AN APPENDIX TO THE HISTORY OF The Church of Scotland. AN APPENDIX TO THE HISTORY OF The Church of Scotland; CONTAINING The Succession of the ARCHBISHOPS and BISHOPS in their several Sees, from the Reformation of Religion, until the year 1676. AS ALSO The several Orders of MONKS and FRIARS, etc. in Scotland, before the Reformation: WITH The Foundation of the UNIVERSITIES and COLLEGES, their Benefactors, Principals, Professors of Divinity, and present Masters: AND An Account of the GOVERNMENT, LAWS and CONSTITUTION of the Kingdom. LONDON, Printed by E. Flesher, for R. Royston, Bookseller to the KING's most Sacred MAJESTY, Anno Domini MDCLXXVII. THE PREFACE. I May be justly ashamed to appear in print near so great an Author, whose Work is received and entertained with such universal Applause, that it comes to be reckoned among the Patterns of History. But many do still complain of one Defect, that his History being written chiefly for his own Country, those things that relate to the Constitution and Government there, are rather hinted, and supposed to be understood, then fully opened. This has made many desire a clear Account of those things; and the Humour of writing the present State of Kingdoms being now common to most Nations, many have wished to see the present State of Scotland. Therefore the quick Sale of this excellent History encouraging the Bookseller to give the World a Fourth Edition of it, he was earnest with me, to write such an Appendix to it as might add somewhat to its value and sale. He was importunate to find out one who would write a Continuation to it: but I knew well, that both my Abilities in writing and my Informations were too defective to adventure on such a Work. And the Bookseller receiving a full satisfaction to his design in the Memoires of the Duke of Hamilton, (from which, though it be not a full History of all that passed, yet it is hoped the World will receive more light about the late Troubles than has been yet published,) there remained nothing to be done, but to give the Succession of the Bishops from the time where the former History ends, with the Account of Religious Orders and Houses, the Foundations of the Universities, and the Learned Men that flourished in them, together with the true State of that Kingdom in its Government, Laws, and Supreme Courts. Which I have endeavoured to do as fully as seemed needful. I did not adventure on so hardy a Work without communicating it to Learned and knowing Persons, by whose directions I have now finished these Sheets. I have long searched into those things, and have used all the endeavours that were possible, to get any Mistakes that might have crept in with such a variety of Informations rectified: so that I am very confident there are no considerable Errors in matters of fact in the Account that follows. I once intended to have published a Collection I have made of the Noble Families in Scotland: But hearing there was a Person of Quality engaged in it, who intends to write from very authentical grounds an Account of the Nobility and Gentry of Scotland, I have stifled that part of my Collection. If my Style or way of writing be not according to what the Reader expects; as I need great Allowances for my Defects, so I know upon what Disadvantages I appear after such a Grave and Masculine Writer. So that, as when one comes out of a very lightsome place, where his Eyes were filled with Brightness, into a darker Room, it appears quite dark unto him; I have no reason to wonder, if after so clear a Light, all my Informations look like Night and Darkness. THOMAS MIDDLETON. I May be justly ashamed to appear in print near so great an Author, whose Work is received and entertained with such universal Applause, that it comes to be reckoned among the Patterns of History. But many do still complain of one Defect, that his History being written chiefly for his own Country, those things that relate to the Constitution and Government there, are rather hinted, and supposed to be understood, then fully opened. This has made many desire a clear Account of those things; and the Humour of writing the present State of Kingdoms being now common to most Nations, many have wished to see the present State of Scotland. Therefore the quick Sale of this excellent History encouraging the Bookseller to give the World a Fourth Edition of it, he was earnest with me, to write such an Appendix to it as might add somewhat to its value and sale. He was importunate to find out one who would write a Continuation to it: but I knew well, that both my Abilities in writing and my Informations were too defective to adventure on such a Work: therefore all that I could undertake was only to give the Succession of the Bishops from the time where the former History ends, with the Account of Religious Orders and Houses, the Foundations of the Universities, and the Learned Men that flourished in them, together with the true State of that Kingdom in its Government, Laws, and Supreme Courts. Which I have endeavoured to do as fully as seemed needful. I did not adventure on so hardy a Work without communicating it to Learned and knowing Persons, by whose directions I have now finished these Sheets. I have long searched into those things, and have used all the endeavours that were possible, to get any Mistakes that might have crept in with such a variety of Informations rectified: so that I am very confident there are no considerable Errors in matters of fact in the Account that follows. If my Style or way of writing be not according to what the Reader expects; as I need great Allowances for my Defects, so I know upon what disadvantages I appear after such a grave and Masculine Writer. So that, as when one comes out of a very lightsome place, where his Eyes were filled with Brightness, into a darker Room, it appears quite dark unto him; I have no reason to wonder, if after so clear a Light, all my Informations look like Night and Darkness. THE CONTENTS. A List of the KING'S NOBILITY ARCH-BISHOPS and BISHOPS of Scotland. The First CHAPTER Containeth The Succession of the Archbishops and Bishops, in their several Sees, from the Reformation of Religion, to the year 1676. The Second CHAPTER Containeth The several Orders of Monks and Friars and other Religious persons that were in SCOTLAND, with a Catalogue of their Convents and Founders. The Third CHAPTER Containeth The Erection of Universities, the Foundation of Colleges, with a Catalogue of the Benefactors, Principals, Professors of Divinity, present Masters and Professors therein, and Learned Writers. The Fourth CHAPTER Containeth An Account of the Government, Laws and Constitution of the Kingdom; with a Catalogue of the Peers, Shires, Burroughs, Lords of His majesty's Privy Council, Senators of the College of Justice, Officers of State, etc. Whereunto is added A Catalogue of the Lord Chancellors of the Kingdom, Writers of the Scotish History, and High Commissioners. With A complete Catalogue of all the Archbishops and Bishops. AN APPENDIX TO THE HISTORY OF THE Church of Scotland. CHAP. I. Containing the Succession of the BISHOPS, in their several SEES, from the Reformation of Religion, to the year 1676. Archbishops of SAINT ANDREWS. AFTER that Cardinal David Beaton was murdered in his Castle of Saint Andrews by Normand Leslie and his Complices, James Hamilton, An. Christi 1546. Duke of Chattelrault, Governor of the Realm, did nominate his base Brother John Hamilton, Abbot of Pasley, to the place; who thereupon was elected by the Canons, and soon after confirmed by Pope Paul the Third: who, fearing that Scotland would follow the example of England, in casting off the Yoke of the Roman See, was glad to gratify the Governor in that particular. About this time, the Estimation of the Clergy began to decrease, 1556. because of their corrupt Lives and gross Ignorance; which induced divers of that number to relinquish their Order, and to make open profession of the Truth: multitudes also of Monks and Friars, leaving their Cloisters, began to exhort the people to renounce the Romish Fopperies and Superstitions, and to submit to the Doctrine of Christ, everywhere crying out against the Corruptions of the Church. The Prelates, in stead of composing matters calmly, took the contrary course, exercising great Severity against them, and cruelly burning such of the New Religion (as they termed it) as fallen into their hands: those who fled they prosecuted with the highest Censures of the Church, Burning them in Effigy, and Cursing them by Book, Bell, and Candle. But all this Cruelty served to no purpose; for the death of Walter Mill (who was the last Martyr that suffered for Religion) was the very bane of Popery in Scotland; men's minds being now wholly alienated from the Clergy, 1558. and their Consciences convinced, that the Doctrine of Jesus Christ did neither allow such cruel Principles, nor countenance such bloody Practices. To return then to Archbishop John Hamilton, who was attainted of Treason under the Government of the Earl of Murray: He lurked a while amongst his Friends in the West of Scotland; but finding little security there, he betook himself to the strong Castle of Dumbarton, whereof the Lord Fleming was then Governor. But this Fort being negligently kept, was afterwards surprised by three Companies of Foot sent thither by the Earl of Lennox, than Regent, commanded by three Captains, Ramsay, Crawford, and Hume; who seizing upon the Prisoners, sent them to sundry places, and the Archbishop with a strong Guard to Striveling, where he was publicly hanged on a Gibbet erected for that purpose, 1570. He was the only Bishop that suffered by form of Justice in this Kingdom. 1571. At this time the Rents of this Bishopric were by the Regent conferred upon the Earl of Morton for some years, as a recompense of his great charges in his Embassy to England. That Earl, that he might enjoy them legally, made choice of John Douglas, Provost of the New College of Saint Andrews, (before a Carmelite Friar, and Chaplain to the Earl of Argile,) to be Titular Bishop; who was, with much opposition of the Presbytery, (for at that time there was no Chapter,) admitted and installed, 1572. This Bishop sat little above two years, and died at Saint Andrews, 1575. After his death, the Earl of Morton, than Regent, did prefer Patrick Adamson, his Chaplain, to the Bishopric of Saint Andrews. This Bishop was sorely vexed by those of the Kirk-party, who prosecuted him with the highest Censures of their Church, and excommunicated him (very informally) for not submitting to their Judicatory: but the business was afterwards compounded, and the Bishop relaxed. He was a man of great Learning, but an ill administrator of the Church's Patrimony. He sat fifteen years, and died at Saint Andrews, 1591. Hereupon the See continued void, and the Profits thereof were by King James the Sixth bestowed on the Duke of Lennox, till the Parliament 1606. wherein the Temporalties of Bishoprics (in former times annexed to the Crown) were restored; the want of which had rendered the Bishops of unserviceable both to Church and State. About this time, George Gladstanes, Bishop of Cathnes, was translated to Saint Andrews; a man of ready utterance, and of great invention, but of an easy nature, as appears by his being induced so easily to lease out his Benefice for so many Ages to come, to the great detriment of his Successors. But in this he was not singular, for the rest of the Clergy, both Papists and Protestants, did let Leases of their Benefices, to their Friends and others, for Hundreds of years, and that for a pitiful pittance. Which Extravagancy was afterwards restrained by the wisdom of King James, when he was of age: for he enacted, That Bishops should let Leases for nineteen years, Rectours, etc. for their Life-time and three years, and other Beneficed persons for their Life-time and three years, with consent of their Patrons. Bishop Gladstanes governed the See ten years, and dying at Saint Andrews 1615. was interred in the Southeast Isle of the Parish-Church. Upon his death, John Spotiswood, Archbishop of Glasgow, was translated to Saint Andrews; who procured to this See (whose Rents were almost wholly alienated by his Predecessors) the Revenues of the Priory of Saint Andrews, then in Lay-hands, as also the restauration of three hundred pounds of English money per Annum, of a long time swallowed up in the Crown-rents. The Office of the Chancellary in the State, conferred upon him by that Glorious Martyr King CHARLES the First, he discharged to the satisfaction of his Royal Master, and the Church's advantage. He was a person of rare Endowments, and in all things completely qualified for his employment. Yet did he not escape the hard measure which other Loyal Subjects afterward tasted of; for by the Covenanters he was forced to retire into England, where he met with entertainment more suitable to his worth. He ended his days in a good old age, and was honourably interred in Westminster-Abby, Anno 1639. after he had governed the See twenty four years. 1637. About this time our long Peace, and the Plenty which did accompany it, made us wanton, our Prosperity puffed us up with Pride, we were Enemies to our own welfare, weary of our present estate, too much desirous of Revolutions, and greedy of Novelties. Our private Discontents begat Jealousies and Animosities, which (since they could be no longer smothered) must needs burst out into a flame. We were afraid of we knew not what; nothing but the Preservation of Religion must be the Pretext, and the Cloak to cover the Knavery which was afterwards acted: and notwithstanding the Satisfaction given unto us by the Best of Kings, in laying aside the Book of Common-Prayer, Book of Canons, and High Commission; yet still we continued dissatisfied. All the Favours conferred upon us by the Best of Princes could not engage us to continue in our Duty and Allegiance to Him. All the good fruit we brought forth was, our engaging in a most desperate and horrible Rebellion, such as former Ages could hardly parallel. Like Aesop's envious Dog, we would neither be at rest ourselves, nor suffer our Neighbours, and such who continued firm in their Allegiance to His Majesty, to be at quiet, and live in Peace. Alas! we metamorphosed our ploughshares into swords; the Son rose up against the Father, Brother against Brother; Parishes were divided, Shires went into Factions; yea, the whole Kingdom was divided against itself, sheathing the Sword in its own bowels. Which way soever we looked, we saw nothing but that which might consume our eyes, and grieve our hearts. If towards the Church, 'twas rend by Schism; the Bishops, and many of the Reverend Clergy, were thrust out, imprisoned, plundered, and banished; the House of Prayer made (in the most literal sense) a Den of Thiefs. If towards the State, we saw the Anointed of the Lord imprisoned, arraigned, and, under colour of Justice, most barbarously murdered, by those who slew him, like the Heir in the Gospel, that they might seize on his Inheritance. Alas! when Church and State were come to this pass, the case of the poor Land must needs be deplorable. We saw the Loyal Subjects, under the names of Malignants, Traitors, and Rebels, imprisoned, banished, and miserably butchered; their Estates and Lands forfeited and sold; their Houses garrisoned, plundered, and burnt; and their Posterity almost reduced to poverty and misery. Alas! how quickly did our after-games of Loyalty vanish through our own Divisions? Was there any possibility of prospering, so long as we continued Traitors to ourselves? When we had almost ruined ourselves by our own intestine Divisions, we became a Prey to a Tyrannical Crew of Usurpers: and to complete our Miseries, our Estates, our Friends, yea our very Consciences groaned under the grievous burden of that insupportable Yoke, which our own Sins had prepared, and other men's Sins had put on. Nine years did we groan under the Tyranny of these Usurpers; till it pleased Almighty God to remember us in mercy, and to free us from the House of bondage, blessing us, after so many Calamities and Miseries, with Peace, by the miraculous Restauration of our most Sacred Sovereign to the Throne of His Ancestors; whom God long preserve, for the Good of this Church and Kingdom. Now the face of Affairs began to change, and His Majesty, 1660 that He might settle the Kingdom, summoned his First Parliament to meet at Edinburgh, January the first 1661. giving a Commission under the Great Seal to John Earl of Middleton, to represent His Person therein. In the First Session, the Solemn League and Covenant was condemned, as an unlawful and wicked Oath, imposed on the Subjects by a prevailing Faction, contrary to Authority; the pretended Triennial Parliaments from 1640. to 1649. with the Assembly of Glasgow 1638, etc. were annulled; the unjust Transactions at Newcastle 1646. and 1647. condemned; Duke Hamilton's Engagement 1648. approved; the pretended Forfeitures of the Marquesses of Huntly and Montross, the Earl of Forth, Barons of Glengarey, Haddo, Dunerub, Delgaty, Harthill, and others, who had suffered for their Loyalty, and all Acts made in prejudice of Lawful Authority, were rescinded. In the Second Session, the Hierarchy was restored, which had suffered an Eclipse for twenty four years. Dr. James Sharp, Professor of Divinity at Saint Andrews, 1662. (who had been Professor of Philosophy in Saint Leonard's College,) was preferred Archbishop of Saint Andrews, Primate and Metropolitan of Scotland, who now governs the See. The present Chapter of Saint Andrews (the old one being dissolved with the Priory in the time of the Reformation) had its beginning Anno 1606. by Act of Parliament, and consists of the persons following: The Prior of Portmollock, Dean; The Archdeacon of Saint Andrews; The Vicar of Saint Andrews; Couper; Craill; Dysert; Kircaldy; Pittenweem; Lewchars; kinkel; Dearsie; Fordun; Kennoway; Merkinch; Abercromby; Forgund; Fowlis; Rossie; Balmerino; Longforgund; The Vicar of Eglisgreig; and others, to the number of twenty four. The Cathedral, which was an ancient and magnificent Fabric, was demolished with the Priory; since which time the Parish-Church serves for one. The Diocese of Saint Andrews contains the whole Country of Fife, part of Perthshire, and part of Angus and Mernis. The Coat of Arms belonging to the Archiepiscopal See of Saint Andrews, is Saphir, a Saltier (being the Cross of Saint Andrew the Apostle) Pearl. Bishops of EDINBURGH. THE Bishopric of Edinburgh was founded by King CHARLES the First of glorious Memory, about the year 1633. and by him amply endowed. The first Bishop thereof was William Forbes, Doctor of Divinity, one of the Preachers in Edinburgh, (before, Principal of the Marischal College of Aberdene,) a very worthy Person. His Works show him to have been a man of vast Learning and sound Judgement. He sat but a little while, and died at Edinburgh about the year 1634. Upon his death, David Lindsay, Bishop of Brichen, was translated to Edinburgh. The Fury of the rude Multitude fell heavy upon this Bishop, even to the manifest danger and hazard of his Life, upon the first reading of the Book of Common-Prayer in Edinburgh, July 1637. He was thrust out, with the rest of the Bishops, by the Covenanters, 1638. George Wishart, Doctor of Divinity, was, upon the Restitution of the Hierarchy, Anno 1662. promoted to the Bishopric of Edinburgh. This worthy man was 1638. Preacher at Leith, and for his Loyalty had very hard measure from the Covenanters, being thrice plundered of all that he had, and thrice imprisoned in a filthy stinking Gaol. But being delivered from thence, he went beyond Sea with the Marquis of Montross 1646. He was a person of great integrity, and well seen in History. Having in his time seen many Changes and Alterations, from better to worse, and from worse to better, he had his Nunc dimittis in peace, at Edinburgh, Anno 1670. Upon his death, Alexander Young, Archdeacon of Saint Andrews, was preferred to the Bishopric of Edinburgh, who now governs the See. The Cathedral-Church is that of Saint Giles, (of old a Collegiate Church,) a vast and magnificent Structure. It is at present divided into four Partitions, three whereof are allotted to God's public Worship. The Diocese of Edinburgh containeth the Shires of Edinburgh, Linlithgow, and Berwick, the Constabulary of Haddington, and Bailiary of Lawderdail. Bishops of DUNKELD. AFter the death of Bishop Robert Creighton, James Patton was preferred Bishop of Dunkeld, Anno 1572. How long he sat I know not. After whose death, the Bishopric had one or two Titulars, Laymen; but I cannot recover their Names. About the year 1606. James Nicolson, Parson of Meigle, was preferred to the See. To whom succeeded Alexander Lindsay, (Brother to the Baron of Evelick,) rector of Saint Madoe. This Bishop being threatened with the Censures of the Assembly of Glasgow, did abjure Episcopacy, and submitted to Presbyterian Government, 1639, and betook himself to the charge of a particular Parish. Anno 1662. George Halyburton, Preacher at Perth, was preferred to the See; a very worthy person: he sat little above two years. Upon his death, Henry Guthry, rector of— was promoted to the Bishopric of Dunkeld, who died in the year 1676. The Chapter of Dunkeld consists of the persons following: The rector of Kinelevin, Dean; Tibbermure, Cantor; Couper, Archdeacon; Lethindy, Chancellor; Dunkeld, Thesaurer; The Parson of Rattray, Subdean; The rector of Fungart; The Parson of Ruffill; Kepit-mack in Athol; The rector of Inch-mack-grannoch; Logy-Alachie; The Parson of Moneidy; The rector of Blair in Athol; Eliot; The Prebendary of Fearn; Menmure; Aberdaigy. I can give no account of the Cathedral-Church, in what condition it stands at present, seeing I never saw it, nor had any information concerning it. The Diocese of Dunkeld contains the most part of Perthshire, part of Angus, and part of West-Lothian. Bishops of ABERDENE. THE Bishopric of Aberdene suffered very much by Bishop William Gordon; for he alienated the Profits thereof, and in a short time brought the Revenues of that See almost to nothing. And indeed this Benefice was at his death scarce worth the accepting. About the year 1579. David Cunninghame, Parson of Saint Nicolas, was preferred to the See. This Bishop was a grave, learned, and wise man; employed by King James the Sixth in an Embassy to the King of Denmark, and the Princes of Germany, wherein the Bishop did faithfully discharge his trust, to his great commendation. He died about the year 1603. Unto him succeeded Peter Blackburn, rector of Saint Nicolas, who governed the See about twelve years, and dying Anno 1615. was buried in Saint Nicolas Church in New Aberdene. Upon whose death, Alexander Forbes, (of the House of Ardmurdo,) Bishop of Cathnes, was translated to Aberdene. He sat little above three years, and dying Anno 1618. was buried in the Cathedral-Church. To him succeeded, upon King James' Nomination, and the Chapter's Election, Patrick Forbes of Corse. This worthy man, at the earnest importunity of the Bishops of Aberdene and Murray, did enter into Orders in the forty eighth year of his age, An. 1612. and was preferred to the Benefice of Keath in Strath-Yla; in which station he continued six years: and after the death of Bishop Alexander Forbes, at the importunity both of the Clergy and Laiety, he did accept of the Bishopric of Aberdene. He was in great esteem and favour with King James and King Charles, being Privy Counsellor to both Kings. In his old age he was much troubled with the Palsy. Seventeen years did he faithfully and wisely govern the See, and died in his house in Old Aberdene 1635. in the seventy first year of his age, being interred in the South Isle of the Cathedral-Church, near the Sepulchre of Bishop Gawan Dumbar. His Commentary upon the Revelations, and a Discourse of the Ministerial Office, do show his Learning and Judgement. Upon his death, Adam Bannatyn, Bishop of Dumblane, was translated to Aberdene, who being thrust out by the Covenanters, retired into England, where he died shortly after. His house in Old Aberdene, for magnificence in all things like a Palace, was plundered by a Regiment of the Covenanters, and afterwards quite demolished by the English Usurpers. Several Learned and Worthy men, in the Diocese of Aberdene, were at this time thrust out of their Livings. The most considerable were, John Forbes of Corse, Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the King's College of Aberdene; Robert Baron, Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the Marischal College of Aberdene; William Leslie, Doctor of Divinity, Principal or Warden of the King's College of Aberdene; Alexander Scroggie, Doctor of Divinity, Minister in Old Aberdene; Patrick Dune, Doctor of Physic, Principal of the Marischal College of Aberdene; Alexander Ross, Doctor of Divinity, Parson of Saint Nicolas; James Sibbald, Doctor of Divinity, Minister in Aberdene; John Forbes, Parson of Auchterless; Andrew Logie, Parson of Rain; John Ross, Parson of Birse; John Gregory, rector of Drummaok; John Logie, rector of Raphan; Thomas Thoires, Minister at Vdny. After the Restauration of the Hierarchy, His most Sacred Majesty, King CHARLES the Second, preferred David Mitchel (one of the Prebendaries of Westminster) to the Bishopric of Aberdene. This worthy man was Anno 1638. one of the Preachers of Edinburgh; and being thrust out by the Assembly of Glasgow, retired into England. He lived not a whole year after his Consecration: he died in Old Aberdene, and was interred in the South Isle of the Cathedral-Church, 1663. To him succeeded Alexander Burnet, rector of— in the County of Kent; who sat little above a year, being translated to Glasgow, which was then void by the death of Archbishop Fairfoul. Upon this Translation, Anno 1664. the Reverend Patrick Scougal, Parson of Salton, was promoted to the Bishopric of Aberdene; who is yet alive, and governs the See wisely and piously. The Chapter of Aberdene consists of the persons following: Since the Rectory of Saint Machar was annexed to the King's College, the Principal thereof is Dean; The Parson of Auchterless, Cantor; rain, Archdeacon; Birse, Chancellor; Daviot, Thesaurer; The rector of Saint Peter, Subcantor; The Parson of kinkel, who is the Patron of seven Churches, kinkel, Drumblait, Monkeigie, Kintor, Kemnay, Kinnellar, and Dice; The Parson of Morthlick; The rector of Monimusk; Kincairden of neil; The rector of Turreff; Belbelvies; Banchory-Devoneif; Logie-Buchan; The Parson of Clatt; Methlick; Innernochty; The rector of Coldstane; The Parson of Oyn; Crowdan; Tillinessill; Forbes; Phillorth; Lonmay; The Prebendary of Deir; Ellen. The Cathedral of Aberdene, dedicated to Saint Macbar, was founded by Bishop Kinninmouth, who died before the work was raised six cubits high, Anno 1370, Bishop Leighton, 1430, built Saint John's Isle, laid the foundation of the great Steeple, and of the two lesser Steeples, and advanced the Fabric mightily. The Roof was laid on, and the Floor paved with freestone, by Bishop Lindsay, Anno 1445. Bishop Spence adorned the Chancel with many brave Ornaments 1460. Bishop Elphingston did perfect the great Steeple, (which was a mark for Sailours in those days,) and furnished it with costly and tuneable Bells, 1489. Bishop Dumbar did perfect the two lesser Steeples, cieled the Church, and built the South-Isle, 1522. And his Successor, Bishop Stewart, built the Consistory-house Anno 1539. This glorious Structure (being near ninescore years in building) did not remain twenty years in its integrity, when it was almost ruined by a Crew of sacrilegious Church-robbers: for Anno 1560. the Barons of Mernis, accompanied with some of the Townsmen of Aberdene, having demolished the Monasteries of the Black and Grey Friars, fell to rob the Cathedral, which they spoilt of all its costly Ornaments and Jewels, and demolished the Chancel. Having shipped the Lead, Bells, and other Utensils, intending to expose them to sale in Holland, all this illgotten Wealth sunk (by the just Judgement of God upon Sacrilege) not far from the Gridle-Ness. The body of the Cathedral was preserved from utter ruin by the Earl of Huntly. Afterwards, An. 1607. the Church was repaired, and covered with Slate, at the charge of the Parish, and so continues yet in pretty good repair. The Diocese of Aberdene contains the Shire of Aberdene, most part of Bamff-shire, and part of Mernis. Bishops of MURRAY. AFter the death of Bishop Patrick Hepburn, this Benefice was conferred upon Alexander Lindsay, Lord Spiny, who possessed it many years; so that the See continued vacant till about the year 1606, at which time Alexander Douglas, Parson of Elgin, was promoted to the Bishopric. How long he sat, I cannot learn. His Successor was John Guthry, one of the Preachers in Edinburgh; in whose time fell out our second Reformation. Most of the Bishops left their Bishoprics, having wisely withdrawn themselves into England, to avoid the Storm which threatened them; whereas this Bishop stayed at home till his Bishopric left him. Being thrust from his Benefice by the Covenanters, he retired to his ancient Inheritance of Guthry in Angus, where he lived very contentedly and hospitably, exercising his Charity amongst the Poor. He died much lamented, during our Civil Wars. Anno 1662. Murdo Mackenzie, rector of Elgin, was preferred Bishop of Murray, who now governs the See. The Cathedral-Church of Elgin, founded by Andrew Bishop of Murray, 1230. was one of the rarest Monuments that this Kingdom afforded, equal almost to Saint Paul's in London (as I am informed) in length, but surpassing it in breadth. It was demolished at the Reformation, yet some of the stately Ruins are still to be seen and admired. The Parish-Church, dedicated to Saint Peter, was (as I am informed) founded by George the second Earl of Huntly, about the year 1490. The Diocese of Murray contains the Shires of Elgin, Nairn, and part of Innernes and Bamff-Shires. Bishops of BRICHEN. BIshop Sinclair's Successor in the See of Brichen was one campbel, Cousin to the Earl of Argile, about the year 1567. How long he sat, I cannot learn. Anno 16— Andrew Lamb, rector of Burnt-Island, was preferred to the See, and afterwards translated to Galloway, then void by the death of Bishop William Cowper. Upon this Translation, Anno 1619. David Lindsay, Parson of Dundee, was promoted to the Bishopric of Brichen: he was translated to Edinburgh 1634. Unto whom succeeded Walter Whitfurd, (of the House of Milnton,) rector of— who was outed by the Covenanters 1639. and his house plundered. Anno 1662. David Straughan, Parson of Fettercairn, was preferred Bishop of Brichen, He sat nine years, and dying 1671. was buried in the Cathedral-Church. His Successor was Robert Lowry, Dean of Edinburgh, who now governs the See. The Cathedral-Church of Brichen is a pretty handsome Fabric: it hath on the Southside a small Steeple, not unlike the Monument on Fish-street-hill, London, save that it is broader at the top then at the bottom; by whom built, I cannot learn. The Chancel was demolished by our first Reformers. The Diocese of Brichen contains part of Angus and Mernis. Bishops of DUMBLANE. ABout the year 1572. Andrew Grhame, Uncle to the Earl of Montross, was preferred Bishop of Dumblane. — and translated to Orkney 1615. To whom succeeded Adam Bannatyn of Kilconqhuar, rector of Fawkirk, who governed the See till Anno 1635. at which time he was translated to Aberdene, then void by the death of Bishop Patrick Forbes. His Successor was James Wedderburn, Professor of Divinity in Saint Andrews, who was thrust out by the Covenanters 1639. Anno 1662. Robert Leighton, Principal of the College of Edinburgh, was promoted to the Bishopric of Dumblane. He was a man of singular and wonderful Piety, of great Learning; and in him most of the eminent Virtues we admire in the Primitive Bishops seemed to be revived. His Life was most exemplary and severe, he preached constantly, and seemed like one in heaven when he preached: his Humility was astonishing; his Meekness and Charity were extraordinary; his expense on himself very small, but all he had he laid out on the poor: he was very tender of all the concerns of his Clergy, and by his excellent deportment, and heavenly discourses, did much edify and instruct them all: and he studied by the most gentle methods possible to overcome the peevishness of the Schismatics; but all was in vain, for they became more insolent and stubborn. He was translated to Glasgow 1670. Upon which Translation, James Ramsay, Dean of Glasgow, was preferred to the See, now living 1676. The Bishop of Dumblane is always Dean of the King's Chapel Royal. The Diocese of Dumblane contains part of Perth and Striveling-shires. Bishops of ROSS. JOhn Leslie, Doctor of the Canon Law, and one of the Senators of the College of Justice, (before Canonist in the King's College, and Official of Aberdene,) was, upon the death of Bishop Sinclair, preferred to the Bishopric of Ross 1564. He was a person of great Integrity, and a faithful servant to Queen Mary in the time of her Troubles. He wrote the History of his Nation, together with a Description of the Kingdom. He died at Brussels in Flanders 1596. To him succeeded Anno 1599 David Lindsay, (of the House of Edyell,) Preacher at Leith, a worthy, pious, and learned Prelate. He sat— years, and dying 161— was buried in the Parish-Church of Leith. After his death, Patrick Lindsay, Parson of Saint Vigens in Angus, was preferred to the See, who being translated to Glasgow, Anno 1635. left for his Successor John Maxwell, one of the Preachers of Edinburgh, a very Learned man, a great Preacher, and of excellent parts; but was generally censured for meddling too much in Civil affairs, and for being too violent, which was thought a great occasion of the Troubles that followed. He was thrust out by the Covenanters Anno 1639. and afterwards much prosecuted by them as an Incendiary. Anno 1662. John Paterson, Preacher in Aberdene, was promoted to the Bishopric of Ross, who now governs the See. The Cathedral of Chanonry (where the Bishop of Ross his Seat is) was demolished by our first Reformers; some part whereof (as I am informed) is lately rebuilt. The Diocese of Ross hath under its Jurisdiction the Shires of Tayn, Cromarty, and the greatest part of Innernes-shire. Bishops of CATHNES. AFter the death of Bishop Robert Stewart 1586. the See continued vacant till the year 1599 at which time George Gladstanes, Preacher in Saint Andrews, was preferred Bishop of Cathnes. He was translated to Saint Andrews about the year 1606. Unto whom succeeded Alexander Forbes, rector of Fettercairn in Mernis, who was translated to Aberdene, then void by the death of Bishop Peter Blackburn, 1615. Upon this Translation, John Abernethy was promoted to the See, a Learned and worthy Prelate, thrust out by the Covenanters 1639. Upon the Restitution of Hierarchy, 1662. Patrick Forbes was preferred to the See, now living, 1676. The Diocese of Cathnes (whereof Dornoch in Sutherland is the Bishop's Seat) contains the Shires of Cathnes and Sutherland. I can give no account of the Cathedral, having neither seen it, nor received any information concerning it. Bishops of ORKNEY. ABout the year 1565. Adam Bothwell was preferred to the Bishopric of Orkney, and deposed 1568. for marrying Queen Mary to the Earl of Bothwell, but was the year after restored. He exchanged his Bishopric of Orkney (with Robert Stewart, one of the base Sons of King James the Fifth,) for the Abbey of Holy-rood-house; by which means he became a Senator of the College of Justice, and a Temporal Lord, being the Ancestor of the Lord Holy-rood-house. Upon this Exchange, Robert Stewart became Bishop of Orkney, and afterwards (upon the Forfeiture of James Hepburn Earl of Bothwell, and the obtaining of these Isles for a Temporal Estate,) sole Lord of the Country, being created Earl of Orkney 1581. About the year 1606. James Law was Bishop of Orkney, and translated to Glasgow 1615. To Bishop Law succeeded Andrew Grahame, Bishop of Dumblane. How long he sat, I cannot learn. George Grahame was after him preferred Bishop of Orkney. This Bishop being terrified with the Censures of the Assembly of Glasgow, did abjure Episcopacy, and submitted to Presbyterian Government, betaking himself to the charge of a particular Parish, 1638. Hereupon King Charles the First did promote Robert Baron, Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the Marischal College of Aberdene, to the Bishopric. This Learned and worthy man having incensed the Covenanters, by expressing his Loyalty so publicly in the Disputes between the Doctors of Aberdene, and Mr. Henderson, Mr. Dickson, and Mr. Cant, the three great Champions for the Covenant, was forced to flee to Berwick, where he died shortly after, before his Consecration. Anno 1662. Thomas Sydserfe, Bishop of Galloway, the only Bishop then alive of all those who had been outed by the Covenanters, was translated to Orkney. He sat but a few years, and died Anno 1663. Unto whom succeeded Andrew Honniman, a learned and pious man, and a good Preacher. This Bishop accompanying the Archbishop of Saint Andrews at Edinburgh, received a wound in the Arm by Pistol-shot, aimed at the Archbishop by an obscure fellow, 1668. He died Anno 1676. and was buried at Kirkwall in the Cathedral-Church. The Diocese of Orkney hath under its Jurisdiction all the Northern Isles of Orkney and Schetland. Archbishops of GLASGOW. UPon the death of Archbishop Gavin Dumbar, Anno 1552. James Beaton, of the House of Balfour in Fife, was preferred to the See. This Prelate, being attainted of Treason, went into France, carrying with him all the Ornaments, Plate and Writings of the Church of Glasgow, which he put into the hands of the Carthusians in Paris, to be restored when Scotland became Popish again. Anno 1572. James Boyd, of Trochrig, was promoted to the Bishopric; a wise, worthy and Religious Prelate. He died 1578. and was interred in the sepulchre of Bishop Dumbar. Unto whom succeeded Robert Montgomery, Preacher at Striveling; who being much vexed by the Kirk-men, was glad, for peace sake, to betake himself to the Charge of a particular Parish in Kile, 1587. resigning his Bishopric in favour of William Erskine, Parson of Campsey, who enjoyed it but a short time: For Archbishop Beaton was by King James the Sixth restored. He was a person honourably disposed, faithful to Queen Mary, while she lived, and to King James, whose Ambassador he was, a Lover of his Country, and liberal, according to his means, to all his Countrymen. He died 1603. a full Jubilee of years from his Consecration. After his death, John Spotiswood, Parson of Calder, was preferred Archbishop of Glasgow. He sat twelve years, and was translated to Saint Andrews, 1615. Hereupon James Law, Bishop of Orkney, was translated to Glasgow, who dying Anno 1635. Patrick Lindsay, Bishop of Ross, was preferred to the See, and outed by the Covenanters Anno 1638. The first Archbishop after the Restitution of the Hierarchy was Andrew Fairfoul, Preacher in Dunce, who sat little above a year. Upon whose death, Anno 1664. Alexander Burnet, Bishop of Aberdene, was translated to Glasgow, and outed 1669. and Robert Leighton, Bishop of Dumblane, preferred to the See, who resigning Anno 1674. Archbishop Burnet was restored, and now governs the See. The Cathedral of Glasgow, a very magnificent Structure, was built by Bishop John Achtian 1135. It oweth thanks to the memory of King James the Sixth for its preservation from utter ruin. For the Ministers of Glasgow persuaded the Magistrates to pull it down, and to build two or three Churches with the materials thereof: the Magistrates condescending, a day is appointed, and workmen ready to demolish it. The Crafts or Tradesmen, having notice given them of this design, convene in Arms, and oppose the Magistrates, threatening to bury the workmen under the ruins of that ancient Building. Whereupon the matter is referred to the King and Council, who decided the Controversy in the Tradesmens favours, reproving the Magistrates very sharply. The Diocese of Glasgow contains the Counties or Shires of Dumbarton, Ranfrew, Air, Lanerick, part of the Shires of Roxburgh, Dumfreis, Peeblis and Selkirk. Bishops of GALLOWAY. ABout the year 1606. Gavin Hamilton was Bishop of Galloway, a very worthy person. His Successor, Anno 1614 was William Cowper, Preacher at Perth, a Learned and pious Prelate: he died 1619. of whom see the former History, page 540. Upon whose death, Andrew Lamb, Bishop of Brichen, was translated to Galloway. How long he sat, I cannot learn. After him, Thomas Sydserfe was preferred to the See, a learned and worthy Prelate: he was outed by the Covenanters 1638. and upon the Restitution of the Episcopal Estate, Anno 1662. translated to Orkney. About which time James Hamilton, rector of Cambusnethan, was promoted to the Bishopric. Unto whom succeeded Anno 1674. John Paterson, Dean of Edinburgh, who now governs the See. The Diocese of Galloway hath under its Jurisdiction the Shire of Wigton, Stewartry of Kirkubright, Regality of Glenluce, and part of Dumfreis-shire. Bishops of ARGILE. AFter George Laird of Balcomie, (who is the last Bishop of Argile mentioned by our Reverend Author in his Second Book,) I meet with some who have been Bishops before the Reformation. The first was Robert Montgomery, one of the Sons of Hugh the first Earl of Eglington. Then, one campbel, who spoilt the Benefice, about the time of the Reformation. After the Reformation, there was one Kerswell Bishop of Argile: how long he governed the See, I cannot learn. To him succeeded— Boyd. [See the Addenda.] To whom succeeded James Fairley, who was thrust out by the Covenanters 1638. and afterwards renounced his Bishopric, and accepted a private Charge. Anno 1662.— Fletcher, rector of— was preferred to the See; who dying Anno 1665. William Scrowgie, Parson of Rapban in Aberdeneshire, was preferred to the place. He governed the See nine years, and died at Dumbritton Anno 1675. Unto him succeeded Arthur Ross, Parson of Glasgow, who now governs the See. The Diocese of Argile contains the Countries of Argile, Lorn, Kintire, and Lochabyr, with some of the West Isles, such as Lismore, etc. Bishops of the ISLES. ABout the year 1606, Andrew Knox, rector of Pasley, was preferred to the See. How long he sat, I know not. His Successor was John Knox, rector of— How long he governed the See, I cannot learn. Anno 162— John Leslie was Bishop of the Isles, and after translated to the Bishopric of Rapbo, in the Province of Armagh in Ireland. To him succeeded Anno 162— Neil campbel, rector of— who was thrust out by the Covenanters 1638. Since the Restauration of Bishops, Robert Wallace, rector of Barnwell in the Sheriffdom of Air, was made Bishop of this See. He governed it seven years, and died An. 1669. and the See hath been void ever since. EVery Bishop hath under him an Official or Commissary, who is Judge of the Spiritual Court within his Diocese. Unto this Court are referred matters of Testaments, Bastardy, Divorce, Tithes, Perjury, etc. and many Civil cases. It sits in the Months of November, December, January, February, June, and July. Commissaries of Scotland. Sir David Falconer of Glenfarqbuar, Henry Fowlis, James Aikenbeid, John Wishart, Commissaries of Edinburgh. John Lindsay, Official of Saint Andrews. Sir William fleming, Official of Glasgow. John Stewart, Commissary of Dunkeld. John Scougall, Commissary of Aberdene. Alexander Mackenzie, Official of Murray. George Paterson, Commissary of Ross. James Straughan, Commissary of Brichen. James Inns, Official of Cathnes. — Monro, Commissary of— William Scrougie, Commissary of Argile. The Officials of Dumblane. Galloway. Orkney. The Isles. HAving given an account of the Succession of the Bishops in their several Sees, let us take a short view of the several Courts, subordinate to them, wherein is exercised Ecclesiastical Discipline. The First and Lowest (which is in every Parish) is called the Session. It consists of the chief and most grave men of the Parish, who are termed Elders and Deacons. In this small Court (whereof the Minister is Precedent) all Fornicatours, Adulterers, Blasphemers, Swearers, Prophaners of the Lord's-day, etc. are convented, and put to make public Confessions of their Sins, and Professions of their Repentance, according to the degree or heinousness of them. For Fornication, they make public Confession in the Church three several Lords-days; in the last of which they receive Absolution. For an Adultery, they make their Profession of Repentance, for half a year, every Lord's-day; and for six Lords-days they stand in sackcloth at the Church-door half an hour before Morning-prayers: and then in the end receive Absolution. And for other Faults, they do penance according to their several degrees. The Deacon's Office is, to collect the Money for the use of the Poor, to delate Delinquents, etc. And that of the Elder is, to be careful of the Fabric of the Church, to assist in the censuring scandalous persons, and to wait on the Minister at the Celebration of the Lord's Supper, etc. This Court sitteth once a week. The number of the Parishes in Scotland is uncertain: I conjecture them to be about a Thousand. The Next Court is called the Presbytery, consisting of twelve or twenty Ministers, more or less. That sits once in two or three weeks. The Moderator or Precedent thereof is chosen by the Bishop. In this Court are discussed Appeals from Sessions, and other difficult cases. Here are convented all those who refuse to submit to Church-Discipline, and all such as apostatise to Popery or Quakerism; who, if they remain obstinate, are prosecuted with the Censures of the Church. Here also all such as enter into Holy Orders are examined, and an account taken of their Learning, and other Qualifications, in a course of many several Trials; as making Homilies, Sermons, and Common-places; which hold two or three months: and then they are returned to the Bishop well qualified, who upon that proceeds to ordain them. Presbyteries of SCOTLAND. The Presbyteries of Dunce, Chirnside, Kelso, Ersilton, Jedburgh, Melross Dumbar, Haddington, Dalkeith, Edinburgh, Peeblis, Linlithgow, Perth, Dunkeld, Auchterardor, Striveling, Dumblane, Dumfreis, Penpont, Lochmabane, Middlebie, Wigton, Kirkubright, Stranraver, Aire, Irwing, Pasley Dumbarton, Glasgow, Hamilton, Lanerick, Biggar, Dunnune, Kinloch, Inneraray, Kilmoir, Skye, Saint Andrews, Kirkaldy, Cowper, Dumfermling, Meegle, Dundee, Arbroath, Forfair, Brichen, Mernis, Aberdene, Kincairden, Alford, Gareoch, Deir, Turreff, Fordyce, elon, Strathbogy, Abernethie, Elgin, Forress, Aberlower, Chanrie, Ta'en, Dingwell, Dornoch, Week, Thirso, Kirkwall, Scalloway, Colmkill. A Third Court (whereof the Bishop is Precedent) is the Provincial Assembly, or Synod. In this Court are discussed all Appeals from Presbyteries, and all other difficult cases. From hence are issued Warrants for visiting of Churches. Here also the Lives of Scandalous Ministers are tried, who, if found guilty of crimes laid to their charge, are either deposed, suspended, or excommunicated. The Sentence of Excommunication cannot be pronounced against an obstinate person but after a long Process of near a years continuance, and many Citations, and much pains to bring the Scandalous person (against whom only it is denounced) to a due sense of his Sins, and a willingness to submit to the Censures of the Church: and then it must be ratified and approved by the Bishop. The Provincial Synod meets twice in the year, in April, and October. The Highest Ecclesiastical Court is the General Assembly; which, as its Constitution and Authority was settled in King James' Minority, was made up of two Ministers Commissioners from every Presbytery, and one Lay-Elder, a Commissioner from every Royal Burrough, one from every University, and one from the King. These had the Supreme Authority about all Church-matters; and how much trouble they bred King James, 3. Sess. 1. Par. Car. 2. the former History has fully discovered. A shadow of this still remains: for the Supreme Ecclesiastical Court is declared to be a National Synod made up of Bishops and Deans, and two Members from every Presbytery, one of whom is of the Bishop's nomination, and a Commissioner from every University. But nothing is to be proposed but by the King or His Commissioner: nor can any thing that they do be of any force, till it be ratified by the King. But as the calling of this Synod is wholly in the Crown, so there is little need of it, since the King's Supremacy is so large, that He needs not their concurrence, to add their Authority to any thing that He shall think fit to do about Church-affairs. The Bishops of Scotland take their places thus: Saint Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Galloway; the rest according to the Seniority of their Consecrations. CHAP. II. Containing a short account of the several ORDERS of RELIGIOUS PERSONS in SCOTLAND, together with a Catalogue of their Convents, suppressed at the Reformation. IN the Infancy of Christianity, when Persecution was grown so hot, that most Cities and populous Places were visited therewith, many Godly men fled into Deserts, there to live with more safety, and serve God with less disturbance. These were called MONKS. from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, solus, because living alone by themselves. Their Houses were either Caves, Grots, or little Cells; what would Hide and Heat, Cover and Keep warm, served them for clothes; Herbs and Roots were their Diet, and Water their Drink. In these Solitary places they spent their lives constantly in Prayer, Reading, Meditating, and such like pious employments. They vowed no Poverty, Chastity, or Obedience. Thus continued they during the heat of Persecution; and when Peace was restored, they returned to their former Dwellings, resuming their Callings, which they had not left off, but for a time laid aside. Afterwards there sprung up another sort of Monks leading a solitary life, when no Persecution forced them thereunto. These considering the inconstancy of humane affairs, that though they had Prosperity for the present, it might be soon changed into a contrary condition, if either the restless endeavours of Satan took effect, or sinful Christians were rewarded according to their deserts, and prompted also thereunto by their own Melancholic dispositions, chose a loan life, and lived in Deserts. Afterwards they were gathered together to live under one Roof, because their Company would be cheerful in Health, and needful in Sickness one to another. They sustained themselves by their Labour, (for every one had a Calling whereby to gain his Livelihood,) and relieved others by their Charity; and very strict were they in their Lives and Conversations. But afterwards, Monks having sufficiency turned lazy, then getting waxed wanton, and at last endowed with superfluity became notoriously vicious; and so they continued till they were finally extirpated. Thus much concerning their Original: proceed we next to their several Orders. The first are the Benedictines or Black Monks, so called from Saint Benedict or Bennet, an Italian, (who flourished about the year 500). first Father and Founder of that Order. The Benedictines and Augustinians came into Scotland about one time. Their Convents. 1. The Abbey of Icolmkill, in the Isle Jona, founded by Saint Columba, about the year 590. 2. The Abbey of Dumfermling, in Fife, founded by Saint David the First, King of Scotland, about the year 1130. The Church whereof was built by King Malcolm the Third, and was, for several hundreds of years, the Sepulchre of the Scotish Kings. This Abbey was, at the Reformation, annexed to the Crown. 3. The Abbey of Saint Colme, in Inch-Colme in the River Forth, founded by King Alexander the First, about the year 1120. 4. The Abbey of Aberbrothock or Arbroath, in Angus, founded by King William, 1178. This was the richest of our Scotish Abbeys. At the Reformation it was conferred upon James, Duke of Chattelrault and Earl of Arran, who gave it to his second Son Lord John Hamilton. At this day it is in the possession of the Earl of Panmure, and the stately ruins thereof are yet to be seen. 5. The Priory of Vrqhuart, in Murray, founded by King Alexander the Third, 126— A Cell belonging to Dumfermling. 6. The Priory of Coldinghame, in the Mers, founded by Edgar King of Scots, 1106. A Cell belonging to Durham in England. 7. The Monastery of South-Berwick, founded by King David the First. 8. The Monastery of Three wells, or Trefontana, in Lamermoor on the Borders of Lothian, founded by the Countess of March. A Cell belonging to South-Berwick. 9 The Monastery of Kilconqhuar, in Galloway, founded by Ethred (or rather Fergus) Lord of Galloway. The Cluniacks are Benedictines sifted through a finer fierce, with some additionals invented and imposed upon them by Odo Abbot of Clugny or Cluni in Burgundy, who flourished Anno 913. Their Convents. 1. The Abbey of Pasley, in Ranfrewshire, founded by Alexander the great Steward of Scotland, 12—. The Monks whereof wrote a History of the Nation. At the Reformation it was bestowed upon Claud Hamilton, third Son to the Duke of Chattelrault. 2. The Abbey of Rewls-Cross, or Corsraguel, in Carrict, founded by Thomas Earl of Carrict, 126—. The Cistercians are so called from Robert Abbot of Cisteaux in Burgundy, who Anno 1088. did the second time refine the drossy Benedictines. Their Convents. 1. The Abbey of Sanudell, in Kintyre, founded by Saint Cowl Milicora. What this Founder was, I know not. 2. The Abbey of Souls-Seat, Sedes Animarum, in Galloway, was founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway. 3. The Abbey of Dundrennan, in Galloway, was founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway. 4. The Abbey of Melross, in Teviotdail, founded by King David the First. 5. The Abbey of Newbottle, in Lothian, founded by King David the First. 6. The Abbey of Culross, in Clackmannan-shire, founded by Malcolm Mackduff, Earl of Fife. 7. The Abbey of Glenluce, in Galloway, founded by Rolland Lord of Galloway. 8. The Abbey of Sweetheart, Dulcis Cordis, or New Abbey, in Galloway, founded by Dornogilla, Daughter of Alan Lord of Galloway, and Wife to John Balliol. 9 The Abbey of Balmerino, in Fife, founded by Emergards, Wife to King William. 10. The Abbey of Deir, in Buchan, founded by William Cummin Earl of Buchan, 1218. 11. The Abbey of Cowper, in Angus, founded by King David the First. 12. The Abbey of Kelso, in Teviotdail, founded by King David the First. 13. The Priory of Machlein, in Kile. A Cell belonging to the Abbey of Melross. 14. The Monastery of Elcho, in Strath-Jern, founded by David Lindsay, Ancestor to the Earls of Crawfurd. The Monks of the Order of the Valley of Reeds, Vallis Caulium, are a Branch of the Reformed Cistercians, whose Institutions, both in Habit, Diet, Divine Offices, etc. they punctually observe; but with greater strictness, confining themselves to much narrower Bills. They possess very mean Revenues, being wholly intent upon their Devotions; and may not go without the bounds of the Monastery, it being only lawful for the Prior and one of the Order to go abroad upon necessary occasions, and to visit the Monasteries under their charge. They are daily employed in dressing the Gardens of Fruits and Herbs, which are within the bounds of the Monastery, and improved for the use of it. This Order had four Convents in Scotland. 1. The Priory of Ardehattan, in Lorn, founded by Duncan Mackowle of Lorn. 2. The Priory of Lismehago, in Clidisdail, founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway. 3. The Priory of Bewley, in Ross, founded by John Lord Bisset. 4. The Priory of Pluscardy, in Murray, founded by King Alexander the Second: the Monks whereof did write a Scotish Chronicle. It was afterwards turned into a Convent of Black Monks. The Augustinians are older in Europe then the Benedictines. These do observe the Institutions of Saint Augustine Bishop of Hippo, who was Saint Bennets Senior by sixty years. The Augustinians are also called Regular Canons. Their Convents in Scotland were, 1. The Abbey of Jedburgh, in Teviotdail, founded by King David the First. 2. The Abbey of Holy-rood-house, in Lothian, adjoining to the Canon-gate in Edinburgh, founded by King David the First. This Abbey is now one of the King's Palaces. 3. The Abbey of Cambuskeneth, in Strivelingshire, founded by King David the First. 4. The Abbey of Inchassray, in Strath-Jern, founded by Gilbert Earl of Strath-Jern. 5. The Abbey of Scoon, in Gowry, founded by Alexander the First, King of Scotland. 6. The Priory of Crusa, in the West Isles, founded by Saint Columba. 7. The Priory of Omistai, in the West Isles, founded by Saint Columba. 8. The Priory of Holy-Cross, at Peeblis in Tweedail, founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway. 9 The Priory of Saint Mary Isle, in Galloway. A Cell pertaining to the Abbey of Holy-rood-house. 10. The Priory of Saint Colonor's Isle, in Menteith, founded by Edgar King of Scotland. 11. The Priory of Saint Andrews, in Fife, founded by King Alexander the First, 1122. It is annexed to the Archbishopric of Saint Andrews. 12. The Priory of May, in the Mouth of Forth. A Cell belonging to Saint Andrews. 13. The Priory of Pittenweem, in Fife. A Cell belonging to Saint Andrews. 14. The Priory of Monimusk, in Mar. A Cell belonging to the Priory of Saint Andrews. 15. The Priory of Restennot, in Angus. A Cell belonging to the Abbey of Jedburgh. 16. The Priory of Straphillan, in Athol, founded by King Robert the First, 132—. 17. The Priory of Blantyre, in Clidisdail. A Cell belonging to the Abbey of Jedburgh. 18. The Priory of Portmollock, in Loch-Leiven in Fife. A Cell belonging to the Priory of Saint Andrews. It is annexed to Saint Leonard's College. 19 The Priory of Loch-Tay, in Broad Albain. The Order of the Praemonstratenses was founded by Norbert, born at Colein, and afterwards, as is said, Archbishop of Memberg. He is said to have done it at the Command of the Blessed Virgin, who appeared to him; whereupon with some Companions he retired into a desolate place called Praemonstratum, (thence comes the Title of the Order;) where they settled their Society, Anno 1120. They are under the Rule of Saint Augustine, which they tell us Norbert in a Vision immediately received at the hand of Saint Augustine himself. The Habit of their Order is a White Garment, and over that a White Cloak or Mantle, with a Cowl upon their head of the same Colour. The Monks of this Order had five Convents in Scotland. 1. The Abbey of Tungland, in Galloway, founded by Alan Lord of Galloway. 2. The Abbey of Holy-wood, in Nithisdail. 3. The Abbey of Dryburgh, in Teviotdail, founded by Hugh Morvil, High Constable of Scotland. 4. The Abbey of Ferne, in Ross, founded by Ferqbuard Earl of Ross. This Abbey is annexed to the Bishopric of Ross. 5. The Priory of Whiteborn, in Galloway, founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway. The Tironenses (as I conceive) are not a distinct Order of Monks, but rather young Novices, or freshwater Monks. In a Catalogue of the Religious Houses in Scotland, which I have by me, I find some styled or termed Ordinis Tironensis; which if it were written Turonensis, it would relate to Tours in France; and the rather, because there is in France a Conventus Turonensis of Augustinian Monks: but wherein, or whether they differed from others, I know not. But leaving that to the Reader's farther inquiry, let us take a view of Their Convents. 1. The Abbey of Kilwining, in Cunninghame, founded by Hugh Morvil, Constable of Scotland. 2. The Abbey of Lindoris, in Fife, founded by David Earl of Huntingdon, Brother to King William. 3. The Priory of Fyvie, in Forumarten. A Seminary belonging to the Abbey of Arbroath. We proceed next to the Monks of the Order of Saint Antony, whose Original was from Saint Antony an Egyptian, who about the time of the later Persecutions, not long after Decius, retired into the Deserts, where he lived the best part of an hundred years, and became the Father of an Eremitick life, wherein he educated all those Disciples that resorted to him. After whose Example other Orders were set up. About the time of the Wars in Palestine, his Body was translated from Constantinople to Mota, (now called Saint Antony) a Town in the Province of Viennoys in France, where it was honourably laid up in a Church built to his memory, and became famous for miraculous Cures. Among which, Gasto, a Nobleman of that Province, and his Son Girond, being healed of a mortal Plague, dedicated themselves and all that they had to Saint Antony, wholly devoting themselves to the curing and attending of the Sick that came thither. To whom shortly after eight more joined themselves, who combined into a Society. This was about the year 1121. Their Order was confirmed by several Popes, especially▪ Boniface the Eighth, Anno 1297. who prescribed unto them Rules, and conferred upon them their Privileges. They observe the Rule of Saint Augustine's Order, and as the peculiar and distinguishing Badge of their Order, wear about their Necks the letter T in Gold or Silver hanging upon their Breasts, and carry a little Bell about with them. The Monks of this Order had only one Convent in Scotland, at Leith, but who was the Founder thereof, I cannot learn. The Carthusians were instituted by Saint Bruno, a Native of Colein, who being a Parisian Doctor of Divinity, and a Canon of Rheims, abandoned the World, and with six Associates began his austere Eremitical course of life on the Carthusian Mountains, in the Diocese of Gratianopolis, with the Licence of Hugh then Bishop thereof. This Bruno flourished under Pope Vrban the Second, and died Anno Christi 1101. King James the First did bring the Carthusians into Scotland, and built them a Convent in Perth, (known afterwards by the name of Charter-house,) about the year 1430. FRom Monks we proceed to FRIARS. These were differenced from Monks, in that Monks were confined to their Cloisters; whilst more liberty was allowed to Friars to go about, and preach in neighbouring Parishes: as also Monks had nothing in propriety, but all in common; Friars had nothing in propriety nor in common but being Mendicants, begged all their subsistence from the Charity of others. But they met with very bountiful Benefactors; and in Scotland, when their Nests were pulled down, were too rich to profess Poverty. The Dominicans, or Black Friars, called also Praedicatores, Preaching Friars, were instituted by Saint Dominick, a Spaniard, Anno 1206. and confirmed by Pope Honorius the Third, Anno Christi 1216. The Dominicans had their Convents At 1. Wigton, 2. Air, 3. Glasgow, 4. Edinburgh, 5. Perth, 6. Dundee, 7. Striveling, 8. Monross, 9 Cowper of Fife, 10. Aberdene, 11. Elgin, 12. Innerness, 13. Saint Andrews, 14. Haddington, 15. Jedburgh, 16. Dumfreis, 17. Cowper of Angus, 18. Innerkeithing, 19 Dysert, 20. Linlithgow, 21. Kinghorn, 22. Forres, 23. Selkirk. The Franciscans, or Grey Friars, called also Minorits, were instituted by Saint Francis, an Italian, about the year of our Lord 1198. and confirmed by Pope Innocent the Third. His Rule prescribed Chastity, Obedience, Poverty, much Fasting, and other Austerities, to all that should be admitted of that Order. The Franciscans are, Minores tam Observantes, quam Conventuales. The Conventuals had their Houses At 1. Ronburgh, 2. Dumfreis, 3. Haddington, 4. Innerkeithing, 5. Lanerick, 6. Dundee. The Friar's Observant had their Monasteries At 1. Edinburgh, 2. Striveling, 3. Air, 4. Glasgow, 5. Saint Andrews, 6. Perth, 7. Aberdene, 8. Elgin, The Carmelite Friars had their beginning at, and name from, Mount Carmel in Syria, being instituted by Almerieus Patriarch of Antioch, Anno 1122. They are also called White Friars, and had their Convents At 1. Dumbar, 2. Linlithgow, 3. Tillilume, 4. Queens-ferry, 5. Aberdene, 6. Irwing, 7. Bamff. The Trinity Friars, or Mathurins, follow. These were also called Robertines, and De Redemptione Captivorum, whose work was to beg money of well-disposed people for Ransoming of Christian Captives from the Slavery of the Turks. These Friars had their Houses At 1. Fall, 2. Houstoun, 3. Dornoch, 4. Cromarty, 5. Scotland-well, 6. Aberdene, 7. Peeblis. I can give no account concerning the several Orders of NUNS in Scotland. Their Convents were, 1. The Priory of North-Berwick, in Lothian, founded by Duncan Earl of Fife. 2. The Priory of Haddington, in Lothian, founded by Ada Countess of Northumberland, Wife to Prince Henry, only Son of King David the First. 3. The Priory of Saint Bothans, in Lammer-moor, founded by Christiana Countess of March. 4. The Priory of Manuel, in Lothian, founded by King Malcolm the Fourth. 5. The Priory of Coldstream, in Mers, founded by the Countess of March. 6. The Priory of Ecclis, in Mers, founded by King David the First. The Grey Sisters had their Houses At 1. Dundee, 2. Aberdene, 3. Sheens near Edinburgh. What kind of Monks were in the following Monasteries, I have not as yet learned. 1. The Monastery of Abernethy, in Strath-Jerne, founded by Caranachus, the— King of the Picts. 2. The Monastery of Saint Andrew de beugh, founded by King Constantine the Second. 3. The Abbey of Soutre, in Lothian, founded by King Malcolm the Fourth. 4. The Priory of Cannabie, in Eskdail. 5. The Priory of Star-inch, in Lewis, founded by Maclewid Baron of Lewis. 6. The Priory of Rowadill in Harrigh, founded by Maclewid Baron of Harrigh. 7. The Priory of Inchmahomo, in Perth-shire. 8. The Monastery of Elbottle, a Cell belonging to South Berwick. 9 The Priory of Gulane, in Lothian, a Cell belonging to South Berwick, founded by King David the First. 10. The Priory of Aberdowr, in Fife. Thus much concerning Monks and Friars. BEsides the Convents of Regulars, there were Colleges erected for SECULAR PRIESTS, and amply endowed with Revenues. The chief person of the College of Secular Canons was called the Provost, and the College itself the Provostry. Let us take a view of them. 1. The College of Bothwell, in Clidisdail, founded by Archbald the First, Earl of Douglas. It was before a Cloister of Nuns. 2. The College of Linclowden, in Nithisdail, founded by the same Archbald. 3. The College of Bothans, in Lothian, founded by William Hay Baron of Yester. 4. The Provostry of Minniboll, in Carrict, founded by Sir Gilbert Kennedy Knight. 5. The College of Dumbar, in Lothian, founded by George, Earl of March. 6. The College of Carnwath, in Clidisdail, founded by Thomas Lord Summervile. 7. The College of Methuen, in Strath-Jerne, founded by Walter Stewart Earl of Athol. 8. The Provostry of Dalkeith, in Lothian, founded by James Douglas, the second Earl of Morton. 9 The Provostry of Fowlis, in Angus, founded by Andrew Grace of Fowlis. 10. The College of Kilmund, in Cowal, founded by Sir Duncan campbel Knight. 11. The Provostry of Dirlton, in Lothian, founded by Sir Walter Haliburton of Dirlton. 12. The College of Rosseline, in Lothian, founded by William Sinclair Earl of Orkney. 13. The Provostry of Dunglas, in Mers, founded by Alexander Hume Lord Hume. 14. The King's College of Striveling, founded by King James the Third. 15. Trinity College in Edinburgh, founded by Mary, Widow of King James the Second. 16. The Provostry of Restalrig, in Lothian, founded by King James the Fourth. 17. The Provostry of Seaton, in Lothian, founded by the Lord Seaton. 18. The Provostry of Costorphine, in Lothian founded by the Baron of Costorphine Forrester. 19 The College of Creighton, in Lothian, founded by the Earl of Bothwell Hepburn, 20. The Provostry of Sempill, in Ranfrewshire, founded by the Lord Sempill. 21. The College of Kilmawers, in Cunninghame, founded by the Earl of Glencarn. 22. The College of Hamilton, in Clidisdail, founded by the Lord Hamilton. 23. The College of Dumbarton, in Lennox, founded by one of the Countesses of Lennox. 24. The Provostry of Tillibarden, in Strath-Jerne, founded by the Baron of Tillibarden Murray. 25. The Provostry of Ta'en, in Ross, founded by King James the Fourth. 26. The Provostry of Abernethie, in Strath-Jerne, founded by one of the Earls of Douglas. The chief Church in great Towns was a Collegiate-Church; as Saint Giles in Edinburgh, etc. LAST of all follow the KNIGHTS TEMPLARS. This Order was instituted by Pope Gelasius, about the year of our Lord 1120. Their Office and Vow was, to defend the Temple and the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, to entertain Christian Strangers that came thither for Devotion, and to guard them in safety when they went to visit the places of the Holy Land. Their Habit was a White Cloak, with a Red Cross, and a Sword girt about them. They were suppressed by Pope Clemens the Fifth, about the year 1310. and their Lands were (by a General Council held at Vienna) conferred on the Knights of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, called also Joannites, and after Knights of the Rhodes, and lastly of Malta, where they live at this day. The Templars and their Successors (spoken of before) had only one House in Scotland, which was the Hospital of Saint Germans in Lothian. This House was dissolved Anno 1494. and the greatest part of its Revenues by King James the Fourth conferred upon the King's College of Aberdene, then newly founded by Bishop William Elphingston. Though I cannot give an account in what year every particular Monastery in Scotland was founded, yet their general Dissolution was about the year 1560. There was also a Convent of Red Friars at the mouth of Teviot near Kelso; but by whom built, I cannot learn. CHAP. III. The UNIVERSITIES of SCOTLAND. THere are four Universities in Scotland, SAINT ANDREWS, GLASGOW, ABERDENE, EDINBURGH. The University of SAINT ANDREWS WAS founded by Bishop Henry Wardlaw, Anno Christi 1412. It is endowed with very ample Privileges. The Archbishops of Saint Andrews are perpetual Chancellors thereof. The rector is chosen yearly, and by the Statutes of the University he ought to be one of the three Principals. His Power is the same with that of the Vicechancellor of Oxford or Cambridge. There are in this University three Colleges; viz. SAINT SALVATOR'S, SAINT LEONARD'S, NEW COLLEGE. SAINT SALVATOR'S College. James Kennedy, Bishop of Saint Andrews, founded this College, built the Edifice, furnished it with costly Ornaments, and provided sufficient Revenues for the maintenance of the Masters and Professors. Persons endowed at the Foundation were, A Doctor A Bachelor A Licenciate of Divinity; Four Professors of Philosophy, who are called Regent's; Eight poor Scholars, called Bursars'. Benefactors. I can give little or no account of the Benefactors. The Earl of Cassils' hath founded a Professor of Humanity to teach the Latin tongue. George Martin cieled the great Hall. Present Professors. George Weemis, Doctor of Divinity, Provost. James Rymer, Professors of Philosophy. George Thomson, Professors of Philosophy. Edward Thomson, Professors of Philosophy. James Strachan, Professors of Philosophy. The Arms of Saint Salvator's College are the Globe and Saint Salvator's Cross. SAINT LEONARD'S College Was founded by John Hepburn, Prior of Saint Andrews, Anno 152—. Persons endowed are, A Principal or Warden, Four Professors of Philosophy, Eight poor Scholars. Benefactors. Of these I can give no account. The Priory of Portmuck is annexed to this College. And lately, the Parsonage of kinkel in Aberdeneshire. Present Professors. James Weemis, Doctor of Divinity, and Dean of Saint Andrews, Principal. William Sanders, Professors of Philosophy. Alexander Skene, Professors of Philosophy. Alexander Grant, Professors of Philosophy. NEW COLLEGE Was founded by James Beaton, Archbishop, Anno 153—. The Professors and Scholars endowed are of Divinity; for no Philosophy is taught in this College. Present Professors. Walter Comrie, Doctor and Professor of Divinity, Principal. David Faulconar, Professor of Divinity. There was lately founded in the University of Saint Andrews a Professor of Mathematics. The present rector of the University is Andrew Bruce, Doctor of Divinity, Archdeacon of Saint Andrews. The short and bad Account which I have given of this University proceeds merely from want of Information. Learned men and Writers. John Mayor, Provost of Saint Salvator's, a person, according to the Learning of those Times, very famous. His History of the Scotish Nation is not so much esteemed, being very short, and in the style and way of writing Scholastical and Quodlibetical. He wrote also on the Master of the Sentences: but see his Character page 68 He flourished about the year 1520. Andrew Melvill, Professor of Divinity in the New College, a man well seen in the Hebrew Language and the Rabbinical writings. He was the first who kindled the great Combustions in this Church, by introducing the Discipline of Geneva amongst us, as may be more fully seen in the foregoing History. John Baron, Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the New College, was a person of great Worth and Learning, and of great Candour. He died in the time of our late Combustions. Sir John Wedderburn was a Professor of Philosophy in this University; but that was too narrow a place for so great a Person, who became since so celebrated for his great Learning and skill in Physic: and though his infirmities and great age forced him to retire from public practice and business, yet his fame attracts all the Nation to him, and his noble Hospitality and kindness to all men that are learned and virtuous makes his Conversation no less loved than his Advice is desired. Samuel Rutherfurd, Professor of Divinity in the New College, was very famous in those Times, for quickness and subtlety in disputing and writing. He was judged to be very devout: he wrote Exercitationes de Gratia, and Disputationes de Providentia: he was a wonderful Assertour of the Supralapsarian Hypothesis: he wrote also many Books in English; some Controversial, as the Divine right of Presbytery, others pieces of Devotion and Sermons: he wrote also a Seditious Book, condemned by Law, about the Power of the King, and the Privileges of the People, called Lex Rex. He died 1661. Alexander colvil, Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the New College: he was before Professor at Sedan. He was learned in the Hebrew, and was a great Textuary, and well seen in Divinity. He died about the year 1664. James Wood, Professor of Divinity, and Provost of Saint Salvator's, was a person both judicious and wise, as also of considerable Learning: he wrote a Book against Independency: he died about the year 1664. John Johnston, Professor of Divinity in the New College, wrote a Paraphrase of the Psalms, and other most excellent Poems, and for his skill in the Latin tongue and Poesy was second to none in his time: he flourished about the year 1610. David Calderwood, a man of great reading and study, but very unhappy in his way of expressing himself, both which appeared in his Altar Damascenum. He was at first very factious, and banished the Kingdom by King James; yet was afterwards much neglected by that violent Party, who judged him too moderate, though from his Book none would imagine him guilty of it. James Durham, a Gentleman of a good Family and learned, was bred in this famous University: he wrote a judicious Book of Scandal, with good Learning in it: there are also Expositions of his upon the Revelation, and on the Song of Solomon, and the Ten Commandments, all published since his death. George Gillespie was also bred here, who was a very pregnant young man, had great freedom of expression and much boldness, which raised him to make a very considerable figure among the Covenanters. He had some good Learning, but was very factious: he wrote against the Ceremonies, and many pieces against the Erastians'. He died An. 1649. James Gregory, Professor of the Mathematics in this University, was a person of most extraordinary Learning in those Sciences. He had a strange faculty of resolving the hardest Problems, and seems to have found a Non plus ultrà in Geometry. He was Fellow of the Royal Society, and much admired both in England, France and Italy, where he traveled; but lost both his eyes, and soon after died, 1674. In this University many of the chief Nobility are bred, among whom none has done greater honour to Saint Leonard's College, where he was bred, than his Grace the Duke of Lauderdail: to whom as Learning seemed entailed, (his Family for four Descents having been most famed for Learning of any of their Quality;) so he received those impressions in this University, that, being since much improved, have rendered him so eminent for Learning; of which only my Subject leading me to speak, I shall say nothing of his other extraordinary Qualities. Archbald Lord Napier of Merchiston was a profound Scholar, and of great worth. His Logarithms have rendered him famous throughout the whole world: he wrote also an Exposition on the Revelation. He died 162—. Sir Robert Murray, a great Promoter and Fellow of the Royal Society, was a person of wonderful abilities, vast apprehensions, great depth of Judgement, and universally knowing in every thing, but more particularly in the Mathematics. He was a great Ornament to the Age he lived in, and an honour to his Country. He died Anno 1674. The University of GLASGOW WAS founded Auspiciis, Pietate & Benignitate Eximii Principis, Jacobi Secundi, Scotorum Regis Serenissimi; indulgentiam faciente, & jus ac facultatem Studii Generalis sanciente, Nicolao Quinto, Pontifice Romano; ejus Erectionem & Constitutionem magno labour & sumptibus procurante Reverendo Antistite Gulielmo Turnbullo, Episcopo Glasguensi. The words of the Bull are, Vt Studium Generale vigeat tam in Theologia ac Jure Canonico & Civili, quam Artibus & qualibet alià Facultate; quódque Doctores & Magistri ibidem omnibus & singulis Privilegiis, Libertatibus, Honoribus, Immunitatibus, Exemptionibus, per Sedem Apostolicam vel alios quomodolibet Magistris, Doctoribus & Studentibus, in Study nostrae Civitatis Cononiensis concessis, gaudeant & utantur. The Persons founded were, a rector, a Dean of Faculty, a Principal or Warden, who was to teach Theology, three Professors to teach Philosophy. Afterwards some Clergymen professed the Laws here, being invited to that Profession rather by the commodity of a Collegiate life, and the Immunities of the University, then by any considerable Salary. King James the Sixth, Anno 1577. did establish Twelve persons in the College▪ viz. a Principal, three Professors of Philosophy called Regent's, four Scholars called Bursars', an OEconomus or Provisor, who furnisheth the Table with provisions, the Principal's servant, a Janitor, and a Cook. Benefactors. The Kings of Scotland have been great Benefactors to this University. King James the Second, the Founder of it, did bestow considerable Revenues, and endue it with many Privileges and Immunities. The words of the Letter under the Great Seal 12. Kal. Maii 1453. are, Omnes & singulos Rectores qui pro tempore fuerint, Facultatum Decanos, Procuratores Nationum, Regentes, Magistros & Scholar's in hac Vniversitate students, sub nostra firma pace & custodia, defension & manutenentia suscipimus; eosdemque Rectores, etc. ab omnibus tributis, exactionibus, taxationibus, collectis, vigiliis, custodiis, eximimus, & postea eximendos statuimus. The same Privileges were confirmed by King James the Third, Anno 1472. by King James the Fourth, 1509. by King James the Fifth, 1522. and by Queen Mary, 1547. About the time of the Reformation, the University was almost brought to desolation, and had been ruined, had not King James the Sixth, in his Minority, restored it by his Royal Bounty and munificence. He confirmed all its Privileges, and bestowed upon it the Tithes of the Church of Govan, Anno 1577. Afterwards he ratified all the former Acts made in favour of the University, and made some new Donations, Anno 1617. King Charles' the First did ratify all the old Privileges, and bestowed money for repairing the Fabric. King Charles' the Second, by the advice of the Estates of Parliament, gave also money for the same purpose. Bishop William Turnbull, by whose procurement the Pope's Bull was obtained, was very liberal to the College, bestowing upon it both Lands and Revenues; and so were several of the Bishops and Archbishops who succeeded him. The City of Glasgow were also Benefactors to the College. The Ground on which the College stands, with a Field adjacent thereunto, was the donation of James Lord Hamilton. Since the Reformation, sundry private men have given considerable sums of money towards the maintenance of poor Scholars or Bursars; as William Struthers, Zachary Boyd, Thomas Crawford, Ministers. Others have bestowed money for repairing the Fabric, as Alexander Boyd, Matthew Wilson, Ministers. James Law, Archbishop of Glasgow, was very bountiful to the College; for he much augmented the Revenues thereof, and bestowed many choice Books, which are in the Library. William Earl of Dundonald, Anno 1672. gave about 1000 pounds sterling towards the maintenance of Bursars'. John Snell hath of late bestowed 6000 Marks Scotish for enriching the Library, and adorning the Fabric. The Archbishops of Glasgow are perpetual Chancellors of the University. The rector is chosen once every year. David Cadyow, Canon of Glasgow, was the first rector; and William Elphingston, Official of Glasgow, afterwards Bishop of Aberdene, was the first Dean of Faculty. Principals. 1454. David Bineb first Principal. His Successors are not known, because the old Records and Registers of the College were either destroyed or taken away at the Reformation. 1577. Andrew Melvin. 1580. Thomas Smeton. 1600. Patrick Sharp. 1615. Robert Boyd of Trochrig. 1622. John Cameron. 1626. John Strang, Doctor of Divinity. 1650. Robert Ramsay: he lived but a month after his Instalment. 1653. Patrick Gillespie. 1660. Robert Bailie. 1662. Edward Wright, present Principal. Professors of Divinity. The Principals taught Theology till Anno 1640. at which time there was a Salary settled for maintenance of a Professor of Divinity. 1640. David Dickson. 1649. Robert Bailie. 1660. John Young. 1668. Gilbert Burnet. 1674. David liddel, present Professor of Divinity. There is not a Coat of Arms peculiar to this University, but they use the Arms of the City of Glasgow. Present Professors. Sir William Fleming of Ferm, rector. Doctor Matthew Brisban, Dean of Faculty. Edward Wright, Principal or Warden. David liddel, Professor of Theologie. William Blair, Thomas Nicolson, John Tran, John Boyd, Professors of Philosophy. Learned men and Writers. John Sharp, Doctor and Professor of Divinity, a man well learned, and a good Textuary. John Cameron, Principal, of whom I need say no more, but that he was the Great Cameron so well known to the World by his excellent Prelections on the New Testament. He acquired so much fame in France, where he was Professor of Divinity in Saumur, that King James brought him to Scotland, hoping that his Learning and Worth would have had some effects on the Puritans: but he finding them untractable, went back to France, where he lived and died in great esteem. Robert Boyd, Principal, was a very excellent Person, and of considerable Learning: he wrote a large Commentary on the Ephesians. John Strang, Doctor of Divinity, Principal, a man of great Parts, extraordinary Subtlety, and of a most solid Reason, as appears by his excellent Books De voluntate Dei in actibus humanis, and De Scriptura Sacra. David Dickson, Professor of Divinity, a man wonderfully esteemed and reverenced for his Piety by the Covenanters, not unlearned: he wrote a Commentary on S. Matthew's Gospel, on the Psalms, and the Epistles to the Romans and Hebrews; also a Book of Practical Divinity, called Therapeutica Sacra, which he wrote in Latin. Robert Bailie, Professor of Divinity, and afterwards Principal, a learned and modest man: though he published some very violent Writings, yet those flowed rather from the instigation of other persons, than his own inclinations. He has left a great evidence of his Diligence and Learning in his Opus Chronologicum. Alexander Nubet and James Ferguson, two Ministers much esteemed, were bred in this University: they wrote each of them Commentaries on some of the Epistles. George Hutchinson was also bred here, who was accounted one of the greatest Preachers of the Presbyterian party, and was a Learned man: he wrote on the Twelve Minor Prophets, on Job, and on the Gospel of Saint John. He died Anno 1674. George Buchanan was a person that deserves a higher Character than I can give him: but it is done to such advantage in the foregoing History, that I must refer the Reader to it, page 325. The University of ABERDENE. IN the Reign of King Alexander the Second, Anno 121— there was a Studium Generale in Collegio Canonicorum, where there were Professors and Doctors of Divinity, and of the Canon and Civil Laws, and many Learned men have flourished therein. King James the Fourth, and William Elphingston, Bishop of Aberdene, procured from Pope Alexander the Sixth the Privilege of an University in Aberdene, Anno Christi 1494. It is endowed with as ample Privileges as any University in Christendom; and particularly the Foundation relates to the Privileges of Paris and Bononia, but hath no reference to Oxford or Cambridge, because of the Wars between Scotland and England at that time. The Privileges were afterwards confirmed by Pope Julius the Second, Clement the Seventh, Leo the Tenth, and Paul the Second; and by the Successors of King James the Fourth. The Bishop of Aberdene is perpetual Chancellor of this University, and hath power to visit in his own person and to reform Abuses: and although he be not a Doctor of Divinity, yet the Foundation gives him power of conferring that Degree. The Office of Vicechancellor resides in the Official or Commissary of Aberdene. The rector, who is chosen yearly, with the assistence of his four Assessors is to take notice of Abuses, etc. in the University, and to make a return thereof to the Chancellor. If one of the Masters happen to be rector, then is his power devolved upon the Vicechancellor. The College was founded by Bishop William Elphingston, Anno 1500. and was called the King's College, because King James the Fourth took upon him and his Successors the special Protection of it. Persons endowed were, A Doctor of Theology, who was Principal; the Canon Law; the Civil Law; Physic; A Professor of Humanity to teach Grammar; A Subprincipal to teach Philosophy; A Cantor; A Sacrist; Six Students of Divinity; Three Students of the Laws; Thirteen Students of Philosophy; An Organist; Five Singing-boys, who were Students of Humanity. Benefactors. Bishop William Elphingston, the Founder, built most part of the Fabric, furnished the great Steeple with ten Bells, gave many costly Ornaments, as Hangings, Books, etc. King James the Fourth bestowed upon the College the Rents of the Hospital of Saint Germans in Lothian, whereof the Tithes of the Parishes of Aberluthnot in Mernis, of Glenmuik and Glengairden in Mar, are a part; as also the Tithes of the Parishes of Slanes and Furvie in Buchan. King James the Sixth bestowed upon it the Rents of the Carmelite Friars of Bamff, the Chaplainries of Westhall and Fallowroull. King Charles' the First gave to the College two parts of the Revenues of the Bishopric of Aberdene, so long as the See should remain vacant, Anno 1641. Upon which Donation, eight Bursars more were endowed, and the University was called the Caroline University. King Charles' the Second, by the advice of the Estates of Parliament, did bestow upon it, Anno 1672. the Stipends of all those Churches which should happen to be vacant within the Dioceses of Aberdene, Murray, Ross, and Cathnes, and that for seven years following the date of the Act. Gavin Dumbar, Bishop of Aberdene, built the South-quarter of the College, and the houses belonging to the Prebendaries, and did perfect whatsoever Bishop Elphingston left unfinished. William Stewart, Bishop of Aberdene, built the Library, Chapterhouse, Vestry-house, a School, and Chambers for the Chaplains. Duncan Sberar, Parson of Clat, gave certain Lands towards the maintenance of Bursars'. Nicolaus Hay, Professor of the Civil Law, and Official of Aberdene, gave maintenance to Bursars'. Robert Maitland, Dean of Aberdene, procured the annexation of the Deanery to the College, 1579. Walter Stewart, Principal, procured the annexation of his Rectory of Methlick to the College. Sir Thomas Burnet of Leyis endowed three Bursars. James Wat, rector of Snaith in Yorkshire, gave certain Lands towards the maintenance of a Student of Divinity. Alexander Reid, Doctor of Physic, left in legacy to the College two hundred pounds of English money: he also left his Books to the Library. John Forbes, Doctor and Professor of Divinity, did purchase two houses, and left the one for the accommodation of his Successors Professors of Divinity, and the other for the use of the Cantor. The following persons left their Books to the Library. Andrew Strachan, Doctor and Professor of Divinity. George Clerk, a Minister. Thomas Garden. George Anderson. Sir Francis Gordon. Alexander Blackball, Student of Divinity, resident at London. Thomas Mercer, Burgess of Aberdene. Principals. 150—. Hector Both, or Boys, (descended from the Boeths of Panbride in Angus,) born in Dundee, and bred up in Letters in the University of Paris, was the first Principal. Besides his History of the Scots, he wrote the Lives of the Bishops of Aberdene. 153—. William Hay, Subprincipal, was his Successor. 1552. John Bissait continued six years, and resigned his place (because of his infirmity proceeding from long sickness) to 1558. Alexander Anderson, Subprincipal, who was also Parson of Tyrie, and Vicar of kinkel. This man was a great Scholar, and a subtle Disputant, but no great friend to the College. For the hatred he bore to the Reformed Religion, he alienated some of the Colledge-Revenues, destroyed many of its Writings and Evidences, whereby many Lands and other Rents belonging to Saint Germans are quite lost; sold the Ornaments, Books, and other Furniture belonging to the College. Commendable he was in one thing; for when some of the Reformers would have taken away the Lead and Bells, repulit vim ferro. He was afterwards turned out, and the Place conferred upon 1569. Alexander Arbuthnot, (Brother to the Baron of Arbuthnot,) Parson of Arbuthnot and Logy Buchan, a modest, learned, and pious Divine. 1584. Walter Stewart, Subprincipal, was his Successor, a very hopeful person, taken away in the thirty-sixth year of his age. 1593. Upon his death, David Rait, (of the House of Halgreen in the Mernis,) Sub-principal, was preferred to the place. He continued Principal forty two years. 1634. To him succeeded William Leslie Doctor of Divinity, Subprincipal, a man of great Learning. In his time, Anno 1634. a storm of wind beat down the top of the great Steeple, which afterwards was built more stately, consisting of four Arches supporting a Crown with a Globe and Cross. Principal Leslie was for his Loyalty thrust out by the Covenanters, and in his room was elected 1640. William Guild, Doctor of Divinity, Minister in Aberdene and one of the Chaplains to King Charles the First; a Learned and worthy person. He built the Tradesmens Hospital in Aberdene, left considerable Legacies to the Poor, and bequeathed his Books to the Library of Saint Andrews. Anno 1649. the General Assembly gave a Commission to some Ministers and Lay-Elders to reform the College, and to expel the Malignants. Persons thrust out. Doctor William Guild, Principal; Alexander Middleton, Subprincipal; Patrick Gordon, George Middleton, Professors of Philosophy. Persons put in. The Commissioners at that time did not unanimously agree whom to put in; and considering (Winter drawing near) that the College could not be well governed, unless there were a Principal or Subprincipal, therefore they ordered the Subprincipal to continue, till his place were supplied by another. Shortly after, the Masters restored the Principal (in despite of all opposition) to his place. But Anno 1651. General Monk, sent five Colonels to reform the college; Colonel Fenwick, Moseley, Owen, Disborough, and Smith. At this Reformation both Principal and Subprincipal were again turned out: Gilbert Rewle was substituted in the room of the latter, and the place of the former was conferred upon 1652. John Row, an Independent Minister in Aberdene, a person well seen in the Latin and Greek Languages, and not ill in the Hebrew. In his time, Anno 1657. was laid the foundation of the New work in the North-East corner of the College, of six stories high, consisting of twenty four Chambers with Chimneys and Conveniences, a School, and a Bulliard-house. The Money that built it was given by the Masters, and other well-disposed persons, whose Names are written in a Register called Album amicorum Collegii Regii Aberdonensis. Mr. Row continued Principal till Anno 1661. At which time William Rait, Minister at Brichen, was preferred to the place. He stayed only a year, and returned to Brichen. 1662. Alexander Middleton, Minister in Old Aberdene, and Subprincipal, of whom before, succeeded him. Professors of Divinity. The Professor of Divinity was founded by the Bishop, Synod, and College of Aberdene, Anno 162—. The first Professor was 162—. John Forbes, Doctor of Divinity, a most pious, peaceable and learned Divine. He continued till the year 163—. and being by the Magistrates of Aberdene chosen to be one of the Ministers of the Town, left for his Successor 1634. Andrew Strachan, Doctor of Divinity, who lived little above a year after his Instalment. 1635. Doctor Forbes was chosen Professor again, and continued till for his Loyalty he was thrust out by the Covenanters, Anno 1639. Shortly after he went over into Holland, where he published his Instructiones Historico-Theologicae, and returning home died in his house of Corpse, Anno 165—. 164—. William Douglas, Minister at Forgue, succeeded Doctor Forbes. He died Anno 1665. 1673. Henry Scongal, Parson of Achterless, was after some years' Vacancy preferred to the place. The Election of the rector, Dean of Faculty, Professor of the Oriental Languages, Professors of Philosophy, Janitor, etc. is by the major part of the Masters: but the Principal and the rest of the Prebendaries are chosen not only by the major part, but also by four Procuratores Nationum. In all the Elections the Foundation gives the Principal one great Privilege: Volumus enim ut in omnibus hisce Electionibus, Principalis habeat vocem Nominativam, Electivam, & Conclusivam: which seems to be a Negative voice inherent in him. If a Place be vacant, a Bursar (Alumnus) is to be preferred before any other, if he be sufficiently qualified. If a vacant Place be not filled within one month, than it falls to the Chancellor Jure devoluto, who presents one for that time. The Procuratores Nationum their having a voice in the Elections, imports the like to be in the Scholars, from whom they derive their power of voting. The Scholars are divided into four Classes, according to the number of the Dioceses or Provinces wherein they live. The Provinces are these. 1. Provincia Aberdonensis contains the Shires of Aberdene and Bamff. 2. Provincia Moraviensis includes all those Countries that lie on the North side of the River Spey. 3. Provincia Angusiensis contains Angus and Mernis. 4. Provincia Landoniensis comprehends (besides Lothian) all the rest of Scotland. The Students of each Province do choose a procurator to give up their Vote in the Election. Every Michaelmas, the Masters convene after ending of the ten week's Vacation, and a Problem is affixed on the College-gates, inviting young Scholars to come and dispute for a Burse, (which is their maintenance at the College.) To these are prescribed Exercises or Themes to make, than Latin Authors in Prose and Verse to expound: and the first four (for so many Burses are void at every Commencement) who are reckoned to be the best Scholars, are preferred. In October the Students begin to convene. They wear a Red or Scarlet Gown with hanging Sleeves; but those who are Bursars', a Black Gown with a Girdle. Their time of continuance at the University is four years. They are ranked into four Classes. To those of the first Class is taught the Greek Language. The Students of the second Class do learn Logicks and Metaphysics. Those of the third Class (who at the year's end are Bachelors of Arts) do learn Ethics and General Physics. The fourth and highest Class do complete their Course with Special Physics and Mathematics. The time of the Commencement of Masters of Arts is in July; the manner thus. Before the day appointed, those who are to receive their Degree do publish their Theses, inviting all Learned men and Scholars to come and dispute. At the day appointed, great preparation is made, the Candidati are apparelled in Black, with Black Gowns, and at ten of the clock all go into the public School, where the Professor of Philosophy or Regent, who is to confer the Degree, makes a long Speech (beginning with a Prayer) to the Auditors: which being ended, the Disputes begin, and continue till four or five of the clock. Then they take a little refreshment, and so return to the Graduation, (Laureation.) The Regent doth tender to the Candidati the following Oath: Ego, A.B. coram Omniscio & Omnipotenti Deo, Religionem & Fidem, unicam & solam Orthodoxam, in Ecclesia Scoticana palàm propositam, professurum me, & ab omnibus Pontificiorum & aliorum quorumcunque Haeresibus longè abhorrentem, spondeo, voveo, juro. Insuper, Universitati buy, almae Parenti, cui banc Ingenii culturam debeo, liberaliter relaturum me nutritiam quam potero, eâdem fide solenniter promitto. Quòd si fidem sciens & volens fefellero, arcanorum cordis recessuum Scrutstarem Deum, ultarem & vindicem non recuso. Ità me adjuvet Deus. After the Oath one of the Candidati ascends the Desk, and the Regent taking into his hand a Hat or Cap, with these following words doth give him his Degree. Ego eâdem authoritate, quam Summi ac Potentissimi Principes Almae buic Vniversitati amplissimam indulsêre, te A.B. in Artibus Liberalibus, & Disciplinis Philosophicis, Magistrum creo, proclamo, constituo, renuncio: tibíque potestatem do, Legendi, Scribendi omniáque id genus alia committendi, quae bîc, aut ubivis Gentium, Artium Magistris concedi solet. Et in signum manumissionis tuae, Caput tuum hoc Pileo (putting the Cap on the Scholar's Head) adorno: quod ut tibi felix faustúmque sit, Deum Optimum Maximum precor. Insuper, Librum hunc tibi apertum trado: ut Ingenii tui aliquod specimen coram celebri hoc coetu edas, rogo. Then the Graduate hath a short Speech to the Auditors, and so the Ceremony is ended with clapping of hands, founding of Trumpets, shouting, etc. Thus are all the Candidati graduated one after another. The same way almost is used in all the Universities of Scotland. Concerning the Graduation of Bachelors and Doctors of Divinity, Law, and Physic, I can give no account. Present Masters and Professors. John Menzeis, Professor of Divinity in the Marischal College of Aberdene, rector. Doctor Lewis Gordon, Dean of Faculty. Alexander Middleton, Dean of Aberdene, Principal. Henry Scougal, Professor of Divinity. George Nicolson, Professor of the Laws. Patrick Vrqhuart, Doctor and Professor of Physic. Andrew massy, Subprincipal. Patrick Gordon, Professor of Humanity, and of the Oriental Languages. Robert Forbes, George Middleton, John Buchan, Professors of Philosophy. There are also A Student of Divinity, Fifteen Bursars of Philosophy, A Cantor, who is Master of the Musick-School in the Town, An OEconomus, A Janitor, A Cook, A Gardener, and other inferior Servants. Learned men and Writers. Hector Both, Principal according to the Learning of the Times he lived in, was very considerable: for whose Character see Page 68 in the foregoing History. John Leslie, Canonist in the King's College, and Official of Aberdene, was a very worthy person, and of great Learning in those days he lived in: he suffered much for his Loyalty to his Princess Queen Mary. John Forbes, Doctor and Professor of Divinity. All I shall say to this great man is, that he was one of the best Scholars that ever our Kingdom bred, as will appear to all that ever read his Instructiones Historico-Theologicae, which these unhappy Times suffered him not to finish, to the great regret of all Learned men. His Irenicum does also show both his Learning and Moderation. But his Piety and Devotion was so signal, that his Name will be always remembered there with great honour. William Guild, Doctor of Divinity, Principal. He wrote Commentaries on several Books of the Old Testament, a Systeme of Divinity, and many Treatises against the Papists. He had a fair Estate, which he left wholly to pious uses. Arthur Johnston, Doctor of Physic, and rector of the University, was an excellent Poet. William Douglas, Professor of Divinity, a man of great Industry: he wrote some little Treatises. There were also three Brothers descended from a Noble Family, Duncan, Thomas, and Gilbert Burnet, who were bred here, and were in great esteem. The first was a Doctor of Physic, and practised in Norwich: he was a learned, holy, and good man. The second was of the same Profession, and likewise in great esteem in Braintrey, where he practised Physic. The third was a Professor of Philosophy, first at Basil, then at Montaubon; and was in such esteem there, that a National Synod of the Protestants in France appointed his Philosophical Writings to be printed at the expense of the Clergy. But he dying before his Manuscripts were put in order, only his Book of Ethics was printed. They all three flourished about the year 1630. George Middleton, Doctor of Physic, was once a Professor of Philosophy here; a man of considerable Parts, of good Learning, and well skilled in the practice of Physic. He died very lately. William Gordon, Doctor and Professor of Physic here, was a very worthy person, of great Judgement, and well seen in that Science. He died Anno 164—. James sandiland's, Doctor and Professor of the Laws here, and Official of Aberdene, was a Learned man, and a great Civilian. He died Anno 164—. Many other Learned men have been Professors here, besides those who have had their Education in this College. THE MARISCHAL College of Aberdene was founded by George Keith Earl Marischal, Anno 1593. Persons endowed were, A Principal, Three Professors of Philosophy. Since that time there have been added, A Professor of Divinity Mathematics, A fourth Professor of Philosophy. Twenty four poor Scholars, Benefactors, George Earl Mariscbal, Founder, gave towards the maintenance of the Professors certain Lands lying near Aberdene, and at Bervie in Mernis. The Town of Aberdene built most part of the Edifice. Thomas Reid left an annual Salary to a Library-keeper. Bernard cargil gave a considerable sum of money towards the maintenance of a Professor of Divinity. Duncan liddel, Doctor of Physic, left a considerable sum of money towards the maintenance of a Professor of Mathematics. Sir Alexander Irwing of Drum left in Legacy towards the maintenance of poor Scholars, or Bursars, of Philosophy and Divinity, a thousand pounds Sterling money. King Charles' the First bestowed on the College the third part of the Rents of the Bishopric of Aberdene, so long as the See should continue vacant, Anno 1641. Alexander Reid, Doctor of Physic, left in Legacy to the College and Grammar-School two hundred pounds of English money. Alexander Ross, Doctor of Divinity, Minister in Aberdene, William Guild, Doctor of Divinity, Minister in Aberdene, Patrick Dune, Doctor of Physic, Each of them gave money to maintain Bursars'. Several of the Benefactors left their Books to the Library. Principals. 1593. Robert Howy, first Principal. 159—. Gilbert Grace. 160—. Andrew Aidie. 161—. William Forbes, Doctor of Divinity, afterwards Bishop of Edinburgh. 162—. Patrick Dune, Doctor of Physic. 1639. William Moir. 1663. James Leslie, Doctor of Physic. Professors of Divinity. 162—. Robert Baron, Doctor and Professor of Divinity afterwards Bishop Elect of Orkney. 164—. John Menzeis. Present Professors. George Meldrum, Minister in Aberdene, rector. James Leslie, Doctor of Physic, Principal. John Menzeis, Professor of Divinity. Duncan liddel, Professor of Mathematics. Robert Paterson, George Peacock, John Farqbuar, John Paton, Professors of Philosophy. The Earl Marischal is the only Patron of this College. Learned men and Writers. William Forbes, Doctor of Divinity, Principal, was a person of rare Endowments, vast Learning, and a celebrated Preacher. He was the first Bishop of Edinburgh, and indeed a most holy person, of whom all that ever knew him give this Character, that they never saw him but they thought his heart was in heaven. He was indeed a fit pattern to all that should come after him. Robert Baron, Doctor and Professor of Divinity, was a person of incomparable worth and Learning. He had a clear apprehension of things, and a rare faculty of making the hardest things to be easily understood. He is well known by his Book De objecto formali Fidei, and his Metaphysics and other small Treatises: there are many other excellent Manuscripts of his that are not yet published: and he bore the greatest share of that famous Debate Anno 1638. between the Doctors of Aberdene and the Covenanters. Alexander Reid, Doctor of Physic, was bred here: he grew very famous in London, and left a great part of his Estate to pious uses in and about the places of his Education. Duncan liddel, Doctor of Physic, was a person much esteemed for his learned Writings, as his Book De Febribus, and several other Books which he wrote. But since I have named some Physicians educated in Aberdene, I must not pass over Sir Alexander Fraser, His Majesties' First Physician, whose great Learning and happy Practice of Physic, as they have raised him to such esteem and dignity, so his constant Loyalty and high Generosity do answer that Noble race of the fraser's from whom he is descended. The University of EDINBURGH WAS founded by King James the Sixth of blessed memory; for Anno 1580. upon the Magistrates of that city's Supplication and Address to him for that effect, he granted to them a Charter under the Great Seal, allowing them the full Liberty and Privilege of an University within their Town. But the Foundation was not perfected till Anno 1582. The Privileges of this University are the same with those of any other University in the Kingdom. The Dignity of Chancellor and Vicechancellor doth reside in the Magistrates and Town-Council of Edinburgh, who are the only Patrons. I do not find that ever the Dignity was conferred upon any single person. The Persons founded were, A Principal or Warden, A Professor of Divinity, Four Masters or Regent's (for so they are called) of Philosophy, A Professor or Regent of Humanity (Humanarum literarum and Philologie. Since the first Foundation, the Town hath added a Professor of Hebrew, Anno 1640. and Doctor Conradus Otto, a Learned Jew, was the first Professor: And a Professor of Mathematics, preferring James Gregory, Fellow of the Royal Society, to the place, Anno 1674. Benefactors. King James the Sixth, Founder. The College was built, and the Masters and Bursars are maintained, by the public and private Benevolence of the Citizens of Edinburgh. Some Donations have been by others, but not considerable. All the Benefactors Names are inserted in the Books of the Town-Council, and in the Register of the Library; and are also drawn in Gold Letters upon several places on the Walls of the Library, together with their several Donations; and also at the time of the public Commencement (which is once every year) they are recited (viuâ voce) in the hearing of all. The Library was founded by Clement Little, one of the Officials or Commissaries of Edinburgh, Anno 1635. since which time it is much increased, both by Donatives from the Citizens, as also from the Scholars, who are more in number here then in any other College in the Kingdom. Principals. 1583. Robert Rollock, one of the Ministers of the City, who was likewise Professor of Divinity, (for all the Principals here are Primarii Professores Theologie,) was the first Principal, and rector of the University. 1600. Henry Charters. 1620. Patrick Sands. 1622. Robert Boyd. 1625. John Adamson. 1653. Robert Leighton, who was afterwards preferred to be Bishop of Dumblane. 1662. William Colvil. 1675. Andrew Cant. Professors of Divinity. 162—. Andrew Ramsay. 1630. John Sharp, Doctor of Divinity. 1650. David Dickson, 1664. William Keith, Doctor of Divinity. 1675. Laurence Charters. Present Professors. Andrew Cant, Principal. Laurence Charters, Professor of Divinity. Alexander Dickson, Hebrew Professor. James Pillan, John Wishart, John Wood, William Paterson, Professors of Philosophy. Gilbert Mackmurdo, Professor of Humanity. William Henderson, Library-keeper. No Professor of Mathematics since Mr. gregory's death. There is no Coat of Arms peculiar to this University; but the Magistrates allow them to use the Arms of the City. Learned men and Writers. Robert Rollock, Principal a person of great worth and Learning. He wrote Commentaries on the Psalms and some of the Prophets: some Sermons and Pieces of Devotion were also published by him: but of him see the former History, Page 454. Henry Charters, Principal, a person of great modesty and humility, and well seen in Theological Learning. Patrick Sands, Doctor of Divinity, Principal, a man very learned in the Mathematics. John Adamson, Principal, a man of great Learning, and of very quick Parts. Alexander Henderson, rector of the University, and one of the Ministers in the City, the greatest Ringleader of the Covenanters, and often employed by them in the affairs of Church and State, both in Scotland and England, was a person of great gravity and composedness, and of considerable Learning. That Debate between His late Majesty and him at Newcastle 1646. about Church-Government, and the occasion he then had of knowing that Blessed Martyr, wrought much upon him, so that he went back to Scotland much changed in his Principles; and it was believed, that if he had lived, he would have been very instrumental in the King's service; but he died soon after, and was much lamented, being the most universally-esteemed man of all the Party. William Colvil, Principal, a man of very moderate temper. He was deposed by the Covenanters, and yet he would never accept Preferment, though divers Bishoprics were proffered to him. He wrote divers Pieces, which are printed, in English, and Ethica Christians in Latin. William Keith, Doctor and Professor of Divinity, a man of great Learning, who had diligently studied both the Fathers and Schoolmen, and was a great Master of Languages, being very well skilled in the Hebrew and Rabbinical Learning. He was wholly mortified and denied to the world, and led a most severe and ascetical kind of life. He died Anno 1674. I forbear to mention those Learned Professors in the Four Universities who are yet alive; and therefore I leave it to those who shall follow, to celebrate their fame to posterity. CHAP. 4. Of the GOVERNMENT and LAWS of SCOTLAND THE Kingdom of Scotland hath been governed by Kings in as long a Succession as any Nation in the world. The King is an absolute and unaccountable Monarch, and (as the Law calls him) a Free Prince, of a Sovereign Power; 15. Par. Jac. 5. c. 25. having as great Liberties and Prerogatives by the Laws of this Realm, and Privilege of His Crown and Diadem, as any other King, Prince or Potentate whatsoever. So that it is delivered as a Maxim in the Heads of our Law, Title 8. by Sir John Skeen. That all Jurisdiction stands and consists in the King's Person, by reason of His Royal Authority and Crown, and is competent to no Subject, but flows and proceeds from the King having Supreme Jurisdiction, and is given and committed by Him to such Subjects as He pleases. The Crown of Scotland descends by Inheritance, the Heir female not being excluded; and the undoubted Right to it has been for above three hundred years in the Family of the Stewarts, and is now in the Person of King CHARLES the Second, whom God long preserve. Upon the death of a King, the next Heir is presently King and the Coronation is only a solemn Instalment in that which was his Right before. All the difference between our Kings before and after their Coronation is, that they hold only Conventions of Estates, but no Parliaments, before they are Crowned: of the distinction of which an account shall be given afterwards. When a King is Crowned, he swears the Oath appointed to be taken at the Coronation, which before the Reformation was no other than the Oath set down in the Roman Pontifical to be sworn by Kings; for there is no Provision made about it in our Laws: 1. Parl. Jac. 6. c. 8. Anno 1567. but at the Reformation it was enacted, That all Kings at the time of their Coronation should make their faithful Promise by Oath, etc. which Oath is to be found in that Act, and to it the Reader is referred. The Prerogatives of the Crown are great; the Power of Peace and War, the Power of raising and arming the Subjects, the Power of the Mint, the Nomination of all Officers, both of the State, and of War and Justice, (except some Sheriffs that are such by Inheritance,) the Power of Calling, Adjourning, (Prorogation is not in our Law) and Dissolving of Parliaments, the giving the Votes of Parliament the Authority of Laws, the executing of the Law, and the pardoning of Offences, are clearly and only in the Crown. But to these, other great Additions have been made in the two Parliaments held since His MAJESTIE'S Restauration. For whereas the Supremacy in Ecclesiastical affairs was always in the Crown since the Reformation; yet in the Reign of King James the Sixth the Power of the General Assembly was raised very high by Law, which was the chief foundation of the late Troubles; it being pretended, that it was contrary to Law for the King to introduce any thing into the Church without the consent of a General Assembly. It was therefore enacted in Parliament, Act 1.2. Par. held by the Duke of Lauderdail. That the External Government and Polity of the Church was wholly in the King's power; and that his Orders sent to the Privy Council, and published by them, about all Ecclesiastical matters, Meetings and Persons, were to be obeyed by the Subjects, any Law or Practice to the contrary notwithstanding. So that in all matters that relate to the Chuch-Government the King's Power is absolute. The Second Point is about the Militia. By the ancient Laws of Scotland, a The Laws of Alex. 2.1. Par. Jac. 1. cap 4. 13. Par. Jac. 2. cap. 57 all the King's Subjects were to assist him in his Wars. Upon which a great enlargement of the King's Prerogative was grafted of late by two b 1. Parl. Car. 2. third Session, Act 25. 2. Par. Car. 2. Act 2. Acts of Parliament; the Kingdom of Scotland offering to the King, to raise and arm Twenty thoussand Foot and Two thousand Horse, and to furnish them with forty days Provision, to march into any of His majesty's Dominions of Scotland, England or Ireland, for suppressing any Foreign Invasion, Intestine Trouble or Insurrection, or for any other Service wherein His majesty's Honour, Authority or Greatness may be concerned. And these Forces, by another Act, are to give due Obedience to all such Directions as they shall receive from His majesty's Privy Council. A Third Point is the Ordering and disposing of Trade with Foreign Nations, c 1. Parl. Car. 2. third Session, Act 26. and the laying of Restraints and Impositions upon Foreign imported Commodities; which is declared a Prerogative of the Crown. With these Sacred Rights is the Crown of Scotland clothed. The King's Revenue consisted anciently most in the Crown-Lands which could not be alienated but by Act of Parliament, and in the Wards and Marriages of the Vassals of the Crown. But most of these have been of late years given away, and most of the Tenors of Lands are changed, although there has been no general Law for taking away the Wards. The Revenue is now raised out of the Customs and the Excise. The last is given to this King for life, but the former is in the Crown for ever. The rest is raised out of what remains of the Crown-Lands and the Wards. The Persons nearest in blood to the King are, first, all the Issue of King James and King Charles; which are so well known to every one, that they need not be repeated. Next to them are all that are descended from the Daughter of King James the Second, (since whom, till the Queen of Bohemia, no Collateral Branch sprung from the Royal Family of whom any Issue remains,) who was married to James Lord Hamilton, and had issue, first, James, created Earl of Arran, whose Son was the Duke of Chastelberault, from whom by two Sons and two Daughters are descended the Families of Hamilton and Abercorn, and the Families of Huntly and Launderdail. And by an Act of Parliament, signed by all the Three Estates, (the Original whereof is yet extant,) in the Reign of Queen Mary, the Duke of Chastelberault's Family is declared, next the Queen and her Issue, the rightful Heir of the Crown. The Sister of King James the Third bore likewise to the Lord Hamilton a Daughter, married to the Earl of Lennox, from whom descended the Family of Lennox. There is no other Branch of the Royal Family, since it was in the Line of the Stewarts, except the Earl of Cassils' his Family, whose Ancestor, the Lord Kennedy, married King James the First's Sister, from which Marriage that Family is descended. And so much of the Royal Family. The Chief and Supreme Court is the High Court of Parliament, which is made up of Three Estates. The First is the Ecclesiastical, that of old consisted of the Bishops and Mitered Abbots, but since the Reformation consists only of Archbishops and Bishops. The Second Estate is the Nobility, who were anciently divided into the Greater Barons and the Lesser, (for every man that holds Lands of the Crown with a Privilege of holding a Court, much like the Lord of a Manor in England, is called a Baron,) and all were obliged to appear personally in Parliament, (for Proxies were never allowed by the Law of Scotland,) and give the King Counsel. This proved a very heavy burden to the small Barons, upon which they desired to be excused from their attendance in Parliament: Parl. 7. c. 101. and this was granted to them as a favour in King James the First's reign. And though by that Act they might have sent two or three, or more, to represent them from every Shire; Parl. 11. Jac. 6. c. 113. yet they made no use of that for above 150 years: but King James the Sixth, to balance the Nobility, got them restored to that Right; so that ever since there are two sent from every Shire, who are Commissioners for the Shires. The Third Estate is the Burroughs, every one of which chooseth one Commissioner; only the City of Edinburgh, as the Metropolis, chooseth two. The Parliament is summoned by Proclamation made at the Head-Burrough of every Shire 40 days before they meet; upon which the Shires and Burroughs meet about their Elections. Every man that holds Lands of the Crown, that in the Rolls of the Taxation (the ancient Name of Subsidies or Assessments) are valued at 40 shillings Scotish money of Taxation to the King, which will be in real value about Ten pounds Sterling a year, is an elector, and may be Elected, so he be rightly vested in the Land, or (according to the Scotish terms) enfeoffed and seized, and be not at the King's Horn, (that is, under an Outlawry.) The Electours subscribe the Commissions they give, and so their Commissioner is returned: and if there be cross Elections, the Parliament is the only Judge. In the Burroughs the Common-Council of the Town makes the Election. When the day comes in which the Parliament is to be held, the Regalia, the Crown, Sceptre, and the Sword of State, which are kept in the Castle of Edinburgh, are brought down in State to the King's Palace, and are to be carried by three of the ancientest Earls that are upon the place, bareheaded, before the King or His Commissioner. In the great Court before the King's Palace all the Members of Parliament do mount on Horseback with Footcloths, etc. The Burgesses ride first, the Commissioners of the Shires next; then the Lords, Viscounts, and Earls, in their Robes, the last of whom do carry the Regalia, the Lion Herald, with some Heralds and Pursuivants riding before the Honours; last of all, when the King is present in person, rides the Lord Chancellor, bearing the Great Seal: but this is not done before a Commissioner. After these rides the King or His Commissioner, with the High Constable (who is by Inheritance the Earl of Arroll) on his right hand, with a white Batton on his hand; and the great Marischal (who is also by Inheritance the Earl Marischal) on his left hand, with a silver Batton in his hand. If the King be present in person, the Marquesses and Dukes ride after the Earls; but if His Commissioner only be there, they follow him at some distance. At the outward Gate of the Parliament-house they all alight off their horses, and the Earl Marischal receives and conducts the King to the inner Gate, where he is received by the High Constable, and led into the House where the Parliament is held. The Throne is raised six steps high, with a State over it; and there the King, or the Commissioner in His absence, sits. And in the first step under him, on a Bench, sits the Lord Chancellor, with other Officers of State on both hands of him. In the next step under these sit the Lords of Session, or Judges. On the right hand of the Throne is the Bishop's Bench, that rises up three steps and rows of Benches. On the highest the two Archbishops sit, and in the lower steps sit the Bishops according to the dignity of their Sees. On the left hand of the Throne there is another great Bench of three steps and rows of Benches, on which sit the Nobility according to their precedency. In the middle of the Floor there are two Tables; on the one of them the Regalia are laid, and in two great Chairs by them sit the Constable and the Marischal: at the other Table sits the Lord Clerk of Registers with his Deputy-Clerks, who are the Clerks of the Parliament. There are also Fourms placed on the floor: those on the right side are for the Commissioners of the Shires, and those on the left hand are for the Commissioners of the Burroughs. When all are placed, the Parliament is fenced (as the phrase is) in the King's Name. Then the King speaks to them, (if He be present,) sitting in His Robes, with the Crown on His Head, all standing up bareheaded: but when a Commissioner represents Him, he is in an ordinary Suit, and stands and speaks also bareheaded, (nor is the Commissioner covered but when there is pleading at the Bar, but continues bareheaded, as all the Members are,) and tells them the reason for which they are called together; which is enlarged upon by the Lord Chancellor. Then they go about the choosing of the Lords of the Articles, who are Eight for every State, who have been chosen in different ways. Sometimes the Bishops did choose the eight Lords of the Nobility, and the Nobility eight for the Bishops; at other times the Bishops did choose their own eight, and the Nobility their eight: but now it is settled by an Act of Parliament, that the King or His Commissioner names eight of the Bishops, the Lords choose eight for themselves: and those sixteen do choose eight Commissioners for the Shires, and as many Commissioners for the Burroughs. These Thirty two are the Committee of Parliament to prepare Matters. When a Bill is drawn by them, it is brought into the Parliament. And anciently all these Bills were brought in the last day of Parliament, on which the Members ride in the same State as they do the first day: and the Bills being read, they were put to the Vote of Parliament, and either were approved, or not: and then being approved, were presented to the King, who by touching them with the Sceptre gave His Assent to them, which also is done by His Commissioner in His absence; if he refused to touch them, they were of no force. But of late times matters have been at full length and freely debated in Parliament. They sit all in one House, and every one answers distinctly to his Name, and gives his Vote, which is in these Terms, I approve, or not: only those who are not satisfied one way or another. say, Non liquet; which is a great ease to those who are conscientious, and a common refuge to the cunning Politician: the major Vote carries it. No Dissents or Protests are allowed in public Acts, but are accounted treasonable; but in private Acts, that relate to men's Properties and Rights, any one may protest for his Interest. After all business is ended, the King or His Commissioner makes a Speech to them, and dissolves them. A Convention of Estates is made up of the same Members that constitute a Parliament, but can make no Laws; only that can lay Impositions on the Subjects: they do not sit in state, and have been most used before the Kings were Crowned. The Lord Chancellor is Precedent in both these Courts, and the Votes are taken and numbered by the Clerk of Registers. And whatever Acts are passed in Parliament or Convention, are to be proclaimed soon after their Dissolution at the public Mercat-Cross of Edinburgh, by the Lion Herald, (who is at present Sir Charles Erskin of Cambo,) with a great deal of state and Ceremony; Par. 8. Jac. 6 cap. 130 after which they are obligatory on the Subjects. And so much for the Parlaiment and the Three Estates, whose Authority is supreme: and it is Enacted, that none of the Liege's shall presume to impugn the Dignity and Authority of the Three Estates, or to seek or procure the Innovation or Diminution of the Power and Authority of the same Three Estates, or any of them, in time coming, under the pain of Treason. The Government of the Kingdom being wholly in the Crown, the King administers it by His Officers of State and Privy Council. The Officers of State are Eight. The First is the Lord Chancellor, who is Keeper of the Great Seal, and Precedent in all Courts wherever he is, except in the Exchequer. This Office is now in the person of the Right Honourable John Leslie Earl of Rothes. The Second Officer is the Lord High Treasurer, who governs the Revenue, and presides in the Exchequer. This Office is now in Commission. The Third Officer is the Lord Privy Seal, who is at present the Marquis of Athol. These three take place of all the Nobility. The Fourth Officer is the Lord Secretary, who keeps the Signet, and is a Lord by his Office, and takes place of all of his rank. The Office of Secretary is executed by his Grace the Duke of Lauderdail. The Fifth Officer is the Lord Clerk of Registers, who has the charge of all the public Records, Rolls and Registers, and names all the Clerks of Parliament and Session, and the Keepers of public Registers. The Sixth Officer is the King's Advocate, who is also called the Lord Advocate. He is commonly a Judge, except in Causes in which the King is concerned; and in those he pleads in the King's Name. The present Advocate is Sir John Nubet of Dirlton. The Seventh Officer is the Lord Treasurer Deputy, who is assistant to the Lord High Treasurer, and is a Check upon him, and presides in the Exchequer in his absence. This Office is executed by Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton. The Eighth Officer is the Lord Justice Clerk, who assists the Lord Justice general in Criminal causes. The present Justice Clerk is Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie. All these have the Title of Lord, and the precedency of all under Noblemen and their eldest Sons. The Privy Council is chiefly employed about public Affairs, and judges of Riots and any Disturbance given to the Peace of the Kingdom. Anciently the Lords of the Session were the King's Council, and so are still called the Lords of Council and Session: but the Power of the Privy Council has been most raised since King James got the Crown of England, that by reason of the King's necessary absence from Scotland, the King hath lodged much of His Power with the Privy Council. Lawyers do plead the causes of Riots before them; and when Sentence is given, every Privy Counsellor gives his Vote, and the major Vote carries it. Lords of His Majesty's Privy Council. John Earl of Rothes, Chancellor of the Kingdom, Lord Precedent of the Privy Council. James Lord Archbishop of Saint Andrews his Grace. John Duke of Lauderdail his Grace. Alexander Lord Archbishop of Glasgow his Grace. William Marquis of Douglas. John Marquis of Athol. Archbald Earl of Argile. John Earl of Errol. George Earl Marischal. William Earl of Morton. Alexander Earl of Murray. Charles Earl of Mar. — Earl of Linlithgow. John Earl of Wigton. Patrick Earl of Kinghorn. Alexander Earl of Kelley. David Earl of Weemis. James Earl of Airley. William Earl of Dundonald. George Lord Ross. Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton. Sir James Dalrymple of Stair. Sir John Nisbet of Dirleton. Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie. Sir James Fowlis of Collington. Sir William Sharp of Stainibill. Sir William Scot of Ardross. Sir George Kinnaird of Rossie. Sir John Wachop of Nidrie. Sir Gerge Monro of Culkairn. Lieutenant General Thomas Dalyell. The Supreme Court of Judicature about the Property of the Subject is called the College of Justice, or the Session; which was anciently an ambulatory Court, but was settled as it now is by King James the Fifth, Anno Christi 1532. to consist of fourteen, who are called Senators of the College of Justice, or Lords of Council and Session, and a Precedent; to whom are added the Lord Chancellor, and four extraordinary Lords, who are of the chief Nobility. The extraordinary Lords have no Salary, and are not obliged to attendance; but when they come, they have a Vote. This Court sits from the first of June till the last of July, and from the first of November till Christmas-Eve, and from the first of January till the last of February: they sit from 9 a clock in the Morning till 12, all the days of the Week except Sunday and Monday. There is an Outer House, and an Inner. In the Outer there is a Bench, where one of the Senators sits a Week, (and all of them except the Precedent have their turns in it,) who hears all Causes originally; and where the Case is clear, he gives Sentence: But if it be difficult, or if either party desires it, he reports it to the rest of the Senators; who either send out their Answer by him, or if it be very intricate, and the parties or either of them desire it, do appoint it to be heard before themselves. This is a Court of great dispatch. But besides the Judge on the Bench, there is a Side-Bar, to which one of the Judges comes out weekly by turns, as in the former, and receives and answers all Petitions and Bills. The Inner House, where all the rest of the Senators sit, is a Court of great State and Order. The Senators sit in a semicircle in Robes: under them sit their Clerks, who write the most material heads of all that is pleaded at the Bar, where the Plead are long and very learned. When the Senators have (after all the parties are removed) reconsidered their Arguments, they give their Sentence, and the major Vote carries it. Their final Sentence determines the business, there lying no Appeal from them, (only the Parliament, as the Supreme Court, may review and repeal their Sentence:) and they are called Decreets, from the Latin Decreta. Senators of the College of Justice. Sir James Dalrymple of Stair, President. Sir John Nubet of Dirleton. Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie. Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton. Sir James Fowlis of Collington. Sir Robert Nairn of Strathurd. Sir David Nevoy of Nevoy. Sir Peter Wederburn of Gosfurd. Sir John Baird of Newbyth. Sir John Lockart of Castlehill. Sir Richard Maitland of Pitrichie. Sir David Balfour of Forret. Sir Thomas Murray. Sir James Fowlis of— Sir David Falconar of Newton. The Law of Scotland is made up of the Municipal and Civil Laws. The Municipal consists either of Acts of Parliaments, or of the Customs and Practics of the College of Justice, which are held of no less force than Acts of Parliament: and where neither of these contradicts the Civil Law, the Roman Law is of force. This makes our Lawyers generally great Civilians; for they go either to Leiden, Poitiers, or Bourges, and study the Civil Law, in which some are learned to a high degree. The Law of Scotland is easy and regular, by reason of our Registers, which are so full, that Titles are much more easily cleared here then can be done where those Registers are not: which may appear from the following Instances. No man can have a Right to any Estate but by his being seized of it, which is done by the delivery of Earth and Stone; upon which an Instrument is form called a Sasine, and this must be registered within 60 days, otherwise it is of no force: by which means all secret Conveyances are cut off: for if no Sasine be passed upon them, or if these be not put in the public Registers, (which every one may search,) the Conveyance is of no force. All Bonds have a Clause in them for inserting them in the public Registers; and they being registered, without any farther action, by a charge of six days the Debtor must make payment, otherwise Writs called Letters of Horning, Caption and poinding, are given out: by the first of which the party is under Outlawry and Rebellion, and forfeits to the King his personal Estate; and if he continues a year under it, the Life-rent of his real Estate: in which the Creditor is to be preferred for his interest, the rest goes into the Exchequer. By the Letters of Caption the party is seized on, and put in prison: nor is his House a place of security, but may be searched for him. By the Letters of poinding the Debitor's Goods may be distrained, wherever they can be found. A third Instance, to which I shall add no more, is, that any Creditor may serve a Writ on his Debtor, called Letters of Inhibition, by which he can make no Disposition of his Goods or Estate, till the party be satisfied; and all is null that he does after that, if these Letters be returned and registered within 21 days after they are served, otherwise they have no force. The next Supreme Court is the Justice Court, where all Criminals are tried. It consisted anciently of a Lord Justice General, and a Lord Justice Clerk, who was his Assistant. The Earls of Argile had this Office by Inheritance: but King Charles the First agreed with the Earl of Argile, and gave him the hereditary Justiciarship in the Highlands, for which he laid down his Pretensions to the other. The Justice General is not bound to serve in person, but might do it by Deputies, and he commonly named two: but the Parliament changed this Anno 1669. and appointed four of the Judges to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General and the Lord Justice Clerk. All Trials for Life are in this Court, which sits every Friday in the time of Session in the afternoon. Here all the Subjects, Peers as well as Commons, are tried: nor is there any difference between the Trial of a Peer and of a Commoner, but that the greater part of the Peers Jury (called by the Scotish Law an Assize) must be Peers. Fifteen make a Jury. The Foreman, who is called the Chancellor of the Assize, gathers and reports their Votes: the major Vote determines the matter. The present Justice General is the Earl of Murray. The next Supreme Court is the Exchequer. That consists of the Lord Treasurer, (or the Commissioners of the Treasury, when it is in Commission,) the Lord Treasurer Deputy, and some Assistants, called the Lords of Exchequer, who have little power, the Lord Treasurer and the Lord Treasurer Deputy carrying all matters in it as they please. Here all the King's Grants, Pensions, Gifts of Wards, Letters Patents, and such like, are to be passed. And these are the Supreme Civil Courts. The Seat of those Courts is Edinburgh, which has been long the chief Seat of the Government: and though the making of Circuits for giving Justice has been oft begun; yet the charge it puts the Country to is found a greater inconvenience, than the bringing up all their Affairs to Edinburgh. Next to these Supreme Courts there are other inferior Courts. And, First, there are many Regalities in the Kingdom, where the Lord of the Regality has a Royal Jurisdiction within his grounds, and power of Life and death, besides many other great Immunities and Privileges. This began chiefly in Church-Lands; for all the Bishops and most of the Abbots had these Regalities granted them: some of the ancient and great Peers likewise got the same power bestowed on them, but many more have lately got their Lands erected into Regalities. The Judge is called the Bailif of the Regality, who sits as often as there is cause. Most of the Bailiffs of the Bishops are so by Inheritance; for these were given by the King, since a Churchman cannot give a Commission in Causa Sanguinis. There are also in all the Shires of Scotland Sheriffs, who are the Judges in all matters of Meum and Tuum, in Thefts, and in all lesser Crimes, as likewise in Murders, if the Murderer be taken in hot blood, as they call it, when the person is newly slain. But though there lies no Appeal in any Court in this Kingdom, yet there is somewhat equivalent to it; for the Supreme Courts by a Writ called an Advocation may take any Cause out of the hands of inferior Judges, and order it to be brought before themselves. Most of the Sheriffs were anciently such by Inheritance: and it being in this Kingdom no matter of charge, but of profit, it gave the Hereditary Sheriffs so great a power in their Shires, that our Kings of late have thought sit to agree with many of those Sheriffs for their Rights, by which it comes to pass that divers of them are now in the King's gift. The Sheriffs may either sit and give Judgement themselves, or do it by a Deputy; which they most commonly do, except in some greater cases. SHIRES or COUNTIES of SCOTLAND, and their SHERIFFS. SHIRES. SHERIFFS. The Shire of Edinburgh containeth Middle Lothian. Sir Charles Maitland of Hatton. The Shire of Berwick containeth Mers. The Earl of Hume. The Shire of Peeblis containeth Tweeddail. The Earl of Tweeddail. The Shire of Selkirk containeth the Forest of Etterick. The Shire of Roxburgh containeth Teviotdail, Lidisdail, Eskdail, Ewsdail, etc. Duke of Buckleugh. The Shire of Dumfreis containeth Nithisdail, and Annandail. Earl of Queensbury. The Shire of Wigton containeth the West part of Galloway. Sir Patrick Agnew of Lochnaw. The Shire of Air containeth Kyle, Carrict, and Cunninghame. Earl of Dumfreis. The Shire of Renfrew containeth the Barony of Renfrew. Earl of Eglington. The Shire of Lanerick containeth Clidsdail. Duke of Hamilton. The Shire of Dumbritton containeth Lennox. Duke of Lennox. The Shire of Bute containeth the Isles of Bute and Arran, etc. Sir James Stewart of— The Shire of Innerara containeth Argile, Lorn, Kintyre, the most part of the West Isles, as Ila, Jura, Mull, Wyist, Terife, Coll, Lismore, etc. Earl of Argile. The Shire of Perth containeth Athol, Goury, Glenshee, Strath-Ardel, Braid Albain, Rainach, Balwhidder, Glenurqhuay, Stormont, Menteith, and Strath-Jern. Marquis of Athol. The Shire of Striveling lieth on both sides of the River Forth. Earl of Mar. The Shire of Linlithgow containeth West Lothian. Earl of Calendar. The Shire of Clackmannan containeth a small part of Fife lying on the River Forth towards Striveling. Sir David Bruce of Clackmannan. The Shire of Kinross containeth so much of Fife as lieth between Loch-Leiven and the Ochell Hills. Earl of Morton. The Shire of Cowper containeth the rest of Fife. Earl of Rothes. The Shire of Forfar containeth Angus with its pertinents, as Glen-Ila, Glen-Esk, Glen-Prossin, etc. Earl of South-Esk. The Shire of Kincairden containeth Mernis. Earl Marischal. The Shire of Aberdene containeth Mar with its pertinents, as Birse, Glen-Taner, Glenmuik, Strath-Dee, Strath-Don, Bray of Mar and Cromar, most part of Buchan, Forumarten, Gareoch, and Strathbogie-land. Earl of Dunfermline. The Shire of Bamff containeth a small part of Buchan, Strathdovern, Boyn, Enzie, Strathawin and Balveny. Sir James Baird of Auchmedden. The Shire of Elgin containeth the Eastern part of Murray. Robert Dumbar of— The Shire of Nairne containeth the West part of Murray. The Shire of Innerness containeth Badenoch, Lochabyr, and the South part of Ross. Earl of Murray. The Shire of Cromarty containeth a small part of Ross lying on the South side of Cromarty Firth. Sir John Vrqhuart of Cromarty. The Shire of Taine containeth the rest of Ross, with the Isles of Sky, Lewes, and Harrigh. Earl of Seaforth. The Shire of Dornoch containeth Sutherland, and Strathnavern. Earl of Sutherland. The Shire of Weik containeth Cathnes. Earl of Cathnes. The Shire of Orkney containeth all the Isles of Orkney and Schetland. The Constabularie of Hadington containeth East Lothian, and Lauderdail. Duke of Lauderdail. STEWARTRIES. STEWARDS. Strath-Jern, Earl of Perth. Menteith, Earl of Menteith. Annandail. Earl of Annandail. Kirkubright containeth the East part of Galloway. Earl of Nithisdail. BAILIARIES. BAILIFFS. Kile. Carrict. Earl of Cassils'. Cunninghame. Earl of Eglington. Besides these, every man that holds a Barony of the King has a Baron-Court, in which lesser matters are also judged, and they may Fine and Distrain. Anciently these Baron-Courts might judge of Life and death; but that is now out of use. For all the other particulars that relate to the Regalities, Superiorities, and other things of the Law of Scotland, such as are curious may find full satisfaction in that most learned Work of craig's de Jure Fendali, written in Latin, and Printed at Edinburgh in Folio. The Military Government in Scotland of every County is not lodged in one person, but the Regiments of Foot are commanded by Colonels, and the Troops of Horse by Captains, named by the King, without any dependence upon one Lord Lieutenant: nor are there Deputy-Lieutenants, but the Lieutenant-Colonels and other Officers are named by the King, as is usual in an Army. The Court of Admiralty sits in Leith, the chief Seaport of this Kingdom; but has not much business, except in times of War to judge of Prizes. The present High Admiral is His Royal Highness, James Duke of York. The Burroughs of Scotland are of three sorts; either Royal burgh's, burgh's of Regality, or burgh's of Barony. The former have Commissioners in Parliament, and besides are a State apart, for they meet yearly in a Convention called the Convention of Burroughs, to which a Commissioner comes from every one of them. There they make Laws for themselves about Trade, and other things relating to their Corporations. They hold these Meetings in a Circuit around the chief, or, as they call them, the Head burgh's: and at the end of one Convention, they name the time and place for the next. In these burgh's there is a Provost, who has the chief Power; and there are four Bailiffs that are next to him in the Government: there is also a Dean of Gilled, who is the chief Judge among the Merchants, likewise a Treasurer, and a Common Council; the one half of which is chosen yearly by the Merchants, the other half by the Tradesmen; who have likewise a Court of their own, in which there is one from every Trade, who is called the Deacon of the Trade, and a Deacon Conveener, who is their Precedent, and calls a Meeting of them when he pleases. Those Deacons are chosen yearly by all the Freemen of their Trade, and have a little Jurisdiction over them. There are in most burgh's great Animosities and Factions between the Merchants and Tradesmen. The burgh's of Regality are the Towns where these Lords hold their Courts. The chief Magistrates are named by the Lord, the rest they choose themselves. They have also great Freedoms, little inferior to the Royal burgh's; only they have no Commissioners in Parliament. The burgh's of Barony are Mercat-Towns, where the Lord of the Barony names some of their Magistrates, and the Corporation chooses the rest. In all these burgh's the Magistracy is no matter of burden nor charge, but of Power and Advantage; from whence arise great Factions almost in them all. A Catalogue of the Free CORPORATIONS or Royal BURGHS in SCOTLAND. Edinburgh, in Lothian. Linlithgow, in Lothian. Hadington, in Lothian. North-Berwick, in Lothian. Dumbar, in Lothian. Saint Andrews, in Fife. Cowper, in Fipe. Dunfermlin, in Fipe. Kirkaldy, in Fipe. Craill in Fipe. Anstruther, in Fipe. Pittenweem, in Fipe. Dysert, in Fipe. Earles-ferry, in Fipe. Kinghorn, in Fipe. Burnt-Island, in Fipe. Culross, in Fipe. Clackmannan, in Fipe. Queens-ferry, in Fipe. Dundee, in Augus. Montross, in Augus. Forfar, in Augus. Brichen, in Augus. Arbroath, in Augus. Kirkubright, in Galloway. Wigton, in Galloway. Whithorn, in Galloway. Stranraver, in Galloway. Glasgow, in Clidisdail. Lanerick, in Clidisdail. Elgin, in Murray. Nairn, in Murray. Forres, in Murray. Ranfrew, in Ranfrewshire. Pasley, in Ranfrewshire. Ruglen, in Ranfrewshire. Aberdene, in Mar. Kintor, in Mar. Bamff, in Boyn. Cullen, in Boyn. Innerness, in Ross. Ta'en, in Ross. Air, in Kyle. Irwing, in Cunninghame. Rothsay, in Bute. Dumbarton, in Lennox. Innerara, in Argile. Jedburgh, in Teviotdail. Peeblis, in Tweeddail. Selkirk, in Forrestshire. Striveling, upon Forth. Dumblane, in Menteith. Innerkeithing, in Fife. Dornoch, in Sutherland. Annand, in Annandail. Dumfreis, in Nithisdail. Sanqbuar, in Nithisdail. Bervie, in Mernis. Innerowrie, in Gareoch. The People of Scotland are naturally candid and honest, stout and resolute, which makes them so much valued beyond the Seas, the only School of War to them since the happy Conjunction of this Island under one King. They naturally love their King. The Nobility have great Power, chiefly in the Highlands, where their Families (commonly called Clannes) depend absolutely upon the head of the Name, whom they commonly call their Chief. But the great Power of the Nobility of late years is much abated, yet they are still very considerable. The Property of the Subject is fully secured by Law: and though the King has great Prerogatives, yet the People have also great Liberties and Freedoms. The COMMISSIONERS that have represented our KINGS since K. JAMES was settled on the Throne of England were as follows. KING JAMES the VI John Grabame, Earl of Montross, Commissioner, 1604. George Hume, Earl of Dumbar, Commissioner, 1606. George Keith, Earl Marischal, Commissioner, 1609. Alexander Seaton, Earl of Dunfermlin, Commissioner, 1612. James Hamilton, Marquis of Hamilton, Commissioner, 1621. Anno 1625. KING CHARLES' the I. Crowned Anno 1633. James Hamilton, Marquis of Hamilton, Commissioner, 1638. John Stewart, Earl of Traquair, Commissioner, 1639. James Grahame, Marquis of Montross, Governor, 1644. Anno 1649. KING CHARLES' the II. Crowned Anno 1651. John Middleton, Earl of Middleton, Commissioner, 1660. John Leslie, Earl of Rothes, Commissioner, 1663. John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdail, Commisioner, 1669. A Catalogue of the CHANCELLORS of the Kingdom, since the year 1198. collected out of Histories. 1198. William Malvoisin, Bishop of Glasgow. 1220. William de Boseo, Bishop of Dumblane. 1226. Matthew Kinninmouth, Bishop of Aberdene. 1239. William Babington, Bishop of Glasgow. 1247.— Abbot of— 1248. Richard of Innerkeithing, Bishop of Dumblane. 1259. Gamelinus, Bishop of Saint Andrews. 1273. William Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow. 1280. William Fraser, Bishop of Saint Andrews. 1298. Maurice, Bishop of the Isles. 1363. Adam, Bishop of Brichen. 1372. Patrick, Bishop of Brichen. 1380. John Lion, Lord Glammes. 1390. Gilbert Grimlaw, Bishop of Aberdene. 1409. William Lawder, Bishop of Glasgow. 1434. John, Bishop of Brichen. 1436. Sir William Creighton of Creighton. 1444. James Bruce, Bishop of Dunkeld. 1448. Patrick Lion, Lord Glammes. 1453. William Sinclare, Earl of Orkney. 1463. George Shorswood, Bishop of Brichen. 1474. John Lang, Bishop of Glasgow. 1476. Andrew Stewart, Lord Evendail. 1484. William Elphingston, Bishop of Aberdene. 1494. Archbald Douglas, Earl of Angus. 1497. George Gordon, Earl of huntley. 1502. James Stewart, Archbishop of Saint Andrews. 1512. Alexander Stewart, Archbishop of Saint Andrews. 1518. James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow. 1526. Gavin Dumbar, Archbishop of Glasgow. 1534. William Stewart, Bishop of Aberdene. 1539. Cardinal David Beaton, Archbishop of Saint Andrews. 1561. George Gordon, Earl of huntley. 1563. James Douglas, Earl of Morton. 1567. George Gordon, Earl of huntley. 1570. James Douglas, Earl of Morton again. 1572. Archbald campbel, Earl of Argile. 1575. John Lion, Lord Glammes. 1578. John Stewart, Earl of Athol. 1579. Coline campbel, Earl of Argile. 1584. James Stewart, Earl of Arran. 1591. John Maitland, Lord of Thirlstane. 1598. John Grahame, Earl of Montross. 1604. Alexander Seaton, Earl of Dunfermlin. 1622. George Hay, Earl of Hinnoule. 1635. John Spotiswood, Archbishop of Saint Andrews. 1641. John campbel, Earl of Lowdoun. 1660. William Cunnighame, Earl of Glencairn. 1665. John Leslie, Earl of Rothes, present Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, 1676. Writers of the Scotish History. COrnelius Hibernicus. Veremundus, a Spaniard, Archdeacon of Saint Andrews, wrote the History of the Nation from its original till the reign of King Malcolm the Third. Joannes à Campo Bello, or campbel. Turgot, Prior of Durham, and Bishop of Saint Andrews, wrote the Lives of King Malcolm Canmoir and of his Queen Margaret. Liber Sconae, a Chronicle written by the Monks of Scoon. Liber Pasletensis, the Black Book of Paislay, a Chronicle written by the Monks of Paislay. Liber Pluscartensis, a Chronicle wriiten by the Monks of Pluscardy. One Blind Henry wrote the History of Sir William Wallace in Scotish Meeter. John Barbour, Archdeacon of Aberdene, did write the Life of King Robert Bruce in Scotish Meeter. John Major, Provost of Saint Salvator's College in Saint Andrews, wrote the History of the Nation. William Elphingston, Bishop of Aberdene, wrote a Treatise of the Scotish Antiquities. Hector Both, or Boys, Principal of the King's College of Aberdene, wrote the History of the Nation till the Reign of King James the First; continued till the Reign of King James the Sixth by John Ferrerius a Piemontoise, a Monk of Pluscardy. John Balenden, Archdeacon of Murray, did translate Boys History into English. George Buchanan, Schoolmaster to King James the Sixth, wrote the History of the Nation till the year 1572. Robert Johnston wrote a continuation of the Scotish History from the year 1572. to the year 1628. in Latin, Folio. John Leslie, Bishop of Ross, wrote the History of the Nation till the year 158—. Raphael Holinshed, wrote the History of the Nation till the Reign of King James the Sixth, centinued by Francis Thin. William Cambden wrote a Description of the Kingdom. John Dempster wrote an Introduction to the Scotish History. David Chalmer wrote a Treatise of the Scotish Saints. David Hume of Godscroft did write the History of the Earls of Douglas and Angus. William Drummond of Hawthornden, did write the Lives of the Five King Jameses. William Sanderson wrote the Lives of Queen Mary, King James the Sixth, and King Charles' the First. John Spotiswood, Archbishop of Saint Andrews, did write the History of the Church of Scotland, from the first Plantation of the Christian Faith therein, till the death of King James. George Wishart, Doctor of Divinity, did write the Actions of James Marquis of Montross. Robert Gordon of Stralogh did write the Theatrum Scotiae, being a Description of the whole Kingdom, with the Maps of every particular Country, Printed by John Janson Bleaw at Amsterdam; a very excellent Work. The Mercenary Printer did him a double injury. First, in printing with his Book, Buchanan's Seditious Pamphlet de Jure Regni apud Scotos; it being sufficiently known that the Author was of no such Principals, but always loyal. Then, in Dedicating that Work to the Usurper O. Cromwell; whereas the Author sent over to the Printer, a Dedication of his Book to His most Sacred Majesty, at that time Prince of Wales: and the Copy of that Dedication, written with his own hand, is yet in the custody of his Son, the Reverend James Gordon, Parson of Rothinay. Thus much I thought fit to say in vindication of that worthy Gentleman, who was one of the most learned persons of the Age he lived it. Dempster, in his Apparatus to the Scotish History, has promised a great many things to the World which he never performed: some have thought, that he only amused people by the undertaking he mentions in that Book: Others believe that he knew of a great many Scotish Manuscripts beyond the Seas, which were carried thither by Monks and Friars at the Reformation. In most Religious houses there was a Chronicle written of the times, divers of which I have seen, that yet remain in Scotland, some written in rhythm, English and Latin, some in prose: but there cannot be much made out of them, they being full of Legends and Idle stories. There are besides, very considerable Manuscripts in Scotland, that relate to private Families; but give an account of several public Transactions: as, the History of the Families of the drummond's, the gordon's, etc. But for a public History of the Kingdom, there is little more to be expected of past times, than what hath been already published: for as when Edward the First conquered Scotland, he carried the Records and Registers of that Kingdom with him to London, so in the late Invasion, Cromwell thought it a very valuable pledge of the Scotish Nation to send up to the Tower of London, all the public Records, Rolls, and Registers of the Kingdom, which lay there till His MAJESTY's happy Restauration: after which, by the KING's Orders, they were sent down by Sea, to be laid up in the Castle of Edinburgh; but the Ship that was loaded with them was cast away near the Holy Island. So they were all irrecoverably sunk and lost: Therefore we must rely upon the credit of our ancient Historians, since there are no means left to correct them by. A complete Catalogue of the BISHOPS and ARCHBISHOPS succeeding each other in their several SEES. Bishops in SCOTLAND before its division into Dioceses. 277. 1. Amphibalus 370. 2. Regulus 450. 3. Ninian 460. 4. Palladius 490. 5. Hildebert 606. 6. Columba 520. 7. Servanus 650. 8. Colman 669. 9 Adamannus 689. 10. Wiro 681. 11. Plechelmus 700. 12. Bonifacius 700. 13. Macharius 700. 14. Glacianus 700. 15. Gervadius 496. 16. Trevanus. 600. Thomianus Chromonus Dagamus Bathanus Bishop Bishops and Archbishops of SAINT ANDREWS. 840. 1. Adrian 872. 2. Kellach 896. 3. Malifius 904. 4. Kellach 2 d. 939. 5. Malmore 6. Malifius 2 d. 7. Alwinus 8. Maldwin 970. 9 Tuthaldus 10. Fothadus 1010. 11. Gregorius 12. Edmundus 1063. 13. Turgot 1098. 14. Godricus 1110. 15. Eadmerus 1114. 16. Robert 1159. 17. Arnold 1161. 18. Richard 1178. 19 Hugo 1188. 20. Roger * 1202. 21. William Malvoisin, Lord Chancellor. 1231. 22. David Benham 1251. 23. Abel 1253. 24. Gamelinus, Lord Chancellor. 1274. 25. William Wishart 1280. 26. William Fraser, Lord Chancel. 1300. 27. William Lamberton 1328. 28. James Bane 1332. 29. William Landels 1385. 30. Stephen 1386. 31. Walter Trail 1401. Vacat Sedes annis. 13. 1409. 32. Henry Wardlaw 1444. 33. James Kennedy * 1466. 34. Patrick Grhame, first Archbishop *. 1478. 35. William Sbevez 1497. 36. James Stewart * 1503. 37. Alexander Stewart * 1513. 38. Andrew Forman 1522. 39 James Beaton, Lord Chancel. 1539. 40. David Beaton, Chardinal and Lord Chancellor. 1545. 41. John Hamilton 1572. 42. John Douglas 1575. 43. Patrick Adamson 1591. Vacat Sedes annis 15. 1606. 44. George Gladstanes 1615. 45. John Spotiswood, Lord Chanc, 1639. Vacat Sedes annis 23. 1662. 46. James Sharp. Bishops of DUNKELD. 1130. 1. Gregorius 1172. 2. Richard 1176. 3. Cormacus 1180. 4. Walder de Bidden 1186. 5. John Scot 1206. 6. Richard Provand 1213. 7. John Leicester * 1217. 8. Hugo de Sigillo 1226. 9 Matthem, Lord Chancellor. 1236. 10. Galfride Liverance 1249. 11. Richard 1250. 12. Richard of Jennerkething, Lord Chancellor. 1272. 13. Robert Sutevile 1300. 14. Matthew 1312. 15. William Sinclare 1338. 16. Duncan 1364. 17. Michael of Monimusk. 1376. 18. John Peeblis 1396. 19 Robert Carden 1436. 20. Donald Macknaugtan 1437. 21. James Kennedy * 1439. 22. Alexander Lawder 1441. 23. James Bruce, Lord Chancellor. 1447. 24. John Ralston 1450. 25. Thomas Lawder 1476. 26. James Levington 1484. 27. George Brown 1514. 28. Gawan Dowglas * 1522. 29. George Creighton 1572. 31. Robert Creighton 1572. 31. James Patton 1603. 32. Peter. 1607. 33. James Nicolson 34. Alexander Lindsay 1662. 35. George Haliburton 1665. 36. Henry Guthry Bishops of ABERDENE. 1010. 1. Beanus 1040. 2. Bornotius 1082. 3. Cormachus 1121. 4. Nectanus 1154. 5. Edward 1163. 6. Matthew Kinninmouth. 1197. 7. John 1206. 8. Adam 1227. 9 Matthew, Lord Chancellor. 1228. 10. Gilbert Striveling 1239. 11. Radolph 1246. 12. Peter Ramsay 1256. 13. Richard Pottock 1269. 14. Hugh Benham 1281. 15. Henry Cheen * 1329. 16. Alexander Kinninmouth 1341. 17. William Deyn 1351. 18. John Rait 1357. 19 Alexander Kinninmouth 1380. 20. Adam Cunninghame 1390. 21. Gilbert Greinlaw, Lord Chancellor. 1424. 22. Henry Leighton 1441. 23. Ingram Lindsay 1457. 24. Thomas Spence 1480. 25. Robert Blaceader 1484. 26. William Elphingston, Lord Chancellor. 1514. 27. Alexander Gordon 1518. 28. Gawan Dumbar 1532. 29. William Stewart, Lord Chan. 1546. 30. William Gordon 1579. 31. David Cunninghame 1603. 32. Peter Blackburn 1615. 33. Alexander Forbes 1618. 34. Patrick Forbes 1635. 35. Adam Ballanden 1662. 36. David Mitchel 1663. 37. Alexander Burnet 1664. 38. Patrick Scougal Bishops of MURRAY. 1150. 1. William 1171. 2. Simon 1184. 3. Richard 1203. 4. Brieius 1227. 5. Andrew 1247. 6. Simon 1256. 7. Archbald 1303. 8. David Murray 1330. 9 John Pilmore 1367. 10. Alexander Bar 1397. 11. William Spiny 1406. 12. John Inns 1414. 13. Henry Leighton 1424. 14. Columba Dumbar 1434. 15. John Winchester 1448. 16. James Stewart 1450. 17. David Stewart 1464. 18. William Tulloch 1469. 19 Andrew Stewart * 1488. 20. Andrew Forman 1513. 21. James Hepburn 1528. 22. Robert Schaw 1530. 23. Alexander Stewart * 1537. 24. Patrick Hepburn 1573. Vacat Sedes annis 33. 1606. 25. Alexander Douglas 26. John Guthry. 1662. 27. Murdo Machenzie. Bishops of BRICHEN. 1260. 1. Edward 2. Turpinius 3. Rodolphus 4. Hugo 5. Gregorius 1275. 6. William 1311. 7. John 1363. 8. Adam, Lord Chancellor. 1372. 9 Patrick, Lord Chancellor. 1384. 10. Stephen 1414. 11. Walter Forrester 1434. 12. John, Lord Chancellor. 1463. 13. George Shoreswood, Lord Chancellor. 1483. 14. John 1500. 15. Walter Meldrum 1542. 16. John Hepburn 1556. 17. Henry Sinclare 1567. 18.— campbel 1606. 19 Andrew Lamb 1619. 20. David Lindsay 1634. 21. Walter Whitfurd 1662. 22. David Straughan 1671. 23. Robert Lowry Bishops of DUMBLANE. 1160. 1. Jonathus 1203. 2. Simon 1210. 3. Abraham 1218. 4. William de Boseo, Lord Chan. 5. Osbert 1233. 6. Clement 1256. 7. Robert 8. Alpin 9 Nicolaus 10. Maurice 11. William 1363. 12. Walter Cambuslang 1400. 13. Finlaw 1419. 14. William Stephen 15. Michael Ochiltrie 16. Robert Lawder 1471. 17. John Hepburn 1508. 18. James Chisholme 1534. 19 William Chisholme 1572. 20. Anhrew Grhame * 1615. 21. Adam Ballanden 1635. 22. James Wedderburn 1662. 23. Robert Leighton 1671. 24. James Ramsay Bishops of ROSS. 1132. 1. Gregorius 2. Reynaldus 1213. 3. Andrew Murray 4. Robert 1274. 5. Matthew 6. Thomas Dundie 7. Roger 8. Alexander 9 Thomas Vrqhuart 10. Alexander Kilbuines 11. William Bullock 12. Thomas Tulloch 13. Henry Cockburn 14. James Woodman 15. Thomas Hay * 16. John Guthry 17. John Fraser * 18. Robert Cockburn 19 William Elphingston 1481. 20. James Hay * 1534. 21. Robert Carncross 1544. 22. David Panter 1550. 23. Henry Sinclare 1564. 24. John Leslie 1597. 25. David Lindsay 1614 26. Patrick Lindsay 27. John Maxwell 1662. 28. John Paterson Bishops of CAITHNES. 1066. 1. S. Darrus 1110. 2. Andrew 3. John 4. Adam 1223. 5. S. Gilbert Murray 1245. 6. William 1261. 7. Walter 1271. 8. Archbald 1288. 9 Andrew 1301. 10. Ferqbuard 1328. 11. David 1348. 12. Thomas Fingask 1360. 13. Alexander 1404. 14. Malcolm 1421. 15. Robert Strabock 1440. 16. John Inns 1448. 17. William Mudie 1460. Vacat Sedes annis 24. 1484. 18. Andrew Stewart 1517. 19 Andrew Stewart * 1542. 20. Robert Stewart * 1586. Vacat Sedes annis 13. 1599 21. George Gladstanes P606. 22. Alexander Forbes 1617. 23. John Abernethy 1662. 24. Patrick Forbes Bishops of ORKNEY. 1390. 1. William 1450. 2. William Tulloch 1468. 3. William 4. Andrew 1498. 5. Edward 1530. 6. Robert Maxwell 1546. 7. Robert Reid 1559. 8. Adam Bothwell 1569. 9 Robert Stewart * 1606. 10. James Law 1615. 11. Andrew Grhame * 12. George Grhame 1639. 13. Robert Barron Elect. 1662. 14. Thomas Sydserfe 1665. 15. Andrew Honniman Bishops of EDINBURGH. 1633. 1. William Forbes 1634. 2. David Lindsay 1662. 3. George Wishart 1671. 4. Alexander Young Bishops and Archbishops of GLASGOW. 599. 1. S. Mungo 1129. 2. John Achaean 1146. 3. John 4. Herbert 5. Angelramus, Lord Chancel. 6. Joceline 7. Eugenius 8. Hugo, Lord Chancellor. 9 William Malvoisin 1200. 10. Florentius * 1207. 11. Walter 1234. 12. William Babington, Lord Chan. 1261. 13. John de Chyan 1268. 14. Nicolas Mossat 1270. 15. William Wishart, Lord Chancel. 1274. 16. Robert Wishart 1316. 17. John Lindsay 1325. 18. Stephen Dundie 19 John Wishart 20. William Rae 1367. 21. Walter Wardlaw, Cardinal. 1387. 22. Matthew Glendunning 1408. 23. William Lawder, Lord Chanc. 24. John Cameron 1446. 25. James Bruce 26. William Turnbull 27. Andrew Moorehead 28. John Lang, Lord Chancellor. 1481. 29. Robert Blaccader, first Archbish. 1500. 30. James Beaton 1522. 31. Gawan Dumbar, Lord Chanc. 1552. 32. James Beaton 1572. 33. James Boyd 1581. 34. Robert Montgomery 1587. 35. William Erskine Vacat Sedes James Beaton restored 1603. 36. John Spotiswood 1615. 37. James Law 1634. 38. Patrick Lindsay 1662. 39 Andrew Fairfoul 1664. 40. Alexander Burnet 1670. 41. Robert Leighton 1674. Alexander Burnet restored Bishops of GALLOWAY. 450. 1. S. Ninian 681. 2. Pleehelmus 740. 3. Frithwaldus 768. 4. Pethumus 778. 5. Ethelbert 6. Radulpbus 7. John 1440. 8. Thomas Spence 9 David 10. Alexander 11. Henry 12. George 1550. 13. Andrew Dury 1557. 14. Alexander Gordon 15. Gawan Hamilton 1615. 16. William Cowper 1619. 17. Andrew Lamb 18. Thomas Sydserfe 1662. 19 James Hamilton 1974. 20. John Paterson Bishops of ARGILE. 1200. 1. Evaldus 2. William 1240. 3. William 1350. 4. David 1425. 5. Finlaw 6. George Learmouth 7. Robert Montgomery 8.— Boyd 9— campbel 10.— Kerswell 1636. 11. James Fairlis 1662. 12. David Fletcher 1666. 13. William Scrowgie 1675. 14. Arthur Ross Bishops of the ISLES. 277. 1. Amphibalus 518. 2. Macilla 3. Michael 1203. 4. Nicolas 1217. 5. Reginald 1257. 6. Richard 1289. 7. Onacus 8. Mauricius 9 Marcus, Lord Chancellor. 1606. 10. Andrew Knox 11. John Knox 1630. 12. John Leslie 13. Neil campbel 1662. 14. Robert Wallace Vacat Sedes. Those Bishops who have been the Sons of Kings, etc. or Noblemen, are marked with an Asterisk *. ADDENDA. Pag. 4. after the Bishops of Edinburgh, add, The Arms of the See of Edinburgh are, Azure, a Saltier Argent, in Chief a Mitre of the Second, garnished Or. Pag. 8. after the Bishops of Ross, add, The Arms of the Bishopric of Ross are, Argent, a Bishop standing on the Sinister, habited in a long Robe close girt, Purpure, Mitred and holding in his left hand a Crosier Or, and pointing with the right to S. Boniface on the Dexter side, clothed, and both his Hands placed on his Breast, Proper. Pag. 10. after the Bishops of Galloway, add, The Coat Armorial belonging to the See of Galloway is, Argent, S. Ninian standing full-faced Proper, clothed with a Pontifical Robe Purpure, on his head a Mitre, and in his Dexter hand a Crosier, Or. Ibid. in the Bishops of Argile, add, Then was— Boyd promoted to this See, An. 162— who, as he was descended from one of the Noblest families in the Kingdom, being Brother to the Lord Boyd, so he was a very Extraordinary person: he found his See full of Ignorance and Barbarity, scarce any Churches or Schools in it; and in many places the very Name of Christ was not known: he set himself wholly to the Work of the Gospel, and planted many Churches: he resided constantly in his Diocese. and was a great Example of Piety and Virtue. And for all the prejudices that are in these parts against that Order, yet he is never named among them to this day but with great honour as an Apostolical person. Ibid. after the Bishops of Argile, add, The Arms of the See of Argile are, Azure, two Crosiers disposed in Saltier, and in Chief a Mitre, Or. THE END. A Catalogue of some Books Reprinted, and of other New Books printed since the Fire, and sold by R. Royston, viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. THe WORKS of KING CHARLES' I. Defender of the Faith. With the History of His Life: as also of His Trial and Martyrdom. Books written by H. Hammond, D.D. A Paraphrase and Annotations upon all the Books of the New Testament in Folio. fourth Edition. The Works of the said Reverend and Learned Author, containing a Collection of Discourses chiefly Practical, with many Additions and Corrections from the author's own hand; together with the Life of the Author, enlarged by the Reverend Doctor Fell, Dean of Christ-Church, in Oxford. In large Folio. Books written by Jer. Taylor, D.D. and late Lord Bishop of Down and Connor. Ductor Dubitantium, or, The Rule of Conscience, in Five Books, in Fol. The Great Exemplar, or, The Life and Death of the Holy Jesus, in Fol. with Figures suitable to every Story, engraved in Copper: Whereunto is added, The Lives and Martyrdoms of the Apostles, by Will. Cave, D.D. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or, A Collection of Polemical Discourses addressed against the Enemies of the Church of England, both Papists and fanatics, in large Folio. Third Edition. The Rules and Exercises of Holy Living and Holy Dying. The Eleventh Edition, newly printed, in Octavo. Books written by the Reverend Dr. Patrick. The Christian Sacrifice: A Treatise showing the Necessity, End and Manner of receiving the Holy Communion: together with suitable Prayers and Meditations for every Month in the Year; and the Principal Festivals in Memory of our Blessed Saviour. In Four Parts. The Third Edition corrected. The Devout Christian instructed how to Pray and give Thanks to God: or, A Book of Devotions for Families, and particular Persons, in most of the concerns of Humane life. The Second Edition, in Twelves. An Advice to a Friend: the Third Edition, in Twelves. A Friendly Debate between a Conformist and a Nonconformist: in Octavo, Two Parts. Jesus and the Resurrection justified by Witnesses in Heaven and in Earth: in Two Parts, in Octavo, New. The Works of the Learned Mr. Joseph Mede, in Folio. The Fourth Edition. Memoyres of the late Duke Hamilton, or, A Continuation of the History of the Church of Scotland, beginning in the year 1625. where Bishop Spotswood ends, and continued to the year 1653. Fol. New. The Lives of the Apostles in Folio alone: by William Cave, D.D. Chirurgical Treatises? by R. Wiseman, Serjeant-Chirurgeon to His Majesty, Fol. New. XXXI. Sermons, by Charles Gibbes, D.D. Prebendary of Saint Peter's Westminster, in Quarto, New. The End of the Catalogue.