ΜΥΣΚΟΤΟΜΙΑ: OR, THE ANATOMICAL Administration Of all the MUSCLES Of an human BODY, As they arise in Dissection. As also an Analitical TABLE, reducing each Muscle to his Use and Part. Collected for Private use, By WILLIAM MOLINS Mr. in chirurgery: And Published for the general good of all Practitioners in the said Art. London, Printed by John Field for Edward Husband, Printer to the honourable House of Commons, and are to be sold at his Shop at the golden Dragon in Fleetstreet near the Middle Temple. 1648. To all his Brethren in chirurgery, AND All others who affect Anatomical Dissection. Gentlemen, THis which I present you with at present, is not to inform you, but to invite you to second me, and in that to better me upon this deserving Theme Had I either Talents or Time to have wrought this up to a Book, which is but now an A.B.C. I had not wanted worthy men to have been bold with to have stood for my Witnesses; more especially that Gentleman who hath really enabled the Masters of Anatomy in particular( as well as the Company in general) to go through not onely the Charge( a great Encouragement now a days) but the Dissection itself, by providing an able Physician, whose Science might give life to our Art, and whose Tongue might direct our Hand, that so the Learner might at once both know what was Dissected, and see how it was done: And truly, had our Company many of the same temper, we might soon be Lenders, that have been so long Borrowers, and be Judges ourselves of Truth and Error in this Mystery. Next to him, the two old Masters equally deserve, as having first entred this Labyrinth, and managed their Clew of Directions for the extricating themselves there, where so many have been lost; But I must not be bold to have such great Gossips to so mean a Brat, — Mihi curta Supellex. If any of those many among you, who( as Erasmus saith of our Englishmen) are Ingeniosi, utinam & laboriosi, will mend me by doing more, I shall commend myself for doing this little to provoke you to so good a work: When any of your Suns shall arise, my little Star shall pull in his head; till then, if it give any light at all, I have my aim. farewell. The Names of the Muscles as they rise in Dissection. OBliquus Descendens. Obliquus Ascendens. Rectus. Piramidalis. Transversalis. Frontalis. Aperiens palpebram Rectus. Claudens occulum Superior. Claudens occulum Inferior. Recti quatuor occuli. Obliquus primus occuli. Obliquus secundus occuli. Attollens Aurem. Detrahens Aurem. Adducens Aurem. Abducens Aurem. Internus externus Auris. Internus internissimus Auris. Abducens Nasi Alas. Attollens Nasi Alas. Claudens Nasum externus. Claudens Nasum internus. Communis Claudens Alas. Zygomaticus Riolani. Abducens labia. Deprimens labii inferius. Constringens labios. Platasma Muodes. Buccinator. Massetor. Temporalis. Mastoideus. Biventer sieve digastricus. Caracohyoideus. Sternohyoideus. Sternothyroideus. Hyothyroideus. Styloceratohyoideus. Mylohyoideus. Geniohyoideus. Myloglossus. Ceratoglossus. Genioglossus. Hypsioglossus. Styloglossus. Lingualis. Cricothyroideus Anticus. Oesophagiaeus. Stylopharyngaeus. Cephalopharyngaeus. Cricoarytenoideus posticus. Cricoarytenoideus lateralis. Arytenoideus. Thyroarytenoideus. Sphaenopharyngaeus primus. Sphaenopharyngaeus secundus. Pterigoeideus externus. Pterigoeideus internus. Longus. Scalenus sieve Triangularis. Pectoralis. Subclavius. Serratus mayor Anticus. Serratus Minor Anticus. Intercostales externi. Intercostales interni. Cremasteres. Erector penis. Accelarator penis. Levatores any. Sphincter any. Sphincter Vesicae. Detrusor Urinae. Diaphragma. Here let the Body be turned upon its face. CUccularis. Latissimus. Rhomboides. Levator Patientiae. Rotundus. Superscapularis superior. Superscapularis inferior. Nonus Humeri Placentini. Subscapularis. If you please to take off the whole Arm with the Scapula now, the Dissection of these following Muscles will be the easier performed. DEltois. Biceps. Octavus Humeri Placentini. Brachieus. Gemellus mayor. Gemellus Minor. Palmaris. Caro Musculosa quadrata. Flexor Carpi interior. Flexor Carpi exterior. Flexor secundi internodii perforatus. Flexor tertii internodii perforans. Flexor tertii internodii pollicis. Pronator Radii tears. Pronator Quadratus. Flexores primi internodii digitorum. Flexor primi internodii pollicis primus. Flexor ejusdem secundus. Flexor secundi internodii pollicis primus secundus. tertius. quartus. Abductor minimi digitorum. Pollicis Abductor. Pollicis Adductor. Interossei interiores. Extensor Carpi exterior. Extensor Carpi interior. Extensor 2di & 3ii internodii digitorum Extensor minimi digitorum. Supinator Radii Longus. Extensor Pollicis ossis tertii. Extensor secundi & tertii Pollicis. Abducens indicem. Supinator Radii Brevis. Extensores primi internodii. Here you return to the Body itself as it lies. SErratus posticus superior. Serratus posticus inferior. Splenius sieve Triangularis. Trigeminus. Transversalis. Spinatus. Recti Majores. Recti Minores. Obliqui superiores. Obliqui inferiores. Dorsi Longissimus. Sacrolumbus. Sacer. Semispinatus. Quadratus. Psoas. Now if you please to take off the Thigh from the Trunk of the Body, by dividing the as Ileon from the as Sacrum, the Dissection of the subsequent Muscles will be the better performed. Illiacus internus. Gluteus mayor. Gluteus Medius. Gluteus Minor. Piriformis. Obturator internus. Quadrageminus. Obturator externus. Membranosus. Sartorius. Gracilis. Rectus. Vastus externus. Vastus internus. Biceps. Semimembranosus. Seminervosus. Triceps. Lividus. Gasterocnemius externus. Plantaris. Gasterocnemius internus. Suppopliteus. Flexor tertii internodii perforans. Tibiaeus Posticus. Flexor Pollicis. Flexor secundi internodii perforatus. Flexor primi internodii digitorum. Abducens Pollicem. Abducens minimum Digitorum. Transversalis Placentini. Tibiaeus Anticus. Peroneus primus. Peroneus secundus. Extensor Pollicis. Extensor secundi internodii digitorum. Interossei. AN INTRODUCTION. A Muscle is an Organical part of our Body, appointed to a voluntary contraction towards its Original, for the motion of the part into which it is inserted, and of which part it is called the Muscle. His action is properly Contraction. His Motions four: 1. Contraction. 2. The Conservation of that or Tonick motion. 3. Relaxation. 4. The Perseverance of that Relaxation. Each of these Motions have their extreme and middle Figure. His Composition is of two parts, Dissimiler and Similer. 1. The first consisting of the beginning, end, and middle of the Muscle. 2. The second in( these seven) Veins, Arteries, Nerves, Membrains and Fat, which are called Common, and Flesh, and Tendon proper. Musculus Flesh is the most peculiar and perfectest kind of flesh, made out of coacted Blood by heat, adhering to the Fibers by one onely and simplo order, according to its Longitude; its use being to stuff out the divided Tendons. A Tendon is a similary part, simplo and of its own kind, diffused through the whole Body of the Muscle, according to its Longitude, and is sometimes united, then again divided, stuffed with flesh; and seeing it is most adapted to Contraction, being at our pleasure contracted, it moves at the same time the part into which it is inserted. From hence it is concluded, That a Muscle is the true Organ of voluntary Motion, as having these four parts to make it up: 1. First, The Tendon, now united, then divided, which by and with himself contracts not onely the whole Muscle, but the part into which it is inserted, and from which primarily the action is. 2. Secondly, The Nerve, without which the action cannot be done. 3. Thirdly, The Flesh helping Contraction. And 4. Fourthly, For its conservation, the Veins nourish, the Arteries bring life, the Membrains defend and cover, and the Fat does not onely moisten, but adapts the part for motion. In which motion the Muscle acts, the Nerve brings the faculty, and the Brain transmits it. The several differences of Muscles are these: 1. First, From the whole body of the Muscle, and to this relate the differences that arise either from Substance, Figure, Magnitude, Number or Site. 2. Secondly, From the dissimiler parts, and to these relate those that are distinguished either by their Head, Belly or Tail. 3. Thirdly, From his similer parts, and those that arise from hence are either from the Tendon, Veins, Nerves, Arteries or Membrains, Flesh not affording any difference. THE MUSCLES themselves as they arise. Obliquus Descendens ARiseth fleshy from the lower parts of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth Ribs, indenting himself with Seratus mayor Anticus; as also membranous from the Transverse proceses of the Vertebres of the loins, and part of the as Ileon, and so runs by a broad nervous Tendon to the Linea alba and as pubis, tis difficult to remove the Tendon of this Muscle from the subjacent Tendon as soon as you come to the Rectus without laceration: To dissect this Muscle exactly, you divide the Latissimus from him very low, that so you may come at his Lumbal origination the better. Obliquus Ascendens ARiseth fleshy from the Appendix of the as Ileon, and membranous from the proceses of the same Vertebres as the former, and so ascending fleshy, inserts himself into the 11 and 12 Ribs; then extending himself into a large double Tendon( in which the Rectus is conveyed) proceeds to the Linea alba, and Semi lunari Membrain, and is implanted into the 8, 9 and 10 Ribs. Observe, that this Muscle is best raised, by finding the Nerve that runs between this and the Transverse at his origination from as Ileon. Rectus ARiseth from the as pubis, and running according to the longitude of the body, is inserted into the sides of the Sternon where the last true Ribs have their Cartilages; The intersections are various, now 3, then 4, and sometimes 3 and a half, sometimes all above, sometimes some below, as also the Anastomasis of the Mammilary vessels external, and Epigastrick internal, always found in women, rarely in men; as also the multitude of Nerves sent to the Perigraphs is very observable: if you find four Perigraphs, the Piramidals are wanting. Piramidalis sieve Falopii ARiseth from the external part of the as pubis, broad and fleshy, and running something below the Rectus, is inserted by a long and round Tendon, into the Lineae alba. These are sometimes wanting in such persons as have the origination of the ascendent not from the Ileon, but from the strong ligament which runs from the spin up to the as pubis internal, and have four Perigraphs in the Rectus. Transversalis ARiseth with a nervous Membrain from the same ligament as the former; as also with a fleshy origination from the internal part of the bastard Ribs, and terminates in a broad Tendon at the semilunary Membrains, the Linea alba, and so down to the as pubis, he adheres firmly to the subjacent Peritoneum in a maner all along, onely near the Pubis he divides himself. It is to be observed, That all the Muscles( except the Rectus and Piramidal) in their Tendons, have a double perforation, one for the umbelical vessels, the other for the seminary vessels in a man, and in a woman for the insertion of the rotund ligament of the Matrix into as pubis. Frontalis ARiseth from the most elated part of the forehead, where the hair ends near the Temporal Muscle, and where the carnous Membrain adheres most firmly to the Cranium, and running downright, is inserted into the skin that covers the Eyes, and into the Eyebrows. In raising this from the Cranium, you shall find Nerves that are sent through the Cranium to him. Aperiens palpebram Rectus ARiseth from the upper orbite of the Eye internal, near the Elevator of the Eye, where the optic Nerve hath his transmission, and holds the same course, and is of the same figure and substance, till he enlargeth himself into a broad Tendon, and is inserted into the cartilege of the upper Eye-lid, according to his dimension; not to be shown, but with the other Muscles of the Eye, after he is taken out of the Cranium. Claudens sieve Semicircularis superior Deprimens ARiseth with a sharp beginning from the internal angle of the Eye, and from part of the Eyebrow near the Nose, and so falls something transverse toward the external angle of the Eye, becoming fleshy, and so broad, that he possesseth the whole space between the Eyebrow and the Cartalage, out of which the hairs of the Eyebrow grow, and is inserted into the external angle of the Eye. Inferior sieve Attollens Semicircularis ARiseth, being membranous and thin, from the top of the Nose near the angle of the lower Eye-lid, with a sharp point, and carried piteously about the middle of the lid, becomes fleshy, and is inserted into the same angle as the other. The question stands undecided among Authors, Whether these two Muscles be not properly one, and that orbicularis, and for the most part is so received; though the one doth depress, and the other at●oll at the same time, to make a perfect close over the Eye. Rectus occuli primus sieve Elevator ARiseth from the upper part of the Orbite of the Eye, near where the optic Nerve comes forth, and is inserted into the Coat called Cornea of the Eye, where it is clear, and near the Iris, by a thin and membranous Tendon. Rectus secundus sieve Depressor ARiseth in the inferior and opposite part, of the same Cavity, and hath his insertion as the former. Rectus tertius sieve Adducens ARiseth from the Orbite of the Eye, near the origination of the Levator, and is inserted as the former. Rectus quartus sieve Abducens ARiseth from the external angle of the Eye, and is inserted as the former. Obliquus primus occuli ARiseth from a Chinck which is in the lower part of the Orbite of the Eye, in his origination fleshy, small, and not altogether round, and is carried obliquely in his whole course, and ascending by degrees to the upper part of the Eye, is there inserted by a short, and sometimes round, but nervous Tendon, between the Tendons of the Attollent and Abducent Muscle, where the Tendon of the other obliqne Muscle hath also his insertion, and they seem to be both one. Obliquus secundus sieve Trocheus ARiseth from the same place with the Abducent, and goes in a right line to the external part of the internal angle, where it grows indifferently thick, and is then attenuated, and grows round, and goes through a Pully there planted, which so soon as it hath passed, it bends, yet so, as that it makes the right angle of the Eye, and running upward, begins to grow obliqne, and going over the Levator, is inserted between the Abducent and obliqne, as is before described. Attollens Aurem ARiseth from the external termination of the Frontal Muscle, and so being thin and membranous, is carried over the Temporal, and is inserted( growing narrower) into the upper part of the Ear; This Muscle must be raised afore Frontalis be thrown down, and not onely this, but all the other external were dissected in this Body. Detrahens Aurem ARiseth fleshy, broad( and firbrous sometimes) from the backward part of the Head, near the Mammillary process, and so growing narrower in his progress, is inserted into the whole Grille that encompasseth the Ear. Be careful in raising the Cutis, lest you take up this Muscle, and so lose him. Adducens Aurem ad Anteriora IS a Particle of that Muscle called Platasma Muodes, from whose insertion you shall find a fleshy and fibrous Elongation implanted into the root of the Ear. Abducens ad Posteriora Aurem ARiseth above the Mammillary process from a knot of Muscles in the Occiput, with a narrow beginning, and being carried piteously downward, is inserted into the hinder part of the Ear. Internus externus Auri ARiseth small from the internal membranous skin of the Meatus auditorius, and becoming fleshy, is inserted externally by a short Tendon into the Timpanum. Internus intermissimus Auri BEing within the as Petrosum hath his origination from the Basis of as Cunei formis, and so becoming fleshy, though thin and small, and having made half his progress, divides himself into two very small and tender Tendons, the one of which is implanted into the upper process, the other into the neck of as Mallei. Abducens Nasi alum ARiseth small and fleshy from as Maxillae superioris, near the first Par Proprium Labiorum, and is inserted into the lower and upper part of the Alae. Attollens Nasi alum ARiseth from the top of the bone of the Nose, with a sharp and fleshy beginning, and so descending according to the length of that bone, is inserted broad and fleshy into the alum Nasi. Claudens Nasum externus ARiseth externally and fleshy at the root of the Alae, and so climbing piteously, is inserted into the tip of the Nose. Claudens Nasum internus ARiseth under the Membrain that covereth the Nose internally from the bone, at its Unition with the cartilege, and running downward, is implanted into the alum Nasi: These are confessed on all hands to be rarely found but in Nasute persons, and whether not more by fancy then otherwise, doubtful. Communis Claudens Alas IS no other then Orbicularis Labium sieve Constringens, when by his Contraction proper, these are contracted by accident. Zygomaticus Riolani ARiseth from the as Zygoma, with a fleshy and broad beginning, and running obliquely downward and forward, is inserted into the side of the upper Lip, near Primus Nasi. Abducens Labios ARiseth from the as Zygoma fleshy and round, with much fat, and is implanted into the Lips, where they are joined both together. Labii inferius Deprimens ARiseth fleshy from the lowest and foremost part of the inferior Maxillae, whence running obliquely, it is broadly inserted into the middle of the Lip. Par Labium Constringens IS of a fungeus substance, with Orbicular fibers arising from the middle of the bones of the superior and inferior Maxilla, and makes the whole body of those that we call Lips, which appear read to us. Platasma Muodes ARiseth from the Vertebres of the Neck, Scapula, Clavicula, and Sternon, large, broad and thin, with store of membranous fibers, and so running up with obliqne fibers, is inserted into the Chin, where both the superior and inferior Lips are joined, and enlargeth himself so far as to make Adducens Auri ad Anteriora: Great care must be had to preserve this Muscle, for whether you raise the Cutis from above or from below, he adheres very close to it. In the raising this Muscle, be careful to leave his Elongation that makes Adducens Aurem ad Anteriora, which you will rarely miss. Buccinator ARiseth from the upper part of the upper Mandible, and from the lower part of the lower Mandible, where the Gums begin, and runs circular; the proper Coat of the Mouth adheres so firmly to him internally, that he is scarce separable, and externally he hath a large round Tendon implanted into the midst of him, which hath his origination from a glaudulous substance growing to the as Zygoma, close by the origination of the Muscle so called: This not taken notice of by any Author, but found by the Masters of Anatomy in a Body at the theatre in August, 1648. Massetor sieve Lateralis ARiseth large, strong and nervous, first from that Suture where the 4 and 1 bone of the Maxilla superior join; Secondly, fleshy from the as Jugale, and is inserted firmly and largely into the whole lower Mandible external. If you throw this Muscle either from his origination or insertion, Temporalis will appear in his insertion. Temporalis ARiseth from the as Frontis, Syncipitis, and Sphaenoides, fleshy and semicircular, and in his descension growing narrower, runneth under the as Jugale, with a short, but extraordinary strong and fleshy Tendon, into the process of the lower Mandible called Koronum. If you please to raise the Muscle carefully, you shall find, That( contrary to the Opinion of some) the Periostion is under this Muscle. Mastoideus ARiseth with a double origination, one from the Sternon, nervous, and the other fleshy from the more elated part of the Clavicle, and is inserted obliquely into the Process Mammillar by a round and fleshy Tendon. Biventer sieve Digastricus ARiseth with a broad and nervous beginning from the process Styloidis, and presently becomes round, fleshy and small, and so soon as he comes to recurvate under or through the Stylohyoideus, he becomes a nervous round Tendon, and then becomes fleshy again, and is inserted into the middle interior part of the nether Mandible. Caracohyoideus ARiseth near the neck of as Scapula, from its process Caracoides fleshy, and running under the Levator Patientiae, is carried obliquely under the Mastoideus, and there becomes a small round Tendon, and then fleshy again, and so is implanted into the horns of the as Hyoidis. If you leave this Muscle in his origination, at the dissection of the Levator you will find his origination perfect. Sternohyoideus ARiseth broad and fleshy from the internal part of the Sternon, and running on( the same in substance and breadth) all along the Aspera Arteria, is inserted into the Basis of the as Hyoidis. Sternothyroideus ARiseth fleshy and broad from the upper, but inner part of the Sternon, and keeping his dimensions, runs up with strait Fibers along by the Aspera Arteria, and is inserted into the lower side of the Cartilago Thyroidis. Hyothyroideus ARiseth from the whole side of as Hyoidis at his Basis, and running down broad with right Fibers, is inserted into the lowest and lateral part of the Cartilago Thyroidis. If you take off this Muscle clear from his origination and insertion, you will be the less troubled to find those of the Larinx. Styloceratohyoideus ARiseth from the root of the Process Styloidis, and being small and round, is implanted into the horn of the as Hyoidis, found infallibly by Digastricus his running through or under him. Mylohyoideus Riolani ARiseth laterally from the nether Mandible internal, under the Dentes Molares fleshy, and is inserted into the Basis of the as Hyoidis externally; He is to be thrown upward in Dissection. Geniohyoideus ARiseth internally from that middle part of the lower Mandible, called the Chin, and running down short and fleshy, is inserted in a proper Cavity, at the Basis of the as Hyoidis internally. Myloglossus ARiseth from the innermost lateral part of the lower Mandible, just under Dentes Molares, in the beginning broad, and is inserted into the ligament that ties the Basis of the Tongue to the Fauces. At the origination of Mylohyoideus, you will certainly find this, and he is best shown when the Mandible is divided. Ceratoglossus ARiseth from the upper horn of the as Hyoidis; but if he be wanting, then from the lower horn, and so is implanted laterally into the Tongue near its root. Genioglossus ARiseth with a narrow beginning, about the middle of the lower Mandible, and then enlarging himself, is inserted into the root of the Tongue. Hypsioglossus ARiseth fleshy from the middle and upper part of the as Hyoidis, and is inserted into the middle of the Tongue, according to its Longitude. Styloglossus ARiseth fleshy and small from the Process Styloidis with a sharp beginning, and growing more broad and fleshy, is inserted into the lateral part of the Tongue, is best found by discovering with your fingers Styloides, and then your eye will led you to this Muscle at the lateral part of the Tongue. Lingualis ARiseth fleshy and large from the Basis of the as Hyoidis, and so runs according to its Longitude forward to the tip of the Tongue, and is disputed whether Muscle or no. Cricothyroideus Anticus ARiseth fleshy from the external part of the Cartilago Cricoidis, and is inserted into the lateral part of the Cartilago Thyroidis. Oesophagieus IS a broad Muscle fleshy, wholly encompassing the Posterior and Anterior part of the Oesophagus arising laterally, according to the Longitude of the Cartilago Thyroidis. This being carefully raised and cleared, you will the better find Stylopharyngaeus and Cephalopharyngaeus. Stylopharyngaeus ARiseth with a small beginning from the internal part of the Process Styloidis, and is implanted by a membranous Tendon, into the Thyroidis, the sides of the as Hyoidis, and the root of the Tongue. Cephalopharyngaeus ARiseth from the Cranium, and the first Vertebre of the Neck, where they are joined, and so descending, is implanted into the lateral parts of the as Hyoidis, Cartilago Thyroidis, and the beginning of the Oesophagus, for whom he seems to make a Coat. Cricoarytenoideus Posticus ARiseth fleshy from the hinder and lower part of the Cricoidis, and running up with right Fibers, and repleating the Cavity of the Cricoidis, it is nervously implanted into the inner Seat of the Arytenoidis. Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis ARiseth from the lateral part of the Cricoidis, and is inserted into the lateral external part of the Arytenoidis. Arytenoideus ARiseth from the Cartilago Arytenoidis, and is inserted into it again, encompassing with its Partner( to whom laterally he is joined) the cartilege from whence he receives his denomination. Thyroaritenoideus ARiseth fleshy, broad, and piteously in the Cavity of the Larinx, from the middle internal part of the Thyroidis, and being carried upward according to his Longitude, is inserted into the lateral part of the Arytenoidis, which makes the Glottis. This Muscle is best found, by carefully dividing the Cartilago Thyroidis from the Cricoidis, Arytenoidis, and subjacent Muscles, the Coats of them being carefully preserved, and then will plainly appear this. Sphaenopharyngaeus primus ARiseth thin and nervous from the sharp appendix of as Cuneiformis, and descending( by the internal Cavity of the Pterigoidis) is inserted by a small Tendon into that skinny part of the palate, from which the Uva seems to proceed. Sphaenopharyngaeus secundus ARiseth as the former, but is inserted not onely into the lateral, but also into the posterior part of the Fauces. To find these, you must( after you have raised the Larinx and Oesophagus) leave the Fauces entire, and then divide the Fauces themselves from the as Palati, till you come into the Cavity; then carry your Knife close as you can internally to the as Cuneiformis, and being so divided, you will easily find both their originations, and may as easily dissect them: It was proposed to clear the external Coat off the Pharinx, and then to dissect these Muscles, and follow them to their originations. Pterygoeideus externus sieve Adducens ARiseth from the external part of the Processus Aliformis in part, as also from the rough and sharp line of as Cuneiformis, strong, nervous and fleshy, and so runs down large, and is inserted by a strong broad Tendon, into the internal part of the lower Mandible lateral, just under the Tendon of the temporal Muscle. Pterygoeideus internus sieve Abducens ARiseth thick and short from the internal Cavity of the Process Aliformis, first nervous, and then fleshy, and is inserted by a broad, strong and nervous Tendon, into the lower Mandible internally lateral: These two Muscles appear not, till the whole Dissection of the Tongue Larinx and Gala be fully completed. Longus ARiseth sharp and fleshy from the forepart of the Body, of the fifth Vertebre of the Thorax, where the Rib joins himself to him, and so running up under the Oesophagus, is joined to the sides of the bodies of all the Vertebres, ascending till he comes to the first of them, where meeting with Scalenus, they insert themselves by a sharp nervous Tendon into the transverse Process of the first Vertebre of the Neck. Scalenus sieve Triangularis ARiseth from the first and uppermost Rib of the Thorax broad and fleshy, and then narrowing himself in his course upward, he bestows transverse Fibers upon all the transverse Processes of the Neck, and is inserted as the former. Pectoralis ARiseth first from the middle of the Clavicle, where he is most round and next the breast fleshy: Secondly, from the Sternon, according to his length, and is annexed to his Cartilages: Thirdly, from the Cartilages of the 6, 7 and 8 Ribs, and there is nervous in his origination, and so proceeds fleshy and large, till he comes to the lateral part of the Thorax, where he is converted into a short broad and strong Tendon, and inserted into as Humeri, according to his Longitude, between the Deltois and Biceps. Subclavius ARiseth fleshy from the rising part of the first Rib, where he is joined to the Sternon, and running as it were piteously, is inserted into that part of the Clavicula, that faceth the Rib and the Process Acromion, with a fleshy and broad end; others, and that many, invert his origination to his insertion, and so è contrario: This Muscle is left standing in dissection, unless for particular satisfaction. Seratus mayor Anticus ARiseth from the eight lower Ribs with a Saw-like nervous and acute beginning, hence growing fleshy upon the Ribs, he ascends and inserts himself fleshy into the whole Basis of the Scapula internally. This is controverted whether the origination and insertion be not è contrario. Seratus Minor Anticus ARiseth from the four first upper Ribs by so many Saw-like originations, and so descending towards the Scapula, narrows himself, and is inserted broad, fleshy and nervous into it. Intercostales externi HAve their originations from the transverse Processes of the Back, where the Ribs are joined, and so proceeding fleshy, fix themselves along from the lower part of the upper Rib external, to the upper part of the lower Rib external, and so proceed to the cartilege of the Sternon. Intercostales interni HAve their origination where the Ribs begin to curvate internal, and run from the lower to the upper part of the Ribs, not onely to the Catilage, but under that to the as Pectoris sieve Sternon. Cremasteres TAke their origination( from the termination of the transverse Muscle of the Abdomen) oblong, and tender with read, fleshy and right Fibers; and so passing through the Perforations of the Abdominal Muscles, he joins himself to the Spermatique vessels, and encompasseth the Testes. Erector Penis ARiseth from the Appendix of the Coxendix, below the beginning of the Penis, and proceeding nervous, becomes fleshy, and ascends obliquely, and is inserted laterally into the Penis. Accelerator Penis ARiseth fleshy from Sphinctor any, and joining with his Partner internally lateral, and running up the forepart of the Penis, is inserted into the Vrethra. Levatores any ARise from the ligaments of the Pubis Coxendix and Sacrum under the Bladder, small, thin, broad and membranous, and are inserted into each side of the Podex; These are best discovered afore you remove the Intestinum rectum vesica, and parts adjacent. Sphinctor any ARiseth from the lower Vertebres of the as Sacrum round and broad, adjoining himself largely circular to the Intestinum rectum with transverse Fibers, much thicker above then below, where he adheres so firmly to the Cutis, that it is very hardly divideable, which was the occasion that some took it for two, calling the last Cuticulosus. Sphinctor Vesicae IS placed Orbicular in the neck of the Bladder, scarcely distinguishable from the substance of it; onely where you find a rotund induration, that is he. Detrusor Urinae SAid to arise between the common and second proper Coat of the Bladder; the first proper Coat being properly his, if not him. Diaphragma HAth his origination from a Nerve in his own Center, and is inserted in the forepart to the Sternon and terminations of the true Ribs, and to the twelfth Rib; as also to the extremities of the bastard Ribs on the sides, and in the hinder part to the flesh, wanting Vertebres of the loins, to which he is firmly annexed. Here let the Body be turned upon its face. Cuccularis ARiseth fleshy from the inferior part of the as Occipitis, and from the Spines of the Vertebres of the neck, and the eight upper Spines of the Vertebres of the Thorax, and springeth membranous, broad, and running externally towards the Scapula, grows narrower, and is inserted into the whole spin of the Scapula, and near half his Basis, as also to part of the Clavicula, by a broad, nervous and fleshy termination. This Muscle is to be divided from his Partner, at their origination from the Spines of the Vertebres; and being so followed, and well cleared from the as Occipitis, the Muscles underneath will the better appear. Latissimus sieve ani-scalptor ARiseth from the Spines of the Vertebres of the Thorax, from part of the as Sacrum, as also from the upper part of the as Ileon: Here his origination is merely membranous, but running higher, so soon as it attains the curvation of the Ribs, he grows fleshy, and in his ascension becoming narrower, is carried over the lower Angle of the Scapula; and by a strong and short, but broad Tendon, he is implanted below the upper head of the as Humeri, between the pectoral and rotund Muscles. Great care must be had, lest in the raising of this Muscle from his origination, you take up the origination of the subjacent Muscle Seratus inferior Posticus. If you take not great care, this Muscle will borrow from Quadratus Lumbi, as you raise him from the Ileon, to which he firmly adheres; as also near the Scapula, Seratus mayor Anticus will rise with him, unless carefully observed. Rhomboidis ARiseth broad and fleshy( immediately under the Cuccularis) from the Spinal Processes of the three lower Vertebres of the Neck, and three upper Vertebres of the Thorax; whence running with thin Fibres, he descends down to the Scapula, to whose whole Basis externally he adheres broad and fleshy: In raising this, be careful that you do not raise the Tendon of Seratus superior Posticus, who lies just under him. Levator Patientiae ARiseth from the first, third, fourth and fifth transverse Processes of the Neck, and hath as many several originations, with their Interstitiums; These joining, descend, and adjoin to the whole superior side of the Rhomboidis, till it is inserted by a broad fleshy Tendon to the highest Angle of the Scapula. Rotundus ARiseth fleshy from the lower Angle of the Scapula, and adhering fleshy to his lower Costa, proceeds, and having gone half way, deserts, and being indifferently dilated, is inserted by a short, broad and strong Tendon into that part of the as Humeri, where Pectoralis hath his insertion. Superscapularis superior ARiseth fleshy from the whole Basis of the Scapula, above the spin, and going backward to the neck of it, there passeth under the second ligament of the Humeri, as the Biceps doth, and is inserted by a broad and strong Tendon, obliquely into the neck of the as Humeri. Superscapularis inferior ARiseth from almost the whole Basis of the lower part of the Scapula, and possessing the mayor part of that Cavity fleshy, running backward, narrows himself according to the form of the part, and by a broad Tendon, is inserted into the ligament of as Humeri. Nonus Humeri Placentini ARiseth sharp, and fleshy from the lowest Angle of the Scapula, at his Basis, and growing more fleshy to its venture, decreases again, and terminates himself by a sharp Tendon into the ligament of the as Humeri. Subscapularis ARiseth fleshy from the whole internal Basis of the Scapula, and so running forward according to the dimension of the bone, narrows himself, and by a broad Tendon, is inserted into the fourth ligament of the Humeris. If you please to take off the whole Arm with the Scapula now, the Dissection of these following Muscles will be the easier performed. Deltois ARiseth generally nervous, first, forward from the middle of the Clavicle, where he is broadest, next the as Humeri: Secondly, from the top of the Scapula, where he is joined to the Clavicle: Thirdly, from the whole spin of the Scapula; These originations presently growing fleshy, descend, and narrowing, becomes a strong Tendon, externally fleshy, internally nervous, and is implanted piteously under the neck of the as Humeri. Biceps ARiseth first externally from the top of the Acetabulum Scapulae, by a long and round Tendon, and so runs under the ligament of that juncture over the head of as Humeri, and through a Channel insclupt for him there; where he is bound in by a proper ligament: Secondly, he ariseth broad, fleshy and nervous from the Process Anchoriformis, and is carried over the internal head of as Humeri, and so descending, meets with the other, and makes one strong and fleshy Muscle, and narrowing himself, becomes a strong thick, large, round and nervous Tendon, and is inserted into an oblong Prominence under the upper head of the Radius. Octavus Humeri Placentini ARiseth by a short and nervous origination, from the Process Anchoriformis, near the origination of the Deltois, and so descending, becomes something long, large and fleshy, and is by a strong Tendon implanted into the middle of the as Humeri. Through the body of this Muscle doth pass a Nerve, which serves the rest of the Muscles. But in this Dissection the Masters had no perforation nor Nerve through him, for the Nerve ran by. Brachieus ARiseth( about the middle of the as Humeri, near the insertion of the Deltois and Pectoralis) double, broad and fleshy, partly by the external, partly by the internal side of the said Bone, but joining presently, and firmly adhering to the Bone: He in descension becomes large, till at last he terminates broad and fleshy in the ligament of the joint, as well as in the Appendices of the Cubitus and Radius. Gemellus mayor ARiseth doubly, first, broad and strong, partly fleshy, partly nervous, from the lower part of the Scapula, where it hath a peculiar Cavity a little under the neck of it, and growing fleshy, descends, and joins himself to the internal side of the as Humeri, where he meets with his other fleshy origination, and so making one, is carried down to the internal side of the Process of the Olecranium, and is there implanted. Gemellus Minor ARiseth nervous from the neck of the as Humeri, and so becoming fleshy, descends to the middle of as Humeri, and mixeth himself with the former inseparably, and at length is inserted partly fleshy, partly nervous, into the external side of the Olecranium. Palmaris ARiseth round and nervous from the internal extuberance of the as Humeri, presently becoming fleshy and narrow, about the midst of the cubit is carried something obliquely, and is converted into a long and round Tendon, and passing over the internal ligament of the Wrist, comes to the Palm, and there expands himself into a most broad Tendon, and is inserted laterally into the first joints of the Fingers. Caro Musculosa Quadrata ARiseth from the Membrana Carnosa, under Mous Lunae, where the eighth Bone of the Carpus is placed, and from thence goes under Palmaris to the middle of the Palm, and is inserted into the outside of that Tendon that separates the little Finger from the rest. Flexor Carpi interior ARiseth sharp, fleshy and nervous from the inner extuberance of the as Humeri, and so running fleshy the whole length of the cubit to whom he adheres, at the Wrist hath his insertion into the fourth bone of it, partly nervous, partly fleshy. Flexor Carpi exterior ARiseth as the former from the same extuberance, and so running something piteously,( near the external part of Primi Digitorum flectentium) is fixed to the Radius; and a little before he comes to the Carpus, becomes a round Tendon, which cleaving to the transverse ligament, runs under him, and enlarging himself, is inserted in that as Metacarpi that stands before the little Finger. Flexor secundi internodii perforatus ARiseth round and nervous from the same part of as Humeri, under the former, and so growing more broad and fleshy about the middle of Cubitus and Radius, something adhering to them, goes forward, and becomes totally round and fleshy near the Wrist, where he is divided into four fleshy portions, from which proceed so many round Tendons; all which are involved in one proper Mucaginous and thin Coat; and so running internally under the ligament, get through the Palm, and then distribute to the first and second joints of the four Fingers, as many Tendons which are perforated a little before their insertion, for transmission of the Tendons of Tertii internodii Flexor. Flexor tertii internodii perforans ARiseth membranous some small part of him from the same extuberance as the former; the rest from the root of the forward Process of the Olecranium; then he becomes exactly round and fleshy, running under the former, and adhering on the internal side to the Cubiteus, on the external to the Primi Pollici Flexor, and descending about the middle of the cubit, they divide and make their progress through the Fisures of the other, and are inserted into the third joint of the Fingers. Flexor tertii internodii Pollicis ARiseth round and fleshy from the as Cubiti, and so running along by the Radius, to which he adheres; as also to the Membrain, that joins the Cubitus and Radius, he comes to the Wrist, where he becomes a round nervous Tendon, having also a proper thin Mucaginous Membrain, and so running forward, is inserted into the third joint of the Thumb by a something broad Tendon. Pronator Radii tears ARiseth from the root of the inward Prominens of the as Humeri, and from the internal side of the as Cubiti, and is there joined by a large fleshy beginning to the Radius; and so descending obliquely by his inner side, a little above the middle, is implanted to him fleshy; from whence a nervous head proceeds, which is inserted into the external part of the Radius. Pronator Quadratus ARiseth from the inferior and internal part of the cubit near the Wrist, running piteously over the ligament that joins the cubit and Radius, and so implants himself fleshy to the internal part of the Radius. Flexores primi internodii ARise round, long and slender from the Membrains that involve the Tendons of Tertii internodii Flexores, and so passing on fleshy, are inserted by a round nervous Tendon into the first joints of the Fingers, and are best shown by raising one from his origination, and leaving him in his insertion, and the other e contrario. Primi internodii pollicis flexor primus ARiseth from the upper part of the Annular ligament near the Thumb fleshy, and ascending encompasseth the first joint of the Thumb entirely, and is inserted into the head of that joint fleshy. Secundus ARiseth fleshy partly from the same ligament, and partly from as Carpi next the Thumb, and running under the other, is implanted into the same joint, from the root, even to the middle of him. Secundi internodii pollicis flexor primus ARiseth broad, thin and fleshy from that as Metacarpi that receives the fore-Finger, a little below his head, and running towards the Thumb, grows something Triangular, is inseretd by a membranous Tendon into the head of the second joint of the Thumb, on the side next the fore-Finger. Secundus ARiseth broad and fleshy from the as Metacarpi of the middle Finger, and running to the Thumb, is inserted into the middle of the second joint of it. Tertius ARiseth broad and fleshy from the as Metacarpi of the third Finger, and is implanted in the same place with the former. Quartus ARiseth fleshy from the as Metacarpi of the little Finger, about the middle of it, and running under the other, is inserted into the same joint as the former. Minimi Digiti Abductor ARiseth fleshy from the fourth bone of the Carpus, and so extending himself by the Metacarpe, is inserted into the external side of the first bone of the little Finger. Pollicis Abductor ARiseth nervous near the Flexor primi internodii pollicis, from the as Carpi that sustains the Thumb, and becoming fleshy, implants himself by a membranous Tendon into the first joint of the Thumb. Pollicis Adductor ARiseth fleshy from the outward and hinder part of that as Metacarpi that sustains the fore-finger, and is inserted fleshy and broad to the internal side of the Thumb at the first joint. Interossei ARise fleshy, round and long from the bones of the Metacarpe, and at the roots of the Fingers become Tendons, and are inserted laterally from the first to the second joints. Extensor Carpi exterior ARiseth from the edge which is above the exterior extuberance of the as Humeri, by a broad nervous beginning; then growing more fleshy, he runs by the Radius according to its length, and being got half-way, he converts himself into a strong Tendon, which presently divides himself into two more broad, then thick, and so descending by the Radius, pass under the Annular ligament beyond the Carpus, and are inserted into the as Metacarpi of the fore-Finger and second Finger. Extensor Carpi interior ARiseth from the root of the external eminency of the as Humeri; as also from the top of the cubit, and being carried according to his Longitude, near the Carpus is converted into a strong and round Tendon, by which he is inserted into a Sinus above the lower Appendix of the cubit, and into the upper part of the as Metacarpi of the little Finger. Digitorum 2di & 3ii internodii tensor ARiseth partly fleshy, partly nervous from the external extuberance of the as Humeri, and suddenly becoming more fleshy, descending between the two Extensors of the Carpus; and narrowing, divides himself into three round Tendons, who are included in a common thin mucaginous Coat, and are so carried under the Annular ligament; passing which, they divide themselves, and are inserted into the fore, middle, and third Fingers, at the second and third joints. Minimi Digiti tensor ARiseth sharp and nervous from the same part as the former, and for almost half-way is so united to him, that they seem all one; but coming to the transverse ligament, he becomes a round nervous Tendon, which is implanted into the first and second joints of the little Finger. Supinator Radii Longus ARiseth fleshy from the middle of as Humeri, and running obliquely over the Radius, at the bottom of it he becomes a membranous Tendon, and is fastened to the upper part of the Appendix of the said Radius, tending something inward. Pollicis tertii ossis tensor ARiseth fleshy from the external part of the cubit, where the ligament that joins it and Radius grows membranous, and runs obliquely to the said Radius, whose Appendix so soon as it reacheth, it becomes a round Tendon, and getting under the transverse ligament, is inserted in the third bone of the Thumb. Secundi & tertii Pollicis tensor ARiseth fleshy from the same place of the cubit as the former, and ascends obliquely over the Radius, and divides himself into two unequal parts; yet sticking together, and is carried not onely in a proper ligament, but in a proper channel at the Appendix of the Radius; the upper part remaining something fleshy, yet at last becomes a round Tendon, and is inserted into the as Carpi that receives the Thumb; the other is presently subdivided into two small portions of flesh, and they become Tendons: The first of which is inserted into the root of the first joint of the Thumb; the other by a Membrain fixeth himself to the second and third joints of the Thumb. Indicem Abducens ARiseth with an exact fleshy beginning from the middle of the cubit, and so running obliquely to the Appendix of the Radius, he becomes two Tendons, which by a proper Sinus in the said Appendix, are transmitted under the Annular ligament over the Metacarpe, and the upper Tendon is carried to the root of the little Finger; the other is implanted into the root of the second Finger, both obliquely. Supinator Radii Brevis ARiseth fleshy from the external part of the ligament of the lower head of the as Humeri, and from the posterior Process of the cubit, and running obliquely( outwardly membranous, inwardly fleshy) recovers the middle of the Radius, and is there strongly implanted into it. Primi internodii Extensores ARise fleshy, long, round and slender from the bones of the Metacarpe, and so running to the roots of the Fingers, are inserted laterally to the first and second joints of the Fingers, and are to be raised as the Flexores primi internodii. Here you return to the Body itself as it lies. Seratus Posticus superior ARiseth very thin and membranous( just over the Splenius) from the Processes Spinal of the three last Vertebres of the Neck, and the first of the Thorax; and in his obliqne progression towards the Convex, part of the Thorax, he becomes fleshy, and is inserted into the four superior Costae by so many distinct terminations. Seratus Posticus inferior ARiseth thin and membranous from three, sometimes from four of the lower Spines of the Vertebres of the Back, and so marching piteously, becomes fleshy, and is inserted into the four inferior Costae, by so many distinct terminations. Splenius sieve Triangularis ARiseth doubly, first from the Spines of the fifth, fourth, third, second and first Vertebres of the Thorax; Secondly, from the Spines of the five lower Vertebres of the Neck, and so running broad and long, about the third Vertebre of the Neck both the originations join; and by obliqne Fibers both Muscles insert themselves into the middle of the Occiput. You must throw off this from his originations, and preserve as many of his Ansulae as you can between the Spines, by running between and recovering his Tendon. Trigeminus ARiseth threefold; First, from the fourth and fifth transverse Processes of the Vertebres of the Thorax, and immediately becoming fleshy, ascends over the rest of those Vertebres, till he comes to the lowest Vertebre of the Neck, where he becomes a round Tendon; but not far off from thence he becomes fleshy again, and inserts himself into the middle of the Occiput: The second origination is by a short round Nerve from the same process of the last Vertebre of the Neck; and from thence becoming fleshy, is conjoined with the other before his implantation: The third origination is partly fleshy, partly nervous, from the transverse Processes of the first and second Vertebres of the Thorax; and running obliquely outward( after conjunction with the others) is inserted to the root of the Mammillary Process, bestowing an Ansulae upon every transverse Process of the Cervix. To find him fairly, divide the sides of Spinatus and Dorsi Longissimus, and his origination will more plainly appear. Transversalis ARiseth from the transverse Processes of the six superior Vertebres of the Thorax, and so growing thicker, is implanted externally into all the transverse Processes of the Neck. Spinatus ARiseth with many beginnings from the roots of the Spines of the seven uppermost Vertebres of the Thorax; and ascending, gets a Tendon out of every transverse Process of the Vertebres of the Neck, and is firmly implanted into the whole inferior part of the second spin of those Vertebres, and there the right and left meet, and are indeed so united all the way, that they are neither divisible nor distinguishable, but by the spin. Recti Majores ARise from the points of the Spines of the second Vertebre of the Neck, and ascending, are inserted into the middle of the Occiput. Recti Minores ARise under the other( from a small Tubercle of the first Vertebre of the Neck) round, and ascending, are implanted as the former underneath them. Obliqui superiores ARise from the external side of the Recti at their implantations, and descending obliquely, are inserted into the Process of the first Vertebre of the Neck called Transverse. Obliqui inferiores ARise from the spin of the second Vertebre of the Neck, and ascending obliquely, are inserted with the Obliqui superiores. Dorsi Longissimus ARiseth from all the Spines of the as Sacrum, and Vertebres of the loins, and from the internal part of the as Ileon( where he joins himself to the Sacrum) his beginning is externally strong, nervous, and something acute, but within fleshy; and so ascending, fixeth himself to the transverse Processes of the loins, and becomes more fleshy; then continuing his course, he narrows himself, and bestows a small nervous Tendon upon every transverse Process of the Thorax, but the twelfth, and inserts himself into the said Process of the first Vertebre of the Thorax, though sometimes he makes his progress up to the Mammillary Process: In this Body it did terminate at the Mammillary Process. Sacrolumbus HAth the same origination in toto with the Dorsi Longissimus, and adheres to him externally lateral, according to its Longitude, till it hath attained the twelfth Vertebre of the Thorax, where they seem to be two( although by Dissection to be divided most difficult) and so growing thinner, inserts himself by two small Tendons into every Rib of the Thorax at their incurvation. Sacer ARiseth from the external part of the as Sacrum, where he is joined to the spin, and so arising fleshy, hath three several Tendinous insertions; The first into the upper part of the transverse Processes of the Vertebre of the loins; The other into the roots of the same Processes; and the third into every spin of the same Vertebre. To find Sacer( not dissected afore this Body) you must raise Dorsi Longissimus and Sacrolumbus from their membranous origination at as Ileon, as Sacrum, and from the Spines of the Lumbi, and immediately under that, will appear this in Situ, and in clearing him well, you will remove the scruple some make of the origination of Semispinatus and Spinatus, one beginning where the other ends. Semispinatus ARiseth by a sharp beginning from the spin of the last Vertebre of the Thorax, and becoming fleshy, bestows a nervous Tendon upon every spin of the Vertebres, ascending, and terminates accutely in the spin of the first Vertebre of the Thorax. Quadratus ARiseth from the hindermost and most superior Cavity of the as Ileon, as also from the superior part of the as Sacrum, broad, thick and fleshy; and so ascending over the Vertebres of the loins, he adheres to their transverse Processes internally, and inserts himself, being grown narrower, to the internal part of the twelfth Rib fleshy. Psoas ARiseth livid and fleshy from the sides of the Bodies of the two last Vertebres of the Thorax, and the three uppermost of the loins, and from their transverse Processes descending something round, from the inner part of the as Ileon to the as Pubis, where he becomes a strong and round Tendon, and running through his Sinus, is implanted into the upper part of the lesser Rotator. In this Body there did appear Psoas Parvus, mentioned by Riolanus. Now if you please to take off the Thigh from the Trunk of the Body, by dividing the as Ileon from the as Sacrum, the Dissection of the subsequent Muscles will be the better performed. Illiacus internus PRoceeds from the whole spin of the as Ileon, semicircular, broad, and internally fleshy; then narrowing, and growing thicker, becomes Tendinous, and passing through the same Sinus with the Psoas, is implanted into the same Rotator a little below him. Gluteus mayor ARiseth first from the whole spin of the as Ileon externally: Secondly, from the lower part of the as Sacrum laterally: Thirdly, from the as Coccys large and fleshy, running down obliquely over the Juncture of the Coxendix; and growing narrower, is implanted by a broad and strong Tendon into the first impression of the great Rotator. Gluteus Medius ARiseth under the former, from the forepart of the spin, as also from the back of as Ileon, fleshy, broad, and semicircular, and descending obliquely, narrows, and runs over the Juncture as the other, and is implanted by a broad, strong and membranous Tendon piteously into the fourth impression of the great Rotator. Gluteus Minor ARiseth livid, broad, semicircular and fleshy about the lower part of the back of the Ileon, near the Acetabulum of the Coxendix, and so runs obliquely forward, fibrous, adhering to the ligament that binds in the head of the as Femoris, and is implanted by a broad and strong Tendon into the third impression of the great Rotator. Piriformis ARiseth round, thick and fleshy from the three lower Vertebres of the as Sacrum, and running piteously, becomes a round Tendon, and is inserted into the fourth impression of the great Rotator. Obturator internus ARiseth fleshy and large from the Membrain internally, that covers the great perforation of the as Pubis, and covering the whole internal face of that bone and Coxendix, grows narrower, and sends forth three or four Tendons, which are carried through the Sinus of the Coxendix( which is arched over Secundum Longitudinem with a strong ligament) back wards to the external part of the Coxendix, where they are received in a fleshy purse, and so making one Tendon, are implanted into the Sinus of the great Rotator. This Muscle must be raised internally, and got through the Sinus under the ligament, and then his purse will plainly appear. This by Riolanus is in its Marsupium made two, and called Quadragemini, but not to be dissected. Quadrageminus ARiseth fleshy from the external rising of the as Ileon, and from the Appendix of the Coxendix, and runs broad, short and fleshy towards the hinder part of the great Rotator, and is inserted into that space of the bone which is between the two Rotators. The head of Lividus, and part of Triceps, must be thrown off, afore the origination of this will be well cleared, or Obturator externus found. Obturator externus ARiseth large and fleshy from the Membrain that encompasseth the perforation of the as Pubis externally; and so running piteously to the back part of the Femor, becomes narrower, and is inserted by a strong Tendon into the Sinus of the great Rotator. Carry your Knife internally about the edge of the perforation of the as Pubis, and he will arise the better. Membranosus ARiseth sharp, externally nervous, internally fleshy from the spin of the as Ileon( on that side that is forward next the Sartorius;) so descending, is joined to the great Rotator, and then becomes broad, and nervously membranous, encompassing in himself all the Muscles of the Thigh; then covering the Patella, Tibia and Fibula in the exterior part of them, is there implanted. As much of this Membrain is to be kept as may be in Dissection, and the division of it to be made in the posterior part. Sartorius ARiseth sharp, fleshy and nervous from the forepart of the spin of the as Ileon; and then becoming fleshy and broad, runs obliquely internally over the Muscles of the Thigh, becoming Tendinous and broad at the internal Appendix of the as Femoris, and is implanted by a broad Tendon( say some) round( others) into the Tibia. Gracilis ARiseth large and nervous from the as Pubis, according to the Longitude of its cartilege; and so descending internally towards the Ham fleshy, there becomes a round Tendon at the internal head of the as Femoris, inserting himself into the Tibia beneath the former. Rectus ARiseth sharp and nervous from the small internal extuberance of as Ileon, and then growing fleshy and round, when he comes to the Patella, he expands himself into a broad strong Tendon, covering it entirely, and running downward, is inserted into the external part of the Tibia, at a Prominency provided for him. Vastus externus ARiseth broad and nervous from the root of the great Rotator, cleaving to the upper and external part of the as Femoris, so descending fleshy to the Patella, he becomes a membranous broad Tendon, and mixing with the Tendon of the Rectus, makes the same Tegument for the Patella, and hath the same insertion. Vastus internus ARiseth nervous from part of the great Rotator, and from the neck of the as Femoris; and growing fleshy, adheres to the forward and internal part of the said as Femoris, and recovering the Patella, he there with the other two former mixeth himself, covers the Patella, and takes his insertion in the same place as they do. Biceps ARiseth, first, sharp and nervous from the Appendix of the as Coxendix, and growing fleshy, runs down externally, and being got half-way, he attenuates, and grows nervous, as if tending to a Tendon, where he joins himself with his other head, which arises from the as Femoris, where Gluteus mayor hath his insertion; and so growing thicker, outwardly nervous, becomes a strong Tendon, and runs through the external Sinus of the external part of the head of as Femoris, and fixeth himself firmly to the external side of the upper Appendix of the Fibula. Semimembranosus ARiseth where the former did with a small membranous beginning, and running downward by the back part of the Thigh, continues membranous half his progress, and then becomes more fleshy and thick, and in the Ham by a round Tendon, inserts himself into the internal side of Tibia. Seminervosus ARiseth small and nervous from the same Appendix as the former, and continuing so half-way in his descension, then becomes fleshy, running by the back part of the as Femoris to the Ham, near which he becomes a round Tendon, and reflecting himself, is inserted in the forepart of Tibia. Triceps ARises with three heads: the first fleshy, and nervous from the Appendix of the Coxendix, which growing big-belly'd, delates himself by the hinder part of the Femor, and growing smaller, ends in a round Tendon at the internal head of the said as Femoris: The second ariseth fleshy from the Coxendix at his conjunction with the Pubis, and terminates himself at the root of the less Rotator: The third ariseth fleshy from the lower part of the as Coxendix, and is implanted into the Linea aspera of the said as Femoris. Lividus ARiseth broad and fleshy from the forepart of the as Pubis, near his cartilege, descending obliquely, and is inserted by a large and short Tendon to the internal side of the as Femoris near his middle. Gasterocnemius externus ARiseth broad & fleshy from the internal head of as Femoris, as also from the external head of the same bone; so descending according to their originations, about midway they are united and converted into one entire, broad, strong and nervous Tendon, and become one with the Tendon of Gasterocnemius internus, and insert themselves into the posterior part of the as Calcis. Plantaris ARiseth fleshy, round and slender( under the former) from the external head of as Femoris, and after some dilatation, he becomes a slender round Tendon, and running obliquely from the external, internally between both the Gasterocnemii, and being joined with their Tendon near the Heel laterally, running forward, inserts himself( after dilatation over the Sole of the Foot) into each of the five Toes at the first joint. The dilatation of this Muscle over the Sole of the Foot, as also his insertions will not be found, unless you allow him to insert himself into Flexor primi internodii, at his origination in the Cavity of the as Calcis. Gasterocnemius internus ARiseth livid, strong and nervous from the posterior Appendix of the Fibula, and growing larger, adheres both to that and Tibia, and descending, at half-way, he becomes narrower, and Tendinous, making one with the former in origination and insertion. Suppopliteus ARiseth broad and nervous from the external head of as Femoris, and growing fleshy, runs obliquely to the posterior and internal part of the Root of the upper Appendix of the Tibia, and is there implanted. Flexor Digitorum tertii internodii perforans ARiseth fleshy and long from the back part of the Tibia, running and adhering according to its Longitude, to the middle of it, and there becoming a Tendon, is carried to the internal Maleolus; where he becomes round, and is carried under the ligament that proceeds from the lower Appendix of the Tibia to the as Calcis, and then divides himself into four Tendons, which terminate in the third joints of the four lesser Toes. Tibiaeus posticus ARiseth fleshy from the ligament that joins the Fibula and Tibia, according to their Longitude, and from both bones backward, and becomes a round Tendon at or near the internal Maleolus; where being bound by a strong ligament, he overruns him, and recovering the Sole of the Foot, is inserted into the inferior part of that as Tarsi that joins himself with as Cubiformis. Flexor Pollicis ARiseth sharp and fleshy about the middle of the posterior part of the Fibula, descending larger near the internal Maleolus, runs obliquely under the said Maleolus, and is inserted into the third joint of the great to. Under this ligament lye the as Sesamoides. Flexor secundi internodii perforatus ARises fleshy and membranous from the extremity of as Calcis, and marching half-way the Sole of the Foot, divides himself into four round Tendons, which at their insertion into the second joints of the four lesser Toes, are perforated for the transmission of the Tertii internodii flexor. Flexor primi internodii digitorum ARise round and fleshy from the Tendons of Tertii internodii flexor, and are inserted by small Tendons laterally to the first joints of the Toes. If you examine this carefully; you shall find these to have their origination from a musculous portion of flesh, seated in the internal Cavity of as Calcis, and proceeding fleshy half the Sole, there makes these, and from him sometimes proceeds a Tendon to the first of the Toes, and makes Secundi internodii; as also you shall always find, That the Tendon of the Tertii internodii flexor runs through the body of this, and is not perfectly divisible. Abducens Pollicem ARiseth nervous from the internal part of the Heel, and from the ligament that keeps that and the Talus together; and so growing fleshy and round, becomes Tendinous, inserting himself into the lateral part of the first Juncture of the great to. Abducens minimum digitorum ARiseth nervous from the external part of the Heel, growing fleshy, in his progress is adjoined by a small fleshy Tendon to the as Metatarsi, preceding Minimus Digitorum, running forward with another to Digitorum Minimus, laterally. Transversalis Placentini ARiseth from the ligament of the first Juncture of the little to fleshy, running piteously over all the first joints of the Toes, and inserts himself into the first joint of the great to internally lateral. Tibiaeus Anticus ARiseth sharp and fleshy from the uppermost Appendix of the Fibula and Tibia forward, as also from the ligament that binds them together; then being dilated, is about the middle of the Tibia narrowed, growing into a Tendon strong and round, running obliquely over the Tibia, and under the Annular ligament, is implanted into the internal side of that as Tarsi that is before as Pollicis. Peroneus primus ARiseth strongly nervous from the upper Appendix of the Fibula, descending, he adheres to the external part of it, being round externally, livid internally, next the Muscles read, coming half-way, he becomes a Tendon, running obliquely backward through the Sinus under the external Maleolus, and is inserted into the Root of as Tarsi, that adjoins to the as Pollicis. Proneus secundus ARiseth long and fleshy from the Fibula, to which he adheres; and having made half his progress, becomes a round Tendon, running to the back part of the Fibula under the external Maleolus, is implanted by two Tendons into that as Tarsi adjoining to Minimus Digitorum; In this body but one Tendon. Tensor Pollicis BEgins fleshy from the Fibula, where he parts from the Tibia; as also from the ligament that joins them, to which he sticks strongly, and so becoming a Tendon, runs over the lower part of the Fibula, and under the transverse ligament, and is inserted into all the three joints of the great to. Extensor secundi internodii digitorum ARiseth broad and fleshy from the transverse ligament upon the top of the Foot, and then seems to divide himself into four several Muscles; which coming to the Toes, sand forth Tendons to the first joint of each to, but more especially to the second joints, where they are joined to their ligaments. Interossei ARiseth fleshy from the sides of the bones of the Foot, and are inserted by something broad, but short Tendons, into the first bones of the Toes. The reduction of the Muscles each to his proper use and part. THe Forehead is lifted up by Frontalis. The Eye-brows, The upper Lifted up by Aperiens Rectus. depressed by Claudens superior. The nether lifted up by Claudens inferior. The Eyes are moved Rightly Upward by Attollens. Downward by Deprimens. Inward by Adducens. Outward by Abducens. Obliquely Downward externally by Circumagens exterior. Upward internally by Circumagens interior. The Nose is Dilated by Primus Aperiens. Secundus Aperiens. Contracted by Primus Constringens. Secundus Constringens. The Lips are Lifted up by Attollens. Drawn laterally by Abducens. Drawn down by Deprimens. Pursed up by Labium Constringens. The Cheeks are Drawn downward by Platasma Muodes. Drawn inward by Buccinator. The nether Mandible is drawn Upward by Temporalis. Downward by Digastricus. Laterally by Massetor. Forward by Pterigoideus externus. Backward by Pterigoideus internus. The Ears which are moved Externally Upwards by Attollens. downward by Deprimens. Forward by Adducens. Backward by Abducens. Internally By Externus. By Internus. The Tongue is moved In Constriction by the Lingualis. In Dilatation by the Lingualis. Forward by Geneoglossus. Backward by Hypsioglossus. Upward by Myleoglossus. Downward by Ceratoglossus. Laterally by Styloglossus. The as Hyoidis is moved Rightly Upwards by Mylohyoideus. Geneohyoideus. downward by Sternohyoideus. Obliquely Upwards by Styloceratohyoideus. downward by Caracohyoideus. The Fauces are Dilated by Sphaenopharyngaeus primus. Spaenopharyngaeus secundus. Contracted by Oesophagiaeus. Cephalopharyngaeus. Stylopharyngaeus. The Larinx is Dilated when Thyroidis is Extended by Sternothyroideus. Cricoarytenoideus Anticus. Bended by Hyothyroideus. Contracted Shut Opened while the Arytenoidis is Bent Rightly by Thyroarytenoideus. Obliquely lateral by Arytenoideus. Extended Rightly by Cricoarytenoideus posticus. obliquely lateral by Cricoarytenoidens lateralis. The Head is Bended by Mastoideus, Rightly if both move. Laterally if but one. Extended by Splenius sieve Triangularis. Trigeminus. Recti Majores. Recti Minores. turned about by Obliqui superiores. Obliqui inferiores. The Neck is Bent by Longus. Scalenus sieve Triangularis. Extended by Transversalis. Spinatus. The Thorax is moved Primarily by his proper Muscles, which do Dilate in breathing freely the Diaphragma alone contracted. Coactively Diaphragma and Intercostales externi. Constringe in breathing freely Diaphragma alone relaxt. Coactively Diaphragma and Intercostales interni. Extend as Dorsi Longissimus Semispinatus Sacrolumbus which are retaind in loco by Serratus minor Posticus. Serratus mayor Posticus. Bend as Musculi Recti Abdominis. Obliqui Ascendentes Abdominis. Turn about Transversi. Secondarily by the Lumbal Muscles, as Bent by Quadratus. Extended by the Sacer. The Abdomen is prest Laterally by Obliqui Ascendentes. Obliqui Descendentes. Forward by the Recti. Downward by Piramidales sometimes, or Transversi. The loins are Bent by Quadratus. Extended by Sacer. The Stones are raised by Cremasteres. The Bladder Retains by Sphincter Vesicae. Excreates by Detrusor Urinae. Piramidales. Obliqui Ascendentes Abdominis. The Anus is Pursed up by Sphincter any. Elevated by Levatores any. The Penis is Erected by Erectores. Accelerated by Acceleratores. The Scapula is moved Variously by Cucullaris. Upward by Levator Patientiae. Backward by Rhomboides. Forwardly upwards by Serratus Minor Anticus. Forwardly downward by Serratus mayor Anticus. The as Humeri is moved Forward by Pectoralis. Upwards by Deltoidis. Octavus Humeri Placentini. downward by Rotundus. Is carried about towards the External part by Superscapularis inferior. Superscapularis superior. Nonus Humeri Placentini. Internal part by Subscapularis. The cubit is Extended by Gemellus mayor. Gemellus Minor. Bended by Biceps. Brachieus. The Radius is Pronated by Quadratus. tears. Supinated by Longus. Brevis. The Carpus is Bended by Flexor Carpi interior. Flexor Carpi exterior. Extended by Extensor Carpi interior. Extensor Carpi exterior. The Fingers are Bended by Flexor primi internodii. Flexor secundi internodii. Flexor tertii internodii. Extended by Primus extendentium Digitorum. Secundus extendentium Digitorum. Interossei extendentium Digitorum. Moved laterally by Interossei. Abductor Minimi. Abductor Indicis. The Thumb is Bended First, by Flexor primi internodii primus. Flexor secundi ejusdem internodii. Secondly, by Primus Flexor internodii. Secundus Flexor internodii. Tertius Flexor internodii. Quartus Flexor internodii. Thirdly, by Tertii internodii Flexor. Extended by Extensor primus. Extensor secundus. Moved Laterally internal by Abducens. Laterally external. The Thigh is Extended Obliquely Backward by Gluteus mayor. Forward by Gluteus Medius. Rightly by Gluteus Minimus. Bended Rightly by Psoas. Iliacus internus. Obliquely by Triceps. Lividus. Moved about Upward by Piriformis. Inward by Obturator externus. Outward by Obturator internus. Backward by Quadrageminus. The Leg is Bended by Sartorius. Gracilis. Seminervosus. Semimembranosus. Biceps. Extended by Membranosus. Rectus Vastus externus. internus. Obliquely moved by Suppopliteus. The Anckle is Extended by Gasterocnemius externus. internus. Bended by Tibiaeus Anticus. Peroneus secundus. Moved obliquely lateral Internally by Tibiaeus posticus. Externally by Peroneus primus. The four lesser Toes are Bended by Perforans in the third joint. Lumbricales in the first joint. Perforatus in the second joint. Extended by Interossei in the first joint. Secundi internodii Tensor. Tertii internodii Tensor. Obliquely moved by Interossei. Minimi digiti Abductor. The great to is Bended by Flexor. Extended by Tensor. Obliquely moved by Abductor. The first joints of the Toes are kept together by Transversalis Placem. The Skin of the Sole of the Foot is moved by Plantaris. of the Palm of the Hand by Palmaris. Caro Musculosa quadrata. An Alphabetical Table of the Names of the Muscles, with the page. cited in which each Muscle is treated on. A A Periens palpebram rectus page.. 7 Attollens Aurem page.. 11 Adducens Aurem ad Anteriora page.. 12 Abducens ad Posteriora Aurem ibid. Abducens Nasi alum page.. 13 Attollens Nasi alum ibid. Abducens Labia page.. 15 Arytenoideus page.. 25 Accelerator penis page.. 32 Abducens Pollicem page.. 80 Abducens minimum Digitorum ibid. B BUccinator page.. 17 Biventer sieve Digastricus page.. 19 Biceps Humeri page.. 40 Brachicus page.. 41 Biceps Femoris page.. 73 C CLaudens sieve Semicircular is superior Deprimens page.. 8 Claudens Nasum externus page.. 14 Claudens Nasum internus page.. 14 Communis Claudens Alas ibid. Caracohyoideus page.. 19 Ceratoglossus page.. 22 Cricothyroideus Anticus page.. 23 Cephalopharyngaeus page.. 24 Cricoarytenoideus Posticus ibid. Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis page.. 25 Cremasteres page.. 31 Cucularis page.. 34 Caro Musculosa quadrata page.. 43 D DEtrahens Aurem page.. 11 Detrusor Urinae page.. 33 Diaphragma ibid. Deltois page.. 39 Digitorum 2di & 3ii internodii tensor page.. 52 Dorsi Longissimus page.. 61 E ERector penis page.. 31 Extensor Carpi exterior page.. 51 Extensor Carpi interior page.. 52 Extensores primi internodii page.. 56 Extensor secundi internodii digitorum page.. 83 F FRontalis page.. 7 Flexor Carpi interior page.. 44 Flexor Carpi exterior ibid. Flexor secundi internodii perforatus page.. 45 Flexor tertii internodii perforans page.. 46 Flexor tertii internodii pollicis ibid. Flexores primi internodii page.. 48 Flexor digitorum tertii internodii perforans page.. 77 Flexor Pollicis page.. 78 Flexor secundi internodii perforatus page.. 79 Flexor primi internodii digitorum ibid. G GEniohyoideus page.. 21 Genioglossus page.. 22 Gemellus mayor page.. 42 Gemellus Minor ibid. Gluteus mayor page.. 66 Gluteus Medius ibid. Gluteus Minor page.. 67 Gracilis page.. 71 Gasterocnemius externus page.. 75 Gasterocnemius internus page.. 76 H HYothyroideus page.. 20 Hypsioglossus page.. 22 I INferior sieve Attollens semicircularis page.. 8 Internus externus Auris page.. 12 Internus internissimus Auris page.. 13 Intercostales externi page.. 30 Intercostales interni page.. 31 Interossei manus page.. 51 Indicem Abducens page.. 55 Iliacus internus page.. 65 Interossei pedis page.. 83 L LAbii inferius Deprimens page.. 15 Lingualis page.. 23 Longus page.. 28 Levatores any page.. 32 Latissimus sieve Ani-scalptor page.. 35 Levator Patientiae page.. 36 Lividus page.. 75 M MAssetor page.. 17 Mastoideus page.. 18 Mylohyoideus Riolani page.. 21 Myloglossus ibid. Minimi digiti Abductor page.. 50 Minimi digiti tensor page.. 53 Membranosus page.. 70 N NOnus Humeri Placentinus page.. 38 O OBliquus Descendens page.. 4 Obliquus Ascendens. page.. 5 Obliquus primus oculi page.. 10 Obliquus secundus sieve Trocheus ibid. Oesophagiaeus page.. 23 Octavus Humeri Placentini page.. 41 Obliqui superiores page.. 60 Obliqui inferiores ibid. Obturator internus page.. 68 Obturator externus page.. 69 P PIramidalis sieve Falopii page.. 6 Par labium Constringens page.. 15 Platasma Muodes page.. 16 Pterigoeideus externus sieve Adducens page.. 27 Pterigoeideus internus sieve Abducens ib. Pectoralis page.. 29 Palmaris page.. 43 Pronator Radii tears page.. 47 Pronator Quadratus ibid. Primi internodii pollicis flexor primus page.. 48 Pollicis Abductor page.. 50 Pollicis Adductor ibid. Pollicis tertii ossis tensor page.. 53 Pollicis secundi & tertii tensor page.. 54 Psoas page.. 64 Piriformis page.. 67 Plantaris page.. 76 Peroneus-primus page.. 81 Peroneus secundus page.. 82 Q QUadratus page.. 64 Quadrageminus page.. 69 R REctus Abdominis page.. 5 Rectus oculi primus sieve Elevator page.. 9 Rectus secundus sieve Depressor ibid. Rectus tertius sieve Adducens ibid. Rectus quartus sieve Abducens ibid. Rhomboidis page.. 36 Rotundus ibid. Recti Majores page.. 59 Recti Minores page.. 60 Rectus page.. 71 S STernohyoideus page.. 19 Sternothyroideus page.. 20 Styloceratohyoideus ibid. Styloglossus page.. 22 Stylopharyngaeus page.. 24 Sphaenopharyngaeus primus page.. 26 Sphaenopharyngaeus secundus ibid. Scalenus sieve Triangularis page.. 28 Subclavius page.. 29 Seratus mayor Anticus page.. 30 Seratus Minor Anticus ibid. Sphincter any page.. 32 Sphincter Vesicae page.. 33 Superscapularis superior page.. 7 Superscapularis inferior page.. 38 Subscapularis ibid. Secundus flexor primi internodii pollicis page.. 48 Secundi internodii pollicis flexor Primus Secundus Tertius Quartus page.. 49 Supinator Radii Longus page.. 53 Supinator Radii Brevis page.. 55 Seratus posticus superior page.. 56 Seratus posticus inferior page.. 57 Splenius sieve Triangularis ibid. Spinatus page.. 59 Sacrolumbus page.. 62 Sacer page.. 63 Semispinatus. ibid. Sartorius page.. 70 Semimembranosus page.. 73 Seminervosus page.. 74 Suppopliteus page.. 77 T TRansversalis Abdominis page.. 6 Temporalis page.. 18 Thyroarytenoideus page.. 25 Trigeminus page.. 58 Transversalis Cervicis page.. 59 Triceps page.. 74 Tibiaeus Posticus page.. 78 Transversalis Placentini page.. 80 Tibiaeus Anticus page.. 81 Tensor Pollicis page.. 82 V VAstus externus page.. 72 Vastus internus ibid. Z ZYgomaticus Riolani page.. 15 FINIS.