ACCADEMICAL Discourses.  
Upon several Choice and Pleasant Subjects.  
Written Originally in Italian, by the Learned and Famous LOREDANO.  
ENGLISHED, By J. B. Gent.  
LONDON: Printed by Tho. Mabb, for John Playfere at the White Bear in the Upper Walk of the New-Exchange, and Margaret Shears at the Blue Bible in Bedford Street. 1664.   

Imprimatur  
Octob. 22. 1663. Roger L' Estrang.   

THE Preface.  
I Think it will be no small obligation, Friendly Reader, to present these following Discourses of the Illustrious Loredano to thee. Who having composed them occasionally for the Academy, intended not they should appear in this slight dress before such as take the confidence to (ensure the Sun of spots, and can find a Mole in the fair Face of Venus. He knows that praise is the reward and result of Merit, and that the applause of the Learned is not to be obtained without a more than ordinary Endeavour.  
He hath often affirmed that in framing them, he used no greater study or application, than what proceeded from a flowing Vein, summoned by necessity for quick dispatch; nor expected other approbation then what is due for his blind obedience to the Laws of the Academy: acknowledging that things done by chance rarely succeed with praise: That the Painter's Temerity and Fortune, who accidentally dashed his Pencil, so happily on his imperfect Picture as to finish it, was above Hope or Expectation successful: That the operations of the mind are of too great importance to be left to the unsteady conduct of Fortune: and that although he ever was desirous to plead excuse for the imbecilities of his works, yet he never pretended to so much confidence for his Negligence.  
But I, who am acquainted with the perfections of his Genius, which makes his modesty become an Addition to his other glories; and who knew that even what he produces without study cannot be ascribed to chance, because Fortune alone cannot guide that quill which not wearied with its happy flights through Italy, hath soared higher and passed into remoter Regions, being by all Virtuosoes esteemed as a Mineral, that can produce nothing of meaner Value than Gold, have courted him with so many repeated Persuasions and Entreaties, as have at length overcome his Nicety, and made him condescend to allow me the disposal of them as I thought fittest.  
Indeed he engaged me to advertise thee to consider on what occasions they were composed, that you might not expect such solid pieces, as some others he hath and may set forth, this being but the Sport, the other the Labour of the Brain and Pen.  
The Illustrious Loredano, not satisfied with these Writings, but knowing he can do better, supposeth he shall be judged of others, as he judges of himself. Whereas I am confident, these Discourses will not want applause, and the care I have taken, that they should not die in obscurity, will be gratefully accepted.  
The Errors of the Press which like other corruptions of this Age, are very rife & spreading, are left to thy Civility for Pardon. Bear with them, Judicious Reader, and remembering what thou art, consider how much humanity is subject to mistake.   

THE Translator TO THE READER.  
THese Ingenious Discourses have been entertained with so great esteem and applause in most other Countries of Europe, that it would stick as a blemish either of Ignorance or Envy upon us, if undervalved here. Which I have little cause to fear, in this curious Age, since they are as rare as new to us, there being nothing of this kind, that I know extant in our Language. These are, indeed, but the least part of them, which if accepted, may be followed by a greater Number hereafter; And this celebrated author made better acquainted to our Nation, by his choicer and more solid writings, some whereof are ready for the Press.  
VALE. J. B.   

A TABLE OF THE Several Discourses.  

I. What Colour is most convenient in a Lover's Face? 1  
II. That silence is the true Father of Love. 7  
III. What thing does most prejudice the beauty of the Face. 16  
IU. What is the greatest favour a Lover can receive from his chaste Mistress. 23  
V. Whether the Rose does presage Felicity or Infelicity to a Lover. 28  
VI. Wherefore in C●prus they protrayed Venus with a Beard. 35  
VII. What the manner of the Florentine Kiss is, and whence its Original. 36  
VIII. Wherefore Physicians affect to Wear great Beards. 42  
IX. That Woman is more faithful to Man, than he to Woman. 47  
X. Whether blushing be a sign of Virtue. 54  
XI. Whether one can Kiss their beloved without Lasciviousness or Sensuality. 58  
XII. Wherefore it is said, That Achiless' Lance did both wound and heal. 64  
XIII. Wherefore Old people Sleep ordinarily less than young ones. 71  
XIV. Whether Gifts or Stealths do most Felicitate Lovers. 76  
XV. Wherefore Pythagoras Prohibited the use of Beans. 80  
XVI. In dispraise of Women. 85  
XVII. What Natural defect is the most excusable. 91  
XVIII. Wherefore great Men do not ordinarily favour Virtuous persons reduced to necessity. 96  
XIX. Whether is most potent to beget Affection Weeping, or Singing. 99    

ACADEMICAL Discourses.  

I. What Colour is most proper and convenient for a Lover's Face.  
I Do believe that black is the only proper Colour for a Lover's Face, and those which think otherwise, either do not love, or else deceive themselves.  
He that loves is noble; because love will not cast away his shafts upon ignoble breasts.  Nobilitas sub amore jacet. 
Sings Ovid 
a Ep. 1.  and Dante 
b Nel. 5. dell in f.   Amor ch'en cor gentle ratto s'apprende. 
Now black is the noblest Colour, because 'tis the most ancient 
c Genesis cap. 1:   
Tenebrae super universam terram, and because it preserves the sight; and because also it contains, or comprehends all other Colours in it, therefore as the most noble, it is the most proper for a Lover's face.  
The Lover is dead, as 'twere, hear Plaut.  Ubi sum, ibi non sum, ubi non sum, ibi est animus. 
The amorous poison issuing from a fair woman's Eyes, deprives the lover of his life, and would not we have that lover's complexion black, that is thus killed by poison? Should not the signs of his death be imprinted on his face.  
Again, Love is an amorous fever, which corrupting the noblest blood, causes his death. Therefore he that loves, dying through the infection of that pestilential fever, cannot properly have any other colour on his face but Black.  
The lover is obliged to improve his Lady's honour, but what greater honour, can the lover do his Lady, then to serve as a shadow or foil to set forth her beauty with the greater lustre? The charms of beauty are never discerned so well, as by the inequality of such oppositions: the snow never seems so pure and rarely white, as when it falls upon the blackest soil.  
The affections of the heart are charactered, and copied in the face: therefore if the heart be in a flame, the face must needs bear the signs of it, and what greater tokens can a lover give, that he nourishes a fire within his breast, then by showing the coals and sooty smoke upon his face.  
The face can never express its grief for the sick heart, so well as by clothing itself in such a mourning habit; Nor can the beloved give any credit to his affection, unless she see him cloud his face with sorrow, grieving for his lost heart, and liberty.  
Who can deny, but such a face must needs become an Ethiope, which is continually exposed so near the rays of two most ardent suns.  
a Arist. de Col.  Omnia combusta nigrescunt. 
That lover which does not clothe his face with black, detracts from the merits of his Mistress, as if the beams that darted from her eyes, had not the power to draw a veil of darkness over his face.  
The lover's face ought to appear in such a manner, as is most likely to move his Lady's Eye to pity; and what colour is more likely to obtain that pity, than black and mourning weeds, which death itself doth mingle with its horrors?  
The lover ought to wear upon his face, the signs of what he ever most desires: and what should a lover more desire, either to receive, or steal his amorous enjoyments, than a dark midmight, whereof this black is a good Simbol on his face.  
The lover's face ought to be black, thereby to show his Lady the secrecy of his affections, as having hid them from the Eyes, and knowledge of the world amidst that darkness; or else to demonstrate his constancy, which like the black receives no alteration, nor cannot mask itself under any new appearance, as other colours do.  
The lover ought to seek all advantages for his beloved, and therefore having a black face, it will preserve her sight: Nor does the black dissipate or segregate those purer Atoms and lively spirits issuing from her eyes.  
a Arist. loc. cit.  Nigrum vim obtinet congregandi. 
Black is a sign of an indefatigable and robust strength, ever much desired by the beloved, because they presuppose a great heat in that breast, which hath even cann'd, and scorched the very face.  
And then 'tis likewise a sign of a great humility; that even the very beauty of the face, is retreated from thence into the heart, in honour and reverence of her presence.  
By the Frontispiece we come to a great knowledge of the work, by this Porch we may give a guess of the whole Fabric: and how can we then describe the amorous Hell in a heart, but by the funest horrors of a black face?  
Paleness in a face, is not always a sign of love. Those that betray and they that are betrayed; such as fear, or hope, or hate, or envy, have ordinarily a constant paleness dwelling on their Cheeks. A lover cannot merit any thing by such a Colour, which may proceed from so may different causes, hardly known by the lover himself.  
Other more brisk and lively colours cannot signify love, a lover's soul is too much oppressed to leave such signs of joy upon the face. The face does first of all declare the passions of the soul, and is the truest Index of the heart: therefore to conclude, I do believe, there is no colour that can so well befit a lover's face, as black alone.   

II. That Silence is the true Father of Love.  
SO great is the love, that is bred in me, towards yourselves, most virtuous Academic? When I observe your favourable silence, and attention to what I say, that I find myself obliged to affirm that silence is the true Parent, or Father of love.  
I shall not at this time go to distinguish of the sorts of love, because I would not confound them. But I will treat of love in general, because the practice of one single love, shows either a want of affection, or of deserts.  
Silence, Illusters Academs, is very ancient, it being indeed brother to that darkness out of which the first light was extracted. Nay, if it were possible for any thing to have had being, before the eternal being of God himself, certainly it must have been Silence. Now on the other hand, Love 
a Passim amorem ex antiquissimis dis esse concedetur, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 convivi●.  according to Plato's, and 
b Cae●. Rho. lib. 8. cap. 25.  Hesiods testimony was the first deity, which the veneration of antiquity brought forth: and therefore it could not possibly have any other Parent than Silence.  
But suppose we, that Love is the child of Venus (which nevertheless I dare not believe, because true love cannot have its Original in an impure breast) how ever Silence was the Father of it. For, says, 
a Claud Minoe. sop. l'alicate emb. 106.  Epicharis, Silence inspires women with good thoughts and Nicostrates delivers that 'tis the reward, and wages of chastity; Democritus, that it serves for a rare Ornament; and Sophocles that it adds much honour and reputation to them. In a word, all the spoils which the pride and Luxury of Asia or the novelties that Africa produces 
b Silentium mulieri prestat ornamentum; Arist. 1. Po●et.  could not so much beautify and adorn a woman as Silence alone does 
c Inhumanis silentia nihil optubilius 〈◊〉. oalcay.  it being the most desirable thing that can be in them,  
And should we then believe, that Venus the most haughty and ambitious of all the Goddesses, who to heighten and add lustre to her beauty, and Majesty, sent poor Psyche 
d Luc. Apul. Meth. lib. 3.  even to the bottom of the lowest Hell, has not had to do with Silence, and made use of her amorous Sovereignty, first of all on him, who has so much amability? and Phi●lias surely for the same reason placed the Tortoise which is the H●ero-glyphiek of silence, at the feet of that Goddess, as 'twere to put her in remembrance of her dearest and first lover. Nor ought this truth to be doubted at all: since adulterers above all other things, do love Silence.  
But it may be objected that it does not conclude that Silence is the true Father of Love, because Venus has had some amorous league and interest with it; since unchaste women at all times, abandoning themselves to the wanton embraces of any one, cannot themselves easily know the right Father of their Issues, unless sometimes it may be guessed by the resemblance which it bears with the true Parent.  
Let us therefore examine what resemblance there is betwixt this love, and Silence by the 
a Piero vader, Giero. lib. 12.  Greeks was figured very young and handsome, and so littlewise is love described to be pretty, and youthful.  
Silence is represented holding one finger upon its mouth, to show 〈◊〉 cannot speak; and love being but a baby, or child cannot surely pronounce one word, which is experimented in lovers; 
b Cart. p. 136.  who grow dumb at the very presence of the beloved object, and wherefore did antiquity portray Silence with two wings as they did Love, unless to demonstrate the Image of the Father and the Son? Who then can doubt, Silence having been beloved by Venus, and love bearing the same shape and Image with silence, but that it must needs be the true Son of Silence.  
But will you also see how a like they are in their manners, and customs, Love always rewards those, that Love.  
a Marins'.  Love the reward of Love. 

b dante.  In like manner the rewards of Silence do never fail Tutta Silentii praemia.  
Silence makes the most foolish become wise, for 'tis wisdom to hold their peace, 
c call. 〈◊〉, di silent.  Quisque Tacen● sapit. and Love makes the most ignorant to become witty, for he teaches them the wit to love.  


d Marini Idie Past.  Love a great Master, sure must be  
Who can so soon teach Clowns Philosophy.   
So sings Marini and Tasso.  

e Torqua, Taste.  In loves school, what cannot be learned?  
I wonder that Lovers should desire, and long for nothing more than the dark night, as a reward for their services) or an earnest of their enjoyments; as if not deserving the amorous delights, they wai●e for night to have the opportunity to steal them, do not the eyes, 
a Plut. lib. 3. quest. conu. q. 6.  infinitely increase the enjoyments of a beauty? and does not the sight, according to Plato inflame the affections of the body in a moment, and being assisted by the objects seen, renews with mighty power and creates fresh desires in our hearts and souls? This is truth, and wherefore then is darkness so much longed for, whose black veil can only hide the charms of beauty from the eyes? Wherefore is that black night so much wished for, which only Eclipses the beloved Sun? Most understanding, most divine lovers, They know love is not begot, or b●ed but by Silence, being therefore willing to beget affection in their Mistress' hearts, they first seek out the deepest silence, which ordinarily makes its residence in the solitary Palace of the night.  

b Nimia facilitate linguae amicittiis odia suve dear.  Hatred is the of spring of the Tongue, which commonly affronts and wounds the calmest, and most patient spirits, which makes its venom the more incurable and insupportable and therefore all those that have much Tongue are naturally odious and hated? For this cause Scylla 
a 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉. 5.  according to the testimony of Plutar, hated the Athenians, more for their words than actions. Now than if the Tongue be so great an enemy unto love; by the reason of contraries, love is the only child, and issue of Silence.  
And from whence proceeds the love of Princes towards their favourites, but from their Silence, should not the favourites be faithful Privadoes, to conceal the secrets, and vices of their Princes, they could never bear such sway, and so Tyrannize over their affections as they do 
b Nullum garrulum qui non odiosis sil. cael. calea, descrip. silentii.  The Athenians were once invited by the Ambassadors, of King 〈◊〉, and these to trace a path to the love and favour of the King knowing that all they said would come to his ear, they all in a vain ostentation, bragged and vaunted either of their Births, Valours, or other high deserts: only, Zenon alone, more 
(c) Plut. de Garru●.  
(d) Plut. loc. cit. Garrul.  wise than all the rest, kept himself silent. For which cause one of the Ambassadors asked him: Zeno and what shall we tell the King of thee? Tell him replied Zenon that in Athens there is an old man that can hold his Tongue, a most prudent answer, and worthy of so great a Philosopher, since the love of Princes cannot be obtained but by Silence.  
Women do not love men so entirely as they would, because they are not more secret, could they but hope, or be assured of Silence in them, they would love them all, most infinitely, and conform themselves readily to any of their desires. And women expecting love from Men to them again, cannot believe there is any true love, where there is not an inviolable Silence 
a Boccac. Decameron.  〈◊〉 da Lamporecohlo, says, that only by being verily thought to have no Tongue, it bred and inspired love, and lasciviousness in the very bosoms of those Nuns, that had made vows of Chastity, and virginity; and therefore Marino when he would persuade his Lady to love, bragged that he had Silence in possession.  

a Maria. Nella. Lera. p. 3.  And our excellent Master Cowley,  


b Cowleys Mistress the enjoyment.  ●en out of Wisdom, women out of pride  
The pleasant theses of love do hide.   
That may secure thee; but thou hast yet from me a more infalliable security.  

For there's no danger I shall tell  
The joys which are to me unspeakable.   
What thing, Sirs, is more hideous, and fearful than the stormy Sea, unruly, implacable, unmerciful, which though it contain the world's greatest riches in its own empire already, does yet every day swallow up the Merchant's wares and treasures. Those that do not dread, and hate its deafening roar, must either be ignorant of its power and danger, or lodge a heart of brass within them, when it murmurs softly 'tis treacherous and deceitful; and if it loudly roar then 'tis infinitely perilous. But yet if with an absolute gentle calm it smooths its self into a Looking-glass; or so far imitate the even vault of Heaven, as to wear the perfect Image of the Sun with all its beauty, in its marry bosom, which any curious Eye may safely look upon without offending the sight. Then who does not delight in't, and love it, who does not praise and admire it? By this therefore appears, that love is the child of Silence.  
Wherefore is the Music and Harmocy of the Sphear's so much celebrated and loved, but because 'tis so silent to our ears; which Silence alone does create and beget, our venerations and love towards it.  
Nay the very Heavens itself becomes fearful and hateful to us, when with a thundering mouth, and a fiery Tongue, it blasts or threatens poor Mortals; and on the contrary, how much it is beloved, when with a clear and serene Countenance it smiles upon us; and by its Silence seems to study new blessings for us.  
And wherefore is Silence so strictly commanded to all religious people, but because Silence begets love, and therefore they by a sacred and Religious Silence, should strive to get the love of God in their hearts, and learn what veneration is due to such a Majesty.  
But whilst I make Love to be the offspring of Silence, I would not have my much talk beget your hatred towards me. Nor would I have it said to me  Aut sile, aut meliora quovis afferos silentio. 
I shall therefore, now hold my peace, hoping that my silence will beget your Love towards me.   

III. What thing does most prejudice the Beauty of the Face.  
BEauty is nature's 
a Formosa facies nula commendatio est. Pub. Sir, apud stob.  silent Letter of recommendation, written in divine Characters, which flatteringly ensnares the Soul to its most sweet Tyranny; whose empire by how much it is the more excellent, so much the shorter is its duration; for the greater the beauty the shorter lived it is; and the more tempting, and grateful to our Eyes, the sooner does 
b Scias nec gratius quidquam decore, nec brevitus, Sueton, lib. 11. cap. 18.  it fly away: 'tis but a flash of Lightning which vanishes as soon almost as it appears and cannot be fixed even by the possessors of it themselves. Poor Beauty sometimes transformed by Age into a grave where it lies 
a Lunanus senem vocal animatum quod dam, sepuletirum, Ovid, 6. Inf.  buried) alive in the deep wrinkles of its own ruin'd face, and sighs for ever after for its own frailty; sometimes tormented with the passions of the Soul, or the various accidents of Fortune, sometimes foully blasted by envious Tongues, or an unhandsome disease; and most commonly hurried to the Chambers of death, in the midst of its florid spring, or maturer summer by the inexorable cruelty of fate. Briefly it is the decree of Heaven that all things should Tyrannize over that beauty, which can alone Tyrannize over the Souls of those, that in all other things do command the whole universe. How ever there is nothing, in my opinion, which does so much prejudice the Beauty of a Face, as Chastity. I hope I shall need no excuse for my confidence in this belief. Nor do I fear the anger of that Goddess since indeed there is no such Deity as Chastity, but only in the credulous opinions of Men.  
Beauty being a ray 
a Pulchritudo est radius divina bonitatis. Plut. de Pla. Philo.  and 
b Pulchri est splendor divini luminis. Plat.  splendour of the brightness and bounty of God, aught to be communicable to all. The Sun itself would lose its worth if with an interested partiality it should deny its light and splendour, to any creature.  
c Pastor Fido.  What's Beauty (tell me) if not viewed? or viewed, if not pursued? or if pursued, pursued by one alone. 
But where 
d Tam insignis erat apud Priscos Virgicum & uxoris, etc. Claud. Minoe, sopra gli Embl. d' alciato. lib. 47. p. 238.  chastity takes footing, it kicks out all pretence of curiosity and will not suffer the least look, or glance. Chastity will have no other associate then itself, 'tis a Melancholy Devil that still bolts up itself from all others in a solitary retiredness; and fears the very whispering of the winds, and the mutinies of its own thoughts. Thus Beauty is prejudiced by it, making it lose the attributes of divine, and good by not communicating its glory, and sweetness unto others. Strict Chastity will not permit a Lady to consult with her own Looking-glass, nor to adorn herself so as to be able to contend for the precedency of Beauty with others; It will not suffer her to curl her Locks into a winding Labyrinth to catch her lovers; Nor add sometimes a graceful blush to her paler Cheeks, to please and tempt fond gazers with that borrowed sweetness; they must not hide any little defects, or be so bold as to help natures mistakes with a skilful curiosity; much less may they clothe the whole Face with a false (though fair) vizard of youthful spring, in their declining Autumn, or rob the Graves of their rich treasures of hair, to wove a Crown for their own Heads, and Majesty; and does not this chastity therefore extramly wrong, and spoil a beauty of its charms and advantages, by denying those lawful Ornaments, which only can preserve, or advance its reputation?  
The greatest glory of a beauty, is to be the object and delight of all Eyes, and as 'twere the soul of all hearts. That beauty is poor in power and merits, which hath not the applause of every Tongue, and like a supreme Intelligence, gives motion to all men's hearts and affections. But if they be chaste, they lose so much of their value and esteem as they want services and obedience; so much must they abate of their deserts, as they are destitute of obsequious servants. Thus again, does chastity appear to be a prejudice to beauty; robbing them of so many votaries, so great applauses, and daily adorations. It being only a Placonical fancy to think, that lovers can be satisfied and pleased with their Mistress' chastity; and not have any further aim in their Services.  
The eyes are the perfection of the faces beauty, and that with reason, because they are composed all of light, and for no other cause were they seated under the brows; but to demonstrate, that they ought to wear those arches in triumph of their beauty. Now chastity makes them bend, and cast down their sight and looks, having, according to Philostratus no other nest, or residence to shelter itself under, but the Eyelids. See then how chastity deprives beauty of its chiefest Ornament hiding its most illustrious perfections, and with some reason we may think that beauty but a dead one, which hath already lost its Eyes and sight.  
Fame, which is the Echo of all voices proclaiming the glories of a beauteous Face, renders it venerable to all hearts, and desirable to every Eye. But the chaste 
a Parum puduum haberetur, de quarumor quam vis viri potuit, sed ea demum summa marovalis pudicitriae laus haberetur si mulier adeo conclusa viveret ut nullus esset, qui de ea, vel bene, vel male loqui posset, Mino●. loc. cit.  beauty is obliged to conceals herself even from the Eye of Heaven, and the Tongue of Fame itself. She must not be contaminated by the sound of that trumpet, which may be profaned by a thousand falsities, and so beauty must suffer for its reservedness, and lose that general approbation, and applause, which would be published by the mouth of Fame, to its most infinite advantage.  

b Laqueos unde tendit amor.  Love spreads his Nets, and lays his ambushes in every place, and others strengths and resistance, se●ves only to make his victories the more glorious.  
If a chaste beauty, then will secure itself from such a puissant enemy, she must of necessity put on Armour. Therefore Alicato teaching how Virgins should guard themselves, represents Pallas armed with a weighty shield in one hand, and a strong Sphere in the other. Now consider what a prejudice and trouble this must be to delicate beauties. They must be constrained to sink under the weight of heavy Armour and bury the sweetness of their lovely beauty, within an Iron prison: Unhappy beauty, which for its chastity, must ever stand upon a watchful guard, and enjoy no other content, or receive any other reward, than its own fear, and toil.  
Therefore all Authors conclude that 
a Loc. Cit Juvenal Latis. X. Ovid Lib. 8. Amor. Ele. 4. vi 41.  beauty and charity are incompatible, and cannot possibly dwell together, that a chaste 
b Argumentum est difformis pudicitia. Sent. 8. de Benf. Cap. Ep. 15. ver. 289.  breast is an argument of a deformed Face, and therefore Ovid, makes Paris write to Helena, (c) that if she will be chaste, she must first cease to be beautiful, for no other reason certainly, but because chastity does so much wrong and prejudice to beauty, that 'tis almost impossible a chaste Lady should either be, or believe herself to be beautiful.  
And therefore wise antiquity, will have Venus, who is the fairest of all the Goddesses, to be the most wanton and unchaste, to demonstrate, that beauty can receive no greater prejudice than what proceeds from Chastity.  
But I forget, whilst I discourse of beauty; how much I discover the deformity of my own Genius. I beseech you pardon me, and except of it, because I knowing beauty to be the mother of love, pretended by speaking of beauty to obtain the love of you all towards me.   

IU. What is the greatest Favour that a Lover can receive from a Lady of Honor.  
Woman is an abstract of all Nature's glory, and riches: she is an amorous Heaven, casting down most gracious influences, and therefore innumerable are the favours which a lover from her liberal goodness may receive. But I myself (who never had so much merit, or confidence as to aspire to the head) have always through humility prostrated and planted my greatest hopes beneath their feet, and thought my ambition fairly satisfied, when a Lady of Honour hath vouchsafed to trample on me, I mean to tread on my foot, and this I thought to be the greatest favour she could bestow, to selicitate the vows, and wishes of my heart, esteeming it a happy Omen of the progress my love did make, whilst her fe●t were in that motion, and an assurance I should be one day entirely possessed of her heart, since our effections had already taken such good footing.  
And truly, what greater favour can a lover receive, since the foot is a guide to the head, the instrument of motion, an argument of the affections of the soul, and of the defects of the body, the supporter and base of a little world.  
The Egyptians 
a Pet. valer, lib▪ 35.  Hieroglyphiok of inconstancy, was a foot not sustained at all by any thing, and therefore when by an excessive savour my Mistress would demonstrate how constant she ever resolved to be towards me, she set her foot upon mine, because a foot thus placed with stability did amongst the same 
b Loc. cit.  Egyptians signify a fixed constancy and duration.  
Some others by the foot did use to represent a slave, or Servant, and indeed the feet may with reason be called the slaves and servants of the body, because they are ever employed to support, and carry up and down, like slavish Potters, the whole burden of all other members. My Mistress therefore being willing to entertain me for her servant, vouchsafed to tread on my foot, it being the custom of the ancient Conquerors to tread on the feet of their Prisoners, to show them their subjection.  
The foot according to 
a Loc. Cit  Valerius, is the Symbol of a work quite perfected and finished. Therefore we proverbially say, ad calcem, when we mean to declare the perfect termination of any thing. What greater favour than would I receive from a Lady; who by trampling on my foot did advertise me, that the work was finished, that is, that my affection and faith had found a gracious acceptance, and lodging in her Soul and Heart?  
The foot as Aristotle 
b Probl. S, 2 quest. 26.  says is the coldest of all the members, and therefore Physicians above all things, Counsel their sick patients to keep their feet warm, because by their natural coldness, they are most apt to receive hurt from the evil qualities the air does produce in them. Therefore such a Lady could not favour me more eminently then to show by treading on my foot, that my affection had inflamed her, even the coldest parts, and farthest extremities from the heart, which by consequence, are most frozen.  
The ancients were wont to make signs with their feet, when they adherr'd to any man's desires, or opinions, and from thence comes that Proverb. Pedibus in Sententia discedere. Now what greater honour could I receive or desire, then to be ascertained of the Lady's affection, Since by her foot she gave a sign of her compliance with my affection, and testified her approbation of my service.  
The refusal of any one to let us touch their feet, is an argument of pride.  
Therefore says Boccace, 
a Boceace Labyrinth.  L'havereste Levata in tanta superbia, che le piante de piedi non le si sarrebbone potute tocare. Now my Mistress to show that such a vice as haughtiness, or pride, had no Jurisdiction over her soul, by this humility and excess of honour to me, caused me to touch the sole of her Foot.  
Achilles, a Hero so glorious as to merit that 
a Homer. Illi.  Homer should become the trumpet of his never dying fame, who was envied by Alexander the great himself, could not be wounded in any part but the heel; have not I cause then to glory in this immortal favour vouchsafed by such a Lady, who though she had a thousand other ways to wound me, yet that I might be paralleled to Achilles, she would only stick me in the foot.  
In fine, I cannot but be proud of the honour my Lady did me, showing she so much esteemed me by treading on my foot, that doubting lest I should have quitted her affection, she by that means seemed to constrain me to abide here for ever, and who would not think it was a great honour to me, that she should let me feel her weight.  
But lest I should make this discourse too long by a foot, except of this my imbecilities which I sacrifice to our Prince as a tribute of my obedience, 
b Alex, ab. Alex, lib. 7. cap. 9  as anciently the feet were Consecrated unto Mercury.  
And I believe that he (to conclude.)  

Who sets out at the Foot, come to the place  
Sooner than he, that sets out at the Face.    

V. Whether the Rose do presage Felicity, or Infelicity to a Lover.  
I Should now (clothing the sentiments of my Soul, with the beauty and ornaments of handsome words) bless and thank that hand, which being Prodigal of its favours, hath vouchsafed to bestow a Rose on me, the Queen of Flowers; (though its purple did not claim that just pre-eminence) such gifts are common, which oblige us but to common expressions. My tongue has not so much sweetness, or sufficiency as to satisfy these obligations which my heart is bound to acknowledge; and I am the less capable to do it, because the late learned discourser of dreams, has so possessed, and charmed my intellects, that I can only wonder at the height of his inimitable Elequence that made it.  
And then if I should say, it has the precedency above all Flowers and for that cause perhaps it wears the Regal Ornaments: that if Gardens were Heavens, the Rose would be the Sun in those Heavens that it shuts itself up with the day; because it fears to be in the obscurity, or blasted by the malignity, and treachery of the night: that 'tis the Image and perfect mirror of Princes bearing in its self, both the rewards, and punishment, that to beautify itself, it rob Venus of her blood, and the Gods of their Nectar; that 'tis the glory of the spring, a miracle of Nature: and an excess of the benignity, and bounty of heaven; all these notwithstanding would be but poor conceits of a mendicated Eloquence either blazed already a thousand times, by the common breath of Fame, or infinitely beneath the just encommiums it deserves and the grandeur of its merits.  
The Rose itself, is a praise to its own self, and for no other reason does its leaves sprout forth in the forms of tongues, but to declare that itself is only worthy to proclaim and publish its own just praises: and having not the benefit of speech, though the Proverb says, that Roses speaks, yet it expresses itself sufficiently by its perfumed breath.  
But how much the more worthy the Rose is amongst all other Flowers, so much the more incertainty does it breed in this question, whether it can presage happiness, or infelicity to Lovers.  
The Etymology of the name Rose coming from Riso, promises joy to my affections; but as it may possibly come from the verb Roderam it threatens me with the continual know, and languishing of my Soul by concupiscence.  
The sanguine Colour in the Rose prognosticates the blushes of my Cheeks, if I should give my soul the liberty to dote and admire too much the beauties of any Face. But it may also presage, that I shall love a beauty so singular and excellent, that it shall force each one to blush, that shall but dare to contend with her for the priority of beauty.  
I might fear lest the bloody colour of the Rose should predict my Martyrdom for Love. But on the other hand, I am assured that 'tis a sign of felicity, and grandeur, it being the colour which most great Monarches use for their chief Ornament.  
The Multiplicity of the Roses leaves, may seem to point out her avarice, whom I shall love as if she would pretend to have many rich gifts, and but yet I know she cannot so much covet gifts and rich presents, who like the Rose shall have already a Crown of Gold in her own bosom.  
The many Rose leaves, which resemble tongues, does tell me, that a thousand several tongues, shall proclaim my happy love; Nevertheless I remember, that the Rose is the Hieroglyphic of silence, and was therefore by the Grecians consecrated unto Harpocrates.  
The prickle joined to the Rose, do menace me with many sharp troubles, which may accrue from my affections: yet this again secures me, that as the Rose does flourish and tryomph amidst those many thorns; so I in despite of all opposition and difficulty, shall yet attain the fruition of my desires.  
The prickles also may portend danger, and mortal wounds. But the leaves on the other part do promise a perfect cure, being very effectual to staunch the blood, and heal the wound.  
Again the Prickles may intimate, that I shall be assaulted, by many Rivals; but Homer tells us, that Venus anointed the body of Hector with Oil of Roses, to preserve him from the bitings of mad Dogs.  
The green at the extremities of the Rose leaves, are called Nails of Fingers by Dioscorides, which seem to declare, that if I will enjoy my desires, I must steal that happiness; but on the contrary I am promised the free gift of it. The Rose being the Symbol of kindness freely imparting its ravishing odours to every one.  
The Rose receives its nourishment and perfume from the Rain, and morning dews, which makes me fear it prophesies that my affection, and amours must be fed with the daily aliment of my tears: on the other side, my hopes are flattered by this consideration, that as water does easily make the Rose to spring and bloom, so my tears shall soon make me obtain the sweets of my desires.  
I fear some infelicity in my Love, because I know the Rose yields poison to the Spider; but then the pretty Bee does comfort me again, who from the self same Rose extracts the sweetest Honey.  
From the frail beauty of the Rose, which begins to wither, and decay as soon as it is born; I might raise a doubt of the frailty, and inconstancy of my love; but that I know they do no truly Love, who do not continue to Love even after death, as the Rose though dead, and dry preserves a pleasing sweetness, and was perhaps for this cause, by the Ancients strewed upon their kindred's Graves.  
It might be guessed, that my Love should not be true, and faithful to me alone; because the Rose is a flower, that is, common to all; did not I know on the contrary, that a Rose if handled or touched by many, presently leeses its lustre, and native sweetness, and that its beauty and glory is its virginity.  
To extract the water from a Rose, it must be done either by pressure and stamping, or by the violence and heat of the fire; from whence it may be conceived, that my choicest affections shall not obtain their wished end, but by much trouble and labour; and yet we know the Rose ever comunicates its odours and fragrancy, with freedom and liberality.  
The Rose delights, attracts, and sweetly courts every one that beholds or approaches it, which may infer that she may have but little honesty, whom I shall adore; that treasure being unsecure, which lies within the reach of every covetous hand, as seeming to invite and tempt any fond Passenger; but this is my comfort, when I consider, how it is armed, and surrounded with a strong guard of prickles, for the defence of its own honour, and chastity, wherewith it bears off, and destroys all those little envious infects which come to soil its beauty, and innocent sweetness▪  
In fine, for all those other many contrarieties, yet nevertheless, since the Rose, if well considered, appears to be a little paradise to the Eye, honey to the taste, and a Cordial to the heart, I think I may safely conclude, that it does really presage future happiness and felicity to Lovers.  
But whilst I have so long discoursed of the Rose, I seem to have forgot, that I make you feel the prickles, and sit on thorns, by my too Prolix harangue, which yet your noble sweetness, with an abundant benignity and favour, have vouchsafed to applaud, and approve by your silence, and attention, though uttered with much weakness.   

VI Wherefore in Cyprus they Portrayed Venus with a Beard.  
MAerobius in his Saturnalius 
a In his 3. Book.  affirms, that in Cyprus, they portrayed and adored Venus with a Beard.  
Perhaps, that men, seeing, that a Beard on a woman's Face is monstrous, might learn, that if they suffered their Venerea● affections to grow old, and beard their senses, they would be monstrous, and deformed, and therefore Ariosto sings 
b Orlando Eurioso. Canto. 24. Stan. 2.  In whom fond Love shall carry long the sway.  

I wish for due rewards. Those monstrous dolts  
And wilful Prisoners, store of Iron bolts.   
Perhaps to hide the Blush of their Faces, who are ashamed of their own weak submission to the Commands of a woman; the Beard being a sign of virility.  
Perhaps they would let us thereby understand, that Venus was not a new Deity, but Ancient and had been worshipped by the first men that ever were in the world.  
Or else the beard being a token of prudence they meant to signify that Venus or Venery, without the curb of prudence, is a Fury not a Deity, and therefore they assigned the goddess Venus, a beard to distinguish her from Venus the fury; But thus Max. Tyr▪ speaks of Venus: 
a Max. Tyrius Dissert.  Praesertim si furiis quibusdam agitata, quam proxime ad furorem accedat.  
These were all the observations of my excellent friend the noble S. G. D. a man of exquisite ingenuity, and singular erudition, to which I should make no addition of my own, were it not natural, for such great lights, to be attended on by shadows.  
I suppose therefore also, that the Cypriots Pictured Venus with a beard, to demonstrate the power and virility which is in a beautiful woman's face, and therefore Socrates calls beauty a Short Tyranny.  
Or else to let us know that the gravest, oldest and wisest men, were not thereby exempted, or freed from amorous affections, since Venus did make use even of their beards, (though sage Philosophers) to adorn her own face, or else to teach us, that such as daily frequented the Temple, or use of Venus, did suddenly become old, and decrepit.  
The beard begets respect and veneration. Barbaepilli says, Clement Alexandrinus, non sunt vexandi; ut qui vultui gravitatem, & quendum patternum terrorem incutiata. And therefore perhaps those of Cyprus, to add the greater veneration to their goddess, portrayed her with a beard.  
The Beard signifies, Sorrow, Repentance, and Dolour, according to Pliny, 
a Lib. 7. Epi. 27.  Romanis says he Mox. fuit in merore 〈◊〉 bam, & capillum submittere. So that it may be to advertise, what trouble and repentance accompanied the pleasures of Venus 
b Plant. Cistel. Act. 1. Sc. 1.   

(Namque castor amor, & melle, & felle est foecundissimus  
Gustus dat dulce, amarum ad satietatem, usque oggerit)   
They Portrayed Venus with a Beard,  
Women that have beards are, as Tassonius will have it, 
a In his tenth Book of Pensieri.  Witches, or Sorceresses, therefore perhaps to this purpose, the Cypriots painted Venus with a Beard, to show that beauteous women have the power to bewitch and enchant the Souls of Lovers.  
Venus is more potent, than any thing in the world, in efficacy and persuasion. Nehil ego, says Aristenetus, esse venere efficacius, aut persuadere, potentius censeo. Therefore it may be, they would for this reason make her with a Beard, as belonging chiefly to great Orators, or being the badge of a Philosopher.  
Suidas nevertheless affirms, that the Romans adored Venus with a beard, because that goddess might have the Marks both of a Male and Female, as one that had the Super-intendence, of the generation of all Creatures. The rather because the Ancients gave to each of their Deities, the name of Male and Female.   

VII. What is the manner of the Florentine Kiss, and from whence came its Original?  
THat Kiss which we call the Florentine, is to take hold of the parties e●res, with ones h●nds, and then join Lips to Lips, So Giraldus affirms 
a Giraldus, Dia. 9  Florentinum osculum, Quo Osculo appraehendebat utrinque mihi●ures, & os●lahantur▪  
This nevertheless appears to have been an ancient Custom amongst the Greeks and Romans▪ Plut● makes particular mention thereof, and this according to Julius Pollucia; is written in a very old Comedy.  
Prehendens per aures da mihi Phytre Osculum▪ And in Plautus 
b Act. 3. Asia.   
Prehende auriculis, compara labella, cum labellis. And the same Author in another place 
c Act. 5. sce▪ 2.   
Sine te exorem, Sine te prehendam auriculis, sine te dem Suavium.  
And in Theoe. 
a Idie. 5.   

Non Amo ego Alcippem, nam non prius oscula porsit.  
Auribus Arripiens, tribui quam dona palumbi.   
And in Tibull 
b Lib. 2. Ele. 5.   Gnatusque parenti oscula compressis auribus eripiet. 
Statius writes thus in his Commentary upon Catullus. R●mae apud Episcopum Caprani eensem in veteri monumento. Dis Manibus Zosime sacro, Cupido alatus, comprensis auribus, Zosimen ipsam deosculatur.  
This manner of kissing Giraldus, thinks had its Original from the Custom of drinking in two eared pots, or Jugs, because when any one drinks in those kind of Vessels he seems indeed to be Kissing.  
This kind of Kissing may have been invented, to hinder the party kissed, from withdrawing too soon at their own pleasure; for so when they desired a long Kiss they would be sure to take good hold, as people usually do, when they mean to drink a very deep uninterrupted draught, in those two eared pots. Or else they meant thereby not only to please the Lips with a melting soft touch, but also to advertise the ears, of the sweet sound and smack thereof.  
The privation of one sense augments and increases the perfection of another. The blind do superabound in excellency of memory, and the dumb excel in subtlety, and ingenuity. Therefore who knows but they found out this mode of Kissing, that by hindering the ears of their function of hearing, the delight of tasting, and feeling might be increased.  
Perhaps it might be to signify, that they can have no ear to hear, or attend the voice of reason, who are Kissing two Rosied tempting Lips, whose sweetest Nectar hides a Poisonous charm within them.  
But yet in my opinion, this way of Kissing was first used, because the Ears, are consecrated to Memory, and they would by this Invention, advertise the Ears not to lose the Memory of so delicious a pleasure as was Kissing.  
The name of the Florentine Kiss, proceeded only from this, because it was more used in Florence, than any where else. Those of Florence, nevertheless (as Baptista Yorretti, affirms) do always, or most commonly, call it the French Kiss.   

VIII. Wherefore Physicians affect to wear great Beards.  
THe beard is an Ornament to the Face, which adds handsomeness, and veneration to the person, as Aristotle will have it. So that he is almost unworthy the name of a man, that hath no beard; there being no greater sign, than that of his Virility. Vir sum says Arianus 
a H●ist. Lib. 1.  sic me convenias, sic mecum loquere, aliudne quaeras inspice signa. And Clem. Alex. 
b Lib. 2. Ped.  speaking of the beard. Hoc viri signum, per quod vir apparet. And Muson 
c Stobeus, Mar●, Fi.  Barbum signum esse viri. From hence it is, that Physicians to be verily believed they are men (it being possible their many Homicides may make them be thought otherwise of) do take an especial care to have great beards.  
Physician's vaunt, that their science, hath much divinity in it, wresting men, by their supernatural medicaments, ordinarily out of the hands of death.  
Ars medica, says Ficinius, & divinitus accepta est, & divinitus exercetur.  

Arcem aliam Deus, & rerum natura repertrix.  
Instituere, sacram, qua languida corpora morbo.  
Eriperunt quovis propriae rediturae saluti.   
Sings a worthy Poet. Physicians therefore willing to make ostentation of their divinity, procure great beards, to teach us, that they are given them by the duties; Conveniens, says Arianus, speaking of the beard, Insignia▪ deorumtueri, & ea non abjicere.  

a Loc. Cit  Physicians, would fain make others believe, that they have the skill and art, to bestow health, and to prolong the thread of life in despite of Fate, and therefore fearing lest the reproach of Medice cura te ipsum should be cast in their teeth, there is a kind of necessity they should maintain themselves in perfect sanity, and a robust agedness, to which purpose, I do verily believe, they are induced to nourish great beards, which in outward appearance makes them seem much older than they indeed are. Or else the knowledge of their Art, requiring a long and laborious study, they by a long beard would fain be thought more ancient, and by consequence more experienced in their Art, than otherwise would appear.  
Physic if we well believe Fieinius 
a Aler. Ti.  had its Original from South sayers. Medicina omnis exordium à vaticiniis habuit, Amongst which number the Sorcerers and Necromancers are included. All which kind of people ever used very great beards: Nay Aristotle says, that some Prophetesses of Caria had such beards. So that it is no wonder if Physicians, following the examples of those, that gave the first precepts to their Art, are so curious of having great beards.  
Physic is called the Sister of Philosophy, Medicina says Isidorus 
b Isid.  Secunda Phylosophia Dicitur; Philosophers get respect and a kind of veneration by their beards.  
Thus writes Pliny the younger 
a Lib. 1. Epist. 10.  Ad haec pro●eritas corporis docera facies, demissus, capillus, ingens & cana. Barba. Quae licet fortuita, & inania putentur, illi tamen plurimum venerationes acquirunt: Socrates was by Persius called 
b Sat. 4.  Bearded-master.  
Barbatum hoc crede Magistrum dicere. And therefore, Juven. 
c Sat. 14.   
Barbatus licet admove as mille inde magistros And Mart. 
d Lib. 7. Epist. 27.   

Democritus, Zenones, inexplicitosque Platonas',  
Quidquid, & hirsutes squalet imaginibus,  
Sic quasi Pytagorae loqueris successor, & haeres,  
Perpendet mento, nec tibi barba minor.   
So that Physicians imitating Philosophers do nourish great Beards.  

e Lib. 5. Cap. 67.  Amongst the Romans, according to the testimony of Pliny, the beard was a sign of sorrow or grief, Julius Cesar says Suetonius, 
f Sue. Lib. 2.  audita called Tituriana barbam capillumque summissit, 
a In bat. minor.  Octavius, Augustus did the same when he heard of the loss of his Legions, which followed the Commands of Varro. Cato likewise as Plutarch mentions hearing of the coming of Cesar against his Country, suffered his beard to grow long in sign of his grief and sorrow. And therefore Lucan thus sings of him.  


b In the 2. de Bel. Pun.  Ut primum tolli feralia, vederat arma.  
Intonsos rigidà in front discendere canos.  
Passus erat, mestamque genis incresere barbam.   
Therefore who knows, but that Physicians, willing to show themselves deeply interressed in their patient's sickness, and pain; do wear those long beards in token of sorrow,  
All those Physicians who for their great knowledge and skill, have deserved divine attributes were expressed so by long beards. The Grecians restored Esculapius his beard again, which Dionysius had robed him off, Apolin. barbatum colebant Hieropolitani, Mercurius, according to Lucan is called Labro, malisque barbatus, with great reason therefore Physicians do the same, imitating the best Masters of their science.  
The beard signifies, or betokens, (nay adds) confidence and courage, So thinks Elian 
a Hist. An. Lib. 7.  Hircus gregem, & ipsas capras antegreditur, barbae fiducia. No wonder therefore that they are so much worn by Physicians, who are every hour forced to combat and struggle with desperate Diseases, nay with death itself.   

IX. That Woman is more faithful to Man; then Man to Woman.  
Women are without doubt, more faithful to Men, than Men to Women, because there are greater rewards attending her fidelity, and greater punishments following her infidelity then to Mans. If a man be constant and faithful to a Woman, most Nations and people in the world, will but suspect, or judge him to want wit, or worth enough to obtain another M stris. If he be faithless few nations have any Law to chastise him. But on the contrary, a constant, faithful woman is admired, esteemed and reverenced highly, but if light she is vilified, censured and put down in the lift of infamous persons by every one.  

What virtue, or what worth can there be left.  
In Woman, that's of Chastity bereft.   
Says Ariosto. 
a Orl. Furioso.  and Petrarch 
b Sonnet 212.   

And she who of her honour is deprived.  
No Woman is, Nor living, &c   
The Woman is oft necessitated, to be faithful, Guarini says 
c Pastor Iside.   

Faith in a Woman's heart  
Is loves sad penance to be pleased with one   
Whereas man, having no such necessary obligation, is without doubtless careful of keeping his faith towards a Woman.  
There is more means and strength required to subdue a Woman's faith; than a Mans. If a Woman do but prostitute, or proffer herself to a Man, he presently yields and is overcome; whereas a Woman cannot be tempted without prayers, persuasions, or rich presents. Hear what Ariost. says 
a Orl. Furcoso. Canto. 28.   
Inconstant Men.  

Who still to take an unknown piece had rather,  
Although their own were better far to choose.  
But if themselves were wooed, I surely gather.  
Such courtesies they never would refuse.  
But rather strain: themselves beyond their might,  
Such kindness, with more kindness to requite.   
Whereas to obtain a woman.  

In humble sort they sue, they seek, they serve,  
They like, they Love, they honour, they obey,  
They wait, they watch, their favours to deserve. 
(b) Canto. 10. 5.   
Some oft complain, and some as often pray.  
For love of Women, they do pine and starve.  
And sadly mourn.   
Again, Women Love more ardently than Men; therefore they must be more faithful. Thus Honnius, Omnis mulier amat magis viro. Forasmuch as men ordinarily love only for their own ends, which being obtained, causes either repentance, or satiety, so says, Ariosto.  


a Orlando.  For Men, their loved Ladies wills to gain,  
Do promise, vow and swear without regard.  
But when they once the wished ends obtain,  
Break vows and oaths, and promise afterwards.   
And in another place,  

But when at last their wished prey is taken,  
Men seek new game, the old is quite forsaken.   
Wherefore he advises Women,  

But least on youths you should your Love bestow,  
That never in one fancy tarry long.  
But having got what erst they sought before,  
They turn themselves unto another shore.   
Women are said to be better than Men, and they glory in it, and therefore they must be more faithful. Vobis (says the Chorus of Women in Aristophanes) Sumus multo meliores experimentumque ad est, ut videatur. And a little further: Ita nos multo meliores. viris. gloriamur esse. Therefore Plato was constrained to assert this truth, saying, Mulieres multae multis viris ad multa praestantiores.  
Let us come to examples, which will best clear this doubt. What Man have ventured or lost their lives to save or preserve their Faith to their Ladies? Our very Romancers cannot feign such a fable without a blush, or if there be any one produced, it is only some imaginary Hero.  
Whereas whole Nations of Women, do sacrifice themselves at the death of their Husbands, and bury themselves voluntarily with them, or expose themselves to the merciless flames, where they make up one heap of Ashes with their beloved Spouse; yea, how many Lucretia's, Brasilia's, Pompeia, Paulina's, Camnas, etc. have rather suffered voluntary deaths than live after their husbands, or break their holy Faiths and Vows.  
For which reason it should seem, the Ancients represented Faith under a Woman's name, to demonstrate that only Women could be faithful.  
Wherefore the Jonians, according to the testimony of Alex. ab Alex. would have the purest and perfectest victim to be female.  
In fine, they that think women are not so faithful to Men, as Men to Women let them once more hear what Ariosto. sings.  


a Orland●,  Tell me a little if any one of you,  
That married are have not awry yet stepped?  
And with some other Woman have not slept?  
Nay what is more, they woe, they seek, they sue,  
They tempt, they try, those that be safest kept  
Yet women seek not after Men.   
I shall therefore conclude with Dr. Speranzi, who in his Poems speaks thus,  

Thou dost believe a man, and knowst not he  
Hath neither Faith, nor Love, nor Constancy:  
But thou art blind with Love, simple (though fair)  
And canst not think how treacherous all men are,  
False thou wilt find him, when th'u'rt better skilled,  
Thy heart and breast with pain and sorrow filled.  
She, she that to men's flatteries gives belief,  
Ruins herself, and dies without relief.   
This plea, I must confess, I have made rather in obedience to the Laws of Civility than of Conscience, If I have not performed it sufficiently, that cannot be esteemed a crime, or make me deserve their hate, since he acquits himself fully that performs what he is able, and is not defective to his power in serving them.   

X. Whether blushing be a sign of Virtue.  
THose that believes that blushing is a sign of Virtues, ought only know how to Blush. But I who have by experience found the prejudice of blushing, can affirm with reason, that it is rather an argument of vice, than of virtue, An accident that flows from many unhandsome causes and imperfections, cannot be a sign of merit, since no man can be thought praise worthy for what he does accidently, and therefore what esteem can he deserve for that, which is not his but accidently.  
They that blush do fear. So Arist. will have it. 
a In 4. Politi.  Rubescunt qui timore officiuntur. He that fears is pusillanimous and base.  

a In his Eneids.  Degeneres animos timor arguit.  
Sings Virg. Therefore who can affirm, that fear the Offspring and Issue of baseness, can be a testimony of virtue.  
Blushing be tokens shame for our errors. Rubescunt says Alex. ab Alex. qui pudent. He that is ashamed hath erred, and shall we then believe, that, to be a good effect, which proceeds from so bad a cause? That the Plants of Virtue should spring from roots of Vice?  
They that have such flames in their faces, must needs have a fire in their bosoms; and who can affirm, that soul is not black, that is ever exposed to so much heat? or that heart not suffocated, which is buried amidst so many Coals & Cinders?  
Blushing is a reproof for some guilt, as if the blood were sent from the heart into the face, to correct or restrain, the errors of the hand, or tongue.  
He that blushes cannot merit, because that act is violent, not voluntary; and even, as we cannot sin without the assent of the will, so neither can one merit without the consent of the Soul, or mind.  
Blushing is an affect of the Ambition of the heart, which perhaps would express its sentiments beyond the volibility of the tongue, but wanting the power of speech, imprints those Characters on the Cheeks to be the better understood.  
The accidental signs and appearances, in the face of Heaven, can be token nothing but malignant effects. 〈◊〉 do ever presage some evils. The face of man is the Heaven of tha● Microcosm, being marked therefore with those signs of blushes, it cannot betoken any Virtue.  
Blushing is nothing else, but a concourse of blood. Rubor says, Simplicius 
a In Prae.  fit cum sanguis recurrit à corde ad faciem, Wrath, Ambition, Lust, and a thousand other vices are occasioned by the concourse of blood, and therefore cannot deserve praise, or signify virtue.  
Blushing is an imperfection, and therefore Women, who are more imperfect and more inclined to commit errors than men, are more subject to blush.  
Lovers wax pale, because knowing that blushing betokens no virtue or goodness, it cannot help them to attain the affections or esteem of their beloved, and indeed, who would not suspect that heart of cruelty, that wears those bloody Colours on the Face.  
Wiser in this, than any other thing, are many Women who to conceal this sign of shame, paint themselves to hide their blushing that so the most curious eye may not be able to find them guilty of the least crime, or error.  
Wherefore do you think, wise nature ordains men, old men especially, to become bloodless, pale and wan, and their faces to be covered with overgrowing hair, but only to hinder, or hide their blushing; it being convenient only for Women and Children, as most subject to failings, and guilty errors.  
I have chosen to speak this whilst every one was drowsy, that I might not be seen to Blush. And I have blamed it, that I might not be thought to praise myself, being so subject to this imbecility.  
And I would have said more, did I not fear, I should be forced to blush at my Prolixity.   

XI. Whether one can Kiss, their beloved without Lasciviousness or Sensuality.  
SOme verily esteem Kissing, to be a thing of small moment,  Rem ajunt esse oscula inanem. 
Says Theoc.  

a Plut.  And this is so approved by Pi●istratus, a Tyrant of Athens; a man otherwise odious for his enormous cruelty, who being instigated by his wife, to chastise a youth, that had Kissed her daughter openly in the street, he smiling said, what wouldst thou have done to thy enemies, since thou desirest I should punish him, who by kissing thy daughter shows he is her friend? Guarini, likewise makes but small reckoning of it, since he writes.  


a Madri. 75.  One Kiss for so much pain and trouble? Cruel,  
One Kiss for so much Faith? (my hearts dear Jewel)  
The great reward you vowed and promised me,  
Cannot with empty Kisses paid be.   
But that one can Kiss the beloved person, without Lasciviousness or Sensuality, I believe it an impossible supposition, and a conceit of such an imagination, as knows, or has no other ground of truth, than in their souls, that know not the power of Kisses.  
'tis true that a Kiss, as Plato says, is a conjunction of the Soul, more than the Lips, transmitting sweet and lively spirits into either's heart.  

Dum semibulco suavio,  
Meum puellum suavior  
Dulcemque florem spiritus▪  
Duco ex aperto tramite;  
Anima tune aegra, & saucia  
Cucurrit ad labiae mihi, etc.   
Now this Conjunction withal, being made with these humane and corporial organs, it is impossible, but they must impart some Lascivious sensuality thereby, and affect the senses with it.  
Which Plato also affirms, saying, that love is begotten by some certain invisible spirits, which subtly are transmitted from the beloved Eyes, into the Lover's heart.  

Qui videtis peccat; qui non te viderit ergo  
Non cupiet: facti crimina lumen habit.   
If therefore it be true, that the Eyes by virtue of their looks only, have so much power to inchant a soul, what cannot the Lips do, which are so full of those Amorous Philters, and can so easily call forth the Soul unto them?  

There's none shall either Hands or Lips control,  
I'll Kiss thee through, I'll Kiss thy very Soul.   
Quid enim aliud faciunt, says Favorinus 
a Propert. Eleg. 21. Lib. ●.  qui ora mutus tangunt, quam animas conjungunt! and Rufinus the Poet 
b S●rm. 63.  
(c) In his Greek Epig. Lib. 7.   

Tangit autem non in summis laboris sed trahens,  
Os animam etiam ex unguibus extrahit:   
A Kiss violated Claudius Caesar to the incestuous match with Agrippina 
a Sueton, in his C●st.   
Kisses are Lovers rewards, to which they aspire with Myriad of Prayers and sighs, and services.  
And therefore if Kissing were without sensuality, Lovers would never show so much greedy desire and avidity for them, nor would the beloved be so niggardly and sparing of them.  
Petrarch, who understood, perhaps more than any other, what were the effects of Love, speaking of his Laura's Kisses says.  A Kiss it is, makes every one rejoice. 
Now if the sight, or beholding others only Kiss, have power to stir up our affections, how shall that person contain himself that Kisses actually. Socrates says, that seeing others Kiss, and hearing the smacks of those united Lips, is able to move, and tempt the coldest heart. An nescis hoc viro says one, Nec quidem tangens si modo spectetur infigat etiam Longo ex int●rvallo aliquid ejusmodi, quod insanire faciat!  

a Hor. Lib. 1. Ode● 13.  Horace, in an Ode, will needs have it thought, that Venus sweetens her Kisses with Nectar.  

Dulcia barbare.  
Laedentem oscula, quae Venus,  
Quinta parta sui Nectoeris imbuit.   
And Lucan affirms; Ganymedes osculationem nectare sibi esse dulciorem. Now who can Kiss them without temptation, or without sensuality, relish such heavenly sweetness? Hear Myrtillo discoursing of his Ladies Kisses.  


b Pastor Fide.  O my Ergast that I could tell the pleasure,  
Of those sweet Kisses. But do thou hence guests it,  
Those Lips that tasted it cannot express it.  
Extract then all the sweetness that remains,  
In Hybla-comes, in Cyprian, Sugarcanes,  
It will be nothing to that world of blisses.  
I sucked from hence.   
So a modern Poet, being by his Mistress conjured, he should not declare that she had vouchsafed him a Kiss, replies  

There is no fear, or danger I should tell,  
This Joy, which is to me unspeakable.   
Some Nations deprive that Woman of her dowry, yea proclaim her an Adulteress, that is, convicted of bestowing, or receiving a Kiss from any stranger. This is therefore an argument, that none can give a Kiss without Lasciviousness or sensuality.  
Amongst Lovers, the question is propounded, whether he that gives, or receives a Kiss, from the beloved is most favoured? The generality conclude, 'tis better to receive then give one, because they think it impossible that a Mistress can Kiss, without she have an extraordinary affection and sensuality.  
Briefly Kisses are the greatest incentives to Love. Nihil est, says Socrates, A● amorem incendendum acrius os●ulo.  Oscula si dederis fiam manifestus amator. 
We read in Cicero. That who ever will keep himself chaste, must above all things avoid Kissing. Of the same mind is Socrates. Quamobrem ait equidem abstineudum esse a formosorum osculis illi, qui pudice, ut vivere possit, expetit, because 'tis not possible to Kiss without Lasciviousness or Sensuality.  Inest etiam inanibus osculis suavis Voluptas. 
Says Theoc. I conclude therefore with Austin, that, Osculari, nihil sit aliud quam adulterari.   

XII. Wherefore it is said, that Achilles Sphere, did both wound and heal.  
IT might be said that Achilles' sphere (or lance) did both wound and heal: because being managed by his strong Arm, it did at the same time both wound and kill. And who knows not that death, is the cure of all things. Our humanity is circumscribed with such infelicities, that death alone can put an end to our troubles; and begin our real happiness.  
a In Prometh. vers. 727.  Mors est malorum liberatrix. 
'tis observable that two Deities employed themselves, for the making of Achille●'s Lance. Minerva fitted the stock, and Vulcan the head or spear. Minerva is the Hieroglyphic of Peace to whom the Olive is therefore dedicated. Vulcan may be taken to signify War, since he provides weapons for all the other gods, and arms the very hands of Jove with Thunderbolts. Therefore 'tis not unlikely that the Ancients by Achilles' Lance did signify both War and Peace, War which wounds men in their Estates; Peace, &c, which heals all the breaches and disorders caused by War.  
Achilles was a Physician being taught that art by Chiron, who gave the name to Chirurgery. Therefore who kn●w but he having learned by his study of Physic & Chirurgery the art to Cure the wound, by dresing the Weapon (a thing ordinarily practised in our days, though not without some superstition) from thence this spear might be thought, both to wound and heal; or it might be from this consideration, that Chirurgery must hurt before it can heal.  

a Liber. 6. cap. 4.  Achilles was adored by the Spear-men, or Lanciers, as Alex. ab Alex. asserts. In Epirus, as Plutarch says, 
b In Pyrro,  In Pontus according to Pliny 
c Lib. 10. cap. 29.  In Arcadia. 
d De Rep. Atti. Lib. 3.  by Pausanias' testimony.  
In fine, his name was venerated in two and twenty Temples, where they burned incense and offered victim to his Fame and Glory. His Lance also merited attributes of Divinity. Primos 
e Lib. 6. Rep. 26.  says Alex. ab Alex. Qui antiquissimi ●uerunt Hastos coluere caepisse, and therefore it might be, that the Ancients, to make us understand, that the Chastizements of the gods were the means to correct and make us good, said, that Achilles' Lance did both wound and heal. 'tis beyond the reach of doubt, that there is no surer or more infallible remedy to heal the sickness and disease of the Soul, than the wholesome Physic of affections, when the hand of God applies, the wounding Corrosive, which he after heals with balms of Mercy and Peace.  
It was a custom amongst the Ancients 
a Pe. Valer. lib. 42.  to ingarlondize and crown their Lances, who knows therefore, but Achilles adorned his, and that perhaps with some herb which he knew by his experience, to be most effectual to heal wounds, from whence this saying might have its Original, and the people afterwards seeing the Iron which wounded, and the herb that healed, might therefore say, it did both wound and heal. Here what Apuleus says of this herb 
b In Hist. de Herb. Vert.  Hanc herbam Achilles invenit, unde vulnere ferre facta sanat, & ob id Achilleos vocatur: Therefore Claudian perhaps conformable to my opinion.  


c Claudianus.  San●s Achilleis, remeavit Thelephus herbis  
Cujus pertuler at viris, & sensit in imo.  
Lethalem, placidamque manum. medicina per bassam,  
Contigit, & populit quos fecerat ipse dolores.   
But to what purpose do I heap up so many fancies, and imaginations of my own? since the ascersion, that Achilles' Lance, did both wound and heal, is no Poetical fiction, or curiosity of the Ancients; but an Historical truth authenticated by the Arcany of nature. You may read in Higinius 
a Higinius.  and Chain, 
b De Var. Hist. Lib. 12.  how the King of Missia, being wounded by Achilles, and the wound proving incurable, he addressed himself to the Oracle: Where answer was returned, that to cure his wound, he must make use of the same Weapon that hurt him. Telephus goes to the Graecian Camp, and there being joyfully received, because the Oracle had foretold, that without the assistance of Telephus, Troy could not be taken, he was healed by Achilles, who scraping the rust of the head of the Lance, and applying it to the wound cured him, and therefore thus in Ovid.  


c Lib. 13. Metham.  Ego Telephom Hasta  
Pugnantem domui; vinctum, orantemque refeci.   
Wherefore Pliny affirms 
d Mat. History.  rust to ●e a remedy for wounds, figuring Achilles in the posture of scraping the rust from his Spear, and from hence therefore comes the saying that Achilles' Spear did both wound and heal. Nor shall we need to doube this, since besides the forecited, there are many other Authors which affirm it.  
Hear Ovid,  


a De Rom. Amor. lib. 1.  Vulnus Achilleo quod quondam 〈◊〉 host  
Vulneris auxiliur Polios hasta tulit.   
And else where,  


b Trest. lib. 2. Eleg. 1.  Forsitan, ut quondam Leuthran●ia regnatenenti,  
Sic mihi res ●adem vulnus opemque feret.   
And in a third place,  


c Lib. 5. El. 27.  Telephus ●terna, consumptus tabe perisset.  
Si non qu● nocuit, dextra tulisset open.   
And propertius,  


d Lib. 2. Eleg. 1.  Myrus & Hemonia juvenis qua cuspide vulnus,  
Senserat, hac ipsa cuspede sensit opem.   

a Lib. 19 cap. 10.  And Caelius Rhodiginus. A●re cuspide sive etiam serrea Telephum, sanasse Achilles perhibetur. Unde natum Adagium. Quodque vulnus intulit, ille diem persanabit. And Lucian 
b Lucianus in negrim.  Ergo Telephi illud necesse erit facere; ut ad cum à quo vulnerati sumus, redeamus, & ab illo medicinam petamus. Et Phil. Beroldus 
c Prop 2.  Notum est quemadmodum Telephus ab Achille vulneratus, ab Achille sanatus fuit eodem telo.  
The Germans 
d C. Tacitus 2. Annal.  according as Tacitus relates, by holding their Lances at too great a length, which made them mis● their strokes, were overcome by the Romans, and were so many Trophies of their Victory. I fear the same fate, having held so long a Discourse of the Lance, and been so wide from the mark, that who ●ver shall o● pose me, or discourse on the same subject, will overcome my weak argument, and subdue me by their more potent Eloquence.   

XIII. Wherefore Old people sleep ordinarily less than young ones.  
NO doubt but in all appearance, sleep seems to be more proper to old folks, than to young. The nature of ancient people is to be cold. Thus Aristotle will have it. 
a 5. de Goe Anim.  Senectus fregida est, and commonly those Animals sleep most, that are of the coldest constitution. Dormiunt diutius, says Albertus 
b De Son. et. Vig. li. 2.  Animalia illa, quae sunt frigida, and therefore is sleep more likely to be proper for old people, then young; yet experience teaches us the Contrary, and so says Aristotle (e) Senes vigiles sunt. Whereupon Corn: Gall. Sings 
d Cor. Gall.  
(c) Ser. 3. Pro. 33.   

Ipsa etiam cunctis gratissima somnus,  
Avolat & sera viae mihi nocte redit:  
Cogor per mediam turbatus surgere Nocte  
Multaque ne patiar, deteriora pati.   
I believe the reasons may be many, ●herefore the old ones sleep less than young people.  
Sleep, though it come of cold, yet hath its Original from heat, the vapours conveyed through the Veins to the head, are cooled by the Frigidity of the Brain. Somnus, says Aristotle 
a Loc. Cit  est infrigidatio, & si causa sint calidae, quia vaporis per Venas ad caput elevati infrigidentur in capite. Wherefore the more Vapours are sent to the Brain, the more are they incited to sleep.  
Now who doubts but young people are filled with more Vapours than old, and therefore sleep more. Therefore Aristotle 
b Loc. Cit  Dormuint, say he, vehementur pu●ri, quia nutrimentum sursum serter omne.  
The food of ancient people, besides that it is ordinarily much less in quantity, than what young ones cat, turns most to Excrements and does not generate those superabundant spirits it produces in the young, which ascending to the brain, occasion muth sleep. Therefore Aristole 
c Loc. Cit  Senies excrementis abundant, & vigiles sunt.  
Old Folks by reason of their weakness, and frigidity, are less able to concoct their nourishment, than young ones. Senes, says therefore Aristotle, 
a Loc. Cit  quia frigidiores sunt & debiliores, & ad concoquendum imeptiores longi temporis spaciam reddidit. Whence any one may gather that so much the less are they invaded by sleep, by how much the less they digest their food, food being the primary and most natural cause of sleep. Dormire says the same Aristotle 
b 1. de Pl.  contingit animal, qui●, dum aliter ascendit vapor ab alimento ad caput & ubi absumptus suerit, quia ad cerebrum ascenderat vapour, redit Vigilia.  
Age is an incurable infirmity, accompanied with Myriad of thoughts and thousands of unhappy accidents. Hear Boetius.  


c Lib. 1. de Cons. Phylos.  Venit enim properata malis inopina senectus,  
Et Dolor aetatemjussit inesse suam.   
And Sophocles 
d In Ed.   
Infirma difficilis  
Senectus, amicis invisa, cui universa,  
Mala super mala cohabitant.  
It is no wonder then, if ancient people oppressed with the load of so much evil, sleepless than young ones.  
Anciant people as Aristotle affirms 
a In Rh●t.  are timorous, standing ever in fear of being betrayed. Wherefore Cor. Gallus sings 
b Corn. Gall.   

Stat dubius tremulusque senex, semperque malorum,  
Cred●lus, & stultus, quae facit ipse timet.   
Which may be a great reason why they sleep less than young folks, there being nothing more an enemy to sleep than fear,  
c Orl. Fur.  Fear which all sleep does chase away. 
Sings the Prince of Romancers, and Marina in his Ariana 
d Idil. Fa.   Soon does our fear drive all sweet sleep away. 
There is nothing that old people fear so much as death: They know by their wrinkles and grey hairs, the ruins of age and the footsteps of death, that the time of horror and darkness approaches, which makes them desire to sleep the less, because sleep is the Image or brother of that death, they so much dread. Therefore Plato, 
a De Leg. Dia. 7.  Dormiens nemo ullius pretii est multo magis, quam qui non vivit, and Cicero 
b De Offi. 12.  Nihil morti tam simili, quam somnus.  
The nearer things approach to their Centre, the more forcibly do they move▪ The stone the nigher it comes to the earth with the more haste does it press downwards in its fall. Sleep is nothing but an idleness or rest of the soul, if we believe Aristotle 
c 1 Eth. c. 13.  Somnus, says he, est otium animae. Now the Soul without doubt will be less idle, at the time of its approach near its Centre. The Soul of an aged person is certainly nearer its centre, than young ones, and by consequence less idle. Hence it proceeds that Ancient people sleep less than youthful ones.   

XIV. Whether Gifts or Stealths do most felicitate Lovers.  
THat the felicity of Lovers consists in receiving Gifts, or obtaining by stealth's the fruits and enjoyment of Love. I think none will deny. Illustrious Prince, virtuous and noble Academians. Because the desires of Lovers being fixed, as in their Sphere, in the possession of the beloved object, they are equally satisfied either by Gifts or stealths, the one betokening a free Principality, the other an amorous Tyranny; Stealths and Gifts fl●ttering our complaisance, do truly recreate our Eyes with Beauty, rejoice our hearts through hope, and comfort our souls with the pleasing remembrance of our future delights. But whether these stealths or gifts should bring most felicity towards a Lovers full content, I know not Illustrious Princes, amidst the uncertain opinions of these Gentlemen, what valuable decision to make.  
Those things being most grateful, which depend most upon the will of the beloved object, makes me decide the Question in favour of gifts; yet this Consideration suspends the sentence, because those things do most delight our Genius, which are gained with most toil and sweat.  
As those delights are but ordinary, which are offered to us with a Prodigal hand, so on the other side those favours, cannot be so hugely pleasing, that must be procured by the danger of stealth.  
The sadness makes gifts the more welcome, and the impatience of our desires sweetens stealths.  
Those ordinarily receive gifts only that have great merits, and stealths are not gained but by daring souls.  
That which is given may be thought to be but common to others, so likewise every common Lover may ravish.  
They that suffer themselves to be robbed, are not thought to be very wise or circumspect. They that proffer themselves cannot avoid the suspicion of being dishonest.  
Such as grant ere they are requested, undervalue themselves, those that force their Lovers to steal, are too haughty.  
There is nothing so sweet, as what we steal or gather ourselves, yet those fruits are grately which a fair hand bestows.  
Love is feigned to be a Child, to teach us that gifts best please him: but he is likewise blind to show that he will give us leave to steal.  
But this is the truth, however, O virtuous assembly, than such a Lover is more happy that ravishes, that he that receives the fruits of Love as a gift. He is more noble, more deserving, more happy, without doubt that loves, than he that is beloved: Aristotle, affirm it, because he obliges the party beloved, etc. Cognosci enim says Aristotle, 
a In his Mor. Chap. 9  & amari etiam in carentibus anima existit ut cognoscere, & amare rebus animatis. But who doubts, but he loves much more, who through an amorous impatience ravishes, than he that waits to have the favours of his Love bestowed upon him?  
He that steals must necessarily love, he that hath it bestowed is beloved; wherefore it is but reason we should sacrifice this affirmation to truth, that he that steal●s is happier, than he that obtains by consent.  
He either loves not or cannot love, that expects and waits for the favours of Ladies who affect a kind of violence even in voluntary and delightful actions. Love is a spirit of impatience. I believe he has wings to teach Lovers what celerity is required, to fly to their stealths. Himself is composed of stealth. Guarini decides it in my favour? 
a In his Medris.   

Do, be a Thief still, Love I pardon thee,  
Stolen things are sweeter far than gifts can be.   
There is nothing so contrary to Love a● Modesty. He that cannot attempt his own happiness, loses, and turns the favours of fortune into enmity. Hear the same Guarini 
b Pastor Fid. Act. 2. Sc. 1.   

O modesty the Rock and Remora!  
Which ever lies in a true Lover's way!   
And Tasco in his Amint●. 
c Act. 2. Sce. 2.   Despised a respectful Lover is. 
To wait for the gifts and favours of Lovers, is an effect of fear and modesty, to make a rape is an Act of animosity, and courage, so that by how much this is better than that in a Lover, so much more happy is the Lover that steals, than he that receives the gifts of Love.  
But let your Clemency excuse me, if my too much confidence have abused the excess of your goodness, which with so favourable a silence has suffered and honoured my imperfections. Treating of stealths. I could not choose, but rob you of some favours.   

XV. Wherefore Pythagoras prohibited the use of Beanes.  
With much prudence the learned Pythagoras left this written in his Symbols, A Fabis abstineto. Wherefore some certain Priests in Rome thought it a great excess either to touch or name a Bean. 
a In his 2. de ●el. Puni.  Fabam tangere, aut nominare, says Alex ab Alex. Diali flamini non licet. And Pausanias speaks of some people of Arcadia, who Fabbam immundam, & impurum existimarunt 
b Hist. An. lib. 7.   
The Reasons may be many: First, because the Bean is a gross food, humid, noxius, which causes evil dreams. This Antiochus does affirm 
c In Dieb. Gen.  Fabas malum succum far in somnia surbulenta facere, emaque ob rem Pytagoram Fabis abstinuisse, and Volateron. A Pytagora quoque prob●etur, quod haec maximè ua●ra inflet ae sensus habetat 
d De Reb. Attic.   
Moreover Pythagoras seeing that beans were made use of in the choosing of Magistrates, the Athenians being the first, as Lu●ian affirms, that made use of them, thereby to advertise men that they should avoid ambition by a Metaphor, conmanded them to abstain from Beans. This is plutarchs opinion.  

e In Emb▪ Alciat.  Nothing more resembles the Genitals of a man then Beans. Si viridem fabam, says Lu●ian 
e De Educat. liber.  folliculo exuas apparere vi●ilibus Genitalibus similem, so that some 
(f) Minoe Loc. Cit  will have it, that those being macerated, and set in the Sun for some time; Seminis humani odorem contrabat. Therefore who doubts but Pythagoras would hereby warn us to fly from the tempting pleasures of Venery? The same Pythagoras having to one that asked him: Quo tempore veneri opera dando esset? Replied, cum te ipso fieri debiliorem & imbecilliorem voles.  
The Ancients from a Bean prognosticated felicities, a superstition haereditary to many simple ones. Plutarch affirms 
a Plant. in Pericl.  and Alex- ab Alex. tells us, that white Beans denoted happy things, who knows therefore but Pythagoras, by prohibiting of Beans, means to exhort us to abstain from prosperity, which cannot but accelerate our ruin? 
b Plut Apot.  Philip of Macedon receiving three several Messages of happy tidings in one day, implored the Gods to mingle it with some little sinister accident. Thus therefore Tasso speaks of those, that had fortune favourable 
c In his Jerus.  The Bean makes plants to become barren, and Hens likewise therefore perhaps, for this reason, as being Noxius to humane generation they were prohibited by the Pythagorea●s, an opinion of Apollonius 
a Apoll. Hist. Mirab.  Putamini says he, Fabarum steriles plantus efficere si radicibus earum apponatur, & Gallinas si enebro eas edant. Hanc ob causam fortassi Pytagorei fabae usu interdixerunt.  
And who knows but Pythagoras, by that understanding which led him to the knowledge of future things did hereby Prognosticate to the Romans the ruin of the Fabius, who fell by the arms of the Vejentines? Wherefore Ovid 
b 2. Tast.   

Haec fuit illae dies in qua vejentibus armis,  
Ter centum Faby ter cecidere duo;  
una domus vires, & onus susoeperat urbis  
Sumunt Gentilis arma professa manus.   
And for this cause exhorted them to abstain, and not hazard themselves all to the death, and since, either by times or in advertency of the transcribers, instead of Fabis, they have put Fabis. 
c Pli. Hist. Nat. lib. 18.  Beans if we believe Pliny were used at the sacrifices of the dead, a custom practised in our days also, and in the flowers of the Beans there appears sad and mournful characters. Wherefore it may be Pythagoras to keep men from the apprehension of sadness and troubles, which makes men unhappy, but the sooner persuaded them to abstain from Beans, and for this reason was the use of them forbidden to the Priests. So Varro thinks 
a Loc. Cit  Varro, and of haec Flaminem eam non vesci tradit, quoniam, & in florae ejus Literae Lugulres reperiantur.  
Perhaps it was Religion persuaded Pythagoras to prohibit the use of Beans, because he believed, that the souls of the dead, abided in the beans; and because the Ancients were ever particularly Religious towards beans. This is Pliny's sentiment. 
b Loc. Cit  Faba ab hoc Pytagorica sententia damnata, quoniam mortuorum animae sunt in ea, ut alii tradidere. In eadem peculiaris Religio.  
For my part, I should believe, that piercing Genius, who from antiquity deserved the attribute of divine, intended by somewhat that was very remote from the cognizance of those times to instruct posterity, and in particular those that should have the fortune, and virtune to interpret the hidden Mysteries of his Symbols. Whence I persuade, myself that he meant that men should abstain not from Fabis, but Facbis. That is, from doing ill things twice; since for the first time we may meet with all the favours of compassion, but at the repartition we deserve no less, than the severest castigation.   

XVI. In Dispraise of Women.  
Woman is the fairest and most amiable object in the world, the greatest and most precious gift God has bestowed upon humanity. Because by means of her, the spirit of man is raised to contemplation, and contemplation carries our desires to the knowledge of things divine, we may say with reason therefore, that woman was bestowed upon us, for an earnest, and an essay of the blessings of heaven, and for this perhaps the Flamens losing their wives were deprived of their sacred office, to demonstrate that the woman's perfection added merit to the sacrifices, and who does not see, for a woman, man forgets himself: nay becomes his own enemy, and if at any time, he fix his eyes upon a beauteous face, his body trembles, and at the same instant burns and freezes, and like those who unexpectedly beholds some divine object, is agitated, and moved with a celestial fury. Finally being recovered, and having recollected their spirits, again they reverence women in their thoughts, Love them with their souls, and acknowledging all that is due to a Deity, offer themselves upon the altar of a Lady's heart their victim and sacrifice.  
Consider therefore, in what trouble I am involved, since I must blame the noblest work of God, and the greatest Miracle on Earth.  
But here. I now am against women, who may justly glory in their fortune, that the meanest of all men is chosen to single out, and muster up their defects.  
Woman is an imperfect Animal, an error of nature, and a Monster of our species. If difformed she is a torment to the Eye, if beauteous, a plague to the heart. If beloved, she becomes a Tyrant, if hated, an inveterate enemy, she knows no mean, distinguishes with no reason, and knows not that Justice hath a being. In her thoughts, she is inconstant, in her desires inordinate, and implacable in her anger. Her Love proceeds from interest, her faith from necessity, and her Chastity from fear; If she speak, she lies, when she smiles, she deceives, and if she weep betrays. Her mouth is ordinarily filled with the honey of flattery; but her breast with the poison of envy, with her Eyes, she affascinates, with her arms inchaines, with Kisses stupifies, and with the other delights robs the intellect and reason, and transforms men into beasts. 
a Dira quidem vis est marinorum fluctum. Et vehemens fluvii ferventis, & impetus ignis est dira pa●pertas; & alia inumeras, sed nullum immanius est malum muliere. Neque, hujusmodi malum, aut scribi possit. Aut verbis exprimi.  In a word, the tempests of the Sea; the fury of a Torrent, the greediness of fire; the Miseries of poverty, and all other evils are small in Comparison of a woman, who is so great an evil, as cannot be expressed.  

a Eur, apud, Stob Serm. 7.  Homer introducing Agamemnon for speaker makes him say, that with all the power and liberty of Imagination, there cannot be conceived or found a more envious, and wicked thing than a women. 
b The saurus est malorum mala mulier, vide sententia Ignatii Alb. pag. 22  'tis the opinion likewise of Menander, who asserts the woman to be a compendium, a centre, and a treasury of all Evils, because where Women be, there wickedness abounds like the sands in the Sea.  
And therefore St. Jerome 
c Hieron. in Epist.  writes that to find a woman enriched with goodness, is as rare as a Phoenix.  
And the Lawgivers (d) to demonstrate, that 'tis not at all necessary, to have Laws for things, which rarely or never happen, bring for example, that there is no need of having any Laws for good women as being things, which in my opinion, are seen hardly in any age.  
Because goodness in a woman is a wonderful accident, and against nature, with reason therefore did Plato, 
e Plato de Leg.  doubt whether he should assign a place for women among beasts, or rational creatures, in 
(c) Ea. his F. de Leg.  regard of the imbecilli●ty, imperfection, and malice of their sex.  
The Poets representing Pallas for the Goddess of Wisdom, say she was born without a mother only of Jove's brain; to teach us, that wisdom never proceeds from women, who are totally deprived of Counsel and prudence.  
And wherefore Sirs, do the most enormous vices, and the greatest sins pass under feminine names, but because women are the Compendium, and centre of all that is most wicked, and execrable in the world, and therefore no wonder, if they have merited titles equal to their deserts from the most renowned authors. Horace calls then 
a Mulier si forte dolosa. Lib. 1. Serm.  deceitful; Apulcius 
b Quantas Latebras nequissime mulieres.  wicked; Catull, 
c Quantum praecique multivola est mulier.  variable; Plut, 
d Si quid sevendum est mulier mala atque malitiosae. In Mil.  naught and malicious; Sil. Ital. 
e Parrietibusque domus inbellis femina servet. Lib. 1.  Imbellis; 
f Callida sed. Medie veneris mihi vindices artem femina.  Ausonius cunning; 
g Prodigia non sentit pereuntem femina censum. Sat. 6.  Juvenal Prodigal; Euripede a grand Evil, 
i Faeminae omnes urimus Libidince Lisistrata apud Aristoph.  Aristophanes, Libidinous. 
(h) Nullum imanius est malum muliere apud stob. sat. 71   

a Iliad. Lib. 20. vers. 25.  Homer contentious, 
b Maledicta sunt arma muliebria lib. 4. Man. Commem:  Nicetas accursed, 
c Dux malorum faemina, & scelarum artifex.  Seneca the teachers and fomenters of all baseness.  
In a word,  


d Cicero apud Petron.  Femina nulla bona est, & si bona contigit ulla,  
Nescio quo satto mala facto bona est▪  

e Plaut. Aul. Act. 2. Sc. 1. v. 1. 19  Optum a nulla potest eligi, alia, alia, pejor est.   
Hear Ariosto, I beseech you, thus he praises the Woman,  


f Ariosto's Orlando.  Importunate, proud, and disrespectful,  
Without, or Love, or Faith, or any Counsel,  
Temerary, Cruel, Unjust, Ungrateful,  
Born to the World's Eternal plague most hateful.   
And now ●irs, I think I have performed my obligation. I hope the women will pardon me, if they have taken any offence at my words, (because I was bound to obey herein) speaking evil of a Sex, which 
g Sexus r. Sanctus est Ambros. Luc.  is holy and from whom I have received my being.  
But he hath said nothing, that has spoken ill; nor does the Sun lose any of its brightness, though it be cursed by the Ethiopians.   

XVII. What natural defect is the most Excusable.  
'tIs the Conclusion of the most wise, that excessive or over much sleep, is a Servile vice 
a Labour, & somnus disciplinis adversi sunt: Plato de Rep. Lib. 7.  an enemy to the most worthy discipline 
b Somnus enim multus nec corporibus nec animis, neque rebus pere●dis Nat. conduci. Plat. 7. de Legib.  prejudicial, as Plato asserts, both to body, soul and action.  
I nevertheless, who always have a sleepy, and drowsy spirit, do easily flatter myself with this persuasion, that amongst all natural defects it is the most excusable.  
That defect sirs, is most excusable, which is most natural, whilst nature operates in us; But what thing is more natural, than sleep, if we will believe Aristotle, which is a gift of God given us to restore strength, and refresh our wearied Limbs after hard labour.  
The Contemplation of death is one of the first Lessons, by which wise men undertake, and pretend to teach us to live well. Murder, Avarice, sensuality, and other such like kinds of Vices will hardly ever find a harbour on that soul, which is ever considering and beholding its own ruin, in the sud Looking-glass of death, and every moment in his thoughts builds its own Sepulchre. He that sleeps much associate and acquaints himself with death contemplates, and converses with him; sleeping is no other according to Cicero, than an Image of death or an interrupted death, and can we then blame those that sleep much? Dreams, if we believe 
a Reveluntur & honores & ingenia per quietem prestantus, at medela produntur & furta, conferunt, & thesauri de ani.  Tertullian, reveal honours, bestow sciences, teach sanctity, discover treasons, and tell us where hid treasures are. How then shall that Man not be worthy of encomiums who sleeps much.  
'tis the opinion of Aristotle, confirmed by the whole world's experience 
a Felice's dimidia parte vita amiseris nibil distare. Arist. Eth. cap. 13.  that there is no equality for half the time of our lives between Kings and Slaves, since sleep makes them all equal, and renders them a like so long as they are under its drowsy Empire. And shall we blame such a one, who sleeps much, thereby to enjoy the more that equality with the greatest, and most happy persons that are on Earth? Who though he be poor when awake, yet then thinks himself as rich as Croesus himself; and if miserable, yet thereby becomes equal to those whom the world styles the darlings of Fortune?  
He that watches, or is awake says 
b Vigilantibus vivium communem esse mundum, fopilos in suum quamque discedere. Plut. in Mor.  Heracli●us, enjoys only one world common to all other mortals. On the contrary he that sleeps and sleeps much, makes himself Master alone, and can behold and enjoy an infinite Number. The Heaven, Earth, Paradise and Hell itself becomes theatres to make shows of their wonders, and Marvels, to his thoughts, and shall we not therefore excuse him that sleeps much.  
The world is a valley of Miseries, and tears. The disordinate affections of humanity have made it become odious to the most understanding souls, and the most ingenious spirit. The Philosopher Heraclitus said, he found on every side continual subjects for his weeping. Wherefore then should we blame him that shall sleep much, since the more he sleeps, the more he flies from this miserable life, and removes himself the further from the infelioities of the world?  
And though it were a defect to sleep much, yet he might well deserve an excuse that were such a sleeper, since his very life pays for the usury of that pleasure, of sleeping, because its certain that every sleep, is so much time cut of from our life.  
And then what sin, what vice can be more excusable than that, which is committed sleeping?  
Sleep is a thing that's necessary, and good, because it proceeds from nature; and because 'tis the quieter and calmer of the senses. 
a Somno quies verum, placidissim● somni deorum. Pare animi, quam cura fugit, quo corpore ducis Fessa ministeriis mulces, reparasque labori. Ovid 11. metam.  It subdues the passions, refreshes weariness, cures our troubles, and nourishes life. Those therefore that sleep most, do most enjoy this good, and appropriate, and participate most of this utility, and can we then put their praise in doubt, who sleep much, since they enjoy so great a good, and benefit above all others?  
Fear 
b Virg. Semper. Vigil. Metus. Plun. de●super.  frights and chases away sleep, and therefore fearing lest I should trouble, and cloy you with too Prolix a Discourse. I shall cease and wave all further Discourse of sleep. If I have ill defended the many reasons for it. I hope you will bear with it, because treating of sleep, my senses became dull and drowrie.  
You perhaps mean to imitate the Ancient, 
c Convito morale del. Rossi.  who joined the graces to sleep, having heard me with so much patience and sweetness.  
Pardon me if I have discoursed too largely, because enjoying beyond deserts, so grateful an intention and silence I thought I had dreamt.   

XVIII. Wherefore great Men ordinarily do not favour virtuous Persons reduced to necessity.  
WE are necessitated to have the protection of great Men, because Jove ever has his thunderbolts in hand.  
And great Men do not succour the Miseries of the virtuous, because they cannot be persuaded, that a virtuous person can be reduced to Poverty. He only is poor that is ignorant. Virtue has dominion over all, nothing is placed so high, either by the hands of power, or fortune, which virtue cannot reach 
a Salut. in Cal.  Quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, virtute omnia Parent. He is sufficiently rich that desires nothing; poverty consisting not in the want of money, but in the poorness of the mind, and desires. He therefore that is virtuous cannot be poor, because he desires nothing; that saying of Cicero being indubitable: Vertus se ipsa contenta.  
Poverty is not believed to be with any virtuous person, and therefore not assisted by great men. Nor do they act without reason in this, because Poverty and Virtue are incompatible.  Ut vera dicat Pauperi non creditur. 
Says, Menander (b) and else where,  

Inest aegeno, quod fidem, non invenit,  
Licet Sapiens sit.   
Virtue which pays the tribute of Obsequiousness to none but its own self, is not subject to any necessity. It hath no need but of itself, because it enjoys all the things which is possesses, and desires not those things which it hath not.  
No new acquired thing can alter▪ its gusto, because it bends its desires only towards the contemplation of its own beauty. Quaeris quare virtus nullo egeat. Praesentibus gaudet, non concupiscit absentia: nihil illi magnum est, quia satis. Therefore 'tis with reason that great Men do 
(a) Stob Sermo. Ga.  not succour virtuous persons, when they are poor, because being such, they cannot believe them to be virtuous.  
Admire the wisdom of great Men, with reason do they believe themselves to be the Images of God on Earth. They do not relieve the virtuous, because if the virtuous were not poor, they would not be virtuous: Poverty being the school and teacher of all things, whereby the souls of Men, are instructed in all manner of virtue. Necessitas says Plutarch, omnia docuit, and Arcesila●s, paupertas est virtatis gymnasium, He that hath wealth is employed to keep and secure it, and all that time it Robs him from himself and virtue; Divites propter divitias magnis occupationibus detimetur. How many are hindered from study more by Riches than by Poverty, said one: Quod enim putas, propter abundantiam potius, quam in opiam prohibere à studio litterarum! Do you not sèe, added the same Man, that Poverty makes men virtuous, since only the poor, for the most part do become Philosophers. An non videas pauperrimos ut plurimum Philosophari.  
And who knows not that the rich obliged to their employments, which always respects their wealth, cannot dedicate and addict the powers of their souls to virtue? Whereas the poor having no other faculties but those of the soul, rest only upon those. Non vides, says the forecited Thaletes, (a) Quod multis nego●iis occupati divites studiis sapientiae vacare nequeant; pauper vero nihil habet, quot agat ad Philosophia se convertit.  
But whilst I discourse of Poverty. I bethought not myself how I displayed the Poverty of my own understanding. I implore your excuse, because treating of Poverty, which is a nothing, being a privation, I believed I said nothing, and he indeed hath said nothing, who hath spoken ill.   

XIX Which is most potent to beget affection.  

Either a fair Face Weeping?  
Or a fair one Singing?   

The Plea for Weeping.  
THat fair God, who for his being the most beneficial to the world, might above all others excuse the Idolatry of blind Gentilism becoming enamoured of a young Maiden, descended from the Throne of the Gods, to try whether that divinity, which had been able to obtain the adoration of the Universe, could gain an amorous affection in the heart of a Virgin. He pursued, implored, tempted; but she conspiring with nature, was transmuted into a Laurel, either to triumph over his power, or to show that the resolutions of women many times do not participiate of the instability of the female Sex.  
Miserable Apollo truly thou mightest rather have thought to have found, even amongst the Rocks, a heart that should have been mollified at thy requests, then amongst hearts, a stone that would not relent for all thy prayers. How much he was astonished, every one may guests. A certain Poet writes that immediately that God was seen to weep, who otherwhile was ever wont to sing: And who knows? Perhaps he would t●y, since his Cruel Daphne already as woman, did not accept his singing, whether as a Tree she would Love his tears, which he poured on her, from those two weeping Fountains of his Eyes.  
This Fable Illusterous Academs gives an occasion to doubt, whether singing or weeping, are the most potent instruments in a fair face to captivate a heart, and from hence arises matter of contention betwixt these two: The fair 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and the fair singer. Nor would the decision of their discord be so facile to end, had they not equally agreed to refer it to your sentence, in whom they are confident to find together, both the judgement of Paris and the integrity of Aristides.  
The tears vaunt to be the more powerful, as having even Apollo's decision already in their favour, since after he saw his dearest converted into a Tree, he laid aside his Music, and makes trial of his tears, as if he thought them even so potent, as to move the very trees therewith.  
Consider Sirs, that thee tears are the offspring of the Eyes, the pretty sisters of the sight, taught and instructed, in those Schools of animated brightness, where they profess no other Doctrine but to enamour. Let singing therefore yield its pretences, which proceeding from the Mouth, is as much inferior to weeping, both in power and efficacy, as the tears are superior in the sublimity of their birth and nobleness of their progenitors.  
Nature has consigned our tears to no others Custody but the heart, nor would she have their pomp and glory appear in any other place but in the Eyes, as if she esteemed them worthy to have those Kings of the Members for their Guardians, and the fairest part of the body to be the Throne of their Majesty: The Eyes were created to be the Miracles of beauty, and the tears to be the Miracles of the Eyes; and who is not astonished to behold them powering forth such floods of water from their Spheres, or Element of Fire? These in our sorrows serve us for funeral pomps and mournings, and in our joys they solemnize our excessive Contentments, Dearest tears, which in all occasions deserve to be the Ornaments of the Face, Perhaps 'twas for this reason, that a Philosopher fell so in Love with tears, that he spent all his time constantly in weeping; you will never find any man, Sirs, so in Love with singing as to judge it worthy of his continual and virtuous employment. Consider therefore the efficaey of tears, which even makes Philosophers enamoured with them.  
They that call them by the simple name of Pearls, do not fully express their dignity, and worth. Those are generated by the influence of the Sun, but at a far distance from the Sun; and these by the influence of two Suns, and within the very Sphere of those Suns themselves. Those are nourished in the water, and these in the midst of flames. Those are made fit by art to adorn the purity of a whiter neck, and these are reserved by nature to enrich the beauties of a Rosy cheek Then let us call them precious, and if they be soft they may inform us thus much, that if one of those being dissolved by Cleopatra, had power to force Mark Anthony to confess his heart was overcome, one of these liquified even by the hands of Nature herself, with greater power shall constrain us to acknowledge that our affections are vanquished.  
Love the great God of War, does still invent new and various Stratagems to conquer and subdue our hearts and Souls. Sometimes he attempts to overthrow us, only with the sounds of precious metals, sometimes erects his bridge upon the base of our most instable hopes; sometimes assaults us with the sweetness of an enchanting voice; and othertimes endeavours the Scalado upon the Cords of a well-tuned Instrument.  
But in fine, all these potent and flattering stratagems, are nothing if compared to a fair weeping face. Many times there are such, who being stored with principles and resolutions of chastity, will repel all those assaults and trials, though seconded and assisted with many tempting caresses and other provoking Artifices; but when he beseiges us with a sea of tears, there's no humanity can resist him, none but such as glory in their Inhumanity; and we may well believe he will expugn that obdure soul of its strongest fortress when he comes rolling and shouring in with such torrents of overflowing tears.  
Smith's do use to besprinkle their Coals with water, which being after blown upon, do burn with the greater ardour: And Love, being a smith's son, does often use his Father's policy: For when he is resolved to inflame a heart most, he first lets fall a soft shower of tears to moisten it, and after with deep sighs blows it into a most consuming flame.  
Even the Sun, to make his Beams become more hot and scorching, does seem to unite them together, and dart them through a Cloud, which is no other than rarified water, which being condensed, desolves and drops in tears from Heaven again.  
There is nothing which communicates more vigour and nourishment to plants than heat conjoined with moisture. If then it be true, what some have said, that Love is a plant, 〈◊〉 may truly believe that nothing else is a●le to advance its growth so much, as the Sunshines of two fair Eyes, mixed with the soft showers of their distilling tears.  
The Globes of those 〈◊〉 Suns, being environed with floods of tears, can be esteemed no other, than artificial 〈◊〉 which burn under the water, and are the more ardent by reason of the Antiperistasis.  
Excuse me, Sirs, if this conceit seem strange to you, that I should say, tears are the Milk, of the Eyes, and why must that be esteemed so unlikely, that those Eyes should flow with milk, which do so often bring forth Love? And if you do grant this Caprichio, give me leave to conclude, that there is nothing more proper to nourish affection than tears, since they are milk, and Love is still a Child.  
If any one should ask a Lover, they would return this answer, that the tears are no other, than the quintessence of the soul distilled through those Eyes, which pretend to teach us thereby, how liberal we should be of our Love to them, who do so prodigally waste their souls for us.  
Others have said, that tears are extracted from the purest blood in the heart, which may serve us for an argument, that if the blood of Caesar dead, had power to move the souls of the Romans to a Mutiny, much more will these living drops of the fair weepers Eyes, be able to stir up our Affections to Mutinies and Tumults. And if you say, that this might be tumultuous, because a Tyrants, remember that beauty likewise is no other, than a Tyrant.  
But to know, whether the power of tears be greater, than of singing, consider that these move by nature only, and singing all by Art.  
I know you will not deny, but that a spring, which casts forth pure and murmuring streams out of its Rocky bosom, naturally, does flatter and delight our senses more than those magnificent and stately Roman fountains, though those artificial structures have no stone in them, which is not worth a treasure.  
A pure and unsophisticated beauty, how much more it does charm and captivate our hearts, than such as are made handsome only by art; yourselves may judge, who have so often yielded to their commanding swetness. The Poets feigned Cupid always naked, to show us that a natural beauty naked of all false clothing artifice does soonést tempt, ensnare, and wound the soul, but if you reflect upon singing, you shall not find one note which is not artificial, nor hear one sigh but what is feign'd, sometimes it seems to languish in a whining passion, and tell sad tales, then straight turns into joyful strains again. Dissembling all its passions, & cunningly changing itself into an hundred several humours of mirth and sadness: and if it have any thing pleasing in it, it must be something only natural, and how can the soul possibly Love that singing, which glories in its bewitching fraud and vaunts that it obtains respect, and reverence only, by a sweet nothingness.  
To express the power of singing, says one, it is an enchantment; but sirs, if you will know, how much weeping prevails above it, remember that that Armida, who otherwhile triumphed over the Marrial Squadrons by power of her enchantments, was forced to make use of her tears, to add more Vigour to those very enchantments. So that the spirits and furies themselves are too weak to resist the charms of a beauteous weeper. Nor need we wonder at it, for theirs at most is but an infernal power, and the tears dropping from a handsome Face, are no less than the showers even of a clouded heaven.  
Musicians themselves confess that to add more vigour to their singing, they are necessitated to make use of frequent sighs, trembling, quavers, and soft languishing strains: and what else are these, but parts of sorrow, and weeping? These they make use of, because otherwise that music would seem to have no life, or spirit in it that could not humour its passion with a deep sadness and sighing affection.  
Consider therefore the power of weeping, from which even singing itself does borrow so much help.  
That Ambitious Musician gloried, that he had redeemed his dear Eurydice from Hell, by the powerful sweetness of his voice; But let me rather say, that if he did obtain her, because he sung so excellently well, perhaps he lost her so suddenly again, because he did not weep, sufficiently?  
And what can you imagine, the heaven's desires or expects from us, unless it be Love. When it so often pours down shours of tears: Pythagoras believed that the Spheres were ever making a sweet harmony; But I see that we often return thanks to heaven for its weeping, but never for its imaginary music.  
Poets have sometimes commended a beauty, hid under a mourning Cypress veil, as if the resplendent Beams of such a beauty, being concentred together, should through that obscurity, thus united, have the more power to make a speedy conquest over the Soul. Now observe, Sirs, that a weeping beauty, is a beauty clad in its morning weeds, which should merit our affections the sooner, because it seems to put on that sad habit, to perform the obsequies for your expired liberty.  
By the Law of Nature we should give credit to their affections, which can bring good witness that they Love. Now what are such tears else but testimonies of a heart, that Loves sincerely, which come to Nature's tribunal attending on the Soul, to demand a Reciprocal Correspondence.  
Aristotle says, that our tears are a kind of sweat, and if we justly merit wages for sweat and labour, who can deny the reward of Love to those fair Eyes, which perhaps sweat and pant, lying under the burden of an amorous affection.  
Tears have such efficacy to Enamour, that I believe, the offerings of Myrrh, and Incense are grateful and pleasing to the gods, for no other Reason, but because they are Tears, though shed by senseless trees. Those lighted Candles which often shine upon a sacred Altar, where we implore the grace of Heaven; if you but mark it, do never burn without letting fall some drops like tears, perhaps to teach fair Eyes, that if the tears, even of inanimate lights, have power to move the heavens, the drops of two such bright, and living torches, must needs have as much influence on Men.  
We do not ordinarily ascribe any other Epithets to music, than those of melody and sweetness. But when we treat of tears, we use to call them by a more Viril name, women's arms or Weapons. Now do you guests Sirs, whether they be not potent, since they have obtained even the name of Weapons. And I believe it was for no other reason that the gods blinded Cupid's Eyes; but only because if he could have added tears to the power, he hath already, there were no means left for any to resist his power and might.  
Our infant age does most require the Love and tender affection of others, by reason of our own insufficiency: And yet nature's Care, has provided us with nothing else, in that age, but only our tears.  
And are they so potent in our infancy, that even a child, though bound by Nature and reason to be under the Father's Tuition, and Jurisdiction. Yet weeping tenderly does seem to claim, and often over sways the parents will. Who will say then, that tears are not most powerful instruments, since they have so much strength though managed by a weak unskilful Child.  
Tears are the Language of the Soul, and passions, taught us by nature's self, that it might be the better understood by every one. Tears are the Souls Ambassadors, which being sent to declare the state of its own affections, does often lie in wait, and catch the liberty of others. They require no other Audience but our Eyes, knowing those requests are most potent, which pass through them into the heart. They express their Message without a Tongue, and are silent with wonderful efficacy. Consider then the power of those tears, which being dumb can yet persuade, so sweetly. Nature itself, seems in this contest to yield the palm of Victory to tears, since she has framed the Arches of the Eyebrows, over their Cisterns to declare that they are triumphant.  
Such are the Prerogatives of Tears, that they may be thought injured, when but compared to singing. Consider Sirs, that if at any time a disdainful passion, turns Giantlike a rebel against that Heaven of beauty, they opening their Flood gates can quickly drowned them in the precious Deluge. Or if at any time a stubborn soul resolve to be reconciled again to the offended Deity of Love, these Advocates present the humble Petitions, which never are rejected. If sometimes the thoughts reflect upon a wished for happiness, these officious associates, do straight way wait upon the grateful memory. If sometimes one do absent themselves from their dear Country, or from their dear beloved object, these alone are wont to be left behind. I know not if I should say, together as Companions with the soul, or as pledges for it. If sometimes the affection be Gasping, and dying; nay quite dead, in the breast of disdainful Lovers, nothing but these can bring it to life again, an extinguished affection being often raised into a flame again, by being only deplorated. Now what can be compared or paralleled with these tears, which have the power and virtue even to revive the dead?  
But Sirs, if you please briefly in one argument to comprehend the power of tears, consider that they have not been afraid to appear and fall, in this House of Music, and even contest with that music it 
The Academy being held that week in a Musician's House.  self for the Pre-eminence.    
FINIS.