MEDICINA MILITARIS: OR, A BODY OF MILITARY MEDICINES Experimented.  
BY Raymundus Mindererus, Late Chief Physician of the Electoral Court of Bavaria, and of the Imperial City of Auspurg.  
Englished out of High-Dutch.  
LONDON, Printed by William Godbid, and are to be Sold by Moses Pitt, at the Angel, over against the Little North Door of St. Paul's Church. 1674.   

A BODY OF MILITARY MEDICINES EXPERIMENTED.  

CHAP. I. Concerning the Morals of a Soldier.  
WHereas the Old Philosophers wished to every one MENTEM SANAM IN CORPORE SANO, a Sound Mind in a Sound Body; considering how much it conduced to the Health of the Body to have the Mind free from Vice and Vexation: It will behoove a Soldier, as much at least as any man, to endeavour after that Soundness and Integrity of conscience which may inspire him with true Fortitude, undisturbed from the troubles and anxieties accompanying Impiety and Injustice. To this end, he ought, in the first place, be constant in paying his Duties to Almighty God, by serving Him in public and private, by imploring the Divine protection and blessing in all his Just undertake, and by returning his humble acknowledgements for every good success. Next, he ought to serve his Prince faithfully to the best of his skill and power, to obey his Officers readily, and to do to all others, as he would be done to, if he were in their condition.   

CHAP. II. What care a Soldier is to take of his Body.  
THe Mind being thus taken care of, thou art to advise with a skilful Physician concerning thy Body, whether it be not necessary to purge it, the better to secure thyself from Agues and Fevers. Then furnish thyself with some Mithridate or Treacle, to use it against infection; taking of it in the morning fasting, against the ill Air, the quantity of a hazelnut. Take also with thee a quantity of Zedoary, Angelica, Imperatoria or Masterwort, and Carlina; of which thou shalt do well, now and then to eat some for the preservation of thy strength, and against the corruption of the Air. But especially keep thy Head and Feet warm, by the neglect of which thou mayst cast thyself into great danger. Take heed of surcharging thy stomach, which is to prepare and to convey the nourishment for the whole body, and restrain as much as thou canst thy appetite, there being nothing more hurtful to health, than when that is irregular and extravagant.  
Gird thyself well, that thy body may be close, and so be secured from receiving mischief in leaping, falling, storming, etc. and thy bowels from being put out of their place.  
Take also with thee out of the Apothecary's shop a powder, called Pulvis solutivus de Tribus, which is not dear. Of this, when thou needest purging, take the weight of a ducat or a little more, according to thy constitution, in warm flesh-broath or the like, early in the morning fasting; so ordering the matter, that that day thou mayst keep thyself warm in thy quarter. Fast two hours after the taking of it, and then eat warm meat. The same may be done with Pulvis Sena Montagnana, and Pulvis solutivus de Tartaro.  
If thou be troubled with Corns on thy feet, apply to them every day fresh lard, and continue this, till by the fatness of the lard they grow soft; and then they will fall off from the very roots without pain.  
To free or secure thyself from Vermin, take a good quantity of Wormwood, and the inner cuttings of horse-hoofs, cut out by the Farriers when they shoe horses; boil these both together in half lie and half water, and so put thy shirt into it, and afterwards dry it in the Air, without washing it out any other way, and not a louse will come into it. This Experiment is found approved amongst the old Germane Soldiers; and although there should be a louse in thy shirt, it would not stay there.  
If thy feet be moist and sweaty, (which is very troublesome not only to thyself, but to others also,) take the filings of Brass, which are sometimes used for dust to dry moist writings with, and put some of it into thy socks, and walk upon it. Refresh this every other or third day, and thou shalt soon be freed of that inconvenience: Nor be thou troubled, that it makes, as it will do, thy feet look greenish; for there is no hurt at all in that, since you are not like to put them in your cap.  
Take also with thee some Stags or Bucks-grease, to make use of in case thou shouldst be galled any where in riding, or going on foot. Anoint the part therewith at the fireside, and it will soon be healed.  
To prevent Rust, draw thy Sword through the fat of a Goose or Capon, or grease thy Arms therewith.  
Take care to have always about thee a hard crust of Rye-bread; for if thou art dry, and destitute of water, wine or beer, to quench thy thirst, chew some of this dry crust, and it will moisten thy mouth, and considerably abate thy thirst. The same may be done with a Leaden-bullet, rolled to and fro in the mouth, Led being cooling.  
It hath been prescribed above, to take with thee the Herbs Imperatoria and Carlina. Of this be mindful; for if it should happen, that thou shouldst be obliged to stand some hours in battle or in the field, take a piece of it in thy mouth for hunger, thirst, and refreshment, and thou shalt find, it will keep thee a good while from faintness. But woe to thy fellows, if they want it; for they will certainly faint, unless thou be so kind as to give them a share in thy provision.  
In the best Apothecary-shops may be found a root, called Costus, somewhat like Cinnamon; which hath the same effect. And if others should eat Onions, others drink Brandy, and I only hold in my mouth of this root the bigness of half a pea; I should keep in breath a good while longer than they. But take notice, that this, I speak of, is not the common Costus, which hitherto hath been sold for the true in common shops; but that which comes to us from the Indies.  
If thou art a Horseman, take a good quantity of Bay-salt, a little Brimstone, Clove, and Ginger, and mingle with it some of the powder of the two abovesaid herbs, Imperatoria and Carlina, and give it to thy Horse, or in case of want of Provender let him have of it upon his bit, or give him some upon a slice of bread, and it will make him strong and vigorous.  
If thou art to ride in a Germane Saddle, the two hind-knobs whereof are wont only to be stuffed out with straw or horsehair; get thee made two Tin-flaskes with good screws, fitted for those places. In one of them carry Brandy, in the other Vinegar. The Brandy will serve thee in cold nights, and fresh mornings; and 'twill be good also for thy horse, giving him a little of it upon bread. The Vinegar will be of use to thee for the heat of the day, washing thy mouth with it, as also spirting a little of it into thy horse's mouth. Besides, mingling it with water, it will afford thee a good cooling drink.  
If it be very cold, put some of that horsehair, that is wont to be curried out of their mains and tails, into thy boots. I never received on such occasions more warmth from any thing, especially keeping myself dry. A Hares-skin is also good for this purpose, making socks of it; but if it grow wet, 'tis naught.  
Gather of the Wheel-grease that runs out at the nave of the Wheels, and would else be lost, which hath taken in some of the substance of the Iron that is about the Axletree, witness its blackness: This is a good Ointment for Horses.  
When thou comest into the field, and art to lie abroad, look out for some rising ground, that the Rain, which may possibly fall, may run away from thee: And avoid as much as is possible, Valleys, Marshes, Ditches, Meadows, and the like low and moist places.  
Besides, observe the Air, and put up thy Tent towards the East; which quarter though it be cool, yet 'tis wholesome. But lest it should be too cool, order it so, that thou mayst enjoy that wind, which comes from between the East and South, as being one of the wholsomest of all Airs, and temperate, the South-air qualifying the sharpness of the Eastern. Beware of the Western Wind, especially that which blows from between the South and West. The Air of Midnight is wholesome enough and dry, but sharp and piercing. Believe it, a Soldier is much concerned in the Air; nor hath Hypocrates without cause written a whole Book De Aere, Aquis & Locis, to teach, how the Air, Water, and Places are to be discerned and chosen.  
Moreover, look about thee for good clear Water, such as grows warm and cool again sooner than other waters; and observe this mark for my sake. I know water, that will not boil Pease, Vetches, Stockfish, Flounder, etc. In some Spring's Iron is turned into Brass, and great care is to be had in the choice of water for drinking.  
But if thou canst not have Spring-water, but art necessitated to use Pit or Ditch-water; have a care not to drink it without straining, lest thou shouldst swallow Frog or Snake-spawn. For I have known and had in my cure a Countryman, who voided, though not at once but at different times, two hundred fifty and five Frogs, and of them many in my own house, in the presence of divers Ecclesiastical and Secular Persons; and some of the biggest of them, being dried, are still to be seen in the Repository of Mantua, as also in that of Mr. Philip Hainhofer at Auspurg. And there is a Cook in the Hospital of Wessenburg or Landsberg, who, (as appeared by the event) had drunk the Spawn of Serpents, out of which were bred divers Serpents in his body, some of which he voided by virtue of the Medicine he took, amongst which there was one of the length of a Bavarian Ell. The Man hath been since in good health, and continues in his service to this day.  
Wherefore it will behoove you to spread your handkerchief over the Ditch-water, and so drink through it; or if you take any of it up unstrained, quench first a red-hot Stone or Iron in it, whereby the noxious quality will be destroyed. Or, if you lie still, and can get any Oil of Vitriol, let some drops of that fall into it, and you need not then fear any corruption or poison in such water. Otherwise, if time will permit, let it boil up and cool again, and put a crust of bread into it, and you may drink of it safely.  
Those Waters that run out of stony hills and from under rocks, are the best; to which may be reckoned those Springs, that flow from high places, and purge themselves in clear sand and pebbles.  
If thou meet with Beer or Wine, take heed of excess; and forbear drinking New beer that hath not yet done working, or is not some days old, because new beer causeth the Strangury. And in case this should trouble thee, take a handful of Hay-blossoms, boil them in water, and Urine over it, drawing into thy body the warm steam thereof, and anointing thy Navel several times with warm suet.  
If thou art hot, and canst not forbear drinking, make water first; then wash thy mouth, and cool the arteries on both thy temples, and those of both thy wrists; and then drinking will hurt thee less.  
If you chance to drink whilst you are hot, (which is so dangerous a thing, that some have died within 24 hours after it; others have fallen into consumptive Coughs, others been troubled with Pains in their sides and with Impostumes, etc.) then take of the leaves of Bellis or Daisy, which grows in all meadows and pasture-grounds, and is green both winter and summer, and wash them clean, and dress them like a Salad with Oil, Vinegar and a little Salt, and forthwith eat thereof; and it helps immediately, as I know by much Experience. But this must be used presently, the sooner the better. I can say with truth, that in all my Practice of Physic for above 20 years I have not met with any Experiment of so quick an Operation from any herb, as from this. But here I must note, that I have always used the Red Daisy, and have not tried the other sorts; though I am apt to believe, the others may have the like effect. You must not eat the Flowers, but only the Leaves. This Experiment should be put up on all posts every where, for the good of Courriers, Mowers, and other labouring Men, that are wont to drink plentifully when they are hot, and thereby spoil themselves in great numbers.  
But to proceed; as thou art to beware of excess of drinking at all times, so thou art especially to forbear when thou art to stand Sentinel, lest thou shouldst fall a sleep; whereby thou mayst lose thy life, at least, thy place and thy preferment for ever.  
Neither be fond of Gaming at dice, tables, etc. whence are occasioned quarrels, mistrusts, deceit, swearing, and what not?  
Avoid also the company of base women, lest thou shouldst be constrained to undergo the Mercurial Salivation, and with it a very lean Diet, of thin broth, water-gruel, barley-broth, prunes, roasted apples, and such like, without any flesh-meat at all.   

CHAP. III. Concerning the Physicians and Surgeons in an Army.  
EVery Army ought to be well provided with one or more able Physicians, such as are not only expert in the cure of inward Diseases, but also understanding in outward Cases, as Wounds, Burn, Luxations, Dislocations, Erysipelas' or St. Antony's Fires, etc.  
These Physicians ought to be no Youngsters, that are lately come from Schools and Universities, knowing only in Controversies and Disputations, but such as are expert in the Cure of Diseases, especially such as are most frequent in Armies. They are also to be Men of good nature, great honesty and condescension, willing to take pains with the poor as well as the rich. Physicians thus qualified may so gain the hearts of the Soldiers, that these will love and honour them as if they were their Parents.  
Likewise the Surgeons ought to be learned, discreet, and affable, such as have been long versed, and experienced, in all the operations of Chirurgery, that can distinguish well of Diseases, and with prudence make their judgements thereon: They ought also to be diligent, and careful of those committed to their charge, and very knowing in all manner of outward applications, as Unguents, Plasters, Pulments, Lenitives, Stiptiques, Attractives, Digestives, Caustics, Escharotiques, as also their Mollifying, Dissipating, Repelling, Suppurating and Mundifying, etc. Medicines. They ought to be skilful in discerning them, and withal in knowing well the cases and times where and when to use them. They are to be very careful in observing the beginning, middle and end of Ulcers, Wounds, etc. since it often may be impertinent and even hurtful too, to use that in the beginning, that may be pertinent and beneficial in the midst of the cure, and the like.  
An able and dextrous Chirurgeon is a great Treasure in an Army, and cannot be enough valued, especially if he consult in all dangerous cases with an understanding Physician.  
These two, Physicians and Surgeons, are to be intimate friends together, assisting one another without envy and pride, for the better relief and the greater safety of their Patients.  
'Tis very necessary, both these should go abroad and travel before they undertake to practise, thereby to acquire experience, and to learn also to converse with the more discretion and gentleness with all sorts of humours. And when they come to practise, the Surgeons ought to advise with Physicians, who are but lame Doctors, if they be not skilled in Chirurgery; since this is the third part of Physic, from which it can and ought not to be separated, being an integral part thereof. It is recorded in history, that above 2000 years since, Podalyrius and Machaon, Sons to Aesculapius, went both with Agamemnon in the Expedition for Troja, and there purchased great honour by their practice not so much of Physic as Chirurgery.   

CHAP. IU. Of Fevers, Hungarian Distempers, Spotted Fevers, and other Pestilential Diseases, as also of Hereditary Maladies, together with their Remedies.  
'TIs known seldom to fail, that in an Army there reigneth some Disease or other, according to the nature and constitution of the Country, Air, and Diet. The reasons are;  
First, that amongst so great a number of Men, raised from so many different places, there are to be found Men of very different tempers and constitutions, sound and unsound; and amongst the latter, some that are scabby, others scorbutical, others labouring under venereal Diseases, many inclined to dangerous and infectious Fevers, etc. all which a Physician must have a watchful eye upon, and endeavour to prevent their spreading.  
Secondly, that Soldiers in an Army want conveniences wherewith to take due care of their health; but are often constrained to expose themselves and sleep in the open Air on moist ground, the vapours whereof penetrate into their bodies; and they are careless or want opportunities of expelling them out again by sweat. Whence is caused an inward putrefaction in the blood and humours, which sometimes proceeds so far, as to assume a venomous nature, and to break out into spots, tumours, buboes, carbuncles, etc.  
Thirdly, that Soldiers commonly keep an irregular diet. Sometimes they have plenty and do superabound; at other times they have nothing; and then being very hungry, when they come again to a place of plenty, they over-feed and surfeit; whence are bred crudities in the stomach, and corruption, which causeth malignant Fevers in abundance. Besides, they often feed upon meat that is unwholesome, as stinking Venison, rotten cheese, musty bread, etc. which cannot but occasion many Diseases. And when they come to places, where Fruit abounds, as Apples, Pears, Plums, Melons, Cherries, Grapes, etc. they overeat themselves, and thereby cause Gripe in the Guts, Diarrhaea's, &c.  
Lastly, sometimes the Air is corrupted, especially after a great battle, and slaughter of Men that remain unburied; whereby the Air being tainted infects the living that take it in. Which is often made worse by the exhalations of low and moorish ground, and by thick fogs.  
These are the general Causes of the common Distempers reigning in Armies; against which thou art to arm thyself accordingly. First then be careful in thy Diet; eat not greedily and indiscreetly every thing that comes to hand; and though it be good, yet eat and drink not too plentifully of it, but restrain thy appetite, considering how destructive every excess may be to thy health.  
If thou canst and hast no aversion from it, drink every morning of thy own Urine, which prevents corruption in the Stomach, opens obstructions in the Liver, Spleen, Mesaraic Veins; which if not removed, there will follow Fevers, the yellow Jaundice, Swell, and Difficulty of breathing. If thou art averse from doing so, eat some bread and butter with rue on it; or, if it be not hot weather, take in the morning the quantity of a hazelnut of Mithridate or Treacle; or infuse in brandy, or rather in Spirit of Juniper-berries, some Zedoary, Angelica, and a little Citron-peels, and drink a spoonful of it in the morning.  
When the Air is corrupted, and there be at hand a Goat, rub thyself at him, and let not the strong smell keep thee from it. Also put Quicksilver in an empty hazelnut, closed up with Spanish Wax, and hang it about thy neck; or the Zenechton prepared of Arsenic, (after the manner by and by to be described,) sowed up in thin leather; for if it should touch the bare skin, it would cause blisters and do harm. This Zenechton is a plaster, out of which are cut pieces of the bigness of a dollar, which are carried about the neck, and hang down near the heart; keeping good a whole year. And when the infection is past, this Zenechton, being reduced to powder, will yet serve to kill rats and mice with. It is to be thus prepared;  
Take of yellow and white Arsenic, of each an ounce, or ●/4 of an ounce; of gummi Tragacanth ½ an ounce; put this gummi in Rose-water or in common water over night, and it will yield a slimy water. Then beat thy Arsenic in a mortar, and put so much of this gummed water to it, as is necessary to reduce it to a paste having the consistence of dough; work it well and round it, and then cut off a slice of the bigness of a dollar, somewhat thicker; let this slice dry in the Air, and sow it in a piece of thin leather (well-dressed dogskin is the best for this purpose;) carry this about thy neck so as to let it hang down upon, and to touch the place of, thy heart. Some mix with it a proportion of the powder of dried toads, which I have done myself, it being esteemed more powerful. Some carry about their necks dried spiders; Theophrastus commends Celondine, leaves and root, carried about the neck.  
Remember also to burn frequently Juniper-wood before thy tent; though all ordinary fires cleanse the Air; Upon which account Hypocrates advised great fires to be made in Greece at the time of a great plague, which was thought to have been removed by that means. Some burn only a few chips of Juniper-roots, or some of the berries of that shrub, which is as effectual.  
If these means cannot be had, burn some Gunpowder, ordering it like a train; this purifieth the Air likewise. And the volleys of shot made mornings and evenings in a camp, conduce very much to the dispelling of mist, and qualifying raw weather.  
Frankincense also, Mastic, and such other perfumes as dry and clear the Air, may be very usefully burnt; and even a Scholars perfume made of waste Paper is not to be despised.  
If thou canst get Rue, smell often to it: And remember me for this general hint, to take good notice of all herbs that are green winter and summer, and which are not eaten by Horses or ; for they are endowed with excellent virtues for the good of Man, and therefore made to grow at all seasons of the year.  
When the Air is pestilential or breeding any Epidemical Disease, then wash thy face with Vinegar every morning. If thou canst get Acetum of Rue, Elder-flowers, Lavender, Roses, Marigold-flowers, 'tis the better. Or, if you have the conveniency, prepare the following Acetum: Take Rue, Elder-flowers, Burnet-roots, white Dittany, Carlina, of each equal quantity; a few Orange or Citron-peels, (of which the latter are the better of the two,) and a little Camphire, and some Walnut-kernels (the fresher the better,) leaving the bitter skins upon them; put all these into common Vinegar, and with this infusion moisten every morning thy temples, mouth and nostrils, and the beating arteries of both thy wrists; taking down a good spoonful of it, and thou hast a good preservative.  
If it be cold weather, take Angelica-roots, Zedoaria, white Dittany, some dried Citron-peels, and a little Camphir, infuse them all in Brandy, especially in such as is made out of Wormwood or Juniper-berries. Of this liquor drink in the morning a spoonful. But if thou be of a hot constitution, then content thyself with the former Acetum, in which you may mix a little Treacle.  
Some advice to take fasting some of the Juice of Marigold, freshly expressed out of the flower and leaves, as a good preservative against the Infection. This I have not tried; but I have often in such cases used the Acetum of Marigold-flowers, especially for a cordial and sudorisick, and, I think, with very good success.  
Or make an Electuary, of Rue and Juniper-berries, of each equal quantity, adding thereto a double quantity of Walnuts, with their bitter skin on them, some Figs, a little Treacle, and a little Saffron; beat them together in a mortar, and pour on them, whilst thou art beating, as much Rue-vinegar as will reduce it to a thick Pulls or Electuary: Of this take the bigness of a hazelnut or two, fasting.  
Take the roots of the greater Burrdock, and those of Celondine, both well cleared, and the bark of Ash; infuse them 24 hours in half White-wine and half Rue-vinegar; then distil it, and in the distilled water mix a little Brimstone-oyl, to render it a little sowrish. Of this take two spoonfuls in the morning for a preservative. But if any be already infected with the Plague, let him take of the same six or eight spoonfuls at a time, and sweat upon it, it being a very sudorifique liquor, which, under the name of Aqua Bardana composita, hath been used by me and my Colleagues in Hospitals and other places with very great success. You may mix some Mithridate with it, if you please.  
Else take Carlina, Imperatoria, Serpentaria, Valerian, Saxifrage, Tormentill, Gentian, Angelica and Zedoaria, all cut small; infuse them in Brandy, and drink of it a spoonful in the morning for a preservative; but if thou hast the contagion, take two spoonfuls, to sweat upon it, in case the pestilential poison be not yet broken out, and the Patient's tongue not dry; but if it be, content thyself with the newly prescribed Acetum, as being more safe, and an inflammation being to be feared from the Brandy.  
Hold Zedoar, Angelica, Lovage, or Imperatoria, in thy mouth; but if thou be subject to the Headache, then cut it first small, and infuse it in Vinegar, and let it stand infused for the space of 24 hours; then take it out again, dry it, and use it as prescribed above.  
Amongst the good Preservatives reckon this also: Take Garden-rue, beat it in a mortar, pour Vinegar on it, and strain all through a cloth; mix some Treacle with it, set it by in a glass, and take of it in the morning half a spoonful or a whole. Put a little Camphir to it, if you will have it stronger.  
Or put Camphir in Wormwood-wine, and drink a good draught of it every morning.  
When I served in times of great mortality, I infused in Wine Carduus benedictus, Wormwood, Scordium, Dictamne of Crect, Burnet-roots, and Citron-peels, and after I had taken every morning a good mess of sowrish broth, I drank after it a good glass of this infusion. As long as the herbs retain a bitterness, fresh wine may be infused upon them.  
Infuse also white and well cleansed Garlic in Acetum made of Rue, and take of it a spoonful or two in the morning.  
In the Apothecary-shops are Pills, called Pestilential Pills: Among these cause a little Camphir to be mixed, and of it let Pills be made; of which take at once three or four every week, taking them in a spoonful of White-wine, an hour before supper. These prevent all inward putrefaction, and keep off all infection, nor do they suffer any collection of morbifique matter within thee, though they purge not, but only keep the body soluble. They are made up of Aloe, Myrrh and Saffron. Formerly I have printed a whole Book of such Pills, which I called Marocostinas in Latin, where I have described their virtues at large.  
For the Rich may serve what follows: Take Terra▪ Sigillata, Bolus Armenus, Pulvis Alexipharmacus, or Bezoardicum Nicolai, or the Cordiales Alexandrini Benedicti; item Species de Hydcintho, Aqua Stapediana, Acetum Theriacale, or the Red Hungarian Powder; all these serving not only to preserve, but also to recover, by God's blessing.  
Provide out of the Apothecaries-shops Pastils of the extract of Angelica or Zedoaria; take one or two of them in thy mouth every morning, and there let them melt down.  
Keep thy body clean every way; be cheerful; avoid rashness; nor be afraid, considering that many have been infected by fear, terror, and melancholy. Cheer thyself up now and then with a glass of good and sincere Wine, but not to excess. Never fasting, nor never full. One that is empty, will soon be caught with this distemper, especially if he live amongst infected people. If he do, let him drink a good draught of Wormwood-wine, Juniper-berry-wine, Rosemary, Sage, or Zedoar-wine; which may keep thee from many dangers. But remember, not to drink more of it than will cheer thee up and revive thy Spirits. At least, drink a little Wine with Camphir and Vinegar, kindling the Camphir and letting it burn in the Wine, so as to let it sink into it; for if it burn on the top, it will there remain swimming: And if the Wine be skinned over with it, kindle it again till it be quite burnt out. Take of Camphir for one draught, the quantity of a pease; but if thou be subject to the Headache, than Camphir will not agree with thee.  
In case that any come to be infected, he is forthwith to be separated from the sound, and to be laid to bed, so as his head and shoulders may lie somewhat high; by which means he will be less subject to faintness. Then let him presently take some sudorific Medicine, to make him sweat; for if the poison be not speedily driven from the heart, the Patient is lost. You are also to take great care, that this Distemper prevail not, and to endeavour to discover it before the Patient be quite disabled: For, as soon as any gins to droop, grows melancholy, faint and feeble in his limbs, so as that he is hardly able to hold up his head, drawing his breath with difficulty, letting his head fall to and fro, losing his stomach, growing yellowish about his eyes, with the apples of his eyes standing out, finding headache, interrupted heats and colds; as soon, I say, as these symptoms appear in times of the Plague, Spotted Fevers, Hungarian Disease, etc. you may then look to it by times; forasmuch as such Patients, that are already infected, go often about until the sixth or eighth day, as I have known myself, until the lurking poison of the heart has got the prevalency; and then the poor Patient is quite cast down, and often dies in very few days, and even in a few hours. Wherefore thou art not to stay, till the swell and boils appear behind the ears, under the arms, etc. or till the Carbuncles, Bubo's, and the like, break out; but thou art immediately to make use of the best Medicines, thou canst be Master of, to drive out the poison, if thou wilt save thy life. I never found any thing, that was considerable, done in the Plague, by means of Purging and Bleeding; but rather on the contrary, all those that had Spots, if they were purged or let blood, soon after died. However, I will prescribe nothing magisterially to any man; let every one endeavour to do, what he can give a good account of. I have, together with my Colleagues, treated many hundreds in our Hospitals infected with the Plague, without ever opening a vein, and yet we have by God's blessing recovered near 600 persons; besides those that by the same mercy we have cured in their several Houses.  
Now to procure sweat in the very beginning, take the quantity of two hasel-nuts of Treacle, dissolve it in common Vinegar; but if thou canst have a cordial Acetum, made of Rosemary, Lavender, Elder-blossoms, Rue, Roses, or Elderberries, use it much rather, and give it the Patient to sweat.  
Or take the roots of Celondine, boil them in Vinegar, and dissolve some Treacle in it: Or take Carduus benedictus, Rue, Petasites or Butterburr, a little Angelica, Zedoaria, or Saxifrage-roots, boil them together in half White-wine, and half Vinegar, or only Water, dissolve a little Treacle or Mithridate in it, and let the Patient take it warm, to make him sweat.  
Mithridate hath the like virtue with Treacle, yet neither of them are safe to take for Women with Child, old Persons and young Children.  
You may also make use to good purpose of the Saxon-powder, taking of it the weight of a Ducat in Carduus benedictus, Scabius, or Sorrel-water; which Powder is thus to be prepared:  
Take Valerian half an ounce; Celondine, or Nettel-roots, of each one ounce; Polypody, Althaea, (or March-mallow,) wild Angelica, of each two ounces; of garden Angelica, four ounces; of the rind of Laurcola, (or Lowry,) an ounce and an half: These roots are to be dug up in their best strength, viz. between the middle of August and the middle of September, and being cleansed, they are to be cut small, and then put in a glazed pot, pouring a sharp Vinegar upon it, so as to cover it two inches high. Then lute on the cover with a lute made of whites of Eggs and Flower; let all be boiled upon a gentle fire; then pour off the liquor, and dry the roots, and reduce them to powder, mixing with it some 26 berries of Herb Paris, (or One-Berrie) which look like Pepper-corns, very good against poison; and thus the powder is made. This herb grows in shadowed and moderately moist places; I have found of it several times in Koshinger-wood near Ingolstad: It hath four leaves on one stalk, and one berry on the top. An herb belonging to the family of Solanums or Night-shades; whence the leaves of it do very much cool Inflammations, especially those of the Eyes, when laid upon them.  
Take notice of Sorrel, bruise some of it and pour Vinegar on't, (the Rue-acetum is the best,) and strain the juice through a cloth; put into it a little powder of Angelica, about the weight of half a Ducat; or of the root of Dictam, or of Butterburr, or a little Treacle or Mithridate, and give it to sweat.  
On this occasion of mentioning Dictam, I must add, that in our Country there grows only the white Dictam, which is, among others, an excellent Antidote, but you must take of it the double quantity and weight to that of Creta. You may boil of the root of half an ounce in half White-wine and half Vinegar, or, instead of the Wine, in Carduus-benedictus water; and drink of the Decoction warm, and put yourself to sweat; or take of the powder of it a drachm and an half in warm broth, with a little Vinegar, for the same purpose.  
The Dictam of Creta hath hairy leaves and purpureous blossoms, and is used in the preparation of Treacle. This herb by its odour drives away Serpents. The wild Goats being hurt by any Arrows eat this herb, and 'tis said, that by this means the Arrows fall out of the wound. This perhaps hath no other ground than that of the Poet Virgil, affirming that Venus with this herb healed her Son Aeneas when wounded in the War. His words are Aeneid. 12.  
Hîc Venus indigno nati concussa dolore:  
Dictamnum genitrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida,  
Puberibus caulem foliis & flore comantem  
Purpureo, non illa feris incognita Capris  
Gramina, cùm tergo volucres haesêre sagittae.  
About this time came in the Hungarian Infection, which was a Disease that bred such a putrefaction in the bodies of Men, that even when they were near death, they fell a vomiting, but that with such a stench, that no body could endure it. Here those Medicines do well, that preserve the body from putrefaction; for the Plague, Spotted Fevers, and the Hungarian Distemper, proceed all from inward corruption. And of them, the Plague attacks the Spirits residing in the Heart, and so killeth very quickly; whereas Spotted Fevers have their seat in the Blood, and therefore do last twelve, fourteen, and sometimes twenty days before they kill. But the Hungarian Disease is seated chief in the putrified Phlegm of the Head and Brains; whence those that labour under it, are tormented with great and maniacal headache.  
But though these three Diseases have their rise from one and the same cause (Putrefaction,) and are to be cured by the same remedies; yet is therein required the discretion of a prudent Physician, for the ordering and prescribing of Medicines according to circumstances.  
Take a drachm of Zedoary, give it pulverised to the Patient in Acetum of Rue, or Elder, or Marigold-flowers, or even in common Vinegar: Let him sweat upon it. 'Tis good against all sorts of venom, and causeth a sweet breath, as resisting inward corruption.  
In the Apothecary Shops you find an Electuary, called Diascordium, found by that famous Physician Hieronymus Fracastorius. It is like to Treacle and Mithridate; only 'tis red from some Ingredients giving it that colour. This may be used with safety by Women with Child, young Children and all sorts of Persons, whereas, as was said above, Treacle and Mithridate may not. It is made chief of Scordium or Water-Germander, which hath the smell of Leek when bruised.  
Galen in his first Book De Antidotis, Chap. 12. writeth, that when in a great battle some slain bodies chanced to fall upon this Herb, they rotten not as far as they were touched by this Herb.  
The said Fracastorius did compound this his Diascordium out of this Herb Scordium, Tormentil, Serpentaria, Gentian, Bole Armeniac and Terra Sigillata, and such like Ingredients.  
It is chief to be used in the hot Diseases of the Head; which I have done many a hundred times. Take of it the weight of about two ducats in common Vinegar, or in Elder-water, or rather in the expressed Juice of fresh Sorrel, and sweat upon it. 'tis very good especially in the Hungarian Sickness and other venomous and infectious Diseases. To young People you may give a lesser quantity, and proportionably you are to lessen the dose for Women with Child or in Childbed, and little Children.  
Besides take notice of the Powder of Doctor Hessius, which hath been used with great benefit, and is thus prepared;  
Take a drachm of Sugar-candy, a quarter of an ounce of pulverised Ginger, and a drachm of Camphir; reduce all to a fine powder; give of it to the infected Patient the weight of a drachm in Vinegar mingled with the water of Marigold-flowers, Scabious or Sorrel, and sweat upon it. If you have none of these waters, then look that the Vinegar be not too sharp, and to that end dilute it with some wine and water. Mean time, though in this case I highly value Camphir, yet in stead of Ginger I would use Zedoary, Saxifrage, Carlina or Imperatoria, or the true Petasites or Butterburr.  
Again, Brimstone is none of the meanest remedies in these infectious cases; for it preserves the body from putrefaction. Wherefore take of the noble Flowers of Sulphur a quarter of an ounce, being sublimed from Colcothar; add to it one scruple of Camphir, an ounce of the Spirit or Oil of Cyprian or Venetian Turpentine. Put all this into a Glasshead, lute it well and put it upon hot sand or ashes, whereby the Oil of Turpentine will come to open the Brimstone, and produce a red colour like a Ruby, or at least as yellow as a high-coloured Hyacinth. Of this give some to the Patient three or four times, mingled with a little Treacle, or in Sorrel, Cardobenedictus, or Scabious-water. This Balsam is excellent also in sore Breasts that are growing purulent, taken in warm broth, or in a good wound-drink. But this must be in cases of no great heat or inflammation, in which it would be dangerous.  
Amongst all the Remedies, which serve against Infectious Diseases, that of Henricus Stapedius, to be found in my Book de Pestilentia, is an excellent one, and perhaps the best for curing as well as preserving; of which half a spoonful being taken fasting, is able to keep a Man well for twelve hours or more: But if any be already infected, he must take of it at any time immediately, to the quantity of a spoonful and an half, or two spoonfuls, for sweeting. Which is to be repeated every eighteen or twenty four hours, to make the Patiented sweat, till he recover, or till the Pestilential Boils and Carbuncles break out behind the Ears, under the Arms, or elsewhere. This Water, though it be somewhat dear, yet its virtue countervailes its price. The older it grows, the more virtue it hath.  
Many have ascribed great efficacy to the Blood of Animals: Thus old Democritus, (witness Galen,) prepared an Electuary of such Blood, called Diathaematôn. Some esteem much the Blood of Storks, because they eat Toads and Snakes; others value the Blood of Hens, because they eat Spiders and other venomous Infects. I should esteem most the Flesh or Blood of Badgers; which is to be dried in the shade, and that done, you must mix with it Saffron, Camphir, and some or other of the Anti-pestilential roots, as of Angelica, Zedoaria, or the like, together with a little live Brimstone to the quantity of a ducat; which is to be taken in Acetum of Rue, or Marigold-flowers, or Walnuts, and in case of want of these, in common Vinegar: Upon which the Patient is to sweat. If thou art a good husband, have ready a good Acetum of Rue, Walnut-kernels and Marigold-flowers, taking the greater quantity of Rue; and as you use it, fill it up again with Acetum of Elderberries.  
The Rich do use for their Physic in the time of the Plague the red Hungarian, as also the Imperial red and grey Powder, Bezoar, Hartshorn, Antidotum Matthioli, Terra Sigillata, Bole Armeniack, Scorzonera and Contrayerva, Species de Gemmis, Diamargariton de Hyacintho, and other high Medicines, of which I have largely discoursed in my  Book De Pestilentia. But I, though I have used such remedies among the Rich, yet I content myself commonly with the plainer and most common Medicines, of which I have more knowledge and experience.  
The Pickle of Ebulus or Walwort, (alias Dane-wort or Dwarf-elder,) which is of kin to Elder; as also the Pickle of Juniper-berries, are also of great use in this case.  
The Physicians of Ausburg made great use, in the year 1572, of the red Imperial powder; the composition of which is in the Augustan Dispensatory at large, as also in my Book de Peste.  
These are the several means to provoke sweat, which I esteem to be of great efficacy for that purpose upon a sudden. And though Soldiers have not the conveniency of a bed for sweeting, when they are in a march, and often cannot put off their  for many nights together; yet let them use such sudorifique means: for, though they cannot sweat outright, yet they may fall into a dampish moisture, which if it strike not in again, may prove as good as a sweat. Yet in this case he must turn his shirt: Quod non facit sudor, praestat id tenuis udor.  
But here is to be noted, that 'tis not enough, once only to give a sudorifique Medicine to an infected Body; considering that the venom, like a raging Sea, is tossed to and fro every way. And though it should seem to thee, as if by thy approved Antidote thou hadst overcome the Disease, the Symptoms of it excepted, yet thou art not to trust in this case; for I myself have been sometimes deceived, and hard put to it to make good what by confidence I had omitted. Wherefore you must not trust to the once taking a sudorifique potion or powder, because such malign and lurking Diseases, that keep no stitch, do indeed fly the first time from thy Medicament, and hid themselves under it, but they are wont suddenly to reappear. Wherefore you must repeat the Antidotes, that were first administered to you, for the time of 16, 18, 20 or 24 hours, according to circumstances, and so long and often, till you judge your sick Brothers or Friends Heart secured from the infectious Venom.  
When the sweeting is over, thou must then refresh thy Patient, first by drying him well, and next by giving him a little Vinegar to taste in a spoon. The Rich may afford some slices of Citron, of which Theopompus Chius writeth, that the Tyrant Clearchus Heracleota, who lived in Pontus, having poisoned many People, the virtue of Citron was at length found out, of which a slice being eaten proved an effectual Antidote against it. The same virtue may be found in a slice of a common Apple; and the Syrupus de Pomis is one of the Cordials of our shops.  
But the thirst, that uses to follow upon sweeting, will not be quenched with so small a matter; wherefore take three parts of water, one part of Vinegar, and, if the Patient be not too hot, one part of Wine, mixing some Sugar therewith, and of this let him drink a good draught, and it will cool and refresh him.  
Besides, take some of the guts of Hens, and some slices of Radish, sprinkle them with Vinegar and Salt, and bind them to the soles of his feet; this will draw away the heat. But let not the Radish lie too long upon them, because it will give a stink that may increase the headache, wherewith the People that have the Plague are commonly troubled enough without provoking it. Moreover you will do well to tie about his wrists some Rue beaten with Vinegar. Anoint his Loins and Backbone with the Unguent of Roses, or with fresh Butter; but if there appear any Spots, forbear to anoint him, lest they should be driven in.  
You will do well to have Epithemata of good things about you, as of Rose-water and Elder-vinegar, to lay over the Heart; with which mix some Camphir. But if you find any thing of Specks, etc. broke out, you must use no wet thing.  
Anoint his Heart with Oil of Scorpions, take the Oil of Sea-blossoms and of those Earthworms that appear after rain, of each six ounces, of St Johns-wort Oil two ounces, of fresh Elder-blossoms and Rue, each a handful and an half, of the Acetum of Marigold-flowers and Roses, each about three ounces, of live Spiders forty five: Boil all these together, till the Vinegar be so qualified, that when 'tis thrown into the fire, it cause no cracking there. Then strain it, and in this strained Oil put a matter of five and twenty Spiders more, of the biggest sort, and add to it of Camphir dissolved in the Spirit of Roses half a drachm; let it stand in Balneo Mariae or upon hot embers for twelve hours, and then put to it of Treacle and Mithridate, of each half an ounce, and let them work together. With this Oil anoint the eight Pulses, viz. both Temples, behind both Ears, both Hands, and both Knees, as also the Heart. And this is an excellent Succedaneum to Scorpion-oyl, much used by the Germans.  
Besides, you must refresh and strengthen the Patient with convenient Meat and Drink; I mean with good Flesh- or Barley-broath, with a little Vinegar in it to make it savoury to him who will have appetite too little else, till he have shaken off this venomous Distemper; which when he hath done, his stomach will be so keen, that you will find work enough to keep him from surfeiting.  
Be also careful to keep thy Patient's Body open; if he be obstructed, use a Clyster, or take Butter or Hogs-grease, mixing a little Salt with it, or, if it be to be gotten, a little Mice-trickles, and put it into his bowels. Physic at the mouth for this purpose is not always safe: When the Patient is discharged of the venom, a little liquor of stewed Prunes with some Senna-leaves in it will do well for opening the body. Some fresh Butter eaten in the morning, or melted in warm Broth, and taken down, is wont also to keep the body soluble.  
The Drink of these Patients may be, Water with some Bread soaked in it; or take of such Water, wherein Bread hath been soaked, one quart, and a little Vinegar, with two or three spoonfuls of Kitchin-sugar, mingling it well together. If you have no Sugar, use such Water with Vinegar alone: This affords good Drink in malignant Fevers. Among the Romans it was drunk by the Soldiers, under the name of Posca.  
You may also take a handful of well cleaned Plantain-roots, and boil them up in three quarts of Water, and then decant the Water, which though it be, somewhat bitter, yet 'tis very good in Fevers, and a good Drink in hot Distempers.  
If you have Oil of Vitriol, let a few drops of it fall into clear Water, mingling it well; and you will have a factitious Sawer-brun or Acidulae. But use no Metalline Vessel for this purpose. With this kind of Water many People have been served in all sorts of Fevers; the Oil of Vitriol in such Distempers, if rightly used, being very beneficial.  
But if a Man should have with it any Pulmonick Disease, in that case he must forbear acid things, and use Liquorice, and content himself with Ptisane. Nor is it at all good to use acids in Pestilential Pleurisies.  
And since on this occasion we mention this case, and we having above given warning, not easily to blood in Pestilential Diseases; yet may Venae-section be sometimes, upon good consideration, used in that Pleurisy, provided it be done in the very beginning, and the Patient be strong and full of blood. Yet this is not to lessen the blood, but only to give it vent; but before bleeding the Patient is to sweat by taking some of the above specified Antidotes.  
If the Patient have violent Headache, lay on his head Vine-leaves or fresh Cabbage-leaves; and, if you have no Alablaster-salve, take two parts of Vinegar, and one part of Oil of Olives (the Sea-blossoms Oil, and Elder-Vinegar were better;) dip long rags of linen therein, and having well squeezed them again, lay them lukewarm over the face and temples. Even Vinegar alone is good. Of such Applications you may make many, of Acetum of Roses, Elder-blossoms, and the like, with a little Camphir. The expressed Milk of Peaches is also very effectual in this case.  
If at the going off of this Distemper, a hot defluxion should fall into the Eyes, take Camphir and infuse it in water, and often moisten the Eyes therewith; and if it should be cold and windy weather, you will do well to keep yourself out of the open Air, and not to let this water dry up in your Eyes in the cold wind.  
In case of having lost thy hearing, take of thy own Urine, and with it wash thy Ears within, but withal dry them very well, because that moisture is very noxious to the Ears▪ And it often happens, that after the Hungarian Sickness People grow deaf or hard of hearing. Others put the water of Carduus-benedictus distilled with Wine into the Ears, or the Oil of bitter Almonds.  
If thy Throat swell, or the Palate of thy Mouth be fallen down, gargarize thy Throat with warm Milk, wherein Figgs have been boiled, or sweetened with Sugar. The Flowers of Phyllirea or Mock-privet, which grows in the hedges, boiled, and used for a gargarism, heals also a sore Throat. The same doth the middle rind of Oxyacantha or Haw-thorn if boiled, with a little Allom dissolved in the Decoction. If you have the juice of Mulberries, mix a little honey of Roses with it, and often take a little thereof. The roots of Sloes boiled in red Wine, and the Mouth often washed therewith, is also very good.  
If thou hast the Squinancy, boil Scabious in Meath, and drink thereof warm, when strained. Beat Turnips and fry them in Butter or Oil, and clap them in a cloth round about thy Neck.  
If thou cast up blood, take Mouse-ear, Ground-ivy, Cumfrey; boil them in half Wine and half Water, or in Meath, and drink often of it. But if the Plague reign not, open first a Vein.  
For a violent Cough, boil white Turnips, well cleansed in common water; throw away this first water, pour on other water, and in it let the Turnips boil till they grow soft. Strain this water, sweeten it with Sugar, or infuse in it Liquorice cut small; and drink of it mornings and evenings warm. Or make a Decoction of St John's bread, and drink it, abstaining from all sour and salt things,  
The bleeding at the Nose is also incident to persons infected; which is no good sign, though in sound persons it often frees from the Headache, and cools the Liver. If this bleeding be too violent, clap Ice-cold water about the Patient's Neck, or let him put his Pudenda in cold Vinegar.   

CHAP. V Of the Inflammation of the Tongue, its rise, and concomitants, together with the Remedies.  
When the Tongue is inflamed, the whole Oesophagus or Weasand is inflamed also, and this from beneath upward, because the inward fire sends up its smoke all along, as it were, that chimney, which like soot sticks to it, drying and blackening the same.  
But there is another Inflammation, much more dangerous, which taketh its rise about the Heart, and therefore is called the Inflammation of the Heart, which proceeds from the great inflammation of the orifice of the Stomach, situate near the Heart, in which is inserted the sixth pair of Nerves, which maketh the said orifice very sensible of any pain. This part being seized by so great an inflammation, which is venomous withal, it must in a manner harden, and shrink; and this heat is of that extent, that, the inner Membrane of the Stomach and that of the Tongue being one and the same, what befalls the Stomach, the Tongue must needs be sensible of it. Whence it comes to pass, that if the Gall overflows and passeth into the Stomach, the Tongue presently finds the bitterness of it; or if the Stomach be full of slime, or foul, or the like, the Tongue is soon affected therewith.  
There is another kind of Inflammation, by the Latins called Prunella alba. This is of the same kind with the rest, but not of the same degree; for 'tis not of so dry a nature, as the others are, but commonly is moist, yet overlays all the Gums, the Throat, and the Weasand with such a tough white slime, like a kind of leather, and so covers the Almonds with the same, that sometimes it can hardly be removed even with Instruments, The Tongue is as if it were crusted over with dough, the Gums like an Oven that by the heat of fire is burnt white, the Almonds covered as 'twere with white leather, and the Palate of the Mouth likewise. And in this case if the Patient will speak, he lalls and stutters, his Tongue being burdened with a load of slime; or, if he make his Tongue wag, the slime spins out like a thread, and so invades the Teeth as if they were laid over with varnish. And when this varnish on the Teeth grows black (as I have often observed it to do) and drieth on them, 'tis a mortal sign; of which Hypocrates saith, Quibus in febribus livores circum dentes nascuntur, his fortes fiunt febres, 4. Aph. 53.  
These are the three sorts of Inflammation; for which let us now seek out the Remedies, beginning from the last, the White. This is not to be mastered by gargarisms alone, but the hand must be employed also. Take therefore Cotton-wool, or Flax, and wind it about a stick or rod, and dip this in Vinegar, and rake his Throat and Gums therewith, yet taking care not to make it raw; let him gargarise between, and wash well his Mouth with Water and Vinegar, or Mul-berry-juyce. Privet that grows in the hedges, or the middle rind of Hawthorn, boiled in Water and a little Vinegar, then strained, with a little Sal-armoniack put into it, is in this case an excellent gargarism; but if there be blisters upon the Tongue, or elsewhere, then take instead of Sal-armoniack a little un-burnt Allom, and mix it therewith. If you can have the Juice of Turnips, or the Juice of fresh House-leek, dissolve therein also a little Sal-armoniack, and use it to wet the stick, wherewith thou cleansest the Throat of the Patient; dipping it often therein, and carrying it about the Uuula or Palate of the Mouth; and you will see lumps come away as big as Pease. The skin is under this Prunella alba fair and red, but tender. Whilst thou art cleansing the Patient's Mouth, let him often gargarise with the Water's above-specified, and he will clear his Mouth of the loosened lumps. If thou canst get Mulberry-juyce mixed with Honey of Roses, the Mouth will heal the better; for upon this sort of Inflammation there usually follows a Putrefaction of the Mouth; and in case thou perceivest any such thing, take Woodsorrel, and the abovesaid rind of Hawthorn, make a Decoction of it, and put in it a little Allom, and often gargarise with it. Clean thy Teeth from the slime with Water well sharpened with Vitriol.  
The common Inflammation of the Mouth may be cured with frequent washing of the Mouth, taking a gargarism made of House-leek, Lettuce, Nightshade, or Self-heal Water, mixing a little Honey of Roses and Mul-berry-juyce with it. Of this gargarism the Patient is also to swallow a little, thereby to moisten the Throat.  
Some take House-leek, and beat it, and put to a pound of it half an ounce of Sal-armoniack, mixing it well together. And so they put it for some days in an earthen pot glazed under ground; then they distil of it a Water in Balneo or in Sand: Which is excellent both to drink and to gargarise, though the Sal-armoniack make it a little unpleasant.  
But there is nothing better to allay this Inflammation than Niter; which is so well known amongst Soldiers, that they are wont to give one another Gunpowder to drink, which Powder performs this effect not upon the account of the Coals or Brimstone, but the Saltpetre.  
For this cause Experienced Physicians and Surgeons endeavour to purify Niter for this use, that it may have the greater effect; and this they do in manner following:  
They take of the purest Niter they can get, as much as they think fit; they beat it to a fine powder, and melt it in a large Crucible, and whilst it boils up and foameth, they pour into it a little powdered Sulphur, and so let it boil together, till the blue Sulphur-flame ceaseth; then they cast in more fresh Sulphur: Which they repeat often, and then pour out the Niter into an earthen vessel glazed, making Lozenges of it, of which they put one pulverised into a quart of limpid water, and so give the Patient to drink of it as much as he needs to quench his thirst. Or they give of this purified Niter to their Patients, labouring under this Inflammation, the quantity of a ducat or half a ducat weight in Broth, or in Ptisan, till they find the Tongue cleared of its slime.  
The use of Saltpetre thus prepared removeth also the Inflammation of the Heart, especially if it be melted upon Lead, and then proceeded with as before. For Lead is a considerable cooler, of which cooling quality the Niter, whilst it is melting upon it, taketh in not a little. Let then your Lead melt, and when 'tis melted, dissolve the Niter upon it, and then, to purify it, cast some Brimstone into it, as was said above, till it be cleansed from all impurity; and then give of it to thy Patient two or three times a day, according as need shall require.  
Otherwise, take live Crafish and fresh House-leek, beat them together in a mortar, squeeze out the Juice, with it mix a little Sal-armoniack, or a pretty deal of thy prepared Niter; make a Potion of it, and give of it even cold to thy Patient, repeating this several times, every eight or ten hours once, according as you shall see occasion.  
Or, take fresh Lard, (if it be salted, draw it through hot water to unsalt it,) and cut a slice of it two fingers large, and of the thickness of a knives back; put this into the Mouth of thy Patient, it is an excellent remedy against this Inflammation; of which I shall give the reason hereafter. I have seen wonders done with it. But if thy Patient do rave, then fasten this slice of Lard with a thread and needle to his shirt or doublet, lest he swallow it. Or take fresh Butter, and put it in cold water, and of it give thy Patient at a time the quantity of a hazelnut to hold it upon his Tongue, and let it melt there; which will keep the Tongue always moist. And if thou work among this Butter some of thy prepared Niter, it hath a wonderful effect, though the taste be not pleasant.  
I promised above to explain the Reason of the Cure of these Inflammations. When you take a gargarism of the Waters of Nightshade, Woodsorrel, Knotgrass, Endive, House-leek, and the like, mingled with Vinegar, you do well, but this is not enough; the reason is: If you wet a piece of Leather, you make it indeed limber, but when it comes to be dry, it grows hard and shrinks; except you grease it over with some fatty matter, and then it will remain smooth. So it is with the Tongue; though it be made clean with gargarisms, yet will it become again rough and untoward, unless some fatness be used: For which cause I have directed to use Lard, or Butter mixed with Niter.  
If the Almonds be swelled, thou must abstain from all sour things, and prepare a gargarism of Figgs, St. John's Bread, Mallows-flowers, Liquorice, Elder-canes, mixing with it some Rose-honey or Juice of Walnuts, or the Rob Diamorom, gargling often with it, seeing that this symptom is a dangerous thing; for when the Throat swells of it, few Patients do escape death, especially if it be a Pestilential Squinancy. And in case there appear any Tumour outwardly, take fine Flower, Milk and Saffron, making a Pulse of it, and, to keep it from growing hard, mix with it Althea-salve, or Houndstongue-salve, the Oil of blue Violets, Mullein, white Lilies, Camomile, or the like, adding a little Oil of Scorpions to it, and applying this outwardly.  
Make also a Scraper of Alder-wood, if it may be had; if not, other wood will serve, though Alder be best. Throw it into cold water, and let it lie there, using it as often as there is need; yet take heed of making thy Tongue sore or raw.   

CHAP. VI Of Fevers, Belly-aches, Tumours of the Belly, Yellow Jaundice and Distempers of the Liver.  
IN Camps there is nothing more frequent than Fevers of the Stomach, arising from ill diet, which Soldiers are often put to for want of better, eating what they can get, Cheese, Herbs, Flesh half boiled, stolen and musty Bread and the like. Hence is gathered a morbific matter in the Stomach, which causeth putrefaction, and consequently Stomack-feavers.  
In this case thou art first to purge: And for that purpose make use of the Pulvis solutivus de tribus, recommended above, taking the weight of a ducat or a ducat and an half, in warm broth, and fasting two or three hours after it. Or fetch from the Apothecary of the Tabulatum Diaturbith cum Rhubarbaro, or the Diaphoenicon in tabulis, taking half an ounce at a time, and keeping thy Chamber. Or, infuse Sena-leaves in Wormwood-wine, and drink a small glass-full of it an hour before thy breakfast: This will also serve very well, especially if some Carduus benedictus have also been fermented in the Wormwood-wine.  
If thou art troubled with Gripe or Inflation of the Belly, take of Zedoar, or Angelica-roots, or Orange-peels, cut them small, and take at a time the weight of a ducat in hot broth. If the Inflation be much, take in the morning the quantity of a hazelnut of Mithridate, fasting an hour after it; and if the pains of thy Belly prevail, make a Decoction of Wormwood in Wine, and drink of it as hot as thou canst; this will allay the pains and give thee some stools. Mean time abstain from raw Fruit, and Beer, Milk, Herbs; and such like.  
If thou art swollen, take half a drachm of Rhubarb, and about the same quantity or a little less of Mechocan; reduce it to powder, and take it in Wormwood-wine, or warm broth, in the morning fasting, and eat nothing within an hour or two after. Be careful to take down some Treacle in the morning fasting; but you are first to be purged. Otherwise make a Decoction of the Roots of Elecampane and Pimpernel, or Swallow-wort, in Wine, and drink a warm draught of it mornings; it will provoke Urine. If thou canst bear amongst it Wormwood, Carduus benedictus, or Centory, add them in the Decoction, and it is a good potion for the Liver.  
An Herb, called by the Latins Eupatoriam Avicennae, in English (I think) Common Hemp-Agrimony, hath a great operation in swollen People, drinking of the Decoction thereof, made in Wine. Besides, use in this case Parsley and Smallage-roots in thy meat. Boil Horseradish, and drink of the Decoction warm in the morning. Thy ordinary drink is to be a water, in which hath been boiled a good quantity of Cummin, Annis or Fennel. You may also now and then drink a little Wine, swollen People having no great heat in them.  
From these obstructions of the Liver and Mesaraic Veins comes difficulty of Breathing and a dry Cough, which occasions the Inflation of the Belly, and helps to entertain the crudities and indigestions: Mean time there useth to follow upon this the Yellow Jaundice. For this, take the Roots of Cyclamen or Showbread, reduce them to powder, and take the weight of half a ducat in Meath, or Wine mixed with a little Honey, sweeting upon it; and you shall find your sheets discoloured of a yellowish colour. In the same manner make use of the Seed of Aquileja, or Columbine. I have reduced these three to powder, and mixed them together, and given of it the weight of a ducat to sweat; which hath proved very successful. Orange-peels used in like manner, do also much good in this case. The bitter Centory boiled in Meath, and a good draught drank of it warm in the morning, is also very good. Likewise a Decoction of the white Horehound and Cichory-roots is also used to good purpose in this case. These things expel also Worms, if any do lodge within thee; for which may also be used the Soldier's Pills of Aloe, called Marocostinae. In this case Vinegar of Squills is also an excellent remedy, taking of it in the morning early a spoonful, two or three, and exercising after it. It will open the Breast, and make you expectorate phlegm and slime in abundance.  
If you be troubled with Wind and Gripe of the Guts, be careful to have your Body soluble. Boil Calamus, cut small, in broth, drink of it hot, putting a little Angelica, or Masterwort. Do this mornings and evenings, and beware of drinking cold, and abstain from all Milk, keeping yourself very warm, especially about the Feet, which you will do well to bathe with a Decoction made of Asarabacca, Camomile, wild Trefoil, wild Marierom, wild Thyme, putting a little Salt into it. For your drink, boil Cummin, Annis or Fennel in water; and now and then a glass of wine may do well.  
These Gripe may also be cured with drinking very bitter Wormwood-wine, as hot as you can endure it. This is also opening. If you boil Elecampane, and Orange-peels with the Wormwood, it will have the greater effect. And if you add to it Allium Sylvestre (Crowgarlick) you have an excellent Medicine for this purpose. This I have used myself, and found present relief from it, when in a very hard Winter upon a Journey I was taken with these Gripe. 'Tis indeed a very unpleasant potion, exceeding bitter, especially being to be drunk hot; but the good effects will make amends for that. If the pains should not cease after all this, mix with it the quantity of a hazelnut of Treacle or Mithridate, and so drink it off together.  
If you can get Malvasy, mix a little Oil of Olives with it, and drink of it warm. Oil of sweet Almonds would be better, one half of that and the other of Malvasy; though these things perhaps will not so easily be had in a Camp. Fresh Butter may serve instead of Oil.  
Else make a Decoction of Juniper-berries, or Laurel-berries, and Elecampane in strong Wine, and drink a good draught of it mornings and evenings. Or reduce the Herb Carduus benedictus to powder, and drink its weight of a ducat in warm Malvasy or other strong Wine; it will remove the Gripe, especially if you mix with it a little Zedoary pulverised.  
For your Meat, take Larks, if they chance to be in season, draw them, and fill their bellies with Garlic, and so roast and eat them.  
Make a Decoction of Burnet, or of Master-wort, and Laurel-berries, in Beer, strain it, and melt a little Butter in it, adding a little Pepper, and so drink of it hot.  
For an outward Application, take the Oil of Rue and Wormwood, dip Cotton into it, and put it warm to thy Navel. Or beat Onions, and fry them in Dill or Camomile-Oyl, wrap it up in a linen Cloth, and apply it to thy Belly, where the pain is most violent, refreshing it often.  
The Oil of Laurel-berries, mixing a little Juniper-berry-oyl or Nutmeg-oyl with it, may be used with great benefit, anointing the Navel therewith, and afterwards put to the Navel a warm dry bag filled with Bran and Camomile-blossoms. Or fry Cowdung in the Oil of Dill, or of Camomile, or of white Lilies, and apply it thus to thy Navel, keeping thyself, and especially thy Legs, very warm.  
If you perceive any Hydropical Distemper in you, make a Decoction of Wormwood and Juniper-berries in Wine, drink every morning a warm draught of it fasting. You may also to very good purpose boil with it Swallow-wort, Burnet, or Succory roots, adding also to it some Annis or Fennel-seed. But it will be requisite first of all to purge with Mechoacan and Rhubarb; and now and then to repeat this purgation. Abstain from Milk, Beer, Fruit, and all raw and obstructing food. If you knew how to use Elder, you would have an excellent Purge to free your Body from the Hydropical water, because the Juice of the Roots of Elder purgeth Hydropical Persons exceedingly: But 'tis not so safe to use it, unless you do it with great caution, because a very little of it taken inwardly purgeth both by stool and vomit, like Antimony. Half a nutshell full may suffice. The like effect you'll find in Elder-buds boiled, and then dressed with Oil and Vinegar like a Salad, eating a very little of it. But I advise you not to use too much of it; else it will cast you into great faintness. The Juice of the Roots of blue Lilies hath the like virtue, but is likewise to be used with great discretion.  
Otherwise take Earthworms, and having washed them clean in Wine, reduce them to powder, and take of it for some morning's the weight of half a drachm in warm Broth or Wine, mixing a little Rhubarb with it.  
The Swelling of your Legs may be removed by heating some Tiles and sprinkling them with Wine, and clapping them about your Legs to make them sweat. For a swollen Groin, take warm Milk, wherein Calamus Aromaticus hath been boiled, and sweeten it well with Sugar, and apply it.   

CHAP. VII. Of all sorts of Fluxes; as also the Tenasmus, or vain endeavour of going to stool; and the Hemorrhoid or Riles, and Marisca's or sore Fundaments.  
IN Wars and Camps, Bloody and other Fluxes are very frequent, caused by an irregular and ill diet; and these Distempers, especially the Bloody Flux, carry away abundance of Men. Where it is to be noted, that the Bloody Flux is infectious, and very catching.  
Common Fluxes and Loosenesses may easily be cured. Amongst other Remedies, take burnt Hartshorn, and take it often in Broth; or pulverise Medlar-kernels, and take of the powder in Broth likewise. Also an Electuary made of Quinces and Sloes will cure them. The same does Nutmeg, and the Roots of Tormentil, Snakeweed, or the Roots of Cinquefoil, baked in Eggs, and eaten. Likewise the Seed of Dock, broad Plantain; item Terra Sigillata, or Bolus Armenus, and Wheaten-bread coming hot out of the oven, and dipped in red Wine, and eaten. Again, Mastic pulverised, and put into Almon-milk, red Wine, or Broth, the weight of a drachm, is good for such a Looseness especially as comes from indigestion; adding a little Nutmeg or Galingal to it. Oaken-leaves also, or the Rinds of Pear-trees, with a little Mace boiled in Wine, and drunk, cureth common Fluxes. Again, Bursa Pastoris (Shepherds-Purse) boiled in Steel-water with a little Coriander, and drunk, is also very good; and so are Crafish boiled in Vinegar, and the scales beaten to powder, taking a drachm of it mornings and evenings, either in red Wine, or in Broth wherein red-hot Steel hath been several times quenched. Hawes also boiled, and made into a thick Electuary, and strained, is beneficial, if taken in the morning fasting, and an hour or so before supper, the quantity of a Walnut.  
Besides, take new Milk with its Cream on it, quench therein divers times red-hot Pebble-stones, so that the Milk may grow hot of it; then mix with it two or three well-beaten Yolks of Eggs, two ounces of Sugar, melting in it an ounce and an halt of the Suet of a Deer or Stagg, and about half an ounce of Album-graecum, using it for a Clyster, which cleanseth and healeth the Guts, and allays the sharpness of the Blood and other corrosive humours, that annoy the Bowels.  
But take heed of not stopping too suddenly the Bloody Flux, or any other Laske; for if you do, the annoyance will remain in the Body, and cause Impostumes, Difficulty of breathing, and other dangerous Distempers. Wherefore consult with thy strength, and if that be considerable, make not too much haste; yet keep a bridle upon it, so as to be able to stop it when there is need. Mean time, if it be without a Fever or heat, you may do much with new Milk, drinking it also mornings and evenings warm, some red-hot Stones having been quenched therein, and some Sugar mixed with it, to prevent curdling in your Stomach. This Medicine was known to the famous Grecian Physicians, Aetius, Alexander Trallianus, and Galenus himself, l. 10. de Simpl. Med. facult. If you add a little Album-graecum to it, 'twill be the better. I have myself done much good with thus prepared Milk, but then there must be no Fever; which if there be, you'll easily perceive it by a great thirst, quick pulse, hot hands, and little sleep, etc. For, Bloody Fluxes are not wont to be accompanied with shaking Fevers, but only with hot fits, which spend more of the Patient's strength in an hour, than shaking Agues in several days; which is to be well heeded.  
Eggs boiled hard in Vinegar, and given to the Patient, that is troubled either with the Bloody or any other Flux, it will be stopped.  
The Roots of Tormentil, or of Snake-weed pulverised, and this powder drunk in a convenient vehicle, the weight of a drachm, is one of the most approved remedies against these Fluxes; Tormentil-roots being very powerful not only to stop them, but also to take away their carching malignity.  
The Moss that grows on wild Rose-shrubs, reduced to powder, and taken in Wine, wherein have been boiled the husks of Acorns; is an approved remedy in this case.  
Scrape red Lead or Rudle, such as Carpenters mark their lines with, put it into Wine or Broth, wherein hath been boiled the broader kind of Plantain and Tormentil-roots; or take it in an Egg.  
Hares-blood dried, and taken inwardly, is also a tried Medicine in this Distemper. Item, open a newlaid Egg, take out the white, and fill it up with Nutmeg, or the pulverised root of Tormentil or of Snake-weed, and give it the Patient to eat; or put into it some pulverised Bloodstone, and it will do good.  
I have used with good success the Seed of the broader Plantain, grossly beaten, and roasted in an Egg, against the Flux; and I know it also to have been beneficially used against the Bloody Flux.  
Take of Mummy, a little Mastic, Bol Armeniac, Sanguis Draconis, mix them together, and make a powder of them, and take of it in a convenient liquor, the weight of a drachm, once or twice a day.  
Take Rye-biscuit, and boil it in water with Coriander and the roots of Tormentil or of Cranesbill; quench some Steel in it once or twice, and give of it to the Patient to drink.  
Make a Decoction of Shepherds-purse and Meadow-sweet, in water and wine, and now and then drink of it.  
Burn live Crasishes in an earthen Pipkin well-closed, until they be so burnt as to be reduced to powder; of which give to the Patiented mornings and evenings a thimbleful or two in a convenient liquor.  
A dried Liver of a sucking Lamb, or of any other such Animal, is very good in this case, provided such a Liver, before 'tis dried, be boiled in Vinegar. Let the Patient take a drachm of it twice a day. Also the Blood of a Lamb, or of a Hind, both dried, will have here a good effect.  
Take a Pigeon, Woodcock, or Partridge, and having drawn any of them, fill them with Mastic and a little Nutmeg, and so roast them on a spit, and whilst they are roasting, baste them with red wine, and so let them roast till they grow so hard as will make them pulverable; then reduce them or any of them to powder, and take a spoonful of it at a time in warm broth.  
The highest Experiment in this case is Crocus Martis, taken in the Juice of the broader kind of Plantain, or in a Pulse of red Beans, or Rice-broath; the dose is half a dram. But when the pain is very great, you may then add to it some opiate Medicine, as of the Trochisques de Garabe, or one only grain of Laudanum Opiatum. And give the Patient now and then a little newmade Treacle, or mix with it a few grains of the Confection of Archigenes; for of such Medicaments a Field-Apotheque is not wont to be destitute.  
For the Patients ordinary drink, boil water, and in it Coriander, dried Sloes, dried slices of Quinces, burnt Hartshorn, Mastic, Nutmeg, or any one of these; putting to it some of the roots of Snake-weed, Tormentil, or such like adstringent roots. Of this water the Patient may drink according as his necessity shall require.  
The red Juice of Quinces, boiled up without Sugar, is also much to be commended in this case, for strengthening the bowels, two or three spoonfuls of it being taken at a time, and that twice a day.  
In many places a drink is made of Sloes, Pilosella or Mouse-ear, and Juniper-berries, infusing them all in common water, and letting them ferment together. This yields a pleasant acid drink, allaying the violence of the Flux, and quenching thirst withal.  
The Rich may make Granat or Quince-wine. But I have here undertaken to deliver such things, as are parable and cheap for the poor common Soldier.  
I am sorry, that in the Field there is no conveniency of administering Clysters: For, though I prescribe none without great necessity; yet Clysters being of great benefit in Diseases of the bowels; they being to them like Plasters, I cannot but recommend in this Distemper Clysters of Milk, wherein Pebble-stones have been several times quenched, mixing a little of the melted suet of a Stag or Hind, without any oil or other fat. I remember, I had once a Patient of quality, that had about an hundred stools within twenty four hours, who by the use of such Clysters, once or twice applied, was fully restored. The cause whereof is, that the Milk washes the bowels, and clears them of the sharp humours that annoy them; moreover, it is healing and repairing, by reason of the Pebbles quenched therein. The Sugar is abstersive, and helps to clean the injured places. The Far sticks to the parts annoyed, to defend them from being further hurt by the subsequent humours, which running down over it, can find no stay there, and consequently cause no more hurt to those parts.  
Yet must you not put in any greasy Fat, or any Oil of Olives, because they hinder healing; and all Oil, except that of Linseed, Poppies, Hemp and Almonds, is very sharp; and you will find, that if any drop of Oil of Olives should chance to fall into your eye, no Juice of Oranges or Lemons is so strong as to exceed the acrimony of that Oil. But of this Oil more will be said in the next Chapter, to which I therefore refer you. If you would have your Clyster yet milder and more sanative, you may beat a yolk or two of newlaid Eggs, and mix them with it; though I have contented myself with the Ingredients before mentioned, and found great benefit thereby. Else you may in this case use for a Clyster the Cremor hordei, mixed with yolks of Eggs beaten in it; which is also very good to wash out the bowels.  
Here is no conveniency of making much use of Apothecary-shops; else many things might be prescribed to lay upon the belly and the navel, as also divers fermentations, and stomachical unguents. You may therefore content yourself with those plain and easily parable means, already delivered, and be thankful to God for them.  
But than you are also to think upon means to obviate Symptoms of this Distemper, and particularly Drought, which is wont very much to torment people in this Disease. 'Tis true, Acid things do quench thirst, but they cannot be used boldly, and therefore you must use them with great discretion and wariness. And as for sweet things, they usually increase thirst, and do easily corrupt, and turn into gall. Wherefore give to the Patient preserved Currants; or, if fresh ones be in season, mix a quantity of them with Honey or Sugar, and give him of it to eat upon white-Bread and Butter. Or plump dried Black-cherries, or dried Damascene-prunes, in half Wine and half Water, and let him hold and squeeze them in his mouth. Or, if you can, mingle some Almond-milk with Chalybeat-water, and let him drink thereof; and this is both meat and drink. Or let him drink water, wherein Coriander and roots of Tormentil have been boiled. Or boil in water dried slices of Quinces, roots of Bistorta or Snake-weed, and burnt Hartshorn, put into it a toasted crust of Rye-bread rubbed with Nutmeg, but let it not lie in it above a quarter of an hour, lest the water should thicken and become viscous. Marmelat also of Quinces, Black-cherries, and Sloes, is proper in this case, giving the Patiented a slice of it to hold upon his tongue, and so to swallow it down.  
Further, you must learn how to remedy a Tenasmus, which is more irksome to the Patient, and occasions more trouble to the Physician, than the Bloodyflux itself, since it night and day painfully provokes the poor Patient to go to stool, and yet to no purpose. For this I have used many remedies, but found almost nothing more beneficial, than Fomentations of this nature following: Take Potentilla (wild tansy Silver-weed) Knotgrass, Mullein, and Oak-leaves, of each as much as you please, put them into two linen bags, and let them boil in Smiths-water, wherein much Iron hath been quenched: Squeeze out these bags between two boards, and let them be held alternately to the anus, as hot as can be endured. Black Pitch, such as is found on Larch and Fir-trees, put upon a heated fireshovel, and the fundament held over it, is also a good remedy; and so is Turpentine, used after the same manner.  
Again, take a black well-burnt Brick out of the hearth, heat it thoroughly, and wet it with sharp Vinegar, and wrap it about with a linen cloth, and let the Patient sit on it as hot as he can endure it. This was the Experiment and Remedy of old Aetius; but he reduced the Brick to powder, and by boiling it in Vinegar, reduced it to a pulse, and so put it into a linen rag, and applied it to the fundament. You may choose which you please of the two.  
Milk-Clysters, such as above prescribed, would also be good, but that 'tis not safe with Clyster-pipes to vex the anus, which is already sore enough. Yet you may give a Suppository of Deers-suet mixed with some Oil of Mullein. And the grey Diapompholox, or the white Camphire-unguent, or the like, mixed with it, would not be improper in this case.  
If there be a Falling down of the fundament, then let it often take in the fumes of the abovementioned Herbs, adding to them the beaten stalks of Sloe-shrubs, and those of red Roses, as also Mouse-ear, and Mugwort. The outer bark of Elder, and of Shepherds-purse, doth also well with it. But above all things keep the Patiented warm, and let by no means any of the abovesaid steams grow cold on the sore part.  
Make also a Decoction of Garlic, and pour it hot into your close-stool, let the Patient sit upon it, to receive the hot steams. Besides, put some  Hartshorn in a linen cloth, and so strew it upon the fundament, by little and little to draw it up. Or heat an Oaken-board very well, and cover it over with Stags-suet, and let the Patient sit upon it whilst 'tis hot. Put Colophonium or the Rosin of Pinetree upon a heated Iron, and let the Patient by holding his fundament over it take in the steams thereof. Anoint also the part with Butter, in which Onions have been boiled; and strew upon it Album-graecum very finely pulverised. You may also make a Salve of Ceruse, Bol Armeniack, Dragons-blood, Stags-suet, Bloodstone, Oil of Myrrh, or Butter in which first hath been boiled broad Plantain, Mullein, or wild tansy Silver-weed; and with this anoint the fundament.  
As for the Marisca's, which do torment Men especially, they may be cured with Oil of Eggs, Salve of red Hounds-tongue, as also with the Unguentum Populeum, or with Butter stirred up and down in a Leaden Mortar, till it turn grey or blackish. Let the Patient drink also of Scrophularia or Fig-wort, infused in his drink, this being a specific for that evil. Also the Oil of Mullein, Elder-blossoms, Water-lilly, and White-lillies, is an excellent remedy for it, a rag dipped therein being laid upon the part affected. To use scarifying on the lower part of the backbone, is also very good, though it be very painful.  
If the Hoemorrhoid-vein bleed in a convenient time, and do not over-bleed, it is an exceeding good thing, and preserves from many Diseases, as the Inflammation of the Lungs, Stitches of the sides, the Leprosy, Melancholy, Quartans, and the like. If the same vein should bleed in one that is mad, or disturbed in his mind, or in one that is troubled with the Inflammation of the Kidneys, these Distempers would thereby be allayed. But if it should bleed too often and too violently, it weakens much, causeth a pale colour and the Dropsy. My Colleagues and I have often opened it by Leeches, and thereby found great benefit. But in case it should exceed in bleeding, you must deal with it as you do with the Bloody Flux, and give to the Patient Terra Sigillata, Bol Armeniack,  Hartshorn, and the like adstringent things. If you can get some teeth of the Hippo-potamus, rasp it into powder, and drink some of it in red or white wine; it stops all bleeding, of the nose, mouth, guts, fundament, hoemorrhoids, the matrix, especially the bleeding of Women after delivery.  
Here is also very useful the expressed Juice of Plantain, Shepherds-purse, and of the tender leaves of Raspberries, or Brambles, infused in wine and drunk.   

CHAP. VIII. Of Pestilential Boils, Ulcers, Carbuncles, and other venomous Sores.  
ABove I have prescribed some, both Preservative and Curative, Medicines against the Plague, reserving for this place the Chirurgical means, to be used against that Distemper, thinking it best to discourse of them together in a place apart.  
Concerning then the Pestilential Bubo's and Sores, that rise behind the Ears, under the Arms, and about the Groin, the Cure of them consists chief in this, that they be ripened with speed; for which end are to be employed mere emollient and suppurating things. Yet are you to know to distinguish between Boils, there being some of them that are not venomous, especially in young people; and they may be hereby discerned, that at the touch they cause no pain, whereas the Pestilential ones are very painful; which are also discovered by the accompanying venomous Fever, and other pernicious Symptoms. And of these latter great care must be had to bring them out, and to a speedy maturation, because those that lie deep are very dangerous.  
Some there have been, that have used Scarification, and even Vesicatories, thereby thinking to fetch out the venom. Others have pierced the Sores through, about a hands breadth beneath the Sores, putting the root of black hellebore into them, thereby to draw out the venomous matter. But such means have rather irritated the evil, caused great pains, and put the Patient to greater danger.  
Wherefore I judge nothing safer and better, than, as I was intimating, to use Emollients. Take then of the common Diachylon, and lay it upon the envenomed Boils; and besides make a pulse of these herbs, viz. of Camomile, Mallows, Melilot, Dill, Line-seed, Fenu-greek, Althaea, the roots of White Lilies, as also salve of Althaea, Oil of Camomile and Lilies, mixing a little Saffron with it, and some Oly of Scorpions. Of this pulse make some warm, and lay it over the Diachylon upon the Sore.  
Or, boil Wheaten-bread in the broth of Mallows and Camomile, till it grow soft, than saffron it over, and mix March-mallows-salve with it, and lay it on. Or make a Plaster of Figgs and roasted Onions; or, make a pulse of Bread-leaven, Honey, yolks of Eggs, and the juice of Onions, adding a little Turpentine to it, and so lay it on.  
If the mere common Diachylon be not sufficient, use the Plaster Diachylon cum gummis or de Mucilaginibus, or mix a Melilot-plaister with the common Diachylon, make a pulse of it with Oil of Lilies, mixing a little Oil of Scorpions with it, and so lay it on.  
In laying on of Treacle, I have this consideration, that Treacle hinders putrefaction, which is the thing here most of all desired, because all maturation, which here is a reducing the Sore to suppuration, is a kind of putrefaction.  
Here also the Plaster called Basilicon is of good use; likewise the Ceratum Oesipum Philagrii and Mesuae, which Cerata are made of Gummi Ammoniac, Bdellium, Turpentine, liquid Styrax, Goose-grease, Marrow of Cows-bones and Oesipum, and a little Saffron. Some take a dried Toad, and lay it upon the boil, to draw out the venom.  
Now when the Sores are softened and ripe, and yet break not of themselves, they are to be opened with a lancet; and if you have to do with Persons so delicate that they cannot endure a lancet, you may make use of the Lapis Septicus or Corrosive-stone, which opens without pain, but is more slow. Mean time beware of opening the Sores too soon; for than they will turn to a hard swelling, which the Patient will not wear off whilst he liveth.  
There are also some Plague-sores that never break, but wear away by sweat. Yet if they should leave behind some hardness, you may, when the danger is past and the sickness overcome, make use of some fomentations of Melilot, Camomile, March-mallows, Mullein and such like: You may also take of the Gum, called Tacamahaca, and mix with it a Plaster of Melilot or Diachylon, and lay it on.  
The Sores being opened, they must be kept open with small pellets, (called by the Germans, Quellmaisseln,) dipped in a Salve made for this purpose out of fresh Butter, Yolks of Eggs, and Turpentine, well mixed together cold.  
But it happens sometimes, that such Bubo's, by reason of the venomous matter, do eat in, or grow fistulous, or make matter-baggs, in which the matter settles. In this case you must use the Unguentum fuscum, Apostolicum, or the Aegyptiacum: Or make the following water, to be squirted into such Sores; namely of Celondine, Scordium or Water-germander, Carduus-benedictus, Centory, or the like Herbs, together with Tormentil and Whitlow-grass; all boiled in wine. If the Sores be very ill, you may boil with it some quick Brimstone, and Myrrh, and, if need be, mix with it a little fine Verdigrease. Or, take Honey four ounces and an half, a quarter of an ounce of Aloes Epatica, a drachm of Salt, an ounce and a half of Scordium, mix all well together, and keep it for use; and when you have occasion for any of it, then dissolve it in wine, and spirit it in. Mean time, enlarge the opening of the Boils with the aforesaid pellets, that so the matter may have vent enough, and come away without any impediment.  
The Unguent of Ulysses Aldrovandus is also very good, for the clearing of such Sores; and 'tis made of Oil of Roses, the Juice of broad Plantain, sharppointed Dock, Centory, and Nightshade, with a little lethargy,  Lead, and prepared Camphir. Instead of the Juice of Nightshade you may take that of Cumfry.  
As for the Sores called Anthraces, and those they call Carbuncles, great care must be taken to break them soon, and to heal them slowly, that so the poisonous matter may all come away. They ripen and break soon by fatty (but not hot) Plasters and Unguents; especially such as are made of butter, leaven, yolks of Eggs and Honey; or if you mix together Turpentine, Unguentum Populeum, or Rose-salve mixed with yolks of Eggs, or the Unguentum Anodynum mixed with the Ointment of Hounds-tongue, and laid on it. It must be often refreshed, because such hot Sores and Ulcers, before they break, do so draw, waste, and, as 'twere, lick up those fatnesses, that sometimes of the plasters, that have lain on them, there remains nothing but the bare rag. The Emplastrum Basilicon, or the common yellow drawing plaster, is here the most useful.  
You must also surround the Anthrax with good defensives; for if it invade the neighbouring part never so little, it will soon make a large halo or circle, which will at length separate from the sound, and fall away like an escarre. For such defensives make use of Album Camphoratum, or the Unguentum de Liquiritia, known by our people under the name of Dr. Mindererus his Licorish-ointment. Item the Unguentum de Lithargyro; or the Unguentum Jovis, prepared of fresh Butter, with Thlaspiminus, or Bowyers' Mustard, (otherwise Narrow-leaved wild Cresses,) Cranesbill, Elder, Poppy, Vervain, and some shaved Liquorish. Some take nothing but Vervain and the fresh leaves of Henbane, beaten together, and the Juice strained, and so used. Of this Ointment you may make much with confidence; for it will do you very good service in Inflammations, especially in the case of the swelling of the groins.  
Amongst the approved Medicines for this purpose, may deservedly be reckoned the plaster made of Soot; which is thus to be prepared: Take of the finest Chimney-soot one ounce and a quarter; of Leaven, Turpentine and fresh Butter, ana one ounce; of Venetian Soap an ounce and a half; two yolks of Eggs; of Treacle and Mithridate, ana a quarter of an ounce: Beat all these together in a mortar; and so reduce it to a paste, and then use it plasterwise.  
When the Anthrax or the Carbuncle is broken, you must then handle it very gently and discreetly; using only the above described Egg-salve, putting it into the opening, and covering the Sore only with the common yellow drawing plaster, or the plaster prepared of Oil, Wax, and Rosin, or Turpentine. Let the matter work out well, and when you are sure that 'tis very clean, and have a mind to consolidate it, make only use of Triapharm●con▪ i● vulgarly called the brown Diachylon; you may besides put into it some of the Unguentum de Tutia, and that of the Diapompholox and one of the plasters of them upon it. The Ulme-plaister also, made of Oil and Ceruse, heals also very well. But be very careful, lest any of the matter remain lurking in the Ulcer. If here and there any should be found yet remaining, as often happens, then make use of the Emplastrum Apostolorum. But if you can prepare the Diapalma, otherwise called Diacalcithros, make use of that. I am wont to call it the Fistula-plaister, because it doth not easily suffer Fistula's to stink, but keeps them clean and sweet. Such a plaster is also that, which is called Isis, to be found in Galen, and performing the same thing. They are both to be found in the Augustan Dispensatory, together with the way of preparing them.  
Now what concerns Old Sores, which many are troubled with, in their Legs especially, because the humours of the body usually settle there; you must above all things be careful to keep them clean, and to that end wash them, at least once a day, with your own urine: Or boil Carduus-benedictus, Egrimony, Plantain, and roots of Tormentil, in half small meath and half wine, and wash the Ulcer with it, as often as you dress it. Among the common plasters for such evils is the brawn Diachylum one of the best. Else you may prepare this Ointment which follows: Take the middle rind of Elder, and St. Johns-wort, boil them in oil, putting a little wine to it, and so let it boil up till the wine be boiled away; then take it off from the fire, and let it cool; this done, stir a little Turpentine amongst it, and a yolk or two of Eggs, according as you make a greater or lesser quantity; mixing with it a little Alum, and Vitriol, (the white is the best) stir all well together, and apply it to the Ulcer, and make a bandage, and cover it as usually. For a good Drawing-plaister, take Rosin, Bee-wax and oil-olive; the quantity of the Rosin must be but the half of the Wax: Let them melt together, and stir amongst it some Tartar exquisitely powdered. Use not much of fatty things to such Ulcers. I have had under my care such Ulcers, that were to be healed with only dry things, as with strewing in of Crocus Martis, and the red Earth of Vitriol, of which hereafter.  
For this reason the ancient Physicians and Surgeons invented a dry Stone, which they kept so secret, that they called it Lapis Philosophorum; which is easily made, as followeth: Take Alum, Hungarian Vitriol, of each one pound; beat them to powder, and mix them well together; then put all into a glazed earthen pot, and pour upon it two quarts of water, boil them together, and stir them continually with a Spatula, taking off the scurn: When 'tis boiled in, put to it an ounce of Bolus Armenus, an ounce and a half of Ceruse, a quarter of an ounce of Camphir, all finely powdered, stirring it well about; lastly put it to a quart of sharp Vinegar, and boil all together to a stony consistence; which reduce to powder, and of it strew a little into the Ulcer, or let some of it dissolve in a convenient liquor, and wash the Ulcer therewith, or dip some linen rags in it, and lay it over the place.  
'Tis also prepared this way: Take green and white Vitriol, of each a drachm; of Lapis calaminaris, Ceruse, Bol Armeniac, of each two ounces and a half; of Sal Armoniac an ounce. Beat them all to powder, put them in an earthen pot, mingle and stir them together in Vinegar, to be a thick pulse; then put your pot upon a hot charcoal-fire, to let it grow red hot, so as that the matter be reduced to a stony consistence; of which dissolve about half an ounce in half a pint of water, dip linen rags into it, and put it twice a day upon the Ulcer. 'Tis also very good for purulent Breasts.  
I was speaking above of Lavements: These you may prepare of all sorts of Wound-herbs, by boiling Confound, Bugle, Fluellin, Ground-ivy, Yarrow, Snake-weed, Avens, Arsmare; you may also, against putrefaction and the settling of purulent matter, mix sometimes a little Myrrh, or Aloes Epatica, Frankincense, Mastic, quick Brimstone, Camphir, Niter, Alum, Vitriol, or the like. Nor is it need to bind yourself to this or that precisely, but you may take such of them as you can get.  
I have a peculiar Ulcer-salve, which I call Unguentum Decameron, being made of ten sorts of Juices. Of these the principal is the Juice of Persicaria, (Arsmart;) to which are added the Juices of Groundsel, Tobacco, Yarrow, sharppointed Dock, Cranesbill, broad and pointed Plantain, Centory, St. Johns-wort, and Celondine. These Juices must be well strained, and then kept for some days in glasses or glazed vessels to settle; and then very gently pour off the clear from the sediment. Which done, boil them with fresh butter, and some good Liquorish newly scraped, as also some Tormentil and Cumfrey, adding a little red Hounds-tongue salve and Oil of Myrrh, and Deer-suet: Let all be boiled together, till the cracking cease, and the Juice be boiled in. Then strain it through a linen cloth, and add to it some Venice-Turpentine, Gum Elemi and a little Bees-wax, both the latter melted each a part. Of the Wax there needs no more than to bring the Salve to a due consistence. Then is this Unguent prepared, to which may be added a little refined Verdigrease, which will make it perfect. It is of great efficacy in foul wounds, for both cleansing and healing; as experience will show.  
A Chirurgeon, in meeting with Ulcers, is to observe well the purulent matter that issues, since he may from thence learn the condition of the evil, whether it proceed from foul blood, gall, corrupt phlegm, or adust melancholy. If the evil grow worse, and the humours of the body force their way copiously thorough, then beware, and withal exhort the Patient to purge, or to sweat with taking some Sassafrass, or the like.  
The Sanies or matter that is thick, white, and well digested, is the best; but when there runs but a sharp water out of the Ulcer, this is not good, and is withal painful. Which to obviate, you must use lethargy, Ceruse▪ and the like; putting also beaten Lead upon the place, and cleansing the fistulat holes with Lead-oyl, qualifying its sharpness with Oil of Eggs. This Lead-oyl is made two ways, the one out of Ceruse, which is green; the other out of lethargy, which is yellow or reddish. Both are prepared with Vinegar.  
Boil Celondine in wine, and with this wine you may also cleanse the Ulcer with good effect. Mix afterwards a drachm of Verdigrease with about four ounces of the Juice of Ground-Ivy; use it with wiecks or rags dipped therein for the foul Ulcer-holes.  
Burn Oyster-shells to powder, and use it for old Ulcers that need cleansing, which this powder will well perform by reason of the Salt that is in those shells. You may sometimes have occasion also of the Mercurius praecipitatus, or the Mercurius dulcis Cosmeticus. If you can prepare this, you have a good Remedy.  
As for hard Knobs and Boils, they commonly owing their rise to the Venereal Disease are not so proper for this place. However you may make a plaster against such Knobs of the phlegm of Althaea or Marsh-mallows, Gummi Ammoniac, Galbanum, Turpentine, Myrrh, Missel-toe of the oak, mixing a little Bee-wax therewith and some Oil of Earthworms. If you will have it stronger, mix with it Gumm Elemi, Tacamahaca or Carana. But this can only be compassed by the rich men; the poor must be content with the Melilot-plaister, mixed with Saffron and the Oil of Mullain or Dill. You may also prepare for such Patients a Salve of Fox-oyl, Dill-oyl, Turpentine, Man-grease, and the like, mixing therewith some Oil of Earthworms and the Oil of Mullain-flowers, Camomile and white Lilies.   

CHAP. IX. Of the Chirurgical means of staunching blood, of Wound-balsoms and plasters, of Wound-drinks, and remedies for Burn.  
THis is the most necessary Chapter of this whole Tract. For, although in every Camp, yea in every Regiment, and even in every Company there ought to be one or more Surgeons; yet because in a battle, or the storming of a strong-hold, there may be wounded a very great number of men, who, by reason of the multitude, cannot all be dressed by the Surgeons, every common Soldier, that is found and un-hurt, is obliged to assist his fellow, considering it may soon be his own case.  
In the first place then, refresh thy fellow, that is wounded, with wine, cold water, vinegar, or the like; then place him in a right posture. For, if the wounds be in the head or about the breast, you ought to lay him high with his head and shoulders, that so the blood may sink down from the places wounded. If his leg be hurt, put it so that it may not hang downwards, and thereby the afflux from the body be prevented, which otherwise might cause a tumour. If the wounds be in the middle of the body, then place him so, that, if possible, he may lie somewhat hollow with his back.  
This done, wash the wound very gently, (so as not to anger it,) with mere wine, or even with pure common water, only with a very little salt cast into it; or with the Patients own urine; and then dry it with lint of long-worn linen, without much stirring in the wound, for fear of making the veins bleed again.  
If any one do bleed so copiously, that it is not easily stopped, and the Patient is in danger, then receive of his blood in an Iron pan, and letting it run about therein, hold it over the fire till it be dry and between your fingers friable to powder; of which strew some into the bleeding wound, and it will stop it. But of this case more hereafter.  
The wound being cleansed, and the bleeding stayed, take fine linnen-raggs, burn them as you are wont to do for tinder, and quench it in Oil of Olives; and put some of it into the wound. If you have no plaster at hand, take a slice of unsalted lard and lay it on. If that be also wanting, dip a pledget of linnen-raggs in warm wine, and being wrung out very dry, lay it upon the wound, and a dry bandage over it, that so the moist pledget may long keep warm. Though in such wounds, as are apt to bleed much, warm bandages are often to be avoided, and sometimes (but with singular care and discretion) cold bandages to be used, if the hurt be not in the brain, breast or bowels. Whence old Hypocrates hath this Aphorism: Frigido verò in iis locis utendum, unde sanguis aut fluit aut fluxunus est. Yet this must be done with great caution, lest in the place affected there should follow a Gangrene.  
After this, take Oil of Olives and Wine, beat them well together, and warm the mixture; dip in it linen pledgets, wring them dry, and lay them on warm with a dry bandage over it. This must be done once every hour or every two hours; nor let this care and labour seem irksome to you, for it will have a good effect.  
This Dress is almost the only thing, which the Knights of Maltha make use of at Sea to heal their wounds; for the Oil allays the pain and the swelling, as the Wine cleanseth, and these two together cause healing. Whence the Samaritan in the Gospel is said to have poured only Oil and Wine into the wounds of him, that was fallen among Thiefs. You may therefore make out of these two 〈◊〉 Wound-salve that may be equivalent to almost every common Wound-balsom, preparing it thus:  
Take one part of oil-olive, and two parts of Wine, boil them together till the Wine be boiled in, and the Oil, when any is thrown into the fire, cracks no more; and you have a Wound-oyl according to wish: Put of it with fine linen shave into the wound, and it will, for a plain remedy, do marvels.  
You may also melt Lard unsalted, mix it with Honey and Rye flower, and so make it into a Salve, which, though plain and simple, may, when put upon the wound; have as good an effect, as many Plasters that are in great esteem.  
Otherwise, for a very good Wound-salve, take of the best Aloes cleanly pulverised the weight of a ducat, mingle and stir it with half an ounce of fine honey; melt afterwards by itself half an ounce of Deer-suet, and stir it among the other Ingredients: Thus you have a good Salve against the putrefaction of wounds, and for the asswaging of their pains, as also for healing them, if you duly apply it to the wound: If you'll add to it a little Cyprus-Turpentin with the yolk of an Egg, you may.  
The black Wheel-grease in a time of need is also a good Wound salve, and is only despised because of its plainness. When you use it, lay only over it the leaves of Snake-weed, or of pointed Plantain.  
But by all means keep the wound clean, and let not many look into it, for fear they should by their breath annoy it; some being fasting, others having eaten one thing, others another. But especially admit not many women, when you open the wound for cleansing and dressing it. But above all things take care, to exclude the Air as much as is possible from the opened wound, especially if any Artery or Nerve be hurt. Take notice, that Carpenters and Joiner's, when they have hurt themselves, do almost by this only means of well closing their wounds and keeping out the Air, heal themselves. They take a very thin chip, and lay upon it some of the glue, wherewith they join together the boards of their work, and this they apply to the wound, first well cleansed, and let it lie on, till it fall off of itself, and the wound is healed. But this will not do in case any Bones be hurt.  
Item, take Honey and the Dust-flower of the Mills, fresh Butter and Bol-armeniack, and knead it well together, without any fire, until it be as thick as a Plaster, and this laid on, is very good.  
Item, take Cumphrey well cleansed, out it small, add to it one or two of the Vulnerary Herbs, such as you may 〈◊〉 ●et with in the field, as Pyrola or Winter-green, Yarrow, Plantain, Fluellin, Orpin, Confound, Sanible, Bugle, etc. Boil this in linseed-oil and a little Wine, until the Wine is boiled away; and this being strained, put to it some raw Honey and one or two well beaten yolks of Eggs, (according to the quantity you make) and a little Turpentin, and so thrust it, with some Hemp or Flax dipped in it, into the wound.  
Limewater is one of the simplest on plainest remedies, but healeth admirably well. Take only some unflaked Lime, pour on it clear water, and let it stand upon it till the Lime be fallen to the bottom: Wash the wound with it, especially such as are old running Sores, and you'll find a wonderful effect.  
These plain means may be raised, in case you want a Chirurgeon, taking the assistance of your Fellow-soldier in the application; though those very remedies may challenge a place among the most chargeablednes, prescribed and applied by Masters. And provided the Chirurgeon do not undervalue these my plain and cheap remedies, but receive them thankfully, I am ready, here to teach him some ways, hitherto concealed by me, which I scruple to keep any longer from public knowledge.  
Know then first, that to a Physician belongs also the knowledge of Chirurgery, as a third part of the Art of Medicine, the other two being the Pharmaceutica, prescribing Medicines for inward Diseases, and the Diatetica, ordering the Patient's Diet and other necessaries. I have myself, whilst I practised Physic, dressed in Camps many wounds with my own hands and cured them, carrying always my Chirurgical apparatus about me, without any disparagement to my Profession; imitating herein the Examples, above alleged, of Podalyrius and Machaon, two of the chief Physicians of the Ancients in the Army before Troy, who were not at all ashamed to practise Chirurgery, and to attend the cure of wounded Soldiers!  
First of all then, consider well, whether the wound be mortal or no. Next, what limb or part it is that hath received the wound: The wounds in the Head are commonly the most dangerous, by reason of the Symptoms incident to them, as the Apoplexy, Falling Sickness or other Convulsions, the Palsy and Laming of the limbs by reason of the hurt nerves, as also Frenzy, Loss of Hearing and Speech, etc. which are wont to be consequent, according as the respective nerves have been struck or wounded. If the Breast be any where wounded, great care also is to be had, and the means must be directed to prevent purulency (which that place, by reason of the heat there, is subject to,) and to heal the pleura or the inner membrane of the ribs; the like is to be done concerning the diaphragme, etc.  
You ought also to observe, what kind of wound it is, you have to do with, whether any bone, any nerve, or artery be hurt; whether it be a mere flesh-wound, and the like. If it be a gaping wound, you must, if it hath taken cold from the Air, bath it with warm wine, and keep it very close; and make use of the strong astringent plaster, prepared of Rosin, Gumm Elemi, Turpentin, Pitch, with some Mastic, Frankincense, Sarcocolla, as also some Bloodstone, Mummy, and Crocus Martis mixed therewith, and keep all on carefully with a good bandage, which is a great matter in all wounds. For, some months since, I had a Patient under my cure, whose Skull in the place of one of its sutures was severed, so as that I found a considerable space between the two parts separated. I ordered a Chirurgeon of my particular acquaintance to draw those parts forcibly together with good bandages; which being well done, I caused his hair to be shorn away, and an astringent plaster to be applied, which was almost like a Rupture-plaister; whereby in three or four weeks, to the admiration of many, my Patient was perfectly healed. This plaster was the Ceratum expelle arietina, mixed with Gumm Elemi, and with a little Ceratum de Betonica.  
You must also be provided with good Blood-staunching remedies. The common ones are, Bol-armeniac, Sheep-trickles, Bloodstone, Tragacanth. Terra Sigillata, Mill-dust, Hares-hair, Peacocks-dung, etc. Avoid by all means Caustics, especially Sublimat, Arsenic, Colcothar; with which you anger a wound, and cast the Patient into very dangerous symptoms: For, though they may by their corrosiveness at first astringe the wound, yet they do afterwards so fret and eat it, that you would think, hellfire were in it. Beware also of a hot Iron, which many have a refuge to as to a Masterpiece and the last remedy.  
Among the chief Astringents, is Frog-spawn; which therefore you are, when 'tis in season, to make good provision of, for the whole year. Take therefore in the Spring a lump of rags, and dip it into Smiths-water, in which first some crude Alum hath been dissolved. Let this lump be dried again, and then draw it through the Spawn of Frogs, so as that the Spawn may every where hang on it, and expose it to the Air to dry; and afterwards draw the same again through Frog-spawn: Which repeat as often as you can, during the season of Frog-spawn; for the oftener you dip the rags into it, the more virtue they will receive. This Spawn stauncheth bleeding, with a good bandage. I have often used with good success the distilled water of Frog-spawn in the bleeding of the Nose, first mixed with crude Alum, and then drawn up into the Nostrils. Take a green Frog, burn him in a pipkin, not to ashes, but so as to be reducible to powder: This powder put into a small Taffaty-bagg, and hang it about the neck of a woman that floods excessively; and she will find great help from it.  
Having often made mention of Alum, which is one of the chief remedies for stopping of blood, I will make public the Magistery of Alum, which I have hitherto kept secret. Take then of the best and clearest Alum as much as you please; pulverise it, and put the powder into an Ox- or Swines-bladder, tying it very close: Then throw it into a kettle of hot water, and the Alum will be dissolved; this Solution bring over the helm out of a low retort, until the Alum get a caput mortuum; then cease to urge the fire any more, lest you force corrosive spirits from it, which are noxious to our present purpose. This caput mortuum put again into a bladder, and dissolve it as before; and do this so long, until the whole body of your Alum be brought over the helm. But you must filter the first solution, for fear of any dust or other heterogeneous matter mixed with it.  
This is the Magistery of Alum, able to draw the veins together without corrosion. Apply this to wounds, or any other bleeding part. You may mix with it Tragacanth, Gummi Arabic, Sanguis Draconis, and well-beaten Whites of Eggs.  
Take good notice, whether the wounded Patient have heated himself in storming a place, or by any other military execution, or whether he be yet distempered by passion; for, as long as this lasts, the blood is in a rage, and can hardly be stopped In this case stop the wound with Peacock's dung; and take Vinegar and Whites of Eggs well beaten together, a little Alum, and refined Saltpetre; put to it as much Frog-spawn, Shepherd's purse, broad Plantain, or other convenient water, as is necessary; so that there may be three parts of water and one part of vinegar; dip pledgets into it, and clap them cold to the wound, and the bleeding will cease.  
Crocus Martis also is an excellent stauncher of blood, to be used both inwardly and outwardly. For inwardly it cureth the Bloody Flux and other Fluxes; and outwardly applied to wounds and strewed into them, it closeth the veins. But it must not be prepared with Aquafortis, or distilled Vinegar, or any corrosive thing, but only by the heat of a reverberating furnace; and afterwards distil often from it some proper water, as of Roses, Speedwell, Self-heal or broad Plantain; after which preparation it is divers times to pass again through a reverberating furnace, until it grow as light as a down-feather: And then 'tis fit for our purpose; for as long as it is strong and heavy, the body of it is not throughly opened.  
Among other things, you may make use of the Red earth of Vitriol; which is to be thus prepared: Take Vitriol, as much as you please, put it, in a new unglased pipkin, into a Potter's oven, to deprive it of its moisture, and to reduce it to a Colcothar: Then pulverise this calcined Vitriol, and in a large glazed earthen dish pour hot water on it, letting it stand so for four or five hours; then decant the water, and pour other hot water upon it, as before, repeating this three, four, or five times, until all the salt be got out of the said Colcothar; which whether it be done, may easily be found by the taste. Then dry this red dulcified Earth, and it will prove a very good blood staunching medicine; which may also in other cases be variously used; as you'll find it hereafter of great use in my plaster for wounds made by thrusting.  
The water you had poured on this Colcothar, you ought not to throw away as useless, but to put it by; and, for other occasions, you may boil it away, and it will leave a Salt behind, as white as snow, with which you may do wonders in foul Sores. I have used it with good success in such cases; in which it cleanseth and maketh a firm ground for new and good flesh to grow, upon. For, though there be many things, that cleanse Sores, yet they leave the flesh lose and sponge; but this is both astringent, and withal maketh such a found and firm bottom, that you may trust to it: Whence also it is to be used in fistulous Sores.  
But to return to the stopping of Blood; take the blood of a Lamb or Sheep, let it stand in a clean earthen vessel, until the serum be severed from it; pour this off, and dry the blood well in a new glazed pipkin, upon hot embers; Then pulverise it, and mix with it a fourth part of clean pulverised Tragacanth, and strew this into the wound. If the issue of the blood be so impetuous, that it washes away the first application, then wipe the wound again, and strew into it of the same powder the second time. Putting amongst it Alum, Crocus Martis, or the red Earth of Vitriol, you will do well: Bind the wound with the Emplastrum Santalinum, (which is called Incognitum by our Surgeons,) or with the Ceratum ex pelle arietinae, due to Arnoldus de Villa nova.  
The blood being stopped, and the wound cleansed, you must then apply good vulnerary Oils or Wound-balsoms. Oils are all, as I mentioned above; fatty; whence it is, that they do not easily consolidate wounds, unless you put to them some refined Mastic, Sarco-colla, Sanguis Draconis, Sandarach, or the like.  
But to open unto you the good affection of my heart, I shall describe here my Wound-balsom, wherewith I have, by God's assistance, done much good; viz.  
Take as much as you please of Turpentin of Cyprus, which comes from Venice, and is taken inwardly; and the same quantity of the red Oil of St. John's wort, dissolve them together! Then take Gumm Elemy, dissolve it apart, and pour it among the other; and so let all cool, and when 'tis half cold, pour amongst it a little Oil of Bees-wax, and your Balsam is prepared. I cannot tell you the precise weight of each ingredient, because as often as I have prepared it, I have done it by the Eye, and as it seemed good unto me; only note, that there must be so much of the Gumm Elemy as to give it a due consistence; which you may try, by casting a drop or two of it into cold water; this Balsam being to be thinner than an Unguent, and yet thicker than Oil.  
This Balsam heals very speedily, especially when used in wounds freshly inflicted, on fine pledgets, and only with a yellow Tractif bound over it.  
Be also provided with good Plaster for wounds made by Thrusting, such as are the Opodeldoch of Theophrastus, or the good black Thrust plaster, thus to be prepared: Take of Oil of Rose seven ounces; of Colophonium, black Pitch, white Wax, Roman Vitriol, Ceruse, Frankincense, Mirth, ana eight ounces, of Mastic, one ounce; of the Oil of Eggs, two ounces; of Spike-oyl, one ounce, of the Oil of Juniper-berries, three ounces; of Mumia, two ounces; off white Vitriol and red Corals, ana two ounces; of Heron-suet, one ounce; of Magnet, two ounces; of well cleansed Earthworms pulverised and of Camphir, ana one ounce: Of all this make a powder secundùm artem.  
My Opodeldoch, that I make use of, is almost like this, but that I mix with it the red Earth of the Oil of Vitriol, above spoken of in the matter of Blood-staunching; and add also to it Turpentin and Gumm Elemi, with some Tutia, Aloes epatica, well prepared Lapis Calaminaris, and Crocus Martis: And thus the Plaster becomes red and hard, like Spanish Sealing-wax. I take also Gummi Ammoniac, Galbanum and Opoponax, the Oil of St. Johns-wort and Myrrh. This Plaster draws from the bottom, and reaches deep. A Soldier, having this about him, and, upon ocsion, working it only to some flatness, there being no need of laying it on a cloth, may thus put it on the wound, taking it off mornings and evenings to wipe it clean; and then working it through again, lay it on as before: And so he may heal himself; which when done, let him clean the Plaster, and role it up in a bladder, for another occasion.  
I have seen considerable operations of Gumm Elemi used alone, laid on leather, and put upon the thrust; but this wound is then to be kept from falling together.  
To prevent incidental heat and inflammation of the wounds, make use of the Oil of Roses, Bol Armeniac, Whites of Eggs and Camphir. But to avoid trouble, you may find ready, in the Apothecary-shops, the Unguentum album, Unguentum de Minlo, Camphoratum de Liguiritia, de Lithargyro, Santalinum, and the like; to be put about the wound when dressed.  
You may with great benefit, and you ought also, especially in the wounds of the Head, provided there be no danger of bleeding, lay over the bandage some fine rags moistened in wine, and well dried again. This allays the pain, and withal prevents swelling.  
And in case the wound be swelled, you may also to good purpose make use of Fomentations, made of the herb and flowers of Mullein, Betony, Egrimony, Cowslips, Camomile, Melilot, Ground-ivy, red Roses, Bugle, and the like: But beware of all hot things, whatever they be. Boil the aforesaid herbs or the like in half wine and water; but if the wound be not inflamed, take two parts of wine and one of water. With such fomentations I have done much good; among others upon a Fencing-Master of Nurenberg, called Cameysen, who in the public Fencing-school received thrusts in both his Eyes, insomuch that by reason of the great swelling that ensued thereupon he lost all his sight; but by the use of such fomentations, God blessing the means, I recovered his sight.  
A Bone being broken, set it carefully, and bind it up strongly, having laid upon it Oxycroceum or Emplastrum de pelle Arietina. You may also comfort such wounds with the like fomentations, as before described.  
On the bank of the Rhine is found a Stone in the gravel, called Lapis sabulosus, which is easily reducible to powder: Of this, if you can get it, give to the Patient, whose bone is broken, a drachm to be taken in broth, mornings; of which he will find a very good effect.  
In the case of a Limb wrenched, clap to it Bran boiled in wine, sometimes, according to occasion, mixing with it a little Salt, and Marsh-mallows or red Hounds-tongue-salve. If it have happened long ago, then make a pulse of Wheaten-flower, Milk, and the Oil of Camomile or Mullein, mixing a little Saffron with it, and clap it on hot. If there be any collection or coagulation of blood, the Unguent of Hounds-tongue will do well, together with a linen compress moistened in warm wine.  
You must also be provided with good Wound-drinks; but they must be prepared diversely, according to the several places wounded. Thus in the wounds of the Head, Betony challenges the pre-eminence and the greatest quantity of all the Vulnerary Herbs; in the wounds of the Sides, Carduus benedictus claims that right; in the wounds of the Breast, Veronica (or Speedwell) ought to have it; in those about the Kidneys, the Herb Strawberry must be preferred; in those near the Liver, Agrimony will have the precedency, and so forth. Mean time, the Vulnerary Herbs, to be used in such occasions, are these; Sanicle, Winter-green, Ladies-mantle, Speedwell, Orpine, Mugwort, Ground-ivy, Strawberry-leaves, Agrimony, St. Johns-wort, Cinquefoil, Bugle, Tormentil, Snakeweed, Avens, Woodrooff, etc.  
You may make an excellent Wound-drink of these four Ingredients, viz. Winter-green, Orpine, Mugwort and Snakeweed, boiled in half wine and water; but in case there be an inflammation, wine is to be forborn, or very little of it to be employed.  
If any Bone be broken into splinters, do not pull them out with any violence, but loosen them with a good Ointment of Eggs, keeping the wound open the longer. Nature herself will not suffer any splinter to remain behind.  
Now you must be ready with some good thing for blood coagulated, in case any person should have been fling down, squeezed, beaten, or fallen from a high place. The right powder for this purpose is thus made: Take of Terra Sigillata or Bol Armeniac, Sanguis Draconis and Mumia, ana half an ounce, of Sperma Ceti and Rhubarbana half a drachm, reduce it to a powder; of which give the Patiented the weight of about a ducat in wine, or chervil-water. Or take a good quantity of Chervil, boil it in meath or flesh-broath, and let the Patient drink a good draught of it warm, three times a day. Or let him drink a thimble full of Sperma Ceti in beer, adding a little butter to it. Or take of Mumia half an ounce, of Sperma Ceti two drachms, of Oculi Cancrorum (of which the blue ones, which sometimes fall from Crafish whilst alive, are the best,) three drachms, adding to it a little Liquorish and Cinnamon, and some Tormentil-roots: Of this pulverised give every day to the Patient, mornings and evenings, the weight of about half a ducat, and by this means you will expel purulent matter and blood, and bony splinters, and sometimes even bullets lurking in the flesh; not omitting other good Wound-drinks, and vulnerary Balsams, Plasters, Ointments and Fomentations. Again, take of the red Hounds-tongue Ointment, of the bigness of a great Walnut, dissolve it in warm broth; it expels all coagulated blood, especially if you mix some Sperma Ceti with it.  
If you have any thorns, thistles, bullets, small shot, or the like, to draw out, where perhaps you cannot reach them with Instruments, then burn live Crafish in a new pipkin, until they be reducible to powder, but burn them not to ashes. This powder mix with Hares-suet, and lay it on, and you will find a good effect. Also take the roots of the big Reed that grows in marshes, dry them to be pulverised, and mix Virgin-honey with it, and lay it upon the part; and of the same powder give the Patient to drink, twice a day, the weight of half a ducat in wine, or in broth, or in a vulnerary potion, if you have any at hand. The first of this I learned of the Excellent Doctor Schleer of Constance.  
The excrement of a Gander, being applied, is also powerful in drawing out Iron. Again, Quince-wine mingled with vinegar, and putting some saffron and gun powder amongst it, if you give it to one that hath been shot, it will do him good. Otherwise, they make a plaster of the roots of Cumfrey, Aron, Polypody, Juniper, and dried Radishes, all reduced to powder, and mix it with Hares-suet and grey Diachylum, making a thick Ointment of it, and spreading it over a piece of Hare-skin, and so laying it on. This is greatly praised, especially when seconded with good Wound-drinks, of which Masterwort is one of the Ingredients: But if you have not this at hand, take a Beet and boil it in wine, and lay it warm on the wound. Likewise, young Swallows, not yet fledge, burnt to powder, and this powder made by acetum of Roses into a pulse, and laid on, does the same.  
You ought also to be provided for the Synovia: And if you proceed aright with my Wound-balsom above described, and keep the wound warm, you may therewith do much good. Mix with it, ex abundanti, the red Earth of Vitriol, above discoursed of. This Synovia is a dangerous thing, and often causeth almost intolerable pain, if it be not well handled; the Herb of Strawberries and its Juice have great virtue in this case. Some make use of the White of Eggs, Bol Armeniac, and the like. The Magistery of Alum also belongs hither; for, Alum mixed with vinegar, and clapped on very warm, allays it also. Elder-blossoms likewise, used every way, are effectual in the same case. Employ also diligently such Defensive-plaisters, as are not fatty, because fat lays no hold on water.  
To proceed to Burn, I know almost no better Salve for burning than this; Take a Tench, or any common Pond-fish; fry one or more of them with good butter, pour the fatness upon cold water in a broad earthen part, and you have an excellent Ointment against Burn. When, some years since, a Powder-mill was blown up, and the Attendants upon the work so miserably burnt, that they looked as if they had been roasted, they were healed with this Ointment, only a little finely powdered Sage being mixed with it.  
Cream and linseed-oil mingled together, and rags, moistened therein, put upon the  part, healeth, though the burning were made with Aquafortis; for, to my knowledge, a certain Chemist that had thus burnt all his arm, was thereby restored. Or, take Oil of Elder, or stolen Oil that hath been long in a burning lamp; beat half as much, as you take of that, of the Whites of Eggs amongst it, and anoint the  part therewith. If you can get no Oil of Elder, take any other cooling Oil, as of Nymphaea (Water-lillies) Poppy-seeds, Violets or Roses, or the Oil of Poplar-buds, or of Mar●h-marigold Flowers.  
If you can have Quince-wine, it marvailously extinguishes the burning of any shot, dipping a linen pledget in it and drawing it through the wound, or left in it, repeating this every twelfth hour. The Juice or Wine of Quinces must be used as it comes from the fruit, without any mixture of Sugar. This I learned from a Nobleman, a great Soldier, of long experience in the Wars of France, the Low Countries, and Hungary.  
The Unguentum Jovis, made of Henbane, Vervain and Butter, is also very useful for this purpose. Likewise the Ointment of Calx viva, which is first six or seven times to be slaked and dulcified with pure water, pouring every twelve or sixteen hours fresh water upon it, and decanting the former, so as to leave always the Calx at the bottom; which is then to be mixed with Oil of Roses, or some other cooling Oil, for an Ointment.  
If you be well acquainted with Elder, and know how to use it, you may obtain out of it one of the best Cures of Burn, especially out of its middle rinds. Again, Yolks of Eggs and linseed-oil, equal quantities, mixed together, and spread over the burning, is also very good. Egg-oyl likewise used by itself, and Vernice employed by Joiner's, do well also; but the latter of these two, if it be mixed with Oil of Spicanard, or Petroleum, is to be mingled amongst linseed-oil.  
Spread fresh Butter upon Cabbage-leaves, having first fried the Butter with some blossoms or the middle rind of Elder; and so lay them to the burning; Elder being a great resister of Inflammations, and therefore very good to allay St. Antony's fire; if you pull its mild green rinds from the stem, and lay them on, without moistening them. Else they use against the said Fire, Flower mixed with the powder of Licorice, to be clapped on with a rag done over with red Saunders. My way is, to take the shave of some fresh and juicy Licorice, and to fry them in new Butter; then to strain the Butter from it, and to fry the like fresh Licorice therein, and to strain the Butter from that again; repeating this five or six times. Among this strained Butter I stir some pure and fine Ceruse, Whites of Eggs and a little Camphire. And with this Ointment I have, by the assistance of God, done much good in the said inflammation of St. Antony's fire; and the common people do to this very day call this Ointment by no other name than that of Doctor Minderer's Licorice-ointment. But to return to the quenching of Burn.  
If you can have Milk-cream, mingle it with Cowdung freshly made, and so clap it on; though fresh Cowdung alone allays burning. Crafish pounded alive, and fried in fresh Butter or in common Suet, the Butter strained herefrom, is also a good Ointment against burn. Unsalted Lard, melted by a Wax-candle, or an hot Iron, and dropped upon fresh cold water, and then gathered up from the water, and carefully rubbed from the same, hath the like operation. Take one of the cooling Oils , and fresh Butter, boil the middle rind of Elder in it, and with a sufficient quantity of Wax make of it a Salve, and this also will cure burning.  
You ought also to be provided with a fit apparatus, Lints, Swathing-clouts, etc. and to take Deer-suet, Oil of Roses or Elder, and white Wax, and melt them over the fire, yet so as that you melt the Wax by itself, and add of it no more to the rest than to make it a thin plaster. Into this compound you must dip some fine lint, and you'll find it very useful for any angry part; as also when one limb presses or otherwise incommodes another, as happens in hydropical and other swollen people, whose belly so sinks down, that the thighs suffer by it; in which case such lints are to be put between the parts, to keep them from immediately touching and pressing one another.  
A Gangrene is cured with Salarmoniac boiled in Urine, especially in that of the Patient, and clapping such Urine upon the part affected: The quantity of the Salarmoniac may be six drachms.  
For frozen Feet, take Gander-suet and Deer-suet; dissolve them together, and pour them into a white excavated Turnip, and expose this for a while to the Air, Rain, Wind, Hoar-frost, Snow, according as the season shall be. Then mince the Turnip, and fry it in the same Suet which you had poured into it; that done, squeeze it out, and let the fat fall upon cold water; and being there brought to consistence, take it off, and bring it over the helm from burned Wine, and decant this carefully from it again, and 'tis duly prepared. You may also recover frozen Feet with white rotten Turnips, beaten with Butter or Tallow, and so clapped on.   

CHAP. X. Of several promiscuous Medical Practices, for the Service of the honest Soldier.  
THis Chapter I have annexed to the former as an Appendix, for the ease and good of Soldiers; wherein some things will occur, not inferior to those, that have preceded. But herein I have kept no order, but set them down promiscuously, yet faithfully, to supply what may have been omitted before.  
If you be troubled with the Toothache, coming from the cold in winter, take the root of Pyrethrum (Pellitory of Spain) and boil it in Vinegar, and hold this Vinegar warm in your mouth, and it will draw out the phlegm that causes the pain. Or, take the root of Elder, boil it in half Wine and half Water, and hold it warm upon the Teeth. But what you take of this Decoction must be often spit out, and other fresh taken into your mouth; of which I have found wonderful Effects.  
The root of Heath boiled together with the same herb in wine, and laid on, is esteemed to be powerful in drawing out thorns and splinters.  
You may make a good Ointment against the Itch and Scabs, of Savin, stolen Fat, Brimstone and Juniper-berries Oil.  
If your Limbs after a long sickness be weak, boil Valerian-roots in Camomil-oyl, and anoint such Limbs therewith. Also the Oil of Lilies in the valley, and that of yellow Violets, is good for the same purpose.  
For worms in the Fingers, bruise Persicaria (Arsmart,) and lay it on; or take of a Pigs Bladder of Gall, and put it on the affected Finger like a Thimble.  
If you have any coagulated or congealed blood in your Breast, make a Decoction of Scabious, Chervil, and Germander, in two parts of wine, and one part of water; strain it, and drink of it mornings and evenings.  
Against the putrefaction of the Mouth, make a Decoction of Privet in water, adding afterwards a little Alum to it, and use it for a gargarism. Also a Decoction of the middle rind of Hawthorn, with a little Alum, is of great effect in the same case.  
Cabbage and Colewort-leaves burnt to ashes, and a Lixivium made of it, and clapped on, cureth a Gangrene, and the wild Fire, especially if you mingle a little Oil of Elder therewith. If you can have no Elder-blossoms for this Oil, take the green middle rind of Elder, and boil it in Oil Olive, and then strain the Oil; which done, take fresh rind of Elder, and proceed with it as before, repeating it three or four times to make the Oil the stronger. You may add a little wine to it whilst 'tis boiling, but that must all boil away, and so long till the Oil cracks no more in the fire.  
Southern-wood stamped with grease and laid on, draweth out splinters.  
If you have the Itch or are scabby, and can light upon some water standing in the hollowness of a Beech-tree, wash yourself with it. Or make a Decoction of the brown rind of Alder, (which is under the grey,) in Butter, and anoint yourself with it; mixing, if you will, a little Brimstone therewith.  
If you be troubled with the Ring-worm, or any running Scab, infuse lethargy in Vinegar, and let it stand a night infused, or make a Decoction of the same in Vinegar. But your pan or vessel must be of brass. This Vinegar mingle with Oil of Elder, or of Roses, or the like, and it will become a fine grey Salve, curing such running Scabs as aforesaid, and cooling also Inflammations.  
If your Body be bound, take Sage pulverised, and mix it with grease, and anoint your Navel with the quantity of a hazelnut of it. This I have with very good success advised to women in childbed, that were thus bound and obstructed. If you will have it stronger, mix with it the Gall of a Fish or of any Animal whatsoever; but than you must not give it to a woman in childbed.  
Gromel (by the Latins called Milium Solis) pulverised, and the weight of half a ducat of it taken in wine or broth, provoketh urine; yet must the belly be opened first. The same doth Linaria or Toad-flax, boiled in wine or broth. Likewise distilled water of Radishes, repeating the distillation several times from other fresh Radishes. Which will have the better effect, if the Patient bathe his lower parts in a bath made of Marsh-mallows, Melilot, and the like.  
Gromel, abovementioned, taken in warm broth, expels the birth: And so do the blossoms or buds of Walnut-trees; Crabs-eyes also, pulverised and taken in warm broth; likewise Issop boiled in wine, and drank warm. This I have inserted for the sake of poor Souldiers-wives, who amongst us often follow the Camp. If they have any great After-pains, let them bathe their lower parts in a Bath made of Dill, and Camomil-flowers. And the yolks of hard Eggs, beaten together with some convenient Oil (nut-oil is the best,) and a Plaster made of it, and laid to the belly, is also very good. If they have too great a profusion of blood, let them take a drachm of  Hartshorn, and burnt Ivory, in a convenient Vehicle.  
In case of a mortal wound, take of pure Turpentine four ounces, wash it with fresh limpid water, and then dissolve it over a mild fire; which done, mix with it two ounces or two ounces and an half of white Wax, dissolved apart: To this add about three ounces of Woman's-milk, which is sucked by a Boy. The Turpentine and Wax being somewhat cooled together, must be well stirred, and then poured on cold Vinegar; whence, when 'tis brought to a consistence, it is to be taken off, and made into a Plaster, and so laid on.  
Horse-tail (in Latin, Equisetum) heals the wounds in the urinary parts, the powder of it being taken in broth or Speedwel-water, or the Decoction thereof being drank.  
Gummi Ammoniac is a good discutient of hard Tumours and Knobs: Tacamahaca appeaseth pain proceeding from cold, being laid on the part affected.  
To make the pellets used to be put in wounds that are to be kept open, (which here in Germany we call Quell-maissel,) take a Sponge of the finest sort, put it in Whites of Eggs well beaten and mixed with Rose-water, to make the said Sponge imbibe this moisture. Which done, bind it close together with thread, and let it well dry in the Air, and so convey of it into the wound that is to be kept open: where it will swell again, and so distend the wound.  
If you be troubled with the Gonorrhoea, take House-leek growing on old walls (called by the Latins, Semper vivum minus,) put it into your shoes, and go barefoot upon it; anoint your loins and privy parts with Henbane-oyl; and take mornings the quantity of two big hasel-nuts of well washed Turpentine, for some days together, avoiding all aromatic, hard, and salt meat.  
An old Experimenter hath noted, That whosoever shall wash his head twice a week with a Lixivium made of Juniper-ashes, his sight shall never fail him, but remain good to his end; nor shall that person be troubled with any vermin upon his head, nor with any headache, nor suffer any change of his hair. For my part, I never tried it; but it being a very plain and safe thing, I thought good here to insert it.  
Against the biting of a Mad-dog, lay Assa fatida with Garlic upon the bite; it will draw out the venom.  
To free yourself from the Gravel, make a Decoction of Ash-wood in wine, and drink of it warm once or twice a day upon an empty stomach; using withal good baths. Vervin also, the leaves and roots, beaten together, and drank, is very good in this case.  
If you have a strong breath, proceeding from a foul stomach, infuse Wormwood and Carduus benedictus, together with some Citron-peels, in wine, and let them boil a little therein, and then drink a good draught of it mornings. Chew also and swallow sometimes a little Myrrh, and take now and then three or four Aloes-pills.  
I could add many other things, if my leisure would permit: These which I have set down, you will take in good part; and though I have not tried them all myself, yet you may rest assured, that such as have not been experimented by myself, have been tried by my honoured Colleagues and other honest persons, and approved.   
FINIS.   

INDEX.  

A.  
AIr, what to be observed of it in the Campy 9 Preservatives against the corruption of the Air, 21, etc.  
Animals, their blood of what efficacy, 45.  
Antony's fire, how to be allayed, 140, 141.   

B.  
Belie, the cure of the Aches and Tumours and Gripe thereof, 65, 66.  
Beer, new beer causes the Strangury, 12.  
Blood, how to cure casting up of blood, 54. 

And the bleeding of the Nose, ibid.  
Blood coagulated, how to be helped, 133, 145.    
Boils pestilential and their cure, 92, & seq.  
Brick well burned good against a Tenasmus, 87.  
Brimstone a good Medicine in infectious cases, 41.  
Bread, wheaten-bred coming hot out of the oven and dipped in red wine very good against Fluxes, 75. The same duly prepared good in pestilential Sores, 94.  
Bones broken, how to be ordered, 131.  
Bran good for wrenching of Limbs, 131.  
Burning, how to be healed, 137.   

C.  
CArbuncles pestilential, and their cure, 92.  
Carlina good against faintness, 6.  
Surgeons of an Army, and their qualities, 14.  
Cold Nights how to provide against, 8.  
Corns of the Feet how to be cured, 4.  
Cough, and its cure, 54.  
Crafish burned alive good against the Bloodyflux, 80.  
Crafish, after a certain way prepared, of great use for drawing out of the body thorns, smallshot, etc. 135. The same fried in fresh butter allays burning, 141.  
Crocus Martis a high Remedy against the Bloodyflux, 81.  
Clysters, and their use in the field, 83.  
Cheerfulness good in pestilential times, 31.   

D.  
DAisie and its excellency, 13.  
Diseases in an Army, and their cure, 18, etc.  
Diet to be well observed in the Camp, 20.  
Drinks how to provide in the field, 7. The excess of it to be avoided, 12. The danger of drinking whilst one is hot, and the care to be taken in that case, 12, 13. Drinks in cold weather, 25.  
Drawing out of thorns, splinters, etc. how to be effected, 135. 145.  
Dropsy, and its cure, 72.  
Drought, how to be remedied, 85.   

E.  
EGg-oyl good for Burn, 140.  
Elder-flowers good in the plague, 24. 48.  
Elder-vineger good to apply to the Heart in the plague, 48.  
Elder-roots, the Juice of them purgeth hydropical persons exceedingly, 73. But to be used with great caution, ibid. Boiled Elder-buds have the like virtue, ibid.  
Emollients in pestilential Boils, 93.  
Excrement of a Gander is powerful in drawing Iron out of the body, 135.   

F.  
FAintness how to prevent, 6, 7.  
Feet sweaty how to remedy, 5. Feet frozen how to recover, 143.  
Fevers of all sorts how to he managed and cured in an Army, 18. 65.  
Fluxes, their several sorts and cures, 74. Of the Bloodyflux in particular, and its cure, 77.  
Frankincense dries and clears the Air, 23.  
Fundament, the cure of its falling down, 88   

G.  
GAngrene how to cure, 142. 146.  
Galling how to cure, 5.  
Garlic useful in Fluxes by way of decoction, 88  
Goat, good for men to rub at them when the Air is corrupted, 21.  
Groin swollen how to cure, 74.  
Guts, the Griping of them how to be cured, 69— 72.  
Granat-wine cures the Bloodyflux, 82.  
Gunpowder purifies the Air, 23.  
Gum Elemi of considerable use in wounds, 129.  
Gonorrhoea how to be ordered, 150.  
Gravel how to be removed, 151.   

H.  
Haws cure Fluxes, 76.  
Hartshorn good against Fluxes, 75.  
Hearing how to be recovered. 53.  
Heart, the cure of its Inflammation, 61.  
Haemorrhoid-vein, the use of its bleeding, 90.  
Horses how to be made vigorous, 7. Ointment for Horses, 8.  
Hunger and Thirst to be prevented by certain herbs, 6.   

I.  
Jaundice, the cause and cure of it, 68  
Imperatoria good against faintness, 6.  
Infection, its preservatives and cures, both for the Poor and Rich, 20— 36. The Hungarian Infection and its cure, 37, & seq.  
Inflammation, its several sorts and cures, 55— 65.  
Juniper-wood burnt, good in times of the plague, 23.  
Itch how to be cured, 145, 146.   

L.  
LArd, when fresh very good against the Inflammation of the Mouth, 62.  
Lard good against Burn, 141.  
Led a considerable cooler, 61.  
Legs, the cure of their swelling, 74.  
Liver, the cure of the Obstructions thereof, 68  
Lilies, the Juice of the Roots of blue Lilies have great virtue of purging hydropical persons, but to be used with great discretion, 73.  
Lapis sabulosus good to heal broken Bones, 131.  
Luxations how to be ordered, 131.   

M.  
MArisca's, and the cure of them, 89.  
Mastic, dries and clears the Air, 23.  
Mesaraic-veins, and the effects of their being obstructed, 68  
Milk duly prepared good against the Bloodyflux, 77.  
Moss of wild Rose-shrubs an approved Remedy in Bloody-fluxes, 78.  
Mouth, how to remedy the falling down of the Palate of the Mouth, 53.   

N.  
NIter excellent to allay Inflammations, 60. The way how to prepare it for that use, 61.  
Nose, how to remedy the bleeding of it, 54.   

O.  
OBstructions of the Liver, and the cure, 68  
Oil of Scorpions very good to anoint the Heart with in the Plague, 48. A good Succedancum to it described, 48.  
Oil of Vitriol good in Fevers, 51.  
Oaken-leaves do cure common Fluxes, 76.   

P.  
PEstilential Diseases and cure, 24, & seq. 92, & seq.  
Physicians of an Army and their qualities, 14.  
Pear-trees, the rinds of them cure common Fluxes, 76.  
Preservatives fit for Soldiers, 3, 26, etc.  
Purgatives fit Soldiers, 3, 4.  
Putrefaction the cause of grievous Diseases, 38. 65. Putrefaction of the Mouth how to be cured, 145.   

Q.  
QUince-wine good against the Bloodyflux, 82. The same extinguishes marvellously the burning of any shot, 138.   

R.  
RIng worm, how to be cured, 146.  
Rust of Arms how to prevent, 6.  
Rye-biscuit duly prepared good against the Bloodyflux, 80.   

S.  
SCarification and its use, 93.  
Soldier's Morals, 1.  
Soldier's care of his body, 2.  
Soldier's Diseases in the Field; through the whole Book.  
Sores pestilential and their cure, 92, & seq.  
Spotted Fevers and their cures, 18, & seq.  
Squinancy and its cure, 54.  
Strangury and its cure, 12.  
Surfeits and their cures, 19  
Swell of the Throat and Almonds, how to be cured, 53. 64. Swelling of the Legs how to cure, 74.  
Sweat and the ways of procuring it, 33, & seq. See also 44, & seq.  
Swallows, burnt to powder, good to those that have been shot, 136.  
Synovia, how to be ordered, 137.   

T.  
TEnasmus and its cure, 86.  
Tench fried good for Burn, 137.  
Thirst, how to quench in case of want of drink, 6. Thirst how to quench in Fluxes, 85.  
Throat swollen how to cure, 53  
Toothache, its cure, 144.  
Tongue, the cure of the Inflammations of it, 55.  
Turnips, after a certain way prepared, or rotten, cure frozen feet, 143.   

V  
VErmin how to remove, 4.  
Vein, the use of the bleeding of the Haemorrhoid-vein, 90.  
Vesicatories and their use, 93.  
Ulcers and their cure, 92.  
Vinegar good to wash the Temples with, in times of the Plague, 24.  
Venae-section not easily to be admitted in pestilential Diseases, 32, 51.  
Vulnerary Herbs for several sorts of Wounds, 132.   

W.  
Water, its differences and choice, 10.  
Wheel-grease a good Ointment for Horses, 8.  
Wind in the Guts requires keeping the Body soluble, 69.  
Worms; Earthworms good against the Dropsy, together with the way of preparing them, 74.  
Wounds, their Inflammation how to be prevented, 129. Their swelling how to be helped, 130.  
Wound-drinks of several sorts, 132.  
Wounds mortal how to order, 149.  
Worms in fingers, how be oured, 145.  
Wounds how to be cured, see chap. 10.