THE HISTORY and MYSTERY OF THE VENEREAL LVES  
Concisely abstracted and Modelled (occasionally) from serious strict Perpensions, and critical Collations of divers repugning Sentiments and contrary Assertions of Eminent Physicians: English, French, Germane, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian dissenting Writers.  
CONVINCING By Argument and Proof the Traditional Notions touching this Grand Evil, and common reputed Practice grounded thereon, as erroneous and unsound.  
Solving the most dubious and important Queries concerning the abstruse Nature, difficult and deceitful Cures of this Popular Malady.  
WITH Animadversions upon various Methods of Cure, practised in those several Nations.  
By E. Maynwaringe Doctor in Physic.  
LONDON, Printed by J. M. and Sold by the Booksellers, MDCLXXIII.   

Licenced  
Novemb. 18. 1672. Roger L'Estrange.   

Ratio Operis. The Occasion, Design, and Management of this Work, Apologetically prefixed.  
THE vast extent and comprehension of the Medical Study, taking cognizance of all things comprised in the Universe, Celestial and Terrestrial: as also the prodigious company of multifarious Diseases and Discomposures in the Microcosm; are not the whole labours and difficulties attending this Science, but to make this Undertaking more intricate and perplex, the variety of dissenting Judgements upon every Disease, gives a strange check and distraction to prevent and frustrate a certain, steady, well-grounded Knowledge.  
Particularly and for Example, the Subject in hand offers great dissatisfaction and disappointment to the industrious Sceptical Physician that is in pursuit of a complete indubious knowledge; by reason and from the dissimilar opinions and clashing of Authors of the highest reputed Rank, which for number and variety of different persuasions, scarce any Disease can equalise or parallel this.  
And notwithstanding they are thus divided, and have eagerly hunted and cast about this way and that way to find the right scent; yet after all they are at a loss, are forced to acquiesce, and most of them sit down and conclude with this determination, that the Venereal Pox is Morbus occultus. And although in practical points, the generality of Professors are easily persuaded and lightly take up this or that Course of Physic for this Disease (commonly from the ' greater number of Assertors and Followers thereof in Practice) and prosecute a Method of Cure upon fallacious unbottomed presumptuous and traditional Prescripts. Yet there are some, and but a few, that are not so satisfied, that are not thus lightly carried away, and stifle their Judgements in the great Current of general Opinions; but are laborious and diligent to acquire such a knowledge and stable Judgement as will abide the Batteries of all contrary opinionated Gainsayers and Disputers: and in the Therapeutic part, to purchase such Medicinal Arcana's, as will certainly and speedily rescue tortured man from this affrighting and defaming Malady.  
And although many discouragements present upon such enterprises to deter the Undertakers; yet notwithstanding I have endeavoured to clear up and bring forth this latent Disease out of the obscurity and uncertainty, wherein various entangled Judgement have involved it, and rank it in the number of manifest and known Diseases; being a Work of such importance to Mankind, as none other is greater in the whole Catalogue of Sicknesses.  
This Disease is not mean and contemptible, but Lords it over the rest, is familiar with Nobles, and hath admittance into the Courts of Princes. For its frequency, popularity, and diffusiveness none exceeds it, being confined to no Region, Country, or Climate; but perambulates hic & ubique and walks through the Earth, visiting all Nations. The contagious Seminary of this Lues lies in Ambuscade, assaults and sets upon Mankind several ways, seizeth upon various parts, fastens here and sometimes there uncertainly, appears in divers shapes, affrights with dismembering or disfiguring, tortures tightly, kills slowly, acts many tedious and dolorous parts, and makes its Exit dubiously.  
This Manual, though mean in bulk, compriseth the sum of what hath been delivered by Authors concerning this grand Disease; presents you with variety of dissonant and jarring opinions, in the Rise and Antiquity thereof, in its subtle nature, causes, seat of residence, various kinds, Diaetetick institutions, indications for Cure, designments and adaptation of Medicines, with the Author's decision and determination thereupon. And this uniform Draught (with the help of practical and often experimented proofs) I have abstracted and modelled out of the difformity and confusion of thwarting Judgements, and settled such informing Notions of this Disease, as may render the Cures thereof more certain, safe, and expeditious; very useful to whom it may concern, either as Practisers or Patients: the truth whereof I doubt not but will appear confirmed upon trial of what is here proposed, and set forth in the Front of this Work.  
London, From my House in Fetter-lane. E. M.   

Books lately Printed for the Booksellers of London.  
PRaxis Medicorum, Antiqua & Novae. The Ancient and Modern Practice of Physic, Examined, Stated, and Compared. The Preparation and Custody of Medicines, proved to be the Physicians proper charge and grand duty. The new Mode of Prescribing and Filing Recipes with the Apothecaries, manifested an imprudent invention and pernicious innovation, etc. By E. Maynwaringe, Dr. in Physic.  
Morbus Polyrhizos & Polymorphaeus. A Treatise of the Scurvy: Examining Opinions of the most solid and grave Writers, concerning the Nature and Cure of this Disease. Determining the whole matter from the latest Experiments and best Observations. The fourth Impression with Additions. By the same Author.  
Tabidorum Narratio. A Treatise of Consumptions; Scorbutic Atrophies, Tabes Angelica, Hectic Fevers, Phthises, Spermatic and Venereous Wastings; radically demonstrating their Nature and Cures from vital and morbific Causes. The Second Edition. By the same Author.  
Vita Sana & Longa. The Preservation of Health and Prolongation of Life; proposed and proved in the due observance of considerable precautions, and daily practicable Rules, relating to Body and Mind; compendiously abstracted from the Institutions and Law of Nature. By the same Author.  
Medicus Absolutus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The Complete Physician, qualified and dignified. The Rise and Progress of Physic, Historically, Chronologically, and Philosophically illustrated. Physicians of different Sects and Judgements charactered and distinguished; the abuse of Medicines, imposture of Empirics and illegal Practisers detected: Cautioning the diseased in the use of Medicines; and informing them in the choice of a good Physician. By the same Author.   

THE HISTORY AND MYSTERY OF THE VENEREAL LVES.  

CHAP. I.  
Of the various names given to this Disease in several Countries.  
THE denomination of Diseases is not to be neglected, and passed over as frivolous; for as much as most Diseases have names significant and proper; or denoting something remarkable, appertaining thereto.  
This Disease as it wandered about in several parts of the World, hath changed its name almost in every Country where it appeared; but why this malady should not retain and own a constant name, but pass under several appellations, the reasons may be: 
Heteronymiaes ratio. 1.  First, The scandal of the Disease, that no Nation is willing to own it, for the place of its birth and original descent; but quit themselves and lay the imputation upon another Country; hence it is called by the French, the Neapolitan Disease, as taking its rise, or being first known in Europe at the Siege of Naples; the Italians return it back again, and call it the French Malady, and in England it is commonly known by the French Pox, as being first transported hither from France: in the Low Countries it commonly goes by the name of the Spanish Pox, being brought by the Spanish Soldiery into the Netherlands; but the Spaniards to quit themselves from the original extract of this evil, call it Patursa, or the Indian Disease; as having brought it over with them from West India, in that Voyage Columbus made about the year 1492. to discover the Western parts of the World.  
Secondly, 
Ratio. 2.  The various opinions among Writers concerning the nature and rise of this Disease, hath caused it thereby to be known by several names, answering such their Conceptions: Fracastorius calls it Syphilis, some pudendagra, because commonly seated in the privities; others mentagra, and some call it the great Pox to distinguish it from Variolae the small Pox, but Fernelius terms it Lues Venerea from the usual procuring cause, which appellation we retain chief through the progress of this discourse; and although there are other Diseases arising from Venus by excess or defect thereof; yet this exceeding all the rest in cruelty and pertinacy, may well carry the title from the rest, and be styled eminenter, the Venereal Lues.   

CHAP. II.  
The Antiquity, and Rise of the Venereal Disease.  
ABout the original descent of this malady, Writers do much differ and vary in their opinions: some would have it a new Disease, others plead for its Antiquity; some would have it to take its rise from this Nation and Country, others from another Region: that you may be acquainted with the several persuasions of learned grave Authors touching this matter; I shall give you some brief account of their different judgements in this point, worth your observation, and then abstract my own determination, from the most valid reasons and probability of truth.  
Some will have this Disease to take its rise at the French Camp before Naples, in the year 1494. and till then was not known: others will have the West-India to be its native place, where it is endemical; and that Columbus his Soldiers at their return from discovering the Western World, brought it thence into Spain; who upon their arrival were dispatched away to Naples (being then besieged by the French) did propagate this venereous evil amongst the Italian/ Women; and that they spread it amongst the French, in whose Army it raged very fiercely. The French returning home brought it into their own Country, and from thence it came into England; wherefore in England it is called the French Pox: the French not willing to own this foul Disease, call it the Neapolitan and Spanish Pox: the Spaniard to free himself from the scandal, call it the Indian Pox.  
Sebast. Aquilanus a Galenist, 
Sebast. Aquilanus. Tract. de morb. gallic.  (that lived under Ludovicus Marquis and Bishop of Mantua, about the year 1508.) contends for the Antiquity of this Disease in a Treatise de morbo gallico, of this Venereal Malady; but will have it the same with the Elephantiasis, the Leprosy; which is a Disease of great Antiquity: and this he endeavours to prove from a parity of symptoms that attend the one and the other; and compares Galens description of the Elephantiasis with this Venereal Lues.  
Leonicenus a Physician of note at Ferrara about a hundred and forty years ago; 
Leonicen. lib. de morb. gall.  writ of this Disease, and saith it is ancient, long before the Siege of Naples; but does not agree with Aquilanus that it is the Elephantiasis; or those that would have it the lichenae; nor the saphatum of the Arabians; but pustulae rising upon the skin from the corruption of air; and counts it one of Hipocrates his Epidemical Diseases: 
3. Epid. Sect. 2.  of this opinion likewise is Reusner in his Book de Scorb. and also Vallesius 1. Epid. Com. 1.  
Scanarolus consents with the determination or Leonicenus; 
Scanarolus.  and writes a Tract in his defence against Montesaurus a Physician of Verona, that had opposed it.  
Cataneus will have it a new Disease sprung up in Italy in the year 1494. 
Catan. tract. de morb. gall.  exortus est in Italia monstrosus morbus, nullis ante seculis visus, totoque in orbe terrarum in cognitus.  
Vlyricus de Huten, a Germane, who wrote of this Disease in the year 1519. is of the same opinion.  
Wendelin Hock, 
Wendelin Hock de morb. gall.  a Doctor of Bononia, who wrote of this Disease a little before the Huten, pitches upon the same time that it broke forth; and ascribes the original cause of this Disease to a position of the Planets, in the year 1483.  
Laurentius Frisius a German, 
Laurent. Frisius de morb. gall.  (a great assertor of Avicen) who wrote of this Disease in 1532. agrees with Hock, and de Huten, concerning the time that this malady broke forth.  
Joanes' Almener, a Spaniard, calls it morbus gallicus, or patursae; ascribes the first rise to Celestial influence, afterwards propagated by Contagion.  
Fernelius a famous Physician of Paris, 
Fernel. lib. 2. de abdit. rerum causis. Cap, xiv.  in his Dialogue of this Disease, declares himself negatively, that it came not from Celestial influence, or any popular cause; but agrees with Cataneus and others concerning the time and place, where it first manifested itself, namely at the Siege of Naples in 1493.  
Baptist. 
Mont an. tract. de morb. gall.  Montanus a Doctor of Milan in great esteem there, about the year 1540 does not agree with the opinion of Fernelius and others that gives this Disease no longer standing in the World than from the Siege at Naples; but believes rather that it came from America with Columbus.  
Falopius alfo a Milan Doctor, 
Falop.  much esteemed about the year 1554. is of the same opinion with Montanus his Tutor; that it came out of the India's, is a new Disease in Europe, but of ancient standing in its own Country.  
Forestus, 
Forest. Sennert.  and Sennertus, also two Judicious and Learned Writers, reckons up the different sentiments of some chief Authors, but rather adheres to this opinion that it was brought first into Europe with Columbus his followers.  
Mercatus a learned Spaniard chief Physician to Philip the II. and Philip the III. Kings of Spain, 
Mercat. lib. de morb. gall.  wrote of this Disease; recites several opinions of Authors before him, concerning the rise of it; but does not determine this point, nor declare plainly to whom he adheres.  
Some will have this Disease to arise from an inundation of the River Tiber, in the time of Pope Alexander the Sixth; that in the Summer following this infectious Disease began from the filth cast up upon the land, which infected the air, and so begat this Disease.  
Joannes Benedictus a German, 
Benedict.  who wrote above a hundred years since, will have this Disease to be of late standing; unknown to Hipocrates, Galen, Avicen, or other ancient Physicians; and calls it the Disease of St. Maevus.  
Hieronimus Fracastorius, 
Fracastor. lucubrat. de syphil.  thwarts this opinion, and would have this Disease to be antique; to have its rise and settings, to appear and disappear for a long time; and that after such intermission, at its first advent, it hath been accounted new.  
Gasper Torrella writ a Tract of this Disease and calls it Pudendagra, 
Torella.  because commonly seated in the Privities of Man or Woman. Ferrarius gives it the same name, others call it Mentagra.  
Aurelius Minadous, 
Minadous.  a Physician of Venice, put out a Tract of this Disease in the year 1596. after he hath reckoned up several opinions, he produceth his own in these words: ego sum ex illorum Classe qui putant fuisse semper hunc morbum. Cum enim considero eadem natura praeditos homines, eodem Coelo natos, sub iisdem syderibus educatos, cum idem sit mundus qui fuit olim, cumque nec dierum nec horarum, nec omnino nino temporum ordo sit immutatus, non potest mihi aliter in captum mentis pervenire quam omnes fuisse semper eisdem morbis obnoxios, potuisse semper vigere haec mala, & multa non esse nova ex se, sed nobis videri nova, causas naturales milies easdem extitisse, similem morbum ex causis similibus etiam superioribus aetatibus potuisse contingere: which words are much what the same with Leonicenus that writ of this Disease 90. years before him, 
Leonicen. libel. de Epidem.  and was the first Italian Physician that put forth a Book of this Malady.  
To be brief; I shall sum up the number of dissenting Authors, and divide them into two Companies, as I find them to stand opposite in opinion, recorded in their own Works. And first, for the novelty of this Disease are these Physicians following (men of repute and fame, especially in those times and places, when and where they exercised this Profession. 
Scriptores pro novitate hujus morbi litigantes. ) Bapt. Montanus, Jacob Cataneus, Nichol. Massa, Joan. Benedictus, Vlrychus de Hutten, Windel. Hoch, Laur. Phrysius, Aloysius Lobera, Pet. Maynardus, Anton. Benivenius, Fallopius, Fernelius, Petronius, Rondeletius, Forestus, Sennertus.  
On the contrary party, who contend for the Antiquity of this Disease, are these Physicians, men of note. Sebast. Aquilanus, Nicol. Leonicenus, 
Medici pro antiquitate luis vener. disceptantes.  Anton. Scanarolus, Joan. Paschalis, Bened. Victorius, Franc. Vallesius, Reusner, ●inadous, Joan. Langius.  
Having showed you the different opinions of Authors concerning this point, 
Authoris determinatio.  it remains I should give in my own sentiment, and determine the controversy.  
First, I allow that all Diseases incident to humane nature, 
Judicatio. 1.  did not appear in the World together, but have their priority of existence in several Ages, suitable and answering to the condition of places as they came to be inhabited; as also the various state and alteration of bodies, by the commixture of people of different Climates, or variously tainted with Diseases ingenerating with each other; also by spontaneous declensions and degeneration of depraved nature; by various diaetetic causes, strange accidents, and unwonted procurements: from whence new Diseases do assurge and sprout forth; old Diseases become rare and commute.  
Secondly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, I must affirm; That the Pox is not always the Parent of the Pox, but untainted persons using immoderate, unusual, and bestial Venery, may procure the first symptoms leading to this Lues, which neglected, may introduce and settle the Pox.  
Thirdly, That Venery and the enormities thereof being antique; the product Lues we may well judge antique also.  
Fourthly, That the Venereal Evil is no new Disease, as some do imagine, but antique; though not mentioned by Hippoc. Galen, and the Ancients under those Titles it now goes by; yet the symptoms of those Diseases which they describe, are very like to those belonging to this malady, and probably might issue from the same procuring causes, and sprout forth from the same Seminary.  
Fifthly, That the variation of some symptoms now in this Disease, by time, persons, or places, is not sufficient to denominate it new, except you can find out a new radix, or spring from whence it doth arise; for, else all Diseases upon the same account may be called new, from their unwonted Phaenomena and different appearance; and this of necessity will be, and hath ever been from diversity of bodies, different complications, with other Diseases and individual propriety, which sets as it were a new face and different garb upon every Disease, though the same in specie, in radice & modo generationis: and as nature is not constant in her uniform and regular actions, and the due oeconomy of humane bodies, much less may we expect it in her disorder, and preternatural motions.  
Sixthly, That the Venereal Pox being something changed and altered in the symptoms now from what it was at its first breaking forth at the Siege of Naples, or rather their more plain discovery in Europe; may upon good grounds be supposed to have then not its rise, but augmentation and aggravation, since many and most of the attending symptoms were observed by the ancients long before.  
Seventhly, That this Venereal malady was not so familiar, was not so much noted and inquired into before the Siege of Naples; but being brought over from America as an additional taint to propagate and spread more plentifully in Europe, and to make it more fierce and raging, which busied the heads of Physicians to inquire more nicely into the matter, to denominate it peculiarly, to invent methods for Cure, and new Medicines.   

CHAP. III.  
The Progress and propagation of the Venereal Lues into several Countries.  

Luis Vener. historica narratio.  IN giving you the Historical Narrative of this Disease, we shall take our rise but from the year 1492. about which time the Spaniards made a Voyage under the conduct of Columbus into America, to discover that part of the unknown World.  
And although this Lues bears an ancienter date, and derives its Pedigree far before that time, yet we have so little account of it recorded by Writers, that it will not well admit of a Narration. But after this expedition of the Spaniards it became so notorious, that many since have spent their judgements in remarking what was most considerable and obvious to their reasons, in the various passages that frequently occurred. We must then in this part of our discourse, depend upon the credit of Authors, and collect the Historical Account from the most authentic Writers.  
The Spaniards arriving in that Septentrional part of America, about the latitude of Florida (where confidently 'tis reported this Lues is endemical) they soon got the taint of this Disease, and after a year or two roving there, in 1494. they returned home well fraught with this Indian Commodity; and no sooner they were landed in Spain, but another expedition was provided for them, and they were dispatched away to relieve Naples, which was then besieged with a great Army of French, under the Command of Charles the Eighth of France.  
The City being distressed for provisions, eased themselves of some of their superfluous Women (of the worse sort we may well imagine) such as were overriden and notably seasoned with the Indian Itch, and sent them into the Besiegers Camp, where they were entertained as welcome variety, and we may easily believe they did not spare to use them sufficiently; Soldiers are not nice in this point, (especially where Women are scarce) and here could be no good choice to pick and choose, but bad enough was the best.  
These Courtesans so sauced the French, that in a short time this Venereal Lues raged throughout the Camp, and for an aggravation of the matter, the diet of the French Army did not a little contribute to add to the fury of this Disease; for being straightened for food, as there was great scarcity of flesh chief in the whole Country, the Victuallers that provided for the Army, amongst the Boars flesh that was appointed and commonly barrelled up for the Leaguer; did mix therewith the flesh of dead Men, these two having great similitudes, so that the cheat past undiscovered for some time.  
And this report we have from Fioravantus a famous Italian Empiric, who received this relation from a Neapolitan, whose Father was a Victualler to the Army of Alphonso King of Naples.  
And it is likewise reported that in that part of the West-Indies, where this Lues is epidemical; that those people are Anthropophagis eaters of Man's flesh.  
And the forenamed Author Fioravantus, to satisfy himself what effect would follow upon a Creature feeding upon its own kind, did feed a Hog at his own House, with Hogs-flesh mingled with other meat, and within a few days the brisles and hair came off, and Pustuls arose in the flesh. After that (he saith) he took a Dog and fed him for two Months with Dogs-flesh only, and great pains seized him, with Pustuls and shedding of his hair.  
Whether the eating of Man's flesh were sufficient to create the Pox, I shall not affirm; but this upon good grounds I may conclude, that if the story be true, as that the French were so abused with Man's flesh for their food, it could not but highly exasperate the taint of the Indian Pox and Scurvy; which two shaking hands together, the result must be something extraordinary; and indeed so it proved by its intractable fierceness and truculency, which in a short time devoured some thousands of the French: the remainder that returned back into France, propagated this evil, and increased it there, that it became to be notorious and common: the intercourse between France and England being so great, this Disease could not be confined long in the French Quarters, but must be communicated to the English; we as kind a sort of people as most Nations, freely and plentifully bestow it upon one another, and being engrafted into so many families, 'tis probable the taint will never wash out, but derive a perpetual succession, and transmigration into the Offspring.  
The Spaniards having a propriety and great intercourse with the Netherlands, transports this Disease with their Soldiery, and spreads it very plentifully amongst the Dutch.  
After this manner being introduced into the chief parts of Europe, and made a Companion to the greatest traders and travellers in the World, it soon spread into all places of traffic, and by time increased so, that it is now grown very familiar to all Nations, and generally owned to inhabit all the known parts of the World where we have Commerce; and this Commodity is to often dearly bought by Travellers into far Countries, where they imagined this à la mode Disease was not to be met with.   

CHAP. IU.  
The virulent nature of the Venereal Lues.  
COncerning the nature of this Disease, opinions are very various amongst the most judicious Writers, and this difference arose from the various symptoms that attend this malady, of a very different signature, as challenging several causes for such morbific impressions; to understand therefore the several persuasions and verdicts that have passed hereupon; it will be necessary to examine the definitions and descriptions of former Writers, wherein succinctly they have comprised and declared their judgements touching this matter; and adjoin our animadversions to the particular sentiment of each Author, for the better information of the Reader.  
Leonicenus one of the ancientest Writers of this malady, 
Leoniceni opinio lib. de morb. gallico.  describes it thus. That the French Disease is Pustuls generated from a various corruption of humours, from the intemperate heat and moisture of air, affecting the privities first, afterwards the whole body, for the most part with great pain. But this is a very unsatisfactory account, 
Rejicitur.  and irrational; for as much as Pustuls are not the ratio formalis of this Disease and inseparable; but are uncertain effects that happen sometimes; and the Disease is as truly generated and fixed without these signals as with them; and he might as well have said, the French Disease is Ulcers, or Spots, or Pains or Gonorhaea; because these as frequently attend the Disease as Pustuls. The remaining part of that description I dismiss, not to spend time about it; because every common judgement may detect the errors.  
Some will have this Disease to be intemperiem, and define it thereby as the essence and quiddity of this Lues; but those that consent herein do also differ about the intemperature, and cannot agree what the intemperate quality is, or combination of qualities.  
Some say it is hot and dry; others say it is cold and dry; some will have it to be hot and moist others cold and moist; and if these four qualities could admit of more conjunctions, and Partnerships, we should have more variety of opinions; but the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are stinted here, unless they will assert contradictions.  
Massa a Venetian Physician, 
Nicol. Massae opinio.  who writ of this Disease not long after it raged so in Italy; he defines the nature of this evil to be cold and somewhat dry. As for cold, we find for the most part the contrary, 
Rejicitur.  and the concomitant effects to carry with them signals of heat: as acrimony and sharpness of Urine, inflammations, dolorous Ulcers, etc. and whereas pain is a moult frequent symptom attending this Disease, so a preternatural heat most commonly is the consequent of pain.  
Montanus in his Tract of this Disease, 
Joan. Bapt. Montani sententia.  contradicts the former opinion, and says that the essence and nature of this Disease is a hot and dry distemper of the Liver introduced by Contagion. But this cannot be rationally allowed neither; in that we daily see this Lues to produce a putredinous moisture, 
Refutatur.  which breaks forth into Ulcers and Scabs frequently; although in some bodies such effects may not appear; and who ever did know a hot and dry distemper of the Liver to cause a Gonorrhaea, which is one of the master symptoms that commonly attends this Disease.  
Tomitanus a Milan Doctor, agrees with Montanus upon coupling the intemperate qualities in this Lues; but differ very much about their introduction and rise, asserting therein contrary to each, other: for Montanus says they a●● introduced per Contagium; 
Bernard. Tomitan. definitio.  but Tomitanus saith this Disease is a hot and dry distemper of the Liver, to such a degree that it becomes Contagious. In the former, Contagion is made the cause of the intemperate qualities; in the latter, Contagion is put as the product, effect, and result of those qualities; but neither will hold good; nor carries a probability of truth. But Tomitanus his Philosophy seems very strange, that heat and dryness should arrive so far, 
Repudiatur.  and to such height, as to become Contagious: putrefaction which is chief the effect of moisture, or conjunct therewith, may degenerate so as to become infectious; but dryness is preservative, hinders putrefaction or corruption for the most part; and heat in the highest degree is not Contagious, except you will say that fire is Contagious, which none yet ever asserted.  
Rondeletius and Laurent. Phrisius of a quite contrary opinion to Montanus and Tomitanus; 
Rondelet. & Laur. Phris. Opinio.  will have this Lues to be a cold and moist distemper; induced to this persuasion from some cold symptoms that assurge from this Disease; as Coughs, Hoarseness, hanging down of the Wula, much spiting, and Phlegmatic tumours; us also from the remedies that effect the Cure, which are most of them hot.  
But this opinion I cannot admit of neither; as for these qualities in excess, if we allow them to attend upon this Disease in some persons, 
Improbatur.  yet they are not inseparable, and the Disease is oft without them; as in such persons tainted, who find no alteration, but a defluvium pilorum, a shedding of the hair: so that they are not necessarily included in this malady, nor do they explicate the subtle various nature of this evil, nor distinguish it from other Diseases, for they are as eminent and apparent in their exaltations in other Diseases, as in this. Since then these intemperate qualities are not distinguishing Characters of specific difference, but the common appertainers to, and consequents of most Diseases, and Cures, are not performed by levelling and aiming at these, but at their several causes upon which they do depend; therefore they are not to be assigned as the groundwork and nature of this Disease, whereon it is founded, and wherein essentially it does consist. And whereas they argue à juvantibus from hot and drying Medicines, that commonly effect the Cures, therefore the Disease must be cold and moist; is a grand error drawn from the celebrated therapeutic axom. Contraria contrariis, curantur: Which indeed is very false, and a pernicious guide in practice. But to lay open the evil consequents thereof, would spend too much time, and make too great a Chasm in this little work; therefore I forbear to enlarge upon it, and because that Canon is fairly convicted by another 
* Dr. Thomson Galeno-Pale Chap. 14.  Author, whither I refer the Reader for satisfaction herein.  
Some there are that place this Lues under the second head of the general division of Diseases, and would have it to be organical, as the proper genus of this Disease, because the due conformation of parts are vitiated thereby.  
Others put this Lues in the third rank of that general division, and make solution of continuity to be the genus thereof: as Johan. 
Manardè definitio.  Manardus who saith, Morbus gallicus est soluta continuitas ab exustis humoribus per Contagium ferè in concubitu genita, etc. but this definition does not quadrate with the latitude of this Disease; 
Culpatur.  for as much as Solution of Unity is not essential, but an accidental consequent, which happens but in some Cases, where there is excoriation and Ulcers.  
Others there are that will have this Disease to be of a more comprehensive nature, to have a share and to challenge a part in each branch of the triple division of Diseases, similar, organical, and common. Of this judgement is Paschalis, 
Joan. Paschal.  who asserts this Lues to be a compound of all other Diseases, and that it was well known to the ancients. 
Joan. Lan.  To this agrees Johan. Lang. who will have this Disease to be Colluviem veterum Morborum: and Prosper. 
Prosper. Boargut. sententiae.  Boargutius consents to the latitude and extensiveness thereof, in the tripartite general division of Diseases, but dissents from them as to its antiquity.  
And although these men affirm that this evil is quasi Compago quaedam & Compositio omnium malorum, and that it is a Disease compounded of many; notwithstanding Aurel. Minadous a Venetian Physician asserts quite contrary, 
Aurel. Minad. Tract. de virulent Vener. pag. 33. Cap. 17.  and will not have it reducible to any Disease, and says it is neither intemperies, nor mala Compositio, nor Soluta unitas. This Minadous, a strict examiner of former Writers that had put forth tracts of this Disease, and after that he had very nicely run through the opinions of other men concerning the virulent nature of this malady, and evicted their determinations; at last he concludes with his own in these words; 
Minad. definitio tract. ejusdem. Cap. 27.  ut sit vapor à tota substantia adversus facultati naturali sensim agens. For my own part I am never the wiser for this definition, giving very little information touching the abstruse nature of this Venereal virulency. And although this Author is very ingenious in some parts of that Tract, yet here he fails.  

Fererii definitio.  I rather approve of Ferrerius his definition (which Minadous condemned) and that is this. Pudendagra Lues Hispanica nihil aliud est quàm putredo humorum ex contagione in coitu magna ex parte contracta, participatione venenatarum exhalationum & spirituum infectorum. This description though Minadous quarrels with and rejects; yet it seems to me more intelligible and a more satisfactory account than his.  
First, he says it is putredo humorum that very frequently is apparent, from the Ulcers and Scabs that break forth in this Disease.  
In coitu magna ex parte, there he shows the most frequent procatartic or primitive Cause: and after that he declares the manner of causation or introducing this virulency, and that is says he: by receiving venomous exhalations and infected spirits; all which is very tolerable and the best that I have met with yet.  
Hieron. Capivaccius, 
Capivacc. definitio.  a Doctor of Milan, defining the nature of this Disease, says it is excrementum toto genere praeter naturam, quod nultifariam laedere potest hominem, genitum ex humana substantia à simili  
Excrementum] this Author here sets forth the nature of the Venereal virulency, 
Arguitur.  by an excrement or degenerate matter in man's body; as if it were the product or consequent of some vitiated digestion, and had its rise and dependence wholly from internal causes and defections in nature, not by any contamination from external primitive Causes, and contagious infection received ab extra.  
Toto genere praeter naturam.  
This part of the definition may as well agree and be applied to Worms that are generated in Man's body, as to this Lues; and does not at all distinguish and discover the subtle nature thereof: and therefore this Philosopher did miss the matter very much in explicating and laying open the abstrusity of this Lues, which is the intention and scope of every definition.  
Macolon a Scotchman, Doctor in this faculty, and Professor at Pisa; above fifty years since put forth a Book of this Disease, wherein he calls the Galenists to an account severely for their determinations upon this malady; recites their opinions and rejects them as frivolous, in a very few words. At last he produceth his own judgement and results the whole disceptation into this theorem. 
Macolon. theor. Chym. Luis Vener. Cap. 5.  Lues venerea impuritas est salis & Mercurii specifica & contagiosa prognata è seminibus quae prius in superiore orbe delitescentia posleaque germinantia quaedam corpora humana parata ad ea suscipienda primò invasere & ad alios contage vel haereditario jure propagata sunt. If any one can pick out his meaning, and set forth a rational probability of truth comprised herein, it is more than I shall undertake to do.  
By the Narrative and Series of these reports, you may plainly see, how far the opinions of learned Men in this Profession do lie asunder; and how hazardous it is to presume upon any single judgement, though Men of Fame and great repute in their times. To comment and enlarge upon every extravagant opinion, would give the Reader more trouble than profit; therefore in short, I only name some of them and pass on; others I insist upon, that you may be acquainted with the variety of persuasions upon this subject, whereby you will be better able to establish and fix your judgement, when you meet with the truth.  
After all we come now to inquire of Sennertus, one sufficiently known to be a judicious grave Writer, that hath gleaned up many good notions that lies scattered here and there in antique and modern Writings; besides the additions and improvements of his own, that are very learned and considerable. This Author after he had prepended various opinions concerning the nature and causes of this malady, sets down his judgement of it in this definition.  
Lues Venerea est morbus occultus & peculiariter malignus, 
Sennert. pract. lib. vi. pars. 4. Cap. 4.  contagione in ductus & contagiosus, hepati & facultati nutrienti inprimis adversus, & propterea nutritione in toto corpore laesa, varios morbos & symptomata excitans.  
I need not render it in English, being very plain and intelligible to the meanest Capacities in the Latin tongue: as for others I doubt the discourse will not be very beneficial. We will examine this definition in the several parts distinctly, as coming from one whose authority persuades much, being a general approved Author for Conduct in practice; his works summarily comprising the most and best of what hath been written before him: But since his time, we have had great discoveries, and much of that Doctrine is laid aside by the most ingenious sceptical Philosophers of this Age: And had that laborious Author been so fortunate as to be acquainted with what some notable heads are masters of now; I doubt not but he would have reform his works, rebuilt physic laid it upon another foundation: therefore let none think it strange, to set aside this Author's opinions, though a man of great worth and industry in his time: to the purpose in hand then.  
Est morbus occultus.  
Sennertus here adhering to the Doctrine of occult and manifest qualities, 
Sennert. defi●●●tio disceptatur.  and not finding the nature of the Venereal Lues amongst the manifest qualities, assigns it to an occult. Which indeed is as much as to say, I know not of what nature the Venereal Lues is: and herein consents with our Author, Minadous, Fernelius, Mercatus, and others, as to the occult nature; yet they differ about it, whether a quality or substance. But I see no reason why we should take shelter under this Asylum ignorantiae; that this Lues should be occult in its nature, since it does discover itself by manifest Characters resulting from its peculiar nature, as Gonorrhaea, Pustuls, Ulcers, etc. and when we come to Philosophise upon these, we may trace them in their causation as far, and with as much satisfaction, as we can do any other Disease arising from manifest qualities, as they call them. The Stone and Worms are not accounted occult Diseases, yet when they come to render an account of their production, they will meet with as many difficulties, as in laying open the nature of the Venereal Lues; and Spiritus Virulescens may be as good Philosophy and as evident and plain, as Spiritus Lapidescens and Lumbrificans; and so they are equally manifest and no more occult, the one nor the other. As for the Generation of Stones, it is very learnedly discoursed by a late 
* Dr. Sherly's Philosoph. Essay of petrification.  Writer, worth your perusal.  
Who knows any thing more in Causes, than what is discovered and manifest to us by the effects: we know nothing à priori; and if so, than I can see no reason but that the Venereal Lues is as truly to be accounted a manifest Disease, as a common Fever. I do not say that all Diseases are equally manifest and discoverable alike to all persons; in regard some Diseases are more rare and infrequent, not obvious to every eye; and some are more intricate, implicit, and entangled with other Diseases; therefore not so easily to be determined of, because sometimes disguised with other complicated affects, of a semiotic or signal affinity, as the Pox and Scurvy; not to be judged of by common heads: but this is not sufficient to give a denomination of occult, but only of difficult. Therefore true it is, this Lues is not a manifest Disease to every Empiric, (though impudently they undertake it, and as imprudently some resign themselves into such hands to be abused) nor yet to every legal Professor it is not so patent in its nature, as some other Diseases, but to the most acute sagacious Physician, it lies open and discoverable as a Favour, in its nature and diagnostic signs.  
A Fever (you'll say) is easily known by a preternatural heat and burning, which is manifest; and likewise I say the Venereal Lues is as easily known (to an expert Physician) by a Gonorrhaea, Pains, Pustuls, Scabs, etc. But here is the difference a Fever is known (in the common titular notion only) by heat alone, which is but one signal: the Pox by a syndrome or concurrence of many. So likewise the Scurvy, Plague, and others are not manifested by a single diagnostic, but by a Convent consenting. But this Fever. which is so easy to be known and apparent by heat. (as you say) If I inquire of you the true nature thereof, what this preternatural heat is, and how it does kindle, from what principle, and where the radix or foams morbi is; I fear that this Fever will be an occult Disease also, to a great many of our Professors, who knows nothing beyond tradition, and the old erroneous Doctrine of Fevers.  
A Fever takes its denomination from heat, a general signal which attends all sorts of Fevers: but if you know no more of a Fever than what this common Character does discover and manifest, your knowledge is very shallow, and avails little to adapt a Cure thereby; for Fevers as different as the Causes from whence they arise; and they are many, their nature very different and various, and as secret in their Causes as this Lues, requiring a different method of Cure: Colds, heats, repletion of indigested matter, obstructions, surfeits, discordant food, intemperate drinking, watch, small Pox; Worms, and the verminous, putredinous matter of which they are generated, etc. which Fevers are more abstruse in their Causes, and little thought of in their Cures; whereby the common way of Curing Fevers becomes so fatal to many: and this I am persuaded to believe, from the imprudent irrational practice, that most commonly is used in the Cure of Fevers, by bleeding, blistering, and Julips: for did they understand aright what it is that does aestuate and raiseth a febril heat, and the occasional causes or provocation thereto, they would take more proper courses for remedy, and institute other manners of Cure; but of this more at large elsewhere, 
Tract of the Scurvy. Chap. 11.  therefore I pass on, that I may not disjoint our main intended discourse with too long digressions.  
The generating of Worms in Man's body, is mustered up amongst the manifest Diseases: but this strange production is not to be ascribed to any of the manifest qualities; therefore lumbrisication is as occult as the venereal virulency; and oftentimes is a more latent and abstruse Disease, for as much as the symptoms or preternatural effects attending, are common to many other Diseases, not distinguishable certainly to whom they belong, but conjecturally and probably.  
But the first and second qualities being more familiar to us, and more frequently occurring; therefore they must be manifest, the rest must be occult, and this 
* Sennert.  Author (with others of the same Tribe) in distinguishing and setting forth the difference between manifest and occult qualities, seems to be very exact, and says, those are occult quae non sensibus & ratione, 
Institut. med. lib. v. pars 1. Sect. 1. Cap. 2.  sed sola experientia deprehenduntur: and those he calls manifest, quae sensus nostros afficiunt, & quarum causa manifesta reddi potest.  
First, Here I would fain know, what qualities, properties, results, or emanations from causes are so occult, as does not affect some of our senses; and whether we do take cognisance of any thing, but by their effects, which are the objects of some sense.  
Secondly, I would also understand, and do demand, wherein the causes of the first qualities are so eminently patent above others as to be called manifest. Truly for my part I can see no such manifest causation: the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the effects are plain; the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is obscure; dark enough in the Fountain from whence such effects do emane and spring forth. The fire heats and burns, that's plain, but why? Our Author makes this answer, 
Ibidem.  ignis id praestat, quia calidus. Pray where is the manifest causation now? it is so, because it is so: but he seems to Philosophise something better in the same Chapter, where he complies with the opinion of those, that determine both manifest and occult qualities to issue primariò forma substantiali: and he will have the manifest qualities to emerge from the substantial form, and peculiar mixtion of the Elements; but the occult from the substantial form alone. Now if we examine and inquire, why Water is cold and moist, (manifest qualities) and desire the reasons of such a nature; the answer then according to this Philosophy must be; that it is so from the substantial form and mixture of Elements: and if we ask why poisons (occult qualities) work such strange effects; the answer is, that such energies proceed from their substantial form alone.  
Now judge whether are more manifest in their causes, the former or the latter: for my part I think both alike? and the distinction of manifest and occult to be useless, as having no real foundation.  
From this discourse (wherein I might have enlarged if it were necessary) we may set aside the occult nature of the Venereal Disease, and allow it to be as manifest as other Diseases to judicious men; being so well known by the sensible products and apparent effects that follow and assurge from thence: and other Diseases are discovered in like manner, à posteriori; which gives occasion to discourse of and assign their causes, from the greatest probabilities and strongest persuasions of reason. Now we shall dismiss this, and come to the next considerable in the definition.  
Et peculiariter malignus.  
Our Author here determines and distinguisheth the Venereal Lues, by a peculiar malignity; which (being the Constitutive specific difference in the definition) must be understood as the proper inseparable distinguishing Character univocally agreeing with the whole species morbi, and the same in every individual person seized with this Disease and according to this Doctrine are the Cures promiscuously instituted, and appointed without distincton; save only a respect had to the fictitious temperaments, arising from elementary mixtion. But I am otherwise persuaded and must assert contrary to this Doctrine; that Lues venerea non est morbus peculiariter & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 malignus à specifica quadam proprietate corruptionis ortus. The Venereal virulency is not of one univocal specific nature, but diversified and variously different in several individuals, tainted with this Venereal malignity. The reasons inducing me to this opinion, are both theorical and practical; drawn from the rules of Art, and therapeutic observations in different Cures.  
First, 
Argu. 1. A dissimilitudine symptomatum seu phoenomenwnn.  Quia non semper sibi similis: this Disease hath a different aspect and is Characterised variously in several persons; and although symptomatical and signal dissimilitude is procured upon some other accounts, yet this equivocal nature contributes as a partial and not the meanest cause. 
2. A diverso genere causarum.   
Secondly, Non iisdem causis, nec una via corporibus inductus. This Disease having its rise and dependence from several primitive causes, and introduced in a different way, is thereby variegated and altered in its nature, and the Venereal virulency becomes equivocal and various in divers persons. The former part or supposition is proved. The illation from thence is consonant to reason, as various effects naturally arise from several causes.  
Thirdly, Non semper contagiosus: 
3. A contagiosa & non contagiosa natura.  this Disease must needs be of a different nature, for as much as the effluviums emitted from some pocky persons are venenate and infectious; from others not at all contagious, and do not taint or seize by any manner of contamination; and this does more evidently appear where we treat of Contagion.  
Fourthly, Non aeque contumax & difficilis sanatu. 
4. A facili & difficili curatione.  The virulent nature of this Disease is sometimes very stubborn, despising generous good Medicines and the rules of Art; and sometimes of a very facile Cure, presently yielding to the power of efficacious proper Medicines.  

5. A necessitate diversorum remediorum.  Fifthly, Non semper iisdem remediis curandum est. I do not find any specific Medicine, or peculiar method and tractation of Patients, equally successful; but some will admit of Cure this way, and with such Medicines; others must be Cured another way▪ and with different Medicines; which argues the nature of the Disease to be various and different. As for the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the former part, all practisers I think must confess that have had frequent experience in these Cures: the latter or inference is drawn from reason and strong probability.  
I might have illustrated and backed these arguments with some confirmations, but I forbear at present until I find this Doctrine opposed. As for the remaining part of this Author's definition, we shall not prosecute here, since that matter falls under distinct heads, that I controvert in their proper places: viz. the Section of Contagion; and that of the seat of this Disease.  
Several other Writers there are that I might animadvert on; but that would be too tedious, and I think superfluous; since their judgements are much involved with those already recited. And having thus given you the opinions of some eminent Writers, concerning the nature of this Lues, and my reasons in short for dissenting from them; I come now to declare my own thoughts freely, and to be positive in determining the matter. And here I shall not define this Disease, per genus & differentiam (the common rule of definitions) which being too angust a method will put me upon some unavoidable errors; but I shall take such a latitude as best serves my purpose, to explicate and detect the difficult and various nature of this grand evil; in its contagious and none contagious Generations; modes of propagation; various appearances; fallacious disguise and latency; ferocity and calmness; contumacy and submission to curative mean.  
And here I must premise and lay down some assertions by way of introduction, to usher in our subsequent resolves and determinations upon the matter in debate.  
And first you must understand, that Diseases in general, and in facto esse, are signally diversified and distinguished, by the various producted aberrations and defections in nature, deviating from rectitude and integrity.  
Secondly, That morbific causes operate primarily and chief, upon the vital, active and governing principle of humane bodies, seducing or constraining that to act irregularly or dissonant from its natural due course: from whence the Organs of the body (so governed) perform depravedly, and produce thereby this or that symptom and unwonted effect.  
Thirdly, Procuring and occasional causes, variously prompting or enforcing the functions of the body from off their duties, do thereby produce variety of irregularities and diseases, as various effects answering their different causations. Hence the Venereal Lues bears distinguishing Characters, and is peculiarly denoted by its train of attending symptoms.  
Fourthly, Idiosyncratical propriety of individual bodies, may and do produce heterogeneous effects, though procured by the same or consimiliar causes: from hence as a partial cause, the Venereal Lues is different in several persons, and is not curable but by a different way and means.  
Fifthly, That particular parts of the body, as their office and organizations are different, so have they peculiar morbous effects: hence one and the same univocal cause discharging its energy upon divers parts and faculties, does thereby produce various symptoms: and therefore it is that the venereal virulency appears in various shapes, and presents itself in a different train of symptoms: if it affect and act upon the membranes, great pains ensue; if this venom seize upon the parts elaborating or containing the seed; then gonorrheas or an involuntary fluxion of a degenerate sperm is the consequent; if the Urine be tainted, it becomes hot and sharp: if other humours and juices of the body be infected, a foul Catlexy and malign habit of body follows, With Spots Scabs, or running Ulcers. If it arrive to the extern parts of the head, the hair loosens and falls off; if it invades the bones, à caries, or rottenness is the product, etc. so every part is peculiarly stigmatised and marked.  
Sixthly, That venenate and malign causes are respective denominations; as they stand in opposition and hostility to this or that natural Patient, where they exert their destructive power.  
Seventhly, That venenate and malign causes, are purely natural, operate constantly as other Agents, circumscribed with due limitations in the sphere of their activity, and act as visibly producing sensible effects; but are more strange and seemingly abstruse, from their unwontedness, as not being so familiar and common, are therefore unreasonably termed occult: and particularly this Lues is equally demonstrable with other manifest Diseases so accounted.  
Eighthly, Deleterious and malign Diseases, although they consent to the impediment, disturbance, and destruction of nature, putting her out of a regular course, and harmonious Government, leading to mine: yet their actions differ much, and they take various ways and courses to effect that general end.  

First, By a narcotic and soporiferous property; or delirious watch and restlessness.  
Secondly, By extreme evacuations, constipations, or stagnations.  
Thirdly, By violent pains, punging, eroding, or lancenating.  
Fourthly, By colliquations, or coagulations.  
Fifthly, By Convulsive motions, rigid distentions, or pertinacious contractions.  
Sixthly, By putrefactive degenerations.  
Seventhly, By erosions and absumption of parts; or tumefaction and superfluous excrescences.  
Eightly, By burning inflammations, or mortifications, and extinction of vitality. Such effects are commonly the products of venenate and malign causes; and some of these do attend upon, and are often the consequents of venereal virulency.   
Ninthly, That the corruption of humours in man's body is of greater importance, according to the degree of its worth, and excellency of its use; and therefore the degeneration of the blood is worse than that of the chyle; and the depravedness of the nervous succus is more prejudicial than that of the blood; but a virulent putrefaction of the sperm, is worse in its nature than either, being an extract elaborated and refined from both: and this is confirmed by the common axiom, Corruptio optimi est pessima. And this corruption is not ordinary, for it arrives to such a height and degree, that not only the same body is overspread with its malignity, but it also infects and injures another, and is most commonly contaminating and contagious to others: hence venereal virulency is derived to posterity, and propagated to familiars with whom they do converse; and having such ways of continuation, of all contagious Diseases this seminary abides most certainly, and is most likely to outlast all others.  
Tenthly, That venereal virulency in general is not of a homogenous nature; but in some of a more fierce, contagious, and destructive properties; in others not so venenate, malign, and spreading, but lodgeth and abides in the body more sedate and placidly, and makes not so great a disturbance and apparent alteration: from whence it is sometimes doubted whether it be the right Lues, or something else affine thereto, and puts many to a stand in their determination of the matter.  
Eleventhly, That the sting or pocky effluviums of venereal virulency, darting upon the parts of a another body and entering the pores; does then seduce or compel the vital governing principles of those parts from off their functions, to a peculiar enormity conspiring with their own nature, and producing such effects common to this Disease.  
Twelfthly, That the Venereal Lues is not always propagated contagiously, but takes its rise spontaneously, sometimes, from sound persons using immoderate unfitting and bestial venery: for as this Lues hath had its birth by such natural means or causes; so likewise (probably) is often generated by the same procuring ways, and may begin again from the same primitive causes, aequipollent to its original descent and production.  
Thirteenthly, That the Venereal Lues in the fountain of natural causes contained in the body, does assurge from a vitiated impure sperm, arriveing to a contagious malignity; whether the primitive cause be unlawful and undue coition, or other corrupters of seed in such Climates where this Lues is accounted endemical.   

CHAP. V.  
Various Phaenomena and Diagnostic signs, discovering the Venereal Lues, in several gradations.  

Lues Vener. dispar. aspectus.  THis Disease is variegated by the diversity and train of attending symptoms, and seldom appears alike in two persons; but by the absence or presence of this or that sign, does present itself with a different face and peculiar garb. And this dissimilitude or variety of appearance, is procured upon a fourfold account.  
First, The different nature or virulency of the person giving or communicating it, 
Virulentiae. Varia dispositio.  makes the impression upon the party receiving it, either better or worse, more or less contaminated, according to the various malignity of the aggressor or pocky person infecting; who darts the veneous miasms with greater or lesser force, and is more or less virulent; from whence the products are different, and causeth various and dissimilar symptoms.  
Secondly, The different idiosyncrasia, 
Individualis natura personae contiminatae.  the disparity or peculiar properiety of bodies that are tainted, modifies the venom differently, and receives the venerous sting more calmly or impatiently; with more or less antipathy and averseness to this or that nature: 
Quicquid recipitur, recipitur per modum recipientis.  whereby (in some) the venom ferments and breaks out sooner and more conspicuously, with plain Characters that every one may read; or else (in others) it lies more sluggish and dormant, lurks more slily, and dissembles this or that other Disease; which consens vulgar judgements in determining what's the matter.  
Thirdly, 
Contagium recipiendi modus.  The manner of receiving this contagion and different parts affected, puts this Disease into a singular mode and peculiar dress; for if it be received by fond embraces only and kissing of the lips, it blossoms there first, and appears with scabby cruptions, and a sore mouth commonly; but if it be gotten by the tail, 'tis not presently charactered in the face, or other parts, but stays some time in the Lord-Countries, the place of its conception and birth, afterwards travels into other Regions of the body, and appears here and there with variety of ugly shapes and unwelcome salutes to its new quarters, as pains, pimples, itch, spots, scurs, scabs, etc.  
Fourthly, 
Morbi senioritas.  The seniority and duration of this malady in the body, makes great alteration and different Phaenomina: a recent young Pox before it comes to Age, hath not such a train of attendants, nor gives the same livery, as a confirmed or inveterate Pox. The infancy of this Disease (if taken by copulation) presents to you only with a sharp, hot Urine, and some diffitulty in making water; or some gleeting seminal excretion, which continuing to discharge the virulency, keeps of the rest of its fellows from appearing upon the Stage, and acts a part alone for some time; afterwards comes in soreness, inflammation, Ulcers, etc. and so proceeds on by time, increasing the number of Actors in this tragedy, gradually arriving to a confirmed, after that an inveterate Pox; which will then exhibit to your view a Hospital of Diseases, and scare you with variety of deformities and strange defects in nature: there you will see the lame swinging between two crutches, the faltering snuffling speech, the mattery blear eyes, the down fallen nose, the rotten palate, the scabby face, the stinking breath, etc. what not;  
Having given you the Capital reasons, why this Venereal Lues is so diversified and unlike in several persons; 
Symptomatum syndrome.  it remains I should draw up in their order the whole Company and train of pocky symptoms; placing them in that method and rank as most commonly they do present upon the sick, for your better understanding the series and order or gradual increment of this grand Disease. And here I shall distribute all the Phaenomena or appearance of this malady into three divisions.  

Lues Venereae, incipientis signa.  First, Such as make the onset and seize the patiented in the beginning.  
Secondly, Such as discover the increment or progress, 
Angescentis vestigia.  and confirms the radication of it.  
Thirdly, Such as display all its colours, 
Inveteratae stigmata.  represents its monstrous full growth, and exhibites the most deplorable and most formidable defects of nature.  
Discovering signs of the first rank emerging from this Lues, 
Classis signorum.  are such as attend its minority, and they (commonly) are more mild, obscure, and dubious, (except they arise from a very soul copulation) such as may be the products of other Diseases, and give occasion of suspicion and enquiring into their causes. As those who are tainted by familiar contact and intimate approaches to pocky persons, have no appearances of this Lues in the privy parts, all may be well there; and yet the contagion may have entered, and seized the person; and the alteration from hence may be only a general change of the body as to the liveliness and vigour thereof, some orratick pains twinging here and there in the head and body; the countenance changed more pale and dark; unwonted melancholy and sadness; lassitude, heaviness and indisposition to action: but if the infection steals in by impure copulation, and not of the worse sort; then a heat and sharpness of Urine may molest the Patient, with some of the former symptoms. (For a Gonorrhaea does not always erupt upon coition with a tainted bedfellow) and these signs being general, or common to other Diseases, and not pathognomonical; it is not easy, nor the work of vulgar heads to determine, of what kind they are, to whom they belong, and from whence they had their being: but by strict inquiry into preceding causes, and perpending former probabilities and occurrences; these being duly collated, judgement may truly pass what the Case is. A plant when first it puts forth and peeps out of the ground, is hard to be known of what kind it is, but by a skilful Herbarist; which when it is grown up, there is no such difficulty, and common people can call it by its name. Semblably this Lues in its infancy is not apparent but to the most sagacious judgements; except in some furious envenomed assaults of this Disease, that forthwith indubitably declare the whole matter.  
Discovering symptoms and Characters of the second Classis, 
Classis signorum.  are such as more apparently own the Pox for their Parent, and they pronounce it confirmed and radicated in the body; and of this sort are virulent Gonorrhaea's (commonly called the running of the Reins) being a green, yellowish, or other discoloured matter issuring from the privities, and in men is more apparent; but in women it passeth with them commonly for the whites (except when there is great pain, inflammation, or tumour accompanying) which delusion makes them the longer to neglect their Cure; and very often the Physician is deceived and takes it for the fluor muliebris, trusting to the Woman's relation.  
But if there be no such contaminated spermatic Flux, than the venomous contagion is more diffusive and spreading into several parts of the body, finds out other places to bud forth and vent itself. Sometimes it mounts up to the head and face, there breaking forth into scurfy pimples, pustuls, or scabs; and sometime they spread all over the body. Others have not these extuberant eruptions, but their skin only bespotted with small, red, or yellowish spots; intimating the mass of blood to be tainted and impure.  
Venereous buboes or great hard ●●ellings in the groin appears in some, when the contagion is lodged within, and issues not forth by a Gonorrhaea.  
Pains now are more sharp, especially towards night and in bed; afflicting the head, shoulders, arms, or shins, which causeth them to have restless tormenting nights, hence appears the hollow eyes, and the thin, pale, shrunk visage, for want of natural rest and quiet repose.  
Some are afflicted with painful malign tumours in the fundament, like the blind haemorrhoids, and the common attending extuberances there.  
Shedding of the hair oftentimes accompanies this Disease (when confirmed) of the head, beard, or eyebrows; and is a certain sign if pustuls or scabs, do appear also.  
Sometimes chaps or cliffs in the hands or soles of the feet, without a manifest cause.  
Warts or other excrescences in or about the privities, do confirm judgement of this Lues.  
Distillation of rheum and hoarseness, with a relaxed pendulous Wula, causing difficulty of swallowing, is a common confiding symptom.  
Tumours, soarness, and Ulcers about the genitals, do attest the confirmation of this foul Disease. Nor is it to be expected that all these symptoms should concur and appear together in one person, in regard of the different nature of the virulency, and manner of invasion of this Lues; but some or other of them are sufficient, (reflecting upon preceding causes) to pronounce the Disease confirmed.  
An inveterate Pox carries some, more or less, 
Classis signorum.  of these grand symptoms, denoting this malady to be antique, more contumacious and deplorable.  
A Consumptive leanness and flaccidity or looseness of flesh throughout the body; with a hectic or habitual febril heat commonly adjoined.  
Nodes or hard bunches upon the head, arms, legs, or other parts.  
Hoarseness, snuffling, speaking hollow, and through the nose.  
Deafness or ringing noise in the ears; and falling out of the teeth.  
Erosion of the palate, and sinking of the nose, stinking breath, strong saedid Urine, pocky tetters here and there.  
Depascent sordid Ulcers, in the mouth, kidneys, bladder, secrets, or other parts; sometimes Fistulous, gangrenous, or cancerous.  
Caries or rottenness of the bones in this or that part.  
These and such like, many more ruinous effects of this cruel malady, poor mortals are liable to be stigmatised and tortured with; if not prevented by a prudent care and efficacious Medicines, to check and eradicate this spreading evil before it arrives to its full growth and monstrous height, scarce then to be dealt with, but often contemns the medical art and most approved remedies.   

CHAP. VI  
Of the Parts primarily affected, and seat of the Venereal Lues.  
TOuching the subject or Part principally affected, where this grand malady keeps its Court and fixes more eminently, as the place of chief residence or head quarters; Physicians do not consent and agree herein: the reasons of this difference may be gathered out of their several opinions, as they stand recorded in their works: and that we may the better establish and illustrate the truth of our own assertions concerning this matter, we shall briefly run over and discuss some of the chiefest opinions that have been promoted by eminent men in this Profession.  
Some there are that assign the head to be the seat of this Disease, being induced thereto from some apparent symptoms that commonly afflicts this part; as pains, pustuls, scabs, shedding of the hair, distillations, noise in the ears, etc. Which last was so contumacious, that Falopius an eminent Physician professeth that no symptom belonging to this Disease was more difficult and troublesome to him than this. Ego non habeo symptom, 
Gab. Fallop. tract. de morb. gallic. Cap. 11.  quod magis hoc me cruciet, & testor ignorantiam meam, nunquam potui ejus certam invenire ablationem, superavi aliquando vel hoc, vel illo decocto, sed certè non habeo proprium medicamentum, are his own words. Notwithstanding this Author does not comply with those that would have the head to be the principal part affected; for although the head be notably afflicted in some persons, yet it is not always so; and sometimes the head is free from any impression of this Disease, when other parts are not a little stigmatised with the manifest Characters of this Lues. Therefore we must seek out some other part that may rightly be styled proprium subjectum, the constant place of residence, or chief seat of its abode.  
Others by a parallel argument with the former, (as Leonicenus, Gasper Torella, Rondeletius, and others) would prove the frontier, or exterior parts of the body, to be the chief seat; being thus persuaded from the defaedations of the skin that frequently are conspicious on persons contaminated with this Disease: as spots, pustuls, tetters, scabs, Ulcers, that erupt upon the superficies of the body.  
And upon this error Torrella (Physician to Pope Alexander the sixth) grounds his definition of this Lues in these words. 
Gasp. Tor. tract. de Pudendagra.  Est defaedatio universalis cutis corporis cum dolore & excoriatione modica. As if this Disease were seated only upon the superficies of the body, and did not reside in the inward parts; which is against all reason: for, the juices of the body being first tainted and alienated from their balsamic natural good state, cause those eruptions and external appearance: and to make this Disease to be only or chief a defaedation of the skin, when oftentimes the intrinsic parts are more injured corrupted and putrid, is against common experience to affirm. And although I do not deny, but that this infections Lues may be caught by external contact only (as the common itch may be taken) and goes no deaper than the surface of the body, rarely; yet most commonly those external Characters that flourish the skin, are the pullulations and blossoms that put forth and spring from a radix that hath a deep insertion, and is profoundly planted in the body.  

Guliel. Rondelet. lib. de morb. gallico.  And Rondeletius (than Chancellor and Regius Professor at Monpelier) runs upon the same rock, in defining this. Lues to be an evil distemper of external parts. For although the external parts be sometimes disfigured and branded with this foul Disease, yet it is not always so; and then for the most part erupting from within: therefore the exterior parts are ill assigned to be subjectum morbi, and the definition to point thither only or chief.  

Herc. Saxon. de Lue Ven. Cap. 3.  Hercules Saxonia will have the subject of this Disease to vary according to the progress thereof; and assigns the natural spirits for its place of residence in the beginning of this evil; but the excrementitious humours to be the chief seat in the increment; and the alimentary humours, in the state and vigour of this malady.  
Some stand for the genitals to be the chief seat and part primarily affected; because most commonly this Lues makes its ingress and invasion here, and presently stamps manifest impressions of its contagious nature upon these parts: as dysury, gonorrhaea, inflammation, tumour, Ulcers, etc. which gradually coming on, gives notice and plainly declares that this subtle enemy hath made entrace, is planted and seated here as the chief place where to exercise and appear in its severe malign power and grandeur.  
Notwithstanding the major party and more eminent men (as Fallopius, Massa, Tomitanus, Brassavolus, Mercatus, Montanus, Forestus, Sennertus, etc.) give in their suffrages for the Liver to be the principal seat of the Venereal Lues, and this part carries it from the rest by many Votes.  
Massa (a Venetian Physician) assigns these two reasons for his opinion: first, that the Liver is membrum generativum massae humoralis, the fountain from whence ariseth all the humours of the body: secondly, that from thence nutrition and the natural faculties are derived. But these Hypotheses on which his opinion is grounded, are found to be erroneous from the new Doctrine of circulation, and exploded by most in these times: and therefore our Author arguing exfalsò suppositis we need not answer further to the arguments offered.  
Fallopius upon the same error gives in his verdict for the Liver.  
Tomitanus does the like.  

Mercati argumentum lib. de morb. gallic. Cap. 1.  Mercatus also (the learned Spaniard) being biased with that doctrine, urgeth the same argument; and moreover adds, that the venom of this Lues by a peculiar propension to, and sympathy of parts, does fly to the Liver and infect there: as an opthalmy, or sore eye, does hurt a sound eye: or a phthisis of the Lungs, is apt to set a tabid impression upon the Lungs of another, by intimate and near approaches; so the Venereal virulency dischargeth itself upon the Liver; particularly and especially, from the mutuation and consent of parts.  
But notwithstanding this Author be grave and solid in his Writings, yet I cannot admit of his reasons to prove what he contends for. 
Arguitur.  And although I grant that an opthalmy or phthisis may send forth injurious miasms and dart upon the like parts to infest them with the same Disease; yet here he begs the question, and supposeth a concession, that the Liver is always tainted in this Disease, which I altogether deny, where then is the sympathy of parts; and although we concede and do admit that the Liver is vitiated in some persons; yet than I do not allow that the Liver does more infect another Liver than any other part; nor are the effluviums carried to another Liver sympathically, or antipathically, but promiscuously are transmitted and received into another body by this or that other part, where the passage or pores are patent, or otherwise infirm and liable to be tainted. Besides, the comparison will not hold, nor is there that parity of reason between Liver and Liver, as between eye and eyes, or lung and lungs, for a transmission, communication, and reception. As for the eyes, they act and react upon one another by Vision directly (and have no power upon any other part) darting and working eminently upon each other (which might be illustrated amply) and by this means many strange effects are wrought; otherwise they have no power; nor could one eye infect or hurt another, but by gazing long or often, and fixing upon each other. But from liver to liver there is no such direct passage, no such correspondence between them, nor operation upon each other, nor is their any probability for it. And as for a phthisis why that should be infectious to the lungs of another, there is good reason for it; because the corrupt breath going out of the phthisical person, is drawn in and received by another (in their near approaches) and coming into the aspera arteria of the sound person, is by that canal immediately conveyed through various ramifications into the whole parenchymas of the Lungs, which being totally pervious, and of a spongious substance, is very susceptible and obnoxious to alterations from the quality of inspired air. And having imbibed phthisical corruptive miasms in the breath, may lodge and six there, changing the natural tone of the lungs into a tabid and corruptive state; but from liver to liver, there is no such speedy conveyance, no such capacity to receive, nor aptitude to act upon each other.  

Sennert. sententia.  Sennertus' being guided by his Predecessors, asserts much what to the same purpose, that the Venereal virulency being inimical to nutrition, does more peculiarly aim at and offend the natural faculty; which natural power he takes for granted and unquestionable to be seated in the liver; and therefore concludes that to be the part primarily affected, from whence as the Fountain all ill symptoms of the other parts, do issue from, and are fed from thence. Thus supposing the liver to be officina sanguificationis; and in this Disease the blood being commonly much tainted and corrupted, it was thought very rational that this must proceed from the impurity of the Fountain: but the liver now being discharged from the supreme office of sanguification, upon latter and more exact inquiries, and is not found to be membrum principale 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, as formerly hath been asserted and maintained; the opinions depending thence fall to the ground.  
And further we have to say; that the liver is not always the seat of this evil (according to the opinion of some) nor that it is for the most part their primariò resident (according to the sense of others) is further cleared from the discourse following.  
Diseases in respect of their situation and residence may be divided into two parts: First, such as claim a peculiar part of the body to abide in for their proper station, and where they exercise their power eminently; and are particular defects and aberrations of those faculties and parts, from whence commonly they have a proper denomination, or some adjunct pointing at the part affected; as Pleurisies, Colicks, Cephalalgyes, dysenteries, iliaca passio, peripneumonia's etc. Secondly, there are others of a larger extent and erratic power, that are not confined to any particular part, but challenge the whole body for their subject, and appear here or there, or chief here and remissly there, without restraint variously and are unlimited: and such are contagious Diseases of the highest rank, venenate, pestilential, and virulent; which seize sometimes here and sometimes there, and spread variously in the body; and this, from the primitive causes and manner of invasion; from the different nature of the malignity, and from the different propriety of bodies tainted; all which being multifarious, makes gr●●● difference as to the spreading and appearing of Diseases in this or that part more eminently, though the whole body be subjectum morbi; that is, every part liable, and no part constantly the chief seat of residence.  
In this latter rank we must place the Venereal malady; whose virulency being received into the body, or quartering upon the frontiers; does not commonly stop at the part first infected, but as other Venom's, does creep into the more intimate recesses, and taints other parts of the body. Secondly, no part of the body is exempt and secure, but liable to the infection, either by communication and transmission from other parts affected; or by the first seizure and attack. Sometimes the mouth lets it into the body by kissing; sometimes the breast receives it first by suckling a pocky Child; others are first seized and clapped in the genitals; and some take it by Bed , Garments, or such like, and the contagion enters the pores in divers parts, and the body liable on all sides; and being thus let in, does then circulate with the blood, and perambulate divers regions of the body; and such parts as are most infirm and less able to stand in their integrity, this virulency invades and makes impressions (propter inequale robur partium & imparem resistentiam) sometimes upon the brain and nerves; sometimes the lungs, and begets pocky asthmaes, phthises; sometimes the kidneys, neck of the bladder, throat, groin, etc. Planting Ulcers there, and sometimes the liver goes not free; but this part escapes as oft as the rest, which hath plainly appeared upon frequent dissections after Death, that the liver hath evaded sound when other parts have been wasted and rotten. And therefore we conclude, this Venereal Disease hath no settled abode, but is vagrant; and it is uncertain where this virulency will pitch and seat itself; nor is there any place of constant residence: which might more at large be proved, but for brevity sake I pass on, as thinking what hath been said, may give sufficient satisfaction.   

CHAP. VII.  
Whether this Lues be Contagious or Infectious; and the manner of giving and receiving it.  
IT is generally agreed upon amongst Authors, that this Disease is Contagious. So affirms Montenus, Massa, Rondeletius, Ferrerius, Maynardus, Fallopius, Fernelius, Tomitanus, Andr. Mathaeolus, Victorius, Mercatus, Sennertus, and many others.  
And that you may the better understand what this contagious Disease is, and the manner of its propagation: it is necessary you should know what is meant by contagion or infection; the several acceptations of the word, and the different degrees or sorts thereof.  

Contagi● tres gradus.  Contagion may be considered in a threefold degree; or contagious Diseases may be divided into three ranks or sorts: First, such as may be communicated by length of time, in frequent copulation or intimate approaches and contact by lying together: and thus a phthisis, scurvy, or notable Cachexy are contagious, and may be transmitted to their Bedfellows. Secondly, such as more eminently and sooner does infect; as the Venereal Lues, Itch, etc. Thirdly, Such as are of the greatest force and power, that seizeth at a distance and is very mortal, as the plague.  

Contagii quadruplex acceptatio.  Contagion also may be taken four ways or considered in a fourfold respect: either as it is a Disease impressed, and then denotes a preternatural affect introduced by communication or contact, from another body so affected: or it may be considered abstractly in its nature, and so it is termed venenosa qualitas: or it may be looked upon as it is in action, efflux, or operation; and so it is actio inficiens & contagiosa: or as the medium communication and contact; and so it is inquinamentum, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or effluvium. These two last considerations or acceptations respecting the Venereal Lues only, we shall discuss and lay open as proper in this place.  
To the act of infection also, or tainting in this Disease, there are three requisites: the person or body infecting that does communicate. Secondly, the virulent miasm transmitted or communicated. Thirdly, the person infected, that does receive the taint.  
The Person infecting or communicating this Lues does not lose his Disease or give it away to the person infected; but does emittere send forth some virulent exhalations, which seize and take hold of the other; and the person giving is not acquitted thereby. The persons giving or tainting are not alike, but some with more force and greater virulency do dart out and impress the idea of this Lues upon their Companion: and so much variation their is in the nature of this Disease, that some persons although they are apparently marked with this Lues, and cannot admit of any other title, yet as to contagion or infection, I cannot say it is an inseparable adjunct; for if it were so, doubtless the Husband could not lie with his Wife so long together (as I have known by several) but both must be infected, if either: but that it is so, frequent examples do testify, sometimes on the man's part, and sometimes on the woman's, that they have not injured their Bedfellows. And therefore I cannot affirm this Disease always to be contagious, though ut plurimum most commonly it is so; and this is not for any to presume or confide in, but to beware, for such cases are rare.  
And further I would have you know, that although sometimes Husband and Wife in their moderate and cooler acts of coition, may not injure each other; yet if another person deals with either of them that is tainted; I question very much whether the sound person that is a stranger, shall escape so well, as the constant Bed-fellow: and I rather think not; for the fiercer acts of copulation and fiery repetitions between strangers, are more dangerous, and expose to a more certain detriment. Parallel to this and by way of proof for our opinion, take this experiment. Two sound persons adventuring upon an unsound one after the other; the first hath come of untouched, the latter hath been clapped: and this because the first act being more cool, had not exasperated the latent virulency; but by repetition of the same, the spirits are then inflamed, and the pocky ferment roused up, made hot and fierce, becomes more venomous, and seizes the second Copartner.  
And here you must take notice, that this Disease is not always given by a person immediatè; but sometimes mediatè, an infected Bed or Garment will do the same; wherein the virulent miasms of this Lues lie dormant (as other contagious seminaries do the like) but by the approach of warm bodies do revive; are attracted and communicated to them, and received in by the pores of the body.  
In the next place we are to consider what these miasms or infectious seminaries are that pass from body to body. Some give them the denomination of vapour, others a spirit, from their subtlety and penetration, not that they are void of corporiety: but we shall not trouble ourselves upon the name, provided we rightly know what is meant thereby. We are therefore to understand them as Corpuscles or subtle finer invisible bodies, which are minute small portions exhaling from infected bodies of the same nature and taint, as the bodies from whence they were emitted. These venenous particles of contagious matter are agile and penetrative, that they insinuate themselves through the pores of other bodies; and being entered do then ferment and operate to alter and change their new receptacles, and tincture them with the like labes of their own virulent nature.  
Next we must consider the persons tainted or receiving this venereal Contagion: herein we may observe great difference; for as the persons infecting are not alike in virulency, but are more or less contagious (as before we noted) so likewise the persons receiving or liable thereto are not equally disposed to receive this virulency, 
Corpora ad contagium recipiendum apta & inepta.  but some make a stronger resistance, and reject it; others more readily yield and imbibe the pocky effluviums that are emitted from unsound bodies: and this difference there is with all bodies in respect of contagion of what nature soever, that some more easily and sooner are infected, others not; and this is manifest in the pestelential contagion whereto many are equally exposed and endangered, yet some escape, others are seized therewith. And so much diversity there is in the capacity of bodies, or aptitude for reception of any contagion (for instance, which I know to be true) some have been Bedfellows to pestilential bodies, and have escaped free; others have been seized with the Plague, that have kept a good distance from any person so infected. And thus it happens to bodies relating to the Venereal Lues: some are soon caught, others not: some may lie with a pocky person and not be tainted; others are infected by intimate converse and ordinary touch only; by garments or an infected Bed: and therefore it is very uncharitable to censure every person tainted with the Venereal Lues, as lewd and vicious; when as this malady hath assaulted the most virtuous and innocent persons.  

Contagium recipiendi modus.  Now for explicating the manner of reception, and determining the parts primò recipient or detegent; you must take notice that this Disease is either hereditary or adventitious: hereditary, when received from the father or the mother in Generation or before the birth; either male or female is sufficient to taint the offspring: if the Father be unsound in his body, his seed also is tainted; for if the blood be impure and contaminated, the genital seed also will participate, being an extract elaborated from the mass of blood: Cujus causa est mala, id ipsum est malum. Likewise the unsound mother does infect the foetus in her Womb, although the Masculine seed be sound, because she nourisheth it with her impure blood (if it will not be admitted that (he contributes semen in the act of generation.) In this case of an hereditary taint, it is uncertain where or in what part this Lues will first appear and blossom, because the seminary or ferment of this Disease is diffused through the whole body, and sometimes it first buds and breaks out in one part, sometimes in another, and is not constant.  
But it is otherwise when this Disease is adventitious after the birth, (excepting the case of an infant infected by an unsound Nurse) for then the Venereal virulency seizeth and sastens upon one part of the body more especially, which commonly makes the first complaint and discovers the evil, at least gives cause for inquiry what is the matter, of such alteration and unwonted symptoms.  

Lues Ven. per coitum. Contracta:  If this Contagion be taken by impure copulation, the Man or the Woman being infected does by that act and intimate congress, give it to the other that was sound: and then the privy parts (most frequently) makes the first discovery, by sharpness and heat of Urine, etc. especially if either were afflicted in the genitals; but if otherwise the virulency of this malady fastens upon other parts of the body, does then lurk longer before any alteration be perceived, but in time does bud forth and show itself, causing indisposition, pain in the head or other parts, and proceeds gradually (if not corrected) to display those symptoms as we have enumerated in the preceding Chapter, where the diagnosticks of this Lues is set down: nor does this venom keep its station and abide in the part that first received it, but commonly aliorum venenorum more, perambulates and penetrates through the body, perverting the crases of other parts, and alienating them from the rectitude of their offices and duty; from whence by time the whole oeconomy is out of frame, and the alimentary juices of the body impure and stained move or less, pro virulentiae natura & conditione corporis. For the manner how Contagion in copulation is contracted, take this account from Sennertus, which shall suffice. 
Sennert. Pract. Lib. vi. Par. 4. Cap. 4.  Et quidem viri à foeminis infectis hoc malum contrahunt, quia in venere propter spirituum concursum & per motum utero calefacto, vapores ex malignis humoribus in utero elevantur, qui à membro virili rarae constitutionis absorbentur & in venas recipiuntur. Vir verò infectus sanam mulierem inficere potest, vel per membrum virile, si id infectum & exulceratum habeat, vel per semen, et si membrum virile ulceratum non sit, vel utroqque modo. Quanquam enim semen in viris non semper planè corruptum est, cum videamus multos viros infec● os hac Luc generare; alteratum tamen & infectum est, unde non solùm soboles hanc luem contrahit, sed & soemina infici potest. And thus most frequently this Lues is communicated in venereous acts, especially if the genitals of either Sex be ulcerated, scabby, or foul.  

Per osculum.  But if this contagion be received by kissing ot the lips only; as when the person infecting hath a scabby lip or sore mouth; then the genetals do escape, and the person infected is branded in the mouth or lips: therefore it is a hazardous custom of saluting all strangers, and to drink after such sore mouths is dangerous: and although some go free that have made such adventures, and have not been prejudiced thereby; yet others have paid for it, and may warn the rest to be cautious.  

Per sudorem & transpirationem.  Sometimes this Contagion is comminicated by sweat, or a vaporous transpiration from bodies to their Bedfellows, when no copulation or kissing hath preceded: as between Man and Man, or Woman with Woman lying together; yet are they liable to be infected after this manner; and than it is uncertain where this virulency does enter, and what parts will first be stigmatised and complain.  

Per lectum & vestimenta.  The case is much what the same when this lurking Venom is received from Bed-Cloths and Garments. 'tis doubtful what part is most ready to attract, receive and imbibe the latent pocky miasms, that are lodged there, when all parts are equally exposed; but sometimes they seize here, and sometimes there.  

Per lactationem.  By sucking, and suckling of Children this Lues is often caught: sometimes the Child gives it the Nurse, and then the breast makes the first complaint: and sometimes the pocky Nurse infects the Infant, and then it is not certain where the virulency will breakout and appear; for being diffused throughout the body and radicated in the constitution of the Child by the tainted milk; 'Tis doubtful what part will make the first discovery. But sooner or later, here or there, it will show itself; and then perhaps may puzzle good judgements to determine what's the matter. Therefore Children ought very cautiously to be put out to nursing, since the venereal taint is become such a popular evil. And Nurse's likewise may beware what Children they receive; especially if the Child have a sore mouth, it may prove a pocky thrush, and then she earns her wages very dearly.   

CHAP. VIII.  
Presages of the Curability and Incurability of the Venereal Lues: with cautionary advice to Undertakers and Patients.  
BEfore judgement be given of this Disease, whether Curable or Incurable; of facile or difficil curation, or whether the Cure may be of longer or shorter performance: that the event may answer the determination of the Physician herein, and not be deceived; these things are first to be considered, and he must steer his judgement by this problematical compass.  
Whether this Lues be antique or of late standing?  
What parts are invaded, and where the chief place of residence?  
How this Contagion was contracted, by impure copulation or otherwise?  
Whether this Lues be hereditary, or adventitious?  
Whether the symptoms be mild, and gentle; or fierce, raging and spreading?  
Whether the venereal taint be radicated in the constitution; or some extern parts only seized?  
Whether this Contagion be only floating in the humours and juices of the body; or any the solid and carnous parts be also wasted  
Whether the person infected, be old or young?  
Whether male or female?  
Whether they have undergone any former course of Physic for the same?  
Whether the Person be strong, fleshy, and lusty; or weak, hectical, and Consumptive?  
Whether formerly infected, and supposed to be cured; or it be the first taint and surprise?  
Whether this Lues be planted in a scorbutic, infirm and Caco-chymical body; or in a clean constitution, and of sound organical parts?  
In answer to these Problems, and to satisfy the Queries proposed, I affirm.  
That the Venereal Lues which is recent, and but lately contracted, is sooner Cured (caeteris paribus) then that which is of longer abode: for nature then sooner and easier reverts to her pristine state and integrity from a late declenstion, than when she is habituated in any morbific evil: besides, the contagious vestigia of this Disease at first are not so deeply imprinted; and so more easy and better to be razed out, then afterwards when by time they are profoundly radicated.  
The Venereal Lues is more facile or difficult to be Cured, as the parts invaded are in condition and capacity; and therefore the principal parts are more dangerously affected than the inferior: and of, the more noble parts the brain commonly produceth the most contumacious symptoms, and the pocky ferment is with greatest difficulty displaced thence.  
Venereal Contagion seizing a person by external contact, as from Beds, Garments, kissing, or familiar converse with a pocky person; does not so deeply insinuate itself into the body receiving, as that which is introduced by coition; and is more easily cured. Because the former takes up its quarters in the confines and extern parts, and hath not admittance within, but after some considerable time: but the latter in the Venereal act, is conveyed more intimately, and received greedily by the delectation accompanying, and the virulency stirred up vigorously, made hot and powerful to infect. Yet this Contagion is sooner ejected and cleared out of the body, than that which is imbibed by Children from a pocky Nurse; for the venom being received with the milk, does radicate itself in the whole constitution of the Child, and requires a longer time to dispossess it.  
An Hereditary Pox is worse than that which is adventitious; hath the deepest stain and tincture most difficult to be abstersed and fetched out; being connatural and congenerous with the seminal and sanguine principles of the body: therefore the undertaking to amortise and kill this venom, requires a considerable time and potent medicaments, else the labour is ineffectual and frustraneous.  
Venereal Contagion that is more calm, sluggish, and inactive, gives leave to deliberate and to make choice of the fittest season and conveniencies for Cure: but being notably clapped, and stung with a furious enraged venom; then admits of no delay nor dallying with; and to lose time in such Case is dolorous and dangerous; advanceth the difficulty of the Cure, and protracts the length. Obsta principiis— Is then most necessary advice and caution.  
If this Lues be frontier only, and seated as a borderer upon the external parts, as a pocky itch, or tettar; the Cure is more easy and shorter: but having insinuated deeper into the habit of the body, and perverted some principal or subservient internal part; the Cure is not so facile and short; And not equally to be undertaken and promised.  
When the Venereal virulency hath only contaminated the succulent parts, and fluctuates in the blood and humours of the body; the organical parts standing firm without solution of continuity; an ejectment is sooner made, and the Cure more easily perfected: but if any solid part be tabefied or ulcerated, the Cure is more difficult and much longer in effecting; and s● much the worse if the part be principal, or seated difficultly, to be applied unto or to be dealt with; and therefore pocky Ulcers of the Bladder, Kidneys, Lungs, etc. Are of such difficult curation, that they prove mortal to most, unless they fall into the hands of some Physician of extraordinary ability and expertness in these Cures.  
Young persons tainted with this Disease, sooner escape and get free; nature being vigorous to cooperate with the means for a purification: but when this virulency seizeth ancient people, it catches faster hold of them, and they are not easily rescued: for nature being past her strength and worn out, at least debilitated by intemperance, casualties or other infirmities, makes her more incapable to encounter and contend with this last assault, and therefore the assistance of Physic and Physician must not be ordinary.  
Men seized with this Disease bear it out more resolutely, hid it better, and more easily complies with a Cure, by their firmness of body and Masculine strength: but the Feminine Sex being fainter in courage, and their tender moist bodies more liable to the injury; so their success in Cure is not so good, for they evade not this evil so soon, but require a longer course and diligent use of means.  
Patients upon the first complaint and address for Cure, are sooner and easier reducible, and cleared from the virulency of this Disease; but such as are driven by ill success, from one Physician to another, or (which is worse) by ignorant, deceitful, and bad usage of Empirics of divers sorts: these are not to be dealt with upon the same score; their Cures being more difficult and longer in the performance: for, the work is commonly double; the mischief of improper or bad Medicines to be corrected and redressed; then the Disease, which by ill management or contemning of Medicine is made thereby more contumacious and intractable. This is often verified, and my own experience confirms it from several that were forced from their first undertakers, bringing with them sad mementoes of their insufficiency and bold adventures. And here I might relate strange stories of the ignorant and ill usage that some Patients have undergone, and have been driven from one to another, not only without their Cures, but with marks of their sufferings in hazardous courses: but I shall forbear at this time.  
The Venereal Pox advening and gaining possession of strong and firm bodies, yet takes not such certain hold as on persons of another condition; and is more easily expulsed for nature being more vigorous to acquit herself and eject the virulent adversary; is also better able to bear and comply with the continuance or repetition of any medical operation requisite for Cure; whether Cathartic diaphoretic, salivatory, etc. But Consumptive, macerated, and hectical bodies have not that assistance of nature; nor do they undergo those operations required with that facility, nor commonly with that good success: therefore a great difference is to be made in the undertaking; the latter being much more hazardous and difficult. And I have known the Pox Cured, when the Patient not long after hath died of the Consumption.  
The first attack and seizure of this Disease, goes of sooner and is more easily removed; but relapses from imperfect Cures, or long delays and bafling of Medicines by ill management; or second contaminations and encounters, prove more stubborn and contumacious: nature being then accustomed to the enormities of this evil, does more readily yield up and comply with; and not easily reduced to integrity and a sound state.  
When this Lues enters into a clean habit of body and sound organical parts, Nature is not so easily depraved and corrupted, and the Venereal venom in such bodies is sooner tamed and mortified: but coming into an unwholesome putrid, Cacochymical or Scorbutic habit of body; this venereal ferment aggravates all the rest, and such condition of bodies degenerate strangely, and produce the most formidable symptoms: for these several corrupt seminaries conspiring and joining their forces together are not easily broken in their confederacy and conquered; but require a considerable time, and more exquisite Medicines and method to extirpate and break this associated strength; else commonly in such cases this Lues becomes inveterate, and coh●bits during life, though sometimes lurking and disguised under a Cathe●ic habit of body. Particularly concerning the contumacy of the Venereal Disease complicated with the Scorbute, 
Tract of the Scurvy. Chap. 5. 4th Edition.  I have formerly noted elsewhere in another Treatise, whither I refer the Reader.  
These Queries being thus satisfied, well collated and applied to any case proposed, the prediction thereupon will carry great probability of truth, and much certainty of the event and success: but withal take notice, that although in many cases the Disease may be of facile curation, or with difficulty curable in their own nature, to a truly able expert Physician; and it may most reasonably and confidingly be expected to succeed and fall out according to our prognostics in the several cases recited by way of query; yet to another that is not a steady and sure practiser, or that hath but one common method of Cure, or road to walk in; to such I say the Disease may be tedious, difficult, or incurable; and the event much otherwise than we have promised, in the several cases; because he cannot vary nor go out of his tract, but is confined to one way of Cure, which oft fails and then he is at a stand: or if he be a traditional man of more learning, and depending upon the various opinions of Authors, wafted here and there, and trying this and that with uncertain fallacious shop Medicines; I do not wonder that such are often baffled with this Disease, being not firmly bottomed, upon their own experiments in pharmacy; and many Cases that are curable, and also such as are of easy curation, oft run to an incurable state or mortal event, and the virulent stain never washed out, but remains during life.  
The reasons, and manner how this uncertainty and disappointment in medical practice does arise, and is too frequent, even amongst the most learned Physicians so reputed, is amply set forth in a late 
* The Ancient and Modern Practice of Physic, Examined and Compared, &c:  Work exposed to public view, for information and caution to all those that are any way concerned in Physic, either as Physician or Patient.   

CHAP. IX.  
General Therapeutic considerations.  
THE grand business appertaining to this Disease, is the invention of means and forming of remedies to profligate this direful malady. To which purpose Physicians have laboured to find out rational ways of Cure, answering their several opinions and determinations of this Lues. Empirics not being capacitated to dive into the abstrusity of this Disease, nor willing to spend time about the notional part wherein they find no gain; fall presently upon the practice, consulting only or rather at a venture borrowing from tradition a method of Cure, which boldly they experiment upon all persons, and whether it hit or miss, are not able to give an account or reason for either.  
But the legal and rational Professor is not so satisfied and contented to oppose this Lues Andabatarum more, but propose marks to aim at, and certain rules to go by, that they may have some certainty and confidence in their endeavours, to attain the end and scope of this Art, the relief and rescuing of Mankind from the tyranny and oppression of Diseases. And although this be the ultimate end to which Physic is directed, yet to acquire and attain this, several men go several ways, according as they are biased in their various opinions and conceptions of this or any other Disease: from whence (together with mere empyrical adventures and chance experiments) divers methods of cure and variety of Medicines have been excogitated and found out to extirpate this contaminating ignominious Disease.  
It is then worth our labour to revise and examine, both the rational and empyrical chance Medicines, as also the method and appointments that govern their use, and all circumstances attending, as tradition and Authors set forth in their several tracts of this Disease; by which examples and Patterns the practisers of our times do steer their courses of Physic as the safest and best conducts hitherto found out and discovered: some adhering to this Author and his Medicines; others to another, prosecuting in a different way and with other remedies: all which are recorded upon the Apothecary's files, and reposited with them as a trust (whether to the honour or shame of the Professors, may plainly be seen in a late 
* The Ancient and Modern Practice of Physic, Examined and ComPared, etc.  Work of general concern) upon the review and scanning whereof, we shall come to understand what projections and modes of Cure now in practice, are rational, fit to be retained and imitated, and what courses and medicaments are frivolous or injurious, to be exploided and avoided.  
For a complete regimen and institution for Cure, three things are to be observed: First, the Diaetetick part, which consists in a due observance and appointment of the six non-naturals, so termed by Physicians; secondly, Chyrurgical operations; thirdly, the pharmaceutical or medical apparatus.   

CHAP. X.  
Diaetetick Institution, for the Venereal Lues.  
UNder this head is comprised the regular and due ordering of bodies most suitable and convenient, relating to the six non-naturals, which are these: Meat and Drink, Exercise and Rest, Sleep and Watching, Air, Evacuation and Retention, Passions of Mind.  
General Diaetetic rules governing and limiting all bodies in the aforenamed, during the course of their lives, most conducing to Health and vigorous Vitality; I have laid down in another 
* The Preservation of Health and prolongation of Life.  Work wholly designed for that purpose; so that here we shall say nothing but what peculiarly belongs to such who are tainted with this Lues.  

Meat and Drink.  
Fallopius enjoins such a diet as he thinks does most resist putrefaction and ebullition of the blood: 
Gab. Fallop. De morb. gall. Cap. 28.  and therefore forbids the moister sorts of flesh and fish; prohibits all fruits, also Onions, Garlic, and Radishes; he commends Biscuit bread above other: approves of Vinegar; also allows Pepper grossly beaten if the stomach be weak; but forbids it if there be Ulcers cica sedem, are his own words. He is willing to admit Cloves, Nutmeg, Cardamum, Cinnamon, unless ebullition in the Liver forbidden them: strong Wines (he says) are injurious unless diluted with Water.  
Vella commends bread that is new, 
Georg. Vella de morb. gall. opuscul.  something brown, having a little bran in it, that it may be the more abstersive. He is silent in the kinds of meat proper for this Disease; but approves of old Claret moderately drunk for digestion.  
But Mercatus forbids all Wine severely, 
Mercat. de morb. gall. Cap. 5.  unless necessity urgeth by great languishing and weakness of the Patient; and then he would have it allayed with Water. He approves of Mutton, Veal, Fowls, and Rabbits; but condemns Fish, and all salt meats.  
Montesaurus appoints bread well baked, 
Montesaur. de morb. gall. Cap. 6.  but not new: he approves of Veal, Kid, Lamb, Hens, and Capons, but rather lean than fat. He allows all sorts of Fish; but condemns Pork, Ducks, and Geese, as too gross meat, and all salt meats as injurious: but commends Partridge, Pheasant, and small Birds. He approves of milk as a most proper food, if pustuls do much appear upon the body; and then makes this Lues a parallel Cure with the Leprosy; imitating Abohaly an ancient Arabian Physician, who applauds milk as a most requisite diet in the Leprosy. He disapproves of all Spices but Cinnamon: forbids all fruits but almonds, pistaches, raisins, and pomegranates: condemns butter and oil.  
De Hutten commends a spare diet: 
De Hutten de morb. gall.  and interdicts Mutton, Goats-flesh, Beef, and all other meats engendering melancholy: also hard Eggs, old Cheese, all kind of Pulse, salt Fish, and green Fruits. And forbids Wine very strictly. 
Joan. Bened de morb. gall. Cap. 4.   
Joan. Benedictus appoints a moist diet and something plentiful, because the Disease is Chronic, following the precepts of Hippoc. and Galen, who appoints spare diet for acute Diseases, but larger feeding for Diseases of continuance. He enjoins the Patiented white bread, leavened, well baked, and not above three days old. Commends to him white Wine mixed with borage, bugloss, and risen water; and this chief in the declination of the Disease: but if the Disease be very painful, than he rather approves of Claret. He approves of boiled meat rather than roast; allows of Fish, Eggs, also barley water with almond milk; borage, Bugloss, spinach, and Beets. I think they wrought miracles in those days, when Venereal Patients were Cured after this rate: for this seems a very unfit and improper diet. He forbids Cheese and other milk meats; but yet he hath a good mind to allow of milk. 
Ibidem.  Attamen lac (nisi esset hepatis & stomachi ardour) propter conformitatem quam habet hic morbus cum lepra, admitteretur: his own words. He allows of baked fruits, and condescends to the use of Mace and Cinnamon sparingly.  
Pet. Maynardus forbids Mutton, 
Pet. Maynard. de morb. gall. tract. 2. Cap. 1.  Beef, and Pork; all salt meats, all Fish, except those in gravelly Waters. Disapproves of Geese, Ducks, and all Water Fowl, but allows of others: prohibits all Pulse except red Cicers, commends Veal, Kid, rear Eggs, and baked fruits. Allows borage, Bugloss, Endive, Lettuce, Hops and spinach. Admits of Wine in the Cure, red Wines, no white or blackish Wines.  
Ferrus a Neapolitan, 
Alphons. Ferrus de morb. gall. lib. 4. a Cap. 1. ad 6.  Professor in this faculty, waves all the Diaeteticks save only Wine, of which he discourseth something largely; and would prove the use of Wine in this Disease, as conducing to the Cure: and brings in the Authority of Abenzoar an Arabian Physician to back him, who said, nec cibum nec medicinam vino unquam privari debere. And therefore appoints the common decoction to be made with Wine, by analogy from other medicated Wines that are proficuous in other Diseases: and for the kind, he chooseth white Wine before others, and to be old Wine, if the Disease be ancient. But if the Patient be of a sanguine or choleric Complexion, and hath a hot Liver, and the season be hot; then he allows of water for the decoction.  
Victorius forbids Wine as noxious in this Disease, 
Bened. Victor. lib. de morb. gall.  and instead thereof commends hydromel, a drink of honey and water wherein hyssop and betony is boiled. He forbids Beef, Venison, Mutton, Pork, and Goat's flesh as difficult of concoction and producing a feculent and gross blood, and disallows all salt meats. And because he determined this Disease to be cold and moist, he therefore opposeth it with that is hot and dry (in his opinion) and commends young Rabbits, Leverets, Capons, Pigeons, Hens, Partridge, Pheasant, all wood Fowls and small Birds: But condemns Geese, Ducks, and all water Fowl, also Lamb because it is too moist; and all fish upon the same account, as promoting the corruption of humours in this Lues. He allows of Hen Eggs boiled, and commends the yolk, but not the white, as being viscous, cold, and moist, (a strange fancy) he prohibits milk and milk meats, as being offensive to the head and praecordia, and citys Hippoc. and Galen to confirm his opinion.  
Amat. Lusitanus is very short in his 
Amat. Lusitan.  diaetetic Precepts, 
Epist. tert. Cent. Med. Curate.  the chief are these: he appoints hard Ship Biscuit, but made with Sugar after the Venetian manner. Commends Sugar very much in this Disease, also honey. But forbids salt, vinegar, and all acid or acrid things: he will not allow of any salt in bread, nor any meats seasoned with salt: and commends boiled meat before roast. But why salt should be so strictly forbidden, I see no reason, since it opposes the products or effects of this Disease: viz. a superfluous or degenerate moisture, and from thence proceeds to a corruption of humours; now salt desiccates, roborates and corrects a depraved abounding moisture, helps digestion, is preservative from putrefaction, and promotes some intentions of Cure being discreetly used: wherefore moderately seasoned meats are better than fresh.  
Petronius does not allow of hard Biscuit, 
Alexand. Trajan, Petron. de morb. gall. lib. 3. Cap. 7.  especially to such who are costive, of a dry body and weak stomach: and quotes Hypocrates lib. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, where he appoints Biscuit to such as are hydropical: and therefore Petronius conjectures it too dry in this Disease, and brings in Galen to second Hippoc. quint. de simp. Cap. 9 Yet afterwards this Author allows Biscuit to such who have a moist and strong stomach. He prefers boiled meat before roast; and says, roast is harder of digestion, choleric, dry, and astringent; but is not curious concerning the kinds of flesh, whether this or that: modo quae solita est, eligatur; prefertim si magis jucunda fuerit. Forbids salt and all salt meats severely, and gives strange reasons for that opinion. He prohibits all Spices, Onions, Leeks, Garlick, and Mustard: also milk and milk meats; all sorts of pulse, fish, and fruits, especially Figs, if the eyes or skin be affected.  
Ferrerius commends roast meat before boiled; 
Auger. Ferrer. de pudenda gra. lib. 1. Cap▪ 5.  yet allows of flesh broths, panadoes and almond milks. He forbids all salt meats and acrid: but approves of acids, as Verjuice, Vinegar, juice of Sorrel, Citrons, Oranges, and Pomegranates. He appoints Wine but diluted with Water: and instead of Wine allows barley water sugared water, or honey and water: he approves of wheat bread, leavened, with some bran in it for abstersion; forbids Biscuit, and condemns a spare diet.  
Tomitanus is large in his Diaeteticks concerning this Disease, 
Bernard. Tomitan. de morb. gall. lib. 2. Cap. 5.  the chief heads are these; a spare diet, inclining to cooling, and moistening; yet he prohibits Lamb and Pork, as being too juicy, and raw fruits: also fish upon the same account, except some of the better sort. He condemns salt meats, and Spices, also Fennel, Parsly, and Mint, because they are too hot (as he thinks) and spinach, because too moist; and Sorrel because binding and obstructing: allows Asparagus (which makes a stinking Urine, and is worse than all the rest) prohibits sweet things, acrid, austere, acid, and acerb; and approves of boiled meats before roast. This is his sense.  
Sennertus' waves all Diaetick Precepts, 
Sennert.  and is silent in that part of the Cure.  
I have here presented to your view, the practice and approbations of our Predecessors of several Countries, in dyeting their Patients that were affected with the venereal Lues: and by this collection you see the several sentiments of Authors and their different appointments touching this subject (worth your observation) many more I might have laid before you, but what hath been delivered is sufficient for you to descant and deliberate on. I find amongst these and other Authors, 
Authoris animadversio.  variety of opinions twharting each other in appointing a diet proper and fit against this Disease: and can see no agreement in any one thing that is either meat or drink; but one approves, and another condemns in every particular: their reasons and arguments alleged (though sometimes the thing contended for be right) are many of them light and vain, being founded upon false hypotheses, and erroneous traditional doctrines that are, or must be exploded. They most of them acknowledge the Disease to be occult, yet all their aims are at manifest qualities; and lay a great stress here as matters of much importance and great moment in Cure: some for a drying diet, others for a moist; some for heating, others for cooling: some will have a slender diet, others for a larger feeding; some for Wine, others forbidden Wine; some applaud milk, others decry it; some for roast meat, others for boiled.  
To set these several Antitheses in their Order, with their Authors owning and defending these repugnant assertions; together with our own judgement moderating and determining between them, would swell this part equal with the whole work beside: in regard these several different persuasions are bottomed upon some fundamental or preceding hypotheses that must first be evicted, before we can fairly and clearly confute these errors built thereon; which to do, will take up some considerable room, and make too large a digression and perhaps an unnecessary parergy, unbecoming the intent and promise of a succinct compendious work; therefore I must forbear to enter upon the controversy: nor must you expect I shall (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) condemn and reject this or that by my own authority; until a further opportunity present, when I may (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) with reason and argument refel the seeming validity of the opinions rejected. And so I pass on to the next that comes under consideration which is.   

Air.  
From Air bodies receive great mutations, 
Aer.  according to the various tempers and conditions thereof, and does operate upon sound bodies, either for the better or the worse; so likewise in a valetudinary and sickly state, the Air is helpful or prejudicial, as it is in goodness or sutableness with this or that condition of body, and is either assistant to nature, or promoting the Disease.  
Air may be considered, either as relating to a Climate or Region, or in respect to the seasons of the year: As for the Climate, hot Countries perform a Cure of this nature with more ease and speed than the colder; and therefore in Spain, Italy, etc. the Cure of this Lues is more easy than in England, Holland, Denmark, etc. colder Countries. Upon the same account the Summer season here in England is more assisting and advantageous than the Winter: because where there is apertion of pores and a freer perspiration, there the malignity of this Disease does less molest and trouble the Patient, and is continually spending: but when the pores are occluded and shut up by cold, and transpiration cohibited, the malign virulency is retained, does thereby augment and ferment, causing turgid aestuations and dolorous symptoms: therefore I say, that cold Climes, moist foggy air, and maritine places, are worse to live in for those that are tainted with this malady: but a dry, warm, pure Air, is most preservative; and experience declares that those who are infected with this Disease, are more afflicted in Winter than in Summer: and observe, that where the Scurvy is most predominant and endemical, there the Pox is most difficult to be Cured: but when Cures are undertaken in such disadvantageous places or cold seasons, the assistance of Art must correct those impediments, and a Summer warm air procured in the Patient's Chamber.   

Exercise.  
As it is preservative to sound bodies, 
Exercitium.  so is it as Physic to some kinds of Diseases; and many by this help have boar up and withstood, the threaten and encroachments of some infirmities: yet as exercise is not proficuous and proper for all Diseases, so is it not convenient in all degrees and conditions of those Diseases, where otherwise it might be proper and advantageous: for such who are Consumptive, emaciated and enfeebled by this Lues, are not fit for exercise nor benefitted thereby; and such who labour under a Gonorrhaea, are made worse by exercise and not the better: therefore the ability of the Patient, the progress of the Disease, and circumstances attending are to be considered; which being collated, from thence will appear whether exercise be proper and convenient. But this we shall conclude on, that such bodies who are fit for labour and exercise, and do use it, shall best avoid the dangerous consequences of this Disease; but idle, slothful, and sluggish bodies, do sooner come to ruin, and have the grand Characters of this Disease sooner appearing: and therefore the ordinary sort of labouring working people, do hold out longest and scape best.   

Sleep.  
Being appointed by nature for refreshment of our bodies in health, 
Somnus.  and does repair lost strength by transpiration, weariness and watching; is likewise required in Cases of sickness; and at such times the want of it is much more perceived by how much than the body is less able to endure without it: for all the supports of nature are then to be summoned and called in for aid, more especially when she labours with an intestine Enemy. Therefore if any dolorous or afflicting symptom, attendant upon this Disease, do disturb nature and rob her of her due repose, causing restless and unquiet nights; you must seek for the assistance of Art to check and allay the causes of such disquietudes; else nature will sooner succumbere, yield to the power and prevalency of this Disease, and your countenance will strait discover the oppression of your malady: besides, when nature is put by her accustomed rest (which gives vigour and reinforceth all the faculties) no function will be performed rightly, but weakly and depravedly, and then are more easily compellable by the malignity of this Disease, to run more swiftly into disorder, and sooner produce the ruinous effects of this Lues. But è contra, indulging of sleep beyond what nature hath appointed and requires, is pernicious on that hand: for nature being thus detained sluggish, ill humours do abound, evacuations being cohibited and restrained beyond their due times of excretion, and the body not freed and discharged as it ought, which gives advantage to this Disease, as further appears following.   

Evacuation.  
All bodies seized with or inclining to a malign Cachexy, putrefaction, or degeneration of humours, daily evacuation by stool is good; but costive bodies retaining excrements beyond their due times of excretion, 
Excrementa.  does accumulate sordid matter to advance and increase a Disease, and does pejorate an ill habit of body: for that which should go out by the guts being retained, is sucked and drawn into the habit of the body, (the thinner part) and contaminates the blood: therefore such who are tainted with this Disease, having the inconvenience of an astringent belly; must use medical assistance to obviate the mischief that may accrue thereby.  
But Venereal or spermatic evacuations must be forborn as most injurious in the Cure; 
Venus.  and warily to be admitted out of a curative regimen until this malignity be eradicated, and the body freed from that venom: for as the faculties are debilitated and oppressed by the Disease; so venereal acts do enervate and bring down the strength, whereby this Lues takes advantage and prevails the more; remembering that natura corroborate est morborum medicatrix.   

Passions of Mind.  
The next and last we are to precaution you, is concerning the passions of mind, 
Animae Pathemata.  whereof some are good ut signum & causa; as hope, joy, and mirth, which enables the mind to bear the infirmities of the body with more ease and less prejudice; for the faculties do then exert their energy more strenuously, and are not so soon depraved and perverted in their functions, but contend and struggle with the assaults of this or any other Disease: and being thus fortified and kept up in their vigour, they are not so apt to receive the impressions of Diseases, nor decline so suddenly when they are seized.  
But Fear makes the Soul to shrink and whither, abates her influence upon all the faculties whereby they languish and grow weak, not performing their duties as they ought.  
And melancholy lays a weight and clog upon the springs of the faculties, so that they move heavily, unduly and with great deficiency; which gives considerable advantage to the prevailing power of this malady.  
Anger raiseth the spirits, but with disturbance, with confused irregular motions, and makes a tempest in the body, fermenting the blood and humours with a turgid preternatural ebullition: whereby the virulency of this Lues is exasperated and scattered into all parts, that before lay dormant, at least more quiet and sedate, confined to some particular region of the body: but being agitated and roused up by this furious storm, is dispersed into other quarters, lodgeth there and infects sound parts.    

CHAP. XI.  
Of Phlebotomy, in the Cure of this Lues.  
HAving dispatched the diaetetick part, the next in order to be treated of, are Chirurgical or manual operations; and here Phlebotomy comes to be discussed, whether useful or not in the Cure of this Pox; because it is most frequently used in these Cures, and most Practisers very formally begin their course with this celebrated remedy, as if their method were not complete if this did not lead the Van. It will not be lost time then but profitable to cast our eye upon the Practice of such Writers as are accounted men of note, leaders in the profession, at least in these Cures; and see how they consent in this point, and their reasons for what they do, because the age is much governed by tradition and example, and think they are safe practisers, and what they do is warrantable, if they keep the beaten road, and have the Authority of their Predecessors to back them; and this is one main block that puts a stop to the proficiency and progress of this Science: else it would have arrived to a greater perfection and certainty, than as now it stands.  
Upon inquiry I find most Authors consent to the administration and use of Phlebotomy, as a necessary curative remedy and means; yet differing amongst themselves in some circumstances for the admittance; in viewing their several appointments herein, we shall remark something to be taken notice of from the bias of their various opinions.  
Massa a Venetian, 
Nichol. Massa.  one of the ancientest Writers upon this Disease, declares for bleeding as necessary, and urgeth the utility and fitness thereof from this reason, that Phlebotomy drains the Liver and Veins, which (he saith) is locus generationis of this Disease; and making a depletion or diminution here, he supposeth and allegeth that so much of the antecedent and conjunct morbific cause is abated and taken away: and draws in some Canons of Hippoc. Galen, and Avicen. to confirm this judgement. But this Author mistakes the place of generation or chief residence, as already proved, Chap. 6. ● That I need not repeat here: and as for the Authority to second him, I see no reason why Hippoc. Galen, or Avicen should bear sway here in the Cure of this Disease, when as this Author and most others will not allow them or any of the ancients to have any knowledge of this Lues: and this Disease being confessed by them to be of an occult nature; I judge it therefore to be exempted, and not to be regulated by the general therapeutic precepts of the Ancients: besides, Authority whatsoever is no convincing argument, but must give place to reason and experience, founded upon latter and better discoveries.  
Almenar a Spaniard, 
Joan▪ Almenar.  allows phlebotomy in the beginning of this Disease, but scruples at it in the progress.  
Cataneus asserts phlebotomy very 
Jacob. Gatan.  stiffly in all Cases of this Disease, where there is signs of plenitude; and brings this as an argument, the general success that Women have, whose monthly courses are constant, above others who have not the benefit of that evacuation. I answer; as to the matter of fact (which I might very well question) if we give him credit, and grant him the quoth sit of his observation; yet this does not prove sufficiently and clearly the efficacy of phlebotomy; for as much as that impediment or obstruction of nature may depend upon, or result from some considerable preternatural cause in the body: so that the bare retention of the menses did not make the difference in success, but the greatness of the cause obstructing, might make a great disparity and disproportion in the Cases, and therefore success in Cure might not equally follow. Besides, in comparing Cases together, and drawing observations equally from them in curation; many circumstances are to be considered, and niceties exactly to be weighed, relating to the persons, the curative regimen, and pharmateutick preparations, for a parity and levelling the Cases, if you will give an impartial judgement, and not deceive yourself.  
Torrella prohibits phlebotomy when Pustuls appear externally, 
Gasper. Torrell.  for this reason that it does attract the virulent matter inwards, and in this case he severely forbids it, nam si aliter faceres, non esses medicus, sed interfector; are his own words: but in other cases of this Disease allows it; And shelters himself under the Protection of Hippoc▪ and Galen, whose general rules of phlebotomy he would have to extend hither.  
Hock allows phlebotomy generally in the Cure of this Lues, 
Wendol Hock.  but agrees with Torrel that it, must be forborn when Pustuls appear upon the skin, lest it cause a retraction; quia convertit & repellit scilicet ad interiora illud quod procedit ad exteriora. His words.  
Petronius prohibits phlebotomy in general, 
Alex. Trajan. Petron.  and offers good reason against it, as not conducing and proper against this Disease: afterwards he falls off, and allows it in some Cases which are of no validity to countenance the admission of it, and nuls his former arguments, by this concession.  
Fallopius appoints bleeding in this Disease, upon a threefold account, 
Gab. Fallop.  as conducing and promoting the Cure: first, to temper and allay the ebullition in the Liver; secondly, to diminish or lessen the matter that is to be altered with Medicines and evacuated; thirdly, to make a revulsion of humours from the Liver that are gathered there: haec tria sunt, quae indicant nobis sectionem venae, says that Author: but by his leave, we are not obliged to take notice of them otherwise than as vain suppositions; for as much as they have not the force of reason to persuade or compel to the observance: for there is no such ebullition in the Liver (in the common course of this Disease) nor confluence of humours thither to be revulsed back: but (erroneously) supposing that part to be the sedes Morbi (which opinion we have refuted) these other errors have sprung from thence also, and do depend thereon as their foundation; which amply might be set forth, but I judge it not necessary, and therefore forbear to enlarge hereupon.  
Brassavolus observes no indication for bleeding but plethory; 
Anton. musa Brassavol.  and then regards no contra-Indication; but all Cases alike with him.  
Botallus is very free in bleeding for this Disease; 
Leonard. Botall.  and commends (a strange invention of his own) a vein to be opened in the genital of Man, in case that part be ulcerated: Vena colis ulceri proxima aperienda est, vel sanguisuga affigenda, quo putridus sanguis ulcus nutriens hoc ingenio educatur, are his own words: wherein we may see the ridiculous conceptions and aims that some men have had in the design of healing; and how ignorant they were in the true knowledge of Diseases and the work of nature, to help herself.  
Tomitanus thinks bleeding very necessary, 
Bernard. Tomitan.  and to be performed according to Galens rules in his Book de curandi ratione per sanguinis missionem and that (he says) is chief by opening the basilica Vein; and this is all his arguments and advice for phlebotomy in the Cure of this Lues.  
Ferrerius commends bleeding in this Disease for plethoric bodies; 
Auger. Ferrer.  and for such whose Pustuls, Tumours, and Ulcers, do tend towards inflammation, and is nice in choosing this or that vein to be opened, as the superior or inferior parts are affected: and this to no purpose, since the circulation is found out and approved. Herein we may see how errors are planted upon one another, and how little of the old doctrine will stand, when it comes to be examined by latter inventions, and more certain approved truths.  
Mercatus is for bleeding in the beginning of this Disease, 
Ludovic. Mercat.  for these reasons: to abate plenitude; secondly, that the purgatives which ought to be violent, may have a fiercer passage; and thirdly, that the Liver may be discharged of a great part of blood contained there, lest it should be dispersed, and infect other parts of the body.  
To this Author I answer in short: first, supponat quod non est supponendum: he supposeth always a plethory, which oftentimes is not in these Cases; therefore not to be pleaded as a general indication. Secondly, violent purgatives are not necessary in any Case, therefore not in this: for, let purgatives be supposed to work electiuè, fermentatiuè, or per antipathiam; yet moderate and gentle purgation is less injurious to nature, and more advantageous for the purpose intended, than forcing nature to a violent expulsion, where no separation can be made, but good and bad is hurried away together. As for his third reason; that does depend upon two errors: first, that the Liver is sedes Morbi which we have proved the contrary: secondly, that the Liver is officina sanguificationis; which ancient opinion is now exploded by most Modern Physicians, that I need not add more than what hath been said by others. And lastly, he supposeth the blood to be stagnant in the Liver, which is contrary to the doctrine of circulation, and therefore not to be admitted as a good Plea.  
To the assertors of Phlebotomy in general, I say; this Disease being considered in its own nature, does not require bleeding: for, this Venereal taint is either in the mass of blood, or out of the blood: if the blood be infected and vitiated thereby, promiscuous evacuation does not purify, only abates the quantity, and the malign venom remains equally proportionable to the remainder, and as prevalent; so that this is no depurating remedy: but I shall wave further illustration hereof, because else where I have been large, 
Tract. of the Scurvy 4th. edition p. 177.  opposing Dr. Willis upon this point, though in another Disease; that Author asserting phlebotomy to be the greatest depurative antiscorbutic remedy. And if the contaminating virulency be not yet communicated to the blood, but remains in other parts, to what purpose then is phlebotomy, since that evacuation carries out nothing of the malign matter lodged in those parts: So that in either Case it does appear to common reason, that the Venereal Lues per se, and in sua natura, abstractly considered, does not indicate bleeding.  
As for complicated affects, and peculiar adjunct Cases supervening the Pox, and bringing with them an additional denomination of a Disease as Pleurisy, Angina, etc. If they challenge phlebotomy, it is performed upon their particular score, and not for this Lues, which in itself does not require bleeding; but by reason of some other circumstances attending.  
And whereas some urge the necessity of Phlebotomy, because antivenereal remedies are hot and dry, therefore the constitution is to be cooled, that those Medicaments may more safely be used; I think this hath not the force of a good argument: for in the highest and most intense Favours, diaphoretic and hot Medicines are most safely used and with best success, which I have proved else where against Juleping, 
Tract. of the Scurvy 4th. edition pag. 197, 198. etc.  that common irrational, and fatal practice, yet continued amongst the famed Professors of this Age. If hot Medicines than be not injurious in the greatest Fevers, we shall not need to fear them in this Disease; therefore phlebotomy may be laid aside upon that account also, and hot Medicines may be administered without bleeding, as safely as with it. But in case there be a repletion or over-charge of blood, the Vessels turgid or extended, this carries the best face of an indication to countenance phlebotomy; other Cases condemn it as needless or noxious.  
Whereas I said in pag. 106. that Sennertus waved the diaeteticks belonging to this Cure; I then concluded so, because I found them not in their right place, according to other Authors in this Disease, and his Custom in others.   

CHAP. XII.  
The Italian Practice or Methods of Cure for the Pox.  
THis Disease discovering itself more eminently in Italy, and raging first there with great fury at the Siege of Naples; put the Italian Physicians upon the first inquiry into the nature of this calamitous Pest.  
Sebast. Aquilanus I find to be one of the ancientest that wrote upon this Disease, and wanting the advantage of Leaders in these Cures, and having no footsteps to trace for the practice, he consults the Ancients: and supposing this Disease to be, or come very near the Elephantiasis, 
Sebast. Aquilan. Praxis.  institutes the Cure of this Lues parallel with that, according to the rules of Galen. his digestive for preparing the peccant humour, and to make it fit for evacuation (aiming at gross phlegm and melancholy) was composed of these ingredients.  
R. borag. bugloss. fumitory. asparag. lupul. scolopend pimpinel. lavendul. f. decoctio. 
Decoct. digest.  This sweetened with Sugar was to be taken for seven days; five Ounces every Morning: and he tells us that some added mirabolan● to this decoction; and some put in sena without mirabolans. Another digestive he sets down which is this.  
R. syrup. de fumoterr. mellis rosat. ana. ℥ j aquar. lupulor. bugloss endiviae ana ℥ j misce.; 
Potio digest.  after the digestive he appoints this solutive.  
R. mirabolanor. indor. chebulor. hermodact. anaʒj. flor. borag. bugloss. ana M. ss. bulliant in septem unciis aquae lupulor, vel si aliqua affuerit febricula, endiviae & cichor. & facta condecenti decoctione Recipe agarici elect. ʒj. salis gem. ℈ j & infundantur condecenti tempore in ℥ ij. praedictae decoctionis. Praeterea fiat expressio, cui addatur diacatoliconis ʒiiij. diafiniconisʒiij. mellis rosat. colat. ʒj. misceantur simul cum praedicta decoctione. I give you the Authors own words, therefore let not me be blamed in the transcription. But how this is to be used, is not set down, and it is no great matter, for I think many will not practise after him. And he admits of Confec. hamech. and some other that purge phlegm and black choler. For the Pustuls and defaedations of the skin, he appoints this unguent.  
Accipiantur saponis albi & minuti & in parva folia redacti ℥ iij. multoties loti in succo endiviae & plantag. 
Vunguentum.  deinde bulliant in succo lapatii acuti usque ad levem spissitudinem. Praeterea Recipe masticis, thuris ana ʒiij. aromatici, sulf. Vivi, nitri anaʒj unguent. Communis ad scabiem ℥ vj. misce. And this ointment was to be used one day, and a wash another day; which was made of mallows excorticated Barley, and bitter Lupins. But besides these Medicines he had a great esteem for Galens Pills quas licet ipse mirabiles appellet: ego mirabiliores inveni (says Aquilan.) & sunt.  
Recip. mirabolanor. Chebulor. indor, 
Pilulae mirabiles Galeni.  corticum cucumeris asinin. Vel loco ejus elaterii, gingib. coloquint. salis nitri, hermodact. hieraepier. satirionis ana part. equal. serapini ad duplum unius praedictor. & non omnium. Pistentur pistanda subtiliter, & redigantur in formam, aut massam pro pilulis cum aqua endiviae & aliquantulo mellis ros. & fiant pilulae ad modum ciceris. Of these Pills he exhibited three, sometimes two, and sometimes but one. For mitigation and allay of pains he used rarifying Oils, as of Chamomil and Dill; but Cassia fistula outwardly applied, he commends as the chief for that purpose. But those which desire a hasty Cure (says he) use this Ointment for five days, being covered warm in bed that they may sweat.  
R. resin. pini, 
Vnguentum.  thuris, masticis, tartar. albi, litargirii auri, argent. vivi, olei laurin. vulpin. olei abjetis, cuscutae, succi pomor. arantior. ana ℥ ij. axung. porcin. colat. ℥ vj. rediganter in formam unguent. But he cautions those who are of a weak constitution, to forbear this unction; but for others (he says) cum praedictis pilulis & bona diaeta, it will avail much.  
And this is the chief of this Author's Practice for this Lues: I must confess this was but an odd kind of method, and as strange Medicines; but he being one of the first practisers upon this Disease and had no guide, you must excuse him. As for the specificks made use of now in our times, he mentions not in the least; I suppose they were not talked of in those days, nor come into use.  
Gasper Torrel also being one of the primitive Italian Practisers, 
Gaspar. Torrell. regimen curate.  and a more exact Writer than the former; we shall take a view of his Medicines appointed for this Disease. After phlebotomy was performed, if humours were adust he gave syrup of fumitory mixed with endive and scabiose water, for a digestive, or this syrup following.  
R. succour. endiviaes, lactucae, boraginis, 
Syrup. digest.  bugloss. fumitory. & lupulor. depuratorrum ana ℥ iiij. aq. emulsionis sem. Communium, flor. & sem. portulacae lib. ij. misceatur illa emulsio cum succis praedictis, & bulliant in eyes violae, rosae, epithimum & pruna damascena quantum sufficit & coletur, & in colatura ponantur Zucchari lib. ij. & syrupizetur & acetosetur. (the Authors own words) After this, digestion being made, he proceeds to evacuation, which was performed with Electuar. succ. rosar. or with diaprunes or diasena mixed with scabios. or fumitory water, 
Potiones purgant.  or their juice: he also commends Pil. de fumoterrae, and the lapid. lazuli. But if the peccant matter be a salt phlegm, than he appoints this digestive.  
R. rad. apii, faenicul, petrosel. polipod, endiviae & bugloss. ana ℥ ij. camaedrios, calamenti ana M. 1. decoquantur in sufficienti quantitate aquar. fumoter. lupul. & scabios. ad Consump. medietat. & in colatur. Ponantur succi fumiterr. scabios. lapacii acut. depurat, ana ℥ iiij. & fiat syr. acetosus cum Zuccharo. The matter being digested, was to be evacuated by diaphaenicon and diacatholicon in scabios and fumitory Waters. Other digestives for this purpose he sets down which I pass by; but I must not omit a syrup which he magnifies at a high rate: Syrupus mirabilis & expertus cum quo (says the Author) innumerabiles non solum curavi, verum etiam preservavi ab omnibus defaedationibus cutaneis & doloribus panniculorum, lacertorum & nervorum.  

Syrup Mirabilis  R. succi bugloss. lib. ij. succi endiviae & lupulor. borag. faenicul. & apii ana ℥ iiij. depuratis succis infundantur in cis senae ℥ ss. polipod. ʒij. sem. anisiʒij. turbit. ʒj. Cinnamomʒss. & stint. ibi per diem. Deinde bulliant ad consumptionem medietatis. This was his wonderful Syrup, which I fear will not do wonders now. But when the matter was melancholy, and adust, than he appoints this digestive.  

Syrupus digest.  R. rad. borag. bugloss. polipod, court. rad. cappar. median. court. tamarisci ana ℥ ij. cus●utae, camaedrios, camepitheos, scabios. ana M. 1. follicul. senae, epithimi, rosar. violar. ana ℥ ss. succi & cum Zucchar, f. syrupus. The matter being digested with this; was afterwards to be evacuated with diacatholicon and diasena, or with Pills de fumiterr. or de lapide lazuli, or pillul. Indae, or Electuar. Indum.  
For resolution, evaporation, and exsiccation of the matter which nature hath protruded and brought to the circumference or extern parts of the body, he appoints baths and unguents. And here he commends balneum aq. maris, 
Balnea.  baln. sulphureum, aut aluminosum. Also artificial Baths ex decoctione rad. Cucumeris asinin. folior. oleandris, lapacii acut. celedon. lupinor. scabios. & decoctio jusquiami est mirabilis.  
For a dry scabby pudendagra, this Ointment he appoints. 
Unguent.  R. ol. ros. butyr. ana ℥ j succi fumiterr. plantag. ebuli vel sambuci ana ℥ ss. fac. aliquantulum bullire, dein add terebenth. lot. & parum sulph. vivi.  
But if the matter of these eruptions be hot and sharp, than this Ointment is to be used. 
Unguent.  R. ol. violate. butyr. lot. ana ℥ j argent. vin. extinct. ʒj. succi plantag. ℥ iij. litargir. alb. ʒj. misce. But our Author was mistaken here, for these ingredients will not come into the form of an unguent: he never saw this Medicine made, and perhaps never used it, but thinks it a good contrivance to commend to the World at a venture, (as Authors use to do.) And if I would be critical, and undertake to note all the absurdities, incongruities, and strange designment of Medicines as I pass along, it would prove a long piece of work, to set it forth clearly as it ought; else my exceptions and dislikes will be looked upon as carping and detracting: but at present you must expect only a bare narrative of their practice, and a brief account.  
For a crusty Ulcer arising from salt phlegm he appoints this unguent. R. calcis multoties lot. exsiccat. & pulverisat subtle. ℥ iij. succi siclae aut caulis q. s. incorporentur, deinde supermitte ol. ros. liquefact. cum modica cera & f. unguentum.  
For mitigation of pains in a hot cause, he commends these anodynes: an embrocation of warm milk: also ol. violate. rosat. vel nenuphar. mixed. cum pingued. porci recent. vitel. ovi & album. cum pauco sale. Also he commends this unguent for the same purpose: 
Unguent anodyn.  R. pingued. pulli & anatis recentium, butyri recent, adipis porci recent. cerae alb. ana ℥ j ol. camomile. aneth. amygdal. dull. ana ℥ ss. mucilag. altheae, sem. lini & fenigr. ana ℥ ij. misce & f. unguent. Some (he says) do apply Sheep's Lungs warm to the parts pained; or a Hen, Pigeon, or Dog's Whelp, cut down the middle and laid warm to the place. And after the pain is removed he adviseth the part to be bathed with Alum Water.  
For the Cure of virulent Ulcers (he saith) it is to be effected; by prosecuting these four intentions: the first is purgation or cleansing the body; the second is a diaetetick regimen; the third is exsiccation of the virulent matter; the fourth is incarnation and consolidation. The two first we have spoken of: to answer the third, he proposeth Wine made stiptic ex decoctione aluminis, court. thuris, nuc. cupressi, cyperi, sabinae, To wash the Ulcer: but this Medicine following he commends above all the rest, and says it is mirabiliter exsiccans.  

Unguent mirabiliter exsiccans.  R. litharg. aur. vel argent. valde pulverisat. cum aceto & ol. rosat. vicissim imbibatur. scil. una vice cum aceto & alia cum oleo; & hoc toties fiat donec albescat; deinde sumantur antimon. aeris ust. ballast. rad. celidon. gallar. sang. dracon. aluminis, climiaes argent. ana sextam partem ejus quod sumptum est de litargirio albificato, & omnia incorporentur diu cum pistillo, postquam fuerint bene praeparata. I give it you exactly from the Copy, therefore lay no faults upon my score.  
For an incarnative Medicine he gives you this. 
Pulvis incarnate.  R. thurisʒij. sang. dracon. ℥ ss. calcis vivae ℥ vj. misce. f. pull. subtilis. He sets not down the manner how it should be used. But I cannot suppose otherwise than that it should be strawed upon the Ulcer. And then it will make notable work.  
But if the Ulcer be sordid and very foul, than he appoints abstersive Medicines to be used; whereof this is one. 
Unguent ad ulcera sordida.  R. galban. ammoniac. resin. Terebinth. picis naval. sevi. vaccin. ol. antiq. & cerae ana part. equal. & dissolvantur gummae in aceto, deinde omnia liquefiant ad ignem, & conficiatur unguentum. For this purpose also he approves of unguent apostolor. and aegyptiac.  
For putrid Ulcers in this Disease, he appoints this: 
Unguent ad ulcera putrida.  R. Cerusae lot. aceti ana ℥ j plumbi ust ℥ iiij. litargir. ℥ ij. myrrhae ℥ j mellis rosat. ℥ ij. ol. ros. ℥ v. vitell. ovor. numero sex. cerae q. s. misce f. unguent. Many more Medicines he hath set down to answer his intentions of Cure, but I have chose only one example for each, that you may guests by that what the rest are. One thing more of his I cannot omit and that is a notable piece of skill for an Ulcer in the Privities, which I shall not undertake to translate; but his own language will best become the invention. Infectus & ulceratus in virga, quanto citius poterit, faciat sibi sugi locum ul●eratum ab aliqua vili persona, exeterius semper exprimendo; aut parum per scarificetur, aut desuper apponatur parum de sapone molli cum calce, aut gallus sive columbus in culo deplumatus & excoriatus, sic vivus loco ulcerato saepius apponatur. Which being done, the Patient was to take a dram of old Treacle in four Ounces of Sorrel Water, hot; and after six hours the Ulcer must be anointed with theriac. antiq. and in radice virgae (says our Author) a repercussive of bowl armeniac was to be laid on. The Morning following he appointed this potion. R. theriacae de citro, limoniatae, smaragdorum, ana ℈ ij. aquar. buglossi acetoes. & sublimationis rorismarini. ana ℥ j misce. And this potion was to be continued for seven days. And this was part of the practice of Gasp. Torrellus, no less a man than Physician to his Holiness Pope Alexander the Sixth. I refer the Reader to his own judgement, upon the matter delivered: and my observation from thence is what may plainly be noted in our times also, that mundus vult decipi: I perceive that the best Physicians do not always get the best preferments: that it is good fortune and great Friends, not excelling abilities in this faculty, that placeth them in the Courts of Emperors, Kings, and Princes; and great men are cheated in their opinion and choice of Physicians, as soon as the inferior people. And now I pass on to show you the Practice of another Italian Physician of great repute, that came after Torrell.  

Anton. Musae Brassavol. praxis ad morb. gall.  Musa Brassavolus gins his Cure of the Venereal Lues thus: First he gives this Clyster. R. maluae; violar. altheae, mercurial. ana M. 1. coq. in aq. s. a. recip. hujus decoct. lib. 1. ol. violac. ℥ iiij. Cassiae extr. ℥ j salis come. ʒij. misce. After this Clyster phlebotomy came in, if the Patient was adjudged sanguine and plethoric; and then a pound of blood was let out, if strength would bear that exhaustion. Then this potion was given syr. capill. ven. endiviae ana ℥ j infus. senae ℥ iiij. misce. But if the Patient was of a choleric temper, than the potion was syrup. of violets, endive, and the infusion of sena: but if of a phlegmatic temper; then sir. of Hyssop, and Maiden hair, was added to the infusion: but if of a melancholy temperament; then sir. of epithimum and fumitory was added; but the infusion of sena was never to be omitted: because sena unum ex his est, quae supra alia omnia affectui gallico adversari videtur, says our Author: but believe him that will.  
After these lenitive preparing potions were taken nine or ten times; then he gave stronger purgatives: of pill. cocheaes, aureae and de lapide lazuli; with other purgative Medicines, as likely as those. After this course of Medicines, he puts the question whether the Patient be sound: si hic videatur sanitati restitutus, bene illi erit; hoc autem videbitur per unius mensis, vel duorum spatium: if after a month or two the Patient had such great fortune to be well; then only he was delivered up to Pillulae Alexandri ut frequenter expurgetur. But if he were not yet Cured; then a long purging apozem was appointed of above twenty ingredients boiled in Fumiterry Water; and six Ounces of this was to be taken for twenty days together: (this course of Physic would scare one as bad as the Pox) after this he queries if the Patient be Cured; if so, nihil aliud agendum superest. But if otherwise, than he was turned over to the decoction of lignum Indicum. And our Author says he was the first that practised with this decoction at Ferrara (a noted City in Italy) in the year 1525. at which time the Physicians of the place derided him for it. This decoction was to be taken for 27. or 30. days. And this was made either with Wine or with Water. From the first day to the ninth, the Patient's diet was lessened every day. And then he must be contented with three Ounces of Bread at Dinner, and two at Supper, with an Ounce of Coriander Comfits or as much raisins at Dinner, and half an Ounce at Supper. And for nine days he was to continue this 〈…〉 diet. After which he was to enlarge every day until he came to his accustomed quantity of eating. And every other day during the decoction, a Clyster was given; supposing the decoction to be simple: but sometimes this decoction was compounded, and this addition put to it. R. senae ℥ iiij. polipod. ℥ jss. flor. borag. bugloss. rosar. violar. ana ℥ j gingib. cinnam. anaʒj. infund. in praedic. decoc. Which was then made of Water. But in the year 1535. when Brassavolus returned from Rome he began to make the decoction with Wine, and this too was either simple, or compound as the former.  
Other ways there were invented at that time says our Author, for the Cure of this Disease; as by suffumigation, and by Unction. The first was performed thus: 
Modus curandi per suffumigia.  The Patient was stripped naked, and placed upon a stool, a hole being made in the seat thereof: under which the fume was put; and over the Patiented a covering was put which reached to the ground, to keep in the fume and apply all over to the Patient's body. But his head was to be out of the covering, (for fear of suffocation) and was wrapped close about the neck. The ingredients for the suffuming was this. R. cinnab. ℥ ijss. thuris, styracis ana ℥ j f pull. The Patients remained in this fume until sweat began to come, and then they were put to Bed, well covered to sweat there for an hour; after that  were taken of by degrees, the Patients wiped with warm linen, and after a while they eat and drank for refreshment. And this was performed thus every day for eight or ten days together.  
And our Author says, that some Physicians did suffumigate their Patients, with their heads under the covering (which must needs be very dangerous) and he saw one thus used, that fell down dead. But this way of Cure at the best contrivance, is bad enough: and this Author confesseth that fewer were Cured by this means, than by other remedies; and this did often miss in the desired effect. And because our Author had a good mind to prosecute this way of Cure, he excogitated a suffumigation of wholesomer and not dangerous ingredients; which was this:  
R. hyssop. salviae ivae, rorismarin, lauri, ros. rub. puleg. calamint. cartham. card. bened. amaraci, artemisiae, rutae, poliis montan. millefol. calend. ana M. 1. anisor. amidis, faenicul. gingib. selidis, amomi, carvi, cumini anaʒij. misce f. pull, and this was to be strewed upon the Coals, and put under the stool as before. And this (says he) did provoke sweat and mitigate the Disease; but not wholly take it away.  
Having noted the chief things our Author mentions upon this way of Cure by suffumigation. I come now to relate something of his Cure by Unction, and because Mercurial Cerecloths and Emplasters are affine, or of the same nature with the unguent, we must give you some account of them also, as this Author practised in those days. 
Cerat. mercurial.  The Cere-cloth was this. R. pingued. suis ℥ xij. argent. vivi ℥ viij. styracis, Theriac. an ℥ j misce & cum cera & resina pini f. ceratum. And this was spread upon linen, and laid on, from the knees downward so to continue for the space of 8. or 9 days. And sometimes the Cere-cloath was applied to all the joints, both of Legs and Arms, and were changed every three days, (three times) and a new one were laid on. And every Morning he gave ℈ j Pil. Alexandri, to carry the Flux of humours downward, but our Author says these were an uncertain way of Cure; and for one that recovered, ten failed under this means, and were deceived in their expectation. Wherefore he deserted this way.  

Curandi modus per unctionem.  But he rather approves of the V; nction, for which purpose this was much in use then: R. axung. suill. neque recent. neque antiq. lib. j butyri recent. ℥ iij. Theriacae quae sit in decimo anno ℥ jss. mitridati ℥ j argent. vivi ℥ ijss. cinnab. ℥ ss. lythargir. aur. salis come. ana ℥ j masticles colophon. ana ℥ v. ol. laurin. q. s. misce f. unguent. Several other mercurial Ointments there were, but this is as good as any of the rest; and this shall suffice at present. About the Unction practisers did then differ: some anointed from the knee downward, and from the elbow downward; and that twice a day: but Brassavolus anointed but once a day, in the Mornings; from the hip downwards, and from the shoulders to the fingers ends, rubbing it in before the fire: and this he did for nine days together every Morning; and then also he gave Pil. Alexand. ʒj. every day during the use of the unguent; which sometimes was continued to the tenth or twelfth day, if good signs did not appear before. After the Ointment used, they were put to bed, covered warm to procure sweat; and after three hours they risen and eat. When their mouths began to be sore, they used this gargarism: R. hoard. fol. plantag. myrtill. aq. font. q. s. f. decoctio; 
Gargarismus.  to this was added mel. rosar. and sometimes a little Alum: but if they did not salivate well and freely, than this they gargled with. R. caricar pussular. sebeslen. an● ℥ ss. bulliant in aq. postea add mell. rosat. f. gargar.  
The day after the last Unction (our Author says) he caused them to be washed, their Arms and Legs in white Wine, wherein Roses had boiled; and the day after that, they went into a Bath, made thus:  
R. salviae, 
Balneum.  menthae, rosmar. ros. rub. flor. Chamomelli staecadoes, melilot. fol. lauri, rutae puleg. Calament. hyssop. art mis. absinth. ivae. ana M. iij. misce bulliant in sufficienti quant. aq. This being put into a convenient tub; they went in and bathed to cleanse the skin from the Unction. And I must acquaint you also, that during the time of Unction this lineament was used to defend the heart. R. ol. de citrangulis ℥ iij. boli armen. sigillat. anaʒj. Theriacae ℥ ss. misce. With which the region of the heart was anointed; and after this a Cordial Epithema was applied, of these ingredients.  
R. aq. rosar. citrangulor. 
Epithema.  melissae ana ℥ iij. galliae moschat. court. citrior. ana ℥ ss. caryophill. cinnam. anaʒij. aceti ℥ j vini cretici ℥ ij. musci, ambracani ana gr. ij. croci gr. vi. misce. A Cloth way dipped in this, and applied to the region of the heart.  
Before Dinner and Supper, he gave his Patients the quantity of a Hazel Nut of this Cordial Electuary. 
Electuar. Cardias.  R. Zuccari rosat. boraginat. ana ℥ ij. laetificant. Almansor. diamusci dull. ana ℥ jss. theriacae mag. ʒj. boli armen. terrae sigillat. ana ℈ j misce & cum syr. de court. citri f. Electuar.  
And if Patients be very weak, he adviseth to give this following restaurative. R. pulpae capon. vel phasianor. ℥ vj. nucleor. pineor. pistach. amygdal. dull. ana ℥ iij. cinnam. gingib. garyophil. anaʒj. musci gr. ij. ambracani gr. iij. misce cum Zucchar. q. s. & fiant morselli. Each weighing half an Ounce; one of which was to be taken every Morning before Dinner, and also one before Supper.  
And now I have given you the heads and chief matter of Musa Brassavolus his practice in the Cure of this Disease. I might here have showed you the Medicines and methods of other Italians, as Montanus, Fallopius, and others; but I pass on to the practice of other Countries.   

CHAP. XIII.  
The Germane Practice for Curing the Pox.  
ULrichus de Hutten being the first amongst the Germans that writ upon this Disease, we shall take an account from him of their manner of Cure, and what was most considerable to be noted there in his time. 
Germaniae praxis ad Luem Veneream.  When this Lues came into Germany, the Physicians were very much puzzled and knew not well what to do; the Surgeons also pressed in to give what assistance they could: and at first they applied caustics to the Scabs; but afterwards bethought of Unguents; but they which did not admix argent. Viu. therewith, the effect was inconsiderable. The ingredients of which their Unguents were made were these.  
Myrrah, mastiche, cerussa, bacc. laur. alumen, bol. armen. cinnab. minium, coral. sal. ust. virid. aeris, scor. plumb. plumb. ust. rubigo ferrii, resin. vulgar. Terebinth. ol. laurin. rosat. Juniperin. nardin. adipe● s●ill. anserin. ursin. human. butyr. maiai. modull. cervi, sevum hircin. cervin. mel. rosat. ol, lumbricor. camp●●ora, euphorb. castor. Out of these, 
Curatio per unctionem.  several Ointments were made, according to every one's particular fancy; and with these they anointed the joints of the Arms and Legs: and some down the Spine also: others the Temples and the Navel also: and some anointed the whole body; and this Unction was performed, sometimes once, twice, thrice, or four times a day, in a hot House, where their Bed was, and they laid therein presently after to sweat; in this hot Stove they continued some twenty days, some thirty, and some longer, sweeting every day. These Unctions worked so severely upon some, that their Teeth dropped out; but at best their mouths were all very sore and raw, their gums swelled, teeth lose, and drivelling at the mouth continually, with a grievous stink, that the smell of it was enough to infect a sound body (says our Author) and this way of Cure was so terrible, that some chose rather to die than undergo it: and few that did suffer this severe course were Cured, for they relapsed again in a short time, and our Author says of himself, that he underwent this course of Unction eleven times before he was Cured. For Ulcers that did proceed from this Disease he used an Unguent, ex alumine, virid. aeris m●llis & aceto part. equal. this was a chastising Medicine indeed: but afterwards he used aq. calcis viv. which did not cause so many wry faces.  
This Author continued not long in his first way of practice, being hazardous, dolorous, and insuccessful; but hearing of a more gentle remedy brought from Hispaniola by a Spanish Officer, that also had been Cured therewith, which was guajacum; he applied himself to the use of this, and gives great commendations thereof upon the experiment. The description of this Vegetable I need not set down, being no strange thing now a days. And for the manner of its use, and the preparation thereof according to this Author, was thus.  
R. scob. lig. guajac. lib. 1. aq. come. lib. viij. diem & noctem macerant. dein. coq. in olla vitreata nova, 
Decoct. guajac.  lento calore horis sex colat. servetur ad usum. This was the first decoction: and then he put eight pound of water more to the residue and boiled it over again, for a second decoction. 
Modus exhibendi decoct.  The Patient was to take a draught of about half a Pint of the first decoction in the Morning early in Bed; and likewise at night as much in Bed; for drink at meat the second decoction served, or at any other time to satisfy thirst. And this course was continued for thirty days, in which time a purge was given once in six or seven days. And for Ulcers or Pustuls externally. Unguent. alb. Camphorat. was applied: this was very plain doing, and the chief of this Author's designments to oppose this grand malady. But after him, another Germane appears publicly and gives the World an account of his practice against this Lues. The chief whereof is as followeth.  
Joannes Benedictus a Germane Doctor, 
Joann. Bened. praxis.  seems more methodically and artificially to oppose this Disease than the former; 
Septem intentiones curatinae in morb. gall.  and in his institution for Cure, proposeth several intentions or scopes to aim at for a complete prosecution against this Disease.  

First, Per lenitionem ventris, by lubrifying and opening the belly.  
Secondly, Per minorationem materiae, by abating the morbific matter.  
Thirdly, Per digestionem, by preparing the matter (but this aught rather to have been second, if any such intention be necessary.)  
Fourthly, Per evacuationem ipsius, by evacuating and sending it forth.  
Fifthly, Per alterationem membrorum, by taking of the impressions upon the parts.  
Sixthly, Per confortationem eorundem, by fortifying and cherishing the parts.  
Seventhly, Per correctionem accidentium, by checking concomitant symptoms.   
To answer the first intention, an emollient Clyster was appointed which was this: R. fol. maluae, mercurialis, 
Clyster emollient.  fumitory. ana M. 1. violar. M. ss. f. decoct. colat. lib. sss. add ol. violate. ℥ iij. Zucchar. rub. ℥ j vitell. j ovi, salis come. ʒjss. & interdum cassiae ℥ j aut electuar. lenit. ℥ ss. f. Clyster. And this was to be taken in the Morning fasting, or else a Bolus of Sugar and Cassia mixed with half an Ounce of Electuary Lenitive, or it might be dissolved in fumitory water, and made a Potion; to be taken an hour before Dinner; but I doubt they would have no great stomach to eat so soon after their Physic.  
To prosecute the second intention, this preparation was made. R. electuar. lenitivi ℥ j Confec. hamech presertim in materia melancholica adusta; aut electuar. Indi major. ℥ jss. Zucchar. fini q. s. f. bolus: 
Bolus.  or else this was dissolved in decoction, flor. & fruct. q. s. with a dram of sena and epithymum added, to be taken in the Morning: but those who desired Pills rather, were appointed their Doses of Pil. de fumoter. & faeticiar. ana ℥ j this was made up into five Pills with mel. rosat. to be taken after Supper. This was a lusty dose to sleep upon, and they had wide throats in that Country, else those Pills would not go down; after this they caused the Haemorrhoids to bleed, & erit presentissimum remedium huic dispositioni & similibus, says our Author.  

Potio digestiva.  To satisfy the third intention. R. syr. de fumoterr. buglossi simp. geneneliabin (which word I know not what to make of) cum Zuccharo ana ℥ j aq. endiviaes, lupulor. cichor. ana ℥ j f. potio. to be taken for five days together, or longer until digestion did appear in the Urine. And not only inward digestives (says our Author) but outward digestives also are necessary, as Unguents, Embrocations, and Emplasters; his Unguent was this. R. butyr. ℥ iij. axung. porcin. inter recent. & antiquam lib. 1. theriacae bonae ℥ jss. mithridati ℥ j argent. viv. ℥ ijss. litarg. aur. salis come. ana ℥ j misce f. unguent; 
Remedium secretissimum & perfectissimum Joan. Benedict.  incorporating with it as much fumitory and Scabios Water as it would receive (which would be little or none) and this is the most secret and most exact Medicine for outward application in this Disease (says my Copy) and here Mercury is extolled to the Skies, being used in Unguent, 
Mercurii Laus.  and if at any time ill effects happen up 〈◊〉 Mercurial Unction: hoc fit errore empyricorum, says this Author. But how this Unguent can properly be called a digestive; and whether the effect of this which must be salivation, will not disturb his methodical course and put him by the stages he hath prefixed, may very justly be questioned; but I must not comment nor argue the point now. And for people of great quality and the richer sort, that would not endure the Unction; he gave them syr. de pomis Comp. Mesues, 
Syrupus mirabilis.  but made after his own manner or way; with which he perfected the whole Cure, & non vidi rem mirabiliorem says the Author; and truly had I been there to have seen such Cures wrought with that poor Medicine, I should be wrapped up in admiration too; but factum meo modo (the Author's words) was that which gave the efficacy to work these great effects; which manner of preparation he tells us not, but you must imagine it was magical.  
To perform the fourth intention, his Medicines are of two sorts; for the poor, and for the rich; the Poor Medicines we shall pass by; that for people of ability is this: R. flor. borag. bugloss. violar. epithymiana ℈ ss. mirabolanor. citrin. & nigror. senae anaʒj. polipod. quercinʒss. bulliant in aq. bugloss. & scabios. ana q s f. decoctio s. a. de qua recipe ℥ iij. infund. rheubarb elect. ʒj. spicae gr. iij agarici trochiscat. ℈ ij. stint per octo horas in infusione, tandem fiat expressio, cui addantur, Electuar. de Cassiaʒuj. electuar. Indi confec. hamech anaʒjss. misce f. potio; to be taken in the Morning early (just such brave Medicines as these we have recorded upon the Files in Apothecaries Shops) after the Medicine had operated, 
Difficile est satyram non scribere.  a lenitive of four Ounces of Chicken broth sweetened with Sugar, was to be taken, or as much Barley Water, with an Ounce of Sugar in it, to wash down the relics of the Medicine: but I doubt this would not quicken the Patient's Stomach for Dinner.  
To effect the fifth intention, bathing was appointed with this decoction. R. fumiterr. lapat. acut. bismal. Camomile. melilot. ros. violar. q. s. coq. in aq. come. f. balneum. When they began to sweat, this Medicine was to be taken. R. rad. diptanis, beton. ana ℥ j altheae enulae, scabios. fumitory. lupulor. lapat. ana lib. ss. torment. j incidantur minutim, & ponantur in lib. iiij. vini malvatici ad remolliendum, per diem & noctem unam; postea adatur thiriacae veteris xii. aut xi. annor. ℥ jss. ponatur ad alimbic. & destilletur aqua (I writ after my Copy) and this Medicine he thus extols. Obtinet in hoc morbo principatum inter intrinsecus juvantia. Of this three Ounces must be given at a time in two Ounces of Balm Water.  
To satisfy the sixth intention, our Author proposeth that himself practised; and recommends laetificans Gal. electuar. Gentilis, with this Elogium; clarificant mirabiliter spiritus & sanguinem; & restaurant confortando omnia nutritiva membra. And these superexcellent Medicaments were to be taken thus. R. de altero eorum ℥ j Zucchar. violate. buglossat. ana ℥ jss. sem. citri ℥ ss. smaragd. ℈ j & cum syr. de pomis f. mixtura. Of this the Patient is to drink a spoonful four hours before Dinner, and after it a little while Wine mixed with Balm or Rose Water. for this intention also were prepared and used sacculi & epithemata cordialia; and because sometimes their mouths were Ulcerated and tender, a Pasta regalis was prepared for them after this manner. R. carn. capon. been coct. ℥ vi. carn. perdicum coct. ℥ iij. passular. fisticor. amygdal. mundat. pinear. collect. in aq. tepid. ana ℥ ij. pull. diatrag. acanth. frig. cinnam. elect. anaʒij. Zucchar. finissimi in aq. flor. violar. q. s. f. pasta. 
Pasta regalis.  Of this our Author appoints cochlear unum to be taken an hour before Dinner. Excellent contrivances!  
The seventh and last intention consist of many parts, and applies variously to several purposes: first to allay and mitigate pains, a frequent attendant upon this Disease; for which this Electuary invented by Dom. de Raggosa, is commended as an approved remedy: 
Electuar. ad sedand. dolorem.  R. Juniperi, piper. long. anisi ana ℈ j ambrae ℈ ss. pulp. cassiae ℥ ij. turbith, euphorb. anaʒiij. hermodact. ℥ j Zucchar. rosat. ℥ jss. cinnam. ʒj. coagul. haediʒjss. misce in forma electuarii. And this to assuage pains is mirabiliter rabiliter valens; the dose a dram or two; then our Author comments upon every ingredient of the Medicine, showing their propriety and fitness for this purpose; so learnedly, that you would never forget him, if you understand the intrigue and sophistry of Physic. After this you are to use an Unguent; for a hot cause this: 
Unguent anodyn.  R. pingued. pulli & anatis, butyri, adipis porci recent. cerae alb. ana ℥ ss. ol. camomile. aneth. amygdal. dull. ana ℥ ss. mucil●g. altheae & sem. lini & faenigr. ana ℥ ij. misce f. unguent. with which the parts pained are to be anointed: but if a cold cause; then this: 
Aliud.  R. succi rad. urticae, ebuli, herb. gatia dei ana lib. ss. axung. cattis, ursae, vulpis aut porcin. ℥ seven. cerae ℥ iiij. misce f. unguent.  
For Pustuls this Unguent was used. 
Pro Pustulis.  R. resinae mundae. ℥ iij. cerussaeʒuj. alumin. ust. argent. viv. extinct. litargir. anaʒij. thuris alb. ℥ j cum ol. come. f. unguent.  

Aqua ad fistulas & ulcera maligna.  For Fistula's and malign Ulcers this. R. succ. salviae ℥ ss. succ. celidon. ℥ j succ. assodillor, ℥ ij. succi agrimon: ℥ iij. sublimat. ʒij. salis armoniac. & common. anaʒiij. flor. aeris, alumin. roch. ana ʒjss. aq. vitaeʒx. bulliant simul ad consump. medietat. succour. than it is fit for use. Which Water says our Author. Omnem fistulam interficit.  
For hard nodes or gums caused by the Pox, appearing on the Forehaed, Shins, Arms, or other parts; this Unguent was thought most proper. R. mucilag. sem. lini, altheae anaʒij. ol. de spica, amygdalar, camomile. ana ℥ ss. butyri ℥ j pingued. ursi. ℥ ss. gum. arab. tragacanth. anaʒj. cum cera f. unguent. this is emollient and resolutive. And thus much is sufficient to let you understand the several ways and means used against this Disease, by eminent Physicians in Germany.   

CHAP. XIV.  
The Spanish Practice, and Methods of Cure for the Pox.  
TO give you the best account of the several Modes and Medicines practised in Spain for this Disease; I consulted Joannes Almenar, 
Joan. Almenar.  and Aloysius Lobera, two Spanish Doctors: but upon examining the first, I found him to tread in the steps of Benedictus the foregoing Author; and his Treatise to contain little else, but what you have in the other. 
Aloysius Lobera.  As for Lobera he is very short in his writings, which affords little of variety from what you have had: therefore I shall pass him by too, and come to Mercatus the most copious and best Author of that Nation; and were he not planted upon galenic Principles, and his judgement overruled by that Doctrine (which of necessity runs him into many errors) he had been an excellent guide in practice: but take him as he is, he excels many; and a wary man that can pick and choose, may make some good use of him.  
Ludovicus Mercatus, 
Ludovic. Mercatus.  chief Physician to two Kings of Spain, and of the greatest esteem for ability in his Country; institutes the Cure of this Lues after this manner: first he bleeds; then he prepares the body for purgation: this preparation was of two sorts; the one to respect the temperament of the body, whether Choleric, Phlegmatic or Melancholic: the other to aim at the Venereal Contagion, lodged in the predominant humour (this seems a very plausible designment) and to prosecute this projection, he adviseth to mix alexipharmacums with the other preparatives appointed for the humour denominating the constitution: and therefore he adds theriacae modicum vel mithridati, to the several preparative syrups, and potions; and sometimes he gives the Patient overnight, theriacae vel mithrid. ʒss. dissolved in aq. lig. guajac. Chinae, Spartae, Juniperi aut rad. carlin. and next Morning the other preparative Potion; which course was to be continued until the humour was made gentle and obedient, the body fluid and fit for purgation.  
Bilious humours he prepares with such as refrigerate and humects; and appoints for this purpose, 
Bilem preparantia.  syr. borag. cichor. de soncho, rosat. aq. hoard. and such like.  
Phlegmatic. bodies he prepares with mel rosat. 
Pituitam prepar.  oximel simp. de 5. radicibus cum vel sine aceto; and if the Head be affected, syr. de staechad; if the Stomach, syr. de mentha, or the absinth. and these to be mixed with the Decoctions, anisi, faenic. dauci, spartae, guajac. chamaepyt. scored. and such like.  
Melancholy temperaments, 
Melanchol. prepar.  that being the most difficult humour, requires the longest preparation, which is to be performed (says our Author) with syr. borag. lupulor. cappar. fumar. capill. Ven. and the decoctions of such like.  
After preparation comes in purgation; and this to be stronger or weaker, as the body shall best require; and also to be adapted to the particular temperament.  
For Choloric bodies, and such as are more tender and weak, he appoints the infusion of Rheubarb, with Syrup of the same: but for robust and strong bodies, he order Electuar. 
Bilem purge.  de succo rosar. ʒiij. vel iiij cum pulp. cassiae fistulae in bolis, or dissolved in a proper decoction: and for change, Pil. agregat. or Pil. ex aloe, rhubarb. & agar.  

Pituitam purge.  For bodies that abound with Phlegm, he adviseth to Syr. rosar. cum agar. with ʒuj. of Catholicon. or Electuar. diacarthami; or diaphaenicon more efficacious than that: also Electuar. indum majus & minus: and for change, Pil. cochiae, saetidae, Pil. Arabicae, or de agarico.  
To purge Melancholy being contumacious, requireds more vehement Medicines, si vires tulerint: if otherwise, than you are to repeat the more often with the same Medicines, but in lesser quantity. (I writ after my Author in Galenic language, not my own sense or phrase) and first here you are to give Syr. ex insus. rosar. persicar. & fol. senae consect. 
Mclancholiam purge.  Afterwards you may ascend to Consect. hamech; and some give Medicines ex ellebor. vel lapid. lazuli.  
After purgation is finished, he comes to treat of the grand remedies peculiar for this Disease; as Sweeting, Unction, and Suffumigation.  
Before Sweeting Phlehotomy was to precede twice or thrice; and such bodies as could not allow of bleeding twice, was judged not fit for sweeting. After Phlebotomy purgation was performed once or twice; then followed sweeting: 
Curatio per sudationem.  if the person was weak not well able to bear the operation, it was performed but every third day, and the intermitting days was appointed for refection by restauratives and Cordials: but if humours were gross and viscous, and thereby unfit for transpiration; then some incisive and attenuating Medicine was given overnight, as Syr. sumar. ve oximel. aut de radicibus, with a small quantity of the decoction: and next Morning the Sudorific Potion was to be taken: and if the body was unapt for sweeting, from the density of the skin, and solidity of the flesh, (says our Author) than assistance was given, by applying of Bottles filled with hot Water, or some attenuating decoction, to the soles of the Feet, Hips, or under the Arms: or else hot Tiles sprinkled with Wine laid to the same places.  
The Decoction for Sweeting was simple or compound: the simple had only respect to the Venereal Lues: the compound decoction was various pro re nata respecting complicated affects; the simple decoction was this: 
Decoct. guajac. simplex.  R. interioris lign. guajac. rasi lib. s●. aq. come. lib. xuj. coq. donec tres partes absumantur. & ante integram coctionem add liquirit. modicum, sem. citri, saenic, rad. acetoes. anaʒj. colat. servetur, and this was for the stronger and robust bodies. But for tender Bodies and Women, this Decoction more precious was appointed. R. interioris guajac. subtle. ras. lib. jss. aq. bugloss. borag. & artheticae per instillat. extract. ana lib. v. sem. senit. ℥ ss. cinnam. ʒij. madescant & calefiant leviter per horas quadraginta, & postea facta colatura usui adserva; and moreove he saith, that the ordinary Physicians vulgares Medici, did prepare the guajacin Decoction with Wine, giving it little boiling, because the Wine being of more subtle parts and penetrating, did sooner receive the virtue and strength of the guajacum.  
The compound Decoction was adapted peculiarly to special Cases; as when there was a Venereal Podagra, hermodact. & iva arthetic. were added to the Decoction: 
Decoct. comp.  if a Parlysis, than salvia, majoran. staechas, anisum & saenic. In affects of the Liver, agrimon. rad. diuretic. & cichor, hordeum & rosae. If the Spleen complained, than scolo penned. borrag. lupul. but for the Stomach, absynth, mentha, spic. nard. And if the Breast was ill affected, the was added Card. sanct. rad. quinquefoll, Jujub. prun. damascen. passull. sine granis, capill. ven. liquirit, and if the skin were affected, then sumar. went in. Other Decoctions there were in use then, of Sparta parella (so called by our Author) and China singly used; as also Decoctions of guajac. sparta apparel and China together; and sometimes to these ingredients were added Vipers.  
The Patient being in Bed was to take six or seven Ounces of some of the foresaid Decoctions, and lie to sweat for two or three hours and not longer; then to be wiped with warm , and laid in a dry place of the Bed for an hour at least before any food was given; and then the yolks of two Eggs, with Raisins, Almonds, and Biscuit was appointed; and to some a roast Chicken, or the half of it, was allowed: and to keep up the Patient's strength after sweeting, as also to impugn the Disease; this Cordial Water was administered  

Aqua Cardiac. Mirab. contrae Luem Veneream.  R. sol. salviae, menthae, majoran. rutae, hyssop. origan. summit. beton. ana M. 1. contrita omnia in vase reckoned. in loco calid. & desuper obrue aq. card. bened. & quotidie agitentur, ne acescant. post 6. aut 8. diesd abject a residentia, expressus & colatus humor servetur: rursus excipe sol. plantag. calend. meliss. verbasci, hyper. centaur. min. pimpinel. ana M. ij. his post quatridui macerationem & expressionem abjectis; rursus accipies scored. mors. diabol. faenic. petrosel. buglosel. buglos. borag. ana M. 1. angelicae parum, quibus dies totidem maceratis, expressis & abjectis▪ recipe rad. angel. dictam. tormentil. beton. Zedoar. anaʒ ss. rad. cyper. ʒiij. nucis moschat. caryophal. anaʒj. sem. saenic. citri, acetoes. card. bened. bacc. Junip. anaʒij. ras. ebor. C. Cer. lig. aloes, santal. citrin. cinnam. anaʒj. crociʒss. praedictum pulverem expresso liquore commiscebis mithridati selectissimi lib. ss. thereiac. veter. ʒss. & in alembic. vitrco projicies, & junii ardoribus sex octove dies expones, donce serveant & perfectè fermentantur, tandem fiat instillatio lento igne in duplici vase. This Cordial Water our Author says, does wonderfully eradincate the maligh relics of this Disease out of the flesh. (It had need to be a good one, for it is troublesome enough to make) to be taken a spoonful at a time, twice a day, during the use of the Sudorific Decoctions. But in case this course was not successful, than they betook themselves to the Mercurial Unction, as the only refuge; and some Physicians there were, that only used the Unction, and accounted it the most certain way of Cure.  

Curatio per hydrargyrum.  Mercury by the general consent of Physicians is that which is chief, and gives the efficacy to this way of Cure by Unction; although it is not denied by the most, but that it is endowed with malign properties, and the use thereof to be dangerous; at least not so secure a remedy, to be commanded at the Physicians pleasure; but I shall not dispute the matter here concerning the nature of Mercury, or argent. vive; our discourse now being historical, not controversal, giving you in brief the sense of this Author and his methods of Cure for this Disease, with the manner of practice most used in Spain. He reckons up the good effects procured by this Mineral; but withal gives caution that it be warily used: Inter omnia haec bona, quibus prudenter & à perito artifice praestitum abundat; adeo perniciosae est naturea, ut si indistinctè aut temerè alicui adhibeatur, sacilè gravissima mala & mortem accersat, ita, ut veteribus jure optimo inter venera habitum reperiamus, says Mercatus; 
Lib. de morb. eal. Cap. xi.  therefore this is not fit for every Empiric to practise with, as commonly they do, to the detriment and prejudice of many people.  
He adviseth that before the use of Mercurial Unction, 
Corporis praeparatio debita ante unctionem.  the body be well prepared, according to the different temperament thereof, as before delivered; as also that the purging and sudorific apozem may be premitted and continued for 15. or 20. days before: which being performed, Mercurial Unguent he appoints to be used thus: The first Morning the Feet, 
Parts in unguendae quae,  Thighs, and Arms only are to be anointed before the fire: the second day, the Spine of the back up to the Shoulders, but not the Neck or Head, nor the forepart of the Breast: and every day was to expend an Ounce of the Unguent, or at most ℥ jss. After Unction the Patient was covered up to sweat about half an hour or an hour, 
In unctio quoties adhibenda.  and this Unction might be continued 3, 4, 5, or 6. days together, as was thought requisite for each condition of body. If the salivation be copious, it is not to be suppressed, sed vires roborandae sunt, that the Patient may be able to hold out: but if otherwise, the evacuation be slow and little; the every day, or every third day, a sudorific Potion might be given, or a guajacin. Purgative, to carry of the humours raised by the Unction.  
Mercurial Unguents to perform this operation were various; juxta corporum & naturarum varietatem; but in all the argent. vive aught well to be prepared; that more safely, and in greater quantity it might he used. Our Author adviseth thus: 
Hydrarg. praep.  Hydargirum primo aequis succi salvias & aceti partibus maceretur, dei●de sublimati, momentum adjicito, diu agitando, tandem finito, ut abjecto inquinamento, sincerum relinquatur. I leave this to the consideration of Artists, whether it be a good preparation. The fat also which makes the body of the Unguents he appoints to be prepared thus: 
Axungiae praeparatio.  R. salviae, beton. staechad. origan. menthae, samsuchi, rorismar. chamemel. & lauri ana p. 1. rad. calam. aromat. baccar. laur. & Junip. ana ℥ ss. aq. vitae lib. 1. succi salviae ebuli ana lib. ss. axungiae suill. suill. recent. lib. iiij. These were to boil together to the Consumption of the juices and water, than the fat was to be strained out for use. This being premitted the Unguents were made as followeth.  

Unguent pro naturis frigidis.  R. argent. viv. praeparat. ℥ ij. axung. porcin. praep. unguent. marciat. & dialtheae ana ℥ iij. ol. mastic. de theriaca & de lauro ana ℥ j thuris & mastichis q. s. ut fiat linimentum, this is commended as most proper for cold constitutions.  

Fro calidis corporibus.  But for hot natures this: R. butyri sine sale, ol. rosar. adipis haedi lactantis lib. ss. argent. viv. praep. ℥ iij. f. unguent.  
But above all other Unguents which Mercatus could meet with and prove by trial for this purpose, he prefers this following as most excellent and secure, that Consumptive persons and Children may safely undergo the use of it. 
Unguent Mercurial. mitissimum & securissimum.  R. pingued. porci pluries aq. fumariae ablut. lib. ij. butyr. vaccin. recent. aq. vit. & fumar. ablut. ℥ ix. axung. anatis, gallinae & anseris saepius praedicta aq. lot. ana ℥ ijss. pingued. ursi, equi, hominis ana ℥ iijss. pingued. serpent. ℥ ij. pingued, taxi ℥ j dialtheae lib. ss. theriac. Andromach. ℥ iiij. ol. lavendul. ss. theriac. Andromach. ℥ iiij. ol. lavendul. ℥ ijss. ol. hypericon & laurini ana ℥ jss. Unguent. agripae, Arragon. & marciat. ana ℥ iiij. pull. masticis sandarac. & thuris anaʒvij. pull. lig. aloes, maces, cinnam. caryophil. anaʒiiij. pull. staechad. majoran. salviae anaʒvij. pull. rad. smilacis asper. ℥ jss. pull. visc. quercin. & rosmarin. anaʒvij. euphorb. praep. cum succo limon. & succ. citri & granor. ●jous, ol. violar. & amygdal. dull. ʒxi. postea addatur argent. viv. extinct. cum saliva hominis, gummi, succo limon. & ol. violate vel cum dialthea (pro pueris & hecticis corporibus) ℥ iij. pro reliquis vero ℥ vi. & fiat unguentum. This, our Author says, may be used freely as the most gentle and safest unguent for the Venereal Disease. But this is not for every body to make, not easy to procure the ingredients: you that will purchase it must bestow pains and cost about it.  
But in case this Disease be so deeply radicated and fixed in the body (says Mercatus) that neither Sudorific nor Mercurial Medicines can remove, although some mitigation and abatement may be made; yet relics ofter remain behind, either from the insufficiency of the means, or insufficient use thereof; as when Patients through weakness cannot endure long enough, or through timidity will not: in such Cases he proposeth and commends from his own experience some Medicines to clear the body from the remainders that may cause a recidivation and relapse into the former state: for which purpose he appoints this Apozem among the rest.  
R. spartae parellae, 
Apozema ad reliquias morb. gall. conterendas.  rad. Chinae, polipod. passular. rad. cichor. ana ℥ j plantag. agrimon. borag. fumar. cetrach. scolopend. scariolae, pimpinel. calend. ana M. 1. sem. frig. mai. & faenic. anaʒjss. ras. ebor. & C. Cer. anaʒj. sem. citri, Card. & torment. ana ℈ iiij. fol. sennae ℥ jss. coq. ad lib. 1. in colat. dissolve Syr. de succo acetoes. de limon. & violar. ana ℥ jss. f. apozema. Of which four Ounces was de dose once a day. But our Author did forget to set down what liquor the decoction should be made with; Wine or Water you that have a mind to make it, may take which you think best. This Apozem he commends much, ad reliquias conterendas, and that it hath took effect where argent. viv. and sudorificks could not prevail.  
To the same intent and purpose he hath designed and commends this distillation. 
Aqua stillat. pro conterendis reliquiis.  R. theriac. antiq. lib. ss. rad. elenii, caudae equin. ana ℥ iiij. ciclaminis ℥ iij. card. hened. cardiacae, salviae ana M. 1. ivae arthetic. M. jss. rad. ebuli & lilior. ana ℥ ss. pimpinel. eupator. fumar. aceto s. beton. scabios. ana p. ij. capill. ven. flor. cordial. ana p. 1. lig. guajac. & court. ejusd. macerat. per diem in lib. iiij. hydromelitis ana lib. 1. ponantur omnia in vase vitreo & destillentur; the dose of this is from ℥ iij. to ℥ iiij. And that aq. Cardiaca before mentioned, which our Author affirms mirum in modum exstirpare reliquias hujus mali, may be made use of here for the purpose in hand, which is his advice.  
And that you may not want variety of Medicines, and various forms of Medicines he commends these Pills also for eradication: 
Pilulae ad reliquias conterendas.  and they are made ex succo marrubii aut salviae, & Pul. spartae parill. & fol. sennae. And if the Patient be strong, the Powder may be admixed with succus ebuli, or ireos cum modica conserva borag. aut violar. But these will not make up into Pills; our Author's speculations in Pharmacy did deceive him; I wish it were but once so.  
For the robust and courser sort of people peritus & prudens medicus (he says) may give these. R. pull. praecipitati macerat. biduo in aquis refrigerantibus ac rursus in cardiacis ℈ j pull. electuar. tria santalor. ℥ ss. rhubarb. elect. ʒj. mithridat. oped. conser. bugloss. pull. rosar. mastycis ana ℈ ss. subigantur simul cum mucag. tragacanth. extr. in aq. rosar. f. massa. The dose is a scruple made into three Pills, but before the taking of them the Patient must drink a draught of fat broth made with Veal, Chicken, Sorrel, and Purslane.  
More Medicine this Author proposeth to prosecute this design with ad reliquias conterendas, but these being as good as the rest, shall suffice for all. And now I have run through, and shown you the best of Mercatus his practice against this Lues; which you may account as the best that Spain affords: he being the most eminent and approved Physician of that Nation. I come now to give you an account of the Practice used in France for this Disease.   

CHAP. XV.  
The French Modes, or Methods of Curing the Pox.  
FOR exemplars of the French Practice in this Disease, we shall apply first to Rondeletius, sometime Regius Professor at the University of Montpelier; a Physician of note in the World, by his writings not only upon this Lues, but also concerning divers other subjects in Physic: from him we shall collect a methodical course of Medicines most esteemed by him; which may be accounted the best Galenic practice then used in France.  
In the beginning of this Disease, 
Gulielm. Rondelet. praxis.  and the body plethoric, or very sanguine he proceeds thus. First, he gives a minorative potion. R. syr. ros. solut. ℥ ij. decoctionis mercurial. ℥ iij. misce, or instead of this, Cassi● cum cathol. in forma boli, the next day he appoints the Patient to bleed if no common contra. indication prohibit; to which he adds pains of the head and joints to interdict also. The quantity of blood to be let out is ℥ iij. or ℥ iiij. the first day; 
Sanguinis missio.  but the day after ℥ vj. or ℥ seven. more; and he says that this Lues is to be cured ut lassitudo, in which lassitude Galen iterates sanguimission ad animi usque deliquium. But our Author is something more moderate than his Master, and proceeds no farther than quantum vires ferre poterunt. After this he institutes purgation, and that must be large or frequent, with Apozems and compound Syrups to carry off serous and phlegmatic humours; such as Syr. de fumar. comp. and de epithymo, and they were to be given in Whey, or decoction of Mercury and borage, or this Syrup.  
R. cichor. endiviaes, 
Syrupus.  scariol. lupul. fumiterr. acetoes. capil. ven. ana M. 1. brassicae marin. M. ss. (at si sicca fuerit ponatur ad ℥ iij.) prunor. sebesten. passul. ficuum ana par. 20. anisiʒiij. sem: cartham. polipod. querc. ana ℥ iij. senae orient. ℥ iiij. si brassica sit, sin minus lib. ss. flor. bugloss. borag. ana p. 1. anthos & chamaemil. ana p. ss. sacchar. q s. s. Syrupus, which was to be continued for five days, and after the use of this Syrup, a stronger purgative was to be given, which he calls medicamentum eradicativum, and that must be made up of Confec. Hamech, è succo rosar, or electuar. diacartham.  
The body being thus purged sufficiently, he applies to the materia conjuncta, which is in the habit of the body, to evacuate that; and if the Disease have any residence in the head, than he commends masticatories: if in the joints, then cupping with scarifications (O egregious) if in the fleshy parts, then sweeting makes the best evacuation: and this he procures either by external or internal means: his external, are Baths, 
Balnea.  Stoves, Unguents, and Emplasters.  
Baths than exsiccate and digest without astriction may cure by continued use for a considerable time. Where there is pains and Ulcers; Mercurial Baths he commends: for Ulcers and Scabs; nitrous Baths: but aluminous, for pains of the joints. Stoves, he says, may cure a slight Pox by their long use. Mercurial Emplasters perform after the same manner as Unguents; but more by insensible transpiration and drying then by sweat, (says our Author) for which purpose he appoints this: R. mass. emplast. de melilot. vel oxycrocei lib. ss. argent. viv. ℥ ij. malaxenter cum terebinth. & ol. laurin. vel irino vel rutac. & reducantur ad formam cerati. which was to be laid upon such parts of the bod as the case required.  
The Mercurial Unguents for this Disease he appoints thus: 
Unguent.  R. axung. porci non salit. nec liquefact. lib. 1. ol. chamaemel. & irin. ana ℥ iij. terebinth. & resinae ana ℥ ij. cerae parum, argent. viv. extinct. in succo limon. ℥ iij. misce f. unguent. with this the extreme parts, joints, emunctories and Spine were anointed once or twice a day, in a warm room.  
But if Ulcers or Pustuls appear upon the body, than he commends this as most proper. 
Linimentum.  R. axung. porci lib. 1. butyri recent. terebinth. lot. in aq. vitae ana ℥ ij. resinae & unguenti ana ℥ ●ij. argent. vivi ℥ v. thuris, mastichis iridis anaʒiij. virid. aerisʒij. ol. irini & laurini ana ℥ iij. lithargiri aur. ℥ j misce f. linimentum.  
But if Herpes and Scabs appear upon the superficies of the body, than he adviseth to this: 
Linimentum.  R. succi lapatii acuti & limon. ana ℥ ij. ol. laurin. ℥ j ol. tartar. ℥ ss. unguent. martiat. ℥ jss. argent. vivi, ℥ v. cerusae lot. in aq. vitae ℥ j resinae & terebinth. ana ℥ iij. f. linimentum s. a. This is to be used as the former: and after some time strong dryers may be added to the lineament, as Alumen, Sulphur, Chalcitis; but not at first, lest they constringing the skin do impede sweeting. Unction is to be continued until there be a looseness of the belly, or the breath gins to stink; then (says he) 'tis a certain sign the phlegm is inflamed; then give over Unction and change linen.  
Internal Medicines appointed and commended, are decoctions and destillations: the decoctions were various; some only consisted of guajac and Water, to this some added purgatives, either Senna, or Agaric, Turbith, Coloquintida, or others; but our Author does not approve of purging and sweeting inredients in one Medicine, being of contrary operations: yet he sets down this as very efficatious. R. rasur. lig. guajac. lib. 1. court. ejusd. ℥ iij. agar. ℥ j sennae orient. lib. 1. aloes quar. j f. decoctio in lib. vi. aq. bugloss. & tantundem aq. absinth. ad consumptionem quartae partis. Of which ℥ iiij. was to be taken Morning and Evening.  
He tells you also that some practisers give this. R. lig. guajac. lib. 1. rad. helen. beniovinis, santal. omnium, senae orient. ana ℥ ij. hermodac. ℥ j colocynth. ʒiij. f. infusio, deinde decoctio. colatur. add mellis lib. ij. f. syrupus clarif. & aromat. cum ℥ ij. cinnam. ad dend. vini lib. ij.  
The decoctions of China were then in use also for the Cure of this Disease, and were prepared thus. 
Decoct. Chinae.  R. rad. Chinae in taleolas divis. ℥ ij. aq. fontis lib. 12. infund. per horas 12. & decoq. ad consumptionem tertiae partis. And this was given Morning and Evening to sweat, the quantity of six Ounces, in bed.  
After the same manner also, the decoction of sulsaparilla was made and used, and no other account our Author gives of that.  
The distillation commended which is chief for pains of the head, if any remain after the general course of Medicines; is this. 
Destillatio p●o dol●r. Capitis.  R. Theriac. antiq. lib. ss. rad. elenii, chynae ana ℥ iiij. cyclam. ℥ vi. lig. guajac. & court. ejusd. macerat. per diem in vino alb. lib. ij. ponantur omnia in vase vitreo & destillentur, s. a. This was to be taken from ℥ ij. to ℥ iiij. but the times when, and how long to be continued is not set down. But in case after all this, if the pain should not quite remove and vanish; then he adviseth to this Emplaster. 
Emplast. ad idem.  R. emplast. divini ℥ iiij. ungent de vigo ℥ iij. euphorb. ℥ ss. argent. vivi ℥ ij. malaxentur cum ol. rutaceo & f. emplastrum; the head being first shaved this was to be laid on.  
Mercurial suffumigations was also practised then in the Cure of this Disease, 
Suffumig. Mercurial.  and our Author acknowledgeth himself to have used them; to take off pains and heal running Ulcers that are difficult, and to hasten consolidation; and makes mention of a notable Cure he performed upon a Nobleman, who before was under Physicians and Surgeons for six Months at Lions, and could by no means be cured. Rondeletius says, he Cured him in four days, by this way of suffumigation; but this course he says, requires a strong body to undergo it, because it is dangerous.  
But notwithstanding he owns this way to be hazardous and fit only for strong and very moist bodies; yet he undertakes to prescribe a way how it may be accommodated safely, to the weaker sort, who in vain have tried other courses, and that is this: the body being purged again and again; masticatories are to be used for some days, if there be no Ulcer in the mouth; if there be, than errhina are to be put up the nose; but of what he tells not (and 'tis no matter) after this the fume is to be used Morning and Evening thus; 
Suffumigandi modus oped.  the Patient lying in Bed, the fuming matter is cast upon hot Coals in a pot at the Bed side; from whence a Pipe or hollow instrument conveys the smoke into the Bed; and if the Patient cannot endure the smoke, he ma lie with his head out, the  being pressed down close about his neck. The time how long this is to be continued at once, or how often to be repeated is not appointed: only in general, pro viribus agrotantis & morbi contumacia, until salivation flow from the mouth.  
The matter of these fumigations were varied as the case required: for allaying of pains this was thought appropriated: R. Cinnabrii ℥ j styracis Calamit. nucis moschat. ana ℥ iij benjoini ℥ ss. excipe terebinthina, 
Suffumig. pro doloribus sedand.  & fiant trochisciʒij. One of these Troches were cast upon the coals at a time.  
For Ulcers this was intended and used as most proper: 
Suffumig. ad Vlcera.  R. Cinnabrii ℥ j beniovinis, styracis, myrrhae, olibani, opopanacis, ana ℥ ss. masticis, macis, thuris, ana ℥ ij. excipiantur terebinthina, & fiat suffumigium. And our Author says, that for Ulcers he added Sandaracha and Auripigmentum, and chief when there were Ulcers of the Lungs, in the Nose, or other internal parts. And sometimes he added lapis pyrites, because it dries Ulcers, and mollifies hardness; but in all these Suffumiges, Cinnabar was one ingredient, and the chief that did the business: and this was not the native Cinnabar, but factititious, prepared from Mercury or Argent vive and Sulphur. And this is the chief of what is delivered upon this way of Cure by Suffumigation, from Rondeletius, who concludes his practice with a great applause of Argent vive, as the best Antidote and grand remedy against the Pox, quia quomodocunque administretur, morbum curate; but I am not bound to believe the Traditions of Authors: those whose faith is larger than their knowledge, may swallow all that is presented, but the consequents may be fatal and sad.  
And now I come to show you the Practice of another famous Physician in France, that came after Rondeletius almost fifty years; from whom we may collect, what improvement was made in that time; what new inventions were found out for the Cure of this Lues; and what establishment there was, or continuation of the former courses of Physic.  
Quercitan, though an Armenian by birth, yet travelling into France, did settle there and practise; and being diligent in study, and laborious in the Chemical preparation of Medicines, his name advanced; whereupon the College of Physician at Paris cast an envious eye upon him, and endeavoured to suppress and blast him, because he did not concur with their old Galenick Doctrine, and jog on in the common beaten road of Practice; but was industrious to bring greater repute to the Art of Physic by Chemical and more refined preparation of Medicines, which they were altogether ignorant of: yet notwithstanding their opposition and combination to defame and crush him, he became great in despite of their malicious detractions and plots, and was made one of the King's Physicians (though I would not have you deceive yourself, to think that Kings have always the best Physicians to attend them, though this Professor did well deserve the preferment.)  

Joseph Quercitani Consilium.  Quercitan in his counsel for a venereal Patient, adviseth to leave off the vulgar Methods of Physic, that began first with a Minorative of Cassia and Rhubarb, or such like, to cleanse the first region of the body; also to forbear bleeding, that usually followed the next day after the Minorative; and to lay aside the preparative Apozems ex decoc. tormentil. polipod. acetoes. oxi. lapath. gramin. asparag. cichor. agrimon. scabios. chamaedr. lupuli, beton. sem. card. bened. anisi: citrii, flor. genist. calend. borag. bugloss. staechad. etc. in which were dissolved syr. conservat. citrii, limon. de succo acetoes. de pomis, etc. to prepare, digest, and alter the malignant and peccant humour. Also instead of purgation, which was performed by the Infusions of Rhubarb, Sennae, Agarici, additis etiam Confecionibus Hamech, Tripher. Persicae, Electuar. Ind. major, vel minor. etc. adapted to evacuate gross, viscous, adust, and malign humours, he substitutes in the room of all this a Guajacine Decoction as followeth.  
R. ras. cordis lig. Ind & ras. court. ejusd. ana ℥ iv. sem. card. bened. ℥ ss. ulmariae M. j flor. de hyper. p. ij. flor. rosmar. p. iij. santal. citrin. ℥ ss. aqua fumar. lupuli ana lib. 4. macerentur per 24 horas ad ignem lentum; 
Decoct. guajac. solut.  dein coq. ad unius tertiae consump. colat. clarificat. add sol. Sennae mundat. ℥ iij. macerentur denuo ad ignem lentissim, per duos integros dies, tandem transcolentur per manicam Hippocrat. dulcorentur & aromatizentur cum sufficienti quant. sacchar. & cinnam.  
He Appoints the Patient to take of this Decoction ℥ iij. or ℥ iv. in the morning three hours before dinner; and to continue it for fifteen or twenty days at least. After this is done, he comes to the use of this specific Hydrotick, as he calls it.  
R. ras. ligni. Ind. ℥ vj. salsae parill. lib. ss. sassaffr. ℥ iv. rad. petasit. filicis ana ℥ ij. cinnam. caryophill. ana ℥ ss. macerentur per 24 horas in lib. 12. hydromelit. simp. dein coq. ad medietatis consumptionem; 
Decoct. hydrotic.  and towards the end of the Decoction a linen Nodulus is to be put in, wherein is ℥ ss. Mercur. ex Cinnab. extract. atque calcinat. & rursus in pulverem redact. per odorem syr. sulphuris, which does wonderfully add to the virtue of the Medicine, says our Author.  
This was to be taken pretty hot ℥ vj. or ℥ seven. at four or five of the Clock in the morning in bed, and sleep after it: but before this Potion, the Patient must take of this Confection the quantity of a big Hazelnut. R. conser. flor. cichor. bugloss. ℥ j rorismarin. ℥ ss. Theriac. Alexandrin. ʒiss. confect. Alcherm. & de Hyacinth. anaʒijss. Diacoral. Diatriasant. Diambr. & Diamosch. dulc. anaʒj. lap. Bezoard. ℈ j C. Cer. praep. Margarit. praep. ana ℈ iv. cum syrup. conser Citri fiat Opiate. to be used as aforesaid.  
And during the time of this Hydrotic Decoction, a strict Diet is to be used: for bread only Biscuit, but one sort of meat, and that roasted: and for drink, a decoction of Salsa parill. Chinae & lign. rosarum, 
Diaeta.  sweetened with Sugar and Cinnamon; this strict course was to be observed for 25. or 30. days at least, during which time if the body be costive, Clysters are often to be given to lubrify the belly; and every fifth day a gentle Purge to be administered, and the Hydrotic to be omitted that day. And this is the sum of his Guajacin, and Sudorific method for this Lues.  
And he further adviseth and declares, that although Diaphoreticks are very proper and auxiliary in the Cure of this Disease; 
Diureticorum utilitas.  yet sometimes Diuretics do help nature to carry of malign humours by the urinary passages; and nature does oftentimes free herself and purify the blood this way: therefore we ought carefully to imitate nature, and observe which way she inclines, and to promote that; which sometimes is by Urine; and then promoting and assisting nature in that evacuation is more advantageous than sweeting: but by what Medicines or means this should be done according to his designment, he doth not discover.  
And moreover he saith, that although some grandees of this Profession (Fernelius for one) do attribute to Guajacum the sole Alexipharmacal or Antidotary virtue against this Lues, and to be preferred before all others: and not only so, but do slight and condemn others, especially Mercury as most pernicious and dangerous: yet notwithstanding, there are other men very learned and expert in this Art, that are of a contrary opinion, who affirm argent vive to be the true Alexipharmacum of this Disease: and therefore the major part of Physicians after the use of Hydroticks (which very gently and easily were administered) had recourse to Hydrargirum as the Asylum and greatest refuge. 
Hydrargirum alexipharmacum oped. contra Luem Ven.  Of this party Quercitan professeth himself to be; and applauds their endeavours in this way of Cure; and does pronounce Mercury to be the only true Asylum and Alexipharmacum for this Venereal Lues: and that besides salivation, it does operate by Urine and insensible transpiration according to the several preparations thereof: all which are requisite to carry off the malign venom of this Malady.  
But although this Author does agree thus far with those Physicians that stand up for Mercury; yet notwithstanding he dissents from them as to the preparation and use thereof.  

First, In that they admix it crude in Unguents and Plasters.  
Secondly, They give it unprepared in Pills.  
Thirdly, They exhibit Mercury praecipitate edulcorated only, with out further elaboration.  
Fourthly, they anoint the plants of the feet, and palms of the hands, with Mercury reduced into an Oil or liquor.  
Fifthly, In that they give this oil inwardly.   
All which our Author protests against; and declares that he useth no Mercury crude and unprepared; and that his Mercurial Medicines are far more noble, safe, and efficatious than the vulgar Mercurial preparations: and refers to his Spagyric Pharmacopoeia, where those Medicines are described. As Mercurius Philosophicus, Mercurius essensisicatus Paraselsi, Elixir vitae Mercuriale. Turpethum Minerale Querc. Mercurius praecipitatus diaphoreticus, etc. And there professeth to follow Paracelsus in these preparations, as the greatest and best Spagyric Philosopher to be guided by.  
Next to Mercury, he esteems the Chemical Preparations of Guajacum as the best remedies against this Venereal Lues: and far before the common Galenic decoctions; and for satisfaction herein, he refers to his Pharmacopoeia Phytolog. Where he reason's the case between the Galenic and Chemical Preparations of Guajacum; and charges the decoctions with the loss of their virtue, as dispirited and void of their Energetic parts; which notwithstanding the operator does endeavour to save by decoction in a close Vessel; yet the spirit does exhale and evaporate before the decoction be finished; some boiling two thirds away; others the half; but at the least a third part: in which time the spirit consumes and transpires away; this spirit is acid and penetrating, and much of the virtue of the plant resides here, and therefore aught to be preserved as most precious; and this acid spirit being of a fermentative nature also (as other acids) does raise and attenuate humours, and consequently fit them for expulsion and transpiration.  
Wherefore (says Quercitan) considering the benefits of these acid spirits; 
Pharmacop. Quercitan.  I use to distil these Spirits from Guajacum, Juniper, Vitriol, Sulphur, and from all Hydrotic specificks for divers kinds of Diseases; and these Spirits I find far more effectual to perform Cures with, than decoctions; and besides the loss of this Mercurial acid spirit, also an oleaginous suphureous subtle part, of a sudorific virtue; this also exhales and vanisheth in decocting. To prevent these inconveniencies, the Chemical Art does teach how to save and separate distinctly these two precious parts, which are eminent in Guajacum; and our Author communicates it thus.  
Scobs' guajaci indita in retortam atque affusi aqua quod sufficiat (the quantities are left to the discretion of the Artist) aptandum est recipiens amplum, 
Guajaci praeparatio spagyr. Quercit.  hermeticè obsignandum, ne quid exhalet: tum admoto igne, vel cinerum, vel solius tantum balnei mar. vaporosi distillabitur aqua, & cum ea exstillabit pariter & acetositas mercurialis spiritualis, adeoque etiam spirituosior portio sulphurea seu oleaginea ejusdem guajaci. Two or three ounces of this Distillation (he says) will effect more than a pound of the common Decoction. After distillation is ended, upon the Faeces you may affuse more water, digest for twelve hours, and distil again, you shall have a pleasant liquor pro potu ordinario, which is to be aromatized with Cinnamon, and sweetened with Sugar according to the Patient's palate.  
This Water being all brought over, the fire is to be increased, and then a red Oil will come, which is to be rectified secundum artem; and this is commended as an excellent remedy for sordid Ulcers, cancerous or phagaedanic in the venereal Lues.  
From the incinerated Faeces, with the water of the second distillation, you are to extract a Salt, s. a. which being mixed with the first distillation, will make it more sudorific, and moreover gently loosen the Belly. These preparations of Guajacum, says our Author, if they be rightly prepared and administered according to Art, will perfectly cure the venereal Lues, though confirmed and of the worse sort.  
And these are the chief Medicines which Querecitan approves and magnifies for this purpose, and the sum of what he adviseth to extirpate this foul disease. I leave the learned and experienced Spagyrist to judge of what hath been delivered, who well knows what the issue of all this will be: and so I pass on to view the Practice of another Country.   

CHAP. XVI.  
The Dutch Practice for the Cure of the Venereal Lues.  
FOR the Methods of Cure practised in the Netherlands, we shall consult Forestus, 
Petr. Foresti praxis contra Luem Ven.  generally esteemed as a good Galenic Author; a long Practiser in those Countries, and in several places: at the Hague, Rotterdam, Delft, the Brill, etc. from whom we may expect the best account, and what variety of means was there used, and what Methods were most esteemed against this disease.  
Upon inquiry and search for information herein; I find these Methods of Cure practised in the Low Countries, experimented and approved by this Author. First, the course of Guajacin Decoctions; secondly, by Distillations; thirdly, by Unguents; and fourthly, by Suffumigation.  
For an Exemplar of the first take this Cure, 
Lib. de Lue Ven. observat. seven.  which was performed by Forestus upon a Woman of no mean Quality, who had Venereal Ulcers upon her Forehead, spreading and corroding even to her Nose; and being under a Surgeon's hands a considerable time to no purpose. She resigned herself up to the care of this Professor on the 23. of October. First he gave her this Bole. R. Cassiae ℥ j confec. hamechʒij misce. The next day he took blood away at the Basilica Vein.  
Afterwards this preparation was appointed: R. rasur. lign. guajac. cum court. limat. ℥ ijss. scabios. fumar. agrimon. acetoes. beton. ana M. j endiu. cichor. summit. lupulor. borag. bugloss. hypericon. pentaphyll. centaur. min. chamaedr. violar. scolopend. cetrach. ana M. ss. capill. ven, p. j santal. omnium, rosar. schoenanth. spodii, court. rad. tamarisci ana. ʒss. anisiʒjss. sem. foenic. ʒss. sem. agni casti ℈ ij. prun. damascen. num. xv. uvar. pass. ab arillis mund. ℥ ss. aq. come. seu pluvialis lib. iij. aquar. fumar. lupul. scabios. ana ℥ iij. aq. beton. bugloss. ana ℥ jss. Coquantur omnia secundum ordinem debitum ad lib. ijss. vel lib. ij. Colat. add syr. de fumar. ℥ iij. syr. de cichor. cum rhubarb. ℥ j syr. è stoechad. violar. ana ℥ ss. misce & clarificetur. This was taken twice a day, but the set times and Doses are not mentioned.  
To the Faeces or residue of the foresaid Decoction he added ras. lign. guajac. cum court. limat. ℥ ss. aq. pluvial. lib. iij. coq. ad medietatem, addendo sub finem decoct. cinnam. ʒjss sacchar. pro sapore q. s. This being strained out, was kept to admix with Wine; or to be drank alone for ordinary drink.  
To the former preparatory Decoction was added follic. sennae ℥ j polipod. quercin. epithymi anaʒiij. coq. and towards the latter end of the Decoction these were put in: rhubarb. elect. incis. ʒij. spicae ℈ j agar. trochiscat. ℈ ijss. Colatur. addantur syr. de fumoter. ℥ iij. syr. de cichor. cum rhubarb. ℥ ss. facchar. oped. ℥ jss. Clarificetur & aromatizetur cum sp. diarrhod. abbot. ʒss. cinnam. elect. ℈ ij. f. decoct. s. a. This was to be taken twice a day as before, and operated three or four times a day.  
The second Decoction that was to be mingled with Wine, being spent (the Patiented disliking it) was not repeated, but instead thereof this was prescribed. R. lign. guajac. cum court. limat. ℥ iiij. sem. anisiʒss. bugloss. borag. betonicae, flor. stoechad. utriusque ana p. j Coquantur lib. iv. aq. pluvial. elect. & purae ad lib. iij. Colat. dulcoretur saccharo pro sapore delectabiliori. This was used for the ordinary drink.  
The former Decoctions being spent, on the first of November this was prescribed for digesting the peccant matter. R. aq. fumar. ℥ vj. aq. lupulor. ●●ton. bugloss. ana ℥ ij. syr. de fumar. ℥ ●j. syr. de cichor. cum rhubarb. ℥ j syr. violar. è stoechad. ana ℥ ss. m●sce. This was for three Doses: the times not set down, but I suppose for three mornings.  
The third of November 〈◊〉 night these Pills were given he●●● R pill. aur. cochiae, de f●●ar. ana ℈ j cum syr. de fumar. f. pilulae seven. and operated seven times. The pain of her head was now allayed, and the Ulcers reduced to a better condition.  
The sixth of November this Guajacin Drink was prepared. R. lig. guajac. cum court. limat. ℥ ix. aq. fluvialis & vin. rhenan. oped. ana lib. v. bulliant in balneo Mariae s. a. This was taken every morning a good draught hot in bed to sweat; and another draught at four of the Clock after noon, and likewise as much at night in bed. But after this Decoction was strained, to the remaining Faeces were put aq. come. lib. viij. which boiled ad medietatem ferè, adding towards the latter end pull. cinnam. ʒj. and this was reserved then for the ordinary drink.  
The 12. of November this Purge was given. R. mass. pill. indar. de fumar. anaʒss. syr. de fumar. q. s. fiant pill. seven. which worked seven times. After this the drink was continued till Christmas and longer; but in the interim the Pills were repeated on the 20. and 26. of November, and at length the Patient was cured (says our Author) but how long after Christmas, is not mentioned. So that I perceive the Cure was not very speedy; but tandem perfectè curata suit.  
Besides this Method of Decoctions; the way of curing by Unction hath also been practised in Holland for many years, especially in the Hospitals, as it is very much the custom of our Hospitals here and in other Countries, being an easy cheap way for the Surgeons; but the Patient finds it sad and troublesome: many also die not able to go through it; and not a few come forth after their sufferings without a Cure. Some think if they can but get into an Hospital, they are safe and well provided for; and that there is excellent means and judicious contrivances for the infected with this disease, above what can be expected from a Physician in another place. I wish it were so; but some that have tried the usage of Hospitals upon this account, give but a bad Character of their entertainment: and if it be true, as I am informed, (and truly I have it from the mouths of such as have been there as Patients) I have not heard of more rude ignorance and slighter management of curing this disease than in such places: and I have had occasion to examine some that have undergone their common Unction there, and come forth uncured, that would choose rather to die than to go thither again to repeat the same course; and you may well think, that the tractation of Patients in places of common reception managed by salary Officers, is much inferior to the endeavours of a private Physician that is otherwise concerned for Cures.  
And says Forestus, Ego non possum satis admirari. I cannot but wonder at their manner of curing in the Hospital of Delft; ten together shut up in a Chamber, and anointed all with the same Ointment for five days together, serving them all alike: hence it is their Churchyards are so well filled with dead bodies. But he does not altogether condemn this way of Cure when occasion requires; but blames the inconsiderate use thereof to all promiscuously without distinction and consideration had of their peculiar and different cases.  
And this Author relates to us of a Tailor at Delft, having got a virulent Gonorrhoea, and being ill used by a Chirurgeon, fell into a pissing of blood and a confirmed Pox; he being sent for to him, did free him from his bloody Urine, after which he applied to the Pox: and having well purged him, he gave him the Decoction of Guajacum with Herbs and Purgatives, such as Amatus Lusitanus prescribed for a Woman afflicted long with the Venereal Lues, Cent. 4. Curate. 15. which was this. R. scob. lig. guajac. lib. ss. polipod. querc. recent. contus. ℥ iij. senae ℥ jss. court. mirabal. indor. & chebulor. ana ℥ ss. passular. Corinth ℥ iij. sem. cartham. ℥ j rad. bugloss. p. ij. sem. foenic. ℥ ss. aq. come. lib. x. f. decoctio secundum artem ad medias, colatur. add sacchar. fini lib. ss. & iterum parum ad ignem bulliat. Of this Decoction the Patient drank ℥ viij. every morning for twenty days, and was cured.  
But Forestus had not such good success with the Tailor, although at first he began to mend upon the use thereof; but afterwards relapsed, became consumptive, and could not continue the course of this Medicine. Some days after this, the Patient's Thigh near the Knee was inflamed, and Isbrand, a Chirurgeon of the Hospital, would undertake to cure him; and finding that other means had not prevailed, resolved to try the Unction; and did anoint him with a Mercurial Unguent, 
Forest. de Lue Ven. lib. 32. observat. 15.  which cured him of the Lues; but his Leg after the Unction was contracted and drawn up backwards, that he was forced to use a Wooden Leg, and could have no help for it by emollient Plasters or other means.  
And our Author gives us another account of a Patient, 
Observat. 20.  that had been long afflicted with the Venereal disease, and could not receive help by Decoctions: was afterwards cured by Unction: and that was a Master of a Ship at the Briel, that for nine years had deep Ulcers in his Leg and Thighs, and was under the hands of several Physicians and Surgeons in vain. Towards the latter end of April he came to Forestus, who undertook the Cure. First, he gave them a Lenitive, afterwards ordered a Vein to be opened, to see his blood, and let out ℥ vj. The 28. of April he appointed this. 
Potio.  R. fol. collutheaeʒij. sem. anisiʒj. bulliant cum ℥ v. decoct. cum express. add electuar. lenit. ℥ ss. confec. hamechʒiij. syr. de fumoterr. ℥ j misce. This was given for one dose.  
The 29. of April he prescribed this Apozem for preparation of humours, to be taken every day. R. rad. enulae camp. ℥ ss. fumitory. borag. bugloss. summit. lupul. acetoes. agrimon. scabios. ana M. j chamaedr. chamaepit. capil. Ven. ana M. ss. trium fl●r●● Gordial. p. j sem. anisiʒiij. sem. end●●ʒj. sem Citriʒss. fol. senaeʒuj. rhubarb. elect. ʒuj. mirobel. omnium anaʒj. epithymiʒij. polipod. querc. ℥ ss. hagioxyli cum court. limat. ℥ vj. prunor. Damascen. num. ix. uvar. passar. enucleat. ʒj. liquirit. ras. ʒuj. aq. come. q. s. Coq. s. a. ad lib. jss. colat. addantur syr. de fumar. borag. de epithymo ana ℥ j misce, fiat Apozema. What quanity of this was to be taken at a time, is not set down; but after this preparative Apozem he purged him with pill. de fumar. ʒj. In the interim a Chirurgeon had the charge of his Ulcers and dressed him, who applied for Corrosives sometimes Vitriol sublimat. also Arsenic, and oftentimes Praecipitate of Joan de Vigo, and sometimes Unguent. Aegytpiac.  
The fourth of May, he being well purged with Confec. Hamech, the Guajacine Decoction was prepared thus. R. hagioxyli oped. ac deras. lib. j aq. come. & aq. endiviae ana lib. vj. ponantur in olla fictili vitreata per noctem diemque integrum bene cooperta; deinde coquantur ut artis est, ad tertiae partis consumptionem, & usui asseruetur in poculo stricti orificii, pro primo potu. The dose and times for taking this, is not declared. To the Faeces after straining were added aq. lib. xii. and boiled again to the consumption of the fourth part, and this was reserved pro potu secundo & quotidiano. After five days use with these drinks the Patient was costive, 
Potio purge.  and therefore did take this. R. fumitory. borag. bugloss. summit. lupulor. ana M. ss. sem. anisiʒj. flor. cordial. p. j fol. senaeʒijss. uvar. passar. enucleat. ℥ ss. liquirit. ʒij. bulliant in s. q. aquae come. & colat. ℥ iij. add confect. hamech. syr. fumar. ana ℥ ss. misce. This was given in the morning, and the Guajacine Decoction was forborn that day.  
The 10. of May, he being costive again by the Decoction, this was prescribed him. 
Apozema purge.  R. fumar. borag. bugloss. summit lupul. chamaedr. chamaepit. acetoes. scabios. endiviaes, cichor. ana M. j flor. cord. p. j sem. anistʒiij. fol senae ℥ jss. polipod. querc. ℥ ss. epithymiʒiij. prun. damascen. num. xiij. rhubarb elect. agarici ana ℥ iss. hagioxyli cum court. limat. (quia defecerat decoctum incuria pharmocopolae) ℥ iv. schaenanth. zingib. alb. ana ℈ j rad. enulae camp. liquirit. ras. ana ℥ ss. uvar. passar. enucleat. ʒj. coq. in aq. come. q. s. ad lib. j expressioni add syr. de fumar. de epithym. de succo ros. laxat. ana ℥ j misce. This was for three doses to be taken in the morning for three days together, and after this he returned again to the Guajacine Decoction.  
About the 17. of May another Apozem was prescribed, much what like the last, for three doses also. And that being done, he was purged again with Confec. hamechʒiij. in five ounces of the last Decoction.  
On the 21. of May this was appointed. R. endiviae, cichor. borag. bugloss. fumar. summ●●. lupul. agrimon. ana M. jss. some. endiv cucum. melon. anisi, foenic. anaʒjss. liquirit. ras. ʒuj. hagioxyli cum court. limat. ℥ viij. coq. in aq. come. q. s. ad lib. jss. colat. add syr. de fumar. de epithym. ex infus. ros. borag. ana ℥ j misce. This was appointed to be taken every morning instead of the Guajacine Decoction, to procure sweat.  
After this, an Apozem was prescribed, little differing from the former that was appointed on the 17. of May; and after that was taken, on the 4. of June another Apozem was appointed for four doses, much what the same with that of May the 21. these were repeated and used to the 15. of June, and then he took these Pills. R. pill. Indar. ℈ j pill. de fumar. ℈ j diagrid. gr. i. cum syr. de fumoter. f. pill. iij. appointed to be taken after midnight.  
Notwithstanding this long troublesome course of Medicines and repetitions of the same, our Author confesseth the Patient was not cured. For although the Ulcers did heal, yet they broke out in new places: the malignity was not eradicated with all this tedious do: Wherefore they were driven to this refuge, that the Patient must undergo the Mercurial Unction: and it was so resolved; but first he was to take this Potion. R. Confect. hamech ℥ j dissol. cum ℥ iij. decoct. come. addendo syr. de fumar. misce. This was given in the morning, & egregiè purgabatur, says the story: and the man must be egregiously strong too, or else he could not hold out.  
After all this, on the 21. of June the Chirurgeon began to anoint him with this Ointment. R. thuris, mastichis, myrrhae, anaʒjss. rad. helleb nig. & alb. zinzib. ana ℈ j sandarachae graecor. minii anaʒss. baccar. lanri ℥ ss. cineris tamarisci ℥ j cinnam. ʒss. sulph. viviʒj. caphurʒss. butyr. recent. ℥ vj. pingued. porcin. lib. ss. ol. laurin. ℥ j succi plantag. fumar. lapath. acut. ana ℥ j argent. vivi extinct. in succo limon. ℥ iij. fiat ungent. secundum artem. With this he was anointed five days together in all the Joints.  
On the 24. of June, his Mouth inflamed, was very sore and ulcerated, and Face swelled, from the salination and continual flux at the Mouth: for which two Gargarisms were appointed. Afterwards he complained of his Breast to be sore and inflamed, for which a Linctus was provided; and a pectoral Unguent, to assuage and mitigate. On the 26. day he was reduced very weak, and Saccharum perlat. was given him; yet notwithstanding he was thus low, and suffered some hardship, here covered after a while, & was perfectly cured, says our Author.  
Now for an Example of Practice by Suffumigation; he gives us this account of a Mariner that brought the Pox out of Spain with him, whose privy Member was so severely ulcerated, that the Chirurgeon, who had him then under Cure, intended to cut off the Glans, having no hopes to save it by all the means he had or could use. But Forestus being called to the Patient, he forbidden it, and afterwards saved his Member.  
First, he gave him a Bolus of Cassia, then let him blood, 
Julapium.  next a Julep, which was this. Mellis rosat. colat. ℥ iij. syr. de fumoterr. ℥ ij. aq. fumitory. bugloss. beton. ana ℥ v. misce. After this he appoints an Apozem aperitive and gently purgative; which being taken, the Julep was repeated, and after that, this Potion was given. 
Potio purge.  R. confec. hamechʒiijss. diaprum. laxat. ʒj. agar. trochiscat. ℈ ss. diagrid. gr. 1. aq. bugloss. ʒiv. mellis rosat. colat. ℥ ss. misce. When this had performed its operation, another Apozem was prescribed as followeth. 
Apozema.  R. lign. guajac. cum court. limat. lib. ss. salviae, staechad. utriusque fumar. violar. ana M. j flor. cord. p. j sem. anisi, carui, foenic. ana ℥ ij. sem. 4. frigmajor. & min. anaʒss. rad. helleb. nig. ʒss. polipod. querc. epithym. ana ℥ ss. cicer. rub. ʒiij. coq. in aq. come. ad lib. iij. colat. dulcoretur sacchar. This was to be taken twice a day; but the dose is not set down: and when this was ended, pill. de fumar. ʒj. cum diagrid. gr. ij. was given.  
After he was thus sufficiently prepared and purged, he gins to suffumigate him with this. R. cinnabr. ℥ jj. oliban. myrrhae, gum. benzoin. ana ℥ j galliae moschat. ʒjss. theriacae elect. ℥ ss. styracis liquid. ad incorporandum, fiat suffitus. This was used according to the usual manner every morning: but because he was costive, after the third time, a Purge was given the fourth day; and the fifth day the suffumige again, until he salivated freely, and his Mouth and Throat ulcerated therewith; then Gargarisms were used: and because he grew weak, Tablets of Manus Christi perlat. was given; and for expulsion of the venenous matter contracted by the Cinnabar, a Decoction for that purpse was appointed; also to relieve the stomach of which he complained, appropriate Medicines were used for that purpose. And to take off pains of the head, caused by 〈…〉 suffumige. Cephalic Medicines were used: and by this course the man was perfectly recovered and made sound; and the Ulcers, which before could not be healed with mundifying and consolidating Medicines, and all the the Chirurgical Art; were soon after the Suffumige cicatrized and perfectly cured, says our Author.  
Now my occasions calling me off from prosecuting this design farther at present: I confess the Subject is copious, and will admit of long debates; but I have contracted and brought into a narrow compass all the important and most considerable matter, and represented to you in a little Scheme the several persuasions and opinions of the most famed Authors, treating upon this Disease, with our own sentiment and reasons for noncompliance, and descent from each of them. The former part of this Work will give you to understand the subtle Nature of this Malady; wherein I have discussed and laid open some grand Errors that have passed for currant Truths in the World ever since the Disease hath had a peculiar distinguishing name.  
I have exhibited also to your view the various Practice of several Nations for the Cure of this Lues; and not of the mean and vulgar Professors, but of those whose repute is such, that most Physicians, their Successors, do adhere to and follow as their Guides in curing: And this is thought a learned and safe way to be governed by Authors and their Traditions, handed thus from one another; witness the Files of Bills in the Shops, which pedantic Recipes and incongruous Compositions do imitate the unreformed Exemplars of their Predecessors that were no Pharmacopoeians. And indeed it cannot otherwise be expected, since Physicians (very imprudently and perniciously) have cast off their proper charge and main duty, the preparation and improvement of Medicines by their own hands and diligent inspection over all that appertains to that Work (as it was the custom of the Ancients) the neglect whereof hath rendered them incapable to see and correct the gross errors of traditional Book-Medicines. Indeed we might expect a good improvement find success in Medicines, if Physicians were their own Operators in Pharmacy (such as a late ingenious 
* Dr. Ed. Bolnest. Auror. ●●●mica.  Author hath manifested himself to be) they would then from a certain experimental knowledge, disdain the transcribing of Medicines out of Books, whose Authors were not expert Pharmacopoeians: and such were most of these (though men of Note) now laid before you to deliberate on. I would advise those that are not well knowing in the Nature of the Materia Medica, and skilful in the due preparation of Medicines, that they be not too bold in venturing upon every Medicine that is here prescribed; for there are some frivolous and fallacious, others dangerous: and that they be not too confiding in the Methods proposed. To ransack throughly, to examine nicely and strictly their failings; what reason they carry and import by their designment; what Character our Experience may put upon them, from former trials and adventures upon such like Medicines (my self in time past being governed by Tradition and Authors) would take up and expend a considerable time more, than at present can be afforded; nor am I willing at this time to write a satire; else here is matter enough, and thereby to let the World know (if they did deserve it) how grossly erroneous the Art of physic hath been managed in all Ages: and if an account of the dead could rightly be taken, we should find, that more have died by Medicine than by the Sword; but populus vult decipi, they love the imposture, they will not be informed, so let it go on.   
FINIS.