A warlike Treatise OF THE PIKE.  
OR, Some experimental Resolves, for lessening the number, and disabling the use of the Pike in war.  
With the praise of the musket and half-pike As also the Testimony of BRANCATIO, concerning the disability of the Pike.  
Penned for the general good of our Nation, by a well wisher to the complete Musquetier.  Horat. 
— Quid enim concurritur horae  
Momento aut cita mori venit, aut victoria laeta.  
LONDON: Printed by Richard Hodgkinson in Little-britain. 1642.   

TO THE Right Honourable, ROBERT, Earl of Essex and Ewe, Viscount Hereford, Lord Ferrer of Chartley, Bourchier, and Louvain, Lord Chamberlain of his Mties household, and one of his Mties. most Honourable privy-council.  
MY LORD:  
LOW shrubs are sheltered by lofty Cedars; I hope the same from your Honour. The Subject which I present is warlike, though my Profession be peaceable: 'tis compendious, and not traced by many, scarce by any before: I have made the discovery; and refer the whole, being discovered, to your honour's judgement. 'Tis not the mere fancy of a scholar's brain, but many years Experience abroad in foreign Leaguers, with great danger, which produced it.  
Accept it (Great Lord) though presented at no less a distance than the foot is from the Head: and when your weighty Military engagements will afford your Honour some small recess, vouchsafe it a perusal.  
I have been so bold to present myself, and this small Tract of war unto your honour's protection, in regard your honour's Regiment ran the same hazards of war in Germany with three more of our English Nation, under the Command of our General the Lord Morgan; wherein I was embarked, and with whom I suffered resolutely and willingly the utmost of dangers that a professed Enemy with all his power & policy could proportion for our troops. Secondly, I know your honour's ability to determine of a Subject of this Nature, and to protect both the Parent and the child from public Injury.  
That the Great God of Hosts may safeguard your Honour, and that your goings Out, and comings In, may be for ever prosperous and successful, prays the meanest of  
your honour's Servant, DONALD LUPTON.   

To the Right worshipful and Generous Gentlemen, the colonels, captains, Lieutenants, and ensigns of the honourable City of London. 

Sir Edward Broomefield Col.  
Cap. Martin Bond.  
Cap. Marmaduke Rawdon.  
Cap. George Langham.  
Cap. Thomas Covell.  
Cap. Robert Davies.  
Thomas Soame Col.  
Cap. John Venn.  
Cap. William Gear.  
Cap. John Bradley.  
Cap. Rowland Wilson.  
Cap. Thomas Buckstone.  
John Gear Col.  
Cap. Edward Dichfield.  
Cap. Randall Manwaring.  
Cap. Henry Sanders.  
Cap. Matthew Forster.  
Cap. Thomas Chamberlain.  
Cap. Edmund Forster.  
Cap. Samuel Carleton.  
Cap. Tobias Massy.  
Cap. Nicholas Beale.  
Cap. James Bunce.    
Right worshipful and worthy Commanders:  
THIS Tract of war cannot (I hope) be unwelcome to your Hands, whose Bodies are daily employed in martial affairs. Nor let it seem strange that one of my Profession should produce a subject of this Nature; seeing there are seldom any Leaguers without men of our Quality: The ministering Levites were not only in the camps of Israel, but also had their special Offices and Charges allotted to them. Such grace the Helmet, animate the Soldier, and fit him at all goings Out for his happier dissolution.  
When I was abroad with our Armies (I speak it to their honour) I found large maintenance, and fair respect, though with a great deal of hazard both of fortune and life, in regard of the Enemies too great forces, and our long and hasty Marchings, together with tedious Beleaguerings: yet (by the all-ruling Providence of God) I came off enriched with some knowledge, and Military experience; which I account a rich prize, though purchased at an high price.  
I will not relate unto you the fearful and horrid issues and effects of war; such as are poverty and decay of Trading, famine, violence, depredation, destruction of Justice and Civility, slighting of Magistracy, firing and plundering of Countries, death of famous Commanders, the vast slaughtering of men, women, and children, profanation of Churches with the violation of virgins and matrons; For 
— Quis talia fando  
Temperet à lachrimis?   
But yet I hold it conducing to my countrymens' advantage and profit, to show unto them some Conclusions concerning Soldiers weapons which I have experimentally seen tried; and specially of that ancient weapon the Pike; which (though in former times and services hath been of excellency and usefulness) yet in these latter of small or no consequence. As also a short and compendious Discourse of the excellency of the musket and half-pike above other weapons, practised now with Ease and Activity by many ingenuous and martial spirits; and in times of needful trial would be as full of Advantage.  
What I have here with pains and experience thus composed and digested, I present to your loyal hands, whose judgements (I know) can well determine of Military affairs, being so constantly employed in that Noble and heroic profession of arms.  
Not doubting, but that you who so love the practice, will also favour and encourage such who shall to their utmost advance and maintain that noble and valorous Calling.  
So praying for the increase of your Fames, as well as of your Numbers, I commend you all, and all your weighty occasions to the protection of the Lord of all Victory: being  
Yours, in all fair and honourable respects, DONALD LUPTON.   

The Contents.  
SECTION I. 
OF the dignity, necessity, and lawfulness of a Soldiers Calling.  SECT. II. 
What men are fittest to be chosen for Soldiers.  SECT. III. 
What weapons are fittest for Soldiers: and that the Pike is not of Consequence in these times.  SECT. IV. 
That the Pike cannot offend, or do Execution.  SECT. V. 
That the Pike is unfit for convoys.  SECT. VI. 
That it is a great disadvantage to have all the properest men to carry Pikes.  SECT. VII. 
That to have as many Pikes as muskets, or to have such great store of Pikes in an Army, is a means to bring on the enemy's Horse.  SECT. VIII. 
That to have equal numbers of Pikes to muskets, or to have such great numbers of them, is a great charge, and a loss to the Prince that sets them forth.  SECT. ix.. 
That if the Pike be still retained, yet to have all the Pike-men to be experiened as well in the use of the musket as of the Pike.  SECT. X. 
Answers to the Arguments that have been, or that now are made in and for the defence of the Pike in these times.  SECT. XI. 
A compendious and brief Commendation of the complete and expert use of the musket and half-pike.  SECT. XII. 
The Testimony of Brancatio concerning the disability of the Pike.    

SECTION 1. Of the dignity, necessity, and lawfulness of a Soldiers Calling.  
THere is no Calling under Heaven which hath not been by slanderous and malignant Spirits traduced and vilified: and amongst all, none hath been more disgraced with opprobrious language than this of a Soldier. For some have held it unlawful; others have imputed the personal Crimes to the very Calling itself: some have held that all Soldiers are irreligious and perfidious, as that old verse hath it: 
Nulla sides, pietasque viris qui  
Castra sequuntur.  So that there have been those who have condemned the Calling for the Persons, and the Persons in the Calling: Now, briefly in this first Section, the Calling shall be cleared from these foul and unjust Aspersions which Malice or cowardice hath cast upon it.  
First, therefore if any will hold the Calling unlawful, because of many gross and heinous Abuses daily committed by Soldiers; as suppose, sacrilege, Swearing, murders, Rapes, Stealing, Pillaging, Firing of houses, drunkenness, or the like; (though it is to be wished that none of these were to be found in the Tents of Israel) yet, nor any, nor all these can prove the Calling to be unjust: for so it will follow, that the best and strictest Calling amongst men (even the very Calling of the upright Magistrate, nay, even the sacred Function of the Ministry) shall be in this respect made void: for who knows not, but that in some Age or other, some, or most of these Enormities have been found in some of the Professors. Now, how untrue and ridiculous such fond conceits are, any one may easily judge: it may as well be proved, that Wine is not to be used, because many men are drunk with it; gold & siilver are to be rejected, because many are covetous for them; Good meats are disallowable, because many follow gluttony and riot; and good clothes are to be cast aside, because so many abuse them to pride and luxury: how soon should the best and most warrantable Calling be left off, if such absurd positions were once approved for authentical.  
Therefore men should not rashly accuse or condemn the Calling, because some or many of the followers do abuse themselves in it. And let me speak truth, there neither is, nor hath been any Calling, which hath had stricter or severer Discipline proclaimed and executed in it, than this of the Soldier; for most of the Transgressors of warlike Orders are punished with death, and torture of the Delinquents; the Sword-law rather inclines to justice than mercy; Peccants in Armies (without the special favour of the Prince interveening) are usually made exemplary by some fearful execution or other, in terrorem, to daunt and terrify others from running such unhopefull hazards: A Court of war sets forth the strictest orders, and heaviest punishments, hence have they such variety of tortures; seldom is there any connivance, if once they be put over into the hands of the Executioner, for he rather adds some kind of misery (being commonly such who hath forgotten to show pity or mercy) than lessens that which is enjoined him to inflict; nor is it any safe course for him to use or show favour, for that will be but a means to procure to himself the like punishment which he should have inflicted upon the condemned Malefactor.  
To come therefore to show the dignity and excellency of this Calling: appears it not sufficiently, whereas the sacred Oracles give God himself these Attributes; The Lord of Hosts; The Lord is a man of war; The Lord walks in the midst of thine Army; The Lord overthrew Pharaoh; Oh thou sword of the Lord rest and be still: And is not the eternal son of God called the Captain of our Salvation, and He led Captivity captive; He it was that triumphed over the spiritual Goliath, and by his unconquered power hath got himself the victory, and ransomed us when we were Prisoners. To descend; Are not the glorious Angels termed by the warlike phrase of legions of angels? two destroyed 5 Cities, one cut off 185000 of Senacherib's Army in one night. To come yet lower; Did not those radiant lamps of Heaven, the Stars in their courses fight against Sisera? What are all the creatures but Militia Caeli? hail, Snow, Wind, vapours, storms, Tempests, are so called by holy Job: Who (saith he) can number up his Armies? Now to speak of men (if I intended length of discourse) what might I say of great Abraham, valiant Moses, unconquered Joshuah, mighty Samson, stout Gideon, resolute Jephte, renowned Deborah & Barach, experienced David, with diverse others? Could I not speak of those Centurions, the one was commended by our blessed Saviour for his faith; the other was said to be a worthy man, for he had built the people a Synagogue; and the third devout and charitable Cornelius, whose prayers were so forcible, and almsdeeds so manifold, that they came up before God for him; and who can but confess these to be Commanders in war? To shut up all, the Church by King Solomon is said to be terrible as an Army with Banners; and St. Ambrose divinely hath sung it, The noble Army of Martyrs praise thee.  
Now, if any shall urge, that all these were excellent indeed for piety as well as valour; but what can be said for the common (but more properly) the private Soldier? they are known to be full of all impieties; witness warlike Histories of all times, which largely show the fearful and horrible villainies and abuses of them. It may be said first, 'tis not for want of good Examples, nor good Orders, nor is the Objection generally true: For Examples, 'tis manifest their Generals have been good; and if that common Rule fail not, Magis ducimur Exemplis quàm Praeceptis, what hinders the Soldier from following? Gideon said it to his Army, and it was performed; As ye have seen me do, so do ye: and before him Josuah, when he put the people to declare in point of Religion; his pious and resolved example, That he and his House would serve the Lord, brought in all the Army to do the same: and when that great Army which did surmount the number of 380000. men, were put to answer whose side they would take; when they heard that worthy speech of their general King David, answered all with one heart, Thine we are o David, and for thee will we fight: So that 'tis plain if good examples have any force in them, the Soldier may be conscionable, just, and pious, as well as his Commander.  
Nor secondly, are they nought for want of good orders or Discipline; for an Army is but a well-governed commonwealth in arms: Now 'tis held by all men, that where good Orders are, there usually are the fewest abuses, men being afraid to transgress, formidine paenae, for fear of the lash; That Centurion which spoke to our blessed Lord, mark his language: I am also a man under Authority, and have Soldiers under me, and I say to one go, and he goeth; to another come, and he cometh; and to a third, do this, and he doth it. Of Cornelius 'tis said, That he feared God with all his House; and without question, those his servants which he sent to bring St. Peter to his house were Soldiers, and yet who can justly tax their honesty, fidelity, or piety? And who can accuse those Soldiers who came to St. John Baptist to inquire what they should do? I should, and do verily suppose them to have been good and virtuous men, for it seems so by their coming, first to be instructed, than secondly for asking such a question which might inform them how they might be honest and religious; and thirdly, because St. John did not any ways increpate or chide them, as elsewhere he did the Scribes and Pharisees, (and I am sure he would not have spared to have told them their own, had he known them to have been peccant.) Therefore 'tis plain that good Discipline hath not only been enjoined unto, but also observed by the inferior Soldier.  
Then thirdly, what hinders Soldiers to be well governed, and conscionable men? when they are always next door to death; now 'tis known, that the remembrance of the shortness of life, and the certainty of death, and Judgement to come, is and hath been a main incitement to goodness, and hath wrought mainly upon men's hearts; witness that disputation of Temperance, righteousness, and of the Judgement to come, which that Divine Doctor of the Gentiles had before the governor Felix, who, though an Heathen, yet was so struck and convinced at the matter, that he trembled at the hearing of it, and dismissed the Orator till another time: So that I see not, but that the Soldier as well as the Commander may be virtuous and religious.  
Secondly, as the Calling is worthy and excellent, so 'tis as necessary: For how should a Prince be able to defend his own Right, but by such instruments? How should he offend him that hath wronged him, his Allies, or his Territories, but by the soldier's valour? These are necessary in times of war, for the punishment of rebels, or other Enemies; necessary in times of Peace to be in readiness upon all extremities: they are necessary by Sea, necessary by Land; for war is not tied or confined to one place alone, but sometimes on one, sometimes in the other, sometimes by both: Necessary in Frontiers against Invaders; necessary in Field, to get victory to their Prince: 'Tis hard for a State to be long in safety, where the helmet and musket are cashiered: old Rome could never so long have triumphed over the world, had she not maintained her legions of old Soldiers? but when she slighted these, mark what one hath spoken of her: 
The Roman State did then begin to shrink,  
When they began to Court, to Coach, and drink.   
How quickly will Effeminacy and cowardice surprise a Nation, without exercises or employments for war? To preserve the power of the Turkish Empire, they always make choice of their Emperor who is naturally addicted to wars. Grave Maurice the Prince of Orange had wont to say, that he was naked when he was not enquartered amongst the old English Regiments. As 'tis injustice without great cause to begin war, so 'tis as little Policy to let the sword rust. I cannot see how long the plough could subsist in quietness, nor yet the Master reap his corn with joy, if he was not defended by the sword: 'tis held wisdom to have the plough going within, and the Soldier marching without: a right Soldier is the joy of the Farmer, the defence of the City, the shield for Learning, the credit of his Nation, and the glory of his Prince. And what though the times be not always for their present service and employment? A wise man (I hold) may lay up his sword, but I shall not count him so who breaks it: it is good always to have (as in all other occasions) good store beforehand; so also in this: for Soldiers are not like Poets, who are so borne; but they are made by long and dangerous hazards and experience; it is not one Summers march, or twice or thrice drilling by his corporal, nor yet his great oaths will qualify him for present service: they were the veterani milites that stood it out: a winter leaguer, with hard duty, will freeze the courage of such as are not experienced: Though their charge runs high for the Prince, yet when He pleaseth to use them, they will quickly bring in all costs and charges, or else die for the cause. Who now would hold them unfitting or unnecessary to be employed and maintained, who will willingly meet death i'th' face for the honour and profit of their Master.  
It was wittily jested by the marquess Spinola, concerning the old English in the Low-Countries, when he heard one of his Lords term them old Dogs; 'tis true (said he) they are so, and if it was not for such old bitten curs, I would quickly worry the united Provinces. 'Tis well when the general can say, he hath as many Soldiers as men: 'twas a sharp one of him who told a Lord general who brought a great multitude of raw and unexpert Soldiers into the field; Sir, I see abundance of Serving-men, but no Soldiers. I could (if I pleased) be large in this theme, but I intend brevity: for Soldiers delight more in Actions than words.  
Lastly, that this Calling is warrantable, who can doubt it, seeing the God of Heaven approves it? hath not He appointed it for a punishment unto the Nations? He gave Nabuchadnezzar hire and wages for his service which he performed for him. St. John Baptist did not disallow of the Soldlers Calling who came to him, but only gave them cautious directions, as not to do violence, and to be content with their wages Was it not lawful; why then have Kings and Princes in all ages (who were wise and holy men) used it, and have prospered.  
And if it shall be objected, that therefore K. David should not build the Temple, because he had shed blood, and had been a warrior: That's not principally meant of the blood of God's enemies, or his own; but spoken of the blood of Vriiah which was killed with many more of his Seconds by David's council and direction. If any shall say, that sucking children and Innocents of young years are murdered in wars, as well as others: What's that to the purpose? Is not the case of pestilence and war in this point alike? Where God commands the Rule to be general, 'tis no safety to put in exceptions: Saul smarted for his foolish and indirect mercy showed to the Amalekites.  
Certainly, war is lawful in respect of the Cause, God's worship, or religion's defence: 'tis warrantable in respect of the effect, working what Heaven decreed; and who dare question the Actions supreme? 'tis questionless good, because Heaven commands it; being good, why may it not be undertaken? It is justly allowable in respect of the end, being God's glory, the church's prosperity, the kingdom's peace, the subjugating of Enemies, the establishment and confirmation of Right and Justice, with divers other consequences needful, just, and pious.  
Though there be an old law, Bellum quasi minime bellum: that's either the taunt of some satirical fancy, or beggarly Poet, or else spoken of that war which is injustum (.i.) unlawful and unrighteous: So that, nor that, nor all the fantastic conceits of Anabaptists against war under the gospel can any ways disparage that high, heroic, generous, noble and honourable Calling, allowed by God, and followed by the best of men in all Ages.   

SECT. II. What men are fittest to choose for Soldiers.  
THere hath been no small controversy and dispute about this Subject: And for certain, the advantage or disadvantage of foiling the Enemy consists much in making choice of Soldiers; ex quolibet pigno non fit Mercurius. All Spirits are not borne under the Planet of Mars, nor all Conditions fit to follow Drums and Trumpets: Let not the Soldier be nomine infamis; for 'tis certain, frustranea erit Executio, cum debilis fuerit Electio. Some (with Zerxes) care not what valour be in the men, so that they abound in numbers and multitudes: But is not this to set chaff to encounter the wind; or as to appoint Hares against Lions? It is not the number but the virtue and valour that gain Conquest; and who march to the field of victory through slaughtered carcases? who knows not how often few numbers of the English Regiments have not only affronted, but also overthrown great Armies of the French, and that even in the heart and bowels of all France, whenas the French have been as good as five for one (a mighty odds to all probability) had there not been great difference in the courage of the combatants: and did not that noble and never to be forgotten Christian Soldier, the renowned Scanderberg, with an handful of his Epirots not only defend themselves and their Province from the insulting threats and menaces of the great Turk; but upon all affronts offered did also bravely revenge themselves by overthrowing those huge and vast Armies which were sent against them by the Turkish Sultan.  
And it hath not only been so by Land, but also by Sea: Have not great Navies been dispersed and scattered by small numbers? Witness that unparalleled Sea-fight betwixt the Christians and Turks in the Levant; for though the Christian General Don John of Austria with the Venetians and others were great in numbers, yet the Turk far surmounted them; but in conclusion, what a fearful slaughter did the Christians make of them? and what a famous victory was obtained over them? And how often have great Navies of Spaniards been quelled and conquered by a few English little ships, by the valour of our Commanders, such as were Clifford, Frobisher, Cavendish, Haukins, Drake, who when they met, made the Spaniards know, that though they had gotten, yet they should not dare to keep their Indian Gold, but yield themselves and it to their conquering swords: And is it not true, that 4 or 5 Merchant ships of London well appointed for Sea, dare not only look upon, but also grapple with three times so many of the Turks: and whence is this? (next to the providence of Almighty God, who can overthrow with few as well as with many, and who is the sole giver of all victory) it may be accounted that it is the valour and expertness of the Soldiers: an ounce of steel being worth a pound of Lead, and a few lion's better than a great company of stags. So, that certain it is, that it much concerns a State to make choice (in times of need) of such Spirits as are naturally the fittest for that great employment of war.  
The colder Climates have usually produced the terriblest Soldiers; and the Country hath commonly yielded hardy men for all hazards, than populous Cities, they being (for the most part) too tenderly and effeminately bred. As well Vegetius observes it, Aptiorem armis esse Plebem Rusticam, quae sub Dio & labour nutritur, solis patiens, umbrae negligens, Balnearum nesciens, deliciarum ignara, simplicis animi, parvo contenta, duratis membris ad tolerantiam omnis laboris, cui gestare ferrum, fossam ducere, onus ferre, consuetudo de Rure est: (i) The country men are more apt for arms, who are hardly and laboriously bred, patient of heat, not regarding shades or shelters, ignorant of baths, not given to Luxury, honest and simple of heart, content with little, whose joints and members are rough and tough to undergo all work, who are enured to carry iron, to make ditches, to bear burdens: And as Horace hath it, that the Country young men, not the Citizens of Rome conquered Hannibal; but as he, 
Sed Rusticorum mascula militum Proles. (I)  
Great Hannibal was beaten down  
By the sturdy country-cown.  And Pliny confirms the same, Rusticae Tribus (saith he) laudatissimae; Vrbanae verò in quas transferri ignominiae esset probro. (i) Country clowns are most commendable for warlike employment; but Citizens are given to idleness, sloth, &c.  
I should approve of the choice Black-smiths, Carpenters, Masons, ploughmen, Butchers, Sawyers, and all other rough and laborious Trades, especially such who use their limbs most forceably at work. In city's choice may be made of carmen, Porters, Watermen, Wine-Coopers, Roape-makers, dyers, with brewer's servants and Attendants; amongst which many able, lusty, strong, and hardy men may be found fit for service. As for shoemakers, Tailors, Ostlers, Chamberlains, Tapsters, Coach men, footmen, Weavers, cashiered Serving-men; fiddlers, Vintners-Journy-men, &c. though these may be better spared both for their great numbers, and uselessness at home, than the former; yet they are held not so good to fight, or to endure the hardness of the wars, as the former; yet from the mixture of both there may be a complete Army gathered up.  
Amongst the Nations of Europe, 'tis held, that the French be too hasty to offer injuries, but too light to hold on against stout resistancies: most count the cavalry of France better than the Infantry, they being for the most part well bred for the saddle. The Italian is much degenerate; and Rome in stead of sending forth Consuls, and Legions of stout Soldiers, sends out Friars, monks, and Jesuits. The High-Dutch (Unless mixed with other Nations) are of themselves too dull and slow. The Dane (much like the Low-Dutch) drowsy, and is so far from being excellent by himself, that neither of them are good with others: hence is it that both of them in any occasion are forced to be beholden to other Nations; as to the English, Scots, French, Walloons, and Swissers: nay, the Low-Dutch trust not any of their frontier Garrisons with companies of their own Nation alone, as well knowing how easily they would yield upon furious assaults; they are so wary at Sea, that usually they man their ships with English, Scots and French; have they not maintained themselves at home by others valour for many years, and gained from their Enemy? In their Western Plantations, where they have effected any thing against the Spaniard, or hold any thing safely now, is it not by other men's hearts more than their own? The Swede and Pole are much alike, yet 'tis thought that the Pole is the better horseman and the Swede the stouter footman; however the long wars in Germany have fleshed them both. The Spaniard usually is held to school or Trades till 14 or 16 years old, and ever after for the musket: and to speak truth, he hath valour enough to make attempts, and to get ground, and he wants it not to hold it: he is fit for heat, cold, hunger, or thirst; yet he is better for land then sea, and better to hold a Fort then to fight in field.  
Now for certain (without any disparagement to other Nations) 'tis known that there is not a truer bred spirit for war by land or by sea, than the English: for who ever affronted them without sufficient proof of their ability; especially if they pleased to call in their Seconds to accompany them? What Country of Christendom hath not felt the force of their steel? and the Turks at sea confess it, that they had rather deal with any Nation than the English. So that if they be well ordered, and kept in by the rules of good Discipline, they fear not the faces or forces of their stoutest foes: and have one singular virtue beyond any other Nation, for they are always willing to go on; and though at first stoutly resisted, yet will as resolutely undertake the action the second time, though it be to meet death itself in the face.  
To be brief; most men would have Soldiers to partake more of the Country than the City, to be sturdy and stiff, rather than courteous and affable: I would have them stout, hardy, temperate, watchful, patient, faithful, obedient, religious; for an an Army of such persons is most likely to prove to the honour of their Prince, and glory of their Nation.   

SECT. III. What weapons are the fittest for Soldiers; and that the Pike is not of consequence in these times.  
WIse Commanders have always had great care to have their forces, both Horse and Foot, to be well and completely furnished with the most serviceable arms and weapons: for 'tis good Policy to take all advantages in field, especially against such Enemies who neither take nor give fair Quarter; such as are Dragooners, Gravats, with some parties of Freebooers and Hannovers; against whom any sort of murdering weapons may be used: However, for the generality of weapons, most men will approve of them best, which have these five properties:  
First, they should be Defensive against Assaults, fit and able to safeguard the persons of those Soldiers who bear them into the field: these make the Enemy loath to come on, and encourage our Soldiers to make attempt: by this course many great Armies have been discomfited. In this regard the Spaniard is much to be commended, for he still keeps himself in his arms: but above all others, the Turks are vigilant this way; for they in their march against Enemies, move like a complete armoury for variety and choice of weapons: Our Nation of late hath been much to blame, who against all Orders have many times for the enjoying a little ease, cast away their arms for the present, though after strictly and severely punished by their Officers for their fault; and though they have been by this course unfit to have made Resistance (if any occasion should have been offered.)  
Secondly, 'tis not enough to have weapons for a Defence, unless also they can Offend: the former respecting the good of our own persons, these aiming at the annoying and destroying our Enemies; 'tis the end of war to weaken his forces, and to subjugate his Armies by cutting off and lessening his numbers; and therefore those weapons must needs be counted excellent which are fit to bring to pass our intended desires: herein the Polish and Hungarian horsemen are commendable, & it is to be supposed they have learned that custom from their neighbouring Enemy the Turk. And indeed defensive weapons may be used in times of Peace, but offensive are the best for war: why need men go forth to kill their Enemies, except they be allowed such instruments as can perform the deed?  
Then thirdly, 'tis good, as to have weapons so qualified, so also is it as convenient to have them light and portable: 'tis not to be expected, that a Soldier can fight stoutly upon the sudden, whenas by long marches and hot weather he is tired under his arms: Soldiers should take a pleasure in bearing them, but they should not be burdened under them: Hereupon 'tis thought that buff-coats came so much in request, because they are so easy and comely, and (if good) as fit for defence as common Corslets: The High-Dutch and imperial forces are excellently well accommodated with nimble arms, being most of them proper able persons, and also furnished with very light muskets.  
Fourthly, though these three things be fit to be in Soldiers weapons, yet they are then far better, when they come from the hands of the Artificer dextrously and sufficiently tempered and made; to effect which, there is no better inducement then to see that the Labourers be paid their wages, (good and certain Pay being the spur to workmen to make their work complete and serviceable:) and for certain, when they are truly paid, if they fail in the delivering in good arms, they are then liable to severe punishment by the Magistrate, and are fit to be made Examples, and discarded their places with Ignominy and disgrace: Our Army was ill provided for swords, those which were delivered to the Soldiers being so brittle, that with any blow almost they would break to pieces: there is no Nation that may have better than our own, if care be had; we having first, excellent matter; and secondly, as expert Artificers to give them form as any Nation, nay, in many respects far better.  
Then lastly, weapons should be so made, that they may be with conveniency, and (as much as can be with advantage too) used in all places, and at all times: for their chiefest virtue is in their generality of use. Hereupon the short strong Sword is held better than the long Rapier, or (as the Swisser useth) two-handed swords: the musket and firelock are held excellent, because seldom can an Army be so instraightned, but that Soldiers may use these with terror and advantage: these are good for all convoys, marchings, intrenchings, pillagings, onslaughts, near or far off; they are easy of carriage, terrible in their execution, doing their message quickly and throughly, as after shall be proved.  
And though the musket be but of late Invention, yet none that ever went before it was more approved and commended; nor was any weapon (except the sword only) so generally received of all Nations as the musket hath been. Now for certain, the Pike hath been of great repute in former times also; yet in these latter losing much of it's ancient authority, as being experimentally known for true, that it is not of an offensive virtue against professed Enemies: for its antiquity is not a sufficient argument to tie our times to conformity to the practice of the former; after-Ages having altered and changed, nay, quite left off many kinds of weapons that were anciently in use: Now it shall briefly appear to all, how unuseful the Pike is in Military occasions at this present, and that in many respects.   

SECT. IV. That the Pike cannot offend, or do Execution.  
AS there is nothing doth more encourage the Enemy to assault, so, nor is there any thing that doth more dishearten Soldiers to fight valiantly, than the knowledge and certainty of a disproportionable disability of arms: and therefore it hath always been counted the best Policy in war against open Enemies, as to take the advantage of Time, Place, Numbers and Valour, so also of warlike Instruments: And they have been accounted excellent Commanders, who have invented new Stratagems to foil the Enemy; and hence those arms have been accounted most admirable, which can most offend and annoy the adverse Party.  
Now it shall plainly appear, that the Pike cannot effect, or do execution; For whereas 'tis pretended that they alone keep off the enemy's Horse, nothing less, as shall after be proved: and admit they did, yet that service was to be accounted defensive only. Now suppose the Enemy invading be either Horse or Foot, the former can kill at least 120 yards off, the latter at least 400 yards: now is the Pike able to kill at either of these distances, being 16 foot at most in length, and then pushed (perhaps) with arms of an impotent, sickly, weak-bodyed Soldier, or, which is as bad, by one that wants skill or courage, or both.  
And what more, there is not one private Soldier of twenty shall by his utmost strength and skill together run through a common Corslet, nay, not through a buffcoat which is good, to wound mortally; and what wisdom or policy is it to have so many standing men in arms, which are not able to kill the Invaders: Further, hath it not been seen that three or four good resolute Soldiers with their swords and buff-coats only have cut off ten or twelve Pike-heads, and come off safe without wounds, and purchased to themselves honour and reward?  
For an instance of this: The Prince of Orange his Leaguer lying before Scenke-Sconse, it so fell out, that there was a great uproar betwixt the English and Swissers, they being enquartered one next to the other; the occasion was small, being about a stiver or two lost at Cards; but the issue had likely to have produced wonder and amazement (if by fair persuasions and entreaties both parties had not been pacified) for the Tumult began to grow to an intestine Mutiny (many men being wounded on both sides) so that the English first, and Swissers at last called to arms: whenas there stood one of the Divisions of the Swissers pikes ready charged, did not then two Soldiers of colonel Burlacyes Regiment with their swords only enter by force into that Body, and cut off divers Pike-heads, and came off again with three or four of them in their hands, which in fury and great derision they flung again amongst them, with this jeer to boot, Oh do us no harm good men!  
And because other Arguments shall be used; Can there be any hopes of much slaughter of the Enemies by our Pike-men, when not above three ranks at once can do any hurt without prejudice and danger to their fellows more than to their foes? which shall be thus proved:  
Admit the Pike be 16 foot long, the first Rank indeed have use and liberty of the whole length; but then the second rank loseth the benefit of three feet, and the third rank of six feet, if they stand charged at three foot distance: Or if upon close-charge at one foot and an half distance, (which though the stronger, yet disadvantageous, because the enemy's bullets seldom miss) than the second rank loseth one foot and a half, and the third three foot at least; so that at the best, (the men being able and skilful in arms) yet what with the terror of the alarm, the confusion of ranks by the death of some, the time of night when the Enemy may fall on, the hazard of wounding in their thrust their own Commanders or Comrades (by their close standing) sufficiently show that it is not the Pike that doth the feat.  
For, the liberty of the Enemy being horsemen, with speed and fury of charging, will, and doth so puzzle and nonplus the Pikemen, that in a Body of Horse varying their motions, the Pike must play the Ape of force, and in case they fail in variety of Postures for defence, all is lost; which, in a Body so beset with furious Assailants, (conscious to themselves of their own insufficiency of Resistance) easily yield to their Betters. And if the Enemy be Musquetiers, who knows not but that a thousand expert, able Fire-men (using their utmost skill and advantage) are able to reduce two thousand Pikes to their own desired conformity? And all this is only in regard that the Pike cannot answer like for like, but is forced to suffer the volleys of shot, and is no ways able for Replies. To proceed.   

SECT. V. That the Pike is unfit for convoys.  
Army's are like great Families, must have all sorts of Provision; there's little, or no hopes of the long subsistence of that Body which wants ingress, egress, and regress: 'tis a dishonour to a Prince not to be able to come to his own home; therefore 'tis, and always hath been the wisdom of chiefs to sit down and enquarter in such places, to which there may be a confluence of Trading; so that the camp and Leaguer shall be but like a City removed into the fields: every house must have a door of entrance.  
Yet it often so falls out by the casualty of wars, and opposition of Enemies, that men cannot always enjoy this liberty; For sometimes the Enemy or neutral friends block up passages, and then few men do desire to go to that Market where there is nothing to be bought but blows. It hath been known that many good Spirits have paid dear for fetching in others' Provision; it shall appear in one instance:  
Whenas four English Regiments lay in Bremeland, under the Command of that experienced and truly valiant general of the English, the Lord Morgan, at the Long-Line; part of the Provision came up the River of Wesar, but that which came by Land was conducted by our Soldiers through our own Horse-quarters; who, as they were many and neutral, so they were as treacherous, for they would usually plunder and pillage our wagons, and kill our men if they resisted; and all under a pretext of want of pay, and that they hoped to requite us in another course: So that in plain terms, the first war in my apprehension was with our seeming friends, for our own victuals too dearly bought.  
But if the Enemy or others Do not hinder, yet distance of place, difficulty of way, time of year, Covenants of paying, want of ready moneys, Remove of Armies, sudden alterations of princes' minds may cause convoys to be full of hazard: Else why is it called a Convoy, but because 'tis cum Via & Vita, for way and life; and who are indeed more exposed to dangers than Convoyers: being men whose lives hang upon wagon wheels, or, as I may say truly, Persons who always carry their lives in their hands.  
Now, whosoever rightly conceives the necessity of convoys in Armies, and what a great charge is laid upon the undertakers; For sometimes they bring along great treasure, as the pay for the whole Army; sometimes they undertake the protection of some great Prince or Commander: sometimes they bring Commissions, and letters of Intelligence, for the safety of the whole Body; may easily conclude, that seeing their way doth often lie through the enemy's Countries, they had need to pick men of singular valour, admirable courage, and choice dexterity for feats of arms, and such as go with arms fitting to offend upon all assaults and occasions, such as shall any ways, at any time dare to make approaches.  
Now it is plain, that the Pike-men are altogether unfit for such high service as this is; not that any can question or disparage their valour or skill, but their unfitness for that imloyment; which is thus proved to all:  
First, from the place where they may be set upon; if it should be in a Wood amongst trees, as such places are fittest for, and fullest of Pillagers and Freebooters for Ambush; I would fain know how the Pike could be in such places charged without a great deal of encumbrance in regard of the branches of trees, which would hinder them to use their Postures? If, secondly, it should be upon the passage of some Bridge, were not 100 good firelocks able to keep that passage against 500 Pikes, and pillage at their pleasure? If the place be a Narrow lane set with hedges, Bullets will force their passage through, whereas Pikes cannot. And if the ground be spacious and champagne, gives it not the more compass and liberty to the Enemy to come off or on, and to keep distance until the Pikes be either most shot or killed; for in such places what are the Pike-men upon their charge, but even standing marks to be hit the sooner?  
Then secondly, from the time that the Enemy may fall on: If first, in the night, what a confusion will there be, for every man, first, to find his own arms? and then, what a deal of toil to put them on? And if in the day time, are not the Pikes fit only to take wounds, but not able to give any? Now, can they be held fit to safeguard others, who cannot help or relieve themselves?  
And thirdly, Is not the pikeman as unfit for convoys, in respect of swift Marches: For convoys upon Intelligence of any enemy's approach, will haste away for safety and shelter: now the Pike is not good for speed; and as they cannot go apace from, so, nor can they pursue, with any speed, an Enemy when he hath affronted them; so that as they have been powerful to purchase their booty, they have as large liberty to go off with their prizes, without fear of surprise or pursuit.  
And as the Pike is full of disadvantage in respect of place, time, and marching; so, lastly, is it as insufficient in some cases to return to their own leaguer again: For if any Enemy hath heard of their marching by, may he not with a few Musquetiers block up their passage for return, so that their general had need to send out another Convoy of Fire-men to bring home his Pikes again, or else he must give them for lost, or be forced to ransom them, who, if they had been Musquetiers, would have been able to have freed themselves.  
And to conclude: In an Army mixed of muskets and Pikes, why should not the one as well as the other perform services, and run equal hazards, seeing they are all alike engaged and interested in the same cause? which yet they cannot: For the Pike is so far unfitting for any present service upon the Enemy, that after ten a clock at night he is not reputed to be a sufficient sentinel, especially in any outworks, as halfmoons, orn-works, &c. For all the Alarum he can give, must be by word of mouth; which, at many times, especially if there be any distance betwixt his sentinels place, and the Corps-du-Guard; or else if the wind be high and blustering, or contrary (as many times it may be) cannot be well performed: And is not that a poor course to have 20000 men in field, and only all, or at least the hardest service to be done by 10000 To what end need their persons be there, whenas they stand us in little, or no stead; for certain, great are the inconveniences that have issued in public services, by having either equal numbers, or such great store of Pikes with muskets. But to go on to other Arguments.   

SECT. VI. What a great disadvantage it is to have all the properest men to carry Pikes.  
BY counsel (saith King Solomon) make war; 'tis indeed the Hinge of great services: none are likely to be well managed without Policy and Advice. It hath been always determined by able Commanders, to have strong, hardy, lusty, courageous, and active men to be set forth for Soldiers; and thereupon 'tis thought fit by Great States to give liberty to servants and Apprentices to use public exercises of Recreation, as Leaping, Running, Wrestling, Pitching the bar, Riding, Swimming, Fencing, &c. in the times of Peace, that in the times of war they may choose men of lively and active spirits, to do their King and Country service.  
Which course cannot be by discreet men reproved: But the mistake follows; that when such men are appointed for service, and chosen for war, than the Officers make choice of the tallest, and, to all likelihood, of the strongest men to be for Pike-men. Now 'tis certain, were the weapons as serviceable as the men, it might be good in consequence; but here 'tis clean otherwise: for the men, though apt and ready for service, are yet mainly disabled by the arms they are enjoined to use: for to speak plainly, what reason is it, while that others can send the messengers of Death to their Enemies at a large distance, Pikes only cannot? and while others are discharging their Bullets, these may stand and look on only, not being able to do any thing.  
Now it shall plainly appear what a great disadvantage it is to an Army, to tie such able men to such a kind of weapon which cannot affront an insulting foe: for, doth it not spur on the Enemy to take the advantage, whenas he knows we cannot hurt him? and will he not have matter enough to laugh at, to see our Pikes stand charged, and to sink down shot in their ranks by their Pistols or muskets, and no ways able to answer like for like; as is plain in this Instance.  
Whenas the Town of Stoade was beleaguered by the forces of Count Tilly and others, and defended by the English; for a good while we kept many outworks and scouts without the walls: It so fell out, that many Musquetiers being employed in other services, and being, by reason of the perfidiousness of the Citizens, forced at all times to leave a sufficient number within, lest they should have betrayed the town; that there were an 100 or an 150. Pike-men, able, stout, expert, and well armed, appointed (with some few Musquetiers) to keep a Scout not far from the town: whereas 'twas thought there was little or no danger to be feared, came it not to pass, that the Enemy (roving about to spy all advantages) Marched that very night against that scout which was manned chiefly with Pikes; the alarm was taken first by one of our Pike-men, by the sight of a dog, which (as he supposed, and so all the rest) came not alone; which proved true: for presently the Enemy gave fire, and hearing but one or two discharge from the Scout, supposed that we had either left the work, or else were asleep, and so unable to resist: 'twas true, that when the Enemy had twice or thrice furiously given fire, our men did retreat towards the town; but upon notice given to our general, they were charged to maintain and defend the work, and to beat out the enemy again: so they going on, did by their sudden return, and the darkness of the night, terrify the Enemy so that they left their easy gotten purchase for a time (supposing that either we had increased our numbers, or else might have some plot to encompass them in:) but hearing no further pursuit, made a stand; and upon advice set upon the scout the second time, wherein they made a fearful slaughter, casting our men which were shot into the fire one upon another; killed and burned all that stood it out, shot divers of them who cast away their arms to save themselves by swimming: so that we lost most, or almost all our men.  
Now was not this an unequal fight, to set Pikes against muskets? And had these men had muskets, they would have defended that work against double so many Musquetiers coming on. This was much lamented, but the loss was unrecoverable.  
Nor yet will any impute any indiscretion to our general: for this Act could not at that time have been remedied, most of our Musquetiers doing daily service in all places, both within and without the town, and half our forces almost (if not altogether) were Pikes; who, when they perceived how that the heat of duties lay all upon the musket, did all of them very well like of their weapon, because it freed them from the most dangerous and forlorn places; which inconvenience as soon as it was so dearly understood, was remedied; and most of our Pike-men were urged to use the musket; and such as did not, were adjudged to be Cowards, as indeed they deserved.  
And it must needs be a great disadvantage to an Army to be so set forth: whenas, first, the Musquetiers cannot amount to those numbers that otherways they would; and so in case the Enemy outvie us in numbers (as usually they do) how hard service must needs lie upon the small quantity of Musquetiers that we have: and if they be daily forced to fight, what help or assistance can they expect from their fellow Pikes, in regard that though they would, yet they could not relieve in respect of their arms?  
And it hath done, and will cause great complaints and murmurings daily amongst Soldiers, whenas the Musquetiers perceive that the Pikes usually are like men privileged or exempted from Sallies, convoys, Skirmishes, Onslaughts, all dangerous and tedious Enterprizes, especially to beat out an Enemy from a work, or to gain a passage and keep it; for in all these and many other the like services, the Pike may rest in his Quarters, and only the musket must out (if we mean to speed in what we undertake) may it not produce heartburnings amongst Soldiers, to see some in a manner doing nothing, while the whole heat of the day lies upon, and is undergone by others? Now seeing the service doth equally concern all, why should not unsavoury sworn servant do his task.  
Brieflly, concluding that the highest and chiefest service for Honour is either going on against an Enemy, or lying down before him, or else retreating from him; it shall appear to all, that in all these Considerations our great number of Pikes is a great disadvantage to us.  
For first, suppose that we are marching against the Enemy, any one of experience knows that there will fall out sundry skirmishes and Salutes, much playing by parties as well of ours as of their men, before we can come to take a view of their Body in gross, or they of ours. Now this cannot be done by Pike-men, for the fight is yet at distance, and so unfit for them: 'tis quickly and suddenly done, and usually in such places where the pikeman will scarce have liberty to manage his arms: and to speak truth, what was it but to expose the lives of so many Pikes to the mercy of the enemy's shot, if they should be set out? and doth not the Enemy by such discover that we either are but few Musquetiers, or else we would never have begun the fight with Pikes. And I may justly speak it, that those who carry Pikes intend not to hurt the Enemy until they have parleyed with him; for though they may be ready and resolved to fight a great way off, yet they cannot, until they come close up to them; which privilege (I believe) the Enemy being muskets, will not afford them.  
Then secondly, if it be to lie against an Enemy, in case we keep any watch in Outworks, as (for the better safeguard of the Army) we usually do; then if the watch be set with 200. men, half of them Musquetiers and half of them Pikes; if any service be performed, I do account that it must be all done by the muskets; for to what purpose should the Pikes hazard themselves, whenas they are not within reach to offend: so that I suppose (excepting only their doing service by standing sentinel) that there are but 100, in the place to beat the Enemy; and therefore it hath been seen in service (even in Trenches) when the Musquetier hath been giving fire furiously upon the Enemy, that the Pikes have sat safe in the Trenches, taking Tobacco, or telling tales, as though the matter had not any ways concerned them.  
And lastly, if it be to make a Retreat from an Enemy (which includes a great deal of honour, valour, and skill;) for it must not be done dishonourably, confusedly, or cowardly, (especially if the Enemy pursue,) but with good Intelligence, resolved Hearts and singular Policy: for Cowards run away, but valiant and wise Soldiers make retreats from a Foe. Is it not manifest that even at this time also the Pike proves disadvantageous? for 'tis to be concluded and resolved, that the Enemy following will not make assaults upon us with Pikes, but with muskets, Carbines, and Pistols, and will any man of experience judge our Pikemen fit instruments to beat off such fiery Blades? For if the Horse fall on (as usually they are the quickest for pursuit, and terriblest for charge) it cannot be held safe to put our Pikes in the rear to keep them off; for the Pikes must stand, they cannot well come off, or follow the other part of the Army, unless they intend to go backward charged, and how ridiculous would such a Posture prove? so that of force we must send able Fire-men to learn the horse to keep aloof, or else we should seem very unkind to our fellows, to leave them to such mortal danger: And if so, than the old rule is true, Frustra fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora, Two are needless where one will serve the turn. But it is clear that the Pikes cannot, and therefore the Musquer must.  
Or if (as in Germany we had experience of it) the Enemy follow with horsemen, and every horseman carrying a Musquetier behind him (which may be done to win ground of them whom they intend to visit, for four legs will rid more ground than two) I desire to know what good our Pikes can do, whenas our Enemy resolves to keep out of the Pikes reach, and yet be within length to effect what they came for? So that we (if we intend to get off fairly) must do it by placing good stout Musquetiers in our rear, who (like Parthians) can fight and fly, or (as we say) can give fire and retreat: thus had our Army fain to do when we came off from the Long-live, being followed close by the imperial Horse, each of them bringing a Musquetier with him, until we enquartered at the Berke not far from Breme: which could not have been performed, had we not maintained our rear (not with Pikes) but with stout shot.  
And that was held the best Method in our marching from our Quarters at the Berke along to Stoad; for we left 150. or 200. resolute fire-men in a work to find the Enemy play, whilst the main of our Army gained almost a whole day's journey; neither was it a slow March to show State, or refresh the Soldier, (for our safety lay in our speed;) but it was quick and hasty, so that those which were left behind were of most reputed for lost men, and all supposed that had not Captain Hamonds' Company received the Enemy coming after us, though to the loss almost of all his Soldiers lives, that our men had been served with the same sauce, (the Enemy intending us for slaughter as well as his men) yet those few men taking the best opportunity in such a desperate straight, and having a good guide, recovered our troops again. Now what service did our Pikes do all this while? did they not cause our March to be the slower? and in case the Enemy had overtaken us (as it was generally suspected he would) should not our. Musquetiers than have been the best defence for our Pike-men? and was it not the wish of all, that all our Pikes had been Fire-men▪ and had not that Order been observed, we might have all been cut off before we could have entered into Stoad. So that it is evident enough what an hindrance it is to an Army to have the ablest men to be for Pike-men.   

SECT. VII. To have as many Pikes as muskets, or to have such great store of Pikes in an Army is a means to bring on the enemy's Horse.  
Weapon's should be to terrify, not to encourage an Enemy; to keep him off, not to allure him on: The very ensigns and colours have a Terror to amaze, (as King Solomon hath it) Terrible as an Army with Banners. All warlike Instruments are dreadful; the Shield, the Sword, the Trumpet, the very Drums and Fifes sound and beat fear and horror: for Soldiers are not for sport and jest, but for earnest: neither is war to be accounted as a May-game or morris-dance, but as a Plague and Scourge. Therefore in war's Soldiers use offensive weapons to wound and destroy, such as can strike through the loins of all Opponents. And care is to be had, that as weapons should be made serviceable, so they should be made with all the Art that can be, to usher in death the speediest way.  
It was the saying of Queen Elizabeth, That she never fared better, than when she kept the Spaniard out at dagger's point: So it may be said in all wars, 'tis never better with our Armies, than when we keep the Enemy at Distance; so that though he hath a desire to make attempts, yet knowing our Forces to be well armed, he shell nor dare to make approaches.  
The old Grecians had usually the advantage of their Enemies by virtue of their weapons: so 'tis known, that the Romans could not have subjugated so many Countries and Provinces had they not had great advantage of warlike Instruments more than of Numbers: And 'tis judged by able men, that the Norman Duke at Battle-Abbey won the day, and so the crown, by the excellency of his weapons; his Shields being made large for defence, and having a Pike of sharpened Iron withoutside to wound and gore; so that they were his arrows and Shields that made Harrolld and so many thousands of our Nation to fall slain in that place. Invention herein is commendable: who knows not how Archimedes' in Syracuce by skilful Engines by him made and invented, battered the Roman ships so, that Marcellus and all his stout Romans were struck with amaze? And as worthy of perpetual memory is that of King Henry the Eight before the Maiden-town of Boulogne, which device so daunted the Citizens, that at sight of his Engines they yielded themselves and the town to the King's mercy.  
Now let us examine whether or no the Pike be a weapon of that worth and excellency, that it can keep off the Enemy with any kind of terror? or whether the multitude of them doth not rather hearten and hasten on the Enemy to assault? First, it is manifest that of itself it cannot keep off neither Pistols nor muskets: for, in case the Horse pretend an onset are not Commands given out presently to the Divisions of muskets to draw out certain files to beat off the horse which are fallen on the Pikes: and certain it is, that should not the Pikes this way be speedily relieved, what a fearful slaughter would the enemy's Horse make, and what a speedy havoc of our Pikes, without any prejudice to their own Bodies or danger to their Horses: and cannot their muskets do as much? And certainly I should account it but folly in the Enemy (if he doth outstrip us in Horse, or in Foot-forces) not to set upon our Pikes: for who can hinder him from taking advantages? or why should not he make entrance at the weakest place? But now mark the inconvenience that follows: If it be demanded, who beats off their Horse? you will say, our muskets: then to what purpose serve the Pikes, but to cause many others to fall for coming in to help them? but that's not all neither; for, may not the sudden alteration of a form battle cause an overthrow of the whole? for while there are muskets drawn out of all Regiments to relieve the Pikes, doth not their drawing out weaken the strength of that Body out of which they came, which perhaps was before overmatched in numbers of the enemy's shot? and what is this but to draw out a great deal of good blood from a Body which may quickly perish for want of it?  
But yet further; if it be said our Pikes keep off, or beat off the enemy's Horse, why then do they retreat for our muskets? or why do they not set upon our Musquetiers? or why need there be such sending for our muskets to free the Pikes? for they were set upon, and were in danger, not the muskets: and they were not able of themselves to spoil the Enemy, or safeguard themselves. Now I shall easily prove all this to be true, by this demonstration.  
Admit we come 700. men into the field, thus ordered: 300. Pikes, 300. Musquetiers, and 100 Horse: The Enemy also comes with 700. but he hath no Pikes, but embattles with 500 shot, and 200. Horsemen; will any now conclude, that because we are as many in Number as they, and as old, experienced, resolute Soldiers as they, caeterisque paribus, that therefore thus ordered, we are able to maintain fight with them? That we are not, I will prove.  
First, the Enemy hath 100 Horse to play with ours, and another 100 to play upon our Pikes, or to join with their other troop to rout our horsemen, which to all likelihood they may being joined in one, being 200. for 100 which if they do, may they not then entertain service against our Pikes, who at that pinch must be relieved, for they cannot help themselves against Pistol bullets, but must fall down shot in their ranks and Files, without our aid: Now the Enemy surmounts our numbers in shot when we are at most, being 500 to 300. Admit we send 100 from 300. Musquetiers, (which are as few as can be sent against such a power of Horse) but indeed too many to be sent from their fellows; hath not the Enemy great advantage to be 500 Musquetiers against 200. or else may he not spare an 100 of his muskets to play against ours who are sent to relieve our Pike-men, and yet have the better against us, being still 400. against 200. and also be as able to foil our Pikes as before.  
Or admit, secondly, that we have 400. Muskets, 200. Pikes and 100 Horse: and that the Enemy hath 600. Muskets, and 100 Horse: Are we in this state able to oppose them? It shall appear briefly that we are not. Grant that our Horse answer theirs, yet may they not draw out 100 of their shot to foil our Pikes, which will presently be effected, and yet have (to all probability) the better of our Musquetiers, being 500 against 400.  
Now, in both these cases, if we be overcome and beaten, (as what hopes are there else, but that we shall?) I demand who were the cause? Let us suppose no defect in the Officers for matter of Direction or encouragement; (nor any other advantage of wind, or Sun, or Ground:) yet who may not easily perceive, that our great numbers of Pikes did procure our overthrow and ruin? For, what offence did our Pikes, or could they do? none: Nay, they were not only unable to offend, but as unfit to defend: so, that in plain troth, they neither did hurt to the Enemy, nor good to themselves: this is as true in an Army consisting of many Thousands, as in one of certain Hundreds. And certainly, our Forces may at all times defend themselves, and effect more against Enemies for the glory of our Nation, if they shall increase their Musquetiers, and lessen or take away their Pikes; for the imperial forces scarce have any: nor do Soldiers desire to be troubled with that kind of weapon; all are proud of their muskets, which yield more command to them than Pikes, and bring in more plenty of pillage.  
Now briefly, for the second, It may appear to all, that our multitude of Pikes hearten the Enemy to charge: for, will it not be an encouragement, to fight against such who only take, but cannot give wounds, whenas the Enemy perceives that he can come on, or go off without danger of death to himself, and by discharging at his pleasure sink his Adversary even at his best posture for resistance: for, may it not be said of the pikeman, that he would have killed his Enemy if his Pike would have reached him, or if he could have come at him? This was that that made the imperial forces so desperately often set upon our work because they knew it for certain, that we usually manned them with as many Pikes as muskets. But I suppose I have spoken enough of this to satisfy any judicious Soldier: And it is wished, that our Officers would augment their Musquetiers, they would find that in any service they would be able to perform more than other ways they can, or formerly have done: and it must needs give spirit to the Leaders, when they know that they have no cyphers, but all such Blades as thunder out death to their Enemies at large distance: It would prove also to the honour of their Prince, and Credit of themselves.   

SECT. VIII. To have equal numbers of Pikes to muskets, or to have such great numbers of them, is a great Charge, and a loss to the Prince that sets them forth.  
THough there be sundry Arguments to confirm this subject, yet I hold this not to be the least: For, considering the care that every one in particular aught to have towards the good of his Prince, it's held, that those which are entrusted in public services of war, are bound especially to study, and lay down conclusions, how they may keep their sovereign freest from damages, seeing all the members strive and endeavour to defend their Head: and for certain, such may be termed Cauponantes Bellum, who aim rather at their private gains, than their Prince's benefit. Now it shall plainly appear, that it is a great charge to a State to set forth as many Pikes as muskets in public services against an Enemy.  
For first, the price of the furniture for a pikeman runs higher than that of a Musquetier; the one is, and may be completely now put in arms fit for service for betwixt 22s. or 24s. at most; the other scarce under the rate of 35s. even for the meanest and slightest sort of Armour. Now suppose the Army going out consists of 20000 men, half Musquetiers, and half Pikemen; the charge to the Prince for muskets will amount to, if valued at 22s. the head, 11000l. or if at 24s. the man, to 12000l. But the charge for Pikes at 25s. apiece, will rise to the sum of 17500l. at the lowest; so that had they all been Musquetiers, there had been 5500l. saved to the Prince's coffers: hence it is, evident, that there is a whole weeks pay reserved for the number of 20000 men, and 1500l. overplus, at the rate of 5s. the week for a Soldiers pay: and who can deny, but that this course is advantageous to a State?  
But now, if any shall say, But we will not have Pikes equal for number with muskets, but let there be 15000. Muskets, and only 5000. Pikes: yet who knows not that the rate and charges still holds proportionably? For, 5000 pike-mens' furniture will amount to as much as will set forth 8000. Musquetiers: the charge for the one (being after 35s. the man) coming to 8750l. And the cost for 8000. Musquetiers coming (after the rate of 22s.) but to 8800l. in all: So that there is in arming out 5000. Pikes, as much disbursed as would have set out 8000. Musquetiers, within one 50ls. only, which is nothing. Now were not the Musquetiers more necessary, it was something to the purpose; but if they be not, why should their numbers be allowed for advantageous? Or if the Pikes be not so excellent, Parcatur sumptui, 'tis then good to save charges; or if not, yet to lay out moneys for those Arms which are most useful.  
Then secondly, when both are ready furnished, and completely armed; the maintaining the Pike with its furniture, is a great deal more costly than that of the musket: And though care be had by the Soldier (which is rare) yet what by casualties and accidents, he can scarce ever be at all points ready; and then if his furniture do fail, it is harder and costlier to be repaired and mended then the musket: For proof hereof, is it not manifest that Rainy weather rusts and spoils a Corslet, but not a musket; or any little blow, or sudden touch many times breaks off a Pikes head, which makes it altogether unserviceable; as also the tases, with the hooks, buckles, and other materials, are quickly broke; and than the Corslet is unfitting for defence and unseemly to wear.  
Add to these inconveniences, That to be put upon long and quick Marches in hot Summer weather, with arms complete as well for Pike as for Corslet, (and Soldiers are subject, and liable to such duties,) cannot but be wonderful burdensome, and the more by reason of the excessive heat which he is forced to suffer, being (as I may so say) imprisoned in his arms; whereas the Musquetier marches with a great deal of liberty, and is free and open to the air, which is no small benefit and happiness to him upon such occasions: And as these arms are more cumbersome to the Soldier, so they are the more chargeable for carriage; for they take up, and employ more wagons, waggoniers, and horses for draught, neither can they belayd up so closely or safely as muskets may.  
And as the Pike outvies the musket for charge and cumbersomeness, so they cause more loss than muskets; for though there go as many out, yet there come fewer home: for, let the Officers lay ne'er so strict a charge upon the Soldiers for preservation of arms, yet (upon advantages and opportunities offered) what by their running away, and what by their weariness upon long and hot marches, and so not recovering the Army again (being often cut off by the boors, or Enemies parties that wait upon such occasions, or dying in the place there) many Pikes and Corslets are lost daily, and miscarry; which casualties, as they are a weakening to an Army, so they prove a loss to the Prince: for, I suppose, the captains would be unwilling to answer the charges of all arms that are lost these ways; neither indeed is it fitting that they should: for notwithstanding all their care and vigilancy, yet these inconveniences do, and will often happen in great Armies and long marches. The best course that I know how to remedy this loss and damage, is, to furnish the Soldiers with Arms that are cheaper, lighter for carriage, and such as Soldiers will not be easily persuaded to part withal; and them (I hold) to be good muskets, and half-pikes.   

SECT. ix.. That if the Pike be still retained, yet to have all the Pike-men to be as well experienced in the use of the musket, as of the Pike.  
HAving sufficiently proved the Pike to be unuseful in military occasions in the precedent Sections, I now come to show one Particular, which is necessary to be put in practice, which is this; That in case for the present there shall not be a full discharge of the Pike, yet it is fit that all the Pike-men should be expert and able to use the musket upon any need or occasion; which may be confirmed for these considerations following.  
First, that in case our Musquetiers be too few in number for the Enemy, that then by this means they may have supplies near them to give them assistance; and 'tis but equity for one member to relieve another, and as much as it can to afford ease and supportment to its fellow. Now, 'tis not fit that the Musquetier should perform duty oftener, or harder than his Comrades; which yet he must needs do in marchings, Convoyings, Sallyings, &c. except the pikeman upon occasion afford ease by exchanging his Corslet for a musket.  
Secondly, Suppose we match and equalise the Enemy in troops of Horse, then for certain there need not be any divisions of Pikes; for what shall they perform, when there are none to make opposition against them? And by this means we shall much increase our volleys of shot, which are indeed the glory and strength of our Army, and the only instruments to daunt the Enemy.  
Then thirdly, Is it not a great benefit to go often out upon convoys, and Parties? And comes there not profit by freedom of pillaging, upon lawful Command, in an enemy's Country? And who acts these services but the firelock and Musquetier? For the pikeman may play the part of a good huswife, stay at home upon expectation what the musket will bring in; but cannot fetch in any thing of, or by himself: so that unless (out of charity) the Musquetier be pleased to give him some part of his booty, he must either buy, or else want it; which he needed not have done, had he been furnished with the like weapons: this I have known to be true, in many places where our Leaguer hath been: And to speak truth, the boors and Peasants of the Country are not terrified to yield their goods at the command of Pike-men; but will, and have made resistance (even to the loss of our men's lives) with their loap-staves, and other Country weapons, because they have not seen muskets to force their obedience and subjection.  
And to conclude; do not Pikemen, by being tied only to that sort of arms, offer great injury to their Prince, to themselves, to their fellows? For, is it not an injury to take pay, and yet do not half so much labour and service as others? Why should they be maintained with equal pay to Musquetiers, whenas they undergo not half such hazards? nor yet do any notable exploit against the Enemy? For, let any one by experience speak it; when any skirmish or set battle hath, in these latter times, been ended, (upon the view of dead carcases) have there been found any quantity, or great numbers, who have received their deaths by the wounds given by Pikes? the slaughter being made, for the most, now with muskets, Carbines, Pistols and Swords. Now is it fit or just, that such chargeable Numbers should be kept on foot for doing nothing, in respect of others?  
And the injury is little less which they do to themselves: for in any public service they stand exposed to as much danger, nay many times to more than divers others do; for while they are not able to offend, they are fit to be offended; and though they cannot send death to others, yet others can send it to them: Now is not this a wrong done to themselves, that although they be valorous and able men, yet they willingly bind themselves to such arms as are not offensive, and will rather be killed in them than leave them for others which would much more beat off their foes, to the safety, perhaps, of the whole Army, and to the greater security of their own persons.  
Then lastly, The injury is great (if strictly considered) which they offer to others; for whereas they put great confidence in them (as I believe they may for matter of courage and faithfulness;) yet they must needs fail their hopes upon necessity, in regard the arms which they use, are not able to perform any great service: Now, their safety consists in the well coming off of the Musquetiers; for they failing, how long can these hope to stand sure? The Enemy will quickly command their throats at his mercy, if once the musket be foiled. And therefore to uphold the forces decaying and lessening, 'tis fit, that at least the Pike-men should have so much art, as to know how to handle the musket as well as the Pike, skill and experience being no burden to the master; and the advantage and benefit which may come by thi● practice, being so great and weighty.  
Let us now come to answe● all the Arguments that are made for the defence of the Pike.   

SECT. X. Answers to the Arguments that have been, and that are now made, in, and for the defence of the Pike, in these times.  
I Know I shall not want Opponents; for a point of thi● Nature, at first, seems like a project; every man will have an ill conceit of it, and as many as can will cry it down, though they know not well what it is, or why they do so. As first, I suppose,  
Object. What's he that set it out to the world, and is never able to prove it? or the like. To which I answer,  
First, That I am Iure Anglico, Accademico, Sacro, Bellico, Religioni, Principi, Patriae, Marti, Mercurio addictissimus: In plain English, more I am not, less I am not.  
Now, why I had need to do it, appears, first, In that all the writers of martial affairs have kept silence in this one particular; and is it not lawful for me to make a discovery of what may in time conduce to the general good of our Nation? A Mine of Gold is not therefore to be disliked, because 'twas no sooner found out: nor is any good thing therefore to be disparaged, because it's lately disclosed.  
Then secondly, knowing by Experience, that in foreign services our Nation hath been disabled to perform such execution as they might, in regard of the great multitude, and extraordinary number of Pikes which are put into our Regiments, whereas the Enemy consists most of muskets, and usually outstrips us in Numbers; and so hath performed more against us, than we could against him.  
Now, that I am able to prove it, let but any Martialist read this Discourse, and lay aside all prejudicacy of Opinion; I doubt not, if he please to speak truth, (as a true-bred Soldier should do) but that he will allow my Positions to be just, and advantageous to public services. To come now to the Arguments which seem to plead for the necessity of Pikes.  
Arg. 1. Some argue the Pike to be full of Necessity, because of its Antiquity; and 'tis pity (say they) that a weapon which hath been so generally approved of, and used with such applause for so many hundreds of years should now be left off, seeing that it was used in Military occasions before the musket was ever thought upon. To which I thus reply:  
I will, and do ingenuously confess, that the Pike hath the privilege of the musket in respect of its Antiquity: But that's no safe conclusion, to say that all old things are the best, and that 'tis pity to leave off an old custom, merely because 'tis so. Indeed, where Antiquity holds correspondency with present usefulness, and when old things retain their former necessity and benefit in after Ages, I hold they are not to be slighted, but honoured and retained: But wherein 'tis found by experience, that the aftertimes have outstripped the former, and that the latter Inventions are most excellent and useful, then sure 'tis no Policy to be tied to the practice of our forefathers. For example: Was not the Caliver & Flasques all in use of late; but who knows not that the musket and Bandileeres are now more easy, safe, and needful. So, was not the Lance of prime excellence amongst horsemen, yet now who will not prefer the Carbine and pistols? So crossbows were used in Sea-fights, but now the thundering bullets of culverin and Demi-Canons gave discharged them. The Bow and Arrow, what a renowned weapon, and for long time how terrible, how victorious? yet not at all now used, but for recreation; though much more may be said for that then for the Pike. So that it is plain, that the Pike is not therefore to be still used, only because it is so ancient a kind of weapon: But that as occasions vary, so it may be either not used so much, or else not at all.  
Arg. 2. There be divers that plead for the Pike, because it doth (say they) keep off the enemy's Horse; and this they verily conclude is undeniable: nay, some are so confident of the truth of this, that they have hereby disclosed to men of experience and trial, that they themselves never were in any real service: hereupon they conclude the Pike to be as good and necessary in earnest, as it seems to be in jest. Well, I shall easily remove this strongly received Opinion.  
This is surely grounded upon Tradition; and true it is, that in former times when the winged Cavalry were fenced with sword and lance only, than the Pike had that virtue to keep off their invading Horse, because the Lance was made 4. feet shorter than the Pike, the Pike being 16. and the Lance being but 12 foot long: So that of necessity, if the horsemen intended execution upon them, they could not choose but hazard themselves, or horses, or both. But now the Horse having left off the Lance, and using their Pistols and Carbines in place of it, which can kill and sink 120 yards off, and above; I would desire to know, whether it be any wisdom or safety to stand charged with Pikes only against pistol bullets? for now the Horse having that advantage, need not approach so near, as to endanger their own bodies, or their Horses: And therefore it is high time for the Pike-men to look after another weapon, which can and will better defend themselves, and offend their Enemies, than their Pikes can do. That's for the clearing that objection.  
Arg. 3. There be others that come in with another kind of Argument to supply (as indeed they had need) the former tenants: For they say, 'tis true indeed, that the Pikes alone of themselves cannot keep off the Horse; but being well lined and seconded with shot, than they can: and therefore they are very necessary in public services.  
Now mark what the conclusion of this will be: For if the Musquetiers beat off the Horse with their shot, what service do the Pikes all that while, but only stand for ciphers? and being unable to offend the Enemy, or by themselves to defend their own, are fain to be succoured by the musket. Now can that be held an useful and necessary weapon, which of itself can neither offend the Invader, nor yet defend the Manager? I proceed.  
Arg. 4. Others maintain, that the Pike is the most valorous kind of fight, and the truest distinguisher of courageous Spirits: for (say they) men are killed by the musket a great way off, and that now there is little or no manhood tried in the wars, because any young stripling may with a musket kill the ablest and stoutest man in an Army; or such who at handy-blows (suppose with Browne-bills, Swords, or Pikes) would be able to beat down three or four such Punies: and therefore not the musket, but the Pike is the courageous manner of fight. I shall answer this briefly.  
Is the Pike therefore the more valorous kind of weapon, because it plays closer and nearer than the muskets usually do? I trow not: for the close-fight may be performed by necessity; and for certain, that man will never fight stoutly when the Enemy is near, who dare not fight with him when he is at a good distance: and I shall ever approve him to be of spirit good enough, and man able enough, who dare look his Enemy in the face, notwithstanding the great and murdering volleys of his shot. And it hath been seen, when young striplings have upon Commands gone resolutely forth by Sallies, in a dark, cold, blustering, rainy, tempestuous night, whenas a lusty, tall pikeman hath been glad that he hath had such arms allotted him, which kept him from such dangerous Onsets. Nay, upon sudden alarms in the Night, when the sergeants have come to fetch men out of all Companies to march out, with their usual word, Up Musquetiers up; 10. or more out of every Company: At these times the lusty and able pikeman hath said, Well, I would not be a Musquetier, I am glad of my Corslet, I had rather lie still in my Quarters, let the Musquetiers get the honour, I desire it not at such times as this is: this hath been the language of the supposed valorous Pike-men, and I believe that they spoke as they thought. Now what hinders, but that a young man may have as good a heart as a tall able man of person or limbs? Valour, as it is not tied or confined to the bulk, so neither to the age; little men and young men may be vigorous & active, when great Bodies may be more dull and slow for action: the spirits in the one being (as I may so say) imprisoned, desire always to break out into performances: but in the other they have such a spacious liberty within, that they never urge to break forth: hence 'tis commonly seen and allowed for truth, that little persons are the most nimble, fittest, and readiest for any weighty employment or hazards.  
And again, what matters it whether a man kill or be killed at a great distance, or hard by, so that he either gives satisfaction to his Enemy, or else receives it from him. And I say further, that suppose the Sword and Pike be such a valorous kind of fight as is pretended, yet before this can be performed all parties must be first agreed; the Enemy must also be persuaded to leave or lessen his muskets, and come and fight with us nearer hand with Pikes; which will prove a difficult point to compass: for, what have we to do to tie or bind our Enemies to be conformable to our practice and customs? He, I do verily believe, will in such cases be his own Carver, and at his own free choice: so that if he finds that he prevails most against us with muskets, he will not be brought to use the Pike: So that AEnaeas speech to Turnus is out of date,— Pugnandum est comminus Armis. That's for satisfaction for that Argument.  
Arg. 5. But, say some, what that's strange, is the Pike unuseful? Alas, who knows not but that the Musquetiers may have spent all their powder and shot, and then woe unto us if it were not for our Pikes.  
This seems to be an uncontrollable Argument at the first view: but let it be well examined, and it will prove otherwise. For certain, wise generals will not present themselves with their Armies for encounter, without sufficient furniture; and not one Musquetier of a hundred, who is not sped before he have emptied all his charges upon his enemy. And in case all our powder and shot were spent, I desire to know what great exploits our Pikes could perform, for they would be altogether unfitting to keep off the enemy's bullets? How long would they be able to stand it out, if once we had done? It is certain that they would be reserved as a remnant for prisoners, or else for present slaughter, if the Enemy should deny them Quarter: for there would be little hopes to see the Enemies shot beaten out of the field by our Pike-men: 'twould prove a wonder to see or hear of such a kind of victory purchased by Pikes: this would indeed make some plea for them. But when or where was ever that heard of? Dic quibus in terris? So that that Argument is no ways valid and firm.  
Arg. 6. There be yet others who are very stiff to prove that the Pike is of singular virtue and excellency in Trenches to keep the Enemy off, and to hinder him from entering forceably upon us in our works.  
Now this was good if it could be made good▪ but in services 'tis clean otherways: for 'tis certain if the Enemy have a mind to visit us in our Trenches, may he not the easilier enter by reason of our Pikes? for they stand in the place of a Musquetier, and fill up his room and yet cannot do any thing against an Enemy, unless at a proportioned distance only: Now, if indeed the enemy's muskets had but power to kill at the like, than the Pike might effect his desire against him, but who knows not but that the Enemy may stand off, and yet send death to the Pikes in case they show their heads above the Trenches.  
Arg. 7. In the last place, there be many that hold that the Pikes are of singular use now, because there is much mention made of them in Sacred Writ; for, say they, for certain they would not have been used by such men, and recorded in such a place, had they not had admirable virtue for management.  
This seems to carry weight and force with it; and 'tis certain that often mention is made of the Pike or spear, and spearmen: Job speaking of the great Leviathan, says that the Sword cannot touch him, nor will he rise for the spear nor Habergeon: And the Prophet David hath it, The multitude of the spearmen, and such as delight in war: And that Convoy which the chief captain sent along with St. Paul to bring him safe to Faelix, had 200 soldiers, 70 horsemen, and 200 spearmen: And our blessed Lord's side was pierced with a spear. All this is true; and yet it will not make for the Pike now.  
For though it was then used, it may first be doubted whether they were the same in form as ours are, some reading Darts for spears: But admit they were, yet 'tis unquestionable but that they were maintained by others also; so that both parties used them in fight, and so there was no disadvantage in them, but they might be serviceable, if they that managed them wanted neither skill nor courage: and in this respect there may be as much said for the use of great Shields and Bucklers; yet they are not used nor desired, unless by some persons of great eminency and quality, who have them carried by their Pages, more for state then use.  
Secondly, we see that the face of war, and form of weapons alter almost every day every Nation striving to outstrip each other in excellency of weapons: So that if it be found that other weapons are more forcible and prevalent in services than Pikes or Spears, 'tis not to be denied but that they may be left, and others entertained: So that as Horace said of old words, Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula si volet usus, may be said of Pikes; After times having privilege to use what weapons they find most necessary for Defence and Offence; that being true, that if one kind of meat will not serve the stomach, any wise man will make choice of another; and if one kind of tool will not perfect our work, we may use and choose that which will.  
So having answered all the Arguments that are urged for the defence of the Pike, I will shut up this Tract with a Compendious discourse of the musket and half-pike; wherein it shall appear to all that please to read it, how useful and excellent a weapon it is to be managed by one person, and that with great ease and safety, as shall appear.   

SECT. XI. A compendious and brief Commendation of the complete and expert use of the musket and half-pike.  
I Thought it not unfitting to end this Subject with adding some praise and commendation to that lately invented weapon of musket and half-pike, above others that are yet extant: And I do it the rather, because it may be as an incitement to our Nation to exercise themselves in this kind of arms. And though it cannot plead Antiquity, yet it may Safety and usefulness: The lateness of its invention being no disablement or disparagement for service; being now with ease, and public applause exercised by generous and heroic martial Spirits. There is not any that ever saw the management of it, but was ready to maintain it, (if he had any skill in, or affection unto Warlike exercises.)  
And I believe I may justly say it, that there can scarce be a fairer conjunction of Offensive and Defensive weapons to be practised by one Soldier with such ease and pleasure, as the musket and half-pike: For what could not (without a great deal of combersomnes) before be practised by Pikes and muskets, may this way be performed by one person, with more safety, and less danger and hazard to the Defendant. The benefit of it may be perceived in these particulars following.  
1. It saves a great deal of charges laid out in arms and Pikes; for a Soldier may be furnished with these for as little as will buy a Pike: so that by this means all the charge for Corslets and Head-pieces may be saved, which in great Armies will amount to a mighty sum of money, and yet do as much service for the Prince as they could before.  
2. Those weapons must needs be excellent which are so advantageous to the Prince: for what need there be any Pike-men, whenas the Musquetier thus armed and accoutred, is able of himself to make good their room: for he by this weapon is able at all times to keep off the Horse if they should offer assaults, and yet give fire as well as otherwise, and be as ready for any sudden execution. Now, in the other, (though it should be said that to Pike-men keep the Horse from running furiously upon our ranks and Files,) yet it cannot be denied, but their own persons are endangered by the enemy's volleys of shot: In this the Horse are kept off, and the persons of the Soldiers secure, and able to revenge themselves freely upon their Adversaries. So that it is plain that there may be as much service done by 1000 Soldiers thus accommodated, as there could before by so many more armed with Pikes.  
3. As 'tis advantageous in the two former respects, so is it as good for ease and safety to the Musquetier: for upon any occasion his half-pike may stand in stead for a Rest, and that used with comeliness and decency, with gracefulness and nimbleness upon all postures as the Rest may, or can be managed: so that if a Rest be accounted comely, decent, graceful, and nimble for a Musquetier, the same may the half-pike, because it hath all these qualifications: but yet it is not only serviceable as a Rest, but it is also full of safety to his person: for a Division of Musquetiers cannot be entered upon by any Horse-forces, because they stand barricadoed, as it were, within so many steeled Pallizadoes: and may by a little retreat give fire to the utter destroying of such as shall dare to affront them: they being so made that they are fitting to fasten in any earth; and so light that they are carriagable in any place; and to any man of arms useful upon almost all occasions.  
4. Whereas most opposition, stoutest resistances, and greatest hazards are made in entering breaches, (for usually most blood is spent there in defence and offence, every one there aiming either to gain or die;) it is manifest that this weapon cannot choose but be of singular use: for (if managed with a stout heart, and a strong arm) it will force passage through the bodies of the Enemy; there being no resistance made against the Assailants, but with eminent danger of the Defendants lives.  
5. Soldiers desire such weapons usually, which stand them in the most general stead; and such as they can use in any place, or upon any service. Now 'tis certain that the musket and half-pike are of that general use, that they may be practised and managed upon all convoys, skirmishes, Retreats, Sallies, Onslaughts, &c. For convoys, no safer posture for the Musquetier can be, then to be impaled within such fences and Barricadoes: and 'tis impossible that any troops of Horse can enter, before the Musquetiers can so fortify themselves: for 'tis no great toil or difficulty, but may quickly and speedily be performed, and can vary, alter, or change any way as the Enemy shall wheel about; so that the rear may be as safe as the Front, and the Flanks as either.  
And as it is good for convoys, so 'tis excellent in skirmishes, for it fights with quickness, advantage, and safety: and if they please to maintain their ground, who can force them to leave it? or if they be minded to retreat, who can gain any thing by the pursuit? So that the Musquetiers thus armed, go on with advantage, fight with terror, and retreat with honour. So for Sallies and Onslaughts, which are desperate kind of services, none go out with so much hopes to speed, as men so guarded; being (as I may justify it) two Soldiers in one person. And there is no such spur to make Soldiers valorous in Execution, as the the knowledge of the advantage they have of their Enemies by the excellency of their weapons.  
Briefly; for the 〈◊〉 of this is better for Practice than Discourse: It cannot be denied, but that the musket and half-pike is easily purchased, and as quickly for exercise to be learned: any Soldier may as soon be expert in the use of it, as he can of musket and Rest; nay sooner, if his corporal or Commander have any skill to drill him to it. And (I say) let any one that either doubts of, or objects any thing against the excellency and benefit of this kind of weapon, give but that martial Plot of ground, the Artillery Garden, a visit; and he shall and may receive ample satisfaction to all his demands: For 'tis not to be questioned, but that the present and aftertimes w●●● speak in praise of, and justify the Invention as rare, and as yet I am sure by none paralelld: And 'tis to be wished that it was once generally known to our Nation; for the practice of it would prove wondrous advantageous. This I have spoken without flattery; for I would not do so Noble and heroic a Soldier as the Inventor is, nor yet myself, that injury; Flattery being no ways compatible either to our, or their Profession. But I thought it an injury to so worthy a Member, if (notwithstanding all hit labour and ingenuity, together with his charges) either He, or the Weapon should have been slighted or forgotten: It being a high degree of base Ingratitude, not to be thankful for such general benefits. But I have done; leaving both his dextrous Invention, and this Discourse to men of judgement in arms.   

SECT. XII. The Testimony of Brancatio that famous Commander, concerning the disability of the Pike. In his Art Military, Pag. 7.  
THE Pike is the evident ruin of those that trust in is, others defend it, though it bethought to defend others; for, it offends not, neither near nor far off.  
Again, p. 8. & 10. The Turks use not the Pike, nor will be brought to practise it; because it is the most unserviceable Arms used in field Champain, as by infallible experience, and by the great, manifold, and too late victories gained over those Christians who too much trusted in that weapon, is manifestly known. So was the K. of Portugal overthrown in Africa, by having grand squadrons of Pikes; and so, the vast divisions of High-dutch and Swissers Pikemen have rendered the Italian Regiments weaker than they would have been with Harquebuziers: and Charles the 8. K. of France brought the first Pikes into Italy.  
And pag. 105. lib. 5. he saith, This settled Opinion, and so maintained even to this present, is in my opinion false, and of no moment, with pardon to those whom it may concern: for that the Pike is the weakest arms in the field, how many soever they be; and much worse against the Turks and other Nations, more powerful in Horse (for which they are held to be good) which is not against Christians, and the reason is this. The pike offends not a far off, nor near, except we come to the encounter; it cannot make great way, nor pursue an Enemy; when it retires cannot make you master of the field; they cannot be divided from their squadrons, nor pillage with terror, they cannot force a street, guard a passage speedily, give a Camisado of a sudden, escarmouch or to make an assault, and to use diligence on a March, with other feats of war. And p. 106. he saith, That for these last 40 years, the Turks have gained upon the Hungarians & other Christians (sempre in Ongaria) because they placed only great divisions of Switzish and High Dutch Pike-men to keep off the Turkish vast troops of Horse, being armed with harquebuses and Pistols: so that by this means that Nation is almost brought under the Turkish slavery. So that battle of Ceresola renders a good proof of the weakness of the Pike-service. And John Frederick Duke of Saxony in Almaigne, and Peter Strozzi in Tuscany were defeated in regard of their abundance of Pikes. Likewise Paul the 4 at Rome, so also at the battle of S. Quintines: and the marshal of Termes. I say nothing (saith he) of the Army of the Lord Cherche, nor of the battle of Dreus in France, and of Moncountor; all which proved fatal to their Leaders, and were despised by their Enemies, because their mainest bodies were none but Pikes. Thus this great warrior gives his judgement of this weapon the Pike: which to a wise Commander is of great authority.  
FINIS.