Dr. Franciscus de le Boe Silvius OF Childrens Diseases: Given in a familiar style for weaker capacities. WITH AN APPARATUS OR Introduction explaining the Author's Principles: As also a TREATISE OF THE RICKETS.  
By R. G. Physician.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hip. Rectè curaturum, quem prima origo Causae non fefellerit. Celsus de Med. 
London, Printed for George Downs at the Three Flower de Luce's in Fleetstreet, over against St. Dunstan's Church. 1682.   

THE Epistle Dedicatory.  
To the Right Worshipful Sir Nathaniel Johnson Mayor, Sir Robert Shafto Recorder, Sir Ralph Carr, Sir Ralph Jennison; Henry Brabant, Timothy Davison, Robert Roddam, Matthew Jeffreyson, George Norton, Timothy Robson, Nicholas Fenwick, Esquires, Aldermen; Joseph Bonner Esquire, Sheriff.  
SIRS,  
YOu need not impute it to any other reason, besides your own virtues, that I have presumed to shroud these weak labours under the Wings of your Patronage: For though the smallness of the work may seem to argue too much Ambition in the Author, yet the greatness of your favours, makes it a duty indispensible to  
Your obliged and humble Servant, Richard Gower. From the Spittle in Newcastle upon Tine.   

THE APPARATUS.  
1. THAT this Book might be the more beneficial, I have (not as in translating the Author's first Book) omitted many repetitions 
* In Chap. 5.34 Sections are left out, in others several. , as also reflections upon his Antagonists, avoided many terms of Art, giving them in a plainer dress, not confining myself to a verbal Translation: yet without any material alteration or omission.  
2. And that his First Book of Practice, together with this Treatise of Childrens Diseases, may be plain to an ordinary capacity, have explained some of his Terms and set down his Principles, which being well weighed, will lead you to a true and right understanding of any of his writings.  
3. Also, that I may not be shor● in this my bounty, if any difficulty be found either in the Theory o● Practice, I am freely willing by Word or Writing to clear it unto any, although I have added Marginal notes.  
4. Yet if any, as I know many, will snarl at me for this my candour, Envy moves them, I value it not: For seeing in our Country men generally are permitted a liberty to practise, and in the words of Hypocrates, have no other punishment for their Errors than Disgrace: It will appear that I wish well unto the public, when I would have them well instructed. Nay further, I doubt not but many will censure me, who yet will be glad of this help. And as I know it is the best 
* See the Author's Preface to his First Book.  guide a Physician can have; so I am the more bold to venture my credit upon it.  
5. Aromatical Plants are such as have a fragrant smell, as Mint, Balm, etc.  
6. Fermentation is that change which meat undergoes in the Ventricle (or Stomach): called of old Digestion or Concoction. Not unlike that of Wheat with Leaven, it's slower having a proportion of Spirits, Salt and Sulphur, which being moistened, every of those Particles are wrought upon by the Leaven, as the parts of our food are wrought upon by the Conflux of humours in the Stomach, thereby losing their toughness; It being an approved Maxim in Chemistry, that Where Salts of different natures meet, they work upon one another: as you may see in §. 10. below: Our meat thus fermented is called Chyle. We take it for granted, that the humour (or humours) which cause this fermentation in the Stomach comes not from the Spleen, seeing no passage from the Spleen to the Stomach could ever be demonstrated in Anatomy; as Dr. Willis 
* De Ferment. Cap. 5.  confesses, though to his disadvantage; thence judging it probable, that the remainder of Chyle in the Stomach being soured by its abode there, ferments the meat next eaten; a very unlikely notion, and below a man of his fame; as though between every it could grow so sour as to ferment the next, as Leaven does the Dough: Surely he has not used the rule of proportion right, to take hours for days or weeks.  
7. That meat rightly ferment, its parts must first be lose, and ready to be disjoined from one another, thus chewing helpeth fermentation. Hard, tough and dried meat digest slowly: Bread and moist food soon: Beer, Broth and any liquid thing sooner. Wine, Strong drink, etc. especially warmed, soon; yea, they are too quick for Fermentation, nourishing the body in an instant.  
8. Secondly, It must neither be too raw, nor too ripe. If the first, its active parts are not freed easily from the thicker, and so move not, without which Fermentation cannot be: thus green fruits are not fit for eating, or to make drink of. If the latter, it inclines to putrefaction, the volatile parts leaving the rest: thus over-ripe fruits are not fit to make liquors of, because they soon putrify or rot: and if eaten, breed Worms, as do the green.  
9 Thirdly, It must consist of parts different in nature, as it were making a confusion in the whole: some parts opposing others, which cause motion, each different part contending with other for dominion. Whereas if it consist all of one Element, it is quiet and still, and cannot oppose itself. As all our meat has Spirit, Salt and Sulphur in it, though not so sensible to taste, as demonstrable by Chemistry: So the humours of our body consisting of different principles (as you may see below) and being in constant motion to the Stomach, where it meets with our meat; cause a confused and unexpressible effervescency both with each other, and also with our food.  
10. An Effervescency is an opposition (like unto boiling) of two contrary liquors, as may be seen by mixing Oil of Vitriol (a sharp sour liquor) and Spirit of Sal Armoniac (a Lee Salt) together, which will also heat the Glass wherein they are. So the juice of the Sweetbread of a Sour, and Choler of a Lee-Salt; these two I say meeting in the Stomach fight thus together, and raise an effervescency, by which (with fresh supply) continued, our meat is digested.  
11. Choler is bred of the Oily and Lee-Salt parts of the blood, and separated from it in the Liver; from thence carried into a Bladder, or little bag joined to the Liver, and whose office is to contain it, sending much of it through one passage to the small Gut and Stomach; and a little of it through another passage to the Heart.  
12. The juice of the Sweetbread proceeds from the sour part of the Blood, and is separated from it in the kernels of the Sweetbread, which like a cushion are placed under the Stomach: This juice is conveyed through many small passages into a middle (the great) passage, along which it continually moves into the Gut. It and Choler having but one open into the Gut about three fingers breadth of the Stomach.  
13. Spittle or Lympha (whence the Lymphatic passages) and liquor Nervosus therein is much of the nature of the juice of the Sweetbread, but not so sour, yet promotes fermentation in the Stomach, though it be rather insipid in healthy people. It moves through a small passage at each jaw into the mouth; of it is bred Phlegm in the Stomach and Guts, daubed and as it were plastered about their insides.  
14. The Small and upper Guts are Duodenum, twelve fingers breadth long: Jejunum, that is, hungry, being mostwhat empty: Ileon, whence Iliack Passion, commonly called, twisting of this Gut.  
15. The Thick Guts are Caecum, above an inch long; Colon, a long Gut wherein is the Colic; Rectum joins to the fundament; out of which the dregss of Chyle are sent by Stool.  
16. When meat is fermented in the Stomach, which is done by the conflux of Choler, Spittle, and the juice of the Sweetbread thither, the lower Orifice (or end) of it opens of itself to admit the Chyle into the Guts, which still receiving more and more of those Humours is better fermented, and by a Natural, called  Motion in the Stomach and Guts, whereby they carry downward any thing that is in them: While Chyle moves thus downward, the finest and best digested parts strain through the pores of the Guts which are unperceivable (so that you may fill a dead bodies Guts with wind, and it cannot get vent): This Chyle got through the Guts moves along the Milky veins, which all meet in a Kernel (called Pancreas Asellii) close to the backbone about the Loins, where it still moves higher in a small passage called Ductus Thoracicus (or rather Spinalis) which always having in it a humour like that of the Sweetbread mixes with it as it goes into the Jugular or Axillar left Vein, and so into the great Hollow Vein, where it mixes with the Blood, with which it goes into those cavities of the Heart called, the Right Ear and Belly of the Heart, and the Vein of the Lungs; out of which being poured through the substance of the Lungs into the Vein of the Lungs, 
Vena & Arter. Palmonal.  it goes on unto the left Ear of the Heart, and its left Ventricle.  
17. So that Chyle gins to be changed into Blood in the Jugular Vein, but is perfected in the les● ventricle of the Heart; where i● opens its passage more and more till by that displaying, the provoke● Heart contracts its Musculous substance by the help of its Animal Spirits which forces the Blood forward mean while raising an Effervescent between the Oily Volatile Salt i● Choler, and the juice of the Sweet● bread; Whereby the various part of the whole are disunited, and loosed from their Fetters, and insinuat themselves into the Oily and Fa●● parts, both of the Blood, and als● of Chyle, as the proper subject o● their Action, rarifying the same and changing the other parts mor● or lesle mixed with them, that our Life may be continued; and Blood moved any whither; repairing all parts of the Body, a● they are perpetually more or lesle confined. And jest this Efferve●ency should over-heart the Blood, ●e Lungs by Air sucked in; mild-temper its heat and warmness.  
18. Blood thus perfected in both ●ellies or Ventricles of the Heart, carried at last through the num●rless Branches of the Aorta or ●eat Artery to all parts of the Bo●●, whereby they are nourished, and out of it, Liquors ●●rther useful or unuseful for ●●eir dispensing in Man's Body, ●●e separated in several places, ●●d again sent back to the Mass 〈◊〉 Blood, or are sent out of the ●ody, while the Blood is in its re●procal and Circular Motion, ●●lled Circulation.  
19 The Great Artery sends two ●anches up to the Head, (the Pulse of which may be felt on each side 〈◊〉 Windpipe) another to each Arm● another along the Backbone; a●● each Thigh; even into every T●● and Finger, nay to every part the body; Still like a Tree, 〈◊〉 further it goes, the more sm●● branches it sends forth to nouri●● every part of the Body.  
20. In the brain, the Ble●● affords matter for the Animal Spir●● which are severed from it in Brain and Cerebellum (or b●der-brain) which is sent all over their continued Marrow as it were a pipe into the Nerves, whereby not only exercise the extern Senses and animal Motion, but t●● humours are all tempered, a●● Seed primarily generated by in the Testicles.  
21. Of the Blood is Spit●● bred, in the kernels of the Jaws: 〈◊〉 the other kernels Lympha; 〈◊〉 the Sweetbread, its juice: 〈◊〉 my Author's opinion) Choler, in 〈◊〉 Bag: In the Kidneys, its wheyish parts go into the Ureters, ●●d so into the Bladder.  
22. As the Blood is conveyed all ●er the body in Arteries to nourish 〈◊〉 and the nourishing blood is thence ●lled arterial blood; so has God wonderfully contrived, that it should sent from every remote part in ●all veins, which grow still big●r and fewer till they come to the ●art, where with fresh Chyle and ●hat humours it there meets with, a constant Effervescency is main●ined.  
23. If this Effervescency be ●ulty, which it always is, when ●y of the aforesaid humours are out of temper; it also makes t● body so. As for Example, if t● Oily Salt in Choler abound, it caus● a Fever; different according to t●● depravation of the juice of the Swee● bread, which by a various efferv●scency produces different effects: that juice be very sour or sharp, causes pains in any part, afflicts by it. If much and tough Phlegm be in the Stomach it dulls the appetite, if in the Guts, it will fen● them against pain, and make Chy●● Phlegmatic, and the blood also If little be there, the Guts will 〈◊〉 the easier gripped. The juice of th● Sweetbread being very sharp, w● cause great Appetite, better digestion than nourishment (whic● more depends on the good temper of Choler) it will gripe th● bowels, and if its sour vapours get to the heart, it will much ●ate the vital Effervescency there, ●●d cause Swouning-fits, etc. Getting to the Brain they will breed the falling-sickness, by pricking the ●erves.  
24. As these Humours are joint●● or severally more affected, and ●uble one part of the body more an another; so, various distempers ●se, too tedious to set down here at ●ge; and which you may see illu●ated in the following discourse, ●●d also in the Author's first book. I shall conclude with telling you, ●t I have exposed my Oily Vo●●ile Salt to sale only at my bro●●rs, Mr. Robert Gower, Apo●●cary, at the Black-spread-Ea●●e in Fleetstreet, and at my booksellers' shop, and in no other ●●ce in London: with printed directions for its use. And fo● satisfaction could be willing to she● any, that I do actually incorporate the Oil and Salt together, and 〈◊〉 not barely Aromatize the Salt, 〈◊〉 many pretenders do; which is 〈◊〉 gross abuse to our Author's Oil Volatile Salt.   

OF Childrens Diseases.  

CHAP. I. Of the JAUNDICE.  
1. WE purpose to treat in order of Diseases that do frequently hap to Infants, and especially in these colder Countries; with God's help, beginning with the Jaundice, which often appears in Infants soon after their birth, and continues for some days, and again by little and little departs.  
2. That Infants may have the Jaundice in their Mother's Womb, is even manifest by this, that sometimes they are born with it, and so may have in themselves its cause before their birth, and be born with it.  

That an Obstruction of Choler, cannot 'cause the Jaundice.  3. But whether an Obstruction of the passage of Choler into the small gut aught to be the cause of the Jaundice, let them see, who own no other: To me it seems not probable, because an obstruction must arise from a tough Humour carried to any Vessel with the Liquor that ordinarily runs through it, and greatly aboundeth in the body, being loosened and dissolved in it, and driven thither; and than growing together there, and so making an obstruction.  

1. In Infant's unborn.  4. Therefore let us see, if such Causes mutually following each other, may likely take place in that Passage in unborn Infants, so as to produce the Jaundice.  
5. First, None can well deny that a Tough Humour may be in Infants not as yet born, that considers, there are many Mothers which do not only abound with tough Phlegm, and have such like Blood; but do daily use, and that to excess, such like Food, which breeds viscous and thick Phlegm. From whence what can be expected, but that Infants born of them, should abound with a Phlegmatic and tough Blood, and all their Humours be very tough and Phlegmatic? so that in this condition there wants not matter to breed an obstruction in such Infants.  
6. But that secondly, this Phlegmatic and tough Humour may make an obstruction in the Passage of Choler into the small gut, it is required, that the same be carried thither, either joined and mixed with Choler, or else confused with it.  
7. Where all the blood is more Phlegmatic and tough than is usual: no wonder, if also the other humour and so Choler, become more Phlegmatic and tough; and the tough 〈◊〉 mour mixed with Choler be brought to the forenamed Passage.  
8. I am fully persuaded from dissection of many dead Bodies that Phlegm is bred both of Spittle and perhaps of Snot falling down t● the Jaws; and being swallowed, go into the Stomach, and small gut and sticks unto its sides, and by degrees increases there.  
9 From what is aforesaid it seem evident that the same Phlegm 〈◊〉 bred in the Glandules of the Head but hoarded up in the small Gut.  
10. Now that this tough an● clammy Phlegm may be loosened or dissolved, and being only confused with the Blood, and other humours, may be carried any way and so likewise to the Passage 〈◊〉 Choler into the small Gut, require a Cause e●ectual enough, and violent; namely Motion of Body as we vehement as enduring for some time or a notable heat of the Air, like tha● of the Sun or of Fire, to loose●●●●legm, and make it fluid; or els● a plenteous Liquor being brought to the small Gut, and dissolving the named Phlegm, and carrying it further.  
11. Not vehement motion of Body, unless the Mothers, can hap to Infants not yet born, which whether it can dissolve, and make fluid, and sand all over the body not only the humours of her own body (of which I do not doubt) but also of the Infant in her Womb, I confess, I neither dare deny, nor yet affirm.  
12. I cannot be brought to believe that the same may be by an outward heat of the Sun, of Fire, or of a Bath not only in the Mother, but afterwards also in the child; yet I think, an Abortion may sooner be expected, than such a loosening of the Humours in the child, and hence a necessary curding, and lastly the Jaundice: but of that curding anon.  
13. Much lesle will it be granted that any Liquor can be carried in plenty to the small Gut, and therein dissolve tough Phlegm: because, although the Mother may drink plenteously, yet no prudent man will so much as Dream of it concerning an Infant, at lest in my opinion.  
14. For it seems Fabulous that a Child in the Womb should swill itself with the water wherein it swims.  
15. Moreover it is a fiction to suppose that so much wheyish matter may go through the Passage of the Sweetbread (for I know no other way) to the small Gut of an Infant, that the Phlegm should be dissolved by it, and carried to the Blood, and anon to the 
* Which is the bag wherein Choler is contained.  seat of Choler, and the place of its separation.  
16. Yet because the plenty of a tough and Phlegmatic Humour, either in the whole Body, or at lest in the small Gut, and the carriage of it into the Passage of Choler into that Gut is not sufficient, to make an Obstruction there; unless, as hath been said, the same Humour stick, and grow together, or cured in the same Passage: Let us see, if it be probable, that the noted Humour can grow together and be curdled in Infants, ere they be born.  
17. It's growing together is usually of its own accord, from a cause  to the Humour, namely, when the external cause of its dissolving is removed; so Broths that have the consistency of a Jelly, as often as they are dissolved and made liquid, do of their own accord return to their former consistence, and grow together again, being removed from the fire, whose heat did make them dissolve.  
18. Yet the Humour doth not cured of itself, but by an external cause which so changes it when it is fluid, that having got a solid consistence, it ceaseth to be fluid: So any water is want to cured in Winter into Ice, and loose its former fluidness.  
19 In man's body a tough Humour being dissolved by the outward heat of the Sun, or of Fire, or by motion of the body, and moved all over the body, when the outward cause of heat, or motion of body ceaseth; it is observed afterwards by little and little to grow together of itself, and breed an Obstruction in narrow Vessels by reason of its toughness sticking any where.  
20. So the same tough Humour being dissolved by much drink taken in, and carried all the body over, is want to be curdled by outward cold carelessly received, and separating Phlegm especially tough, by waterish drink confused with it, and thickening it more, and by this means easily stopping it, especially in straight passages, and begetting an Obstruction  
21. Yet because it can scarce be granted that tough Phlegm should be dissolved in Infants unborn, and carried all over the body; much lesle can it be granted that it should of itself grow together: As which doth presuppose that violent dissolving.  
22. Neither can we grant that the same Phlegm loosened or dissolved in Infants as yet unborn, can be Curdled, as presupposing that outward cold doth pierce through the pores of the skin to parts near enough to it, not so easily to parts a great way in the body, and fenced against the outward Air with several cover: As doth befall Infants in their Mother's Womb, 
Note.  for besides all the parts of the Mother which contain the Womb, the substance of the Womb while it carrieth the Child is thicker than usual, and swelled with warm blood; and also the Afterbirth with the water it contains, does defend the Child against the harms of outward cold.  
23. Cold drink, which is often the cause of Curding dissolved Phlegm, cannot be suspected in Infants unborn, seeing that the Mother alone great bellied can be supposed to take in cold drink: But I cannot think that any man using reason can be so mad, as to affirm, that such liquor drunk by the Mothe● can go to the Infant, or like outward cold can 'cause Phlegm dissolved in it to Curd in the Passage of Choler to the small Gut.  
24. For although I could yield▪ that cold liquor drunk in plenty an● carried to the Stomach, or also t● the small Gut, might from thence pierce like cold Air to the passage of Choler into the Gut, and again Curd the Phlegm that was befor● dissolved: yet can I not grant, n● nor apprehended, that it can do th● same in Infants unborn, seeing tha● it hath no way to go to the passage of Choler in them (at lest in m● opinion.)  
25. Now if such an obstruction of the Passage of Choler into th● small Gut, cannot breed the Jaundice, nor be supposed to be in Infants unborn, than we must assign another Cause of that Disease, at lea●● in them.  

2. Nor in Infants newly born.  26. Let us now see if such an Obstruction can be in Infants newly born.  
27. That we may do it in short, observe first that heat increased by ●otion of Body is not to be expected from them, whereby tough Phlegm can be dissolved, if any a●ound in the small Gut, and be ●arried to every part of the body: ●et might it be loosened by outward ●eat of the Sun, or of Fire, as also ●y Anguish troubling Infants even till ●hey sweat; unless any had rather ●hat the Humours than carried to the ●mall Gut, and especially the juice of ●he sweet bread being sharper, because of its faulty Effervescency, ●nd vapours raised breeding the ●oted Angush, should likewise loosen or dissolve tough Phlegm, and ●end it to every part of the body; which seems not unlikely.  
28. Yet when Phlegm is driven ●nto every part of the body by an outward Heat, or by the above no●ed internal Cause, by reason the Pores are all over open; if than the ●ody be not well fenced against the ●oldness of outward Air, or be removed into cold Air, its tender body may very likely get harm, although he seldom be exposed t● such cold, even when the Jaundice doth appear.  
29. Seeing therefore such a cold which seldom happens, would rather breed other Sickness, an● that the Jaundice daily appears without such a cold, it seems not probable to me, that an Obstruction ca● cause the Jaundice in Infants newly born; so that we must seek for another cause.  

Of the true Cause of the Jaundice.  30. And if any curious of trut● should inquire, What can be assigned the Cause of the Jaundice? To th● clearing of it, we must make a deeper search, and so conclude, wha● we have to say.  
31. We begin this search from that Yellow Colour which appears i● the Jaundice, not only in the Ski● but in the very Flesh; so that thi● disease doth not only affect the outside of the body, but its Habit also and most inward parts, and doth most manifest itself in Urine.  
32. Now that this Colour proceeds from Choler too plenteously confused with blood, is proved both by the natural Colour of Choler, and by the pale colour of their stools.  
33. For there is nothing in man's body, which could die it Yellow but Choler; We do not than without cause derive that Colour of the Jaundice from Choler.  
34. Yet because the Stools of people in health are always more or lesle died, but not so in the Jaundice; it is but reasonable to think that Choler moves not at all, or very little into the small Gut, or at lest is so changed, that it cannot die their Stools of the natural Colour.  
35. Let this be supposed as by Anatomy it is proved, that Choler hath a passage from its bag to the heart through the Liver, which way (some of it goes always in people in health, and) it may all go, when any have the Jaundice.  
36. Choler thus changed in the Jaundice, seems not to be increased in sharpness; because neither pain, nor pricking is felt in any part of the● body, unless when it gins to becured: and therefore is faulty some other way.  
37. Which fault that it may be known, we must observe, that Choler naturally is not only slightly confused, but most entirely mixed with the Humours it meets with both in the● small Gut, and in the Blood or right Ventricle of the heart, and that so as it is impossible to be separated against from them; which is performed by a● Effervescency with a sour humour● in both those places.  
38. Yet because that mixture o● Choler with the other humours, seems to be wanting in the Jaundice, that Effervescency also is a wanting, or at lest in some measure hindered.  
39 Now if the Effervescency of Choler with the other Humours be altered and notably lessened in the ●aundice, we must see, what maketh Choler to perfect that Effervescency, and what can lessen it.  
40. And it is known unto all, that an Effervescency is caused by the meeting of a Sour, and of a lee ●alt humour, or in as much as they partake of these two contraries.  
41. And if any shall examine Choler, and confuse it with Sour liquors, and Salts, he may discern, that Choler helps on this Effervescency by virtue of its lee Salt, but very much tempered, to make the Effervescency mild and friendly to Nature, and not vehement in the ●ody.  
42. Wherhfore let us see how his lee Salt in Choler may be affect●● so as to become unfit for that effervescency.  
43. For we found, that the more are and sharp the lee Salt is, it is ●e fit for an Effervescency; and the more it is any way made dull, 〈◊〉 becomes the more unfit for an Effervescency.  
44. Now many things make t●● sharpness of a lee Salt dull, as first any thing that is oily and fat; Secon●ly any thing that is volatile a●● Spirituous; Thirdly, and eart●thing.  
45. And on the contrary F●●● whets and increaseth its sharpness; an● so the keeping a lee Salt long in the Fire, makes it sharper, and mo●●fit for a strong Effervescency.  
46. Water promotes the Effervescency of a lee Salt, if a small quantity be joined to it; but if much●● added, it drowns it.  
47. Now to apply this to our p●●pose, who so considers Choler m●●find it hath much Oil and fat ●●turally; by reason of which, (〈◊〉 making its saltness dull,) we ca● not observe a fierce Effervescen●● in one in health.  
48. Again whosoever shall 〈◊〉 those Nerves which reach to t●● liver, and observe how readily Choler mixeth with any thing, which could not be unless a volatile spirit were mixed with it; must own that Choler consists much of a volatile Spirit. For by reason of its Oiliness it could not mix with any thing, unless it had also a volatile Spirit: By which also the Salt in Choler is more tempered, and thence there is a more mild Effervescency in one in health.  
49. There is also some though not much Earth in Choler, else would it be lesle movable; whereas as it is very movable, and joins itself to every thing, yea it makes other things movable, as Colours to paint withal.  
50. Which Earth in it, though but in a small quantity, breaks the violent Effervescency of Choler in an healthy state.  
51. We cannot suppose that such a Fire, as can burn, and sharpen the lee Salt of Choler, is in man's body, not not in a preternatural state: seeing that if any rightly examine the matter, he shall found that Choler is the chief Cause of any flames, or great heat in man's body, whether in a natural, or non-natural, or preternatural state.  
52. Not but that there is an external Heat, which may be caused by the Fire or Sun; by which it is sufficiently known that all the humours, and so Choler also becomes more sharp.  
53. Wherhfore when Choler is more sharp than ordinary in its proper sharpness, it must proceed from and outward heat, either of the Sun or of Fire.  
54. I said in its proper sharpness, distinguish it from an accidental sharpness, which comes after a preternatural effervescency from a very sharp Sour Humour. For when a very sharp Sour Humour meets with Choler, and causeth an effervescency with it, it causeth a separation, and gets to it the sharpness of the parts (which make Choler more mild) from its Salt parts, which wanting those that make it mild, become sharper than before, and by that means increase a more sharp and more hurtful effervescency.  
55. Seeing than that no internal cause can increase the sharpness of Choler, but a Sour juice, which makes Choler by its mixing with it sometimes Cankered, sometimes Black; it is evident what can set Choler in a flame.  
56. Which being premised, let us consider; what can tender Choler (especially in the Jaundice) more unapt to mix itself with the other Humours: Which that we may do, observe, that often on a sudden it happens from a bite of a Viper; which kind of Poison, because it doth its work quickly, must be very movable, and subtle; and so is of a volatile, nature, and consists of a volatile spirit.  
57 And that much of a volatile spirit can breed the Jaundice, mixed with Choler, is clear in as much as strong bodied wine, and especially Brandy doth often beget the Jaundice in such as drink it, and do much neglect solid meats: For Brandy being plentifully drunk doth not only increase a volatile or animal spirit in the body, but by little and little makes all the Humours; and so Choler more volatile, and spirituous, and movable: till at last by long abuse the Constitution and 
* Or thickness.  Consistence of the Blood and Humours become faulty, and the Blood becomes like whey, and loses its clammy nature.  
58. So that I am fully persuaded that Choler in breeding the Jaundice becomes too spirituous, and unfit to caus● a sufficient Effervescency by the piercing poison of a Viper in a little time or by too spirituous drink long used more slowly.  
59 Now if any should say, 
Object.  seeing Choler may be so changed, 〈◊〉 to cause the Jaundice without a stop page of it into the small Gut: it 〈◊〉 than cease to move thither, where 〈◊〉 shall have at lest a weak Efferwoscency with the juice of the Sweetbread, why than should not the stools be died by the same, as at other times?  
60. Whom that I may satisfy; 
Ans. 1.  I answer, First, that the stools are not always alike white in the Jaundice; whence I judge, that Choler is sometimes more, sometimes lesle mixed with the stools in Jaundice, and so more or lesle dies them.  
61. Secondly, Choler is not always alike affected in the Jaundice, 
Ans. 2.  whence it is lesle or more mixed with the stools, and accordingly dies them.  
Thirdly, That their stools be duly died by Choler 
Ans. 3.  its sufficient Effervescency with the Juice of the Sweetbread must proceed, by which its parts are separated from one another, and those which die are joined to the stools.  
62. Fourthly, If while the Jaundice continues, 
Ans. 4.  Choler be more spirituous, and volatile, and so more fluid and movable, it may the more easily pierce through the smallest vessels where it passeth through the Liver; especially if it be drawn strait, or at any time its passage into the small Gut be stopped; wherefore moving forcibly to the Liver, it may persist in the same, not using its proper way to the Gut.  
63. For it may so hap that if the Passage of Choler into the small Gut be not wholly stopped, it may be straightened by the Phlegm (which is in the Guts) being daubed about it: Or the same 
* Like those who keep their Urine so long, till they cannot make water.  Passage may contract itself narrower by being over full with Choler; by reason of which i● may be denied passage to the Gut, and therefore must move upward to the Liver, and through the liver to the Blood, and going with it to the right Ventricle of the Heart makes a small Effervescency with the descending and Lymphatic Blood, after which it is more properly confused, than mixed therewith; and as the Blood goes all over the body, it separates from it and dies the body, making every part unfit for natural nourishment; whence a Dropsy often follows the Jaundice, unless it be cured speedily.  
64. Although I do not think that a stoppage of Cholers passage into the small Gut is of necessity required to breed the Jaundice, yet may it sometimes occasion the Jaundice; for by the stopping Choler in its natural motion to the Gut, Choler grows more spirituous, by the greater access of spirituous parts thither, and by further heightening the parts of which Choler is made.  
65. Which is evident from this, that many before the Jaundice appears, feel great Anguish in the right side of the Belly where this aforesaid Passage is, a great Sorrow, or abuse of Phlegmatic meats having preceded.  
66. Wherhfore to sum up our answer in short, we judge, First, 
The former answer summed up,  That the stools do not always want the die of Choler, though they be paler. Secondly, they are least died, when Choler is worst affected. Thirdly, They are lesle died, when Choler makes but a little Effervescency. Fourthly, They are lesle died, when Choler moves little to the Guts, and almost all of it goes to the Liver and the Blood, whether it be by reason that the Passage into the Gut contracts itself narrower; or because that Passage is stopped and filled up by Phlegm.  
67. From what hath been said, we have proved that the Jaundice may be bred (without a stoppage of the Passage of Choler into the small Gut, 
The over spirituousness of Choler causes the Jaundice.  and) by Cholers being too Spirituous, and therefore unfit to make an Effervescency, being not embodied but confused with the Blood.  
68 The cure therefore of the Jaundice must consist in correcting Choler over volatile and spirituous, 
It's cure.  which is done by Oily and Fat things, and by such as procure sleep, and sometimes such as stupify.  
69. By Oily and Fat things, as Hemp Seed boiled in milk, and taken a few times; as also both Venice and common Soap dissolved in warm milk, and taken a few times, both which will happily cure the Jaunlice.  
70. Soap cures the Jaundice, First, By its fixed lee Salt, which being Joined to Choler, corrects and lessens its volatility, taking into itself part of the volatile Spirit abounding in Choler.  
71. Secondly, By its thick, not volatile and Aromatic Fatness and Oil, in as much as it makes dull the sharpness of the volatile and spirituous Salt which is in Choler.  
72. The same may be said of Hemp Seed, which being Oily and Fat, produceth the same effect.  
73. We also commend Saffron in Curing the Jaundice; and seeing the Fat Saffron is best, 
Note.  we cannot suppose that overfatness of Choler as well as its over-spirituousness can preed the Jaundice.  
74. For Saffron is easily joined to a volatile Spirit, by reason of which we readily make its Tincture and Extract.  
75. By the same Saffron, and its Extract, the Animal Spirits use to be settled and become drowsy, a swee● sleep following.  
76. Opium that powerful allayer of the Animal spirits, is Oily and Fat making the Animal Spirits drowsy, and retarding their motion.  
77. Thus volatile Spirits may b● chained and bound by Fat and Oily things▪ yea and be composed to rest: whence it is evident, that if these Spirits be joined to Choler in too great plenty, or therewith exalted, that is fortified in its operating, they may breed the Jaundice by making Choler too volatile, and movable; which volatility and moveableness is cured by medicines that are Oily, and cause Rest. Which is also apparent from Chemical fixed Sulphurs which fix the volatile spirits.  
78. If the Jaundice be caused by the bite of a Viper, or any other Creature, we must, (besides the aforesaid correcting of Choler) both amend, and again expel that Poison.  
79. To which purpose sundry Opiates are used, as, Treacle, Mithridate, Diascordium, etc. Which by the Opium and other things wherewith they abound, do not only amend the spirituous volatility of Viper's Poison; but moreover by their many sweeting ingredients expel the same through the Pores of the Skin; and correct the fault in Choler also.  
80. Where note, that Treacle having Troches of Vipers in it, doth the sooner mix with Viper's Poison, and expel it forth, seeing they are of a volatile nature, and provoke Sweat.  
81. Hence, Chemists do commend, and not without cause, the Salt of Vipers, which is volatile.  
82. They also commend, diaphoretic Antimony, and any Mineral Bezoard, by which Choler over-spirituous is fixed; and any Poison fit to be sweated out, is expelled.  
83. But if Choler be hindered in its motion to the small Gut, by a stoppage made by tough Phlegm in the Passage of Choler, and so it become more spirituous, and breed the Jaundice; the same Phlegm must be cut and purged out both by Aromatical Medicine● and such as abound with a volati●● Salt, as also by such as purge Phlegm after which, the afore named Medicines may be used, sometime moving a gentle sweat by Bezoard.  
84. To apply these more closely to Infants newly born, we judge that the Jaundice arises in Infan● not yet born, or newly born from Choler too Spirituous, though never 〈◊〉 little offending; wherefore als● it is soon cured in the most 〈◊〉 them.  
85. For one Grain of Saffron alone given them in their Mother's o● their Nurses, or Cow's Milk, once or twice a day, often cures them 〈◊〉 the Jaundice.  
86. To the same purpose a grai● of Mineral Bezoard may be given by the taking either of which, 〈◊〉 a sweat do not always break forth yet is there a breathing forth by insensible transpiration.  
87. If the child be costive, it ●ay be loosened by Rhubarb, and specially by the known Syrup of succory with Rhubarb, instead of which 〈◊〉 Simple Syrup of Rhubarb in this ●ase may be used.  
88 We therefore use Rhubarb, 〈◊〉 draw Choler down to the Guts, ●nd carry it out; because if any of 〈◊〉 be carried thither, the rest ceases 〈◊〉 be too spirituous.  
89. Moreover Choler is sent to ●he Guts easily, copiously, and ●owerfuly by Medicines that purge Choler, but not without them: unless sometimes against nature it move thither furiously, in the dis●ase Cholera 
* When one purges and Vomits Choler. , which is often deadly.  
90. Which disease differs much from the Jaundice, not to name other differences, seeing in the Jaundice Choler moves to the Liver; ●ut in Cholera it moves to the Gut, and is sent forth upward or downward.  
91. Several other Medicines are commended in curing the Jaundice as Radish, Salendine; Madder which the Dyers use, Shave of Heart's horn, Ivory, Sage, Wild Rocket Cumine, Goose dung, filings o● Steel, Squills, Sulphur, etc. The most of which may be applied to ou● purpose, and do good according to our opinion; which yet are not so safe for Infants as people of age.  
And so much for the Jaundice in Infants.   

CHAP. II. Of Gripes in the Belly.  
THese Gripes do frequently trouble Infants newly born, so that few escape them.  
2. Which Gripes in the Belly may proceed from a double Cause, either ●●om Wind, or from Sour and sharp Humours.  
3. That Wind swelling the Guts may breed Gripes in the belly, is ●ear; because, First, when Wind gets ●ent, the gripes are abated: Secondly the Pain goes away, only when ●●e swelling of the Belly falls: Thirdly ●he Guts are swelled with wind after ●ath: Fourthly, Medicines which dis●●ss Wind, cure the Gripes.  
4. It is also evident that Gripes may be caused by sour and shar● Humours, fretting and biting the i●ner side of the Guts; because, First their stools than have a sour savour Secondly, Medicines that correct su● sourness, cure the Gripes.  
5. Wind in Infants, as well as people of years, hath for its matte● Phlegm more lesle tough and clamm● and Choler for its efficient Cause, whic● the sharper it is, breeds wind t●● more powerfully and plentifully.  
6. The fault of both which H●mours arises from the bad diet of th● Mothers, for the most part; in whi●● the most of Women indulge the● selves too much, having many Counsellors to persuade them, th● whatsoever a Woman with ch●● does eat or drink, cannot hurt h●● if she do it with delight: 
A causion to women with child  Contra●● to daily experience.  
7. I confess indeed, we must 〈◊〉 make a sleight of what they gre●●ly desire; but must endeavour, th● than they be not excessive: A stro●● desire would have something, 〈◊〉 not to excess, of what it longs for.  
8. Wherhfore they are to be advised, that they would pity the children they bear, and moderate their appetites, jest, if they should too much indulge themselves, their Infants should suffer much harm by their mother's faults; although they seldom harken to Physician's advice, rather following their own fancy.  
9 Tough Phlegm is bred by Meats of a thick juice, and by gluttony; as also cold Air, thin , etc.  
10. Sharpness in Choler is caused by heat of the Sun, very hot Spices, the Spirits of Anise, Juniper, 
* Which a●e much used in Holland.  Lovage, etc. used too much.  
11. A sour humour is bred chief by sour sauces, and salads, hearty sorrow, Northern wind, etc. in which while they indulge themselves, they suffer harm.  
12. To the breeding of these three humours untimely Fruits help greatly, which they greatly affect.  
13. Although Mothers may offend, their innocent children shall smart for it, with shrieking & crying, yea with wresting and moving the whole body; and at last by the Falling-sickness, that I may pass over the afore named signs, which manifest the Gripes.  

The Cure.  14. Now the Cure of those Gripes is partly by discussing the aforesaid Wind; partly in correcting Phlegm and Choler, and sometimes by purging them out, partly in allaying and easing the Pain.  
15. Wind in Infants is discussed by Fennel, Mint, Parsley waters, etc. also by Spirit of Nitre; if they be taken inwardly; as also by Oils, and Aromatical 
* See the first Book, ch. 14. ●. 56.  Ointments, the belly being anointed therewith; also by 
† For example, Take Sage, Margerum and Mint leaves of each a handful: Ro emary and Sage flowers, of each half an handful: Sweet Fennel seeds and Cinnamon, of each two drachms, put them in a bag, when boiled, and to four ounces of its liquor add a drachm of oil of Rue, and make a Clyster.  powders, put into bags, and laid to the belly, being made of leaves, flowers, and aromatical seeds. Clysters also may be used of such like ingredients, especially if the child be costive.  
16. Such things as gently make drowsy and stupefy do ease pains arising thence: Syrup of white Poppies, of Diacodium, and such like, adding (if pain be very great) a little Laudanum.  
17. Medicines that ease pain and discuss wind are best mixed, and taken in form of a Potion or mixture, always giving Infants what is most grateful 
* As for example, Take Fen●el and Parsley waters, of each an ounce, Mint water half ●n ounce, Spirit of Nitre six drops, Syrup of white Poppies ●alf an ounce, Laudanum one grain, Spirit of Salt armoniac ●ight drops: Mix them, and observe §. 19 for direction. ●f the Spirit of Nitre be dulcified, you may put twelve drops ●nto the Mixture.   
18. To which Mixtures if you ●dd a few drops of Spirit of Salt Armoniac, or any other volatile and aromatic Salt they will be more effectual and better.  
19 And if pain be very great, you ●ay safely add one grain of Laudanum to three or four ounces of the Mixture, and give the child a little spoonful often till his pain and crying abate, and he take rest.  
20. Mean while, when the pain is abated, such Medicines as cut tough Phlegm must be used, and those will discuss wind, wherefore they are the more profitable, as not only discussing Wind, but also preventing its rise.  
21. The sharpness of Choler is tempered by mild sour things, as Spirit of Salt dulcified, and best by Spirit of Nitre, whether pure, or dulcified with Spirit of Wine; seeing it not only corrects Choler, but also cuts Phlegm, and does disperse the Wind. And seeing it does strongly fix things, it also prevents breeding of wind.  
22 When Phlegm is cut, it may be commodiously purged by Manna, the solutive Syrup of Roses with Senna, or that of Senna, that Dracnicum, &c▪ also by the aforesaid Clysters.  
23. When Choler is corrected and tempered, it may be purged by Syrup of Roses uncompounded, and especially by that with Succory and Rhubarb, and by Syrup of Roses with Rhubarb, two, three or more drachms (being mixed with a little of the aforesaid waters) according to the age of the child: And it is safest to give purges in a little quantity, because if the first dose do not work, more may be given; and so the (strength of the 
* I rather think it should have been the (temper of the body.)  Medicine) be tried without danger.  
24. For it may hap to Infants as to people of years, that all are not alike easily, speedily or largely purged by any Medicine: for which cause, jest they should get harm by a strong Medicine, it is better to give a gentle Purge at several times, and but a little at a time, rather than together and at once. For a Physician cannot be too cautious, seeing children are tender, and may die upon a small occasion.  
25. The humours thus corrected and purged, must be prevented of breeding again, by using such meat as breeds good blood, and neither increase Phlegm nor Choler, adding (where choice cannot be had) such Medicines as will correct the hurtful humours that may probably arise from their meat.  
26. It is therefore good, to boil Anise, or sweet Fennel-seeds in the child's milk; or to put grated Nutmeg into their drink boiled with bread: whereby the rise of Phlegm will be prevented.  
27. If the Child's belly be much swelled with wind, and costive, it is best to give a Clyster before the Purge; which Clyster must be made of emollients and such as expel Wind, with some gentle purger in 
* As for example, Take Marsh-mallow roots two drachms, Mallow and Rue leaves, of each an handful, which boil in barleywater, strain four ounces, in which dissolve half an ounce of the Catholic Electuary, Oil of Roses two drachms, and give it blood warm.  it; whereby their hard excrements will not only be softened, but the Wind it meets with be expelled, or rather as it were choked, and settle into the Clyster, and anon be sent forth, as also a fit way prepared for the humours and wind that will follow from the upper Guts.  
28. By this method in a little time the Wind may be cured, which cannot be on a sudden.  
29. But if sour Humours be joined to the foresaid Wind, or be observed alone, the Cure will be more difficult.  
30. This sour homour has its original in the Sweetbread, and is increased in Infants unborn, by their Mother's abuse of sour sauces and meats, unripe and sour fruits, enduring cold North winds too long, and by deep sorrow, or a fright; by which last, although a tart humour be bred, yet is the sour also increased.  
31. The same sour humour may be increased in Infants after birth, when their Mothers or Nurses use the forenamed sour sauces, and liquors, etc. too much; the harm of which is greatly conveyed with the milk into sucking Infants: let none think, that the Infant's health wholly depends upon the woman's milk; which is to be esteemed before all other food, if it be healthy and laudable; which moreover becomes easily and often very hurtful, when the Mother or Nurse is unhealthy, or doth not use a good diet, whether by their own or others fault: especially any vehement motion of their Mind hurts the Infants.  
32. This sour humour also may increase in Infants already born, and so be moved, and sent into the small Gut, and cause Gripes, not so much by a cold Air only, as by sharp and troubled North Winds.  
33. Seeing Infants are not subject to commotions of Spirit, nor can readily get hurtful Food, they seldom err in other circumstances of Diet.  
34. Whatever than be the cause of a sour humour increased in them, the Cure of those Gripes will consist, 1. in removal of all outward Causes. 2. In correcting the sour humour, whether in the Mother or Nurse. 3. In amending that sour humour in the Infant.  
35. By outward Causes we mean, 1. Sour Meats and Sauces and Medicines, too much used by the Mother or Nurse, which they should take ●eed of, or use lesle.  
36. 2. Great disturbance of Mind, ●nd especially Sorrow and Fear, yea Anger also; the occasions of which ●hould be avoided, and bystanders ●hould remove.  
37. At lest they should endeavour that those Passions last not, and while they are, the Child should not ●uck, but that milk be drawn out, ●nd not given to the Child.  
38. Those Infants which enjoy health without woman's milk, are free from such ●angers; But if the child do languish, ●r pine for want of the breast of its Mo●her, a healthy and well-disposed Nurse ●hould be got; seeing care is to be ta●en no lesle of the Mind, than health of ●ody, in getting a Nurse.  

A special Note for Mothers.  39 For it is strange and as true, ●hat Infants not only suck the constitution of body whether good or bad, but also ●he manners of mind whether good or bad ●ith the milk: and do imitate their Nurses more than their Mother's Constitution of body, and Manners o● Mind.  
40. Which being neglected by many, their Infants are wronged b● the Nurse's milk unhealthy upon sever● accounts: Which I now observe, tha● young Physicians in their practic● would study to prevent so grea● evils.  
41. By Outward Causes we mean● 3. cold and sharp air; also cold W●ter affecting any part of the Mother's Nurses, or the Infant's Body, whic● must be avoided as much as may be 〈◊〉 because that cold whether of Air or W●ter pierceth quickly to the inward part● and in a Woman much changeth t●● Milk; but in the Infant goes into t●● inward parts of its belly, and bree● Gripes.  
42. This Sourness in the Mother● Nurse aught partly to be mitigated 〈◊〉 partly to be destroyed, and if it be i● much plenty, it must be carried o● by Stool, and by Urine, and through the Pores of the Skin.  
43. A Sour humour is mitigated ●oth by Spirituous and Oily things, of ●hich before.  
44. A Sour humour is destroyed by iced and volatile Salts, both apparent ●●d lying hid, as in Chalk, Coral, ●earl, Crabs eyes, Bloodstone, & c. ●f which also before.  
45. The Sour humour being thus tempered is purged by medicines that ●urge water, often named before.  
46. The Sour humour is carried ●●rth with the Urine by Aromatical medicines provoking Urine, which do also correct its sharpness.  
47. The Sour humour is expelled ●y Sweat, by Aromatical and Rosinous medicines that cause Sweat, as Lignum ●itae, Sassafras, Juniper, Box, Oak, ●nd such like woods, set down also elsewhere.  
48. This Sour humour in the In●ant may be tempered and corrected by ●he same, but gently.  
49. To this purpose I much com●end Powdered Coral, Pearl, Crabs ●yes, and sometimes Chalk, which may be given once, twice, and (〈◊〉 need be great) thrice a day; and two 〈◊〉 three or four grains at a time 〈◊〉 any Milk, or which is better in 〈◊〉 Aromatical mixture 
* As that in §. 17. set in the Margin; or in Fennel or Mint water, sweetened with any Cordial Syrup. , which al●●● will correct the Sour humour.  
50. At which time you must n●● neglect things that make drowsy, 〈◊〉 nor those that stupefy, in a small quantity, as which temper Sourness, an● potently ease Pains.  
51. By these or such like medicines the Gripes are well cured, 〈◊〉 used a while: For they are known 〈◊〉 continued some months, although sometimes abated, until at last the● be cured.   

CHAP. III. Of a Green Purging, with a Sour savour.  
WE have already explained the Jaundice and Gripes 〈◊〉 the Belly; which because they are ●●ten attended with a green purging, ●●elling sour, we think fit to consider 〈◊〉 next.  
2. Note that this Purging for the ●ost part hath Gripes in the Belly conjoined to it, and is seldom without them, and does not continued long without them.  
3. We affirm that this noted green ●urging proceeds from Choler corrupted by a sowre-sharp-humour 
* viz. the juice of the Sweetbread. , & ●urned green; and such like changes of colours are not unknown to Dyers.  
4. Where note, that their stool are often white, but after a while tur● green, by Choler turned green an● mixed with them.  
5. Which may be; either because that sour humour has not finished its work in changing the colour 〈◊〉 Choler, or because its colour is no● soon changed, while it is in the warm body; but presently, in the ope● Air.  
6. Now this Sour humour, which changes the yellow colour of Choler into a green, and makes their stook green, is very sharp, and that is clea● from their strong smell: upon which account it gripes, of which see the former Chapter.  
7. And seeing this Sour humour is very sharp, it is worth enquiry why it does not always gripe? To which I answer that it may be so, 1. when the Guts are plastered in the inside with much tough Phlegm, by which the Sour humour is hindered from touching or fretting them, which is usual, after that Phlegm 〈◊〉 loosened and removed by the said ●●wre humour.  
8.2. It may be so when there is ●uch Food taken in, which does so ●●ink up that Sour humour with ●●oler, that none or little of it re●ains in the Gut, but all of it is ●ixed with that Food.  
9 We spoke at large in the former chapter of the Causes breeding a ●●wre humour, which seeing they ●ay be referred hither, we shall not ●●ain repeat.  
10. 
The Cure.  And shall proceed straightway 〈◊〉 the Cure of this disease, that is, 〈◊〉 correct and temper a Sour humour, ●hich done, no inconvenience can ●●llow, For there is danger, jest if ●●e Gripes of the Belly be not yet felt, ●●ey may soon follow, and many ●mes the Falling-sickness, and Death it ●●f.  
11. We proposed (in the former chapter §. 49.) those things that ●●mper and correct a Sour humour, to ●hich we add Bezoar Stone, the Oriental much better than the Occidental; and Mineral Bezoard much be●ter than either 
* And in this case the Author's Diascordium best of all; as described at the end of his first Book of Practice. , whether it be ma●● of Antimony; or Silver, or Gold; 〈◊〉 so Diaphoretic Antimony, any Seal●● Earth, all which may be used as tho●● in the aforesaid §. 49. of the form●● Chapter.  
12. Nor will it be improper 〈◊〉 give a gentle Clyster, which w●● dissolve the excrements, if they 〈◊〉 too hard, or if a biting sharpness 〈◊〉 observed in them, to drink it up, 〈◊〉 altar its sharpness. To which purpose may be used a Clyster 
* Described in the said first book, ch. 13. §. 51. , 〈◊〉 Cow's Milk, the Yolk of an Egg●● and Venice Turpentine. Where●● a Sour humour will soon join 〈◊〉 self, as we found that it Curds mil●● especially if as warm as a Clyster 〈◊〉 is given.  
And thus we have finished th● Chapter.   

CHAP. IU. Of Belches, the Hicket, Loathing, Pain at the Heart and Vomiting, curdled Milk especially.  
1. CHildrens bowels are not only afflicted with Gripes, and green Stools; but their Stomach is often ill affected by Belches, Hickets, Loathe, Heart aches, and manifold Vomitings.  
2. Belches are bred by Wind, both sharp and sour, and tough, and easily dissolved; of which in the second Chapter.  
3. Their toughness appears from a difficult and painful belching, often coming forth with a crack.  
4. Their sharpness and sourness is manifest to the Noses of standers by.  

The Hicket what.  5. The Hicket is a convulsive motion of the Midriff returning by short spaces, yet not continually afflicting, as we observe is want to be in the Falling sickness, in which the shaking of the limbs, lips, eyelids, eyes, or of other parts is continual, and endures; which the Hicket doth not.  

How it differs from the Convulsion.  6. And if any should inquire after the reason of this difference; My answer shall be, that in the Hicket the motion is commonly in the upper orifice of the Stomach; but in the Falling-sickness in the beginning of the Nerves: whence as the motion here is continual, and that by turns, of necessity there follows a continual Convulsive motion, that is, reciprocal or by turns, upon the opposite Muscles: But in the Hicket, because the upper orifice of the Stomach is hurt, the Midriff is likewise affected and hindered in moving upward, and than constrained to contract itself downward, and that sooner, flower, more strongly, or gently, as that motion is greater or lesser.  
7. The motion is more grievous, when the wind is both sharp and tough; and lesle grievous, when the same wind is moderate, or lesle tough.  
8. Therefore this motion of the Stomach, seeing it is helped only by the motion of the Midriff downward, and the drawing it upward doth not follow, no wonder, if there be not a reciprocal convulsive motion of the Midriff in the Hicket, but only a contracting motion, if we may so speak.  
9 For here is not a Convulsion, otherwise the Midriff would remain in the same state; but a Convulsive motion, because the Midriff soon ceaseth from its violent, and forced contraction, although that forced motion be not reciprocal, as is observed in other convulsive motions.  
10. Seeing therefore that the Midriff is affected by the Stomach ill affected, fretted and moved, it is only so much moved by force, as to serve it, that is, in moving itself downward; by which motion the Stomach is after a certain manner pressed down, and is helped in sending up any troublesome thing that is in it; which is expected in vain by the motion of it upward, as which helps not to cast forth any thing in the Stomach.  
11. What I have newly said, is apparent from the situation of the body, and especially of the belly to promote a discharge of Belches, or any humours out of the Stomach; for than we are want to bend the whole body forward, and to lift up our legs, thereby to straiten the belly, and press it, the more to straiten the Stomach; which the motion of the Midriff downward doth likewise promote.  
12. The Cause therefore of the Hicket is commonly a sharp Humour, or Vapour, as also Wind any way, but especially by its sharpness, gnawing and moving the upper orifice of the Stomach.  
13. (I cannot think, that the Hicket can be caused without sharpness in those vapours, seeing we often belch tough Wind, and have no Hicket, which could not be, if by its toughness it could vex the upper orifice of the Stomach, and breed the Hicket.)  
14. Now this sharp Humour, Vapour or Wind arises from any thing lately taken in; although more frequently it proceeds from Humours, already in the body, and flowing into the small Gut, and there making a wrong effervescency, after which some part of it gets into the Stomach, or breeds sharp Vapours, or Wind, which likewise tending thither may 'cause the Hicket.  
15. Oftentimes we found that a Loathing, and pain at the Heart accompanies the Hicket; and are sometimes without it.  

Loathing how it differs from Pain at the Heart.  16. A Loathing depends on the volatility of the Humours or Vapours; A Pain at the Heart on their Sharpness.  
17. Each may be caused by things taken in (as we said of the Hicket) rising from the small Gut to the Stomach.  

Vomiting what.  18. Vomiting is a discharging of what is in the Stomach out at the Mouth.  
19 All Vomiting is a preternatural Motion of the Stomach; for none in health vomits: seeing that the Natural Motion of the Stomach gins at its upper Orifice, which by a kindly contraction of itself thrusts whatsoever is in it through the Pylorus, (that is, it's lower orifice) to the Guts.  
20. For volatile spirituous things need no preparation in the Stomach; which if they do not meet with any thing in the Stomach to stop them, are strait carried down to the Guts, and from thence to the Heart; whereby the Sick are so speedily refreshed, though never so weak before.  
21. Again other things have need to stay in the Stomach, to be changed into Chyle, which is done by Fermentation.  
22. By which change our food is prepared to let those parts useful for nourishment be separated from the excrements in the small Gut.  
23. For the parts of mixed Food, as well as Medicines, are so closely mixed in many, that they cannot be separated from one another without due preparation, whereby they bring that desired and expected benefit both to healthy and sick people.  
24. When this natural preparation of Food and Medicines is perfected in the Stomach, the Stomach contracts itself at its upper part, gently forcing downward what is in it, to the small Gut, which by its peristaltic motion it still forces lower along the Gut.  
25. And while food is thus forced down, both Choler and the juice of the Sweetbread is mixed with i●, by which rightly making an Effervescency both among themselves, and with the food, there is promoted a laudable separation of useful from the unuseful parts; but if the said effervescency be faulty, either by the fault of Food, Choler, or the Juice of the Sweat-bread, it often falls out, that thence arise sharp Vapours, Wind, or such like humours, by which the small gut being potently moved straitens itself more narrowly, and with speed drives forward what is in it by straitning itself, but denies passage downward to what are above: which being sharp, and thereby moving the Gut, give occasion of changing the peristaltie Motion; which carries them upward which were moving downward, and being brought into the Stomach, 'cause it to loathe, and to vomit.  
26. Vomiting in Children newly born is commonly more caused by bad humours in the body, and so brought into the small Gut, than by ●ood; because they commonly have kindly not hurtful meat.  
27. These bad humours are Choler ●nd the Juice of the Sweetbread meeting in the small Gut, which by rea●on of their sharpness and spirituousness cause vomiting.  
28. By their Sharpness they make ●o potent an effervescency, and fret ●he guts, and force them to change ●heir peristaltic Motion.  
29. By their Spirituousness they ●ove more freely upward, and ●ore potently provoke Loathing and vomiting.  

The Cure.  30. The Cure of Belches will be ●he same which we gave of Wind ●efore 
* In Chap. 2. §. 17.   
31. Tough and sour Phlegm being ●he matter of which they are bred ●ust be corrected † and altered, after which, if there be much in the bo●y, Phlegm must be purged 
† Of all which see Chap. 2. §. 19, etc.   
32. Also their Efficient Cause Cho●er, being too sharp must be † tempered, ●nd if it abound, must be purged †.  
33. Lastly, Wind itself must be discharged †.  
34. The Hicket having the sam● cause must be cured by the same remedies †.  
35. Among other things I hav● observed that Mint and its Water i● very good against the Hicket.  
36. A pain at the Heart must als● be cured by the same Medicines †.  
37. Only observe this, that such as stupefy † must be added, which will not only alloy pains, but more over temper the sharpness of the humours, and vapours, and wind, and cause rest.  
38. the Cure of Loathing and Vomiting will not much differ from th●● manner of Curing the former Symptoms; unless that here it is also convenient to add those things which fix the Spirituousness of the noted humours, especially Spirit of Nitre, i● it be dulcified, 
To all which indications the receipt in Chap. 2. will serve: but if the vomiting be violent, a grai● or two of his own Diascordium (set down at the end of the firs● book) repeated every hour twice or thrice till it abate, is excellent.  for than it may more safely be given to Infants, and does ●●op the faulty effervescency of hu●ours that meet in the small Gut.  
Which Opium also promotes, and ●●y medicine made of it, as Laudanum, Treacle, Diascordium   

CHAP. V Of the Thrush.  
THe Thrush is a common distemper among Infants, being small Ulcers spread all over the Mouth, sparing no part of it, neither ●he Tongue, , Gums, Lips, Balls of the Cheeks, Jaws, nor the Mouth of the Stomach, not nor the Stomach itself, as far as may be conjectured.  
2. The small Ulcers when they appear first, are few, and thin upon the Tongue, and Jaws next the ; afterwards they multiply, and grow into one.  
3. The Thrush differs from all other Ulcers, in that it is covered with a Scab, whereas others have only filthy matter.  
4. Whether it be because the Spittle in the mouth, being than commonly tough, cleaves upon the said Ulcers? or because the skin of the inner parts of the mouth being tough and cleaving more firmly to the parts under it, is not easily parted, and so growing thicker gets the nature of a● Scab?  
5. The difference of that Scab i● different in Colour, Toughness, Thickness, and Largeness.  
6. The white colour is best, turning yellow, and than black.  
7. That Scab is best liked, which comes easily of, and is worst liked that cleaves fast, and of itself is tough and clammy.  
8. That Scab is best liked which is thin, and discommended which is thick.  
9 That Scab which is least is best liked, the broader being discommended.  
10. The thinner they stand the better, the thicker the worse.  
11. I judge the Cause of the Thrush to be sharp and sour Humours or Vapours, brought upward from the small Gut and Stomach by vomit or exhalation, or with Spittle into the Mouth.  
12. That a sour sharpness breeds ●he Thrush is clear, 1. from a sour belching or vomiting, which often ●s the immediate forerunner of the Thrush.  
13. 2. From a sour taste in the mouth, which sours any thing they ●ake; as I observed in a Woman, who after she had unloaded her Stomach of sharp humours, the day af●er had the Thrush, which sourness was than troublesome in her mouth, when she took any Beer, though ve●y sweet, and not stolen; perhaps because the Beer dissolved that sourness, and so made it affect the taste more powerfully.  
14. Note that the bitterness of Choler, which altars any taste, unless it be exceeding strong, hinders the taste of sourness, whether belched or vomited.  
15. 3. We are satisfied that a●● sour humour breeds the Thrush in Infants especially, both because o● their sour belches, and stools that smell very sour, either preceding or accompanying the Thrush, together with Gripes, all which abundantly testify a sour humour, and so confirm our opinion.  
16. 4. As also is proved by Remedies that cure the Thrush, which are excellent to correct a sour humour.  
17. Which humour, by fretting the skin of the mouth, breeds the Thrush, to wit, small Ulcers: But may some say, how is it that these Ulcers are of different colours, most times white, oftentimes yellow, sometimes black?  
18. Which I answer, comes to pass by the variety of that sour humour, also of Choler, Phlegm and ●ittle meeting with it.  
19 For where the sourness is spi●●ous, 
It's various causes distinguished.  and not much in quantity, and ●●e other humours are not much ●●ulty, the Thrush is thin and soon ●●des, and does but lightly affect the ●alat and Tongue; soon ripening, ●on fading, and soon healing.  
20. Although the corrupted skin ●●nnot well fall of, till the new be ●own under it.  
21. Nor is the skin only once fretted and peeled of, but often the new so is fretted and wasted.  
22. The sooner that happens, the ●tter; the slower, the worse.  
23. Which slowness happens by ●●son of the toughness of Phlegm ●●d Spittle, thereby sticking the clo●●, and taking longer time to fall ●●om the parts affected.  
24. When the sour humour is spi●●ous and plenteous, the Thrush is be liked, soon fading and curable, though the whole mouth be filled ●ith them.  
25. For that is chief to be noted, that the Scabs that ripen soon, h● white, light, and come not again often, or cause pain.  
26. The Ulcers are white by reaso● of a purely sour humour.  
27. They are yellow or black, b● reason of different Choler mixed wit● a different sour humour.  
28. Choler is mixed with this sow●● humour, both because each of the● are very sharp, and because mu●● Phlegm is joined to them: by the●● sharpness they rise more briskly on● against another, and so 'cause a mo●● potent effervescency; by which the● are united more entirely: By whic● Phlegm joined to them, they lea●● one another more slowly, and 〈◊〉 continued longer in their Efferv●scency, and thereby sand the mo●● vapours up.  
29. The natural whiteness attributed only to a sour humour 〈◊〉 changed by the alteration of Chol●● mixed with that sour humour.  
30. For as Choler changeth its natural yellow colour into green, or black, according as a different sour humour is mixed with it: so on the contrary, changes that chief depend on a sour humour, are altered as Choler mixed with it is altered.  
31. I call Choler here altered, not which is altered by a sour humour, but which is altered by Phlegm mixed with it, being more or lesle tough, whereby the joining of a sour humour with Choler is various, which thereby becomes closer or loser, and so doth more or lesle hurt the parts to which it comes.  
32. The more Choler is mixed with the sour humour here chief faulty, the more the colour of the Thrush declines from its ordinary whiteness; and the more of tough Phlegm or Spittle is mixed with the same sour humour, the Thrush goes the slower away, and takes the more time to cure.  
33. Whence it is evident, what kind of Thrush is more, what lesle dangerous; seeing that some Physicians accounted any sort of Thrush for a bad sign in all diseases; although they often free us of many diseases, 
The Prognostics.  that is, as they appear, the Disease goes away.  
34. We may therefore to good purpose review the Prognostics belonging to the Thrush, and add their reasons.  
35. Seeing that the Thrush has its original from a faulty sour humour, and that commonly rising up from the lower parts through the Stomach, and its Mouth seldom brought with the Spittle into the Mouth: We must therefore note it, not only because of the Thrush troubling the Mouth, but also because of that sour humour in the body, which does or may breed other harms; from which we may expect a greater danger of life than from the Thrush, which may shorten life by straightening the jaws, and hindering our breathing and swallowing any thing.  
36. Hence it is clear, that the Thrush is only dangerous, when it is plenteous and stubborn, yellow or black, and so dry or withered.  
37. I say the Thrush is dangerous, which first is plenteous, and spreads all over the mouth, which never happens, but when there is much of the sharp-sowre-humour in the body.  
38. Secondly, The Thrush is dangerous which is stubborn, that is, which falls slowly, and strait way grows again; which is caused by a tartness in the sour humour, making it stick more closely to the parts affected, and so fretting them the longer.  
39 Thirdly, The Thrush is dangerous, which is yellow or black, and dry or withered, which happens by reason Choler is very faulty, and joined to a sour humour also faulty; and each humour being faulty together are not so easily corrected, as a sour humour alone. Now the sign that these Humours are amending, is much moisture coming into the mouth, like one salivated, with which the Thrush does not only departed more easily, but also the Tongue, , and other parts of the mouth affected, are sooner healed and cured.  
40. As dryness of Ulcers is always judged a bad and deadly sign, so it holds good in the Thrush: whose cause I judge to be the same, and that is Choler much faulty in the Body, which does not so much temper the sour humour, as make an effervescency with it hurtful to life.  
41. For if a man's life do principally depend upon a mild effervescency of Choler and the sour juice both in the small Gut and Heart, (as we are daily confirmed by experience) than must Death be expected, when that effervescency is very wrong.  

The Cure.  42. And now having explained the Nature, and given the Prognostics of the Thrush, it remains, that we give also the Cure, which will consist,  
43. First, In amending and correcting the Sour Humours and Vapours, which will hinder its further spreading.  
44. Secondly, If the body be full of humours, in purging them after they are corrected.  
45. Thirdly, In ripening the Scabs, which will 'cause them to come of.  
46. In cleansing and healing the parts freed of these Scabs.  
47. And although many heed not the correcting of a sour juice, because the knowledge of sharp humours was hitherto confused among Physicians, sharpness alone being known unto them; yet now having by large experience proved that there is a double and contrary sharpness, many have noted the daily harms of this different sharpness, and in the Cure have used different remedies.  
48. Among those which correct either, yea each sharpness, we commend these in the Thrush, which destroy any sour spirit, and that gently; to wit, Crabs eyes, Pearl, Coral, Chalk, Dragon's blood, Bloodstone, and many others, which according to the diversity of Humours faulty in the Thrush, may be chosen.  
49. As when by reason of great drought, the Tongue with other parts affected, is not only ulcerated, but also cloven, out of which comes clear blood, than Bloodstone, and Dragon's blood are fittest to use.  
50. Where the Thrush is without such drought of Tongue, Crabs eyes and Pearl, as mildly destroying sourness are esteemed best; Chalk also, does most potently destroy sourness.  
51. Here also may Volatile Salts be used, as which break any sourness: also Mineral Bezoard is proper.  
52. Which Humours being corrected, may be purged by such things as purge water, and seeing Choler and Phlegm are joined to them, select medicines are chosen for that purpose.  
53. Hence it is, that in curing the Thrush we do so much use Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb, or some such like; because Choler is corrupted also by the sharp-sowre-humour and cankered: Not that I say, every humour is purged by any Medicine, for I think this or that humour may be purged by one Medicine better than by another.  
54. As these humours are joined together in the body, so should a purge be artificially mixed, to empty the body of them.  
55. As a sour humour is bred by using sour Meats, Sauces, or Medicines, and by cold Air, a fright, or sorrow of mind, so by avoiding these it may be prevented, and by using fat, or oily and Spirituous things, living in a clear and hot Air, by recreating the mind with delightful things.  
56. Chalk, Dragon's blood, etc. will also prevent the new breeding of a very sharp-sowre-humour.  
57 Fat and Oily things, but especially Opium, and all things that stupefy, blunt the sharpness of a sour humour; as also any fixed sulphur of metals or minerals which I have found to alloy hurtful effervescencies better, that is, more mildly, surely, quickly and safely than any other Medicine.  
58. The aforesaid Medicines will ripen the Scabs, and heal the parts affected, for which use I also commend the strained juice of Turnips boiled in water, or roasted; to which we put a little sugar when it is not sweet or pleasant to taste, which is scarce needed when they are roasted.  
59 With this juice the sick may wash and gargoyle his Mouth and Throat often, or swallow it after it has been a while in his mouth; which I the rather advice, because the mouth alone does not enjoy this benefit, but the Gullet also and Stomach, which we noted before might have the Thrush, and still it is better for Infants, because their mouth cannot be washed and gargled.  
60. Yea this juice will correct and blunt the sour humour in the small Guts, and so hinder its ascent upward, and make this evil be the sooner subdued, and therefore I commend it before any other.  
61. Many use several Syrups, of Violet's Jujubs, of Liquorice, the solutive Syrup of Roses, etc. which are beneficial in that they blunt the hurtful sourness by the mucilaginous juice of the Plants, whereof ●hey are made; whether it be by ●oiling, or only bruising and straining them.  
62. Before many others I commend the Yolk of an Egg, beaten in rosewater with a little Sugar to make it grateful. For the Yolk of ●n Egg draws into itself the hurtful ●owre humour in the mouth, and ●o by degrees it frees the parts affected with the Thrush of the same, ●nd hastens its Offal. Which should ●e used as the juice of Turnips, sha●ing it always first.  
63. New Wort is also commened, which having had no Yeast in 〈◊〉 contains the fat and mucilagino● parts of Barley.  
64. Yea, many commend Bee● with Figs cut in pieces and boil● in it; which I do not contemn, b●ing helpful; yet have I observed to be soon loathed by the sick, s● its great toughness caused by t●● Figs: So that they would seldo● continued its use.  
65. While the Thrush thus 〈◊〉 pens, that is, by little and little fa● from the parts under it, and whi● are by it ill affected, a new skin th● covers the same parts under it which Scabs again, if a sharp sowrness rise up to them mouth: but if be fully corrected, the skin contnues and covers those parts of th● mouth which were bore.  
66. When they cease to appea● anew, Physicians observe the cau● of them is in great measure removed, because the Ulcers soon he● after it.  
67. When they begin to heal, ●her things may be added, which 〈◊〉 it more potently: So instead of ●lutive Syrup of Roses, you may ●e Syrup of Read Roses, Honey of ●ses, etc. yea, Bowl Armoniac, ●erra Lemnia, and such like fat ●iths, rubbed with Plantain water ●bbed fine, putting thereto Ho●y or Syrup of Roses in a small ●antity, and holding some of it 〈◊〉 the mouth, which will hasten 〈◊〉 healing, the last part of the ●ure.   

CHAP. VI Of the Falling-Sickness, or Convulsion.  
1. WE now come to the F●ling-Sickness, by whi●● many Infants are taken away hen● and therefore the more worthy o● enquiry.  
2. The Falling-Sickness uses to f●low Gripes in the Bowels, and a gre● and sowre-smelled purging. Whence is judged to be the chief Cause 〈◊〉 all.  
3. 
The Falling-Sickness described.  Now the Falling-Sickness is reciprocal, and (for some time) co●●tinued shaking of the Parts moved the Muscles, as the Hands, Feet; Lip● Tongue, Eyelids, Eyes; in one wo● it is a shaking of all the parts whi● stander-by can touch.  
4. This shaking is more vehement, 〈◊〉 more gentle, of longer or shorter ●ntinuance, upon every part of the body, 〈◊〉 only upon some: often, or seldom ●turning, and thus it varies.  
5. For it returns by fits, which ●●ile it continues, Children can scarce ●●e any thing: I therefore, the more ●●mired my own daughter, who be●g but eight months old, the last ●y she lived took the Falling-●kness, her teeth coming hardly ●●rth, she took any thing that was ●en her in the fit, which continued me hours, (and the like I do not member in either young or old) ●●t when the fit left her, she took no●ing for several hours, and at last ●ed quietly.  
6. As people of years seem to want ●l outward sense in the Fit, so we ●ay judge the same in Infants.  
7. I said, that in the Fit they seem●to have no outward sense, although ●ey commonly stir at any strong smell applied to the Nostrils, and sometimes at a loud noise, and especially at thei● own name, spoken in at their ear.  
8. They are also observed often i● the fit to be burnt to the very bone and yet not awaken: which signifies that they have no outward sense.  
9 I know no other reason of th● difference, than that the Cause of th● disease may be changed by a sharp volati●● Salt; unless perhaps one outward sen● may than be more affected than and there; for which if it be, I could n●ver apprehended a reason.  
10. The most that have these fit● when they come to themselves, know not what they suffered, and sear● complain of any other thing, than 〈◊〉 heavy head ache; unless perhaps during the Fit some part be bruised by v●hement motion, which is felt after the fit.  
11. For this is to be noted, tha● the most are more stupid after the fi● and if the fits often return violent, th● continued after them stupid, and som● times foolish.  
12. All which are evident signs at the Falling-Sickness affects the●ole Brain; so that many say, if 〈◊〉 the Brain be not chief affected 〈◊〉 the Falling-Sickness, than is the ●ot of the Marrow of the Back, and the Beginning of the Nerves.  
13. For the outward Senses and timal Motion are manifestly affected; ●d so are the Inward Senses, when ●ey become stupid; also the Head ●st of necessity be affected, because 〈◊〉 its heavy pain after the fit.  
14. Seeing therefore that the most, 〈◊〉 not all the functions of Life are af●ted in and by the Falling-Sickness, ●●e must inquire what it is, and ●at parts are ill affected?  
15. So far as I could observe, I ●dge, that the Animal or vital Spi●s are affected and changed in the ●lling-sickness, and not only, by moving ordinately to the opposite Muscles, ●t moreover, by being made unfit to ●form the office of the outward and ward senses.  

Of its Cause.  16. Although I therefore thin● that the beginning of the Nerves inordinately moved, whence the An●mal Spirits are moved in greater plent● and also inordinately to every part; judge, they are defiled and so chang● in their gualities, that than they 〈◊〉 unfit to do their natural sensation and therefore, all the Muscles in true Convulsion continued afflicted long after the fit, as the same Spiri● are infected with that faulty quality which I think are soon freed of th● harm, when the Spirit of Sal Armon● and such like Spirits pierce into t● Brain 
* Being held to the Nose. , through the Nostrils, a● join themselves to the Animal Spiri●● ill affected, amending their fault, a●● the sooner, concluding the Fit.  
17. Whence I conclude, Tha● the Cause hereof is contrary to Volati●● Salts.  
18. If any should examine Volatile Salts, and search for the contrary he shall found that Sour Spirits like wise Volatile are contrary to them; an● so may probably conclude, tha● Sour Vapours are the Cause that inordinately moves the beginning of the Nerves, and hurts the Animal Spirits.  
19 Which is confirmed by those Diseases already mentioned that precede the Falling-Sickness, as Gripes, Green Purge with a Sour smell; as also an unexpected and grievous Fright. For in a Fright the Sour humour in the body gets greater strength, and often disturbs all the Senses and Motion of Body, and so raises a Convulsive Shaking.  
20. Beside which demonstration, if any without prejudice shall consider every thing remarkable in the Fit, he must acknowledge, that nothing else can 'cause it, but a volatile So ure Spirit or Vapour.  
21. For it must be such a thing as can suddenly rise up to the head from the furthest part of the Body, and there 'cause a disorderly and forced motion of the Spirits towards all the Muscles, which can darken and stop all the outward Senses, and make the party foolish, leaving an heaviness in the Head: But all these can be done by nothing but a volatile Sour Spirit, or a Sour and Sharp Vapour.  
22. For seeing there are only two sorts of sharp Salts known, a Lee and Sour, and from hence a mixed (and broken) Salt of both, namely Brine Salt, more inclining to either, as it partakes of either of those sharp Salts: and that Sickness is not bred, but cured by Lee Salts, especially if Volatile (although also fixed may serve, Coral, Pearl, Crabs eyes, and such like, found out by long experience) it remains, that we derive this Sickness from Sour Spirits, which being Volatile, do readily turn into Vapours.  
23. Which cannot be expected from a Brine Salt, as not raising such sharp Vapours.  
24. Nevertheless we know not all things be longing to this disease, not how our Spirits can be so depraved and affected by those sour and sharp vapours as almost to destroy the outward senses, and especially make the party foolish.  
25. But although we know not all, yet shall we more distinctly propose what concerns this disease, and make a notable progress into the knowledge of its obscurities.  
26. This one thing I have attained, 
Note●  about that stupidness of the outward sense, which happens by the Falling-Sickness, that the Effervescency in the small Gut with Choler, is made so faulty by a sour Spirit too sharp in the juice of the Sweetbread, that sharp and sour vapours, having got a stupifying quality from Choler, are raised and go through the Milky veins to the Blood, and with it to the Brain; where they do in some measure provoke and hurt, as it were biting, the root of the Marrow of the Back bone, whence the Spirits are carried more plenteously to the Muscles, and do there by their inordinate motion first produce Convulsive Motions, and at length (by a Motion continued on each side the Nerves) a Convulsion: and partly stupefy the Spirits, whence is that great stupidity, and insensibleness during the Fit.  
27. But whether their Foolishness which happens after the Falling-sickness, be caused by that stupifying quality, I dare neither a ●●rm nor deny: seeing we observe that Drunkards being as it were stupi●ed, seem foolish in their drunkenness; yea, if any take Opium, while its vigour lasteth, if they be raised from sleep, they look like fools, and have gesture and talk foolish enough.  
28. If than the foolishness of those who have this sickness be without doubt caused from a stupifying quality in Choler, the Spirits of our Body must needs be harmed by it, or all the Brain, which yet serves to prepare our Spirits, which being continually after-bred, may keep in them a fit disposition to cause foolishness. But who will explain the Manner of it? I confess I cannot.  
29. Thus the Cause of the Falling-sickness is a sharp Humour (provoking the beginning of the Nerves) most commonly the juice of the Sweetbread, or any sour thing taken in making a bad Effervescency with Choler in the small Gut, by which sharp and sour vapours arise, and go up to the whole Brain, there provoking the Nerves.  
30. It now remains that we subjoin the Prognostics and Cure of this disease.  

The Prognostics.  31. And from what has been said the Prognostics are easy, namely, that it a most grievous disease; seeing first, many die of it; secondly, seeing it leaves such lamentable symptoms after it.  
32. I cannot pass over, that in mine eleemosynary Practice there was an Infant of about two years old brought to my door, who about a month before had the Kink-Cough, which brought upon it the Falling-sickness; and after it the Infant that walked and spoke before, became dumb, and as it were Palsical, not being able to walk.  
33. I fear also, if it be not speedily cured, it will become foolish. To prevent which I prescribed both inward and outward Medicines.  
34. For that choking Cough in the Infant, seemed to proceed from sour vapours bred in the small Gut, and by degrees rising up to the Lungs, and there provoking them to cough.  
35. The same sour vapours carried to the Brain seem there by their sharpness to provoke the very beginning of the Nerves to drive the Animal Spirits more plenteously every way, and especially to all or most of the Muscles, whence first arise Convulsive motions, and at last a Convulsion, that is, the Falling-sickness.  
36. Now if these sour vapours be carried further to the Marrow of the Back, and are there more grown together, it causes an Impotency to Motion, the Nerves being pressed together or otherwise ill affected, through which the Animal Spirits are carried to the Muscles.  
37. Moreover, by the same cause the Muscles that help speech being ill affected, the same Infant became dumb, though before it began to speak well.  

The Cure.  38. Because it is safer to prevent than be prevented; it were to be wished that the cause thereof be met with, both in the child not born, and after birth.  
39 We have already told you, that the most frequent cause of the Falling-sickness in Infants is to be found in the Mother while with Child, 
Although it be a Proverb among them, Sale and sour hurt nature.  using ill diet, that is, such as will increase a sour humour in the body; such as Salads, Citrons, Oranges, unripe and sour fruits, and other Meats which for their loathsomeness are pickled with much sour and sharp liquors; also sour wines and Beer, Buttermilk, or otherwise curdled and sour often used; Cold Air, Sorrow, Fear, etc.  
40. Now saulty Diet doth more hurt the Child than its Mother; whether it suck, or be unborn.  
41. Therefore to prevent this evil, it were to be wished, that Mothers who have such tender affections towards their children, would beware of using the aforesaid sour things, as frequently causing the Falling-sickness in Infants.  
42. Among which we reckon also sweet Cow's milk a little after calving, as which soon corrupts and sours: We judge the same of giving much Sugar in milk or pap to the Infants as being hurtful, which as it easily sours, so it moves the juice of the Sweet Bread, being more sour and sharp, to raise a bad Effervescency with Choler.  
43. Because Custom is hard to altar, and many think that meat relisheth not which is not very salt or very sour, by both of which Nature is weakened, Mothers before they conceive, should disuse themselves from very sour Meats, and by degrees accustom to more healthy.  
44. That this is wholesome counsel doth appear from hence, that Infants born of Mothers not using sour things, seldom get the Falling-sickness; and on the contrary.  
45. But where Mothers are incorrigible, let them use Oily Volatile Salts, which temper, correct and diminish a sour humour before any ●hing, by the daily use of which, I h●ve observed that Women with Child have been very healthy, and ●fterwards their children, and not ●o liable to the Falling-sickness.  
46. Women with Child may follow this direction, and continued it ●hile they give suck: Nurses also may observe the same; giving diligent ●eed, as much as may be, that they do ●●t often put their hands into cold wa●●r; 
Note.  seeing Infants are often gri●●ed thereby; (especially, if they ●●ck a little after;) and get the Fal●●ng sickness.  
47. As these things may be given 〈◊〉 Mothers and Nurses, so if the Mo●●ers diet be faulty, the Infants should ●●ke soon after their birth those Medi●nes which temper and concentre a ●●wre humour, and such are not ●nly volatile Salts which may safe●● be given to Infants in a small quantity, in Mint and Fennel Waters and Syrups, but also Coral, Pearl, Crab● eyes, and such like, known and frequently used in practice, although the reason of their virtue be know● to few.  
28. If the Infant be too costive, 〈◊〉 must be purged gently, by giving on● or two grains of Diagridium; whic● safely purges Waterish Humours a● well as Choler, although few kno● it. Or the loosening Syrup of Rose● the Syrup of Rhubarb, simple, 〈◊〉 with Succory.  
46. If this opening the Child's bo●● be neglected, you may commonly o● serve that they are gripped, and a whi●● after a Green Purging, and the F●ling-sickness Follows.  
50. These purging and altering Medicines will timely prevent the horrid, destructive and deadly d●●ease.  
51. Which aught the more ca●● fully to be given, when there is n●● only danger of the Falling-sickness by the Mother's bad diet 
* 〈◊〉 ●ant of S●o●●●●h.  while s●● was with child, but chief when ●ere are manifest signs of that sour ●●mour doing harm in the small Gut by ●ipes, and especially a costive body, and ●●en Stools, which forerun the Falling●●kness.  
52. I say they must be given often in 〈◊〉 day; such as Powders 
* Not Magisteries, for they are like a Chip in Pottage.  of Pearl, Read ●oral, Crabs eyes, Chalk, Mineral ●●d Animal Bezoard, Heart's horn, Ivo●●, the Bone of a Deers heart, Elks ●aws, and such like, abounding ●●th volatile Salt.  
53. Also mild volatile Salts may 〈◊〉 added to Aromatical Mixtures 
* Of which see Chap. 2. , ●●d be often used in a day.  
54. Moreover, Clysters of 
* Which is set down in the first Book, ch. 13. §. 51. of the author.  Cow's ●●ilk, Venice Turpentine, the Yolk 〈◊〉 an Egg and such like, may be gi●●n, which will soften the excrements, the Milk will devour the ●●wre humour, wind and vapours ●ill be vented, or choked and ●owned, and the hurtful humours ●awn down by stool; and so hin●ed from ascending.  
55. The humours may be purg●● as directed in §. 48. when they a●● corrected, which cannot be without using Medicines a pretty while.  
56. While these things are giust the Child, care must be taken, l●● the Mother or Nurse use sour Me●● or Sauces, jest she be affrighted grieved; or endure cold Air, or 〈◊〉 her hands into cold Water, or get c●● in her feet; by any of which, th●● noted evils are often bred.  
57 Now if by this method t●● Fits he removed, they must still 〈◊〉 the same medicines, and contin●● using them for some tim●, especia●● such things as break and temper a so●● humour, after which it must be g●●tly purged 
* So Hypocrates teacheth that the humour should first be made fluid and than purged. Aph. 70. §. 7.  and that seldom, ex●● the child be costive, which is ve●● dangerous: Let Nurses and oth●● say what they please to this, a●● ke●p that fancy, that Physicians a●● n●ver or very seldom, unless in des●● rate cases to be sent for.  
58. If Vapours be observed by 〈◊〉 light Fit to stupefy the senses, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Head, the aforesaid Medicines ●●e to be used often; thereby to pre●nt the Falling-sickness; in which ●●se that Cl●ster will help, by drawing out those humours.  

When a child may be called healthy.  59 When the body is enough soble, sleep refresheth, the mind ●eerful, its excrements yellow, its petite to meat moderate, its face ●ell coloured, its flesh firm; in a ●ord, when every thing doth its ●●ce right, its stools are answerable 〈◊〉 its food, and come away with ●●se, and the outward qualities of 〈◊〉 body testify vigour; than are Ingots to be accounted healthy.  
60. All which are promoted by volatile Salts daily used in a small quantity. At which if any carp, 〈◊〉 them bring better, and not idle ●●eir time in refuting others, for ●hat advantageth it to say, that ●●ch a one wrote falsities? which ●as my inducement to writ my ☜ ●wn observations (not meddling with ●hers) and show how they are agreeable to experience.  
61. As for that stupifying qual●● causing a stupidness of all the outwa●● and inward Senses; and proceedi●● from Choler; I judge it may be corrected by volatile (but somewh●● sharp) Salts, and fixed earthy Sal●● Coral, Chalk, Pearl, Crabs ey●● Diaphoretic Antimony, etc.  
62. For as these latter drink up 〈◊〉 oily part of Choler in the small Gut, 〈◊〉 the former volatile Salts do dispe●● with power those hurtful vapours wh●● are or might ascend to the Head, 〈◊〉 purify their Spirits from that harm.  
63. If Foolishness beginning m●● be cured 
* Which if ever, may be expected about the 13th year of their age, which Hypocrates seems to hint in Aph. 45. §. 2. and Aph. 28. §. 3. and most plainly in Aph. 7. §. 5. , I judge those volatile Sa●● will do it, but somewhat sharper: s●●ing I have often observed, that people of years as well as Infant's 〈◊〉 using them a pretty while have g●● all their Senses more vigorous, so th●● their Mind works in them more free●● and subtly than before.   

CHAP. VII. Of Childrens getting Teeth.  
THe difficult getting of Teeth deserves not the last place ●●ong those Diseases that frequent●● and grievously afflict Infants, see●●g that they often endure an exceed●●g pain in the Gums, and a trouble●●e heat in the mouth, and also an inflammation of the Gums, yea the Fal●●g-sickness, and sometimes death ●●ereby.  
2. Teeth commonly appear in infant's after the sixth month, in some ●●oner, that is, in the third or fourth ●●nth, in many later, after they are ●●ght or nine months old, yea, some ●●nes only after a year.  
3. Some get them without much trouble; many with trouble, especial●● if many teeth come together, or t●● Eye-teeths.  
4. Commonly the fore teeth co●● first, both upper and under, wheth●● they come together, or apart; th●● the outer teeth; eight in all.  
5. The Cause of difficult toothin●● is sometimes in the Teeth, 
The Cause.  wh●● they grow slowly, and are blunt, a●● so cut the Gums more difficultly.  
6. Sometimes in the Gums, wh●● their substance is more solid and ha●● not being easily cut by the Teeth.  
7. Which difficult cutting comi●● slowly, causeth pain in them, ●●ing sensible parts, and because t●● substance of the Gums is wor●● and as it were bruised, Blo●● runs out of their vessels, and is st●●ped in their substance, whence com● an Inflammation there, with great p●● and heat, accompanied with waki●● whence arises a continual Fever, different according to the various 〈◊〉 pravation of Humours in the bo●● often raising sour vapours, whi●● coming to the beginning of the Nerves, and provoking them bring the Falling-sickness.  

The Cure.  8. To prevent all these evils, and if they be present, to cure them; we must endeavour, if the teeth come slowly, or the Gums be hot and pained, to soften and mitigate them, and so promote their cutting the Gums.  
9 To soften the Gums we commend unsalted Butter, alone or with Honey; if with ones finger they be often smeared therewith; as also with Cream.  
10. To this end we commend Hares Brains used the same way.  
11. Yea some commend the blood that drops from a Cocks Comb cut of, and rubbed likewise on the Gum.  
12. It is usual to make an Instrument of Ivory, Crystal, Silver 
* Also of Coral. , or any other solid and hard thing, and put it between the Gums, whereby the Teeth cut through them the easier, being pressed by Infants biting.  
13. To this end many commend Wolf's Teeth, as better than other hard things; which if so, we may ascribe it to the volatile Salt in them.  
14. And indeed the Teeth of some fierce wild Beasts, as they are very hard, so they sand forth a volatile salt fume, very piercing, upon which accounts they help to cut the Gums.  
15. As those Teeth, and other things now mentioned, may be held in the mouth, to be bitten; so should they be moved all along the Gums, which is pleasant to Infants, and helps to let out the Teeth.  
16. The foregoing Treatise will afford the Cure of what sickness usually attends Infants toothing.   

CHAP. VIII. Of the Scurf and Scab.  
1. WE come now to the Worm and Scab, often troublesome diseases to Infants.  
2. The Scab goes over all parts of the body, most commonly the Face and Breast, seldom the arms or other parts, as though the Skin were eaten with small Worms, from which a tough Humour like Dew comes forth, making scabs of sundry colours.  
3. The Scurf troubles the Head, especially where Hair grows, so that the hair often falls of, and slowly or never grows▪ again, leaving watery prints in the head without hair.  
4. Seeing the Causes and Cure of these two differ not much, we intent to discourse of them together.  
5. In this Scab little blisters are want first to break out, in any part of the Skin, but especially the face, ●●rs, or arms, sometimes almost over 〈◊〉 whole body; with a great itching▪ by reason of which Infants, if they can, do scratch the parts affected and if they cannot, they rub their face at any thing they meet with nor do they leave of, although after rubbing the parts be read, and the outer skin opened, and both a sharp and biting Liquor, and also Blood runs out by all which the evil is not lessened but rather increased, by spreading more, and breeding new trouble else where.  
6. The humour proceeding by tha● rubbing is either watery, or yellow, o●● of a darker colour.  

The Cause.  7. The same humour is sharp, an● if tasted, found Sour, and inclining to a brinish Saltness.  
8. The same humour is tough an● clammy, sticking to the parts, and growing in a lump, and breeding a Scab, which, if the part be not bore, as is the face, it cleaves to their shirts, so as not to be removed, unless the  be warily moistened before, whereby the Scab may be left on ●he part, which must be done, if the Scab be soon cured.  
9 Beside the Itching a great heat ●s felt in the part affected, manifest ●o ceiling: which I judge is stirred ●p by a bad effervescency there, which Shot.  
10. And he who knows, that ●here are only two sorts of sharp Salts ●f contrary natures, a Lee and sour ●alt; and as they meet, more or ●●ss pure do make an effervescency or ●●position, often accompanied with ●at, seldom with cold; may easily conjecture, that one or both of these ●●lts are amiss in the Infant's body in ●●is disease: which being driven by ●●e blood to the outside of the Body, ●●ps there, and breeds this troublesome distemper.  
11. From the aforesaid Symptoms of this Scab we may conclude, that it is caused by a sharp and also tough humour; but sour.  
12. And why sour? Because any sour thing soon joins itself to a tough and phlegmatic humour, and is carried with it all about the body; to which if a Lee Salt be joined, it readily turns into wind, or at lest doth more blunt that Salt.  
13. Upon this principle confirmed by my practical and chemical observations, I thought, that Lee Salts, mild and fixed, such as is in unslaked Lime, or any kind of volatile Salt were helpful both by reason of it sour sharpness, and tough Phlegm nor did my hope deceive me, fo● shave cured many by both these Salts.  
14. These sour and sharp humour slick in the outside of the body, some times because of the toughness o● Phlegm mixed with them, sometime by some fault in diet; as cold got during Sweat, which stopping th● pores hinders the outlet of those humours; and so makes an imperfect Crisis, as being separated from the blood, but stopped in the pores of the Skin, which may be got also by cold shirts.  
15. These humours sticking in the outside of the body grow worse, and corrupt the Blood that comes near, and 'cause an itching and pain in the parts near them, which being opened by violent rubbing the bad humour comes out, and gets sharpness by the air, like a load stone attracting parts like itself in the air unto it.  
16. Note also, that this sharp humour coming through the skin, infects and likewise affects the parts near it, to which (by reason of its toughness) it cleaves, and creeps further: Upon this account also it becomes contagious, whilst that humour touches others, especially Infants, whose tough humours are sooner infected than theirs that are of age, and longer in curing, as if the Infant's face be touched by any thing of his who is infected.  
17. Such evils seldom arise in the outside of the body by humours diversely sharp and abounding in the blood continually sent to the outside of the skin: but for the most part by the same, though but in small quantity, carried thither by sweat, and staying there corrupt wors●, and corrupt the Blood that comes to those parts, and so continued the distemper longer.  
18. Which is evident, because that Scab is contagious, and infects others by its touch, some of the sharp and more or lesle tough humour cleaving to the others skin, through which it goes, and corrupts the blood that moves to that place, and sticking in the skin, often makes a●long continued distemper.  

The Cure.  19 This is confirmed by the Cure often performed by outward, and without inward medicines, unless there be also observed other faults in the humours, because of which inward Medicines are needed, and not because of this Scab, unless perhaps it be bred 〈◊〉 sweated any way stopped; in which case 〈◊〉 will be good, again to open the way ●●r the humours sticking in the outside 〈◊〉 such sweeting.  
20. But take heed, jest you use ●●ch medicines as any way stop the pores 〈◊〉 the skin, and drive in the bad humour, whence many inconveniences ●●se, as Fevers and sometimes the falling-sickness, and death.  

Many use flowers of Sulphur inwardly and outwardly, which our Author commended, as which destroys the humour of the Scab.  21. Wherhfore in a rational Cure 〈◊〉 this disease, such things must be used, as keep the pores of the skin open, 〈◊〉 and open them; and such as tem●● a sour, and cut and cleanse the ●●ugh humour, and so restore the part evicted, and help to heal.  
22. All which is done by Volatile ●●lts, and by them alone, by the help 〈◊〉 which I have cured many for●nately, soon enough, and with ●se.  
23. Mean while pull not of the ●abs, for that hinders the Cure.  
24. I mention not many approved Medicines for these diseases, ●eing they are to be had in other Authors; I use only these which d● the Cure with speed, safety an● ease, and have liberally laid open the noble way of curing many 
* As the Leprosy, etc.  other evils, and different Scabs on the outside of the body, which was never done by any. Go● grant, that, as I have given i● with a good mind, so it may b● for the good of the afflicted.   

CHAP. IX. Of the Small Pox and Measles.  
1. THe Measles and Small Pox hap to all ages, and especially to Infancy and Childhood, they are commonly explained together, perhaps, because they first appear after the same manner, and sometimes follow one another; many have them twice or thrice, and sometimes in one year.  
2. The Small Pox and Measles are thought unavoidable, although I have known many live to old age, and die without them.  
3. And because the most of Men are liable to them, it is commonly thought, that those bushes arise from the menstruous blood corrupted about the Womb, while it is therein, some part of it having got into the Child, and sooner, or later separated from the blood is driven to the outer part of the body.  
4. As I know no urgent reason against it, so neither can I bring any for it.  
5. This I know, that few escape the Small Pox, but at certain times and years they are Epidemical, and sometimes afflict worse than at other times.  
6. And this also, that a Fever more or lesle accompanies them.  
7. Moreover, the Small Pox and Measles appear after the same manner with small read spots or swell, so that the best Physicians may be deceived at first in their judgement; wherefore I use to suspend mine till the third day.  
8. Yet most commonly about the 3 day the noted swell are want to fade in the Measles, which are more raised and extended in the Small Pox, a pit often appearing in the middle of them: which many account a bad sign, although I have often observed the contrary.  
9 Yet I accounted it a bad sign that those pits should be upon white Pox raised high, it is good that they whither by degrees, but not that they fall, and grow hollon.  
10. As soon as the Spots or Swell appear, the Fever that goes before them is eased.  
11. Yet in the Small Pox they are more raised and extended, which swell breed an hot pain; and after a while are more tolerable: till beginning to ripen they 'cause fresh pain, which goes away again, matter appearing in them, and drying, whether of themselves or by art; and so they fall, prints deeper or more supersicial, remaining in the skin according as the humour has more or lesle sharpness, and in young ones they often go quite away.  
12. Yet sometimes by reason of the sharpness of humours and a great ●itching, many being torn, run into one, and afterwards leave unhandsome scar●, not a little deforming the face.  

Of the Cause of the Small Pox.  13. It is than worth enquiry to know the true Cause especially of the Small Pox, and its Cure, which leaves after it the fewest marks.  
14. First than consider, what is the true cause that sends forth those Spots? Secondly, Why in the Small Pox rather than in the Measles and other Spotted Fevers those spots have a swelling, (which is sometimes also in the Meastes,) but those swell do by degrees ripen under the skin, and do more or lesle fret or eat the skin under them, whence pits and other scars and unhandsome spots often continued after the Cure.  
15. And first, because these spots break forth with a continual Fever, more or lesle burning, sometimes more or lesle dangerous (being either read or wan, purple or black; greater or lesser) I judge, something during that Fever mixed with the Blood, is carried to the outer parts of the body, to be sent out, which yet tarries under the skin, and makes it of several colours, and ill affects the skin, and parts under it.  
16. So that that appearance of Spots ●s Critical, but imperfect, a very subtle humour sticking under the skin, ●ut driven forth when the Fever ●bates.  
17. As pain is more or lesle with ●hose Spots, so the humour is more ●r lesle sharp.  
18. If that humour be sharp, it ●ay the easier stick to the skin, especially, when the body sweeting is laid ●are, or the sweat not coming forth ea●ly is not helped; which may be by ●he fault of the Patient, of Bystanders, or Physicians.  
19 Of the Patient, when he is ●●patient to bear sufficient , ●r take a convenient sweat.  
20. Of Standers-by: when they ●ait not on the sick who perhaps ●ay be raving, and in a sweat lay ●heir bodies naked, not knowing; or if ●●ey cover them not enough, or according to their wit, dissuade the sick ●●om using Medicines, whom they ●e readier to observe than the Physi●an.  
21. Of Physicians, when they a● little skilled in the art, though n●ver so well versed in the reading Authors, and neglect to prescri● sweeting Medicines, that are only to 〈◊〉 used when the Patient sweats little, 〈◊〉 is not eased thereby, in which case 〈◊〉 sweat should be renewed, as well 〈◊〉  or a Bath, as by inward Medicines.  
22. When the Spots are not a● tended with Pain, and so have 〈◊〉 itch or heat, and if the Fever abat●● they will soon fade.  
23. But when there is much sharpness, which appears by an itch, 〈◊〉 small heat, they also will soon fa●● as is usual in the Measles.  
24. But when there is much sharpness, which is known by a troub●● some itch, great heat and pain, th●● there is danger, jest some corrupt on breed within the skin, or in t●● parts under it.  
25. If the sharpness be of the nature of a Lee Salt it mortifies, as ha●pens in a Gangrene and Cankered Spo●● frequent in the Plague, and is black or wan.  
26. If the sharpness be of a sour nature the Part is likewise corrupted, but not so mortified, nor black, but rather white, being first read, like Blood turning into Matter, as is common in the Small Pox.  
27. If the sharpness partake both of a Lee-Salt and Sourness mixed, and much of them, than the swell are read, and burning, but have a white and sometimes wan pimple in the midst, discharging a filthy and wan matter, corrupting the parts after a mixed manner, as happens in a Carbuncle.  
28. Yet because in the Small Pox, of which now, the Blood turns by degrees into matter, which is different according to the difference of the Blood and Humour, more or lesle impure, we judge it proceeds from a Sour Sharpness.  
29. When the Sour humour in the Pimples is blunted, and as it were conquered, whether by the corrupted Blood alone, or by Medicines inward or outward, the Matter dries up.  
☞ 30. The greatest difficulty now lies in determining the rise of that sharp humour causing the Small Pox, seeing many think it arises from the Mother's Blood (while she bears the Child) staying about the Womb, and as it were corrupted, and conveyed into the Child, where it lies, till it be sooner or later brought out, and so after a ●ever breed these Pox.  
31. That blood for the first three months does thus stay in the Womb is clear, from Abortion often thereby caused.  
32. And that Blood stayed there, is changed and corrupted 'tis not improbable.  
33. Nor is it absurd to say that this blood thus corrupted may be mixed with that Blood which goes into the Child.  
34. Many conjecture, but do not prove that that Blood mixed with the other, keeping its infection may be carried about the body for many years without any harm, for the blood cannot be mixed with it, and get no harm: which assertion I incline to believe, though I can neither prove nor disprove it.  
35. This I think however, if such a thing be, the corruption of the Mother's blood in the Child is not such as would tender it unfit to nourish the body, and do its other offices; but such, as can lie long in the body and do it no harm, until it be stirred up, and put upon its work, accompanied by a continual Fever.  
36. That which stirs it up is the air most commonly, peculiarly ill affected; Whence the Small Pox are so often Epidemical, even in all seasons of the year.  
37. The Small Pox may also be stirred up by peculiar Food, which many Infants using in the same house fall sick upon, although elsewhere they come not; unless any had rather think, that than this danger is in the Air or Chamber of any house.  
38. A Fright also often causes the Small Pox, as it does the Plague, and other dangerous diseases.  
39 Yet still we have as great a puzzle to extricate from, in determining the place or part where this corrupted Blood can lie hid.  
40. Which I take to be in the Glandules of the Kidneys, not knowing the true use of them.  
41. Although I conclude that a Sour Humour causes the Small Pox, and have already given my reasons for it, yet I am not satisfied, what the faultiness of that Sourness is; it will than be the more difficult to determine the place where it is kept.  
42. If that Sour Humour were very sharp, it could not be hid in the Blood, but would more and more corrupt it; but it is brought to rest and made dull so, as with facility to gain its former sharpness, and than to corrupt the Blood.  
43. My reason is, because the blood is not corrupted, when that sour humour gins to work, while the former Fever continues, when it is sent to the outside of the Body, and the Swell appear; but than, it hath stuck some days in the Swell, when they increase gradually, when Heat, Redness and Pain are in those Swell.  
44. For than, that Sour Humour being loosed of its Fetters, corrupts the nourishing Blood which comes towards the surface of the skin, raiseth a bad effervescency with it in every Pox, which inclines to an Inflammation, and imparts its harm to all the Blood, which being transmitted to the Heart, causes a Fever till by degrees, partly by the Blood, corrupted in every Swelling or Pox, partly by outward and inward Medicines, prudently and diligently used, that Sour Humour is made weaker and subdued, and the Pox full of matter fall of.  
45. So than this Sour but dull Humour causing the Small Pox, gets its Sharpness, when being sent every way, it sticks in the surface or outside of the Body, and by sticking there is made sharper, and corrupts the nourishing Blood that comes near it, and breeds many Inflammations, and after them Ulcers; which being either opened, matter runs out, or by little and little dried, the Scabs fall of, both the spots remaining, and sometimes their hollow places more or lesle deep.  
46. If the Small Pox come forth in or about the Spring, the spots disappear in the same Summer; But if they be in Autumn, they continued all that winter, and fade the next Summer.  
47. Also lesser Pits commonly fill in young people, but blemish the faces of years, especially if they be deep, and have made scars.  
48. The Small Pox are sometimes dangerous, so that not only many die of them, but loose sight or hearing, and motion of many parts, sometimes casting them into a Consumption, or troublesome Cough and Leanness.  
49. The more need than to be exact in their Cure. 
Of their Cure.   
50. If they be Epidemical, and have dangerous Symptoms, remove Infants or others of tender years, who have not had them, into a wholesome air, where the Small Pox are not come, and continued them there till they be gone, or become not so dangerous.  
51. If on the contrary, the Small Pox be gentle, and few, ripen soon, fall, not much deforming the face, than I think it prudent that Infants in health should live in the same chamber with the sick, and have them when they are most gentle.  
52. Moreover if any bad humours ●e in them, either as to quality or quantity, they must be altered, corrected, or carried forth, and if the Pox ●ome afterwards, they will the lesle effect them, and be sooner cured.  
53. At such times as soon as Infant's ●ave any Fever, or pain in the Head, ●ough, Loathing, or Purging, or any ●hing else wrong, whether others have the Pox in the same house, or if they be observed Epidemical elsewhere, the prudent Physician should carefully observe, what humours especially are faulty, and what way they incline, whether to Vomiting, or Stool, or Sweeting, and accordingly prescribe things convenient.  
54. If Blood abound in any, who may bear Blood-letting, they should do it speedily, and take a convenient quantity.  
55. If the disaffection of the Patient, and especially the Fever permit, a Vomit or Purge or Sweat may be given not only the same day, but an hour after bleeding, according as Loathing, or a desire to go to Stool, or a disturbance in the Belly, or Moisture, shall persuade what should be done, whereby part of the bad humour, which might come to the surface of the Body, and breed the Small Pox, is wholly sent out of the body; and so they of necessity must be fewer, and more gentle.  
56. I commend Medicines made of Antimony before any other in this disease, both because they have great efficacy and virtue of purifying the Blood from any humour, and because they are more universal than others, and expel the humours by more ways than others.  
57 Nor is it enough to give them once, but sometimes they should be given many days together, till both the Fever, and other Symptoms be removed, or at lest lessened: whereby the Pox use to be few, and gentle; yea, my Patients have seen them in their Stools, and felt great ease thereupon.  
58. When the former Fever declines, and they appear more or lesle, and the Symptoms that accompany their breaking forth are almost removed, than it is good to use Diaphoretick Antimony, Mineral Bezoard, or any Medicine of Antimony that sweats, by which whatever is mixed with the Blood, will be sent forth through the pores of the Body.  
59 By these also the Ripening, Drying and Falling of the Small Pox will be helped on.  
60. These are the best Medicines that can be used inwardly, next to which are Sealed Earth's, Bowl Armoniac, Earth of Lemnia, Oriental and Occidental Bezoar Stone, any unicorns horn, Ivory, Harts born, and especially any Volatile Salt.  
61. Among outward things we commend those which temper heat in the Small Pox (inclining to ripen) and the sharpness of the humours that breed them; such as are in daily use, pretty fat Mutton-broths, Swine's Lard, whether new or old, by which the Small Pox in the face, and hands may be anointed or covered, often doing it afresh. Also as the Swell break forth, I would have volatile Salts mixed with Spirit o● Wine and Camphire, and simple waters be applied by a Linne● Cloth, in time to overcome the sour humour, and prevent any no● table harm.  
62. Some boil Figs in water or ●eer, which although I blame not because it does good) yet I commend ●ot, because it sticks too much to ●he parts, and makes a stiff scab, ●hich is troublesome.  
63. Some also to keep many Pox ●om the face, and draw them to the ●et, put the Infant's feet in warm Cow's ●ilk, at their first appearance, which as success, but harm the Feet, filling ●hem with Pox, which cause great ●ain, and daily weaken the feet, yet 〈◊〉 they do for beauty sake.  
64. If what we have said have ●een neglected, or they have got ●old when they should sweated, and ●●y of the humour remain in the Blood, 〈◊〉 be sent back to it, and so there be ●●nger that it breed an Inflammation, or ●lcer; above all the sick should use antimonial Medicines often and ●●ng; in which case also Balsam of sulphur is good, made with oil of●nise-seeds, or oil of Amber or Juniper, if not too unpleasant; which oils ●ere better if made into Balsam with ●e flowers of Antimony.  
65. If there be Ulcers before these Medicines be used, they will soon cure them. In which case I also refer you to the fortieth Chapter of my first book 
* Which is in English.   
66. If the Symptoms accompanying the Small Pox be various, the Cure must be peculiar accordingly.  
67. The Eyelids endure much pain and trouble, sometimes by the Pox blinding them, and by crying which swells them, and opens many Pox before they be ripe, the sharp humour coming out and fretting the eye, hurts the sight.  
68 In such cases Women use only their own Milk, or put a little Saffron to it; which others dissolve only in Rose-water, and lay  we● therewith to the eyes, and not badly done.  
69. Yet the juice of Chervil bruise● is better, putting thereto Fenel or Rose-water, laid warm by wet  upon the eyes, often changing them, by which help many fore cited evils may be removed.  
70. The evil is worse, when part of the humour that breeds the Small Pox gets within the bollow of the Eyes, by which all the humours of the eye are confused, and so Sight is lost.  
71. The evil is yet worse, when the hurtful humour is got into the Muscles of the Eyes, and breeds a dangerous Inflammation, not only taking away sight, but sometimes casting out the Eye.  
72. Although a complete Cure can seldom be in this case, yet we must endeavour, that none of those things be neglected, which may as well preserve the sight as the eye, using outwardly Pultisses that finely alloy an Inflammation, and disperse the humour there, as much as may be: of which consult Surgeons writings: Apples a little sour are good in the Poultis.  
73. If there be an Inflammation in the Ears, what we speak of elsewhere, may also here be used: the soft of warm white bread, having a little Spirit of Wine and Spirit of Sal Armoniac mixed with it, and laid ho● into and upon the ear: a Decoction of Wormwood, of Centaury the lesle Southernwood, or of any other Aromatical plants poured warm into the ear; any Balsam of Sulphur, a few drops at a time.  
74. If a difficult breathing, or 〈◊〉 Cough trouble the sick with the Small Pox, Antimonial Medicines are best, and especially such as sweat● also Volatile Salts.  
75. If there be other Symptoms Physicians need not be at a loss for Medicines, if they understand Anatomy, and the structure of man's body, the nature and virtue of th● humours, and especially be well stored with good and truly made Medicines.  
76. Those things which disperse the Spots, and take away unseeml●scars, must be sought in the Ornamental part of Physic.   

CHAP. X. Of Worms.  
Worm's are deservedly reckoned among those Disases' which frequently afflict In●ants and Children, seldom, though sometimes, troubling people of ●ears.  
2. I will not here recite all the ●●rts of Worms, but long and smooth Worms, which afflict us all our Childhood.  
3. They are altogether against Nature, seeing they aught not to be 〈◊〉 us, and do us harm; biting, boring ●nd consuming the body, and often causing Fevers, the Falling-sickness, ●nd sometimes Death.  
4. They are most commonly in the Small Gut, and often come into the Stomach, Gullet and Mouth, and are often that way vomited they also go downward to the thick or (lower) Guts, and come out at the Fundament, often by Stool.  
5. They are sometimes in the Kidneys (commonly in Dogs) and there waste their substance.  
6. They are commonly bred by too much meat, especially Flesh, and green Fruit: which not fermenting enough, turn into crudities in the small Gut, and by degrees corrupt and breed Worms.  
7. In which corruption of Crude Meat sharp vapours are bred, which flying up and down prick the Guts than the Stomach, and coming u● the Gullet prick the Nostrils also (which makes them rub the Nostril often, and gripe the Stomach, ca●sing suspicion of Worms,) now these vapours go through the Mill●veins to the Heart, they breed a Fever, and going to the roots of the Brain, and working upon them bring the Falling-Sickness and Convulsion, and after them Death.  
8. For the sharpness of Putrid Humours and Vapours extinguisheth the lively Effervescency, as Anatomical experience confirms; for squirt any sharp Liquor in at a Vein as soon as it comes to the heart, the Creature dies.  
9 Seeing than that Worm's cause such evils, we must endeavour to prevent their breeding by a convenient and moderate diet; and where bad diet has been, contrary should be given; and such medicines as correct those crudities, and if they be much 
* Which is to be known by the bodies great disorder. , than purge them; if there be Worms already bred, they must be killed, and sent forth.  
10. Seeing Children are commonly great eaters, especially of flesh; they should by little and little be accustomed to lesle food, and that taken in season, and eat much Bread with the Flesh, which will sooner fill them, and so lesle endanger Worms.  
11. They must forbear often using much sweet Milk, and Cheese, and Green Fruits, especially Plumbs, which are noted to breed Worms.  
12. Seeing much eating makes Crude Humours, especially Phlegmatic; bitter aromatical things are best, which correct and amend Phlegm, and help fermentation, and turn meat into good nourishment, and so prevent many evils.  
13. To this end Volatile Salts are good, as promoting Fermentation, and correcting Phlegm, and dispersing Wind, its common companion, and which swell the belly, taking them as directed before.  
14. Stubborn and tough Phlegm, and therefore the worse to be amended may be purged out by Senna, Agarick, but especially dulcified Mercury, contrary as well to Worms as to that which breeds them.  
15. The forecited bitter things kill Worms, especially wormseed about ten grains taken at a time or more, according to the child's age, being powdered and mixed with Sugar, or infused in a bag in Mead, one or two of it being daily taken.  
16. Dulcified Mercury best of all expels Worms, a few grains of it being taken in solutive Syrup of Roses, or of Senna, or any other Syrup.  
17. The Sour Spirits of Vitriol and Sulphur are in common use to kill Worms; which I confess cut Phlegm, and kill Worms, a few drops of them being given in daily drink, used a pretty while: But they are not alike profitable to all, seeing they sharpen the appetite and increase a sour humour, both often hurtful to little ones: Wherhfore, unless they be also thirsty, I had rather Volatile Salts were used, and bitter plants.   

CHAP. XI Of the Rickets.  
1. THe Rickets seems to take its name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a disease in the Spine or Backbone, and may be defined an irregular and unequal nourishment of the parts of the Body: The Head being greater than naturally it should be, and often the Forehead growing out before: All the Limbs and Muscles of the body lose, limber, soft, and pined as it were with a Consumption, so that the skin hangs lose: The bones about the joints, especially the wrists and ends of the Ribs big, and that with solid bone: The body is observed not to be so stiff as others are after death: The breast le●n, and very straight, sharp forwards, not unlike a Cocks: The Belly lean, but swelled by a great Liver; and Wind in the Stomach and Guts, which also swells the other . The Lungs often grow to the sides, and h●ve clods of blood, or Ulcers sometimes in them, often water in the breast, and ventricles of the Brain, all which are not bred on a sudden but by degrees, and first begin with a mo●●slorid habit of body.  
〈…〉 nourishment of the parts is caused by an unequal distribution of blood in the arteries; those which go into the head called Carotides being very large, as also the jugular veins; but those arteries and veins which convey nourishment to the rest of the body are very small, and the parts insensible by sluggishness and want of Spirits, which also hinder the arteries in their office, whence follows a general weakness, and averseness to motion, the blood being unequally dispersed to the parts which are lesle nourished.  
3. Several parts of the bones are over-nourished, which so often makes Limbs crooked, for if bones grow out on one side more than on the other, they must needs be crooked there, for larger veins and arteries run into those parts of the bones which grow big, whilst the other parts of the bones by the straitness of those arteries which convey blood to nourish them, are not enough moistened by it, (there being also a peculiar indisposition of blood) hence Infants are seldom born with it, because all parts are alike equally nourished in the womb by heat dispersed alike to every part.  
4. The disease may be hereditary, if the parents be Cachectick, 
Of the Cause if hereditary.  etc. or abound with phlegmatic or watery humours, which are conveyed in conception to the Infant; also great hunger, much vomiting, purging or bleeding, or sweeting, yea any disease that wastes the body, will 'cause an inbred disposition to the Rickets.  
5. The Child is lesle vigorous and active, more dull and insensible when the parents one or both are soft of life and effeminate, and do not stir much; when they use a moist and full diet, are given to pleasure, idleness and much sleep, especially after meat. a sedentary life and without care: The parts being thus dull the blood in its circulation is changed accordingly, and seed bred of such blood must needs be such, and also make the Infant of that temper.  
6. To which the mother's unwholesome diet while with child contributes not a little, also too free bleeding, too much venery, too long suckling another child, which hinders nourishment from coming to the conception; also daily hunger, want of appetite or of digestion, too much sleeping, and averseness to exercise, not but that their exercise and waking should be very moderate (jest they offer violence to the womb and cause miscarriage) which make the Mother more healthly and the conception more vigorous, active, and lesle drowsy.  
7. Whether the disease be hereditary, or creep in by degrees upon the Infant, 
If breeding in the Child.  where the sorecited symptoms are, they make the humours faulty, which do the like to the blood and spirits, whereby all offices of the body are performed accordingly.  
8. A redundancy of Phlegm even in the Stomach makes the Chyle phlegmatic, which Chyle changes the Blood accordingly, of which Blood, seeing the Humours are bred, they must needs be of the same hue, which will 'cause a flower circulation of them all, and so by consequence much toughness in Spittle, and Sourness in the juice of the Sweetbread, which Dr. Glisson 
* D● Rach●tide, p. 197, 201, ●16.  seems to hint but very obscurely, as not knowing what way it comes into the Stomach, in which place when they 
* Of which see my Apparatus.  are returned, as they constantly do, they raise a faulty effervescency, and still more and more, yea, anew increase Phlegm in the habit of body.  
9 Choler also may justly be supposed, as it abounds with Phlegm, so to have a narcotick quality, which will 'cause the Spirits to be drowsy and sluggish, as Phlegm and sourness make the Limbs lose and soft, weak and languid: For seeing good nourishment is ascribed to a Lee-Salt in Choler, and a sour humour destroys it as Phlegm dulls it, leanness must needs. follow where these are. I confess a sour humour does make Chyle in the Stomach, but that Lee Salt must separate the excrements in the small Guts from Chyle, and this perhaps is done by precipitation.  

The six things called Non▪ naturales.  10. The abuse of those six things ●alled non-naturales will deprave the humours: and First, Air, if it be cloudy, Northern and sharp, thus maritine and fenny places contribute ●hereto; so fine linen shirts and not well dried, make the blood more sluggish; also exhalations of Ours, etc.  
11. Secondly, Meat and Drink, as Sea-fish, raw meats, full diet causing crudities, dried and salted flesh and fish, milk sweetened with Sugar, old milk, stolen or tart wine or beer, all which lessen or destroy the natural heat.  
12. Thirdly, Motion and Rest. Want of exercise dulls the natural heat, by which the body should be nourished, in dispersing the Blood and Spirits.  
Fourthly, As for Grief and other Passions, children are not liable to them.  
13. Fifthly, Sleep and Waking Sleep may be more allowed children than men, yet if it be above measure, it does the same harm that want of exercise does; if too little it hinders digestion, makes the blood sharp, and weakens the Spirits, which things are inlets to a phlegmatic and sour humour, the cause of this disease.  
14. Sixthly, Voiding and retaining excrements, as Sweated, Urine Stool, etc. as any of which are stopped, so they 'cause a peculiar hurt unto the blood. Too much Sweat, etc. waste the Spirits, and dispose the body to this disease.  
15. The child that is born with the Rickets (which rarely happens ere it be seven or nine months old) is seldom cured, also the elder he is and the more stirring, the sooner he is cured; Children of strong constitutions have been cured by exercise and rubbing alone, which stirring up heat, breeds new Spirits, and shakes of their drowsiness, and nourishes the limbs.  
16. If the child have other diseases complicated with it, it is the worse to cure: The stronger the disease is, the worse to cure: With an Hydrocephalus (or water opening the head) as also the Pox, etc. it is commonly deadly.  
17. Softness of life and idleness will bring it into great men's Cradles: If it come upon the striking in of a Scurf or Scab, when they break forth again, it may be easily cured.  

The Cure.  18. I. The coldness of the Limbs require to be warmed. II. The want of Spirits to be repaired, and thei● drownness shaken of. III. The looseness of the flesh to be filled, and th● unequalness of nourishment to b● replenished.  
19 I. The coldness of the limb must be warmed by such things a dry and heat the parts: Daily rubbing and swinging the body more o● lesle as they are used to it, (whic● must be forborn when a little redness appears) much contribute t● the Cure, while Medicines are used inwardly to purify the blood, and ointments outwardly to strengthen the limbs, (of which anon.) Mean while let the six non-natural thing be used contrary to what is set down in §. 11. to §. 15. corpse shirts should be worn, which by rubbing the parts increase natural heat: Meat and drink should be of easy digestion 〈◊〉 No sweet things, unless mixed with that is spirituous. Stool and Urine could be proportionable to their ●eat and drink or sucking.  
20. Amongst such things as heat ●he body, we may reckon all aroma●cal spirits, as uncompounded Trea●e water of our describing, Tincture of Cinnamon, Aqua mirabilis, the ●●rminative Spirit of Silvius, etc. also Chemical Oils of Mace, Rosemary, Orange-peel, Carua's, etc. and which is strongest of all, Oil of ●loves, and yet of much more ver●●e, if embodied with a volatile Salt, and the most proper remedy in this ●se, a drop or two being a dose, and repeated two or three times a day, ●●ill the disease decline) in any plea●nt liquor, or in a little balm, or ●ennel water. Where note, that if ●●e Mother take of these drops while ●●e is with child, I have observed ●●e enjoys better health, and also ●●ings forth a more vigorous child.  
21. II. The same Aromaticks, if ●●ined to volatile Salts, will repair ●he Spirits, as being most homogegeneous to them of any medicine 〈◊〉 and will also remove and correct the● drowsiness of the Spirits, by giving them new matter and strength, and making them active and quick in their motion, as it were forcing them; such are Spirit of Urine, o● Soot rectified upon Salt of Tartar▪ which will make it more grateful and operative; Spirit of Harts-horne exalted, by mixing it with highly rectified Spirit of Sal Armoniac; also that Spirit itself which likewise may be heightened by incorporating a very little of any Chemical oil wit● it: In this case it were not amiss t● fume all the child's , some times with Amber, Mastic, etc.  
22. Admit what hath been said and it will be most evident, tha● warmness of the blood contribute● much to its vigorous motion, seein● we daily observe, that coldness cause weak and slow motion of body 〈◊〉 which I take to be an effect of th● slow motion of Blood, retarded b● its stupifying enemy, Cold: And a● ●ubbing the limbs makes the joints ●imble; so spirituous Medicines abounding with only volatile Salt, ●dd vigour afresh, and make the circulation of Blood much more speedy, and indeed without any danger: after, and by which,  
III. The flesh soon fills the skin, ●nd the parts of the body are all equally nourished. I forbear to recite ●arge Catalogues of Simples which ●ight be proper to these purposes, ●s knowing that children are nice, ●nd can scarce be prevailed with to ●ake even the smallest, much lesle, ●reat doses: and seeing these may ●●e given in their milk or drink, they ●ay be the better beguiled; scarce discerning them.  
23. Where children do abound with humours, they may be carried ●ut by Sweat, by Stool or Vomit; choler and the Juice of the Sweetbread through their own passages into the Guts ●y Stool; into the Stomach by Vomit. Aromaticks and Volatile Salts if ●hey sweated not the child, will make way by insensible transpiration, or Urine, and so clear the blood o● those dregss, and the better if a few grains of Helmont's Diaphoretic Antimony, or Mineral Bezoard be given with them: as for Example,  
Take Balm and Borage Waters, of each an ounce; Tincture of Cinnamon a drachm; Mineral Bezoard ten grains; Oily Volatile Salt three drops; Syrup of th●● five opening Roots, or of Parsley half an ounce: Mix them, an● give the Child a little at a time A spoonful or two when you desire it should sweated.  
24. As for Vomits, I prefer Minerals before Vegetables, and sha●● say nothing of the latter, having ever found an infusion of Glass o● Antimony safe, pleasant to take, benign, and effectual, being exact i● its dose. For Example, Infuse tw● drachms of Glass of Antimony in 〈◊〉 Gill of White wine or Sack, sometimes giving the Bottle a shake, after two days, you may give almost a drachm to a child a year old. Six drachms or an ounce is an ordinary dose for a man or woman.  
I know Vomits are dreaded, and good reason, because they move the body 40, 50 or 60 times, whereas mine vomit but 6, 8 or 10 times, and have done their work in about two hours. I confess Vomits must be cautiously used, and where purges will do, are not needed.  
25. To purge the foresaid Humours half a quarter of a grain of Elaterium, or two drachms of Lenitive Electuary, or of that called Benedictum Laxativum, or Catholicon dissolved in warm Posset-drink, will ●e very proper; Or two or three grains of Rosin of Jalap, and as much of Mercurius dulcis, which use not ●o gripe, especially if the aforesaid altering Medicines have been used a while, to prepare the humours for a quiet departure. It is much safer to purge often, and by little and little, rather than strongly though but once, which may endanger the child's life. Three or five grains of  pills may be taken, and if they purge not, two or three days after, more may be taken; for if they work not, they prepare the humours: Mean while continued using Volatile Salts.  
26. If any look upon Volatile Salts with a prejudice, which yet are more universal than others, and in no disease more than in this, 
Which will make the Blood circulate more vigorously, and rid●● of phlegmatic humours, ●●●●●d 〈…〉.  Anti-venereals and Antiscorbutics may be used in Decoctions, as China, Sasaparilla, Sassaphras, Agrimony, Liverwort, Maiden's hair, Cresses, also Lavender flowers, etc. It is not safe to purge or vomit while the child is gripped: If it have a looseness Rhubarb is the fittest, purging choler and water, after that it binds the body, about 10 or 12 grains may be a dose, taking in Syrup of Coral, or any binding Syrup. If the looseness be violent 2 or 3 grains of Silvius Diascordium may be given sometimes; which will also be effectual against sweeting, if the child be much troubled therewith; for else it will waste his strength, and delay the cure.  
27. An Issue in the Neck is good if there be an Hydrocephalus, where the bones are crooked; as much as may be, they should be set straight by Laced Boots, and the hollow side of the bended bones rubbed, which will bring the nourishing juice of the Blood thither: Also to strengthen the body, many wear Bodice with Whalebone, and lay a little Pillow under the crook of their back at night.  
28. Let them not try to walk till they have well recovered strength. Rock them much till they be asleep, and let the Cradle feet be much ●owed: Some thrust their fingers under the short Ribs to loosen the ●iver from the Peritonaeum.  
29. The Child may be bathed in little Sage or Bay, Rosemary, Agrimony leaves; Elder Flowers, Briony ●nd Spanish Angelica Roots, Goose●ng, etc. boiled in water, putting a little Wine to it after boiling.  
30. Of Oils I commend those of Swallows, Earthworms, Camomile, etc. especially Man's fat alone, or mixed with a little Nerve Ointment, or that called Martiatum, Aregon, etc. which will alloy a swollen Belly, if anointed therewith. Also a Plaster of that called Stomach plaster and Sylvius' Carminative plaster, in equal quantities spread on Leather, and laid upon the Belly where it is hard.  
And thus much concerning Infants Diseases, which I hope will be profitable to Practitioners, and especially to sick Infants.   
FINIS.   

THE INDEX. An Apparatus or Introduction to the following Chapters.  

CHAP. I Of the Jaundice. 1  
CHAP. II. Of Gripes in the Belly. 31  
CHAP. III. Of a Green Purging, with a Sour smell. 45  
CHAP. IV. Of Belches, the Hicket, Loathing, Pain at the Heart, and Vomiting, Curdled Milk especially. 49  
CHAP. V Of the Thrush. 59  
CHAP. VI Of the Falling-Sickness. 76  
CHAP. VII. Of getting Teeth. 95  
CHAP. VIII. Of the Scurf and Scab. 99  
CHAP. IX. Of the Small Pox and Measles. 107  
CHAP. X. Of Worms. 127  
CHAP. XI. Of the Rickets. 132   
FINIS.