule and example it was never to reprove in anger, or out of time: it being his design to gain as much upon the persons affections he dealt with, by the kindness of his exhortations, as upon their judgements by the weight and evidence of them; whence the little phrase, don't be simple, from him had more power to charm a passion, than long harangues from others, whose just discourses of Piety and Virtue, were derided when his very intimations were venerated: venerated I should not have said, for he would say, he delighted to be beloved, not reverenced: the distance of the last being not in his judgement consistent with the freedom of the first. In a word, two qualifications he required in Friendship. 1. Plain dealing apart from all jealousies and concealments, the banes of correspondence. It were barbarous to condemn a Malefactor, (these are his own Sentiments) more a friend, without being heard. 2. Generosity above all mercenary returns. Love (he said) was built upon the union and similitude of minds, and not the bribery of gifts and benefits; he admitting (as he professed) retributions of good turns, not so much on any score, as that his friend might have the pleasure of being kind: and scrupling the relief of a person of Quality (whom he had supplied during the late times of trial) upon the grand Restauration, for fear it might look rather like a design than a Charity, until being convinced it would be a kindness, he was less concerned what it might be called. His Friendship was as wide as Virtue, Sect. His Charity. and his Charity as spreading as Necessity, for which be exactly allowed the tenth of his incomes as due, besides the freewill offering at his weekly Fasts● and upon all occasions that offered themselves, being so much more intent upon the poors condition than his own, that he would make his low estate an argument for their relief; yea, as industrious as he was to conceal his Charity, we find an 100 l. bestowed on one distressed person of Quality, 60 l. on another, 20 l. on a third, and all out of a Stock that he had, no visible means but this parting with it, and a blessing upon it to supply. Yet still did he look by his Agents for new Pensioners, especially Sequestered Divines, their Widows and Orphans, young Students, and the Banished, for whom he procured and sent considerable sums year by year. His Charity had these excellent qualifications. 1. It was as far as he and his intelligencers could observe seasonably. 2. It was as suitato the modesty of his Pensioners, as seasonable to their necessity. 3. It was cheerful, an instance of his usual observation, That it was one of the greatest sensualities in the world to give, and that it was the exceeding indulgence of God, that had annexed future rewards, to that which was so amply its own recompense. 4. It was of the best he had, being much concerned, that a Servant in the Family, troubled with the Gout, had, as he directed, any worse than his own Plaster to ease him, although the store of that was almost spent. And, 5. It was with that familiar and hearty kindness, as became him, who would say, It was a most unreasonable, and unchristian thing, to despise any for being poor. Neither was it his care only to relieve poverty, Sect. His alms of Lending. but to prevent it; by lending gratis (though he allowed Usury) to honest and industrious men, several sums of money, and contriving how they might dispose of them to their advantage, dismissing them with infinite affability and kindness, and a prayer for God's blessing. Notwithstanding these profusions of charity, Sect. His generosity. he had wherewithal to be gentile and liberal, rewarding at an highly ingenious rate most presents above the value, with that satisfaction, that he would say, Alas! poor soul, I'll warrant you he is glad of this little matter; and make that opportunity of giving a part of the senders courtesy first; and freely contributing to most public works; as fifty pounds towards the great Bible, three hundred pounds upon the repair of his Parsonage-house, etc. Allowing himself not above five pounds a year, upon no other principle, but thereby to be liberal to those he loved better than himself, the necessitous and poor. The Estate you will think was vast, Sect. His estate, and the managing of it. that maintained these Expenses; yet 300 l. he had upon his remove from Penschurst, improved by his Prebendary of Christ-church, with the sale of a Lease his Father left him, to a 1000 l. and laid out in Leases for years, was all. The books he Printed, considering the many Editions he had nothing for, the charge of sending them to and fro, Sheet by Sheet, for his own and others animadversions, and the Copies he bestowed on his acquaintance coming to very little, and the private contribution accepted by him, when abundantly offered, to less; even 20 l. of 50. a perfect stranger hearing of his imprisonment sent him at Oxford, which he received with much reluctancy, notwithstanding the present exigencies. 1. Because he would gratify his own pride. And, Provost of Q. C. Oxon. and Dean of Worcester. 2. Because he might not give the Gentleman the discomforture of seeing he had made an unseasonable offer, so that it remains still a wonder, that in spite of himself, he was at his death worth 1500 l. But that it is a little allay to the miracle, that he said, The half of his estate being scattered, was more than the whole. And Dr. Potter professed, his estate grew upon him notwithstanding his Charge, his Hospitality, and prosuse Liberality, by trying a conclusion Dr. Hamond taught at St. Paul's, in his Sermon called, The Poor Man's Tything, That to give plentifully to the poor, was the surest way to be rich, which he found true to miracle. Yet God's blessing taketh not so much from the wonder of his growing rich, Sect. His 〈…〉. than his own easiness addeth to it, for he made them he dealt with, their own arbitrators (professing that this trash was not worth much ado) and their integrity, their only obligation (if they are honest (said he) there needs no such caution; if knaves, he would not deal with them, or if he were surprised, to that, all his circumspection could not prevent a Cheat; and (as he writes to a friend that had been abused) I never suffered in my life for want of Hand and Seal.) The best indeed he could have in those days of Usurpation, wherein he offered to pay over again 50. or 60 l. rather than make Affidavit that he had done it, before the illegal judicatories. Insomuch, as I cannot but insert the reverend Dr. Fellt excellent observation, That it pleased God since he had exemplified the advices of his Practical Catechism, to the duties of Alms and Charitable distributions, in him also to make good, and signally exemplify the assurance he then, and elsewhere made, in the behalf of Almighty God upon such performance, the giving affluence of temporal wealth. So much worth as we have described, would have made another proud, Sect. His humility and condescension. but in this Worthy was most humble, and most condescending. For, 1. In reference to himself. (first) he submitted all his Writings, as to their truth and prudence, to the censure of most of his friends, even the meanest, (saying, There was no man that was honest to him, by whom he could not profit; withal, that he was to expect Readers of several sorts, and if one illiterate man was stumbled, 'twas likely others of his form would be so too, whose interest when he writ to all, was not to be passed over. Besides, those less discerning Observators, if they could do nothing else (he said) could serve to draw Teeth, i. e. admonish, if aught was too sharply writ.) Engaging them all to lay aside all kindness, but that greatest of being faithful; and saying of an eminent person, that had retutned him a Compliment instead of a Censure, That he had reaped this benefit by the disappointment, to have learned never to send his Papers to that hand again, as he did not to his dying day; yet after all these reviews and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 admitted to the subsequent Editions of his Books, he would profess himself astonished at their reception into the world, especially, as he withal was pleased to add, since others failed therein, whose performances were infinitely beyond any thing which he was able to do. 2 In reference to others. The less his esteem was of what he did himself, the more his value of what others performed; extant, in a Book called, The whole Duty of Man, etc. Add to this, his excessive affability to the meanest person, to whom he would come without any delay (which he allowed not in himself, and chid in others, even in his excellent Lady, when diverted by the attractives of his discourses, she neglected the many Clients, either of her charity in Alms or Chirurgery) in the midst of his beloved studies. This being the rule his obliging humanity gave his friends, To treat their poor Neighbours with such a cheerfulness, that they may be glad to have met with them. The instances of his condescension are such as these, 1. One Houseman a Weaver, Instances of his Condescension. a pious but sickly man, he honoured with his Practical Books, he importuned to come to him for what he needed. He provided for him the same freedom, with the good L. P. in case he removed (saying once to the Lady, Will you not think it strange, I should be more affected for parting from Houseman, than from you?) and he bequeathed him ten pounds at his death. 2. One Sexion of Penschurst, to whom he sent his Books, keeping constant correspondence with him, though his Returns were scarce legible, pensioning his Boy at School, and remembering him in his Will. 3. One who happening on the Doctors Writings, was so affected with them, as to leave his Family and Employment, and wait upon the Doctor himself for directions in his Study, which he had with all other assistance, insomuch, as that he is become now a very useful person in the Church. 4. The fourth shall be a hopeful young man at Oxford, whose love to Magic, engaged him in bad Company, until the Dr. took him to his own reading some books with him, particularly Homer, one of whose Iliads, was their Night entertainment, and two on holidays; whereon the Doctor would say, with reflection on the then debauches, Come it is Holiday, let us be jovial, and take the other Iliad. 5. A vicious man on his deathbed, desired to speak with the Doctor, which he heard not till the party was departing, to his great trouble; At the bruitishness of those (they are his own words) that had so little sense of a soul in that sad state. Whence he observed, that by this example, others, and in particular the companions of that unhappy persons vice, might learn how improper a season the time of sickness, and how unfit a place a deathbed is for that one great important work of Penitance, Which was intended by Almighty God, the one commensurate work of his whole life. 6. One in the Voisinage mortally sick of the Small Pox, then fatal to most of the Doctor's complexion, desired the Dr. to come to him; he makes no more ado, when satisfied that the party was so sensible as to be capable of his instructions, assuring those that were fearful of him, That he should be as much in God's hands, in the sick man's Chamber, as in his own. 7. He kept a despairing person several days in his Chamber, attending and answering, with unwearied patience, all those little scruples and arguments, that unhappy temper too ready suggested; until the poor soul was settled by his happy method, Wherein duty still preceded promise, and strict endeavour only founded comfort. And to add no more, though to do good to all was his unlimited design, yet to nourish and advance the early virtue of young persons was his more chosen study; to whom he insinuated the beauty, pleasure, and advantage of a pious life on the one hand, together with the danger and mischief of brutal sensuality on the other; obliging them by civilities, which engaged them of very gratitude to him, to their duty towards God. And whence all this kindness for mankind think you? even from his esteem of souls, Sect His ●al●e of souls. expressed in these words (most emphatical in his delivery of them.) O what a glorious thing, how rich a prize, for the expense of a man's life, were it to be the instrument of rescuing anyone soul! Hence, hence his perpetual Study, his constant Preaching, his daily Prayers, his practical and affectionate Discourses, his Tears, his Cares, his Solicitousness (what to speak more plainly, or more movingly, whether his extemporary wording of it was a defect, etc. when his instructions failed of their des●●ed effect) hence his instruction of the Children (in the Family he dwelled in) since they were capable of it, to his dying day between prayers and dinner time; with grave observations on their miscarriages, attended with suitable remedies; hence his private Catechising of the same Children in his Chamber on Sundays in the afternoon, whereby he ensnared the Servants to receive those Lessons obliquely, which their bashfulness would not have endured directly. Hence his invitation, yea, importunity to all persons, to the very Scullion, to bestow their leisure-hours in his Chamber, where he treated them with passing familiarity, though amidst his infinite humility, he knew well how to assert the dignity of his Place and Function, from the approaches of contempt. Yea, so universal his design for virtue and piety, Sect. His instructions to his Converts. that he had no sooner made Proselytes to his severe and strict way, than he engaged all his Converts to restore their Brethren, and (in his own words) Not to be ashamed of being reputed Innocent, or to be thought to have a kindness for Religion; but own the seducing men to God, with as much confidence at least, as others use, when they are Factors for the Devil; and instead of lying on the guard, and the Defensive part, he gave in charge to choose the other of Assailant: Adding, That this was their security, it being like the not expecting of a threatened war at home, but carrying it abroad in the enemy's Country; and nothing in the Christian world (he judged) so dangerous as a truce, and the cessation of hostility with all parties, and holding intelligence with guilt, in the most trivial things (he pronounced) as treason to ourselves, as well as unto God; for while (saith he) we fight with sin, in the fiercest shock of opposition, we shall be safe; for no attempts can hurt us, till we treat with the Assailants: temptations of all sorts having that good quality of the Devil, to fly when they are resisted. And because a pretence of humility and bashful modesty, might defeat all these instructions, assuring them that that was arrant Pride, and nothing else. Three Principles he Inculcated, 1. Principiis obsta, withstand the overtures of evil. 2. Hoc age, be intent and serious in good; His Advises. to which he adjoined a third, viz. Be furnished with a friend. Accordingly, at a solemn parture, he discoursed to one of his disciples, thus: I have heard say of a man, who upon his deathbed, being to take his farewell of his Son, and considering what course of life to recommend that he might secure his Innocence; at last enjoined him to spend his time in making Verses, and in dressing a Garden; the Old Man thinking no temptation could creep into either of these employments. But I in stead of these expedients, will recommend the other, the doing all the good you can to every person, and the having of a Friend, whereby your life shall not only be rendered innocent, but extremely happy. Yet this unimitable man was not more active for others good, Sect. His Patience. than patient under his own ills; whether first of contempt (being as little displeased with his scornful opposites for being of his mind in their little value of his person, as he was much concerned that they were not so in their eager dissent against his person; in so much that in ten years' converse, neither his sanguine temper, nor his great temptations were observed to transport his passion to any indecency:) Or secondly of pain, which (though he would say he was of all things most a Coward to) yet he endured with eminent constancy and perfect resignation; his first consideration being, what failing had provoked the present chastisement, and his prayer that God would convince him of it; nor only so, but tear and rend away though by the greatest violence and sharpest discipline, whatever was displeasing in his eye, and grant not only patience, but fruitfulness under the rod; adding his repeated submission, God's holy will be done, according to his beloved Doctrine of resigning ourselves, not to the will of God alone, but to his wisdom, both which he was used to say were perfectly one thing in that blessed Agent (whence his Motto in the most dismal appearances of Events 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Even this for good.) His next observation was of the Circumstances of the allay, as when it was the Gout, that it was not the Stone or the Cramp; and when it was the Stone, it was not as sharp as others felt. And in the intermission of his importunate maladies, his third reflection was a transport of Thanksgiving (that he who had in his constitution the cause of so much pain, should yet by God's immediate interposing, be rescued from the effect) whereby you might discern what a pleasant thing it is to be thankful, and how eternity may be well spent in Hallelujahs. It's easily presumed that the serious Christian that readeth all this, would gladly know the Rules and Principles whereon the good man raised his happy serenity and calmness: to satisfy his useful curiosity, than his first Rule was, Sect. The Principles whereupon he composed and settled his mind. never to trouble himself with the foresight of future events, suficient (he resolved) to the day is the evil thereof, it being (as he went on) the greatest folly in the world, to perplex one's self with that which perchance would never come to pass: But if it should, than God who sent it, will dispose it to the best; most certainly to his glory which should satisfy us in our respects to him: and unless it be our fault as certainly to our good, which if we be not strangely unreasonable, must satisfy in reference to ourselves and private Interests. Besides all this, in the very dispensation God will not fail to give such allays which (like the cool gales under the Line) will make the greatest heats of sufferance very supportable, either the thing before us (as he would subjoin out of Epictetus) is in our power, or it is not: if it be, let us apply the remedy, and there will be no motive for complaint; if it be not, the grief is utterly impertinent, since it can do no good. For (this he annexed of the same Authors) that every thing hath two handles; if the one prove hot, and not to be touched, we may take the other that is temperate. His second rule was, to recollect his constant experiences of Gods dealing with him in precedent Dispensations. His third was, quod sis esse velis, nihilque malis (in his English) to rather nothing, and not only to acquiesce in the present state as most necessary, but to be pleased with it as resolved the best; adding his pretty question to the over-solicitous, when they would begin to trust God, or permit him to govern the world? whereby the world and its Appendages hang loose about this unconcerned Christian that he never took notice when any part dropped off or sat uneasy.; His fourth was, the great pleasure he took in a state of subjection; which, as he said, rescued him from the solicitous disquiet and discomposure of choice, and left him nothing but the easy duty of obedience: yet when he could not discern where his obligation lay, he addressed himself to God by his own and his friend's Prayer and Fasting, his certain Refuge in this as well as other Exigents. A tremulous and doubtful propensity of mind to both, and neither side being in such disgrace with him, that he would call it the deliberation of Buridans Ass. His fifth rule was, to keep up a vigorous and lively Devotion, so much his basiness, that when an irremediable drowziness seized upon him at Prayers, after a violent haemorrhage (though he returned to every Response amidst his importunate infirmity) he very sadly resented it, saying, Alas! this is all the return I shall make to this, merely to sleep at Prayers. His last Maxim was, that suffering was a blessing and a privilege, whence these Divine Aphorisms in reference to the public, then in a dismal state for its sin and the consequences of it; That prosperous iniquity would not be a deliverance, but the most formidable judgement: That the Nation during its pressures was under the Discipline of God, given up to Satan by a kind of Ecclesiastical censure; and should the Almighty dismiss us from his hands, and put us into our own, giving us up to ourselves with a why should you be smitten any more? this were of all inflictions the most dreadful. And these his Maxims with respect to the sad consequences of the Cheshire-defeat, in answer to the desponding sorrows of a friend, Sept. 2. Sir, yet there is not wanting some gleam of light, if we shall yet by God's grace be qualified to make use of it. It is the Supreme privilege of Christianity to convert the saddest evils into the most medicinal advantages, the valley of Anchor unto the door of hope, the blackest tempest into the most perfect 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. All kind of prosperity (even that which we most think we can justify, the pursuance of the flourishing of a Church and Monarchy) is treacherous and dangerous, and might very probably tend to our great ills; and nothing is so entirely safe and wholesome as to be continued under God's Discipline; therefore let us adore, bless, and resign ourselves to God's wisest choice. And these his resentments of that blessed alteration, he as passionately feared as wished (suspecting his own hopes, and weeping over his fruitions) his Majesty will be now brought to that uneasy, if not unsupportable task of Ruling and Reforming a licentious people, to that most irksome sufferance of being worryed with the importunities of covetous and ambitious men; the restless care of meeting the designs of mutinous and discontented spirits, resolving his most wished return only a blessing to his people, not so to himself but on the score of having opportunities through glorious self-denyals to do good. ☞ I have considered what other men would be better for this change, and I know not any: as for the Church persecution was generally the happiest means of propagating that, and she then grew fastest when pruned most: then of the best complexion and most healthy, when fainting through loss of blood: as to the Laity in all their several stations, they had so much perverted the healthful dispensations of judgement, that it was most improbable they should make any tolerable use of mercy; and lastly, in reference to himself, he resolved affliction most conducible. I must confess (said he) near the approaching change, I never saw that time in all my life, wherein I could so cheerfully say my Nunc Dimittis, as now. Indeed I do dread prosperity, I do really dread it; for the little good I am now able to do, I can do it with deliberation and advice: But if it pleased God I should live and be called to any higher Office in the Church, I must then do many things in a hurry, and shall not have time to consult with others; and I sufficiently apprehend the danger of relying on my own judgement.; And his only triumph upon the defeat of Lambert, and that last effect of gasping treason was that of his Charity, saying with tears in his eyes, Poor souls! I bese●●h God forgive them. His Charity, I say, which was the habit of his soul, which Virtue he said, commanded because he loved it; and Vice enjoyed, because it wanted them; yet must all these Virtues die, and that last line that is drawn over all Perfections, must be the Period of his Character. What Rules be recommended at his death. Dr. Hammond departed this world April 25. 1660. commending that calm and tranquillity to his Attendants he had exercised (being in his highest Agonies, pleased with every thing that was done, and brought him) exhorting the young growing hopes of the family, whose first innocence and bashful shame of doing ill, he above all things laboured to have preserved, to be just to the advantage of their Education, and maintain inviolate their Baptismal Vow: Enlarging to all about him the great advantages of mutual friendly admonition, and bequeathing the excellent Lady (upon her request of his direction for her whole life) that most comprehensive Duty, uniform Obedience. Yet is it pity this excellent Person should be Mortal, Sect. His 〈◊〉 Monuments. who thought and designed nothing that was less than Immortal, nor shall he die, having four Monuments as lasting as time and the world, which at their own dissolution must resign him to a fair eternity. 1 His resolution. This Apothegm (commended to Posterity, as Dr. Hammonds resolution) That the very condition of obeying the Lot, of not being to choose for ones self, the being determined in all proposals by Humane or Divine Command, and where those left at large, by the guidance of God's Providence, or the assistance of a friend, was the happiest state in the world. 2. A fair Monument of White Marble erected at Hampton, (where by a Multitude of Gentry and Clergy, the last of whom carried him to his Grave, he was buried according to his desire, without Pomp, with the Rites of the Church of England, in the Buryingplace of the generous Family wherein he lived) by the Generous Piety of the Right Reverend Father in God, Humphrey Lord Bishop of London, bearing this Inscription. Henricus Hammondus. Ad cujus nomen assurgit Quicquid est gentis literatae (dignum nomen Quod Auro, non Atrame unto Nec in Marmore perituro, sed Adamante potius exaretur) Musagetes Celeberrimus, vir plane summus Theologus omnium consummatissimus Eruditae pietatis Decus simul, & exemplar; Sacri Codicis Interpres facile omnium oculatissimus Errorum Malleus. Post homines natos faelicissimus; veritatis Hyperaspistes supra quam Diei potest nervosus In cujus scriptis elucescunt Ingenii gravitas &, Acumen judicii sublimitas & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, sententiarum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 D●cendi met hodus utilissima Nusquam dormitans diligentia Hammondus (inquam) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ipsa mortis vicinia positus Immortalitati quasi contiguus exuvias Mortis venerandas (Praeter quas nihil Mortale habuit) sub obscuro hoc marmore Latere voluit VII. Cal. Majas An. Aetat. LV. M. D. C. L. X. (This is all the Marble could contain, but not all, either the Excellent Dr. Hammonds Worth deserved, or the Reverend Dr. Pierces affection could Indite; upon whose affectionate Pen the Elegy grew thus.) Sed latere qui voluit ipsas latebras illustrate Et Pagum alias obscurum Invitus cogit inclarescere Nullibi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 illi potest deesse. Qui msi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Nihil aut dixit, aut fecit unquam. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Animi dotibus ita annos anteverterat ut in ipsa linguae infantia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 eaque aetate Magister artium Qua vix alii Tyrones esset. Tam sagaci fuit industria ut horas etiam subsicivas utilius perderet. Quam Plerique Mortalium serias suas collocarunt. Nemo rectius de se meruit. Nemo sensit demissius. Nihil eo aut exceltius erat aut humilius Scriptis suis factisque Sibi uni non placuit Qui tam calamo, quam vita ●umano generi complacucrat. Ita Labores pro Dei sponsa, ipsoque Deo exantlavit, ut Coelum ipsum, ipsius humeris incubuisse videretur. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 omnem super gressus Romanenses vicit, Profligavit Genevates; De utrisque merito triumpharunt Et Veritas, & Hammondus, utrisque merito triumphaturis ab Hammondo victis, & veritate. Qualis ille inter amicos censendus erit, Qui dem●reri sibi adversos, vel hostes potuit? Omnes haereses incendiarias Atramento suo deleri maluit, Quam ipsorum, aut sanguine extingui, Aut dispendio Animae expiari Coeli Indigena Eo divitias praemittebat, ut ubi cor jam erat, ibi etiam thesaurus. Quod prolix benevolus prodiga manu erogavit aeternitatem in faenore lucraturus. Quicquid habuit voluit habere, etiam invalidae valetudinis. Ita habuit in deliciis non magis facere quam sufferre, Totam Dei voluntatem, ut frui etiam videretur vel morbi taedio. Summam animi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 testatam fecit Hilaris frons, & exporrecta: Nusquam alius in filiis hominum Gratior ex pulchro veniebat corpore virtus omne jam tulerat punctum omnium plausus: Cum Mors quasi suum adjciens Calculum Funesta lithiase. Coeli avidum Maturum Coelo. Abi, viator Pauca sufficiat delibasse: Reliqua serae posteritati narranda restant Quibus pro merito enarrandis una aetas non sufflcit. The Third are his Books, more lasting than Marble, viz. ANnotations on the New Testament. Fol. Annotations on the Psalms. Fol. A Volume of Sermons. Fol. Practical Catechism. Octavo. A Vindication of some Passages therein, from the Censures of the London Ministers. Quarto. Tracts. 1. Of Conscience. 2. Of Scandal. 3. Of Will-Worship. 4. Of Superstition. 5. Idolatry. 6. Sins of Weakness and Wilfulness. 7. Of a late, or Deathbed Repentance. Of Fraternal Admonition or Correction. Quarto. Of the Power of the Keys, of Binding and Losing. Quarto. A View of the New Directory, and Vindication of the Ancient Lyturgy of the Church of England. Quarto. Considerations, concerning the danger of Changing Church-government. Quarto. Of Resisting the Lawful Magistrate, under the colour of Religion. Quarto. A View of some Exceptions made by a Romanist, to the Lord Viscount Faeulkland's discourse, of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome. Quarto. A Copy of some Papers passed at Oxford, between the Author and Master Cheynell. An Address to the Lord Fairfax, with a Vindication thereof. A Vindication of the Dissertations concerning Episcopacy, from the London Ministers Exceptions, in their Ius Divinum Ministeri Evangelii. Six Queries resolved, 1. Of the way of Resolving Controversies. 2. Of Marrying the Wife's Sister. 3. Of Polygamy and Divorce. 4. Of Infant Baptism. 5. Of Imposition of Hands for Ordination. 6. Of the Observation of Christmas, and other Festivals of the Church. Twelve. Of Fundamentals in a Nation, referring to Practice. Octavo. Of Schism against the Romanists. Twelve. A Reply to the Catholic Gentleman, about the Book of Schism. Quarto. A second Defence of that Book. Quarto. Controversies about Ignatius his Epistles. Quarto. Defences of the learned Hugo Grotius. An Account of Mr. Cawdreys' Triplix Diatuba, of Superstition, Will-worship, and Christmas Festivals. The Baptising of Infants Revived and Defended against Master Tombs. Dissertationes quatuor de Episcopatu contra Blondellum, & c. Paraenesis: Or, a seasonable Exhortatory to all true Sons of the Church of England, wherein is inserted a discourse of Heresies, in defence of our Church against the Romanists. Twelve. Discourses against Mr. jeanes, about the Ardency of Christ's Prayer, and other then agitated Controversies. A Latin Tract of Confirmation, wherein Mounsieur Daillee is concerned. A single Sheet, showing to what shifts the Papists are driven. Two Prayers for the Nation, when under its great Crisis, and hopeful method of Cure. His fourth and last, as durable as the rest, is his Life: I know not whether better lived by himself, or writ by the Reverend Doctor Fell; from whose exact Syllables it were a vanity (impardonable in me, while I have before me Dr. Hamond, that complete Idea of what is fit) to vary further than my enjoyed brevity enforced me; because no Pen can more elegantly express that Person, than his, who so severely practiseth his virtues. To the Church of England's honour and advantage be it spoken, in this last age, when ancient virtue had lost its reputation, and was outshined by the success and gallantry of new vices, it recovered its own amiableness in Dr. hamond's person, and Dr. Fells Character: A character that is his nature, not his fancy; and writ well, because lived so. THE Life and Death OF Dr. RALPH BROWNRIG, Lord Bishop of Exeter. BIshop Brownrig was a person of that soundness of judgement, of that conspicuity for an unspotted Life, of that unsuspected Integrity, that his life was, Virtutum norma (as Jerome of Nepolian) ita in singulis virtutibus eminebat, quasi caeteras non habuisset: So eminent in every good and perfect gift, as if he had but o●e only. There was never any thing said by him, which a wise, and good man, would have wished unsaid or undone. He was born at Ipswich, a Town of good note in Suffolk, in the year of our Lord, 1592. His Parents of Merchantly condition, of worthy reputation, and of very Christian conversation. When he was not many weeks old, God took away ●his earthly Father, that himself might have the more tender care of the Orphan; by the prudence of his pious Mother, his a Being not cast away, like the first 〈◊〉 of a Vessel, hardly 〈◊〉 if once neglected. youth and first years of reason were carefully improved for his breeding in all good learning. He was sent in his fourteenth year to Pembroke-hall in Cambridge. There his modesty, pregnancy, and piety soon invited preferment; He was first made Scholar of the House, and after Fellow, a little sooner than either his years or standing in rigour of Statute permitted; but the College was impatient, not to make sure of him, by grafting him firmly into that Society, which had been famous for many excellent men, but none more than Brownrig. When Bachelor and Master of Arts, Bachelor and Doctor of Divinity, and Bishop of Exeter; adorning as well as deserving his Advancements. When King james (that most learned Prince) was pleased to honour the University of Cambridge by his Presence, and to make Exercises of Scholars, the best part of his Entertainment; this person (than a young man) was one of those who were chosen by the University, to adorn the reception of the King. The part he performed was jocoserious (of Praevaricator) a mixture of Philosophy, with Wit and Oratory. This he discharged to the admiration, more than the mirth of the King, and other learned Auditors, who rejoyed to see such a luxuriance of wit was consistent with innocency; that jesting was confined to conveniency and mirth, married with that Modesty which became the Muses. Among his learned and accurate performances in public, I cannot observe, that when he took the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity, the Text upon which he chose to Preach his Lain Sermon was Prophetic, and preparatory to his after-sufferings, Phil. 1. 29. Vobis autem datum, etc. To you it is given on the behalf of Christ, not only to believe in him, but to suffer for his sake. Which eloquent and pious Sermon, he afterwards was to fulfil indeed. Quod docuit verbo confirmavit exemplo. He made his Doctrine good by his practice, taking up the Cross of Christ, and following him. He was preferred to be Prebend of the Collegiate Church of Eli, by the favour and love of the then Bishop of that Seat, Dr. Felton, a very holy and good man: he had also a good Living at Barlow, not far from Cambridge, a Country Village; where he condescended, bringing out new and old out of his treasure, in b A● if there were no Babes in the Church which could not dig●st meat nor pick bones. his Preaching and Cathechising to ordinary capacities: (He oft deplored the disuse and want of Catechising:) After that, this great Lamp was set and shined in a Sphere more proper and proportionate, being chosen Master of Katherine-hall. Here it was wonderful to see, how the Buildings, the Revenues, the Students, and the Studiousness of that place increased by the Care, Counsel, Prudence, Diligence, and Fame of Dr. Brownrig; who had such an eye to all, that he oversaw none; frequenting the Studies, and examining even younger Scholars, that they might be encouraged in Learning and Piety. He kept up very much, as good Learning and good Manners, so the honour of Orthodox Divinity and orderly Conformity: He kept to the Doctrine, Worship, Devotion, and Government in the Church of England: which, he would say, he liked better and better, as he grew older. If any, out of scruple or tenderness of Conscience was less satisfied with some things, no man had a more tender heart or a gentler hand to heal them, if worthy, ingenious, and honest. He would convince, though not convert Gainsayers, and if he could not persuade them, yet he would pity and pray for them, drawing all with the silken cords of humanity, the bands of a man's love. He could endure differences among Learned and Godly men in Opinions, especially sublime and obscure, without distance in affection. He thought that Scripture itself in some points was left unto us less clear and positive, that Christians might have wherewith to exercise both Humility in themselves, and Charity towards others. He very much venerated the first worthy Reformers of Religion at home and abroad: yet was he not so addicted to any one Master, as not freely to use his own great and mature judgement. He hoped every good man had his Retractions either actual or intentional; though all had no time to write them, as St. Austin did. He had the greatest Antipathy against those unquiet and pragmatic Spirits, which affect endless Controversies, Varieties, and Novelties in Religion to carry on a Party, and under that Screen of Religion, to advance their private Interests in public Designs. For the Liturgy, though he needed a set Form as little as any, yet he had a particular great esteem of it; 1. For the Honour and Piety of his Martyrly Composers. 2. For its excellent matter and prudent method 3. For the good he saw in it to all sober Christians, the want of which he saw was not supplied by any Ministers private Praying and Preaching. Not that the Liturgy is unalterable: but he judged all such alterations ought to be done by the public Spirit. As for Bishops, he was too Learned a man to doubt, and too honest to deny the Univerval Custom and Practice of the Church of Christ, in all Ages and places for fifteen hundred years, according to the pattern (at least) received from the Apostles; who without doubt, followed, as they best knew, the mind of Christ. He was by the favour of K. Charles, and the great liking of all good men, made Bishop of Exeter, Anno 1641. a Doctor Young his old fri●nd, Preaching his Consecration Sermon on this Text, The water's 〈◊〉 risen, O Lord, the waters are risen; which inunde●ions of popular fury when Vicechancellor of Cambridge, he by his prudence set banks to a while; and by the procerity of his parts and 〈…〉 ough. Whereupon a certain man said, he wondered Dr. Brownrig would be made a Bishop, whom he had heard sometime declare his judgement against Episcopacy. This being related to the Bishop, he with some passion replied; I never thought, much less said, as that person hath falsely av●rred. I thank God, I took the Office of a Bishop with a good Conscience, and so I hope by God's mercy, I shall both maintain and discharge it. And howsoever this excellent Bishop enjoined not the benefit of the King's favour and munificence as to his Bishopric, or any other Preferment after the Troubles of the times, yet he was ever most unmoveable, royal respects of Fidelity, Gratitude, Love, and Obedience. Accordingly when O. P. with some show of respect to him, demanded his judgement in some public Affairs. The Bishop with his wont Gravity and Freedom, replied: My Lord, the best counsel I can give, is that of our Saviour, Render unto Caesar, the things that be Caesars, and unto God, the things that be Gods. With which free Answer O. P. was rather silenced then satisfied. This grave Personage, when forced to retire, was useful to those that were worthy of him, and knew how to value him either as a Bishop, or a Divine, or a Counsellor, or a Comforter, or a Friend. Among those that gave him a Liberal and Noble entertainment, Thomas Rich Esq of Shunning in Berk-shire, desorveth with honour to be thus Registered, that he was the especial Friend of Bishop Brownrig. Indeed none could be hospitable to him gratis: he always paid for his entertainments by his many excellent Discourses. He was always when in health as cheerful (as far as the Tragedies of the times gave leave) as one that had the continual Feast of a good Conscience; and as content, as if he had a Lords Estate. All diminutions and indignities which some men put upon so Worthy and so Venerable a Person, he digested into patience and prayers. Thus he was in some degree conformable to the Primitive Bishops, which were poor and persecuted, yea to the great Bishop of our Souls, who for our sake made himself of no reputation. About a year before he died, he was invited with much respect and civility to the honourable Society of both the Temples, to bless them, as with his constant residence, so with his fatherly instructions and prayers. To signify the reality of their Love, and value to his Lordship, they not only allowed an annual honorary recompense to express their thanks, but they provided handsome Lodgings, and furnished them with all things necessary, convenient, and comely for a Person of his Worth. Such as could hear him preach rejoiced at his gracious words, such as for the Crowd could not come nigh enough to hear him, had pleasure to stay and behold him, conceiving they saw a Sermon in his looks, and were bettered by the Venerable Aspect of so worthy a Person. God was pleased to exercise him with bodily pains, indispositions, and distempers, sometimes with fits of the Stone; but under all these God supported him with his grace, as always humble, devout, and pious, so for the most part sociable, serene, and cheerful, till he had lived to his sixty seventh year. He had frequent infirmities a little before his death. He would often say, That it was a very cheap time to die, there being so little temptation to desire life, and so many to welcome death, since he had lived to see no King in the State, no Bishop in the Church, no Peer in Parliament worthy of that name. He only hoped and prayed God that he would favour him so far as with a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, as to let him die without pain; and indeed he did. For after his Spirits were in ten days decayed and wasted, he slumbered much, yet had vigilant Intervals, at which time he gave himself to prayer, and meditation, and holy discourses: And being full of the Grace and peace of God, and confirmed in it by the Absolution of the Church, he rendered his precious soul to God that gave it, Decemb. 7. 1659. a Troubled with the Stone, Hyropick inclinations, and other distempers incident to 〈◊〉 bodies. His body for Stature and Figure, was somewhat taller and bigger than ordinary, yet very comely. No man ever became the Preachers Pulpit, or the Doctor's Chair, or the Episcopal Seat, better than he did, carrying before him such an unaffected State and Grandeur (such benign gravity, and a kind of smiling severity, that one might see much in him to be reverenced, but much more to be loved; yet what was Venerable in him was very amiable, and what was amiable was Venerable. His remains lie in the Temple-Church, with this following Inscription, buried at the Charge of both Temples, to his great honour and their greater. I know (saith one, of his death) all accidents are minuted and momented by Divine providence, and yet I hope I may say without sin, his was an untimely death, not to himself (prepared thereunto) but as to his longer life, which the prayers of pious people requested, the need of the Church required, the date of nature could have permitted, but the pleasure of God (to which all must submit) denied: otherwise he would have been most instrumental to the composure of Church differences, the deserved opinion of whose goodness had peaceable possession in the hearts of the Presbyterian party. I observed at his Funeral that the prime persons of all persuasions were present, whose judgements going several ways, met all in a general grief for his decease. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. P. M. S. Augustius Solito Virtutum exemplar Si tibi tuisque imitandum velis, Mox Moriture Lector: Subtus positas nepigeat contemplari EXUVIAS RADULPHI BRUNRICI. S. T. D. IPS WICI, peramaeni Icenorum oppidi, Parentibus honestis, Tantoque Filio beatis, orti. Infantulum terrestri orbum caelestis tenerius fovit Pater: Piaque literatura pene ad miraculum imbutum, Per omnes Academiarum gradus eductum, Ad Aulae Catharinae praefecturam, Ad Saepius repetitam Procan. Cantab. dignitat●m Ad Exoniensis Episcopatus Honorem Caroli Regis favore evexit: Quem afflictissimum fidelitate inconcussa coluit Vir undique egregius: Doctior an melior Dubites; F●m● per omnem aetatem immaculata, into splendida & magnifica. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 olim per biennium, at 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: Nec conjugii spretor, nec caelibatui impar. Severu, ubique castitatis exactor; Tam vultus, quam vitae majestate venerandus: Quod enim vultu promisit optimum, vita praest●t: Tacita Sermonum, urbana morum sanctitate Non jucundus minus, quam utilis. Supercilii non ficti, non clati, non efferi; Humillima granditate cuncta gerens. Credas nec conscio tantas cumulasse— dotes Naturam prodigam, benignamque gratiam: Adeo omne tulit punctum; idque levissima invidia. In Concionibus sacris frequens dominator: In disputationibus Scholasticis semper Triumphator; Barnabas idem & Boanerges: Tam pugno, quam palma nobilis: Suavi terrore, & venerando amore ubique pollens, Beat a uberrimi ingenii facund●a, Honorum omnium votis et expectationi nunquam non satisfecit. Quadratus undique Deo, Ecclesiae, sibi Constans: A mobili et rotunda aevi figura penitus abhorrens Scenter, s●pienter et semper bonus: Reformatae olim in Anglia Religionis, priscae Doctrinae, Liturgiae, Regiminis, Ecclesiae integrae, contra veteratores et Novatores omnes aequanimus, ac acerrimus vindex. Sero nimis (pro temporum morbis et remediis) Episcopali sublimitate meritissime auctum, Bellorum et Schismatum late stagrantiu● incendia Optimum Antistitem, una eum Coepiscopis omnibus (viris ut plurimum in noxiis et eximiis) Tota Ecclesia, Rege, Repub.) mox deturbarunt; Deturbatum facultatibus pene omnibus Spoliarunt. Iactur●m ingenti ut decuit, animo tulit: de Sacrilegis non Spoliis Sollicitus, Queis non minus career, 〈◊〉 recteuti didicerat. Tandem, ipsa obscuritate illustrior factus, Generosae Templariorum Societatis amore allectus, Concionatoris Honorarii munus ibidem suscepit; Nec diu (proh dolour) sustinuit. Quum enim Testamentum condiderat, Quale primaevi solebant Episcopi, Gratiarum in Deum, Benignitatis in amicos, Charitatis in omnes copia refertum, Anno AEtatis Sexagesimo septimo, Iniqui, inquieti, ingrati seculi mores, jamque merito recrudescentis belli minas Laetus fefellit: Et ad meliorem Dominum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Christiana plenus, Optata 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 beatus Libens migravit, Decemb. 7. 1659. Haec vero ●enerandi Praesumlis ramenta aurea, Amplissimique viri parva compendia. L. M. C. I. G. S. T. D. Magnalia ejus, quae nec marmor breve, Nec Tabula prolixa, nec mens mortalis Capiet, Beatae Aeternitati Silentio consecran da—. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ite nunc 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vestros recensere greges; (Multis Sectarum maculis variegata pecora) Si quos inter vestros Gigantum fraterculos (Vilis plebeculae vilia mancipia) Pares ●imelesve invenistis Heroas Primaevis nuperisque nostris Episcopis: Vsserium (volo) Mortonium, Potterum, Davenantium, halum, Prideauxium, Westfieldium, Winneffum, Brunricum, Alios, meliori seculo & Fato Dignos; Extra irae invidiaeque vestrae aleam nunc positos; Heu tandem pudibundi vobiscum recolite, Aurea quae in ferrum mutastis secula; quando Nec merita praemiis de erant, nec premiameritis: Quantum a bellis, a mendicitate, a miseriis, A Rixis, ab hodiernis vulgi ludibriis, Tranquilla & Beata ista distabant tempora; Quae, molles nimis, nec far, nec frui potuistis, Icti, afflicti, prostrati phryges tandem sapite; Deumque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, non 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Authorem Moribus Catholicis & antiquis colite, Vt quantum a Papae tyrannide, & plebis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 differat Primaeva & Paterna Episce●●arum Praelatura Sine fuco sciant, fruanturque posteri, BRUNRICI memores Praesusis Angelici. THE Life and Death OF Dr. JOSEPH HALL., Bishop of Norwich. THIS Reverend Person (who hath written most passages of this his life) being a july 1, 1574. born at Ashby-de-la-zouch in Leicester-shire, of honest and well-allowed Parents (his Father being chief Officer of that place under Henry Earl of Huntingdon, the Lord of it) was so enured to seriousness and devotion by his religious Mother, so improved in learning by his careful Schoolmasters, and so promising in parts to the more nice observers of him, that in the fifteenth year of his age, his Master and one Mr. b Newly come f●om Cambridge, to be Lecturer of that place. Pelset, eminent in those parts, agreed together, to persuade his Father charged with eleven Children besides, to a nearer and an easier way of his education than Cambridge, whereto he was destined, (being devoted from his infancy to that sacred Calling) under the last of these Gentlemen, who upon an essay of his fitness for the use of his Studies, undertook he should in seven years be as complete an Artist, Linguist, and Divine, as any University man, his Indentures being Prepared, his Time being Set, and his Suits Addressed, for the pleasing, but fatal project, as it fell out to him that succeeded, when it pleased God (to whose providence the pious youth solemnly resigned himself in this affair) that Mr. Nath. c Who was born at the same time with him. Silby, Fellow of Emanuel College, conceiving a good opinion of his aptness and learning, and hearing the late projected diversion, set before his elder Brother's eyes, then accidentally at Cambridge, the excellency of an Academical life, with so much advantage, that falling on his Knees to his Father, he rise not till promising the Sale of some of his own Inheritance, towards the charge, he brought the good man to a passionate resolution, for the University. Where with Mr. Henry Cholmely (for many years' Partners of one Lesson, and for as many of one Bed,) he spent two years at his Father's sole charge, and four years with his Uncle Sleigh of Darbies' assistance (who would by no means suffer him, so much against his own will at two years' end, to be Master of that School, whereof he had been so lately Scholar) when being Master of Arts, and mentioned by his friend Cholmleys' Father to the good Earl of H. who well esteemed the Father's service, and heard as well of the Sons hopefulness; wherefore he demanded, not without some concern, why he was not preferred in that College, where he was so much applauded; and being told his Tutor, a person well known to his Lordship, filled up the place of that County, he persuaded him to a resignation of his Fellowship, for an honourable Relation to his Family, and the assurance of his favour, to whose place (notwithstand Mr. Hall's deprecation of the choice to Dr. Chadderton, upon the sudden news of the Earls death, arrived the second day of their strict Election (saying ingeniously that his youth was exposed to less needs, and more opportunities of provision, than his Tutors more reduced years) he was admitted (the twenty third year of his age) into a society, newly its self admitted to the University (writes) he which if it hath any equals, I dare say hath no superiors for good Order, studious Carriage, strict Government, austere Piety, where he spent six or seven years more, with such contentment, as the rest of his life hath in vain striven to yield; his exercises being plausible, especially his Position (for which he was first noted in the University) that Mundus Senescit, a Position, saith my Author, that was its own confutation, the ingenuity thereof, arguing rather an increase than a decay of parts in this latter age. His Rhetoric Lecture thronged, till sensible of his too long diversion from his destined Calling, he entered not without fear the Sacred Orders; wherein solemn his Performances in the University-Churches, and useful his Instructions in the Neighbor-Villages, when Judge Popham entrusted with the well endowed School of a Founded by Master Blundel. Tiverton in Devon, upon Dr. Chaddertons motion, whom he consulted, offered him not so much the pains, as the government of it; for the acceptance whereof, he with the Doctor attended the Judge at London, when a Messenger in the Street, delivered him the good Lady Druryes Letter, with a tender of the Rectory of her Halsted in Suffolk, which (telling Dr. Chadderton, that God pulled him by the Sleeve to the East directly, to that Calling whereto he was destined, and must go indirectly to by the West; and satisfying the Judge with the recommendation of Mr. Cholmeley to that employment) he accepted cheerfully, and (an Atheist, one Lily, that estranged him from his Patron and neighbours, being removed by the Pestilence at London, whither he went to do ill offices between Mr. Hall and his Patron, in answer, as he observes, to his Prayers to God to stop his proceedings) enjoyed comfortably for two years, when having repaired his House; and being by his affairs inclined to a Married state, as he walked from Church, with a reverend Neighbour b Master Grandidge. Minister, he saw a comely and modest c Daughter to Master George W●nniffe of Brettenham. Gentlewoman, at the Door of that House where they were invited to a Wedding-dinner; and ask his worthy Friend, whether he knew her? was told by him, he had bespoke her for his Wife, as upon due prosecution of the unexpected providence she was for forty nine years after; the first two years whereof, upon his noble friend Sir Edmund Bacon's importunity, he attended him to the Spa in Ardenna, out of his Curiosity to make an ocular inspection into the State of the Romish Church, with the allowance of his nearest friends, under the protection of the Earl of Hertford, than Ambassador to Archduke Albert at Brussels, having provided for his charge. Landing at Calais, after some cross winds at Sea, and passing, not without horror, Gravelling, Dunkirk, (those late dreadful prisons of the English) Winoxberge, Ypre, Gaunt and Courtray, to Brussels; the first observable he met with, was an English Inns of Court Gentleman, run out of his Estate, Religion, and Country, and turned Bigot and Physician; Immediately, at first meeting, ravishing the learned Knight with Lipsius Apricollis his Relations of the Lady of a Or Shern●● heav ill, 〈◊〉 Sh●●phili. Zichems' Miracles, till Mr. Hall appeared in a habit more suitable to his danger than his Calling, and asked what difference there was between that Lady's Miracles, and Vespasians Vestals Charms? especially, since in both, it it seems the Patients observed the like Magical times b As Fridays Washing in such a Ial●ll. and washings. Whereupon, the Gentleman surprised, and disavowing that learning, referred him to their Divines, the most eminent whereof was Costerus, who having invited him to the College, at the Gate whereof the party saluted him with a Deo gratias, lost time in a designed discourse of the unity of the Church, out of which no Salvation; till he satisfied him, he came not thither, with any doubt of his own Profession, but for the same of his Learning, and a particular account of the aforesaid Miracles; in order to which, a weak discourse of Divine and Diabolical Miracles, a choleric invective against our Church for want of Miracles, with many other incident particulars; which Mr. Hall modestly, yet effectually refuted that Father Baldwyn, who sat at the end of the Table, as sorry a Gentleman of his Country (for all the while he was accosted agreeably to his Habit with a Dominatio Vestra) should depart without further satisfaction, offered him another Conference next morning, which upon Sir Edmund Bacon's intimation of the danger of it, he excused as bootless, both sides being so throughly settled. Thence, not without a great deliverance from Freebooters, a suspicious Convoy and Night, they passed by the way of Naumaurs and Liege to the Spa, where finishing a second part of Meditations, to the first he had published, just upon his travels, in his return up the Mosa, reconciling our reverend posture at the Eucharist, to our denial of Transubstantiation, and answering some furious Invectives against our Church, with an intimation of the Laws disabling him to return upon theirs. He incensed a Sorbonist c Of the Carmelites. Prior so far, that Sir Edmund Bacon winked upon him to withdraw; and in his way to Brussels, describing our Churches and Baptism to some Italians, who thought we had neither in elegant Latin bewrayed him so well, that he was charged as a Spy, until he told them he was only an attendant of Sir Edmund Bacon, Grandchild to the famous Lord Chacellor of that name in England, travelling under the Protection of our late Ambassador, whom he waited on (not without danger at Antwerp upon a Procession-day, had not a tall Brabanter shadowed him) along the fair River Schield by Vlushing, where the curiosity of visiting an ancient Colleague at Middleburgh, parted him from his Company, whom the Tide would not stay for, and stayed him in a long expectation of an inconvenient and tempestuous passage. But ten pounds of his small maintenance being detained, a year and a half after his useful extravagancies, he arose suddenly out of Bed and went to London (upon the Overture of a Preachers place at St. Edmunds-bury) to persuade his Patron to reason, who complemented him out of so ungainful a change, and commending his Sermon at London to my Lord Denny (who had a great kindness for him for those little Books sake he writ, as he said, to buy Books) wished him to wait upon him as he did (when upon Mr. Gurney the Earl of Essex his Tutor's motion, he had preached so successfully the Sunday at the Prince's b At Richmond. Court (where his meditations were veryacceptable) and on the Tuesday following by the Prince's order, that he gave him his hand, and commanded him his service; and when his Patron, who knowing he would be taken up, wished him now at home, gave him an harsh answer about Ministers rate of Competencies) with welcome, and terms as noble as the mover for the acceptance of Waltham, wherein, and the Prince's service; he settled himself with much comfort and no less respect: his Highness by his Governor Sir Thomas chaloner, offering him honourable Preferment for constant residence at Court, and his Lord no less advantageous for his stay at Waltham, where his little c Delivered without book with the same exactness they were Penned. Catechism did much good, his three exactly Penned Sermons a week more: and his select prayer, (without which he never performed any exercise from the thirteenth year of his age to his daying day) most of all. During the two and twenty years he continued at Waltham, four eminent Services he went through. 1. The recovery of Wolverhampton Church (to which belonged a Dean and eight Prebendaries) swallowed up by a wilful Recusant in a pretended Fee-farm for ever, where being collated Prebend by the Dean of Windsor upon his Master's Letters, he discovered counterfeited Seals, Rasures, Interpolations, and Misdates of unjustifiable evidence, whereupon the Lord Elmrere awarded the Estate to the Church, until revicted by Common-Law; the Adversary Sir Walter Leveson offered him 40 l. per annum; A special Verdict at Kings-Bench being declared for them: upon the renewal of the Suit (his Colleague, in whose name it ran being dead) the Foreman of the Jury who vowed to carry it for Sir Walter, the very day before the trial, fell mad: His Majesty having upon his Petition prevented the Projectors of concealment, which a word that fell from Sir Walter intimated) Sir Walter offered, first to cast up his Fee-farm for a Lease. Secondly, to make each prebend's place d Ten pound more being allowed Doctor Hall for his pains. 30 l. per annum, which Composition being furthered by e Then Dean of Windsor, and so Patron of the Church. Spalleto, and only deferred by two scrupulous prebend's till Sir Welter's death, the Lord Treasurer confirmed only with some abatement in consideration of the Orphan's condition, and the Prebend resigned by the public-spirited Doctor resigned to one Mr. Lee, who should reside there and instruct that great and long neglected people. 2. The attendance in my Lord Viscount Doncaster, afterward the Earl of Carlisles most splendid Embassy in France, whence returning with much ado after a hard journey by Land, in Company with his dear Duke Moulin, and an harder by Sea, he was collated to the Long-promised Deanery of Worcester, which yet the excellent Dr. Field Dean of Gloucester, was so sure of in the Doctor's absence, that he had brought Furniture for that spacious house. 3. His Majesty's service in Scotland, which he performed with that applause for his Demeanour and Doctrine from Priests and people, that at his return with the Earl of Carlisle before the King (upon supposition that the Country Divines would supply the Stage-courses) some envious persons suggested to his Majesty his compliance with that prejudicated people, whereupon he was after a gracious acknowledgement of his service, called to a mild account; his Royal Master not more freely professing what informations had been given against him, than his own full satisfaction with his sincere and just answer, as whose excellent wisdom well saw that such winning carriage of his could be no hindrance to his great designs, and required him to declare his judgement in the five points in f Which was Printed since in his remains. p 306. answer to a Letter of Mr. W. Strouther of Scotland, that the King understood was privately sent to him, which was read in the Universities of that Nation with effects there, and approbation from his Majesty beyond his hopes. 4. The reason why those g Of Predestination and Reprobation of the Latitude of Christ's death, of the power of man's freewill, b●fore and after his conversion, and of the E●lects perseverance in grace. five points becoming troublesome and dangerous in the Low-Countries, his Majesty advising and furnishing a Synod there, sent him as one of the four British Divines to Dort, where his weak body agreeing not with the unquietness of those Garrisoned Towns, after some pathetic Speeches and motions for accommodation: after the expedient (called Sintentia 4. Theol. Brit.) for reconciliation and the Elegant Latin Sermon (the night before he preached which he was wonderfully refreshed and enlivened beyond what he had been a month before) for Peace he retired first to my Lord Ambassador Carletons' at the Hague, and with his Majesty's leave Dr. Goad being substituted in his place to England, taking his farewell of the Synod in these words. Non facile vero mecum in gratiam redierit Cadaverosa haec moles quam aegre usque circum gesto quae mihi hujus conventus celebritatem toties inviderit, jamque prorsus invitissimum a vobis Importune avocat & divellit neque enim ullus est sub coalo locus, aeque coalis aemulus, & in quo tentorium mihi figi malverim, cujusque adeo gestiet mihi animus meminisse. Beatos vero vos quibus hoc frui datur, non dignus eram ego (ut fidelissimi Romani querimoniam imitari liceat) qui & Christi & ecclesiae suae nomine sanctam hanc provinciam diutius sustinerem, illud vero 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nempe audito quod res erat, non alia me quam adversissima hic usum valetudine, serenissimus rex meus misertus miselli famuli sui revocat me domum quippe quod cineres meos, aut sandapylam nihil vobis prodesse norit, succentariavitque mihi virum e suis selectissimum, quantum Theologum. De me profecto (mero jam silicernio) quicquid fiat viderit ille Deus meus, cujus ego totes sum, vobis quidem ita faeliciter prospectum est ut sit cur infirmitati meae haud Parum gratulemini cum hujus●odi instructissimo succedaneo caetum hunc vestrum beaverit. Neque tamen committam 〈◊〉 Deus mihi vitam & vires indulserit ut & Corpore simul & animo abesse videar. Interea sane huic Synodo, ubicunque terrarum sim & vobis constliis conatibusque meis quibuscunque res v●stras me pro virili sedulo ac serio promoturum sancte voveo. Interim vobis omnibus ac singulis Honoratissimi Domini Legati, Reverendissime praeses, gravissimi assessores, scribae doctissimi, symmystae Colendissimi tibique venerandissima Synodus universa aegro animo ac corpore aeternum valedico. Rogovos omnes obnixius ut precibus vestris imbecillem reducem facere, comitari, prosequi velitis. Though yet surviving all his Colleagues, See his Letter at large in the Author of the Church History, protesting against the aspersion. and living to see them and the whole Synod charged with a pre-ingagement by Oath to Vote down the Remonstrants, and living likewise to vindicate them (with the States and Princes that deputed them,) who had deserved well of him, the Precedent and Assistants waiting upon him by public Vote: the Deputies of the States by Daniel Hens●us, with acknowledgement of his service in a Golden Medal, containing the Portrait of the Synod. These were his public employments, neither were his private less eminent. 1. His Theses at Cambridge, when Bachelor and Doctor of Divinity, as seasonably chosen, as prudently asserted against the Adversaries of our Doctrine, and of our Discipline. 2. His Meditations and Sermons plausible at the Prince's Court that failed, and at the Earl of Carlisles that stood by him. 3. His Letters and Resolutions (that settled so many eminent Persons, and obliged more) solid and witty. 4. His accorded a See his Remains. truths (upon the Dutch quarrel which we composed there, raised here after Mr. Mountagues Books, which expressed Overall, rather than Arminius, and the sidings in Press, Pulpits, and Parliaments thereupon) out of Bishop Overall and our Divines at Dorts propositions, showing that these parties mistaked rather than misbelieved; so reasonable that being presented to his Majesty Charles I. by Dr. Young, (the worthy Dean of Winchester) with a Petition to confine the Debates thereof in their University, and silence them in the Church; Mr. Montague offered to subscribe them on the one hand, and most Anti-monstrants English, Scottish, and French, on the other. 5. His prudent assertion, That (when as the Papists urge us where our Church was before Luther? and we produce witnesses of it● in every age with some disadvantage, since our Church is not another from theirs, but the same more Reformed●) the Church of Rome is an ancient and true Church, only it hath new Errors; an assertion, which with his former expedient, exposed him so far to the zeal of narrow-sighted men, that an Apologetical advertisement, a rational reconciler backed by Bishop Mortor, Bishop Davenant, Dr. Prideaux, and Dr. Primroses unquestionable testimony, and his own moderation in silencing all the Writers of both sides (as there were indeed to lay hold of any Controversy in order to the public disturbance) were little enough to allay the jealousy of his Lukewarmness and abatement of former zeal (when alas! he was only grown older, and so wiser!) especially since it was but a little before that he was made Bishop of Exeter (having refused Gloucester) where Providence settled him. 1. By the delay of the Duke of Buckingham's Letter, which coming two hours sooner had defeated him. 2. By the unthought of Addition of the R. of St. Breock to a poor Bishopric. 3. By a prudent resolution put into his heart notwithstanding the spies laid upon him, the jealousy entertained of him: The expostulating Letters and wary Cautions sent to him, his contests with Lords: his three purgations of himself from some envious suggestions upon his knees before his Majesty, in so much that he declared that be would be a Bishop no longer, while so liable to misinformations, to follow those courses which might most conduce to the peace and happiness of his new and divided charge, winning the misguded, a By his own power and his interest abroad, apparent in his Letters to ●. is● in the behalf of worthy persons. encouraging the painful, and corresponding so fairly withal his numerous Clergy, who submitted to all anciently received Orders, but two that fled from censure. 6. His successful Letter to the House of Commons about their delay b See Parliament proceedings, three 〈◊〉 years of K C. I. by T●●. Fuller. of supply and misapprehensions. 7. His happy unanimity within his charge, till the last year he was there when some factious Neighbour unkindly undermined him in the choice of Convocation-men, for the Convocation 1639. only desiring to recommend grave persons to their Election, leaving them to their freedom of choice, and they polling to his face for persons he heard not of, though he carried it; and at his return home was nobly welcomed by hundreds of the Diocese, which that year by his Majesty's special favour he exchanged for that of Norwich, which his prudent management of the former of Exeter (wherein he miscarried only in some inadverted expressions, which yet he submitted to the Church's censure: and in an over-credulous Charity, whereby yet he designed the Kingdom's peace:) First, his motion to the Archbishop for a General Counsel of his Majesties three Kingdoms to shame the Scottish insolence, and the English pretences against Episcopacy: and when that was not judged expedient, his second for the Archbishop of Armagh, Bishops of Kilmore, Down and Conner in Ireland: the Bishops of Durham, Salisbury, and his own in England, with three more of Scotland, and the Professors of Divinity of the respective Universities judgement in that point; and when that was not convenient, considering the variety of men's apprehensions, his cheerful undertaking of the Treatise called Episcopacy by Divine Right, upon my Lord of Canterbury's noble motion, and one G. Grahum a Bishop in Scotland, most ignoble c Who repented solemnly for being made a Bishop. Recantation, referring the fifteen heads of his discourse to my Lord's examination, who altered some of them to more expressiveness and advantage; d Especially i● the point of Anti-christ, the Sabbata● ri●nism, the jus positionum mediatum. Whether ●piscapocy an order or degree with other observations, the result of great prudente. and perused each head when finished and completed, with the irrefragable propositions deserved. But the Plot against Episcopacy being too strong for any remedy, this good man was one of th●se Charged in the House of Lords, and a strong Demurrer stopping that proceeding, one of those endangered by the Rabble hardly escaping, who one night vowed their ruin from the House, under the Earl of Manchesters' protection, having in vain moved both Houses for assistance: One of them that protested against all Acts done in the House, during that violence, in pursuance of their own right, and the trust reposed in them by his Majesty; and that being not, as was intended, proposed either to his Majesty's Secretary, to himself, or the Lord Keeper to be weighed; but hastily read in the House, apprehensive enough of misconstruction. He (being able to do no good in the Subcommittee for Reformation in the jerusalem Chambers) with 11 of his Brethren, jan. 30. late in a bitter frosty night was Voted to the Tower, after a Charge of High-treason (for owning his Parliamentary right) received upon his Knees, where Preaching in his course with his Brethren, and Meditating, he heard cheerfully of the Bonfires, Ringing in the City, upon their Imprisonment; he looked unconcernedly on the aspersions cast on them here, and in Foreign parts in Pamphlets, and other methods; he suffered patiently the Dooms prepared for them, he Pleaded resolutely several times at the Bar. The pretended Allegations brought against them, being admitted to Bail by a Upon the Earl of essex his motion. the Lords, he went patiently again to the Tower upon the Motion of the Commons, and being Released upon 50000 l. Bond, retired to Norwich (his and his brethren's Votes being Nulled in Parliament) where being Sequestered to his very clothes, he laying down money for his Goods, and for his Books, his Arrearages being stopped, his Palace rifled in Norwich, his Temporal Estate in Norfolk; Suffolk, Essex was Confiscated, the 400 l. per annum, Ordered by the Houses as each Bishop's competency, was b By Wild and Cotbet. stopped, the Synodals were kept back, Ordination was restrained: (The very Mayor of Norwich, and his Brethren, summoning the grave Bishop before them, an unheard of peremptoriness, for ordaining in his Chapel, contrary to the Covenant.) And when they allowed him but a fifth part, Assessments were demanded for all; extremities none could bear, but he who exercised moderation and patience, as exemplarily as he recommended them to others pathetically and eloquently, who often passionately complained of the sacrilegious outrages upon the Church, but was silent in those unjust ones on himself; who in the midst of his miseries provided for the Church's Comfort, by his Treatises of Consolation; for its Peace, by the Peacemaker, Pax Terris, and Modest offer; for its Instruction, by his frequent Sermons, as often as he was allowed; for its Poor, by a Weekly Contribution to distressed Widows to his death, and a good sum in the Place where he was born, and the City where he died after it; for its Professors, by holy admonitions, counsels, and resolutions; for its Enemies, by dealing with some of them so effectually, that they repented, and one among the rest, a great Commissioner, and Justice of Peace, I mean Esquire Lucas, who, though a man of a great Estate, received Orders at his hands, and recompensed in injuries to the Church as Committee-man, by being a faithful Minister of it to this day; and when he could not prevail with men, especially, about the horrid Murder of his Gracious Sovereign, he wrestled with God (according to his Intimation in his Mourners of Zion, to all other Members of our Church) in a Weekly Fast with his Family to his death, the approaches to which, was as his whole life, solemn, stayed, composed, and active, both in Press and Pulpit (his intellectuals and sensuals, the effect of his temperance, being fresh to the last) till the Stone and Stangury wasted his natural strength, and his a The excellent Doctor Brown of Norwich. Physicians Arts; and he aser his fatherly reception of many persons of honour, learning, and piety, who came to crave his dying Prayers and Benedictions; one whereof (a Noble Votary) he saluted with the words of an ancient Votary (Vide hominem mox pulverem futurum.) After many holy prayers, exhortations, and discourses, he roused up his dying spirits, to a heavenly Confession of his Faith, wherein his Speech failed him; and with some Struggle of Nature, with the Agonies of Death, he quietly, gradually, and even insensibly gave up the Ghost. (Having b Vid● C●lumb No●. Preached to two Synods, reconciled ●ix Controversies (for which he had Letters of Thanks from Foreigners of all sides) Served two Princes, and as many Kings, Sat in three Parliaments, kept the Pulpit for fifty three years, managed one Deanery and two Bishoprics, written forty six Excellent Treaties, seen his and the Church's enemies, made as odious at last as they were popular at first; directed the most hopeful Members of the Church in courses that might uphold it) 1656. And of his Age eighty two years, leaving behind him three Monuments of himself. 1. His excellent Children, in some of whom we yet see and enjoy him. 2. His incomparable Writings, of which it was said, by one that called him The English Seneca, That he was not unhappy at Controsies, more happy at Comments, very good in Characters, better in his Sermons, best of all in his Meditations; now Collected in three Volumes with his Remains. And 3. In his inimitable Virtues so humble, that he would readily hear the youngest at Norwich; so meek, that he was never transported, but at three things. 1. Grehams' horrid Apostasy. 2. The infamous Sacrilege at Norwich. And 3. The Kings unparalled Murder: So religious, that every thing he saw, did, or suffered, exercised his habitual devotion; so innocent, that c Which he called his other soul. Music, Mathematic, and Fishing, were all his Recreations; so temperate, that one plain meal in thirty hours was his diet; so generally accomplished that he was an excellent Poet, Orator, Historian, Linguist, Antiquary, Phisolopher, School Divine, Casuist, and what not: no part of Learning but adorns some or other of his Works, in a most eminent manner; I cannot express him more properly than his worthy Sons, Heirs to his worth, and to his modesty, intimate him with Pericles. Thucide●. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. To Socrates. E●napius. Lipsius. Halycarnasseus. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. To Pythagoras. Ejus singula sententiarum frustra gemmas habent. To Homer. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. To Demosthenes. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. To Seneca. Plus aliquid semper dicit, quam dicit. To Ignatius. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, So called for his Piety. To Athanasius, who for his Strenuousnesse in Disputation was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. To chrysostom, who was said to be, Theatrum quoddam Divinae eloquentiae, in quo Deus abunde videri voluit, quid posset vitae sanctitas. cumvi dicendi conjuncta. To Clemens Alex. Inter eloquentes summe doctos, inter doctus summe eloquens. To Saint Basil the Great, upon whom Nazianzen bestowed this Epitaph. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Sermo tuus tonitru, vitaque fulgar erat. To Saint jerom. Blandum facundiae nomen, & summus in omnibus artifex. Caussinu●. To Hilary. St. ●erom. Lucifer Ecclesiarum, pretiosus lapis, pulchro sermone universa loquitur, & si semina aliqua secus viam cecidisse potuissent, tamen abeo messis exorta est magna. To St. Cyprian (who had the name of Cicero Christianus.) Discernere nequeas utrumne gratior in eloquendo, an facilior in explicando, an potentior in persuadendo fuerit. To Saint Bernard. Heinsius. Cujus ego meditationes vinum Paradisi ambrosiam animarum, pabulum Angelicum, medullam pietatis vocare soleo. He was one that taught this Church the Art of Divine Meditation, one that always made it his business to see and search into the things of God, with a zealous diligence, rather than a bold curiosity. Antiqua probitate, & simplicitate virum, & eruditis pietate, & piis eruditionis laude Antecellentem, ita secundas doctrinae ferentem, ut pietatis primas obtineret. Those that were most eminent for learning, he excelled in piety; and those that were most famous for piety, he excelled in learning; this High-priests Breast was so richly adorned with the glorious Vrim, and with the more precious Jewel of the Thummim. The Church fared the better for his wrestling Prayers, and the State for his Holy Vows. One he was of a serene, mild, and calm aspect, as smooth as his wit and tongue; though living long, but once a Child in understanding, though always so in humility and innocence, whereby he suppled those adversaries into a moderation, that could not be persuaded to a conversion; they observing his industry neither ceasing nor abating with his preferments, valuing his time as much, and giving account of it as well as any man, not to his dying day waving any pains agreeable to his Calling, till forbidden by men, or disenabled by God; when it was observed, that he was as diligent a Hearer, as he had been a Preacher. He would not be Buried in the Church, but he Lives in it by his great Charity, allowing a weekly Contribution to the poor among whom he lived, out of his little remainder, which he observed, like the Widow's Barrel of Meal, and Cruse of Oil, to increase by being dispersed, leaving 30 l. a piece to the Widows of the Town where he was born, and the City where he died. 2. His Moderation, which is known unto all men. 3. His Children, of whom I may say, as St. Ambrose doth of Theodosius: Non totus recessit, reliquit nobis Liberos, in quibus cum debemus agnoscere, et in quibus cum cernimus, et tenemus. 4. His Works which praise him, as much as all men praise them, and to which we may affix Nazianzens' Character of Basils' Works. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Obiit Sept. 8. 1656. Sepultus 29. Tunc Ecclesiae militantis Angelus adjunxit latus triumphantis chor●, & caelestem adauxit constellationem, gloriae Album pro Episcopali pulla. Induens victricem palmam Pro extorto pastorali pedo Istam Coronam sideream, pro tenui decussa Cydari. Coelo quod meditabatur, & Deo fruens qui omnia quibus degebat loca piis cogitatibus coelum fecit. Cujus scripti quae venusta Lumina! qualesque nervi! Cujusque vitae quam concinna pietas! THE Life and Death OF Mr. WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT. NOT only all the Wisdom, but all the Wit of the Age (wherein both Wit and Wisdom were at a fatal height) attended that Cause that commanded not only the Arms of the most Valiant, but the Parts of the most Learned; these deserving the Bays for the vast reason they urged in his Majesty's behalf, as the other the Laurel for the great things they underwent for his Majesty's person, among whom Mr. William Cartwright, Son of Tho. Cartwright of Burford in the County of Oxford, born Aug. 16. 1615. bred at the King's School in Westminster, under Dr. Osbaston; and in Christ-Church in Oxford, under Mr. Terrent, deserves to be as well known to Posterity, as he was admired in his own time, whose very Recreations hath above fifty of the choicest Pens to applaud them; his high abilities were accompanied with so much candour and sweetness, that they made him equally loved, and admired; his virtuous modesty attaining the greatest honour by avoiding all. His soul naturally great and capable, had, he said, three advantages to fill it; great spirited Tutors, choice Books, and select Company; it was his usual saying, That it was his happiness that he neither heard nor read any thing vulgar, weak, or raw, till his mind was fixed to notions exact as reason, and as high as fancy. It's a great care due to our first years, That generous thoughts be instilled into us; imitation and observation raised his parts, and an humour of expressing every excellent Piece he saw, and indeed each brave notion he met with (and he was an exact Collector) whereby he translated not only brave men's thoughts to his own words, but their very Heart and Genius to his own constitution made up of strong Sense, compact Learning, clean, sharp, full, and sure Wit; brave passions, even and high Language; in ●ine, a great fancy, with as great judgement, that could do and be what it would: no man can tell (as Aristotle said of AEschron the Poet) what this prodigious man could not do. None humoured things and persons out of his own observation more properly. So much valued at Court for his a Especially in his admirable Royal Slave, his Play and his Prophesy, made 1636. to entertain the King and Queen at Christ-Church in Oxen, when Doctor Dupps said, Cartwright finds 〈◊〉, and we Money. Poetry, that the King and Queen enquired very anxiously of his health in his last sickness; admirable his performances, wherein (as my Lord of Monmouth Charactereth them) was wit for youth, and wisdom for the wise. So admired in Christ-Church for his easy, natural, proper, and clear Oratory, especially his Lectures on the Passions, which in his Descriptions seem but varieated reason; those wild beasts being tuned and composed to tameness and order, by his sweet and harmonious language: that Dr. Fell said, Cartwright was the utmost m●n could come to. So thronged in the Metaphysic School (where no performance ever like his, and his learned Predecessor Mr. Tho. Barlow of Queens) when Aristotle ran as smooth as Virgil, and his Philosophy melting as his Plays, and his Lectures on that obscure Book which Aristotle made not to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈…〉. See Dr. Ba●hurst of Tim. Col. Ox●ns Verses 〈◊〉 him. understood as clear as his Poems; the abstractions refined, what was rugged for many ages, lost its horror and pleased, and the thorns of Philosophy turned Roses by him, that the Theatre was thin to his School, and Comedy was not half so good entertainment as his Philosophy. So ravishing by the comeliness of his presence (for his body was as handsome as his soul) and the beauties of his discourse in his Sermons made up of learned and holy ecstasies, that (by a strength mixed with sweetness, Dr. M●in upon him. vigorous and fair) he winged up his hearers hearts to the same height with his own, expressed strict virtue into the greatest pleasure, strewed the straight way to ease and delight; chained up all thoughts to his, ravishing with a Masculine vigour his hearers, not only by way of persuasion, but command. He speaks, and straight our thoughts, Mr. S. verne upon him. are his, not ours, What's in our souls his Verse controls. We quit our minds, and he commands our powers, He shufstes souls with us, And frames us thus, or thus; We change our humours, as his discourse doth flowers. In fine, to have a person complete in the circle both of Arts, and Virtues. Whose universal Genius did know The whole world's posture, Dr. Towers upon him. and mixed Idiom too, But these as modern faculties, his soul Reared higher up, learned only to control; In abler Works, and Tengues yet more refined Thou weddest thyself, till they grew to thy mind They were so wrapped about thee, none could tell! A difference, but that Cartwright did excel. So just a Poet that Ben. johnson our ablest Judge and Professor of Poetry, said with some Passion; My Son Cartwright writes all like a man. (What had Ben. said, had he read his own Eternity in that lasting Elegy given him by Mr. Cartwright, or that other by his good friend Mr. Robert Waring, neither of which pieces are easily to be imitated) dropping not a line against the Laws either of Art or Virtue; the best times best, ready and clear to teach and please: in whom Poetry now expiring (as dying things contract all their strength and vigour to one great action) collected all its rich Beauties, Sir Edward 〈◊〉 his Poems. Sir John Pettus upon his Poetry. Wit, Art, judgement, in one rich soul That filled the Stage, the Schools, and Pulpit too, An universal Wit All things, and men, could fit, So shaped for every one, As born for that alone: Not as where Growth, Sense, Reason, one controls, But as if he had had three rational souls; He wrote so brave a Verse that none knew which Is best, the Art, or Wit, it's all so rich. His fancies are all New, His Language choice and true, The whole Contexture wrought Above our reach or thought. Dramatic, Lyric, and Heroick, thou Knewest when to vary shapes, and where, and how. Confined neither to one shape, nor to one language, being as Elegant in Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, as in English sense and reason, speak all Languages. To have the same person cast his net, and catch souls as well in the Pulpit as the Stage; and as well in the Schools as in both. Where language he to sense did reconcile, Dr. F●ll now Dean of Christ Church Oxon● upon him. Reducing reason into square and file; Whose stubborn knots retained their strength, though spread And moulded in a soft, and even thread, When that his Voice did charm th' attentive throng, And every ear was hooked unto his tongue. The numerous praess closing their souls in one, Stood all transformed into his passion. To see all Learning (like unpolished Jewels framed into Figures) smoothed into pleasure; and a Miracle of Industry and Wit sitting sixteen hours a day at all manner of knowledge, and by the happy Alchymis of wit, turning the Axioms of Aristotle, the Problems of Euclid, the sums of Aquinas, the Code of justinian, the Contexture of History, the learning of Rabbins, the Mythology of Gentilism, the Fathers, Counsels, Martyrologyes, and Liturgicks, and Christians; the Poetry, Oratory, and Criticism of the world into a good Man, a great Scholar, a most ingenious Poet and Orator, and an excellent Preacher, in whom hallowed fancies and reason grew Visions, and holy passions Raptures and Ecstasies, and all this at thirty years of age. When he died Proctor of the University, 1643. of a Malignant Fever then raging in that Garrison, and heart-grief expressing its self thus: I see the seeds of miseries that will continue an age; and a blot upon our Nation and Religion that will last with the world. Dr. Lluelin on the Death of Mr. W. Cartwright. THey that have known thee well, & searched thy parts Through all the Chain of Arts, Thy apprehension quick as active light, Clear judgement without night: Thy fancy free, yet never wild, or mad With wings to fly, and none to gad; Thy Language still in Rich, yet comely Dress Not to expose thy mind, but to express. They that have known thee thus, sigh and confess, They wish they'd known thee still, or known thee less. To these the wealth and beauties of thy mind, Be other Virtues joined, Thy modest soul strongly confirmed, and hard, ne'er beckoned from its guard; But bravely fixed midst all the baits of Praise, Deeming that Music treacherous Lays. Those put that Rate and Price upon thy breath, Great Charles inquires thy health, the Clouds thy death: For nobler Trophies can no Ashes call, Kings greet thy safety, Thunder speaks thy fall. THE Life and Death OF Mr. DUDLEY DIGGES, YOunger Son of Sir Dudley Digges, Master of the Rolls and Fellow of All-Souls in Oxford; whose pregnant soul (enured from its Childhood to great and rich thoughts) by an innate habit of observing (it was his friend Mr. a 〈…〉 cleaveland's 〈◊〉 of the 〈…〉 English, as 〈…〉 published by 〈…〉 bain. Masters of New College that (vast Scholar, general Artist and Linguist, and) soaring Wit, rule to Pupil's look on nothing without an observation) a great Memory raised by meditation, method, exercise, and discourse, he reading few things that he did not cast into some choice thoughts, which he set down in writing or expressed in converse. He finding that true which the Rabbi propounds as experimental; he learned much of his Masters or Books, by taking in their notions; more of his b There was 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Oxford always ●●●ther as 〈◊〉 S●gge, 〈◊〉 Cartwheel Mr. 〈◊〉 Mr. 〈◊〉 head. Mr. 〈◊〉 Mr. 〈…〉 Fellows and Companions by strengthening his notions with theirs, and twisting rays by a fancy corrected in its luxuriances● a while by others judgement (the Beaumond to this Fletcher.) Whose thoughts and his thoughts dress appeared both such, That 'twas his happy fault to do too much. And when by marking the arguments & reasons of their alteration, why that phrase least proper, this passage more cautious and advised, he was able to make his own by his own; which let it smile, but not giggle, inflamed by that only way to be excellent, imitation; (When the great soul of the Author, lies upon the capable soul of the Reader, as Elishas' body upon the Child, fancy upon fancy, reason upon his reason, till he be warmed and quickened into the same great accomplishments, by an exact and unerring reason, that apprehended things in the same order and coherence they subsist, whose Idea answered the order of the world, as near (abating humane frailties) as that did the first Idea; his regular thoughts, sober nature, made accurate by art, not gadding confusedly to divers objects, but proceeding rationally from one to another: By a methodical study of choice and useful learning, overcame the Intelligible World, as soon as Alexander did the Real, that is, at thirty; the product whereof (besides University performances, crowned with University applause; That he did best there, where all do well.) Performances wherein words had the life and air of things; where humours appeared as lively in his expression, as they did abroad in others actions; yea, common things grew proper in his Charms, rather than Speeches, wherein his thoughts were so ordered, so expressed, as if he did not discourse, but see; words and things falling into their order, so naturally and easily, as nothing fell amiss; as if the Scholar, as well as the Wiseman, were all things. That life, that Venus of all things which we conceive or show, proportioned. Decency was not found scattered in him here or there, but like the soul wholly every where; exercises wherein he spoke not only fancy to please, but reason to convince; vexing and filing the roughest subject, by the Chemistry and heat of a great spirit into comeliness; not pouring in the Ore or Grosse, but in fair Coin, and choice distillations, dispensing his learning, well skilled when to spare, and when to entertain. He gave the right blush and colour unto things, low without creeping, high without loss of wings smooth, yet not weak, and by a through care, big without swelling, without Painting fair. I say, besides Academical exercises, the only issue of this noble Gentleman's great parts, and unwearied Studies, was a subtle and solid Treatise, in the beginning of our Civil Wars, of the difference between King and Parliament; so full, that they who have since handled that Controversy, have written plura non plus, yea aliter, rather than alia, of that subject. A choice Fever, called a New Disease in Oxford Garrison, seizing on him, and other persons of pure spirits, and nobly tempered bodies, 1643/4. prevented him in those great services he was qualified for in his generation, which indeed deserved him not, being likely to have turned him out of the University, by a Malignant Visitation, if he had not been called out of the world by a Malignant disease. Of him and of the foresaid, 1. Mr Masters of New College. 2. Mr. Sugge, the excellent Philosopher of Wadham College, that lived to be Expelled the University, by those that had no regard either to the greatest learning, or the sweetest natures; and dying just when restored again to it. 3. Mr. Robert Waring of Christ-Church, well known by his Poetry in Latin and English, better by his Oratory; a Specimen whereof you have in as an ingenious a little Piece, as this age hath seen; I mean Effigies Amoris, made up of learning and fancy, what charms, and what convinceth; and best of all for his fidelity, choosing rather to retire to Shropshire, and bury his vast parts in the Solitudes of a Country Life, than so much as see the force offered the University, which he had heard was offered the whole Kingdom, going away 1647. when Proctor, with the Keys of the University, rather than he would deliver them to Usurpers. 4. Dr. Barten Holiday, known well by his Plays, the marriage of the Arts, & c. His Lectures on Moral Philosophy, his well languaged Sermons, his admirable Translation of Pers●●●, a new thing (to use his own words) Persius Understood; adding in his elegant way, To have committed no fault in my Translation, had been to Translate myself, and put off Man: Dying archdeacon of Oxford, 1662/3. Forced to practise Physic in the sad times, wherein be corresponded with Dr. a In whose behalf he 〈◊〉 against 〈◊〉 which made him 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Creed of St. john's, whose life is in his Epitaph at Christ-Church in Oxford. Hic subtus jacent tantillaeviri magni reliquiae, Gulielmi Creed qui Coll. D. johannis Batista Alumnus olim & socius, Academiae Dein b 1644. when the University of Oxford 〈…〉 and 〈◊〉 of Bishop Usher to 〈…〉. Procurator S. S. Theol. Doctor. & (non ambitu sed suo merito) Professor Regius; hujus Ecclesiae Canonicus: Archdiaconus Wiltoniae, & Ecclesiae Sarum Residentiarius. honores non quaesitos, sed oblatos ultro modeste tulit, prudenter gessit, vivus Academiae, & Ecclesiae ornamentum: mortuus utriusque triste desiderium Fatis cessit Anno Aetatis XLVII. XIV. Cal. Aug. A. D. 1663. Doctor Morris, who lives in this Character on his Tomb at Christ-Church aforesaid; Exuvia Instructissimi viri Io. Morris S. Th. Doctoris serenissimo Regi Carolo, a Sacris Ecclesiae hujus Cathedralis Prebendarii, Linguae S. S. in hac Academia Regii Professoris. Qui ne funere ipsius ipsa conderetur Lingua Hebraica, in illam Candidatos annuis. Instigavit Impensis; Bibliothecam ipsius aedis Curavit, Illam etiam omnium animarum Heb. Suppellectile in perpetuum augere: Caesarea Ejus precibus excitata munificentia praelecturam Hebraeam hâc praebendâ ornavit. Demum Post fidele servitium Deo, Ecclesiae, Regi, Academiae, Huic aedi peractum, regnum cum Christo est Auspicatus Die Regis Caroli Inaugurali nempe Martii 25. A. D. 1648. Aetatis suae 53. 6. Mr. a He bestowed his Books upon the Library of Christ-Church. Burton, the Author of the Anatomy of Melancholy, a Book as full of all variety of learning as himself, wherein Gentlemen, that have lost time, and are put upon an aftergame of learning, pick many choice things to furnish them for discourse or writing. Who as he lived a conceited life (un-regarded and un-regarding the world) a mere Scholar, who meeting with the Earl of Dorset, asked his Name, and when he heard it was Dorset, called him Mr. Dorset, discourseth for an hour together) so he hath at Christ-Church, where he was Student forty years, this conceited Epitaph. Paucis notus, Paucioribus ignotus Hic Jacet Democritus Junior, Cui vitam pariter, & mortem Dedit melancholia. 7. Dr. Wats of Lincoln College, a good Linguist and Philosopher, that translated several of my Lord Bacon's Books, with as much vigour, as the honourable Author writ them; one so intent on his Soul, that he minded not he had a Body. 8. Modest Mr. b And his friend Mr. Bogan. Author of Homer Hebraison. Sparks of Corpus Christi, well skilled in the Tongues and Fathers, better known Abroad than at Home, an hour of whose discouse in his Chamber, was more useful than a days study in the choicest Library, who died 1656. 9 Mr. Childmead, a choice Mathematician, a good Linguist, and a acquaint Orator; his parts kept unknit by more ingenious exercises. 10. Mr. Mede and Mr. powel of Christ-Church, killed in his Majesty's Service, being of the Regiment of Scholars, who put the Buff upon their Gowns, under the Earl of Dover; the last of whom would say, That he could never read or hear a dull discourse, but it disordered him; saying c Dum Insanos ●mitatur vallus vibius quod assimulabat cum vivum redegit. Coel. Chod. l. 11. c. 13 Cic. epist l. 2. c. 9 as Tully, in the case of deriding ridiculous Hircus, Dum illum lego, pene factus sum ille. 11. Mr. Tailor of Magdalen College, when turned out in the late times, was Chaplain to the Lord Weinman of Thame Park, after Dr. Ward, now Lord Bishop of Exeter, and Mr. Ashwell; d Who hath written an exact account of the Creeds of the Catholic Church. and when restored, chosen by the Fellows for Precedent of that College, wher● he had been so usefully a Fellow and a Tutor (but superior power guiding that choice, as it happened very well another way) he was entertained Chaplain to the Right Honourable Thomas Earl of Southampton, Lord High-Treasurer of England, by whom he was preferred Rector of the great Parish of St. Andrews Holborn, where he was buried 1665. 12. Dr. Meredith, Fellow of All-Souls, Chaplain to the Earl of Newburgh, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, who bestowed on him an Hospital in Leicester-shire, belonging to that Duchy, out of which, and his Fellowship, he was turned, 1647. and restored to both 1660. when he succeeded Dr. Sheldon now Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, in the Wardenship of the College, as he did Dr. Monk in the Provostship of Eton, an excellent Companion wherever he was entertained in the time of the Troubles, when he was every where welcome, so good his nature; and where ever he entertained since for then, he made excellent persons as welcome, as they had done him; of a noble spirit in his Magnificent Treatments to the Rich, and Liberal Erogations to the Poor, weekly while he lived, and yearly when he died, 1665. 13. Dr. Peter Turner of M●rton College, active in composing the new Statutes of the University of Oxford, and most elegant in expressing them, and the excellent Preface to them. 14. john Graves, the excellent Mathematician, Linguist, and Traveller, of the same House, as famous for his discourse of Pyramids, as the Kings of Egypt thought to make themselves by building them (Brother to the reverend Dr. Graves, a very sober person, a general Scholar, and an exact Linguist, sometimes Scholar of the Charter●house, and Fellow of Corpus Christi College in Oxford, and now Prebend of Peterburgh:) whom I will wrap up in the same character, wherein I find another very learned Linguist and Critic, a Out of whose Papers it is thought many learned discourses h●ve been compiled, excellent for Latin, Gre●ian, and Eastern learning. Mr. H. jacob of Merton College, express his great friend Mr. H. Brigges in. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Thus Translated by Mr. H. Briched of All-Souls. Circuitor terrae, stellisque Coambulo; cujus, Ad sphaeram Cerebri movit uterque Polus Vixisti mathesin, quadrants ad pectora voces, Normatus factis sidereusque ●ide, Nec moritur studium, vel in ipsa morte, sepultus Commetire solum corpore, ment polum. 15. Master Francis Newman, Fellow of All-Souls, a Person of great parts, and a good carriage, who coming by Whitehall when the King was put to death, he laid the horrid fact so to heart, that coming home to Master Heywoids house at Westminster, whose Sister he had married, he fell into such an agony, that going up immediately into his Chamber, he told his friends about him (though he was then as well as ever he was in his life) that he should never stir out of that Chamber alive, as his heart breaking under the great weight of his grief for the horror of the act its self and his thoughts, (for he was a foreseeing man of the sadness of the consequence of it) he did not, dying 1649. All hopeful persons that had the happiness to know what was excellent, and best abilities to attain it, lighting each others Torch, and warming one another as embers by converse. Of whom one of their acquaintance leaves this Memorial to Posterity. Si nostri memor Gens posterorum haud ulla magis virtute gloriaque censeri volo quam quod altum Masterum; suavissime strenuum Diggesium mellifluum Waringum cui communium locorum methodus & Index rerum pariter & verbo- rum optima, ubique eruditum Stotevill, Chidmea, Mede, a Another Mr. Powel of Christ Church. a 〈◊〉 Orator, who presented his present Majesty and th● Duke of York, at the Convocation, 1643. Powellos, utrosque fratres: stupendum Gregorium, modestum Spark, b Of Merton, who when undergraduate was Master of all that learning that is crowded in Archaelogia Attica, whereof he was A●ther. Rouse, Bogan, Wats, Taylerum, Acutissimum Sugge, magnificum Meredith maximum Turnerum, Gravium, Newman, Sanderum prudentissime Doctum; saeculi sui & gloriam, & pudorem amore pro secutus sum sumo; (in illustri Oxon. Ingeniorum Olim minimus) amore sancto nulla quem sequens dies expunget aevo, dum decus suum Piis constabit & literis honos aetas virtutum ferox! Aurei propago secli! Orta coelo pectora! O dulce mentium contubernium! Illi enim non erant fluxa quos tuentibus figura monstrat, quosque contrectat manus: erant illi animarum Igneus vigour Quae quasi separatae corporise contagione nil traxere O quibus nomen obtigit Livore majus & senecta temporum, exorsque Lethi O cultos mihi & semper colendos antiqua fide sublime Coelo laetus efferam caput si me benignus Eruditorum Chorus Consentiensque post-humae gentis favour tali coronae accensere ultimum velit. H.G.D.H.A. THE Life and Death Of the Right Honourable, HENRY SPENCER, Earl of Sunderland, THis Noble Person, whose Ancestor when created Baron of Wormeleighton in Warwickshire primo jacobi, as he said, for the report of his being the greatest Moneyed man in England, was the fifth Knight of his Family, in an immediate succession descended from the Spencers Earls of Gloucester and Winchester, was himself, when made Earl for his great merit, in Court and Camp, 19 Car. 1. 1643. the thirty ninth Gentleman bearing arms successively in his house, being allied as it appeared then to all the Nobility that time at Court, but Duke Hamilton. A taunt a Boy gave him when a Child, proved a sober Precept to him when a Man; and the bare being upbraided that he would be a wicked and an useless Nobleman, obliged him ever after to approve himself otherwise: When Monicaes St. Augustine's Mother's Companion called her Toss-pot in her anger, it gave her occasion to be sober and temperate all her life. Bitter Jeers sometimes makes wholesome Physic, when God sanctifieth malice to do the office of good will. Mr. Perkins having taken so much liberty in his younger years, as cost him many a sigh in his reduced age, heard a Tutor in the next Chamber to him chiding a Pupil thus, What, will you be such a Bake-hell as Perkins? and immediately upon it was reclaimed, and the Quicksilver of his extravagant studies and courses, fixed to a very great improvement. Three days were very lucky to him, May 6. july 11. and September 19 and two unlucky, Sept. 20. and jan. 6. Great men have their great days, it was the a And the very same day was seven time somine●s to the 〈◊〉 Carac●lia. sixth of April whereon Alexander was born, the sixth of April that he conquered Darius, the sixth of April that he won a battle at Sea, and a sixth of April that he died on. On the thirtieth of September Pompey the Great was born, on the thirtieth of September he triumphed for his Asian Conquest, and on the thirtieth of September he died on. On the nineteenth of August Augustus was adopted, on the nineteenth of August he began his Consulship, on the nineteenth of August he Conquered the triumvirs, and on the nineteenth of August he died. The sixth of january was five times auspicious to Charles Duke of Anjou; the 24. of February four times happy to Charles the Fifth, as the twelfth of May was to Charles the Eighth; and to say no more, the third of September hath been observable to England 1650. at Dunbar, 1651. at Worcester, 1658. at Whitehall, and 1666. at London. He had a Tutor crooked with age, that streightened the manners of his youth, arming him against those Customs (that are not knocked but served into the soul) inuring him to good discourse and company; habituating him to temperance and good order, whence he had the advantage of others, not only in health, but in time and business: and diverting him with safe, cheap, but manly and generous Recreations. The result of which Education, was a knowing and a stayed nature that made him a Lamb, when pleased; a Lion, when angry; daring in the highest tumults, 1640. and 1641. to give the best Counsel, and to oppose the worst; advising those that complained that his Majesty was gone away, to lure him home by their loving behaviour, and not do as those troublesome women, who by their hideous out-cries drive their wand'ring Husbands further off. And when the House of Lords became the House of Commons, by vile compliances with tumults; when the Lords to climb up to the people's favour, trampled on one another, the rabble bringing tales, and they belief, he, though secure in his person, yet not safe in his relation and allegiance at Westminster, follows his Sovereign's fortunes, as his Predecessors had done his Ancestors; it was the first Lord Spencer of Wormeleighton that in Parliament to another Lord, who told him (as they were discoursing of their Ancestors service to the Crown) That at that time his Forefathers were keeping a The best Sheep in 〈◊〉 are in Warwickshire and the best there are in Wor●l igh●on, the Seat of this Lord. sheep; returned, That if they than kept sheep, yours were then plotting of Treason: He pitied not, but reproved them that bemoaned his Majesty's distance, and whereas they expected to be comm●nded for their patience under so great a punishment, he condemned them for deserving it, often urging that of Seneca, Epist. 80. Nihil rex male parentibus majus minaripotest, quam ut abeat de regno. The last words he spoke in the Parliament House at Westminster were these; We had been satisfied long ere this, if we did not ask things that deny themselves, and some men had not shuffled Demands into our Propositions, on purpose that we may have no satisfaction: He brought 15000 l. and 1200 men to his Majesty's relief, and the Earl of Northampton, his Country man's assistance; adding to his Estate and Friends, his Counsel and personal service, wherein in dispute about a rising ground in the first Newberry fight, not far from his Majesty, he fell. First, a good Patriot upon all other occasions (as one of them at W●stminster observed) promoting the Trade, Manufactures, and Privileges of this Country, and now standing by his Majesty, as he evidently saw him stand for his Kingdom, saying (by a foresight and Prospect he had of things suitable to the eminence of his place) that one seven years (Truth is the Daughter of Time) would show that the King was the true Commonwealths-man. Secondly, a true Nobleman that was virtuous, because it became him, as well as because it was enjoined him: being above vice, as well as without it, looking upon it as his shame and dishonour, as well as sin and offence. Thirdly, a good Neighbour, the Country about him when he had occasion to make use of it, being his friends that loved, rather than slaves that feared him. Fourthly, a discreet Landlord, finding ways to improve his Land, rather than rack his Tenants. Fifthly, a noble Housekeeper, to whom that ingenuity that he was Master of himself, was welcome in others. Sixthly, an honest Patron, seldom furnishing a Church with an Incumbent, till he had consulted the College he had been of, and the Bishop he lived under. Seventhly, an exemplary Master of a Family, observing exactly the excellent Rules he so strictly enjoined, consecrating his house to a Temple, where he ordered his followers to wrestle with God in Prayer, while he wrestled with the Enemy in fight; whence those holy thoughts that went as harbingers of his soul to heaven, whereof he had a glimpse before he died, through the chinks of a wounded body, when those noble persons, Sept. 20. 1643. closed his eyes, that through weeping had hardly any left themselves; leaving behind him a noble Lord, of whom Dr. Pierce that had the tuition of him, gave this Character, That his choice endowments of nature, having been happily seasoned and crowned with grace, gave him at once such a willingness and aptness to be taught, as reconciled his greatest pains with ease and pleasure; and made the Education of his dear Lord not so much his employment, as his Recreation and Reward. And a noble Lady not to be mentioned without the highest honour in this Catalogue of Sufferers, to so many of whom her House was a Sanctuary, her Interest a Protection, her Estate a Maintenance, and the Livings in her gift a Preferment; among whom the foresaid excellent person acknowledged to her all the visible contentment of his suffering years, a good portion, and a At Bring●on in Northhamptonshire a good people, which he enjoyed by her favour, and kept by her interest and power. Bene est, ab unde est, nunc sat est etiam & perduellionibus totus in uno cadit exercitus Hero. Compendia fati! Sunderlandius, Caernarvon, Falklandius, quos nec tota plebs redimat gloriae triumviros ipso casu triumphantes quod sic moriendo, mori nesciant dum sit hominibus virtus aut virtuti historia quae sit temporum testis & hominum. THE Life and Death Of the Right Honourable ROBERT PIEREPOINT, Earl of Kingston. HIS Ancestors came in with the a When they were ●etled in Hurst ●errepoint in Sussex. Conqueror, to settle the Monarchy of this kingdom, and he went out of the world maintaining it with his Interest; which was so great, that the Faction pretended his Concurrence with them, a passage which puts me in mind of the great power of his Predecessors, one of whom in Edward the first King's time, hath this Memorandum of Record. Memorandum, THat Henry de Pierepoint, on Monday, the day after the Octaves of St. Michael, came into the Chancery at Lincoln, and said publicly, that he had lost his Seal, and protested, that if any Instrument were found Sealed with that Seal, after that time, the same should be of no value or effect. Indeed it was his great Services when Sheriff 13. jacobi, and greater when Justice of Peace, (and King james in a Speech in Star-Chamber, valueth a Justice of Peace as much as one of his Privy-Councel, as it is as much to see Laws and Order kept, as to make them; and to keep the peace in each part of the kingdom, as to advice about the peace of the whole) composing differences by his skill in Law, suppressing disorders by his great reputation, and promoting the good of his Country, by his large prudence, and deep insight into things; that as he was honoured with King Charles the first his Writ, to be Baron in Parliament (a favour his Ancestor Robert de Pierepoint had in Edward the thirds time, but did not enjoy, being summoned a Baron in Parliament, and dying before he Sat therein) by the Title of Baron Pierepoint, and Viscount Newarke, and afterwards 4. Caroli primi, Earl of Kingston, for his moderate opinions between the extremes then prevailing in Parliaments, which he was able to accommodate, as to State Affairs, as an experienced man; and as to Church Affairs, as a Christian, and a great Scholar. Whence he would commend a general learning to young Noblemen, upon this ground, because the great variety of Debates that came before them, wherein the unlearned Gentry, either rashly offer dangerous proposals to impose on others, o● sloathfully rest in a tame yea and nay, being easily imposed on by others. The effect whereof we found both in his and his hopeful Son, the now Illustrious Marquis of Dorchesters' learned and rational Defences of the Spiritual Function, and Temporal Honours, and Employments of Bishops, 1641/2. which though they could not convert any of the obstinate Anti-episcopal men (not a speech to satisfy their reason, but a grant to gratify their interest must effect that) yet confirmed they the wavering Episcopal party. When it came to pass in the Civil Wars of England, as it had done in those of Rome, that the Seditious (Brutus and Cassius) were followed by the lower sort of the people, Ex subditis Romanorum (saith Dion) while Caesar's Army consisted, Ex Romanis nobilibus & sortibus. This honourable Person, and his Eldest Son, attended his Majesty, the Father with the Sword, and the Son with the Pen, more fatal to the Faction that the Sword; and therefore the first men excepted out of Pardon, were such excellent Penmen, as the Lords Viscount Newark and Faulkland. Sir Edward Hide, Sir Edward Nicholas, and Mr. Endintion Porter, the quickness of whose honourable Declarations and Replies amazed the Conspiracy, as the smartness of them betrayed and defeated it; their writings being like truth, naturally clear; and the Rebels like error, forced and obscure. He brought to his Majesty 4000 men, of whose number 2000 were able and willing to serve him with their Persons, and the r●st with their Arms, and Money, to the value of 24000 l. and having the care of the Country, with his near Relation the Duke of Newcastle, he vigorously opposed the legitimate Commission of Array, to the byblow of the Militia, till he was surprised at Gainsborough by the Lord Willoughby of Parrham, and being looked upon as a person of great concernment to the King's affairs (the Country calling him usually the good Earl of Kingston) sent towards Hull in a Pinnace, which Sir Charles Cavendish, who knew well the value of that noble person, as well as the enemy, pursued, demanding the Earl, and when refused, shooting at the Pinnace with a Drake, that unfortunately killed him and his servant, placed a mark to his friends shot, who when they took the Vessel, put all the Company to the Sword, a just, though not a valuable sacrifice to so noble a Ghost; which King Charles the I. would have ransomed at as high a rate, as his Ancestor Robert Peirepoint was redeemed in Edward the III. time, who cost that King, when taken at Lewis, 700 mark, the Ransom (as money went in those days) of a Prince, rather than a Subject. Robertus Baro Peirepoint, & Comes Kinstoniae quem amici servando occiderunt: ab ubinon mors? Si caecus amor ipso infestius odio, s●miae more affectu necat, & amplexibus strangubat. THE Life and Death OF Dr. THOMAS MORTON, Bishop of Duresm. HE was of the same original and stock with that Eminent Prelate, and wise Statesman, john Morton, Lo●d Chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury (by whose contrivance and management the Houses of York and Lancaster a For be it was that managed Henry the sevenths' escape, and marriage with Elizabeth, daughter to Edward th● fourth. were united) as appeareth by his Coat-Armor, and b R. Motton of Dorsetshire, descended from one of the Executors of the aforersaid Cardinal, exquiring this Bishop out upon the Princing of his first Book, and claiming kindred with him, though he was so modest as not to look upon his Pedigree, when once presented, though fairly rewarding the man that brought it. Pedigree. He was born in the ancient and famous City of York, March 20. 1564. his Parents were of good repute. Mr. Richard Morton, a well known Mercer, and Mrs. Elizabeth Leedale (by whom the Valvasours and Langdales acknowledge themselves to be of his Kindred,) by whose care he was brought up in Piety and Learning; first at York, under Mr. Pullen, and afterwards at c Where Guy Faux 〈◊〉 his School-fellow. Hallifax, under Mr. Maud (of whom he always spoke with great reverence, as a grave Man, and a good Scholar) and from thence, 1582. went to the University of Cambridge, at the eighteenth year of his age, and there was admitted into St. john's College, under Dr. Whitacre, wherein were so many eminent Scholars at that time, as he was wont to say, It seemed to be a whole University of its self. His Tutor was Mr. Anthony Higgon, afterwards Dean of Rippon, who lest him to the care of Mr. Hen. Nelson, Rector of Hougham in Lincolnshire, who lived to see his Pupil pass through all the other Dignities he had in the Church, till he came to be Bishop of Duresm, and a good many years after. Being chosen Scholar of Constable's Foundation, 1584. In the year 1590. he took his Degree of Master of Arts, having performed all his Exercises with great approbation and applause. Afterwards he continued his Studies in the College at his Father's charge for above two years. March 17. 1592. he was admitted d Into Dr. Ke●sons Foundation. Fellow, merely for his worth, against eight Competitors for the place; which he was wont to recount with greater contentment to himself, than his advancement to any Dignity he ever enjoyed in the Church. About the same time he was chosen Logic Lecturer for the University, which place he discharged with much art and diligence, as appears by his Lectures found among his Papers fairly written. In the same year he was admitted to the Order of Deacon, and the next after, of Priesthood. Having received his Commission from God and the Church, he was very ready to assist others in the way of charity; but not too forward to take upon him the particular care of souls. And accordingly we find him for the space of five years after this, continuing in the College, prosecuting his own private Study, and reading to such Scholars as were committed to his Care and Tuition. Anno 1598. He took his Degree of Bachelor of Divinity, and about the same year, being Presented, Instituted, and Inducted to the Rectory of Long-Marston, four miles distant from his native City of York, he betook himself wholly to the cure of Souls there committed to him, which he discharged with great care and diligence; and yet he did not intermit his higher studies, the general good of the Church, while he attended it. To that end he had always kept some person to be his Assistant, whom he knew to a Generally his own Pupils, as Mr. Jo. Pierce, Prebendary of Leichfield, and Mr. Level of Durham. be pious and learned. And this assistance was more necessary, because his great parts and worth would not suffer him to enjoy his privacy in a Country cure. For first, he was made choice of by the Earl of Huntingdon, than Lord Precedent of the North, to be his Chaplain, for his dexterity and acuteness, in disputing with the Romish Recusants; for it was Queen Elizabeth's express command to that Lord, to convince them by arguments rather than suppress them by force; and this She expressed (as his Lordship was wont to say) in the words of the Prophet, Nolo mortem peccatoris. But the Earl dying presently after, he returned to his privacy at Marston, where he continued not long, before the Lord Sheffield (who succeeded as Lord Precedent) commanded him to hold a public Conference before his Lordship, and the Council, at the Manor-house in York, with two b Master Young a Priest, and Mr. Stillington a Layman. Romish Recusants, than Prisoners in the Castle; which he performed with great satisfaction to the Auditory, among whom were many of the chief Gentry and Clergy of Yorkshire. Anno 1602. Began the great Plague at York, at which time he carried himself with much Heroical Charity. For the Poor being removed to the Pest-house, he made it his frequent use to visit them with food, both for their Bodies and Souls. His chief Errand was to comfort them, pray for them, and with them; and to make his coming more acceptable, he carried with him a Sack of Proviston usually for them that wanted it. And because he would not have any body to run any hazard thereby but himself, he seldom suffered any of his Servants to come near him, but saddled and unsaddled his own Horse, and had a private door made on purpose into his House and Chamber. In the year following, he with Dr. Cracanthorp, attended the Queen's Ambassador, the Lord Ewer, into Germany and Denmark, being desirous to improve himself by seeing foreign Kingdoms, Churches, and Universities. In this Voyage he improved his time so well, partly in furnishing his Library with Books at Frankfort and elsewhere, but chiefly in his conversation with g Particularly Father Mulhufinus, who gave him a book of his own with this Inscription, Prodomino Mortono Nich. Serarius Rector of the College at Men●z, wh● mentioneth him civilly in a book he writ against Joseph Scaliger Becanus, the two last desiring his prayers at parting, ex animo, though their Church thought him an heretic, though Becanus galled by Arguments, slighted his Devotions. Learned men, and his foreign Observations, that he always highly valued that opportunity. At his return he was solicited by Roger Earl of Rutland to be his Domestical Chaplain; which proffer he was more willing to accept for the privacy he hoped to enjoy in a place where he was not known, for making use of the Treasure of Books he had got in his Travels, and rather, because he was brought so much nearer London than before, whither he must have many occasions to go, for the putting forth of such Books as he had a design to write. For it was not long after that he printed his first part of Apologia Catholica. About which time the Archbishop of York, Toby Matthews (that most exquisite Preacher) conferred upon him a Prebend in that Metropolitical Church. Anno. 1606. He took the Degree of Doctor in Divinity, with the great approbation of both Professors in Divinity, Dr. john Overall that profound Scholar, and Dr. Thomas Playford that acute Disputant and accurate Preacher, who were both of them very competent Judges of men's abilities. And about the same time he was sworn Chaplain in Ordinary to King james, and by him made Dean of Gloucester, and assumed by the Lord Precedent of Wales for one of his Majesty's Council for the Marches. In his first journey to Gloucester, he went by Oxford at the Act-time, where he was incorporated and admitted to the same Degree that he had in Cambridge, where also he was much taken with the exercises of Mr. Daniel Featly then a proceeder, and carried great Friendship to him ever after. At which time he fell into acquaintance with that famous Dr. john h As he did with Dr. Reynolds of Christ-Church College, and Dr. Airey of Queens. King then Dean of Christ-Church, afterwards Bishop of London, which afterwards grew so intimate, that the Bishop made choice of him to perform the last offices to him both at his Death and Burial. Anno. 1609. He succeeded Dr. George Abbot in the Deanery i Where he g●ew intimately acquainted with Doctor Lake, than Master of St. Crosses, Dr. Hanmer Warden of Winchester, and Sibrandus Lubbertus Professor at Franeker in West-Friezland, who dedicated to him his 〈◊〉 against the 99 Errors of Vorstius. of Winchester. Then Bishop Bilson conferred on him, the Rectory of Alesford; in the next year a Parliament being held, he preached the Sermon to the Convocation upon Matth. 5. 13. Vos estis sat terra, with general applause, and should have been Prolocutor, but in modesty declined it, and preferring a Friend of his to it. In his abode at London he took his Lodging at Dean Overals, who gave him the opportunity of a very early acquaintance with the Learned Isaac Casaubon, then newly come out of France, and entertained by the Dean. The love thus begun was never intermitted in their lives, nor obliterated by death, as appeareth by casaubon's k The Inscription written by Dr. Tho. Goad Rector of Hadley in Suffolk. Monument in Westminster-Abby set up at the Charge of Morton. About the same time he had acquaintance with several eminent foreign Scholars and Divines; as namely, Scultetus Chaplain to the Elector Palatine l Diodati was 〈◊〉 at Geneva, and Du Moulin Preacher at Chare●town, by an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of those that bindred, and those that to serve their Friends, promoted him; to use his own words, from a Pleasant Dale to a Bleak hole. Diodati, Du Moulin, whose worth is very well known by their Learned works in Print. While he continued in Winchester, a certain great Person passionately told the King, that Dr. Morton had spoiled one of the best Deaneries in England. It concerned the Dean to vindicate his go●● name from that foul and unjust aspersion; And therefore acquainted his Brethren of the Chapter with it, they were very forward to give a Testimonial under their Hands and Seals, That he had been one of the best Deans that ever had been at Winchester in their times, and some of them were very ancient. Anno. 1616. july 7. He was m So really did ●e noll. Episcopari● That though el●●ed 1615. he was not Consecrated till 1616. at Lambeth, very solemnly by reason of the Marquis of Huntley's Absolution performed there at the same time before three Archbishops, twelve Bishops English and Scots, thirty Noblemen, eighty Gentlemen of great Quality; Prince Radzivills Son, and another Nobleman of Poland receiving the Sacrament of the Lords Supper at the same time. Consecrated Bishop of Ch●ster: while necessaries were prepared for his journey thither, he retired himself to Clay Hall in Essex, upon the earnest invitation of his Noble Friend Sir Christopher Hatton, and there fell sick of a dangerous Fever, but being happily recovered, presently put himself upon his journey towards his great Work, and was met on the borders of his Diocese, and brought into the City of Chester by such a great number of Knights, and other the best Gentlemen of the Country, besides the Clergy, as may give a lasting testimony to their honour, as well as his, in showing such a Religious respect to their Bishop. When he was settled (in his Bishopric and Rectory of Stopford, which he had to keep Hospitality in that Hospitable County) he found all the inconveniencies which he foresaw, and some also which he could not foresee at so great a distance; for beside the great number of Romish Recusants, which hath always been observed in this Diocese, he found another sort of Recusants (better known by the name of Non-Conformists) who though they were not so many in number as the other, yet had so much perverseness and obstinacy with them, as made them equal, or rather superior in relation to the trouble he had with them. To reduce these n Vs●ng a fatherly mildness, together with strength of argument, as appears by the Conference he had with the Non-conformists, since Published and called, The Defence of three Innocent Ceremonies. Recusants to their obedience to the Church, God blessed him with great success, to the great o As appears by the gracious testimony given him in his Majesty's Declaratioon 1618. in these words, There is now no little amendment in those Counties (meaning Cheshire and Lancashire) which is no small content to us. The Declaration I mean, is that about Sports on the Lordsday, which he made some opposition to a while, and when he was overruled, he drew upon K. James his ●rd●r and with Bishop Andrews his advice, the six limitation, to the Liberty granted in that Declaration, which was the best way to bring the people of that Country to Conformity. content of his Majesty. Anno 1618. March 6. At the motion of that great Pattern of Episcopal perfection, Dr. Andrews, than Bishop of Eli (who was never known to do the like for any other, and yet did this without his seeking or knowledge, that he might have him his nearer Neighbour, as he said, of the same Province with himself,) he was translated to the See of Coventry and Litchfield, (void by the Translation of his old friend) Bishop Overal to Norwich. And here his trouble was not so great as at Chester, though his Diocese was larger; because the common sort of people were better principled by the care and vigilance of his Predecessor. But yet he abated nothing of his former pains and industry, both in Writing, Preaching, and p Particularly with Spalleto his friend, whom he dissuaded by Writing and Conference from his return to Rome, telling him the entertainment he found there. Leich, tibi in animo convertere Papam. Spal. an Diabolus est qui non possit converti Lich. nec tu Deus qui convertas nostri concilium tridentinum Spal. novi nec credunt. Conferring with them that were not wilfully obstinate in his Diocese, besides Visitations and exact Confirmations. Among the works of Charity performed by this Bishop while he was at that See, memorable is the Education he bestowed upon one George Canner, (who like another Didimus of Alexandria, or Fisher of Westminster, was born blind●) This youth he brought up first at School, and afterwards sent him to Cambridge, where he maintained him, and his Uncle, to look to him at St. john's College. After he had the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, he sent for him to his own Family, and instructed him in the whole body of Divinity, and then admitted him into Sacred Orders, placed him in a Cure in Stafford-shire, which Cure the blind man discharged diligently and laudably, being a very good Preacher, and being able also to perform the whole office of the Church as it is appointed in the Book of Common-Prayer, only by the strength of his admirable Memory. Anno q Before this time he discovered a Boy of Bilson suborned to act the Daemoniack by those that would have had the honour to dispossess him, with much pains, wisdom, and patience, to the saving of a Woman's life, that the Boy accused for bewitching him, for whose sake he prevailed with the judges at one Assize to have the oversight of the Boy at his House Eccleshall Castle till the next. 1632. He was translated to the See of Duresm (void by the death of Bishop Howson) a place of great Trust and Honour, as well as of greater Emolument. For, besides the Spiritual and Ecclesiastical Affairs (as before) he had now the care and management of all the Temporal Affairs within the County Palatine of Duresm, by virtue of the Palatinate annexed for many hundred years to the Episcopal See, in so much that it passed a Maxim there: r Having power to dispose of all judges, Registers, Clerks, to make Sheriffs, Escheters, ●cudarics, Coro●ers, justices of Peace, Deputy Lieutenants, Colonels, etc. Quicquid potest Rex extra Episcopatum, potest Episcopus intra. And in the same he carried himself with so much justice and Equity for ten years together, before these late Troubles put a disturbance in the exercise of his Government, that no complaint was made against him to the Parliament, except only the case of Mr. s 〈◊〉 sued him for sa●e Imprisonment ungratefully, and to no purpose, who was known moderate in his whole Government. 1. In his Fines, leaving it to four Gentlemen of the Neighbourhood, to make a moderate composition between him and the Tenant. 2. In Wrecks, Deodands, and Wardships, so tender, that he took only such an inconsiderable sum as preserved the Right of his Successors, rather than increased his Revenue. Smart, which yet had no relation to the County Pala●ine, neither could the Charge be made good against him, who was but one of the High-Commission. How great his fatherly care was for the Spiritual care of the Bishopric, will appear by his pious endeavours in settling Augmentations upon the smaller Benefices; he had given a good example long before, while he was Bishop of Lichfield, in abating a good part of his Fine to increase the portion of the Vicar of Pichley in Northamptonshire, as you may see in Mr. Stephen's his Preface to Sir Henry spelman's Book: and now in a Work of so much importance, he applied himself for Counsel to three of the most Learned in the Laws, Lord Keeper Coventry, Mr. Noy, Sir Henry Martin, who all concurred, that the Bishop's Authority over Churches appropriate, was neither taken away, nor any way infringed, but that he may now appoint a competent Augmentation: having thus fully informed h●mself of his just power in a matter of so high Concernment, for the advancement of Christian Religion, and the good of Souls, he resolved to put it in practice as far as God should enable him, and trust God with the event. He began at home with the Parish of Bishopaukland. Here he augmented the stipend of the Mother-Church, from 16 l. per annum, to fourscore; and the Chapels belonging, from six pounds per annum, to thirty; intending to extend the like Episcopal care in some proportion over all the rest of his Diocese: but so Pious, Heroical a Work, became Abortive by the Scotch Invasion, etc. We are now come to the precipice of this Reverend Bishops outward splendour, though neither his glory nor happiness incurred the least diminution by his future sufferings. For he was never more happy in his own thoughts, nor more glorious in the eyes of all good men, then in being exercised in those troubles, whereof the continual series of public Affairs afforded him a perpetual opportunity from this time, till his death. In one of the Tumults after the beginning of the Long-Parliament, this Reverend Bishop was in hazard of his life by the multitude that were beckoned thither by the Contrivers of our late Miseries; whereof some cried, Pull him out of his Coach others; nay, he is a good man; others, but for all that, he is a Bishop. And he hath often said, he believed he should not have escaped alive, if a Leading-man among the Rabble had not cried out, Let him go and hang himself. Upon this and the like Violations of the Liberty and Freedom, essential to all the Members of Parliament, when the twelve ●ishops (whereof this was one) Remonstrated the just Fears they were in, and protested their dissent from all Laws which should be enacted till they might attend the service of the House with Freedom and Safety, as any one Peer unjustly detained ●rom Sitting, may; they were all Charged with t Though they were never brought to axy●● ryal, only their absence made use of to Vote them out of the Parliament, and to S●quester their Estates real and personal. High-Treason by the House of Commons, and Committed to Prison with the Bishop of Coventry and Leichfield, at the Usher of the Black-rods house, when the other ten went to the Tower. Our Bishop being after four months) discharged from this his first Imprisonment, returned to his Lodgings in Duresm-house, and there attended his Devotions and Studies, till such time as his adversaries thought fit to give him another occasion to exercise his patience under a second Captivity, upon occasion of v This was the pretended occasion, but the more real was his refusing to give up to the House of Commons, the Seat of the Bishopric of Durham, appealing in that Case to the Lords-house. 1. Because it was his own Seat, and not the Bishoprics. 2. Because of the several Patents and Estates that depended upon it. 3. And because of the person that entrusted him with it. Baptising a Child of the Earl of Rutland's, according to the Orders of the Church; and in custody he remained six months before he could obtain his enlargement. After this he stayed in w Here insert we a slander cast upon this Reverend Prelate, in a Book called, The Nature of Catholic Faith and Heresy; that in a Speech against a Book brought in against the succession of Protestant Bishops by some Presbyterian Lords, he should say, The Protestant Bishops were Consecrated at the Naggs-head in Cheapside: The untruth of which story, both of the Book and of the Speech, is not only by a Protestation, under the Hand of the Bishop before a public Notary, in the ninty fifth year of his age, July 17. 1657. declared against, ●ut under the hands of seven, that is all the Bishops, and fifteen of the Temporal Lords then Sitting in the Parliamen, 1640. together with the Clerks of Parliament, then being attested July 19 1658. which Protestation and chief Att●stations, are entered into the Archbishops of Canterburys Register Office, as a lasting Testimony of the truth therein asserted. Duresm-house till he was thrown out chence by the Soldiers that came to Garrison it, a little before that horrid Fact was committed upon the Person of our late Gracious King; and after that, being importuned by his honourable friend, the Earl, and Countess of Rutland, he became part of their care and family at Exceter-house for some short time; but being loath to live at the charge of others, while he was able to subsist of himself, and thinking the air of the Country might better suit with his declining years, he betook himself to sojourn, first with Captain Saunders in Hartfordshire, and after with Mr. Thomas Rotheram in Bedfordshire, till by the great civility, and earnest importunity of that noble young Baronet, Sir Henry Yeluerton, he went with him to his house at East-Manduit in Northamptonshire, where he found all the tender respect and care from the whole family, which a Father could expect from his Children, till after a few months he rendered up his happy soul, into the hands of his heavenly Father. When the House of Commons had Voted for the Dissolving of Bishoprics, some prevailed for a Vote of Yearly Allowance to present Bishops during their lives. Our Bishop had 800 l. a greater sun● than any other, per annum, Voted to him; but while he was able to subsist without it, he never troubled himself in seeking after it: but being pressed by necessities, having procured a Copy of the Vote, found it to contain that such a sum should be paid, but no mention, either by whom or whence. And by that time that he could procure the Explanation of the Orders, not to make the Pension payable out of the Revenues of his own Bishopric, all the Lands and Revenues of it were sold, or divided among themselves; only by the importunity of his friends, he obtained an Order to have 1000 l. out of their Treasury at Coldsmith-hall, with the which he paid his debts, and purchased to himself an Annuity of w Of the 〈◊〉 Savile in the minority of her Son Sir George, who when he came to years, confirmed and paid it punctually at the tim● and place appointed, offering the payment of the quarter current at his death, if there had n●t been enough left to defray the charge of his burial. 200 l. per annum, during his life, upon which he subsided ever since. No considerable Legacies could be expected in the Will of a person deceased, who made his own hands his Executors while he lived; like his great Kinsman Archbishop Morton in Antiq. 〈◊〉 who chose rather to enrich his Kindred in his life time, than at his death. Our Bishop had so much left him at his death, that he gave 40 l. to one of his servants who then attended him (having provided formerly for others) he left 10 l. to the poor of the Parish, and his Chalice, with a Patin double gilt, to the Noble Baronet, in whose Family he died, for the use of his Chapel; the rest (deducting some small remembrances) he ordered for his burial, which was also sufficient for a Monument, though far below his worth, yet suitable to his great modesty. The chief Legacy of his Will must not be omitted, the testimony he gave, by a kind of Encyclical Epistle to the Catholic Faith he died in, for the common goód of souls in the Church of England, particularly in his own Diocese, it may be seen in the Funeral Sermon, where he concludeth thus; My earnest exhortation to them is, that they would still continue their former love (notwithstanding all temptations to the contrary) both to x Ow●ing the 3. ancient Creeds, the 4. 〈◊〉 general Councils, with the Scripture, within 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 general Council. the Doctrine, y Episcopacy he believed was instituted by the Apostles, and approved by Christ in the Revelations, as he did the succession of the English Bishops; wishing the differences between us and Rome●wled ●wled, by the practice the first 500 years of Christianity: Priority of Order being all that the Fathers allowed the Bishop of Rome. He thought there might be Ordinations without Bishops where they might not be had, not where they might. He said that wherever there is a Church, there must of necessity be a Form of Worship, and ours w●● he thought the best for decency, and for Edification and Devotion: This was annexed in a Codicil to his Will, April, 15. 1658. Discipline, and Government, and Form of Worship, in this poor afflicted Church; which, if I did not believe to be the securest way for the salvation of sou●s, I had not ventured my own upon the same bottom. His high esteem of the Sacred Liturgy of the Church of England attended him, he ordering it, which he called the best Funeral Sermon, at his Burial (as I may say) to his Grave. Great Fervour and Devotion he showed in the Church-prayers; yea, so great, that he seldom answered with a single Amen. At Prayers he never kneeled upon a Cushion, and always prayed upon his Knees, till he was confined to his Deathbed, and even would never lie with his Cap on his Head, if either he prayed himself, or others prayed by him, while he had strength to pull it off with his own hands. Great Consolation he took in the Church-preparations for his Long Home, viz. in profession of his Faith, and Charity, and Repentance, in receiving the benefit of Absolution, and the Viatioum of the holy Eucharist. His rule for diet was, that we should observe none at all. He lived a great number of years, and very few husbanded their time better, for he was never idle with his good will. He was often at his Devotion and Study before four of the clock, even after he had lived above fourscore years; and yet very seldom went to Bed till after ten; and then had always a Servant to read some book to him, till such time as sleep did surprise him. And so had he always, when he traveled in his Coach, that his Journey might not be too great a hindrance to his Study. He used to lie on a Straw-bed, till he was above fourscore, and the Cramp hindered him. He led his life in a holy and chaste Celibate, dying of an Hernia or Rupture. The issue of his brain was numerons (besides z M. S. 1. Tractatus de externo Judice Infallibili. 2. De Justificatione: Grand Imposture, Latin. 3. Arminian Controversy. 4. Another Edition of Apologia Catholica. 5. Answer to J. S. Anti-mortonus. 6. Of prayer in an unknown Tengue. 7. Of Paedo-baptism against Tombs, which Bishop Brownrigg advised him not to publish, because the controversy was gone too far. 8. The Conference at York. 9 Confutation of R. G. M.SS.) above twenty a 1. Apologia Cath. p. 1, 2, 1605, 1606. Quarto. 2. Romish Positions and Practices about Conspiracies and Rebellions, 1605. Quarto. 3. With an Answer to the Reply to it, Quarto. 4. The Preamble to an Encounter, and the Encounter itself with Mr. Parsons, about his Treatise of Mitigation, 1608, 1609. Quarto, whereupon they say Mr. Parsons repented attributing aequivocation to our Saviour. 5. Catholic Appeal for Protestants, against Brerlyes' Apology, whose Testimonies Mr. James examined, 1609. Fol. never answered. 6. An Answer to the exception of Theophilus higgon's, 1601. Quarto. 7. A Defence of the 3. Innocent Ceremonies, 1619. Quarto, defended against Dr. Ames, by Dr. John Bruges, 1631. 8. Causa Regia against Bellarmine, De Officio Principis Christiani 1620. Quarto. 9 The grand Imposture of the new Church of Rome, 1628. Quarto. 10. Of the Institution of the Sacrament, Folio. English two Editions, 1635. Latin, 1640. 11. With a Discharge of five Imputations of Mis-allegations, 1633. Octavo. 12. Antidotum adversus Ecclesiae R. de merito condigno venenum, 1637. Quarto. 13. Replica sive refutatio confutationis C. R. 1638. Quarto. 14. Three Sermons, 1. Of Subjection, at Newcastle, on Rom. 13. 1. 1639. 2. Of Resurrection, 1641. at spital. 3. Of Contentions, on 1 Cor. 11. 16. at St. Paul's, 1642. 15. Confessions and Proofs of Protestant Divines, 1644. Quarto, about Episcopacy. 16. Of God's Providence, called ezekiel's Wheel, 1653. several Volumes in Print. Legenda Scripsit Scribenda fecit. To add somewhat of his Character. 1. His Patience. In the greatest trial of his temper that he had; the News of the Vote, That the Revenues of the Church were to be sold, he only said: The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; Blessed be the Name of the Lord; which he repeated three times over to the Company that he was in, and presently retired himself to his prayers. 2. His Hospitality. He entertained the King and his Court, and (at least) the chief Officers of his Army all at one time in the first Expedition toward Scotland, which (in that place of great cheapness) cost him 1500 l. in one day. There seldom came any Scholar to him, Foreign or English, whom he did not liberally entertain and dismiss with a considerable sum of money. 3. His Beneficence. He built a Free-school at Bishops-Aukland, and endowed it with 24 l. per annum, which is more than he ever b Where of one Lo of a good memory was one, against whose Nonconformity be writ a large L●tter to the College. purchased to himself, for that was just nothing; besides that, he maintained several at his own charge in the College. He gave many excellent Books to the College where he had his Education, to the value of 4. or 500 l. with an intention at last to bestow 100 l. per annum, during his life (had not the times disabled him) to buy Books of special worth, and not for superfluity. 4. His almsgiving. While he was suffered to enjoy his Estate, he had his Badg-men and Livery at a constant Table, besides what he gave at his Gate, and upon other occasions; nay, so constant was he in this duty, even when he had so much left, as to afford Bread for his own Mouth, that he had always a certain number of poor impotent persons in a constant Pension, that came Weekly to him for their Allowance, when he was not able to go himself among them to give it; and this will be abundantly testified by the poor in all places where of late he hath lived. 5. His Devotion. He would often forgo, or at least much moderate his one Meal a day, often deny himself some part of that small pittance allowed for sleep, to rise of his Bed, and to spend in Prayer, as the Attendance in his Chamber witness. 6. His Prudence, in the moderation of his Passions, wherein all moral virtues are knit together, by which he was a pattern to his people of good works, and an unblameable life, Tit. 2. 7. 7. His Mind above the World, and its filthy lucre. 8. His Vote in Parliament, etc. according to Conscience, and not either Interest or Humour. 9 His Great Moderation in the Quin quar ticular Controversy, about which he would declare nothing. 13. His grave and sober Speech, his sweet and grave Countenance, his decent Habit, his upright and sprightful Motion, a vigorous Youth in old age. 11. His Temperance, using Wine only at Meals, unless it were for his stomach sake, and his often infirmities. 12. The Excellent Government of his Family, into which several Persons of Quality, as the Sons of the Earl of Lindsey, the Lord Fairfax (whose Son Sir Charles was his Gentleman-Usher) desired to be admitted for Education. 13. His Industry, so great, as if his labours were (as it is said of his Kinsman, Archbishop Morton) his Recreation; and his Motto Severus his (who died at York, where this Bishop was born,) Laboremus; or julius Maximinus, Quo major eo laboriosior. 14. His Acquaintance, the most grave and learned men of our own and foreign Churches, Spanhemius, Rivet, Willius, etc. 15. His Retainers and Chaplains, the most Eminent men in either University, and Bishop Brownrig was one of them, made by him archdeacon of Coventry, and Prebendary of Durham; the last of which preferments he held in Commendam, with his Bishopric, till he died. 16. His aptness to teach by every thing he did, like Socrates, whom he resembled in another particular, in that he usually confuted his Adversaries always out of something they granted. 17. His Converts, Bishop Crofts of Hereford, the Lady Cholmeley, Dr. Swinborne, Mr. Theoph. Higgens, and twelve eminent Papists more. 18. His Small Stature, actuated by a great spirit. 19 His affable virtues and parts. 20. His extraordinary, though secret mortification; all which virtues, and performances rendered him a Saint in his life, a Doctor in his works, a Confessor in his sufferings, and a Martyr in his charity, in visiting persons Sick of the Plague; who being buried in Saint Peter's E●ston-mauduit, hath this Monument. In Memoria Sacra hic vivit usque & usque vivat, exiguum etiam illud quod mortale fuit viri pietate literis hospitalitat● eleemosinis Celeberrimi Reverendi in Christo patris ac Domini Thomae Dunelmensis Episcopi Eoque nomine Comitis Palatini, Clara Mortonorum familia Oriundione Quem Richardo peperit Elizabetha Le●dale Sexto de 19 puerperi● Eboraci in lucem Editum Quem Col. Sancti Joh. Evangelistae in Acad. Cant. Alumnum fovit Instructissimum, socium Ambivit selectissimu● Benefactorem sensit munificentissimum, ornamentum celebrabit perpetuo singular. Marstonienis, Alesfordiensis, Stopfordiensis Rectorem sedulum. Eboracensis, Canonicum Pium Quem Ecelesia Glocestrensis, Wintoniensis; Decanum Providum Cestrensis Leich. & Covent. Dunelmensis — Praesulem vigilantem Habuere. Qui post plurimos pro sancta Ecclesia Catholica Exantlatos Labores, Elucubrata volumina, toleratas afflictiones. Diuturna (heu nimium) Ecclesiae procella hinc inde jact at us; huc demum Appulsus bonis exutus omnibus (bona preterquam fama & conscientia) tandem etiam & corpore; senex, & Caelebs hic Requiescit in Domino; Felicem praestolans R●surrectionem; Quam suo demum tempore bonus debit Deus; Amen. Nullo non dignus Elogio Eo vero dignior, quod nullo se dignum existimaverit Obiit Crastin● S. Mathaei Salutis 1659. Sepultus Festo S. Michaelis Anno Aetatis 95. Episcopatus 44. THE Life and Death OF Dr. THOMAS COMBER, Dean of Carlisle. DOctor Thomas Comber, Son of Comber Clarenciaux King of Arms, was born at Shermanbury in Sussex, on New-years-day, and Baptised on the day of Epiphany, 1575. the twelfth Child of his Father, as Bellarmine, Baronius, Scultetus, and many eminent men were, who were the vigorous offspring of their decayed Parents. His first Education was at Horsham in the same County, under a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rather a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who studying his meek, but active temper, as much as he did his Books; rather mildly led, than severely drive him; to whom a frown was as bad as correction, and a correction as bad as death, whose great industry, and happy memory taking in all the learning instilled into him, and retaining all he had taken in (twice reading sufficing him to gain any piece of an Author, at eight years of age) furnished him with so much skill in Greek and Latin Poetry, History, and Oratory, as with Mr. Titchburns his exemplary Tutor's improvement of him in Hebrew, Syriack, Arabic, besides Logic, Ethics, and a smattering in the Mathematics, recommended him, after three years' continuance in Trinity College Cambridge, where he was admitted to Dr. Nevil, than intent upon planting a good Nursery in that College (knowing that learning propagates by example, and one good Scholar begets another, as one lights his Candle at the Candle of his Neighbour) to be Scholar and Fellow of the Royal Foundation. Where his proficiency was the effect 1. Of St. Bernard's method, which was written upon many of his Books; ut Legeret Intelligendi, fecit cupidites, ut Intelligeret oratio Impetravit; ut Impetraret quid (nisi vitae sanct it as promeruit; sic cupiat, sic orat, sic & vivat, qui se proficere desiderat. 2. The industry he commended to others in these Instructions, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shun Idleness as the common, sewer that takes in all temptation: employ yourselves well, or you will be employed ill. 3. And the good example of other Students, and he would use often that of Seneca, & magnum est quod a sapiente vi●o vel tacente proficias; and the accomplished man now dexterous in Hebrew, Arabic, Coptick, Samaritan, Syriack, Chaldee, Persian, Greek, Latin, French, Spanish, and Italian, and well versed in the Greek and Latin Fathers, Schoolmen, Counsels, and Modern Writers. (Great Abilities very much sweetened by his great Modesty and Humility) appeared first an excellent Tutor, bringing up his Pupils rather as Friends and Companions, than Scholars; stealing his vast Learning to them by Discourse and Converse, rather than inculcating it by Set-Lectures; and training them up to virtue and knowledge, by his example more effectually, than others did by Precepts, giving this reason for it afterwards to other Tutors, That young men admitted to the Company of those that were their Seniors, would be decoyed into excellency, being ashamed to speak or do any thing below the Company they kept. And then a melting Preacher, preaching as much by his silent and grave Gesture, composed to a smiling sweetness, as by his learned and honest Sermons; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. After that, having filled his own Country with his hopes and name, he traveled three years secured from the Vices of foreign Nations, by his chaste gravity, and sage prudence; and very capable of their virtues by exact Observations, and good Company, being all the while he was in France at the house of the Judicious, Learned, and Religious Mounsieur Moulin, the Buckler of the Protestant profession. Frequent Disputes (at which he was so much of Chrysippus his faculty, [in disputando pressus, concisus & subactus] that he was employed at the command of our late famous King, to Dispute at St. Andrews in Scotland in public with the Divines there, who admired him much for his solid quickness and various Learning:) Holy Conference, the fruit whereof was the conversion of several Jews (the good effect of Oriental Learning) and particularly, one Bardesius by name, whom he convinced that it was impossible to maintain the truth of the Old Testament, but by allowing the New and friendly Communications; an instance whereof we have in the honourable mention the Learned Morinus (in animad. in censuram exercit. eccles. in Pentat. Samarit. p. 419.) makes of this worthy Doctor, haec verba Alius praeterea Codex (Samaritanus) celebratur, & dicitur esse Archiepiscopi Armachani, & ab eo e Palestina in Hiberniam exportatus, qui Leidensibus Academicis nonnullo tempore fuit commodatus. Istum Codicem vir Clarissimus Thomas Comberus Anglus quem honoris & officii reddendi causa nomino, cum textu judaico verbum e verbo imo literam cum litera maxima diligentia et indefesso Labore comparavit, differentiasque omnes juxta capitum & versuum ordinem digestas ad me misii humanissime & officiocissime. Being tightly accomplished by these methods, he was preferred by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Chaplain to his Majesty; and by his Majesty Master of the College whereof he had been so worthy a Fellow; where he, wrapped up in his studies, took only these cares upon himself. 1. That a good understanding shoul● be kept among the Fellows, preventing by his lenity and moderation, justice and prudence, all Divisions; and suppressing by his A●●rity, all Parties and Factions. 2. That Elections should be sincere respecting worth in the meanest person, and not gratifying un● worthiness in the richest; usually answering powerful intercessor and importunate friends thus. Sirs, persuade your Gardener upon your importunity to plant a withered and hopeless Herb or Tree, if I should commit an error in the first Election, the error will continue in the whole Foundation. I had rather maintain ● Child of weak parts anywhere else, than admit him to Trinity; the example will do much more harm to the College, than the Preferment can do to the Child. 3. That young men's studies should be methodical and useful, examining privately their Proficiencies, and looking publicly to their Exercises, taking care to dispose of them all, according to their respective capacities. Anno 1631/2. He was Vicechancellor of the University, where he was very strict in observing the Statutes, very watchful over the public performances; the jocose, that they should not be too loose or abusive; the serious, that they should not be too perfunctory, and the Religious (whether Sermons, Prayers, or Disputations) that they should not be (what they were but too apt to be) too Factious; witness the dangerous Position of Mr. Bernard Lecturer of St. Sepulchers at St. Mary's, which he speedily reported to Archbishop Laud, and vigorously prosecuted in the High-commission: The Articles were these (for otherwise he often absented himself from the Consistory when they made a man an offendor for a word.) 1. That God's Ordinances blended with the Innovations of men, cease to be God's Ordinances. 2. That it is impossible to be saved in the Church of Rome, without repentance for being of it. 3. That reason is not limited to the Royal blood; and that he is a Traitor against a Nation, that depriveth it of its Ordinances, etc. 4. That those who shamefully symbolise with the Church of Rome, as some among us do in Pelagian Errors, and Superstitious Ceremonies, are to be prayed either to their Conversion, or to their Confusion. But a while after these and other Principles which he thought fit to punish, others thought fit to practice, whereupon having in vain strived against the stream of a popular inundation, now overflowing its banks by Letters to his friends, by public Petitions, and by supplies to his Majesty, (the honourable Sir Charles Wheeler then Fellow of his house, managing the design for carrying the Plate of the University to the King at York, conceiving it unfitting that they should have superfluities to spare, while his Majesty wanted necessaries to spend) and not knowing indeed in those times when the Countess of Rivers house at Long-Melford, was plundered to the value of 20000 l. where to deposit their Plate better than in his Majesty's hand, Heir to his Ancestors the Founders Paramount of all houses, this worthy Doctor was the better fitted to suffer comfortably, because he had acted in all his capacities (as Master of the College, Dean of Carlisle, and Rector of Worpesden in Surrey) so conscientiously, as he did, when for a With him suffered the Reverend and stupendiously learned Mr. Thorndike, Dr. Crawley of Agmionsham, Dr. Cowley, Dr. Salman, Dr. Sherman, the two last bred at the Charterhouse, the last Author of the sober book called, White Salt, and of the Potes Infallibility; a very learned sober, and charitable man in the worst times, and because he had 80 l. of his own, would not accept of his Fellowship in the best times● eminent for gathering Con●is butions to Bishop Waltons' Bible, and other ●oyal and Wor●by designs. refusing the Covenant, and contributing to the Rebellion, he was imprisoned, plundered, and deprived of all his Preferments. 1642. Possessing his meek and calm soul in patience, humility, and faith, (which were a part of his Grace before and after his Meals) (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) submitting to Providence, and kissing the Rod, without any other reflection on the instruments of his sufferings, than God forgive them; weeping indeed sometimes, [〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉] so melting is the good man's disposition for the horror of the sins they went on in, but taking the spoiling of his goods joyfully. Oh his frequent Ejaculations in English, Greek, and Latin! his clear Prospect into the late Revolutions and Restaurations! his extraordinary Comforts in the worst time, his constant Almes-giving and Charity, his Fast and Litanies! the tenderness of his heart melting at several passages of Scripture his dear Consort read to him! often saying, Happy are they that believe, and not see! oh his constancy to friends, and love even to enemies, preferring many of his Predecessors Servants merely because of the pick between them two, being kind to them, only because their Master was unkind to him. The calmness of his spirit under the rack of his torment, answering those that asked him how he did constantly, Very well, I thank God; so great the peace of a good man, that melted his own will into the will of God; O with what flaming Devotion, and holy Reverence, he received his Viaticum, the Seal of his Pardon, that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the Sacrament of the Lords Supper, a little before his death, when in a cold frosty morning he took off all his Caps, and sat upon his Bed bareheaded in honour of the Lord Jesus there Crucified before him; immediately after crying Nunc Dimittis, and desiring to be dissolved, and to be with Christ; only he sent, just as he was a dying, to his dear Consorts ancient Parents, and an aged friend in the Town, to prepare for death, telling them and his loving Wife, that he should be loath to be happy without them; suggesting to her likewise, that when she saw him close his eyes, she should not be troubled, but conceive that he was fallen asleep. He was buried, I think, in Trinity College Chappel, March 29. 1653. the Revered Dr. Boreman Rector of St. Giles in the Fields, Preaching his Funeral Sermon, to whom I owe this faithful account of this blessed man, as I do the following Epitaph to the Reverend Dr. Duport, Dean of Peterburgh. Epitaphium Reverendissimi, Doctissimique Domini Doctoris Combar, etc. qui devotam Deo animam reddidit, Feb. 28. 1653. Postquam annos 78. (plus minus) cum celebritate nominus compleverat. COs priscae pietatis tque lima, Sincerae, solidae, sed acre Novae hujus Legodaedalae, sonorae, fucatae, meretriciae flagellum: Atlas Religionis Orthodoxae, Tibicen fidei, Columna veri, falsi malleus, haeresin retundens Retundens quoque schisma hypocritarum. Doctrinae Jubar, cruditionis fundus, Fax, Crticae, politiorum fons linguarum, Idiomatumque nidus, Cunct as tam bene continens loquelas loquelas veteres, et eruditas eos quot quot habet, quot occidensque Nido scilicet (Add quas ad unguent modernas tenuit) Cubabat isto Chaldaeus, Syrus, aethiop's, Arabsque Hebraeus, Samarita, Persa, Coptus, Flumen nectaris, Ingeni Scatebra, Thesauri sed et Ausoni, Pclasgi. Penus flos latialis umbra Tulli, Athenae merae, & Attici Leporis Favus, mellis Aymethi Alveare Torrens eloquii, medulla suadae Dicendi veneresque, Gratiaeque Sagax arbiter elegantiarum Legendi sine fine Dipsas Atrox, Librorum Helluo, literarum Abyssus Aevi surculus aurei renascens morum stella nitens in his tenebris exemplar probitatis, atque gemma in hoc stercore temporum refulgens candour, simplicitasque comitasque et mista gravitas suavitate, Frons jucunda, decor verendus oris Jecur Felle carens, cor absque fuco Ingens pectoris Integri serenum musarum meliorum amor, voluptas, et gentis decus, et dolor togatae, hoc uno pariter (facesse livor) Quo Combare jaces) jacent Sepulchro. THE Life and Death OF Dr. SAMUEL COLLINS, Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge. WHen I observe one Star exactly in the Firmament, others at first sight not so discernible, offer themselves to my observation; taking the character of the foregoing eminent ●ight in the University of Cambridge; others that shined equally with him in the same Orb, and suffered as eminent an Eclipse, appeared; as 1. Dr. Samuel Collins (Son of Mr. Baldwin Collins, called for his piety, pains, and bountiful Almes-giving, by Queen Elizabeth, Father Collins) was born, August 5. (a day observable to him in many passages of his life) 1570. at Eton, where he was bred; and whence, after nine years' study under a severe Schoolmaster (whom yet sensible, how seasonably that severity fixed his too nimble nature, thanked that Schoolmaster as publicly, as his predecessor Dr. Whitacre, who when his Tutor took his Doctor's Degree under him, thanked him publicly, for giving him frequent Correction) with an admirable proficiency, by reason (as he would say himself) of emulation and ambition, that provoked him to learn; by the example of some leading Boys, that his Master kept in each Form to draw on the rest; and to use his own word, to Co-extend their souls; by a natural Memory improved by Art, taught him by his Father, and by his great fancy, which helped him to a deep notion, and lively similitude of things, and so to a more retentive memory of them. A natural eloquence and facetiousness, symbolising with, and so more tenacious of any Elegancy he ever met with, in any Poet or Orator; especially, in his beloved Ovid and Pindar, ●ully or Isocrates, and the modern Ciceronians, as Longolius, Bembus, Politian, &c Some pieces of whom he read yearly to his dying day, giving this reason for it to the young men, whom he advised to do the like, jisdem nutrimur, ex quibus constamus, those Authors enlarge and quicken our parts, that first moulded and form them; and a decaying soul like a decaying body, should go to its native air, and congenial author, to recover its self. He was chosen Fellow by Dr. Roger Goad, who upon his smart Translation of a piece in Hor●ce, at the Election (and by the way, he would say, he improved himself much by translating himself, taking notice how others translated one Language into another, and observing the Idiotisms and proper Elegancies of each Author and Language) clapping his Hand on his Head, and against six eminent Competitors, saying, This is my Child, that if he lives (wise men dwell next door to Prophets) shall be my Heir and Successor; As he was 1615. being chosen Provost, and 1621. Regius Professor of Divinity, having deserved well of the Church, both by his excellent discourse against the Papists, and his accurate Sermon 1608. at St. Paul's about the Non-conformists, upon 1 Tim. 6. 3, 4, 5. Of the former of whom he converted seven, and of the latter sixteen, by reason of his admirable wit and memory, which he would say, Was a man's learning (for quantum memini, tantum scio) he was the most ●luent Latinist of our age; Disputants encountering the torrent of his eloquence, with no better success, than Caligula's Soldiers did, upon his Command with the Tide; as clear, as fluent, not desiring to be thought deep, because muddy and dark: Not at all affected with the endless disputes of our Times, which any Sciolist may move, but the best Scholars cannot end, about Predestination, and the other busy Articles, determining one day on the one side in those points, and the next day on the other, as the Disputants put up their Positions; telling his amazed Auditors, that both sides in those intricate Disputes, however, aggravated by zeal and ignorance, were, if rightly understood, agreeable with the Analogy of Faith. He would neither multiply needless Controversies, nor compound necessary ones, being resolute and stable in Fundamentals, those his fixed Poles and Axletree about which he moved, while they stood immovaeble; not tossed to and fro, with pro and con, upon the sea of Controversies, as some others, so long, as the very ground seemed to move to him, and his judgement grow sceptical and unstable, in the most settled points of Divinity, though he brought some controversies near together, as those mountains in Wales, whose hanging tops come so close together, that Shepherds on the tops of several Hills may audibly talk together. Being no curious searcher of nice Questions, no cunning Sector, (as Antonius Pius, who had that name for his desire to Study, and examine the least differences) remembering very well that Captain Martin Forbisher fetched from the farthest Northern Countries a ships lading of Mineral Stones (as he thought) which afterwards were cast out to mend the Highways. He defeated as well as escaped the arguments brought against him, not only putting by the thrust but breaking the weapon; knowing well otherwise, that though he might shut the Opponents mouth, he might open the difficulty the wider in the hearts of the hearers; but he either fairly resolved the doubt, or showed the falseness of the argument, by beggering the Opponent to maintain such a fruitful generation of absurdities, as his argument had begotten; or lastly, retorts it back upon him again. The first way unties the knot, the second cuts it asunder, and the third whips the Opponent with the knot himself tied. He always commended a clear Answerer above a cunning Opposer, because the latter takes advantage of man's ignorance, which is ten times more than his knowledge. He knew that all arguments for errors were resolved into a fallacy, and therefore he used every time to urge a new fallacy, that the young Divines might be used to answer them; so dissembling himself, truths foe to be her better friend, with joseph, having sufficiently sifted the matter in a disguise, he discovered himself; I am Joseph your Brother. As his Latin was pure and elegant, making a smooth way over the Alps of Philosophy, and School-divinity (using only such Threadbare School-terms, as were Standards, fixed to the Controversy, to take off the covert fallacy might have under the Nap of flourishing Language) so was his English plain when he came to Preach, especially to a plain Auditory, with the Paraclesians' extracting Oil out of the driest and hardest bodies; knotty Timber being unfit to build with, he edified his people with profitable and plain matter. His three Spurs to virtue, were satire, Sarcasm, or Irony, and Panegyric; by the two first shaming the ill-inclined, and by the last encouraging the well-disposed: It was observed of him, that as his Tickets, giving notice of his Reading on the School-doors, for forty years were never two together alike, without some considerable difference in the Critical Language thereof; so his Repartees were never upon two men the same, nor twice alike upon one man. He escaped being Bishop of Bristol, which some Courtier, who would prefer him downward, procured him out of spite, by his Friends: He a With him were turned out Doctor Charles Mason, the excellent Doctor Jo● Pe●●●on, Ma●g, Prof. of Divinity in Camb. Mr. of Trin. Coll. and Archdeacon of Surrey. kept his Chair, when turned out of his other preferments, out of necessity by his Foes; who had made the times such, that it was easy to find new Masters, and new Preachers, but not so new Professors. Entreating them, after he had complemented them out of a long time, to consider of the Covenant, to take his Preferments if they would, for he would never take their Covenant; being so happy in his Panegyric, wherein only he over-did; that he flattered two of the Committee into Proselytes to his persecuted Opinion, right like the Primitive Martyrs, that smiled their very Persecutors into a Conversion, to undergo that very Martyrdom for afflicted Christianity, that they were ready to inflict. He died about 1651. being a Person of small stature, and therefore the more vigorously actuated by his great soul, whose faculties, like Beams contracted, are the more active and strong; leaving Esquire Collins, his accomplished Son (a worthy Member of the present Parliament) Heir to his Eloquence, as he was at last (after some difficulties occasioned by those trusties that made an advantage of the Doctor's wary and politic settlement in regard of these times) of his Estate. Indeed, as much exceeding his Father in English, as his Father did others in Latin. Samuel Collins a 〈…〉 himself in his Books. Aetonepsis Eloquentiae, & Graecae, & Latinae Facile princeps, qui SS. Theol. Doctor. idem, & Professor, & concionibus, & praelectionibus dominatus est 50. plus minus annis; Cathedrae & pulpiti Imperator; & vere Regus Moderator; unicus Episcopatus vindex, qui noluit Episcopari. Erasmus alter redendo plus potuit quam Lutheri, & zelotae alii ●toma● chando. THE Life and Death OF Dr. WILLIAM BEAL. Pyramids are measured by their shadows, and this worthy Person is known to me only by an Inscription, designed by a b Mr. G. 〈◊〉. Relation of his upon his Grave-stone. Dr. William Beal, bred in Pembroke-hall under Dr. Jerome Beal, and Master of St. john's in Cambridge, Chaplain to King Charles the First, who said publicly of him in Saint johns-colledge, after he had asked how he did? That he had a kindness for him for his Integrity: Adding graciously, that where he once loved, and took a good opinion, he was seldom moved from it. He wished, as his Predecessor Whitacre, he had lost Learning, as he had got in after-supper Studies, on condition, he might gain so much strength, as he had lost thereby: And with the same Dr. Whitacre found the inconvenience of being imposed upon a College whereof he was no Member; that he would say, A Society will hardly be ruled by a Governor, but on the same terms the Welsh would be governed by their King, that is, if he were born amongst them, and spoke their Language: Besides that, it is a great discouragement to a Society, for the Members of it not to be sure in their turns of their own preferments. In his choice of Scholars he pitched upon Parts without good Manners, rather than good Manners without good Parts; because Civility might, but Abilities could not be counterfeited: God only can descry a good heart, but Men may discover a good head, and Discipline might correct the loose (whose very looseness in youth was to him an argument of their proficiency in their riper years, when wildness would become activity) into temperance and sobriety, whereas nothing could make the Dunce a Scholar. There was no Election in the House without his presence, no Admission without his Examination, and no Audit or Progress without his own account; who aimed at three things. 1. The Decency and Advancement of the College. 2. The Encouragement of Tenants, and the Improvement of their Woods and Lands. 3. The Inuring of Scholars to Discipline in their young days, that being accustomed to the yoke in their youth, they might not start in their elder years. For being active in gathering the University Plate for his Majesty, he was, with the excellent Dr. Stern, now Lord Archbishop of York, sent, surrounded in their respective Colleges, carried to London in triumph, in which persecution there was this circumstance remarkable: That though there was an express Order from the Lords, for their Imprisonment in the Tower, which met them at Tottenham high-Cross (wherein, notwithstanding there was no Crime expressed) yet they were led Captive through Bartholomew-Fare, and so as far as Temple-bar, and back through the City into the Tower, on purpose that they might be hooted at, or stoned; and so for three years together hurried from Prison to Prison (after they were Plundered and a With him were Sequestered that incomparable Preacher, and sweet-natured man, Dr. Lake of Bishopsgate London, the worthy and beloved Bishop Morgan of Bangor, the excellent Dr. Bote●er of the North. Sequestered, two words that signified an undoing) without any Legal Charge against them, or Trial of them; it being supposed surely that they would be famished at Land, and designed that they should be stifled, when kept ten days under De●k at Sea, or all failing, to be sent as Gallislaves to Algiers, till this worthy person was exchanged, and had liberty to go to Oxford to serve his Majesty there, as he had done here, by a good Example, constant Fasts and Prayers, exact Intelligence, convincing and comfortable Sermons, as he did all the while he lived; till his heart broke to see (what he always feared, and endeavoured in vain to persuade the moderate part of the other side of) his Majesty murdered, and he died suddenly with these words in his mouth, which the standers by understood, with reference to the state of the public, as well as the condition of his own private person. I believe the Resurrection. Nor am I stirred, that thy Pale Ashes have O'er the dark Climate of a private Grave No fair Inscription: such distempers flow From poor Lay-thoughts, whose blindness cannot know, That to discerning Spirits Graves can be, But a large Womb to Immortality: And a fair virtuous Name, can stand alone, Brass to the Tomb, and Marble to the Stone. THE Life and Death OF Dr● RICHARD HOLDSWORTH. A Divine, (and to confute the common slander fastened upon Ministers Sons) a Divines Son, Richard Holdsworth, the Son of Richard Holdsworth, born at Newcastle upon Tyne (where his Father was an eminent Preach●er, and bred there under Mr. William Pearson (to whom he was committed, the youngest of his dying Fathers Sons, at seven years of age) an exact Preacher in the same place. He came very young to St. john's College in Cambridge, with very pregnant hopes, and went away young with very great accomplishments; (the ornament of that Society, whereof he was a Member; and the great Vote of it, insomuch, that they endeavoured to choose him Master.) First, to be Chaplain to Sir Henry H●bart, Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas, where he was very honourably treated, and thence to be Minister of St. Peter's in the Poor, London (which he had in exchange for another Living, whereto an honourable Patron presented him, and wherefrom a reverend Prelate (that was loath to lose him in the Country) dissuaded him, in the West-riding of Yorkshire.) the Scene of his renowned performances while he was alive, and the Grave of his virgin body, when dead. There he filled not the People's ears with empty noise, but ravished their Hearts with solid truths; here the Church rung not with the Preachers raving, but with the Hearers groans; the Walls, Pillars, and Window● dropping with the Auditor's sweat and tears extorted from them● not by a furious thundering, but by a zealous and hearty Eloquence, which awed Impiety, comforted the Religious, was the delight of good Men, and a pleasant song even to Hypocrites; being followed by all sort of people (who delighted in him, not as St john Baptists Hearers did, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, for a time) till the Civil Wars, when the times turning, and he standing still, the People in the late Tumults, like those at Sea, thought he, who was as immovable as the earth, moved and altered; and they, whose Heads turned like Folks-heads at Sea, thought themselves the same. Once he was Preaching to them, upon the Acclamation made to Her●d and the Consequence of it, in Mer●●rs-Chappel; and they Hummed him so, that they could not hear him; he cried out to them several times, I pray remember the Text; to teach them to have no man's person in admiration. Another time they thronged to hear his Sermon, and he dismissed them with the Prayers and a Homily of the Church (Reading both in his Surplice) to inform them, that he preferred the public Offices before his private Abilities; which though more fluent than any Gifted-man about Town, tied himself to one sober Form of Prayer, and to one grave Method of Preaching. The Plague in 1625. when he first came to Broad-street, could not drive him from his dear Flock; though another Murrain 1640. among the Flock its self (I mean the late heresies and Schisms) did. But one Stage was not equal to so great Abilities, that could fill both the Chair at Gresham-Colledge, on the one side of Broad-street, in as great confluence of Scholars and Divines, as he did the Pulpit on the other side with a great throng of Citizens. His learned labours returning upon him with fresh applauses each week in both places, a specimen of the last whereof we have in his learned Lectures, published a P●inted by Mr. William Weirs and Mr Scot, at the Princes. A●●es in Little Britain. by the reverend, learned, and good-natured Dr. Richard Pearson, lately of St. Bride's London (who having power to Print them from one of the Doctor's Overseers, Bishop Brownrig, as he had, with much ado obtained leave of the modest Doctor himself (who never Printed any thing, but one single Sermon, and that not till a third Command from his Majesty (who otherwise was very conscientiously observant of his least Order) that Pamphlet, called by the Transcriber, The Valley of Vision; a Valley indeed, not for the fruitfulness, but for the lowness (especially if compared to the pretended Authors high parts) but little vision) Printed them with that care, that became an ingenious man, who reverenced the memory of the Author, who was by Relation his Uncle, in Affection his Father, in Favours his Patron, in his Academical Studies his Tutor, and in his Ecclesiastical his Compass. Entering on his Lectures 1630. with great expectation, and continuing them for eight years above it, his own College St. john's Voted him Master; (and when the perverseness of some, and the prevalency of others, defeated the College of that Vote, the honour whereof his own modesty declined) Emanuel College gained him at once, the most obliging, and the most resolute Master, that ever was in that House, old Dr. Chadderton, that had resigned to Preston, and survived two Masters, saying, That he was the only Master that ever he saw in that House; and he carrying it so civilly towards the old Doctor, that he did nothing, and went no whither about College Affairs, without Father Chadderton on his right hand, telling him, That as long as he lived he should be Master in the House, though he himself was forced to be Master of the House. Until opposing the torrent of the late Civil Wars, as Vice chancellor for three years together, by Preaching Loyal Sermons at St. Mary's, by Licensing his Majesty's Declarations to the Press, by discountenancing evil Principles, and propagating good ones, by forwarding Supplies to the King to suppress the Rebellion, and by denying any to the Faction to maintain it, he was advised to withdraw himself from that Tumult, which it was in vain to contend with; as he did, first to the Country, and then to London (the best Hiding-place in the kingdom) where being concealed a while, God Almighty thinking it not fit, that so great a virtue should, in a time when there was so much need of it, be hid, and drawing it out to be as exemplary in its sufferings, as it had been in its other performances, he fell by accident, as he walked an evening, into their hands whom he desired to avoid; for being known by a Captain of one of those Guards that Watched each Street and Corner, he was brought before a Close-Committee, and Committed by them, first to Ely-house (this profane War turning Nobleman's Palaces into Prisons, as it did afterwards God's Houses into Stables) and afterwards, to increase the charge, as well as the severity of his Imprisonment, to lessen both his Liberty and Estate, to the Tow●r, which he called David's Tower for four years together, where Archbishop Laud sent particularly to this excellent person for his Prayers a little before his death; and whence, not without a great sum of money, and as great intercession of friends, on condition not to stir above twenty miles out of the City, to enjoy only his choice Library, that escaped their fury, and his Parish in the City, his College in the University, and a good Parsonage bestowed upon him by the Earl of Rutland, being kept from him, the Title of Margaret Professor (but the bare Title without the Profits and Emoluments of the Place) to which the unanimous consent of the University Voted him, in the face of his enemies, in his absence, and in his affliction. Neither lasted these Enjoyments long, for not being able to forbear the Men, (so sacred to him was his Majesty's Cause and Person, when they had the Impudence to Vote no more Addresses to the King) for a smart Sermon against them, he is put, as well as his Master, into safe Custody by the Juncto; who Declared, That either he must be forbid the Pulpit, or they must forbear their Seats; he being able, they said, to overthrow in an hour, what they had been carrying on several years. But he continued performing Divine Service, and Preaching as long as he had liberty, thoughtful of men's souls, and his charge of them; regardless of his own person, and the calamities of that: He was more afraid of St. Paul's, Woe is me, if I Preach not the Gospel, than of St. Paul's Chain, or of St. Peter's Bonds. The Life he lost, he found; and the more he despised Liberty, the more he enjoyed it: Abroad he comes, the King writes for him, and his other Chaplains, to come to him to Holdenby, and is refused; but at Hampton-Court the reasonable request was granted there, he that would not accept of the Bishopric of Bristol, because he might with the more advantage, being no Bishop, descend Episcopacy, accepted of the Deanery of Worcester; a bare Title without profit, to show he waved not that Bishopric for its little Revenue (saying (as some said of him) that he would not take a Bristol-stone) when he took a dignity with none. At Hampton-Court he made bold to ask his Majesty, Whether he thought himself safe with those men? (meaning Cromwell, etc.) and was answered by his Majesty, Yea, if they have any souls? The Monsters of Men having with Hands on their Breasts, and Eyes lift up to Heaven, pawned their Souls and their Posterity upon his Restauration. As he had attended his Majesty at Hampton-Court to comfort him, so with several other Divines he waited on him at the Treaty in the Isle of Wight to assist and serve him, in offering expedients for moderation, till all moderate men were hurried to Prisons, and the most innocent Majesty to the Block; whose Murder affected him so much, that he was never well after, either in body or mind. O what Fasts, what Watchings, what Tears, that unheard of Villainy cost the good man, till a Black Jaundice prevailed over his whole body; and thence an humour, that could neither be dispelled nor mitigated, settled into a Swelling about his Throat, which with a slow Ague, arising from the Inflammation of the foresaid Tumour, let out his sick soul, that could say, The hand of God was light upon him, and that he had never tasted a sweeter Cup. january 1648/9. He saw his Royal Master dying a Martyr, and August 1649. saw him dying a Confessor; weeping for Charles the First, and expecting Charles the Second; lamenting the present, and hoping for the ancient state of things in Church and State: Insomuch, that when some comforted him, That he should be taken away from the evil to come: No no, answered he, somewhat more vehemently than ordinary, I foresee, I foresee from the good things to come. He departed, praying for those things we now enjoy; wishing well to all men, and desired of most. Being a man of a neat personage, convenient stature, a comely aspect, grave manners, a fluent wit, a short anger, an even and constant zeal, an unblameable life, a noble and a charitable heart, exact performances, that trembled at the Supralapsarians Opinions, defined Presbytery, a vast Schism in the Church, bequeathed his Estate to pious uses, and his Books to the College, by the hands of his three honourable Executors, Sir Rober Abdy, Sir Thomas Rich, and Bishop Brownrig, who ordered his Funeral with great solemnity (Dr. jefferies' of Pembroke Preaching at it, on Psal. 102. 11.) and erected him this Monument with great respect. P. M. S. Richardus Holdsworth S. Th. Doctor verbi divini praeco omnium attestatione eximius S. Scripturae in Collegio Greshamensi Per multos annos Interpres celeberrimus Collegii Emanuelis in Academia Cantabrigiensi Praefectus Integerrimus Ejusdem Academiae per tres annos continuos Procancellarius exoptatissimus Ad Cathedram Theologicam Per D. N. Margaretam Richmondiae Comitissam institutam & per mortem summi Theologi Doctoris Wardi Nuper destitutam; unanimi Theologorum suffragio Evocatus Archidiaconus Huntingdoniensis: & Ecclesiae Wigorniensis Decanus mentissimus Sanctae doctrinae in Ecclesia Anglicana stabilitae Cordatus assertor. Divitiarum pius contemptor Eleemosynarum quotidianus Largitor Toto vilae institut● sanctus & severus, ex morbo tandem quem assiduis studendi, & concionandi Laboribus contraxit Aeger decubuit, & in hac Ecclesia Quam per 27 annos Religiosissime administravis Mortalitatis exuv●a● In spe beatae resurrectionis Pie deposuit. M●nsis sextilis die 22. Anno Domini M. DC. XLIX. Aetatis suae LVIII. Mementote praepositorum vestrorum qui vobis locuti sunt verbum Dei, quorum imitamini fidem, contemplantes quis fuerit exitus ipsorum, Heb. 13. 7. THE Life and Death OF Dr. EDWARD MARTIN, Dean of Ely. DOctor Edw. Martin, who had six Ancestors in a direct line, learned before him, & six Libraries bequeathed to him, though inclined to any thing more than learning; Yet, as he would say, was he Hatched a Scholar, as Chickens are at Gran-Cairo, by the very heat of the Family he was related to; his parts, as his nature, inclining to Solidity, rather than Politeness; he was for the exact Sciences, Logic and Mathematics in his Study, as he was for strict Rules in his Conversation. His exact obedience to public establishments in his own person, raised him to a power and trust to see them obeyed by others, being incomparably well skilled in the Canon, Civil, and Common Law, especially as far as concerned the Church in general, and in the Statutes of the University of Cambridge in particular; to be bred under a good Governor, is the best step to be one; he was therefore first admitted 1627/8. Chaplain to Bishop Laud, and thence preferred Master of Queen's College, and Rector of— Government is an Art above the attainment of every ordinary Genius; and requires a wider, a larger, and a more comprehensive soul, than God hath put into every body; he would never endure men to mince and mangle that in their practice, which they swallowed whole in their Subscriptions: owning a well-regulated and resolved zeal in himself, and encouraging it in others; for (to use a Dr. South on Tit. 2. ult. an excellent Persons expression in a Sermon, whereof our Doctor was a Copy) not to support men in the ways of an active Conformity to the Church's rules, he knew would crack the sinews of Government by weakening the hands, and damping the spirits of the obedient. And if only scorn and rebuke shall attend men for asserting the Church's dignity, many will choose rather to neglect their duty safely and creditably, than to get a broken pate in the Church's service, only to be rewarded with that which will break their hearts too. Although he was so resolvedly honest, and upon such clear Principles conscientious, that he tired the persecutions of his enemies, and outlived the neglect of his friends, finding the satisfaction flowing from his duty, out-ballancing the sufferings for it. 1. When Chaplain, much troubled by Archbishop Abbot, Sir H. Lind, and Mr. P. 1. For Licensing a Book called, An Historical Narration of the judgement of some most Learned and Godly English Bishops, holy Martyrs, Confessors in Queen Mary's days, concerning God's Election, and the Merits of Christ's death, Novemb. 27. 1630. 2. For maintaining universal Grace and Redemption, in a Passion Sermon at St. Paul's Cross about the same time. 2. When Master of Queen's College, as much persecuted by the Faction for six or seven years from Cambridge to Ely● house, thence to Shipboard, and thence to the Fleet, with the same disgrace and torment I mentioned before in Dr. Beals life, for being active in sending the University-Plate to the King, and in undeceiving people about the proceedings of the pretended Parliament, i. e. in sending to the King that which should have been plundered by his enemies: and preaching as much for him as others did against him; his sufferings were both the smarter and the longer, because he would not own the Usurpation so much as to Petition it for favour, being unwilling to own any power they had to Imprison him, by any address to them to Release him. And when in a throng of other Prisoners he had his Liberty, he chose to be an exile beyond Sea at Paris, rather than submit to the tumult at home at London, or Cambridge. If he was too severe against the Presbyteries of the Reformed Churches, which they set up out of necessity, it was out of just indignation against the Presbytery of England, which set up itself out of Schism. And when he thought it unlawful for a Gentleman of the Church of England to marry a French Presbyterian, it was because he was transported by the oppression and outrage of the English. But being many years beyond Sea, he neither joined with the Calvinists, nor kept any Communion with the Papists: but confined himself to a Congregation of old English and Primitive Protestants: where by his regular Life and good Doctrine, he reduced some Recusants to, and confirmed more doubters in the Protestant Religion, so defeating the jealousies of his foes, and exceeding the expectation of his friends. Returning with his Majesty 1660. he was restored to his own Preferments, and (after Dr. Loves death, the natural Wit, and Orator, Master of Bennet College, Margaret Professor after Dr. Holdsworth; in which place he was sure to affront any man that put up Questions against the Doctrine or Discipline of the Church of Engl. in the worst of times, and Dean of Ely) made Dean of Ely; in which dignity he died 1662/3 having this Memorial, That he had bred up his College so well in the Principles, of Religion and Loyalty, that no one there from the highest to the lowest, submitted to the Usurpers; for there, was a through Reformation, neither Master, Fellow, not Scholar being left of the Foundation; so that according to the Laws of the Admiralty it might seem a Wreck, and forfeited in this Land-tempest for lack of a living thing therein, to preserve the propriety thereof: a severity contrary to the eternal moral of the Jewish Law provided against the Depopulation of Birds-nests, that the old and young ones should be destroyed together. The Doctor's Predecessors, Dr. Humphrey Tyndal Master of Queens, and Dean of Ely, was, as is reported, offered by a Protestant party in Bohemia, to be chosen King in Queen Elizabeth's Reign, and he refused it, alleging, That he had rather be a Subject under Queen Elizabeth, than a foreign Prince. And the Doctor himself was offered (as I have heard) honourable accommodations by some in the Church of Rome, but he accepted them not, because he said, He had rather be a poor Son of the afflicted, but Primitive Church of England, than a Rich Member of the flourishing, but corrupt Church of Rome. Edvardus Martin S. Th. Dr. Cato sequioris saculi, qui nihil ad famam omnia ad conscientiam fecit Rigid pius vir, et severe justus; sibi theatrum omnia ad normam exigens non amplius ambivit quam ut sibi placeret et Deo. THE Life and Death OF THE LORD WILLMOT, Earl of Rochester. THe Lord, Wilmot, born on All-Souls day in Ireland, and bred Fellow of All-Souls in Oxford, received a Barony from his Ancestors, and conveyed an Earldom to his Posterity; of whom a great man said, That he was, so Great a Scholar, that he could give the best advice; and so good a Soldier, that he could follow it the best of any man in England; none more valiant to return a private affront with the hazard of his own Person● (he gave a box on the ear to one of the most eminent men in this Nation) none more patient in taking a disgrace, the revenge of which might hazard the public safety. (He suffered his Horse to be taken by the bridle, and himself to be led out of Command by a Messenger from his Majesty in the Hoad of 700. Horse, over whom he was Lieutenant-General, in view of the Enemy, to the great dissatisfaction of the Army, which was ready to Mutiny for the Lord Willmot, at that very time when they should fight the Earl of Essex.) He was Captain of Horse many years in the Low Countries, with great respect for his generous Courage and good Discipline; and coming thence over, was made Commissary General of Horse in the Expedition into Scotland. In Holland began that animosity between him and Goring, which continued in England. His sobriety endeared him to every Army he came to, and therefore rendered him suspected and envied in most actions he performed. An excellent Commander of Horse, and of himself, being therefore mistrusted, because he would not swear, as if Damn had been the Oath of Allegiance. 1640. Aug. 28. When the Lord Conway let the Scots over ●weed, Mr. Willmot was the first man that made head against them, standing with a few prime Gentleman, when the rest of the Army fled and threw down their Arms to the Enemy's Horse and Cannon; so effectual, that though being overpowered he could not defeat them, yet he stunned them so, that instead of advancing with an Army, next day they submit with a Petition exactly as Mr. Willmot guessed, whose opinion was, That one resolute action against the Scots should min them who are lost by favours, and 〈◊〉 by severities. He acted like a Statesman when Commissary in the Expedition against the Scots, telling my Lord Conway, That he saw his Majesty would be overcome by the English at home if he overcame not the Scots abroad; and he spoke like a Soldier in the Parliament 1641. where whispering with the Lord Peirey, and Colonel Ashburnham, as they sat together upon the Vote of 300000 l. to be paid the Scots, with 25000 l. advance, out of the money designed the English Army; he stepped up and told Mr. Speaker, That if such Papers of the Scots could procure moneys, he doubted not, but the Officers of the English should soon do the like. A wise and brave Speech, that when the Army were informed by him how the Parliament slighted them, they were ready to Rally themselves against the Parliament as soon, that Rallied the multitude against the King; he and some others putting themselves into a secret and sworn Juncto, to declare with the Army, against the rude at fronts offered his Majesty, to the subversion of Government; notwithstanding all the gracious Concessions made by his Majesty for the support of it; but without success, Because, as his Lordship used to say, Treachery got easily into the Bosom of that Prince, that had nothing but Honesty in his heart. And because some were admitted into their Counsels against Mr. Wilmots advice, who never engaged in a secret design, to which there were above four together privy that knew one another. He obstructed the Faction much in the House of Commons, and more when called to the House of Lords, stopping their Career with those Propositions for Accommodation, which he offered at Westminster, 1641. and to show he was the same man, guided not by Interest but Conscience, renewed at Oxford, 1644. and making ●se of the sad News of the Irish Rebellion (in which affairs, having considerable concerns in that kingdom, he was always of the Committee) to prevent the English, with as much dexterity as others did to promote it. But when (being Posted for a Straffordian) he had no longer any power to moderate the Councils of the Faction in the City (after he had seen so many injuries and indignities offered his Royal Person, so many affronts and scorns put upon the Kingly Office, so many scandalous, seditious, and traitorous Pamphlets against the Government, together with the Combinations and Conspiracies, which the implacable malice, and insatiable ambition of some persons had contrived) he went to suppress the Rebellion in the Field; (being Voted a Traitor by those he endeavoured should not be so.) At Edge-hill he advised, that there should be a good Reserve of Horse to secure the Battle, and that the other Horse should by no advantage be drawn out of it; There being nothing, he said, more dangerous than too eager a pursuit before a battle was over. He ordered the Horse at a The First Battle. Newberry (being Lieutenant-General under Prince Rupert) in so convenient and spacious a place (Downs have been pitched upon as the most commodious Scene of a Horse Engagement) advising them by no means to be drawn into any uneven and straight places; with so strict an eye upon all advantages and b N●u●f psal dicead●m 〈◊〉 scc●●si●. opportunities, and in such Ranks, that one Troop might be in Subsidiis assistant to another, and no part stand naked, or fall in the singleness of its own strength, but that one may second another from first to last; being aware of Livies charge upon Cajus Sempronius, (Pugnavit incaute inconsulteque non subsidiis firmata acic non equity apt locato,) the like he did at a When at at Edge-hill he Winged the Foot with the Horse on all sides, taking advantage both of ground and wind; the like he did at Round way down, decoying Hazelrigs Horse to an advantage, and then beating them upon their own Foot, to the ruin both of Horse and Foot, as be did take Marleburgh. Cropredybridge, bringing off the Kings. Rear there with three Charges through, with so much execution, as routed Sir William waller's Horse and Foot, took all his Ordnances and Gunners, (among whom one Weems a sworn Servant to his Majesty, with the very Leather-guns his Majesty had paid for, saying, when brought before the King, Good Faith, his heart was always with his Majesty) he being hurt, and twice taken Prisoner, and twice rescued by Sir Frederick Cornwallis, and Sir Robert Howard. And of the same nature was his Relief of Banbury, when he surrounded the Besiegers in a Net of six miles' compass, full of snares and stratagems, flanked on all hands by his well-ordered Horse. His being punctual in his Promise, careful in his Pay and Provision for his Soldiers, tender of their Lives, disposing of them in the easiest way for service, and the safest from danger; his condescension to satisfy every particular Person, the reputation of his Integrity and Skill, the moderation of his Principles rendered him as popular in the Army and Country, as he was suspected at Oxford; whence, upon the breaking up of the Parliament there, he went over to the Queen in France, doing what he could by a generous carriage there, to credit that Cause he was not suffered to sight for. Often reflecting, when he heard of the discontents afterwards in the King's Army, on that of Caesar in the first of his Commentaries, S●scire, quibuscunque exercitus dicto audiens non fuerit, aut male re gesta fortunam defuiste, aut aliquo facinore comperto avaritiae esse convictum. It's a remarkable passage, that in her Majesty's Letter to the Lord Digby, Paris April 7. 1645. You think it strange, that Willmot is so well entertained here, which is done according to the orders which I have under the King's hand and yours; its true, his good carriage here hath merited his good entertainment. Indeed his negotiations in France & Holland (where he was formerly very well known by the Name of Willmot the English Gentleman) were not less serviceable than his battles in England; for by virtue of them, and his correspondence with the Lord Willoughby, there was a considerable Fleet of the Revolted Ships, and his own, to entertain the Prince of Wales 1648. as their Commander in Chief, attended by my Lord, the Lord Hopton, etc. And when for want of pay and other miscarriages, that endeavour by Sea and Land to restore his Majesty failed, he set on foot, and by healing Propositions, brought on the Scots Treaty so far, as the admission of the King to the Government of that his ancient Kingdom; whither after some services done in Ireland (where he had great concerns, and a considerable interest) he went with his Majesty, accommodating the several differences that b Especially about the C●●euant, wherewith they were three or four times entangled. arose among a people serupulous and capricious enough of themselves, and distracted by the sad face of things at that time, yet no way better to be ruled in such times, than by an indulgence to them of an experiment, and trial of the folly and vanity of their own ways; and modelling and forming their Roughhewn Armies and Designs: And despairing of any good in that Country upon those men's principles, he advised the Attempt 1651. into England, to draw off the Force then lying within that Nation, coming some months before in person, under the name of Williams, to pre-dispose his friend in 〈◊〉 king●●m and Oxfordshire (where he had married the Lady ●●igh of Ditchl●y and doing eminent service (though in no Command) by instructing them to secure the Passes, to keep a 〈◊〉 Discipline, and offering to March towards London: besides the great example of his personal valour in six several desperate Engagements especially in the latter end of the Worcester Fight, to gain his 〈◊〉 time to retreat, with whom he went, by the conduct of a Scout he had made use of formerly, to Boscobell; where parting 〈◊〉 without 〈◊〉, unusual to so valiant a person, my Lord 〈◊〉 to go towards London, to meet his Majesty, according to appointments at the Green-dragon, at the ●intry in Thames-street; but finding the ways strictly guarded, retired to Mr. Whitegreaves, Mr. Hu●●●●●, and Col. Lanes; where after several consultations had for his Majesty's safe transportation, my Lord bethought himself of one Mr. Elden, formerly Captain in the King's Army, and now a Merchant in lynn; that had befriended the Lord ●erkley in the like care, with whom he had contrived the Voyage, but that the Shipmaster they agreed with, tailed them; and then supporting and directing his Majesty in all emergencies with an invincible courage, his Lord h●p●● him up and down, through infinite windings and turni●gs, till happening upon a Vessel in brighthelm●sted in Sussex, the Master whereof was charmed by his Lordship, under pretence of selling his Coals at the isle of wight, to carry them that way, and then, my Lord pretending that his mind altered, after a well acted quarrel with the honest Master of the Vessel) to the Coast of France; where he stayed not long with his Majesty, but being Created Earl of Rochester, undertook a successful 〈◊〉 to the Imperial Diet at the Ratisbone, where he procured a considerable sum of money for the present, and a very fair promise of the Emperors and the Prince's assistance for the future; and in his return settled a correspondency for the like purpose in England; whither he ventured several times in person, particularly 1655. at H●ssamMoor near York, where the appearance of Cavaliers at the day appointed not answering expectation, my Lord and Sir Nicholas Armorer escaped from the midst of three thousand men, that had as it were enclosed them, to Ailesbury, and from the very hands of the Usurpers Instruments, thence into Flanders, where he served the King of Spain very happily, that he might be able to serve his Master, till he died, not long before his Majesty's Restitution, like Moses, having after several years traversing a Wilderness, only a Prospect of Caanan, and the land of rest and settlement. P. M. Baronis Willmot Caroli Secundi fidus Achates Vt & imi servus Philanax, & Philo Cawlos Comes Regis, Pariter & Regni Adeo officii tenax; ut ab Afflcta Sed justa regis causa eum dimoveant Nec amicorum injuriae, nec inimicorum Prosperum scelus; ultimi saeculi Aristides. THE Life and Death OF Sir BEVILE GREENVILE, Father of the Right Honourable, the Earl of bath. THere are two ancient Families in this Gentleman's name, the Beviles, that have flourished six hundred years in Cornwall at Gwarnack. in his Christian Name; and the Greenviles that have continued in great honour at Bediford in Devonshire above five hundred years in his Surname: And there were the two eminent Virtues of those Families, in his nature (his names being to him not only significations of Honour, but intimations of Virtue, according to that admonition given by Alexander to one of his Followers, Either quit your good name, or leave your bad manners) meekness, wariness, good nature, and ingenuity, the character of the one; valour and prowess, the known honour of the other. His Ancestor Sir R. Greenvile assisted King William Rufus 1113. against the Welsh Rebels, successfully dedicating the Spoils of the war to the honour of Almighty God, in maintaining a Religious House. Sir Bevile Greenvile attended King Charles the First against the English 1641. consecrating his services to the Glory of God, and the settlement of the Church, usually saying, That he counted it the greatest a Note that one of his Sons is a sober, meek, godly and exemplary minister of the Church of England, whi●h puts me in mind of Esquire Buchenhall, who used to say, what sh●ll I say to Mar●in Luther, hav●ng eleven Sons, if I make not one of them a M●●ister. honour of his Family, that one of it, meaning Will. de Greenvile, above three hundred years before, under Edw. the First, was Archbishop of York, and in the Council of Vienna, next the Archbishop of Triers; being for his public spirit and activity, especially in improving the Trade, maintaining the Privileges, and keeping up the Discipline of his Country, called to advise with his Majesty in Parliament, about the great affairs of the kingdom, he would not continue there without him: But when he saw that he was more likely to be suppressed by his Majesty's adversaries, than his Majesty was to be supported by his friendship at Westminster, he withdrew, with many more Devonshire and Cornish Gentlemen that deserved Queen Elizabeth's Character of these Countrymen, That they were all born Courtiers with a becoming confidence) to give their Country, by rational Declarations, the same satisfaction about the state of affairs, that they had already in their own breast (forcing not the Country, till they had convinced and persuaded it) asserting Authority the ligament of civil society against violence, the public interest against private designs, liberty against licentiousness and oppression, and this upon such moderate principles, to widen rather than narrow their interest, and in so civil terms, as won those generous people that were not to be forced; like complete Orators, making happy applications to the several humours and Genius of all persons, with Alcibiades shifting disposition as they altered place; yea, so prudentially did they manage their expressions, that the men at Westminster should not despair of their compliance with them, until they were in a capacity to appear against them, when they had secured the Port-towns, the Fishing-trade for Herring and Pilchards, a Silver at Combmartin and Tin, ●or the meeting of which with Sea-Cral●o save Wood, and k●ep the Tei● from westing in the blessed. Sir Bevile made several experiments. the Mines, the Markets, for the Manufactures of that Country, Kerseys, Bonelace, & c. and settled as good a correspondence between Devonshire and Cornwall by Sir Bevile Greenviles' advice, as was before by Sir Theo. Greenvile's device, who built Baddiford-bridge, as Sir Bevile secured it. They appear in a great body near Pendennis, whereof Sir Nicholas Slaning, another excellent Patriot of Cornwall, was Governor, and Launston the County-town of Cornwall, which Sir Bevile Greenvile possessed himself of. The Body he trained to war, he disciplined to piety (piety not like the Cornish Diamond, counterfeit) and strictness, lest as Pilchards in this Country, being persecuted by their fellow-fish, the Tunny and Hake, fall into the fisher-men's Nets; so the Countrypeople abused by the incivilities of their friends, the Cavaliers, might be taken in the Snares of their enemies the Faction. As the Ambergreese, found sometimes in this Country, hath a more fragrant scent, compounded with other things, than when singly its self; so this noble Gentleman gained a greater repute, when joining counsels and endeavours with others, than when he acted alone. The neighbour Counties were on fire, these Counties look to themselves. Sir Bevile wished that his Army were all of them as good as his Cause, but it is not to be expected that all should be Fish that are caught in a Drag-net; neither that all should be good and religious people, who were adventurers in an action of so large a capacity as this war was; some of the Devils Black Guard may be listed among God's Soldiers, yet there were fewer oaths among them, than in any Army then in England. They say the Cornish-tongue affordeth but two natural oaths, or but three at the most. The sobriety of this Army (which Sir Bevile would say were greater, if less, some being rather a burden than strength to it) made them valiant (its the foul Gun and the guilty Conscience that recoils) as when Sir William Waller intended to break the Western Association at Landsdown, was beaten out of his Lines and Hedges by Sir Bevill, and not only so, but forced likewise out of an high hill, fortified on all sides, the passage up very narrow and dangerous, between a Wood, lined with Musqueteers on the one hand, and Hedges on the other, gained after four desperate Repulses by Horse, Foot, and Canon, by Sir Bevill, and maintained with a Stand of his own Pikes, with a gallantry and honour admired by his very enemies, until he was unfortunately ●lain in the Head of his Men, with the excellent Sergeant Major Lower at his feet, and honourable Mr. Leake, the Earl of Scarsedales' Son, with his enemy's Colours about his arms, to whom this mention is due, Mr. Barker, Lieutenant Col. Wall, Mr. Bostard, Captain james, and Cholwell, being found dead not far from him; both sides bewailing him, and the whole University of Oxford honouring his memory with a Book of Verses, whereof these I pitched upon for his Epitaph. NOt to be wrought by Malice, By Mr. Will. cartwright. Gain, or Pride, To a Compliance with the Triving Side; Not to take Arms for Love of change, or spite, But only to maintain afflicted Right. Not to die Vainly in pursuit of Fame, Perversely seeking after Voice and Name; Is to resolve, Fight, Dye, as Martyrs do; And thus did he, Soldier, and Martyr too. He might (like some reserved Men of State, Who look not to the Cause, but to its Fate). Have stood aloof, Engaged on neither side, Prepared at last to strike in with the Tide: But wellweighed Reason told him, that when Law Either's Renounced, or Misapplied by th' awe Of false-named Patriots; that when the Right Of King and Subject is suppressed by Might; When all Religion either is refused As mere pretence, or merely as that used. When thus the fury of Ambition swells, Who is not active, modestly Rebels. Whence in a just Esteem to Church and Crown, He offered all, and nothing thought his own: This thrust him into Action whole and free, Knowing no Interest, but Loyalty; Not loving Arms as Arms, or Strife for Strife, Nor Wasteful, nor yet Sparing of his Life. A great Exacter of himself, and then By fair commands, no less of other men. Courage and judgement had their equal part, Counsel was added to a generous heart; Affairs were justly timed, nor did he catch At an affected fame of quick dispatch; Things were Prepared, Debated, and then done, Not rashly Broke, or vainly Overspun; False Periods no where by design were made, As are by those that make the War their Trade. The Building still was suited to the Ground, Whence every Action issued full and round. We know who blind their men with specious Lies, With Revelation, and with Prophecies; Who promise two things, to obtain a third, And are themselves by the like Motives stirred. By no such Engine he his Soldiers draws, He knew no Arts, but Courage, and the Cause; With these he brought them on, as well-trained Men, And with those two he brought them off again. When now th' Incensed Legions proudly came Down like a Torrent without Bank or Dam: When understood Success urged on their Force, That Thunder must come down to stop their Course, or Greenvile must step in; then Greenvile stood, And with himself opposed, checked the Flood. Conquest or Death was all his thoughts, so Fire Either Overcomes, or doth itself Expire: His Courage worked like flames, cast Heat about Here, there on this, on that side none gave out. Not any Pike in that renowned Stand, But took new force from his inspiring Hand: Soldier encouraged Soldier, Man urged Man, And he urged all; so much example can: Hurt upon Hurt, Wound upon Wound did call, He was the Butt, the Mark, the Aim of all: His Soul this while retired from Cell to Cell, At last flew up from all, and then he fell. But the devoted Stand enraged more From that his Fate, plied hotter than before; And proud to fall with him, sworn not to yield, Each sought an honoured Grave, so gained the Field. Thus he being fallen, his action Fought anew, And the Dead Conquered, whiles the Living slew. This was not Nature's Courage, nor that thing We Valour call, which Time and Reason bring; But Diviner Fury fierce and high, Valour transported into Ecstasy; Which Angels looking on us from above, Use to convey into the Souls they love. Doctor Lluelin. ANd with this constant Principle possess't, He did alone expose his single Breast Against an Army's force, and bleeding lay, The Great Restorer of th' declining day. Thus slain thy Vasiant Ancestor did Lie, When his one Bark a Navy durst defy; When now encompassed round, he Victor stood, And bathed his Pinnace in his Conquering blood, Till all his purple Current dried and spent, He fell, and left the Waves his Monument. Where shall next famous Greenviles' Ashes stand? Thy Grandsire fills the Sea, and thou the Land. And there is a third Greenvile, the Right Honourable john Earl of bath, Sir Beviles Son and Heir (who having gone on so honourably all the War, the Chronicle whereof swells with his name) pursuing those great Actions his Father had begun in King Charles I. time, that my Lord Dighy and that King writing to the Queen about making him of the Prince's Bedchamber, declare him then the most deserving young Gentleman in England, and waited upon King Charles I. so faithfully, that as he had been witness of his Majesty's gracious intentions and thoughts towards his distracted Kingdoms abroad in his banishment; so he was the first Messenger between his Majesty and his Kingdoms in order to his miraculous return home, who should be the instrument of the Sons Restauration, but Sir Bevile Greenviles' Son, who had so nobly died in defence of the Father. And if there be any knowledge above among the blessed of what is done here below among us: its, King Charles' the Martyr's satisfaction, that his Son is restored to his Throne; and it adds to Sir Bevill Greenviles' bliss, that his heir is the first messenger in the Kingdom met in Parliament, of the Gracious Letters that accomplished that Restauration. And here will be the most proper place to mention Sir a Sir Richard Greenvile, who went with 600 l. he had of the Parliament toward a design to Oxford. Richard Greenvile, Sir, Beviles Brother, who stayed with the Parliament till two Treaties, and the great condescension of his Majesty brought him over first to correspondence, and when an opportunity offered its self of performing his Majesty a considerable service, by carrying over with him the Government of a very advantageous Port-Town, to actual service, contributing very much by possessing my Lord Robert's house, taking Lesterman Castle, and stopping most of the Passes which he understood very well, to the famous straight wherein the Earl of Essex was caught in in Cornwall: and a while after very active in besieging Col. Weldens Brigade, and the Town of Taunton both at one time. As he was up-the fatal defeat at Naseby in getting together 4 or 5 thousand Reformades in the Counties of Devonshire and Cornwall, where he pursued his Majesty's quarrel as long as he had either a Garrison or a Regiment, after the Treaty at Tresilian-bridge, made between my Lord Hopton and Sir ●. F. for disbanding the Western Forces, waiting on his Majesty that now is, to Scilly, Holland, France, etc. where he was very instrumental in laying the model of the second, or the Presbyterian War, understanding by a long converse with the Faction, their interest and humour of most of them by Sea and Land; and that failing, he followed his Majesty's fortune abroad while he lived, being accomplished as well with ingenious Arts, that rendered him company for a Prince in time of peace, as with those more severe, that made him serviceable to him in War; his youth and Sir Beviles being bred up in Exeter College to all gentile habits of Learning, Virtue, and Complaisance; yet in the midst of more soft pleasures as well as harder services, his solid mind admits nothing scandalous either to his Religion or Cause, both which a virtuous suffering, pitied by mankind advancing, as well as heroic attempts commended by them; the first in the eyes of all men, deserving that success which the last wanted: to which circumspect converse he added frequent conferences to his Masters in the good opinion of those near him; and an uninterrupted correspondence in the indefatigable way of Ciphers, to keep them upright in their duty that were at distance, salving all the strange Phaenomena of the Rebel's success, and his Majesty's misfortunes in entire discourses, which he kept of all transactions from first to last; besides that, he gained his Country much honour by his services to the Crowns of France and Spain, evincing that the King of great Britain in his very Banishment had such Attendants (his Court even then was the Scene of the most Heroic virtue in Europe) as could serve any Prince, and would one day restore their own: the very sight of whom, and some discourse with Sir R. Greenvile, etc. put many upon prophesying what we have lived to see particularly. The Archbishop of Avignon sent a Scheme drawn up by one Oneal, a great Mathematician, demonstrating that his Majesty should return 1660. to London with as great triumph in peace, as his blessed Father was 1641. driven out of it by tumults. Neither did Sir Richard come over alone to the King's service; for the attractive of his example brought along another eminent Parliament-man that had been very active in the West, by name Sir George Chudleigh, Sir George Chudleigh and his Deelaration, and why be deserted the Parliament with young Mr. Chudleigh, whose return broke the Earl of Strafford. who 1643. declared, That Petitions of Right are commendable, and Remonstrances may be lawful; but Arms, though defensive, are ever doubtful: my Lot (saith he) fell to be cast upon the Parliaments side, by a strong opinion of the goodness of their Cause, which to my judgement then appeared to be so; Religion and the Subjects Liberty seemed to me to be in danger, but the destruction of the Kingdom cannot be the way to save it: nor can the loss of Christian Subjects, nor the Subject's loss of their Estates by Plunder and Assessment consist with Piety, nor yet with propriety: As for Religion, his Majesty (whom God long preserve) hath given us unquestionable security. I have cast myself at my Sovereign's feet, and implored his gracious pardon. I will contend no more in words or deed. And this my resolution with the indisputable grounds thereof, I thought good to declare to my Friends and Countrymen, that they may understand my sitting (he means at Oxford,) to proceed from no compulsion. He and his Son, men of great Reputation in the West, redeeming their former miscarriage by very eminent services in Counsel and in Arms; and by this time, we see the reason why the men at Westminster who understood nothing but English, Proclaimed Sir Richard Greenvile Traitor in three Languages, and they which hated Images hanged him in Effigy, excepting him out of their pardon even for that very reason, for which God took him to his, even because he repented. Euge! virtus suis firmior erroribus uti confracta solidior a sunt ut plurimum ossa! nisi errassent Heroes paenitentes, fecerant minus. To these I may add Chammo Greenvile of Pughill Cornwall, who is 657 l. deep in their Books at Haberdashers, and Goldsmiths-hall; and Thomas Chudley of Aishton Devonshire. 430 l. THE Life and Death OF Sir CHARLES LUCAS. HAD not his Ancestor Sir Giles Lucas appeared in the Roll of the Essex Gentry, made 12 Hen. 6. 1433. nor his Kinsman Thomas Lucas Esq been Secretary and Counsellor to jasper Duke of Bedford and Earl of Pembroke 1385. had there not been a succession of Knights and Squires, Sheriffs and Justices of that County for eleven Kings Reigns; had he not been Brother to the most Illustrious Princess Margaret Duchess of Newcastle, a Lady admired in this Age, and to be understood in the next, which will be convinced by her that there is no Sex in the mind; and that the delicate Piece of the Creation we call Woman (having a Male-soul as well as we) was not only made for dalliance; And to the Right Honourable the a Whose Loyalty cost him at Goldsmiths-Hall 3634 l. as Sir Rob. Lucas of Lexton Essex did 0637. Tim. Lucas of ●enthon in Lincoln Esq 0750 I. Sir Charles Lucas 0508 I. Jo● Lucas of Devon 0325 I. Lord Lucas, the great instance of a learned, wise, and sober Nobility, who intending with Horse and Arms to wait on his Majesty in the North, Aug. 22. 1642. was discovered, surprised, plundered to a great value, carried to London and imprisoned there till he gave 40000 l. Bail to appear upon summons, and not to depart London without leave. One of the first that suffered for his Loyalty in his Country, and one of the forwardest (when he arrived at Oxford) where he was made Baron Lucas of Shenfield, jan. 3. 1644. 20 Car. I. in asserting it by sober Counsel, and by a well-guided Arms in others. Sir Charles Lucas had worth enough to raise a Family himself, being the b 〈…〉 ap●ean in the H●ad of the Army. first that entered the breach at Breda the last Siege, when Cornet of Horse to Sir Io. Coniers in the Low-Countries; where the sweet generosity of his nature to all men (his soul being universalized) especially those of his own noble disposition (there one might have seen running 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and he would ever have emptied his soul into theirs. The greatness of his spirit, whose soul came into the world (as the Chaldee Oracle phraseth it) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, clothed with a great deal of mind. more impregnated than others with rich notions, which by way of Theory he comprehended exactly from books, and by way of practice from experience and observation, together with his prudent reach, unwearied patience, close watchfulness, settled integrity, circumspect activity, advantageous temperance, and good conversation, gained the repute of the best Commander of Horse in the world; in which capacity he had the Command of a Colonel in the Show, as he called it, against Scotland; and of General of Horse in the real War against the English, and that in the North assisting the Earls of Cumberland and Newcastle, to form an Army where the best Horse were to be raised; from whence after some notable defeats of the Lord Fairfax, which some said were remembered at Colchester, he carried 2000 Horse to assist his Majesty, with whom we find him eminent both for his direction and execution about the hill near Newberry and E●born-Heath, which he maintained with one Regiment well disposed and lined with Musqueteers, and a Drake, with small shot against the gross of E●●ex his Army● the Leading-man of which he Pistolled himself in the Head of hi● Troop, giving close fire himself, and commanding others to do the like. After this first battle of Newberry, and his recovery fro● his seven wounds received there, being at Cawood Castle, when it was assaulted, with extraordinary skill and valour he forced his way through the enemy's quarters to such places as he thought convenient, with such confidence and magnanimity, that his very name became a terror in the North, raising by the very Alarm three Sieges, and reducing two strong Garrisons. At c Where he was taken Prisoner. Marston-Moor being commanded to lead the King's Left Wing against the Parliaments Right, consisting of Fairfax his Troops and Scots, he routed them for two miles together with a violent Charge; and afterwards saved most of those that were saved in that fatal battle, making it his business to pick up a Regiment of Veteranes, (saying, He must make much of a Soldier, for he was long in the making; and not one in twenty lived to it.) At Newark he gave as great a proof of his good Discipline, as he did of his personal Valour; strict, though not severe in his Commands, being none of those that reckoned it the very spirit of Policy and Prudence, where men refuse to come up to Orders and Law, to make Orders and Law come down to them; and for their so doing have this infallible Recompense, that they are not at all the more loved, but much the less feared: and which is a sure consequence of it, accordingly respected. Disobedience, if complied with, is infinitely encroaching, and having gained one degree of Liberty upon indulgence, will demand another upon claim. Free in his rewards to persons of desert and quality; very zealous on all occasions against the Rebellion, being usually known to deliver himself in these words, That he preferred the style of Loyalty before any Dignity earth could confer upon him. In his Charge serious and vigilant: remiss in nothing that might expedite or improve his dispatch in Affairs of Government; as compassionate as courageous, never killing the man he durst spare, and very ready at all times to afford what himself could not receive, Freequarter; to which I need add only his brave and successful Attempt in the famous march from Berkley Castle with part of his Regiment between Slymbridge and Bev●rston Castle, upon Col. Massies Garrisons, with his incomparable Gallantry at Tidbury, his brave answer at Berkley Castle at the refusal of two summons, viz. That he would eat Horseflesh ●irst, and Mans-flesh when that was done, before he would yield. But having trod many uncouth parts for his Majesty's restitution, and breaking his Parol with the General, upon good advice (had before to satisfy his Conscience in that point) he form an hopeful Association among the Gentlemen of his own Country, (the beginning whereof was indeed so distracted, that he advised them to retire quietly to their own homes, until they had a fairer opportunity) who entreated him to command them (promising to live and die with him one and all) as he did, securing them on all hands by a party of choice Horse from the Incursions of the Enemy; and disposing them in Quarters most for their advantage and safety all along, till (taking the Earl of Warwick's House and Arms in his way) they came from Burnt-wood to Colchester, which shutting the gates against him, he reduced with his very appearance, and when the next day begirt, he entertained the Enemies whole Army with such Conduct and Resolution in the hedges, and Suburbs round the Town, that had they all sallied out as he advised them, they had (as some Prisovers acknowledged) bidden fair for the overthrow of that whole Army. But the enemy falling next day to form a Leaguer, he (considering there was no marching out of the Country about, being Champion ground, wherein for want of Horse they would be instantly cut off) Victualled and furnished the Town in spite of the Army from the a Sir Cha●les giv●ng out of his tenderness to his Country, special order to drive nonce cattle, but known enemies. Stores and Country adjoining; and made its ruins above belief defensible (to give time to other Countries, while the Army was there to Associate, expecting the Northern relief) and likewise to weather the Army its self by hard duty, unseasonable weather, and continual sallies, sending out some excellent Persons to countenance the Levy of more Forces in other Countries, and keep intelligence, from whom several small parties came in through the Leaguer: and ordering all the Town Arms into the Magazine, and listing the Townsmen into Companies. july 7. Sir Charles and Sir George Lisle made a grand Sally, that cleared one side of the Leaguer, Streets, Hills, Hedges and all, to the loss of near a thousand six hundred killed, several stealing into the Town, and many running home. july 12. Sir Charles took care for a convenient distribution of the Provision left among the a Toward whom, as his Town. -to●n people, Sir Charles●as ●as very tender and merciful. Towns-people and Soldiers, and of Declarations to be sent into Kent and Essex, and to the Army, promising from his Majesty, Arrears; and Indemnity to such as laid down their Arms, or would join with them towards the Peace and Settlement of the Kingdom. july 29. Sir Charles advised that the Horse should break out through the Leaguer towards the North, but in vain, the false Townsmen, that should make their way as Pioners, deserting them. August 17. He and the Lord Capell, in a Letter to the General, desired twenty days respite, to inform themselves about their intended Relief; and that being denied, the Relief failing, the great Northern Army beaten, their Ammunition spent to a Barrel and a half of Powder, and their Provision to two Horses and one Dog, the whole Kingdom stupid, and Sir Charles his admirable overture (after a general protestation, that they would not accept of dishonourable terms, nor desert one another) of a general Sally to perish nobly, or honourably Relieve themselves, being (when all things were ready to a minute for the executing of it) defeated, yielded; and by the General's order retired to the Kings-head, till Sir Charles was sent for, with Sir George Lisle, Colonel far, and Sir Bernard Gascoin, to a Council of War, by which he was Condemned to die immediately: Sir Charles ask b That brought the sad news. Ireton, By what authority? and being answered, By a Vote of a Council of War, grounded on an Order of Parliament, by which Order all that were found in Arms were to be proceeded against as Traitors: Replied, Alas! you deceive yourselves, make us Traitors, you cannot, but we are Conquered, and must be what you please to make us; and desired time to prepare himself till the morrow. Which being refused, telling them he desired it not out of any desire of life, or fear of death, for (said he) I scorn to ask my my life at your hands, but settle his c That he might not go out of the world with all his sins about him. Soul and Estate, He told them, he should be quickly ready, as after a most heavenly Prayer he was, saying, He had often looked death in the face, and now they should see he durst die. Adding (when he had pulled down his Hat, opened his Breast, the dwelling of Courage and Loyalty, and set his Hands to his Side) I am ready for you, now Rebels do your worst; whereat, being shot in four places, he fell down immediately dead. THE Life and Death OF Sir GEORGE LISLE. SIR George Lisle, an honest Booksellers Son (great streams run sometimes from muddy Springs) that having Trailed a Pike in the Low Countries, by keeping good Society and improving Company, Ever (as he would say) consorting with those most by whom he might accomplish himself best. By generous pleasing, and naturally bounteous disposition; by his great skill (above his years) gained by observation in the modern and ancient Militia, excelling in the Command of Foot, as a Esteemed the best in Europe. Sir Charles Lucas did that of Horse: By the great sense he had of Honour and Justice, was admitted into Inferior Commands in England, where his Valour without Ostentation, his Just and Cheerful Commands, without a Surly Imperiousness, rendered him so infinitely beloved and observed by his Soldiers, that with his Discipline and Courage, he led as in a Line, upon any services through the greatest danger and difficulty, that he was preferred to a Superior; in which capacity he had one quality of an obliging and knowing Commander, that never to the hour of his death would he Engage his Soldiers in that Action, wherein he would not hazard his own person, as at the last Newberry Fight (before his Majesty's face, who then Knighted him for it) leading his men in his b Whereupon th●y reported in London, that they saw a white Witch run up and down in his Majesty's Army. Shirt, both that they might see his Valour, and (it being Night) discern his Person, from whom they were to receive direction and courage at Brambdean-heath, where he gained and kept an advantageous Hill against all waller's Army, at the first Newberry Fight, where he Commanded the Forelorn-hope; at Nazeby, where he and the Lord Bard led the lefthand Tertia of Foot; and at the two Garrisons he held with the last, surrendering them with Oxford. He was approved and admired for his Judgement, Direction, Dispatches and Cheerfulness, Virtues that had special influence upon every common Soldier; especially in his three great Charges (in each whereof he came to the Butt-end of the Musket) for the first whereof, his Word was The Crown; for the second, Prince Charles'; and for the third, The Duke of York; resolving to have gone over all his Majesty's Children, as long as he had a Man to fight for them, or there was a Rebel to fight against them. Being in most of the Sallies in Colchester, and having three times scoured the Leaguer, with so much hazard, that he was twice taken Prisoner, but rescued he was to second Sir Charles, Lucas, as 〈◊〉 always desired to imitate him; saying over his Corpse, How soon is a brave spirit expired? we shall be together presently. Dispatching some Tokens to his friends in London, and expostulating with them, that c What a Christian note did be leave in Mr. Dolmans house near Nunnery that the p●●r, 〈◊〉, helpless men should be cared f●r. his life should be taken away in cold-bloud, when he had saved so many of theirs in hot, and praying for his Majesty and the Kingdom, he entertained grim death with a sprightly countenance, and heroic posture; saying, Now then Rebels and Traitors do your worst. It will be Embalming enough to these deserving persons, that King Charles the First, upon the news of their death, wept. Monument enough, that the very Parliament was amazed at it. Epitaph enough, that a great Man, and a great Traveller too protested, That he saw many dye, but never any with more Soldier or Christianlike resolution. THE Life and Death OF ARTHUR Lord CAPEL, Father to the Right Honourable, ARTHUR Earl of ESSEX. HIS privacy before the War was passed with as much popularity in the Country, as his more public appearance in it, was with Valour and Fidelity in the Field. In our too happy time of Peace, none more Pious, Charitable, and Munificent. In these more unhappy of our differences, none more Resolved, Loyal, and Active; the people loved him so well, that they chose him one of their Representatives; and the King esteemed him so much, that he sent for him as one of his Peers in Parliament, wherein the King and People agreed in no one thing, save a just kindness to my Lord Capel; who was one of those Excellent Gentlemen, whose gravity and discretion, the King said, He hoped would allay and fix the Faction to a due temperament (guiding some men's well-meaning zeal by such rules of Moderation, as are best both to preserve and restore the health of all States and Kingdoms) keeping to the dictates of his Conscience, rather than the importunities of the People, to what was just, than what was safe, save only in the Earl of strafford's Case, wherein he yielded to the public necessity with his Royal Master, but repent with him too, sealing his Contrition for that miscarriage with his blood, when he was more troubled for his forced Consent to that brave Persons Death, than for losing his own Life, which he ventured through the first a In the exposition whereof (said be) Divines otherwise disagreeing among themselves, ●gre●, as to our obedience to the Supreme Magistra●e, in obedience to whom I did what against the Law of England, and the world. I a man, an Englisheman, a Peer of the Realm, must ●ye fo●. War, and by his Engagement in the second. For after the Surrender of Oxford, he retired to his own house, but could not rest there, until the King was brought home to his, which all England endeavouring as one man, my Lord adventured himself at Colchester to extremity, yielding himself upon condition of Quarter, which he urged by the Law of Arms, That Law that (as he said on the Scaffold) governeth the World, and against the Law of God and Man (they are his own words) for keeping the b Which puts me in mind of one Master Whaley of Northampton, a great zealot in the Cause, who when some in Essex his Army began to ●●agger, would needs send them to Mr. Dod, just as he was a dying to be resolved, who telling, them, that he was not able to speak to them, and bid them look to what he had written upon the Fifth Commandment, where he had made it clear f●om the Word of God, that it was damnable to raise Arne up●n any prewhatsoever against a Prince, in which opinion, he said, he would die. Fifth Commandment, dying on the Scaffold at Westminster, with a courage that became a clear conscience, and a resolution befiting a good Christian, expressing that judicious piety in the Chamber of Meditation at his Death, that he did in his Book of Meditations in his Life; a piety, that (as it appeared by his dismission of his Chaplain, and the formalities of that times Devotion, before he came to the Scaffold) was rather his inward frame and habit, than outward ostentation or pomp; from the noble Sentiments whereof (as the Poet (not unhappily alluding to his Arms. A Lion Rampant, in Field Gules, between three Crosses) expresseth it.) Our Lion-like Capel undaunted stood, Beset with Crosses in a Field of Blood, As one that affrighted death, rather than affrighted by it. It being very observable, that a learned Doctor of Physic, present at the Opening and Embalming of this Lord, and the Duke Hamilton, delivered at a public Lecture; That the Lord Capel 's was the least heart, and the Duke the greatest that ever he saw, agreeable to the observation in Philosophy, that the spirits contracted within the least compass, are the cause of the greatest courage. Three things are considerable in this incomparable person. 1. His uninterrupted Loyalty, keeping pace with his life; for his last breath was spent in proclaiming King Charles the Second in the very face of his enemies, as known to him to be Virtuous, Noble, Gentle, Just, and a great Prince; A perfect Englishman in his Inclination. 2. His great merit and modesty, whereof King Charles the First writes thus to his Excellent Queen; There is one that doth not yet pretend, that deserves as well as any, I mean Capel; Therefore I desire Thy assistance to find out something for him before he ask. 3. The blessing of c In answer to his Prayer of Faith in his Letter to his wife the day he died. God be unto thee better than an Husband, and to my Children better than a Father. I am sure ●e is able to be so, I am confident he is graciously pleased to be so. God upon his Noble but Suffering Family, who was a Husband to his excellent Widow, and a Father to his hopeful Children, whom not so much their Birth, Beauty, and Portion (though they were eminent for these) as their Virtues, Married to the best Blood and Estates in the Land, even when they and the Cause they suffered for were at the lowest. It's the happiness of good men, though themselves miserable, that their Seed shall be Mighty, and their Generation Blessed. A Religious man that a H● used to s●y, i● he had been asked how many days in 〈◊〉 in 〈…〉 used to say (as his Tutor Dr. Pashe, under whom he was bred at Clare-hall in Cambridge) That when he had kept the Sabbath well, he found the greater blessing upon all he did afterwards; that was as good in all his private Relations, as in his several public Capacities, especially in that of a husband; of which state he saith, That it doubled his joys, divided his grief, and created new and unthought of contentments: A sober Gentleman that loved not to hear a man talk a greater variety of things than he could rationally discourse, and used only those Recreation● of which he could give a Philosophical account how they ref●e●hed b 〈…〉 his mind, or recovered his body; so good natured, that he would have all his Servants and Dependants his Friends; none stricter in the Discipline of his Family, none more obliging in the sweetness of his converse; Who would say he observed, that the disobedience of men to us, was no other than the punishment of our disobedience to God. The meekest man living that had the ar● as well as the grace, by yielding to pacify wrath. Of an happy mean and temperament between the too thin and open, and the too close, hating a troublesome nature as bad as an Infection. A diserect person that would not suffer the infelicity of one of his Affairs to distemper him so, as to lose all consideration to guide him in the rest, that had always c He would ha●e 〈…〉 a friend to advise, and an example to imitate, retaining the decency of his own natural evenness; saying, That he was a wiseman that was able to make wisemen his instruments. A good Father, that expected so much blessing in the Education of his Children, as he made prayers for them. Possin●●●●o● Lachrimarum Liberi perire: A good Christian that set apart half an hour every day of his retirement to think of Eternity, a good temper that would d 〈…〉 joined, and cannot see one another. fairly guide and not directly contradict any man● little regarding applause, knowing (as he would say notably) that the vulgar are easily tired with constant virtue, and as easily taken with a started novelty, and living not to various opinion, or favour, but conscience and wisdom; one that hated the flatterer, who would say, struck him before, and the ly●r that hit him behind, both in sensibly, both dangerously. A Nobleman that resolved to be happy by two things. e And by preventing inconveniences, with often thinking of the persons way and actions we love. 1. A moderate using of the present, and 2. An indifferent expectation of what is to come, and thought him a great Craftsmaster that could shadow the opposition that businesses have one with another; that esteemed that only his that he had Liberally or Charitably given, that observed it was not expenses but a carelesseness how and what we spend that ruineth an Estate: that desired to gain respect, not by little observances, but by a constant fair carriage, that entertained reports always with Queries, and a temperate Belief; that would say that every action of his that was unhappy, precipitated, and rash, that made his afflictions tolerable, by making his desires moderate: that used to say, that he scarce knew a man capable of a true friend. That writes of the most exalted fortune, that it hath little contentment without some popular good will, and therefore he advised the greatest man to be careful how he gave a public disgrace to the meanest person; He would say that there are so many circumstances in the way to an Estate or Greatness, that a peremptory man that went alone seldom attained either; that no man is so unhappy as that he must lie to live, and that there was a civil art to be free in f One of his sayings is, that a gentle acceptance of courtesies, is as material to maintain friendly Neighbourhood, as bountiful presents. courtesy, loving in Society, and heedful in observation. This excellent Personage declaring openly in the House of Lords, That the King's Majesty had granted so much for the security and peace of the Kingdom, that they who asked more, intended the disturbance of it; following his Majesty to York, and with other Lords attesting the integrity of his Majesty's Proceedings there in order to Peace; and promising to assist him with his Life and Fortune against all other pretended Authority, in case it came to a War, notwithstanding a summons from Westminster, to which he and others made a civil return; and an impeachment of High-Treason for going from Westminster to York at the King's Command, whereof he took no notice, settling his Estate in Sir Edward Capell and other trusties, who I find compounded for 4706 l. 07s. TWO d. Advanced his Majesty between eight and nine hundred Horse, and 12000 l. in Money and Plate; and if he had had the happiness of being employed in his own Country, the fatal error of that time, as he was far off in the borders of Wales, we had heard more of him; however we find him subscribing the Declarations of the Parliament at Oxford 1643. and the Messages for Peace from the Army in the field; attending his present Majesty to cornwall, where he was hurt in two or three several Engagements, once venturing himself very far to save the Foot: managing the Correspondence between him and the Members at Westminster, in order to an accommodation with great Caution against their subtle design, who would divide the Prince's Interest and his Fathers; following him to Scilly, jersey, and the Fleet then falling to him; whence he betakes himself home to form the design 1647, 1648. that was then brewing in the three Kingdoms for the safety and liberty of the King's Majesty, offering among others this consideration to a very eminent Person, viz. That this great truth (that the imprisoning, kill, or deposing of any Supreme Governor who is God's Minister in a Nation, is against the Will and Word of God) should be offered by the Clergy of England to be proved by Scripture; and (if not regarded) to be sealed with their blood, and with the Joynt-attestation of all Protestant Churches and Universities, as the great principle of Christian Doctrine about the Peace and Government of Kingdoms and Nations. And as he saith in his Letter, Feb. 11. 1647. thinking of little else in this world than what he should do for the preservation of his Sacred Majesty (than whose sufferings there was nothing greater, he said, except his virtues) as a Christian, a Subject, an Englishman, a Nobleman, and an obliged Servant; he caused a Rumour to be spread of his design, which put the General upon calling him in from his Parole, and upon his frank appearance he was dimissed till the Parliament should send for him; so being free from his engagement (which was as sacred to him as his Allegiance) he went to Colchester with all the Horse he had, and there encouraged the Soldiers by his own example, going with an Halberd on his shoulder to the watch and guard in his turn, paying six pence or twelve pence a shot for all the Enemy's Bullets the Soldiers could pick up; Charging the first day of the siege a● Head-gate (where the Enemy was most pressing) with a Pike, till the gate could be shut; which at last was but pinned with his Cane: and after the Murder of Sir Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lisle, when Whaley and Ewres were sent to tell him and the rest of the Lords and Gentlemen, that they should have quarter as Prisoners, answering them himself, That since the condition of those two Gentlemen, and theirs in reference to that service, were alike, they wished they had all run one hazard; and they had thanked the General more for saving the Lives of the two Knights, whom they had already executed, than for the grant of their own. From Colchester, my Lord was sent to the remotest Prison they could imagine from his own Country; and thence fetched up to the Tower, where (after a handsome escape over the water to Lambeth (wherein he was betrayed by the wretched Waterman that carried him over, who discovered him by his munificence, the Gold he gave him) he spent not his time in thoughts for his own Life, but for that of his Majesties, conjuring a Lord then sitting, to second their Vote against the Ordinance for Trial of his Majesty, with a resolute Declaration to all Kings, Princes, States, Potentates, and Nobility, to be signed by all the Lords, Judges, Lawyers, Divines, Gentry, and people of England; and this he pressed with most pathetic Arguments, whereof one was very remarkable, viz. That he understood by his dear-bought experience of those men of the Enthusiasm, that let them but meet a well-grounded and justificable Zeal, Courage, and Resolution, greater than their misguided fury to stem the Torrent of it, they would recollect, and as he said, observing some hesitation in their proceedings, who found it easier to Conquer a people, than to govern them against their Interest by a small part of themselves; it being easier to overthrow another Government, than to settle their own) in an excellent Letter from the Tower, jan. 9 1648. full of a Noble and Heroic Spirit, which he concludes with this expression, That it grieved him that he could do nothing else but rub his fingers upon Paper, an employment that fitted not his Genius. Give (saith he) but the people an honourable example, they will follow you, and vindicate both you and themselves from being as such a silly Generation, that they should suffer themselves to be cozened out of their good, known, and established Laws; and in the place of them be imposed upon by Imaginations and Dreams: to which he added another Letter, jan. 15. to a very great man in the Army, every line whereof runs with this vigour, against their proceedings. YOur Party is small and giddy, the thing its self is monstrous; the Lords and Commons under whom you fought are against you, all Princes and Protestants will abhor you, Scotland will be disunited from England, Ireland will be lost, Trade will be stopped by all Kings and States with people of so dangerous principles: all Nations will be ready to invade us, many of the Judges to sit upon the King will leave you, the Empire of the Sea will be lost, the Nation will be infamous to Posterity, the Protestant, yea, Christian Religion will receive a deadly blow to be revenged by all people that profess it: no man is sure of his life or any thing he hath, the most prudent Form of Rules the world hath known will be overthrown; a vast number of people are concerned in those Rules, no example will befriend you, all Potentates will be against you, and the Prince to be murdered, so excellent and knowing in the Art of Government, so loved, reverenced, and desired, that of all the Princes that that ever ruled the people, that were so happy in the first sixteen years of his Reign, were they to choose, would pitch upon him; and which is more, the only person in whom his enemies may find security, being otherwise like to be torn to pieces by their Fellow-subjects upon the least change; the express word of the great God in whose hands you are, is against you (Prov. 8. 15. 1 Sam 24, 5, 6. Prov. 24. 21, 22. Rom. 13. 1 Pet. 2. etc.) the Laws of the Land, your own Judges; yea, your own Oaths, Protestations, Covenants, Promises, and Pretences all along fly in your faces: the Prince, the two Dukes, and the numerous Royal issue should deter you; the Precipice of endless Wars and Desolations you are at the brink of, should affright you. Words big with his heart (which you may see at large at the end of his incomparable Book of Meditations) as appears by this close. I would to God my life could be a sacrifice to preserve his, could you make it an expedient to serve that end; truly I would pay you more thanks for it, than you will allow yourself for all your other Merits; from those you have most obliged, and die Your most Affectionate Friend. How readily he would have died for him, we may see in his cheerfulness to die with him; for being brought before an High Court of Justice (as it was called) within a month after, having offered brave Arguments from the Law of the Land, the Government of the Nation, the nullity of their Court, the benefit of his Peerage, and the Law that governed the world, meaning the Sword by which he was promised quarter for life; he heard the Villains ridiculous Sentence with a nobler spirit than they pronounced it; telling them, That they needed not have used those formalities to murder him. And March the ninth, the day appointed for the Assassination, having conjured his Lady in two Letters, That as she had always harkened to his advice, so she would then for his sake, and for his dear children's sake especially, to moderate her sorrows and apprehensions for him; I beseech thee (saith the excellent Person) take care of thy health, sorrow not unsoberly, unusually, but preserve thyself for the benefit of our dear Children; to whom the occasion of my death will be as much honour, as my death its self is now sadness. He kept himself in a very cheerful and well-composed temper of mind, till his parting with his dear Lady, which indeed was the saddest spectacle, writes a Reverend man, that ever I beheld. In which occasion he could not choose but confess a little of humane frailty; yet even then he did not forget both to Comfort and Counsel her, and the rest of his friends, particularly in blessing the young Lord, whom he commanded not to revenge his death, though it should be in his power, entreating the like of his Lady; adding to his Son a Legacy out of David's Psalms, viz. Lord lead me in a plain path, for Boy (said he) I would have you a a Such as all the ●am●ly were observed to be. Si● Arthu● Capel 〈◊〉 so plain ● man that a L●dsman co●ing to his 〈…〉 been to h●ld h●● h●●se until he had wa●●ed upon Sir Arthur Capel● as he d●d, till the Servants came out and discovered to him his error. plain honest man, and hate dissimulation. This being over, which he said was the hardest part of his life in this world; he dealt seriously with a Reverend Minister about his heart and his sins, reflecting much upon his Cowardly compliance with (as he called it) and fear of a prevailing party, his 〈◊〉 my Lord of strafford's death, and then addressed himself to the blessed Sacrament (as he would call it emphatically) (after a private prayer of half an hour long, in an excellent method, very apt expressions, and a most strong, hearty, and passionate affections for his Sins, for his Relations, for the King, Church, and State, and for his Enemies) with great Humility, Zeal, and Devotion, confessing himself much better, stronger, and ●hearfuller for that heavenly repast: and after that, he desired the Reverend Person that administered, to pray preparatively to his death, that in the last action he might behave himself as might be most for God's glory, for the indearing of his dead Master's Memory, and for the advancing of his present Master's Service; and that he might avoid the saying or doing any thing which might savour either of vanity or sullenness. Whence ascending the Scaffold in the Palace-yard Westminster, and forbidding all Effeminate tears about him, he very Christianly forgave his Enemies and Executioner; very resolutely declared his Faith (dying in the blessed Profession as he called it, of the Church of England) and his hope, professing that he loved good works well, for which he had been suspected a Papist, but his Anchor-hold, which was Jesus, loved him, and gave himself for him He very courageously owned his late Master's Cause and Person, whom he declared there (after a consideration he had, being a very excellent Scholar,) of all the Images of Princes that ever were, that he was the most virtuous and sufficient Prince known in the world; very heartily prayed for the Restauration of his then Sovereign, his people, and the people's Obedience, Peace, and Prosperity under him, and very solemnly desiring the people's earnest, but secret prayer (with holy Ejaculations, that God Almighty would stench that issue of Blood; adding, This will not do the business, God Almighty find some way to do it:) And encouraging the Executioner to strike boldly, with noble expressions and a generous reward, having ordered his body to be delivered to his Servant, unstripped, he died with one blow, the great Pattern of true Christian Nobility, doing his Majesty much service in his exemplary life, and like Samson, more in his Heroic death. The blond of Holy Martyrs is the seed of their Cause. Arthurus Baro Capell Cui non tam hominis quam virtutis nomini assurgat quicquid est uspiam nobilioris ordinis, & exemplar legate potius quam Epitaphium, conscia simplicitas Recti, Sanctae Inscia fraudis Religio; cicur ac laxo loro Frenabile Ingenium, secure ●ides, amor acer; & amoris omina, cor Integrum; syncera lingua mentis purae Interpres vittata Pudici sensa exprimens animi: Nova Gratiarum spes Capellus ortu, vita, obitu Intra sidem, supra opinionem cui Pri●us labor Anglorum Libertatem rogare sed a tyrannis; frustra nimirum rogantur quibus aures in Oculis, manu igitur quam lingua facundior, ut aures audiant oculos terret. ut Populo Imperaret Deo Paruit, Alterno enim faedere, Religionem Princeps Religio principem servat, sacrae Militiae authoratus; Primus in procinctu martem ‛ Lacessit; non cessurus nisi victoria ‛ Receptui canat; quae precepit Incepit ipse ‛ Male Imperat, qui Imperat tantum & praepostere pugnatur; Cum dux ab Agmine ducitur, non agmen a duce: Pro religione Pugnavit religiosus Quam vel Amissam Generosos. In pectore invenisses miles sine militum vitiis; qui faediores ab intimis hostibus referunt plagas quam extimis Inferunt. Libertatem asseruit Dominus Populo nec servitutis patient, nec Libertatis Capaci; utpote qui rerum Ignarus in Libertate servitium amavit in servitio Libertatem. Instar Coeli motu firmissimus; Peripateticus plane Heros multum sapuit errando. Quanta virtute sola ferri sui acie a At Torington where he saved the l●ves of above a 〈◊〉 men by a gallant retreat, which ●st ●im s●●c●ainoun●s. aciem universam saepe tutatus primum in Adversos telum torsit, emeritus consilio pugnavit utilius enim reguntur bella quam geruntur; calamo confodiens hosts quibus gladio cessit, in Pace pugnax in Pugna Pacates, oceumbendo vicit, vincendo occubit; Primus post obitum triumphavit Fortia moribundus facile dixit, vivus facilius fecit, omnium de●ique laudum compendium esto, quod fuerit omnium laudum compendium. Richard Capel of Buck-fastley Devon Esq and Richard his Son, with 30 l. per annum settled, Compounded for 1497l. 10s. 00 THE Life and Death OF JOHN Lord BYRON, With his four Brothers. A True Englishman of a French Extract, that had all the spirit of the great Byron of France, but none of his fury; honest Sir john Byron (as Kings called him, the Son of honest Sir john Byron, trusted with the peace of his Country Notingham-shire, the 10 th'. of King Charles I. as Sheriff, and of the Kingdom the 17 th'. as a Commander; he brought a great appearance to his Majesty's Standard at Nottingham, and a round sum to his supply at Shrewsbery: He went off upon the Vote about the Militia of the Kingdom from Parliament; and endeared himself by a And his giving the King warning to look to the Magazines of each County, he finding not 〈◊〉 barrels of Powder in his own (so dangerously complying s●me were with that enemy) at the Scots Invast● on. bringing in the Arms and Ammunition of Nottinghamshire to the King. The States committed to him the whole care of their Ordnance and Ammunition; and therefore his Majesty commended to him the Lieutenancy of the Tower of London; he had declared himself so freely against the Conspiracy, that the Parliament would not be quiet till he had quitted his place to that old Low-Country Soldier, Sir john Coniers, being dismissed by his Majesty with this Character, That he was a person against whom there could be no exceptions. From Nottinghamshire, he passed with some Troops to countenance the Commission of Array in other Counties, and particularly in Oxford-shire, to secure the University from the Rebels; and the Scholars and their Plates for his Majesty, when assaulted by the Forces of Northampton, and betrayed by the Town of Brackley, so that he lost his Carriages and Cabinet, he writes to Mr. Clark, of Craughton, in whose Custody they were, to restore them; Which if you do (saith he) I shall represent it to his Majesty as sty as an acceptable service; if not, assure yourself I shall find a time with advantage to re-pay myself out of your Estate, and consider that as Rebellion is a weed of an hasty growth, so it will decay as suddenly; and that there will be a time for the King's Loyal Subjects to repair their losses sustained by Rebels and Traitors. Upon the sending of which Letter to the Parliament, and their proclaiming him and his Adherents Traitors for their Allegiance to their Sovereign, he marched to Worcester, a very commodiously situated place, taking it in, and Garrisoning it, decoying thither the Lord Say, Colonel Nath. Fines, and Sandys, into a trap by a mistake of Prince Rupert, for the Earl of Essex; and gaining the first Victory and Reputation to his Majesty's Side and Party, which was judged never able either to form an Army, or to aim at Victory. How valiantly and warily he led on the King's a As he did at Roundway down. Horse at the first Newberry Fight, when Col. Middleton protested there was no dealing with Byron, who would give no advantage is well known; and how prudently and industriously he pursued his Majesty's Interest about Wales, where he was Field Martial General, may be guessed by the Command given him of that Important Place, both for passage into Ireland, and Westchester, and power over the Circuit of four Counties for Contribution, where his Honourable and Obliging Deportment, his judicious Works, his frequent Sallies, his great Word, Cconsider (so much you know as you consider) his magnanimous performance in most Storms in Person, his great Art of keeping both Town and Garrison, contented with Cats, Dogs, yea, and those failing, with but one meal in three days, while there was any hope of Relief, refusing nine summons, and not answering the tenth, till his messenger returned with assurance, that there was no hope of relief, when he yielded upon the most honourable terms for himself and the whole Garrison, that were given in England, except those he afterwards gained at Caernarvon, having endured a long and gallant Siege; the benefit whereof he enjoyed, with a notable escape or two, to rally the decayed and scattered spirits of the Kingdom into further attempts for his Majesty, travelling invisibly and with incredible speed from place to place for a year together, not sleeping four nights together in a place for a year, till the fatal drowsiness hanging over the Kingdom, put him upon taking his rest too, and withdrawing to France to follow his ingenious Studies, which the War had interrupted in the course, but not in the effect of them; his admirable discourse to his Mother, discovering b There is this rol● of this noble Name in Goldsmiths-hall. 1. RichBiron Eqs; S●●elli N●rini Esq 128l. Gilbere Byron, Newsted N●t Esq 186l. Edward Byron Esq 1 164 l. besides that, all these noble Brother Estate were wholly siquestred. him as complete a Scholar, him as complete a Scholar, as he was an accomplished Gentleman; dying oppressed with the sad thoughts of the consequence of the horrid Murder of his sacred Master about 1650. whose Monument is supported by four excellent Brothers. I. Sir Philip Byron, a Gentleman of a wide and capacious soul to grasp much, and of an enlarged heart to communicate it, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. a Servant of love; a great Master of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Art of love, as if, with Socrates, he that knew every thing, knew nothing but how to love. After many signal services in Yorkshire, in each whereof there was always observed something of a judicious stratagem, in a general Storm by the whole Parliament Army upon Tork, he was killed in the Head of his Regiment, which never went out but he would tell them, That never brave man came to any thing that resolved not either to Conquer or perish, July 19 1644. II. The Right Honourable Sir Richard now Lord Byron of Rochdale, succeeding his noble Brother in that honour King Charles. I. Octob. 24. 1643. invested him with, to be Chronicled for his Government in, and many surprises of the enemy about Newark. III. Sir Nicholas Byron, as excellent a Commander of Foot, as Sir john was of Horse, one of those 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Lifeguard of the world by his Piety, and by his Prudence, a person whom his late Majesty in all Engagements would have always near him. IV. Sir Robert Byron, (all Colonels in his Majesty's Army) this last excellent Person, higher in his relation to God by his second Birth (contingit sanguine Coelum) than to his Noble Family by his first. All these Heroes deserving that Epitaph the great Family De Haro have always upon their Graves, viz. Regum subditi & amici. THE Life and Death OF Dr. JOHN BRAMHALL, Lord Arch●bishop of Armagh, etc. HE was bred in Cambridge, in Sidney College under Mr. Hulet, a grave and a worthy man, and he showed himself not only a fruitful Plant by his great progress in his Studies, but made him another return of gratitude, taking care to provide him a good Employment in Ireland, where he than began to be greatly interested. It was spoken as an honour to Augustus Caesar, that he gave his Tutor an honourable Funeral; and Marcus Antonius erected a Statue unto his; and Gratian the Emperor made his Master Ausonius to be Consul: And our worthy Primate, knowing the obligation which they pass upon us, who do Obstetricari gravidae animae, help the parturient Soul to bring forth fruit according to its seminal powers, was careful, not only to reward the industry of such persons so useful to the Church in the cultivating infants plamarum, young Plants, whose joints are to be stretched and made straight, but to demonstrate that his Scholar knew how to value his Learning, when he knew so well how to reward the Teacher. Having passed the course of his studies in the University, and done his Exercise with that Applause, which is usually the reward of pregnant Wits and hard, he was removed into Yorkshire; where first in the City of York he was an assiduous Preacher, but by the disposition of the Divine Providence, he happened to be engaged at North-Alerton in Disputation with three pragmatical Romish Priests of the Jesuits Order, whom he so much worsted in the Conference, and so shamefully disadvantaged by the evidence of the Truth, represented wisely and learnedly, that the famous Primate of York Archbishop Matthews, a learned and an excellent Prelate, and most worthy Preacher, hearing of that Triumph, sent for him, and made him his Chaplain; in whose service he continued until the death of the Primate, but in that time had given so much Testimony of his great Dexterity in the Conduct of Ecclesiastical and Civil Affairs, that he grew dear to his Master. In that employment he was made Prebendary of York, and then of Rippon; the Dean of which Church, having made him his Subdean, he managed the Affairs of the Church so well, that he soon acquired a greater same, and entered into the possession of many hearts, and admiration to those many more that knew him. There, and at his Parsonage he continued long to do the duty of a learned and good Preacher, and by his Wisdom, Eloquence, and Deportment, so gained the affections of the Nobility, Gentry, and Commons of that Country, that as at his return thither upon the Restauration of his most sacred Majesty, he knew himself obliged enough, and was so kind as to give them a visit, so they by their coming in great numbers to meet him, their joyful Reception of him, their great caressing of him while he was there, their forward hopes to enjoy him as their Bishop, their trouble at his departure, their unwillingness to let him go away, give signal Testimonies that they were wise and kind enough to understand and value his great worth. But while he lived there, he was like a Diamond in the dust, (or Lucius Quintius at the plough) his low fortune covered a most valuable person, till he came to be discovered by Sir Thomas Wentworth Lord Precedent of York, whom we all knew for his great Excellencies, and his great, but glorious Misfortunes. This rare person espied the great abilities of Dr. Bramhall, and made him his Chaplain, and brought him into Ireland, as one whom he believed would prove the most fit Instrument to serve in that design, which for two years before his Arrival here, he had greatly meditated and resolved the Reformation of Religion, and the Reparation of the broken fortunes of the Church. The Complaints were many, the Abuses great, the Causes of the Church vastly numerous, but as fast as they were brought in, so fast were they referred back by the Lord Deputy to Dr. Bramhall, who by his indefatigable pains, great sagacity, perpetual watchfulness, daily and hourly Consultations, reduced things to a more tolerable condition than they had been left in by Schismatical principles of some and unjust Prepossessions of others for many years before. For at the Reformation, the Popish Bishops and Priests seemed to conform, and did so, that keeping their Bishoprics they might enrich their kindred, and dilapidate the Revenues of the Church; which, by pretended-Offices, false Informations, Fee-farms at contemptible Rents, and ungodly Alienations, were made low as Poverty itself, and unfit to minister to the needs of them that served the Altar, or the noblest purposes of Religion; for Hospitality decayed, and the Bishops were easily to be oppressed by those that would, and they complained, but for a long time had no helper, till God raised that glorious Instrument the Earl of Strafford, who brought over with him as great Affections to the Church, and to all public Interests, and as admirable abilities as ever before his time did invest and adorn any of the King's Vicegerents: and God fitted his hand with an Instrument good, as his skill was great. For the first specimen of his Abilities and Diligence in the recovery of some lost Tithes, being represented to his late Majesty of blessed and glorious Memory, it pleased his Majesty upon the death of Bishop Downham, to advance the Doctor the Bishopric of Derry, which he not only adorned with an excellent spirit, and a wise Government, but did more than double the Revenue, not by taking away any thing from them to whom it was due, but by resuming something of the Church's Patrimony, which by undue means was detained in unsitting hands; But his care was beyond his Diocésse, and his zeal broke out to warm all his Brethren; and though by reason of the favour and Piety of King james, the escheated Counties were well provided for their Tithes, yet the Bishoprics were not so well, till the Primato, than Bishop of Derry, by the favour of the Lord Lieutenant, and his own incessant and assiduous labour and wise Conduct, brought in divers Impropriations, canceled many unjust Alienations, and did restore them to a condition much more tolerable; for he raised them above contempt, yet they were not near to envy; but he knew there could not in all times be wanting too many that envied to the Church every degree of Prosperity: So judas did to Christ, the expense of Ointment; and so Dionysius told the Priest when himself stole the Golden Cloak from Apollo, and gave him one of Arcadian homespun, that it was warmer for him in Winter, and colder in Summer. And so ever since the Church by God's blessing, and the favour of Religious Kings and Princes, and pious Nobility, hath been endowed with fair Revenues; inimicus homo, the enemy hath not been wanting by pretences of Religion, to take away God's portion from the Church, as if his word were intended as an Instrument to rob his Houses. But when the Israelites were governed by a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and God was their King, and Moses his Lieutenant, and things were of his management, he was pleased, by making great provisions for them that ministered in the service of the Tabernacle, to consign this truth for ever; That Men as they love God, at the same rate are to make provisions for his Priests. But this to no other end, than to represent upon what Religious grounds the then Bishop of Derry did, with so much care and assiduous labour endeavour to restore the Church of Ireland to that splendour and fullness, which did much conduce to the honour of God and of Religion. This wise Prelate rarely well understood it, and having the same advantage and blessing as we have now, a Gracious King and a Lieutenent, Patron of Religion and the Church, he improved the ●●posita Pietatis, Tract. 25. in Sl. Matth. as Origen calls them, The Gauges of Piety, which the Religion of the ancient Princes and Nobles of this Kingdom had bountifully given, to such a comfortable competency, that though there be place for present and future piety to enlarge it, yet no man hath reason to be discouraged in his duty; insomuch, that as I have heard from a most worthy hand, that at his going into England, he gave account to the Archbishop of Canterbury of 30000 l. a year, in the recovery of which, he was greatly and principally instrumental. But the Goods of this World are called Waters by Solomon; stolen waters are sweet, and they are too unstable to be stopped: Some of these Waters did run back from their Channel, and return to another Course than God and the Laws intended, yet his labours and pious Counsels were not the less acceptable to God and to good Men; and therefore by a thankful and honourable recognition, the Convocation of the Church of Ireland hath transmitted in Record to Posterity, their deep resentment of his singular services, and great abilities in this whole affair. And this honour will for ever remain to that Bishop of Derry; he had a Zer●bbabel, who repaired the Temple, and restored its beauty; but he was the joshuah, the Highpriest, who under him ministered this blessing to the Congregations of the Lord. But his care was not determined in the exterior part only and accessaries of Religion, he was careful, he was prosperous in the interior, to reduce that Divine and Excellent Service of our Church to public and constant Exercise, to Unity and Devotion, and to cause the Articles of the Church of England to be accepted, as the rule of public Confessions and Persuasions here, that they might be populus unius labii, of one Heart and of one Lip, building up our hopes of heaven upon a most holy Faith; and taking away that Shibboleth which made this Church lisp too undecently, or rather, in some little degree, to speak the Speech of Ashdod, and not the Language of Canaan; and the excellent and wise pains he took in this particular, no man can demonstrate or reproach, but he that is not willing to confess that the Church of England is the best Reformed Church in the World. God by the prosperity of his labours, and a blessed effect, gave testimony, not only of the piety and wisdom of his purposes, but that he loves to bless a wise instrument, when it is vigorously exerted in a wise and religious labour. He overcame the difficulty, in defiance of all such pretences as were made even from Religion itself, to obstruct the better procedure of real and material Religion. These were great things, and matter of great envy, and like the Fiery Eruptions of Vesuvius, might with the very Ashes of Consumption have buried another man. At first indeed, as his blessed Master, most Holy Jesus had, so he also had his annum acceptabilem. At first the product was nothing but great admiration at his stupendious parts, and wonder at his mighty diligence, and observation of his unusual zeal in so good and great things: But this quickly passed into the natural Daughters of Envy, Suspicion, and Detraction, the spirit of Obloquy and Slander. His zeal for recovering of the Church Revenues, was called Oppression and Rapine, Covetousness and Injustice; his care of reducing Religion to wise and justifiable Principles, was called Popery and Arminianism, and I know not what names; which signify what the Authors are pleased to mean, and the People to construe and to hate. The intermedial prosperity of his person and fortune, which he had as an earnest of a greater reward to so well meant labours, was supposed to be the production of illiberal arts and ways of getting; and the necessary refreshment of his wearied spirits, which did not always supply all his needs, and were sometimes less than the permissions even of prudent charity, they called Intemperance: Dederunt enim malum Motelli Naevio● poetae; their own surmises were the three Bills of Accusation, and the splendour of his great 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or doing of good works, was the great probation of all their calumnies. But if Envy be the Accuser, what can be the Defences of Innocence? Saucior invidiae morsu, quaerenda medola est, Dic quibus in terris sentiet aeger opem? Our B.S. knowing the unsatisfiable angers of Men, if their Money or Estates were meddled with, refused to divide an Inheritance amongst Brethren: It was not to be imagined, that this great person (invested, as all his Brethren were, with the infirmities of Mortality, and yet employed in dividing, and recovering, and apportioning of Lands) should be able to bear all that reproach which jealousy, and suspicion, and malicious envy, could invent against him. But 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, said Sophocles: And so did he, the affrightments brought to his great fame andreputation, made him to walk more warily, and do justly, and walk prudently, and conduct his affairs by the measures of the Laws as far as he understood, and indeed that was a very great way: But there was aperta justitia, clausa Manut, Justice was open, but his Hand was shut, and though every Slanderer could tell a Story, yet none could prove that ever he received a Bribe to blind his Eyes, to the value of a Pair of Gloves. It was his own expression, when he gave Glory to God who had preserved him Innocent. But because every man's Cause is right in his own Eyes, it was hard for him so to acquit himself, that in the Intrigues of Law, and Difficult Cases, some of his enemies should not seem (when they were heard alone) to speak reason against. But see the greatness of Faith and Prudence, and how greatly God stood with him, when the numerous Armies of vexed people, Turba gravis paci placidaeque inimica quieti, heaped up Catalogues of Accusations, when the Parliament of Ireland, imitating the violent Procedures of the then disordered English; when this glorious Patron was taken from his Head, and he was disrobed of his great defences; when the Petitions were invited, and Accusations furnished, and Calumny was rewarded and managed with Art and Power, when there was above two hundred Petitions put in against him, and himself denied leave to answer by Word of Mouth; when he was long Imprisoned and Treated, so that a guilty man would have broken into affrightment, and pitiful, and low considerations; yet than he standing almost alone, like Callimachus at Marathon, invested with Enemies, and covered with Arrows, defended himself beyond all the powers of Guiltiness, even with the defences of Truth, and the bravery of Innocence, and answered the Petitions in Writing sometimes twenty in a day, with so much Clearness, Evidence of Truth, Reality of Fact, and Testimony of Law, that his very Enemies were ashamed and convinced; they found that they had done like Aesop's Viper, they licked the File till their Tongues bled, but himself was wholly invulnerable. They were therefore forced to leave their Muster-rolls, and decline their Particulars, and fall to their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to accuse him for going about to subvert the Fundamental Laws; the way by which great Strafford and Canterbury fell; which was a device, when all reasons failed, to oppress the Enemy by the bold Affirmation of a Conclusion they could not prove; they did like those Gladiatores, whom the Romans called Re●iaries, when they could not Stab their Enemies with their Daggers, they threw Nets over him, and covered him with a general mischief. But the Martyr King Charles the First, of most Glorious and Eternal Memory, seeing so great a Champion likely to be oppressed with numbers and despair, sent what rescue he could, his Royal Letter for his Bail, which was hardly granted to him; and when it was, it was upon such hard terms, that his very delivery was a persecution. So necessary it was for them, who intended to do mischief to the public, to take away the strongest Pillars of the House. This thing I remark, to acquit this great man from the tongue of slander which had so boldly spoken, that it was certain some thing would stick, yet was impotent and unarmed, that it could not kill that great same which his greater worthiness had procured him. It was said of Hipp●sus the Pythagorean, that being asked how and what he had done; he answered, Nondum nihil, neque enim mihi adhuc invidetur; I have done nothing yet, for no man envies me. He that doth great things, cannot avoid the tongues and teeth of envy: But if Calumnies must pass for Evidences, the bravest Hero's must always be the most reproached persons in the world. Nascitur Aetolicus, pravam ingeniosus ad omne; Qui facere assuerat, patriae non degeneratis, Candida de nigris & de candentibus atra. Every thing can have an ill name and an ill sense put upon it; but God, who takes care of Reputations, as he doth of lives, by the order of his providence confutes the slander, ut memoria justorum sit in benedictionibus, that the Memory of the Righteous might be embalmed with honour: And so it happened to this great man, for by a public warranty, by the concurrent consent of both Houses of Parliament, the libellous Petitions against him, the false Records and public Monuments of injurious shame were cancelled, and he was restored in integrum, to that fame where his great labours and just procedures had first Estated him; which though it was but justice, yet it was also such honour, that it is greater than the virulence of tongues, his worthiness and their envy had armed against him. But yet the great Scene of troubles was but newly opened, I shall not refuse to speak yet more of his troubles, as remembering that St. Paul, when he discourses of the glory of the Saints departed, he tells more of their Sufferings, than of their Prosperities, as being that Laboratory and Crysable in which God makes his Servants Vessels of honour to his glory. The storm quickly grew high, & transitum a linguis ad gladios, and that was indeed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Iniquity had put on Arms, when it is armata nequitia, than a man is hard put to it. The Rebellion breaking out, the Bishop went to his Charge at Derry, and because he was within the defence of the Walls, the execrable Traitor Sir Phelim O Neal, laid a snare to bring him to a dishonourable death; for he wrote a Letter to the Bishop, pretended intelligence between them, desired that according to their former agreement, such a Gate might be delivered to him. The Messenger was not advised to be Cautious, not at all instructed in the Art of Secrecy, for it was intended, that he should be searched, intercepted, and hanged for aught they cared: but the Arrow was shot against the Bishop, that he might be accused for base conspiracy, and die with shame and sad dishonour. But here God manifested his mighty care of his Servants, he was pleased to send into the heart of the Messenger such affrightment, that he directly ran away with the Letter, and never came near the Town to deliver it. This story was published by Sir Phelim himself, who added, that if he could have thus ensnared the Bishop, he had good assurance the Town should have been his own: Sed bonitas Dei praevalitura est super omnem v●alitionem hominis. The goodness of God is greater than all the malice of men, and nothing so could prove how dear that Sacred Life was to God, as his rescue from the dangers. Stantia non poterant tecta probare Deos: To have kept him in a warm house had been nothing, unless the Roof had fallen upon his Head; that rescue was a remark of Divine Favour and Providence. But it seems Sir Phelim's Treason against this worthy man had a correspondent in Town, and it broke out speedily; for what they could not effect by a malicious stratagem, they did in part by open force; they turned the Bishop out of Town, and upon trifling and unjust pretences, searched his Carriages, and took what they pleased, till they were ashamed to take more: They did worse than Divorce him from his Church, for in all the Roman Divorces, they said, Tuas tibi res habeto, Take your Goods and be gone; but Plunder was Religion then. However, though the usage was sad, yet it was recompensed to him, by taking Sanctuary in Oxford, where he was graciously received by that most incomparable and divine Prince; but having served the King in Yorkshire by his Pen, and by his Counsels, and by his Interests, returned back to Ireland; where under the excellent Conduct of his Grace the now Lord Lieutenant, he ran the risk and fortune of oppressed virtue. But God having still resolved to afflict us, the good man was forced into the fortune of the Patriarches to leave his Country and his Charges, and seek for safety and bread in a strange Land, for so the Prophets were used to do, wand'ring up and down in Sheep's Clothing, but poor as they were, the world was not worthy of them; and this worthy Man, despising the shame, took up his Cross, and followed his Master. Exilium causa ipsa jubet sibi dulce videri, Et de siderium dulce levat patriae. He was not ashamed to suffer where the Cause was honourable and glorious; but so God provided for the needs of his banished, and sent a man who could minister comfort to the afflicted, and courage to the persecuted, and resolutions to the tempted, and strength to that Religion for which they all suffered. And here indeed this great Man was Triumphant, this was one of the last and best Scenes of his life: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Last Days are the best Witnesses of Man. But so it was, that he stood in public and brave defence for the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England: First, by his sufferings and great example, for verbis tantum Philosophari, non est Doctoris sed Histrionis. To talk well and not to do bravely, is for a Comedian, not a Divine. But this great man did both; he suffered his own Calamity with great Courage, and by his Wise Discourses strengthened the hearts of others. For there wanted not diligent Tempter's in the Church of Rome, who (taking advantage of the afflictions of his Sacred Majesty, in which state men commonly suspect every thing, and like men in Sickness are willing to change from Side to Side, hoping for ease and finding none) flew at the Royal Game, and hoped to draw away the King from that Religion, which his most Royal Father, the best Man, and wisest Prince in the World, had Sealed with the best Blood in Christendom; and which Himself Sucked in with his Education, and had Confirmed by Choice and Reason, and Confessed Publicly and Bravely, and hath since Restored Prosperously. Millitiere was the man, witty and bold enough, to attempt a zealous and a foolish Undertaking; and addressed himself with Ignoble, indeed but Witty Arts, to persuade the King to leave what was dearer to him than his Eyes. It is true, it was a Wave dashed against the Rock, and an Arrow shot against the Sun; it could not reach him, but the Bishop of Derry turned it also, and made it fall upon the Shooter's head; for he made so Ingenious, so Learned, and so Acute Reply to that Book; he so discovered the Errors of the Roman Church, retorted the Arguments, stated the Questions, demonstrated the Truth, and shamed their Procedures, that nothing could be a greater Argument of the Bishop's Learning, great Parts, deep Judgement, quickness of Apprehension, and sincerity in the Catholic and Apostolic Faith, or of the Follies and prevarications of the Church of Rome. He wrote no Apologies for himself, though it were much to be wished, that as junius wrote his own Life, or Moses his own Story, so we might have understood from himself, how great things God had done for him and by him; but all that, he permitted to God, and was silent in his own defences. Gloriosus enim est injuriam tacendo fugere, quam respondendo superare. ut when the Honour and Conscience of his King, and the Interest of True Religion was at Stake, the Fire burned within him; and at last he spoke with his Tongue, he cried out like the Son of Croesus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Take heed, and meddle not with the King; his Person is too sacred, and Religion too dear to him, to be assaulted by vulgar h●●ds. In short, he acquitted himself in this affair with so much Truth and Piety, Learning and Judgement, that in these Papers, his memory will last unto very late succeeding Generations. But this Reverend Prelate found a Nobler Adversary, and a Braver Scene for his Contention; he found that the Roman Priests, being wearied and baffled by the wise Discourses, and pungent Arguments of the English Divines, had studiously declined to Dispute any more the particular Questions against us, but fell at last upon a General Charge, imputing to the Church of England the great Crime of Schism; and by this they thought they might with most probability deceive unwary and unskillful Readers; for they saw the Schism, and they saw that we had left them, and because they considered not the Causes, they resolved to outface us in the Charge. But now it was that dignum nactus Argumentum, having an Argument fit to employ his great abilities, Consecrat hic praeful calamum calamique labores, Ante aras Domino laeta trophaea suo. The Bishop now dedicates his labours to the service of God, and and of his Church, undertook the Question, and in a full Discourse proves the Church of Rome, not only to be guilty of the Schism, by making it necessary to depart from them, but they did actuate the Schisms, and themselves made the first separation in the great point of the Pope's Supremacy, which was the Palladium, for which they principally contended. He made it appear, that the Popes of Rome were Usurpers of the Rights of Kings and Bishops, that they brought in new Doctrines in every Age, that they imposed their own devices upon all Christendom as Articles of Faith, that they prevaricated the Doctrine of the Apostles, that the Church of England returned to her Primitive Purity, that She joined with Christ and his Apostles, that She agreed in all the sentiments of the Primitive Church. He stated the Questions so Wisely, and conducted them so Prudently, and handled them so Learnedly, that I may truly say, they were never more materially confuted by any man since the Questions so unhappily have disturbed Christendom. Verum hoc eos male ussit: And they finding themselves smitten under the fifth Rib, set up an old Champion of their own, a Goliath to fight against the Armies of Israel: The old bishop of Chalcedon, known to many of us, replied to this excellent Book, but was so answered by a rejoinder made by the Lord Bishop of Derry, in which he so pressed the former Arguments, refuted the Cavils, brought in so many impregnable Authorities and Probations, and added so many moments and weights to his discourse; the pleasure of the Reading of the Book would be greatest, if the profit to the Church of God were not greater. Flumina tum lactis, tum flumina nectaris ibant, Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mell●. For so Sampsons' Riddle was again expounded; Out of the Strong came Meat, and out of the Eater came Sweetness. His Arguments were strong, and the Eloquence was sweet and delectable; and though there start up another Combatant against him, yet he had only the honour to fall by the hands of Hector. Still haeret lateri lethalis arundo; the Headed Arrow went in so far, that it could not be drawn out, but the Barbed Steel stuck behind. And when ever men will desire to be satisfied in those great Questions, the Bishop of Derry's Book shall be his Oracle. I will not insist upon his excellent Writings, but it is known every where with what Piety and Acumen he wrote against the Manichean Doctrine of Fatal Necessity, which a late witty Man had pretended to adorn with a new Vizor; but this excellent person washed off the Ceruse, and the Meretricious Paintings, rarely well asserted the Aeconomy of the Divine Providence, and having once more triumphed over his Adversary, Plenus victoriarum & trophaeorum, betook himself to the more agreeable attendance upon the Sacred Offices, and usually and wisely discoursed of the Sacred Rite of Confirmation, Imposed Hands upon the most Illustrious, the Dukes of York and Slocester, and the Princess Royal, and Ministered to them the promise of the Holy Spirit, Ministerially established them in the Religion and Service of the Holy Jesus. And one thing more I shall remark, that at his leaving those parts, upon the Kings Return, some of the Remonstrant Ministers of the Low-Countries coming to take their leave of this great Man, and desiring that by his means the Church of England would be kind to them, he had reason to grant it, because they were learned men, and in many things of a most excellent belief; yet he reproved them and gave them Caution against it, that they approached too near and gave too much countenance to the great and dangerous errors of the Socinians. He thus having served God and the King abroad, God was pleased to return to the King, and to us all, as in the days of old, we sung the song of David, In convertendo captivitatem 〈◊〉, when King David and all his servants returned to jerusalem. This great person having trod in the Wine-press, was called to drink, and as an honorary Reward of his great services and abilities, was chosen Primate of this National Church, in which we are to look upon him, as the King and the King's great 〈◊〉 gerent did, as a person concerning whose abilities the world had too great Testimony ever to make a doubt. It is true, he w●● in the declension of his age and health; but his very rui●●● 〈◊〉 goodly; and they who saw the broken heaps of Pompey's The●●● and the crushed Obelisks, and the old face of beauteous Philaenium, could not but admire the disordered glories of such magnificent Structures, which were venerable in their very dust. He ever was used to overcome all difficulties, only mortality was too hard for him; but still his Virtues and his Spirit was immortal; he took great care, and still had new and noble designs, and propsed to himself admirable things. He governed his Province with great justice and sincerity; Vnus amplo consulens pastor gregi, Somnos tuetur omnium solus, Vigil. And had this Remark in all his Government, that as he was a great hater of Sacrilege, so he professed himself a public enemy to nonresidence, and would declare wisely and religiously against it, allowing it no case, but of necessity, or the greater good of the Church. There are great things spoken of his Predecessor St. Patrick, that he founded 700. Churches and Religious Convents, that he ordained 5000. Priests, and with his own hands Consecrated 350. Bishops. How true this story is, I know not; but we are all witnesses that the late Primate did by an extraordinary contingency of Providence, in one day Consecrate two Archbishops, and ten Bishops, and benefit to almost all the Churches in Ireland, and was greatly instrumental to the Re-endowments of the whole Clergy; and in the greatest abilities and incomparable industry, was inferior to none of his most glorious Antecessors. Since the Canonization of Saints came into the Church, we find no Irish Bishop Canonised, except St. Laurence of Dublin, and St. Milachias of Down; indeed Richard of Armagh's Canonization was propounded, but not effected; but the Character which was given of that Learned Primate by Trithemius, does exactly fit this our late Father; Virro in Divinis Scripturis eruditus, sccularis philosophiae jurisque Canonici non ignarus, Clarus ingenio, Sermone Scholasticus, in declamandis Sermonibus ad populum excellentis industriae: He was learned in the Scriptures, skilled in secular Philosophy, and not unknowing in the Civil and Canon Laws; he was of an excellent Spirit, a Scholar in his discourses, an early and industrious Preacher to the people. And, as if there were a more particular sympathy between their souls, our Primate had so great a Veneration to his Memory, that he purposed, if he had lived, to have restored his Monument in Dundalke, which Time, or Impiety, or Unthankfulness, had either omitted or destroyed. So great a lover he was of all true inherent worth, that he loved it in the very memory of the dead, and to have such great examples to intuition and imitation of Posterity. At his coming to the Primacy, he knew he should at first espy little, besides the Ruins of Discipline, a Harvest of Thorns and Heresies, prevailing in the hearts of the people, the Churches possessed by Wolves and Intruders, men's hearts greatly estranged from true Religion; and therefore he set himself to weed the Field of the Church, he treated the Adversaries sometimes sweetly, sometimes he confuted them learnedly, sometimes he rebuked them sharply. He visited his Charges diligently, and in his own person, not by Proxies and instrumental Deputations: Quaerens non nostra, sed nos & quae sunt jesu Christi; He designed nothing that we knew of, but the Redintegration of Religion, the Honour of God, the King, the restoring of collapsed Discipline, and the Renovation of Faith, and the service of God in the Churches. And still he was indefatigable, and, even as the last Scene of his life, intended to take a Regal Visitation. Quid enim vultis me otiosum a Domino comprehendi? said one; he was not willing that God should take him unemployed: But good man, he felt his Tabernacle ready to fall in pieces, and could go no further, for God would have no more work done by that hand; he therefore espying this, put his House in order, and had lately visited his Diocese, and done what he then could to put his Charge in order; for he had a good while since received the sentence of death within himself, and knew he was shortly to render an account of his Stewardship; he therefore upon a brisk Alarm of death, which God sent him the a 1662. last january. made his Will; in which, besides the prudence and presence of Spirit, manifested in making a just and wise settlement of his Estate, and Provisions for his Descendants, at midnight, and in the trouble of his sickness and circumstances of addressing death, still kept a special sentiment, and made confession of God's admirable mercies, and gave thanks that God had permitted him to live to see the blessed Restauration of his Majesty, and the Church of England, confessed his faith to be the same as ever, gave praises to God that he was born and bred up in this Religion, and prayed God, and hoped he should die in the Communion of this Church, which he declared to be the most pure and Apostolical Church in the world. He prayed to God to pardon his frailties and infirmities, relied upon the mercies of God, and the Merits of Jesus Christ, and with a singular sweetness resigned up his soul into the hands of his Redeemer. But God, who is the great Choragas and Master of the Scenes of Life and Death, was not pleased then to draw the Curtains; there was an Epilogue to his life, yet to be acted and spoken. He returned to actions and life, and went on in methods of the same procedures as before; was desirous still to establish the Affairs of the Church, complained of some disorders which he purposed to redress, gird himself to the work; but though his spirit was willing, yet his flesh was weak; and as the Apostles in the Vespers of Christ's Passion, so he in the Eve of his own dissolution, was heavy not to sleep, but heavy unto death, and looked for the last warnning, which seized on him in the midst of his business; and though it was sudden, yet it could not be unexpected, or unprovided by surprise, and therefore could be no more than 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Augustus used to wish unto himself, a civil and well-natured death, without the amazement of troublesome circumstances, or the great cracks of a falling house, or the convulsions of impatience. Seneca tells us, that Bassus Anfidius was wont to say, Sperare se nullum lorem esse in illo extremo anhelita, si tamen esset, habere aliquantums in ipsa brevitate solatii. He hoped that the pain of the vast dissolution were little or none; or if they were, it was full of comfort, that they could be short. It happened so to this Excellent Man, his passive fortune had been abundantly tried before, and therefore there was the less need of it now; his active Graces had been abundantly demonstrated by the great and good things he did, and therefore his last Scene was not so laborious; but God called him away something after the manner of Moses, which the jews express by Osculum Oris Dei, The Kiss of God's Month; that is, as death indeed fore-signified but gentle and serene, and without temptation. To sum up all, he was a Wise Prelate, a Learned Doctor, a Just Man, a True Friend, a great Benefactor to others, a thankful Beneficiary where he was obliged himself: He was a faithful Servant to his Masters, a Loyal Subject to the King, a zealous Assertor of his Religion, against Popery on the one side, and Fanaticism on the other. The practice of his Religion was not so much in Forms and exterior Ministries, though he was a great observer of all the public Rites and Ministries of the Church, as it was doing good for others. He was like Myson, whom the Scythian Anacharsis so greatly praised, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he governed his Family well he gave to all their due of maintenance, and duly, he did great benefit to Mankind; he had the fate of the Apostle St. Paul, he passed through evil report and good report, as a deceiver and yet true. He was a man of great business, and great resort: Semper aliquis Cydonis domo, as the Corinthian said, there was always somebody in Cydons house. He was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he divided his Life into labour, and his Book; he took care of Churches when he was alive, and even after his death, having left five hundred pounds, for the repair of his Cathedral of Armagh, and St. Peter's Church in Drogheda. He was an excellent Scholar, and rarely well accomplished; first instructed to great excellency by natural parts, and then consummated by Study and Experience. Melancthon was used to say, that himself was a Logician, Pomeranus a Grammarian, justus jonas an Orator, but that Luther was all these. It was greatly true of him, that the single perfections, which make many men eminent, were united in this Primate, and made him Illustrious. At, at, Quintilium perpetuus sopa Vrget, Cui pudor & justitiae sorer Incorrupta fides, nudaque veritas, Quando ullum invenient parem! It will be hard to find his equal in all things: Fort ass tanquam Phaenix anno quingente simo nascitur (that I may use the words of Seneca) nec est mirum ex intervallo magna generari mediocria, & in turbam nascentia saepe fortuna producit, eximia vero varitate commendat. For in him was visible the great lines of hooker's Judiciousness, of jewels Learning, of the Acuteness of Bishop Andrews. He was in more great things than one; and as one said of Phidias he could not only make excellent Statues of Ivory, but he could work in Stone and Brass. He showed his Equanimity in Poverty, and his Justice in Riches; he was useful in his Country, and profitable in his Banishment. For as Paraeus was at Anvilla, Luther at Wittenburg, St. Athanasius and St. chrysostom in their Banishment, St. Jerome in his Retirement at Bethlehem, they were Oracles to them that needed it; so was he in Holland and France, where he was abroad; and besides the particular endearments which his friends received from him, he did do Relief to his Brethren that wanted, and supplied the Soldiers out of his Store in Yorkshire, when himself could but ill spare it; but he received public thanks from the Convocation, of which he was Precedent; and public Justification from the Parliament, where he was Speaker: So that although, as one said, Miracul● instar vitae iter, si longum, sine off ensione percurrere; yet no man had greater enemies, and no man had greater justifications. Johannes B●amhall S. Th. Dr. Ecclesiae Anglicanae filius observantissimus, Hybernicae Primas & Pater dignissimus utrinsque vindex acerrimus, Martii 12 mo. 1662/3. Caetera narrabunt posteri Historia enim An. Britanniae & Hiberniae (cujus pars quanta est vir bonus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) Amplissimo praesuli in Epitaphium cedet ut & Ecclesia restaurata in Monumentum. Erat nempe ille ex beatorum Plinianorum numero, quibus deorum munere datum est, aut facere feribenda, aut seribere legendae. THE Life and Death OF Dr. ACCEPTED FREWEN, Lord Archbishop of York. THE three last Archbishops of York, were men of as great sufferings as enjoyments. I. Dr. Richard Neile, born in Westminster, whereof he was Dean; and bred in St. john's College Cambridge, whereof he was Fellow, going by the favour of the cecils, bred in the same College with him, through several Preferments and Dignities, from the Vicarage of Chesthunt in Hertford-shire, to the Deanery of Westminster, and by the bounty of his two Royal Masters, who had the same apprehensions with him about the Church (a public body (he would call it) not only to be taught by Preachers its duties, but to be kept (as long as men are men) by Discipline and Government from scandals) came by the intermediate advancements of Rochester 1608. Coventry and Lichfield 1610. Durham 1617. Winchester 1627. from the Deanery of Westminster, to the Archbishopric of York 1632. was much envied for his Preferment, more for his Principles; most of all for his Favourites and followings; the Parliament in 1628. threatening for preferring Dr. Laud to be a Bishop, and the Faction 1641. charging Bishop Laud for making him an Archbishop. II. Archbishop Williams, of whom before. III. Archbishop Frewen, bred Demy, Fellow, and Precedent of Magdalen College in Oxford, a general Scholar, and a a Witnessh Moral Ph●●● fie Lecturing & his Oratioa upon Prince Henry's Funeral made in Magdalene-Colledge. good Orator, made Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1643/4. a Preferment he suffered rather than enjoyed; and after fourteen or fifteen years' sufferings and privacy with his Relations in London, upon his Majesty's Restauration, Installed Archbishop of York. His particular temper was, that by his goodly presence and great Retinue he hazarded the envy of people, to avoid contempt: a thing (he would say) a man should avoid as death, it being an undervaluing of a man upon a belief of his utter uselessness and enable; attended with an untoward endeavour to engage the world in the same belief and slight esteem, a rising man prevent, as ruin to be thought down, is the very Preface to be so; a contempt like the Planet Saturn, hath first an ill Aspect, and then a destroying influence: and a Governor provide against as a deposing, what obedience can he expect from them that give him not so much as respect; the carriage cannot reverence the person over whom the heart insults: nor the actions submit, if the apprehensions rebel. Reputation is power, which who despises, weakens; for where there is contempt, there can be no awe, and where there is no awe, there will be no subjection; and we have known that the most effectual method of disobedience, is first to slur a Governor's person, and then to overthrow his power. He knew that though he must approve himself to wise men by his virtues, he must take the vulgar that see not beyond the surface, with his carriage; they as the Spaniard, being of opinion, that if you would know a man, you must know him by his gate. He died 1663/4. P. M. Accepti Freweni, quis seit si ultra quaeras; jam dignus es qui nescias. THE Life and Death OF Dr. SAMUEL MARSH, Dean of York. DOctor Marsh, born Feb. 6. 1586. at Finchamsted in Hearts, and bred Fellow of All-Souls, took to his book, and became a Scholar against the will of his friends, and a Divine against his own, upon the same occasion that others become Physicians, for being serupulous and inquisitive; he spent so much time in settling his own soul, that before he was aware, he was immersed in that noble Science and Art of saving others; Art, I say for it was his Motto, He that winneth souls is wise; and he did profess to a friend, as Bishop Williams once did, that though he had gone through several honourable employments, yet he would take more comfort in begetting one soul to God, (in travailing in birth till Christ were form in an immortal spirit) than in gaining all the honours in the world to himself: he was one of those Reverend Divines the late King desired to converse with in his solitude, and to advise with in his Treaties; and one of them the Parliament feared most, making the Kingdom his Church when he had none, and instilling every where wholesome notions, and rectified apprehensions into men's minds, as likewise implanting the truth after godliness in their hearts; teaching men not to be linked to this or that body of men in a design, but with all good Christians in Communion: many were his a 〈…〉 of St. Dantians' in the West. afflictions, but (according to that Text he said he kept up the heart of his Hearers with Preaching upon it) God delivered him out of them all: He could have lived as a Physician, a Lawyer, as well as a Divine; he did (as Nazianzen said of Philagrius) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, play the Philosopher in his sufferings, calling his tribulations 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 learned afflictions, full of great instructions, which taught, he said, much real Christianity, and made his soul of a more strong, able, and athletic habit and temper; speaking in his distresses, that he hoped he had learned all that, for which God sent it; and that he thought God kept us so long in that dispensation, under those pressures and sufferings, that Patience might have its perfect work; and that the world might see what the true Protestant Religion was able to do; what might, power, and virtue there was in it, to bear up souls under the greatest misfortunes. This (would he say) is the time to let men see, we can live up at the same rate, as we have formerly discoursed. Four things he had a special care of in the late times. 1. The Confirmation of well-affected People, and the grounding of their Children from house to house, where he was the more welcome by the sweetness and cheerfulness of his converse. 2. The furnishing of private Schools and Families, with those excellent Scholars and honest Men, to whom Zenodotus his Proverb was very applicable in those times, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Either he is dead, or he teacheth School. Expressing himself about that Care of his, as Sir Walter Mildmay did about Emanuel College, whereof he was Founder, That he set Acorns, which others might live to see Oaks. 3. The restraining of the King's friends, from rash and exorbitant expressions or actions, That the Tyranny (to use his own words) might wear its self out upon their patience, which might seed its self upon their peevishness. 4. To widen his Majesty's Interest, by matching his friends to some of his, not implacable and more generous foes, who should espouse their Cause, as well as their Relations intermarriages (as he observed by the care God took in that case among his own people) being able to turn the humour of any Nation. In fine, having saved the Plate and Books of Sion-Colledge in London when he was Precedent, having bestowed his own upon the Church to which he owed it (hating to enrich private Families into Pride, with the public emoluments of the Church, given to Piety) and having led an exact and an exquisite life, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a conversation so studied, that it was in all things consonant with its self, in most unaffected gravity, wonderful simplicity, and a stern Countenance, proportionable to the vigour and strength of his Soul: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: a look that was not one key below his intent, eager, and sprightly mind; wholly careful of the things he hoped for, and regardless of the things he saw. He died in a good old age, 1662/3. Dr. Samuel Marsh jocus Protervae Ludicrumque fortunae, sed major ipsa Pallidoque Livore; & utriusque victor hoc jacet Busto; & nequid Aevi saeculique vis possit, diesque long a deleat viri nomen, a Drawing an exact Chronology filled with most of the ancient and modern histories of the world, with his own hand exactly as he did his Sermons, most of which were written twice over. devinxit ipsum Marsh sibi tempus. Doctor Marsh his name puts me in mind of Dr. Thomas Paske, whom he used to call his Glass, so faithful a friend he was in discovering to him his defects, and so good an example in proposing to him a pattern of perfection. Against his will Master of Clare-hall, Vicechancellor of Cambridge, 1621/2. when the contest was between Dr. Micklethwait, and Dr. Preston, about the Lecture at Trinity Church in that University; without his knowledge made b Magni●●minis ombra, a great Title to a little p●●fit. Archdeacon of London, Minister of Much-haddam in Hertfordshire, and St. Mary Magdalen Bermondsey. A Gentleman that did nothing so cheerfully, as suffer for his late Majesty and his Son eighteen years; Modestly refuse first, and then unhappily miss a Bishopric under his Majesty that now is, and die. The right square man, and honest c 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cube, that throw him where you would, fell upon his base; denying himself, he enjoyed the world; none being able to deal more severely with him, that he did with himself; no condition afflicting him, because no condition surprised him; according to his usual saying, That distresses were like Cockatrices, if they see you first, they kill you; if you see them first, you kill them. Si tantum sperare dolorem,— & prefer soror potero. Disappointments kill some, but as the Consumption did Dr. Butler, who died of it (as he said) because he never feared it. No wonder he was not ambitious of gain and preferment, who was so civil in the in joyment of it, that he would say, He would not go to Law with his Parishioners for any part of his Tyths, because, if he lost their love (as he must do if he were contentious) he lost all probability of doing them that good for which he had all his Tyths: Protesting that he had rather gain his Neighbours by spending all his Tyths in Hospitality, than lose one by laying it all in his Purse. Wherefore I hope he will see as many of his People happy about him in heaven, as he saw of his Scholars and Pupils eminent here on earth; three Bishops, four Privy-Counsellors, two Judges, three Doctors of Physic, one day appointing to Reverence that Person, to whose Rules and Examples they owed their Merit, as they did to their Merit their Greatness; being much beholding to his Method, Rules, and Choice Books; more to his Watchful Observation, and most of all to his excellent Company. He died 1662. leaving this character of his modesty behind him, That as the Lion out of state will not run, so he out of humility would not perform any action while many looked on. With him suffered in London, Learned Dr. William Wats of Cajus-Colledge in Cambridge, and St. Alban Woodstreet London, well skilled in the Liturgies and Rituals of the Primitive Times, to which he desired to reduce his own time; setting forth Matthew Paris, and other ancient M. SS. of former times, and keeping a Swedish Intelligencer, or an Exact Collection of his own times: One that imitated the piety, as well as the postures of the First Christians; not only conforming his Hands and Knees, but chiefly his Heart to their pattern; not making the Ceremonial part of their Lives only Canonical, and the moral part Apocryphal; imitating their Devotion not in the Fineness of the Stuff, but only in the Fashion of the Making. He knew the time, place, and occasion of the backsliding of several parts of the Primitive Church into Superstition, and of ours into Confusion; what was Dogmatigal in the Fathers, and what Figurative, Opinionative, or Conjectural. He owned others the Founders of most of his Notions, and himself only one sent into the world, to clear and improve what others had invented. He Preached an excellent Sermon of the Ancient way of Mortification, and lived it. His conjecture at the consequence of things, was as good as his aim at a Mark; being as judicious a Man, as he was an exact Archer, that opening Recreation of a Scholar, as he called it. This excellent Scholar and good man, who would think it, was Sequestered from his Living, and Plundered of his Estate, his Wife and Children turned out of their House, and forced to fly out of the City. Next him Mr. W●ston of all-hallows Lombardstreet, who knowing that the Conceit of the Physician was half the Cure, and his Practice would scarce be happy where his Person is hated, endeavoured to get into the affections of his People, that he might get into their Judgements; but yet because he humoured them not in his Doctrine to get their affection (for he would say, with reference to the reproachful terms used in those days, It was as had being a Fwaning Spaniel, as a dumb Dog) because he walked uprightly, and would not creep or crouch, using no Arts to gain them, but pious Living and painful Labouring; and because his smart Preaching made some galled back winch, they persecuted and imprisoned him, when he prayed for, and pitied them; saying, Hadwe Ministers not desired to claw the People, that we might get above one another, the People had not had power now to trample on us! Oh its fit the People should make it their business to conform themselves to our Doctrines, and not we to their Humours. Often meetings, and a good understanding among ourselves had prevented these calamities. Honest Dr. Halsey of St. Alphage, whose great fault was, that he had been the Lord Treasurer weston's Chaplain; heartbroken with his own and the public calamities. Among other indignities he suffered, he had his Cap pulled off, to see whether he was a Shave Priest, in a grand Committee. A grave and courteous man, neither affectedly retired or austere, nor carelessly and openly familiar; a man that was loath to ask a courtesy, and never denied any: He was an excellent Preacher, because an excellent Liver; and an excellent Scholar, because he knew himself. One of whom it was observed, he never met a poor man, but he had an alms to offer him; nor a weak man, but he had a comfort to relieve him; any man, but he had an advice to give him. And that he seldom dreamt, and if he did, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the good Oneirocritick found the day following that event, whereof he had warning the night before; and he would say, he was confirmed that he was immortal, because he dreamt, being sure that the soul which was awake when the body slept, would live when the body was dead. He read Prayers always himself, to show his respect of them, and likewise to prepare him for Preaching, saying, That if he Tolled the Bell on one side, it made it afterwards Ring out the better in his Sermons. Grave and learned Mr. Mason of St. Andrews Vndershaft, that wise Master Builder in God's House, as King james called his near Relation Mr. Henry Mason, the worthy Author of the excellent book De Ministerio Anglicano, that digested all the errors of his times in judgement and practice, into a common place: instructing his a As above Conscience, Fasting, Truth, Peace, etc. people in the truths opposite to them; and so convincing them of their errors; never directly mentioned a beloved error, till he had fully possessed them of the contrary truth; finding much fault with them, that jerked and girded at the popular errors of the times, because they might provoke, but could not reclaim the people; exasperated, but not reform them. A good man, and a good man's friend, Dr. jackson, Mr. Mede, etc. And Dr. Clewet, who said he went never from his Company, but much the better for him; profiting more by an hours discourse with him, than a weeks study by himself; learning, if nothing else, yet silence and reservedness from him who dispensed, rather than spoke his words; pausing with a reflection upon what he had said, before he said any more; a way of three advantages to him; 1. Because so he might correct the error of a former word. 2. He might take occasion, and matter for a following word: And 3. Likewise observing by the looks and carriage of him he spoke with, frame his speech accordingly. Dr. Clewet (Chaplain to the Right Reverend Father Bishop King, to whom he administered his last holy Viatieum (in which respect he was a good See Dr. H. King, now the excellent Bishop of Chichesters' incomparable Sermon at St. Paul's, Nou. 25. 1621. witness against the Popish slander of that Reverend Prelate that had lived so renowned a Protestant, dying a Papist) by the same token, that when he had read the Confession used at that holy Ordinance, the Bishop desired him to read it over again) archdeacon of Middlesex, Minister of Fulham in Middlesex, and St. Anne Aldersgate London; and a Justice of Peace of more business in ending Controversies; that any ten within London and Westminster, both these were outed, the one vexed, the other Sequestered out of his livings; it was Dr. Clwets saying, when he heard the reproaches cast upon him, that reviling was no Hurt to a good Conscience, as flattery was no Cure to a bad one. Doctor Chambers of St. Andrews Hubbard, Dr. Isaacson of St. Andrews Wardrobe, Dr. Grant of St. bartholomew's, Dr. graunt's Son, who was the eminent Schoolmaster of Westminster, and Dr. Grants Father, who is Minister of Isleworth, Mr. Warfield of Bennet Finke, Mr. Basely of St. foster's, Mr. Freeman of Garlick-hithe, Dr. Hill of Katherine Coleman, and Mr. Kibbuts, Mr. Leech of Mary-le-bow. Dr. Iermin, Judge jenkens Brother, of St. Martin's Ludgate, Mr. jones of Milk-street, Dr. Gifford of St. Michael Bassishaw, Mr. Bennet of St. Nicholas Acons, Dr. Cheshire of St. Nicholas Olaves, Mr. Chibbald of St. Nicholas-Cole-abby, Mr. Haines of Olaves Hartstreet, Mr. Tuke of Olaves jewry, Mr. Marbury of St. Peter Pauls-Wharse, Mr. Adam of St. Bennets Pauls-Wharse, known by his Sermons on St. Peter, Mr. Eccop of St. Pancras Soper-lane, Mr. Vochier of St. Peter's Cheapside, Dr. Littleton, Sir Edward Littleton's Brother of the Temple, Mr. Pigot of St. Sepulchers, Mr. Rogers of St. Botolph Bishopsgate and Finchley, who died since his Majesty's Restauration, Mr. Heath of Newington, Dr. Stamp of Stepney, dead in exile beyond Sea, Dr. Wimberly of St. Margaret Westminster, all Sequestered, most of them Plundered, and many of them forced to fly. Mr. Ephraim Udall of St. Austin's Parish Sequestered, and his Bedrid Wife turned out of doors, and left in the streets by those very people, for whom his Father Ephraim Udall was condemned to be hanged in Queen Elizabeth's time; Musculus in Germany was the first that taught the plain, but effectual method of Doctrine and Use in a Sermon; Ephraim Udall the Father, added reasons to that method, and Ephraim Udall the Son first used the way of soliloquy, and Question and Answer; he was a great Catechist, and a great Preacher of Restitution. A bold man that told the Faction in a public Sermon at Mercers-Chappel, You much desire Truth and Peace; leave your lying, and you may have truth; lay down your undutiful Arms, and you may have peace: and more in another Sermon he preached at St. Paul's in the height of the Rebellion against taking up Arms on any pretence against Kings, called, Noli me tangere. He once a year preached one Sermon to teach his people to benefit by his former Sermons, as they say there is one Law wanting yet, and that is a Law to put all the other good Laws in Execution. Dr. Philip King, younger Son to Bishop Io. King of London, and Brother to Bishop H. King of Chichester, whom good nature made a most facetious Companion, a acquaint Orator and Poet; and an excellent Christian (being not of those men's Religion, who as the Poet told his Mistress, had so much Divinity, that they had no Humanity) take Christianity for a Meek, Charitable, Peaceable, and a good natured Religion, sequestered from his Rectory at Botolph Billingsgate, his Prebend of St. Paul's, and Arch-Deaconry of Lewis, and forced to fly to save his Life, and when he had nothing to lose but his life, he died 1666. Mr. Hansley, preferred Chaplain to Bishop juxon upon a Rehearsal Sermon he Preached at St. Paul's, Archdeacon of Colchester, Minister of St. Christopher's London, and Albury in Surrey, forced away through the harmless picture of good nature, even because he was not spirited for the Cause, as they told him. He died 1666. in the Hundreds of Essex, where only he could safely, because there he died daily. To whom I may join his very image, honest Mr. Humes of St. Dyonis-Backchurch, who was turned out, as one said, because they suspected his learning would not comply with their ignorant courses, nor his meekness and moderation with their disobedience; whose great Preface-word to his Sermons, was, Hear with meekness and humility the Word of God, etc. Well beloved for his holy Ventriloquy, I mean, his speaking from the heart to the heart; and respected for that he dwelled not in Generalities in his Sermons, but drew his discourses into particular Cases of Conscience, wherein he determined the just points of their liberty, what they might lawfully do, to keep them from Negative Superstition; and of their restraint what they might not lawfully do, to keep them from boundless licentiousness: Pertinent in his Quotations of Scripture in his Preaching, because the Hearers might profitably retain all he Quoted, and he seriously peruse them; Reasons were the Pillars of his Sermons, and his apt, but grave Similes and Illustrations, the Windows that gave the best light. Mr. Sam. Stone of St. Clement East-cheap, and St. Mary Abchurch, Prebend of St. Paul's, Sequestered, Plundered, and (because he had a shrewd faculty in discovering to the people the fallacies the holy cheat was carried on with, witness his excellent Sermon on Prov. 14. 8. The folly of fools is deceit) imprisoned at Plymouth, whence his letters sent to encourage his friends, were those of St. Paul's, very powerful, though his bodily presence was weak. He died 1665. Mr. john Squire, Vicar of St. a Preferred thitherly Dr. Arlmer Arch deacon of London, to whom he was nearly allied. Leonard Shoreditch, for asserting Prayers more necessary than Sermons in the Sickness time; for writing himself Priest (which was no more, as he would pleasantly observe, than the contraction of the word Presbyter) for spending so much time (as he did much) in Preaching a Rationale upon the Common Prayer (saying truly, that those prayers are not liked because not understood) and vindicating the Government, Discipline, and Ceremonies of the Church; for Preaching zealously against the Scots Invasion, and declaring as vehemently against the English Rebellion; Preaching truly, and bidding them remember it when he was dead and gone, that they themselves would repent it, Sequestered, Imprisoned, 1. In Gresham College with divers eminent Citizens of London. 2. In Newgate. 3. In the Kings-bench, his Wife and Children in the mean time turned out of those doors (at which he had relieved so many thousands) and Plundered: In his Imprisonment enjoying the greatest freedom (his soul, as he would say being himself, which could as little be confined to one place, as his body could be diffused to many) to confirm and comfort his Fellow-prisoners, and upon all fair opportunities to undeceive his Fellow-citizens. Mr. Ward of St. Leonard Foster-lane, was of the same bold temper, guilty of the same fault with Mr. Squire, viz. calling a Spade, a Spade, and the Scots Traitors in his Clerum at Zion College, and liable to the same punishment; for after a Recantation enjoined him, he was Sequestered, Plundered, and forced to fly to Oxford, where it is said he died for want. He was never Plaintiff in any Suit with his Parishioners, but to be Rights Defendant: When his deuce were detained from him, he grieved more for his Parishioners had conscience, than his own damage: being willing rather to suffer ten times in his Profit, than once in his Title, where not only his Person, but his Posterity was wronged; and when he must needs appeal from his Neighbours to his Superiors he proceeded fairly, and speedily to a trial; that he might not vex and weary others, but right himself: during necessary Suits, neither breaking off, nor slacking Offices of courtesy to his Neighbours. Dr. William Fuller a general Scholar, well skilled in his own and former times, a good Linguist; those Languages which parted at Babel in a confusion, met in his soul in a method; a deep Divine, and Master of all those Rules which the experience of 1600. years had gathered together for the reducing of Divinity into a method, whereby a man might readily upon any occasion meet with full satisfaction in any point he desired: a methodical, pathetic, and sententious a When the people were never so impatient. one Sermon of his would 〈◊〉 them. Preacher. Not like Scaliger in his book, De Art● Poetica, giving exact rules for composition, but composing well himself, his invention keeping pace with his judgement; giving this rule to young Preachers, whereof he bred as many under him in the Church, as he did Scholars in the University; that they should write exactly, till they attained to a stile when young, which they might be Masters of in their age; a grave man, whose looks were a Sermon, and affable withal, carrying it within his jurisdiction, as God doth in the world with Reverence and Love; in somuch that the Right Honourable the Lord of Bridgewaters Father, b His Son-in-law was Tutor to my Lord. who left it to him to provide Chaplains to his House, and Tutors to his Children; would say it did him good to see him within his House: Such a Pattern of Charity himself, and so good a Preacher of it, that he was with Chrysostom, called the poor man's Preacher; Sequestered, Plundered, and Imprisoned in Ely House, where he preached so comfortably, as if to use Mr. Noyes words of another, He knew the mind of God; And being thence, I think, upon exchange dismissed to Oxford, he Preached there so seasonably, that King Charles would say of him and some others there, That they were sent of God to set those distracted times in their Wits by the Sobriety of their Doctrines, and the becomingness of their good behaviour. M. S. Dom. Gul. Fuller, S. Th. D. Ecclesiae Sancti AEgidii extra Cripplegate Vicarii; Ecclesiae prim● Eliensiis, postea Dunelmensiis Decani Regibus Serenissimis Jacobo, & Carolo primo Sacellani Viri Doctrina, Prudentia, Pietate, morumque gravitate Clarissimi Ob fidem in principem, & constantiam in vera Religione Bonis perituris spoliatus AEternis in Caelo fruitur. Tandem sepultura juxtaritus Ecclesiae per barbariem Pseudovicarii & Ingratitudinem eorum (Inter quos ut Lucern● arden's seipsum consumpserat) Negata Requiem quam in propria Ecclesia habere non potuit Heic Invenit Natus Hadleiae in Suffolcia Renatus ipso die ascensionis Dominicae Anno Domini MDCLIX. Aetatis suae LXXIX. M. P. Jana silia, Vxor Briani Episcopi Cestrensis. Old Ephraim Pagit of St. Edmund Lumbardstreet, that in his Haerescography discovered so much of the errors of the times, that he could not quietly enjoy his Living and his Conscience; one so well skilled in Physiognomy, that he never looked on Iretons face but with tears, as julius Scaliger never saw his Infant son Audectus but with grief, as sorrow struck with some sad Sign of ill success he saw in his face; though some say, That cannot be read in men's faces which was never written there, and that he that seeks to find the disposition of men's souls in the figure of their bodies, looks for letters on the backside of the book. His Sermons were as pleasant as profitable, tickling his Auditors to good, and making a bait of pleasure. Dr. Childerley of St. Dunstan's in the East, so aged, that being past Preaching for thirty years together, at the end of the thirtieth year Preached his friend's Wedding Sermon, and his own Funeral: the aged Swan thus sings and dies, yet lives to suffer the loss of his Living, who, for many years having lost his sight, was sequestered from the world. When his Windows were shut in the evening of his days without, he lighted a Candle within, being the better able to Meditate (as the Philosopher that put out his Eyes to Study) because he could not see; when we shut an Eye we aim best: He would say, virtue had a joy, that if weighed with that the vicious call so, he could say as the Poet, Continence hath his joy, weigh both, and so If Rottenness have more, let Heaven go. Dr. Brown of St. Faiths, and Dean of Hereford; a man of so Ecclesiastical an aspect, and of so happy an Art of Preaching, that as he passed, those that reviled his brethren, reverenced him, such a Majesty carrieth a lovely virtue, that those who cannot practise it, cannot but love it. Much deliberation there was before he was Sequestered, yet at last it was resolved, because he gave offence to a good woman, Mrs. Charnock by name, at Whitehall, where he was Chaplain, by bowing to the Altar, as a Popish Priest had done before (though it's not likely that a Popish Priest should come and bow before the Altar at Whitehall) the good woman saying, she hoped she should never live to see the day, whereon a Popish Priest and a Protestant Minister should use the selfsame gesture and posture. His phrase in Preaching was plain and natural, not being darkened with the affection of Scholastical harshness, or Rhetorical flourishes, so easily expounding his Notion, that it was evident he clearly understood them; (obscurity in the discourse is an argument of darkness in the mind) his expression was close and not obscure; plain, but neither vain not tedious; popular, but not novel, using not suspicious phrases, lest he might seem to insinuate strange Doctrines. The Committee sends for him to suffer, and at the same time God sends for him to die: so St. Augustine died the day before Hippo was taken, Ambrose before Milan, and Paraeus before Heidelberg. The exact Scholar Dr. Styles of St. George Buttolph-lane, and St. Gregory's by St. Paul's. A person excellent at examining Schools, he was so good a Grammarian; and Consciences, he was so good a Casuist: His Lectures at St. Paul's, were for the peaceable and regular matter of them, a pattern to all the Lectures in Town; in all which he would say, when he had digested his matter, he had studied his expressions, which he confined not himself to, because that weakened the Judgement, dulled the Affections, and overburdened and vexed the Memory. A man cannot ordinarily be so much affected himself (and consequently he cannot so much affect others) with things he speaks by rote; as when he takes some liberty to prosecute a matter according to his more immediate apprehensions, by which (besides a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a becoming Orators confidence) many particulars may be suggested that were not before thought of, when he doth expiate upon any subject, according to the working of his own affections, and the various alterations that may appear in the Auditory. With him lived his exact Pupil Mr. Edlin, turned out of St. john Zachary by the Faction, and yet chosen into Bassishaw by the People; one that was too hard for the pretenders in their own Bow, viz. Preaching, and wearied them with meekness and patience; being a Willow in temper, though an Oak in heart: With an even and an holy Conversation he lived to hear many wishing for that Episcopal Government which they had overthrown, and to see that Kingship longed for in 1656. that was Voted down 1648. teaching his people the honest duties of Religion, while others were taken up with the empty notions of it. Come, would people say, let us go and hear Mr. Edlin, for he will teach us to live. Charitable Mr. Isaac Calf, forced to give up St. Leonard Eastcheap, and retire to Chadwell in Essex, where the liberal man devised liberal things, viz. an Almshouse for poor people at Lewsham in Kent, with a comfortable maintenance, where Mr. Abraham Calf his Brother Built and Endowed (as I am informed by the Reverend Dr. Hardy Dean of Rochester) a Free-grammar-school by, and a Writing-school in the Town, with an annual maintenance for seven Scholars, to be sent from thence to the University. A strange thing, that they who were Sequestered erected Foundations of Charity, as fast as they who enjoyed their Sequestrations, pulled them down; with Mr. Colfe. Let Posterity take notice of Mr. james Palmer B.D. of St. Brides, who went up and down to look for poor Ministers widows that were sequestered, though sequestered himself; enquiring for objects of charity, when he looked as if he were an object of charity himself; entreating others to look after Sufferers, but trusting none to relieve them but himself, when he would come suddalnly and look into their Cupboards, dropping twenty or thirty shillings at a time in a poor Family. As every poor place was his Hospital while he lived, so he built and endowed a new Alms-house over against the New Chapel at Westminster, for twelve poor People, provided for there from head to foot, for body and soul; he himself feeding their souls by daily Prayers and weekly Preaching, till he died 1659. born at Westminster, bred at Magdalen College in Cambridge, constant Preacher at St. Brides for many years, where he got a safe Estate by plain frugality, while others might get a greater by craft or cruelty. Ingenious Dr. Sam Baker, and Dr. William Bray, both bred together under the exact Logician Dr. Chapel at Christ College in Cambridge; both come together to seek their fortunes in London, both hitting the Puritan vein, preferred Lecturers; and growing infinitely popular, and followed, both together taken off, the one to be Chaplain to Archbishop Laud, and the other to Bishop juxon; and no sooner favoured by the Government, but deserted by the Populacy; both preferred, the one, Dr. Baker to be Prebendary of Canterbury, and Parson of St. Mary-hill; the other, Dr. Bary to be Prebendary of Canterbury, and Vicar of St. Martin's in the Field, both sequestered together, and both hated upon the same grounds, viz. Mr U●al, of whom before, had his Church the most thronged of any men in London, Preaching thrice a week, besides a Monthly Preparation Sermon; visiting his people from house to house, being assable and peaceable, until he published, The Coal from the Altar, against Sacrilege and communion, comeliness for ●ailing the communion Table, when he was spent with Labours, was sint for to be imprisoned, and his beel-rid Wise laid in the ●p●n sheets that had not been out of her ●●din 4 years before. because they would not licence every Fantastic pretender against Popery and Arminianism; both having great advantage against their adversaries, having been of them, and likewise plucking them by the long Locks of their immoderate boasting, and touching them to the Quick; (an Hypocrite lies pat for a jeering man's hand to hit) and Dr. Baker was a Badger in his Jeers, where he did bite, he would make his teeth meet. Dr. Baker died about the year 165-. Dr. Bray, 1644. to whom I may add Dr. Pocklington, who died, 1646. and Dr. Weeks a Devonshire Gentleman, Chaplain formerly to the Duke of Buckingham at the Isle of Rhee; a cheerful man, that was good at making a Jest, but made not a trade of Jesting; Q. Elizabeth being desired to see a Dancing Master dance, said, Pish, 'tis his Profession, I will not see him. The fault general of these and other Bishop's Chaplains in those times, was, that they were willing to keep the Press sober between the Bigots of the extreme opinions in Doctrine and Discipline. To whom I may add meek Dr. Heywood, Fellow of St. john's in Oxford, a general Scholar, and an excellent Tutor, Rector of St. Giles in the Fields, and Prebendary of Westminster, forced to keep School under his Son, than Fellow of Oriel College (there being no Art or Quality, as Music, Arithmetic, Writing, etc. but he was as able to teach, as if he had been Professor of it) until he was restored with his Majesty. The same man still, the same Nathaniel in whom there was found no guile. He died 1664. and was buried at Westminster, where is buried another there of his temper, Dr. Lamb, carrying innocence in his name and nature; a sententious and acute Preacher, of St. Mary-hall in Oxford, Household Chaplain to the Right Honourable Thomas Earl of South-hampton for many years: after the King came in, Probend of Westminster, and Rector of St. Andrews Holborn, where he was overChurched for his voice, and over-Parished for his temper: He died 1664. Both these good men, though having attained an exact style by penning, they easily retain it in discoursing, yet never came up to the Pulpit but they could say with Luther, Etst jam senes & in concionando exerciti simus, tamen timemus quoties suggestum conscendimus. Such another modest man, the shining of whose face, like that of Moses, was seen to others, though unknown to himself, the highest Star seems least, and the fullest Ear boweth down its head, was Mr. Tabor of St. Margaret's Lothbury, plundered, sequestered, his poor wife and children turned out of doors, he imprisoned in the King's Bench, and afterwards dying in Hertfordshire in want; being rich in Faith, and having been so in good Works. Mr. M●den of Mildred Poultry, that was seen never angry, as the Caspian Sea is said never to ebb or flow, all arts used being not able to provoke him, but one, and that was a hideous oath sworn in his presence, which stirred him, he said, because he thought it would have moved the very stones about him, and the house over their heads; he would not make a strange combustion in the state of his soul, by setting the Beacons on fire at the landing of every Cockboat; it being both a disparagement to the value, and an impeachment to usefulness of that passion to be spent upon any occasion, making people believe sometimes that it's used upon none at all. Being sequestered here, he was preferred beyond Sea, being of reputation every where but in his own Country. Dr. Walton of St. Martin's Orgars, born in Yorkshire, bred in Peter-house in Cambridge, beginning at London first with Mr. Stock, and then being noted for a man of strong parts, great activity and diligence, an extraordinary reach and prudence, whereby he could command any Learning, though he had not much studied it; preferred for himself: very judicious in laying his design, and indefatigable in pursuing it; witness his prosecution of the affair of the London Tyths from 1630 to 1640, making so learned, so exact a a An Abstract whereof is Printed by Mr. Garthwait, and the Manuscript is in Mr. Spence of Zion College his keeping. Collection of Customs, Prescriptions, Laws, Orders, Proclamations, Compositions about those Tyths for many hundred years together, in an irrefragable Tract, that the Judges declared that there was no dealing with the London Ministers, if Mr. Walton pleaded for them: A stout man that understood himself, and therefore feared no man, though being assaulted, sequestered, and plundered, he had been killed, had he not fled to Oxford, where he laid the ground for the most Heroic design of the Polyglot Bible: while he expected the Tides and Returns of business, he filled up the empty places of his leisure with study; learning some Languages, as julius Scaliger did Greek at 40: what a torture was it to him who flowed with streams of matter, then to learn words, yea, letters drop by drop? but nothing was unconquerable to his pains, who had a golden Wit in an iron Body. The War being over, and God having ended the Controversy for that time (for reasons best known to his infinite wisdom) in a way that cut off the most eminent Divines and Scholars of the Church of England, from that Calling to which they were set apart. This public spirited Gentleman, for the glory of God, the clearing of the holy Scriptures in those days of Enthusiasm, the employing and supporting of persecuted Scholars, in a way honourable to the Church, and themselves, then under reproach, drew a draught of the Work (comprehending the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Greek Originals, with the Samaritan Pentateuch; the Samaritan, the Greek Septuagint, the Chaldee, the Syriack, the Arabic, the Aethhiopic, the Persian, and Vulgar Latin Translations, the Latin Translations of the Oriental Texts, and Versions out of the best Copies and Manuscripts, with many additions to the Spanish and French Bibles, and a new method (giving the Text, and all the Translations in one view) with several learned Discourses, various Lections, (about which our Doctor hath a learned Tract against the suggestions of Dr. Owen) Annotations, Indices, all suitable to so great a Work. This draught was by Sr. George Ratcliff, (that Promoter of all honourable Designs) showed the King abroad, who encouraging it with a countenance worthy a Prince, set the Doctor, with the Bishop of London Dr. juxons leave and licence, and all the other Bishops then living consents, upon the completing of it, as he did, beginning 1653, and finishing it 1657, with a Grammar preparatory to it, agreeable to his Motto, a Getting Subscriptions under Noble Persons hands for copies to be delivered, and making Sir, William Humble Treasurer. Labour & Constantia. For which, and his other services, as his late Majesty's Chaplain in Ordinary, he was upon his present Majesty's Return, (to whom he dedicated the Book) preferred to the Bishopric of Chester, a Diocese he had but newly reduced by his discreet practices, rational conferences, great reputation, and unwearied pains, to some measure of regularity, when it pleased God he died, 1661. When their work is done, God sends his servants to bed. He lieth buried in b Towards the upper end of the Choir in the South Isle. St. Paul's Cathedral, with this Monument: Manet heic novissimam Resurrectionis Angeli Tubam BRIANUS WALTON, Cestrensis Episcopus. Epitaphium aliud, ne quaeras Viator Cui luculentum est vel ipsum nomen Epitaphium. Quod si explicatius velis Famam consule non tumulum. Interim Hic ille est (si nescire fas sit) Eximius Doctor Qui sub nupera Tyrannide labanti Ecclesiae Suppetias cum Primis tulit; Clero a Rebelli, Prophanaque Plebe conculcato Improperium Abstulit. Religioni apud nos Reformati Professae Gloriam attulit. Dum (Frement licet Gehenna) Biblia Polyglotta summo, prae caeteris, study, excoluit, Et Excudi procuravit. Ind Utrinque Testamentum promeruit Monumentum, Et maximis Impensis posuit. Quare Longo titulorum Syrmate superbire non indiget Qui nomen jam scriptum habet In Libro Vitae. Decessit Vigiliis St. Andreae, Nou. 29. AEtatis LXII. Consecrationis, 1. Salutis CDICOLXI, And that this Doctor may not, as the Ottoman Princes, to support his own Reputation, suppress that of his younger Brothers, the eminent men contributing to this great work by their advice, assistance, or intercessions, besides those excellent Personages now living, as the most Reverend Fathers in God, Gilbert Shelden Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Richard Stern Lord Archbishop of York, Dr. Merick Casaubon, who procured them a Targum Hierosolymitanum, Dr. Pococke, who lent an Aethhiopic Psalter, and was very helpful in the Arabic Version: The great Scholar and Linguist Mr. Thornedyke, Sir Tho. Cotton. who afforded them many M SS. and Rarities, Dr. Tho. Greaves, Alexander Hugh's Prebend of W●lls, very helpful about the LXX. and the Vulgar Latin, Dr. Bruine Rieves then Dean of Chichester, and Sequestered, now Dean of Windsor; Charles Lodowick Prince Elector, Sir Tho. W●ndy, old Mr. Dudley Lostus of Dublin, as famous for his Learning, as Illustrious by his ancient Extraction, sending over an Aethhiopic New Testament to the Right Honourable the Earls of Bedford, Rutland, Strafford, and Westmoreland, Sir Anthony Chester, Sir Norton Knatchbull, Dr. Barlow of Quee●ns College in Oxford, Sir William Farmer of East Measton in Northamptonshire, notwithstanding his heavy Composition 1400 l. 840 l. Sir Francis Burdet, Mr. john Ashburnham, the Honourable Lords Petre, and Caep●●, since Earl of Fssex, and the great Patrons of Learning, Baptist Lord Viscount Cambden, and the good Lord Maynard, heir to all a Tho foun● 〈…〉 with a 〈◊〉.) of 40 l. per annum. his Father's Virtues, especially to his respects to learning Virtue; Mr. Thomas Smith Fellow of Christ College in Cambridge, and Library-keeper, Mr. Samuel Clerk of Merton College in Oxford, Esquire Bedle, and Architypographus of that University; Mr. Thomas Hyde Library-keeper there, Mr. Richard Drake of Pembroke-hall; and to conclude with one that is all as overlooking and Correcting all, Dr. Edmund Castle, of whom the Bishop saith b Preface to the Poly glotte Bible. truly: In quo Eruditio summa, & magna animi modestia convenere, who is now about a work next in use and renown to that wherein (in reference to the Samaritan, the Syriack, the Arabic, and Aethhiopic Version, he had a chief hand in) I mean, a Polyglot Dictionary; a man, since his worth, if his humility did permit it, might say of its self as c Preface in S. Bib. Quad. Reg. Edit. Arias Montanus doth, De me, ac de meo labour et Industria (quantulacunque ea ●st) nihil profiteor, hoc tamen unum recenseo, me seilicet continuo Immortales Deo gratias agere, quod 10. Idi omatum cognitionem mihi pro sua clementia et henignitate Impertitus sit. I should be ashamed it should be said of us, as it was said of some in Arias his time, that we envied and disregarded his worth so far, ut ad causam dicendam citatus, vix venia Impetrata protantorum laborum praemio secossum in Boetica sua, in quo se bona consci●ntia fretus, sacrorum Librorum Lectione ac Lucubratione solaretur, acceperit. Thuan. hist. Tom. 5. l. 120.) I say, besides those excellent Personages now living, and others already dead and mentioned, as Dean Fuller, Dr. Hammond, Bishop Brownrig, Mr. Patrick Young, one well-deserving of Critical and Historical Learning, his late Majesty's Library keeper, Sir john Helena, who did and suffered much for his Majesty in Dorcetshire and Wiltshire, being forced to turn his Lands to Money, to compound with the Parliament as they called it, having given all his money to the King, as did Walter Helena Esq Devon. who'paid 4●● l. The Earl of lindsey, Dr. Samuel Baker. Besides all these, there were assistants to this Work, these Royalists; 1. Mr. Abraham Wheelocke, born in White-Church Parish in Shropshire, bred Fellow of Clare-hall in Cambridge, where he was Keeper of the public Library, Minister of t. Sepulchers, and Professor of the Arabic Tongue, (erected by Sir Thomas adam's, born at Wem in the same County, the Father of the City of London: who though he suffered much by the late Wars. much by the late Fire, hath besides the Liberal endowing of a Free-School in the House of his Nativity (that others might have their Breeding, where he had his Birth) given 40 l. per annum to maintain that Lecture, a Salary he did promise before, and did settle since the Fire, observing a Rabbinical precept in his Rabbinical Donation, if d Vid. Domint Edward Castle, O●ationem Inanguralem. Edit. 1667 deed. Alderman adam's. thy Goods consume, make Alms of the rest, Gettin 7. 1 Sowing upon the Fires, as he had done upon the Waters) whose immature death about 1654. put a stop, not only to this noble design, the Persian New Testament, lying upon his performance, but to Learning itself; his industry that translated the New Testament into Persia, to convert that Nation, a design some in this age may deride, the effect whereof another age may admire; he that seeth the Acorn set, liveth not to see the grown Timber-Oak; and set out an accurate Edition of Bede in the e 1644. Sir H. Spelman se●led upon him 32. l. per annum, to explain the Saxon tongue public in the University. Saxon Tongue, with a translation and learned Notes upon it, that excelled in Greek (so vast a stowage had his thoughtful soul for Words and Languages) standing in competition upon Andrew Downs his death for the Greek Lecture, having given the earnest of very great expectations for the propagating of Religion and Learning, being able to be the Interpreter general (not only for the Queen of Sheba to Solomon, or the wise men to Herod, but) to mankind, and serve instead of the universal Character, being by the way the likeliest man to make one; this humble and affable man, this juventutis Cantabrigiensis, Doctor ac Pater as one calleth him, died at London in the sixtieth year of his age, and lieth buried in St. Bottolphs' Church near Aldersgate. 2. Dr. Gerard Langbaine, born at Kirke Banton in Northumbeland, Scholar, Fellow, and Provost of Queen's College in Oxford, an in genius man, witness his Greek and Latin Poems, and Speeches; a great Linguist, translating the Review of the Counsel of Trent, translated out of French, a choice book, declaring the dissent of the Gallican Churches from that Council; and Longinus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with Notes, into as good Latin as it was Greek: a public-spirited man, as those that have not Children of their own are fond of other men's; so he, when not at leisure to make his brain the Mother such a Book, he made it the Midwife of Sir john f Adding the Life of the Author, and Preface of his own Cheeks seasonable book of Rebellion and Obedience in the beginning of the Wars, and Sir Henry Spelman of Sacrilege towards the later end of it. An excellent Antiquary, being as skilful to satisfy Doubts, as discreet to compose Controversies, depending upon the Statutes of the University, and of the Land, when Antiquary of the University of Oxford. A good man, because Bishop Ushers bosom-friend; and a great Scholar, because one of Mr. Seldens trusties: he died 1657. of an extreme cold taken by sitting in the University-Library whole Winter days, and thence after his return home, continuing in his study whole Winter nights, without any food or fire: being intent upon the Continuation of Bishop Ushers Chronicle, and Brian Twines Antiquities of the University of Oxford, with other exquisite Pieces of much Learning and Importance, very happy in the Government of his College, keeping up the Exercises of the House by his own Presence, quickening them by his own Essays of Disputing, Oratory, or Poetry, when he Corrected the flatness of the Incongruities of their performances with his own. D. O M. Gerardo Langbaino S. S. Th. Professori Collegii Reginalis per annos xii. Praeposito viro Antiqua pietate, summa Integritate, Ingenio literarum omnium Capaci omnibus supra fidem exculto; judicio Acerrimo, Industria animo pari, cui corpus quamvis validum Impar, literis juvandis propagandisque nato qui temporibus suis omnia, & omnibus naturam suam restituere poterat. In quo nec Collegium cui praefuit, nec Academia cui se Impendit, vel fidem unquam d●sideravit vel successum. Qui saeculo difficillimo inter aestuantes rerum fluctus Clavum rectam tenuit, vixit Annos, L. M. I. D. VI Animam Deo Reddidit A. D. IU. Id. Heb. A.S. MDCL VII. H. M. P. conjux maestissima. 3. Mr. john Selden, who indeed sat a while among the men a Growing popular, and looked upon on the common counsel of the nation upon his pleading with Mr. Noy for a Habeas Corpus of such Gentlemen ●were imprisoned for the refusal of the Loan. at Westminster, but puzzling them in their Debates for the change of Church-Government, and deserting them in their Resolutions for it; gravelling the Houses with smart retorts (as when one urged that Archbishops are not jure divino is no Question; ergo, whether Archbishops who are certainly not jure divino; and Bishops who are not certainly jure divino, should suspend Ministers who are certainly jure divino, I leave to you Mr. Speaker. Mr. Selden answered, That Parliaments are not jure divino, is out of question; That Religion is jure divino, is past dispute; whether Parliaments which without doubt are not jure divino, should meddle with Religion which without doubt is jure Divino, I leave to you Mr. Speaker) and the a Where 〈…〉 Jure Di vi●o the, of Pr●●●by ●y with 14. qut●its, 〈…〉 with 〈…〉 of That Assembl. Assembly, where he was a Sanedrim himself, with learned Collections, making it evident, that Presbytery had as little footing in the the Jewish or Christian Church by his Eastern learning, as Dr. Featley did by his Western. He was bred a Commoner in Trinity College, and Hart-hall in Oxford, and in the Inner-Temple in London, where on the top-stone of his Sepulchre, five foot deep in the ground, is written, Hic Inhumatur Corpus Johannis Seldeni. As on a blue Marblestone, on the surface of that ground is Inscribed: J. Seldenus I. C. hic situs est. And on a Monument of white and black Marble, in the Wall, Graven, Johannes Seldenus Heic juxta situs, natus est 16. Dec. 1584. Salvingtoniae qui viculus est Terring occident alis in Suffexiae maritimis, Parentibus honestis Johanne Seldeno, Thomae Filio, e Quinis secundo Auno 1541. nato. Et Margareta Filia, & baerede unica Tho. Bakeri de Rushington ex Equ● stri. Bakerorum in Cantu familia, silius c cunis superstitum unicus, Aetatis fere 70 Annorum. Denatus est ultimo die Novembris Anno salutis reparatae 1654. per quam expectat heic Resurrectionem faelicem. A large soul, finding that as our Swaddling of Children too close about the Breasts occasioned their being short breathed; so the tying of young wits to narrow Systems and Methods, made them narrowly learned, not fond of the School Rudiments he was initiated to, and utterly neglecting the University Rules he was confined to; he spent his time in making a General Survey of all Learning, and drawing up an Index Materiarum of all Books Printed, and M. SS. he could meet with in the world, to understand which he learned most Languages, so far as to understand their Grammar and Dictionary (and no further, except Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Saxon) being much assisted in that Study by an Analogy of all Tongues, given him by a learned friend in his younger years, whereby he made one Tongue help him to understand and remember another. His industry was great, in the morning's attending his Philosophy, and in the afternoons Collecting Materials for such subjects as he would receive satisfaction in; his body strong, his natural and artificial memory exact, his fancy slow, though yet he made several sallies into Poetry and Oratory, both to relieve his severer thoughts, and smooth and knit his broken and rough stile (made so by the vast matter it was to comprehend) (being taught by Ben johnson, as he would brag, to relish Horace) but judgement sure; his nature communicative: A good Herald, as appears by his Titles of Honour; a great Antiquary, See the Charge given him by Grot. Anny. V. T. and de jure belli, & pacis Pier-vit●. G●ssend. Dielker Disp. Acad. Tom To p. 248. Dr. Duck de usu & Authoritate jur. Civil. Rom. l. 2. c. 8. Capel. Dial. de nom. Jeh, salm. le usur. & alib. Bochar●. Geog. Sacr. as he showed by his Marmora Arundeliana on Drayton's E●dmerus, his many ancient Coins and more modern; rich in his Study and in his Coffers, a skilful Lawyer, discovered by his Observat on Fleta, tenors, Fortesne modus tenendi Parliamentum, and his Arguments; being the readiest man in the kingdom in Records; well seen in all learning as is evident in his History of Tyths, comprehending all Jewish, Heathen, and Christian learning on that subject, his Mare Clausum against Grotius, his Mare Liberum, containing all the Laws, Customs and Usages of the World, in that point; his Vxor Hebraica, de Synedriis Lex naturae secundum consuetudines Hebraick, being Monuments of his insight in the Jewish learning; his books de Diis Syris, being an instance how well he understood how the Heathen Fables was the corruption of Sripture-truth, and how the Gentile Learning might be made subservient to Christian Religion; his Book of Tyths, Printed 1616. gave offence, for the Preface of it disparaging the Credit a 〈…〉 credited by their their B●ad, Tule, and Habit, and skilled in nothing, but Hreviaics, Postils, and the Polyanthen. of our Clergy in point of learning; and for the Matter, prejudicing their interest in point of profit (though answered by Sir james Temple, for the legal and historical part; Mr. Nettles of Queen's College Cambridge, a great Talmudist, for the Judaical part; by Mr. Montague and Dr. Tilsley, Archdeacon of Rochester, for the Greek and Latin learning, with the Ecclesiastical History) the fiercest storm, saith one, that fell on Parsonage Barns since the Reformation; but he omitted that 28. Ianu. 1618. before four Bishops, and four Doctors of Law, and a Public Notary, he tendered his submission and acknowledgement for his presumption in that Book, under his Hand, in these very words. My good Lords, I Most humbly acknowledge my error which I have committed, in publishing the History of Tithes, and especially, in that I have at all, by showing any Interpretation of holy Scriptures, by meddling with Counsels, Fathers, or Canons, or by whatsoever occurs in it, offered any just occasion of Argument, against any right of maintenance of jure Divino, of the Ministers of the Gospel; beseeching your Lordships to receive this ingenuous, and humble acknowledgement, together with the unfeigned protestation of my grief, for that through it I have so incurred both his Majesties and your Lordship's displeasure, conceived against me in behalf of the Church of England. john Selden. Which his submission and acknowledgement being received, and made an Act of Court, was entered into the public registry thereof by this Title following, viz. Officium dominorum contra. Joh. Seldenum de inter. Templo Lond. Armiger. I am loath to think, that the Play Ignoramus Acted at Cambridge, 1614 to make some sport with Lawyers, was the occasion of this History published 1616. to be even with Divines; but apt to think that the latitude of his mind, tracing all parts of Learning, did casually light on the Road of this Subject, handling it, as he did all others, with great freedom; according to the Motto written in all his books (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉). The foresaid Submission was accompanied with an humble Letter afterwards, with his own hand to Bishop Laud, wherein many expressions of his contrition, much condemning himself for Writing a book of that nature, and for Prefacing such a book with insolent reflections of that kind: And this Letter seconded with an Apology in Latin to all the world, to clear himself from the least suspicion of disobedience to Government, or disassection to the Church; and that Apology, backed with a Dedicatory Epistle to Archbishop Laud, expressing great reverence to his Function and an honourable respect to his Person, for his great design for the advancement of Universal Learning, and the truly Catholic Religion; whereupon the recommended him for Burgess to the University of Oxford, in the Long Parliament; which, and an intimate acquaintance with the honourable Io. Vanghan, Esq of Troescod, to whom he Dedicated some of his Books, and Bishop Usher, who Preached at his Funeral, he reckoned the greatest honours of his life. He was outed that Parliament (to use his own words) by those men that deposed his Majesty. Dr. Matthew Grissith, born in London, bred in Brazen-nose College in Oxford, Lecturer at St. Dunstan's in the West, under Dr. Donnes' inspection, whose favourite he was; Minister of Maudelins Fish-street London, by his donation. For telling the Citizens, that they sent in their Bodkins, Thimbles &c. to furnish out the Cause, as the Children of Israel did their Earrings and Jewels, only these had a Calf for theirs, whereas they were likely to have a Bull for theirs; and for a Sermon at St. Paul's about the peace of jerusalem, Sequestered, Plundered, Imprisoned in Newgate, and forced to fly to Oxford, whence he returned, continuing Prayers and other Ordinances in London, according to the Established Laws of the Church of England during the Usurpation, enduring seven violent Assaults, five Imprisonments, the last of which was at Newgate, 1659. for a Sermon, Called fear God, and honour the King, Preached at Mercers-Chappel (pardon one big with his Loyalty, if he Longed for his Majesty's Restauration, before the Design of it was ripe) he died Minister of the forsaid Maudlin Parish, Lecturer of the Temple London, and Rector of Bladon in Oxford-shire, where he departed, Octob. 14. Anno Aetatis 68 Domini 65. having broken a Vein in the earnest pressing of that necessary point, Study to be quiet and follow your own business; and ventured his Life at Bazing-house, where his Daughter manly lost hers. To whom I will subjoin his neighbour Mr. Chostlen of Fryday-street, Assaulted in his house, Sequestered, Plundered, Imprisoned, first in one of the London Compters, and afterwards in Colchester-Goal. And gentile Mr. Bennet of St. Nicholas Acons, who (as Bishop Usher would say, he Preached Perkins so long till he was able to imitate him) Preached Seneca and St. Bernard so much, till they attained a sententiousness as happy as theirs, and art of Preaching, that is, of Collecting, Composing, and Delivering their discourses by having those things, whereof they themselves had only some imperfect confused Notion, fully and clearly represented to their view, from the discoveries that other men have made after much study and experience. Dr. Tho. Howel, born at Nangamarch near Brecknock in Brecknockshire, bred Scholar and Fellow of jesus College in Oxford; smooth and meek in his Conversation and his Sermons, by both gliding softly and unperceivably into the hearts of all that knew him, but those that first vexed him out of St. Stephens Walbrook London, where he was Minister; and afterwards sequestered him for going away: whereupon his Majesty promising himself good effects of his clearness, candour, solidness, sweetness, eloquence, and good repute, recommended him to the Diocese of Bristol, 1644. where like a He being made a Scythian Bishop, found but 15 Christians in his Diocese, and left but 15 Heathens there. Gregory Thaumaturgus, he found few well-affected to the Church, and left few dis-affected; upon which account that honourable City, as I have been told, hath taken care for his children's comfortable Education, out of gratitude to their Father in Christ. A man not only flourishing with the verdure and Spring of Wit, and the Summer of much Learning, and Reading; but happy in the Harvest of a mature Understanding, and a mellow Judgement in matters Politic and Prudential, both Ecclesiastical and Civil: one who, like Diogenes, confuted the Enemies of his Function, not his Person, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by circumspect walking. He died about the year 1646. and his brother Mr. james Howell of the same College, mentioned by Sir Kenelm Digby in his discourse of the Sympathy Cure of Wounds at Montpelier, with so much respect, Secretary to the Lord Scroop when Precedent of the Council in the North; relating to my Lord Conway in the Marriage-Treaty with Spain, many particulars whereof may be met with in his familiar Letters, which, as all private Letters, do give the best History I meet with in that and other affairs of that Time; Assistant to Sir. R. Mansel in the Glass-Works, and in some place about the Clerks of the Council before the late Civil Wars, when he was imprisoned in the Fleet; where, and in other places of his suffering, he wrote 49 Books, most Translations out of b He hath out a Pentaglot Dictionary of Modern Languages, and a Portugez Grammar. French, Spanish, Italian, and Portugez, wherein he had a good faculty, and a great advantage, with a handsome c The peculiar excellency of his Dodcna's Grove, two Parts: Translated into French with applause. Parabolical and allusive fancy, according to his Motto, Senesco non segnesco: He died, 1665. Mr. Lance of St. Michael in the Quern, a grave man, and Minister: to whom his people would have given their right eyes, till he began to open them, by telling them the truth. A choice man in the Books he read, and in the friends he conversed with; many men's excellent parts are kept low for want of a well contrived, and by reason of a scant ill chosen Library. The knowledge of Books, as it is a specious, so he would say, it was an useful part of Learning, as whereby upon any emergent doubt or difficulty, a man may have recourse unto the advice of grave and learned men, who it may be have bestowed a great part of their time and study in the resolution of that particular business. The presence of a Bishop at a Marriage, is a Licence; and his appearance before the War was, among his Neighbours, countenance enough to any action: the good he did by the holy Ingenuity of his private Visitations (wherein his discourses were quick and cheerful) was not inferior to the effects of his public administration; those indeed making way for these, and by his inviting looks (far from the threatening aspects of some men) to both the predominant habit of the Mind by the conformity of the Fancy, spirit, blood, and constitution to those habits; (like the black and yellow Jaundice) leaving a notable tincture and signature on the eye and aspect, especially when men come to be fixed in their desires and designs, vultu promisit quicquid vita praestitit; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. de Basil. fornia innocentissimus, ingenio florentissimus, propositio sanctissimus, & vit a innocentissimus: in a word, he was one well seen in the different conditions of the people of God, which he studied, that he might divide the Word aright, and give unto every one a due proportion to every state. Impatient of two things in a Sermon, a jeering Irony, or a furious Zeal; advising, that if the matter required a passion, it should be the zeal of a displeased Friend, rather than the biterness of a provoked Enemy; to convince, rather than exasperate: He died, 1665. Dr. Swadlin of St. Bololph Aldgaie, sequestered, plundered, imprisoned at Gresham College and Newgate, his wife and children turned out of doors, he himself administering to most of the Martyrs before their death, and preaching so boldly in the behalf of both their Majesties, as if he did intend to be a Martyr himself; saying, when he heard of some horrid action of the Adversary, Blessed be God now their oppressions are at highest they will be at an end, the night is darkest ever upon the break of day. Dr. Walter Balcanguel, known by his place, and discreet interposals in the Synod of Dort, when very young; representing the Church of Scotland, by his shrewd accounts of that Synod, when something d See ●is l●tters to Sir Dudley Carleton in Mr. H●les Remains. farther in years; a very pathetic Preacher (having a great command (as Orators should) over his own affections and his Hearers) and a notable prudential man; he being Duke Hamiltons' creature, having the draught of the grand Declaration about the Scotch affairs, for which he was made Dean of Durham, as he was before Master of the Savoy; one of a nimble wit and clear expression, sequestered, plundered, and forced to fly; in which condition he died in Chirk Castle, 1644. Dr. Thomas Fuller, born at O●ndle in Northamptonshire, where his Father was Minister, and bred in Queens and Sidney Colleges in Cambridge, under Dr. Ward, and Dr. Davenant; Master of a good Method, and by that of an e Being able to repeat 500 strange words after twice hearing of them, and to make use of any man's Exercise or Sermon verbatim, if he once but either s●w or heard it. extraordinary memory, which qualified him for an excellent Historian, and by keeping the coherence of things in his mind, for a great Wit, his Writings are very facetious, and where he is careful, judicious; his Pisgah sight is the exactest; his Holy War and State, the wittiest; his Church-History the unhappiest, written in such a time when he could not do the truth right with safety, nor wrong it with honour; and his Worthies, not finished at his death, the most imperfect. A good natured man, a As in B●sh●p Citizens' 〈◊〉 Case, and several others. too credulous; and a witty man, too quick; considering that every thing is big with Jest, if we have the vein; not so well skilled where to spare his Jests, as where to spend: at once serious, and Cheerful; moderate in his judgement and practice, and therefore faring as moderate men use to do, who are suspected on both sides, and Guests at the middle of a Table, who can reach to neither Mess either above or beneath. He was so good Company, that happy the person that could enjoy him; either Citizens, Gentlemen, or b The Earl of C●●lisle and G. Lord Berkley especially: See his Dedicati●ons in his Church History. The old E●●l of Bristol, and Bishop, offered him a noble competency to live with them; ●he old Earl being much p●●as●d with his company, when he was Chaplain to the P. Henat Exeter. Noblemen: he removing up and down out of an aequanimous civility to his many worthy friends, that he might so dispense his much desired company among them, that no one might monopolise him to the envy of others: so general a Scholar that it was his insight into every thing he had read, that (together with his thinking and meditating nature, out of which he could not be got sometimes for several hours together) made his fancy so nimble, that as soon as he heard any subject, he was able to speak to it, taking not above two hours' time to recollect himself for his Sermons. He was very communicative of what he knew himself, and very dextrous in drawing out what others known; patient of much impertinent beating the Bush, to catch the Hare at last. He was a c See his Sermons and Meditations, the handsome dress of which, doth 〈◊〉 their useful matters to the Readers, not only head, but heart. serious Christian, though a witty man. Lamprey is delicious meat, if you take the string out of the back of it; and Fancy a pleasant thing, if we correct it, be not profane against God, inhuman against the dead (making Mummy of dead men's flesh) unmerciful against men's natural defect, uncivil against a man's own reputation, or unseasonable to a man's condition. So intent upon the public good, that he minded neither his own Estate, Habit, or Carriage; regarding so little the World that I wonder, he being outed from the Savoy, and his Prebend of Salisbury for a Book he writ, against which Mr. Saltmarsh engaged, and not regarded; when waiting on my Lord Berkly to his Majesty upon his Restauration at the Hague, and preaching before his Majesty at Whitchall, he should die with grief in May, the year of our Lord 1661. and of his age 53. having been Minister of Broad-windsor in Dorsetshire, at Waltham in Essex, at ●ran●ord in Middlesex; Lecturer at Savoy, St. Brides, St. Andrews Holborn, and St. Clement's Eastcheap; Chaplain to the Lord Hopton, and to both their Majesties Charles the I. and II. He preserved the memory of many a worthy person, it is pity that we should not preserve his, who would say that the Art of Memory (going farther than Common-places) spoilt the nature of it; and that every man may be excellent if he see betimes what he is sit for, as he did, who began with small Histories, and finding his Genius much inclined that way, resolved upon greater, promising his Ecclesiastical History 14 years before it came out; the Errors whereof, Dr. Heylin corrected smartly, and he either confessed or excused ingeniously, pleasing his Reader with those faults he so wittily Apologizeth for. And because Dr. Heylin and he agreed so lovingly in their mutual d See their Letters one to another. charity one towards another at last, after they had differed in Opinion at first, Let Dr. Heylin dwell by him, a Gentleman born in Oxfordshire or Berk-shire; happy in his good Education under Mr. Hugh's School master of Burford, to whom he dedicated a Book in gratitude 1656. and under Mr. Frewen in Magdalen College in Oxford, where he was Demy and Fellow, being delighted from his Childhood in History, he studied Historically, taking in all sorts of Learning in the way of History and Chronology; the first specimen was his Geography in 40. Printed 1621. Dedicated to Prince Charles, and improved (upon a Fellows shouldering him as he went along King street in the beginning of the Troubles, and saying, Geography is better than Divinity, i. e as he understood, he had better success in writing Geography than Divinity) to a large and exact Folio, the best now extant. Having made his way to the Court, and traveled into France● (of which Travels he hath given us an account in his Survey of 〈…〉) he was admitted to the Earl of Denbighs attendance, when he was sent by his Majesty into Guernsey and Iers●y 1628. where he made such observations to present Bishop Laud, to whom he then 〈◊〉 himself, as might let him see, he was not altogether uncapable of managing such public business, as he might afterwards think fit to entrust him withal; which succeeded so well, that in a short time after, the Bishop recommended him to his Majesty for Chaplain in Ordinary, and by degrees employed him in such affairs of moment and weight, as rendered his service not unuseful to the Church or State; his Lordship aiming at primitive Purity, enjoining him to draw up the History of the Controversy then in being's as having vindicated the History of St. George, the Patron of the Royal Order of the Garter, 1630. and thereby obliged most of the Nobility of that Time, he did in his History of the Sabbath, of Episcopacy, of a 〈◊〉 ●●tidotum Lincolniens●. Altars, of b In his Eccl●sia vindicata. Liturgies, of the Quinquarticular Controversy, the Reformation, Tithes, Calvinisin, and its inconsistency with Monarchy, and his Historical Exposition upon the Creed; clearing up the truth by the Histories, Laws, Counsels, Fathers, and other Writers of the Church; and discovering the Occasion, Original, and Progress of every Error. An Employment that raised him many Adversaries; as, 1. Dr. Prideaux, who when Mr. Heylin stated these two Questions in the Schools 1627. An Ecclesia unquam suerit Invisibilis? An Ecclesia possit errare? In the Negative, and made good the first, not by the visibility of the Church (as Dr. Prideaux in his Lectures had done) in the Berengarians, Waldenses, Wiclivists, Hussites, (among whom the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy failed) but in Asia, Aethiopia, Greece, Italy, yea, Rome itself, where Bellarmine himself mantained many Fundamental Points very well against Ancient and Modern Heretics, concluding thus (utinam quod ipse de Calvino ste semper errasset nobilissimus Cardinalis) cried him down for Papicola, Bellarminianus, Pontificius; and when 1633. he stated these Questions. An Ecclesia habeat Authoritatem, 1. In determinandis side Controversis? 2. Interpretandi Scripturas? 3. Discern●●●● Kitus, & Caeremonias? in the Affirmative, according to the ●oth. Article of the Church of England, in the truest Edition of them, which Mr. Heylin (when the false one published in the Harmony of Concessions at Geneva 1612. was urged) sent for into the Schools; the like expressions, for which Dr. Prideaux had three checks from the King and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Heylin clearing himself so well in the point of popery by his Sermon on john 4. Our Fathers worshipped on this Mountain; and by his Sermon on the Parable of Tares, that some of the Court (who before had been otherwise persuaded of him) Did not stick to say that he had done more towards the subversion of Popery in those Sermons, than Dr. P. had done in all the Sermons he had preached in his life. 2. Dr. Hackewell in several bitter passages against his book of St. George, and his Antidotum Lincolniense, published in the beginning of the Long Parliament, not only to confute, but destroy him. 3. Dr. Benard upon some expressions that sell from him about the Article of the Church of Ireland, and Bishop Ushers advice about the Earl of Stafford. 4. Bishop Williams, against whom he writ his Autidotum Lincolni●●se, who when he was Preaching struck the Pulpit at Westminster with his staff, and called to him to proceed to another point. And 5. the Parliament, to whom he gave very great satisfaction in all those points objected against him; until the Tumults growing high, he was forced to fly to Oxford, where his Majesty commanded his constant attendance, when his course was over, for a service of very great Importance; whence going to Winchester, Windsor, and at last settling at Lacy's Court near Abingdon and Oxford, he continued maintaining his Master's Cause and Truth by Argument, when it was lost by Arms, never dismantling the strong hold of his Principles, nor yielding up his reason to those men to whom his Person was subject, as well as his Estate, for which he paid Composition 374 l. Vindicating the Church, Correcting the Errors a Mr● Puller, Mr Sandersen, Mr. Lestrange, Mr. Hick●nan, whom he str●n●gly discovered in the the very phrases he had borrowed from him and others, to feather his Book. of every History that came out, writing several exact Histories of his own; with no other assistance than a poor A●●anuensis, as he writ to Bishop Skinner that understood no Greek, and but very little Latin. A bold and an undaunted man both among his friends and his foes, but one in whom my Lord of Canterbury, Laud, put so much Confidence, that he sent for him one day, and weeping, told him of the increase of Popery, and an honourable Person lately perverted by them in Wales, entreating him who was then young when he should be called into their places that were now old, to have a strict eye upon that party, giving him rules to that purpose. In fine. Dr. Heylin died with the choicest Collection of of ancient and modern History of any man in his time, and with the greatest zeal to serve the King and Church with that Collection, and buried in the North Isle of Westminster-Abby, with this Monument over him. Hic Jacet Prope depositum Petri Heylin S.T.D. Hujus Ecclesiae Praebendarii & Subdecani viri plane memorabilis Egregiis Dotibus Instructissimi jugenio acri & faecundo Judicio subacto Memoria ad Prodigium tenaci cui adjunxerat. Incredibilem in studiis patientiam Quae cessantibus oculis non cessabant scripsit varia & plurima (Quae jam manibus hominum teruntur) & Argumentis non vulgaribus stylo non vulgari suffecit. Constans ubique Ecclesiae, & Majestatis Regiae assertor nec florentis magis utriusque quam affiictae; Ideoque Perduellium, & Schismaticae factionis Impugnator acerrimus contemptor Invidiae. Et Animo Infracto plura ejusmodi meditanti mors Indixit silentium; ut sileatur efficere non potest. Obiit Anno Aetatis 63. Domini 1662. Posuit hoc illi Maestissima Conjux. Dr. Daniel Featly, Minister both of Lambeth and Acton, the one in Middlesex, and the other in Surrey, bred Fellow of Corpus Christi in Oxford, whereof his Father was a Servant; who the third New-years-day in his life Presented him a Pie to the Reverend Doctor that was his Godfather, and he dedicated him to the Church; taking care for his Education in that University, in or near which he had his Nativity: where his judgement grew so acute, and his fancy so florid, that for his Elegant and rational performances in the Schools, Bishop Morton then accidentally at Oxford, admitted him to his intimate friendship. The College put him upon the Admirable Panegyric of the Founder; Dr. Reynolds chose him for one of the witnesses of his death; the House enjoined him being then Dean of Arts, the making of his Funeral Oration, as afterward he did himself, the writing of his Life: The Church then in a Upon Archbishop bancroft's motion. 1611 a Convocation pitched upon him being then twenty four years old, to write that Life of Bishop jewel that is set with Bishop Overalls' Preface before his Works, as they were then Presented before King james; the University made him Rehearser 1610. Doctor afterwards, Bishop Io. King, Mr. Bates of Trinity, Mr. Dunster of St. Mary Magdalen, and Mr. Ozbaston of Christ-Church, being the Preachers, as the Bishop of London did 1618. at St. Paul's Cross, Dr. Warberton Dean of Wells, Doctor since Bishop Hall, b Formerly Fellow of N●w Col●●in Oxf. Dr. Hacket, Bishop White, being the Preachers, an employment he the easier performed the great Task he urged to impose upon himself, being the Rehearsing emphatically of the choicest Pieces for Oratory and Poetry he could meet with, every morning next his heart taking some smart Periods till his Authors were turned to his constitution; these his happy Exercises, with his ready and exact skill in all Arts and Sciences, which he had in numerato for any present occasion (being a perfect Master of his Learning) either of acute Disputing, or Elegant Preaching, or convincing Conference, recommended him to the retinue of Sir Tomas Edmunds when he went Leaguer Ambassador into France, where at Fauxburgh St. Germane 1610. 1611, 1612. his Sermons about Apostasy and halting, Confirmed thirty two persons of good worth in the Protestant Religion; his Discourses of the benefit of Afflictions, comforted eight persons under sufferings for that Religion: and his Sermons of Idolatry and Corruptions, converted eighteen to it; besides that, his three Disputations there (upon some grounds and Collections he had made out of the Papists own writings, he having by the advantage of his Memory and Logic, an admirable faculty of overthrowing an Adversary a His g●and Sacrilege of the Church of Rome about the Cup, his Parallels, his case of Spectaeles, and ●is Vertumnus Romanus. by his own Concessions or Principles) are confessed by Holden to have done more harm to the Popish Cause, than thirty three he had read of before. Indeed he had three things that would make a stupendious Disputant. 1. A calm temper, enjoying his Adversaries frets, and taking advantage of his disorders. 2. A voluble tongue used to discourse in the Club, that always attended Dr. Featley. 3. His rubbing over every year his Memory with Definitions, Divisions and Maxims, both in Philosophy and Divinity. In so much, that he was upon his return taken in to be Chaplain to Archbishop Abbot, by whom he was instructed with the Licensing of Books, the examining of Clerks, and the drawing up of his Brother Bishop R. Abbot's Life, his Consecration Sermons, and other occasional Exercises while he was in this capacity, are extant; and his respectful and quick dispatch of every man with satisfaction (taking care that none should go away sad from his Lord) fresh in many men's Memory, as are applauded Clerums, and his admirable Exercises, for his degree; all instances of what an holy Wit and sanctified Learning could perform; by the Archbishop he was preferred to Lambeth, where, and throughout Southwark, London, and Westminster, he was, as appears by his many occasional Ser'mons much respected. 1. For his Disputations with, and Writings against Popery; especially, when Bishop White had wisely cast the Net to take Fisher, Dr. Featley helped to draw it out. 2. For his constant Preaching, having not miss the morning Sermon, as then observed, for five years together, so even and constant grows the excellent man. 3. The savouriness of his Sermons, not altogether Wit, for that had been to feed his Hearers with Sauce instead of Meat; nor altogether with Disputation, for that were to feed them with Stones instead of Bread; but setting before them wholesome Doctrines, in an exact method, and an acute expression. 4. His Faithful adherence to his Flock during two great Sicknesses, in one of which he Composed that excellent Piece so often Printed, called, The Handmaid to Devotion. 5. His value of good men, particularly Mr. Tho. Gataker (whom he carried always in his Bosom, as he did him an overseer of his life) Son of Tho. Gataker Minister of St. Edmund Lumbard-street, Scholar of St. john's, one of the first Fellows of Sidney College, who grew a good Divine by Family-exercises at Mr. Ailoffes' house in Essex, and an excellent Scholar by private Lectures, begun his Ministry at a small Vicarage under an old man near Cambridge, continued it in Sir Will. Cooks Family in London, and at Lincolns-Inn, for ten years, and at Rotherith in Surrey (whither he was recommended by Sir Henry Hobart and Sir R. Crew, to prevent an Abby-lubber) and where as in Lincolns-Inn he reform Sabbath-Abuses, and Preached freely a Catachetical Lecture every Friday throughout the body of Divinity) for forty two years. One whose memory was the best Library extant, whose family was an Academy for Englishmen and Foreigners, with whom he compared Studies every night, to his and their great advantage: correspondence with Salmasius and others, universal as his study, whose charity was secret, meekness open, self-denial in waving Prince Henry's service, and the Earl of Manchesters' offer of the Mastership of Trinity College in Cambridge signal, having traveled to the Low-Countries 1620. having been four times Married, Visitor of three public Schools, seen ten of his assistants eminent Ministers in the Church, gone through the body of Divinity in his Family nine times, having written twenty two Books in Latin, and sixteen in English of his, and revised above an hundred Books of others, bewailing the Schism, which in the Assembly he endeavoured to moderate. He died july 27. 1954. in the eightieth year of his age. ● say Dr. Featleys' value of good men, was a fifth particular, that endeared him to many good people. Yet this good man after a a See his disputation in his Dipper Dipped. Disputation in Southwark, Octob. 17. 1642. wherein he overthrew the Anabaptists; taking a good method, Catechising them first, to discover their ignorance in the Grounds of Religion, before they disputed to show their Opinions in the Controversies of it; and adding to his arguments against them (what was indeed the shrewdest argument) an History of them; and several Speeches in the Assembly; in which he was though not of it, against the Covenant, and other extravagancies of those times, was Sequestered, Plundered, and upon a Letter he sent to Bishop Usher in Oxford, Subscribed ●. ●. i e. Fidelity, as they interpreted, giving an account of his shrewd argument against the Covenant, imprisoned as a Spy, and upon his declaring before the Committee, that he could not be of another mind, continued in Peter-house (notwithstanding his great assistance to the Assembly in the Comment on St. Paul's Epistle, undertaken by him in bonds, where they were most written, upon an humble Letter written to him from the whole Assembly) till a little before he died he was removed to Chelsey-Colledge, whereof he was the third and last Provost; making no other reflection upon his sufferings, than the answer he gave Mr. White the Chairman, when he told him he must suffer. Nec mihi ignominiosum est puti, quid passus est Christus, Nec tibi gloriosum est facere, quod fecit Judas. Siste gradum viator Paucis te volo Hic situs est Daniel Featleus Impugnator Papismi; Propugnator reformationis Instigator Assiduae pietatis Tam studio quam ex●rcitio Theologus Insignis Disputator Strenuus Concionator Egregius Pusillus Atlas vegetior a certaminibus. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Facete candidus, candid facetus, D. D. Featleus qui Natus Charltoniae educatus Oxonii Aetatis suae 65. 17 Obiit Chelsei, Sepultus fuit Lambethae Aprilis Anno salutis 21 1645. To make up this Catalogue complete, I will conclude with, 1. Dr. Cattesford, Rector of Hadley and Monks-Ely in Suffolk, Sequestered for a strict observation of the Canons, for entreating the people to repair to their Ministers for Ghostly Comfort and Advise, for refusing to read the Parliaments Declarations, or approve of their Proceedings. 2. Dr. Roberts, Fellow of Trinity College, and Rector of Hambledon in the County of Bucks; a grave and modest man, a general Scholar, and an accurate Preacher, Sequestered for declaring it unlawful upon any pretence to raise Arms against the King; a Doctrine which he made good by the Testimonies of all the Fathers, and Modern Divines; and was told, that if they were alive now, they would be of another mind. 3. Dr. N. Andrews, Rector of Guildford, and Vicar of Godliman in Surrey, Sequestered for saying, that long Sermons went beyond St. Peter's Sword, cutting off both Ears; and that the surfeit of the Word is most dangerous, and that Prayer was as good as Preaching; and for lifting up the Bread and Wine at the consecration of it with reverence; together with his dislike of reprobation, and refusing to publish their Orders about destroying the Ornaments of the Church. 4. Dr. Io. Mountford, Rector of Austie, in the County of Hertford, Sequestered for saying that God was present by the presence of his Grace in the places of his Worship, and therefore he reverenced God when he came into such a place, usually ordering that part of the 43. Psalms, Then shall I to the Altar go, of God, etc. to be sung as he went to second Service; for tying Lecturers to Catechise within his jurisdiction, for religiously adorning his Church and Chancel. 5. Dr. james Mountford, Rector of Tewing, in the County of Hertford, Sequestered for bringing his people to order and discipline, as Kneeling at Communions, and for teaching, That if the King were an Idolater, we should not (as the Apostles did not) take Arms against him; together with refusing to contribute to the Parliament Cause, and discouraging them that did. 6. Dr. jefferies', Fellow of Pembroke-hall in Cambridge, Chaplain to Archbishop Abbot, Vicar of Feversham and Ticehurst in Kent, a methodical Scholar, and a melting Preacher, Sequestered for Preaching that the Episcopal Government was Apostolical; that Bishops, Priests, and Deacons under the Gospel, answered to High-priests, Priests, and Levites under the Law; as the Presbyterians did Corah, Dathan, and Abiram; for not admitting the House of Commons Lecturer into his Church, and not observing their Fasts: a mirror of patience under tortures of the Gout racking his whole body: He died at Mr. Challenor Chutes house, who said he would plead for Bishops as long as he had a tongue, 1658. 7. Dr. Io. Gorsuck of Walherne in Hertford-shire, Sequestered for sending a good horse to serve his Majesty, and a bad one to serve the Parliament. 8. Mr. Ed. Thurman, Rector of Hallingbury in Essex, for pressing his Parishioners to receive the Communion orderly at the Rails. 9 Dr. Edward Marten, Minister of Houghton-Conquest in Bedford-shire, and of Dunnington in Cambridge-shire, Sequestered for blessing God for the examples of the Saints departed, and Preaching much upon holy Reverence and Obedience; as likewise for lending and giving his Majesty money, besides those turned out in both Universities, for refusing the Covenant, and disowning the Parliaments Authority to Visit the Universities, whereof his Majesty was by their Statutes, Visitor, as his Predecessors were Founders in Oxford. Dr. Samuel Fell, Student, Prebendary, and Dean of Christ-Church, and Margaret Professor of Divinity, a strict observer of Discipline, and a great pattern of Charity, having eluded the first commission of the Visitors by a prudent demur and delay, and with excellent a Called the Reasons of the University of Oxf. which all the Parliament Divines refused to answer. Reasons penned by Dr. Saunderson against the Covenant, and by Dr. Langbain against the Visitation honourably neglected; the second turned out so violently, that his sick Wife was carried out in a Chair, to make way to a Presbyterian successor, as his was a little while after (Digitus Dei) to make way for an Independent one. Dying heartbroken, not for his own sufferings, but his Majesties; he left a Son heir of his zeal, the Reverend Dr. Io. Fell now Dean of Christ Church, who kept up the Devotions and Orders of the Church of England in his Brother-in-law Dr. Willis, the accurate Natural Philosopher and Physician at Oxford, Lodgings and House, supported the Members of it by a great part of his Estate, and kept up the honour of it by his example. Dr. Robert Sanderson, of the Noble Family of the sanderson's in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, bred under a methodical Master at Lincoln School, and an exact Tutor at Lincoln College, who improved his pregnant Wit, his large Understanding, his faithful Memory, his solid Judgement, made more so by method and a deep Apprehension, his hopeful Seriousness, his silent Sedentary, and astonishing Industry, to that exactness, which stuck to him to his dying day (and he would observe that exactness or strictness in laying the grounds of Learning, had their respective influences upon the superstructure.) In his younger days he learned an Art of Memory, for being enjoyed, when young, to learn what he understood not, he was compelled to make use of similitudes, and to remember those things he knew not, by thinking upon something like them he knew. Being Serious in his Design, Prudent in his Study, Industrious in his Way, Clear in his Apprehension, Searching in his Disquisitions, Serene, Orderly, and Methodical in his thoughts; Sober and Civil in his Carriage (his Tuition having added to his great parts, that Humility, Meekness, Modesty, Obedience, and Civility, as advantaged by his good Disposition, rendered him to his last, Submissive to Superiors, Obliging to his Equals, Tender to his Inferiors, Affable and Charitable, (good Discipline in youth begets an habit of Obedience in riper years) his thoughtful Soul struggling with the Intricacies, Perplexities, Darkness, and Confusion of Nature; and intent upon a genuine Apprehension of things, rather than a toilsome Collection of words, save so much Grammar as enabled him to speak his mind properly; so much Rhetoric, as to express it Perswasively; and so much Logic, as might order, guide, and direct his thoughts Methodically; in apprehending things Distinctly, in judging of them Exactly, in finding out the truth that lieth in them Successfully, in discovering the errors, deceits, and fallacies imposed upon us, about them Evidently; and urging the truths found out Convincingly. His way was, 1. To write the Rules his Tutor suggested, or his Books afforded (for he writ most he read, or heard, as he said, To stay his active and young soul upon things, till he had distinctly conceived them. 2. To debate the Rules he writ with his friends, whereof he always kept a Club. 3. To practise them upon some question or other, till they became as his native reason, as his own soul, whereby he attained afterwards in all cases a great happiness to comprehend things deeply and fully, State Controversies exactly, to lay them before others clearly, solidly, compendiously, and impartially; to find out the merit of a cause, the right state of a question exactly, reasoning convincingly and demonstratively, alleging closely and pertinently, with observations choice and prudent, deductions clear and genuine, expressions apt, suitable, weighty, and accurate; and the whole discourse even and steady, made up of abstract notions of reason, experience and religion; being sure to state the words in a question or case. What is controverted (as there will be very little when words, and things are well understood) must be clearly laid down (would he say) as it is understood on all hands, and convincingly proved by a proper reason from the nature of the thing, or uncontrolled authority, pressed and cleared from all evasions, cavils, and Subterfuges; which cavils must be proposed faithfully, and honestly, and answered briefly, fully, ingeniously, candidly, and modestly. Insomuch, that as he composed a new Logic, an excellent way of reasoning; so he was many years the public Reason of the Church, as her a See ●is Se●mons full of ca●es about our Discip●●n● and Ceremo●is best Casuist; and of the University, as her accurate King's Professor of b Se● his Lectures there ●e Jurament to, & 〈…〉 Divinity: He sorted every word he read to its proper head, ● having a vast Index materiarum, where to put his reading and meditations, drawn by himself, by him) he made it his business to know, rather distinctly and exactly, than much; though he that digesteth a few things throughly and methodically (so much doth one part of learning well understood, depend upon, and illustrate all) knoweth every thing. His Fellowship he reckoned a great advantage, by good converse, to improve his first years of prudence and discretion; and his Pupils (among whom the Lord Hopton was one) a great help by giving him opportunity to observe the several weaknesses of reason, and the respective remedies. Eleven hours was his usual allotment for study, though there was hardly a minute of his time but was full of his affairs either of necessity, civility, or study. It cost him so much sad thoughts to go through any subject in his unnering and accurate way, that as he writes in his Preface to the book of the Obligation of Conscience, that he could do nothing until he needs must; his mind running up and down till penned up, and confined by necessity; of which he used to say as Pythagoras: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Having attained a grave and comely carriage, a plain and solemn garb, becoming a man that always meditated some good and great design; an even, calm, and deliberate, serious, and well-ordered habit of words and action; an innocently facetious converse, tempered and allayed with gravity, good counsels, and an excellent example; a temperance and moderation made up of Epictetus his two words, Sustine, & Abstine; none in judgement more for Liberty in those things that were c Se●●is Xl. Sermons ●d Au●●n. lawful, and none in practice more Cautious in those things that were not expedient. Having his youthful heat abaded and fined into a mature prudence, and an exact Learning, and his soul knit into compleatness and resolution, resigning his Fellowship in a way agreeable to the will of the Founder, and the present good of the College and the University, as well as the future benefit of the Church; in compliance with the expectation of the University and the Church, together with his own inclination (who would always say, That employment was improvement) he was for many years Minister of Booth by Pagnel in Lincolnshire. Where 1. his care was to settle and maintain friendship and love among people of the same Inclination, Profession, Study, and design; the greatest relief among the cares and troubles of the world was great, and by his skill in Law and business successful, he being the great Referee d See the cas●s of Love, etc. lately set out, and supposed to be his. and Casuist of that Country. 2. His Sermons were rational and just discourses upon pertinent Scriptures, the Occasion, Coherence, and other Circumstances whereof he weighed duly; the various reading he considered industriously, the explication he made out of the choicest Authors● and the most proper Learning, clearly pithy and pertinent Observations, Learned, Moral, and Divine: as he went on in explication he dropped judiciously; pitching upon the great Observations couched in the several parts usefully and distinctly (not liking the wresting of the Scripture (for a truth) lost custom in that taught us to wrest it to an error) bottoming them upon their proper Grounds and Reasons, orderly as they lay in the Body of Divinity and of Learning, and improving them to the respective duties of Morality, or Christianity, rationally inferred skilfully; drawing first the Schem of his Sermon, and then filling it up with all sorts of Learning, he having the principles at least of every Art and Science. 3. His Exposition of the Church Catechism was constant and practical. 4. His Preparations for Sacraments were solemn. 5. His and his Family's attendance on the Prayers of the Church, was exemplary. 6. His endeavours to keep Peace, Charity, and Hospitality by his precepts and example, were successful. 7. His Visits edifying. 8. His directions not to relieve the wand'ring poor as charitable, as his Alms to the regular ones; he being as severe in restraining the disorderly Vagabonds, as compassionate in relief of the orderly poor. 9 The great satisfaction he gave to his Neighbor-Gentry in his Learned converse, being (as he advised young Ministers to be in this knowing age) well seen in History, Geography, Mathematics, Mechanism, Physic, Law, Heraldry, endeared him to the whole Country; especially his happy way of reducing all sorts to that great rule, What you would have others do unto you, do you unto them. And seldom failing in Correspondence and Visits, those great advantages for a good understanding and love. 10. The directions and comforts he collected for the use of the sick, and the dying, full and exact. 11. The good Works and undertake he set his public-spirited acquaintance upon, generous and profitable. 12. How proper his discourses at Visitations from Reason, Experience, and Religion, for Order, Peace, Unity, and Obedience, and the Authority of public Laws and common good against private Pretences, Reasons, Interests, and Designs; as long as he assured them withal, that the things enjoined were in their nature safe, and in their use free; to this good end he reduced most of his studies, which he managed with plenty of acute, and weighty matter, with variety of reading, with full and pertinent citations, with clear and copious expressions, powerful demonstrations made up of Scripture-strength, of Counsels-weight, of Fathers-consent, and of Historick light, Fundamental Laws, Essential Religion, with a prudent discovery of the proportions of Order and Policy, of the boundaries of Government; the great Principles of Peace, the Quintessence of the Roman, Grecian, Imperial, and Civil, Canon, and Ecclesiastical Laws strained into ●is great platform of Peace, Unity, and Settlement. 13. How practical and necessary the Duties, and Cases he handled both in the Court, and ●ros● Sermons. King Charles the● being used to say that he brought an Ear to hear others, and a Conscience to hear Sanderson. 14. How exact a view would he draw of all judgements in the Controversies likely to be debated (of some of which there are Tables like Pedigrees still extant) in all Disputations, (as those for his Bachelors, and Doctor of Divinity Degree, which he managed so well, that the Professor Dr. Prideaux would say of him, that none states a question more punctually, resolveth it more satisfactorily, answereth all Objections more fully, than that clear and solid man Mr. Sanderson) in all Convocations from 1644. to 1662. (for he was named for a And he was of a Commiter in the Jerusalem-chamber. March 2● 1640: 〈◊〉 view the lyturgy, the D●ct●●●e and Dis●●●line of the Church, s●● whose first 〈◊〉 formers, and their moderation ●e had a very great veneration and therefore he was very unwill 〈…〉. Assembly 1644. though he did not appear in it) in all those Controversies hitting upon such a mean as would satisfy all disinterested and ingenious Persons, as appears by the Letters of accord (Printed 1660.) passed between him and Dr. Hammond; having a great Charity for plainhearted Papists, whose error or ignorance in things not Fundamental, did not betray them either to Unbelief, or Presumption, or to final Impenitence, or Immorality, or Uncharitableness; Bishop Ushers judgement in his Sermon before King james at Wansted. This excellent man whom all wished to enjoy, that had read the choice Sermons he had made, the solid Lectures he had read, (notwithstanding the satisfactory reasons he Penned for himself, and the whole University, which he concludes thus. (Quis damnaverit cum qui duabus potentissimis rebus defenditur Jure & ment? Quint. was turned out of his Divinity-Professors place, and (as he complains to the Honourable Mr. Boil 1659. who by Dr. Barlow offered an honourable salary to encourage him to proceed in his Casuistical study) which troubled him most, rendered useless (only he satisfied private friends by Letters in such emergent Cases as had reference either to those times or their own Affairs, till his Majesty's Restauration, when being made Bishop of Lincoln, he laboured much to keep every sober man within the Communion of the Church, taking great pains with dissenters, and exercising as great patience towards them as the Law did permit, and sometimes more. Church censures during the time he was Bishop, he used with great Reverence, and upon great occasions to reduce them to their Primitive Esteem and Veneration: Good men he found in Orders, he was careful to prefer, and as careful not to admit any but good men into Orders; strictly charging his Clergy to look to their Certificates, that (for the Church's sake) they would give them not out of courtesy, but conscience; taking care how they became Sureties (as judah for Benjamin) for the young men to their Father. This idea of a good Prelate among men the most sober, among Christians, the most religious; among Preachers, the most exact; among Scholars, the most useful; among Ministers, the most faithful; among Governors, the most moderate; among Confessors-the most patient and constant; having discharged his conscience, honestly, served his Prince successfully, assisted the Church industriously, gone through all Charges renownedly, leaving nothing behind him justly to be blamed, or sinisterly to be suspected, died 1662. bequeathing to posterity Principles a See his excellent Preface to Bishop Ushers Book of Power and Obedience. of Government, clearly stated, and rationally expressed. In stead of Monuments for him, take these two Testimonies: 1. Bishop Ushers. And I proposed the case to the judicious Dr. Sanderson, George Sanderson of Gunth●ope Lincoln, Compounded for 140l. who grasped all the circumstances of it, and returned that happy answer that met all my thoughts, satisfied all my scruples, and cleared all my doubts. 2. Doctor Hammond. That stayed, and wellweighed man Dr. Sanderson, conceiveth things deliberately, dwells upon them discreetly, discerns things that differ exactly, passeth his judgement rationally, and expresseth it aptly, clearly, and honestly. III. Dr. john Prideaux, born at Hartford in Devonshire, bred Fellow and Rector of Exeter College in Oxford; in which University, he was King's Professor and Canon of Christ-Church for 30. years together; till he was almost grown to the Chair, he had sat so long and close therein; so loath was the Church to lose his pains, by his b He succeeded Bishop Jo. Thorneburgh born in Magdalen-Colledge in Oxford, acceptable to Queen Elizabeth who preferred him Dean of York and Bishop of Limbrick, for his comely presence; and to King James who made him Bishop of Bristol and Worcester for his Chemical Extraction and merry he●●t, which contributed much to his long life, lying in an old Castle in Ireland, the fl●or over head broke down upon him, and yet did him and his no ●arm. preferment; so true is that Motto of Mulcaster, A good Servant is a good Slave. Though of all men he who kept his leather Breeches that he came to Oxford in, in that Wardrobe where he lodged his Rochet in which he went out of it, was not likely to forego either his Humility or Industry for his advancement: by drawing for his own use Systems of each Art and Science (whereof his Greek Grammar and Logic, both but a fortnight's work, are a Specimen and Essay) and thereby knew how to dispose methodically of his infinite, (for he was Helluo Librorum, not only forced to eat his Books for a livelihood in the late Times, but having digested them for his accomplishment (an Encyclopoedy and Miscellany of all Learning) in better; which otherwise had lain so confusedly in his soul, that he could not have had it ready as he had to pour out upon all occasions, there being no subject which from his Common Places (whereof his Fasciculus Coniroversearum, his Synopsis Conciliorum, his Easie and Compendious Introduction for reading all sorts of History, are Instances) he could not speak fully and properly to. His skill in Tongues was great, yet waiting on his greater skill in things, aiming at two things, expressiveness c His style was manly for the strength of it, maidenly for the modesty, and Elegant for the phrase. and perspicuity; (for whereunto serveth that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but to speak reason, and to be understood?) sweetening both his style and converse with a becoming festivity, which was Aristotle's, and, not St. Paul's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; pleasing the more, because of the bluntness of his behaviour with all persons; took well, because it was a sign of the plainness of his heart: So admirable his Memory, that he retained what● ever he had read (to the least Poem, yea, or Ballad extant) or heard, but Injuries; which though he resented (for the present, for he being immersed in so many affairs, was subject to the like passion with other men) yet upon the least expression of ingenious repentance, he not only pardoned, but admitted the person into the former degree he was in before the affront; so that we might say of him, as Henry the Eighth would of Bishop Cran●er, That the only way to get into his favour, was to do him a shrewd 〈◊〉: Good policy, (however it may seem to the wisdom of this world) because good Christianity; which as he practised towards others, so he found it from others; for when he had fallen into the King's displeasure about Hodges and Ford, appeals from the Vicechancellor Dr. Smith, to the University 1632. his plain excuse (Nemo omnibus horis sapit) was more effectual, than others long Harangues. So charitable he was, that he relieved the poor; which he said, he was bound to do as they were God's Image, and men; and Christ's Image, that is, poor men, till he was one of them himself: So tender of young men's reputation that answered under him, unless they were self-conceited Paradox-mongers, (for then he would let them swoon before he gave them any hot water) that he was so a staff to them, as that the standers by did not see, but that they went upon their own legs. And when he pressed (a better Christian than a Clerk) with an hard Argument, and was answered, Reverend Professor, Ingenue confiteor me, non posse respondere huic Argumento, he replied kindly, Recte respondes; being much against foul languages that made the Muses, yea, the Grace's Scolds; saying, that such purulent spittle argued exulcerated lungs. In his determinations he opened the history of a Question, and stated the words of it, that the Disputants might not end, where they ought to have begun in a difference about words. His Answers were quick, as Dr. saunderson's were slow and sure being never put to it as Melancthon was at Ratisbone by Eccius, who told him, That seeking the truth rather than his own reputation, he would with God's assistance, answer his Argument on the morrow. In some questions of large prospect and concernment, not playing the Fencer only, to entertain the company; but the Dueller, as for life and limb: put gall in his Ink when he had none in his heart, to cure the Ringworms of the Church. His Body was so strong by the natural temper of it, as well as by the moderate a Shocting and Bowls. Recreations and Diet he allowed it, that three men in the College lost their own lives, by endeavouring to equal his Industry. His Sermons at Court, and the University with his Lectures, were learned and honest: His Parish and Popular Sermons Catechetical; his Overtures at jerusalem-chamber (where the lopping of some Excerscencies in the Church, by the moderation and mutual compliance of the Divines of both sides meeting there 1641. might have saved the felling of the Church its self) as appears by the Paper of their Proceedings, (which was the Rule for the late Alterations made in the Common-prayer 1662.) printed 1642. and subscribed by the Archbishop of Armagh, the Bishop of Lincoln, Bishop Brownrig, Bishop Morton, Dr. Ward, Dr. Saunderson, Dr. Hacket, Dr. Featley, and Dr. Prideaux. The Propositions he designed for the Assembly, and the Treaty at the Isle of Wight, (but that his conscience would not permit him to come to the first without the King's consent, nor his poverty to the other without relief and supply) were satisfactory to all sides. He was one of those seven men of unblemished reputation, that his Majesty, though late, preferred (to support Episcopacy, rather than to be supported by it) Bishop of Worcester 1640. He died of a Fever 1650. bequeathing a See a Book called Bishop Prideaun his Last Legacy. Poverty and Piety as his last Legacy to his Relations, and was buried at Bredon in Worcester-shire, August 16. with such a train of persons of all qualities at his Funeral, that (saith my Author) such as denied Bishops to be Peers, would have conceived this Bishop to have been a Prince. His Son Col. William Prideaux (in reference to whom he used to say he maintained freewill) being slain at Marston-more; and his daughters married to grave Ministers in his Diocese; his reputation greater abroad among foreign Ministers, among whom Sixtinus Amama, Rivet, etc. than at home, and his Monument this Inscription: Johannes Prideauxius tot patrum Pater Inter silentum claustra taciturnus jacet Ingens modo Scholae pariter & Academiae Oraculum. jacet ille tantus baeresium undique pullulantium pudor quantum veritatis antiquae decor Scholis, praelis & pulpitis Quos ille Agonas, quae tulit certamina exterminandos ad errores Quicquid Socinus, quicquid Arminius foras Familista, vel Brunnus domi; Inimica quod vel lingua, vel praelum tulit; sceleris frequens puerperium Tota dira capita, tot renascentes Hydra's stravit Brittannus Hercules. Nec unus vita, nec morte unus Prideauxius, Qui disciplin●s univers●s mover at uti nemo pene singular. Sir Richard Prideaux of Tregard in Cornwall, paid for his Loyalty by way of Composition 0584 l. 00 00. Dr. Thomas Winniff born at Sherburn in Dorsetshire, bred with Dr. Prid●aeux in Exeter College in Oxford, the painful Minister of Lamebourn in Essex, where he was buried 1654. with his aged Father, with a handsome Monument, having this Inscription on it: Effare marmor silens quid & quem luges; sunus non privatum sed publicum Anglicanae Ecclesiae (nisi Deus ante vertat) pene cadaver Thomam Winniffum Principibus Henrico Carolo. Regibu● Jacobo Carolo a Sacris Dome sticis. Decanum Glocestrensem, Paulinum, Episcopum Lincolniensem 1642. factum Ex eorum numero Episcoporum Quibus Incumbebat nutantis Episeopatus molem, pietatis ac probitatis suae fulcimine sustentare; frustra quidem mole sua jam corruents Ecclesia. Anima haec in coelos recepta non laudationem quarit, sed Imitationem. Anno Aetatis 78. Contemporary with Dr. Chetwind, Dr. Daniel, Dr. Samson Price, Dr. Carpenter, the Author of the Logic Decades, the excellent Geography; the exact Sermons called Achitophel, and the best Optics, (the written Preface whereof used under Christmas-pyes broke his heart) Dr. Fleming, Dr. Whetcomb, Dr. Standard, Dr. and Sir Simon Baskervile the rich, and Dr. Vilva the successful physician, under the tuition of Mr. William Helm, his, and Dr. Prideaux his Tutor: under whom he learned the art of marking what men said, and digesting all that came to his own reason, that was not as others full of itself; and a calmness in what he said himself, which was a courtesy to the truth he spoke, and an excuse and mitigation to his error; as when out of Zeal against Popery, (to the hatred of which, and the love of God, Dr. Holland the Rector of Exeter, used to recommend the House on all occasions of parting from them) he mentioned Gondomer in a Sermon, he was put in the Tower close prisoner for some days; an eminent Courtier importunately begged the disposal of his Church-preferments: No (said King james) I mean not thus to part with the man; Who perceiving his Suit hopeless, vowed most solemnly that he did it only to try his Royal Resolution, protesting that his Majesty had not one of more merit among all his Chaplains. Indeed he was observed to run (with emulation) without envy in the race of Virtue, even with any of his Order, striving to exceed them by fair industry, without offering proudly to justle their credit, much less falsely to supplant their reputation; having a gift of enticing all neatly to what they knew best, so pleasing his companions, and pleasing himself, stealing by discreet turns of speech from others treasure; What to ask further, doubts well raised do lock The Speaker to thee, and preserve thy stock. In his Latin Sermon before the Convocation 1628. on Acts 20. 28. Attendite ad vos ipsos & totum gregem, etc. he was elegant and discreet. In his * with Doctor Wickham. Preparation of the Earl of Castlehaven for his death, very devout and zealous: in the Convocation 1640. very cautious; and in promoting the Polyglot Bible very prudent in his advices, and very happy in his contributions. In fine, to use Bishop Gauden's Expressions, None was more mild, honest, and humble; yet learned, eloquent and honest, than Bishop Winniff. Dr. George Hackewell, having proved (in his Learned and Religious Apology for the a 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉, That 〈◊〉 ●●gin to 〈◊〉 it with 〈◊〉, but 〈◊〉 ●nd it 〈◊〉 satisfaction. Divine Providence) that the world decayeth not by the improvement, in later times of Art and Nature, lived to think it would perish upon the sudden decay in this Nation of both; that University of Oxford that was an instance of that Opinion, became likewise the occasion of this thought, where he that was near kin to great Bodley, was denied the benefit of the Library; he that had built a Chapel in Exeter College, at a thousand pound charge (though he had no higher preferment than the Arch-deaconry of Surrey to maintain a wife and several children) could not die Rector of that College whereof he had been Fellow, and which he desired should be his Sanctuary while he lived, and his Grave when he died. He that for opposing the Spanish Match was Un-chaplained and banished the Court, was for discountenancing English Rebellion Dis-Rectored, and dismissed the University. He had some Contests with Dr. Heylin about St. George's Saint-ship, and suffered with him about the Saint-ship of some modern persons. He hath written an exact Comment on the 101. Psalms, to direct Kings how to govern their Courts; And he gave all persons an excellent Example, in the government of his own Family, to whom he often repeated that of Mr. Herbert: Pitch thy behaviour low, thy projects high, So shalt thou humble, and magnanimous be; Sink not in spirit, who aimeth at the Sky Shoots higher much, than he that means a Tree. A grain of Glory mixed with Humbleness, Cures both a Fever and Lethargickness. Dr. Francis Maunsell, Fellow of All-Souls, as excellent for his sufferings, as for his Extraction, descended from the Knightly Family of the Maunsels in South-Wales; who being chosen Principal of jesus College in Oxford, resigned the Place once to Sir Eubule Thelwall, one of the Masters of Chancery, for the good of the House, (where that worthy Knight made a Court in a manner four square built, and Wainscotted the Hall, perfected the Chapel with a curious and costly Roof, etc.) was forced to leave it another time to an usurper that undid the Foundation; and then being restored 1660. he quitted it the third time to Dr. jenkin's, one of the Judges for the Admiralty, whose Industry, Activity, Insight into Business, Devotion, and Integrity might recover it. The same Doctor jenkin's, whom he (being of opinion that it was not fit Gentlemen should have any thing to do with the Faction) employed to bring the young Gentlemen of South-Wales (such as Sir Sackvil Crow's son, Sir Edw. Maunsel, etc.) up to Loyalty, and Orthodox Learning, as he did him, now to bring up the whole College to order, discipline, and decency. Being torn to pieces almost with the Wind-colic, which he endured with a patience above his nature, and having given many good advices to young Gentlemen, (whereof these are the most remarkable, that the mind should be always bend and plodding, for he would say, slackness breeds worms; keep your own virtues, and by observation and imitation naturalise other men's; a good digestion turneth all to health) he died 1661. leaving the College what was more suitable to his sequestered estate, than his public spirit. Dr. Will. a With his Patron Dr. Smith, jackon we M●● Humphrey Sydenham born at Dalverton in Somersetshire, Fellow of Wadham; deserving, witness his Athenian Babbler, the nam● of Silver-tongued Denham. Smith Warden of Wadham, Archbishop juxons friend, Rector of Tredington, Vicechancellor of Oxford, 1632. when Ford and Hodges were convented for their seditions Sermons; who living in Oriel College, one of the then Sanctuaries of Loyalty in the late times, bestowed his leisure times on Dr. Maunsel, Dr. Bayly, Dr. Say, in the University, and on his friends (by Letters, a way he much delighted in) without. He died 1656. having spent most of his suffering time in reconciling differences among his indiscreet friends, and in encouraging hope (which he would say was at the bottom of the box) among his desponding acquaintance; a person that was not sensible of his oppression, because he was not subject to passion. With Dr. Smith, were Dr. Ailworth of All-Souls, Dr. Edward Hide Fellow of Trinity College in Cambridge, Rector of Brightwel in Berk-shire, and a grave Preacher, as long as he was permitted, to the great satisfaction of good people at Holywell in Oxford, writing good Books, such as The Christian Legacy, and A Vindication of the Church of England, and giving good instructions to young men, such as he designed Nurseries for the Church of England, recommending to them a methodical Learning, an exemplary zeal at their devotion, and a strict life; making great use of Bodley's Library while he was permitted, and when forbidden, retiring to his own. He died at Salisbury 1658. (where I think his Reverend Brother is Bishop) of the Stone; under which God exercised his patience, as he did under the usurpation, his faith and heroic charity. Whose advice was, by all means use to be alone, be acquainted with yourselves, and keep yourselves discreetly in a capacity of serving the Church; for he would say, did all men comply, the Church would be at a loss for Champions to defend her at present; and were all obnoxious, the Church might be at a loss for Worthies to propagate it for the future. Dr. Richard Bayly, for forty years' Precedent of St. john's, and for above thirty Dean of Salisbury; an excellent Governor, a good Landlord, preferred by Bishop Laud his kinsman (one of whose Executors he was) at St. john's; as Dr. b A deserving, modest man, that suffered much in the late times George Walker, another allied to him, was at the University College in Oxford, whereof he was thrice Vicechancellor; much a Gentleman, and therefore in the late times much a Sufferer, when P. E. of P. told his Masters at Westminster, how among other Exploits he had done at Oxford, he had by force turned out Dr. Bayly, and his wife, with six pretty children, out of St. john's. He lived cheerfully behind the Schools all the sad times, as he died hospitably in St. john's in better. A right primitive Churchman for his good Table, great Alms, just and generous Dealings, and the Repair of every place he came to. Thrifty, but not covetous; giving his need, his honour, and his friend his due. Never (saith our sweet Singer) was scraper brave man, get to live, than live and use it. Dr. R. Kettle, and Dr. Hannibal Potter, both Precedents of Trinity●Colledge ●Colledge, men that if they could not play on the Fiddle, that is, if they were not so ready Scholars, yet could build and govern Colleges; and make, as Themosticles, a little City, or College, a great one; the Whetstone is dull its self that whets the things. Dr. Metcalf was a better of St. john's in Cambridge, than Dr. Whitacres, because the first, though a Sophister, put a fallacy upon him cosensu diviso, ad sensum compositum, found the College spending scarce 200 Marks per annum; and left it spending by his own, and his friends benefactions, a thousand: and the other, though a great Scholar, following Studies, and remitting matters to others, to the general decay of the College. The Government of a College is commended by the proficiency of the Students, among whom its honour enough to the House to mention, 1. Mr. William Chillingworth, born in Oxford, and so falling out of his Mother's arms into the Muse's lap; a general Scholar, made ready in himself by teaching others, taking great delight in directing and encouraging young men, and in disputing with the elher; so acute and subtle a Disputant, that the best disputation that ever was heard in Oxford Schools, was when he, Mr. Halke, and Dr. Hammond disputed together. Admirable at opposing, and overthrowing any Position, though solid and wary enough at answering; and Dr. Potter being sickly, sent for him to reply to Mr. Knots Answer to his Book of Charity: whereupon having obtained leave to travel, he resolved to find out Mr. Knot himself, and agreeably to his great spirit, designing to answer, not only that Book, but all that could be said for Popery, to dive by converse and dispute with the choicest Romanists in the world, to the bottom of all the Intrigues and Quirks of that Controversy; to which end he entered himself of one of their best Colleges, (whereof upon the stupendious reach of his reason, he became presently Sub-Rector) continuing there until by continual discourses (wherewith he tired them all) he had distilled the quintessence of their reason into a book, answering it upon his return (in the Book called [The Religion of Protestants a sa●e way to salvation] which was never answered, but with a War sent amongst us) with the extract of Catholic reason, called by unreasonable men (that make Christianity a Supersedeas for Humanity) Socinianism, approved by Dr. Fell, Dr. Bayley, and Dr. Prideaux his adversary, who compared his Book to a Lamprey, fit for food if the venomous string was taken out of it. As great his faculty in reclaiming a Several gentlemen's Wives of his acquaintance. Shismaticks, as in confuting Papists, seldom either discoursing or preaching, but he convinced the parties he spoke or preached to: His great skill in Mathematics, whereby he drew several regular Fortifications against Gloucester and elsewhere, (being called The King's little Engineer, and Black-art-man) fixing and clearing his reason in all subjects he had occasion to insist upon. His counsel was, that young men should be sure to be good Artists, and then (the Arts knitting together all other learning) they would be good Scholars. He was taken prisoner by the Enemy's Forces, who found him sick, and by hard usage hastened his death, 1645. being buried at Arundle-castle, with this Character from an adversary, That his Head was made for contrivances, and his Heart (for that which makes men wise, viz.) Doubts and Scruples; resting no where in his disquisition, but upon first principles. 2. Mr. Anthony Farington Bachelor of Divinity, an excellent Tutor and Governor while Fellow of that House; an imitable Preacher for High Rhetoric, Copious Learning, and Moral Instructions, while resident in the University; a grave Pastor, and charitable Neighbour, while Vicar of Bray, and Preacher at Windsor; and so honest and orthodox, that the old Proverb (true of his predecessor, who kept his Vicarage under Henry the eighth, Edward the sixth, Queen Marry, and Queen Elizabeth; saying, He was no Turncoat, keeping always to his principles, which was this, that he would live and die Vicar of Bray, and turn his Mill with the Wind, rather than lose his Grist;) could not be applied to him [The Vicar of Bray will be Vicar of Bray still.) He, after Ireton, who had been of the same House with him, had revenged a piece of discipline he exercised upon him for his ominous knavery, in affronting his superiors (whereupon Mr. Farington said many years before the war, that he would prove either the best or the worst instrument that ever this kingdom bred) with a cast of his Military Office, in Plundering him, and Quartering himself in a spite, mean as himself, upon him. He was, with many children, turned out of all, likely to have been starved, had not the honourable Sir john Robinson, and his good Parishioners at Milk-street, entertained him charitably in those sad times; when being about to write Mr. Hales his Life, 1658. he ended his own, leaving two Volumes of nervous and elegant Sermons behind him, together with the memory of an holy, honest, rational, sober, modest, and patient Confessor. Dr. john Oliver, first of Magdalen Hall, and afterwards of Magdalen College in Oxford, Tutor to several eminent Persons, but to none more than the Right Honourable Edward Earl of Clarenden, Lord High-Chancellor of England; and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and fellow Pupil under Dr. Buckner to Dr. Hammond. His moderate expedients did much in the College, while he was Fellow, to reconcile differences; and his even carriage at Lambeth● where he was Chaplain 1640. to mitigate prejudices, permitting none that came to him as a Licenser to go away unsatisfied, either with a slur put upon (what they cannot endure a contempt of) their pains, though never so despicable; or a disrespect upon their persons, though never so mean; 1643. he was forced to fly from his Livings and Dignities, when it pleased God (by the promotion of Dr. Frewen to the Bishopric of Coventry and Lichsield) to open a way to him into his Presidentship, which he held till 1646. when being ejected with his Brethren, he had a very hard time of it, his charity not foreseeing the future miseries, though never exceeding, yet making even with his Income (youth may make even with the year) though age, if it will hit, shoots a Bow short, and lessens still his Stake, as the day lessens, and his life with it) till the Secluded Members restored him, being not turned out formally, but forced prudently to retire 1659. his Majesty advancing him to the Deanery of Worcester 1660. and a His body being worn out by study and sufferings. dying 1661. l●●ving considerable Legacies to the Cathedral of Worcester, Magdal●n College in Oxford, and St. Paul's in London. And bequeathing this Memorial among the Scholars of the House, that he let them know he was Precedent, so as that he remembered that they were his Fellows; using to the younger sort that of Divine Herbert, Fool not, for all may have, if they dare try, a glorious life, or grave. The learned and honest Dr. Robert Pinke, and Dr. Stringer, Wardens of New College, Dr. Ratcliff Principal of Brazen-Nose, Dr. Tolson Provost of Oriel, Dr. Pit of Wadham; most of them great Benefactors to their respective Colleges, particularly Dr. Tolson, having, with the then Fellows, contributed largely to the rebuilding and finishing of that neat College, which they were not suffered long to enjoy; Sic vos non vobis, etc. Dr. Laurence of Balliol College, Margaret Professor, much troubled about a Sermon he preached at Whitehall, 1637. wherein he moderately stated the real presence, saying We must believe he is there, though we must not know how; that he was there the Church always said, but con, sub, trans, the Church said not, etc. and at last cast out by force to beg his Bread with the rest of his Brethren. Dr. Christopher Potter, native of Westmoreland, Scholar at the Pregnant School of Appleby, Rob. Lautence of B●gburgh Somerset compounded for 5D6l James Laurence Her. 120 l. Giles Laur. Wore. 370. Rob. Laur. Isle Per●e●le, Esq 4500 l. Jo. Laurence Cheswick 200 l. Fellow and Provost of Queen's College, Prebend of Windsor, and Dean of Worcester, a person of great learning, devout life, courteous carriage, comely presence, and a sweet nature. It was conceived a daring part of Tho. Cecil, to enjoin his Carpenters and Masons not to omit a days work, at the building of Wimbledon-house in Surrey, though the Spanish Armado 1588. all that while shot off their guns, whereof some might be heard to the place. It was a bold loyalty and charity in this Doctor to send all his plate to the King (saying he would drink with Diogenes in the hollow of his hand, before his Majesty should want) when he did not know but all his estate should be seized by the enemy; and to give so much to the poor, when he had a Wife and many Children to provide for; yet having heard b H●monds poor man's Tyching. in a Sermon at Saint Paul's, that to give to the poor was an infallible way to be rich ourselves, he did (as a good hearer should) try it, and found it true. A strict Puritan he was, when Preacher at Abingdon, in his Doctrine, and always one in his Life: His excellent Book against the Papists, called Charity Mistaken, 1634. was not only learned, but what is sometimes wanting in Books of that controversy, in each phrase weighed and discreet, submitting it to the censure of his friends, before it came under the eye of the world; as was his Consecration Sermon, at the Instalment of his Uncle Bishop Potter of Carlisle, 1629. The cavils against both which (malice snarling where it could not bite) he answered not, partly because of his sickly body, which was impatient of study; and partly because of his peaceable temper, not much inclined to controversies; But chiefly because (he would say) a controversy would be ended by writing, when a fire would be quenched with oil. New matter still riseth in the agitation, and gives hint to a fore-resolved opposite of a fresh disquisition; silence hath sometimes quieted misraised brabbles, never interchange of words; and indeed he was not worthy to be satisfied, that would after such satisfactory discourses yet wrangle. Robert Pinke, a grave Governor, often Vicechancellor; with great integrity managing the Elections at Winchester, and the Revenues of New-colledge, rich not in his estate, but in his mind; having made little his measure, he reckoned all above a treasure. He that needs five thousand pounds to live, He is not so rich as he that needs but five. Dr. Ratcliff, one firm to his purpose, though the matter never so small; not to be moved by advantages, never so great; constancy knits the soul, who breaks his own bonds forfeiteth himself, what nature makes a ship he makes a shelf. Dr. Tolson, a plain Northern-man, that loved to do things by degrees, and like his successor a Whose 〈◊〉 s●●● V●lentine Saunders of 〈◊〉 Ru●●●d, Esq 〈◊〉 ser 12 〈◊〉 as h●● S●n 〈◊〉 Sir Orlando Bridg●●●n Lord Keeper 〈◊〉 for 4 o●. Val. Saunders 〈◊〉/ Dr. Io. Saunders, to collect others opinion of affairs before he declared himself, speaking to a business, as Mr. Humpden used, last; being willing to leave little to hazard, when he had time to bring an affair within the compass of skill. Dr. Laurence did all things like a man, hating the b Herbert. Lay hypocrisy of simpering. Who fears to do ill, sets himself to Task; Who fears to do Well, sure should wear a Mask. Dr. Potter, a person that lived by rule as all things do, (securing his temperance with two sconces, viz. Carving and Discoursing) a shop of rules, a well trusted pack, whose every parcel under writes a Law; having his humours, as God gave them him, under Lock and Key. Who keeps no Guard upon himself is slack, And Rots to nothing at the next great thaw●k. Dr. Richard Zouch, not beholden to his Noble Extraction for his Reputation, founded on his own great worth and c Juris intergentes, & q●aesti●●um de e●d●m explica●●o de legati delinquen●is Judice. Elementa ●u●is prudenciae, etc. Books Reprinted beyond Sea, Fellow of New-colledge, Principal of Albanehall, Regius Professor of Law in Oxford for almost forty years, and Judge of the Admiralty; an exact Artist, especially Logician, reducing all his Reading, especially in History, wherein he excelled to the Civil Law, as appears by the method of his Writings, both of the Law, and some other inferior Sciences. He was as useful in the world as his profession; and that time that foolishly thought it could have carried on things without the Civil Law, could not without Dr. Zouch, the Living Pandect of that Law; when the Usurper, in the Case of the Portugez Ambassador, must needs have his advice in London, who had grudged him his place in Oxford. Dr. Owen in the same discourse (I mean his Preface to Dr. Zouch his Book de legatis) wherein he commendeth Grotius with qualification, extolleth Dr. Zouch a Reckoning himself so much more or less proficient in the Law of Nations, as he more or less relished Dr. Zouches works, who was one of the judges at the Trial of Pan●aleouha the Portugal Ambassadors Brother, upon which occasion that book was written. without, who was the ornament of this Nation, as Grotius was of Christendom: He had a great hand in the Oxford Articles (being one of the Treaters upon the Surrendry) and after composition, he had a great benefit by them; he died, 1660. To whom I might add his very good friend Degory Where, Principal of Glocester-hall, and History Professor in Oxford, well known by his excellent Methodus Leg. hist. Cro. and his Epistolae Eucharisticae, and Dr. Thomas Claiton the first Master of Pembroke-colledge in Oxford, and the King's Professor of Physic, Father of Sir Thomas Claiton, now Warden of Merton-colledge. Dr. Thomas Soames, born in Yarmouth, an holy Fisher of Men, Son of a b Of an eminent Family his Cousin Jo. Soames of Burnham in Norfolk, compounding for 1430 l. Fisherman, bred in Peter-house Cambridge, where his Uncle was Master, Minister of Staines in Middlesex, and Prebend of Windsor; having sent all he had to the King, he had nothing left to be taken by the Rebels but himself, who was Imprisoned in Ely-house, Newgate, and the Fleet, because he had so much of the primitive Religion in his excellent Sermons, and so much of the primitive practice in his looks and life; reckoned a blessing wherever he came these sad times by his Fatherly Aspect, his Zealous Prayers, and his Divine, and in many respects Prophetical discourses. He died not long before his Majesty's Restauration, of whom c Mr. Heywood, and Mr. Chase, who both compounded deeply for their loyalty, and suffered extremely, the first having served his Highness the Duke of York from a Child. his modest relation, have been as deserving as any persons of their quality in England. Stephen Soanes of Throwlow in Suffolk Esq paying 0700l. 00 00. THE Life and Death OF WILLIAM St. MAUR. Duke of Somerset. WILLIAM St. Maur, Marquis of Herford, Duke of Somerset, and Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter; noble in his extraction, being restored, to use his Majesty's words (because he had merited as much of his Majesty's Father and Himself, as a Subject could do; and he hoped none would envy the Duke, because he had done what a good Master should to a good Servant) created Duke of Somerset 1660. 12. Car. 2. an Honour his good Grandfather in Edw. 6. time had, (from whom Somerset-house, which he built, hath that name) Edward Duke of Somerset enjoy; and descending from the ancient Lords Beauchamp; illustrious in his alliance, his Aunt jane Seymour being Wife to one King, a 〈◊〉 Henry●. was moved to marry by all ●he N●●●●y, because of the conven●ences of her years, together with her excellent at beauty and pureness of 〈…〉 (they are be wards of 〈◊〉 Act of P●●●ia 〈◊〉.) Henry 8. and Mother to another, b Of whom shaded in Child be● in Henry 8. full favour. Edward 6. Was none of those malcontents, who by the sins of their riper years, make good the follies of their youth, and maintain oversights with Treason: As he was patient under his Imprisonment for the one, so he was active in his Services against the other; not more dutifully submitting to the severity of King james (for a marriage without his Majesty's privity or consent, with the Lady Arabella Stuart, nearly related as himself to the Crown) than Loyally assisting (by several Declarations for the King and Bishops in the Long-parliament) by his attendance on his Majesty at York, to be a witness to the world of his Majesty's proceedings, and subscribe with other Lords his own Allegiance, and a resolution to oppose others Treasons; by his raising the c 21. Counties. Western Country by his interest, and yielding the Command of the Army he had raised (as the Kings first General against the Earl of Essex) to more experienced Commanders (though he had been a Soldier abroad) out of prudence, governing his Majesty, than Prince, under his Tuition, with discretion and moderation; by bringing his Majesty 60000 l. of his own and others to set him, by securing for him forty five Inland Garrisons, and six Sea-towns; by waiting on his Majesty in his Privy Counsel and Parliament at Oxford, and in all his treaties and negotiations, and offering himself, when there was no other remedy, to die for him; by supplying his present Majesty, and his Friends, with near 5000l. yearly, one year with another during the Usurpation, for which services he paid at Goldsmith-hall 1467 l.) the necessities of King Charles in his war. It's true, he was drawn in, by a pretending moderate party, to subscribe the untoward Propositions for an accommodation with the Scots 1640. at York; but it is as true, that (when he discovered the bottom of the design) he did of his own accord disown the unnatural Plot in London 1641/2. where the King advanced him to the tuition of the Prince; and he went himself to the defence of the King, at what time such his popularity, that he raised an Army himself; such his humility, that he yielded the Command of it to another, as if he knew nothing but others merits and his own wants; being own of those men, that admire every thing in others, and see nothing in themselves. His face, his carriage, his habit favoured of lowliness without affectation, and yet he was under what he seemed. His words were few and soft, never either peremptory or censorious, because he thought both each man more wise, and none more obnoxious than himself; being yet neither ignorant nor careless, but naturally meek; lying ever close within himself, armed with those two masterpieces, Resolution and Duty, wherewith he mated the blackest events, that did rather exercise than dismay that spirit that was above them, and that mind chat looked beyond them; the easiest enemy, and the truest friend; whom extremities obliged, while he, as a well-wrought Vault, lay at home the stronger, by how much the more weight he did bear. He died 1660. full of honour and days, the exact pourtract of the ancient English Nobility. As was his Brother Sir Francis Seymor, a wise and religious person, a great Patriot in the beginning of King Charles his reign for three Parliaments together (in the first year of whose reign he was High-sheriff) as long as the people desired reason; and as great a Courtier towards the latter end of his reign, when he saw some projectors, under colour of the people's good, plotting Treason. He was indeed one of the Lords (being Created Baron of Trowbridge in Wilt-shire Tebig 1640. 16. Car. I.) that Petitioned his Majesty against several grievances taken notice of in the Long Parliament; and he was one of them who at York, Oxford, and Uxbridge, (for he was at that Treaty) made it evident, that that Parliament its self, by its Factions, was become a grievance; he himself keeping a middle way, between the King's Prerogative, and the People's Liberty, so widening his Majesty's interest to the utmost latitude and extent. For all which, and for neglecting the Parliaments Summons to return, he and his Son Charles paid in way of Composition. 2725 l. 00 s. 00 d. Since for his past Loyalty, and present serviceableness, made Privy-Counsellor to his, Majesty King Charles II. and Chancellor to the Duchy of Lancaster; in which places he died 16●4/5. As the Persians look not upon their children until they are ten years old, so he wished men, not to trust too much to their present settlement, till it had attained seven years. To this a Among other writings of antiquity, this Noble F●●●●y keeps a g●e●t Huntersh●rn tipped with silver, in ●oken of their d●scent from the S●●mies, Lords of Woksale, and Guardians of the w●ll gamed Forest of Savernake (well 〈◊〉, so its 〈…〉) ma●y hand 〈◊〉 years ago. ancient Family relate Mr. Henry Seymor, who added Art to his Honour, in which respect a learned man calleth him not only his Amicus, but his Necessarius; and paid for his Loyalty 150 l. as Sir Edward Seymor of Berry Pomery did in Devon 1200 l. Richard Seymor of H●nsord Dorset 0030. 06 8. Io. Seymor of Stockingham Devon, Esquire. 0105 l. 00 00 The Marquis of Hertford was the first Commander in Chief for his Majesty in the West, and the Earl of Cumberland in the North; Commanding first Prince Charles his complete Regiment of the choice Gentry of Yorkshire for a Guard to his Father, and (being excepted out of the Westminster-mens' Pardon, in the Commission they granted their General) he was General of the Northern Associations whole Army (bringing to his Majesty 24000 l. and 2000 men) for the defence of the Country; where he cleared Yorkshire, Durham, Cumberland, etc. settling thirty Garrisons for his Majesty, forcing and persuading several persons of quality, as Sir Edward Loftus, and his Richmondshire Forces; Sir b Note Sir F. Anderson of Newcastle upon Ti●e, was a Col. in his Majesty's Army● and paid for it 1000 l. as Sir Henry Anderson of Pentdey Hert. 1730l Stephen Anderson of M●●by Line 372● l. Jo. Anderson London 0●00l Rob. Anderson of Ch●ehester, Esq 0407 l. Henry Anderson, with those of Cleaveland, to return; managing the war with that civility, as if he had been only to have kept the peace of the Country. Of all which his Ancestors had the government for an hundred and fifty years in their own right, as they had of Westmoreland in the right of the Viponts their relations: A Family that with nature subsisted, and grew by the same things whereby it was first raised, virtue that created; supporting it till it pleased God it became lately extinct, in a person made up of true Honour, Valour, and Mercy (the best mettle bends best) this Noble Person died about the 1646. having taught the world, That the art of making war hath not a positive form, and that it ought to be diversified according to the state of occurrences. They that will commit nothing to fortune, nor undertake any enterprise, whose event appeareth not infallible, escape many dangers by their wary conduct, but fail of as many successes by their unactive fearfulness. It's useless to be too wise, and spend that time in a grave gaze on business, that might serve for the speedy dispatch of it. The great Estate of this Noble Earldom reverted unto a To whose charity we●● that stately built, and rich●y endued Hospital ●al at App●● by 〈◊〉 Westm●●●●●d. Anne the sole Daughter of George Clifford, the third brave Earl (that King james when he met him first said, was rather King than Earl of Cumberland) the relict of R. Earl of Dorset (and since of Philip Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery) by whom the had two Daughters, the one married to the Earl of Thanet, who promoted the Kentish, and other Insurrections so far, that besides frequent Imprisonments and Decimations, it cost him at one clap for Compounding 9000 l. and the other to james Earl of Northampton. Sir Marmaduke Langdale, being none of those Englishmen, who being made Gentlemen before they are men, Henry the last Earl of Humberlands Daughter married the Right Honourable the Earl of Co●●●e. seldom become wisemen, was bred so as that he might be able to carry his head on his own shoulders; and knowing that Gentility sent to Market, will hardly buy a Bushel of Wheat; added to his honourable descent most Scholarlike accomplishments, and good husbandry, by the same token, that he bought that estate of Sir William Constable (an unhappy man, that forgot the honour of his ancient Family) before the war for 26000 l. which Sir William afterwards begged of his Comerades, during the Usurpation, for nothing. Sir Marmaduke was esteemed a serious and wise man, and therefore he was able to do his Country great service, when he stood for the Liberty of the Subject, as he did all along in the first years of King Charles I. and the King as great, when he saw it necessary to support his Government, as he did 1642. when he brought in the whole County of York (being Sheriff that year) to Petition his Majesty to accept of their assistance; and all the Clergy of the North, to vindicate his Majesty's Cause by their Subscriptions, as the Laity had done by their Contributions. His first exploit was with the honourable Sir Francis Worsley of ●●●leton in Yorkshire, Colonel of his Majesty's Army, till taken Prisoner as he was settling the Array; who was so good a paymaster, and so civil a man in the Army, that he might leave that saying in Yorkshire, which his Countryman Sir Thomas de Rockby left in Ireland behind him; That he would eat in wooden dishes, but would pay for his meat gold and silver. Paying for his Loyalty by way of Composition 5000 l. Francis Nevil of Chivel in Yorkshire, Esq who (as Palevezine the Italian had in one night his hair turned from black to grey) so in a short time, from a very active to a very grave person, using much that saying of my Lord Burleighs, Stay a little, and we shall have done the sooner; and paying for his Allegiance at Goldsmiths-hall 1000ls. Richard Nevil of Bellingbere in Berk-shire did 887 l. Thomas Nevil of London, Draper 84 l.— Nevil of York, Esq and Sir Gervase his Son of Awbern in the County of Lincoln 1737 l. Thomas Nevil of Wakefield York, 151 l. the Lady Frances Nevil 329 l. William Nevil of Cresse-temple in Essex, Esq 211 l.) to force York; and to give direction to besiege effectually Sir john Hotham, where they had driven him in Hull, where eminent was his great care and vigilancy. His next was settling the Contributions and Quarters of the Country in the easiest method, saying, That he durst anger the Parliament, but he durst not displease his Countrymen; after this he furnished his Majesty with 3000. Northern-horse, at three several times, preserving indeed all the horse that were left after the fatal sight at Marston-Moor (having before routed 1500. Scotch horse before the City of York) and rolling with them till they were a considerable Brigade, by that time they came to Hereford, Relieving the adjacent Garrisons as he marched along; but the most famous action in all these wars, was his marching with 2000 horse from Oxford through all the Enemy's Quarters and Army, to a Routing Col. R●ss●er at Moulton Monb●ay, and the besiedgers, though twice in number to his ti●●d forces Relieve pomfret 1644. ordering his march so prudently, that under the Enemy's Colours he was there before they were aware of him; and so courageously, that he came back disputing nine Passes and after twelve Skirmishes ma●gre all the opposition made against him; routing first and last in that famous Expedition 9000. men. A little before Naseby fight, my Lord declared for breaking into the Associated Counties, and so through them to the North, to chase away the Scots, when that battle was resolved on, where he said, when he was desired to Led the Left Wing of Horse in that sight, that by reason of the Leicester Plunder, the averseness of his men from fight, save in their own Country, and the tired condition of the whole Army, would ruin his Majesty, as it did, he being never able to make head for him, but once afterwards 1648. when with Sir Philip b Mem. Th●● Sir Edward Musgrave of Layton Camb. paid 1974 l. composition. Musgrave, having surprised Carlisle and Berwick, he joined 3000. brave English to Hamilton's Scots, beating Lambert back to Appleby, and taking several strong holds by the way, as he had done the kingdom, had his advice been harkened to in marching directly to York, and so to London, whereas they wandered in Cumberland and Westmoreland (as Colonel Stuart, when afterwards upon the Stool of Repentance for that Expedition, being asked gravely by the Ministers, whether by his Malignancy he went not out of the way? answered that he went wrong to Westmoreland, when he should have gone to York) that Scots Army being beaten as soon as seen, there being no more effectual resistance made by the 16000 horse and foot under Hamilton (of whom the King said when he heard, that he was Commander in Chief, that he expected no good from that Army) than was made by Sir Marmaduke with the 2000 English that he had raised and commanded; Sir Marmaduke Langdale was taken Prisoner, and by caressing his Guards made an ingenious and bold escape to his Majesty beyond Sea; where he carried that seriousness in his countenance, (he was a very lean and much mortified man, the enemy here called him Ghost, and deservedly they were so haunted by him) that gravity in his converse, that integrity and generosity in his dealing; that strictness in his devotion, that experience, moderation, and wariness in his Counsel, that weight in his discourse, as much endeared to strangers his Royal Master's Cause, and his own person in all the Countries he traveled; as he did many and all the Armies he engaged in, as he did in most then afoot in Europe, till he was restored with his Majesty 1660. when appearing in Parliament, as Baron Langdale of Holmes, till his Majesty by the Act of Indemnity, and disbanding the Army was fully settled, he returned to his considerable Estate in Yorkshire, satisfied for 160000. l. loss in his Majesty's service, with the conscience of having suffered it in a good cause, and acquitted himself bravely, and played the man,— if thou do ill, the joy fades, and not the pains; if well, the pain doth fade, the joy remains: His Discipline was strict and exact; It was present death to wrong the meanest person in the least thing, where he had any Command; saying, that he must make the people believe that his Army was raised to protect them; and therefore it was not fit in an Army of his, wherein every Soldier was a Gentleman. He died 1661. Deterrimi saeculi optimi heroes, G. Dux Somersetensis, H. Comes Cumberlandiae. Marmaduke Baro Langdale. Pulverem Sparge, Lector & abi, ●egi vult modesta, virtus non legi, cujus hoc dogma, ama nesciri. Sir Thomas Glemham having most of the noble blood of England in his Veins, had most of the virtues that belonged to such blood in his Soul; having had experience of the Germane Wars, (than the great Nursery of our English Gentlemen) he was the fitter for service in our wars, being an admirable Commander of Horse, and a discreet and watchful Governor of a Garrison; forcing York, he was made Governor of it, and Commander in chief of his Majesty's Forces upon the borders, whence he writ to Argyle as smart a discourse as was written during the wars about the Scots. Invading England against their Allegiance, the late Pacification, and the many obligations of his Majesty upon them, upon the invitations of a few inconsiderable men, that carried on designs of Innovation, contrary to the known Laws, Government, Liberties, and Privileges of the Kingdom; disabusing those parts, and people, as to the ●alse rumours, and aspersions spread by the Scots, among them. Against whom, and all the Northern Forces, whom he made to shrink like Northern Cloth: He kept the City of York 18 weeks, till after he had gallantly withstood 22 Storms, Countermines 4, slain 4 or 5000 of the enemies, he was forced after the fatal Battle all Marston-moor, which he would not have had fought, to surrender up the City (upon very honourable conditions for themselves, and good for the City and Country, whose Trade, Freedom, Estates, and Government, were secured in the Articles, as their Persons were at the surrender,) july 16. 1644. As he did the Garrison of Carlisle, (after 9 month's siege, in which time, he kept it to astonishment, against Pestilence, a He was the first man tha● taughs Soldiers to ●a. Cats, Dogs, &c Famine, and all the power of Scotland) upon the same terms to the Scots; and the head Garrisons of Oxford (upon the King's order, the noblest terms that ever Garrison was delivered on to Sir Tho. F. his Army) over which, his Majesty placed him, because of his moderation, sobriety, popularity, good temper, reputation, and his skill in fortification; many additions to the works of that Garrison, being made b With the assistance●●f his Countryman Dr. Raw●nson, 〈◊〉 excellent Mathematical i● Queens Col. Oxford. by him, whereof one was of most dangerous consequence to the enemy, viz. the breaking of the ground before the Trenches into pits full of stakes, that nei-Horse nor Foot could attempt the Works, nor a close siege, especially in the Winter-floods, be laid to them. After an Arrest in London, contrary to the Oxford Articles, and sometimes Imprisonment in the Fleet, thereupon he passed to Holland, and there falling sick (Sir M.L. and he for some reasons, little frequenting the Court) died some twelve years ago, by the same token, that a Horse-farrier that belonged to him formerly in the North, being commended to him for a great Doctor in Holland, the honest man when he saw him, desired to be excused; calling for a more expert Physician; and telling him privately, entreating his privacy, that the doses he used to administer to the Northern Horse, did agree infinitely well with Dutch bodies. His Brother the Reverend Dr. Glemham is now Dean of Bristol, and Bishop Elect of St. Asaph. Tho. Glemham, Cuj castra Carleolente & Eboracense Monumentum sunt, & Oxonium Epitaphium. Sir Henry Slingsby, the Head of an ancient and numerous family; of which Sir Arthur Slingsby, Col. Tho Slingsby, Col. Slingsby in Yorkshire whre he was High-Sheriff, 9 jacobi; and always a good Justicer, a noble Landlord, c He was once upon making M●. Thruscross and other godly men trusties for the Education of his Children, in case it should please G●d he failed in the Wa●es. a serious man, much conversant with Holy men, and our best Divines; a generous Master, a Gentleman of a large Estate, spent most of it in the King's service, and the rest sequestered by the Parliament; he brought 600 Horse and Foot to his Majesty, with whom he did more service than any Gentleman in Yorkshire, being always in action, till he was overpowered by Sir H. Ch. at Gis●orough, where he was taken prisoner, till exchanged for Col. Sanderson; with an undaunted Industry upon all occasions pursuing his Majesty's interest; both when he was taken with john Berkely in the West, d In an attempt made ●o vice at H●●●●m moo● 16●5. ●o second Mr. Penruddock. Where ●e and Sir Richard Maleverer were taken; ●e it remembered, that the noble Gentleman Sir Charles Slingby was kissed at Marston-Moor, & Lieutenant Col Sli●gsby at Newberry and with divers other Gentlemen in the North, being a Prisoner in Hull off and on, during the whole Usurpation, till being trepanned by some words of the Officers of that Garrison, against the Usurper, together with some Inclination towards his Majesty, after some cautious pauses, to sound the villains, made use there of some old Commissions he had under his Majesty's hand, for which being brought before a packed Court of his enemies, he was condemned to be murdered, june 8. 1658. (notwithstanding that he there discovered the juggle and plot of the Officers; and the Impossibility of the thing itself) as he was (notwithstanding the Intercession of his Nephew the Lord Viscount Fa●lcon-bridge, the Sultan being, as he said, Inexorable to persuade people forsooth of the horror of the Fact, not to be pardoned in a relation) laying down (after devout and serious prayers, together with a short speech, declaring upon his death the odiousness of the Trepan, and his sorrow that it was not for some more effectual service to his Majesty) with courage and resolution, saying, he was ready to submit his Neck to the Executioners stroke. In the Company of Dr. john Hewet, a Norfolk man, by extraction and Birth, and a Cambridge man by Education, carrying the Gentility of his Family in the gentileness of his behaviour: He stayed not long in Cambridge to be a Scholar, before he came to London, where in those days young men learned to be preachers; whom so sweet his voice, and so comely his presence and behaviour, that as many came to hear him read prayers then, as afterwards flocked to hear him preach. So devout, grave, and distinct his pronunciation, that it is probable the prayers of the Church had never been turned out of it, if Moses had been so preached, that is, edifyingly read (the seriousness of the office, suiting with the weight of the prayers) in our Synagogues; and those maintain the true worth of Common-Prayer in their arguments, did not undervalue them in their Administration. His civility and good carriage preferred him to a relation to the Earl of Lindsey as Chaplain and to his virtuous a Who afterwards ma●●y●d Sir Abraham Shipman, an active Gentlemen for his Majesty during the wares, especially at ●ol●●●ter, for which ●e suffered sev●●●ly, and was cast away in a place in the Indies, he went to possess for his majesty. Sister as husband, with whom he went through the blackest adversity, guilding it with that serenity of temper, which others want in their brightest prosperity, which together with the smoothness, the pleasure of his converse, and diligence of his discourses, the sweetness of his gesture (each part, the liftedup hands, the Heaven-ward fixed eyes, his sweetly grave and sober countenance, and the erect posture, preaching eloquently their respective Sermons, and the whole one great Rhetoric Schem● begat him great applause, as that did great envy, in so much, that when he was convented for the supposed entertainment of my Lord of Ormond his journey to Bruges, and the feigned Plot of burning London (to make him odious in that place where he was so popular) the Usurper did not so much examine, as revile him discovering his own spleen, rather than the good Doctor's design, telling him among other approbrious Imputations, that he was in the City as a Torch set in the midst of a sheaf of Corn, and when he was sentenced by the bloodhounds for denying their authority, and illegal and arbitrary way of proceeding, alleging against them, the known Law of the Land in the best authorities, and precedents; no intercession of the Tyrants own dearest Daughter Cle●poole, (who immediately upon it, fell mad, and before her death told him, such bloody things as hastened his, both dying not long after, the Doctor (after whose death the prosperous villainy never saw good day) could prevail for his life; no, nor of those very Ministers who were suspected out of emulation to irritate him to thirst after his innocent blood; and therefore for shame beseeched him to save it. But june 8th. aforesaid, having made his peace with God, and by his charitable Letters to all persons, he might of infirmity at anytime have offended, as much as in him lay, endeavoured to be at peace with all men; he came with an holy resolution to the Scaffold at Tower-hill (in the company of Dr. Wild, Dr. Warmestry, and Dr. Berwick (of each of whom more hereafter) as he said, To bear witness to the truth, as he did to the a As he did at the Court, offering that if either judges singly o● the learned Counsel at 〈◊〉 would give it under their hands, that the High Court of justice was a Lawful judicatory, he would have pleaded Religion, Laws, and Liberties of England, denying upon his death the matters laid to his charge, and there with Christian magnanimity sealed it, by being beheaded, with his blood. As did b Note that Edward Ashton of All denham, S●●sex Esq p●●● 2000 l. composition. Thomas Ashton of ●●●k●th, Lane, 192l. and T. A. of Westbanke, Lane. 116l. Colonel Ashton a Prisoner for debt, who being allowed a little liberty upon design, fell into some emissaries company, who (as he said upon his death) spoke those dangerous words which they testified against him, and for that was Hanged, Drawn, and Quartered, july 2. 1658. in Tower-street; as did Mr. john Betley, a young man of excellent parts, in Cheapside (who after he was thought dead, pulled off his Cap, and looked upon the people) and Mr. Edward Stacy, who suffered two days after, the last Martyr under the Usurpation. Under which suffered Col. Hugh Grove of Chisenbury in the Parish of Ewford, in the County of Wilts, Esq a Pious, Honest, Meek, and very grave Gentleman, of serious Thoughts, and few Words; that was all fear and reverence in the c Where, how would ●e seal his eyes, and send them to his heart. Church, that heaven (he called it) where God was more than he, making Conscience of giving God, to use his own Word, his Day, and Due; and all integrity without an integrity made up of justice; of which he would say, he could not offer an injury to any, but thereby he taught that person to injure him; adding, that our honesty was our security, and Charity; of which he would often with contentment repeat that Verse of his dear Herbert, join hands with God, to make a Man to live. Who undertaking with the whole Nation (for that noble Engagement was national) for his Majesty's Restauration, the just Privileges of Parliament, the Rights and Liberties of the People, and the established Religion, rose with Sir joseph Wagstaffe in the West, upon confidence of the generality of the design, the discontents of the lately dissolved Parliament (though betrayed by Manning (Colonel manning's Son who was slain at A●esford-fight) who was formerly Secretary to the Earl of Pembroke, and then Clerk to one of his Majesty's Secretaries, betrayed all his Majesty's correspondencies, till Colonel Tukes broke into his Chamber, and caught him in the very fact, for which he was shot to death in the Duke of newburgh's Country) appearing on Monday. M●rch 9 at Salisbury in the Assize time, whence having seized the Lawyer's horses, and the Judges, Rolls and Nicholas Commissions, they marched to Chard in Sommersetshire, where Colonel Penruddock proclaimed the King in his own person, and thence to a W●●h 〈…〉 D●●●● and 〈◊〉. that L●●● 〈…〉 Se●. Southmoulton in Devon-shire, where being b 〈…〉 overpowered by Captain Vnton Cr●●ke Sir Io. Wagstaffe, Sir R. Mason, Esquire Clarke, Mr. Thomas Mompesson (escaping in the dark, as Major Hunt did afterwards in his Sister's clothes) they yielded upon quarter for life, which being unworthily denied, after a close imprisonment at Exeter, and strict examinations before O. P. at London (to discover the Marquess' of Hertford, and Winchester, Mr. Freke, Mr. Hasting, and Mr. Dorrington) where they desired, and had the prayers of several Congregations, they were tried at Exeter, where Mr. Grove, knowing that the Judges were prepossessed, addressed himself to the Jewry, showing them by the known Laws of the Land, that this Loyal Attempt was Duty, and not Treason, which being overruled as the whole current of the Law, was (according to their Sentence, having prayed for the King, the Church, and the Nation, and forgiven Sheriff Dove his false-swearing against him, and Crookes breach of Articles with him) beheaded in Exeter Castle yard, and buried in the Chancel of Saint Sidwells, with this honest Epitaph considering those times, Hic jacet Hugo Grove in Comitatu Wilts Armiger. in resti●uendo Ecclesiam in Asserendo Regem, in propugnando Legem, ac Libertatem Anglicanum Captus & Decollatus, May 6● 1655. Colonel a 〈◊〉 Proclaim 〈◊〉 M●●●●y at Bland●ord. john Penruddock the third Brother of that Ancient and Gentile Family, that died in and for his Majesty's service, in whom Virtue, Religion, and Learning, for he was a choice compound of all these three; was not Frowning, Auster, Servile, Sad, Timorous, and Vulgar; but Free, Cheerful, Lofty, Noble, and generous; grounded neither upon that Delicate and Poetical Piety, made up of pretty conceits, which prevailed lately in France, and since in the more generous part of England; nor upon that Enthusiastical imagination, that obtains among the lower sort of people amongst us, but upon solid reason, that might satisfy the judgement, and rational principles and maxims (according to the Analogy of Faith professed in ours, and in the ancient Church, as he declared at his death to Dr. Short, and others attending him at his death) that might comfort his conscience; reducing all things by Philosophy exalted with Religion to these two Heads, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, what was not in his power, was not in his care; what was in his power, was within his enjoyment; so in the great alterations he saw without him, enjoying peace within, Right the good man, Prov. 14. 14. that is, satisfied with himself, submitting to God in the things without him, and conforming himself to God in the things within. This brave temper, with his vigorous parts and obliging carriage, made him capable of making this Attempt for his Majesty, and able to go bravely through the disasters that followed it, not yielding but upon honourable a He declared at his death, that C C. told him, as he 〈◊〉 on the Road to Exeter, that he was ●●●ry Sir Jo. Wagstaffe was not taken, being he was a brave Gentleman, and might, if taken, have h●d the benefit of the Articles; yea, and that several of C. C Troop were dismissed. because they ●●ver●ed 〈◊〉 Articles, which the Captain protested against, though he had with many importunities and protestations put them upon them. Articles, which were not kept with him; and when he had yielded, offering nothing but good security, that he would be more a Gentleman than to use his life afterwards against those that saved it, to O. P. and others, which was not accepted from him; because he would not betray others to save himself, and so redeem his life with the price of his conscience. He proved irrefragably, and very ingeniously at the Bar, with as much Law, Reason, and Will, as ever Gentleman spoke with, that the Treason he was charged with, was his loyalty and duty; and declaring at the Block the sad condition of people, that instead of known Laws, were subject to arbitrary Injunctions; where forgiving his enemies with an extraordinary charity, praying for his Majesty, the Church, and Realm, with an heroic zeal; comforting his Relations with this consideration, that this disaster was so far from pulling down, that it was likely to build it a story higher; acknowledging the civilities of the b When besieged by Perkin Warbeck in Henry 7. time by the Western Rebels, in Edw. 6. time, and by the Parliament forces in King Charles 1. reign; and now relieving these 80. distressed Gentlemen, not only with necessaries, but superfluities. always Loyal City of Exeter to their whole party, and to him in particular; and saying, that he deserves not one drop of blood, that would not spend it in so good a Cause. He died by Beheading, as generously as he lived. Quid nempe martinum nis● beneficium malo animo datum? J. P. May 6. 1667. With him fell, 1. Mr. c Here note Sir Jervase Lucas, the noble and active Governor of Belvoir, who answered Poinz his Summons thus, viz That he was not set by the King there to yield to Rebels, and that he would not give an Inch of ground which he could maintain with his Sword. Io. Lucas, of good quality in Hungerford, Beheaded on the same account, a plain and a wise man (of a Loyal name, Io. Lucas of Axminster Devon, paying in way of Composition 125 l. Sir Robert Lucas of Leckstone, Essex 637 l.) who puts me in mind of a notable person, who finding the first admission to Court to be the greatest difficulty, appeared in an Antic Fashion, till the strangeness of the show brought the King to be a spectator; then throwing off his disguise, Sir (said he to the King) thus I first arrive at your notice in the fashion of a Fool, who can do you service in the place of a wise man, if you please to employ me. 2. Mr. Kensey, a Gentleman, as they say, of the French, in a manner born with his sword by his side; a modest man, that understood the world, and loved himself too well to be ambitious to go out of that vale, where is least agitation and most warmth. 3. Mr. Thorpe, john Friar, and john Laurence, murdered at Salisbury (besides eleven more at Exeter, whose names we hope are in the Book of Life, thought not in ours) persons that were a great instance of Charrons Tenet, viz. that Nobility is, but there being mean persons of the noblest extractions, and noble persons of the meanest, who have this honour, that the chief of their Judges lived to beg his pardon and life with tears, for condemning them when the most inconsiderable of them scorned to beg their lives of him. Two of whom indeed, Mr. jones and Mr. Dean, owed their lives to them, who usurping mercy, as well as majesty, disparaged the kindness so far, that these Gentlemen would say, they had not a good tenure of their, till his Majesty pardoned them the fault of holding them of Tyrants. Colonel john Gerard, Brother to the Right Honourable Sir Gilbert Gerard (who had eight of the name Colonels in the King's Army; viz. the Lord Gerard, Colonel Edward Gerard, both the (b) a Sir Gilbert Gerard 〈◊〉, was 〈◊〉 near 〈…〉 Sir Gilbert Gerard's, Colonel Ratcliff Gerard, Colonel Richard G●rard, Colonel C. Gerard, and himself) and these of the same name Sequestered, viz. Thomas Gerard of Ince, Lanc. paying 209 l. Thomas Gerard of Angton, Lanc. 280 l. Richard Gerard of Brin, Lanc. Esq 100l. Sir Gilbert Gerard London 200 l. William Gerard of Penington, Lanc. 30 l. A Gentleman of so much loyalty and spirit, that it was but employing a few emissaries to cast out a word or two in his company in the behalf of his Majesty, and his tender nature presently took the occasion, for which being convented on the testimony of his young Brother Charles, then but nineteen years old, frighted to what he did (as the Colonel) said on his death, sending him word, that he loved him notwithstanding b D●●●ing his ●re●●● 〈◊〉 think ●●●●●y of him. with all his heart) he cleared himself of all the imputations of a design to burn the City, ●earing that he should not die in his Majesty's favour for dying under a suspicion of such a thing so unworthy of him; and disowned their authority, preparing himself for that death, he had so often looked in the face both in England and in France, (for he Commanded in both kingdoms) with a becoming frame and temper, ennobled with honourable and devout circumstances, by the assistance of a faithful Minister, that honoured his Family; and in the company of many Reverend and Noble Friends, with the Offices of the Church of England every day, from his first imprisonment to his death, july 10. 1654. all with as much reverence, zeal, thankfulness, holy sorrows and joys, as his great soul could hold. When with a religious confidence took his leave cheerfully, and particularly of all his honourable and good friends, he passed through the Guards, on whom he bestowed money twice bareheaded, out of an humble respect to the people, that pitied him on each side, till he rather leapt up than ascended the Scaffold upon Tower-hill smiling, with a pretty glance of his Eye (which was a natural loveliness in him) on the Executioner, and his Instrument, and saying, Welcome, honest Friend, that will do the deed I'll warrant it. And being refused by the Sheriffs, Edward Sleigh, and Thomas Allen, to speak to the people, Let us, saith he to the Reverend Minister with him, speak to God, as they did for half an hour afterwards; professing he died a faithful Subject to King Charles II. (for whom, he said, he would lay down, if he had them, a thousand lives) and a Son of the Church of England, for both whose Restauration he prayed; and desiring the people to remember a poor Sovereign abroad, who (he said) deserved to be remembered, bowed himself to the stroke of death, with Christian meekness and courage extraordinarily mixed together; the same time and place, but not with the same weak spirit that Don Pantaleon sa died with, who for fight with Mr. Gerard on the New-Exchange (where one Mr. Greenaway no ways concerned in the quarrel was killed) was brought to die with him (though on a different occasion) on Tower hill. Upon which day Mr. Peter Vowel, a Bedford-shire man, Schoolmaster of Is●ington, being betrayed by a blind Minister he relieved at his house, and disowning the pretended High-Court of Justice, whom, as Jerome of Prague did his adversaries, he cited to appear before the great Tribunal, was murdered at Charing-Cross (a pitiful Minister of theirs sent under pretence of comforting, to trepan him, passing as severe a sentence on his Soul as they had done on his body) dying as they would tell him, and he confessed confidently, instructing the Soldiery in the dangerous principles they went on in; and professing his adherence to the King and the Church, desiring that none should be disheartened at his death, being assured that sanguinis Martyrum (which he said they shed as the Heathens did in their bloody sacrifices) should be semen Ecclesiae, commending his soul to God's mercy, and his numerous family to his providence, saying, He was sure the King should be restored, and that his poor family should be better provided for than it could be by him; he and Mr. Gerard leaving these principles behind them. 1. That men might be excellent if they looked to their thoughts before they became desires, and happy if they had but a right Opinion of things, and understood. That all the good and evil of man's life, though it may have its occasions without, hath truly and really its causes prevented or lessened, or turned into good by a virtuous disposition. 2. And that they looked into Opinions before they turned into Passions. Major Henshaw escaped by flying, and Mr. Somerset Fox by Argument, that Massacre, as did Mr. Manley a Merchant. The noble Gentleman Sir. Humphrey Bennet a Brigadire in his Majesty's Army, Mr. Woodcock, Mr. Carrent, Mr. Friar, Mr. Io. Sumner, and Mr. Oliver Allen, Mr. Hatgil Baron, Mr. Stapely, Mr. Mansel, Mr. jackson, and Mordant, 1658. Mr. Sidney Fotherbie, and Mr. Tudor a Chirurgeon. In which yet Col. a Cap. Simkins, formerly Governor of Beaumoris, shot to death for carrying a Letter from the King, to Sir Thomas Middleton, and being as true as his Steel, not to be frighted or flattered to discover any. Benlow fell Oct. 1651. having been observed active in the engagement at Worcester, being shot to death at Shrewsbury; a Person very observant in his carriage of that Rule in Mr. Herbert. 'Slight not the smallest loss, whether it be In Love or Honour, take account of all; Shine like the Sun in every corner, see Whether thy stock of Credit swell or fall, Who say, I care not, those I give for lost; And in his habit of this, Affect in things about thee cleanliness; That all may gladly board thee as a flower, Slovens take up their stock of noisomeness Before hand, and Anticipate their last hour. Let thy mind's sweetness have his operation Upon thy Body, clothes, and Habitation. And Sir Timothy Fetherstonhaugh, I think of Corkes-would in Cumberland Knight, having paid 700 l. for the service of King Charles I. laid down his life for King Charles II. which he ventured magnanimously in the Field at Wiggan in Lancashire with the Earl of Derby, with whom he (being taken prisoner there) lost it resolute●ly by beheading after a Court-Martial at Chest●r, where he denounced judgement on the Murderers that passed sentence upon him; setting the foulness of their fact with as much power on their Consciences, as they did his Loyalty upon his Person, and praying as heartily for the King's person then in danger, as for his own soul, doing all he could honourably to save his life, that he might not be felo de se; and nothing dishonourably, that he might not be a Traitor to Allegiance, comforting himself with that saying of Pope Nicholas, Martyrum solennia non funebria tanquam morientium sed (utpote in vera vita nascentium natalitia vocantur; and be it here remarqued, that Sir Henry Fetherston, and Col. john Fetherston, put as fair for Martyrdom as Sir Timothy, which on all occasions to serve his Majesty, they declined not by their own Cowardice, but escaped by the Divine Providence, winning and wearing the name of Confessors. One whose Son lay very sick, being told by a Physician that his Son was a dead man, said, I had rather a Physician should call him so an hundred times, than a Judge on the Bench once; whose pronouncing him for a dead man makes him one. Sir b Laurence Hide, D●b●ney South 9● l. composition 〈◊〉. Hide Kenning Berks Esq 538 l. Henry Hide, Brother as I take it, to the Lord High Chancellor, bred a Turkey Merchant, and after the gaining of a considerable Estate and Experience, made their Consul at Morea; where his integrity and prudence gained him such respect in those parts, that his Majesty having some occasion of correspondence at the Port, sent him (to use his own word) Internuncio thither (without any design against either the Merchants whom he had a charge to be tender of, or Sir Thomas Bendish who had been a Prisoner in the Tower, and paid a 1000 l. for his Loyalty to his Majesty, by whose Commission he was there Ambassador, and who hath published an Apology to clear himself about Sir. H. death) where the Visier being bribed, as it is the fashion there, to betray him to the Faction of Merchants (which the c Much valued by Archbishop Laud, for his de●● e●●y, activity, and integrity, and Sequestered. honourable Sir Sackevill Crow (a Gentleman able and willing to do his Majesty as much service as any man in England in his lowest condition, though he hath and doth infinitely suffer for it in his highest) had to do with keeping up his Majesty's Reputation at Constantinople in spite of them as long as it pleased God to preserve his life in England) who sent him in the S●irna-Fleet, with other honest persons that there sided with him, to England, where after some month's Imprisonment in the Tower, he was by an High-Court of Justice (which refused him the Liberty of pleading in d Berba●ously and foolish ●ascribing that request of his, vanity and affectation of strange tongues. Italian, the language he was most ready and expressive in) sentenced, and accordingly March 4. 1650. (out of malice to his Brother and Master, as if they had a design against the people's Trades) beheaded near the Exchange, where being attended by Dr. Hide, Bishop Usher had been with him before, he owned the e Several times calling him the most pious and just Prince in the World. King, and Church of England, Allegiance he said being incorporated in his Religion; he protested he was sent to the Levant, to serve and protect all, and injure none, as a Messenger to take care of the English Interest there, until his Majesty had settled an Ambassador; Hum Hide Kingston Berks Esq ●aid for his Loyalty 610l. he blessed God for giving him the advantage of paying that Debt due by nature upon the account of grace; and this way bringing him to himself, he cleared his Brother and all other persons from any design against the English Merchants, and offered all the satisfaction in the world to any person that desired it; the Axe doing that at one blow, which his many Diseases would have done within a few weeks, for he was not able either to rise or fall himself, though he was able to die. Dr. Levens. This Learned Gentleman descended of an ancient Family in Oxford-shire, Lewis Levens of Heslington York, paid for composition 316l. and Lewtian Lewins of Ruthall York 130l. near Bolley, within a mile of the University. His Education was truly generous, his Profession the Civil Law, wherein he was graduated a Doctor, and in which he was excellently known before these Wars. He continued most part of the War at Oxford, and his own adjacent dwelling, till such time as the surrender of the said City into the hands of the Parliament, where he had the same terms, and was concluded in the Articles of that Capitulation; which being forced to accept and lay down his Arms, he again re-assumed his wont studies. But after the Murder of the late King, this Gentleman (very considerable in his numerous acquaintance, prudence and integrity) considering the confusion, impendent ruin of Church and State, became engaged for the Son our present Sovereign, as before for his Royal Father; several Consultations and private Meetings were held by him and others in order to his service; to which purpose he also received Commission from the King then in France, for several Officers of these Forces designed to be raised, and other instructions as the Affairs proceeded. But the sagacious industry of the Parliaments spies lighting upon some glimpses of this business, which they followed so close, that they discovered Dr. Levens to be the chief Agitator and Manager of the plot, in whose breast the Cabal was principally lodged. An Order thereupon was made by the Council of State, and a Warrant signed by Bradshaw the Precedent, to seize and bring him before them, and to search his Chamber, and break up his Trunks for Papers; (he then being at London, the place most expedient for the design) which accordingly was done, a file or two of Musqueteers guarding and securing the House, where the said Papers were; among which there were blank Commissions signed by the King, to the purport aforesaid, were found with him and carried to the Council, who thereupon ordered him to be proceeded against as a Spy, and referred him to a Council of War. Accordingly he was soon afterwards tried by a Court-Martial, where he not excused himself, but acknowledged their Allegations against him, and the Justice of his Cause, of which he told them he was no way ashamed, but if it must be so, he would willingly lay down his life in the owning of it. He told them moreover, he was indispensably bound by the Laws of God and this Kingdom to do what he did, and so referred himself to them. They very earnestly pressed him to reveal the other parties engaged with him, and gave him fallacious hopes of life, if he would freely declare them; but those offers prevailed not with him, being resolved to suffer and take all upon himself, rather than to ruin others, whom they could not fasten upon without his discovery. So the Court proceeded to Sentence, which was that he should be hanged over against the Exchange in Cornhill in Exchange time; which after some little preparation was executed, he being brought in a Coach from the Mews with the Executioner Vizarded with him, and a Troop of Horse to guard him to the said place, where the Sheriffs received him into their charge. After he alighted, and some words passed between them concerning the said discovery, he told them they should not expect it, and desired them to forbear any further trouble to that purpose; and so ●ascending up the Ladder, where he prayed very fervently for the King and the Church, and commending his soul into the hands of his Redeemer, and so concluded his last breath on the eighteenth of july 1650. Col. Eusebius Andrews, an honest and Religious man, bred in my Lord Capulets Family, whose Secretary he was, and a good Lawyer of Grays-Inn, engaging in his Majesty's cause from 1642. to t●e surrender of Worcester 1645. when taking neither Covenant, Protestation, negative Oath, nor engagement in London, he followed his Profession, till one Io. Bernard formerly a Major under him, because of his good parts and sober demeanour admitted to his familiarity) brought one Captain Helmes and Mr. B●nson f Here note 〈…〉 Line 〈◊〉 paid 〈◊〉 Loy●●y and Jo. 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 ●llcx. Gent. 30● (formerly belonging to Sir john Gell, who was hanged on this occasion Oct. 7. 1650. to save his Arrears, repenting that ever he had served the Parliament, and praying heartily for the King) to his acquaintance, who insinuated the discontents of Sir. Io. Gell and other Reformadoes; the designs of the Levellers and Agitators, and Letters from Mr. Rushworth, to be sent by Mr. Brown Bushel a Sea-Captain, very active in bringing the Fleet to the Prince's command, taken as he was waiting an opportunity to serve the King at London, and tossed from Custody to Custody till he went to the Tower, (where it went so hard with him for necessaries, that his Wife was forced to go with his daily provision from Covent-Garden to the Tower every day) and thence being condemned for delivering up Scarborough to his Majesty, to the Scaffold at Tower-hill, under which being deluded with a promise of pardon, that very day he was for fear of the Seamen that loved him beheaded suddenly April 29. 1651.) beyond Sea; Sir Io. Gells Interest in the Country, and his regret that he had served the Parliament; and not only so, but brought him to Sir. Io. Gells Company, who expressed himself very sensible of the Parliaments ill requital of him, and his desire to be represented as a Loyal Subject to King Charles II. and likewise offered him the model of a design and engagement, entered into by the Buckingham, Dorset, and Kentish Gentry, with Overtures of Money to go over and promote the said design with his Majesty in Sir john Gells, Sir Guy Palms, Sir Io. Curson, Sir Thomas Whitmore, Mr. Fitz Herbert, and Sir Andrew Knovelaes', and the aforesaid gentlemen's names, appointing Col. Andrews to go to Gravesend to meet with the Kentish Gentlemen, whereof none came there; where the betrayed man was taken March 24. 1640. with Dr. H●nry Edward's, Mr. Clarke, and Sir Henry Chichley, who were casually with him; and being brought to Lond. examined before the Council of State by Scot so punctually, to each circumstance of his life his several Lodgings, Names, and Acquaintances, Removes, Abodes, Correspondencies, and Interests since 1646.) that he saw he was betrayed, and therefore set down a plain Narrative, being sensible, as he said, that Bradshaw had set a spy upon him for four years together; after which examination, and being confronted by Sir Io. Gell, who was trepanned as well as himself, he was kept close Prisoner for sixteen weeks together in the Tower, and after a Rational, Learned, Accurate, and brave Plea in the behalf of the Freemen of England against the Authority of the High Court of Justice, sentenced to be beheaded, as he was on Tower-hill, August 22. 1650. when as he said, the fear of Isaac had banished all other fears: after holy preparations for death, with the assistance of Dr. Swaddling, the Sequestered Minister of St. Botolph Aldgate, who thanked him for his three day's converse with him, excellent Letters and Discourses to his Friends, (for he was an exact Orator) a Divine Will, where having little else left, he bequeathed good Instructions to, and prayed for his only Daughter Mavilda Andrews; a satisfactory account of his Faith and Charity, in the clear way of Dialogue to the Doctor, (to whom he had unbosomed himself in private) before the people; earnest prayers both of his own and the Doctors, (who professed himself his Scholar, rather than Instructor) comforting himself in the honourable kind of his Death answerable to his Birth and Quality, in the good Cause of it wherein he said, his Judgement was satisfied, and his Conscience settled, and in the blessed issue of it, hoping it would bring him to the presence of Christ, King Charles, and his good Lord Capel: (no face of the many that looked on him he observed, but had something of pity in it) he was enroled in the noble Army of Martyrs with such incredible constancy, that it much confirmed his friends, and amazed his foes. One of the greatest of whom said, Alas poor innocent, a better Speech from a private person, than a public Magistrate, bound by his Usurped place not only to pity, but protect afflicted Innocence, especially in so sweet and amiable a nature as Mr. Andrews, whom all good men did love, and few bad men did hate; all men knowing that all his fault was (to use his own words) a believing nature wrought upon by treacherous men; whereof one, I mean Bernard, was hanged four years after wards at Tyburn, for robbing Col. Winthorps' House at Westminst●r Discite justitiam moniti. In this Rubric g 〈…〉 with the Lord Beaumond, Si. Thomas Beaumond, 〈◊〉 Beaumond of York, and 〈◊〉 Beaumond paid 5000l. composition. Mr. Beaumond, an Orthodox Minister of Pontefract, noted for his Loyal, Resolute, and constant Adherence to the Royal Cause, and for settling at his House the design for surpri●zing Pontefract, and keeping Intelligence, Stating and Regulating Contributions, bringing in relief, spying the enemy's Lines and advantages, and going out in several parties to secure it when it was taken; murdered by a Council of War, who took, sentenced, and executed him in two hours, Feb. 15. 1648. deserves to have one name, being an instance of an extraordinary Cruelty in one respect, that with a Fanatic respect to the Law, Deut. 13. 6. his nearest relation was forced to have a hand in his execution, contrary to the Civil Law among Heathens. Filius non torquetur in Caput parentis. And Col. john Morris Governor of Pontefract, wichh he had with extreme pains h Having been of the King's Army till Liverpool was 〈…〉 quiet ●● the Country, be ●●d by Col. Forbes, Col. Overten, and Litutenant Col Fair●ax persuasion in the Parliament 〈…〉 that Cr●●● did the King this service. taken, and with extreme hardship kept (the last Garrison in England for the King; being forced to render himself and five more upon discretion) and after two and twenty week's imprisonment, sentenced at York, where he i Tho●pe and Paleston the judges, being able to say nothing to him but silence him. convinced them that it was against the Law of Arms, that a Soldier should be tried by a Jury, and against all the Laws of the Land, that a Subject should die for acting according to an acknowledged Sovereign's Commission, and yet as his Master, the Earl of Strafford, under whom he had his Education, he was against all the Laws in being murdered August 23. 1649. Sealing his Allegiance k H. Morris Weston Salop, Mr. Morris of Penny b●n● Denbigh, N Morris Emptail York, Edw. Morris, Devon. paid 1200l. to his Sovereign, as his Sovereign had the Liberti●● of his people with his blood; refusing to do an extraordinary act, which like Samson, Eliah, etc. he was urged to do to save himself. Giants were products of the Copulations between the Sons of God and the Daughters of men (Copulations unlawful, not because they were too near, but because they were too far akin,) and Monsters must be the issue of the horrid mixture of an extraordinary example by Commission from God, and ordinary actions of mere men, who allege Heaven to justify the mischiefs of Hell. (Premendo sustulit, ferendo vicit) Deserves another mention, as honest Cornet l R. Blackborn Major, paid 242l. composition. Blackborn (who after 7. years faithful service to his Sovereign, for whom he prayed to his last, was murdered at the same time, because of the same successless attempt, I say successless Our Sovereign, the Copy like God, the Original coming not in the tempestuous wind of War, the fire of Fury, or Earthquake of open enmity, but in the still voice of a peaceable composition; and to show that this should not be man's work, God suffered both the Wisemen of the North, the Men of Kent and Cheshire, Chief-men, to fail in their Loyal endeavours; that it might be God's work, and justly marvellous in our eyes) must needs have a third mention; and Captain Burleigh murdered at Winchester by Wild, Feb. 10. 1647. for beating up Drum according to his Allegiance in the Isle of Wight for his Majesty, when deposed by the Vote of Non-Addresses, and affronted in that place which should have been his Sanctuary, the disgrace of Law, yet indicted for levying War against the King, when Rolfe against was whom proved a design of Assassinating his Majesty, was in the same time and place acquitted, claims a fourth place in the bloody Calendar; all Courts then casting Loyalty as the Maid's Graves at Colen do, in a night Vomit up all men's bodies buried there. And let Mr. Daniel Kniveton, formerly a Haberdasher in Fleetstreet, and in the Wars one of his Majesty's Messengers for bringing the King's Seal to London to Prorogue Michaelmas Term, contrary to the Law of Nations, which secure Envoyes, murdered by a Council of War over against the Old Exchange, Nou. 27. 1●43. One Mr. Benson, an honest Bookseller in Fleetstreet, accompanying him at his death, lie the last whose Memories are starved into Skeletons in History, having few passages to flesh, and fill up the same as their bodies were in Prison. Mr. Tomkins, an accomplished Person by Education, being Fellow of Magdalen College in Oxford, where he was Tutor to the Right Honourable the now Earl of Bristol, a Which he managed the better by living at Becon● field privately, at an equal distance between Oxford and London. and traveller, having attended the old Earl of Bristol (who commended him to be Clerk of the Queen's Counsel as the ablest man in England, for various Languages, a posite Pen, and a solid and reaching Head-piece) into Spain and other parts, having form many a Confederacy against the Faction (an Anti-Pym, as much the Head of the sober party, as the other was of the wild one) both in the Election of the two last Parliaments, and the management of many Affairs in them; and brought this last, oft engaging the City (by possessing them with new grievances every day, first to Petition the Parliament to an accommodation, and then being enraged as he ordered it with the denial, to surprise them and their Strength, Guards, Lines, and Magazines about London, to let in the King's Army, issuing out a Commission of Array from his Majesty to that purpose, to Sir G. Binion, a great sufferer for his Majesty, Richard Edes, b Who died in prison. Mr. Hasell, Marmaduke Royden Esq Thomas Blinkhorne, Edward Foster, Steven Bolton, Robert Aldem, Edward Carleton, Charles genning's, William White, R. Abbot, Andrew King, Thomas Brown, Peter Pagon, etc.) to a wonderful forwardness, till his Letters to his Brother-in-law c Who paid ●●r his life 2000 l. Edm. Waller, which he bid him always Copy and burn, being seized, discovered; and brought him after a Trial by a Court-Martial, where he bravely overthrew their Authority to execution, where he was very resolved near Grays-inn, whereof he was Member; and Mr. chaloner against the old Exchange, where he had been an eminent Citizen, both instances of the Italian Proverb. Chi offend non perdonu moy. That the offendor never forgiveth. Next Mr. Thomkins (many of whose name suffered for his Majesty, Thomas Thomkins of Mannington Hereford Esq paid in Goldsmith's Hall 1443l. 6 s. 8 d. Nathaniel Thomkins of Elmridge Worcester, Gent. 208 l. 16 s. 8 d. Peregrine Thomkins London 60 l. and Mr. chaloner, whose Cousin Thomas chaloner of Shrewsbery, I think the admirable Greek Scholar, and Schoolmaster of Shrewsbery, Newport, and Ruthin, to whom that part of the Kingdom was very much beholding (for keeping up the Principles of Loyalty, which he distilled into the vast company of Gentlemen bred by him with their Learning) paid 60 l. Henry Challenor of Steeple Cheydon Bucks, 666 l.) were murdered (notwithstanding his Majesty's express Letter to the contrary, sent to the City of Bristol, and General Forths to the Governor and the Counsel of War,) the brave spirited man of a large soul, and great employments, Mr. yeoman's, with Mr. Bouchers, suddenly (the time of their execution being concealed for fear of the a Who 〈◊〉 great 〈…〉. people, who out of respect to the Cause they suffered for, the delivering of the City from Loans, Taxes, and other Oppressions, b Prince Rup●●● with 〈◊〉 H●●e and 2000 Foot upon D●r●●●. Downs, expecting the 〈◊〉 the Ringing of 〈◊〉, having order not to offer violence to any, only to 〈◊〉 them that had taken an Oath among themselves to maintain the King's Crown and Dignity. Note that the gates of the City were s●ut against the King's Letters for these men so that they c●me not till they were dead. to his Majesty's Forces, and their Persons, Mr. Robert yeoman's having been Sheriff the year before) May 29. 1643. giving testimony to their own Allegiance, and against the Rebels proceedings, out of 2 Tim. 3. Chap. 2 Pet. 2. and the Epistle of St. jude, for which they were as honourably attended to their Graves (having left their Wives big with Child, and many Children behind them to the mercyless Rapine of the Enemy, an object of their Charity, rather than Cruelty,) the one to Christ-Church, and the other to St. Warburghs, as ever Citizens were. (Whilst (see the hand of God) the Governor N. F. was not long after condemned to die in a Counsel of War, for delivering that City to Prince Rupert: and the Advocate Clem. Walker dying in prison by the same power, under which he acted here; as did Major Hercules Langrish, who gave the five Members notice of the Kings coming to the House of Commons to demand them) their design being but to assert his Sacred Majesty's Authority, who was blasphemed there every day, and to keep the City free from the Parliament Army, as the King promised they should be from his. I find that Io. Boucher of Bristol Merchant paid 160 l. composition. THE Life and Death OF GEORGE Lord GORING, Earl of Norwich. DEscended from the Ancient Sussex Family of the Goring, Sheriffs of that County successively from Edward the Fourths time, to King james; bred in Sidney-colledge in Cambridge, to which he was a Benefactor, the second year of King james 1603. Subscribing (I suppose, upon the Importunities of his Mother, much addicted to that party) the Millemanus Petition about Church-government, concerning the reason of which subscription King james used to make good sport with him; till, being ashamed of himself, he went in Sir Francis and Sir Horace Vere's Company into the Low-countrieses wars, where by his resolute attempts, and good faculty in projecting, either in the way of Entrenching in Garrisons, or Encamping in the Field, he attained to the Command of the best Regiment of Foot (Veteranes all, that he was very chary, knowing there was a great deal of time requisite to make a brave man) in which Command he continued there till he was called by his Majesty to Command against the Scots; in which business, and the design of bringing that Army to London 1640. and 1641. to bring the Parliament and Tumults to reason, the old irreconcilable differences upon a Duel in Holland, between him and my Lord Willmot, made no little obstruction. In the beginning of our English wars, he was made Captain-Governor of the Garrison and Fort of Portsmouth, where he caught the Countrymen that assailed him in a Net, till he was overpowered, and for want of Relief, by the King's Order, forced to yield, and take a Pass for Holland; whence (using his old interest there effectually) he returns December 15. with a good sum of Money, great store of Arms, some Piece of Ordnance, and fourscore old Commanders, joining to the Earl of Newcastle, and rendering him formidable, and assisting him in settling the Contributions of the Country, till the fatal fight of Marston-moor (which was begun against the Lord goring mind, though managed in the left wing, which he Commanded, with success, beating the right wing of Sir Tho. Fairfax, and the Scots Horse upon the Lord F. and the Scots Foot, with great, if not too much execution) after which, with that incomparable Soldier Sir Richard Greenvill, he laid the Plot for entrapping Essex in Lestithiel, with 1500. horse, stopping all provision from coming in at Saint Blaze, and reducing them to straits, by keeping their horse and foot close together; about which time, making use of their distress, he set on foot the Subscriptions for an accommodation, August 8. 1644. The next news we hear of him, after a Consultation about carrying on of the war, between him, the Lord Hopton, and the Lord Gerard, (who left all he had, sticking to his Majesty in all conditions since the Restauration) at Bristol, was the siege of Taunton, the taking of Wellington-house by storm, the clearing of the passage for the King from Oxford to Bristol, to break into that Association; interesting the State's Ambassadors, Borrel of Amsterdam, and Reinsworth of Vlrecht, both made Barons by his Majesty, in the King's Cause, forming the Protestation in the Western Counties, in opposition to the Covenant; hampering the Forces of Gloucestershire with his horse and dragoons, whither he brought his Majesty, writing to him afterwards not to fight at Nazeby, until he came to him with 4000 horse; and pursuing the siege of Taunton (where he fomented the tumult of the Clubmen, lending them some Officers) till the whole Parliament Forces coming upon him, after a stout and cunning maintenance of several Passes that divided the Enemy, and Lines and Hedges that secured the Men, who retreated nobly to Bridge-water, with 2000 in spite of 14000. men, and thence to the North of Devon-shire, where being able to do little good (his Soldiers having no Pay, observing no Discipline, provoking the Country against them, as much as they did the enemy; and he, in the Dutch way of good fellowship, losing opportunities, which admit no after-games) he slipped away, under pretence of leading some French Forces that were promised into Holland, with some contributions in his Pocket, to assist the Prince of Wales; (for whom he gained all the civilities imaginable in the State's Ports, Counsels, Treasuries, Magazines, and Armies) and with whose Commission he returned, to form the general design all over England, 1648. for his Majesty's Restauration; particularly in Kent and Essex, where by chance, he met the Commissioners in his way to Sussex; the loyal Inhabitants whereof (in pursuance of the Petition for Peace, which some of them had lost their lives in the delivery of) he (having given direction for seizing all the Arms and Ammunition of the Country) modelled into an Army, that moved up and down, to encourage the Loyalty of the whole Country to an insurrection, confining the factious as they went, giving out Commissions to several Land-officers (when upon a Who was at a vast charge to entertain the Reforma●es from all parts. Mr. Hales, Sir William Brockham, Mr. Matthew Carter, Sir Anthony Aucher, Sir Rich. Hardres, Col. Hatton, Mr. Arnold Brium, Sir john mince, Sir Io. Roberts, Colonel Hamond, and the rest of the Country gentlemen's importunity, he had accepted the charge of General, which the Duke of Richmond had waved) and dispatching Letters to the Sea-officers, and Messages for Arms and Ammunition into France and Holland, with a Copy of the Engagement; taking in Deal and Sandwich, together with Provisions, securing the Passes, and Rendezvouzing at Barham-downs, three miles from Maidston, where he was proclaimed General in the head of the Army; in which capacity he would have quartered his Army close together, but was fatally overruled by a Counsel of War, of generous spirits, rather than experienced Soldiers, to whom always, after the delivery of his own opinion, he referred himself) to let them lie at large, whereby they were dispersed, and made liable on all sides to the enemy, without any possibility of relief from one another; the reason why such a number of them was cut off at Maidston; after which Engagement, leaving some to secure the Country about Rochester, the General marched towards London; for the Lord Mayor and Common-counsel promised assistance, where finding all things against him, and nothing for him, after two or three night's absence in viewing the nature of the Essex Engagement, in his own person, for he would trust no body else, and finding the disorders, at his return, of his Forces by continual alarms and want of rest, disposed of them to the best posture for refreshment (he himself having had no sleep in four days and three nights) and then marched them, to quicken the backward Levies at Chelmsford, not far from which place, to encourage them, he drew them to a Rendezvouz; and to regulate them, divided the Volunteers that came in, into Troops, whence marching to Colchester, not with any design to stay there, but being surrounded, he made such provisions of Victuals, raised such Works, made such Sallies, kept such Guards, and bore up the hearts of his men by such Orders, Examples, and Declarations, that he maintained an unwalled old Town eleven months together against the Parliament, General, and Army, till all hopes of Relief was cut off; and all Provisions, even the Horses, Dogs, and Cats were spent. After which, being Impeached before the a Note that it ●as the po●●nt 〈◊〉 of the ●●anish Ambassador that 〈◊〉 his life, whereupon he said, I was pulling off my Double●, now I wi●●●ook ●n on my Br●e●●. High Court of Justice, as it was called, he so artificially pleaded the authority he acted under, and the harmlesseness of the design he acted in, that his case being put to the Juncto, it was carried by one voice, and that was the Speakers, his life and banishment; whereupon going beyond Sea, was very instrumental in order to his Master's service, in making the peace between Spain and Holland, and the war between Holland and the Faction in England; for all which service b He 〈◊〉 800l. composition, Henry Goring Sullington, Sussex 40l. H. Goring Burton, Sussex 250l. and sufferings, being Created by Charles I. Baron of Hurst-Perpoint in Sussex, and (after the death of his Mother's Brother, Edward Lord Denny) Earl of Norwich 21. Car. I. he was made Captain of the Guard of Pensioners to his Majesty, and Clerks of the Counsel, upon the Marches of Wales; the Motto of the Bohemian Nobility, that sided with Frederick Prince Elector Palatine, viz. Compassi conr●gnabimus, being made good to him, though not to them, he partaking as well of the prosperities of his Majesty's Restitution, as he had done of his adversities and afflictions, till he died suddenly at his Inn in Bren●ord Middlesex. 1663. In his Company it is fit to mention, 1. Sir john Owen of Klinenney, in Caernarvonshire, Vice-Admiral of North-Wales, a Gentleman of a noble and an undaunted spirit, and great interest in his Country; which he led thrice to the assistance of his Majesty, first 1642. continuing in the service with much respect from the greatest men, pleased with the Integrity and generosity of his spirit in the Army; much love from the meanest, paying, using, and fight his Soldiers well in 7. Battles, 9 Seiges, and 32. Actions, leading to the most hazardous undertaking; and bringing off from the most desperate onset; till 1646. Secondly, 1647. and 1648. making as considerable a party in North-Wales, for his Majesty's Restauration, in spite of the Sheriffs and other Officers. Of those Countries at Talerheer, Caernarvon, (where after a smart fight, he was taken Prisoner, sentenced at London, but for want of evidence at that distance against one; so well beloved, pardoned. Thirdly, 1659. raising Anglesea, Caernarvonshire, and Merioneth-shire, at the same time that Sir G. B. and Sir T. M. did Cheshire, Denbighshire, and Flintshire, etc. besides what he did a little before he died, 1665. with great pains and charge, raising 4. or 500 excellent Soldiers for his Majesty's Sea Engagement, and all this without any other design, than the satisfaction of a great Spirit, intent upon public good, ready since his Majesty's return to beg for others, scorning it for himself. One motive urged to save his life, 1649. was, that he would be as quiet alive, as dead; if he once passed but his word! Free above all in his Company, never above himself or his Estate, observing Mr. Herbert's Rule. Spend not on hopes, set out so, As all the day thou mayst hold out to go. He died 1666. in the 63. year of his Age, with whom it is sit to remember Mr. William Owen of Pontsbury Salop, whose Loyalty cost him 150 l. Pontsbury Owen of E●ton Mascal, Salop Esq who paid 601 l. composition, Roger Owen of Shrewsbery Esq who paid 700 l. Sir William Owen of Candore Salop, who paid 314 l. Edward Owen of Candover Salop, who paid 207 l. Morgan Owen Bishop of Landaffe 1000 l. Richard Owen of Shrewsbery 250 l. Sir john Owen's Eldest Son, Mr. William Owen, had all his Portion with Mrs. Anwill Sequestered and seized; Sir john's Brother, that wise and sober Gentleman, Mr. William Owen of Porkington Salop, the beloved Governor of Harlech in Merioneth-shire, and the contriver of the General Insurrection 1648. in North-wales and South-wales at London, besides several years' banishment, paid 414 l. 6 s. 8 d. composition. And Dr. john Owen, Son of Mr. john Owen, Bishop John Owen of St. Asaph. the worthy and grave Minister of Burton latimer's in the County of Northampton, where he was born, bred Fellow of jesus College in Cambridge, preferred beyond his expectation Chaplain to King Charles the I. whilst Prince, and made without his knowledge Bishop of St. Asaph 1629. by him (when much troubled with two Competitors, as an expe●dient to end the Controversy) when King; well beloved by all, because related to most of the Gentry of North-wales, one whose Poetical studies sweetened his modest nature, and that his Government, besides Imprisonment in the Tower for the Protestation; the loss of all his Spiritual preferments, he patiently laid down 500 pound for his Temporal Estate. To whom I may add worthy Mr. Owen of Wrexham, the Church whereof he had extraordinarily beautified, a good Scholar, and a holy man, the Honour a He writ several Learned Discourse how the Loyal Clergy should behave themselv●s in the exigencies of th●se times he and Mr. Maurice of ●. Lanbeder Den●. Another undaunted sufferer ma●●yed two daughters of Doctor William's Warden of Ru●then, one of whom M●s. Maurice suffered ●y the barbarousness of the Roundheads beyond expression, as you may see in Mr. Weavers Poems. and Oracle of the Orthodox Clergy, and the great disgrace and trouble of the Adversaries, who could not in Interest suffer him to preach, no● a great while (till their guilts had hardened them beyond all regrets) in Conscience silence him, being so charitable a man to the poor, so useful a man in that Country among the Rich; and so wellbeloved of all, as a great example of his Doctrine, the reason why with our Saviour (who could say, Who of you accuseth me of sin?) he preached with Authority, giving strict measure to his people, and yet making more strict and severe to all Clergymen and himself; having a great command over all his affections, easy and bountiful, moderate (To avoid litigiousness, which render so many Ministers useless) in demanding his deuce; taking care not to make the name of the Church a pretence to covetousness, never conditioning for before, and seldom receiving wages after the Administration of any Ordinance, very careful against the least appearance of Pride, or any concernment in the Affairs of the world, exact in the knowledge of himself, that he might understand others; more careful of duty than fame, and therefore sweetly and temperately undergoing the Obloquys of those times, which he would say could not speak worse of him, than he thought of himself; being a great Artist in patience, Christian simplicity and ingenuity, being none of those (he said) though he had a good one that trusted more to their Memory, than to Truth. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Cleveland, and Lord Wentworth of Nettlestead, 1 Car. 1. 1625. much in favour with King james, because a young Noble man of a plain and practical temper, more with the Duke of Buckingham, (who would never be without him, he being the next man to him at his death at b He having a considerable Command in all his Expeditions. Portsmouth) for his pleasant and frank way of debating things; and most of all to King Charles I. and II. for his many Services and Sufferings (having a special faculty of obliging the Soldiery, which he learned from Prince Maurice in the Low-Countries, and Count Mansfield in Germany.) 1. Leading the King's Rear at Cropredy 1644. where he faced about against Waller, charging him through and through so effectually, the King of sweden way, that he was utterly routed. 2. Drawing up (with General Goring) his Brigade at the East-side of Spiene in the second Newberry fight to secure the King's Guards in much danger with such old English Valour (telling his men they must now charge home) that he scattered the enemy till too far engaged and overpowered, he was taken Prisoner, as the King himself was like to be. 3. Assisting beyond his years in the rising in Kent and Essex, and enduring all the hardships at Colchester. 4. After a tedious Imprisonment, and a strange escape from the High Court of Justice, of which he was as glad as Ulysses was of that out of Polyphemus Den by one man's absence, who went out to make water for the Stone (which Stone gave him as it did the Lord Mordant, the casting Vote) with the great Intercession of the Lady Lovelace his a ●ho●e Husband Jo. Lord Lovelace paid for his Loyalty as good as 6951 l. besides dec●nations and constant troubles, and his Brother Col. Francis Lovelace. Daughter, with banishment to his dear Sovereign, hazading his life with him in his troublesome Voyage both into b Where the Scotch 〈◊〉 were 〈◊〉 and ●sapn● they would no come to the ●●●l of Repen●auce. Scotland and England, where at Worcester September 1651. he was taken and banished, living with his Majesty all the Usurpation beyond Sea; (his brave Estate at Stepney and other places being all either spent in the King's Service, or Sequestered for it) and returning upon the Restauration home, where upon the 29 th'. of May 1660. he led 300. Noblemen and Gentlemen in his plain Gray-Suit before his Majesty to London, with whom he continued, being after the Earl of Norwich Captain of the Guard of Pensioners, and dying 1666. in a good old Age, to which much contributed the great habit he had got of taking much c Taking 100 Pipes a day, first used to it in I●ag●res. Tobacco. His Son the Lord Wentworth, a Gentleman of a very strong Constitution and admirable Parts for contrivance, and especially for dispatch (much addicted to the foresaid herb) being (though he took little notice of it sleeping very little, and studying when others were a-bed) very ready in our Neighbours and our own Affairs, Interests, Intrigues, Strengths, Weaknesses, Ports, Garrisons, Trade, etc. continuing in his Majesty's Service from the time he went when Prince to raise the West, (where he gave by his Addresses to the Country and Carriage in it, great instances of his Abilities) to his dying day, Sir George We●worth of Welly York paid for his Loyalty 3185 l and Sir George the Earl of S●●offords Brother, his life at Mars●on-moor, Tho, Wentworth of Breton, York 340 l. for disbanding with my Lord Hopton (those Forces left under his Command in the absence of the Earl of Norwich gone into France, after a shrewd Plot, like that at Lestithiel, to have gained the King and Parliament Armies to join for an accommodation) upon honourable terms, being allowed himself twenty five Horse and Arms, with 8. men; and scorning the Civilities offered by the Parliament as it was called, he repaired to his now Majesty to promote his Overtures in France, Holland, and the Fleet where he was in the Quality that much became him of Master of the Ceremonies, attending his Majesty throughout the Scottish Treaty at Breda in a very useful way; and in the Scottish regency all along to the Battle of Worcester, in a very prudent and active way, whence escaping wonderfully as his Majesty did, taken with Lesley about Newport, he served his Majesty in a well-managed Embassy in Denmark, where besides present supplies for his Majesty, he made a League Offensive and Defensive, between the Dane and Dutch against the English; and in a brave Regiment, which with the Honourable Lord Gerard's, &c. lay 1657. quartered about the Seacoasts, as if they intended an Invasion. Besides that, both beyond Sea and at home, he was one of the Lords of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy-Counsel, dying 1665. Leaving this Character behind him; That he had a great dexterity in representing the worst of his Majesty's Affairs, with advantage to those Princes and People that measured their favours to him, by the possibility they apprehended of his returning them; so keeping their smiles, who he knew, if they understood all; would have turned them into srowns: And the ancient Barony of Wentworth extinct in him, as the Earldom of Cleaveland was afterwards in his Father. The Right Honourable james Stanley, Lord Strange, and Earl of Derby, etc. Who with his Ancestors, having for their good services by their Sovereigns been made Kings of Man, did often preserve their Sovereign's Kings of England. Our good Lord being King of Hearts as well as Man, by his Hospitality (which they said expired in England, at the death of Edward Earl of Derby) by his being a good Landlord (as most are in Lancashire and Cheshire, Letting their Land at the old Rent) people thriving better on his Tenements, than they did on their own Free-holds; by his remarkable countenancing both of a See M●. Herles Ded. to him of his Medit. Religion, and together with the continued obligations of his Ancestors justice, gained upon the King's Leige-people so far, that he attended his Majesty (as he said on his death) for the settlement of Peace, and the Laws, with 40000 l. in money, 5000. Arms, with suitable Ammunition 1642. leaving his Son, the Honourable Lord Strange, now Earl of Derby, as Lieutenant of Lancashire and Cheshire, to put the Commission of Array in execution against Sir Thomas Stanley, Mr. Holland, Mr. Holcraft, Mr. Egerton, Mr. Booth, Mr. Ashton, Mr. Moor, July 15. making the first warlike attempt (wherefore he was the first man proclaimed For murdering, kill, and destroying, they are their own words, R ●ertivala Linnen-Webster, against by the men at Westminster) against Manchester with 4000 men; whom afterwards the Earl disposed of several ways, particularly to Lathamhouse, which the Heroic Countess, not to be paralleled but by the Lady Mary Winter, kept thirteen Weeks against one siege 1644. and above a twelve month against another 1645. never yielding her Mansion House, until his Majesty did his Kingdom, Decem. 4. 1645. The Noble Earl in the mean time attending Prince Rupert in Cheshire, Lancashire (particularly at Bolton, where he saved many a man's life at the taking of it 1644. and lost his own 1651.) and Yorkshire, especially at Marston-moor, where he rallied his Countrymen three times, with great courage and conduct, saying, Let it never be said, that so gallant a Body of Horse lost the Field and saved themselves. Whence he escaped to the Isle of Man, watching a fair opportunity to serve his Majesty; to which purpose, entertaining all Gentlemen of quality, whose misfortune cast them that way, and so keeping in Arms a good body of Horse and Foot, he seized several Vessels belonging to the Rebels, and by Sir john Berkenhead kept constant correspondence with his Majesty; at whose summons, when he marched into England 1651. he landed in Lancashire, and joined with him, adding 2000 Gentlemen, with 600. of whom he stayed there after his Majesty to raise the Country, but being overpowered before he got his Levies into a consistency, after a strange resistance, which had proved a Victory, had the gallant men had any Reserves, he Retired much wounded to Worcester, at which Fight exposing himself to any danger, rather than the Traitor's mercy, he hardly escaped, showing his Majesty the happy hiding place at Boscobel (which he had had experience of after the defeat in Lancashire) and there conjuring the Penderells by the love of God by their Allegiance, and by all that is Sacred, to take care of his Majesty, whose safety he valued above his own, venturing himself with other Noblemen after Lesley, lest he might discover his Majesty, if he stayed with him, and his entire Body of Horse, with whom he was taken at Newport; and notwithstanding Quarter and Conditions given him, against the Laws and Honour of the Nation, judged by mean Mechanics at Chester (being refused to make the Ancient, Honourable, Sacred, and Inviolable Plea of Quarter and Commission, before the great Mechanics at Westminster) and thence (with the Tears and Prayers of the People all along the Road, who cried, O sad day, O woeful day, shall the good Earl of Derby, the ancient Honour of our Country, die here!) conveyed to Bolton (where they could not find a great while so much as a Carpenter, or any man that would so much as strike a Nail to erect the Scaffold, made of the Timber of Lathamhouse) October 15. 1651. At which place, 1. After a servant and excellent prayer for his Majesty, whose Justice, Valour, and Discretion, he said, deserved the Kingdom, if he were not born to it; the Laws, the Nation, his Relations, and his own soul (to which, he said to the company, God gave a gracious answer in the extraordinary comforts of his soul, being never afterwards seen sad. 2. After an heavenly discourse of his carriage towards God, and God's dispensation towards him, at which the Soldiers wept, and the people groaned. 3. After a charge he laid to his Son, to be dutiful to his Mother, tender to his distressed Brothers and Sisters, studious of the peace of his Country, and a His Son hath nobly contributed to Dr. Barrow, the excellent Bishop of Man, towards the settlement of that business. Note that Ferdinando Stanley of Proughton, Lanc. paid for his duty 150l. Will. Stanley of Woodhall Lanc. 46l. Jo Stanley of Dul-yar●●, Cumb. 40ls careful of the old Protestant Religion, which he said (to his great comfort) he had settled in the Isle of Man, he being himself an excellent Protestant, his enemies, if he had any, themselves being Judges. 4. And after a Tumult among the Soldiers and People, out of pity to this noble Martyr, with a sign he gave twice (the Headsman first not heeding, whereupon the good Earl said, Thou hast done me a great deal of wrong, thus to disturb and delay my bliss.) He died with this character thrown into his Coffin, as it was carried off the Scaffold, with the hideous cries and lamentations of all the Spectators. Bounty, Wit, Courage, all here in one Lie Dead; A Stanleys' Hand, Vere's Heart, and Cecils Head. The Right Honourable Henry Somerset Lord Marquis of Worcester. A Nobleman, worthy of an honourable mention, since King Charles the First, that firm Protestant, who could not be moved from his Religion (though he was in the heart of Spain, and France was in his bosom) either by power or love, said of him, when going under his Roof at Naseby fight, that he found not so much faith (as he did in him, though a Papist bred at Saint Omers, and traveled for many years in Spain and Italy) no not in Israel. For it was he, whose frugality (whereof his plain Frieze clothes at Court were a great example) enabled him, and his Loyalty (which he said whatever other Romanists practised, was incorporated into his Religion, often relating with pleasure that Gospel for the day, when the Imperialists beat the Bohemians, was, Reddite Caesari quae sunt Casaris, & Deo qui sunt Dei) urged him, when his Majesty's Protestant Subjects made him afraid, and ashamed to stay in London, to send men with ready money (when the King wanted it, and the Countrypeople would do no more without it) to bear the charges of his Majesties, and his Followers carriages, and other accommodations to York; besides that, he was seen to give Sir john Byron 5000 l. Sterling to raise the first horse that were raised for the King in England; and his own Officers 40000 l. Sterling to raise two Armies a The first in Brigades reaching from Wales to Oxford, clearing Monmouth and Gloucester of the little Parliament Garrisons. 1642. and 1643. for his Majesty in Wales, over and above 40000 l. Sterling in gold, at three several times sent his Majesty in person; and the unwearied pains, the close imprisonments, the many imminent dangers of his life (and most of these hardships endured when he was eighty years of age) and the great services he performed in South-wales, where the greatness of his fortune and family, improved by the sweetness and munificence of his person, raised him an interest, that kept those parts, both a sanctuary to his Majesty's b The stream of the people being at my Lord's devotion, keeping out all forces whatsoever but his Majesties, my Lord very watch fully and diligently looking to all those parts, to recruit and secure them upon all occasions with ●●r●s and other necessaries, as upon the betraying of Monmouth, the danger of Chepstow, and Lindsey Garrisons. person, when he was in straits; and the great relief of his Cause, both with men and money, when he was in want; till that victorious Army, that had reduced the whole kingdom, besieged him, who hearing of his Son, the Lord Glamorgans' landing with considerable Irish forces, writes to them, That if they would make him undelayed reparations for his Rents they had taken, he would be their quiet Neighbour; adding, that he knew no reason he had to render his House (the only House he had, he being an infirm man) and his goods to Sir Thomas Fairfax, they being not the Kings to dispose of; and that they might do well to consider his condition, now eighty four years of age. At last, upon very honourable Articles (three months time, without being questioned for any action in relation to the war, being allowed them to make their composition) surrendering the very last Garrison in England or Wales, that held out for his Majesty; for whom the Marquis lost his great estate, being Plundered and Sequestered, and in his old age Banished his Country, being excepted out of all the Indemnities of his enemies; and, as I am told, left out of the care of his friends, among whom he died poor in Prison, whither he was fetched in a cold Winter 1648. supported only by his cheerful nature, whereof his smart Apothegms and Testimonies, as when his Majesty had pardoned some Gentlemen upon their good words, that had prejudiced his service in South-Wales, the Marquis told him, That was the way to gain the Kingdom of Heaven, but not his Kingdom on Earth; and used to reprove him out of some old Poet, as Gower Chawcer, etc. often repeating that passage of Gower to him, A King can kill, a King can Save, A King can make a Lord a Knave, And of a Knave a Lord also. And when he saw a ghastly old woman, he would say, How happy were it for a man going to Bed to his Grave, to be first Wedded to this Woman. When he was in a Where being lodged in a g●●en T●●●r●hed house, he said ●e ●aid ●n a B●g● u●der a Meadow. Bala in Merionithshire, and the people were afraid to come at him, for fear he was a Round-head; Oh, said he, this misunderstanding undoeth the world! And when the Major came and excused the Town to him, Do you see now, said he, if the King and Parliament understood one another as you and I do, they would agree as you and I do. What? (when forbid Claret for the Gout) said he, shall I quit my old friend, for my new enemy? When a M●●quet-bullet, at the siege of Ragland, glancing on a Marble-pillar, in the withdrawing Room, where my Lord used to entertain his friends with pleasant discourses after meals, hit his head, and fell flat on the ground, he said, That he was flattered to have a good head-piece in his younger days, but he thought he had one in his old age which was Musquet-proof. Excusing a vainglorious man, as he would put a charitable construction upon most men's actions, he said, That vainglory was like Chaff that kept a man's spirit warm, as that did the Corn; Adding, if you set a man on his Horse, let him have his Horse. When a conceited Servant told him once, that he should not have done so and so; I would, answered he, give gold for a Servant that is, but nothing for one that seems to be wiser than his Master. Two men very like another, the one a Papist, the other a Protestant; one of them set the other to take the Oath of Supremacy for him, whereupon said the Marquis, If the Devil should mistake you one for the other, as the justices did, he would mar the co●●●it. When it was told him he should be buried at Windsor, Then, said he, I shall take a better b It is s●●d of his A c●●●or the Earl of Worcester, that he kept himself up in the ●●●●able times. ●. 8. E 6. Q. M. Q. E by being a W●ll●w and not an Oak, etc. Castle when dead, than ever I lost when alive. He desired Sir Thomas Fairfax to comprehend his two Pigeons within the Articles, who wondering at his cheerfulness, was told, That he suffered cheerfully, because he did before reckon upon it. His government of his family was remarkable, Dr. Bayley protesting, that in three years he saw not a man drunk, he heard not an oath sworn, and though it was half Protestant, half Papist, he observed not a cross word given; the whole house being as the Master, not only cheerful, but sober; and indeed, to keep them so, he would wind up the merriest repartees, with a grave and serious conclusion; no Servants better disciplined, or encouraged than his. With him it is fit to mention, 1. His Son, the Earl of Glamorgan, since Marquis of Worcester, who was as active in raising Irish forces for his Majesty, having made the pacification there (wherein it was thought he went beyond his Commission) as his Father was in raising the Welsh; nay, indeed Commanded the Welsh to Gloucester and other places with success, in the years 1642, 1643. as he would have done the Irish, had he not been obstructed 1644. (as he writes to the Lord Hopton, etc.) to the Relief of Chester; for which services he was Misunderstood by his friends, Sequestered and Banished by his enemies, continuing with his Majesty in that condition till his Restauration: A great Mechanic, eminent both at home and abroad for the Engines and Water-works, he was Author of the benefit of one of which, upon the Thames, is settled upon him by Act of Parliament, 14 Car. 2. He Died 1666/7. The Lord Charles Herbert, and the Lord john Somerset, the old Marquis his Sons. The glory of whose actions redounds to the Father, according to that of Agricola, Nec unquam in suam famam gestis exultavit ad aut horem ducem minister fortunam reserebat, Tacit. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dion. l. 4●. 3. Sir Philip jones of Treeowen Monmouth-shire, who after eminent contributions to his Majesty's service, under the favour of the Ragland Articles, wherein, being in that Garrison, he was comprised with his Son William, paid for his Loyalty 1050 l. as john jones of Nam-cross, Cardig. Esq did 389 l. Gilbert jones Chancellor of Bristol 43 l. God. jones, Exon. Esq 483 l. Tho. jones of Osswell, Devon Clerk 80 l. Edmund jones of Landson-Mannor, 70 l. Io. jones of Halkin, Flint, 156 l. 4. Commissary Guillims, and Dr. Bayley, a Gentleman of great Alliance, a good Temporal Estate, and considerable Spiritual Preferments; who being undone for his Loyaly by the Faction (who for divers years imprisoned him in Newgate (where he writ the book called, The Wall-flower) and by the way he was endeared to my Lord of Warwick, for being an excellent Florist and Chemist) and disregarded, for setting out the Conference between the Marquis of Worcester and his Majesty, by the King's party, became of a solid Protestant (such a scandal did the late war give the soundest men of our profession) a zealous Papist, seeing our Church afflicted, he thought her forsaken; dying at 〈…〉 heartbroken with the report of the Guns shot off a● 〈◊〉 a man to whose name we owe much for Bishop ●●yly's●ake ●ake, the Author of that a Translated by Mr. Rowland Vaughan of Caerg●y, Morion A great sufferer for his majesty (his house being burned 1645. by Col. Jo. Jones) he did much good in these times by crans●●ting Orthodox Books, such as Bishop Usher●s Catechism, Dr. Pride●ux his Legacies, &c, An excellent Welsh Poet and Antiquary) Book, that hath done so much good in England and Wales, I mean, The Practice of Piety. 5. Edward Vaughan, of Oldcastle, Monmouth-shire; Io. Vaughan of LLanely, Caerm. who paid for composition 540 l. Sir George ●a●ghan Penbrey, Ca●rm. a Colonel in the King's Army, 2609 l. Sir Henry Vaughan of Wit-well, York 659 l. 6. Sir William Vaughan, a person of excellent conduct and service in South-wales and Cheshire, both for the Sallies he made out of Shrawarding-castle (whence he was called the Devil of Shrawarding) Commanding Shropshire, Cheshire, and the borders of North-wales for his Majesty; and the defeat he gave one day at Rowt●n heath, September 24. 1645. three miles off Chester, to Pointz; who being reinforced next day, and Sir Williams Command being bestowed elsewhere, totally overthrew his Majesty's forces, Sir William hardly escaping to Ragland, and thence to Ireland, where having form a considerable Army, and encamped them under my Lord of Ormond before Dublin (all Ireland besides being reduced) by the neglect of the Engineer, who had the charge of the Guards, he was surprised, and fight desperately, to gain the whole Army time to Rally, was killed, August 22. 1649. when as Commissary General of the Horse, he had not long before drawn up most part of his Troops, with a considerable body of Foot, to cast up a Work at Baggot Rath, which would have shut up Dublin so effectually a● with a few days to force it to a surrender, had not some persons envied him that enterprise; because, as the Romans said of Christ, refusing a share in the Pantheon of Rome, he would have no partner of his honour. A man owing his Success to his Reputation, and his Reputation to his Vigilance, Industry, Civility, Justice, and Sobriety. 7. Io. Williams of Park Breton 50l. Roger William's 〈◊〉 206 l. Willam Williams, Mothry 102 l. Thomas Whitely of Aston, Fl●nt 125 l. Sir Io. Weld signior Willy, Sal. 1121 l. 18s. 4d. Maurice Williams of Swarbe, Line. 460 l. Sir Trevor Williams, a Colonel of eminent service in the King's Army, Io. LLoyd Crinvin, Car●, 140 l. Sir 〈◊〉 LLoyd Cacrm. 1033 l. Hugh LLoyd Gu●rdv●●y, R●●. 76 l. Sir R. Lee of Lingley, Sal. with 169 l. 9●. 0d. settled, paid 371● l. 〈◊〉 LLoyd LLanvardo, Sal. Esq 300 l. R. LLoyd of LLoyd- 〈◊〉, Sal. Esq 480 l. Walter LLoyd LLanvair, Cardig. Esq 1003 l. Anne Lady Somerset 2000 l. Tho. straddling of St. Brides, Glam. 777 l. The Right Honourable the Marquis of Winchester, who in his house at Basin, commonly called a 〈…〉 Basing-house, in 〈◊〉 (the greatest of any Subject's house in England, yea larger than most (Eagles have not the biggest Nests of all Birds) of the King Palaces (Hugh Peter in the relation of the taking of it, he made to the House of Common, saying, an Emperor might have lived in it made good the Motto, written in every Window of it, viz. Aimez Loyali, Love Loyalty. In a two years' siege, from August 1643. to October 1645. he held out against all the Parliament forces (the good Marquis being heard to b 〈…〉 to say, That if the King had no more ground in England but Basing-house, he would adventure as he did, and so maintain it to the utmost) as he did, not yielding, till it was taken by storm, with the richest plunder in money, plate, jewels, household stuff, amounting to 200000 l. Sterling (among which a Bed worth 14●● l.) with the assistance. 1. Of Sir Robert P●ake, who had been an Artillery-man forty two years, commanded thither from Oxford 1643. with but 100 men, with whom before October 1645. by vigilant and dexterous Sallies, he did execution upon thousands, with two brave Majors Cu●●and and Lingley (of whom see more in the Journals of this Siege, Printed Oxford by L. L. 1645.) He died a good Benefactor to the City of London, particularly to St. Sepulchers, where he was buried with great military pomp, july 1667. 2. Inigo jones the great Architect (brought up by William Earl of Pembroke, at whose charge he traveled much abroad, and studied at home) in King james and King Charles I. time for Representations, Masks and more solid Buildings, his skill both in the Theory, and History, of Architecture, in the most excellent discourse writ by him, upon King james his motion, called, stonehenge Restored appears singular, wherein he modestly propoundeth, and more substantially proveth, that Posing Quarry to be a Roman Work or Temple, dedicated to Caelus or Coelum (son to Aether and Die) the Senior of the Heathen gods. b His Loyalty cost 〈◊〉 400 l. 〈◊〉. 3. Dr. Thomas johnson, born in Yorkshire, not far from H●ll, bred an Apothecary in London, where he attained to be the best Herbalist of his age in England, making Additions to the Edition of Gerard: A man of such modesty, that knowing so much● he owned the knowledge of nothing. The University of Oxford bestowed on him the Honorary Degree of Doctor in Physic; and his Loyalty engaged him on the King's side in our civil wars. When in Basing-house a dangerous piece of service was to be done, this Doctor (who publicly pretended not to valour, understood, and performed it, yet afterwards he lost his life, at a Salley in a As did Major Cusaw. the same siege 1644. generally lamented, even of those that murdered him. Dr. Thomas Fuller bestoweth this Epitaph upon him. Hic Johnsone jacet, sed si mors cederet herbis, Arte fuguata tua, cederet illa tuis. Col. Henry Gage, in whose wreath of Laurel, his twice relieving this house in two still foggy nights, not knowing his way, but as he fought it through four times, the number of the wearied men he had with him deserves to be twisted, and whose history is drawn up on his Monument (which after two Funerals, will not suffer him to die, being likely to continue his worth after our ruins as long as Seth intended his stones should Letters, after both the destructions of the world) in Christ Church Oxford thus, P. M. S. Hic situs est Militum chiliarcha Henricus Gage equitis aurati Filius, & hares Johannis Gage de Haling, in agro surriens● Armigeri, Pronepos Johannis Gage honeratissimi ordinis peris celidis equitis, in Belgio meruit supra annos XX. in omnipraeli● & obsidione, Berghae ad Zomam, Bredae ac praecipue S. audomori ex Belgio ad M. Brit. regem missus attulit armorum VI M. Cujus imperio Bostalii ae●es expugnavit. Mox Basingianis prasidiariis commeatu interclusis, strenue rejam desperata suppetias tulit castrum Bamburiense cum Northamptoniae comite liberavit hinc equestri dignitate ornatus hostes denuo Basinga fugavit jamque gubernator Oxon. creatus, cum ad Culhami Pontem inhostes jam tertio milites audacter duceret plumbea traject us gland occubuit. Die XI. Janua. 1644. aetat. suae 47. funus solemni luctu prosequnti Principes, Proceres, Milites, Academici, Cives ●mnes jam tristissimi, ex dessiderio viri ingenio, linguarum peritia, gloria militari pietate, fide, & amore in principem, & patriam eminentissimi. THE Life and Death OF JOHN Lord DIGBY, Earl of Bristol. THis Noble man was the younger Son of an Ancient Family of the Digbies, long flourishing at Coleshull in Warwickshire, who to pass by his Infancy (all children are alike in their Long-coats) in his Youth, as his Son did, gave pregnant hopes of that eminency, which his Mature Age did produce; and coming to Court with an Annuity of fifty pounds a year, besides a good Address, and choice Abilities, both for Ceremonies and business. He kenned the Ambassador's craft, as well as any man living in his time, employed by King james in several services to foreign Princes, recited in his Patent, as the main motives of the Honours conferred upon him; among which the Spanish Match, managed by him from 1616. to 1623. was his masterpiece; wherein, if his Lordship dealt in generalities, and did not press particulars, we may guests the reason of it from that expression of his: I will take care to have my Instructions perfect, and will pursue them punctually. If he held affairs in suspense, that it might not come to a war on our side, it may be he did so, with more regard to his Master King james his Inclination, than his own Apprehension: If he said, that howsoever the business went, he would make his fortune thereby; it rather argued the freedom of his spirit that he said so, his sufficiency that he could do so, than his unfaithfulness that he did do so. This is certain, that he chose rather to come home, and suffer the utmost displeasure of the King of England, than stay abroad, and enjoy the highest favour of the King of Spain. He did indeed interceded for Indulgence to Papists, but it was, because otherwise he could do no good beyond sea for the Protestants. The worst (saith a learned Protestant, that conversed with him much at Exeter, during the siege of it, and was invited to live with him beyond Sea after it, he saying, that as long as he had a Loaf, the Doctor should have half of it) I wish, such who causlessly suspect him of Popish Inclinations, is, that I may hear from them but half so many strong arguments for the Protestant Religion as I heard from him, who many years after the contract with the Duke of Buckingham, which (the Duke fearing his preventing policy, as he did the Duke's after-power) became a drawn battle under the King's displeasure, and (as the Court-cloud makes the Country's shine) in the people's favour; yet bestowed his parts and interest in the beginning of the Long-Parliament, upon the vindication of the Church, as appears by his excellent Speeches for Episcopacy, a 〈…〉. and the peace of the kingdom, as he showed in his admirable discourse 1641. of b 〈…〉 Mallo●, be was 〈◊〉 to the Tower. an Accommodation. The reason which (together with a suspicion that he was the Author of most of his Majesty's Counsels and Declarations) enrolled him always among the excepted persons, in the number of whom he died banished in France about 1650. having met with that respect in Foreign, that he miss in his Native Country. 1. For whatever was at the bottom of his actions, there was resolution and nobleness at top, being carried from Village to Village after the King of Spain, without the regard due to his person or place; he expressed himself so generously, that the Spanish Courtiers trembled, and the King Declared, That he would not interrupt his pleasures with business at Lerma for any Ambassador in the world, but the English, nor for any English Ambassador, but Don Juan. 2. When impure Scioppius upon his Libel against King james, and Sir Humphrey Bennets complaint to the Archduke against him, fled into Madrid; my Lord observing that it was impossible to have justice against him from the Catholic King, because of the Jesuits, puts his Cousien G. Digby upon cutting him; which he did over his Nose and Mouth, wherewith he offended, so, that he carried the mark of his blasphemy to his Grave. 3. Where he was an extraordinary Ambassador in Germany upon his return by H●ydel●ergh, observing that Count Mansfield Army, upon whom depended the fortune of the Palsgrave, was like to disband for want of money, he pawned all his Plate and Jewels to buoy up that Sinking Cause for that time. There were besides him of this Family these famous men. 1. Sir john Digby, a Sommersetshire Gentleman, of good education beyond Seas, c Owing, he said, his accomplishments to hardships. and of a great temperance and conduct at home, careful of removing the jealousies got among the people, being of the Earl of Bristol's mind in that, that it is easier to compose differences arising from reasons, yea from wrongs than from jealousies; and that the nicest point in all Treaties is security. Commanding a Tertia of the King's d He had been long bred a Soldier in the Spanish Army. Army, which he raised in Sommersetshire, with great vigilance, activity, and charge, spending 25000 l. from the time he waited on his Majesty at Nottingham 1642. having put the Commission of Array in execution in Sommersetshire, to the time he 1645. received his death's wound, in a gallant action at Langfort in the foresaid County, whereof he died. 2. His Brother, for parts as well as blood, Sir Kenelm Digby, both bred abroad, and both out of gratefulness faithful to King Charles, who restored them upon his Queen's Intercession, to what their Father Sir Everar● Digby, engaged in the Powder-plot, forfeited to King james. A Gentleman of a strong body and brain, witness his Book of Bodies, and the Immortality of the Soul; his soul being one of those few souls that understand themselves; together with his sudden Notes on Religio Medici, of a great correspondence; see Dr. Wallis Commercium Epistoli. Of a fluent invention and discourse, as appears from his long discourse at Montpelier in France, and his entertainments of the a That is Communes his fault, was 〈◊〉 excellency. Viz. that he c●uld with a grace rela●e, Magna●●m ●●um m●u●●, the little circumstances of great 〈◊〉. Ladies of the several Nations he traveled in; of a great faculty in Negatiations, both at France, Rome, Florence, and most of the States of Italy: of one of the Princes whereof, it is reported, that having no Children, he was very willing his Wife should bring him a Prince by Sir Kenelm, whom he imagined the just measure of perfection. The rest learn from this Epitaph on his Tomb 1665. (when he died, and was buried with his incomparable Lady at Christ-Church, London, to which he had been a great Benefactor.) Under this Tomb the Matchless Digby lies, Digby the Great, the Valiant, and the Wise; This Ages Wonder for his Noble Parts, Skilled in six Tongues, and learned in all the Arts; Born on the day he Died, the eleven of June, And that day bravely fought at Scanderoon. It's Rare, that one and the same day should be, His day of Birth, of Death, of Victory! R. F. 3. Colonel john Digby, the excellent Archer and Improver of Aschams Toxophelus, but many talk of Robin Hood that never shot in his Bow. 4. Mr. Kenelm Digby, eldest Son of Sir Kelnelm, who was then imprisoned at Winchester-house, slain at Saint Neots in Huntingtonshire, in whose Pocket was found, they say, a Lock and Key, with a Chain of ten Links, which a Flea could draw, for which certainly he had been with, The Little Smith of Nottingham, Who doth the work that no man Can. 5. Sir Io. Digby of Mawfield-woodhouse, County of Nottingham paid composition 1058 l. and George Digby of London Stafford, Esq. 1440 l. Martial men it is observed made for, and worn with her, began and expired with Queen Elizabeth; peaceable and soft spirited men with King james; and honest public-spirited Patriots with King Charles I. 6. Sir Herbert and Sir Thomas Lunsford, both of Lunsford Sussex, the first, said by the enemies, to be the fairer, the ●ther the shrewdest adversary; the reason why the ones abilities was drowned by the others activity, one grain of the practical man was in all ages too heavy for a pound of the barely knowing; both the biggest men, though twins, you could likely see to (wherefore Sir Thomas was feigned by the Brethren a devourer of Children) both bred in the Dutch and German, Wars, both in command in the Scotch war, Sir Thomas was Lieutenant of the Tower 1639. and displaced to please a jealous multitude, a Prisoner there 1641 for attempting, as was pretended, to draw up a body of Horse, and seize the Magazines at Kingston upon Thames. His first encounter for his Majesty was at Westminster, upon the Rabble that came down to cry no Bishops, where he and some other Gentlemen drawing upon them, scattered them, as he did them often afterward in the course of the Wars, when they were modelled into Armies, losing his Brother Col. H. Lunsford by a a Most of the C●●●s in ●●gl. are cist w●●n a ●●●e of their house where ●●y were ●●●n. Sir T. Lunsford was Commissioner with Sir J●cob Ashle●, to get the ●●●h into a body a●●er Naseby, where he ●ed bee● s●abbed but for Sir Jo. ●●●●us. Canon-shot at Bristol, july 26. 1643. with Col. Trivanian, and Col. Bucke, who make me unwilling to believe the common Proverb; That he was Cursed in his Mother's belly, that was killed with a Canon, though it is sad to see Valour subjected to chance, and the bravest man fall sometimes by the most inconsiderable hand. It was their Father's observation in Queen Elizabeth's time, that God so equally divided the advantage of weapons between Spain and us, that as their Bilboa Steel makes the best Swords, so our Sussex Iron makes the best Guns. THE Life and Death OF EDWARD Lord LITLETON, Lord Keepter of the Great Seal of England. ELdest Son to Sir Edward Littleton of Mounslow in Shrop-shire, one of the Justices of the Marches, and chief Justice of North-wales; himself bred in b Where he died 1644. and was buried. Christ-Church Oxford, and at the Temple in London, one of the Justices in North-wales, Recorder of London, Solicitor to King Charles the I. Term Mich. Anno 15. Car. 1. Sergeant at Law, and chief Justice of the Common-Fleas 1639/40 Privy-Counsellor and Lord-Keeper, and Baron of Mou●slow, 1640/41. Honours he gained by his discreet management of the Duke of Buckingham's Charge, and other Affairs in Parliaments 1625. 1626. 1627. 1628. between the jealousy of the people and the Honour of the Court, that Sir I. Finch would say of him, He was the only man for taking things by the Right handle; and Sir Edward Cook, that he was a well-poized, and weighed man, and deserved by sending the c Which Mr. siliot, after 3. hours' Conference with him im●private, got from, according to an Oath he had taken when admitted Lord-keeper, to deliver up the Se●l when ever the King sen● for it. The saction had taken it from him before, but that he had always in appearance Voted according to the sense of the best affected in the House. Seal first, and then going himself after it to the King at York, whence his presence did but countenance the Rebellion in London; for the Lord Willoughby of Parham pleaded in answer to a summons sent him by his Majesty, that he was about settling the Militia according to the Votes of Parliament passed as legal by Sir Edward Litleton Lord Keeper, and Sir john Banks as Lord chief Justice. An action of important service to his Majesty, not only confirming all his proceedings with the right Seal; but likewise occasioning the Adjournment of the Term, the suing of all Original Writs from Oxford, the invalidity of unsealed Parliament Proclamations, the impossibility of issuing out new Writs of Election for Members of Parliament, and thereupon the danger of the dissolution of that Parliament, especially since the making of the new Seal, was a matter of so dangerous a consequence, that a Member of their own desired the Sergeant that drew up the Ordinance for the new a After th●y had in v●in sam●●ne● him to re●●● w●●in 14. days with the Sea●, 〈◊〉 of High T●●●eson. Sir Ed. Litleton is descended of Sir Tho. Litleton Author of the book of Tenors commented on by Sir Edw. Cook, and of so much repute, that the judges in K. J●●●s's●●me ●●me, declar●● that his Case was not to ●e qa●stioned. Seal, not to be made too hasty in that business before he consulted the Statute 25 Edw. 3. Where counterfeiting of the Great Seal is declared High Treason; To which the Sergeant replied, That he purposed not to counterfeit the old Seal, but to make a new. His very name carried an hereditary Credit with it, which plaineth out the way to all great actions; his Virtue being Authorized by his Nobility, and his Undertake ennobled by his Birth, gained that esteem which meaner men attain not without a large compass of time and Experience: Worthless Nobility, and ignoble worth lie under equal disadvantage, neither was his Extraction greater than his Parts; his Judgement being clear and piercing, his Learning various and useful, his Skill in the Maxims of our Government, the Fundamental Laws of this Monarchy, with its Statutes and Customs singular; his Experience long, and observing, his Presence and Eloquence, Powerful and Majestic, and all befitting a Statesman and a Lord Keeper, who was besides a Soldier. For I think these Verses were made upon him. In D. E. L. judicem & Chiliarcham Truncatus manibus ne serret munera judex; Olim oculis captus ne caperetur erat Vteris ambobus melius Gladiate Nomarcha; Just ● oculo tueris, justa tuere manu● Arma stylo socias, haeres utriusque minervae juridicum bellum, bellica Iura facis Nata sit Astraeo Diva Astraea Gigante b 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hermarium fas est hanc habuisse Ducem Quis dubitare potest sub c Ogmi● Eloquii preside & Theb●no ●onst●orum Domitore. Duplo Alcide Trophaea; Qui calamo cicures, Qui Domat ense seras. His Brother Dr. Litleton, Master of the Temple (a man endued with Prudence, the Mistress of Graces, without which they are useless to others; and Humility the preserver of them, without which they perish to a man's self, who used to say, that Ambition being the great principle that acts more or less in all men, that Government was more or less happy, that did more or less intend the employing of Able-men (to keep them from running out) suitably to their ambition) who being Sequestered of all, paid yet out of his nothing for his Loyalty 100 l. as Sir a Both of the Long-Pareiament, acting vigorously among the Members as Oxford. Edward Litleton by Fisher Litleton, and Francis Nevil Esq 1347 l. and Sir Thomas Litleton of Stake St. Mildbourgh, Sal. with 180 l. per annum, settled 307 l. besides a severe Imprisonment when he was taken at the surprise of Bewdley. Sir Robert Heath b He was of Clare-Hall Camb●● I think a good Benefactor to it. of Cutsmore, as I take it in Rutland, a man of so great integrity (giving for his Motto in his Rings when made Sergeant, Term Mic. 7. Septimo Car. I. Lex regis, vis regis) that when it appeared to him that the people encroached too much upon their Sovereign, he prosecuted them severely (witness Sir Io. Eliot, etc. and others for their extravagancies in the Parliament 1628.) as Solicitor and Attorney General to King james and King Charles the I. when he doubted his Majesty was advised to press too much upon the subject, he rather than go against his Conscience, quitted his place of chief Justice of the King's Bench, Sept. 14. 10 Caroli, pleading at the Bar in that Court where he had sat on the Bench, until again (the rare example of one playing an aftergame of favour,) His Majesty made him one of the Justices of the King's Bench, 9 Dec. 16 Car. I. where he behaved himself with so much plain honesty, that 1. A Lady commencing an unlikely Suit against her Husband's opinion, and living in the Shire-Town, invited Judge Heath to a great entertainment the very day her Cause was to be tried, after which immediately going to the Hall, he gave sentence according to evidence and right against her, whereupon she saying to her Husband, that she would never invite Judge again, was answered by him, Never invite honest judge again. 2. And john Lilburne being tried before him (for his Rebellion, when he had been taken at Brentford) at Oxford, made frequent use of his words at another trial before them, he had fought at London, viz. God ●orbid Mr. Lilburne, but you should have all the benefit the Law, the Birth right of the Freeborn Subjects of England can afford you. Yet against both that Law, and the Privileges of an English subject, which he so honestly maintained at home, was he exempted out of pardon, and forced to die c Sir 〈◊〉. Heath Ru●l. paid for composition 700l. Rich. Heath Weston Chest 138 l. and R. H. of Eyerton Cheshire Esq 237 l. J. H. of Bra●steel Kent Esq 52l. and then were two Col. of his name in the King Army. Col. Francis, and Jo. Heath. abroad. Quo jure Criminoso Philopatris exularet? Credendus ergo non est quia neminem Fefellit justitia ne putetur, quae punit ipsa justum, non ostracismus iste lex, sed ruina legum. Sir Robert Holborn, a Gentleman of those good inclinations, which flowing with good blood, rendered him in his first Addresses acceptable to the world, wherein having before him the good example of his Learned Ancestors; he attained to that exactness in Law, as with the amiable accomplishments of his nature, made it very easy for him to do well, which is a man's main business to gain upon men's affections; becoming with little labour, and without thinking excellent by good precept, and continual care correct his defects, so as to gain a general esteem, and a good opinion, being sensible of Mr. Herbert's Rule: 'Slight not the smallest loss, whether it be In love or honour, take account 〈◊〉; Shine like the Sun in every Corn●r: See Whether thy Stock or Credit swell or fall, Who say I care not, those I give for lost, And to instruct them it will not quit the cost. Being of the Long-Parliament, he was unwilling to join with them in their Debates for War, and retired to Oxford in the Treaty there, at Uxbridge, and the Isle of Wight, to consult and offer those things that make for Peace, for which he paid 300 l. when living at Covent-Garden, being not admitted, as were not any of the King followers, to study at any the Inns of Courts upon a 〈…〉 their return home after the Wars. Sergeant W. Glanvile, born at b 〈…〉 Tavistoche in Devon shire (a County happy that it beeds so many Lawyers, but more happy that it hath little need of them, having the fewest Suits, and most Counsellors of any County in England) a Gentleman that had so much deliberation and weight in every thing he spoke, that he was heard with much respect in all the Parliaments, whereof he was either Member or c 〈…〉 Speaker, ●●cering prudently and watchfully in all their weighty Consultations and Debates; Collecting judiciously and readily the sense of that numerous Assembly, propounding the same seasonably, and in apt Questions for their final Resolutions, and presenting their Conclusions and Declarations with Truth and Life, Light and Lustre, and full advantage upon all occasions, as a man of an excellent Judgement, Temper, Spirit, and Elocution, till the last and long one, when those men for whose Liberties of Voting he had argued d 〈…〉 formerly, allowed him not the Liberty of his Vote, when he urged that Law against them, which he had, when they were more moderate in their courses, urged for them; wherefore he retired with above half the sober Members of Parliament to Oxford, where having discharged his Conscience, he returned to London to suffer for 〈◊〉. He that suffered patiently Imprisonment on Shipboard for speaking his mind freely in some State-points against a boundless Prerogative 1626. suffered as quietly six several hard Imprisonments, one of which was two years in the Tower, for declaring himself as honestly in some Law-points against a Treasonable popularity, till the good man, true to his honest principles of Loyalty, was against the will of the Lower-House, who yet laid no charge against him, Bailed by the Upper-House, shining the brighter for being so long eclipsed, insomuch that when the ignorant Faction did not think him worthy to be a Common-Lawyer, the Learned University of Oxford, whereof he was a worthy Member, chose him her Burgess in one of the Usurping times of the Pseudo-Parliament; it was his honour that he was then chosen to represent an University in Parliament, and it was his integrity that he was no● then admitted. He suffered in the Cause of all Englishmen, and pleaded the Cause of many of them; particularly, my Lord Cravens, though banished, and Sir john Stawell though a Prisoner, till the whole Nation became as free as his Soul: He dying 1660. a great enemy of Tobacco, because of Sir Water Raleigh's testimony of it, that he saw the Spanish Negroes throwing the running of their sores and boils in the leaves as they lay in a sweat, say a His Tract about plan●ing Tobacco in England. Y● Pauperos Lutheranos, good enough for the Dogs, the Lutherans. Sir john Banks born at Keswicke, and bred at Grays-Inn, attaining to great experience by soliciting Suits for others; and a great Estate by managing those of his own, laughing at many at last that smiled at him at first, leaving many behind him in Learning, that he found before him in time. He was one whom the Choler of S S S worn by Judges and other Magistrates, became very well, if it had its name from Sanctus, Simon, Simplicius, no man being more seriously pious, none more singly honest. When Sir Henry Savile came to Sir Edward Cook then at Bowls in Archbishop Abbot's behalf, and told him he had a Case to propose to him, Sir Edward answered, if it be a Case in Common-Law, I am unworthy to be a Judge, if I cannot presently satisfy you; but if it be a point of Statute-Law, I am unworthy to be a Judge if I should undertake to satisfy you without consulting my Books. Sir john Banks, though ready without his Books on the Bench, yet always resolved Cases out of them in his Chamber; answerable to his saying to Dr. Sibbs, A good Textuary is a good Lawyer as well as a good Divine. A Gentleman he was of singular modesty, of the Ancient freedom, plain heartedness and integrity of mind: very grave and severe in his deportment, yet very affable, in such sort, that as Tacitus saith of Agrippa, Illi quod est Rarissimum, 〈◊〉 facilit●s authoritatem, nec s●veritas amorem diminuit, his knowledge in the Law and inward reason of it was very profound; his experience in Affairs of State universal and well laid, patient he was in hearing, sparing, but pertinent in speaking: very glad always to have things represented truly and clearly, and when it was otherwise, able to discern through all pretences the real merit of a Cause. Being a Religious and moderate man, he became of good repute with the people, and being an able man he was taken notice of by the King, who Knighting him, in August 10. Car. I. when Reader of Grays-Inn, and the Prince's Solicitor, made him in Mr. Noys place Attorney General; and in Hil. Term 16 Car. I Chief Justice in Sir Edward Litletons' place; in which place he continued at London till his presence being made an Argument for Illegal proceedings, he went himself, and drew several others he had interest in, to Oxford. His prudent and valiant Lady with her numerous and noble Offspring retiring to her House, Corfe-Castle in the Isle of Purbeck in Dorsetshire, and when besieged there by Sir Will. Earl, and Sir Tho. Trenchard, who wanted this Castle only to make the Sea-Coast their own, keeping it against three surprises, a Proclamation Interdicting her the common Markets, the clamour of the common people thereabouts, the intercepting of 200. weight of Powder; strict Watches set about it a while, with forty men, ye● but five at first, and then by the benefit of a Treaty, wherein sh● yielded up the four small pieces to the Enemy, on condition she might have her house; and so making her adversaries more remiss, gained an opportunity to reinforce the Castle with Commanders, Ammunition, Provision, and Soldiers, who notwithstanding the endeavours to corrupt them with Bribes, and the Plunder of the Castle; notwithstanding the enemies taking the Town and Church, the Oath to give no Quarter, the Engines they made, the Supplies of war, sent in every day by the Earl of Warwick, their encouraging the Soldiers, first with money, twenty pound a man; and afterwards with Drink and Opium, to a 〈…〉 Scale the Walls in a desperate Assault, kept it six weeks, till August 4. 1643. when the Besiegers ran away, leaving their Horse, Arms, Ammunition behind them; the vallant b 〈…〉 Lady herself, with her Daughters and Maidservants, maintaining one Post in the Castle, Captain Laurence, Sir Edward's Son, and Captain Bond keeping another. Sir john died December 28. 1644. and in the 55. year of his age, having one Monument in Christ-Church. P. M. S. Hoc loco in spem futuri saeculi depositum jacet Io. Banks, qui Reginalis Coll. in hac Acad. Alumnus, eques Auratus ornatissimus, Attornat. Gener. de Com. Banco Cap. Justitiarius a Secretioribus Conciliis Regi Carolo, Peritiam Integrita●em, sidem Egregie praestitit & ex aede Christi in Aedes, Christi transiliit unicam hinc Monumento suo sub mortem vovens Periodum. Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo sit gloria. And another 30 l. per annum, with other emoluments, to be bestowed in pious uses, and chiefly to set up a Manufacture of course Cottons, in the Town of Kiswick (which hath good, and is in hopes of better success) besides that, it cost his Lady and her nine Children for their Father's Loyalty 1400 l. and her Son-in-law (that married her eldest Daughter, the excellent Lady Burlace) Sir Io. Burlace of Maidmenham, Bucks (who suffered several imprisonments and decimations from the King's enemies, and was very civil upon all occasions to his friends) 3500 l. Sir Banks, Son and Heir to Sir Io. 1974 l. Sir Thomas Gardner, born, as I am informed, near c He purchased ●ands there, and Lawyers generally 〈◊〉 Lands near the place of their birth, built their Nests near the place where they were Hatched. Oxford, bred in the Inner-Temple, London: A Gentleman that won much upon all men, by a natural grace that was upon his person and actions; and upon his Clients, by his Integrity, Condescension, and Watchfulness. Other Lawyers are for the increase of their own number, he spent a great deal of his time to consider how to reduce them, especially the Attorneys and Solicitors (the supernumeraries whereof, he would say, make no other use of Laws, but to find tricks to evade them; or (making them right Cobwebs) to ensnare the people, and the Law too, being more for promoting good Orders to execute old Laws, than for preferring ●ills to make new ones. The Faction had no other quarrel with him, than the Clowns had with Sir john Cavendish in Wat Tyler and King Richar● the Seconds time, because he was learned and honest; for being made Recorder of London, Term. Hil. 11 more. Car. I. they charged him, 1. For directing the Lord in setting up the King's Standard, and impressing men against the Scots. 2. For promoting Ship-money, the Loan, and Tonnage, and Poundage. 3. For prosecuting seditious Libelers, Petitioners and Rioters. And 4. For procuring his Majesty that noble entertainment 1641. upon his return from Scotland, from the City, to amuse the Parliament. 5. For drawing and carrying on some more sober Petitions, than were usual in those times, whereupon he retired to York, and thence to Oxford, where he Sat in the Parliament, assisted in the Treaties, offering always three things. 1. A Committee to state the differences. 2. A particular consideration of those things wherein the people are to be relieved, and the King supported. 3. A mutual Security against all future fears and jealousies. For which services to his Country he was forced to quit it. It is not fit we should forget Sir a 〈…〉 Thomas Gardner that was slain in Buckinghamshire 1643. and Captain Gardner that fell at Thame, Cum res rediit ad trianos, when three engaged in the Army. Sir b 〈…〉 Robert Foster of the Temple, made Sergeant, and succeeding Sir R. Vernon as Pusney Judge of the Commons bench 15. Car. I. Term. Hil. as the King signified by Sir Io. Finch, for the good opinion he conceived of him, and the good report he heard concerning him; discharging his place, notwithstanding the disadvantage of succeeding so popular a man as Sir George Vernon was, and the difficulty of pleasing, at that time, both Court and Country, with great commendation (those persons agreeing in a Sympathy for him, that had an Antipathy each to other) as he did, after twenty years' trouble, the place of Chief Justice of the King's bench 12. Car. II. in the place of Sir Thomas Millet a great sufferer (I think, that Sir Thomas Millot of Exon, who, with his Son, paid at Goldsmiths-hall 871/.) and an excellent Justicer, who by years and other infirmities, was disabled from exercising that place, though surviving two of his successors) when it was time to prefer neither a Dunce nor a Drone, but able and active men; such as he was, who could Fence as well at Law in his elder years as at Sword and Buckler in his younger. The Land (upon its wonderful settlement under his Majesty, and the never to be forgotten disbanding of a twenty years standing Army) swarming with people that had been Soldiers, too proud to beg, and too lazy to labour, and having never gotten, or quite forgotten, all other Calling, but that of Eating, Drinking, and Sleeping, and it being hard for Peace to feed all the idle months bred in War. Sir Robert's severity broke their knots, (presuming much on their Felonies) otherwise not to be united with the Sword of Justice, possessing his Majesty against the frequent granting of Pardons, as prejudicial to Justice, rendering Judges obnoxious to the contempt of insolent Malefactors; so by the deserved death of some hundreds, preserving the lives of, and livelihoods of more thousands. He died 1663/4. Pearls are called Unions, because they are found one by one, hardly two together; not so here, where Sir a Who paid 500l. composition. Robert Hyde Sergeant at Law, since Ter. Trin. 16. Car. I. of the Middle-Temple, and an able Pleader (his Arguments shrewd in the several reports of his time) succeeded him as well in his quality, He●●. ●●d Berl● 610l. Sir Thomas H●de and 300l. as office, being as severe for executing the Laws (witness his several checks given Justices, the great observators of Law and Peace, to whom he would urge that of King james in his Speech in the Star-chamber, That he did respect a good justice of the Peace, as he did those next his person, as much as a Privy Counsellor) as his predecessor was for executing Malefactors; and as strict in bringing up ancient Habits and Customs, both of the Inns of Courts, and the Courts of Justice, as in keeping up the ancient Justice and Integrity, following Sir Nicholas Hyde, I think his Fathers, steps (according to the observation, that Lawyers seldom die without a Will, or an Heir) who died 1631. as Sir Robert died 1665. Judge Foster and he dying suddenly, if any do so that die preparedly. As did about the same time. Sergeant Hodskins, a very witty, as well as a very judicious man, an excellent Pleader, as Thuanus his Father was, Vt bonus a Calumniatoriobus, tenuiores a potentioribus, doctos ab Ignorantibus opprimi non pateretur. As Judge Walter used to say, when Baron Denham his associate in the Western Circuit would tell him, My Lord, you are not merry enough, merry enough for a judge. So Sergeant Hodskins, when observed very pleasant for one of his years, would reply, As cheerful as an honest man. (Henry Hodskins and john Hodskins of Dors. paid for their Loyalty 571l.) The Sergeant changed his temper with his capacity, most free as a private friend, and most grave and reserved as a public person. David jenkin's, upward of 58. years, a Student in Grays-Inn near London, of so much skill, when a private and young man, that my Lord Bicon would make use of his Collections in several Cases, digesting them himself; and of so much repute in his latter years, that Attorney Noy, Herbert, and B●nks, would send the several Cases they were to Prosecute for his Majesty, to be perused by him, before they were to be produced in Court. All the preferment he arrived at, was to be Judge of South-Wales, a place he never sought after, nor paid for the Patent, being sent him without his knowledge, and confirmed to him without his charge; in which capacity, if Prerogative of his dear Master, or the Power of his beloved Church, came in his way, stretching themselves beyond the Law, he would retrench them; though suffering several checks for the one, and Excommunication for the other: Notwithstanding that, he (heart of Oak) hazarded his life for the just extent of both, for being taken prisoner at the surprise of Hereford, and for his notable Vindication of the King's Party and Cause, by those very Laws (to the undeceiving of thousands) that were pretended against them, as the violators of the Law; particularly for aiding the King 25. Edw. 3. ch. 2. Hen. 7. for the Commission of Array 5. Hen. 4. for Archbishops, Bishops, etc. Magna Charta, etc. for the Common-prayer, Statutes, Edw. 6. Queen Eliz. for the Militia 7. Edw. 1. against counterfeiting the Seal, and the usurping of the King's Forts, Ports, 25. Edw. 3. for the King's Supremacy 1. King james 5. Queen Eliz. Cook 7. p. rep. fol. 11. for the King's dissent to Bills 2. Hen. 5. against tumults in Parliament 7. Edw. 2. against adhering to any State in the Realm, but the King's Majesty 3. james 23. Eliz. for imprisonment and dispossession only by Law, Magna Charta c. 29. and the Petition of Right 3. Car. and for increasing the feud between the Parliament and the Army, and instilling successfully into the latter principles of Allegiance, by showing them that all the Parliamentary Ordinances for Indemnity and Arrears, were but blinds for the present, amounting not to Laws which they could trust to for the future, without his Majesty's concurrence; whose Restauration he convinced them was their unavoidable interest, as well as their indispensable duty; carried first to the Chancery, secondly, to the Kings-bench, and at last, to the Bar of their House, the authority, of all which places he denied, and though he and the Honourable Lewis Dives (who hath done his Majesty admirable service in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and Dorsetshire, and made a cleanly conveyance away from Whitehall with Mr. Holben, though through the Common-shore, upon pretence of Easing themselves, to the Thames, and so beyond Sea, where he continued with his Majesty during his banishment) were designed sacrifices for Ascham, and Dorislaus, escaped with his life in a Giving Chamber coun●●l about conveyances, and writing good books, as Lex terrae, con●u●ed only by sevenarguments, Authoritate viarre, fraud, metu, terrore & tyrannide. eleven years' durance, out of which he got 1656. not by creeping out of the Window, by cowardly compliance, but going forth at the Door, fairly set open for him by Divine Providence, hazarding his life, for that which was the life of his life, his Conscience. He died at his house at Cowbridge (his age having some years before given him a quietus est from public employments) b H. B. Om. An● as he published many other Loyal Eulogies, under the covert name of H. G. Dec. 6. 1663. INgratiis Pollentiae, Invidiae, Doli, Frui miseriis ad voluptatem pati; Carcerem in Asylum consecrare, pectoris Instar, reatu non prophanati, aut metu: Eatenus se vincere, ac fati vices, Vt forte fortunatus Invita foret; Hoc est proselitare mala. Damna 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sicci Beare vincla martyrii gradu. Athleta tantus Jenkins; qui de verbulis Myrmidonas ut formiculis tonans parit: Sementa Cadmi literas belle exprimant, Armata sulcis cressit ex Atris cohors; Haec dextra turmas parturit, penna fluit Ros plumea, unde plumiceps ori●ur genus Ab ere non solidati, at aerumna viri Hujusce nomen fit vice Auctoraminis Tu concoquebas & famem, & diros cibos, Qui devorantem sicut Ichneumon vorant; Inedia cujus militum fovit fidem Vitalioris pabulo constantiae: Vel ipsa macies ut saga famelica gregi Cadaveroso spiritum Infudit novum. men's gravior Auro, puriorque stat tibi Quamvis in aevo Forreae rubiginis; Vbi schismatum aemulatio, ac pro formula Mera tenentur, aut recusantur preces; Qua Christianum sapere, virtutes docet Eruncinare, Gratiae ut zizania Successa titulo ne superbirent boni, Bellum in duellum contrahis; Ovantum licet Rebellionem criminans, Rebellium; Troglodytae ut execrantur ortivum jubar; Veniam repudias cum coinquinat favour; Nec malis animum, quam Catenari pedes. Fastidioque nobilis justo doces Quod cedere est passiva Perduellio. Fastu Pylagorae dum venenati tument, Massaculoque regium Sceptrum Imputant; Potentiae quanquam urbicae subsellia Turgentiore in solia tollunt Ambitu; Is perspicaci tibi Cometalis nitor, Conspicuus ipso fit minus fastigio. Putrisque Trunci concolor radiis micat, Quem nox in ignem vertit, in lignum dies Fucatus horum lumine obruitur decor, Cum patuit, & cum Latuit, effulsit tuus justitia Caeca deviet seductilis Tua nisi Libram studia nutantem regant; Pseudophoros pessundaturam; qui struunt Ecclesiam puram sacrilegii strophis: Et Araneosis Antinomiarum plagis (Quas virulentis nent in Aucupium fibris) Volaticos Irretiunt; Araneos Aptis opifices Retium suspendere. Balucia tu lege, jureque logico Percontumacia Corda Rhetoricae moves; Ac veritate fretus Incompta, fugas Fallaciam, quam vel fugere victoria est. Cessere grandes dispari numero deuces, Rationibus superantur Innumeri tuis; Causam ecce captus Imperatricem Capit; Victus domat quicunque bis victor Cluvit. The best Professors of the Canon and Civil Law (the Law of Nations) suffered with his Majesty, as well as those of the Common-Law of England. As 1. Dr. Arthur Duck, a Person of most smooth language, and rough speech, i.e. of a Masculine style, disadvantaged by an harsh utterance, born at Heavy-tree in Devonshire, of rich and gentile Parents, bred in All-Souls Oxon, the Gentleman's College, preferred Chancellor of Wells and London, and designed Master of the Rolls, the Lawyer's advancement. Married to a pious a The Daughter of Mr. H. Southworth Merchant and Customer of Lond. re●y●ing af●e● he had got a greet E. state at well●, where Bishop Lake, who never married any besides in r●yed her to Dr Duck. and wealthy Consort, the devout man's Fortune; whose life was, what all our lives should be, gratitude 1. To God in the strictness of his life, and the good government of his Family, reading two Chapters of the Bible every day to himself, and three to his Household. 2. To his Ministry, b See his Funeral Sermon Mrs. Marg. Duck. Mr. Gataker and others, of whom he deserved, though a Lawyer, the Epithet Athens gave some Physicians, viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, one that would take nothing of them, but give money to them, with other encouragements, which he called Fees to them at the Throne of Grace. 3. To God's poor, (especially at Wells where he was much miss) to whom he gave, he said, what he got of the rich. 4. To the Founder of the College Archbishop Chichley, where he had his Education in drawing up his life in Latin, as elegant as his foundation. 5. To his Majesty, giving to him 6000 l. and paying for him in way of composition 2000 l. besides the many troubles he endured for him (among others, many years absence from his dear and sick Wife:) and the several services he performed to him, the last whereof was his appearance a Civil Lawyer to assist his Majesty at the Treaty at the Isle of Wight, whence returning home sad (a sunk heart cannot be buoyed up again) he died at Cheswicke Middles on the Lordsday, and in effect in the Church 1648. when no true Englishman could say he lived, leaving two Daughters, since married to two Gentlemen of his Name and Kindred. c B●● it remembered 〈◊〉 when there was a 〈◊〉 after the confirmatio●● B●sh●p Monntagues' Election to 〈◊〉 Bishopric of o● Chic●ester to dine at a Tavern here fased it, because d●●ing in 1 Ta/ ve●● gave the occasion to the ●alde of the Nag's head Consecration. Tho Reeves of Reading E●que paid 〈…〉 Sir Thomas Reeves, born at Little-langton in Dorsetshire, and bred in New-Colledge in Oxford, Dr. Ducks Colleague at the Treaty in the Isle of Wight, Judge Advocate, and Dr. Zouch his Colleague in the Admiralty, so well skilled in Common-Law, as well as Civil, and in Divinity as both, that he could have practised at Westminster as well as Doctors-Commons, and at the Pulpit of St. Paul's as well as the Consistory; being capable of the Ministry-maintenance, for which he pleaded with much Law and Learning, more Reason and Equity in his Vicars plea. A plea, saith my Author, oftener made than heard, oftener heard than pitied, and oftener pitied than redressed, so unequal is the contest between a poor Vicar's plea, and wealthy Impropriators purse. His general Learning and polite Latin (no hair hanging at the neb of his Pen) appears in his most critical Books of Sea-fights, his Valour (though Ancient) in our late Wars gave good evidence of its self in several Land-battels. Dr. Duck in the trial of combat between the Lord Rey and Ramsey 1631. before the Earl Marshal, spoke in the King's behalf as if he would, as he did afterwards suffer for him, and Dr. Reeves in my Lord Reys behalf, as if he had not been his Advocate only but his Second. He died where he was born 1652. Sir john Lamb, a man of his name so calm in public, that none could anger him; though (as if his temper changed with his place) so angry sometimes in private, that none could please him; an error that was like to ruin, saved him, exposing indeed his Person to a Parliament, but (as the like accident preferred Sir Walter Raleigh) discovering his parts, so that Bishop Williams brought him off from his troubles, and on to his Preferment. First getting him Knighted, and then advanced to the Deanery of the Arches: Sir john being opposed by the Bishop about an Officials place in Leicester, which he carried against him, fell fowl with him about Puritans, whom the Bishop indulged, and Sir john prosecuted, though both at last suffered by them, Sir john hardly seven times in these Wars escaping for his life at his House in Northamptonshire, whence coming to hide himself in London, he died in the Bell-Inn in St. Martin's lane London, sundry losses by plunder, having paid after for composition 628 l. Sir Henry Martin, born in London, bred in New-Colledge Oxford, the smallness of whose Estate, was the improvement of his Parts; being left but 40 l. a year, which made him a Student; where as he would say 80 l. would have made him a Gentleman, pleading in his Chamber by Bishop Andrews advice (who directed him to the study of the Civil Law) the important Causes transmitted to him weekly from Lambeth; he attained to a great faculty in amplifying and aggravating, extenuating any thing at the Court, wherefore he became an eminent Advocate in the High-Commission (no Cause coming amiss to him, who was not now to make new Armour, but to buckle on the old; not to invent, but to apply Arguments to his Client) and was made Judge of the Prerogative for Probate of Wills, and of the Admiralty, in Causes concerning Foreign Trade, whence King james would say pleasantly of him, That he was a mighty Monarch in his Jurisdiction over Land and Sea; the living and the dead, in the number; of which last he was for fear and grief 1642. Dr. Thomas Eden, born at Ballington-Hall in Essex, Fellow and Master of Trinity-Hall in Cambridge, where he always concurred with the old Protestants in his Votes; (in censuring extravagant Sermons, etc.) and joined issue with them in his suffering, only he that was so excellent an Advocate for others, pleaded so well for himself, that he was permitted to die in Cambridge, where he bestowed a To maintain ●ax Candles in the Chapel in Trinity-hall, on Annual Commemoration with a Latin Speech. 1000 l. (since nothing was left him to live on elsewhere, his Places of Chancellor of Ely, Commissary of Sudbury and Westminster, Professor of Law in Gresham-Colledge, being Sequestered) as he did 1646. leaving Sir james Bunce a great Agent and sufferer for his Majesty, being twelve years banished, his Executor; on this score, being an utter stranger to him: Sir james ask the Doctor's advice about a ●lause in a Will wherein he was Executor, and being told by him that it was capable of a double sense, replied, Tell me what you think in your Conscience is the very mind of the Testator, which I am resolved whatever it cost me to make good. Dr. Cowel observed of Dr. Eden, that had a happy name, which commends to a Favourite that might be easily pronounced. Dr. Morrison and Dr. Goad, both of Kings, great Civilians, and great sufferers, the first a great friend of Bishop Williams, the second of Bishop Laud, at first the Faction was not perfect in the art of persecution, being more loose and favourable in their language of Subscriptions; but afterwards grew so punctual and particular therein, that the persons to whom they were tendered must either strangle their Consciences with the acceptance, or lose their Estates for the refusal thereof. Sir Richard Lane, a Gentleman not lost in the retiredness of a good judgement; but being able to expose his merit as well as gain it by a quick fancy, sending before a good Opinion of himself, to make way for his Person, with this Caution, That he took care he should not sink with two great an expectation. Whence in an Assembly, wherein they used to Epithet every man with reference to their most obvious defects or virtues, he was called Tho. Wary; and with good reason, he keeping his converse as among Superiors within the compass, modesty, and reverence, so among equals within the Rules of a sweet and honest respect; it being, he said, both to command our own Spirits, and endear our friends, a great art not to be too familiar, or presume too much on the goodness of other natures, upon that of a man's own; besides, that he thought it injustice to give our familiars the froth of our Parts, reserving the more solid part for strangers, though he exposed not his good humours but upon an equal Theatre, a man's esteem rising not from showing himself, but from keeping himself regular and equal, as well in mean and common, as in great and extraordinary actions, pretending to nothing he had not, left being discovered (albeit when once men have a good opinion, they seldom take pains to disabuse themselves) he might be suspected in what he had, and being sure of Correspondents, knowing that a single interest or abilities would sink under Court-affairs. He was preferred the Prince's Solicitor and Attorney in the best times, and his Father Keeper of the Seal in the worst, not parting from his Majesty till he did with his own soul; dying with a good Conscience abroad, with more comfort, than if he had died with a good Estate at home; having discharged his place under a distressed Sovereign with much courage as well as skill, leaving this opinion behind, that Projectors of new Engines were not to be too much encouraged in a populous Country, since by easing many of their labour, they out more of their livelihood, and so though beneficial to private persons, are pernicious to the public, to which what employeth most, is most advantageous. Sir john Bennet, as much persecuted by the Parliament, as by the High-Commission. THE Life and Death OF Dr. WILLIAM JUXON, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; BOrn at Chichester in Sussex, and bred in St. john's College in Oxford, whereof he was Fellow and Precedent; his deep and smooth parts (as appears by his Speeches and Poetry on public Occasions, particularly on King james his death) exceeding his years, and yet his modesty and other virtues so exceeding as to hide his Parts, had not he been discovered for Preferment by the Perfume of his worth, as the Roman Gentleman was by the sweet Odour of his clothes for punishment. Bishop Laud had taken great notice of his Parts and Temper when he was Fellow with him, but greater of his Integrity and policy, when a stickler (in the Suit about President-ship of the College) against him. When observing him a shrewd Adversary, he thought he might be a good Friend, being though Doctor of Law, yet a great Master of Divinity, all hearing him Preach with great pleasure and profit, so much he had of Paul and Apollo's, of learned plainness, and an useful elaborateness: when he preached (saith one that heard him) Of Mortification, Repentance, and other Christian Practics, he did it with such a stroke of unaffected Floquence, of potent Demonstration, and irresistible Conviction, that jew Agrippaes', Festaes', or Felixes, that heard, but must needs for the time and fit, be almost persuaded to be penitent and mortified Christians. Dr. Laud finding him shining in each place, he was as the Divine Lights in their Orbs without noise, his Birth so Gentile, that it was no disgrace to his Parts, though not so Illustrious, but that his Parts might be an Ornament to him; his Virtues so modest, that they hid themselves from others, and so humble, that they were not known to himself: A temper as little moved with others injuries, as with his own merits; fit to Rule others, that commanded its self; Recreations Innocent and manly, traversing Hills and Dales for Health and for Instruction, studying God at home, and Nature abroad; fitting himself by generous Exercises for generous Employments, to which he knew a body comely, quick, and vegel with Exercise, was more suitable than a mind dulled with studies. Though when he came to his Throne, over affections, the Pulpit, or his Chair of State, over reason his College, it appeared that his severe pleasures that refreshed his body, loosened; but melted not his mind. I say, sagacious Dr. Laud, finding him every way, rather than designing him, his successor, brought him out of his privacy, as Pearls and rich metals are out of obscurity, to adorn his Majesty's Court, his modesty gaining him that respect which others seek by their ambition. To have one near the King he could trust in his old age, made him Dean of Worcester, and Clerk of the Closet first, after that Bishop elect of Hereford, and then after himself Bishop of London, and Lord Treasurer. In the first of which places, being to have Saint Paul's combat with Beasts, he used Saint Paul's art, became all things to all, and as those that were of old exposed to Beasts, overcame by yielding, being most mild, and most vigilant; a Lamb, and a Shepherd. The delight of the English Nation, whose Reverence was the only thing all Factions agreed in, all allowing that honour to the sweetness of his manners, that some denied the sacredness of his Function; being by love, what another is in pretence, an universal Bishop; the greatest, because the last Bishop that was ruined, that insolence that stuck not at the other Bishops, out of modesty, till 1649. not meddling with him. The other charge of a Which no Clergyman held since Bishop Grace, who was Lord Treasurer 9 Edw. 4. Treasurer (whereby all lay upon him, both what the good Worship, and the bad Religion, and Money, which was now safe under the Keys of the Church) so the Romans Treasury was in their Temple, and the Venetians have the one Guardian of their City and Money, St. Mark) he in the midst of large Expenses, and low Revenues, managed with such integrity, handling temporal wealth with the same holy temper he did the most spiritual Mysteries, that the Coffers he found empty, he in four years left filling; and with such prudent mildness, being admirably master of his Pen, and Passions, grace having ordered what nature could not omit, the tetrarch humour of Choler. That Petitioners for money (when it was not to be had) departed well pleased with his civilly languaged denials, and though a Bishop was then odious, and a Lord always suspected, yet he in both capacities was never questioned; though if he had, he had come out of his trial like his gold, having this happiness, in an age of the bravest men, to see more innocent than the best, and happier than the greatest; and if it was a comfort to them to suffer for their too great, and to the Commonalty unknown, and therefore suspected virtues; it was more to him, to be loved for that integrity, which could be unknown to few, and hateful to none. He was above others in most of his actions, he was above himself in two. 1. His honest advice to save my Lord of strafford's life, who having appeared before a Parliament, was set at last before him; who though he heard Noblemen, yea Clergymen too, pressing his death for the safety of the people, the highest law, they said, the King, the Church, the Commonwealth; asserting his life by law and right, which is above all these: And that brave Maxim, like another Athanasius of Justice against the world. Fiat justitia, & ruat coelum & terra; Ecclesia & Respublica. 2. His holy attendance on his late Majesty (who gave him the title on his death of That honest man, whereof before in his Majesty's Life and Death. Recollecting there all his virtues, to see what the excellent King, with a recollection of all graces, was to suffer; with a clear countenance, at least, before his Majesty, choosing to disturb nature, rather than the King, looking on what his Majesty, with a cheerful countenance, endured. Thus the Sun at our Saviors Passion (whereof this a Copy) that was Eclipsed to others, shined clear to Christ. It was much to see the King die with so undaunted a spirit; it was more to see the Bishop behold him with so unmoved a countenance; but so it became him, whom his Majesty had chosen his Second, in that great Duel, committing to him the care of his soul, both departing in himself, and surviving in his Son; and with it his memory, and what was more, his Oblivion; with which, and the other holy suggestions of that Royal soul, he came down from the Scaffold, as Moses did out of the Mount, with Pardon, Peace, and New Law to a sinful people, after the breaking of the old. After God had preserved him through the many years' miseries of the usurpation, and the inexpressible torment of ●his disease, the Stone, which he endured as cheerfully as he did his pleasures; having patience to bear those pains, which others had not patience to hear of, to deliver that message to the Son, which he received from the Father, he Crowned King Charles II. April 25. 1661. at Westminster, and went june 1663. to see King Charles I. Crowned in heaven; having seen the Church Militant here settled 1662. he was made a Member of the Triumphant 1663. full not only of honour and days, but of his own wishes too; leaving near 10000 l. to augment the St. john's Revenue at Oxford College, Repair St. Paul's and Cant●rbury Cathedrals, and finish the building of the New-hall at Lambeth which he had begun; besides directions throughout the Province to repair Churches and Church-aedisices, improve Vicarages, and establish peace. july 9 he was buried in St. john's, with as great solemnity as the University could afford; Dr. South making an excellent Oration upon the occasion in the Divinity Schools, and Dr. Levens of St. john's, the like in the College; Crete being not more proud of the Grave and Cradle of jove, nor the King of Spain of the Suns rising and setting in his Dominions, than that House may be that Dr. juxon and Dr. Laud was bred there. As he had gone on in the same course, acted on the same principles, enjoyed the same honours, so he lieth in the same Grave, with his friend and patron Archbishop Laud. Dr. Walter Curl, born in Strafford near Hatfield, my Lord Cecil's house, to whom his Father was serviceable, in detecting several Plots, referring to the Queen of Scots, as his Agent; and in settling the estate he had from the Queen of England, as his Steward. And by whom he was made Auditor of the Court of Wards to Queen Elizabeth and King james, and his Son preferred in Christ-Colledge and Peter-house in Cambridge. His Lord gave him a good Living, as a Scene of his abilities, and his good carriage in that place, (wherewas no quarrel grown into a Lawsuit during his time, where he did nothing below his Function, and something in a resolute suppressing of all houses of debauchery above it, regulating the disorders he found there, by the rules of Christian piety, and the known measures of Laws, gaining many dissenters from the Church by wise and meek discourses, and by a good example leaving the obstinate to the wise and merciful disposition of the Laws) commended him to his Majesty's immediate service, as Chaplain; who preferred him to the Deanery of Lichfield, in which capacity he was Prolocutor of the Convocation 1628. afterwards made Bishop of Rochester 1628. and then Bath and Wells 1629. upon his friend and contemporaries death Bishop Maw, and at last of Winchester, after his Patron Bishop Neils Translation to York; a charitable a He was Lord 〈…〉 to King Charles 1. reliever in all places of God's poor, his living Temples; and a careful repairer of his Temples and Houses, his dead poor. Much maliced, because a strict asserter of the Church's authority, yet not hurt, because wary in the exercise of his own; insomuch, that at the yielding of Winchester, where he was during the war, Peter and the Faction, that hated his Function, were very civil to his person; having ignorance enough not to understand his worth, and not malice enough to disparage it. After he had given most of his estate to his Master, and lost the rest, promoting the Polyglot Bible, and any thing that seemed serviceable to the afflicted Church; He died 1650. deserving the character of one of his b Bishop ●ush, Harps●ield Hist. Eccles. Aug. 15. ●aecul● c. 24. predecessors. Vir fuit summa pietate, & ex rerum usu oppido quam prudens, doctrina etiam singulari. Dr. Brian Duppa, 1. Born at Lewsham in Kent, in which Country his Father was a good benefactor, in erecting one Almshouse; and the Son a better, in erecting another 2. Bred at Westminster, where he than grew to a constant superiority above others, being Paidonomus, a Lord of his School fellows in jest, a presage that afterwards he would be one in earnest, all his after greatness being but a paraphrase upon those beginnings. 3. Preferred first Student of Christ-Church, and after the discharge of some Offices there, that are bestowed on the deserving, both as rewards and trials, Fellow of All-souls. 4. Employed as Proctor of the University, where the comeliness of his presence, the gentleness of his carriage, the variety and smoothness of his learning, brought him first to the notice, and then to the service of the most learned and eloquent Earl of Dorset, who recommended him to his Majesty, first for his own service as Chaplain, and after he made him Dean of Christ-Church, for his Sons the Princes and the Dukes of York as Tutor, to whom the Countess of Dorset was Governness; managing that trust by very prudential Lectures in his own person, and by the pleasant Instructions of the choices wits in the University, as Mr. Cartwright, Dr. c Whose Men Miracles were written on purpose to please the Duke into Learning. LLuelin, Mr. Gregory, Mr. Waring, etc. to whom he was a very eminent Patron, as he was to all a 〈…〉 ingenuity in any kind extant (After he had been Vicechancellor of Oxford 1632.) rendered him fit for another, the Bishopric of Chichester 1638. and the Bishopric of Salisbury; and his great sufferings with, and services (at Oxford, where he set Dr. Hammond and others to vindicate the King and Church, and at the Isle of Wight, where by his excellent Converse and Sermons he comforted his Majesty himself) for King Charles I. made him capable of many Letters of Trust (one about supplying the Church with new Bishops upon the decay of the old, about which service his Lordship and four more (whereof the Reverend Bishop King was one) had several Consultations and Propositions from Charles II. during the Usurpation, and of the Bishopric of Winchester, and the noble places of Prelate of the Garter, and Lord Almoner, after the Restauration. When having seen the two things he so much desired to see, his Sovereign restored to his Crown, and the Church to her Rights, he departed in peace, April 1662. leaving (besides the charity of his Sovereign, which he disposed of to suitable objects) great Legacies to Christ-church and All-souls in Oxford, to the Cathedrals of Chichester, Salisbury, and Winchester; and a conspicuous Monument of his charity, the Almshouse at Richmond, the place of his last retirement, erected at his peculiar charge, together with his exemplary virtues. 1. His excellent parts, and comely deportment, making him acceptable to the King and Court (A man fit to stand before a King, Prov. 22. 29.) whilst able to come thither; and when disabled, rendering him worthy several Royal Visits made by his Majesty to him in person, both to see him in his weakness, and to comfort him amidst his pains; kneeling at his bed's side a little before he died, and begging his blessing, which he bestowed, with one hand laid upon his Master's head, and the other lifted up to heaven. 2. His bountiful heart as large as his fortune, his generous way of living and hospitable table. 3. A free and open disposition, b E●●s. de Aug. Vbique sentires illum hoc afficiquod loquebatur. He was buried a● Westminster-Abhe●, April 24. 1662. 4. His general and great learning, and elegant and elaborate gift of Preaching (whereof we have an instance in one Sermon, Preached at the Isle of Wight 1648.) aiming not at the delight of the Ear, but the information of the Conscience. Dr. William Roberts, Fellow of Queens-colledge in Cambridge, and Proctor of that University; known to Bishop Laud by his activity under Bishop Bayley, in enjoying Church-discipline, and preferred by him for discovering 1000 l. concealed church-good. He was made Bishop of Bangor 1637. sequestered of all his estate spiritual and temporal 1649. restored 1660. and died 1664. being succeeded by Bishop Price, Colonel Price of Rhulas (an eminent actor, and a great sufferer for his Majesty) his Uncle, who died Bishop elect of Bangor 1665. as he is by the learned, pious, prudent Gentleman, Bishop Morgan, who in the late times kept up his Majesty's interest in keeping up himself, in the good affections of the Gentry of Anglesea, Caernarvonshire, Merionithshire; As Dr. a He had another Brother a great sufferer, chancellor of Bangor and Saint Asaph. Sir Henry Griffith of Agnis●●rton York, Bar, with 1781. per annum settled 4461l. Mr. Ed. Griffith of Henslan Denb. 170l. Pe●. Griffith of Carnvy ●lint, Esq 113l. Sir Ed. Griffith Ding by North. 1700l. George Griffith a Scholar of Westminster, and an Eminent Student and Tutor of Christ-church, Prebend of Saint Asaph, and Parson of LLanymynech in Montgom. did in Denbighshire, Montgomeryshire, Flintshire, and Shropshire much service to his Majesty. 1. Baffling the Itenerants, particularly Vavaser powel, at the Disputation in Montgomeryshire, where he rendered him as ridiculous by his false Latin, no Logic, and little Sense, as he was before odious. 2. Rightly principling the most ingenious young Scholars of those times. 3. Keeping up the Offices and Ceremonies of the Church. 4. Maintaining a good correspondence with the Orthodox at London, and among the Gentlemen of the Country; for which services, and his sufferings, he was Consecrated Bishop of Saint Asaph, October 28. 1660. in which place he died 1666. Being observed a discreet and moderate man in all Convocations, as in that 1640. when he made a motion for a new Edition of the Welsh Bible, set out sixty years ago by Bishop Morgan, but in several places misprinted; which I would some again consider of: And in the Convocation 1662. when he concurred effectually in drawing up the Act of Uniformity, and making the alterations in the Common-prayer, than set out; the form for Baptising those of riper years, being, I think, of his composing. Dr. Robert Wright, the youngest Fellow as ever was admitted of Trinity-college, and the first Warden that ever was of Wadham-colledge in Oxford; the richest Bishop that ever was of Bristol, whither he was preferred 1622. and the strictest that had been of Coventry and Lichfield, where he sat 1632. and died 1643. his b Eccle●●ull-castle 〈◊〉 staffordshire ●●e ●●de an excellent Apology for himself in Parliament. Castle being kept for his Majesty by Dr. Bird, a well known Civilian; and half his estate devoted to his service by himself, whose advice to his Clergy was, that they should not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, embody and enervate their souls by idleness and sloth. Be it remembered, that he was one of the twelve Bishops that suffered, for protesting against the Laws that Passed in Parliament, during the tumults; and one of the two, that for his painfulness and integrity, for his moderation and wariness, had the most favourable imprisonment for that protestation, being Committed only to the Black-rod, while the rest went to the Tower. His virtues having indeed the vices of the times for his enemies, but not the men. Dr. George Cook, a meek and grave man, Brother to Secretary Cook, in temper as well as blood, born at Trusley in Derbyshire, bred in Pembroke-hall Cambridge, Beneficed at Bigrave in Hertfordshire, where three houses yielded him almost 300 l. a year, advanced to the Bishopric of Bristol 1632. and to that of Hereford 1636. wherein he died 1650. much beloved by those that were under him, and yet much persecuted about the protest in Parliament 1641. and other matters, by those that where above him; insomuch, that he, who was thirst itself, had wanted, had not his Relations helped out his merit; and he been as Honourable, as Pious and Learned. He dropped Sentences as easily, as others spoke sense; happy in expressing as well as conceiving (though as Plotin, he was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, wholly taken up with his mind) a serene and quiet man above the storm, the result of that unsettledness of lower minds. Dr. john Towers, born in Northfolk, bred in Cambridge, Fellow of Queen's College, Chaplain to Will. Earl of Northampton, and by his Donation Rector of Castle-Ashby in Northamptonshire; and upon his recommendation Chaplain to King Charles the I. successively Dean and Bishop of Peterborough; he endeavoured to put the humours of the times out of countenance, by acting of them in his younger days, and by punishing them in his elder; but both failing, dying about 1650. under great torments in his body, and great afflictions from the times, he suffered cheerfully what he could not amend effectually, thereby showing that he could suffer as handsomely as he could act; When rich only in Children (whereof one Mr. Towers of Christ-church was an Ingenious man, and an excellent Scholar, as appears by his book against Atheism) and Patience. Godfrey Goodman, a man of his name, born of a Worshipful Family of the Goodman's near Ruthen in Denbighshire, to which place he was yearly when I was at School there, even in his lowest condition a good Benefactor: though his Uncle Gabriel Goodman for forty years' Dean of Westminster, was a Founding a School, and an Alms-house there. a better, under whom he was bred at Westminster, and by whom preferred Fellow of Trinity College in Cambridge, as he was afterwards by Bishop Andrews, Bishop Vaughan, and Bishop Williams made successively Prebendary of Windsor, Dean of Rochester, and Bishop of Gloucester 1624. maintaining several Heterodox Opinions in his Sermons at Court, for which he was checked 1626. dissenting from the Canons 1640. for which after three admonitions (pronounced by Bishop Laud in half an hour) to subscribe, he was to his great honour imprisoned; and of all the Bishops since the Reformation, was the only man whom the miscarriages of the Protestants Scandalled into Popery, a harmless man, pitiful to the poor, Hospitable to his Neighbours, and compassionate to dissenters: Dying at Westminster in the year of our Lord 1654. and of his Age eighty, giving this Posy in his Funeral Rings, Requiem defunctis, having leave in those, as it is said of Bishop Leoline, that he asked leave of Edward the 1. to make his; he gave directions in one Draught how Impropriations might be recovered to the Church, to make it much the richer, and no man a jot the poorer. He was a great incourager of Sir Henry Middleton's design of bringing the New Riverwater, through so many difficulties to London, as David's Worthies did the Water of Bethlem to his Majesty: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, without which saith one, we should have burnt with the thirst, and been buried with the filth of our own bodies. Dr. john Warner, born in St. Clement's Danes Westminster, bred in Magdalen College Oxford, to which he is a great Benefactor, preferred Prebend of the Church of Canterbury (to which he gave a Font most Curious and most Costly, the first gift by a private hand to that Church in latter times) and Rector of St. Dyonis Back. Church London, on which he bestowed a yearly Pension, advanced Lord Bishop of Rochester, in which he built an Alms-house with 20 l. a year a piece to forty poor Ministers Widows, himself having practised a single life. A great assertor of Episcopacy while he had a voice in Parliament, and when he had lost his voice, as he was deputed by the Bishops, soliciting their Cause with his Purse and Head, and when all failed, suffering for it, being Sequestered of all his Spiritual Estate, and compounding for his Temporal, which being very great by his Father a Citizen of London's thrift, and greater by his own (who would say for his frugal and close way, that he eat the craggy Necks of Mutton, that he might leave the poor the Shoulder) enabled him to relieve his Brethren, the Clergy and their Wives; when others of his Order were glad to be relieved. A man to his last of accurate a An accurate Logician, Philosopher, and School-Divine, as appears by his Letter to Dr. ●a●●or about his Unum Necessa●ium. Parts, a good Speech, a cheerful and undaunted Spirit: He died Octob. Anno. Dom. 1666. Aetat. 81. Episcopatus 29. being, as one calls Whitehall, A good hypocri●e, promising less than he performed; and more hearty within, than Courtly without. Dr. john Ganden a Minister's Son in Essex, bred first at College Cambridge, and afterwards Tutor to the Strangwayes in Wadham College in Oxford, by the comeliness of his Person, the vastness of his Parts; strangely improved by his astronishing industry, bestowing most of the seasonable hours of day and night on study, and the unseasonable ones, on Mechanisms; (to keep his soul always intent, as appears, by making the exquisite Common-place Cabinet, with other Rarities of his own left behind him) the majesty and copiousness of his Elocution, the seriousness and greatness of his Spirit, admitted him with advantage upon an Act-Sunday to the Pulpit at St. Mary's, upon a solemn Festival to preach before his Majesty, and upon a Fast before the Parliament, being after his travels and relation to Sir Will. Russel, (to whose nearest Relations, affecting his great accomplishments recommended him, and after one Marriage that intervened, providence made way for him) and the Earl of Warwick he was settled first at Brightwell in Berk-shire 1641. secondly, at Bocking in Essex 1644. thirdly, at the Temple London 1659. and at the Bishopric of Exet●r 1660. succeeding in both those places Bishop Brownrigge, whose Life he writ, and exemplified, and at last Bishop of Worcester 1662. where he died b Much lamented by the whole Kingdom, more own by his Diocese, most of all by the Church and his Majesty who was much concerned for him. 1663. having commanding qualities, which carried all the Country where he was to his Opinion about the Covenant 1644. and all the Kingdom to his sentiments about the King and Church; the first of whom he vindicated in a pathetic Remonstrance delivered the General, the second he asserted vigorously in its Doctrine and Discipline, in his Hieraspistes 1653. pleaded for seriously in its Ministers, in his Declaration to O. P. about the Edict, jan. 1. 1655. that turned out Orthodox Ministers out of all capacities of subsistence; solicited for effectually in its Tyths and other Privileges 1649. 1650. etc. in other Treatises, mourned for pathetically in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his Sighs and Groans of the Church 1659. Preached for boldly before the City, Feb. 1659. in his 'Slight Healers, in the Temple Dec. the same, in Bishop Brownriggs Funeral Sermon, before the Parliament April 30. in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cleared unanswerably in his satisfactions given Sir L. Bromfield, and other scrupulous, but moderate Persons, and adorned exemplary by his excellent advices to, and conversation among his Clergy; his generous and obliging behaviour towards the Gentry, and gallant and healing a 〈…〉 Discourses in Parliament; many young Noblemen, as Mr. Richard, Heir apparent to the Earldom of Warwick, etc. had their Education in his Family; more Scholars and Clergymen owe their parts to his direction; several Citizens were enriched by his Correspondence, who was as great a Merchant as a Scholar, as great a Courtier and Statesman as either; and indeed, the great Restauration was not a little furthered by his universal acquaintance and ubiquitary activity not be paralleled, but by his Brother Mr. Gauden his Majesty's Purveyor for the Navy, an employment to be managed by no one man with such an universal satisfaction as it is now, but by himself: and 1668. they say Sheriff of London. In fine, he was born for great things, having such a Copia verborum, and those so full, pregnant, and significant, joined with such an active fancy, as rarely accompanieth so sound a Judgement and so deep an Understanding; Such a public Spirit and ready Parts, that besides the many motions, he made for the promoting of Commenius his way of advancing general Learning; Duraeus his endeavour of procuring universal Peace, the b Whereof he was a Member. Royal Societies, Noble attempts for completing Philosophy, Bishop Walsons and Dr. Castles Heroic Essays for propagating the Eastern Learning; every man that came to him, went the better from him: Such great prudence in the managery of Affairs, like the providence that governs the world; that he could quickly see into the depth, and soon turn round all the sides of business, so as to be full and clear in his Resolutions and Debates, dexterous in his advice upon all straits, his Learning being so concocted into an active wisdom, that he was fit for any Employment, understanding things so well at first sight, that he seldom had a second thought, generally standing to the resolution and determination of his first. Add to this the integrity of heart, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, dipped into Justice; the stateliness of his Speech, the ingenuity, aptness, freedom, and gravity of his fancy; the luxuriancy of his ready invention, tempered with such solid and serious mixtures, such grave Retreats and Closes, that it seemed no other than beauty well dressed, or goodness appearing in a fair and cheerful Summer's day, becoming him as smiling doth a good Man, and a good Conscience, or flowering a laughter as we say doth a generous, pleasant, and spiritful liquor; the apt facetiousness of his native and fluent Wit, making way in converse for his more serious and weighty Conception, as did his Catholic love, tender of all (even (as appears by his discourse of the Oaths imposed upon them) of the poor Quakers themselves) but fond of worthy and good men, that he picked up all over the Nation; in his respect to whom you might 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 running 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Historiola haec monstrat, R. C. in L. A. Ep. W. quem fama monstrat magis sed & ipsa necdum fama quem monstrat satis ille totam solus Implevit tubam, tot ora solus Domuit & famam quoque fecit modestam. Ingens Academiarum certamen, quot quin & ipse Academiae? In quo musae omnes, & gratiae nullibi magis sorores sub preside religione in tenacissimum sodalitium Coaluere Peralta rerum pondera cum vaga mens indomito Cucurrit animo, et natur amexhausit totam mille faeta Artibus, mille Scientiis se in eruditionem varians omnigenam, et toti cognata encyclopaediae; Coelo satur nativo in suam evolavit originem; relicto sub tantillo marmore quanto hospite! Eo nimirum majore Monumento quo minore tumulo morte pariter etvita modestus. Dr. Henry Ferne, Fellow and Master of Trinity College a And one of the Commissioners, as Bishop Gauden and Bishop Earls was for reviewing the Liturgy, and satisfying the dissenting Brethren. in Cambridge, and Lord Bishop of Chester, well known in the late times by his clear resolutions of the Cases in difference between the King and Parliament, between our Church and Rome on the one hand, and Geneva on the other, in all which there were such weight of Arguments, such clearness of Expression, and such piety and seriousness of Spirit, that two Adversaries confessed that that Cause never looked so clearly and devoutly in any writings as in Dr. Ferns, and as well known by his Sermons at Oxford, then pressing Humiliations, holy Vows and Resolutions, and at Cambridge and London, pressing the keeping of those Vows: He died within few Months after he was made Bishop 1661. being buried at Westminister without any other Monument than his Name, of whom I may say: Adeo se occuluit ut vitam ejus pulchram dixeris, R. C. et Pudicam dissimulationem: I more vero et mortem, Ecce enim in ipso funere dissimulari se passus est. Dr. john Earls, on whom Merton College, where he was bred and buried, bestowed this History in this Epitaph. Amice s● quis hic sepultus est rogues; ille qui nec meruit unquam, nec quod majus est habuit b The very Parliament naming him as worthy to be one of the Assembly 1643. though he thought not it worthy of him. inimicum; qui potuit in Aula vivere, et mundum c How well he understood the world in his younger days, appears be his smart Characters how little be valued it, was seen in the careless indifference of his b●ly contemplative life. spernere; Concionator educatus Inter principes, et ipse facile princeps inter Concionatores, evangelista Inde festus Episcopus Pientissimus. Ille qui una cum sacratissimo rege, cujus et juvenilium studiorum et animae deo Charae Curam a beatissimo patre demandatam Gessit, nobile ac religiosum exilium est Passus. Ille qui Hookeri Ingentis Politeiam ecclesiasticam Ille qui Caroli Martyris 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, volumen quo post Apocalypsin divinius nullum) legavit orbi, sic latine reddita, ut uterque unius fidei defensor patriam adhuc retine at Majestatem. Nec dum tibi suboleat (Lector) nomen ejus ut unguenta pretiosa Johannes Earl Eboracensis sereniss. Car. II. Oratoris Clericus; Aliquando Westmonasteriensis (Decanus Ecclesiae deinde Wigorniensis Angelus. tandem Salisburiensis et nunc triumphantis Obiit Oxonii Nou. Septimo. A.D. 1665. Aet. 65. Voluitque in hoc ubi olim a 〈◊〉 p●●la o● the University, chaplain to the 〈◊〉 and ●●inister of a Living of his donation in W●l●shire, which he quitted with i●s Lord when he attended be ●●ded not as urged with 〈◊〉 Ar●●uns by h●m, his Master. floruerat Collegio ex Aede Christi huc in socium ascitus ver Magnum ut Restorescat, expectare. Dr. William Bedle, bred in Emanuel College in Cambridge, preferred with Sir Henry Wotton as Chaplain of his Embassy to Venice, at the same time that Mr. james Wadsworth his entire friend, bred in the same College, and Beneficed in the same Diocese with him, was sent with another Ambassador into Spain, Mr. Bedle as Sir Henry Wootton testified (upon Bishop Ushers recommendation of him from a private Minister in Suffolk, for many years to the Provostship of Dublin College) to King Charles the I. behaved himself so well, that Padre Paulo took him into his own bosom, with whom he did command the inwardest thought of his heart, from whom he professed to have received more knowledge in all Divivinity, both Scholastical and positive, than from any he had conversed with in his days: Mr. Wadsworth (though the most zealous Protestant of the two) miscarried so far, that he turned Papist; Mr. Hall, afterwards Bishop Hall, accosted him with a loving Letter, but Mr. Bedle (upon Mr. Wadsworths' opening to him the Motives of his Conversion, which he would not to Mr. Hall) with solid Arguments to be seen in their mutual Letters extant, which are Controversies of love and Meekness, as well as Religion; much was the expectation it seems by a Letter of Mr. Hall to him, his Parts and Conferences had raised; and great the satisfaction he gave when Bishop of Kilmore to that expectation by his Christian temper, his great repute for Learning and Zeal, his strict Life, observing exactly the Ember-weeks, the Canonical hours, the Feasts and Fast-days of the Church, besides his private Devotion, his Patience and Charity so exemplary, that the very Romanists, whereof not a few in his Diocese did ever look upon him with respect and Reverence, testifying it by concealing and safe protecting his Person in the Horrid Rebellion in Ireland, when they could not secure his excellent Books and Writings, among whom the Bible in Irish Translated by him, with many years Labour, Conference, and Study: He died 1642/3. Mr. john Hales, born, as I take it, in Kent, bred Fellow of Merton College Oxford, where he was Greek Professor, preferred first Chaplain to Sir Dudley Carleton, when he was at the Hague about the business of the Synod at Dort, whereof being sent thither to that purpose, he writ a daily and exact account completed as appears in his Remains by Dr. Balcanquell; and where upon Episcopius his well-pressing of 3 john 16. he would say, There I bid John Calvin good night: and then Fellow of Eton, and Prebendary of Windsor; in the first, of which places he was Treasurer which is strange, such his Integrity and Charity to his loss in point of Estate; and Fellow, such his prudence in avoiding the Oaths of the times without any snare to his Conscience. A Person of so large a capacity, so sharp, quick, piercing, and subtle a Wit, of so serene and profound a judgement beyond the ordinary reach, built upon unordinary notions, raised out of strange observations, and comprehensive thoughts within himself, and so astonishing an industry, that he became the most absolute Master of Polite, Various, and Universal Learning, besides a deep insight into Religion; in the search after which he was Curious, and of the knowledge of it studious, as in the practice of it, (The best way to understand Christian Religion, is to observe it, we learn by doing those things we learn to do) sincere, being as strictly just in his dealings, so extraordinarily kind, sweet, affable, communicative, humble and meek in his converse; so inimitably as well as unusually charitable, giving away all he had but his choice Books, and forced to sell them at last: That he was as good a man as he was a great Scholar; and to use the Reverend Dr. pearson's words of him, It was near as easy a task for any one to become so knowing as so obliging. He had so long, and with such advantage and impartiality judged of all Books, Things, and Men, that he was the Oracle consulted by all the Learned men in the Nation, Dr. Hammond, Mr. Chillingworth, etc. in Cases that concerned either, whereupon he used to say of Learned men's Letters, That they set up tops, and he must whip them for them. It's pity he was so averse, notwithstanding so general an importunity, from communicating his great thoughts by writing partly from an humour he had, as his intimate friend Mr. Faringdon observes, to draw the Model of things in his head, and never write till he needs must, and partly from his growing and unlimited thoughts; but chiefly from the exactness he required in others, (taking a great liberty it's seems by Dr. P. of judging not of others, but for himself) and exacted of himself, being seldom pleased with his own a Only Mr. Faringdon saith he spoke of his Sermon, Di●i Custodia●●, with complacency. performances, that there are no Monuments of his Learning (save the great Scholars made by his directions and assistance) extant but Sir H. Savile; Chrysostom, which he corrected with great pains in his younger days, and illustrated with admirable Notes, for which he is often honourably mentioned by Mr. Andrew Downs, Greet Professor of Cambridge, and a Collection of some choice Sermons and Letters made by Master Garthwait. Dr. William Chappel, a native of Lexington in Nottinghamshire, Fellow of Christ-colledge in Cambridge, upon Bishop Ushers importunity Provost of Trinity-college in Dublin, and the Lord Deputies observation of him, Lord Bishop of Cork and Rosse; a man of a very strict method, being an incomparable Logician; and of a very strict life, being an excellent man, famous for his many and eminent Pupils; more for the eminent Preachers, made so by his admirable method for the Theory, and Praxis upon 2 Tim. 3. 16. for the practice of Preaching; so good a disputant, as to be able to maintain any thing; but so honest a man, that he was willing to maintain only, as he would call them sober truths. Harassed between the Rebellion in Ireland and England, where it was imputed to Bishop Laud as a crime, that he preferred Bishop Chappel, and to him that he was preferred by him, being thought a Puritan before his preferment, and a Papist afterwards (though he was the same godly and orthodox man always) he died 1649. dividing his estate equally between his relations, to whom he was obliged in nature; and distressed Ministers, for whom he had compassion as a fellow's sufferer; of whom I may say, as it was of Dr. Reynolds, that it must be a good heart that kept so good a head employed, rather in rescuing old truths, than in broaching new errors. Dr. john Richardson extracted of an ancient and worshipful Family in Cheshire, brought up in Dublin, and made Bishop of Ardah in Ireland, peculiar for a very grave countenance, and his being extraordinary textuary; by the same token, that they who would not let him Preach on the Scripture in the late times, desired his help to Comment upon it; for his is the painful Comment (in the larger Annotations) upon Ezekiel. Many the gifts in these times bestowed upon him, and much in Alms (his deep poverty abounding to the riches of liberaliy, as our Saviour relieved others, though living upon others relief himself) when living; and considerable his Legacies, especially to Dublin-colledge, when dead, which happened in the year of our Lord 1653. and of his age 74. being observed never to have desired any preferment, but to have been sought for to many; it being his rule to discharge his present place, well knowing that God and good men use this method, viz. to make those, who have been faithful in a little, Rulers over much; as he was, to the great benefit of the places he came, where being as good and dexterous a Lawyer as Clerk, he compounded Differences, discharged Annuities and Pensions, set up Precedents of Frugality, built Houses that he long Inhabited not. Dido being feigned in love with Aeneis when dead many years, to salve the Anticronism, it is said, it was with his Picture; truly I never saw this Reverend Prelate's Picture, but I was in love with him for his Portraiture sake in Paper, as I am with God for his Image sake in him. Mr. William Lyford Bachelor of Divinity, a He proceeded 1631. born and bred in Piesmer in Berk-shire, preferred first Fellow of Magdalen-colledge (to which he restored in way of Legacy, what he had taken for the resignation of his Fellowship (to his great grief many years) in a way of bribe; and thence by the favour of the Earl of Bristol, who had a great value for him, Minister of Sherburne; where he divided, 1. His people to two parts. 1. The weak, which he Catechised and Principled in the Doctrines of the Church, for many years before the wars, whereof he drew a Scheme since. 2. The strong, whom he confirmed by his exact Sermons, his modesty visible in his comely countenance, and the meekness and prudence of his spirit in his courteous behaviour. 2. His time, into nine hours a day, for Study, three for visits and conferences, three for prayers and devotion, two for his affairs, and the rest for his refreshment. 3. His estate into one third part, for the present necessity of his family, another third part for future provision, and the third for pious uses; and his Parish into twenty eight parts, to be visited in twenty eight days every month; leaving knowledge where he found ignorance, justice where he found oppression, peace where he found contention, and order where he found irregularity, planting true Religion apart from all fond Opinions; the reason why, though I have heard (at a solemn Assembly 1658. at Oxford) him charactered for a man of an upright life, great gravity, and severity (by the same token, that it was wondered there, that so holy a man, so much acquainted with God as he was, should dote so much (these are their own words) on such sapless things, as a King, Bishops, Common-prayer, and Ceremonies) and he to win them over, used much their more innocent Phrases, Expressions, and Method; yet he suffered much from the Faction in his Name and Ministry, dying 1653. Mr. William Oughtred, a native Scholar and Fellow of Eton, bred in Kings-colledge Cambridge, and (his Mathematical Studies (wherein by Study and Travel he so excelled, that the choicest Mathematicians of our age own much of their skill to him, whose house was full of young a As Sir William ●ackehouse son, Mr. Stokes, Dr. Will. LLoyd, Mr. Arthur, Haughton, who had much ado to prevail with his modesty to publish his Trigonometria. Gentlemen, that came from all parts to be instructed by him) leading him to a retired and abstracted life) preferred only by Thomas Earl of Arundel to Albury in Surrey, where having a strong persuasion upon principles of Art (much confirmed by the Scheme of his Majesty's return in 1660. sent his Majesty some years before by the Bishop of Avignon) that he should see the King restored; he saw it to his incredible joy, and had his Dimittis a month after, june 30, 1660. and the 86. year of his age. Much requested to have lived in Italy, France, Holland, when he was little observed in England; as facetious in Greek and Latin, as solid in Arithmetic, Astronomy, and the sphere of all Meatures, b In the Mathematical way. Music, etc. exact in his stile, as in his judgement, handling his Cube, and other Instruments at eighty, as steadily, as others did at thirty; owning his, he said, to temperance and Archery, principling his people with plain and solid truths, as he did the world with great and useful Arts, advancing new Inventions in all things but Religion. Which in its old order and decency he maintained secure in his privacy, prudence, a 〈…〉 meekness, simplicity, resolution, patience, and contentment. Dr. Richard Stuart, a Gentleman of a great extraction and good education, born at Pateshull in Northamptonshire near N●●vesby, to Navelshy in the midst of England, (where was born Mart●● de Pateshull, who being a Divine, was the best Lawyer of his time, and Chief Justice of the Common-pleas; As he being a Lawyer bred, Fellow of All-souls, and almost, being a little person of great faculties, all soul himself, in Oxford, was one of the best Divines of his time, made successively Dean of Chichester, Provost of Eton, Dean of Saint Paul's and Westminster, Prolocutor to the Convocation 1640. at Westminster, Clerk of the Closet to the Kings Charles I. and II. a great Champion of the Protestant Religion at Paris, b 〈◊〉 L' H●lic de Blmville, be● the P●●icc of Wales. He 〈◊〉 Ba●●● shment An 〈◊〉 Dom. 1●42. Novem 14. Ann A a●, 58. le● r●●ng 〈◊〉 ●, st Charles Stu●t, 〈◊〉 of Oriel College Oxon ●●bind him, a sweet-natured and a very 〈◊〉 Gentlemen. where he Preached the excellent Sermon of Hezekia's Reformation in vindication of ours, and a discreet propagator of it; having with that public spirited man Sir Georg-Ratcliffe, gone very far in making an accommodation between the jansenists and the Reformed, a sit man for such a noble design, considering the moderation of his principles; his breast being a Chancery for Religion, the Sweetness of his Temper, the Acuteness and Depth of his Reason, the Charm of his Rhetoric and Fancy (he having been formerly, upon all occasions, as great a Poet and Orator, as he was then a Divine) and the full Smartness of his Style. Vir (to give him the Elegy of his Countryman Holcot) in divinis Scripturis cruditissimus, & saecularium rerum haud ignarius Ingenio praestans, & clarus eloquio, declamator, quoque concionum egregius. He ordered this Inscription on his Grave. Hic jacet R.S. qui assidue oravit pro pace Ecclesiae. Dr. Io. Nicholas, a Wiltshire man, I suppose, in the late times Prebend of Salisbury (where he excellently Preached Bishop Davenants Funeral Sermon) and since Prebend of Westminster, and Dean of Saint Paul's, to whose piety and moderation the Church is as much beholding, as the State to his Brother Sir Edward Nicholas, who attended both his Majesty and his Father, as a faithful Counsellor and Secretary, in their best times and worst. A man in no Art or Science showed its self formally, such his modesty; but all were eminently, such his ability. He dying c And buried, I think, in Salisbury. 1662. refused thousands of pounds, for a Lease he might then have disposed of, saying, he would not so wrong his successor, his successor. Dr. Barwick, dying 1664. did the like, whose History is legible in this his Epitaph. Amori & Aeternitati Quisquis es viator oculum, animum, hac adverte, Lege, Luge jacent sub hoc marmore Tenues exuviae non tenuis animae Johannis Barwick SS. T. D. Quem suum Natalibus gloriatur (Wappenslacke) Ager Westmoriensis Studiis Academia Cantabrigiensis Admissum socium in Sti. Johannis Collegium Indeque (quod magis honori est) Pulsum a Rebellibus Qui ne perduellium rabiem, nec Haemopsin quamvis aeque cruentam & certius tandem percussuram quicquam moratus Pro Rege & Ecclesia summa Ardua molitus Diro a He was in the Tower several years said with bread and water, which di●t, by God's providence, having saved his life, when his ve●● broke, hed● only little or nothing but water all his life time after, and eat nothing but once in 24. or 30. hours. Carcere perquam Inhumana passus; Inconcussa semper virtute Renatum denuo vidit Diadema, & Infulam Etiam sua non parum obstetricante manu Qui deinde functus Decanatu b He was Prebendary of Durham before, and ●●●plain and Executor to Bishop Morten. Dunelmensi. Paucis mensibus Paulino Vero Triennio. Parum diu utroque sed fideliter Tandem (post caelibatum, cum primis caste, cum primis sancte cultum Labe Pulmonum & Curis publicis eonfectus heic requiescit in Domino Atque inter sacras Aedis Paulinae ruinas reponit su●s Viriusque Resurrectionis c H● gave liberally towards the repair of Saint Paul's. securus Anno Aetatis LIII. Salutis M. DC. LXII. Caetera scire si velis, dis●ede; & Disce ex Illustri primaevae pietatis exemplo Quid sit esse veri nominis Christianum. He was very active and prudent in coporating with those Loyal persons that attempted his Majesty's Restauration, and in assisting the Bishop of London in the Church's Reformation 1662. being fetched up to London for his quick and sweet way of managing Church-affairs, wherein he was so well instructed by his Patron Bishop Morton, in his many years attendance upon him; and therefore no wonder that his Majesty valued him so much, as to be willing to redeem his life (they are his own words) with the exchange of one that had endeavoured to deprive him of his own; and sustain it (otherwise likely to perish in prison) when his enemies had robbed him even of bread for his own mouth. Dr. Nicholas Monk, Brother to his Grace the Duke of Albemarle, born of an ancient Family in Potheridge Devonshire, and bred under an excellent Tutor in Wadham-colledge in Oxford, being a Private, but wellbeloved Minister in his own Country, as his Brother was a private, but much observed Soldier in the Low-countries; he came to serve God in the capacity of a Bishop in the Church, as his Grace did to serve the King, in the highest capacity that ever Subject did in the State. From Sir Hugh Pollard, Sir Thomas Stukley and others, he being always loyally affected himself, he took a journey 1659. from Devonshire to Scotland, conferring with Sir a 〈…〉, and the good I expect from you, will bring so great a benefit to your Country, and to yourself, that I cannot think that you will decline my Interest: I leave the way and manner of declaring it entirely to your own Judgement and will comply with the advice you will give me. The other to Sir John about him, in these words. I am confident that George Monk can have no malice in his heart against me, no● hath he done any thing against me which I cannot easily pardon; and it is in his power to do me so great service, that I cannot easily reward, but I will do all I can; and perform what he shall promise his Army (whereof he shall still keep the Command) upon the word of a King, July 21. 1659. john Greenvile, now Earl of Bath, in his way at London; and engaging Sir Thomas Clerges, who conveyed him safe on Shipboard, so fully instructed how to manage his negotiation with caution, that with Dr. Samuel Barrow, Sir R. Knight, Dr. john Price, and Dr. Gumbles' assistance, he was able to persuade his Brother to march into England, upon Sir George Booths Declaration; and when that failed, to send to Sir Thomas Clerges, to tell him, That if the Parliament would assert their own authority against the Army, he would come into England in their defence, as he did under that colour to their ruin; his Reverend Brother in the mean time transacting an exact correspondence between him, and all the West of England; particularly, recommending to him Sir William Maurice, as a faithful and prudent Counsellor. For which services he was made Provost of Eton, and Bishop of Hereford, where he died 1661. Dr. William Paul, born b I think that 〈…〉 who was taken up 30. years after his Funeral, as 〈◊〉 as the first 〈◊〉 he was 〈◊〉, was his Fa●hel. a Citizen of London in East-cheap; bred Fellow of All-souls in Oxford, an acute Scholar. I have heard Dr. Barlow say, that he answered the Act, when proceeding Doctor, the most satisfactorily of any person he heard, and he heard many in his time; and his Sermon a little before the wars (upon that Text, Then Paul stood upon Mars-hill, and said, I perceive, that in all things ye are too superstitious) at an Episcopal Visitation of Oxfordshire, was extraordinary. Minister of Brightwell in Oxfordshire for thirty years, Prebend of Chichester, Dean of Lichfeld, and Bishop of Oxford 1663. dying there 1665. A shrewd man in business, whether of Trade, Husbandry, Buying and Improving of Land, Disposing of Money; carrying a great command over the factious about him by his money (which he could lend to advantages, to the most considerable men of that party) in those sad times, when others of his Order submitted to them; exceedingly well versed in the Laws of the Church and the Land, and admirably well seen in the Intrigues and Interest of State. Dr. Matthew Wren, born near Cheapside in London, descended from a worshipful and ancient Family of his Name in Northumberland, brought up in Pembroke-hall in Cambridge; where the accuteness of his Philosophy Act (before King james, when he distinguished upon his Majesty, that his Dogs might perform more than others by the Prerogative) pleased his Majesty, and with other learned performances known to the Bishop, recommended him to be Chaplain to Bishop Andrews; his Education under him furnished him with such experiences in the affairs of the Church and State, that he was advanced Chaplain to Prince Henry, and his painful, but exact Preaching in that Court, brought him to Prince Charles his service, his prudent conduct of the religious part of their Journey into Spain, made his way to King james his own service, as afterwards to King Charles; where in his he had, 1. Two Parsonages to exercise his charity upon the poor, his munificence upon the Churches, Houses, and House-keeping; and his excellent arts of Government upon the people. 2. One Prebendary, to enter him into Church affairs. 3. The Mastership of Peter-house, a Scene fit for his parts, learning, and discipline. 4. The Deanery of a where 〈◊〉 Brother D. W●en him, Father is the 〈◊〉 genieus and learned Dr. W. ●n Ajironony-prosessor in Oxford. Windsor. 5. The Bishopric of Hereford 1634. 6. The Bishopric of Norwick 1635. 7. The Bishopric of Ely 1638. 8. And the Deanery of the Chapel, in which capacity he married the Prince of Aurange. In all which places, if he b Two Sir mons a● Cambridge, made him m●st ●●ment, the one an assize Sermon, upon a disign to Drayn the Fens, 〈◊〉 Amos 5. 24 the other 〈◊〉 veturn out of Spain on Psal. 42. 7. Preached, he gave great instances of pregnant Intellectuals, set off with notable Learning, and acute Oratory: If he visited or governed, he did it exactly, according to the old Injunctions of the Realm, the Canons of the Church, and the Laws and Statutes of the place; of all which, his Visitation Articles were an exact Collection. For which, by men ignorant and impatient, he was cried down into Prison, without ever being heard, for fifteen years together, by a Parliamentary power; and by the same power (as St. Paul, Act. 16. 39 was entreated out of his bonds, by them that put him in) discharged out, out-living by a strong constitution, used to hardship, never seeing Fire in the coldest time, nor bating the hardest Meat in his weakest years; seldom a bed till eleven a clock at night, and always up at five in the morning, at his hours walk, without either Fire or Candle, and continual Study diverting his thoughts, whereof his Accurate and Critical Vindication of the Scripture against the Socinian Glosses, is a very great instance, Printed at the end of the Critica Sacra, a small part of a vast Treasure of such choice observations. If he discoursed, he did it to his last, with a vast comprehension and memory of particular and minute circumstances, though at never so great a distance of time or place. If he had relation to any College, as he had to Peter-house, and Pembroke-hall, and, I think, St. john's Cambridge as Visitor, and Charter-house as Governor, he looked to the concernments of each place narrowly, he encouraged hopeful men in them bountifully, and kept up the interest of the Church, as he did every where, strictly; if it was a time of Parliament or Convocation, he attended them carefully and constantly; for he knew that a Vote may sometimes save or lose a kingdom. (C) Twenty 〈…〉 of St. John's, Peter-I●ose, and Pembroke●hall, beirghi● Relations in mourning. This Eminent Prelate dying 1667. above 80. years of age, was buried in a Chapel erected at his own charge, in Cambridge, with the greatest solemnity seen in the memory of man, performed by the whole University, ordered by an Herald. Dr. John Pearson, Master of Trinity-college, and Margaret Professor, making an excellent Funeral Oration upon the occasion; and all the Company (besides that, they laid the rich Mitre and Crosier upon the Altar) making the greatest offering that ever was seen in the University. I wish him so good an Historian of his life, as he had been of the Church, if he had undertaken what Bishop Andrews imposed upon him, before he understood Sir Henry Spelman was about it, viz, The Collection of Counsels, and so good an Epitaph. David LLoyd Dr. of Law, born in Mongomeryshire or Shropshire, bred in All-souls Oxon, sometime controller of the Earl of Derbies' house, and Chaplain to his Family, Warden of Ruthen, Denbighshire, and Dean of St. Asaph; an ingenious Gentleman, of greater spirit than estate, well esteemed of by the neighbour Gentry where he lived, and not understood by the populacy; a great agent and sufferer for his Majesty, well understanding how to take off his enemies, and engage his friends. He died 1662/3. Dr. john Barneston born of a good Family in Cheshire, to which he was an ornament, bred Fellow of Brasen-n●se-colledge in Oxon, to which he was a benefactor, founding there a Lecture for Hebrew, where he had been an excellent Proficient in Greek, that that College, which is so eminent for Philosophy, should be as excellent for the Tongues. Chaplain to Chancellor Egerton, to whom he was Counsellor; and Residentiary of Salisbury, where he was an hospitable Housekeeper, a cheerful Companion, and a peaceable Man; by the same token, that a Churchwarden being brought before him by the Parish in a Consistory, for having lost the Chalice out of his House, which should have been kept in the Church, he perceiving that the Churchwarden had carried it home with an honest intent, not to Imbezzle, but to scour it; ended the controversy thus, Well, I am sorry, that the Cup of Union and Communion, should be the cause of difference and discord among you. Go home, and live lovingly together, and I doubt not, but either the Thief out of remorse will restore the same, or some other as good will be sent you. Which by a charity, as secret as the offer was prudent, was performed, not only on the Doctor's motion, but his charge too, who rested in that peace he lived, when the whole Nation was imbroiled in a war, 1642. About which time died Mr. Io. Bois, who credited Elesmeth in Suffolk by his Birth, Hadley School, and Saint john's College in Cambridge by his Education, Boxworth in Cambridgeshire, where he was Parson; and Ely-church, where he was Prebendary by his preferment. His voluntary Greek Lecture read a Bed early in the morning to young Scholars (whereof Mr. Gataker was one) improved him much, and the young men of those times more; King james his Translation of the Bible, wherein he was an eminent instrument; Sir Henry Savils chrysostom, whereof he was the Supervisor; and the choice Notes and Criticisms, that go up and down among learned men, whereof he was the Author, will preserve his memory in the world, as long as it is either religious or learned. Bishop Andrews, who made it not his business to find preferment for men, but men for preferment, stole those they had upon him, and Mr. Nicholas Fuller, in a way equally agreeable to their modesty and merit. As Bishop Laud did for Mr. Edward Symonds, a native of Cottered in Hertsordshire, Scholar of Peter-house in Cambridge, and Minister of Little Rain in Essex before the wars; so strict his life, and so plain, piercing, and profitable his preaching (whereof some very pertinent Sermons extant are instances) that he was looked upon as a Puritan; yet in the wars, so early his care in vindicating his Majesty, in a Book bearing that Title; in principling his Country against Rebellion, in some controversies with Stephen Martial, whom he after visited in his Bed at Westminster, telling him, That if he had taken him for a Wild Beast, he would not have roused him in his Den; and afterwards in being instrumental to set forth his late Majesty's true 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that he was Sequestered of his Living, and forced first to Worcester, then to Exeter and Barnestable, after that to France, and at last to London, where he died 1649. being buried in St. Peter's Pauls-wharf, where he often preached and elaborately; for being requested once to Preach upon a small warning, and told that the plain Auditors would be best pleased with his plain performance; he answered, I can content them, but not mine own Conscience to preach with so little preparation. The Earl of Kildare being accused before Henry the eighth, for burning the Cathedral Church of Cassiles in Ireland, professed ingeniously, That he would never have burned the Church, if some body had not told him, that the Bishop was in it: Several persons being urged with their severity to this good man, answered, He had never suffered so, had he not been a stubborn Kingling and Prelatist. Tanti non est bonum, quanti est odium Christianorum. Dr. Edward Simson, born April 13. 1578. at Tottenham-high-crosse in Middlesex, where his Father was the faithful Minister, who having bred himself to a competent skill in Latin, sent him to Westminster under Mr. Cambden, to learn Greek at fourteen, as he did him to Trinity-college in Cambridge, to accomplish himself with the Arts and Sciences at eighteen, whereof being Master at twenty five, as Bachelor of Divinity at thirty two: when after vast instances of his proficiency in Critical and Historical Learning, whereof his a Whereof he sent out the first part, viz his Mosaique History first, the acceptance of which among the learned encouraged him to finish it Catholic History (as good of the great world, as his Master Cambden is of Great Britain) Printed 1652. at Oxford, a vast heap of Commentaries and Glosses upon the most known Authors lying in his Study, and several Treaties, as his Notae Selectiores in Horatium, Praelectiones in Persii satyras; Dii Gentium: Sanctae linguae soboles; Anglicanae linguae vocabularium Etymologicum; Tractatus de justificatione: A Treatise concerning Divine Providence in regard of evil or sin: The knowledge of Christ in two Treaties, dedicated to the Countess of Maidston; Positive Divinity in three parts, containing an Exposition of the Creed, the Lords Prayer, and the Decalogue, b And the doctrine of Regeneration in Joh 3. 6 which because he said● that any great sin did extinguish grace, and that St. Paul Rom. 7. Sp●●t in the person of anunregener 〈◊〉 man, K. James was displeased worn out in the hands of private friends, gave a very good account; he was preferred for four years' Chaplain to Sir Moyle Finch, and upon his death (whose Funeral Sermon he Preached with great applause) returning to the University for three years, Preacher in a private Parish at Cambridge, and then Commencing Doctor at forty, advanced Rector of Eastling, in the Diocese of Canterbury, by the Viscountess Maidston, Sir M. Finches Relict, and Prebend of Coringam, where being a man of an erect and tall, though not very strong body, a cheerful soul, a strong memory, and quick senses to his last, he continued with infinite satisfaction to all his Neighbours (being complai●ant as well as studious) but the ignorant, thirty years, dying suddenly (if his death who had lived so well 73. years, might be thought sudden) for he went to bed over night, not to awake till the great morning, sleeping his last even without a Metaphor 1652. having written over his Chronicon a The Mythological part is most excellent. Catholicum Egregium & Absolutissimum opus summa Industria, omnigena erudition, magno judicio et multorum annorum vigilis perductum, saith Dr. Edward Reynolds then Vicechancellor, in his Licence prefixed to it with his own hand, though very ancient, in as neat a Character almost as the Printer published it. Ipsos Saturni tumularunt viscera natos, et Genitus rursus pars Genitoris erat: Scilicet in proprios saevit gula temporis artus; dumque necat serpens omnia primus obit. Sed in defunctis tribuisti saecula saeclis, Qui vel praeteritos scis revocare dies: Vmbras, atque orcum redimcns e fa●cibus orci; nam sine te Manes bis po●uere ●●ri. Natales ante orte tuos, posi ●●ner● v●●●x, Huic monstras aevo priests, of 〈◊〉 novo Tempore nata prius, nunc gignit Ale●●●●a tempus vitam alii mundo, debet ae●●●st●tibi. H. Birchhed, Coll. Om. An. Soc. Saecula qui vasta reparasti lapsa ruina Aequum est ipse feras mansuram in saecula famam. Rob. Creswell Col. Trin. Cant. St. Austin's b Wherein among others he defamed this opinion. Retractations was the noblest of his Works; and his Declaration about the Sermon before King james at Royston 1616/17. (after the two Professors of Cambridge gave in their judgement against his Exposition of Rom. 7. for which Armenius had been lately blamed) was the most ingenious of his. Dr. Wilford, Fellow and Master of Bennet College in Cambridge, Vicechancellor of that University, Archdeacon of Bedford, and Dean of Ely, well seen in the Statutes of the University, the Canons of the Church, and the Laws of the Land; a good Scholar, and a strict Governor, able to instruct men to do well, to restrain them from doing ill: He died july 1667. having struggled much with bad manners, and sad times, wherein in promoting his Majestie●●●rvice, he was discreet, close and active; he did as the gladiators ●●ed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, honest decumbere, neither suffered Religion only with his Majesty, but all ingenuity too; For Thomas c He got the skill in Grammar in the Low-Countries, where he was a Soldier Farnaby, that excellent Grammarian, Rhetorician, and Critic, as appears by his own systems, and his Notes upon most Classic Latin Authors so often Printed here, and oftener beyond Sea (his life being taken up in making those excellent Collections) he had been forty years instilling those principles of Loyalty and Religion into young Gentlemen, for which, with those Gentlemen he suffered; it was a good sight to see Sir Thomas Moor when Chancellor, condescend to ask blessing humbly on his knees in the middle of Westminster-Hall of his Father then Puisne Judge; and it was a sad sight to see so many Bishops and Doctors at a Where he was a Prisoner as he was in the Fleet, etc. Ely-House, thank plain Mr. Farnaby for teaching them those Maxims, Loyalty in the School, Affliction by his Patience, which he had taught them in the Grammar-School by his Lectures. The War spent him many of those thousands he had got in Peace, he throwing, as the Mariners, his Goods overboard, to secure himself and his Conscience, keeping a calm within in the middle of a storm without; The Parliament not forcing from him so much, but he sent in more to the King. His discovering the false Glosses and Comments put upon words and things in those times, was as good service as the light and clearness he gave to the words and things of the old-times; and when he could not correct the times to duty, he retired, though with trouble to his old way of breeding up young Gentlemen that should hereafter alter them, planting a Nursery (in the advantageous way of Boarding and Schooling, which he always managed together, and he would say it was not worth the while to undertake them asunder,) for the next Age that would make amends for this, being Master of a grave Prudence to calm the unswayed humorsom Children; and a good Spirit and fancy to raise the depressed Genius of others, fixing and reducing each temper, as Socrates did Alcibiades, to an usefulness. One that understood Greek and Latin Authors, so as to understand himself. Dr. john Pottinger, the Famous Master of Winchester, who hath bred so many excellent men of late, Fellow of New College (as Dr. Ailmer, Dr. Sharwicke, Dr. Ailworth, Mr. Turner, Mr. Ken, etc.) able by their great Parts to master that Faction that with force mastered him. The very discipline and method of his excellent School, was able to instill learning (like a Watch once well set that goeth always) even without him to the dullest capacity, and his fancy, parts and encouraging temper, put life into that Learning; instilling not the Learning only, but the Life of Authors, especially Homer into his Scholars, who came generally to the University in my time with more vigorous parts, than others went out fit; although otherwise he was a man as once Tully spoke, qui opprimi potius onere officii maluit quam illud deponere, yet what pains he took to resign when his Conscience and Employment could not consist together; and much troubled between his unhappiness, that he could not serve his Generation, and his temper that would have its liberty, having quitted his place 1653/4. he enjoyed not long his life. Dr. Lambert Osbaston, suffering more for his Conscience by the Faction, than he had done for his waggery by the Government; he went beyond Canterbury, but he could not go beyond Westminster, where many of his own Scholars (that he made not only Scholars, but men; teaching his charge not only their Books, but themselves, breeding them to Carriage and Address, as well as Learning, and infusing a spirit with his notion) were as severe to him as he had been to them. Some favour they showed his Person for his former services, which he repented; but Sequestered all his Preferments for his present integrity, in pressing all those he had an interest in (even Bradshaw himself upon his Deathbed) to repent. He was turned out of one Living in the Country for insufficiency; and yet employed at most examinations at Westminster for his parts, where he made boys do that which men durst not, tell truth to Oliver, than their Nose and Face, he being not pedantic in his carriage and discourse, was by some not thought rich in Learning, because he did not Jingle with it in his discourse. He gave the best alms to the poor, learning never paying boys, because their Parents did not pay him, encouraging poor Children to be painful in School, but never poor Scholars idly begging before it. Mr. Bust the admirable Greek Schoolmaster of Eton, never suffered any wand'ring Scholar (Rogues in the front of the Statute) to come to his School, privately relieving, and publicly chiding such, left his boys might be discouraged to those that had taken pains at School for maintenance, come beggars out of the University. He never dulled a quick head by mawling it, nor awed a fluent tongue into stuttering by affrightment, nor commuted correction into money, nor debased his Authority by contesting with the obstinate, turning such out when he could do them no good, and they might do others much hurt, studying the children's dispositions, as they did their books: the invincibly dull he pitied, consigning them over to other Professions, Shipwrights, and Boatmakers, will choose those crooked pieces of Timber, which other Carpenters refuse. The dull and diligent he encouraged, he had been a Child himself, if he had corrected nature as a fault in Children: the ingenious and idle he quickened, the ingenious and industrious he doted on, not only pardoning, but being infinitely pleased with a well-humored fault, that discovered parts as well as youth, and was an ingenious error. Mr. john Cleaveland, owing his Birth and School-breeding to Hinckley in Leicester-shire; the heaving of his natural fancy by choicest Elegancies in Greek and Latin, more elegantly Englished (an exercise he improved much by) to Mr. Vines than Schoolmaster. His University Education to Christ's College, where he was Scholar; and St. john's where he was Fellow, besides his being an exquisite Orator, and a pure Latinist. The first recommending him to the honour of making those public Speeches of his to his late Majesty, the Prince, the Prince Palatine, etc. lately published, and the other preferring him to the place of Rhetorick-Reader: he was a general Artist, and universal Scholar, that had the patience to squeeze all the proper Learning that had any coherence with it, into each fancy, which ran like the soul it dwelled in in a minute, through the whole Circle both of Sciences and Languages, by the strength of an exercised memory that conned out of book all it read; Mr. Cleaveland reckoned himself to know just so much as he remembered, his fancy in his elaborate Pieces of Poetry, wherein he excelled, summing whole books into a Metaphor, and whole Metaphors into an Epithet, walked from one height to another in a constant level and Champion of continued elevation: he ventured his Person and Preferment a Being turned out of his Fellowship. for his Majesty at Newark, where he handled his Sword in the quality of Advocate, and his life at Oxford, where he managed his Pen as the highest Panegyrist, (witness his Rupertismus, his Elegy on my Lord of Canterbury, etc. on the one hand) on the one side to draw out all good inclinations to virtue; and the smartest Satirist, (witness the Rebel Scot, the Scots Apostasy, the Character of a London Diurnal, and a Committee-man, blows that shaked triumphing Rebellion, reaching the soul of those not to be reached by Law or Power, striking each Traitor to a paleness beyond that of any Loyal Corpse that bled by them; the Poet killing at as much distance, as some Philosopher's heat-scars lasting as time, indelible as guilt-stabs beyond death) on the other, to shame the ill from Vice, sinking in the common ruin of King and Kingdom: he was undone first, and afterwards secured at Norwich, because he was poor and had not where withal to live, whereupon he composed an Address to the Pageant Power at Whitehall of so much gallant Reason, and such towering Language, as looked bigger than his Highness, shrinking before the Majesty of his Pen (the only thing that ever I heard wrought upon him that had been too hard for all Swords) representing that of his Master and Cause, like Faelix trembling, Paul flattered one of the meanest of three Nations, that he Ruled, and ominously sent him to study the Law, which he saw would prevail, it being in vain to suppress that was supported by the two greatest things in the World, Wit and Learning. This great Wit (great in his easy veins and elaborate strain, no less to be valued by us, because most studied by him) died at Grays-Inn April 29. 1658. and being carried from thence to Hunsdon-House, was buried on May-day at Colledge-hill, Dr. john Pearson his good friend preached his Funeral Sermon, who rendered this reason why he cautiously declined all commending of the party deceased, because such praising of him would not be adequate to any expectation in that Auditory, seeing some who knew him not would think it far above him, while those who knew him must needs know it far below him. Mr. Richard Crashaw, his Father had done so well in the Temple where he was Preacher; and he promised so much where he was a Scholar, that two great Lawyers, I think Sir Henry Yeluerton, and Sir Randolph Crew took him to their care, the one paying for his Diet, the other for his clothes, Books, and Schooling till he was provided of both in the Royal Foundation at Charter-House, where his nature being leisurely advanced by Art, and his own pretty conceits improved by those of the choicest Orators and Poets, which he was not only taught to understand, but imitate and make, not only their rich sense his own, but to smooth his soul as well as fill it, for things are rough without words, their expressions too; the essays Mr. Brooks (his worthy Master still alive, whose even, constant, and pursuing diligence and industry, did wonders in that School) imposed upon him, on the Epistles and Gospels, at School, were the ground of that Divine fancy, so famous in a Whose ●ay of versitying on 〈◊〉 subjects was brought by Sir R. Dalling 〈…〉 Greek Su●●● there into the Chartet-house, 〈◊〉 was Maj●● and 〈◊〉 Pembroke-hall, where he was Scholar; and Peter-house, where he was Fellow, in Cambridge, where he was esteemed the other b Mr Herbert Brother to 〈◊〉 Lo●u 〈◊〉 of Ch●●●● 〈◊〉 University of 〈…〉 of the Church of England, whose 〈◊〉 be was 〈…〉 are with 〈◊〉 P●●ms the Timple. Herbert of our Church, for making Poetry, as Divine in its object, as in its Original, and setting wit disparaged in talking out most of its gallant Genius on Fables, Women, Drollery, or Flattery; upon a matter and subject as noble as its nature, making his Verses not in his Study at St. Peters-house, but in his Devotions, wherein he spent many a night, at St. Mary's Church; warbling his Hymns for St. Ambroses his Saints, under Tertullia's Roof of Angels; having no other Helicon, than the jordan of his eyes; nor Parnassus, than the Zion where dwelled his thoughts, that made the Muse's Graces, and taught Poems to do what they did of old, propagate Religion, and not so much Charm as Inspire the Soul. Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, were as familiar to him as English. Philosophy came as plausible from him as his Speeches or Sermons; those thronged Sermons on each Sunday and Holiday, that ravished more like Poems, than both the Poet and Saint (two c A. C. of the most sacred names in heaven and earth) scattering not so much Sentences and Ecstasies, his soul breahing in each word, was the soul of the Assembly, as its original is of the World. Poetry, Music, Drawing, Limning, Graving, (exercises of his curious Invention, and sudden Fancy) were the subservient recreations of his vacant hours, not the grand business of his soul; his diet was temperate, to a Lesson exactness, whence his memory was so clear, that he had ready at his service the choicest treasures of Greek and Latin Poets, those Gibeonites to draw water to the Tabernacle. The Divine Poet, that had set a Language (made up of the Quintessence of Fancy and Reason) for the Angels (as the Schoolmen state their way of discourse) to converse in; seeing Atheism prevailing in England, embraced Popery in Italy, choosing rather to live in the Communion of that corrupt Church, in the practice of fundamental truths, confessed to be then mixed with some errors, than to stay here, where was hardly the face of any Church, after the overthrow of those to make way for all errors; being resolved to any Religion, than that which taught a holy Rebellion d He was turned out for not taking the Covenant. and Perjury, a pious Sacrilege, a godly Parricide, and made the very horrors of nature, the glory of Christianity. And died of a Fever, the holy order of his soul over-heating his body, Canon of Loretto, whence he was carried to heaven, as that Church was brought thither by Angels, singing. Dr. john Sherman, Scholar at Charter-house, London, and Fellow of Trinity-college Cambridge, whom to use his own e In his book called White-salt, or some sober Corrections for a mad world. words, Reading makes a full Scholar, as appeared by his discourse, called, The Greek brought into the Temple: Conference a ready Scholar, evidenced in his successful contracts in these times with both papists and Sectaries; and meditation a deep Scholar, as is legible in his excellent discourse (so much commended by the Reverend Dr. Pierce) of Infallibility; so conscientious a man, that because he had a small estate of his own, derived to him by providence, he would not return to his old Preferment, his Fellowship; and so modest, that he looked not after any new; being infinitely more happy in his rational and sublime self-satisfaction, whereby he neglected the lower advantages of his Majesty's Restauration, than others have been in their thoughts since, that made it their business to enjoy them. Dr. Abraham Cowley, bred at Westminster (under the Reverend Dr. Busbie, whose name will be deeply woven into the history of this age, most of the eminent Prelates and Statesmen owning their Abilities to his admirable Education, and their Loyalty to his choice Principles) preferred to Trinity-college Cambridge, and when ejected, admitted in France Secretary in effect to her Majesty the Queen Mother, in being so formerly to the Right Honourable the Earl of St. Alban; since the Restauration designed Master of the Savoy, and Charter-house, and the first failing, and the second not falling, rewarded with a rich Lease of her Majesties, I think, at Chersey in Surrey. A Poet, as all are born, not made, a Jewel brought forth with it fire and light about it, writing at eleven well at School for the entertainment of Noblemen, and at sixteen a The Guardian w●it by h●m 1640 at th●se years. excellently in the University, for the entertainment of a Prince; aiming according to his Motto (Tentanda via est qua me quoque possim tollere humo, victorque virum voliture per ora) at nothing ordinary; he performed upon all occasions extraordinary; arriving at the greatest height of English and b See his Po●em of Plants, Herbs, and his Dovideus. Latin Poetry, (that is, a happy fertility of Invention, a great Wisdom of Disposition, a curious Judgement in observance of Decencies, and quick Luster and Vigour of Elocution, a becoming Modesty, Variety, and Majesty of Number; c Diou. H●liearnass. de Al●aeo. Vide A. C. pres●t. ad su● carmina 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; bold and unusual figures; all every where like a Man's Soul; Grave, Calm, Sober, and Chaste as his Life; not gay all over, but skilled when to be witty, and when to be wise; in a word, his Poems) the great exactness in Greek and Latin Authors (his Comment being as Learned as his Poems Ingenious, the one opening what the other coucheth) Sublimated not Translated by him; richer in his grasping coherent and great thoughts, than in their own; a stupendious skill in most Languages and Sciences, particularly in the two great Mistresses professions, Divinity and Physic, and their brave attendants, Philosophy, Mathematics, and History, besides Music, Limning, etc. his recreations, and that in the pleasant privacy of a College; not on the Banks of Cham, amidst the great Collection of the most learned Books and Men, where his thoughts run as clear and undisturbed as the stream, and peaceable as the times; but among cares and fears, melancholy and grief, sufferings and removes, times fit to write of, (and its pity his three Books of the Civil Wars, reaching as far as the first Battle of Newbury, are lost; and that he laid down his Pen, when his friends did their Arms; that he marched out of the Cause, as they did out of their Garrisons; dismantling the Works and Fortifications of Wit and Reason, in his power to keep, when they did the Forts and Castles not so in theirs) but not in, In te inluens (they are Tully's words applied by Mr. C. to himself) Brute, Doleo, cujus in adolescentiam per medias laudes, quasi quadrigis vehentem transversa incurrit misera fortuna Reipublicae. Since Poesy, as he observeth there, that is, to communicate pleasure unto others, must have a soul full of bright and delightful Ideas; sad times, and a sad spirit, being as unsuitable to a good fancy, as (to use his comparison, for I make him all along, who best could express himself) the grave to Dr. Donnes' Sundial, nothing but a S●● his Mis●●●ss, on incomparable 〈◊〉. Love (the Poet's necessary affection, Aristotle handleth the affections in his discourses both of Rhetoric and Poetry) and Devotion, then keeping up his thoughts and parts; the melancholy resulting from thence, that made him in the midst of the brave discourses in his House and Company, the Rendezvouz of all that was Noble, Learned, or Witty in the Nation) silent some hours together, drew in all that he heard into great notions; and as if it had been a Meditation, all the while expressed them in greater. In a word, he became the best Poet, by being the best natured man in England; sufficiently honoured, not so much by the great appearance at his Funeral at Westminster-Abbey, as became the Funeral of the great Ornament of the English Nation, August 1667 as that he was entirely beloved by his Majesty King Charles II. the Augustus to this Virgil, familiarly entertained by her Majesty Mary the Queen Mother, received into the intimate friendship of his Grace George Duke of Buckingham, etc. and so happily imitated by the excellent Mr. b In his Plague of Athens, when Dr. Cowley pres●wed his Bo●k to the University of Oxon, for which the Vaive 〈◊〉 presented him with a Degree 1656. Mr. Sprat writ an inimitable Poem in Latin on his Poems to be ●●en, annexed to them in Wadham-colledge Library. Sprat, the surviving Ornament of English Ingenuity, who hath done that right and honour to the Royal Society, that that doth to Philosophy, and the world; the first grounds and rules whereof were given by Dr. Cowley, in a way of Club at Oxford, that is now improved into a noble College at London. Fran. Quarles, Esq Son to c Clerk's of the Green-cloath, and P●rveyor of the Navy to QEliz. and Brother to Sir Robert ●uarles. james Quarles, Esq born at Stewards nigh Rumford in Essex, bred in Christ-colledge in Cambridge, and Lincolns-Inn, London, preferred Cupbearer to the Queen of Bohemia, Secretary to Bishop Usher, and Chronologer to the City of London; having suffered much in his estate by the Rebellion in Ireland, and as much in his Peace and Name (for writing the Loyal Conver●, and going to his Majesty to Oxford) by the Faction in England; he practised the job he had described, and the best Emblem (though he had out-Alciated and Excelled in his Emblems) of Devotion and Patience himself, dying Septemb. 8. Anno Domini 1644. Aetatis 52. the Husband of one Wife, and Father of eighteen Children, buried at St. foster's, and living his pious books, that by the fancy take the heart, having taught Poetry to be witty, without profaneness, wantonness, or being satirical, that is, without the Poets abusing God, himself, or his neighbour. To join together Poetry and Music, Mr. Will. Laws, a Vicar Chorals Son, born and bred at Salisbury, but accomplished at the Marquis of hertford's, who kept him at his own charge under his 〈◊〉 Govanni Coperario an Italian, till he equalled, yea, exceeded him. Of the private Music to King Charles I. and of great respect among all the Nobility and Clergy of England; besides his fancies of the 3, 4, 5 and 6. parts to the Viol and Organ, he made above 30. several sorts of Composures for Voices and Instruments, there being no instrument that he Composed not to as aptly as if he had only studied that: When slain September 24. 1645. in the Command of a Commissary, given on purpose to secure him; but that the activity of his spirit disclaimed the Covert of his Office, he was particularly lamented by his Majesty, who called him the Father of Music, having no Brother in that Faculty, but him that was his Brother in nature, Mr. Henry Laws, since gone to enjoy that heaven where there is pleasures for evermore, after he had many years kept up that Divine Art of giving laws to Air & Fettering Sounds, in Noble Halls, Parlours, and Chambers, when it was shut out of Churches, where for many years (to use Mr. hooker's words) it was greatly available, by a native puissance and efficacy, to bring the mind to a perfect temper when troubled, to quicken the spirits low, and allay them when eager; sovereign against melancholy and despair, forceable to draw forth tears of devotion, able both to move and moderate affections: The Bards thereby communicating Religion, Learning, and Civility to this wholenation. When it was asked, what made a good Musician? one answered, A good Voice; another, Skill; but a third more truly, Encouragement. Having omitted the Reverend Bishop Bridgeman among the suffering Prelates, it will be no offence to enter him among the discouraged Artists, he being as ingenious as he was gra●e; and a great Patron of those parts in others, that he was happy in himself, for those thirty years that he was Bishop of Chester, every year maintaining more or less hopeful young men in the University, and preferring good proficients out of it; by the same token, that some in these times, turned him out of his Livings, that he had raised into theirs. A good Benefactor to Chester, I think, the place of his Birth, as well as his Preferment; and to Brasen-nose-colledge oxen, the place of his Education; but a better, under God, to England, in his Son, the honourable Lord Chief Justice Bridgeman, a great sufferer in his Majesty's Cause, and a great honour to it, his moderation and equity being such in dispensing his Majesty's Law, that he seems to carry a kind of Chancery in his Breast in the Common-pleas; endearing, as well as opening, the Law to the people, as if he carried about him the King's Conscience, as well as his own; an instances that the Sons of married Clergymen, are as successful, as the Children of Men of other Professions, against the Romanists suggestion, who against Nature, Scripture, and Primitive Practice, forbid the Banes of Clergymen within their own jurisdiction, and be spatter them without; though they might observe, that the Sons of English Priests prove as good men generally, as the Nephews of Roman Cardinals. Dr. George Wild, a native of Devonshire, Scholar and Fellow of St. johns-colledge in Oxford, and Chaplain to Archbishop Laud at Lambeth; a great wit in the University, and a great wisdom in the Church; which in its persecutions he confirmed by his honest Sermons in Country and City, in public and private, particularly in his well-known 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Oratory in Fleetstreet, fitted for the Preaching of the Word, the Administering of the Sacrament, with a constant, solemn, and fervent use of the public Liturgy, encouraged by his cheerful spirit and converse; adorned with his great and gentile example of piety and charity, communicating with great care to others relief, that were Sequestered, Imprisoned, and almost Famished, what he himself by his great reputation and acquaintance received for his own maintenance; who hazarded himself by keeping correspondence beyond Sea most, yet suffered less than any (bold innocence is its own guard) only surprised sometimes to a few hours Confinement, and some week's Silence, when as it is said of Saint john Baptist, by Maldonate, miraculum nonfecit, magnum fuit; so it is written of him by his successor Bishop Mossom, Concionem non habuit magna fuit. He preached no Sermon, yet was he himself, in the pattern of patience and piety, a good Sermon, because Herod was afraid of this burning and shining light; he came not to execution himself for his Loyalty, because he feared not Herod; he attended all those, even the meanest, that went to it for their Conscience. When 1660. that year of his faith and prayers came, no doubt he had his choice, whether he would accept that Bishopric he had in Ireland, or an equal dignity in England; that which would have been the argument of another's refusal, was the very reason of his choice, even the difficulty of the service, and the sad state of that Church; and so he underwent that rudeness there (to the danger of his life) from those under him, that he had here from those above him; notwithstanding which he went on with continual Sermons, to feed the people's souls, and not their humours; a wholesome Discipline, that struck at their pertinacy, not their persons; and even course of Holiness and Devotion, made up of Fasting and Prayer, whereby he did 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 teach by the pattern of his Life, St. Basil apud D. Mossom. as well as the rules of his Doctrine, a generous and magnificent hospitality, entertaining all his Diocese civilly, that so unworthily (not knowing him, till they had lost him) entertained him; a diffusive charity (demonstrating that he sought them not theirs) to poor Widows, young Catechists, hopeful Scholars, needy Gentlemen, and others, his Pensioners at Derry, Dublin, and Faughen in Ireland; Glascow in Scotland; London, Oxford, and Cambridge in England; by which, and other parts of his Pastoral cares, his body and spirits were so wasted with pains and study in five years, that repairing as a Peer to a Parliament in Dublin 1665. he brought death in his face thither, and preparing himself very late on Christmas Eve that year, for a Sermon on Hag. 2. 7. and Sacrament the following day, at St Brides in the same City, he felt it by a Paroxysm, seizing his heart, whereof he died the Friday after, having received the holy Eucharist so cheerfully, as one assured of Life, having lived a Not making himself what he fore● warned others not to do; his preparation for death, his 〈◊〉 bed task. as one assured of Death, (saying, Thy will be done in earth, in terra mea, (with a Pathetic emphasis in my Body) being a pure Virgin, espoused only to Christ; and besides that, he laid out 5000 l. per annum since he was Bishop in charitable uses, and 200 l. per annum in Buildings; he bequeathed his whole Estate, save some of his best Folio Books, given to St. john's Coll. Oxon. to furnish their Library; and an 100l. towards the building of their Founders Tomb. To the poor, to whom he never gave any out of his purse in a Contribution of Charity, but (such his huge ingenuity, as well as his goodness) he gave something of himself also in a compassionate pity, yea, and something of his Office too, in a Benediction and Prayer. Dr. Warmestry, a Scholar of Westminster, Student of Christ-church, and at last Dean of Worcester; for which Diocese he was Clerk in the two Convocations 1640. In the first, warily avoiding what might be offensive to the people at that time, (as the sitting of the Convocation after the Parliament, and the making of new Canons, when the people could not be brought to observe the old ones.) And in the second, offering expedients to remove what had been so (according to the Levitical Law, covering the pit which they had opened) yet he that was so fearful to offend the multitude (while there was any hope of them) in things that her judged circumstantial, and prudential, was not afraid to be undone by them (when they grew desperate) for those things that he understood were essential. He was the Almoner-general of the noble Loyalists, the Confessor-general of Loyal Martyrs, and the Penitentiarygeneral for visiting the sick, very zealous in converting b So his book about Sigulor Dandiolo, converted by him, and the Rev●rend Dr. Gunning, Champion general of that Cause at that ●●ne. Infidels, very industrious in reclaiming the loose, very careful in comforting the sad, satisfying the doubtful, and establishing the wavering; very careful in preparing his flock for the Sacrament of the Lords c See his A●an●●l. called. The Box of Spikenard. Supper, and for death; and very cautious against giving any offence. He died at Worcester 1665. outdoing the Faction at their own Bow, Preaching. Mr. Humphrey Sydenham, born a good Gentleman at Dalverton in Somersetshire, bred F●llow of Wadham College in Oxford, so eloquent a Preacher (as it seems by his, The Athenian Babbler, and other admirable Sermons since published) that he was commonly called, The Silver-tongued Sydenham, but withal so honest a man, that he was in danger of being turned out in these times, as not fit (its the phrase of the times) to Preach the Gospel. As if wit, could be better employed any way, than to please men to heaven; and it were not as lawful to rescue that Divine thing, as well as Temples, Altars, Sacrifices from Satan's service, who hath usurped it so many ages to serve lusts to gods, who gave it to save souls. He died about 1651. happy in having the Tongue of Men and Angels, and Charity too, so that now he speaks Mysteries and Revelations. Dr. Michael Hudson, a Gentleman of great parts, and greater courage, hazarding himself to discover the strength of most of the Parliament Garrisons; attempting many of them, and taking some, being best acquainted with the ways and passes of England, of any person in his Majesty's Army. The reason why he conducted him so safely, having made many journeys before, between Newcastle and Oxford, about the terms of his security there, through his enemy's quarters to the Scots at Newcastle; and his Letters so securely to the Queen in France, till he was betrayed by a Cavalier Captain into his Enemy's hands, who imprisoned him three quarters of a year in London House, and after an escape thence, a year in the Tower, whence being permitted to take Physic in London, he got out (after a shrewd design to have taken the Tower) with a Basket of Apples on his Head, in a disguise, to the King at Hampton-Court, and from thence to Lincolnshires', where he raised a party for his Majesty, having engaged the Gentry of Norfolk and Suffolk in the like design, 1648. In the head of which, after quarter given, he was killed barbarously, june 6. at Wood-craft-house near Peterborough in Northamptonshire, being thrown down, when his Head was cloven asunder, into a Mote, and when he caught hold of a Spout, to save himself as he was falling, a Halbertier cuts off his Fingers; as others, now he was fallen into the Water, Swimming with one half of his Head over his Eyes, and begging to die at Land, knocked him on the Head, cutting off his Tongue and Teeth, and carrying them about the Country, the Trophies of their shame, but his immortal honour; who, besides his life, lost 2000 l. in a personal estate, and 900 l. a year, leaving his Wife and Children to the charity of noble persons, himself being not vouchsafed a grave, till an Enemy, of more wit and charity than his fellows, said, Since he is dead, let him be buried. THE Life and Death OF Sir RICHARD GURNEY, Sometime Lord Mayor of London. SIR Richard Gurney Knight and Baronet, born April 17. 1577. at Croyden in Surrey, was by his Majesty King Charles I. honoured with this Title, that he might be a pattern to the whole Nation: for Integrity and Loyalty, may be so to all persons of his quality, in every passage of his life. 1. To young Gentlemen (younger Sons to considerable Families) bound Apprentices in London, in this careful & obliging service, to Mr. Coleby a Silkman in Cheapside, who dying left him his Shop worth 6000 l. 2. To those happy men, that having gained estates in their younger days to serve themselves, should accomplish themselves against their riper years, to serve their Country, in his travels (upon his enusing on the foresaid estate) into France and Italy, where he improved himself; and (by observing the Trades of the respective Marts as he passed) laid the foundation of his future Traffic. 3. To single Persons, in his discreet Marriage into a Family [Mr. Sandfords] at that time commanding at once, most of the money, and by that most of the Nobility, Gentry, and great Tradesmen of England. 4. To Persons in a In most Legacies for ch●r●●able uses he was in hierome, the th●● p●●son generally concerned. Trust, in the faithful discharge of a joint power he, the Earls of Dorset and Essex were invested with, by a charitable person, of an 100000 l. deep, towards the buying of Impropriations, to be Legally, and bona fide, laid to the Church. 5. To Magistrates, going through all Offices in the places he lived in, a Benefactor in each place; particularly to his Company, the Cloath-workers, whereof he was Warden; to the Hospital of St. bartholomew's, whereof he was Wa●den; and to the City, whereof he was Alderman, Sheriff, and Lord Mayor; promoting the Loans the King had occasion for, advancing the Commission of Array, when the Kingdom's condition required it; entertaining his Majesty (4000 l. deep at his own charge) when he knew how much his Majesty's b I● his Magnificent rec●pt●●● upon his return from Scotland, besides that, he assisted his Majesty in levying ●u●nage and Poundage, and Ship-money sup effect unlawful Assemblies and Petitions, quashing ●ll 〈◊〉 was motions at Common counsel. reputation would gain in the Country, by the appearance of a good correspondence between him and the City. Appeasing the tumults, when 63. years of age, one night, with 30. or 40. Lights, and a few Attendants (whereof his Son-in-law Sir john Pettus was one) rushing suddenly out of the house upon thousands, with the City Sword drawn, who immediately retired to their houses, and gave over their design. In countenancing his Majesty's legal Proclamations, and neglecting the Conspiracies traitorous Ordinances; offering the King (as Sir john Pettus assumed me, who went many times a day, in those times, from Sir Richard to his Majesty, and from his Majesty back again to Sir Richard) to stand upon the Privileges of the City with his Majesty against the Faction, as they stood upon the Privileges of Parliament against him; refusing to appear out of the Liberties of the City before the Parliament, till he was commanded to do so by the King● whom he would obey with his ruin;) when besides a long attendance at his own charge, the City not contributing a farthing towards it not to this day, in the House of Peers (who sent for him, every day in a whole month, with his Counsel, on purpose to undo him) he was deprived of Mayoralty, Honour, and all capacity of bearing any Office in the Kingdom; kept seven years' Prisoner in the Tower, refusing to pay the 5000 l. imposed upon him for his Liberty (urging, that by the Law of the Land, he should not suffer twice for the same fault) Plundered, Sequestered, and Troubled, by several seizures of Estates and Debts, not ended till 57 after it had gone through 13. Committees● to him and his heirs the Right Honourable the Lord Richardson, and the Right Worshipful Sir john Pettus his Lady, to the loss of 40000 l. He died Oct. 6. in the year of our Lord 1647. and of his age 69. being buried at Olaves-Iury, London, with the Lyturgy, in the very reign of the Directory: His Loyal Relations so ordering it, that the Coaches should stop all passages into the Church, and that three Orthodox Ministers should attend at the Grave, one ready upon the least disturbance to go on, where the other had been interrupted; that he might have the benefit of that decent Order, when dead, which he maintained, when alive. Famous Walwin added a Dagger to the City Arms, for stabbing one Rebel. What deserved renowned Gurney, that if backed by Authority, had stabbed Rebellion itself? Sir Nicholas Crisp a Citizen, and a Citizen's Son, having a great Estate by his Birth and Marriage, raised it by his Parts, whereby besides his interest at the Custom-house, he projected such a Trade to Guinia and other parts before the Wars, as would have been worth to him 50000 l. a year; and to Holland, France, Spain, ●●aly, Norway, Turkey, and Muscovy in the Wars, as was worth to the King (though wand'ring up & down his Kingdom) and forced away from his great Mart, 100000 l. yearly, Sir Nicholas keeping most Ports open for his Majesty's occasions, Ships ready for his service, and a Correspondence between him, and London, Bristol, etc. and all other parts very useful for his Affairs; neither was he less active in the Field as Colonel (having trained up himself in the City Militia for the service of the Kingdom) in leading armed men; then at Court, as Counsellor to raise and arm them; commanding a Regiment of Horse he himself had raised and paid. The Polypus puts not on more shapes to deceive the Fisher, than Sir Nicholas did to escape those that laid snares for him; one while you should meet him with thousands in Gold, another while in his way to Oxford riding in a pair of Panniars like a Butter-woman going to Market, at other times he was a Porter carrying on his Majesty's Interest (especially in the design of Mr. chaloner and Thomkins) in London, he was a Fisherman in one place, and a Merchant in another. The King would say of him, that he was a man of a clear head, that by continual Agitation of thoughts went on smoothly in his business, sticking not at any difficulties: all the succours the King had from his Queen and others beyond Sea, especially from Holland, came through his hands, and most of the relief he had at home was managed by his conveyance: neither was he less valiant than prudent, his heart being as good as his head; For after he had bravely Convoyed the Train of Artillery from Oxford to Bristol, and was Sept. 1643. quartered at Rouslidge near Gloucester a Person of Quality in the Country, but of no Command in the Army, Sir james Envyon, not only incommoded his quarters, in which particular he was very civil to him; but because he would not draw up his Regiment to satisfy a friend of his about some Horses that were stolen there, offering to take all other care to find them (that way for many reasons being by him proved inconvenient) sent him a challenge, adding, that if he met him not, he would Pistol him against the wall: Sir Nicholas met, to offer him all Christian satisfaction in the world, which not being accepted, many passes Sir james made at him; he in his own defence (much against his will, and to his grief to his dying day) happened to run him through; yet making his peace with him while he lived, and offering himself upon a trial by a noble Counsel of War, by whom after an affixer set, and a Proclamation for any person to come in and prosecute him, none appearing, he was quitted Oct. the second 1643. His pious Relations at London something misled, I think by some modern Preachers (more taken with the seriousness of their preaching and praying, than the irregularity of their proceedings) befriended him with the Parliament, during the Usurpation, as he did them with his Majesty after the Restauration, having been thousands out of purse to his Majesty's Father before the Wars in Custom-house, he had a considerable interest in the farming of it since; (having a peculiar faculty of advancing Trade, and consequently Tallage) till he died 1666. his body being buried in Mildred a His Kins●os the accomplished M. Crisp of C. C. C. Oxon. and Moral Philosophy Lecturer, preaching at his Funeral 〈◊〉 Grand. 〈◊〉 the R. ●●●hipfal Sir 〈◊〉 crisp en●●●● his Estate. Breadstreet, with his Ancestors; and his heart at a Chapel in Hammersmith, built at his Charge. He was well known by his large heart in inventing some new kind of Benefaction there, as he was by his large head in finding out new Inventions; having done many good works in and about the City while he lived, and left considerable Legacies there when he died. Deserving a Marble Monument for his new way of making Brick, and an Epitaph as clear as he could speak, for the obscure way safe to himself and friends, though dark to his foes, he had to write; expressing himself in these sad times as O. P. whose abilities were not to be gathered from his words any more than his meaning; save that the more entangled they were, they were the more judicious: his Interest obliging him to a Reserve, for he durst neither clearly own his thoughts, nor totally disclaim them; but opening them with such advantages, that he was neither mistaken by his friends, nor understood by his enemies. We must not separate Sir Nicholas Crisp, from the Worshipful Sir john jacob his partner, both in the Farming of the Custom-house, and his sufferings about them, a man ever forward to assist his Majesty, saying, What! shall I keep my Estate, and see the King want where withal to protect it? if it please God to bless the King, though I give him all I have, I can be no loser; if not, though I keep all, I can be no saver; and to relieve the Clergy, valuing more their Prayers and Gods blessing, than his own Estate: employing under him only those honest Cavaliers that suffered with him. On whose Grave and Sir Abraham Dawes, whose misfortues for his Integrity and Loyalty, are recompensed in the blessing of his Posterity; both his Children and grandchildren flourishing in an Honourable and Worshipful Estate in Surrey, endued with excellent Parts, good and obliging Tempers, a great Reputation, and considerable Estates, whereby they are as able to serve their present Sovereign, as their Ancestor was the Father, who when discouraged to advance his share of the 100000 l. with Sir N. C. Sir I. I. Sir I. W. the King had need of, with threatenings that he should re-imburse it or as much to the Parliament, answered no more, But that is the worse that can happen, God be thanked I love my Allegiance so well, that I cannot only pay it, but pay for it. And the Worshipful Sir john Wolstenholm, still (by the blessing of God upon his cheerful spirit, which is the result of a good nature and a good Conscience) surviving all his sufferings, and doing his Majesty and the Kingdom eminent service in the great Trust a With Sir John Shaw, this great saffer●● and noble Personage; the most public spirited Sir Rob. Viner in the Custom-house. committed to him, though almost eighty years of Age, with incredible activity and dispatch; eminent for his exemplary Hospitality and Charity, his great care to keep a good understanding in the City, and his readiness to encourage any public good work, tenderly ask for Zion College and other ruined places (as my good friend Mr. Whitle Secretary of the Custom-house, who is never wanting to speak a good word for a good work, hath often told me) to which he hath been formerly a good Benefactor. I may say of him as Mr. Crashaw doth of Mr. Aston. THe modest front of this small floor, Believe me Reader, can say more Than many a braver Marble can; Here lies a truly honest man. One whose Conscience was a thing, That troubled neither Church nor King; One of those few that in this Town, Honoured all Preachers; heard their own. Sermons he heard, yet not so many As left no time to practise any. He heard them Reverendly, and then His practice preached them o'er again. His Parlor-Sermons rather were Those to the Eye, than to the Ear. His prayers took their price and strength, Not from the loudness, nor the length. He loved his Father, yet his Zeal, Tore not off his Mother's Veil. To th' Church he did allow her Dress, True Beauty, to true Holiness. Peace, which he loved in Life, did lend Her hand to bring him to his End. Sir Martin Noel, Farmer of part of the Customs, born at Stafford in Stafford-shire, and dying in Bishopsgate London, was very like Sir Nicholas Crisp in the activity of a designing spirit, being in all forty several Inventions for Trade: and the Charity of a public one, having built and endowed a fair Hospital in the Town of his Nativity, one of the first in that kind in that Country (and he drew the first Letter with a flourish, being bred a Scrivener) while he lived, besides what he left when he died 1665. and was buried by his own order at old jury Church, with only the Office in the Common-prayer said at his Funeral, and the Book put into his Grave. Sir Edmund Wright, Lord Mayor 1640. Memorable for his Justice to one Clergyman in his Office, (Mr. Chestlen of Sr. Matthews Fryday-street) molested by a combination in the Parish, to pay him no Tithe to weary him out, and bring Burton (now brought home in a bold affront to public justice) in who appealing to him according to the Statute 37 Hen. 8. found him so resolvedly honest, that when Pennigton threatened him to stave him off from doing justice, he replied, What, shall I be afraid to do justice! and ordered him his Tithes, pursuing his order so far, as to commit them to the Goal without Bail or mainprise, that refused to submit to that order, till two of the then House of Commons took the Prisoners out of Newgate by force, whither they were sent by Law;) and his Charity to all Clergymen, deprived of their places out of it. Sir Abraham Reynardson, Lord Mayor 1648. and Imprisoned in the Tower two months, for not consenting to his Majesty's murder, and the alteration of the Government (which proved the end of that War which Sir Richard Gurney so seasonably would have prevented in the beginning of it) and not discharged till he had paid 2000 l. fine; and (as far as lay in his enemies, who had destroyed the foundation of honour) lost his honour in a way that increased it. In reference to whom, be it remembered that his Lady would not suffer the messenger that brought the Proclamation for abolishing Kingly Government so much as to drink in her house, John Soams of Orpinham Norfolk 1430l. bidding him be gone to his Masters for his wages. Sir Thomas Soams a Stephen Soams of Throwlon Suffolk Esq 800l. and Alderman Chambers, who repented heartily that ever he had any thing to do with Fowks in opposing the King's Customs, for absenting themselves, and justifying their conscientious refusal of the latter Oaths from former, were then degraded in the City, and forced to retire out of it. Alderman Culham, (whom I think they used to call the Queen's Knight) and Alderman Gibs b Sir Henry Gibbs and Thomas his Son, paid for composition 517l. by attending their own Affairs in the Country, escaped the snares laid for their Consciences in the City. Sir George Whitmore, c See his Funeral Sermon at the end of M. Faringdons' Sermons, that preached it. He was born at Charley in Shrop-shire, his Father was Mr. William Whitmore who was a great Benefactor of the Haberdasher's Company London. was till his death 1658. as great a support to, and sufferer for his Majesty's Government in his habitation at Middlesex, as Sir Thomas Whitmore at Auley in Shrop-shire, his Conscience having cost him (who being very aged, would say, that he could serve his Majesty only with his Purse) 15000 l. as Sir Thomas his Allegiance, besides Plunders, Decimations, and infinite troubles, did 5000 l. many Orthodox Ministers, and distressed Gentlemen were his Pensioners during his life, more his Legates at his death; when he bestowed as much money in Charitable uses on the City as he brought to it. Having been a great instrument to promote the repair of Paul's begun in his Mayrolty 1631. a great Benefactor towards the repair of other Churches. Men, these for show, as the Mulberry-tree, the most backward of any to put forth leaves, and the most forward in bringing forth fruit of good works for sincerity. Sir john Gair, Sir George Binion, ● Gentleman, that hath done and suffered much, must not be forgotten, whose ho● sal Highgate was pulled dow●●o the ground. Lord Mayor of London 1646. when he lost his liberty, hazarded his Estate, yea and his life in the defence of the City, and in it of the Kingdom. A Gentleman of very discerning judgement, impartial intigrity, pressing the Parliament to do what they fought for that is, bring home the King and though of a tender disposition, yet of a resolute, severely just spirit, being wont to say, that a foolish pity is cruelty, deserving the testimony given him at his death, that his place did not so much honour him as he his place. Zealous was he in his attendance in the Houses of prayer in that way of Worshipping the God of his Fathers, which the Faction called Popery, and the Papists Heresy, all his life; and very bountiful towards the repair of them when he died: singular was his Reverence in hearing God's word, and affectionate his respect to the dispensers of it, and that not in Compliment, but relief of those whom he thought Orthodox, and found necessitous, to whom (besides many particular and liberal Supplies by his own hand) he bequeathed an 100 l. by his Executors. A faithful friend, and a just dealer, he must needs be in his public commerce among men, being so sincere in his private Communion and secret Devotion with God, to which he often retired, professing to the Right Worshipful Sir Robert Abdy his Son-in-law; O how glad he was of his frequent wake in the night, since thereby he had opportunity to praise his God, and pray for the settlement of this miserably distracted Church and Kingdom. He died at his house july the 20 th'. 1649. and was buried at St. Katherine Creechurch August 14. following, having left 500 l. for the yearly Clothing of the poor of Plymouth where he was born, 200 l. to Creechurch Parish, where he lived, besides various other Gifts to several Hospitals, Releasing of Prisoners, and the like, and 500l. given Christs-Hospital when he was Precedent of it. Being of opinion that he must do in his life, what should comfort him at his death, for when his friends that stood by him on his deathbed minded him of making his peace with God, he answered, That old Age and Sickness, were no fit times to make peace with Heaven, blessing God that his peace was not then to make. Sir George Stroud of Clarkenwell, a Gentleman that performed good service to his Majesty in time of Peace, whereof he was one of the Conservators in Middlesex, and therefore much trusted by him in the time of War, when he was one of the Commissioners a Being the second in the Commission brought to London by the Lady Aubigney. of Array for London, by the one much restraining the lewdness of the Suburbs (for the filthiness of London, as of jerusalem is in its skirts) by the other endeavouring to suppress the tumults. Pity it was he should suffer many thousands loss for his Loyalty, (besides tedious Imprisonments) who gave so many hundreds away in Charity, in weekly Contributions to the Parishes of St. Sepulchers, St. james Clerken-well, etc. while he lived there; and in yearly allowance to those Parishes in the Suburbs, and to the Hospitals, and Prisons in London. A devout man, that made Conscience of preparing himself for the highest Comfort, as well as Mystery of our Religion, the holy Eucharist; and therefore left 6 l. a year for a monthly Sermon on the Friday before the first Sunday in the month at Clerken-well, ● find in the Catalogue of Compounders, this Note, Sir George Stroud of Squeriers Kent 2814l. H. Strode of Ditsham Devon. 184 l. J●an Stroud and George her Son of Stoke under Hampden Somerset Gent. 365 l Jo. Stroud of Parneham Dorset Esq 470l And I find Mr. Stroud an eminent Voluntier 〈◊〉 in in the first battle of Newber●●. (where he is buried) to prepare others. A very great Patron to Orthodox men in the late troubles, as the Heir of his Estate and Virtues, is of sober men since. In a word, he was Sir julius Caesar's friend, and second in Piety and Charity. Sir Paul Pindar, first a Factor, than a Merchant, next a Consul, and at last an Ambassador in Turkey, whence returning, he repaired the Entry, Front, and Porches of St. Paul's Cathedral to the Upper Church, Choir, and Chancel, enriching them with Marble, Structures, and Figures of the Apostles, and with Carving and Gildings far exceeding their former beauty, to the value of 2000 l. an action so Christian, that King james would say, It was the work of a good man; for which, and his great skill in Trade he made him one of his great Farmers of the Custom-house, and he in gratitude laid out 17000. pound more upon the South Isle of that Church in the beginning of King Charles his Reign, and lent his Majesty 3000 l. besides 9000 l. he gave him to keep up the Church of England in the latter end of his Reign. A Projector (such necessary evils then countenanced) and he a Clergyman too, informed King james how to get himself full Coffers, by raising first Fruits and Tenths (under-rated forsooth in the King's books) to a full value: The King demands the Lord Treasurer Branfields' judgement thereof, he said, Sir you are esteemed a great lover of Learning, you know clergymen's Education is Chargeable, their preferment slow and small; let it not be said that you gain by grinding them; other ways less obnoxious to just censure, will be found out to furnish your occasions. The King commended the Treasurer (as having only tried him) adding moreover, I should have accounted thee a very Knave, if encouraging me herein. But he sends for a Sir Paul Pindar rent the Mine-Royal of Alum for 15000l. paying 800● men a day by Sea and Land constant Salaries. Sir P. Pindar, and tells him he must either raise the Customs, or take this course; Sir Paul answered him nobly, That he would lay 30000 l. at his feet the morrow, rather than he should be put upon such poor projects, as unsuitable to his honour, as to his inclination. Go thy way (saith the King) thou art a good man. So that he might have said when persecuted and imprisoned as our Saviour, Io. 10. 32. when reviled; for which of my good deeds. Sir Christopher Cletherow, a great stickler for the Church, and a great Benefactor to it; a great honourer of Clergymen in the best times, to b Dr Paul my Lord of Ely. whom some of his nearest Relations were married in the worst; espousing their Persons as well as their Cause. He was careful by Industry in getting his Estate, and forward by Charity to bestow it, having learned the best derivation of dives a dividendo, dividing much of his Estate among those that were indigent. He was much intent upon the clearing and cleansing of the River Thames from Sholes, Sands, and other obstructing impeachments that might drain dry, or divert it; so as they might not leave it to Posterity, as they found it conveyed to them by their Fathers, to Ease, Adore, and enrich, feed, and fortify the City, to which we may apply the Miller's Riddle. If I have Water, I will drink Wine, But if I have no Water, I must drink Water. Sir Henry Garraway, Sheriff of London 1628. and Lord Mayor 1639. effectually suppressed the Tumults at Lambeth, when he was a Magistrate; (executing the Ringleaders, and imprisoning the promoters of that Sedition, clearing the streets with his Presence, and awing the combination with his Orders) and zealously opposed the Rebellion at London, when a private man For those smart words in a Speech at Guild-Hall, These are strange courses my Masters, they secure our Bodies, to preserve our Liberty; they take away our Goods, to maintain Popery; and what can we expect in the end, but that they should hang us up, to save our lives! he was tossed as long as he lived from prison to prison, and his Estate conveyed from one rebel to another: He dying of a grievous fit of the Sun, used to say, I had rather have the Stone in my Bladder, than where some have it in the Heart. That was the case of Sir Edward Bromfield, who was made a prey by the Factious after his Mayoralty 1636. for keeping a Alderman Abel, an active projecto with Mr. Kilvert 〈◊〉 his Majesty, and a great sufferer with him. a strict hand over them during it, being troubled as was Alderman Abel, for what he levied of the Sope-money, Ship-money, and Customs in his Office immediately after it. Honest Alderman Avery, and the Aldermen john and George Garnet, men of that public honesty, that they hated Caesar's temper, who said, Melior causa Cassii, sed denegare Bruto nihil possum, private respects swaying nothing with them in public Trusts: of very private Devotions, knowing well the Import of the good Fathers saying, Non est vera Religio cum templo relinquitur; pitying the Controversies of our ages, which they looked upon as children's falling out and fight about the Candle, till the Parents come in and take it away, leaving them to decide the differences in the dark; fearing that those who would not be such good Protestants now as they might be, should not dare to be so good Christians (the common Enemy coming in upon us through our breaches) as they should. Good Benefactors to Churches, that we might repair at lest what our Fathers built. Mr. Thomas Bowyer, whose Grandfather b Living in Olaves Jury London, where, which is much in London, his Posterity lived to a third Generation. Be it here recorded, that Sir Tho, Bowye● of Leathorne Suss. paid 2033 l. besides many Immunities. Francis Bowyer, Sheriff of London 1577. obliged the Church of England much under the Romish persecution under Queen Mary, in saving and conveying away one eminent servant of God. Dr. Alexander Nowell; as he did in the Genevian Persecution in King Charles his time, in relieving many, keeping above forty Orthodox Ministers Widows in constant pay all his life, and leaving an 100 l. to be divided among twenty at his death, besides a competent provision, left by him to relieve ten Seamen maimed in Merchant's service, to put ten poor, but hopeful youths forth to Apprenticeships; and to maintain the poor of several Parishes, besides private Charities which my hand cannot write, because though both his were gi●ving hands, yet his right hand knew not what his left gave. Zea●lously he asserted the Doctrine and Discipline of our Church, and piously did he retire (by a chaste coelibacy all his life, and by giving over his secular affairs some years before his death) to her devotion; much delighting to hear honest men, and more to converse with them: He died Feb. 8. and was buried Feb. 22. 1659. at Olaves Iury. Richard Edes, and Marmaduke Roydon Esq Mr. Thomas Brown, Mr. Peter Paggon, Mr. Charles jenning's, Mr. Edward Carleton, a 〈…〉 Mr. Robert Abbot, Sir Andrew King, Mr. William White, Mr. Stephen Balton● Mr. Robert Aldem, Mr. Edmund Foster, Mr. Thomas Blinkhorn belonging to Sir Nicholas Crisp, no other Memorial than that Commission of great importance sent them 1643. to London, by the Lady D' Aubigney to their lasting honour; and executed by them as far as it was possible to their great danger. Mr. jefferson, Mr. Austin, Mr. Bedle, Mr. Batty, Mr. Long, Mr. Lewis, all of Broadstreet Ward, Mr. Blunt, Mr. Wright, Mr. Drake, Mr. Walter, etc. refusing to contribute Arms towards the Rebellion, and so were disarmed themselves. Mr. john Crane, a native of Wisbich Cambridgeshire, and Apothecary in Cambridge-town, with whom Dr. Butler of Clare-hall lived himself, and to whom he left most of his estate, with which he would entertain openly, all the Oxford Scholars at the Commencement, and relieve privately all distressed Royalists during the Usurpation; and whereof, he bestowed 3000 l. to charitable uses, whereof 200 l. to two Bishops, Bishop Wren, and Bishop Brownrigge, 500 l. to forty Orthodox Ministers, his fair house to the Cambridge Professor of Physic, the rest equally and discreetly on b T● which 〈…〉 Wisbich, where he was born; Lyn, where he was well acquainted; Ipswich, where Dr. Butler was born; Kingston, where his estate lay; and Cambridge, where he lived; where observing the bad effects of naughty fish and fowls, bought for the University, he gave 200 l. to be lent gratis to an honest man, the better to enable him to buy good. He died, May 1650. Mr. William Collet, the faithful and methodical keeper of the Records in the Tower, which he neither washed, to make them look clear; nor corrected, to make them speak plain. Mr. Selden and others entertain us with a feast of English rarities, whereof Mr. William Collet is the Caterer. He was born at Over in Cambridge-shire, bred a Clerk in London, and died beloved, and miss by all Antiquaries in the Tower, 1644. Mr. Edward Norgate, Son to Dr. R. Norgate, Master of C. C. C. and Son-in-law to Dr. Felton, Bishop of Ely, encouraged in his natural inclination to Limning and Heraldry, lest he might (by a force upon nature) be diverted to worse, became the best Illuminer, and Herald of his age; wherefore, and because he was a right honest man, the Earl of Arundel employed him to Italy for some Pictures; whence returning by Marseilles, he missing the money he looked for, and walking up and down melancholy in the walk of that City, was thus accosted by a civil Monsieur, who (upon the relation of his condition) said, Take I pray my counsel, I have taken notice of your walking more than twenty miles a day, in one furlong upwards and downwards; and what is spent in needless going and returning, if laid out in progressive motion, would bring you into your own Country; I will suit you (if so pleased) with a light habit, and furnish you with competent money for a Footman. A counsel and kindness that was taken accordingly. He died 1649. leaving several Manuscripts to several friends to publish, but (as Aristotle saith against Plato's community of Wives, and the educating of Children at a charge) what is every man's work, is no man's work. Sir Simon Baskervile, and Dr. Vivian, two Natives, and Physicians, I think, of Exeter City in Devon-shire, and Studients of Exeter College in Oxford; that never took Fee of an Orthodox Minister under a Dean, nor of any suffering Cavalier under a Gentleman of an 100 l. a year, but with Physic to their bodies (as Dr. Hardy saith, of the worthy, honest, and able Dr. Alexander Burnet, of Lime-street, London; a good Neighbour, a cordial Friend, a careful Physician, and a bounteous Parishioner, who died 1665. and deserveth to be remembered) generally gave relief to their necessities. Anthony Lord Grace, a 〈…〉 the eighth Earl of Kent, was a conformable Minister of the Church of England, at Burback in Leicester●shire, 1939. when he was called, as Earl of Kent, to be a Peer of the Parliament of England at Westminster: The Emperor Sigismond Knighting a Doctor of Law, saw him slight the Company of Doctors, and associate with Knights, when smiling at him, he said, I can make many Knights at my pleasure, when indeed I cannot make one Doctor. This Earl excused his attendance on the Parliament by his Indisposition, not liking their proceedings; and continued in the Church-service, approving its Doctrine and Discipline; for which he was looked on with an evil eye, and by God with a gracious one; for making, like a Diamond set in gold, his greatness a support to goodness, his Honours not changing his Manners; and the mortified Man being no more affected with the addition of Titles, than a Corpse with a gay Coffin. Of which temper was Mr. Simon Lynch, born at Groves in Staple-Parish in b December 156●. Kent, bred in Queen's College in Cambridge, and made by Bishop Ailmer his Kinsman, Minister of North Weale, a small Living, then worth 40 l. a year, in the foresaid County; with this Encouragement, Play Cousin with this a while, till a better comes; who proffering him Brent-wood-weal, three times better afterwards, had this answer, That he preferred the Weal of his Parishioners souls before any Weal whatsoever. Living there 64. years (where he kept a good House, and brought up 40. Children) and dying 1656. Mr. joseph Diggons, bred in Clare-hall Cambridge, in the Reverend Dr. Paskes time, for whose sake he gave that Hall 130 l. per annum, as he did for the King and Church's sake (for which he had suffered as much as a wary man could) 700 l. to distressed Royalists. Sir Oliver Cromwell, who having made the greatest entertainment to King james, that was ever made Prince by a Subject, at his house at Hinchinbrooke Huntingtonshire, having been the most honest dealer in the world, no man that bought Land of him being put to three pence charge to make good his Title: Was, to his cost a Loyal Subject, beholding the Usurpation of his Nephew, Godson, and Names Sake, with scorn and contempt. He died 1654. Sir Francis Nethersole, born at Nethersole in Kent, bred at Trinity College, Cambridge, Orator of the University, Ambassador to the Princes of the Union, Secretary to the Queen of Bohemia, eminent in his actions and sufferings for the Royal Family, and disposing what great misfortunes left him, to erect a School at Polesworth in Warwickshire, for the Education of such as might serve their Sovereign as faithfully as he did his. Mr. Chettam, born at Cromsal in Lancashire, a diligent reader of Orthodox men's works, and hearer of their Sermons, the effect whereof was his exemplary loyalty and charity, giving 7000 l. for the Education of forty poor children at Manchester from six to fourteen years of age, with Diet, Lodging, Apparel, and Instruction; 1000 l. to buy a Library, 100 l. towards the building of a case for it, and 200 l. to buy honest and sober books, for the Churches and Chapels round about Manchester, leaving Dr. johnson, lately Sub-Almoner, and an Orthodox man, one of his feoffs; and very Loyal Citizens, his Executors. Mr. Alexander Strange, Bachelor of Divinity, born in London, bred in a Peter-house. Cambridge, Minister of the Church of England at Layston, and Prebend of St. Paul's; who built a Chapel, and contributed towards a Free-School in Bunting-field a Mark-town belonging to the said Layston, giving for his Motto (when he had laid the foundation, before he was well furnished to finish it) Beg hard, or beggared. He went to enjoy the peace he loved to make (by being the no less prosperous than painful, in compounding all differences among his neighbours) Decemb. 8. Anno Domini 1650. Aetatis 80. Mr. Michael Vivan, a loyal, and therefore persecuted Minister in Northumberland, at the hundred and tenth year of his age, when much broken with changes and alterations, between those that would not leave their old Mumpsimus, and those that were for their new Sumpsimus, had of a sudden his Hair come again as white and flaxen as a child's, a new Set of Teeth, his Eyesight and strength recovered, beyond what it was fifty years before, us an eye-witness hath attested Septemb. 28. 1657. who saw him then read Divine Service without his Spectacles, and heard him preach an excellent Sermon without Notes. And being asked by the said Gentleman, how he preached so well with so few books as he had, and lived so cheerfully with so few acquaintance; answered, Of Friends and Books, good, and few are best. Mr. Grigson, a Citizen of Bristol, who notwithstanding that he paid 300 l. for his Allegiance, bestowed as much more on charitable uses, saying, He liked only that Religion, that relieved men when poor; not that which made them so, in those times: when it is a puestion which was sadder, That they had so many Poor, or that they had made so many Rich. Mr. R. Dugard Bachelor of Divinity, a native of Craston-Fliford in Worcestershire, a Kings-Scholar (under Mr. Bright, whom he always mentioned as gratefully, as Mr. Calvin did his Master Corderius) at Worcester, Fellow of Sidney-colledge in Cambridge. An excellent Grecian, and a general Scholar, the greatest Tutor of his time, breeding young Gentlemen with a gentle strict hand (neither cockering them with indulgence, nor discouraging them with severity) in the mean between Superstition and Faction, zealously did he promote the King's Cause to satisfy his conscience; yet warily, so as to secure himself to be a good Benefactor to his College (giving it 120 l. and the Library 10 l.) and a good help to the distressed Cavaliers, till he died, january 28. 1653. Vir pius, Doct us integer, frugi de republica Eccles●a optime meritus, Vtpote quam utram instruxit affatim numerosa pube literaria. Mr. Harrison of Leedes, of whom I may say, in reference to the Doctrine and Devotion of our Church, as it is said of Aquinas, in reference unto Aristotle; That the Genius and Spirit of them was transplanted into him, so naturally did he express them in his life, and so bountifully relieve the assertors of them out of his estate; giving many a pound privately to maintain Temples of the Holy-Ghost, distressed throughout the kingdom; and some hundreds to enlarge and repair the Church of God at Leeds, notwithstanding the Sequestration of his Estate, and the many troubles of his person; for which build him a house, make him fruitful and fortunate in his posterity. Mr. George Sandys, youngest Son of Archbishop Sandys, a most accomplished Gentleman, and observant Traveller, who having seen many Countries, after the Vote for the Militia, liked worst of any, his own; and having translated many good Authors, was translated himself to heaven, 1643. having a Soul as Vigorous, Spriteful, and Masculine, as his Poems; (dextrous at Inventing, as well as Translating; and in being an Author himself, as setting out others) till drooping to see in England more barbarous things than he had seen in Turkey; It was, for grief, forced to make another, and its last Voyage to the most Holy-land. THE Life and Death OF The most Illustrious and Heroic JAMES GRAHAM, Marquis of Montross. A Man born to make his Family the most Noble, as it was the most Ancient in Scotland, where his Grandfather was Lord Chancellor in King james his Reign, and his Father Ambassador to several Princes, and Lord Precedent of the Sessions in King Charles his Reign. He being bred a Soldier, and Captain of the Guard in France, was by Hamilton invited over into England, to address himself to his Majesty, while his Majesty was on design to disoblige him, possessed with prejudice against him. Upon this affront (he thought) from the King he goeth to the Covenanters, whose interest he promoted much, by the respect he had in that Country, and the abilities he was Master of himself; till hearing a muttering amongst them upon the Borders of deposing his Majesty, he waiting a just opportunity, sent Letters of his submission to him, which were stolen out of the King's pocket, and sent to the Scots, and resolutions for him; in pursuit whereof, after his return upon the Pacification, he form a League among the Loyal Nobility and Gentry, to prevent the storm arising from the Covenant entered into by the people, and after a tedious Imprisonment at Edinburgh (all transactions between him and his Majesty being discovered by some of the Bedchamber) 1643. came Post a The Lord Ogle●y was one 〈◊〉 much, who with several of his Family suffered a tedious imprisonment after●●wards. with the Lord Ogleby to the Queen, then newly landed at Bridlington, to open to her the danger Scotland was in, if his Majesty armed not his loyal Subjects in time, before the Rebels raised themselves; wherein he was overborne by Hamiltons' Counsel, as his was afterwards by the Rebels: and afterwards (having dived more into the Covenanters design (by being thought for the affronts put upon him at Court, and his retirement thereupon, inclined toward them) to the King at Gloucester, b And that he had hindered them last Summer, but could not do it any longer. to discover to him the Scots resolution to assist the English (discovered by Henderson to him with a design to satisfy him) which the King (abused by Hamilton) believed not, till Hamilton himself writes that they were upon the Borders. When my Lord advising his Majesty to send some Soldiers out of Ireland into the West of Scotland, to set him with some Yorkshire Horse into the heart of that Kingdom, to deal with the King of Denmark for some Germane Horse, to furnish him with Arms from Foreign parts, and to put a Touchstone Protestation to all the Scots about his Majesty, entered Scotland with some 1400 poor Horse and Foot, relieving several Garrisons, and taking in some in his way, though all assistance failed him but that of his own great spirit; commending a design from which all men dissuaded him, to its own Justice and God's blessing upon it; knowing he must perish, resolved to die honourably: and seeing his men fickle, returned them to the King, keeping only two with him (able and honest a 〈…〉 Sir William Rollock, and Mr. Chibbalds') wi●h whom he traversed Scotland, to understand the state of it; and at last form a few Irish sent over, and the Athol men who loved him well, into a Body, both to encourage his Friends, and amaze his Enemies, who were astonished to see him whom they thought to be penned up with a few ragged men on the Borders of England, marching so formidably in the heart of Scotland, as to ●ight 600● Foot, and 700 Horse, (who were so confident of beating him, that one Frederick Carmichael, a cried up Scots Minister, said in his Sermon, Sept. 1. when they fought, that if ever God spoke word of truth out of his mouth, he promised them in his name, assured victory that day) by Perth, without one Horse, and but Powder for two Charges, which he ordered to be made in the Enemy's teeth, with a shout (all the Ranks one over the head of the other discharged at once) and to be followed by the Irish, whom he placed in the main Body of his men, to secure them from the Scottish Horse; (against whom, lest they should fall on him in the Front, Rear, and Flank, he drew his men in the most open Order) after a gracious b 〈…〉 invitation to them to lay down their Arms and join with him in settling the Peace of their Country, he routed them, to the loss of 4000 taken and slain, and 7 miles' pursuit, and the taking of Perth without the least harm to the obstinate Citizens: and after that with 1500 Foot and 44 Horse, overthrew the Commissioners of the Covenanters, with their Army of 4000 Foot, and 600 Horse, Sept. 12. 1644. falling in amongst them, having ●lanked his Foot with his few, but brave Horse, with great execution to Aberdeen; whence recovering the North, he sent to bring in his Friends, and force his Enemies to his assistance, holding a great Army of Argyles of 11000 Foot and 2000 Horse in play, with such c 〈…〉 success that they supplied him with Ammunition, and lost in two Skirmishes 2000 men (notwithstanding that Argyle by his subtlety had corrupted most of his prime men from him) and at last by a surprising march over untrodden d 〈…〉 places, frighted all Argyles Foot into a dispersion, the Traitor himself hardly escaping to Perth● (leaving his own Country to my Lord's mercy, who blessed God that ever he got safe out of it) as he did 5000 more which Argyle● had got together in the Lowlands to rescue his Country, coming by strange passages (known only to Cow-herds and Huntsmen) upon them unawares, and overcoming e 〈…〉 them first by his power, and afterwards by his kindness, whereby he subdued all those parts, either to their Allegiance, or (their little God Argyles power being now disparaged by two defeats) to Peace; dispersing several parties, taking in several a Particu●larly Dundee, the nest of the Reb●llien. Garrisons; challenging Bayly and the Covenanters whole Army, (maugre the treacherous revolts of his men, and eminent friends every day) and making a noble Retreat (notwithstanding that all passes were stopped) by wheeling dextrously up and down without any rest three days and nights, with the most undaunted resolution in the world, till being recruited, he trepanned their whole Army at b 〈…〉 Alderne, May 4. 1645, by some Umbrays under which he hid his men, and the cunning misplacing of the King's Standard, made a defeat, where he killed and took (though Vrry, an excellent Soldier, was Commander in chief) three times more men than he had himself; seasonably succouring his men, concealing disasters from them, and keeping them from too far and rash pursuit: as he did the like number under Bayly at c ●here was 〈◊〉 the L●●d Gorden. Alsord, july 2. 1645. after he had tired them with continual Alarms, and possessed himself of advantageous grounds and passes, (making as he did always, the best show of his few men.) And afterwards the greatest Army he ever saw of the Covenanters together, at Kilsith, Septemb. 15. 1645. kill and taking above 5000 Foot and 400 Horse; Coll. john Ogleby an old Swedish Commander, and Alexander the son of Sir john Ogleby of Innar-Wharake. The consequence whereof, was the scattering of the Rebellion, the chief flying to England and Ireland, and the submission of the Kingdom, which he with great courtesy and civility took, after the overtures made to him of provisions for War, into his protection; settling all the Cities and Towns, even Edinburgh itself, in peace and safety, without the least injury offered; releasing such Prisoners as the expert old Soldiers, the Earl of Crawford, and james Lord Ogleby, etc. and inviting the Nobility (viz. Trequair, Roxborough, Hume) to join with him in the settlement of the Kingdom; but the King's friends in Scotland betraying him, and the succour out of England under my Lord Digby, failing him; and which was worse, the King being forced to throw himself upon the Scots; commanding him, without any security to his faithful friends, to depart the Kingdom, and in France wait his Majesty's further pleasure, (that opportunity, as many more of the like nature for re-establishing his Majesty, was lost) as he did, discreetly avoiding the snares laid for him in his transportation; being fair in France for the chief command of Strangers there; assisting the Prince at the Hague in the debates about the expedition into England under Hamilton, 1648. Thence travelling to Germany was offered by the Emperor the Command of 10000 men immediately under his Majesty against the Swedes: after that, procuring of the Dukes of Brandenburg and Holstein, forty Vessels, with men, and Ammunition, and 1500 complete Horse-arms from the Queen of Sweden; besides other assistances from several States and Princes, which were imbezzeled before they came to his hands. He threw himself away at last upon some perfidious men, pretending to his Majesty's service in the North of Scotland, where he was taken in disguise; and so barbarously murdered by the Rebels of Scotland, that the Rebels of England coming thither next year, were ashamed of it. Since very honourable buried in the Grave of his Fathers; and renownedly famous both abroad and at home, in the Chronicles of his Age: the glory of Scotland, and the grief of Europe; the farthest Nations in the World admiring his worth, and the greatest Kings bewailing. Which happened, a He came to Scotland the less time with an excellent Portrait of h●●iate Majesly ●headed with ●hese words, Judge and revenge my cause O Lord: and an excellent Declaration which was hanged about his neck. May 21. 1650. Brave Soul! whose learned Swords point could strain Rare lines upon thy murdered Sovereign; Thyself hast graved thine Epitaph, beyond The Impressions of a pointed Diamond. Thy Prowess and thy Loyalty shall burn In pure bright Flames from thy renowned Vru, Clear as the beams of Heaven; thy cruel fate, Scaffold and Gibbet shall thy fame dilate; That when in after Age's Death shall bid A man go home and die upon his Bed: He shall reply to Death, I scorn't be gone; Meet me at the place of Execution: There's glory in the scandal of the Cross, Let me be hanged, for so fell brave Montross. It is fit to mention with him the two sons of Dr. john Spotswood Chaplain to the Duke of Lenox, in his Ambassies to France and England, Minister of Calder, Archbishop of Glascow, Privy Counsellor of Scotland, Archbishop of St. Andrews, Primate and Metropolitan of all Scotland, Precedent in the several Assemblies at Aberdeen and Perth, 1616. and 1618. where he was a great instrument in restoring the Liturgy and Uniformity b Together with Church Lands and Tithes. in the Church of Scotland; and at last having Crowned the King 1633. made 1635. Lord Chancellor, according to a Prophetic word of one of the Gossips at his Birth, That he would become the Prop and Pillar of his Church; dying c And being buried at Westminster. banished from his Country Nou. 18. Anno Dom. 1639. Aetat. 74. Well known by his most faithful and impartial History of the Church of Scotland, written by him upon the Command of King james; to whom, when he objected that he knew not how to behave himself when he came to speak of his Royal Mother, who was sadly represented by the Historians of her times; the King replied, Speak the truth man and spare not. 1. Sir john Spotswood, well satisfied that in the ruin of three Kingdoms he had lost his Estate, and preserved his Conscience. 2. Sir Robert Spotswood, a Gentleman of great abilities both in the Art of Government, and in the study of the Law, by his 9 years' study and experience abroad, and his many years good education and practice at home; Lord of the Sessions extraordinary in King james his time, and constant Precedent, and Secretary of State in King Charles his time; between whom and his friends in Scotland, particularly the Marquis of Montross, he kept in the most difficult times a constant correspondence, for which he was beheaded at St. Andrews, exhorting the people to his last, to keep to their duty towards God and the King, and to beware of a lying Spirit sent by the Lord in Judgement among their Ministry. Res in exitu ae stimantur & cum abeunt Ex oculis hinc videntur. The Duke's Hamilton, the former james after a suspicion of disloyalty to the King (his gracious Master that gave him very profitable a Worth yearly 30000l. Offices, and conferred on him many great honours and trust.) 1. For posting in such haste privately into Scotland, when the Parliament was discontented, and the Duke of B. murdered in England. 2. For employing several Scots into Germany and other parts to insinuate the grievances of the King's b There was a trial of combat between Rea and Ramsey 16●●. th● one offering with his l●fe to prove that the other had discovered ●o him Hamiltons' Design to make himself King of Scotland. Government, and promote his own Interest, by publishing up and down his Royal Pedigree; and keeping in dependence upon him Officers enough to command a Royal Army. 3. For taking the King's Letters out of his pockets, and discovering his secrets to his Enemies. 4. For spending time to and fro in Messages about the Rebellion (in the head of which his Mother rid with her Case of Pistols before her) which might have served to suppress it. 5. For doing nothing with the King's Ships when at Sea, (the Scots saying, that the son of such a Mother could do them no harm;) and not protesting the King's gracious Declaration (the justice and clemency whereof, would have allayed the Tumults) when at Land; but letting the Covenanteers protest against it, before it was published, insomuch that the Bishops of Ross and Brechen, Sir john Hay, and the Earl of Sterling came to England to warn the King of him. 6. For refusing to contribute towards the Scottish Wars; for withdrawing privately to raise jealousies in Scotland; for interceding for London, and hindering Montross, so as to make the King believe that the Scots would not invade England till he himself writes that they were on the Borders: yet by a Providence, which one calls Digit us Dei, beheaded at Westminster 1649. (after great overtures of money and discoveries to save his life) by that Party for the King, whom he was thought to serve against the King; who said when he heard he led the Scots Army, for which he suffered, Nay if he leads them, there is no good to be done for me; having displaced and imprisoned him at Oxford, because he said, he should not have an opportunity to re-couzen him. Duke William died honourably of his wounds in his Majesty's Service at Worcester, 1651. The eminent Divines of Aberdeen, for strong reasons and invincible patience in opposing c Author of Philos. Theol. Ancillans, and De formali. objecto sidei. the Covent; particularly, d F●ther and Son, whose Instruct. Theol. and Irenium & tubulus are ●●●ent. Dr. Baron and Dr. Forbs, eminent Philosophers and Divines, will never be forgotten in Scotland, while there is either a Church or an University left there. Nil quod Fo●besio, Christi dum pascit Ovile, Nil quod Baronio comparet orbis habet. Eloquio sunt ambo pares in, discrimen in uno est, Quo lubet hic mentes pellicit, ille rapit. A. Johnston. To whom I may add the learned Dr. john Maxwel, sometimes Bishop of Ross, and since Archbishop (I think) of St. Andrews. THE Life and Death OF Sir WILLIAM PENNIMAN SIR William Penniman, Besides him, James Penniman Esq of Orness in Yorkshire, paid for his Loyalty 2000l Composition; and Sir James Penniman jun. 530. an eminent Commander at Oxford, and elsewhere in the King's Army. a Gentleman of good fortunes in Yorkshire (where part of the Alum Mine rent by Sir Paul Pindar, belonged to him) before the Wars; and one of the first that engaged with the King in the Wars: whose Epitaph at Christ Church is his just Chronicle. M. S. H. S. E. Gulielmus Penniman Baronettus Equestri dignitate parique animo decorous, obsequio & fide adversus optimum, eundemque afflictissimum Principem Carolum Regem spectabilis, qui serinissimum Regem (cum caetera Inermis class, Armamentariis arcibus, omnibus belli praesidiis orbatus, nudo majestatis titulo armatus staret) duabus cohortibus Equitum una. Peditum altera, a se conscriptis primus instruxit; quibus & ipse praefuit tribunus, ac brevi Vrbis Oxon. praefectura donatus est in qua ita se gessit, ut nec discessor Ashlaeus, nec successor Astonus magna bello nomina) luminibus ipsius obstruerat. Demum Febre Epidemica correptus in medio aetatis honorumque decursu premature extinctus, triste sui desiderium apud omnes reliquit, quibus morum suavitate ac comitate fuerat merito charissimus. Obiit Aug. 22. A. D. 1643. tumulo potitus in eadem domo in qua ingenii cultum capessaverat. jacob Lord Ashley, born of a well know Family in Norfolk, bred under Sir Francis and Sir Horace Vere, a Captain in the Low-Countries, and preferred for his good Conduct-Colonel, whence after thirty years' service, returning to his Native Country, he had the Command of Newcastle in the Scottish Wars 1639. 1640. and after of Oxford in the English, out of which (by reason of the experience his Majesty had of his good wary carriage in keeping the Northern Army in order when they wanted money, and engaging them to serve the King, if he had thought fit to have made use of their assistance when he wanted strength 1641. to keep the City in order, and the Parliament free) he was drawn into the Field, and particularly to assist in forming the siege of Gloucester, (wherein (the Low-Country Wars being in effect nothing but sieges) he had a great judgement, and where he was shot in the arm) as afterwaads to draw the line of Communication between his Majesty's Forces round about the Earl of Essex at Lestithiel, his own Post being at Hawl, where he commanded the Haven of Foy. Having likewise the disposal of the most difficult part of the second Newberry Fight, after which he settled the Affairs of Worcester-shire and Gloucestershire so well, by continual surprises of the Enemy, that he commanded Contribution to the Gates of Gloucester; after that, much against his a Being of opinion that his Majesty should march either into the North or into the associated Countries, whi●●er Fai●sax following after, he knew would give him several advantages, which he had a shrewd way to take. will was he commanded to form the fatal battle of Nazeby; and which was worse, to quit the advantageous piece of ground and model he had first designed, to the loss of that battle; after which, by diligent Correspondence with Ireland and Wales, he got a considerable Army, which for want of the Horse promised him from Oxford, a straight wherein he could not avoid fight, he lost at Stow in the Old March 21. 1645/ 6. where when he was taken, he said, That the Game was up, and after a tedious Imprisonment died, I think, in that Foreign Country, where he had so Honourably lived 165. His Son Sir Bernard Ashley, an eminent and stout Commander in his Majesty's Army, after admirable service done in fix Fights, and eight Sieges, died of wounds received in a brave sally out of Bristol, Sept. 4. 1645. Sir Arthur Aston, a Lancashire Gentleman, where the Papists are most zealous by Antiparistasis, because of the extreme zeal of the Protestants there, as good of his Hands as a Soldier, as Sir Walter Aston, the known Ambassador in Spain and Germany was of his Head; many Soldiers did he by his great services in Foreign b He was ●red up in the Wars of Germany from his youth. Wars bring to his Majesty from abroad; more by his excellent Discipline did he make at home, where he commanded the Dragoons in Edgehill, doing exquisite execution, and giving my Lord Stuart and other young Gentlemen direction how to do so. Thence being made Governor of Reading, he beat Essex thrice from the Town, till having a dangerous wound, he was forced to devolve his Command upon Col. Fielding, returning himself to Oxford, where he was Governor till it appeared that the severity of his Discipline would do more service in ordering a loose Army in the Field, than in awing a regular Garrison in a Town; whence his Fortune being answerable, neither to his skill, nor to his courage, he went over with the flower of the English Veterans to Ireland; he was made Governor of Drogheda, Besides Sir Arthur, there were in the King's Army the Lord Aston, who aazzarded himself much about the rel●● of Chepster. Sir Th●. A●●on, and Colonel Ralph Ast●n, 〈…〉 rants of that C●●ntry L●nc●shire, the piercing air whereof make● the Inhabitants bodies as able as their m●n●s, willing for any laborious employment. To whom I may join Edward Ash●on of Aldenham Salop Esq whos● Loyalty cost him, besides many troubl●s, plunderings, and other unknown charges, 2000 l. Composition. about which Town he laid an excellent plot to tyre and break the English Army, but that being overpowered, he lost his life, first being hewed in pieces, and not till then; the Town being deserted by Coll. Walls Regiment after the Colonel's death, which betrayed both the Garrison and themselves: with him fell 1 Sir Edmund Varney, 2 Coll. Warren, the right Gospel Centurion, that feared God as much as he undervalved man; 3 Coll. Fleming, 4 Coll. Brin, 5 Major Tempest, and several other brave Gentlemen, Cromwell thinking to cut off all Ireland in cutting off that Town, which was the Epitome of it. Sir Arthur, like Montross, had one excellent faculty, that in extremity he had some operative Phrases, wherewith he could bespeak his Souldiesr to do wonders. Pallas so much honoured by him, which some Pen equal to his Sword, may more fully relate, and her Military relation doing him right in her learned Capacity. Sir Edward Herbert, Atturney-General to his Majesty, much troubled about the Impeachment he drew up against the five Members, more about the opinion and advice he gave concerning the Parliament, having asserted the people's Liberty with resolution, 1626. 27. 28. and his Majesty's Rights with integrity 1639. 1640. 1641. his Majesty preferred him for his abilities in the first, but the people would never forgive his faithfulness in the second, having assisted at most Treaties and Councils at Oxford in the War, he retired beyond Sea after; dying with honour there, though he could not live with Indemnity at home; having this Character That he thought he served his Prince best, when he gave things the right colour, not varnishing them over with a false Gloss: which did more harm when discovered, than good when pretended. Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury, whose complete History you may see in the Statesmen and Favourites of England. Coll. Charles Herbert, Coll. Edward Herbert, Richard Lord Herbert the Lord Edward's son, and Coll. Richard Herbert; the first the a Evident in his Bo●k De Venture, in Latin and French, etc. the former kept in the Pipes Vatilan. greatest Artist and Linguist of a Noble man in our Age; and a very stout man. His History of H. 8. which he writ in as blustering a time as it was lived in, is full and authentic in its Collections, judicious in the Observations, strong, coherent and exact in the Connexion. His Embassy into b Whither he was employed by the E. of Pembroke's recommendation, his Mother Mistress Suf. Newport went to live at Camb. en purpose to breed up her children well. Mr. G. Herbert was his Brother. Mr Francis Herbert o● Dolgion paid 500 l. for his Loyalty. Sir Hen. Herbert of Ribsford Worc. 1330 l. Sir R. Herbert of Langley Bucks● 500l. Jo. Herbert of Great Hoel, Brecon. 397. Ed. Herbert of Bray Berks, 266 l. France was well managed, for being referred to Luynes the Favourite of France for Audience in behalf of the Reformed; Luynes (setting two Protestant Gentlemen behind a traverse near the place where they were to confer, to hear what little expectations they ought to entertain of the King of England's Mediation) asked roughly, what our King had to do to meddle with the state of France; Sir Edward Herbert, it's not you to whom my Master oweth an account of his actions; and for me, it is enough that I obey him. In the mean time I must maintain that my Masi● 〈◊〉 more reason to do what he doth, than you to ask why he doth it. Nevertheless (reserving his passion till the issue of the discourse) said he, if you desire me in a gentle fashion, I shall acquaint you farther: whereupon Luynes bowing a little, said, very well: the Ambassador answered, That it was not on this occasion only that the King of Great Britain had desired the peace and prosperity of France: and that upon the settlement of that Kingdom, he hoped the Palatinate might be the better assisted. Luynes returned, We will have none of your advices: the Ambassador replied, He took that for an answer; being sorry the King his Master's affections were not suitably resented: adding, that since it was so, he knew well what to do. And being answered that the French feared him not; returns smilingly, If you had said you had not loved us, I should have believed you; and made no other answer, In the mean time all that I will tell you more, is, That we know very well what we have to do. Luynes thereupon rising from his chair discomposed, said, By God, If you were not the Monsieur Ambassador, I know very well how I would use you. Sir Edward rising also from his chair, said, That as he was his Majesty of Great Britain's Ambassador, so he was a Gentleman, and that his Sword (whereon he laid his hands) should do him reason, if he had taken any offence; adding, when the Marshal of Geran after a more civil audience of the King, told him that he was not safe there, since he had so highly affronted Luynes) That he held himself to be secure enough, where ever he had his Sword by him. The Gentlemen behind the Curtains afterwards, when he was called home to accommodate Le mal intendu between the two Crowns, attesting, that though the Constable gave the first affront, yet Sir Edward kept himself within the bounds of his instructions and honour, very discreetly and worthily. His Son Richard Lord Herbert, dead since, deeply engaged with Sir George Booth and many others, in most of the designs for his Majesty's Restauration: all of them the wariest, and the most resolute of any that followed his Majesty, from the Scots Wars 1639. to the Settlement 1660. Sir john Pennington, born nigh Alesbury in Buckinghamsh. bred a Seaman by his great diligence and patience, attaining to a Captains Command; and by his noble and a 〈…〉 generous temper, to the honour of Admiral of the Guard belonging to the Narrow Seas; where gaining vastly by Convoys, he lived like a Prince in the magnificence of his Table, and Interest in the Seamen, who shared in his gains, and he in their hearts; making them all true to him, as he was to the King and Church, being very faithful to the interest of the first, till he, deluded by the Faction, disabled him from serving him; and very conscientious in observing the Orders of the second in all his Ships, as long as he had any, being none of those Seamen, whose piety being a fit of the wind, are calm in a storm, and storm in a calm. Yet very serviceable was he in transporting Commanders, Arms, Ammunition, and other necessaries for his Majesty's service, keeping Passages open in most Ports of England, besides that he secured Scilly, Guernsey, and Iers●y; bravely did he 1626. refuse upon my Lord of Buckingham's Order to deliver his Majesty's Ships to the French without a considerable security for their value and use; and as bravely refused all Overtures from the Parliament, he died at Bristol Sept. 1646. having been never cruel (as some) to Slaves, knowing that the Sea might drown the men, but not the murder. To him I may add Sir john Lawson, a poor man's Son at Hull, bred at Sea, by his Industry and Dexterity coming to be a Captain; in which capacity, after some profitable Voyages with Merchants, he gained much honour in boarding fix Admiral ships in the War with the Dutch 1651. 1652. 1653. more in contributing to his Majesty's Restauration, by putting a stop with eight ships upon the mouth of the Thames, till the stop put upon the Parliament was removed 1659. most of all in the admirable attempt upon Algiers 1661. 1662. which he forced to make the most honourable Peace they ever made with Christians, and afterwards which was more, most punctually to observe it: and in his gallant Conduct and Resolution in the first Sea-fight between the English and the Dutch 1665. where by a shot in the leg he lost his life, having spared the lives of the worst of men, who he knew had God for their Father, though they had not the Church for their Mother. Sir Christopher Mynnes, an honest Shoemakers Son in London, by his bold Adventures gaining a brave Estate beyond the Line; and by his Heroic actions in all our Sea-fights, showing that he deserved it on this side: a plain man, and a good Spokesman, Qualities for which the King and Prince Rupert loved him: made of an indefatigable Industry and a vast skill and abilities, for which they much trusted him; yet very familiar among his Soldiers whom he saw well used for Diet, Pay, and their share in Prizes; getting more in buying again the Soldier's share, than others did in cheating them of them: the more absolute power he, as all Sea-Commanders had, the more careful he was how he used them; he was shot in the mouth, yet holding it in his hands, continued in his Command all over in blood as long as the Enemy continued the fight, against whom he was so forward, that if his advice had been taken in the Bergen Expedition, the Dutch had come to London to beg that Peace which they would so hardly yield to at Breda. Sir Rich. Stainer, a man deserving well of his Majesty, about Portugal and Tangier, as good a Seaman as most in England, as the Seamen in England are as a Kekerman of Danzick, a great Port Town, de re nautica, all owneth the English the best, the Dutch the next Seamen of the 4 first Circumnavegators a●out the world 2 were English 1. Mag●llane a Spaniard 2. Drake 3. Cavendish, 4. Noort an Hollander, Conducted by the English, Capt. Mollis his Pilot. good as any in Europe, either for Fight or Trading, for tame (Merchants) ships, or wild ships, (Men of War having contributed as much as any for improving the Sea for what it was made (neither only for Fish to play in, nor only for the Sun to drink of) but for Commerce in Traffic, Learning, and Religion, all mankind being one Family, Acts 17. that the world may know its self before it be dissolved. A pious man at Land in safety, as devout at Sea in danger; not like those Seamen (whose hearts are like the Rocks they sail by) so often in death, that they think not of it, seeing Gods wonders in the deep, he were the greatest wonder of all that were not made more serious and pious by them. james Ley, Earl of Marleborough, who not content to be penned in the narrow Island where he was born, launched out to the wide world, where he might live. The Lord Treasurer Ley his Ancestor gained an Estate by his Court-Interest beyond Sea; and he gained skill by improving that Estate, wherewith he served his late Majesty very seasonably with two or three Ships, supplying him with Arms, Ammunition, and whatever else he wanted from beyond Sea; opening the Western Ports, and maintaining the passage between England and Ireland, and his present Majesty very effectually; in advancing his Majesty's Interest in Plantations abroad, and hazarding his own life for him at home, losing it in the first Sea-fight with the Dutch june 1665. aboard the old james, whence a little before he died, reflecting on the former course of his life, he writ to this effect to Sir Hugh Pollard. (who deserveth a mention, not only because he was his friend (as Eusebius is known by the name of his friend Pa●philus, whence he is called Eusebius Pamphilus) but because being a Gentleman of a good Family, and interest in Devonshire (descended from Sir Lewis Pollard of Nimet in that County, and one of the Justices of the Kings-Bench in King Henry the eights time, who had four Sons Knighted before his face) Governor of Dartmouth, a Port of great Importance, well Garrisoned, for his late Majesty, and controller of the Hushold for his present Majesty: very active, and venturing for his Majesty in the worst times; and very hospitable and noble with his Majesty in the best. Observing that rule (in keeping up the English honour of a great Table) occasionally entertaining, rather than solemnly inviting his guests, lest he should over do his own Fortune, for fear of underdoing the Inviteds' expectation, to whom his Feast might be his ordinary fare. Which puts me in mind of a King of France, who used to lose himself in a Park Lodge; where his sauce, hunger, made the plainest fare a Feast; and the Park-keepers taking heart to invite him, came, with all his Court, to whom all his meat was but a morsel: Well (said the Park-keeper) I will invite no more Kings. The Letter which james Earl of Marlborough writ to Sir Hugh Pollard, who died 1667. was to this effect 1665. I Am in health enough of body, and (through the mercy of God in Jesus Christ) well disposed in mind. This I premise, that what I write proceeds not from any phancying terror of mind, but from a sober resolution of what concerns myself, and earnest desire to do you more good after my death, than mine example (God of his mercy pardon the badness of it) in my life-time may do you harm. I will not speak aught of the vanity of this world; your own Age and Experience will save that labour: but there is a certain thing that goeth up and down the world, called Religion, dressed and pretended fantastically, and to purposes bad enough, which yet by such evil dealing loseth not its being: the great good God hath not left it without a witness, more or less, sooner or later, in every man's bosom, to direct us in the pursuit of it, and for the avoiding those inexitricable disquisitions and entanglements our own frail reasons do perplex us withal, God in his infinite mercy hath given us his holy words, in which, as there are many things hard to be understood, so there is enough plain and easy to quiet our minds, and direct us concerning our future being. I confess to God and you, I have been a great neglecter, and (I fear) despiser of it: (God of his infinite mercy pardon me the dreadful fault.) But when I retired myself from the noise and deceitful vanity of the world, I found no true comfort in any other Resolution, than what I had from thence: I commend from the bottom of my heart the same your (I hope) happy issue. Dear Sir Hugh, let us be more generous than to believe we die as the beast that perish; but with a Christian, manly, brave resolution, look to what is Eternal. I will not trouble you farther, the only great and holy God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, direct you to an happy end of your life, and send us a joyful Resurrection. So prays Your true friend, Marleborough. Old James near the Coast of Holland. April 24. 1665. I beseech you commend my love to all mine acquaintance; particularly, I pray you that my Cousin Glascock may have a sight of this Letter, and as many of my friends besides as you will, or any else that desire it. I pray grant this my Request. Henry Earl of Huntingdon, one of the first that appeared for his Majesty in Leicester-shire, as his Son the honourable Lord Loughborough continued there with the last; the constant service of the second during the first War, in commanding a Ashbey of De la zouch, called the Mai●●n Garrison never touched the E. of Leicester Sir Richard Hastings a Col in the King's Army, deserves to be inserted into this Catalogue. the Garrisons of his Country very vigilantly; and in the second in disposing of the Provisions in Colchester so carefully and unweariedly (attending it every hour in the day for a long time) together with his Imprisonment, Escape, and Exile, excusing the Age, Infirmities, and Retirements of the first. Sir Thomas Burton, Sir George Villiers, Sir Henry Skipwith of Cows, who entertained the King nobly, Sir Richard Halford, Sir Io. Hale, Sir Erasmus De la fountain, Sir Will. jones, Sir R. Roberts, Sir john Shepington, George Ashley Esq Tho. Hortop Esq need no other History than the first Commission of Array in their own Country Leicester-shire, wherein they were inserted. The Catalogue of Compounders wherein they are punished between them 20000 l. the Paper of Loan, wherein they contributed towards his Majesty's service 25642 l. b Among whom is Sir Wolstan Dixby of Normaron Derby 1835 l. composition the several Imprisonments they suffered, and Sequestrations they endured. The Right Honourable Henry Earl of Bath, a Person it is questionable, whether of more Honour or Learning, being a great Scholar himself; often times on occasion speaking for the Bishops (once publicly professing it one of the greatest Honours that ever happened to his Family, that one thereof, Thomas Bouchier by name, was once dignified with the Archbishopric of Canterbury) always asserting the King's Interest, attending him in his Counsel in York, and his General in his Affairs in the West, till being taken Prisoner 1642. when he was rendered uncapable of serving his King and Kingdom, he grew weary of the world, paying for his Loyalty 900 l. rich in a contentment that cheerfully enjoyed its own Estate, and troubled its self not with the thoughts of others, limiting all desires but those of doing good, whereby he might either relieve the needy, or encourage the Ingenious. A gallant man, not in his quarrels with others, but in his Victories over himself, greater in that he was above affronts, than that he retaliated them; a happy soul, that conversed with its self, understood the value of time, made use of that Authority great men are happy in, to discountenance Vice, and the Reputation which is the talon of Noblemen, to encourage Virtue. The Right Honourable Francis and Mildmay Fane Earls of Westmoreland, His composition cost Mildmay Earl of Westmoreland 1000 l. the first that assisted that Majesty, which honoured them 1624. and the first that suffered for it. For the Earl of Westmoreland I find was not in the Parliament at Oxford, because in Prison at London, having lost his own freedom in defence of the Kingdoms: a great Wit, and a Patron of it, as appears by his Noble Letters to Cleaveland, and cleaveland's Heroic reply to him. As was the Right Honourable Henry Cary, a Sir Hen. Cary of Cockingham Devon paid besides noble Contributions to the King, and losses by the Parliament 1985 l composition, he commanded Kingssworth when Sir The. F. assaulted it. Earl of Munmouth, bred up (under his Father Sir Robert Cary Earl of Munmouth 1625. Tutor to the Prince, for being the first that brought King james tidings of the Kingdom) with King Charles I. at home, and sent by him to travel with this Instruction, Be always doing something abroad; whence he returned so well skilled in the modern Languages, that being a general Scholar, he was able to pass away the sad times in Noble studies, the fruit whereof are excellent Translations of Spanish, French, and Italian Authors, such as Malvezzi, Bentivoglio, etc. He died 1661. and with him the Earldom of the Lord Cary, his Eldest Son dying in the Bed of Honour at Marston-Moor july 2. 1644. The first of these Honourable drank no Wine till he was thirty years of Age, saying, it preyed upon the natural heat, and that vinum est Lac sonum bis puerorum: the other enjoyed health best in unhealthy places, whence he observed that the best Airs for a man, are those that are contrary to his temper, the moist to the dry and consanguine, and the dry to the moist and phlegmatic, and the best Diets to those that correct the Air; and the best method a care of not going from one extreme into another, using often that saying, Till May be out, Leave not off a Clout. Next these Scholars comes Henry Earl of b I think the fi●st Earl of M. and the Earl of Dover were Brothers. Dover, created 1627. that was Colonel of a Regiment of Scholars in Oxford as he was I think Captain of the Guard of the Pensioners (after the Earl of Norwich) at London, a Noble Person, not to be moved from his Allegiance by those Arguments used to his Son the Lord Viscount Rochfort as somesay, but as the King's Declaration of the 12 Aug. 1642. Intimateth to himself by Mr. Pym, viz. That if he looked for any Preferment, he must comply with them in their ways; and not hope to have it in serving the King: Being made up of that blunt and plain integrity towards his Prince, and firmness to his Friends, for which his Ancestor the Lord Hundson was so famous, that Queen Elizabeth saith, she would trust her Person with the craft of Leicester, the prudence of Cecil, the reach of Bacon, the diligence and public spirit of Walsingham, and the honesty of Hudson; he died (after one Greatrates that pretended to heal Diseases by washing and rubbing the affected places) had been tampering with his Head for his deafness) at Windsor March 1665. The Earl of Chesterfield (created 1628.) who never sat in the Long-Parliament after he urged that some course should for shame be taken to suppress the Tumults, and was answered, God forbid that we should dishearten our friends, choosing rather to be a Prisoner to them, than a Member of them; and that his Person should be restrained, rather than his Conscience ensnared. a Col. Philip Stanhop was a considerable pe●s●n in the Army, Governor of Shelford house, taken by storm where he was killed, the first instopping every breach that was made. The Lady Stanhop, since Countess of Chesterfield, Governess to the Princess Orange, doing that service with my Lord Kirkoven, Sir William Boswell, etc. in getting Money, Arms, Ammunition, and old Soldiers in Holland, which my Lord would have done in England. And what the Ancestor could not do towards the re-establishing of King Charles I. the Successor did towards the restoring of King Charles the II. (both in great hazard, and both great expense, their Loyalty having cost that Honourable Family 15000 l.) est aliquid prodire tenus; Essays in such Cases are remarkable, green leaves in the midst of Winter, are as much as Flowers in the Spring; especially being seasonable, when the whole Kingdom asked a Parliaments leave to have a King, as Widows ask their Father's leave to Marry. Mountjoy Blunt, Francis Newport of ●yton upon Severn Sal. compounded for ●284 l. Sir Richard Newport deservedly created Baron Neport of High-Arcall, besides many thousand pounds he sent the King, paid composition with 170 l. per annum settled 3287 l. Mr. Lewis Blunt a Volunteer, was killed near Manchester, and Mr. Christopher Blunt at Edgulton, house. Earl of Newport, created 4. Car. I. having made as great a Collection by travel of Observations on the State of Europe, as he had done by study of Notes in all kind of Learning, was called to the great Counsel of Lords at York, and attended in all the Counsel at Oxford, where considering that time would undeceive the Kingdom, and give the King that Conquest over hearts, that he failed of over Armies, his Counsel was always dilatory and cautious, against all hazards in battles when bare time to consider, would recover the Kingdom, and break that Faction which the present hurry united. He would not easily believe a man that rashly swore, there being little truth to be found in him so vainly throws away the great Seal of Truth; he would endure none but him that could not give as good account of their time, as he could of his; others dissuaded men from uncleanness as a sin, but he as a mischief in dissolving the strength and spirits, dulling the Memory and Understanding, decay of Sight, tainture of the Breath, diseases of the Nerves and Joints, as Palsies, and all kinds of Gouts, weakness of the Back, bloody Urine, Consumption of Lungs, Liver, and Brain, a putrefaction of the Blood, etc. as the Philosopher would say, I would strike thee, but that I am angry; so would he say when a discourse grew hot, We would prosecute this business but that we are set on it. He was in much danger of his life at the assault at Dartmouth, jan. 17. 1645. with Sir Hugh Pollard the Governor, who was wounded there, and Coll. Seymor, being there taken Prisoner, but he died at Oxford, 1665. being of the Bedchamber to his Majesty at home, as he had been of his intimate Counsel abroad. His Composition was 40 l. a year Land, and 4179 l. john Lord Pawlet of Hinton St. George, entrusted by his Majesty with his first Commissioners of Array, 1642. (when other Noble men were Crest or Coronet-fallen) and excepted by the Enemy, as the most dangerous offender, being a pious man for Religion, an hospitable and well reputed man for doing justice and good in his Country; a watchful and active man in the field, and a shrewd man in Council: as became the son of his Mother, sole sister to the Martial Brothers, the Norrices, and the wife of his Father Sir Anthony Pawlet, Governor of jersey; an accomplished Gentleman of quick and clear parts; a bountiful Housekeeper, by the same token King Charles I. consigned Monsieur Sobez to him for Entertainment. Guardez la Foy, Keep the Faith was his Motto and Practice. Sir Amias Pawlet in Q. Elizabeth's time would not suffer his servant to be bribed to poison the Queen of Scots; nor our Lord his men, to carry on a noble cause in an unworthy way. a William Pawlet of Paulstones, Southampt. paid 544 l. for his allegiance, Francis Pawlet and Amos Pawlet, Somers. 800 l. Sir Thomas Savil of Pontfract Baron, Earl of Sussex, heir of his Father Sir john Savils parts and activity, controller of his Majesty's household, falling off from the Parliament (upon that saying of a Member to him, That he must not be only against the Persons, but against the Functions of Bishops, and that men (they are Mr. Pyms words) how corrupt soever, must be forgiven their past offences, upon their present serviceableness to the Commonwealth) he appeared with the King at York, was of his Council at Oxford, waited on the Queen in France, and made his own peace easily (being supposed one, whose Counsels tended to the peace of the Kingdom) at London: his offence carrying an excuse, he in the Wars being for an accommodation. Observing abroad Mitres opposing of Crowns, and Chaplains vying with their Patrons, he would say that if Clergy men left all emulation with Lay men in outward pomp, and applied themselves only to piety and painfulness in their Calling, they had found as many to honour, as now they had to envy them. Frequent passions he avoided, 1 Because then not likely to be regarded by others. 2 Because (by causing Fevers, Palsies, Apoplexies, Apepsie) they are sure to endanger our healths; (it's to be more then to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without affections, and to be a wise man to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a good mannager of them) which, with the vigour of all his senses and faculties he preserved by temperance. b Sir William Savil was an eminent and a sober Commander on the King's side. Will. Savil of Wakefield, Yorksh. Esq paid 946 l. as he said for the 13 Chapter of the Romans. a Henry Leigh of High-Leigh, Chester, Esq; 710 l. Composition. George Leigh of Wotton, Gloc. 264 l. Coll. Tho. Leigh, and Sir Ferdinando Leigh were never surprised for want of Foresight, nor worsted for want of Resolution, Gervase Lee of Norwel Notingh. Esq paid 560 l. for charges. Tho. Leigh of Adlington, Chester, 3000 l. Edw. Leigh of Bugeley, ibid. 700 l. Thomas Lord Leigh of Stone-Leigh, faithful to his Majesty in dangerous times, paid for his conscientious adherence to his Sovereign 4895l. Peter Leigh jun. of Neithertalby Chesh. Esq 778l. Will. Leigh, Pitminster Somers. 120l. Sir Richard Lee of Langley Sal. Ber. 8782l. Sir Thomas Leigh of Humpstal Ridward, Staff. 1376 l. Gentlemen, these easily distinguished by their actions, though agreeing in name. Great men (when Surnames are necessary to distinguish obscure persons) are Surnames to themselves. Francis Leigh of Newnham Warwickshire, Baron Dunsmore, Earl of Chichester 19 Car. 1. Captain of his Majesty's Guards, and a stout honest man in his Council; having a great command of things (as the first being) he had a shrewd way of expressing and naming them. His surname was before the Conquest, if there was any surname then (surnames being used since) which puts me in mind of him that said his Arms were 3 Gun hores 1000 years ago, when there were no Guns in Europe above 300 years. The honour died with him, who left two daughters, the Right Honourable Countess of Southampton, and the Viscountess Grandison. One being asked which St. Augustine he liked best; answered, that which was the best corrected. My Lord being in discourse about our Modern Reformlings opinion, said, That way was best that had been least reform: when Ace is on the top, Sise is at bottom. When men (whose flesh was refined, blood clarified, spirits elevated by Victory) got Goods to their new Gentry, Lands to their Goods, he would often mention Rich. 3. saying of the Woodviles, viz. That many are noble that are not worth a noble. He had a good rule for health, that a full meal should be at such a time as might be, Laboris & cogitationum terminus, and the heat and spirit not distracted from assisting in the concoction. He continued with the King from York (where the King begun to provide for himself) to Oxford, not yielding up himself till Oxford was surrendered. The Lord Grace of Ruthen, who as seriously asserted his Majesty's dignity when questioned, as Mr. Selden asserted his own honour and title when disputed. Angel Grace of Kingston Marwood Coin: Dorset, Esq 900 l. for obeying the King for Concscience sake; and Edward Grace of Campan, Northumb. 389. A man that feared the War on this score, because it was like a Fair, that would draw in Chapmen from all parts; who seemingly slight, but secretly love and envy our plenty; and would be willing to come from Wine to Beer and Ale, and from Fruits to Meat. His great Rule, that Temperance enjoyeth the sweetness of things which Excess aimeth at, if considered, would prevent more diseases, than his Relation the Countess of Kent's Powder hath cured. Sir john Stowel of Stowel in Somersetshire, a Knightly Family for above 200 years, well known for serving their Country in all places of Justice in time of Peace, and better for serving the King in places of Command in time of War. All satisfaction did this Knight endeavour to give the people in a moderate way, in their Liberties and Religion while any hopes of peace; all pains and care imaginable did he take to reduce them (according to the Commission of Arra, where in he was an eminent Member) when they were bend upon War, 6000 men, and 30000 l. did Sir Edward Stowel, and Coll. G. Stowel raise to set up his Majesty; and 8000 l. a year during the troubles did they bring to support him: till Sir ●ohn having with Sir Francis Courtney, Sir john Hales, and a Coll. Hugh Windham a m●●k Lion, was sl●n in Docetshire. Sir Hugh Windham, whose Loyalty cost them 45000 l. and upwards, bravely kept Bridgewater, was brought Prisoner (as I take it) from Worcester to Westminster: where being convened, for his great Estate, rather than his great fault, he refused to kneel and own their Authority; demanded the benefit of the Articles whereon he rendered himself prisoner, and demanded their charge against him; being answered with 14 years' imprisonment, without any legal trial had (notwithstanding that his Cause was heard in every Convention that was during the Usurpation) and he himself set five times before a neigh Court of Justice: nor any judgement given, till his Majesty returning, May 29 1660. was met by him at Charing Cross with a stand of Loyal Gentlemen and old Officers of the King's Army, the stateliest sight seen that glorious day. He died Feb. 21 1661/2. faelicitas in ipsa faelicitate mori, Sen. being supported under his great age, and greater suffering, by a naturally great spirit; made greater by solid and unquestionable principles, by a cheerful temper, by noble studies that both comforted and diverted sublimating natural bodies, for he was a great Chemist, as he did his affections, by a well grounded patience; for he would say he learned patience himself, by looking on the inconvenience of impatience & anger in others. And to keep his body in a temper suitable to his soul, for many years he eat no Breakfasts, that his stomach might be cleansed, and its superfluous humours consumed before he came to Dinner; saying, that those who went with a crude stomach from one meal to another, without an extraordinary use of exsiccatives, as Ginger, Oranges and Lemons, Citrons, Horseradish Roots, etc. would hardly escape the Scurvy, if they did the Dropsy. Coll. Edward straddling, Major General Sir Henry straddling, Coll. john straddling, and Coll. Thomas straddling, of the ancient Family of the straddlings the second Baronet of England, of St. Donats in Glamorgan, one of the noblest seats in all Wales. Very forward in raising that Country for his Majesty, and in eminent trust; commanding it under him, much to the satisfaction of the people, more of the Gentry: Good Prome-Condi of Antiquity, faithful in keeping monuments thereof, and courteous in communicating them; whereof, though some had as it said of john Stow, Mendacio, now and then jogging them on the elbow: yet many of them lacked Learning rat●er than Truth, seldom omitting what is, sometimes observing what is not considerable. A Family to whom a Septenary number is happy, a Nonary fatal. john Lord Culpepper of Thorsway, whose Family is now honourable in the Isle of Wight; bred to the Law, was resolved to maintain it; relating to the Exchequer in times of Peace (when the Parliament grew sullen, and would not see what they did) he made his business to fill it against a War, bringing his Majesty in some thousands from his friends; and all that he had himself. Novemb. 9 1640. he made a smart Speech in Parliament against the grievances of the Government in the behalf of Kent, for whom he sat. Decemb. 6. the same year, he offered the peaceable and safe ways of repressing them; and when he saw the Remedy like to prove worse than the Disease, he endeavoured to compose differences in the House as long as he could, and afterwards out of it, bringing the first message of Peace, with the R. H. the E. of Southampton, and the most accomplished Sir Will. Wedall (a handsome man, and as knowing, as much Learning, long Travels, and great Observations could make him; men of parts sided with the King that could encourage them) to the Parliament, 1642. as he did six more during the Wars, assisting in all his Majesty's Councils, and promoting all the Treaties, wherein he was always a very sober Commissioner. And when he saw no more good to be done by those Treaties, than the Father saith he saw by Councils, advising his Majesty to enlarge his Interest by dividing it into his own, the enjoyment of the Kingdom, and his sons; the hope, the oneto draw together the North and South out of a sense of their present duty; and the other the West, out of a regard to their posterities happiness: he was appointed to direct his Highness the Prince his Counsel 1645/6. as he did first in raising a good Army towards the recruiting of the War, and afterwards in proposing his Highness as a fit Mediator between the King and Parliament for Peace. From Cornwall he attended his Highness to Holland to negotiate supplies; from thence to the revolted Fleet, to keep it in order, and dispose of it to advantage; thence to France and Holland to settle the new Design 1648. for re-establishing the King, managing an exact correspondence then, both with the Scots and English; thence to Breda to forward the Agreement with the Scots, where he with an admirable dexterity, solved or mitigated each morning, the difficulties they made at overnight; therefore called by those people The Healer; thence to Denmark and Muscovy, where he prevailed so far for his afflicted Master, that he made the first Kingdom declare against the Rebels; and the other, besides some supplies he sent his Master, lay all the Estates and persons of English men in those parts, at his Master's feet, whom he used so civilly, as to convince, that his Master aimed more at their good than his own Right; and that he desired to govern his people only to protect them. He lived to see his own maxim made good, That time cures sedition, which within few years groweth weary of its self; (the people being more impatient (as he would say) of their own Libertinism, than of the strictest and most heavy Government: besides that, the arts and impulses of seditious Demagogues, may a while estrange and divorce their minds; yet the genius of English men, will irresistably at last force them to their first love) and his Majesty entering his Metropolis (where he would say, A Prince should keep himself in all commotions as the seat of money and men) May 29. 1660. He dying june 12. following, Master of the Rolls; and his Son Governor, I think, of the Isle of Wight. Sir Tho. Culpepper of Hallingborn in Kent paid 824l. Composition. William Culpepper and Thomas his son, of Bedbury in Kent, 434l. Sir Alexander Culpepper, 40l. Prince Maurice, bred in the Wars of Germany, which were undertaken for his Father Frederick, Prince Elector Palatine, and chosen King of Bohemia; and with some Germane Officers coming, Sept. 17. 1664. over to serve his Uncle K. Charles I. whose only sister Elizabeth● son he was, in the Wars of England. Where he behaved himself at once valiantly, and soberly, acting nothing in any place without a Council of War of the most knowing Gentlemen in that place; nor exacting any contribution without the consent of the Inhabitants: very much did he assist (by a strange reach in contrivance he was Master of) in pounding Essex in Lestithiel; and more towards the taking of Exeter: wary in his advice, and bold in his action; surprised twice by the carelessness of his Officers, yet so that both times he told them of it, having a strange mixture of Jealousy mingled with Courage. Indeed he was a Monogdoon, that is, one admirable; Prince of eight complete Qualities, Sobriety, Meekness, Civility and Obligingness, a Particularly in 〈◊〉 de●eat of Waller at Teux bury. Conduct, Resolution, Seriousness and Religion, Justice and Integrity, Foresight and Thoughtfulness, Patience and Constancy. Noble in bringing his people on, and careful in bringing them off; being called by his Enemies, the goodcome off, serving his Majesty at Sea as he had done at Land; and commanding the Ships fallen from the Parliament, (when there were no more to be commanded for the King) to watch and supply the Coasts of Ireland, and infest those of England. He was in his way to the West-Indies, divided from his Illustrious Brother Prince Rupert (one of the most expert Seamen, as the most general Artist in Europe) and from all the living, by an Hurricane 1649. ●ad! that our Calamities swallowed not only the Royal Branches growing in England, but those in Germany too; who escaping the Austrian malice, perish by the British; but true grief for a Valiant man, requireth not Womanish tears, a●d great grief scorns it, no tears being able to wash off the guilt of Royal blood, the shame of that Age shed in both parts of the world, that beyond the Line, and that on this side of it. Peace had made him as excellent as his Brother the Prince Elector, who for general, but especially mechanic Learning and business, is the happiest man in the world. Henry Duke of Gloucester, his Majesty's younger Brother, born 1640. died 1660. A Prince of as great hopes, as studious; great Parts, and as great expectation as solid Virtue; and promising great actions, could make him, that having known nothing but Imprisonment for the first years of his life at 8t. James' Pensehurt, and the Isle of Wight, and Banishment in the later, grew by his affliction so knowing, that at eight years of Age he could tell his Majesty (when he sending for him the day before he died, he bid him not take the Crown before his Brothers Charles and james) he would be first torn by wild Horses before he would do it; so capable, that Ascham who was deputed his Tutor by the Earl of Northumberland, protesting that he could discourse nothing to him but what he could after once hearing, with more advantage discourse to him again; so serious, that when Abbot Montague designed his Education in the Catholic way, he could say at ten years of Age, H● would obey his Mother, but he must his Sovereign: So resolute, that in the battle before Dunkirk 1657. Don john protested he fought like an Englishman; and so accomplished, that at his return there was not an Artist whom he did not obligingly and satisfactorily converse with in his own way. Fata ostendunt non daunt Henricos. Mr. Endymion Porter, mentioned near these two Princes, because dear to two Kings. 1. To King james for his Wit. 2. To King a To whom ●e was Gen. ●●man of his Bedchamber. Charles I. for his general Learning: which with his brave style, sweet temper, happy travels, great experience, modern languages, and good address, recommended him to the Duke of Buckingham, who after the journey into Spain (begun at first by the Prince, the Duke, my Lord Cottington, and Mr. Endymion Porter) introduced him to his Majesty, who loved him for his own Ingenuity, and for his being a Patron to all that were Ingenious: our Endymion, had the happiness to be loved by our Sun and Moon, the King and Queen, but not because he slept. He pleased his Majesty not more in time of Peace, than he served him in time of War by his Intelligence and Declarations at home, and his Negotiations abroad, both in France and Holland, the reason sure why he was always excepted out of their Indemnities, his friends paying for him 1500 l. composition; and he dying with his Majesty abroad, as his Son did for his Father at home, being killed 1644. Loyal blood like Harvies, went round the Port●rs, from the highest to the meanest, 26 of the Name having eminently suffered for his Majesty. Sir Nicholas Slanning. The Cornish men in the Reign of King Arthur led the Van, where is the Conduct of an Army: and in King Canutus his time brought up the Rear, which is the strength of an Army. Sir Nicholas, a Cornish Gentleman of an Ancient Family (that deserveth the same Character that is bestowed by Mr. Carew upon another, Employing themselves to a kind and uninterrupted entertainment of such as visited upon their invitations or their own occasion, their frankness, confirming their welcome by whatsoever means, Provision the best fuel of Hospitality, can in the best manner supply.) Of a Learned and a Martial Education, able both to attend the Crusible, and the Gun; a very knowing Philosopher and a good Soldier, led on his Countrymen in his resolute Speeches at Westminster, being a Gentleman of a stern spirit, and brought up the Rear in his Command at Pendennis, and other back Harbours of Cornwall (over against France for supplies, and in the Levant, Spanish, both Indian, and Irish Road (where most Merchants touch, and whither many are driven) being a man of an impregnable Integrity, and unwearyed watchfulness, and a severe Discipline, lost by the Parliament, when in Sermons tanquam vetita miscuissent, specimen Arc●ae amicitiae facere: and (having with Sir Bevile Greenvile at Landsdown done wonders in advancing from hedge to hedge in the Head of his men, in the mouth of Canons and Muskets, so that his men thought him Immortal, july 5. 1643.) lost to his Majesty in a brave assault upon Bristol july 26. following, when they saw him mortal. (In the Catalogue of Compounders, I find this Note, Sir Nicholas Slanning a Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of King Charles II. who would not have yielded Pendennis, but at the Command of King Charles I. of Pendennis-Castle Cornwall 1197 l. 13 s. TWO d.) and Col. Henry Lunsford, Col. Buck, and Col. Trevanian, fell there the same time, with whom it is fit to mention Sir Charles Trevanian, of Caryhey Cornwall, Sir john Trelawny and his Son, Col. Tho. Tregonnel, Col. jonathan Trelawney, Col. Lewis Tremain, I think of Nettlecomb Somerset, who paid 1560 l. composition, Col. George Trevillion, Col. Ames Pollard, Io. Pegonwell of Anderson Dorset Esq 1735 l. Col. james Chudleigh slain at Dartmouth in Devon. Col. Bowls slain at Alvon, Edmund Tremain Esq Colloecomb Devon 380 l. Men remarkable for their Conduct in keeping their Counsels, in disguising their actions, and foreseeing the Designs and Courses of the Enemy, being very well acquainted with the passes of the Country, and strangely dexterous in gaining Intelligence, scouring the Enemy before Bristol, as well as the Graysope of that place doth clothes; men whose Persons generally are like their Houses, narrow and little Entrances into spacious and stately Upper-Rooms. Sir Richard Prideaux of Tregard compounded for 564 l. at Goldsmiths-hall, and others whom I would more largely insist on, but that I am 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, an Herald of another nature, and having not taken Letters of Mart to seize on others Callings, for their Invading mine; do Loyally leave these Ancient Gentlemen to the justice of the King of Arms. Col. Richard Fielding, Lord Fielding, suffering something in Reputation about Reading, which being Deputy-Governor, he yielded as was thought too easily: but recovering it at Newberry, Nazeby, and all other Engagements where he stirred not an inch, keeping his ground too obstinately, a generous shame, adding to his Valour, and choosing rather to lose his life by his Enemies, than that it should be said he deserved to lose it from his Friends. A kin to that Noble Family of the Villiers, that had no fault but too good Natures, carrying a Soul as fair as his Body, and a carriage Honourable as his Extract; being not carried by the heat of the blood he had, to any thing that might be a stain to that he came from. Posterity shall know him with b He that beat Cromwell once in the West, Sir James Smith Devon paid for being a Coll. in the King's Army 188 l. Sir Will. Smith, Sir Walter Smith of great Bedwin Wilts with 40ls. per annum settled, paid 685l. Composition, Thomas of Nibley Ches. 40ls. Edward Smith of Haughton Northam. 142l. Will. Smith of Stamford Kent 108l. Will. Smith of Presly Som. 140l. R. Smith Heath Denb 90l. F. Smith of Buton Sal. and Cawood Ebor. 194l. Edward Smith Dr. of Physic 45l. Tho. Smith staining Sussex 40l. Nich. Smith Theddlethorpe Lincoln 115l. Jo. Smith Oxon. 220l. Sir Tho. Smith Chester 10l. per annum settled and 215l. Jo. Smith of Small Corbes Gloc. 600l. Jo. Smith Blackthorne Oxon. 107l. Rob. Smith Akley Bucks and Will. Smith 564l. Jo. Smith of Great Milton Oxon. 107l. Jo. Smith Swanton Ebor. 38l. Rich. Smith of Torrington Devon. Merchant 176l. Paris Smith of Comb. Somerset 86l. Joseph Smith Selby Linc. Clerk 600l. Edw. Smith Wakefield York 60l. Captain Dudley Smith killed at Roundway-down. Sir john Smith the last Knight Banneret of England, who relieved him, being too far engaged at Edgehill, as he had before rescued the Standard, who being Nobly born, (Brother to the Lord Carrington) strove to hide his Native honour (suae fortunae Faber) with acquired dignity, desiring to be known rather to have died of his Wounds for his Sovereign at Alesford in Hampshire 1644. than that he was born of Noble Parentage in Yorkshire 1646. It may be said of this numerous Family after the defeat of the King, as it was of the English after the Invasion of the Conqueror. Some fought as the Kentish, who capitulated for their Liberty; some fled, as those in the North of Scotland; some hid themselves, as many in the middle of England, and Isle of Fly; some, as those of Norfolk traversed their Titles by Law; bold Norfolk men that would go to Law with the Conqueror, most betook themselves to patience, which taught many a Noble hand to work, foot to travel, tongue to entreat; even thanking them for thei● courtesy, who were pleased to restore them a shiver of that whole Loaf which they violently took from them. Which was the Case of the Honourable Family of the Caries, whereof Col. Theodore Cary was the wiliest, Col. Edward Cary, the most experience, Sir Henry Cary the steadiest, and Sir Horatio Cary the wariest Commander in the King's Army. The first best read in History, the second in Mathematics and Tactics, the third Experimented Philosophy, the fourth in the Chronicles of our Land. Indeed, the best study for a Gentleman is History, and for an English Gentleman is the British History. Ernestus Cary Shelford Camb. paid 229 l. at Goldsmiths-hall, john Cary of Mil●on-Clevedon Som. 200 l. john Cary of Marybone Park Middlesex Esq 1200 l. Charles Cary Gotsbrook North. Esq 183 l. The Right Honourable john and Henry Mordant Earls of a Th●● Windsor 1100l. Peterborough, the first of which having been a Papist, was converted by a Disputation between Bishop Usher and a Papist at his house, where the Papist confessed himself silenced by the just hand of God upon him for presuming without leave from his Superiors to Dispute with so Learned a Person as Dr. Usher, the other wounded at Newberry and other places, where he was a Volunteer b 〈…〉 for his late Majesty, as he was often Imprisoned for his Loyal attempts 1647. 1655. 1657. 1658. 1659. in behalf of our present Sovereign the great Agent and Instrument, for whose Restauration was Io. Lord Viscount Mordant c Created 166l. of Aviland, who was tried for his life at Westminster, and brought the first Letters from his Majesty to the City of London, their Loyalty cost that Family 35000 l. whereof 5106 l. 15 s. composition. Sir Edward Walgrave, d Sir William Huddleston of Milan Castle Northum. was Sir Edward W. only Parallel, who raised a Regiment at his own Charge, and had seven Sons that rid in it, for which besides 30000 l. other losses, he paid 2248 l. Composition, and Sir Henry Lingen of Sutton, Her. who raised two Regiments, and did eminent service in awing Gloucester, and securing Heresord and Worcestershire with his Bragade of Horse, that they said never slept, and hazarded himself often for his Majesty's Restauration, for which he paid 6342l. as Jo. Lord Scudamore Viscou●t Sleyo in Ireland, s●me years Leger Ambassador in France, who all these times kept his secret Loyalty to his Sovereign, Hospitality in his Family, and Charity to the distressed Clergy; for which with his son 2690l. Not forgetting Sir B. Seudamore a gallant expert Commander, Governor of Hereford: and Dr. Scudamore, who was slained ●ere: nor the R. H. Will. Lord Sturton, whose Loyalty cost him 1100l. an Ancient Northern or Norfolk Gentleman, never more than a Knight, yet little less than a Prince in his own Country; above 70 when he first buckled on his Armour for the English Wars a Brigadine in his Majesty's Army, one of the first and last in action, and a Commander in the Isle of Ree: Commanding the Post at Saltash, at the Impounding of Essex, where his men scattering, were thrice rallied by himself, though twice unhorsed, and the whole Parliament Army stopped till his Majesty approached: he lost two sons and 50000 l. in the Wars. A Gentleman who deserved his neighbour's Character of Strong Bow, having brachia projestissima, and Tully's commendation (nihil egit levi brachio) especially falling heavy upon all sacrilegious invaders of Churches; who being angry with the King, revenged themselves on God; destructive Natures delighting to do mischief to others, though they did no good to themselves. 2. Sir gervase Scroop was not so near Sir Edward in his dwelling as in his character; who being an aged man, engaged with his Majesty at edgehill, where he received 26 wounds, and was left on the ground dead, till his son Sir Adrian having some hint of the place where he fell, lighted on the body (with no higher design than to bring it off honourably, and bury it decently) still warm; whose warmth within few minutes was improved into motion, that motion within few hours into sense; that sense within a day into speech; that speech within certain weeks into a perfect recovery; living above 10 years after (with a pale look, and a Scarff-tied arm) a Monument of a Sons affection to a Father, as of both to the Father of their Country; for whose sake his purse bled (there is a vein for silver as well as blood) as well as his body, the War standing him and his Soh in 64000 l. whereof 120 l. per annum in Land, and 3582 l. in money for Composition: for which the Family (there was Coll. Io. Scroop●) is highly esteemed by his Majesty, who is happy in that quod in principi rarum ac prope insolitum est, ut se putet obligatum, aut si putet, amet Plin. Ep. ad Trajan. 3. William Salisbury of Bochymbid Denb. Governor of Denbigh Castle, was such another plain and stout Cavalier in his True blue Stockings (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) who yielded not his Castle till all was lost; nor then his loyalty, keeping up the Festivals, Ministry and prayers of the Church by his example, and charity: printing Orthodox Books in Welch, and buying them in English at his own charge: relieving the poor Cavaliers, and encouraging the rich, zealously, but wisely and warily: his loyalty cost him and his son Charles Salisbury 781l. by way of composition, and 100 l. per annum in a way of charity. An old Gentleman of a great spirit that would would deal faithfully with any man; and spoke so plainly to his Majesty for two hours in private that the good King said, nev●r did Prince hear so much truth at once. He was sure to have his Carolon Christmas day, as St. Bernard his bymn. See Mr. R. Vaughan's Dedic. of Bishop Ʋsher and Bishop Prideaux his works to him, translated at his charge. R. Vaughan whose house Caergay was burned for his loyalty, to the ground, a great Critic in the Welsh Language, and Antiquities (as was Mr. Rob. Vaughan of Hengour) to whom his Country is much engaged for translating the Practice of Piety, and other good Books into Welch. 4. Sir Thomas Salisbury of Lleweney by Denbigh, a Gentleman every way; especially in Loyalty and Arms recovering the honour of that ancient and noble Family by his early and effectual adhering to K. Charles I. which was tainted by his Predecessors practices against Q. Elizabeth: he hazarding as much for the established Religion against the Novelties of his time, as his Ancestor did for what he thought the old Religion, against what he supposed the new in his. Under him the Welsh at Brentford, made good the Greek Proverb with right British valour, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, He that flieth will fight again,: those who being little better than naked, cannot be blamed for using swift heels at Edgehill; must (having resolution to arm their minds as soon as they had armour to cover their bodies) be commended for using as stout arms (as any) in this fight, which cost the Family, though Sir Thomas died not long after 2000 l. 5. Sir Evan Lloyd of Yale, a sober Gentleman, and one of the first that waited on his Majesty at Wrexam, for which he suffered deeply several times, till his Majesty's Restauration; by whom he was made Governor of Chester, a City of which it is said, that it was more honour to keep a Gate in it, than to command a whole City elsewhere; seeing East Gate therein was committed formerly to the Earl of Oxford, Bride Gate to the Earl of Shrewsbury, Water Gate to the Earl of Derby, and North Gate to the Major. He died as soon as he was invested in his Government, 1663/4. Godfrey Lloyd, Charles Lloyd, and Tho. Lloyd, were Colonels in the King's Army; and Coll. Rob. Ellis a vigilant, sober, active, and valiant Commander, 240 l. Sir Francis Lloyd, Caerm. 1033 l. Walt. Lloyd, Lleweny Carding. Esq 1033 l. 6. Col. Anthony Thelwall, a branch of the Worshipful Family of the Thelwalls of Plasyward near Ruthin in Denbighshire, known for his brave Actions at Cropredy (where his Majesty trusted him with a thousand of the choicest men he had, to maintain, as he did bravely, the two advantageous Villages, Burley and Nelthorp) and at the second Newberry fight, where he did wonders with the reserve of Sir G. Lisles Tertia; and had done more, had he not been slain for not accepting of Quarter. Not long after Daniel Thelwall of Grays-Inn Esq paid 540 l. composition, Io. Thelwall of Pace-Coch Denb. Esq 117 l. The Right Honourable Thomas Wriothsley, Earl of Southampton, Knight of the Garter, Lord High Treasurer of England, and Privy-Counsellor to both Kings Charles I. and II. bred in the strictest School and Coll. Eton by Windsor, and Magdalen College in Oxford, to a great insight into general and various Learning: and in the Low-Countries and France, to a great happiness in Experiences and Observations in the Affairs of War, Trade, and Government; the result, of which, and his retired studies, by reason of the troubles of the Age, and the infirmities of his body, much troubled with the Stone, (with a sharp fit whereof he died 1667.) was as King Charles the First, who conversed with him much in his Closet, called it; and King Charles the Second, who came often with the Counsel to his House and Bed side, found it Safe and clear Counsel; a sober and moderate Spirit (the reason, together with the general opinion of his great integrity and unblemished reputation, he was so much reverenced and courted by the Parliament (as they called it) and so often employed in seven Public Messages, and three solemn Treaties between the King and Parliament) a serious temper and deep thoughts, understanding Religion well (he was reckoned the best Lay-Divine a And the excellent judgement he would give of all the rational discourses i● Religion extant. by his Polemical and Practical Discourses, after the King's death, in England) and practising it better. Prayers, Sermons, and Sacraments being performed in no Family more solemnly than in his house; private preparations before the monthly Communion, used no where more seriously than that, of all that belonged to his noble retinue in his Closet: his stipends to the poor Clergy and Gentry in the late times were constant and great, near upon (besides what he sent beyond Sea) 1000 l. a year: his charity to the Poor of each place where he had either his residence or estate b Particularly in the la●e sickness. Weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, and Yearly, above 500 l. a year among those few Ministers reduced into distress by the late fire, he bestowed (besides particular largesses, and a resolution to take them, if unprovided, to any Preferments that should fall in his Gift) an 100 Pieces in Gold, giving always his Livings to the choicest men (recommended to him by the Fathers of the Church, whose judgements he much relied upon in those Cases) in the Kingdom he reckoned it certainly a more blessed thing to give than receive, when (besides his great Hospitality during his life, and his manifold and large Benefactions at his death) he gave away so much for public good: and, as I am told, received not one farthing all the while either as Lord Treasurer, or Privy Counsellor, for his own private advantage. He was one of the Honourable Lords who offered his life to save his Majesty; pleading, that he had been the Instrument of his Government, and hazarded it to bury him. His Composition was 3466l. in Money, and 250 l. a year in Land taken from him, and his losses in the War 54000 l. Sir Walter Wrotsley not Wriothsley of Wrotsley Stafford 1332 l. 10 ●. with 15 l. per annum Land taken from him. Sir Frederick Cornwallis, Treasurer of the Household, controller and Privy Counsellor to his Majesty, (whose old Servant he had been, and his Fathers and Uncles before him) at his Restauration, and made Baron Cornwallis of Eye in Suffolk at his Majesty's Coronation. The Temple of Honour being of right open to him in time of Peace, who had so often hazarded himself in the Temple of Virtue in the time of War; particularly, at Copredy-bridge, where the Lord Willmot twice Prisoner, was rescued once by Sir Frederick Cornwallis, and the next time by Sir R. Howard: Sir F. being, as the last Pope said of this, a Man of so cheerful a spirit, that no sorrow came near his heart: and of so resolved a mind, that no fear came into his thoughts; so perfect a Master of Courtly and becoming Raillery, that he could do more with one word in Jest, than others could do with whole Harangues in Earnest; a well-spoken man, competently seen in modern Languages, of a comely and goodly Personage, died suddenly of an Apoplectical fit, jan. 7. 1661. Pope Innocent being in discourse about the best kind of death, declared himself for sudden death; sudden, not as unexpected, that we are to pray against, but sudden, as unfelt, that he wished for. To him I may add, Sir Will. Throgmorton, Knight Martial to his Majesty, who died 166●. A Gentleman of an Ancient Family (to whom a great spirit was as Hereditary, as a great Estate) who did much service to his Majesty in England, and was able to do more to him and his Friends in Holland, where he was formerly a Soldier, and then an Inhabitant; worth is ever at home, and carrieth its welcome with it wherever it goeth, who had lost his life sooner with a Bullet got into his body, had not he done as they say Mr. Farnaby the Grammarian did, who coming over from the Dutch Camp, poor and wounded at Billingsgate, met with a poor Butter-woman, of whom he bought as much as he was able to pay for, melted it down, and scoured his body with it when he kept School first in a Cellar in Aldersgate-street. In the Wars there were for personal Valour very eminent, Sir Baynam and Sir Clement Throgmorton, who whilst others boast of their French blood, may with their English Family vie Gentry with any of the Norman Extraction. 1 For Antiquity, four Monasyllables, being by common pronunciation crowded into their Name, a F. F. Epist. Dedic. Clem. Throg. de Haseley Wor. Arm. The Right Honourable Baptist Noel, Lord Viscount Cambden 150 l. land per annum, and 9000 l. besides 50000 l. other losses. The, Rock, More, Town. 2 For numerosity, being branched into so many Countries. 3 For Ingenuity, Charactered by Cambden to be fruitful of sine Wits, and to them Sir Simon Archer of Tanworth in Warwickshire, and his Son there of his studiousness as well as Estate a great Antiquary, careful in collecting and courteous in communicating singular Rarities, which were carelessly scattered up and down these Wars, and prudently brought up by him and the Honourable Persons foregoing, who were not as the Toads, who suck up the precious stone in their head, envying the use of it, sparing no cost for their love to Antiquity; and being put to many thousand pounds charge for their hatred of Novelty, as was The Honourable john, Son to Nich. Tuston, created Earl of Thanet (an exemplary Person in the strictness of his Life, and the good Government of his Family) who for encouraging the Kentish men's Loyalty (though he left them upon their unconstancy) paid for his own 9000 l. and Tho. Lord Viscount Falconbridge 5012 l. for his. Col. Mynne, Governor of Hereford, (there were in the Army besides Col. Robert, and Col. Nicholas Mynne, one or both Knight's Harbingers) and signing the Articles at the Rendition of Bristol, an experienced Commander first in Ireland, and afterwards (coming a Sir William St. Leaguer came over with him, with his Regiment afterwards, Commanding at second Newberry battle the Cornishmen, and the Duke of Yorks Regiment. Sir Anthony St. Leaguer of Ulcomb Kent (where it has) been a Kinghtly Family 300 years, Sir Tho. St. Leaguer being Brother-in-law to Edward the 4th. was killed commanding Prince rupert's Lifeguard at Newberry second battle Oct. 27. 1644. His son I suppose Sir A. St. Leaguer paying 400 l. composition. This Ancient Families decays hath been the occasion (the issue general of decayed Estates are projects) of many noble Inventions in England, preferring to be Masters of a Molebill, than dependant on the highest Prince in Christendom. over with a Brigade 1653. over whom he was General in England, distressing Glocest●r from Berkly and thereabouts with continual Skirmishes, Massy saying, He had played till these came over. A restless man in pursuit of some project every day to hearten and employ his own Soldiers, and weary the Enemy; as he was going to join the Forces of Hereford and Worcestershire at Castlelane, with a design on Gloucester and others, not keeping touch with him, he was cut off with the best Regiment (made so by continual exercise) within three miles of Gloucester, in disadvantageous Enclosures (the consequence whereof was the defeating of the King's Power in Southwales) being much miss by his Friends, and honoured by his Foes, who gave him a stately Burial 1644. in Testimony of his Worth and Valour, being the fairest, and shrew dost Enemy in Christendom, whose Monument shall be supported by First, Col. H. Washington, who blocked up Gloucester on Tewxbury side (a Gentleman, though disobliged by being put upon designs without Money to pursue them, never suffered his Heat and Fever to turn to a Frenzy, unworthily attempting what he could not handsomely achieve, though vexed that his swelling and prosperous sails should be filled rather with airy promises, than real supplies) and Eversham, scoured the hedges near Stopwash, a Border-Town of Cheshire, to make way for Prince Rupert to enter into that Important Garrison; kept Worcester (till his Majesty under his hand june 10. 1646. commanded him to yield it) against all Assaults and Summons, and did Wonders by Patience and Resolution at Colchester, as he did at the first taking of Bristol; the first breach whereof entered was called by his name, made terrible thereafter by his brave Regiment of Dragoons, whose fierce and active Gallantry bestowed a Proverb on every resolute Exploit, Away with it quoth Washington. Secondly, The Honourable Col. Oneal, the only Protestant of his Family; it's a question whether gaining more honour by his hard service about Gloucester, and in both the Newberries with King Charles the I. or by his assiduous Negotiations and Messages posting from place to place (in Holland, where he was warned to the Countess of Chester●ield in France, where he was welcome to the best Cavaliers, and Germany) for King Charles the II. especially in the various Occasions, Opportunities, and Revolutions 1659. at Fontarabia, Scotland, Flanders, England, etc. that made way for his Majesty's Restauration, who let him to Farm the Post-Office: He died 1664. It's more to be called an Oneal, than an Emperor in Ireland. 3. By Colonel Will. Pretty, who when Backehouse sent him word he woulk Breakfast with him, returned that then he would Dine at Gloucester; a Gentleman that loved his last thoughts (as Mothers the youngest Child) best, declaring fiercely Sept. 2. 1645. That Bristol was Tenable by force, and needed not the courteste or charm of words (meaning Treaties with Fairfax) to maintain it; only the Soldiery were to be refreshed, and the Bays of Victory are not to be plucked up, till by fair opportunities they are grown ready. 4. Colonel Pert, who received his Death's wound 1645. in Cornwall, not to be gained by Power or Policy from the ground he stood in; the Riddle of the Army never appearing what he was, nor being what he appeared, giving his Enemies always too little hope to trust, and too little to distrust him. Such must be as dark as midnight, who must perform actions as bright as Noonday. 5. Col. Tailor, there was one Mr. Taylor Resident for his Majesty with the Emperor, in honourable esteem, who made the Glocestershire Forces pay, as he said, Cost and Damage for the death of Col. Mynne, at last killed himself 1645, at Bristol (when unus homo pereundo restituit rem) where he died in the bed of honour, about which we can only draw the Curtain. Richard Taylor of●rnely ●rnely Sussex, paid 500 l. composition, Jo. Talbot of Thornton York 800 l. Sir Jo. Talbot Lanc. 600 l. Tho. Tailor Ocle Pichard Her. 265 l. Rich. Tailor Clapham Bedf. Esq 450 l. 6. Col. Rich. Poor, that little man and great Soldier slain in Wales. 7. As was Col. Will. Wynne of Berthu at Wem, the Bulwark of North-wales (which as Soldiers cry was all and one his, because of his large alliance, obliging spirit, exemplary sobriety, great conduct and fidelity) to which the Enemy never entered while he lived, no more than the English could while Owen Glendower Commanded such a strong Line of Communication he had form in all the Marches, and so watchful and active was he in maintaining that Line. The Worshipful wins of Gwyddir were great sufferers for his Majesty. 8. Col. Dalby, that excellent Engineer killed at Wingfield Manor Derbyshire. 9 Col. Io. Marrow, slain near Sandiway in Cheshire. 10. Sir Matthew Carew, whose Misfortunes were his advantage (It is an ill wind that bloweth no body good) his Company being delightful, when his service, though prudent and valiant, was unsuccessful, and he fit to stand before Princes, and not before mean men; a man of spirit for his non Faelix, carrying a badge of Valour (no blemish but Beauty, Mars hath his spots as well as Venus) in his face. Sir Francis Carew Beddington Surrey paid 1000. Composition. 11. Col. Bagot who had traveled most places in the world (one in most great Actions from 1624. to 1645.) to accomplish himself for the service of his own Country, where he was Governor of Litchfield Staffordshire, keeping (with Col. Lan● Sir Richard Bagot, Dr. Bird, and my Lord Loughborough) that Country in good order, by suppressing the Moor-Lander, (though as envy always must be expected, if it will not be surprised by worth (most men supposing their Bays to wither if others flourish) some found fault with his Actions, because they did them not themselves; which he endured being used to hardship, having not eaten his bread, nor fasted neither in one place: He was slain at Nazeby. Harvy Bagot of Parkhall Warwick Esq paid 600l. Composition. 12. Col. Henry Tillier, one of those eminent Commanders brought over by Prince Rupert from the Palatinate; zealous for Religion, and therefore might be called, as well as Robert Fitzwalter, Martial of God's Army and holy Church: worth will not long want a Master, his judgement was much relied on in the Relief of Newark, in the ordering of Marston-moor fight (where with Major General Porter he was taken Prisoner) in the siege of Bristol, at the Delivery whereof he, Vavasor, and Mynne drew up the Articles, as he did those of Oxford, taking as many of the Garrison as would be Listed into pay under him for the French service, as the Spanish Ambassador did for the Spanish. 13. Col. Robert, and Col. Sir Edward Broughton, the last of whom did his Majesty Knight service in Cheshire and Newark 1645. 1646. at Worcester 1651. being one of the few Loyal Subjects that appeared there: in Cheshire 1659. with the Lord Booth, for which he was long Imprisoned in the Gatehouse, whereof he was afterwards Keeper, wooing the Widow whose Prisoner he was: and in the Sea●fight 1665. between us and the Dutch, with his Highness the Duke of York, where he valiantly lost his life, scorning to fall, though in effect killed, and in his stubborn way blundring out Commands when he could not speak them. 14. Col. Sir Arthur Blainey and Col. john Blainey, bred in Ireland, and after he had lost his arm in Anglesea (a) with success, showed it depended not on Valour 1648. killed there. The first, the plainer man and greater Soldier, the second, the faster man and deeper Politician, whom his own Country cry up for such a man, that it will be a question hereafter whether ever there was such a man. When invited thither by the Right Honourable Lord Buckley, an eminent Gentleman for his Majesty in North-wales, basely murdered by one Chedle of the other side. 15. Sir Fulke Hunks, an old Soldier from Ireland, whose Valour was attended with such meekness, that upon all occasions the bias of his inclination did still hang 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; and he took as much pains to bring over his old acquaintance on the other side, by persuasions and Letters as to conquer them by force. And indeed so weighty his overtures, that qui deliberarun: des●iverunt, they that came to themselves and considered, came over to him and revolted. 16. Sir R. Leveson of Frentham Staff. (who with 360 l. per annum settled, paid 6000 l. composition; a great instance of Commines his rule, that they who have the art to please the people, have power to raise them. He prevented all jealousies of his Majesty's proceedings, much more complaints; doing what the people about desired, before they desired it; being very tender in bestowing Commands and Trusts, since no man is served with a greater prejudice, than he that employs suspected Instruments. Coll. Tho. Leveson, a Gentleman fearless of death always, and yet always prepared for it; that never begged or bought Command, winning all he wore; Governor of Dudley, which he held till May 13. 1646. 17. a There were in the King's Army 3 Colonels more of the name, viz. Sir Charles Dallison, Sir Robert Dallison, and Sir William Dallison, who spent 130000l. therein: men of great command in their Country, bringing the strength thereof to the reasonable assistance of his Majesty. Sir Tho. Dallison, a Lancashire Gentleman, of great service in Prince rupert's Brigade, whose Loyalty cost him his life at Nazeby, and 12000 l. in his Estate, being one of those noble persons, whose too much courage (as Buchanan saith in all defeats of the Scots) was the reason they were conquered; and their pursuing their Enemies too far, the cause of their being beaten by them. 18. Sir Richard Crane, bred in the Palatinate, serving the Prince Elector, with whose son Prince Rupert he came over, 1642. to serve his own Sovereign: a Gentleman very careful against all ill opinions of his courage, or prudence, knowing that if the Enemy overawed, or overreached him, they for ever after had his measure. Slain at a sally out of Bristol, 1645. Be it here remembered that the Worshipful john Crane Esq of Lorton, Bucks. paid 1080 l. composition. 19 Coll. Anthony Eyre, Coll. Rowland Eyre, and Sir Gervase Eyre, Robert Eyre of West Cabfield, Wilts. Esq hazarded their lives, and spent above 40000 l. in his Majesty's Service: commended not only by their side, (which may be partial, but by their Enemies who cannot be suspected so) for commanding their looks, words, and actions, yea their very dress, garb, and accent, as well as the pretenders by a rule: and watching shrewdly in all Skirmishes the advantage of Ground, Wind, and Sun; each singly considerable, but little less than an Army when all put together. 20. Coll. Cockram, an Agent well versed in the humours and intriguys of the Danish, Polish, Swedish, and other Northern Courts, whence he procured considerable supplies both for England and Scotland, reducing the former Leagues of those Crowns to more exact particulars with reference to the present state of his Majesty's affairs. 21. Coll. Edward Hammond, Coll. Francis and john Heath, all astive in Colchester. a Edw. Heath of Cotsmore Rutland Esq paid 700 l. composition. Jo. Hammond of Elling. Norf. 1000 l. R. Heath of Eyerton, Chesh. 300 l. 22. Coll. Sandys slain b Where fell Coll. Scot at Alford Hampshire, besides there were in the service of the name, Coll. H. Sandys, of St. Michael's Bedw. Worcest. 1400 l. Sir Martin Sandys, Coll. Robert Sandys, Coll. Sam. Sandys of Vmbers●● Worcest. Esq 1445 l. and Sir Tho. Sandys, the first of whom would usually rise out of his bed, dress him, open the doors, walk round about the field, fight, now striking, now defending himself, and return to bed not wakened: the second for parentage, person, grace, gesture valour, and many other excellent parts, among which, skill in Music) he was the most acceptable person in all places he came of his time; except his Enemy's Quarters, where his person was very terrible, his actions more. There is a Bird which hath looks like a man, which killing a man comes to the Water to drink, pineth away by degrees and never after enjoyeth itself. An unhappy duel was a covering to one of these gentlemen's eves all his days, ever after his Conscience loathing what he had surfeited on, refused all challenges with more honour than others accepted them. The fourth of these Gentlemen altered the Scene of the War from Defending to Offending, and from Speeches to Syllogisms of Fire and Sword, gaining much goods, and doing more good in showing that the King was not deserted. 23. Sir Francis and Sir William Carnaby, both Gentlemen of good quality, of Thornum in Northumb. 10000 l. the worse for the War: The one Treasurer of the Northern Army, and the other a Colonel; both after the defeat at Marston-moor accompanying my Lord of Newcastle beyond Sea; whence the first returned with new hopes to serve his Majesty, and was slain at c At which place and time sell the Right Worshipful Sir ●. Hurton Sherburn in Yorkshire, 1645. having time enough to rise on his knees, and cry, Lord have mercy upon me, bless and prosper his Majesty. A short Prayer at death serveth him whose life was nothing but one continued Prayer; and the other died at Paris, not much concerned that he was set by, and not set by; hung up like the Axe when it hath hewed all the hard timber on the Wall, unregarded; and none of those that desired to embroil the Nation in a new War; and like a knavish Chirurgeon out of design to blister the sound flesh into a sore, to gain by the curing of it. 24. Coll. Sir ●. Appl●yard, Dilling. Cumb. the first that entered Leicester, and was therefore Governor of it. Good always at at bold Onsets; but better at prudent Retreats. And to conclude all, 25. The Lord Bard, a Minister's son of our Church, that valiantly fought for it; coming from the University of Cambridge to the Army, advancing by the particular notice his Highness' Prince Rupert took of his large Spirit penned within a narrow Fortune, from a Commoner, by his great Services, to a Baron; leading on the Left hand ●ertia with Sir G. Lisle at Naseby, and bringing off the whole Brigade, otherwise likely to be cut off at Alesford, he with the two London Prentices, Sir T. and W. Bridges, are not the only English instances of men of private Occupations, arriving at great skill in Martial performances: Sir Io. H●wkwood, a General in Florence, was a Tailor, turning his needle to a Sword, and his thimble to a Shield; he appeared not in our Wars as spirits, who are seen once, and then finally vanish, being often put upon Honourable, but Difficult service, to keep places with few men, against a fierce and numerous Enemy; to whom once he set open the gate of Cambden house, his charge, as if deserted, but entertained them so, that they spilt not so much Claret Wine in the house, as they left blood before it. He would often commend Sir Clement Paston method of bounty, Building a fair House for Hospitality, where his serving-men spent their Younger days in waiting upon him; and an Hospital hard by, where they might bestow their Elder years in Recollecting themselves; and say that he descended from that man in Norfolk (he must be a Norfolk man) that went to Law with W. and overthrew the Conqueror. All these brave Gentlemen, both for Camp and Court, for Entertainment and Service, in a March for Valour, and in a Mask for Ingenuity. Gentlemen who were most of them buried in honour, and his Majesty's Cause for a while buried with them, whose Ashes should not be thus huddled together, deserving a more distinct Commemoration; especially those that have been as devout as valiant, and as prudent as devout, their Wit being as sharp as their Swords, and piercing as far into business, as those did into bodies. Sir Francis Gerard, Sir Cecil Trafford, and Coll. Francis Trafford Lancash. Gent. men worthy, Recusants, arming themselves in defence of those Laws by which they suffered; valuing their allegiance above their opinion, and supporting a Government that was imposed upon them, rather than betraying it to them that would impose upon the Nation. With whom I might reckon Sir Peter Brown and his son, of Kidlington, Oxfordsh. who was slain in the service, being mortally wounded at Naseby, and dying at Northampton. Sir Troilus Turbervile, Captain-Lieutenant of his Majesty's Lifeguard, slain in the late Kings march from Newark to Oxford: whose bounty to his Soldiers puts me in mind of my Lord Audley's to his Esquires, who bestowed the Pension of 500 Marks upon them, which the Black Prince bestowed upon him for his service at the battle of Poitiers; and when questioned for it by the Prince, said, These have done me long and faithful service, without whose assistance I being a single man, could have done little; besides the fair Estate left me by my Ancestors, enableth me freely to serve your Highness. Sir a Jo. Fortescue Cookill Worc. Esq paid 234l. for his Loyalty, Jo. Fortescue of Bridlest Esq Devon. 202l. Sir Faithful Fortescue came over to his Majesty at Edgehill with his Troop. Nicholas Fortescue, a Knight of Malta, slain in Lancashire, whose worth is the more to be regarded by others, the less he took notice of it himself; a Person of so dextrous an address, that when he came into notice, he came into favour; when he entered the Court, he had the Chamber, yea the Closet of a Prince; a Gentleman that did much in his person, and as he would say, Let Reputation do tho rest; he and Sir Edmund Fortescue were always observed so wary as to have all their Enemies before them, and leave none behind them. Sir Henry Fortescue, being the most Valiant Commander in H. 5th. time, Sir Ad. Fortescue, the strictest Governor (he was Porter of Calais in H. 7th. time.) Sir Hen. Fortescue, and Sir Io. Fortescue, the most learned Lawyers in Henry 6th. time, Sir Io. Fortescue the wisest Counsellor in Queen Eliz. time (whose studies he was Overseer of) and these Gentlemen very eminent Soldiers in King Charles I. Reign, always prevailing in their parts with parties, as much beneath their Enemies in number, as above them in resolution and temperance; by whom if there were any violence offered, the appearance of these Commanders checked, they carrying civility in their presence against all rudeness, as the Abbot of Battle did a Pardon in his (having power to save any Malefactor he saw going to be executed) in all executions. Col. Cuthbert Coniers of Leighton in Durham, slain at Mulpasse in Cheshire Aug. 1644. and Col. Cuthbert b Major Laurence Clifton and Captain John Clifton slain at Shelford House, Sir Gervase Clifton of Clifton Not. 7625. Clifton slain near Manchester, who could not endure that Rebellion that took Sanctuary in Religion, which wanted a refuge its self, the horns of the Altar pushing it from him; sober men that could not endure to see the English coming to fight now under King Charles, as they did 600 years ago under King Herold, drunk, and not able either to stand to an Enemy (so overcome with drink) nor fly from him; both with Col. Richard Manning slain at Alseford in Hampshire, Col. c There was Coll. Matth. and Ralph Ewer in the King's Army, Sir Sampson Ewer Garley Park Hert. paid 110l. composition. Will. Ewer, Brother to the late Lord Eure slain at Marston-Moor, and his son L. C. Tho. Ewer slain at Newberry. Col. d L. C. Philip Howard, Nephew to the second, and Cousin german to the first, slain near Chester. Tho. Howard, son of Sir Francis Howard, who gained the battle at Adderton-moor (as Eye-witnesses testify, with the loss of his life, june 30. 1643. (one of them that taught the world to plant Laurels on the brow of the Conquered.) Col. Thomas Howard, son to the Lord William Howard, slain at Pi●rebridge in the County of York; the Honourable Sir Francis and Sir Robert Howard, of whose Names there were seven Peers with his Majesty. Col. e Col. Thomas Morgan of Weston, was slain at the first Newberry battle. Thomas, Col. Anthony, and Col. james Morgan, Sir Edward Morgan of Pencoed Mon. whose Loyalty stood him in 1007 l. Sir john Cansfield (who interposed himself between his Majesty, King Charles and the Prince, and the Fury of the Enemy, bringing off both with two dangerous wounds in his own body (as King Charles I. attested under his own hand). The Right Honourable William and Francis, f And his Brother the Honourable Edward Talbot Esq slain, together with Mr. Ch. Townley at Marston-moor Volunteers, and Mr. Charles Sherburne. Col. James Talbor was a Person deserving well of his Majesty, Sherrington Talbot of Salwarpe Wor●. his Estate suffered 2011l. deep. Earls of Shrewsbery, the one attending his former Majesty in all his Wars with great Charge and Prudence, and hardly used by the Parliament who broke th' Articles with him; and the other following his Majesty that now is, in all his straits from Worcester Fight, where he ventured to wait upon him with a gallant Company of Gentlemen to his Restauration, which he attempted often with the hazard of his life, and saw at last to the great comfort of it, according to their Renowned Ancestors the Talbots Motto on their words, more manlike than Elegant, and like a Nobleman rather than a Pedant. Sum Talboti pro defendendo Rege contra Inimicos; neither of them when sent to raise Forces for his Majesty (whose party deserved not the name of an Army, until the Earl of Shrewsbury came in, no more than Henry 7 th'. did, till Sir Gilbert Talbot came to him) answering him, as their Ancestors did Henry 8th. when he sent to him to fortify Calais, who said he could neither fortify, nor sistifie without money. The Right Honourable john lately, and George Nevil, now Lord Abergavenny, the first Baron of Abergavenny (created so by King Harold 2. a Family so potent then, that whereas others boast that they came over with the Conqueror; it may speak a bigger word, viz. That the Conqueror came in with and by it.) Noblemen, whose plain and honest Natures is as good a sign of their Antiquity, as the plainness and simplicity of their Coats and Arms, Sequestered and troubled much beyond the Note in the Catalogue of Compounders comes to. john Lord of Abergavenny 531 l. I say, g To these jadde Sir Henry Constable, Lord Viscount of Dunbar, who died in the service at Scarborough. these and many more Catholics that were faithful to King Charles I. in his distresses from 1642. to 1648. And h Who hath three Crowns added to his Arms with this Motto, Subditus fidelis Regis & Regni salus. Col. Carlese, Sir james Hamilton and others, who were to King Charles II. 1651. in his extremity and Escape, make it probable that Mariana's Institutions, Suarez his Apology, and his Potestas Regia Bell. de Pont. Rom. l. Creswell. Philopatus de offic. Principum, may be Books whose dangerous notion as those of Buchanan and others, among us may be published and discoursed, among those who abhor them; and though they honour the Authors, venture their lives to oppose their Tenets. Sir Richard Lawdy, slain at Cover in Glocestershire, and those two old Soldiers that planted a Seminary in the North, Sir Ingram Hopton, and Sir George Bowles, who fell at Winsby near Horn Castle October 1643. i There was Colonel Jo. and Colonel Thomas Butler, Men much valued and much lamented, as Persons of great Interest in the Associated Counties, and Colonel Croker. William Butler, and Sir William Clark, two Kentishmen of great Quality slain at Cropredybridge june 29. 1644. those two Northern men that swallowed the War in earnest, Sir Thomas Metham, and Sir William Lambton, who died at Marston-moor, the two hardy Courtiers, Sir Thomaas Dallison, and Sir Richard Cave: Sir john Beaumond of Grace Dieu in the County of Leicester, who died in the service; that good Soldier Col. Croker near Oxon. who paid 909 l. need no more than a mention here. Sir Charles Cavendish, son to Sir C. Cavendish, Grandfather to Sir W. C. and Privy-Counsellor and Treasurer of the Chamber to H. 8. Edw. 6. Queen Marry, younger Brother to the most potent a Who lost by the War 733579 l. and his son, the most hopeful Charles Lord Viscount Mansfield, who had an eminent Command under him, died in these times: He was General of the Ordnance. William Duke of Newcastle, inclined from his youth to Learning (particularly the Mathematics) as his Brother was to Chivalry; those studies agreeing better with his vigorous soul, than other exercises did with his weak body; when the liberty of a Camp in the North endangered the very being of Christianity there, the Soldiers retaining little of their Religion, but their Allegiance, as if their service to the King, did excuse their care of their duty to God; Sir Charles his excellent discourses set off with a most sweet nature, and a most strict example, prevailed as successfully over the Army, as they did a great while over their Enemies, keeping, though not improving their charge; though indeed it was much improved, in that it was not impaired all the while he had the charge of it; partly by the Valour of his Person, and partly by the advantage of his Country, making so stout a resistance, that they whose successes made them fly in other parts of the Kingdom, could a great while but creep in the North: a Country that showed itself as Valiant in what it did, as patient in what it suffered; their Hands & Arms being as good as Backs and Shoulders. He was the person entrusted by the Northern parts to welcome her Majesty 1643. with a brave Body of Horse to guard her: and the Person entrusted by her with 20 Troops of Horse, 2000 Foot, and 500 Arms more to protect them. Great his care of Ammunition, as Master of the Ordnance, and greater of Money, as Treasurer of the Northern parts, till the defeat at Marston-moor (when a brave Troop of Gentlemen desired him and his Brother to Led them up to perish Honourably, rather than outlive the consequence of that day) after which he went over with his Brother to Holland and France, whence returning 1651. upon my Lord Chancellor and others persuasions, to compound for his Estate (which he protested he had rather lose than have it by composition from the Enemy.) After the settlement of that, and some little Remainder of the Dukes, he died, if he can die that lives in so Honourable a Monument as the Works of his dearest Sister, the Heroic Princess, the Duchess of Newcastles; With this Inscription, The most generous and charitable man having; never Courting, yet winning all men: the pass to their heart he made through their brain, who first admired and then loved him. A Character most agreeable to his Honourable Cousin b I find Sir Charles Cavendish of Wellingon Line. 2048l. deep in the Goldsmiths-Hall Book, and Francis Cavendish of Debridge Derby 480l. The Lord Henry Cavendish was a Person of great Command. Charles Cavendish Esq (Brother to the Right Honourable William Earl of Devonshire, whose eminent services and sufferings deserve this Motto, Premendo sustulit, ferendo vicit; a person of no vulgar parts himself; and a Patron of those who are above the ordinary Learning,) Qui arte militari ita inclaruit, ut vividae ejus virtuti nihil fuerit impervium, (it being as impossible for him not to be, as not to be active) being a Commissioner in the Northern Array, secured Lincoln and Gainsborough; whence being Governor of that place, he issued out to the relief of the surprised Earl of Kingston, he was overpowered; and his horse carrying him off over the Trent, but sticking in the Mud, he died, magnanimously, refusing quarter; and throwing the blood that ran from his wounds in their faces that shed it, with a spirit as great as his blood: his goodness was as eminent as his valour, and he as much beloved by his Friends, as feared by his Enemies. Sir Walter Pie of Mind in Herefordshire, equally a friend to the Mitre and to the Crown; and therefore as zealous in maintaining the last in the Field against Usurpation, as he was in Parliament in purging the other of Simony; a great lover of Ministers and consecrated men. Conceiving it more credit and safety to go from the Parliament house, than to be driven, he retired to serve his Majesty in Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and Glocestershire, against the Scotified English, expending 20000 l. as he had gone into the North against the Frenchified Scots, expending 5000 l. of a grateful Guest becoming a bountiful Host to his Majesty. For which services he was twice a Prisoner in the Wars at Hereford and Bristol, and four times after suffered in Goldsmiths-hall, (which like the Doomsday Book of the Conqueror omitted, nec Lucum, nec Lacum, nec Locum, though Favourites were rated, nec adspatium, nec ad pretium, as it was said of the Abbey of Crowland, in that Book) 2649. as Sir Edmund Pie of Lachamstead, Bucks. was 3225. Sir Walter Pie was prisoner with Sir William Crofts Sir William Crofts was slain at Stokesey, Shrop. June 9 1645. James Crofts, Her. Will. Crofts, Devon. Christoph. Crofts, and Edward Crofts, York. paid 700l. for their Loyalty. (the R. Bishop of Hereford's elder brother, who being a person of very great abilities, had left the Court, 1626. for some words against the D. of B.) in its prosperity; and being of great Integrity, came to help it, 1640. in its adversity; insomuch that King Charles I. when he saw him put on his armour at Edge-hill, admired it first, and afterwards was very glad of it, being, he said, the only man in England he feared; being looked upon as able enough to be Secretary of State always, and as the fittest man at that time, being a man enured to great observations; and constant business from his childhood) and Coll. Conisby b Tho. Conisby, Morton Baggot, Worcest. paid 91 l, (a near relation no doubt, and no disgrace to him, to Sir Conisby High Sheriff of Hertfordshire, who being told that some Enemies had prevailed to make him Sheriff, answered, I will keep never a Man the more, nor never a Dog the less, for all that: and who for publishing his Majesty's Proclamation, and executing his Commission of Array, was a Prisoner in the Fleet, I think, as long as his soul was prisoner in his body; his person being first seized, and then his Estate,) were the persons with whose death Fines threatened the Earl of Forth, in case he should proceed against any of their way, knowing them worth their whole Party. Herod might have salved his oath, because St. john baptist was worth more than half the Kingdom. France, France, France, pronounced by the Herald of France, answered to all the Titles of Castille, Arragon, etc. pronounced by him of Spain. Patrick Ruthen c General King, a good Scotch Soldier, bred (and I think) after the defeat at Marston-Moor, died in the Swedish service: and Sir Jo. Brown, a good Commander, slain 1650. infight with Lambert. Earl of Forth and Brentford, a Scotch man, and therefore an excellent Soldier, bred in the Low-Countries many years, and serving his Majesty of Sweden in Germany as many: A wary man, as appeared in his ordering (for he modelled that fight) the Battle at Edgehil; and a stout man, as was seen at Brentford and Gloucester, leading his forces so gallantly in the first of these places, that with his own Regiment he cut off three of the best belonging to the Parliament; and drawing his line so near and close about the other, that he was shot in the head, in both the Newberry battles, Brandean Heath fight, and near Banbury; in all which places, considering the hazard of his person, shot in the arms, mouth, leg, and shoulder; admirable was the stediness of his spirit and his present courage and resolution to spy out all advantages and disadvantages, and give direction in each part of a great Army. A hail man made for the hardship of Soldiers, being able to digest any thing, but injuries; the weight of his mean birth depressed not the wings of his great mind, which by Valour meditated advancement; being resolved (as the Scotch man said of his Countrymen when sent abroad young) to do or # Die. dee. He had a faculty of sending to a besieged City by significant Fireworks form in the air in legible characters: and a Princes always, though by the fortune of War he had it sometimes imprisoned in a poor man's purse; minding not the present benefit; but the happy issue of the War, this being the only way to secure that. This old Priam having buckled on his armour in vain, left his Country to advise the Prince in Holland, France, and at Sea, when there was no fight for his Father at Land. Having seen the Scots (after his very intercessions) accept of his Master for their Prince, he designed, as old as he was, broken with years and hardship, to march in the head of an Army to settle him in England; but though, bearing up his spirit with a Review of his great actions and renowned life (as a man having passed a large Vale, takes great pleasure to look back upon it from the Hill he resteth on) he did about 1650. being sure, that as the Air, however depressed by a certain Elastical power, will yet recover its place; so the Consciences of the English and Scots, however kept under, would yet in time get up their sentiments of Duty and Allegiance. Many Captains great actions had been greater, if reported less: but this noble person will be believed the more, because expressed so little. It is pity the Scots brave spirits should be debauched to Rebellion, who do so bravely for their allegiance. Coll. Leak, slain at Newark, and Mr. Leak found dead with his Enemy's Colours about his arms at Landsdown fight; both sons to the Right Honourable Francis Leak, and brothers to the Right Honourable Nicholas, now # created 16 4. Baron Deincourt, and Earl of Scarcedale; both active in his Majesty's service, being in the number of the Peers, reckoned in the Declaration of the Parliament at Oxford to the Parliament at Edinburgh, absent thence on his Majesty's occasions, in settling his Contributions, and money, his Garrisons and Ports, together with his Army and the discipline of it: both eminently suffering, as it should seem by this Note; Francis Lord Deincourt P. Lancelot Leak, and Tho. Leak, Esq with 382 l. per annum, settled 1994 l. 12 s. 7 d. Molumenta, Dolumenta, the Shipwrecks of some, are the Sea-marks of others; the last Dog catching the Hare, when all the rest tired themselves in running after it. The Right Honourable William Lord Ogle, d Sir William Ogle Wind. South. paid composition 1042 l. James Ogle, Causy Park, Northumb. 324 l. and Sir Jo. Ogle, Linc. (who having bestirred himself among the ancient Tenants of his Family in the North; for the cold wind of the North keep their Estates long close to the owners; while the warm Gales of the South make them, as the Fable is of the Cloak, often shift them,) to raise a brave Brigade of Horse; and after some services there, being sent for to Oxford, he submitted himself discreetly in the disposal of them: exchanging his Field Command for a Garrison: one being (as I read) Governor of Winchester, which he kept as long as there was a piece of it tenable, with e There was Sir Peter Courtney of Tresher, Cornw. 326 l. Richard Courtney of Luneret, Cornw. 437 l. Jo. Courtney Esq of Mollane, Devon. 750 l. Sir Will. Courtney, Sir john Pawlet, William Pawlet Paulstones, South. 544 l. He died in these times, but his honour died not with him, being, as I take it, devolved upon a younger son of my Lord's Grace of Newcastle. Sir Michael Ernely, an old Soldier, bred in the Low-Countries, that used himself by lying on the Ground, Watching, Hunger, and other exercises of hardship, in his first and lowest capacities in the War, as fitted him for the highest: An unwearied man, night and day in armour about affairs either of the Field or Country: After eminent services done against the Rebels in Ireland, he came with Colonel Monk (the Renowned Duke of Albemarl) upon the King's Majesty's Orders, against as bad in England; and writ thus to those Parliament Commissioners, that upon his Landing desired to treat with him. Although we are sensible how unworthily the Parliament hath deserted us, yet we are not returned without his Majesty's special Commission: If you have the like from the King, for the Arms you carry, we shall willingly treat with you; otherwise we shall behave ourselves like Soldiers and faithful Subjects. Hawarden Nou. 10. 1643. M. E. He was slain at the surprisal of Shrewsbury, (the treachery and weakness whereof had gone to his heart, if his Enemy's sword had not) Feb. 22. 1644. having drawn off, by a peculiar art he had, most of the Parliament old Soldiers to his Majesty's side, fixing his design generally where there were some Irish, or Low-Country Soldiers. The Right Honourable james Hay Earl of Carlisle, son of james Hay, the first Earl of that name, Created Sept. 13. 1622. a Prodigal of his Estate to serve his Sovereign and his Friends in the time of War, as his Father was to serve his in the arts of Peace, as Feast, Masques, etc. Royal was King james his munificence towards his Father, and noble his towards King james his son. One of his Ancestors saved Scotland against an Army of Danes, with a yoke in a Whence a Yoke is their Supporters. his hand; his Father saved King james from the Gowries with a Knife in his hand; and he would have defended King Charles I. with a sword in his hand, first as a Volunteer at Newberry, 1643. where he was b As was Mr. Edw. Sackvile, Earl of Dorsets son, afterwards barbarously murdered near Oxford: a general Scholar, and a good Chemist. Coll. Dervy, Major General George Porter, Lieutenant Colonel Ed. Villiers were hurt then near my Lord, the last dying afterwards of the Small Pox. Coll. Jo. Spencer, who with his posterity was voted to an extirpation out of the Kingdom, because those Colours were supposed to be his, which had a Parliament house on them, with two Gunpowder Traitors on that, and this Motto, Ut Extra sic Intus. wounded; and afterwards as Col. till he yielded himself at the same time with his Sovereign, paying 800 l. composition; and giving what he could save from his Enemies, in largesses to his friends, especially the learned Clergy; whose prayers and good converse he reckoned much upon, as they did upon his charities; which completed his kindness with bounty, as that adorned his bounty with courtesy; courtesy not affected, but naturally made up of humility, that secured him from envy; and a civility that kept him in esteem: he being happy in an expression that was high, and not formal; and a Language that was Courtly, and yet real. Sir Walter, Sir William, Sir Char. Vavasor, a Family equally divided between the North and Wales, in their seats always, and in their Commands in the War; Sir William being employed by his Majesty with a strong Party to awe and caress the Welsh side of Glocestershire and Herefordshire, did his business very effectually, by the good discipline of his men, and the obliging way of his own carriage; to which he added the skill of two or three good Pens, to draw Letters and Declarations; for which purpose it was at first that O. C. entertained Ireton. He was as good at approaching a Garrison as at closing with the Country, making the best Leaguer Sir I. Ashley ever saw, with his Welsh Forces, on the North Gate of Gloucester, by a dextrous line of Communication drawn between him and the Worcester Guard. And as good at checking a great Garrison, by little actions, and vigilant and active Guards on the several Passes; as he did as Commander in chief of the Glocestershire Forces, as at besieging it; besides that, having been an experienced Soldier, he knew how to work upon Soldiers and Officers, to trepan and betray Garrisons; but being drawn off to Marston-moor, and disgusted with the miscarriage of that great battle, he went over with my Lord of Newcastle, General King a Scotch man, the Earl of Carnworth, Col. Basil, a Sir Arthur Basset, Knighted by the Duke of Normandy, who had power of Knighting, Life and Death, Coining, Printing, etc. Sir Thomas Basset, Arthur Basset Esq Devon. Col. Mozon to Hamborough, and thence to the Swedish service, wherein he died under the Walls of Coppenhagen 1658/9. Thomas Vavasor of Weston York paid 593 l. 19 s. 2 d. for his fidelity, and William Vavasor of Weston York 469 l. for his. The Right Honourable, the b Whose escape at Winc. was admirably contrived, not only to his safety, but the converting of many to his Majesty's side, and sowing of Dissension among the Enemies. Lord Grandison, who received his Death's wound at Bristol, after he had laid a design, prevented by a ridiculous mistake to entrap Fines 1643. with his gallant Brigade of Horse that never charged till they touched the Enemy's Horses-head; after he had charged through and through (notwithstanding four wounded, two Horses killed under him; twelve men at once upon him upon Prince Rupert being in great danger to the dismaying of the Army having no room for grief or fear, anger had so fully possessed his soul) looking as if he would cut off the Enemy with his Eyes, before he did it with his Arms) at the raising of the siege at Newark the same year; and after he had brought (in his dexterous way of marching Horse) several supplies through the thickest of his Enemies to Oxford, where his Counsels and Advices were as pertinent, as his Actions were noble, King Charles I. saying at his death, that he lost of him a good Counsellor, and an honest resolved man, free from spleen, as if he had always lived by the Medicinal Waters of St. Vincents Rock, near which he was wounded, left the Garrison of Oxford and Bristol should have Lank after their Bank: he was very forward in motions as well as sallies out, for the furnishing of their Granaries, for which the better sort had cause to commend him, and the meaner sort to bless him, who never have more than they needed; and sometimes needed more than they have. The Right Honourable H. Earl of Danby, who received his Death's wound at Burmingham, son of Sir john Danvers, and Elizabeth Nevil, the Lord Latimers' Daughter and Co-heir, born at Dantsey in Wiltshire 157. where he was buried 1643. first entered in the Low-country Wars under Maurice Prince of Orange, who made him a Captain of Foot at Eighteen, then eminent in the Wars of France under H. 4. who Knighted him for a great Action he did before his face at twenty one. After that, he was I Captain of a great Ship in the Voyages of Cales and Portugal, under the Earl of Nottingham Lord Admiral, who professed he was the best Sea-Captain in England at twenty five. 2 He was Lieutenant-General of the Horse, and Sergeant Major of the whole Army in Ireland, under the Earl of Essex and the Lord Mountjoy, before thirty made Baron of Dantsey, Lord Precedent of Munster, and Governor of Guernsey, where (as may be seen in a Survey of jersey and Guernsey, by Dr. Heylin, who went his Chaplain a And preferred by him, as appeared by the Docquet book. thither 1628.) he settled the Ecclesiastical and Civil Government, to the great satisfaction of the Inhabitants; and proposed a way to spoil the Trade between St. Maloes' and Sein, with eight ships, to the undoing of the b At the same time with the Isle of the busisiness. French. By K. Charles the I. created Earl of Danby Privy-Counsellor, and Knight of the Ga●ter, whose Installation (being the utmost England could do in honour of this Earl, in Emulation of what Scotland did in honour of the Earl of Morton: the Scottish Earl (like Xeuxes his Picture) being adorned with all Arts and Costliness while the English Peer (like the plain sheet of Apelles) got the advantage of him by the Rich, Plainness, and Gravity of his Habit,) was the greatest solemnity ever known in the Memory of Man: the composition for his large Estate, is the greatest in the whole Catalogue, being one and twenty thousand, five hundred and ninety seven pound, six shillings, not abating the odd two pence. This minds me of Sir Thomas Danby of Fornley York, who paid 780l. The Right Honourable, Jerome and Charles Weston, Earls of Portland, son and Grandchild of Richard Weston Earl of Portland 8 Car. I. Lord High Treasurer of England; the first a Person of a very able and searching judgement (the first discoverer of the so artificially masked Intentions of the Faction;) well furnished, as well as polished with various Learning, which enabled him to speak pertinently and fully to all propositions, signified by the gravity, and modesty of his Aspect, made up of quick and solid apprehensions, set off with the dignity and dependence of his Port and Train, supported by magnificence and frugality, sweetened with courtesy without compliment, obligingness without slattery (he being a great observer of solid respects, and an Enemy of empty formalities) died 1663/4. a great Statesman, well seen in Sea Affairs under King Charles II. and the other a very hopeful Gentleman, was slain at Sea june 1665. in his Voluntary attendance upon his Highness the Duke of York; when fell the rear-admiral Sansum (a private man of a public spirit, that aimed not so much to return wealthier, as wiser; not always to enrich himself, but sometimes to inform Posterity, by very useful Discoveries of Bays, Rivers, Creeks, Sands, Autens, whereof some were occasional, others intentional.) The Honourable the Lord Muskerry and c Who himself paid for his Loyalty and Estate in England 1631 l. Mr. boil, second son to the Right Honourable the Earl of Burlington. The Right Honourable, the Lord Francis Villiers (Brother to his Grace the Duke of Buckingham) the comeliest man to see to, and the most hopeful to converse with in England, slain for refusing Quarter at Comb-Park july 7. a He was born April 2. on Maunday-Thursday 1629. 8 Meaneth, and Christened by my Lord of Canterbury Laud, April 21. the same year. Anno Dom. 1648. Aet. suoe 19 the sweetness of his temper, the vastness of his Parts and Abilities, the happiness of his Education, and his admirable Beauty, which had charmed the most barbarous to a Civility, being the occasion of the Enemies Beastly usage of him, not fit to be mentioned. The Right Honourable William Lord Widdrington, Precedent of the Council of War under my Lord of Newcastle in the North, and Commander in chief of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Rutlandshire, under Prince Rupert; of as great affections towards his Majesty, as the Country was towards him, whom they desired to live and die under for his four excellent Qualities. 1 Skill. 2 Vigilance. 3 Sobriety. 4 Integrity and Moderation. When he went over with the Duke of Newcastle to Hamborough, Holland, and France, after the defeat of Marsto●moor, he told a friend of his that he lost 35000l. by the War; and when after he had waited on his Highness the Prince of Wales in his Counsels at Paris and the Hague, in his Treaties with the Scots and English: in the command of the Fleet 1648. and in the Conduct of the Northern Army that same year, he lost his life in marching to his assistance into England with the Earl of Derby at Wiggan in Lancashire Aug. 3. 1650. Col. Thomas Blague, hath at the coming in at the North-door of Westminster Abbey, on the left hand, this Elegant History drawn up, as I am informed by Dr. Earls then Dean of that Church. Tho. Blague, Armiger in Agro Suffolciensi nobili & Antiqua familia oriundus; vir Egregiis animi & Corporis Dotibus; quibus artes honestas conjunxerat, clarus militia, & duobus Regibus Carolo I. & II. sidus Imprimis ac gratus; Quibus (ad utriusque Interioris Cubiculi honorislca ministeria ad lectus) utilem operam navaverat; praecipue in bello Arci Wallingfordiensi Impositus, quam Caeteris paene omnibus expugnatis diu fortiter tenuit, nec nisi rege jubante praesidio excessit. Nec minora foras pertulit pro regis Causa diu in exilio jactatus, saepe in patria Captivus. Fidem Integram singulari exemplo approbavit. Et tandem sub Regis Faelicissimo reditu Cohortis stipatorum Tribunatu, & praefectura jarmuthiae & Praesidii Langurensis donatus. Potuit majora sperare, sed Immatura morte Interceptus Principem plane suum (Cui in adversis constantissime adhaeserat) jam muneratorem suturum in secundis desoruit. Obiit Christiane ac pic 14. die Nou. Anno Salutis 1660. Aetatis suae 47. An History that Caeteris paribus will suit with, 1. Sir b I find this Note in the Black Book of Goldsmiths-Hall; Sir Will. Campian Comwel Kent 1397l. W. Campian, as famous for his services at Borstall House, whereof he was Governor, as Col. Blague was at Wallingford, both restless men. The latter accomplishments puts me in mind of the Maid presented to King james for a Rarity, because she could speak and write pure Latin, Greek, and Hebrew; the King returned, But can she spin, meaning, was she as useful (as this Knight was) Learned; as none more stern if occasion required, so none more gentle, in so much that he deserved the Honour and Title, Sigismond the Emperor being here in England with King H. the 5 this. leave, bestowed on the greatest Soldier of his time, viz. (true Courage and Courtesy are Individual Companions) the Father of Courtesy. He said he went to the Wars to fight with his Loyal-Countrymen; but to Colchester to perish with them, as he did in a brave sally july 1648. 2. Sir Thomas Armstrong, who having done as much as a man could do in England and Ireland, offered to do more than a man in the Isle of Man, that is, maintain it against all the Parliaments Forces by Sea and Land. 3. Sir john Bois, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, being likely to be cast away in his passage to France, desired that he should be tied to the Mast with his Arms about him, that he might, if any either Noble or Charitable found his body, be Honourably buried. Sir john Bois need desire no more than one plain stone of Dennington Castle (where he did the King faithful service, refusing to surrender it either to Essex, or Manchester, or Horton, or the Scots Army, who plied him for six week's night and day; bidding them spare blood as they pleased, for he would venture his, denying a Treaty with his own Brother) to make him an honourable Monument: (Ancient his Family in Kent, and well-deserving of the Church (especially since Dr. john Bois his time, the best Postiller of England) and therefore since the Restauration of the Church, he was near the most eminent Person in it, being Steward to the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury) and his saving the King's Army and Artillery in their coming off from the second Newberry fight, with a pace faster than a Retreat, and slower than a flight. His Epitaph. There was another Sir John Bois a Col. a Gentleman of great Expedition in dispatching Affairs in the King's Army. 4. Sir William Courtney, who is transmitted to Posterity, as partner in great Actions with Sir Francis Dorrington now in France, as I take it, with her Majesty, and Col. Webbe an old Germane Soldier dear to Prince Rup●rt, and the best Horse man, a Horse-Commander of his time in England: Totos Infusa per artus Major in Exiguo regnabat Corpore virtus. Eminent for flanking the Enemy about Banbury, so dexterously as well as valiantly, that with a 1000 Horse he dispersed 5000 of the Enemy, though shot in the hand, and both the thighs. a Sir Tho. Holt of Aston come. Warwick paid 4401l. 2 s. 4 d. Sir Tho. Hole of Fleet-Damorell Devon. 280l. per annum setletd, and 400l. in Money, Rob. Holt of Castleton Lane. Esq 150l. Col. M●rmaduke Holthy, the watchful Governor of Monmouth, who by his vigilance lost it; for upon a contrived Intelligence of the Parliament Forces, retiring in some disorder towards Gloucester, he Commands Kirle with a 100 Horse to pursue them as it was agreed, who closed with them, and returning, got the Town opened to them, whence he hardly escaped over the dry graft. But regaining it (being the Key of South-wales, by Sir William Blaxtons resolute Thomas Webbe of Rich. Surrey Esq paid 345 l. Composition. Onset with his Horse Brigade) next week with as great a Conduct as Kirle lost it with Treachery. Col. Richard, a Kentish Gentleman of good personal valour (under the good old Earl of Cleaveland) both at Newberry in the Newberry fights, where he exceeded his Command; at Sherburn, where he exceeded expectation, (upon the surrender of which place he was taken prisoner) and at Colchester where he exceeded belief. Sir Thomas Hooper, a Wiltshire Gentleman, at first a Shoemaker in England, at last a Soldier in the Low-Countries; where he attained so much skill, as upon his Invitation over by Coll. Goring to have the Command of a Regiment of Dragoons: with which Regiment he performed so much service that he was Knighted; and which honour he wore so well, that to say no more, he deserved it; often with execution laying that sword over his Enemy's shoulders, which his Majesty laid over his. a I find Sir Tho. Manwaring, Tho. Manwaring, Peter Manwaring, and Elisha Manwaring, all Cheshire Gentlemen, 2000 l. deep in Goldsmith's hall. Sir Will. Manwaring, and Sir Henry Fletcher, slain both at Westchester; Coll. Francis and Col. Io. Stuart, in quibus erat insignis piet as in deum, mira charit as in proximos, singulares observantia in major●s, mitis affabilitas in inferiores, dulcis humanitas in omnes, multiplex doctrina, redundans facundia, incredibilis Religionis Orthodoxae zelus: men in whom Valour was not all their Arts, born to adorn as well as defend their Country. Sir john Girlington, and Mr. William Girlington, slain near Melton-Mowbray, Leicest. and his Widow, as I take it, of Southam Cave York. fined 1400 l. a person that had much learning in his Books, more in his Breast; where Nations were ranked as orderly as the men in his Regiment, and as quietly as the species of his various prospects (for he was well seen in Optics) in his eye. One too too good for War, and deserved to be as far from danger, as free from fear. Sir Richard Cholmley slain at Lime in Dorsetshire, Sir Anthony Maunsel slain at Newberry. Sir Tho. Gardiner and his brother slain about Oxford. The first with Sir Hugh Cholmley of Whitby, York. who suffered 5000 l. deep; Henry Cholmley and Richard his son, who paid 347 l. Tho. Cholmley, of Vale Royal, Cheshire, who compounded for 450 l. and the Lord Cholmley who paid 7742 l. who might be called as his Ancestor was for 50 years together, The Father of his Country; who no sooner moved in their respective Countries in his Majesty's behalf, but it was incredible with what cheerfulness, their motion meeting with loyal and well affected inclinations, was entertained with; all meetings applauding their propositions about this Loyal, as the Council of Clermont in France did Pope Vrbane II. Speech about the Holy War, with a God willeth it, looking upon all the pretensions of God and Spirit on the other side, but like the Christians in the foresaid War, carrying a Goose with them in their Voyage to jerusalem, pretending it to be the Holy Ghost: their thoughts beginning where others ended, and having a privy project beyond the public design. The second with Mr. Henry Maunsel, of Llandewy, Glamorgan, Esq and five more Gentlemen of that worshipful name, was ready to mortgage their own Estates to secure the Kings (selling Land for Gold to purchase propriety with Steel and Iron) and were 30000 l. the worse for the War. The third extracted of that Nation, I mean the French, which wanteth a proper word to express stand, were overactive when engaged, though (like a heavy Bell that is long a raising, but being got up made a loud sound) considering enough before they engaged. Gentlemen, that deserve a fame in as many Languages as they understood; and an honour from as many Persons and Nations, as they imitated in their Manners, Wisdom, Learning, and Piety, who lived up to the excellency of each part of the World they traveled, as if they had been born in it. Gentlemen, that were Masters of an Universal Speech to express their Universal Learning; and to furnish men born not to one Nation but to all, having a vast knowledge, but that they had vaster minds. a Coll. Rice, and Coll. William Thomas were active men in those parts. Sir Nicholas Kemish of Kevenmably in Caermarthen, slain at Chepstow in Monmouthshire, whose Ancestors blood was as noble in his vein as in their own; who had the Sail of Valour poised with the Ballast of Judgement. With a fanned Army, as he called it, he cunningly surprised Chepstow by a slight, with the hazard of his life, keeping it against all force, (refusing any Treaty) with the loss of it; the resolute and noble being killed in cold blood, O. C. saying, that if he had had a fortnight's time longer, he had overthrown all the price of their blood and treasure. Col. Hugh, and Coll. William Wynn, and Sir Lodowick Wyer a Dutch man slain at Banbury, where their bad Breakfast discouraged not their Friends from their dinner in the Wars: a good Conscience goeth on through difficulties (which the bad one needs no Enemy but itself, having always a storm in the Heart, what ever weather it is in the Face) being not like those who see not their own good, for too intent looking on it. But of these Gentlemen before. The Marquis De Vienvill, a French Lord, slain at the first Newberry fight: as Baron Done (kinsman to the Prince of Orange) fallen at Nottingham) the Nobility of all Nations assisting in so just and so general a cause.) 10. Sir Francis and Sir Richard Dacres, the one dying at Marston-Moor, and the other at York, together with Sir Thomas Dacres, whose Ancient and Martial Spirits were not quenched in that age of Peace that gave little countenance and less encouragement to men of Service and Action; and those parts, though the Frontiers, (which in Kingdoms are to be looked after as carefully as doors in Houses) were so ill furnished, that they had nothing left them in the beginning of the Wars, but the Primitive Arms of Prayers and Tears; and had been easily conquered, had not the experienced Soldiers (breathed Deer, are not caught so soon) made their Country as strong by Art, as it was by Nature, till Art and Valour was rather stifled, than overcome by multitude. When these Gentlemen in vain encouraging their Countrymen much with their words, more with their actions, fell rather, than as their Companions they would guard their brave heads with their nimble heels. The Right Honourable Henry Lord Piercy, son of the Right Honourable Henry, and brother of the Mirror of English Nobility, (for a well-governed Greatness, his house being a College for Discipline, and a Court for Grandieur) the most noble and potent Algernoon Piercy Earl of Northumberland, Baron Piercy, Lacie, Poynings, Fitz-pain, and Brian, Knight of the Garter, and of the Bath, whose Ancestor H. Baron Piercy of Alnewick, was at the Coronation of Richard 2. 1377. created Earl of Northumberland; a person of a stern spirit, and a great capacity; the first inclining him to Arms, which he handled with honour abroad; the other to Studies, which he followed with success at home: being at once a very stout, and a very wise man, useful in the Field, and in Council; having a great command of the Northern Army, 1639, 1640. and a good stroke in the English Parliament, being able with his care of, (especially in point of pay) and interest in the first, to awe the second as he did 1641. to give the Army good words, and make his Majesty great promises as long as that Army had a being in England, and he a Command in it. When he could no longer serve his Majesty in Parliament (where he must expose his person to the rudeness, and his opinion to the suggestions of the multitude) he countenanced his affairs in the North (where the name could at any time raise an Army, and interest to support it) where he grew as formidable, as he had been rendered in the South contemptible. My Lord with great hazard attended his Majesty in all dangers, being thrice dangerously wounded; and with great resolutions in all Council; at York, for preparing for War; at a Subscribing all Declarations there. Oxford for accommodations of Peace, being made june 28. 1643. a Peer of the Realm, Lord Chamberlain of his Majesty's Household, and the only person entrusted with the conduct of her Majesty from the North to her dear Consort at Oxford, and of four deputed to assist her in Councils in France. As the Beaver bites off his stones, for which he is hunted to save himself; so he quitted his Estate to save his Person, being excepted from Indemnity, though he hazarded his Majesty's displeasure to procure them (in order to a peace) theirs. He died suffering with Majesty beyond Sea, having this character, That he would not take an affront from the greatest person, nor give any to the meanest. With whom b Sir Jo. Morley of Chich. Sussex, paid 500 l. Sir Ed. Moseley of Hunyden Lanc. 4874. Kuthbert Morley, 288 l. Sir john Morley the loyal Major of Newcastle, Sir john Mallory of Studley, York. (who paid 2219 l.) Sir Nich. Cole of Newcastle (who paid 564 l.) Bryan Cook of Doncast. York. (with 18 l. per annum, settled 1832 l.) Sir William Wentworth slain at Marston-Moor, and Sir George Wentworth of Welly (who paid 3188 l.) Thomas Wentworth of Bretton York. (350 l.) The Honourable Sir Francis Fanc of Ashton, York. (1315 l.) Sir Richard Gleddal, killed at Marston-Moor: c I find Will. Savile of Wakefield, York. Esq 600 l. deep in the Goldsmiths-ball Books, and Tho. Lord Savile 4000 l. Sir Will. Savile Governor of Sheffield, where he found Iron Works very serviceable to his Majesty, dying in the Service at York. Sir Brian Stapleton slain at Rowton-Heath near Chester. Sir Tho. Strickland of Thornton Biggs, York. who paid 943 l. Sir Robert Stapleton, an Ingenious person, that translated juvenal's satire, Pliny's Panegyric, and other excellent Authors, not only into his own Language, but into his own person: being a just wit, and not only a strong Oxford Metaphor; a forced and affected simile; a short sentence, an unclean ribaldry, a juggling Anagram, Acrostic, or Rhyme (jests saith one, for Dutch men and English boys) not a fluent tale, or a flashy jest, but a brisk thought, and an equal apprehension of each thing he saw or heard. Col. Samuel Tuke, as well known by his adventures of 18 years in the Germane Wars, of 5 years in the English Engagement, of 12 weeks in the a Where he mediated for the terms they had there. Colchester and Kentish action, of 12 years in banishment (where he was the first that broke into the Traitor manning's Closet, and caught in the very act of correspondence with the Rebels) of some years' tuition of young Noblemen (being as accomplished a Gentleman himself, as Study and Travel could make him.) The Lord Ethyn, Sir Tho. Danby, Sir Charles, Sir Robert, and Sir Tho. Dallison, Sir William Dalton, the 6 last of whom lost 36000 l. by the War: Sir Rich. Goodhill, wounded in Wales, and died at Worcester. Sir George Baker who kept Newcastle against the Scots, (as they writ themselves to the Parliament) with a Noble opposition, yielding them not an inch of ground but what they gained with infinite loss, and speaking as big (to use the Scotch men's words) at last as at first; and letting them blood to cure them of their Pleurisy of Pride on the wrong side; keeping the Besiegers so long, until their Victuals grew short, and they admired rather than assaulted him; yea when they offered the place, the Enemy refused it, suspecting some deceit in the tender: as bad men measure other men's minds by the crooked rule of their own, between death, and death the Foe without, and hardships within, being no way dismayed with some men's stealing away (the loss of Cowards being gain to an Army) they generally resolved rather to lose their lives by wholesale on the point of the sword, than to retail them out by Famine, which is the worst of Tyrants, and murdereth men in State while they die in not dying, and armed with despair (valour swells being crushed between two extremes) dispute each inch of the Town (which was ransacked by the angry men, whose passion, like heavy bodies down steep hills, once in motion move themselves, and know no ground but the bottom,) and keeping the Castle till the Scots, after long fasting, not measuring their stomaches by the Standard of Physic; and dieting themselves till nature by degrees could digest their meat; by surfeiting, digged many of their Graves with their teeth. The Right Honourable Tho. Lord Fanshaw, of Aware Park, Hertf. Clerk of the Crown to his Majesty, who besides that, he lent 2000 l. towards the Scots expedition; and suffered 30000 l. by the English War, paid for his Loyalty 1310 l. as Sir Simon Fanshaw did 600 l. and Tho. Fanshaw of fenkins come. Essex Esq with 80 l. per annum, settled 500 l. but especially the Honourable Sir Richard Fanshaw, my Lord's Brother, bred in Cambridge, whereof he died Burgess; and at Court, where he died a Minister. A Gentleman of great and choice Learning, and of a great Wit, appearing in Lusiad and o● their Poems as well Originals as b Translations the Arguments of his ability as well as modesty, since no Genius less than his that writ should attempt Translation, though few, but those that cannot write translate, J.D. in Fr. TWO Pastor Fido. Translations, to set off that knowledge, yet using both as they conduced to the higher Ends of great business and honourable Employments; the one as the weight, the other as the Edge of his actions, in whom the Statesman saw the burial of the Poet and Orator, as Charles the 5 th'. assisted at his Funeral. His travels were so many Victories over the times, and the Vices of those places he lived in; no insight into the Arts and Intrigues of ill, being able to bias his soul from its noblest design of virtue, whereof he learned from bad Customs, the excellent practice, and of truth, which he taught all the Languages he was Master of (as an exquisite Latinist as Englishman; a facete Italian, an exact Spaniard, a fluent French man, and a skilful Portugez:) to speak a strange Current; this that passing through several soils, yet received no taints from the several passages; nor ever traveled from his own nature. Having had the honour to serve his Majesty in his younger years with such fidelity, and dutiful affection to his Person, which found his gracious acceptance, together with some encouragement from his own mouth to hope a new, and a more fixed relation to him in the future; and having in times unhappy indeed to the State, but glorious to many good men (to whose abilities and integrity calms had been no trials) run all the hazards of his suffering Master, and his afflicted Cause in the quality of his Secretary in Holland, France, Scotland, and what was more at Worcester, where he was wounded and taken Prisoner (such services without worldly hope to allure) could have only pure Conscience for their principle; and it was the bare Right of his Master, joined with a love to the owner, and a belief of Providence made him digest all the misfortunes of an unhappy allegiance; having I say, thus deserved of his Majesty in his afflictions, he knowing his abilities, were as great as his merits, advanced him at his Restauration, to be one of the Masters of Request; The great Ambassador of honour to Woo his Queen for Marriage in the Court of Portugal 1661. 1662. 1663. where he behaved himself with a great Address, and of business to work his Allies to a firmer Peace, by Treaty of Commerce in the Court of Spain 1664. 1665. where he managed things with great Integrity, being so far above private advantages, that he nobly threw away that Wealth which others grasp at, to preserve Kingdoms; tying himself with the same truth to the business of his Prince, that he had done to his Fortune at Madrid: He died july 1666. leaving behind him the Character, 1. Of as able a man as one grown studiously grey in Travel. Universities, and Courts, which infused into him whatsoever of excellent such eminent Schools by long observation, could teach so apt a Scholar. 2. Of a plain-heartedness, dwelling in a breast and temper large and open, made indeed to hide his Master's secrets, but not dissemble his own inclinations. 3. Of a great industry and patience, whereof the whole course of his life is an Argument; particularly his two Journeys from Madrid to Lisbon, and back again (to accommodate some jealousies) over so long a Tract of ground in so short a time. 4. Of great exactness in all his Addresses, Observations, and Correspondencies. 5. Of a sweet nature, a familiar and obliging humility, and a knowing and serious Religion. Sir William Boswell, I know not whether a more exact Scholar, Fellow of jesus College Camb. and Proctor of the University 1624. or an accomplished Statesman, Secretary to Sir Dudley Carleton Leaguer Ambassador in Holland, and afterwards Leaguer Ambassador there himself. The World is beholding to him for giving famous Mr. I. Mede Money at Sturbridge Fair to buy some Books which he saw him look melancholy upon, and of which upon discourse with him, he said, if he could not have bought them, he was resolved to withdraw to a Country retirement then offered, where he had been buried alive, and the rich Notions and Observations in the Critical Learning and Chronology of the Scripture (wherein he was the happiest man living) buried with him. He managed a Negotiation between Scholars, as appears by his Letters to Mr. Mede and others to improve Learning, as well as be-between States to improve Trade: he understood Trade well, and Books better; by this being able to better men's nature, and the other only their Interest, having as strict an eye upon Frankford Mart, as Amsterdams; Religion had as much of his care, as either Learning or Traffic, as appears in the Discoveries he made by Andrea's ab Habernfield of the plots against it, and the pains he took in the business of the Marriage of the Prince of Orange, and the Princess Mary, with other Treaties, for the promotion of it. To his Negotiation we owe all the Arms, Ammunition, and Officers we had from Holland, and all the Civilities we found there, where I am told he died 1646/7. in the 54 th'. year of his age. Rather than omit, I will here misplace Dr. Mark Frank, who will be known to Posterity by this Monument, near the entrance of the North-door of St. Paul's. Hoc marmore tumulatur Doctrina, Pietas, Charitas, Quip Monumentum Illius Marci Frank S. Th. D. Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi a sacris Sancti Albani Archidiaconi; hujus Ecclesiae The saurarii & Prebendarii Aulae Pembrochiae Cantabrigiensis Praefecti Cujus Virtutem Humilitatem, eloquentiam In singulis sagacitat●● Dictis metiri non Lice●t, dicat Posteri●as Obiit Aetatis anno Ll. Salutis MDCLXIV. Which Character becomes well Dr. Isaac Bargrave, Dean Bois his Brother-in-law, and himself Dean of Canterbury, a Gentleman of an unwearied study, great travels, intimate acquaintance with Padre Paulo of Venice, who told him that the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England, were the most primitive of any in the world; and of great esteem with the Parliament 1622. 1623. 1624. 1626. 1627. 1628. who took the Sacrament constantly at his hands at St. Margaret's Westminster, where he was many 〈◊〉 the faithful Minister, and advice from his mouth often at ●●●●cation, whereof he was several times an eminent and active●●●ber that had suffered for his Zeal (in a Sermon before the Parliament 1623. upon that Text, I will wash 〈…〉 and compass thine Altar) against Popery, evil Counsellors, and Corruption, and now suffered for being a Patron of both; his House being ransacked, his Family frighted and abused, the will of Dr. Boys, and some Gold they found in his Wives (now 80● years of age) Chamber, threatened to be embezzeled; his Wife led up and down the House in her Morning Gown at midnight's his son carried Prisoner to Dover Castle, and as Witches draw the Picture of the man, they would enchant, so they drew a scandalous Character of this Gentleman, which indeed was so unlike his modesty and civility, that he need not fear the charms; and at last the Dean himself seized at Gravesend, and sent Prisoner to the Fleet with sorrow, for which usages (from one the Commander in this business, whom he had saved from the Gallows at Maidstone some years before) he died heart broken, and it is well if his Enemies did so with repentance. To him I may add, 2. Dr. Cox, a grave Divine sent by Sir 〈◊〉, with Overtures of Peace after his Victory at Sir●●●on, to the defeated at Exeter, almost killed there by a Potion given him to make him Vomit up a Paper of Intelligence, which they pretended he had swallowed down: Imprisoned in a sinking Ship for some weeks, and at my Lord Peter's House for more Months. 3. Mr. symmond's, of whom before, for preaching against slandering the foot steps of Gods anointed; and undeceiving the Country with such good principles as are to be seen in his excellent book, called a Loyal Subjects a Which T.B. said was a truth, and though Impeached, yet not to be taught at that time. belief supplanted by a Weaver, imposed upon him as Lecturer, Sequestered of his Living (for the supply of an able and godly man, as if he had not been such) suffering in his Wife and Children, and aged Father. 4. Dr. Michelson of Chelmesford, used in the like manner, so that escaping narrowly, being buried alive himself once, for burying the dead according to the Common-Prayer; he was forced, being plundered of all he had, to fly for his life, and leave his Wife and Children to the mercy of cruel men. 5. Sir William Boteler of Barrhams place in Teston Kent, for joining with the Neighbour Gentry in their honest and famous Petition for Peace to the House of Commons, April 1642. after his return from Celebrating St. George his Feast with his Majesty (being then his Gentleman Pensioner) Imprisoned closely in the Fleet seven a Captain Lovelace, who delivered the Petition, was in Newgate. weeks; when his House was ransacked, his Servants tormented, and his Maids ravished, and he himself removed to the Gatehouse for six months, whence he narrowly escaped to Oxford with his life. 6. The like usage had Sir Henry Audley of Beer-Church, and Mr. Honifold of Colchester. And 7. The Right Honourable, b Jo. Earl Rivers paid 1110 l. composition, a Wiseman and able Statesman, and Tho. Savage of Beeston Chesh. Esq 557 l. Eliz. the Countess of Rivers, at her Houses in St. Osyth, and Long Melford, where she lost 100000 l. hardly escaping with her life to London 8. Sir Richard Mins●ul, for attending on his Master the King (to whom he was Clerk of the Hanaper) at York, plundered at his house of Bourton in Buckinghamshire Aug. 18. 1642. to the value of 20000 l. in Goods, Bonds, and cattle. 9 The Right Honourable the Lord Arundel of Warder (against the Articles which his Heroic Lady procured before she would surrender his Castle of Warder) suffered 25000 l. loss, besides the grievous affliction by Imprisonment and otherwise of the whole Family, especially the Children. 10. The Honourable Mr. Noel (my Lord Cambdens Brother) of Rutlandshire, plundered and Imprisoned (against the express conditions, upon which he delivered his house) to the loss of 2000 l. 11. The most Illustrious Prince, the Duke of Vendosme plundered at Uxbridge (no Nation or Quality escaping the barbarousness of those times) when the Villages of England were grown as dangerous as the Woods of Ardenna, to the value of 9000 l. 12. Reverend Mr. Swift of Goodwich Heref. plundered (for sending Arms to Monmouth, and preaching at Ross upon that Text, R●●der to Caesar the things that are Caesar's) 300 l. deep; a true Exposition of Essex his Motto. Cave adsum. 13. Mr. jones, the grave and Learned Vicar of Wellingborough in Northamptonshire, sterved to death in Prison at Northampton at 70. years of Age. 14. c Laurence Chaldwell Esq paid 553 l. composition. Will. Chaldwell Esq and Justice of Peace of Thorgonby in Lincolnshire for providing his Majesty four Horses, and being skilful in the Survey of those parts (and Soldiers must act as wide as Bowlers bowl when they know not the Ground) Plundered and Imprisoned in Lincoln Goal, among Thiefs and Felons, in which hole and the Dungeon, though an aged and infirm man, 〈…〉 hazard of his life. 15. As barbarously was Mr. Loss Minister used july 2. 1643. at Wedon Pinkney in Northamptonshire. And 16. Mr. Tho. jones Rector of Off well Devon. at Liskard. 17. Mr. Wright the Hospitable Minister of Wemslow in Cheshire. 18. Mr. Anthony Tyringham of Tyringham in Buckinghamshire. 19 Mr. Wiborow of Pebmarch Essex; who as the River jordan made many turnings and windings (desirous to defer what he could not avoid) before he fell into the dead Sea. 20. Mr. Dalton of Dalham in Sussex, Prodigal of his Estate, but careful of his Reputation, not so concerned for his losses, as for the Instruments, as Abimelech, who being angry with his killer, because a Woman, would needs be killed again by his Armor-bearer. 21. Sir George Bunkley, a Col. Sebast. Bunkley was a good Soldier and very true-bearted man an Ingenious Gentleman, and a good Commander, sometime Deputy-Governor of Oxon. died in Prison with hard usage at Lambeth. 22. Dr. Oldish of N.C. Oxon. murdered on his way and journey between Adderbury and Oxford, as was 23. The Honourable Mr. Edward Sackvile (the Earl of b Whose composition stood him in 5000 l. Dorsets son, a Person of great hopes that (having overcome those rosy nets, the flattering vanities of youth and greatness strewed in his way) distinguished himself not by Birth (his Mother's labour not his) from the common throng, but worth; (a Jewel come into the world with its own light and glory) and studies which cutting the untrod Alps of Knowledge, with the Vinegar only of an eager and smart spirit to all that he was born to know) most barbarously between Oxford and Abington, aiming not at the Conquest of any Faction, but all Errors, as Aristotle went over the world, while Alexander did so but over a part of it. 24. Sir R. Canterell narrowly escaping himself from London, had his Servants put to more than Amboyna Cruelties in Chancery-lane, to discover his Person and Estate, being used as Stepmother's do their Children, who whip them till they cry, and then whip them for crying. 25. Mr. Hinson a Sussex Minister in humanely tormented. 26. Mr. Fowler barbarously used at Minching-Hampton Gloc. (for saying with reference to the Factions extraordinary pretensions, that God withdrew Miracles where he afforded means; and that they might as well expect to be Fellow Commoners with the Angels for Manna as Fellow-ministers with the Apostles for Gifts) otherwise as innocent as his Surplice was white) in his Children, whose not speaking, spoke for them, and Wife, whose Sexes weakness is an impregnable strength against a Valiant man. 27. Charitable and Hospitable Mr. Rowland Berkleys' house at Castle-morton Gloc. five times plundered (plundered upon plunder is false Heraldry) to the value of 15000 l. every time plundering so much, It is Bartlet in Mercurius Rusticus that they thought they had left nothing, and leaveing so much as if they had plundered nothing; till as they boasted upon their return, they had made the Gentleman a Beggar, and left him not worth a Groat. 28. Dr. Featly, of whom before had his Barns burned, Chancel defaced, and his Rails torn at Action Nou. 1642. some of his Congregation killed, and all frighted out of the Church at Lambeth Feb. 19 1642. threatening to cut the Doctor for keeping to his Porridge (for so they called the Common-Prayer) as small as herbs to the pot, who (escaping them then with their 7 Articles (like the whip with a Sir G. Sonds of Throwley Kent paid 3280 l. Sir Jo. Butler of Stone Hertf. 2000l. Jo. Butler Oxon. 180 l. Jo. Butler Bilson Leic. 128l. Charles Butler of Coats Linc. Esq 970 l. Sir Tho. Butler and his son Oliver of Teston Kent 3011l. Sir Jo. Butler of Elerton York 569l. Rob. Butler of Southwell Notting. Esq 679l. Mr. Francis Nevil of Chivel York Esq 1000. 〈◊〉 ●W. Nevil, H. Nevil of Cressen Temple Essex Esq 6000l. R. Nevile Billingberi Berks Esq 887l. York Nevil Esq and Sir Gervase his son of Auber Lincoln 1731l. Will. Nevil of Cress Temple Essex Esq 211l. There were in the King's A●my Col. John Thomas, and Sir William Butler killed at Cropredy as before, whose Lady Sir Philip Warwick Married. 7 cords in Henry 8. time) was committed Prisoner with Sir George Sonds, Sir Io. Butler, and Mr. Nevile to Peterhouse Sept. 30. 1643. and his House, Goods, Library, Estate, and Livings seized on, to the great scandal of all the Reformed Divines, among whom he was deservedly famous, and died confessing his Faith, and asserting the Doctrine, Discipline, and Worship of our Church, to Dr. Leo Chaplain to the Dutch Ambassador. 29. Col. Edwall Chisenhall, a Lancashire Gentleman, who as I am informed at Lathamhouse, when the Enemy bragged of their provision, sallied out and stole their Dinner, and decoying them upon pretence that the house was open, killed 500 of them upon the place, for which he paid 800 l. 30. Col. jordan Bovile, that often deceived the Enemy, as the Gibeonites did the Israelites with passes of false-dated Antiquity, who could have thought that Clouted shoes could have covered so much subtlety, who often in his own single person took Lievery and Seisin of a breach which his followers were to possess as frugal as noble, as thrift is the fuel of magnificence. Sir Giles and Sir james Strangways Dorsetshire, Gentlemen of an ancient Family, great Estates, and a good Repute, deserving very much of their Country in the Parliaments at Westminster and Oxford; of their King in the Field, and of the public good (to which their frequent motions in the House, and quick actions in the Field always tended) in both; furnished with that Oratory that used to settle Kingdoms (who made speaking an Art, which was a talk) built in their youth men (for which a Schoolmasters name was a name of great Veneration in that Family, Father its self being but second to it. For Deeds of age are in their Causes then, A. C. And we are taught but Boys, we are so made men. Gentlemen of a general Learning, but particularly seen in the Affairs of their own Country, for which they deserved honours, but despised them; stout men that flattered none, but boast themselves more true, just, and faithful than any thing but their own memories: Memories that forgot nothing but their Injuries which they were so forward to cancel in an act of Oblivion, though they were generally excepted out of their Enemies. The eldest of the two, one of the Feoffees in trust appointed by Mr. Nich. Wadham, 1612. (who as Absalon, being childless, erected that uniform and regular College in Oxford, called by his name to perpetuate his memory) to oversee the finishing of his noble Foundation, which he did faithfully, being himself a good benefactor to it, as he was to all ingenious designs and persons, especially in these late times wherein he was as liberal as the Arts he was master of: died 54 years after, full of years and honour, about Christmas 1666. their Loyalty having cost that Family at least 35000 l. To whom I may add a I find this Note in the black List of Compounders. H. Walcot of Poynton, County Salop Esq with 80l. per annum settled 500 l. Sir Will. Walcot, taken with him at Sherburn Castle, Aug. 15. 1645. when the Earl of Bristols brother in Law, Sir Lewis Dives, (a Gentleman so famous for his services in Bedfordshire, and the Associated Counties, in the English War, and (after a cleanly escape through an House of Office at Whiteball) in the Irish, and for his great sufferings all along with his Majesty beyond Sea, to the loss of 164000 l.) after a brave resistance, delivered it up to the Enemy, not before his Majesty had delivered up almost the whole Kingdom. 2 Sir john and Sir Thomas Helena, Gentlemen of great Estates and Repute, whose withdrawing from the Parliament with Walter Helena of Whimston Devon. brought his Majesty's Cause great credit for the justness of it, rich contributions for the supply of it, and abundance of men (who trusted much to the prudence and conduct of the foresaid Gentlemen) to maintain it. 3. a Sir Jo. Harper of awk Derb. 578 l. Sir Io. Harper of Swakeston Com. Derb. who besides 110 l. settled from him, paid 4000 l. composition, for being one of the first that resisted the Rebellion in those parts; and one of the last that stood out against it; for which they would have buried his Grave (as the Israelites did Moses) as well as himself, the people were so fond of him. 4. Anthony Hungerford of Black Barton, Oxon. Esq and Col. Io. Hungerford, who paid for their Loyalty 3989l. 5. Sir Willoughby Hickman of Gainsborough, and Sir Charles Hussey of Holten-Holy, Linc. who paid 2474l. between them. 6. Henry Hudson of London, Esq 3700l. b Col. Robert Hatton was an active and a discreet man in the King's Army. Sir Edward and Sir john Hales, contributing freely to the first War, and hazarding far in the second, bringing the whole Country of Kent, to declare as one man for his Majesty, 1648. and maintaining them at their own charge in the fields for some days, while they did declare so. The Authors of the two famous petitions of Kent, 1642. 1647/ 8. Sir Edward while continuing in Parliament, going a a See Sir Edward Hales Speech in the Collection of Speeches, 1659. middle way between the extremes of Popery, and Libertinism; severe both against the Catholic, and the Scots: All which services cost them 64000 l. 2. Sir George Bunkley (of whom before) famous for his relief of Basin. 3. Sir Henry Carew, another hopeful son of the Earl of Monmouth, who had the Command of Kingsworth, and which was more, of himself; being an excellent Scholar, and a sober man (not to be expressed but in his own Poetry, and his own picturing.) 4. Sir Thomas Tilsley, b Bred in the Germane Wars. a Brigadeer, Governor, I think, of Lichfield under King Charles I. 1645. and Major General of the English, under King Charles' II. 1651. by whom appointed to assist the Earl of Derby in raising the Lancashire and Cheshire Forces, he approved himself a faithful and an able man, till he was slain at Wigan, Aug. 25. 1651. with Sir F. Gamul, many years his fellow Soldier, and now his fellow Sufferer; men of good hands and hearts, of exact lives as well as great parts, each way proportionable; in nothing redundant or defective, abhorring as they called them, ill-favoured and unclean sins. The Grave hath every where a good stomach; but where these were buried a Boulimia, or greedy worm, devouring their Honourable bodies, as Aceldama did tread Corpses in 48 hours: their bodies being taken away as greedily as the Treasure in josephus was out of David's Grave, though by the way, it was strange there should be treasure in David's Tomb, who said, Ps. 49. 17. Man shall carry nothing away with him. Col. Thomas and Col. H. Warren, the most valiant men that lived, because the most prepared to die; Twins of Valour and Piety, loving in their lives, and in their deaths not divided: The Sun warms not near himself, but at distance where he meets opposition; the warm spirits of these Gentlemen discovered not itself in the peace they had at home; but in the dangers they met abroad. The praying Soldiers! that wrestled with God before they strive with the Enemy; and besieged Heaven to take it by violence, before they assaulted a Town; Members of the thundering Legion! Men in whom afflictions looked lovely; they enjoying themselves in the great difficulties they struggled with, as the Bird flutters about its Cage a while, and finding no passage out, sits and sings. Sir John Wake, 180 l. Sir Hugh Windkelford, Somers. 692 l. Ed. Windham 554 l. Sir Robert Windham, 748 l. Tho. Willis, 516 l. Will. Winter of Clapton, Somers. Esq 349 l. Sir H. Wood of Hackney, Midd. 273 l. Robert Willis, Morrock, Somers. 328 l. Jo. Whittington, Ivethorn Somers. Esq 283 l. Sir John Winford of Ashley Worcest. 703 l. Col. Jo. Washburn, Wickenford Worcest. 797 l. one that paid the Rebels more than once in other metal, Sir Marmaduke Wivel (whose Ancestor is the last mentioned in Lastle Abbey roll, 1660. continuing in so good state, that one of them in Hen. VI time deposed that he could spend 20 l. a year old rent, all charges defrayed) of Constable Barron, York. 1343. Sir Tho. Whitmore of Appley, Salop. 5000 l. Sir Patricius Curwen, Knight and Baronet, of Worlington in the County of Cumber. a pious and a peaceful man, forced, as his Majesty was to the War, where he had the Command of a Colonel of Foot in that County; as he had the trust of being Knight of the Shire in all Parliaments, when he first appeared, from 1623. to 1664, when he died: a Gentleman in whom Art and Nature conspired to make him Master of a great Wit, and a vigorous discourse, outdoing most in action, and himself in suffering; being as able to persuade himself to patience, as he was to move his neighbours to allegiance; dressing his misfortunes so gracefully, that they were envied, and he like to be sequestered of them too; and as he was in prosperity, that due reward of his merit, an example of the least part of mankind, that is the happy; so in his adversity was he a pattern to the greatest that is the unhappy; his clear and heroic mind finding an exercise, and thereby a glory in the darkest state, as Stars and Diamonds do a lustre (oppressed, not helped by day) in the darkest night; Fortune at last yielding to his virtue, and flattering him as his Slave, whom it could not overcome as his Foe; he had once the Posse Comitatus, 12. Car. I. as a Sheriff, and always as a Patriot, for which honourable title he paid to the Parliament 2000 l. and spent with the King 23000 l. 1 Sir Francis Carew of Beddington, Surrey, that as nature had epitomised most perfections belonging to a man in him; so would he extract all sense into short sentences, called Sencca's little-much, who paid for one smart word 1000 l. Sir Jo. Covert of Sla●ham, Sussex, 3000 l. Hen. Clerk of Covenr. 300 l. Adam Cleypool of West-Pooling, Linc. 600 l. George Cotton, Cumbermoor, Chesh. 666 l. Tho. Chester Amisbury, Gloc. Esq 1000 l. Sir Will. Clerk 1100 l. Jo. Caring of Harling, Suss. Esq 3030 l. Berg. Cutler, Ipswich, Suss. 750 l. Tho. Carew of Studley, Devon, Esq 750 l. Giles Corter of Turk-Dean, Gloc. Esq 768 l. Tho. Chafine, Chettle, Dorset. Esq 900 l. Edw. Copley, Earley, York. Esq 1246 l. Sir H. Clerk, Essex, and Gervase Cutler, York. 1100 l. 2 Col. Tho. Cary of Norwich, Esq whose years were measured, not by his Almanac, but his suffering, called the Round Heads Circle, having given away 3000 l. to the King, had but 200 l. left for the Parliament. 3. Sir Alexander Culpepper that could have charmed any thing to a better usage, but a Jew and a Puritan (both which People carry their spirit in a round Circle) paid them first 500 l. Composition, and afterwards (Witches, if they have any of your money, will have all) 500 l. more. 4. john Courtney of Molland, Devon. Esq for saying, that men now a days draw up platforms of Religion, as men do Cycles, Epicycles, and other Phaenomena in the Heavens, according to their fancies to salve their hypotheses, paid 750 l. in Gold, and was gladly rid of it, in a time when Churches, Crosses, and all other things suffered for being Gilt. 5. Col. Sidney Godolphin, descended of the most ancient Family both of Love and Wit; murdered by those men that professed to destroy Wit and Learning; and at that time when men were not allowed to wear Hair, much less Bays. A Gentleman that will live as long as Virgil, whom he hath a L. 4. Aen. translated; and as long as the best Times best Wit, b As Donne, etc. whom he hath commended as elegantly as he was commended by them. Besides whom there were Col. Sir William, and Col. William Godolphin of Trevervenith and Spragger, Cornwall, who spent their blood and Estates for his Majesty, being sorry that they had 1500 l. left to be taken by his Enemies. Treasures of Arms and Arts; men equally fit for College and Camp; in whom the Scholars ● earning did guide and direct, and the Soldier's Valour fight and act; the first without fear, the second without rashness: their several accomplishments meeting like so many conspiring perfumes to one delicate temper. 6. Col. William Walton c C●l. Cassey Bental, slain at Stow in the Would, Glo●. Col. St. George, killed at the entry of Leicester; which Town is his T●mb, and the stones as red with his blood as those of Jerusalem are with St. Stephens. Col. Fenwick, Sir John Fenwicks' son, an excellent Horseman, slain at Marston-Moor, Col. Dalby Engineer General, killed at Winkfield Manor, Derb. one that could do any thing ex tempore, but durst not pray so; having Wit, and nothing else at will: and knew no reason why he should not be rich, but because he was born a Poet. He was slain in that Battle which he would not have outlived, I mean Nazeby, wherein three Kingdoms lay bleeding by him, as well as Col. Cuthbert Ratcliff, and Col. Ralph Pudsey, who would gladly have lived to do more service for his Majesty, but refused not to serve him in dying; scorning as well the censures as the commendations of that ignorant age. 7. Col. Posthumus Kerton, a Somersetshire Gentleman, of a spreading name, slain at Marston-Moor in the midst of the White Coats my Lord of Newcastles Lambs, (called so, because clothed by him in white Cloth, which he had not time to colour (until they being cut off, every man gave it a noble tincture with their own blood) which he commanded; a cro●d of dead men, makes a noble Crown about a Commander, than one of Laurel; being so pleased (Saints above know sure what we do delow in our fight with life) to see the same brave heat in his followers, that was in him; that Death smiled on his lip●, and he looked as if he were above, wa●bling the hymns he used below, pitying our dull and earthly joys, where grief and misery dwells with pleasure; a man of great daring and good success, a knowing and honest man seasonably taken away from the place of Ignorance and Hypocrisy to Heaven, the only place then free from both, to live there among the blessed, whose souls are clothed with white, and follow the Lamb. Sir Jo. King of Woodsam, York. B●r. 500l. R. Kibe, Sussex Chich 992l. Will. Knowls of Gray's, Oxon. Esq a brave Gentleman of parts, and a 〈◊〉 worthy his Ancestors, who died, 1664. 1100l. Jo. Kirk, Westm. Esq 985l. G. Kinsley, Cant. Esq 760l. Sir H. Knolls, Grooplace South. 1250l. Edward Kerton, Castle Carv Som. Esq 1464l. Edward Kinaston of Oatley, and Roger ●inasion of Hordly Salop. Esq 4697l. between them. Sir Lewis Kire, 264l. William Kent, Boscomb Wilts. Esq 572l. Sir William Kinsmel of 740l. Robert Kemp, Cheston Her. 480l. Sir Gorrel Kemp of Slindon Suff. 2931l. 8. The Lords Kilmurry, the Elder and the Younger, the first having spent 20000 l. in the service of the King, to whom he owed his honour, gave 5306 l. in Land and Money to keep it, the only Estate then left good men: the second having hazarded his life with his Estate, spending then 15000 l. with Sir George Booth, etc. to restore his Majesty 1659. for which he was imprisoned, like Isaac, offered and not sacrificed; lost it afterwards of the Small Pox, I think, that infections and unclean disease seizing on that breath, where life, spirit, and pleasure always dwell; snatching as rude hands do Roses before half seen or understood, now ripe in the blossom. To whom I may add, Sir Kennes of Kevenmably Glam. 3500 l. and Edward Kennes of Kennes Manor 1000 l. H. Earl of Kingston 7499 l. Io. Kellon of Totnes Devon. Esq 663 l. who reckoned it cheaper to pay than to swear, and valued their souls above their Estates: a Character of whose Loyalty is engraven on every part of their Estates, as the Arms of the Shugboroughs are on every stone of their Land; the impression of the Usurpers violence being like the Print of judas hands and feet where he fell, Indelible. Men that abhorred a barren Religion as much as Christ did the fruitless Fig tree; when he wrought once, as he often spoke a Parable (that whole Tree being but the Bark, and barren Professors the Timber) and could not endure those men's Creeds, who made their own Articles with God and Kings; and were so troubled with a Vertigo, that they thought Sun and Stars were subject to the Falling Sickness: and invented new bonds for supposed weak Kings, as the Virgin Mary is said to drop her Girdle to swath the Faith of weak Thomas. The first of which foresaid noble persons built a Spittle, where God had provided a Bethesda, with his charity seconding God's mercy; God giving the cure, and he building the Harbour for impotent persons. Richard Lord Viscout Molineux, and Col. Roger Molineux of Lincolnshire, and Sir Ferdinando Fisher of Northumberland, persons of generous, active, sweet, and obliging natures; able, stout, and condescending; living with that zeal, devotion, piety, that others die with; weeping out at night the debts their souls contracted in the day; setting peaceably and innocently, as the unspotted Sun doth in water. Gentlemen that had more Virtues united in them, than we can pick up scattered here and there, in Books and other men; doing more than others teach: in whom Religion guided their other qualities, as the higher sphere doth the rest: The last drowned unhappily in his passage to the Isle of Man, to assist that Place: of whom see Peter de Cardonnel, a French Gentleman, Parentatio Generosis manibus Ferdin. Fisher, juxta monam Insulam, Anno M D C X L VI nausragio absorpti. The Lord Moulineux paid 1140 l. in Land and Money. To whom I may add, Exequiae viri Generosissimus, Jo. Chichesterii, Gubernatoris de Derry, Militum tribuni & Illustrissimi Domini Arthuri Comitis Dongalliae, etc. fratris natu secundi, Qui Vitae Integritate Coetaneos omnes Morum Suavitate Juventutis suae Virtutis Magnanimitate Multis Parasangis precessit Quique postqitam A Peregrinationibus omnem Politiam Pace veram pietatem Bello triumphorum panopliam reportasset, Nescio quo Equi ferocientis Infortunio in stagnum molundinis verticosum Standmills juxt a Belsast Collapsus expiravit: Et corpus solo Animam coelo tradidit, April. 14. 1643. Isaac Mountain and George his son, Esquires, of Westow, York, paid 1155 l. 11 s. composition. Sir Jo. Mill, and Col. Tho. Mill his son, Nutshelling, South. 1350 l. R. Mollineux, Tweshal Nottingh. Esq 250l. Sir Richard Malleverer, Ollerton Malleverer, York. 3287 l. Sir William Massey, Duddington, Chesh. 234 l. Col. Sir Jo. Mallery, Studley, York. 2219 l. Sir George Mompesson, Sar. Wilts. 561 l. Robert Maston, Hidden Berks. 522 l. Robert Mellish, Bugnal Not. Esq 3986 l. in Land and Money. H. Merry of Borton Port Derb. Esq 1640 l. Hum. Matthew, Castlemoneth Glam. Esq 1327 l. Sir William Master's Circenster 1483 l. Sir Tho. Milward, at Der. 360 l. Sir G. Middleton Col. of Layton Lanc. 2646 l. in Land and Money, Sir Roger Mostyn, Flintsh. Esq 852 l. Robert Mulso, Fendon, North. Esq 500 l. Sir Edward Morgan Col. of Pencoed Monm. 1007 l. besides Col. Anthony, James, and Thomas Morgan, the last of whom, I think was the brave person that was killed in the Cheshire business, 1659. scorning that so brave a design should be lost without blood shed: there were Col. Sir Francis, and Col. Will. Middleron, slain at Hopton Heath Staff. Col. Edward and Mr. George Middlemore of Kings Norton 564 l. Sir Edward Musgrave, Layon Camb. 960 l. Sir Philip Musgrave, who took Appleby 1644. for his Majests, and so eminent in that years brave attempt. Col. William Musgrave 640 l. Jo. Martin, Yorecomb Devon. Esq 424 l. Jo. Millecent, Linton Camb. Esq 6162 l. Ambrose Mannason Trecarre Cornwall Esq 901 l. Col. Franc. Manley, Erbistock Denb. 264 l. Tho. Mercalf, Pallasby York, 866 l. Jo. Morsham, Cuxon Kent. Esq 356 l. Of all whom I may say as one did of Heraclytes his Books 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 What I know of them is excellent, so I believe is what I know not. 10. Col. George Heron of Chipcase Northumberland, slain at Marston-Moor, where fell Sir William Wentworth Father and Son, Col. Hern, son of Sir Edward Hern slain with Col. Beton a Northamptonshire Gentleman, at Gainsborough Linc. Col. Bernard, with divers other Gentlemen put to the Sword at Cannon-Froom Heref. july 1645, Col. Francis Hungate of Saxton Yorkshire, slain at Chester, Col. William Barn, slain at Malpass Cheshire, Coll. Francis Billingsley, slain at Bridge-north Shropshire, Col Thomas and Roger Whithey● one of whom was slain at Conway Castle Caern. Col. Tho. Wheatly, Col. Pinchback and Col. Fitz Morris slain at Newberry, Col. Richard Green slain at I●●ston Castle Cheshire. Men that could look upon the saddest things with the most cheerful tempers, and a Mirth that was the spirits and flowerings of various wit, neither blaspheming God, nor abusing man; taking its just turn with more retired and deep discourse, fetched not from Books, but the rich notions of their own minds, Nature's better Table Book. Men whose Wits were the greatest things of their Times, except their Judgement, which governed the ebbs and flows of their Fancies, as the Moon doth those of Waters. How did their Notions throng and crowd about their tongue and discourse, their Wit flowing faster than others. Ink-men of gallant, but not extravagant spirits; overcoming the follies of their own side, as well as the cheats of the other; their vigorous souls like Stars sparkling but not burning, and warm with generous not sordid heats; minds large and high as the Heaven, the seat of their souls; humble as the Grave, the seat of their bodies. The sacred names of Friendship and of Love, torn from the World with as much reluctancy as their Souls from their Bodies: about whose Graves, methinks, I could stand still, as Ghosts do about the seat of their hid treasure. 11. Sir Arthur George's, Chelsey Middlesex 512 l. Sir Richard Grosven, Eaton-Chester 5350 l. in Land and Money, Sir H. Gibbs, and Thomas his son, of Huntington● Warwick, 517 l. Sir Io. Gibson of Weston York. 1947 l. in Land and Money; Sir H. Griffith of Agnisborton York. 10649 l. in Land and Money, Walter Grosvenor of Tottenhall, Staff. 300 l. Fulk Grosvenor, Morhal War. Esq 356 l. Ralph Goodwin Ludlow, Esq Angel Grace, Kingston Marwood Esq 718 l. Anthony Gosborough, Sapley Huut. Esq 440 l. Richard Goddard, Swinden Wilts. Esq 413 l. Sir Tho. Gemham of Gemham, Suffolk. 951 l. Henry Gilbert, Locked Derby Esq 680 l. Sir Tho. Garden, Cuddleston York. 982 l. Sir Edward Griffin, Dingley, Northam. 1700 l. Sir Thomas Gower signior and junior, Stilnam York. 1730 l. Richard Goddard, Sarum Wilts. Esq 862 l. Sir Charles Gawdy, Growsbal Suff. 4264 l. in Land and Money, Mich. Grigg, Hadley Middl. Esq 1060 l. Robert Gosnal, Oteley Suff. Esq 600 l. Sir Richard Graham, Norton York. 1384 l. Tho. Goodale, Lichfield Esq 830 l. john Gifford of Brightley, Devon. Esq 11 6 l. Samuel Gorges Wruxal Som. Esq 582 l. Sir Gordicke, Ribston York. 1343 l. Sir Richard Grimes, Pecham Surrey 500 l. Peter Griffith, Carnoy Flint. Esq 113 l. A Catalogue of Worthies, that instilled into their respective Neighbours the good principles of Allegiance, and were able to go to the charge of then; most of them most active (as natural motions are most swift) towards the end of the War: when (the air being corrected by cold and nipping misfortune) there was no danger of taking the King's side, as some did in warmer times only by Infections; professing themselves better able to manage great miscarriages, than a great success: most of them provided for the War suitable supplies, while others performed in it great actions. Admiral Colligni was wont to say, He that would paint the Beast War, must first begin to shape the Belly: meaning that the chiefest care in War should be the supply of the Army. Many of whose Ladies deserve to be mentioned among these men, for having done in the War more than Women. One especially, who trained a Pigeon to carry Letters, which were sent as they were written, with the wing of a Fowl; all of them at last conquering that party by yielding, which they could not by fight; lurking in corners (as Truth doth often fearing her Judges, though never suspecting her Cause) till the Conquerors having so much choice, had in effect none at all, being able among so many Governments to pitch upon none, fell of the Colic, I mean the Divisions in the r own bowels partly, as well as Cowardice, the disease of their hearts; and these Gentlemen who followed the Crown with the Cross at first, and afterwards endured the Cross without the Crown, at last enjoyed the Crown without the Cross. They who never refuse what God carveth them, do never cut ill for themselves, being contented to see much misery, upon condition their eyes should not be put out; and they in compliance with their fortunes should not be compelled to do any thing unworthy of their Birth, patiently bearing their Master's loss of his Crown of Gold, in consideration that their Saviour wore one of Thorns, being comforted with this general Opinion, that his Majesties worse Vice, was his Virtue. Jo. Warden Ches. 600 l. Sir Tho. Wildbraham Woodhay Ches. 2500l. W. Waldron Wells Somerset ●sque 630l. Arth. Warren Lond. Esq 850l. Jo. Were Silvert Devon. Esq 526l. R. Walker Exon. 886 l. Sir W. Walter Sarsd. Oxon. 1607l. Edw. Whitchot of Bishops-Norton Linc. Esq 1700l. in land and money, Dr. Maurice Williams of Oriel, Col. Oxon. 1100l. Jo. Walpool Spalding Linc. Esq 450l. Sir Michael Wharton of Benly York 9999l. in land and money. 12. Sir Thomas and Sir William Bridges, both Colonels, able to serve his Majesty in the War, and one or both Prentices, but of very good Families, ready to serve their Country in time of Peace by their good service under a Sir Tho. Bridges Campton Som. 869 l. with 20 l. per annum settled. Command, deserving one. Sir Thomas as discreetly deserting both (in time while he might have good conditions) when untenable, as he stoutly maintained Leicester while tenable. Sir Henry Billingham, well known for his eminent services, not only in Kent, but in Christendom, and Thomas Billingham Esq who seeing the differences among us grown so great, that they could not be united by either Law or Reason; endeavoured to cut them asunder with their Swords much against their wills, not that they were worse Soldiers than others, but that they were better Christians; their demur being not in their Courage but Conscience. Sir Thomas Bower of Lethoru Sussex, a Gentleman whose soul was enriched with many virtues, whereof the most Orient was his Humility, which took all men's affections without resistance, but those men who had guts and no bowels, to whom he paid 2033 l. and he said he had a cheap pennyworth of the Peace of his Conscience. Sir Thomas Bosvile, Eynsford Kent 205 l. of whom, and of b Sir G. Lisle bred them up and his Brother Major Lisle, who was killed at Marston-moor, Sir Tho. Bridges Summer, 1000. in money, and 20 l. per annnum land, Redman Buller Fulbeck Esq 770l. Sir Tho. Bludder Flanford Surrey 1537l. There was Col. Jos. and Col. Bamfield belonging to Arundel Castle. Col. Bamfield, who conveyed away his Highness the Duke of York from St. james, that rule holds not true, that Ambition is the spur of a Soldier. 13. Sir William Bulton of shaw's Wiltshire, a Gentleman to whom his Ancestors honour were a spur to Virtue, his Parents not satisfying themselves that they had begot him honour, unless they bred him so too; and implanted in him those Virtues to support the Family that raised it by Dr. Prideaux his tuition, whose Pupil he was at Exeter Col. Oxon. and Sir Arthur Hoptons' Company, whom he attended in his Embassy through France, into Spain, by Geneva, untainted with the levity of the French, the pride of the Spaniard, the superstition of Italy, or the novelties of Geneva; but nobly accomplished for the service of his Country, had it been capable of it. Having a large Estate and no Children, his Hospitality was exemplary, his charity to his poor Neighbours great, to poor Ministers and Cavaliers greater, to poor Scholars at School and the University greatest of all: his Devotion according to the way of the Church of England, strict both at his Parish Church and in his Family; and his duty and conscience justly valued above his Estate, whereof besides his contributing to his Majesty, he paid 2380 l. composition to the enemy dying April 1660. and buried at North-Wraxall the 12 th' of the same month, with this noble Character of a most beloved Patriot, a most indulgent Husband, a loving Brother, a fast Friend, a good Landlord, a bountiful Master, and a very just man. 14. Sir Thomas Ailesbury, one of the Masters of Request to King Charles I. whose Ancestors were High-Sheriffs of Bedford and Buckinghamshire often in Edw. 2. and Edw. 3. time; the Countess of Clarendons Father, and the Duchess of Yorks Grandfather, suffering much in his Estate at home, and dying I think banished abroad. 15. Sir William Valentine Lane, and Col. Io. Osburn Prince rupert's old Soldiers, at whose advance such a calm of Cowardice seized on the Enemy's hearts, as that their skirmishes were rather Executions than frights; but our sins put a stop to their success. 16. Sir Io. Monson of South-Carleton Lincoln. a good Lawyer as any in London, and as wise a man as any in Oxford, assisting in all Counsels, and one in all Treaties, for which he paid 2642 l. being permitted a quiet retirement, for the same reason King john being urged to untomb the bones of an Enemy, permitted him a quiet grave, Oh no (said he) were all my Enemies as honourably buried. To whom I must annex Sir Steven Hawkings, never separated from him either in his services or sufferings; a Commander of his Majesty's Army, and an eminent man in his Counsel, as were Sir Thomas Haggerston, Sir Gilbert Houghton, Sir William Hart, Sir Richard Hastings, and Col. Io. Hilton, Persons cut out by nature for Superiority and Command (being like Saul taller by the head and shoulders than their Brethren) and deserving it every where but among our fanatics, who raised mean men to Authority, as the Goths had a Law always to choose a short thick man for their King: most of them bred Scholars, and when exchanging their Caps for Helmets, not putting off their Learning with their Habit. For though bookishness may be unactive, yet Scholarship doth accomplish a Soldier, and make him wield his Sword the steadier, as appeared in Sir Io. Heydon, who was a great Scholar (especially in the Mathematics, whereby he overthrew the Astrologers upon their own principles) and a good Soldier, as were Col. Gosnall and Mr. john Dutton, both active in making the defence, and drawing up the Articles of Oxford, the last of whom was an instance of that great truth, that Riches may be wanted with Pride, and enjoyed with Humility, he being one of the Richest, one of the meekest men in England, not so rich in the great Estate he had, as in the good works he did. Notwithstanding that I find this Note in Goldsmiths-hall, viz. Io. Dutton of Sherburn Gloc. Esq 5216 l. William Dallison of Greetwell Linc. 600 l. Fr. Drew Holcomb-Regis Devon. 500 l. R. Davies Gwysanney Flint. Esq 645 l. Will. D●venport of Broomhall Ches. Esq 745 l. Sir Will. Darcy of Witton Castle Durham, 2457 l. Sir Robert Dormer and Sir Io. Curson of Oxfordshire, who were both taken at Watlington in the same County, as they sat upon his Majesty's Commission of Array, for which, besides long Imprisonment, they paid 12000 l. and Sir Io. Curson losing of a son in the service, as did Sir Alexander Denton Knight of the shire for Bucks. and losing his own life with heart-breaking grief in Prison, as his son Col. George Denton did his with thirty wounds in the field. Sir Tho. Malle● Exon. 871l. Sir F. Moreton Howd York 828l. Major Metcalf, whom a shot took out of the hands of a lingering disease, quickly cutting off what had been long a fretting, Capt. Charles Osburn, Capt. Tho. Meynel at the relief of Pontfract, Col. Gilbert Marhkam and messenger at Nazeby, Capt. Haggerston eldest son of Sir Tho Haggerston slain in Lanc. Coll. Holyland, Sir Jo. Marry, Mr. Tho. Davison Black. Dur. paid 1412l. composition, Tho. Earl Down 6000l. Tho, Dove Upton Norf. 930l. Math. Davis Sherb. Dors. 300 l. Sir. Will. Dalston, Sir G. Dalston Cumb 4000l. Jo. Davis of Raxford Devon, and Pangborn Berks. Esq 1400l. P. Dayrill Lilling Bucks. Esq 700l. Sir Tho. Delves Dor. Chester 1484. Sir Fr. Dowse Wall south 570l. Fr. Lord Denniscomb 6042l. in land and money, Sir. Edw. De Leyn Hallaxton Linc. 1000. Edw. Dyer Sarkam Park, Ed. Dymock of the Race of the King's Champions Esq 8633l. in land and money, Sir Lodowick Dyer 1500l. in land and money, Sir Wolston Dixey of Normator Derby Esq 1835l. G. Digby of Landon Staff. 1440l. Phil. Dracot of Pavisley Recus. 816l. Sir Ralph Dutton Coll. in the King's Army 500l. Sir Drue and Col. Edw. Druery 1100l. Coniers Lord Darcy of Hornby Castle York a noble Gentleman worthy his ancient Family 5464 l. in land and money. 17. Doctor William Harvey, the Eldest Son of Master Thomas Harvey, (who had as good a faculty in improving his Son's money, (with which they all trusted him) in Land, as they had to get it,) born at Folkston in Kent, bred ten years in Cajus College in Cambridge, five years at Milan, whence he became so accomplished with such a mixture of Foreign and Domestic Learning, as to be Physician in Ordinary to King james and King Charles I. to establish in the world against opposition in his a Solus quod sclam qui Doctrinam novam superata Invidia vivens stabilavit. Hob. Pref. ad clem. Phil. 5. 1. de corpore. life time, that new but noble Opnion of the Circulation of the blood received as generally at last; as it was (strangers are apt to be suspected) disinherited at first all those Riolanus, etc. shaking hands with him that hand tilted Pens against him, yet notwithstanding his great Worth and Obligations upon mankind, he suffered 2000 l. deep for attending his Master King Charles I. in these Wars at Oxford; he was turned out of the Wardenship of Merton College Oxon. and which was of worse consequence than all the rest, having made a good progress to lay down a Practice of Physic conformable to the Thesis of the Circulation of the blood, he was plundered of his Papers by those men, who not contented to murder the people of their own time, destroyed thereby those that were unborn: He died june 3. 1657. and the 80 th'. year of his age, a Bachelor, leaving behind him three Monuments. I His four Books, De Circulatione Sanguinis, de Generatione, de Ovo. exercitatio Anatomica, de motu cordis, & sanguinis in Animalibus, in quibus scientiam humani corporis Physicae partem utilissimam mirabili sagac. detexit & demonstravit. Vid. Gassend vit. Pe●●es l. 4. p. 323. 2 His Benefactions whereby he hath been a second Linacer, to the Excellent College of Physicians in London. 3 His Statue in that College with this Insription: Industria, Sagacitate, Successu Nobilis, Perpetuos Sanguinis Aestus Circulari Gyro Fugient is Primus Promulgavit Mundo, Nec Passus ultra Mortales Sua Ignorare Primordia, Aureum Edidit de ovo atque pullo librum, sic novis inventis apollineam ampliavit artem,— meruitque esse stator perpetus. 18. Dr. William johnson Fellow of Queens, and Dr. Nicholas Bernard Fellow of Cambridge, Parallels in most of their virtues and most of their sufferings. The first at once, the most witty and pious man living; the other Master of the greatest Mirth and seriousness in the World: Both happy in sanctified Fancies and Parts, both bred with eminent men, the one with B. B. the other with Bishop Usher, whose Instrument he was in making many and useful Observations and Collections, and whose Trustee he was in reference to his Reputation and Remains; the first of which he often vindicated, and the latter he often published, both suffering equally, the one turned out of his Fellowship and all his Preferments in England; and the other out of his Deanery and all his Estate in Ireland, both men of miraculous deliverances, the one at Sea, when forced to serve the Levant or the Indian Merchants, where he was twice shipwracked, living for four days without any sustenance, and at last relieved only by that money which was stolen from him and the Company, by one that was to die with them; a strange itch to stealing, when one takes that which neither they that lost, nor he that took it could keep for aught they knew two hours to an end. The other saved at the taking of Drogedah, when all others were put to the sword, because the Soldiers breaking into his Chamber, found him at Prayers: both persons of great fidelity, entrusted with the Legacies and Charities of more private Benefactors than any two men in England, and both called to manage public Largesses, the one being Sub-almoner to King Charles II. and the other Almoner to an Office though imposed upon him, possibly with design he managed certainly with integrity. The first died Archdeacon of Huntingdon, 1666. and is buried at Westminster, having great apprehensions of the sad state of things amongst us, by the same token-that the last time I saw him, he was very inquisitive what particular History there was (besides Mr. Fox, and the troubles of Frank ford) of the Confessors Exile and Sufferings in Queen Mary's days ' and the other died Rector of Whitchurch in Shropshire, where he is buried, fearing and suspecting the settlement of Ireland, because he chose rather to take a Parsonage here, than to return to his Dignities thither. They were both Inns of Court-preachers, the one Master of the Temple, where he was as in all places he came to indefatigable in the extraordinary pains he took in Expounding, Praying, and Preaching; the other Preacher of Grays-Inn. 19 Dr. jeremy Taylor, born in Cambridge Town, and bred in Cajus College in that University, his Parts being above his Birth and Fortunes (for his Father was a Barber) supplied his Chamber-fellow Mr. Risdens' turn in the Paul's Lecture three or four times with such applause above his years, that Archbishop Laud that great Judge and Patron of able men, observing the tartness of his discourses, the quickness of his Parts, the modesty and sweetness of his temper, and the becomingness of his personage and carriage, preferred him Fellow of All Souls Oxford, where he might have Time, Books, and company to complete himself in those several parts of Learning, whereinto he had made so fair an entrance: An admirable Specimen of his progress wherein he gave in his full Sermon against the Papists, November 5. 1638. preached to the University at St. Mary's Oxford, and Dedicated to the Archbishop of Canterbury; and being a complete Artist, especially an accurate Logician (whereby he reduced all his Learning to such a method, that he was the readiest in it of any man in his time) notwithstanding the loss of his Church-preferments, and which was more to him, his time, by his necessary attendance on his Majesty's Army, to which he was Chaplain, he writ most accurate Defences of our a In one Volume, called, His Polemical writings. Episcopacy, Liturgy, Ministry, and Church, which were never answered, and some of the other side confessed could not be answered; so tightly quick and exact were his Reasonings, so fluent his Language, and so prodigiously ready and various his Learning, as being a very strict and pious man, he writ several taking books of Devotion, as Holy Living and Dying, his Life of Christ, his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Course of Sermons throughout the year; the Doctrine and practice of Repentance, his Golden Grove, or a Manual of daily Prayers, the Worthy Communicant, A Collection of Offices or Forms of Prayer, fitted to the needs of all Christians, the Nature, Offices, and Measures of Friendship, and his Cases of Conscience, by which doing the Church in the time of her sufferings great services, the latter adorning and assisting the forme●, and his endeavour to make men holy and serious, preparing to his pains, to make or keep them good Subjects and Churchmen. His great Wit and vast Learning being to be excused for some unwary Sentiments about Original sin, and Liberty of Conscience, the first in his Book of Repentance, and the second in his Liberty of Prophesying, which he writ to weaken Presbytery by pleading for Liberty to all other Sects, as well as to undermine it, as it had undermined Episcopacy; he having published them with submission, and explained them with moderation and Ingenuity, erring possibly as a man, but not persisting in his error as an obstinate man. The reason why he was suffered under the Right Honourable the Earl of Carbery to officiate and keep School (as he did very dexterously) so long in South-wales, to preach and keep a Congregation so long in London, and to have a settlement in Ireland in those times, where he had done so much good, that his Majesty preferred him Bishop of Down and Connor there 1660. In which place, what advices and comforts did he treasure up for all sorts of people, and direct his Clergy to! what Liberal Collections did he make! what Directions to teach inferior Ministers, to say and do well (by reading good and approved Books, especially Casuists; and being skilled in the Rubrics, Canons, Articles, and Homilies of the Church) did he give! what care of constant Prayers and Communions! what strict Injunctions on his Clergy, to visit their Parishioners, and to deal faithfully with them, especially in their sicknesses about their final state! what exact Rules about the observation of the Lords day, the Church Fasts and Festivals, Catechisms, a 〈◊〉 which all ignorant persons of all ages he enjoined to be 〈◊〉 Confirmation, Confession of sin, Declaration of the state of their Souls, and conversation with their Ministers about Spiritual things! what helps and Rules about the practice, methods, and benefits of Meditations! what caution against popular compliances, and making the people's humours the measure of Doctrines, which should be the measure of their humours; indiscreet clashings between Prayers, Sermons, and other Ordinances, unbecoming the discourses of God, or light expression in the things of God, emulation about Audiences, of which he would say, that he that envied his followed Brother is but a Dwarf, that endeavoureth to pull down a higher man; but is a Dwarf still; advising those who could not have the fame of a good Preacher, to take care that they had the Rewards of good men, it being very hard to miss both: what severity against disputing Articles of Faith, or reviving old Heresies and their Arguments, or novel and not allowed Interpretations of Scripture! what diligence he wished popular errors, and evil principles should be suppressed, and the four last things should be inculcated! what discretion he required in the use of Prmititive, known, and accustomed words in Religious Discourses; in teaching all men the duties of their Calling, in avoiding the heights of God's Mysteries, and inculcating the lowliness of Christ's life, in reproving the faults of men that Laws cannot, or do not take cognizance of, especially slandering and backbiting, those poisons of Charity, the life of Religion; yet so common, that it is passed into a Proverb, (After a good Dinner let us sit down, and backbite our Neighbours) in pressing graces that do most good, and make least noise; in discreet reproofs of sin in particular, without reflections upon the person, especially if absent: meddling not with the people's duty before the Magistrate, nor with the Magistrates duty before the people; the first looking like indiscreet flattery, and the other tending to dangerous mutiny, in bringing down general, indefinite things, as getting Christ, uniting to Christ; to minute and particular discourses, in guiding the people's Zeals by good Rules, respecting not their persons, complying not with their curiosity, entertaining them not out of their own Parishes, nor appealing to their judgement, nor suffering them to talk about questions, foment divisions, pretend conscience, keep up names of Sects, but instructing them to fill up their time with serious employments, and conferring with them in the spirit of meekness: He died Aug. 1667. These are the Martyrs of the Royal Cause, the best Cause and the best Men, as accomplished examples, not only of Allegiance, but of all virtues as far as nature can go, improved by grace; and reason raised by faith as much above its self, as it is of its self above sense; who though dead, are not the major part a To go to the dead, is said to go to the greater Number. (as the dead are reckoned) of his Majesty's good subjects, there being as many living that suffered as exemplary with him, as now they act under him; his Court, his Council, his Courts of Justice, his Church, his Inns of Courts, his Universities and Colleges, his Schools, his Armies and Navies, his Forts and Cities being filled (as the Emperor's charges were of old, as Origen and Tertullian, I. Martyr, and other Apologists and Champions for Christian Religion urge) with Confessors. Indeed there is no person in the Kingdom but what either ventured his Life or Estate for him, or oweth his life to him, and I hope none but wo●ld sacrifice all they have to support his Sovereignty, who have been secured in all they have by his Pardon and Mercy. And I do the rather believe it, because there was not a Worthy Person (a few Regicides too infamous for a mention or History excepted) that engaged against these Honourable Persons before mentioned, but at last complied with them; yea, (which is an unanswerable Argument of a good Cause) yielded to their Reasons when they had conquered their Persons, being overcome by the Right and Justice of that Cause the other supports of which had overthrown, being the Converts of afflicted Loyalty, and choosing rather to suffer in that good Cause, and with those Heroic Persons that they had conquered, than to triumph in the Conquest. As I Sir john Hotham and his son, who begun the War, shutting the King out of Hull; before the War was ended, were themselves by their Masters shut out, not only of that Town and all other Commands, b Being knocked off his Horse before that Gate, before which he denied the King Entrance into Hull, and plundered of that Estate, to the value of 25000 l. which he had plundered from his Neighbours. but out of Pardon too; and having spilt more blood than any two men, as one of them confessed, to serve the Faction in the North 1642. 1643. had their own spilt (in a barbarous manner, the Father being cruelly Reprieved to see the Son's Execution) by it at Tower-hill 1644. being denied that Justice (as one oppressed by him at Hull, told Sir john he should) which they had denied others, and obstructed. Sir john finding that true, which his Father, to check his troublesome inclination, told him, (viz.) That he should have War enough, when the Crown of England should lie at Stake. Father and Son, Root and Branch falling together, by that Arbitrary Power, which they had first of any man avowed for: corresponding with the Lord Digby, who came to Hull as a Soldier of Fortune (in a Pinnace, by design suffered to be taken) to work upon Sir john, and draw off that Garrison. A great instance of Providence, that that Party should hazard the dividing of their Heads from their Bodies for the King in his distress, who divided the hearts of the people from him in his prosperity. Nay, 2. Sir Matthew Boynton, who betrayed and took Sir Io. Hotham his own Brother in Law (the nearness of which relation being the umbrage to the design) at Hull 1643. was slain for the King at Wiggan, Lan●. 1651. after he as willingly made one of exiled Majesty's retinue in Holland 1647, 1648, 1649, 1650. as he was a member of the exile Congregations 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640. 3. Sir Alexander Carew who had been on the other side so unhappy, that in the business of the Earl of Stafford, when Sir Bevil Greenvil sitting in the same place with him in the House, as serving for the same County Cornwall, bespoke him to this purpose; Pray Sir, let it not be said that any Member of our County should have a hand in this ominous business, and therefore pray give your vote against this Bill. Sir Alexander replied to this effect. If I were sure to be the next man that should suffer upon the same Scaffold with the same Axe, I would give my consent to the passing of it. For endeavouring to deliver Plymouth, whereof he was Governor, with himself to his Majesty was (as some report upon the instigation of his Brother, Io. Carew, who suffered miserably afterwards, Octob. 1660.) beheaded at Tower-hill, Decemb. 1644. 4. Sir H. Cholmley, as I take it, of Whitby York● that kept Scarborough, for the Parl ●took it with Brown Bushels assistance 1643● for the King, upon whose Royal Consort he attended with 3000 convert Horse and Foot, which cost him 10000 l. besides a long and tedious exile. 5. The Right Honourable H. Earl of Holland, a younger Brother of the Earl of Warwick's, raised to that great Honour, Estate, and Trust (being Justice in Eyre of his Majesty's Forests on this side Trent, Groom of the Stool, Constable of Windsor Castle, Steward of the Queen's Majesty's Lands and Revenues) by King james and King Charles I. for the comeliness of his person, the sweetness and obligingness of his behaviour: upon which last score he was employed Ambassador in the Marriage Treaty of France, 1624. a He said at his death that he had relieved, favoured, and done Offices for that Party as much as any man in the Kingd. favoured the Faction so far, that my Lord Conway writ to the Archbishop of Canterbury from the North, 1640. that Warwick was the Temporal head of the Puritans, and Holland the b By which he meant the invisible. Spiritual; that he was their Patron and c Particularly in the Case of the five Members. Intelligencer at Court, their friend at the Treaty with the Scots at York, and London; and their second in their Petition at York, where the Petition of the Lords was no more than a Transcript of that of the Londoners. And that he chose rather to part with his places at Court, than when the King sent to him to leave that party in Parliament, whom yet afterwards he saw reason so far to desert, that upon his request, they refused him leave to attend the Earl of Essex into the Field: and that denied, he took leave to go with the R. H. the E. of Bedford to the King at Oxford, 1643. to act for him in London, 1644, 1645, 1646. and to rise in Arms for him about Kingston; where being defeated, & taken at St. Neots, after a tedious imprisonment, notwithstanding his sickness and infirmities, tried for his life, and beheaded in the Palace-yard Westmin. recommending with his last words to the deluded People, the King's Government, and the established Religion. The Right Honourable Francis Lord Willoughby of Parham, who with Sir Io. Hotham, the Earl of Stamford, Sir Hugh and Sir H. Cholmley, Sir Christopher Wray, Sir Edward Ayscough, etc. all Converts afterwards in being as active in settling the Militia of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire in obedience to the Parliament, as other persons of quality were in prosecuting the Commission of Array in obedience to his Majesty, was warned by a Letter under his Majesty's hand, dated at York, june 4. 1642. to desist from Assembling the people in those parts upon any pretence whatsoever, upon his allegiance; and answered with much modesty and humility, that though he could not presently desist, without falsifying the trust reposed in him by the Parliaments particular Directions, according to an Ordinance voted by the Lord Keeper Littleton, and the Lord Chief Justice Banks, whose judgements swayed his younger one, as he said, to this action, so unsuitable to his Majesty's liking, yet nothing should pass by his Commands, but what should tend to his Majesty's honour and safety. Agreeably to which ingenious Declaration, when he saw into the bottom of the factious designs, he was so active for his Majesty's honour and safety in the House of Lords, and the City of London, 1645, 1646, 1647. that with the Earls of a Philip Earl of Pembroke escaping narrowly, being then sent with Propositions to Hampton Court. Suffolk, Lincoln, and Middlesex; the Lords Berkley, Hunsden, and Maynard; all, a while deluded by the juncto: and because they presumed to be undeceived, at last punished by them; being impeached of high Treason, for levying War against the King, by endeavouring to make the City and Kingdom for him: chose rather to hazard himself, 1648, 1649, for a conquered and a captive Sovereign (assisting and attending his Son in Holland, and the Fleet, as long as there was any likelihood of serving him) than to have a share any longer in a conquering and prosperous Rebellion, though it cost him several imprisonments and molestations, besides 5000 l. composition. Prosecuting his Loyalty by providing Arms for his Majesty's Friends 1655, 1657, 1658, 1659. at his own charge, till the Restauration; when having a large Estate, and great experience in, b As he had been before 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653. till forced away by Sir George Ayscough another Convert to vanquished Loyalty. he was made Governor of the Caribee Islands, 1660. where going (during the late War) upon a design of recovering St Christopher's, newly seized by the French, he was cast away with most of his Fleet, by an Hurricane, 1666. being succeeded in his Government and Honour by his brother, the Right Honourable G. Lord Willoughby of Parham, 1666. A blessed Cause this (to use the words of that ornament of his ancient and worshipful Family in Suffolk and Norfolk, Mr. Hammond L'Estrange, who ennobled his sufferings as well as the cause he suffered for, by his Writings, especially his Alliance of Liturgies, a Book full of that Various Reading, not common in men of his quality; and his History of King Charles I. a piece compiled with that ingenuity, prudence, and moderation, as was not vulgar in the Writers of his Time) that won its conquering Enemies, all but one, that sacrificed his Reason and Conscience to his ambition, who yet in the midst of his greatness had not one minutes rest from those Fears his Conscience and common foresight, that Right and Truth, which are greater, notwithstanding all his Arts and Methods of settling himself, should prevail. And there being nothing left now for the King's Cause to conquer, but those principles of Religion, and those Ministers that supported the Faction; those stood not out against its Evidence and Arguments: for, 1. Mr. Alexander Henderson, a Moderator of (that is in effect Archbishop in) all the Assemblies in Scotland, one in all the Treaties of England, one of the ablest Presbyterians in both Kingdoms, being overcome with his Majesty's Arguments at Newcastle, where he was Ordered to converse with, and convert his Majesty (when as all his Confinements, his Pen gained those a For the Papers being published, all gave the better to his Majesty. Victories which were denied his Sword) went home heartbroken with Conscience of the injuries he had done to the King, he found every way so excellent. To whom I may join, 2. john Rutherford, a Layman, who was so far won by his Majesty, than their Prisoner, as to hazard his life seven times for his rescue; for which after a great reputation he gained in the King of France his service, and great integrity and ability in serving his own Master, he was 1660. made Governor of Dunkirk, and 1662. Governor of Tangier (and Earl of Tiveot) both which Garrisons he fortified impregnably, being a man of a great reach in Trade, Encamping, and Fortification, and of an unwearied Industry and Diligence: laying the design of the Mole in the last of those places, which when finished, will be a Piece of the greatest concernment in Christendom. He was cut off 1664/5. in a Sally out (as he was a very forward and daring man) upon the perfidious Moors, whom he had reduced to the most honourable peace that ever was enjoyed at Tangier, to recover a Wood that was a great shelter to the Enemy; and would have been of vast advantage unto us. They that begin Wars know not how to end them, without horrid scandals to Religion, and an unparallelled violence offered to all the Laws and Rights in the World. On which consideration many returned to sober principles of Allegiance; and indeed, all rational men acquiesce in the present establishment, according to their respective consciences, actively or passively; in gratitude to his Majesty and the Government for their former Indemnity: that since his Majesty as a Father, looked on all his Subjects as sons; yet caressed his Prodigals, those Subjects that came to themselves, and acknowledged their error, with extraordinary kindness and tenderness, outdoing all his promises and engagements. Let the World see that his promises made and performed, were not the effects of necessity, but the fruits of a gracious and Princely mind, like his Grandfather H. IU. of France, not only pardoned the former Errors of those that were seduced against him and his Father, but preferred and trusted them too. They may make good his late Majesty (of blessed memory) his Royal word and engagement for them, Medit. 27. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that will be more loyal and faithful to his Majesty, than those Subjects, who being sensible of their own errors, and his injuries, will feel in their souls vehement motives to repentance, and earnest desires to make some reparations for their former defects. Mr. Cauton, and Mr. Nalton was banished, and Mr. Christopher Love born in Wales, and bred under Dr. Rogers in New-inn Hall, Oxon. Minister first of St. Ann Aldersgate, and afterwards of St. Laurence Jury, was beheaded for owning the King's Interest, by those with whom he opposed it, so far as to say at Uxbridge, There was no peace to be made with the King, the difference between him and the Parliament being as wide as that between Heaven and Hell. He suffered 1650. when the Presbyterians were in open War for the King, against the Sectaries that were for the Parliament. FINIS. An Advertisement. THere are two other Books of this Authors in the Press, and will be shortly published. The one entitled, CHURCH WORTHIES: Or, the Lives of the Right Reverend Archbishops, the Reverend Bishops, Doctors, and eminent Divines since the Reformation. The other entitled, STATE WORTHIES; Being Observations on the Statesmen and Favourites of England since the Reformation; their Prudence and Policies, Successes and Miscarriages, Advancements and Falls, during the Reigns of King Henry VIII. King Edward VI Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King james, and King Charles I. Both to be sold by Samuel Speed at the Rainbow in Fleetstreet.