A PHILOSOPHICAL, AND Medicinal Essay OF THE WATERS OF TUNBRIDGE. Written to a Person of Honour. By PAT. MADAN M. D. Temporibus Medicina juvat. data tempore prodest, Et data non apto tempore Lympha nocet. LONDON, Printed for the Author, MDCLXXXVII. My Lord, IT was your Honour's pleasure, to ask my judgement concerning Tunbridge-waters, because I oft recommend my Patients to them; which in my opinion are not Inferior in Medicinal Virtues to any Spa of that kind: For by their Effects, which is an * Demonstratis à posteriori. after-demonstration; they are impregnated with a Chalcanteous or Vitriolate Juice; which, with its Sulphureous Particles irritates and moves the Belly to Blackish Excretion, and by frequent Drinking thereof, it Blackneth the Tongue, because this member being of a Spongy Substance imbibes some Sooty Sulphureous Minims into its Porosity, occasioning this Tincture. Through its more subtler piercing Chalchantous Spirits, it provokes Urine in a plentiful manner. To these is admixed some Ferrugineous Juice, which contains a great deal of the Volatile Salt, which is it that is dissolved in the Chalybeat-Wine, now so much in Vogue amongst Physicians. His Aquis ferrum inesse videtur in principiis solutis unde earum vis Chalybeata intimius Sanguine permiscetur & potentius morbis expugnat quam ferrum quocunque demum artificio nobilitatum, Dr. Sydenham. These Waters seem to contain Iron in its unconcrete and seminal Principles, whereupon their Chalybeat Virtue is more entirely mixed with the Blood, and more powerfully attaques Diseases, than Iron prepared to the best advantage can; Dr. Sydenham. Mars in its self confists chief, of Salt, Sulphur, and Earth: It has very little of Spirit and Water, and Particles of the former Elements, especially the Sulphureous and Saline in the mixed are combined together with Earth, remain wholly fixed; but being loosed and divided from each other (as in these Waters) have a very efficacious Energy; Dr. Willis de Chalybeatis. In them Galls shaved, or Oake-leaves added; or by pouring to them some infusion of Tea made in Water, they'll become of an Atropurpureous Colour; to which in-Stilling some drops of Spirit of Vitriol, or pouring thereunto some Sherry, becomes clear again and Redintegrats its Pristine Colour. On the Surface of these Waters, there's a Grey-Filme in a Morning; they have a Roughness in the Mouth, with 'em no Arsenical Vapours are intermixed, but void of all noxious quality, are Limpid and Salutiferous. many do daily receive Benefit by the use of 'em: Wherefore by * Syndrome Phainomenoon. the concurrence of these appearances they have the Characteristic of a good and wholesome Spa. As for their Virtues and Properties in Physic, I believe if there be any such Remedy in Being as a Panpharmacon, or Universal Remedy, 'tis here: For even as Soap put to Foul Linen with Water, Purgeth and Cleanseth all Filth, and maketh them to become White again; so these Waters with their Saponary and Detersive Quality clean all the whole Microcosm or Body of man from all Feculency and Impurities. Vid. the first Region by Black Siege; the second by Urine, the third by Transpiration, sending forth from the Centre to the Circumference many Sooty and Fetid Effluviums, which in some, colour their Shirt Blackish, * Harum enim substantia liquida notannda quantitas per intimos viscerum recessus preterfluens, peccantes & in propriis cuniculis stagnantes succos egregie everrit morborumque causam averruncet, Materiam tartaream & viscosam dissoluunt: Hepatis quoque & renum calidam in temperiem corrigunt. An observable quantity of this Liquid Substance, gliding through the Inner Passages of the Bowels, brushes off the Peccant Humours that stagnate in their proper Channels, and root out the Cause and Origen of Diseases: The Acidulae also dissolve Tartarous and Viscous Matter, and correct the hot Indisposition of Liver and Kidneys: See the Author Fredericus Lossius in Conciliis Medicis. Wherefore the use of these Waters have deservedly gained a great esteem and reputation in Curing many Chronic and Rebellious Diseases, which are accounted the shame of Physicians; for they Cure even to a Miracle, such as are quite given over by Doctors, they may well be named Aquae Vitae, or Waters of Life, because they restore men to Life, and make them live twice: * Quia vita priori posse frui est bis vivere. Because to enjoy their former Health is to live again, for Sickness and Neutrality of Health, as the Greeks say, is but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, To live without Life; wherefore * Non est vivere sed bene valere Vita Martial. Life is not only to live and breath, but also to have perfect Health; and that is got here by Drinking. * Ad has aquas medici postquam aegros magna & sumptuoso medicamentorum apparatu longo tempoae defatigarunt cum vident res sibi ex voto non succedere, miseros relegant; tanquam ad sacram anchoram sunt enim efficacissimum & potentissimum remedium ad profligandos gravisstmos morbos a Deo concessum, si dextra manu porrigantur quod Poeta exprimit his versibus. Physician's when they have tired their miserable afflicted Patients with tedious and Chargeable courses of Physic (finding all ways else unsuccessful) at last send 'em to these Waters, which they lay hold of, as a Sacred Anchor, for they are the most Efficacious and Powerful Remedy against the greatest and most Inveterate Diseases; by the appointment of Almighty God, provided they are made use of in a due and right manner; which the Poet expresses in these words. Publica morborum requies, commune medentum, Auxilium, praesens numen, inemptaque salus, Amissium reparant lymphis impune vigorem, Peccaturque aegro luxuriante dolour. Diseases public ease; a common heal, A free-cost-Health; a God does never fail, Vigour to Men restore with ease, avail, All pain in wanton Patient's does assail. But if you take 'em in the left hand, or by the wrong handle, they cause thousands of Diseases, and hasten even death itself. Fredericus Lossius in Conciliis de morbis Hypochondriacis. * Etenim massae Sanguineae Effatae & Languescenti volatile quoddam fermentorum, seu calcaria subdit, à quo excitantur & quasi eriguntur spiritus antea jacentes & suo pondere pressi: Sanguinem vigorat ejusque vim 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 redintegrant: Nam quoties Chalybeata in chlorosi seu febre alba vel amatoria propinantur pulsus de repent major fit & celeror: Exteriora corporis incalescunt, facies non amplius pallida & morti concolor, sed vivida cernitur & Sanguine purpurata, Fredericus Lossius. Chalybeats Cure not so much by opening Obstructions of the Viscera, as by depressing the Exaltations of Sulphur and fixed Salts, and by Volatilizing the Blood much Depauperated and made Effete as in Cachectick Bodies: For they communicate a Volatile sort of Ferment; as a Spur to the Effete and Languid Mass of Blood, by which the Spirits that before lay gasping as it were, and pressed down with their own weight, are excited and made more lively; by Invigorating the Blood, and renwing the Ferment; For as soon as Chalybeat Medicines are made use of in the Green-sickness, the Pulse becomes suddenly greater and quicker: The External parts of the Body grow hot, the Face no longer Pale and Dead-coloured, but fresh and Purpled with Blood itself. Betwixt the Ferment of the Stomach and Chalybeats, there's a mutual conflict, as appears by the Nidorolent Belches, and Eructations after taking 'em, as if one had eaten hard Fried Eggs: In this re-action Chalybeats undergo a dissolution within the Viscera of Concoction, and the active Particles, both Sulphureous and Saline display themselves and mixing with the Nutritive Juice, are carried into the Blood which they Inactuate. Chalybeat-Waters by their many and divers Seminary Principles with which they are embryonated, are very powerful and efficacious in curing of many and divers Diseases, tho' they be of a contrary Nature and Disposition; for they serve not only as a Bridle, but also as a Spur: Yet I would not advise them to be drunk indifferently by all Constitutions and Sexes, without the Advice of a Physician, who by his Prudent Conduct and management, weighing all * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Indications, Contraindications, and Coindications according to Discretion, may obviate all Symptoms that may survene, and thereby render them more useful, and effectual; the Potation of Waters thus Circumstantiated, may deserve to be called the most powerful Hand of God; and keep their Reputation untainted: But without this Caution, they may prove a Sword in a Madman's hand, and not at all Auxiliary, but pernicious and hurtful: Hence comes the saying, * Pessimum mortis sed optimam vitae instrumenturs. That Steel is the worst Instrument of Death, and best of Life: Wherefore our Learned and well Experienced Doctors now adays abbreviate the tedious and various Theraupeutick method of Physic, and in lieu of it prescribe their Patients only a Chalybeat course to satisfy all intentions, judging it to be instar omnium, or equivalent to all other prescriptions, * hujus veluti panacaee usus caetera possit excusare Medicamenta. and as a Learned Physician was wont to say, As true as Steel. The Sanative Virtues and Energies of those Waters are beyond any Polypharmacon prescription imaginable, being very prevalent against frequent Giddiness and Scotomia, Passions of the Heart, and Fainting of Spirits, with a fear and dread as it were of present Death. In Hypochondriacal and Hysterick Fits, by supressing the Anathymiasis of ill Vapours, and hindering Damps to exhale to the Head and Heart, no Remedy more effectual. In Scurvy which is an Endemick Disease, it is an Appropriate and Specific Remedy, by correcting the depraved Ferments and Dulcifying the Blood: In Hemorrhagies taken with Advice, it is of great strength and force: In both Obstructions and overflowing of the Terms also, an excellent Remedy: It's good against all Obstructions of Liver, Spleen, and Mesentery; Leucophlegmatia, Febris Alba, Seu Amatoria, or Green-sickness, Stone, Gravel: Nay, it Cures Hydrophobia, or the Disease called the Fear of Water, commonly contracted by the By't of a Mad-Dog methodically Drank. Moreover these Waters are endowed with an admirable and Powerful Faculty in rendering those who Drink of them Fruitful and Prolific; by reason of their Spirituous Ferment they Enliven, Invigorat and Actuate the whole Mass of Blood, the nobler parts of the Body and Spirits thereof. Likewise reduce them from a Saline or Sulphureous dyscrasy, and sometimes from both, to a sweet Balsamic, Spirituous, and Sanguineous Temperament, * Actiones sequuntur temperamentum corporis. which naturally incites and inspires men and Women to Amorous Emotions and Titillations, being previous Dispositions, enabling them to Procreation: This may be the Aitiology of this product in some sense. Venus comes from the Salt Sea through many Crannies, Interstices, Pores of the Earth, and dangerous Precipices foaming to meet her beloved Mars in the Bowels of the Earth: whom she no sooner embraces, but she is Impregnated and big with a valiant Hero, in the Bed of Honour with no insipid delight: From thence soon after this Congression, she rises Triumphing in our Hemisphere at Tunbridge, generously imparting and distributing this Impregnative Faculty to her Votaries, Omne bonum sui communitativum. in order to preserve and perpetuate Mankind. To Her, Mars in a Poetical Rhapsody speaks. Tu Dea? tu rerum naturam Sola gubernas, Nec sine te quidquam, dias in luminis oras Exoritur: nec sit laetum nec amabile quicquam. Thou Goddess! turnest Nature's Wheel, To thee All-Beings do Appeal; Without Thee, neither Joy nor Love, we feel. So Passionate was he for a married Venus: To these Lines I may annex a Poetical Hypothesis, de aquis Chalibeatis, or Chalibeat-waters made by a Learned and Ingenious Man, alluding to the preceding Discourse. Quid valet obdurum placide dissolvere Martem, Ecce Venus madidans, mollit amore Deum. Spuma maris transit telluris sedula rimas, Quemque ardet juvenem; quaerit ubique furens. Non erit ergo novum si nostris emicet undis, Hìc Martem exultans convenit illa suum. Salsis in Terrae thalamo complexibus hument, Surgit & explosus colliquefactus Amor. Hinc tantis dignae ferratae laudibus undae: Mars praebet robur: Dat Venus alma decus. Huc queis forma perit: huc, huc properate puellae, Vos Pulchras reddit candida limpha Deas. Hue properate senes, curvans quos deprimit aetas, Ecce Dei vires exhibit unda sui. Ventriculos implete mares: implete puellae, Quos bibitis fontes rivus Amoris erunt. Posthac de Baccho fileant proverbia: friget Non sine Lenaeo, sed sine Marte Venus'. What thing can reach Mars his hard heart? 'Tis Venus only has the Dart. The foaming Sea finds Terras chinks, And mad with Love, into 'em sinks. 'Tis nothing strange if Venus rise, And both in Joy, here sympathize. moistened in Salt Embraces Bed, She melted, rising rears her head. Hence Water's Fame of Iron race, Mars gives the Strength, Venus the Grace Come hither Dames, whose Beauties fade, A Goddess in a trice is made. Come hither Old, whom Age has bend, God's Power is Omnipotent. Drink Men and Women, drink and swell, You can't drink dry kind Cupid's Well. Drink Sirs and Ladies; He, She Dove, What here you drink, increases Love. No more of Bacchus; Venus i'll Appears, when Mars has no good will. Nay, only then to say I'm bold, Venus is so when Mars is cold. Notwithstanding all these Encomiums of the Waters, yet some are of opinion they are not proper in some kind of Maladies: As in a Rheumatism, nor in Hectic Fevers, or Consumptions: First, by reason of the ill success they are wont to have in using these Waters. Secondly, Because in them the parts are much weakened, and Nature cannot throw off the Glut of Waters sent into the Blood: In Rheumatic Persons the Nervous Juice degenerates from its Crasis, and inclines to a sharpish Nature, and is wont to be perverted by the fluid Salts of the Spaw-Waters: As Doctor Willis well observes, As for Hectics, they are commonly of a fine texture of Body, much Distempered with Heat, Dryness, and Costiveness; all which Symptoms are rather increased by Chalybeats, than abated: Wherefore the Learned Dr. Willis in his Chapter of Chalybeats, says, That Steel is not proper in very Hot and Spiritous Blood, nor where the the Bowels are of a hot Temperament: Neither are these Waters good, but rather hurtful to those who are in perfect Health, according to Hypocrates sentiment; who says, Medicamenta non conveniunt sanis: Medicaments are not convenient for Sound and Healthy Persons. Moreover, they are Judged not proper for Women with Child: Because whatever provokes Urine, as these Waters do, provokes also the Terms, and whatever provokes 'em in Women, causes Miscarriage; therefore not fit for them in this circumstance. Old and Ancient Persons are not to be too bold in drinking these Waters, because their Ferments and Natural Faculties are much debilitated by decay of Nature, and not sufficient to exert their Function in distributing these Waters, which if remaining in their Body, and being not carried off, Suffocates the Vital Flames of the Heart and Arteries: Wine therefore for 'em is most convenient. * Deus enim Vinum hominibus quasi auxilium adversus senectutis austeritatem pharma cum largitus est, ut reviviscere videantur, & maestitiae oblivio capiat: atque ipse animi habitus mollise duro factus ut ferrum Igni impositum, tractabilior fiat unde Vinum a non nullis lac senum nominatur. Lossius. For God has given Wine as a Physick-help against the Moross Austerity of Age, that by the moderate use thereof, Old Men may in a manner renew their Lives, and forget their Aches; even the habit of the Mind from a hardened condition, is become soft; as Iron by the help of Fire is made more tractable; whereupon Wine is called, Lac senum, the Old Man's Milk. The method which is to be observed in drinking these Waters, is as followeth: First, To drink for three or four days every Morning, Epsom or North-Hall Waters, to Purge the Body and prepare it in order to Tunbridge: For unless the first passages are cleansed, Medicines designed for any other use, will be depraved by the filth residing in them. These Purging-Waters may be drunk to three or four Pints, either raw or boiled, and altered with Milk. This being done, drink of Tunbridge, walking gently to the Fountainhead. * Nam dulcius & utilius ex Fonte bibuntur: delatae enim ex propriis Fontibus fieri non potest quin amittant vivificos illos Spiritus inquoque omnis vivamenti vis consistit, quos nullo postea labore restitui potest Bacchius de thermis. For Waters are more pleasant and profitable taken at the Fountainhead: Whence once removed, they lose their Vivific Spirits, in which all Virtue does reside: which afterward no diligence can recover. For being impregnated with a Spiritous and volatile Exhalations, they easily lose their Virtue by the Avolation of Fugitive Parts being carried at a distance: That they are embodied with such subtle parts, you may experience it sensibly by putting a Bottle half full of them, about Sunrising to your eyes; and from thence you'll perceive such Emanation of Efluviums to come Analogous to those of Orange-peel when squeezed, as will stimulate and irritate the tender Tunicles of your Eyes: This I have by Tradition from a Physician, who for many years frequented Tunbrige, and made great scrutiny into the Nature and Idiosyncrasia of these Waters; yet this I know, that Chalybeat-waters in long deportation; or being some space of time out of the Fountain, will not tinge with Galls or Oaken leaves, at least not so intense as before: whence I deduce that, in carriage to some distance, or being long our of the Fountain, they are divested of their Marshal, and consequently Medicinal Power. * Vnum quodque quo magis elongatur a principio eò magis languescit. They are to be drunk gradually, and with leisure, not in great draughts, with little or no intermission, because they are chief prescribed to purify and keep in its due Crasis the Blood and Nervous Juice, to open Obstructions, and strengthen the Tone of the Nervous Plexus: Now this they effect, by insinuating Subtle and Active Particles of different State and Origine, into the Morbific Minera, conquering and subduing Saline and Irritative Particles residing in the Blood, and carrying some forth as Prisoners, by Urine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This Mutual Contest betwixt the Combatants of Chalybeats and their Antagonist, cannot be expected to be at an end in haste, or in short space of time, but after many Attacks and several Collisions, and as I may say, broken Pates: But precipitate drinking destroys all these intentions, and leaves no time for alteration, assimulation, or Mortification of Particles of different Nature and Figure; Wherefore it's better to * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Festina lente Hips, omne nimium Naturae inimicum quod vero paulatim fit, tutum est presertim si ab uno ad aliud progrediatur. hasten slowly, and drink 'em leisurely, with due intervals. Moreover, great draughts are generally held Pernicious, Destructive, and rather oppressing than alleviating Nature: And considering these Waters are not Virtuated so much by their quantity as quality inherent in them, the Body participates more of the latter frequently drinking a little, than by powering in, a vast and stupendious quantity at one time, like Tricongius Mediolanensis, who drunk three Gallons at one draught, and from thence took his Name. The compass of time wherein the Waters are usually drunk, is an hour, or an hour and a half, walking betwixt while moderately, * Ad Ruborem, sed non ad Sudorem. till you look red, but not sweat, lest you divert 'em from the urinary passage to the Periphery of the Body, (for the same matter goeth by Sweat as by Urine) and cause too great an Effervescency in the Blood. The measure of time to continue the drinking of these Waters for good effect, is commonly a Month, or six Weeks: But by the Authority of Claudinus, and many other Doctors, we may continue a Steel course for the space of a Year: Why not a Fortiori, or much more, the use of these Waters with as much safety and benefit, they being the most perfect course of Steel; because here the Elements of Steel are in unconcrete and seminal Principles, and display themselves, as (I before mentioned out of Dr. Sydenham.) Supposing in this Administation, there be respect had to the Patient's strength, Disease, Euphory, or well-bearing; Temperament of the Air, and other Circumstances. They are to be taken, gradually increasing and lessening; the Dose at the beginning, and before their end of the whole space of time appointed for the taking of them. As in reference to the number of Glasses. In my Judgement, you may make it either odd or even: Tho' some Philosophers who are of Opinion, that all things are composed of number, prefer the odd before the other, and attribute to it a great Efficacy and Perfection, especially in matters of Physic: Wherefore it is that many Doctors prescribe always an odd Pill, an odd Draught or Drop to be taken by their Patients. For the perfection thereof, they allege these following Numbers. As Seven Planets, Seven Wonders of the World; Numero Deus impore gaudet. Nine Muses; God is Three and One, with many other Examples, which for brevity I supersede; and let them abound in their own Sense. If there fall Rain, than the Waters are not seasonable, because they'll be too much diluted and weakened; but a little wet does no harm, but rather good, because it washes the Salt in the Crannies and Interstices of the Earth into the Fountain and more intensely impregnates them. * Virtue unita fortior se ipsa dispersa. To correct the Crudities and Rawness of the Waters, and to acelerate their passing: Carroway Confects, and such like Candied Seeds masticated, are very good, and much commended, taken betwixt while: Likewise a Glass of small White Wine is a proper Vehicle; and for all those who are innured to Tobbacco * Nulla salutifero praestantior herba Tobacco. Interpone tuis interdum pocala fumis. nothing better than a Pipe of it for this effect, taken btwixt while. To those to whom it's offensive taken alone, may add thereunto some Ten leaves or Catechu, to qualify the ingratefulness thereof, and render it in-offensive taken Pipe-wise. This warms the Stomach without mixing any Heterogeneous Body with the Waters, that may obstruct their distribution and passing, for it rarefies the Pores and Meatus in order thereunto. It's observed that in some, the Waters being drunk at the Fountain Head; either by the inclemency of the Wether, or indisposition of the Patient, will not easily pass, but remain too long in the Body, to their great prejudice and detriment: To these Persons my advice is, to drink 'em in their warm Bed, without sleeping, (which hinders all Evacuation) for as I said before, the gentle heat of Bed dilates the passage, and consequently the distribution of the Waters is much facilitated. The Regimen which is observed in Eating and Drinking at those Waters, is as followeth. First, Eschew all gross and obstructive Meats, as Pork, Beef, Duck, Pudding, Sausages, all Fried Victuals, as Eggs, Collops of Bacon, most sorts of Fish, and Salads: All Soused and Pickled Meats, as Anchovy, Cucumbers, etc. refrain from Milk, and all Milk-Meats: Eat no Roots, or any sort of Fruit, let your Meat be of easy Digestion and Nutritive, as the Greeks say, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Keep no days of Fast or Abstinence during this time, if I may advise you as a Physician, and not as a Casuist, lest I encroach upon another's Province, tractent fabrilia fabri, every one in his own Sphere. Fast three or four hours after the waters, and if at Dinner you have an esurine Appetite, take care not to eat too much, because the quantity of waters you drunk, has relaxed and distended your Stomach, therefore little eating is best according to the Latin Proverb, qui multum edere optat parum commedat, he that desires to eat much, must eat little: Avoid variety of Meats, but if you indulge yourself to several sorts, let the easier of digestion precede the grosser, and not be Postponed as the Greeks advise us, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Let your Drink be clear, well fermented, not stolen, nor sour, not thick, nor muddy, not heating, nor cooling, but temperate; all Ale is prohibited, because thick and muddy.— Nihil spissius illa dum ingeritur; nihil clarius cum egeritur: Ergo in corpore relinquit multas faeces. It goes in thick, and comes out thin, And therefore leaves its Dregs within. Begin your Meals with a Glass of White Wine; Incipe cum Liquido: ficco sinire memento Schola salernitana. vites paenam de potibu● incipe caenam. I recommend Anjou Wine beyond others, because it's small, clear, light, very diuretic, and of a singular virtue against the Stone or Gravel, and all Obstructions of the Mesentery: Yet tho' you begin with Liquids', nevertheless be advised to conclude with Solids: by this means you first wash and fortify your Stomach, and at last close the Orifice thereof, that no Fumes or Vapours arise to disturb your Head: The French, who are esteemed a Wise Nation, are always observed boucher lafoy Bottle, to stop the Bottle, lest nothing exhale; so likewise they close their Stomach with some Desair or Sweetmeat after, eating for the same intent. All Excesses and Debauchery with late sitting up at Nights, is pernicious and destructive during this time, for many reasons which I here omit, because every one may experience it easily in himself, after such Nocturnal Locubration; therefore, bibas ut vivas, sed non vivas ut bibas: drink to live, but not live to drink. To change your Linen often will be convenient, if not necessary while you drink these Waters, because many Sooty fetid Sulphureous Steems come from 'em, which render your Shirt black, and some other Particles obstruct the Pores of your Body, and make them impervious, and hinder insensible transpiration; which is an evacuation far greater and more considerable, than any manifest or sensible one, either by Siege or Urine, according to Sanctorius de Sanctorio in his Medicina Statica. During the time you drink these Waters, it's necessary to take some gentle Medicine every fourth or fifth Night going to Bed, or in a Morning early, drinking these Waters thereupon after the Physic hath begun to work.— Here Aloetick Medicine is held offensive, by reason it consists of Acrimonious and Lixivial parts, apt to heat and corrode the Viscera: But this is easily solved, if to the Aloetick Physic you mix some Resinous or Balsamic Substance which may lenify, mitigate hebetat and obtunde the fiery Alkaly's of Aloes: And with this correction, or preparation, it is not only rendered less hurtful, but particularly an appropriate Medicine to be taken with these Waters: My usual Pill is ♃ Massae Pilul Ruffi ℈ i. resinae Jalap gr. iij. Balsam peru q. s. f. Pilulae iij. sumendae hora somni, superbibenao mane aquas predictas ad lbiiij. plus minusue: Many Doctors give Diacassia cum Manna to an Ounce overnight, which is a good Eccoprotick, fit for all Ages and Constitutions, and leave no ill Diathesis in the Viscera: Another rare Eccoprotick and Ecphractick Remedy is highly commended with these Waters, which is Tinctura Cathartica, an Ounce of which, or an Ounce and a half given in the first Glass Purgeth cito tutò jucunde, soon, safe, and pleasantly: For no violent cathartics are proper with these Waters, for fear of agitating and irritating Nature too much, and making an ill impression on the Blood and Viscera: I know some, who in lieu of Physic will take in the first Glass to Purge them, a spoonful of common Salt with very good success, but this Remedy is not proper for all Constitutions. Those who are obnoxious to Stone or Gravel, and frequent these Waters: My advice is, that the Night precedent drinking 'em, they take an emollient Glister, and in the Morning an hour or two before the Waters, to swallow four or five Pills of Venice or Chios Turpenthine. Likewise in the first Glass to take an Ounce of Syrup of Marsh-Mallows; or let them take the bigness of a Bean of Lucatellus Balsam or Turpenthine Pills, especially if there be any Excoriation in the Kidneys or Bladder, every Night going to Bed. with an Ounce of the said Syrup in the first Glass every Morning, and an Emollient Glister every third, or fourth Night; because by these means the passages are lubricated, and the distribution of the Waters rendered more easy. Hypochondriacal Persons may take in the first Glass a spoonful or two of the Syrup of Steel, or a Dram of Cremor Tartar in Powder; and so likewise in all other Distempers, to mix Specificks with Chalybeats, is the Opinion of Dr. Willis, de morbis Hypochondriacis, and many other Learned Physicians, for in so doing, they associate their Operation against the Malady. Now as to the Animi pathemata, or Passions of the Mind: Those who drink these Waters, must be Facetious, Merry, Cheerful, Gay, Jovial, free from Melancholy, Jealousy, Suspicion, Discontent, Peevishness, etc. * Edaces animi curae solici utdines, tristitiae maerores atque ejus generis & farinae alia animi pathemata abigenda. because such Passions as these corrode both Soul and Body: impede the benefit they may reap by the Waters; nay in lieu of Health, they may catch their Death; so great is the Sympathy betwixt Body and Soul in their disorder. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: Non Sine animo corpus nec sine corpore animus bene valere potest: The Mind without the Body, nor the Body without the Mind cannot be well.— What a Catastrophe have Passions of the Mind with fear and apprehension of Death? (which of all terrible things is the most terrible) made in condemned Persons bodies in few days; insomuch that those who were before Condemnation, Young, Vigorous, Intrepid, Magnanimous, etc. were afterwards Metamorphozed into Old, Effete, Pusilanimous, Decayed bodies with Grey Hair and Hippocratical Faces, which is the Visage of a Dying Man, after being wasted away with long Sickness. We experimentally see that Women impart their Marks of fancy, even to the Child they carry in their Womb: It's observed that Physicians prepossess their Patients with hopes of Cure, to the end that the effect of Imagination may supply the defect of their Physic: A Doctor being asked the Question, why he could not cure his Mother in Law, as well as his Father? He wittily replied, That his Mother in Law, had not the same confidence, or rather fancy for him, as his Father had, otherwise the Cure would be effected: So great you see is the Influence of the Fancy, or Imagitation on the Body of Man. Likewise the effects of the Body are Communicated to the Mind: You see for Example, Valiant Heroick Magnanimous Souls by change of Tempreament of Body either there by Disease or Old Age, become Timorous, Suspicious, Pusillanimous, Cowards. [Omnia tuta timent,] more like Statues than Men, of these Hypocrates says, Vidi mortuos ambulantes: I have seen dead Men walk, their Body is a Sepulchre to their Soul, and as the Greeks say, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is, the Body is become 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Sepulchre: Corpus quod corrumpitur aggravat animam; a decayed and corrupting Body is a Load and Burden to the Soul, and by its Impurities and Feculency is infected: In ficitur Terrae sordibus unda fluens. The clearest Currents as they glide, Take foulness from the River's side. * Animus. Ad nullum consurgit opus Cum Corpore languet. For when the Body Languishing doth lie, The Soul itself to nothing can apply. Wherefore the way to have mens sana * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in corpore sano, or to be every way sound, is to leave pinching cares behind when you come to Tunbridge: Expatiat your Mind, and hearken sometimes to the Charming Music you have here, the choicest and best can be had: It's an Antidote against the Spleen. Dulcisonum reficit tristia corda melos. Melodious Songs do oft impart, Refreshment to the saddest Heart. For Melody gently soothing Nature, disposes and directs the Spirits into a Dancing, and observing regular motions: You see Music by its Influence, forces sound and sober Men even against their own wills, or thinking of other things, to actions emulating the Tune heard: Willis de Convulsione à Tarantula. Physicians, whom Almighty God has Created for the necessity, and use of Mankind, and commands us to Honour, * Ecclesiasticus cap. XXXVIII. vers. 1. & 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are here many Able, Worthy, and Eminent of that Profession, who by their diligent Scrutiny into the Recesses of Nature, are come of late years to great Perfection and Knowledge of Physic here in England, far excelling those of former Ages, wherein Physic laboured under a dying Hippocratical Face; and in Cimmerian Darkness: These Doctors are in this place ready to assist with their Learned Prescription and Wholesome Advice, according to the exigency of every one, in order to their Health, and Methodically drinking the Waters.— Many Learned Divines and Spiritual Guides are not here wanting, whom you may freely consult and make choice of according to your Inclination, in order to the good and safety of your Soul. Here are Women whom they call Dippers, ready to fill you Glasses of Water. Confestim advolitat, quae pocula porrigat ultrô Plena perennis Aquae, quam Fons sine munere donat. Qualem nec Latium novit, nec Graecia iactat: Illa beat siccos faecunda stirpe parents. Deciduumque facit, post funera vivere nomen, Illa domat febres, & si male calculus haerens. Renibus aut peni languentia viscera torquet. Illa fugat, pellit curas, & nubila menti, Discutiens, aptat Doctis, sacratque Camaenis. With winged speed one to you Glasses brings, With Water filled, free as the Living Springs; Whose Fame far above Rome's or Greece's Rings. This blesseth Parents with a Fruitful Race, That even Death itself cannot deface. This Waters, Fevers and the Stone cashiers, That vexed the Shaft and Kidneys many years. This chaseth Sorrow, clears a cloudy Mind, Fits it for Learning; which with Muses joined, All here a Seat, and Temple too, do find. The Air, which to the Preservation of Man's Life, nothing's more necessary, as Philosophers all agree, (and the derivation of the very word Air, from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spiro denotes the same, being Composed of two Vowels, Alpha and Omega, as Principium & finis Vitae, which is the beginning and end of Man's Life;) is here Clear, Serene, Lucid, void of any stinking Mephitis or Damps arising from Boggs or Fens, which may occasion Epidemical Distempers in the Blood, but to the contrary, the whole Ambient of the Horizon is filled with an inexhaustible Series of Odoriferous and Fragrant Effluviums, incessantly exhaling from sweet scented Herbs and Plants that grow in these parts. The Air thus embodied, we perpetually inspire, which arise, and Analogically speaking, Spiritualise our Minds far beyond all Exotic either Natural or Artificial Perfumes. Moreover, at Tunbridge you find conference with Eminent and Famous Wits, which is the most Fruitful and Natural Exercise of the Mind; the use of which is more sweet than any other action of our Life: The Study of Books is a Languishing and Feeble motion in respect of it: For what is delivered Viva Voce, with a Lively Voice, makes a deeper Impression in the Mind, and consequently more advantageous than Reading: Sic variis animum studiis Tunbrigia mulcet ut vix absentes possis lugere Penates. Much more may be said of the various and manisold Benefits and Comforts you may receive at Tunbridge, which I now supersede, hoping these I mentioned, are Allurements strong enough to invite, if not a Magnetism to draw Men thither. It's rare to Write any thing to that perfection, as to rescind the occasion of all objections from Cavillers: Wherefore what I have said of the Virtues of these Waters, would not be sufficient if I do not obviate also such Objections as may raise Scruples in the minds of these who make use of them. The First Objection is, That many soon after drinking of these Waters, died; and that others by the use of them, receive no benefit: Whence they infer these Waters to be Improper, Noxious, Lethiferous, and not fit to be drunk by Men. Vina bibant homines, animantia caetera Fontes, Absit ab humano pectore potus Aquae. Let none but Cattle Water drink, That, fit for Men, no Man can think. As for the first Objection, I confess one may die soon after taking Waters, and so may he after taking any thing else: Not that the Waters duly prescribed, are occasion of Death, but through Irregularity, Disorder, or neglect of something that was to be done in order to the taking of them, Death may ensue; Nay Men may die immediately or soon after taking things indifferent in themselves, and void of any Medicinal or Alterative quality, as for example, after eating Bread and Butter, or drinking a Glass of Wine: It doth not therefore follow that this last thing they eat or drunk cause their Bane, and that no Man ought to eat or drink any more of this kind of Food. Secondly, Some of those who drink Waters, may have a Malady of Cacoethes' Nature, or of such a contumacy and so far radicated, that it illudes all Energy of Chalybeats or any sort of Physic. * Non est in Medico semper, relevetur ut aeger nam Doctâ interdum plus valet orte malum ovidius. It does not follow therefore that this Martial Remedy is ineffectual in its self in order to cure other Maladies of a different Nature; by reason of the impregnable habit and rooting of some incurable Distempers: Non defamanda praesidia quae aliis profuere Celsus. Remedies which have done others good, are not to be undervalved; * Actiones activorum sunt in subjecto disposito. they exert their Operation according to the disposition of the subject on which they work: The Sun for example with the same heat melts the Wax and hardens the Clay, Lincus ut hic durescit & haec ut cera liquescit uno eodemque igne.— Virgilius, and by this reason that which is one Man's Meat, may prove another's Poison. So likewise these Waters, if used with a Physicians Advice, and due consideration, prove Effectual and Salubrious: But taken without it, and by an indisposed or unprepared Bodies, may be Noxious and sometimes Morti-ferous: Wherefore, since all things do not agree with all Persons; nay, nor the same thing always, or a long time with the same person, therefore the careful Observation and daily Advice of a Prudent Physician is here necessary, that by Indications taken from things that do good or hurt, the Method of Cure may be rightly ordered, and now and then changed. Willis, Capite de colico. These Waters kill and expel all manner of Worms, engendered either in the Stomach, Intestines, Matrix, or in any other part of the Body.— Ryetius, in his Observations of the Spaw-Waters, makes mention of a Woman, who laboured a long time with a Chronicki Distemper under the Doctor's hands, without receiving any benefit by all their Prescriptions and Physic that she had taken; was at last advised to Chalybeat-Waters, and by drinkig of them with Method and Continuance, avoided several Worms of divers Shapes, Figure, and Longitude, and was perfectly Cured. They are a Polychrest Remedy, serving for many uses and intentions; they both Loosen and Bind; Cool and make Hot; Dry and Moisten: Cure Distempers of divers State and Origen, nay, of contrary Natures and Dispositions, (as I said before.) Certainly a perfect Knowledge of their Idiosyncrasia and Properties would reduce Physic to a narrower compass, and to Prescribe well the Stadium Chalybeatum, or Chalybeat course would make the Studying of so many Volumes of the parts of Physic unncessary, for by the help of these Waters, we prolong Man's life by a more facile and easier means than has hitherto been known, Veritas ex puteo exathlanda. Truth must be drawn out of a Well. Provocat haec leniter Tunbrigia menstrua pridem, Suppressa, & nimium sistit ubi illa fluunt. Nostraque suppressos ut provocat ipsa vicissim, Immodicos Fluxus sic quoque sistit Aqua: Stringunt quippe suâ vi lymphae five relaxant, Frigore tum corpus sive calore juvant. Ecquis idem Medicamen eodem in corpore credat, Adversa inter se pellere posse mala! These Water's Virtue have to open and close, What may be called the Females Monthly Rose. These Waters loosen, and as firmly bind, As in all Fluxes any one may find. By their own virtue strengthen and relax, Both heat and cool, dry Clay, and harden Wax. 'Tis strange that in one Body the same thing Should cross-grained Maladies to cure bring. Ecce quam sint Naturae Omnipotentis Dei, prudentia & potestate ductae, admiranda opera quae Aquae istius limpidae at purae beneficio tot, tamque inter se contrarios morbos curate, id quod ars Medica sine Corporis noxä prestare nequit.— Ryetius in his Observations de Aquis Spadanis. Behold the Wonderful Works of Nature, guided by the Prudence and Power of the Almighty God, that by the help of a limpid and clear Water, she cures manifold, nay contrary and opposite Maladies, which the Art of Physic without great detriment to the Body, cannot do. To accelerate and promote the passing of these Waters by Urine, Ryetius advises some Drops of Spirit of Vitrol to be Instilled into their Glasses of Water, for Acids being endowed with a Diuretic and Penetrative Faculty depose the Serum, and conveys it to the Reins, to be sent forth by the ureters. To promote Evacuation by Siege, he adviseth to mix some common Salt in Powder with the Waters, and a Dram to every Pint, more or less, proportionating the quantity to the bearing of the Patient. This gently expels the lose matter contained in the Ventricle and Intestines, Purgeth Viscous Phlegm adhering to their Tunicles and Bilous Humours from the Pancreatic passages: But it's not to be taken indifferently by all Persons. Dum juga montis aper, dum flumen Piscis habebit, Anchora fonsaegris, hic sacra semper erit; Ut bibat accurret (rumpantur ut ilia Codris) Germanus, Scotus, Belga, Britannus Iber, Hinc Populus Floret, crescet Tunbrigia, quidquid. Bellum destruxit, mox reparabit Aqua. Whilst Boars on Mountains shall abide, Or Fishes in the River glide; So long both sure and uncontrolled, Will last this Health-firm Anchor-hold. This Drink (let Codrus burst with rage) Will English, Scotch, and Irish Sage, With Germane, French, and Dutch engage. Hence People's Glory, Tunbridge praise, What War thows down, Water will raise. Thus much for Chalybeats, to comply with Your Honour's Solicitations, hoping this rude Essay upon a Baren Subject, may be cultivated by other Philosophers and Physicians better qualified to the benefit and advantage of Mankind, especially to Your Honour's Satisfaction and Welfare; whom Almighty God the Everlasting Fountain and Source of Living Waters, preserve with long Life and Health in this World, and grant immarcescible Laurels in that which is to come; which is the earnest and unfeigned desire of, My LORD, Your Honours Most Humble, and Obedient Servant, P.M. M.D. ERRATA. PAge 3 in the Marginal Note against l. 7. for dissoluunt r. dissolvit. ibid. against l. 8. for corrigunt r. corrigit. l. 10. for Fredericus r. Fridericus. l. 8.19. deal Because. ibid. against l. 27. for magna r. magno. p. 4. l. 9 for Peccaturque r. Pacaturque. Marg. l. 3. for fermentorum r. fermentum. l. 9 for redintegrant r. redintegrat. l. ult for Fredericus r. Fridericus.