ARMILOGIA SIVE ARS CHROMOCRITICA.  
THE Language of Arms BY THE COLOURS & METALS: BEING Analogically, handled according to the Nature of Things, and fitted with apt Mottoes to the Heroical Science of Heraldry in the Symbolical World.  
WHEREBY Is discovered what is signified by every Honourable Partition, Ordinary, or Charge, usually born in Coat-Armour, and Mythologized to the Heroical Theme of HOMER on the Shield of ACHILLES.  
A WORK of this Nature never yet extant.  
By SYLVANUS MORGAN Arms-Painter.  Est aliquid prodire tenus, si non datur ultra. 
LONDON. Printed by T. Hewer for Nathaniel Brook at the Angel in Cornhill, and Henry Eversden at the Greyhound in S. Paul's Churchyard, 1666.   

 blazon of arms 
HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE  
DISPONIENDO ME NO MUDAN DO ME.    

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE EDWARD Earl of MANCHESTER, etc. Lord Chamberlain to the King's most Excellent MAJESTY, one of the Commissioners for the Office of Earl-Marshal of England, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, and one of his MAJESTY'S Privy Counselors, etc.  
Right Honourable,  
THis Arrogant desire of mine, grounded more on your Heroic Virtues, than my private Ends, promiseth me your Honour's Acceptance of this Expression of myself in these Faculties; not much besides my Profession, indebted more to love then ability, sets my ambition a pitch higher than my nature, in presuming to present to your Honour's hands these unworthy labours. The Language of your Arms speaks you every way a good Patron, the Griffon representing a good Guardian, the Eagle a noble Precedent, and the Lozengies are Symbols of Nobility; the quickness of whose Lustre shows from what Rock they were hewn. Vouchsafe then, Great Mount-acute, as the generous Eagle, at once, to view and protect, under the wings of your Honour's Name, this Infant of mine, which was consecrated yours in the first Conception, wishing it no other fate, then that if it deserve not to live with your Name and Memory, it may die by the Marshal Law of your dislike: and though for the want of that Law many have sown Dragons teeth, Crescitque seges clypeata virorum, this Land hath abounded with Men Armed, assuming to themselves these Ensigns of Honour: yet seeing your Eagle seems to resume her youthful habit, and triumph over Time and Ruin, and the best part of my Endeavours stand engaged to your generous Fraternity, I hope your indulgent Pardon and Acceptance, choosing much rather to lay myself down at your Honour's feet, then to be brought before you as a Criminal to Honour, who always was  
Your Honours in all Duty and Service to be commanded, SYLVANUS MORGAN.   

To the READER.  
A Gentleman of the first Head, 
Hermaelogi●  saith one, (except while the Spaniard swells, in being the Son of his own right hand) is seldom known to refuse the Herald, more than the Nobles of Rome could Virgil, after he had so solemnly sung their Extraction from Elysium; and Caesar's from the Gods.  — Deus Nobis haec otia fecit. 
Aeneid. 6.  
And, if in my Armilogia I have seemed to gratify all, and flattered many, by the opinions of Good Bearings; I hope they will bear also with Me, if I take Leave to talk of whole Fields of Gold and Silver possessed by the Heroes: I hope they will accept of the Golden Branch from Sibylla; Painters and Poets are to be excused upon Ben Jonson's account; 
— Poet never Credit gained  
By writing Truth; but things like truth well feigned.  
Mira canunt, sed non credenda Poetae.   
There were three most noted Epoches, or Computations of Times amongst the Ancients; higher than which Profane Story gives no light.  
The first was the Expedition of the Argonauts to Colchis for the Golden Fleece, 
Dr. Symson.  which happened in the fifteenth year of Gideon, and of the World 2743: and before our Saviour 1260.  
The second was from the Theban War, which was 42 years after: and the last from the Trojan War, which was undertaken by the Greeks', in the 19th year of jair, Judge of Israel, in the year of the World 2812, before Christ's time 1191: These three Memorable Expeditions administered Matter to the Heroic Muses of divers famous Wits; the Gests of the first were celebrated by the Greek Muse of Apollonius Rhodius, and by the Latin of Valerius Flaccus; the Theban War was sung by the Sublime Papinius Statius; and the Trojan War was the Theme of the Great Homer, a Subject of Arms and Blazon.  
Shields Thickened with opposed Shields, Targets to Targets Nailed,  
Healmes stuck to Healmes, and Man to Man, grew they so close assailed.  
And afterwards imitated by Virgil, the Prince of the Latin Poets, in whose Aeneis you have a Pattern of Virtue, and of Arms, the Ensigns of Virtue and Nobility; Mille vides Galeas, Clypeosque, insignia mille: you have also in Homer the Lineal Genealogies of Greeks and Trojans, wherein Aeneas himself Sings his Genealogy from jove, which Married Electra, Sister of Morges, King of Italy; which Jupiter was called Cambo Blascon, and was King of Italy, by the Gift of Morges his Wife's Brother; he was Son of Atlas, or Ketim, or Jupiter of Crect, called Italus; he was the Son of Dodoneus, who was called Saturn of Crect; and he was the Son of Tharsus, who was the Son of Ketim or Helisan; he was the Son of Javan, Father of the Grecians, whom Berosus calleth jon; and javan was Son of japhet, second Son of Noah; he was also called japetus: and the Britain's, by their ancient manner of Fight, seem to derive their Genealogy from Aeneas, as well as the English, who claim to be descended of the ancient Saxons: and though I have heard that bruit of Brute cried down by many, well seen in Antiquity, as well as the Tale of Troy; yet Virgil being so perfect an Idiom of Heroical Actions, I cannot but allow both in my Herauldy: Though I must confess, with Dr. Case, that Ruina Bangoriensi gloria Walliae nebulata fuit: 
●a preface ad Ethick.  And Chronologers scarcely agree, when Troy was taken. If there be any so valiant as the Greeks', as to wage War against the Britain's, as Trojans, for their usurpation of the Lady Truth, and Prevail; yet I fear they will hardly find her there: though in the Story of Jeffery of Monmouth there be a brave Theme for one that would much vindicate the Reputation of his Countrymen; and, whether the Britain's have had the same Fortune of the Trojans, I shall leave to Chronologie, 

Palae Albion▪  Aut venit, aut videt, aut vicit Brutus! Amoenoe  
Albioni impositum à Bruto Brytania Nomen.  Whether 
Brute at Brutania anchor cast,  
Coasted or Kened, or conquered last.   
Or whether the Trojans were the Planters of Italy, shall not trouble; me only, if it gratify Caesar and the Romans, as an Exhortation from Effeminacy, and stir up to Manly Exercises, it is the Proper Work of Heraldry; and Arms do Speak, there being nothing borne in Arms but may be found on that Shield of Achilles; nor any thing, of Noble Extraction, but is Sung by the Bard Virgil in the Genealogy of Aeneas; and if I have not the Applause of a Pencil, that Painting is able to teach others to Paint; I may assume that of a Coal, that draws the dead Lines, which first pourfoil the Design; which, though they be expunged by the Colours, and lost in the Picture, yet they lose not their Virtue of prescribing Order to the Colours, and giving a Rule to the Design. In Magnis voluisse sat est; Ajax wore his Shield of Hides without Ornament; horridly negligent Achilles, that had his Studded with Diamonds, was not therefore less strong, because more beautiful: none is to abandon the Enterprise for the Difficulty in the beginning; If I, like Geographers, in their Protractions upon Maps, make the same use, as Plutarch doth (in the Life of Theseus) in excuse of his Pen, draw obscure Lines at Random, and Writ Terra incognita; I may very well obtain your favour, having so many Fields to Survey (for when he began to Write of the Lives of the Noble Hero's, he could not one by one particularise the Erterprises with which they acquired the Grandeur of their Names, and the Glory of Immortals, because Antiquity, and Oblivion its follower, rendered many places unknown, many parts of their Lives hid and obscure) even my Sphere of Gentry hath moved itself round.  
Think no more on what is past,  
Since Time in Motion makes such haste,  
It hath no leisure to descry  
The Errors which are passed by.  
I have purposely writ this small Tract as a Supplement to that Sphere of Gentry, and by the way have brought in those Mottoes, used by the Abbot of Picinelli in his Mondo Symbolico, because the whole Art of Heraldry is nothing else but the Symbolical World, and every Charge on the Shield is the Language of the Creature, not understood till they were most judiciously Blazoned by the Natural Philosophy of Solomon in his words that he spoke of the Heavens 99 the Earth 97. the Elements 101. the Sun 141. Moon 142. Stars 148. Planets 141. Comets 155. Meteors 154. Beasts 177. Birds 163. Fish 172. Fowl 169. Infects and Herbs with Trees 130. Plants 132. Mines 136. Minerals 134, etc.  

Ridley's View.  Skill in Armoury, although it be a thing now almost proper to the Heralds of Arms, who were in old Times called Feciales or Caduceatores, because they were messengers of war and peace; yet the ground they have is from the Civil Law, to whom belongeth the ranging every man into his Room of Honour, according as his place requireth, only the Heralds do give Notes as it were of their Ranks and Degrees, noting by those Ensigns, as it were, the Law Civil, in respect of Treaties between Prince and Prince, in Marshal Causes, concerning Captains and Soldiers, and concerning the Bearing of Arms, as some being of public Dignity and Office, as of Bishops, Admirals, etc. or of especial Dignities, as of Kings and Princes; so lastly of private men.  
As by Trumpets and Drums; That there be Solemn Denouncing of the War intended, to the end, that all dissenters may withdraw in time: and, to divert other Nations from adhering, that it be prosecuted by just and Honourable ways; without Treachery, Corruption, Breach of Faith, Poison, or Secret Assassination; which the Gallant Romans did disdain to act, though for never so great a Victory. By Crosses and Saltires; That all Articles and Capitulations made, be strictly kept and observed by Christians, even towards Turks, Pagans, Jews, or Infidels. By plain lines; That they be Interpreted in the plainest and most equitable sense, without any Art, or subtlety at all. By Honourable Ordinaries; That an Enemy, after he hath yielded himself, be not killed; but kept alive for Ransom: that, what is gotten from the Enemy, is good and lawful Purchase, though it was newly taken from some of our own People, or Confederates; so that it was once brought safe into the Enemy's quarters. Quartering Coats; As Right to Kingdoms, or Provinces by Donation, last Will, Successor, or Marriage. Portculliss; Community, or Property of the Sea, and the Right of Fishing and Trading. By Checkers, Cantons, etc. That the Enemy's Country, when it offers to yield, be not laid Waste,  or Destroyed. By Battlements; That when a Town is to be stormed, Women, Children, Aged, Ecclesiastical Persons, so far as is possible, may be spared. By Torteauxes; Plates, Besants, Gunstones', &c. That it be free to Friends, or Confederates, to Trade with the Enemy, so they carry neither Victuals, Money, Arms, or Ammunition. By Fretts and Fret; That Strictness and Severity of Discipline, greater than in Peace, be maintained within the Camp; and that neither Friends Goods, coming in an Enemy's Bottom, nor a Friend's Ship, though carrying Enemy's Goods in Her, be taken as Prize. By Augmentations and several sorts of Arms; That Privileges be granted to Soldiers beyond other men; and that the Valiant be advanced to Honour, and admitted to partake of the Spoil, which he did help to get. By Rebatements; That the Cowardly be disgraced, the Disobedient rigorously Chastised; the Incorrigible cashiered: and, that Military Offences, or Contracts and Promises made between Soldier and Soldier, the Cognizance thereof be in the court-martial, and to be Tried by the Laws of Arms only. By Pa●●y, Bendy, and such like; Latitude of Territory and jurisdiction, by Sea or Land. By Crowns and Garlands; That the Aged and Worn-out Soldier be dismissed to ease, with Reward and Honour: And lastly, By Doves, Green Branches, and such like Ensigns of Peace; That Heralds., or Messengers, sent from the Enemy, be received, and dismissed with safety.  
And though in the Beginning Arms and Colours were proper to men of War, 
Use of Arms.  to avoid confusion in the Host, to discern one Company from another pag. 13. yet when it came to be a matter of Honour, it was challenged no less by men of peace 103. and as these signs were taken from things natural, as is noted before: so also from things artificial, as Colours simple 5. and mixed 18. divided by half 26. or quarters 27. or by lines direct cross 28. overthwart 29. wherein Art must follow Nature, as is showed in the second Chapter, this whole Book being nothing else then an account of what Silvester de Petra Sancta in his Epistle gives you in these words, Dum universam artem tesserariam expositurus, studui indagare originem ejus, dividere ac decussare Scutiariam 25. taenias & lemniscos 5. in ea varios ducere, Aves 157. Feras 177. Vndas 29. Nubes 34. Astra 145. Stirpes 132 Flores 121. Arma 23.2 Moles 209. Machinas 212. & quas non alias rerum formas exarare, aptare, insuper galeas 2●2. seu apertas seu clatratas 231. seu rectas 231. seu versas & obliquatas 231. fastigiare Serto seu Corona 122. inumbruare plumis & corimbis 168. Crucibus 76. Monilibusque 137. & Vexillis inornare munire Atlantibus 164. Denique Palliolis 232. atque tentoriis prorsus ad Majestatis specimen velare. In all which things you may find out the Civil usage of these so commonly called Coats under the military word Arms, of which Sir Henry Spelman hath learnedly treated of in Latin, and under the Greek name of Aspilogia, and joined with Vpton de study Militari in four Books, and also a Treatise of Johannes de 
* Os Guildford in a M. S. of the Bishop of Canterbury.  Vado Aureo, of Arms, all which are commented on by Sir Edward Bishe, now Clarenceaux King of Arms: but because the Title of the former doth not differ from mine, so much as Palma to Pugnus, part of the same thing more large, only the same thing perhaps much less to be considered, in relation to the undertaker, wherein I do not so much insist upon the rightness of the way, as the virtue of the race, which is directly contrary to Antiquity, as leaving the rules of Blazon to what is already published (only in the margin I have done that also) and in this, labouring to signify the occult Qualities of the Bearers; For the bearing of Images was the proper Ensign of Nobility among the Romans, Arms having took their original from those Images, and Colours being much used in civil Entertainments at home, were also used in the Circellan plays, and also were of much use in warlike Expeditions, as to distinction of the wellborn: so also for excitation of others to noble Exercises, every Chapter beginning with a several Colour, Shield and Border, with the Letter that stands for that Colour.  
Felix qui tantis animum natalibus aequas,  
Et partemtituli non summam ponis in illis.  
Now as they are things without us, and perhaps at first, and now too often assumed either without advice of the Judges of Arms, the Kings and Heralds, or upon men's voluntary assumption, it is not possible I should find out the cause of the Bearing, or a mystery in all Arms, lest like Chrysippus, in labouring to find out a Stoical assertion of Philosophy in every fiction of the Poets, I should light on a labour in vain. Nevertheless I have in some given thee the probable reason, in others the absolute reason of the Bearing, and in the sympathy betwixt the Arms and the Bearer I have bend the Shield of Achilles, as the Standard through this Work, having on it the example of all Bearings, the use of which was the same of Arms to preserve the memory of the Dead, the same that Thetis craved, and Vulcan wished to accomplish: 
To hid him from his heavy death, when fate shall seek for him,  
As well as with renowned Arms to fit his goodly Limb.   
For as Dr. Fuller observeth, that through time or sacrilege many a dumb monument hath lost his Tongue (the Epitaph) yet by the Escutcheous it hath spoke and told you who lay there.  
In the Translation of Virgil I have made use of Mr. Ogleby, and of Horace, Stapletons' Translation: neither have I omitted to make use of Mr. Sands his Translation of Ovid's Metamorphosis. I have at the end annexed a Table of the material things borne in Arms, as in the whole Field of Nature, from the Empereal Heaven, succeeding through the seven Orbs of the Planets, and the four Eliments, according to the Day's Works of the Creation, till the Honourable Man was made; who, in Imitation of Nature, doth adorn his Shield with all the preceding things; and also his adornments by liberal Sciences, not omitting his Mechanic, whereby he becomes useful to the World.  
It is a Saying of Divine Plato, that Man is Nature's Horizon, dividing between the upper Hemisphere of immaterial Intellects, and this lower of Corporiety, and Nobility, is that upper Hemisphere, bedecked with Glorious Bodies, differing in degrees (as the Apostle speaks) whereas Gentry is that lower Rank, which also are differed from the rest by Coat Armour; and hath this Prerogative in it, that it makes them differ from the base sort of People: Now, the King, as the Horizon is the limiter of our sight, and honour is the Meddal of Majesty, thrown abroad among the people, some of Gold, and others of meaner Metal.  
Vulcan's rich Present, take the like before;  
ne'er Human Eyes beheld, nor Mortal wore.   

ARMILOGIA SIVE ARS CHROMOCRITICA: OR, The Language of Arms by the Colours and Metal.  

CHAP. I.  
Of the matter of Arms, viz. of Metal and Colour, as the first Elements of Heraldry, with their Analogies to things.  
HAving proposed to myself to fix the dignity of Coat Armour, 
Ten, a Border Gobonated, Sable and Argent.  whereby it might be brought into a rule, so as to distinguish the goodness of one Coat from another, hitherto not treated of by any Arms, being ordained at the first for order sake, wherein Nature itself doth plainly demonstrate, that there is Nobility of kind. I have therefore taken to myself Naturam ducem, intending plainly to demonstrate the principles of Nobility or Noscibilis, remarkable or notable from the essential dignities and rebatements, that by long experience have been discerned to be eminently good or bad bearings, either according to the nature of the natural Charge, or Created being, or happening through the coherence of the Colour, or Metal, Line, or Charge.  
Colour upon Colour is false Heraldry, and was palpable even at the first Creation, when darkness was upon the face of the deep: for that was Colour without a Metal; 
When Jove hides Heaven in Clouds, and sullen Night  
Makes no distinction 'twixt the Black and White.   
Metal upon Metal is false Heraldry, because they invade each others dignity, both OR and ARGENT, being of celestial extraction, and in their own Houses have more essential dignities then in each others; for then there is a Metal without a Colour.  
Frigida cum calidis pugnant, humentia siccis,  
Mollia cum duris, sine pondere habentia pondus.  
Now because Heraldry is conversant about the very same things as Nature is (a Gentleman being no other than a Son of the Earth, yet is raised by the same degrees) I shall first propose as our Learned Countryman in his Glass of Universal Causes hath done, dividing the Field of Nature Actu divino repletae, God having filled the Shield of the Universe (or as we say he beareth the Field Charged) with either Animal, Vegetative, or Mineral Bodies. I shall endeavour to show both the rise, increase, and vigour of every bearing, as also the decrease, termination, and fall in its next cause; so that in this Chapter, I shall first show the Esse Materiale, in the constitution of Colours, and in the next the Esse Formale the disposition of Lines, and then proceed to the Nexus Materiae cum forma.  

Dr. Brown's Vulgar Error.  [The Field is] that is to say, the Colour of the Shield; Colour being nothing else in general, but that under whose gloss and varnish are all things seen, of which no man yet hath beheld the true nature: which while some ascribe to the mixture of the Elements, others to the graduality of opacity and light, they have left our endeavours to grope them out by twilight; nevertheless by those small hints Art becometh helpful to Nature, so as to prefer one Colour or Field before another: 
Digby of Bodies, Cap. 29.  For if you consider the Colours Elementarily, than the Black or SABLE is to be preferred Propter antiquitatem & fundamentum; but if in the second notion in the graduity of opacity and light, than the Red Colour or GULES being made by a greater proportion of light mingled with darkness, must be preferred before the AZURE or Blue, being mingled with a less proportion of light mingled with darkness, as may be seen by the following Scheme; and consequently VERT or Green, being compounded out of two original Colours, becomes by that mixture the lower degree of Dignity; so that what we understand by the colour of the Shield or Field, is nothing else then the power that that body hath of reflecting light unto the Eye in a certain order and position, being the very superficies of it; and the reason why no Coat of Arms can be said to be good without Metal, is because Light of all all things in the World is the most powerful Agent upon our Eye, either by itself, or what cometh in with it; 
Digby of Bodies. Boils Experimen.  for where Light is not, Darkness is, all agreeing that Colours are inherent and real Qualities, Light doth but disclose, and not concur to produce. White things are generally cold and dry, and are therefore by Nature ordained to be receptacles and conservers of heat and moisture, as Physicians note; and so naturally the Fire or heat flies uppermost, and is above the Air, that having a degree of moisture more than it: Contrariwise Black, and Green, which is near of Kin to Black, are growing Colours, and are the die of heat incorporated in abundance of wet. The Chemists, (those Spiritual Heralds) do deliver, that the Salt of natural Bodies doth carry a powerful stroke in the Tinctures and Varnish of all things, yielding delectable and various Colours; and as Nature is ingenious and subtle in all her operations, so she hath left an Art endowed with the like subtlety and industry; for Heralds after the example of Chemists, finding that nothing can display its own virtue, until the confusion of the excrements and impurities be throughout banished, have made choice as it were (after the example of Nature) of Water and Fire her Coadjutors in the Generation of Metals, which are so much the more perfect, as they have been better mundified and digested in the stomach of the Earth. Hence it is that OR and ARGENT is preferred among Metals, and GULES, AZURE, and SABLE among the Colours, the others of VERT and PURPURE being mixed, and so of less dignity: So that you see that Colour is nothing else but Light mingled with Darkness, which ingeniously they have declared by rational Lines obumbrating as it were the Field; which Lines I therefore call rational, because Natura effectum suum attingit Lineis rectis iisque brevissimis, and therefore the most plain Coat is the most honourable: and because Colour & Lux sub eodem sunt genere, ergo apta sunt in se agere, as you shall plainly perceive by this Scheme of Colours, described by Kercher in his Ars Magna, lib. 1. cap. 2. and Analogized, wherein the prime Original Colours are opposed by the mixed.  


Homer.  Neptunum contra bellabat Phoebus Apollo,  
Adversus Martem certabat Pallas Athenae.   

Phoebus' Apollo there with Neptune jars,  
Pallas of Athens foul with Mars at Wars.    color chart 


ARGENT  
SABLE  
CINERIUS  
VERT  
FUSCUS  
INCARNATUS  
OR AUREUS  
PURPURE PURPUREUS  
SUBRUBEUS  
SUBAIBUM  
SUBCAERVIEUM    


ALBUS 

Lux pura  
Lux  
Dulce  
Ignis  
Pueritia  
Intellectus  
Deus      


FLAVUS 

Lux tincta  
Umbra tenuissima  
Dulce temperatum  
Aer vel Aether  
Adolescentia  
Opinio  
Angelus      


RUBEUS 

Lux colorata  
Umbra moderata  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  
Aurorae medium  
Juventus  
Error  
Homo      


CAERULEUS 

Umbra  
Umbra densa  
Acidum  
Aqua  
Virilitas  
Pertinacia  
Brutum      


NIGER 

Tenebrae  
Tenebrae  
Amarum  
Terra  
Senectus  
Ignorantia  
Planta.      
Though Black be in the last place, yet because it is the foundation of Matter, it is accounted Honourable; and according to the Stoical Principle of the beginning of the World, by reason it doth proceed as it were from the Hyle or confused matter, it is accounted but the base point, without being joined with Metal, so that every Colour without Metal is Essence without Quality, and Quality is more or less noble accordingly.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
Through twenty holes made to his Hearth at once  
Blew twenty pair, 
Hom. Il. lib. 18.   
That fired his Coals sometimes with soft,  
Sometimes with vehement Air.  
It is the Note of Power, Constitue rem in sua claritate, & restitue figmentum in suum locum: and presents magnanimity; it is debased by being mingled with Azure, and so produceth the Purple, and with Black the Subrubeus, and it is exalted by the Martial Man. The Azure being preferred among Ecclesiastical Persons, as one saith, Multum convenit Episcopis & caeteris viris Ecclesiasticis, being fit for contemplative Persons, Quia per ipsum representatur nobilis Aer.   blazon of arms 
Blue Seas the figured Skies, the Moon unhorned,  
The Heaven with all its sparkling fires adorned.   blazon of arms 
Under the Wind below in SABLE shade  
There the Black winged Night her first Egg laid.   blazon of arms 
Of humane life a Scheme to us propose 
Virgil.   
Of Virtu●s path on the right hand doth lie.  
This way tending to Generation is called Bendy Dexter, when that on the left hand tending to Corruption becomes the Colour of Mourning, as the same Poet notes, 
— From its Summit the deluded fall,  
And dashed 'mongst rocks find there a Funeral.   
The Green is the sacred Colour among the Turks, who expect carnal delights in green Fields; it is much affected by young persons, because Pallent omnis amans, & hic est Color aptus amanti.  
Of itself it signifies Bountifulness in God, Spiritus Jehovae implet orbem terrarum. It hath its Exaltation by participating of Gold, becoming thereby most glittering, representing that felicity which the Heroes enjoy in the Elysian fields, at whose entrance Aenaeas fixed his golden Branch.  

Largior hic campos aether & lumine vestit  
Purpureo.—   

Which larger skies clothed with a Purple Hue.   
Purple being of a magisterial Dignity and Honour, yet coming so near to Mourning, that it is not esteemed in the Shields of the Nobles, it being a Colour of an ill Omen; as Aeneas is said to cover the body of Mysenus with 
Purpureaesque super vestis velamina nota,  
And over him his Purple garment spread.   
Which ever since hath been the Mourning for Kings. Where the Field is Metal, it is as the Light; and where it is Colour, it is as the Splendour; the one as the first Light, and the other as the second. And what is expressed by these Colours and Metals, is nothing else then to strive to excel in Virtue; the Argent Piety, the Or Justice, the Gules Magnanimity, the Azure Prudence, the Vert Temperance, the Black Fortitude, the Purpure having Sparks of Magnificence, hath a tincture of all the Elementary Parts of the world, of Spirit, Fire, Aire, Water and Earth, understood severally under the names of Jupiter, Vulcan, Minerva, Oceanus and Ceres.   blazon of arms 

— Quos ignea Virtus 
Lucan.   
Innocuos vita patientes aetheris imi  
Fecit, & aeternos ànimum collegit in ignes:   

— Whose virtuous ardour guided well,  
On earth, in everlasting glory dwell.   
The Agatho-Demon was that letter by which the Egyptians did signify Bonus Ager, & was the same from which the Greeks borrowed Δ which was that space of ground in the field that was taken in, when the bird Ibis stepped along, the legs extended, meeting in the twist, form a Triangle, whence was the advice of a Catholic Writer, Pone Delta ante oculos tuos, ut bene sit animae tuae, that is, Set the Fields of your Ancestors before you, to excite you to the imitation of their divine Virtue, mark their steps. The Field being the Orus the Pasture or the Grass to maintain and nourish the man at Arms to forage in; and though being without a Charge, it hath Vitae Pabulum; yet consisting of Metal and Colour, it maketh a perfect good Coat, the Metal being the Spiritus or Mercury, and the Colour being the Genus generalissimum, the general and common Genus of all the Genera, comprehended under several names, as followeth.  

ARGENT 

Argenteum.  
Candidum.    
OR 

Luteum,  
Croceum,  
Flavum,  
Galbineum,  
Fulvum,  
Aureum.    
AZURE 

Cyaneum,  
Caeruleum,  
Glaucum,  
Caesium.    
VERT 

Viride,  
Pransinum,  
Chelidonium,  
Smanagdinum.    
GULES 

Rubeum,  
Puniceum,  
Coccineum,  
Conciliatum,  
Ostrium,  
Mineo,  
Tyrium,  
Roseum,  
Blatteum,  
Purpureum.    
SABLE 

Nigrum,  
Furvum,  
Pullum,  
Atrum,  
Sabulum.    
PURPURE 

Jacinthinum,  
Violateum,  
Molochinum,  
Ferrugineum.     
So that Colour is the Genus, and is Notio ad plures differentias pertinens, and all these words among the Latins do but declare a different tincture of the same original Colours; wherein the Salts, the Colours of Bodies are sensibly qualified, and receive Degrees of Lustre or Obscurity, 
D●. Brown  and is dispersed both in Animal, Vegetal, and Mineral Bodies, all which Heralary is conversant about, & takes there three sorts of Blazon; that of Planets from the first, the Blazon of Colours from the Vegetative, and by Precious Stones from the Mineral: So that Blazon is no other than apt Phrases to signify powerful Nature, arming Mercury with wings, to show his readiness and volatile Nature, by which he mounteth to Heaven, and after descends to acquire and obtain the virtue of things both superior and inferior, qualifying every Bearing answerable to the Bearers: 
Igneus est illis vigour, & coelest is origo, etc.  
Whose seeds have fiery vigour, heavenly Spring,  
So far as Bodies hinder not with fullness,  
Or earthly dying member clog with dulness.   
So that to be full of Charge, is to be empty of Honour; for that which is to be a Sign or an Armorial Mark to a Man, aught to be very conspicuous, and easy to be discerned, which is impossible without Light, and where it is clogged with fullness. So that the plain Coat is accounted best, Quia potest in loco distantiori & remotiori perspici & videri. Now there was three ways of propagating knowledge; by representative Symbols, by Speech, and by Letters, which three ways are made use of in this Heroical Science, Arms being nothing else but the Symbolical way of knowledge by Colours, and Blazon, apt expressions by Speech, and the third way by Letters. As by O, we understand OR, which is the Colour of the Sun, the Symbol being the same among the Egyptians, and was called Mundi Dominus. By A we understand Argent, id est, Bonus Daemon, this Letter representing the Wings of Divine Love, opened downward: by G we understand GULES, or Red, Gamma among the Egyptians signifying a Rule to measure the uprightness of all our Actions, the Colour gules being drawn upright, By B, we understand Azure, the Letter Beta being taken from the form of a Ram's head, i. e. foecunditas, the Colour of Jupiter, whom the Egyptians called Amun.  

Est que Dei sedes, ubi terra, ubi pontus & aer,  
Et coelum, & virtus; superos quid quaerimus ultra?   


Lucan. lib. 8.  Jove sits where earth, where air, where sea and shore,  
Where Heaven and virtue is; why ask we more?   
By ν we understand Vert or Green, the γ Ypsilon signifying Processus inferiorum ad superiora. By S or Σ we understand Sable, the figure whereof turning as well towards Generation as Corruption, as the Black Colour tends, and so it is said to be ☽ Lunae Symbolum, Sigma dicitur Visio. By Ρ or Π Ρy we understand Purpure, the form of which Letter is taken from that grappling iron by which the Egyptians drew the body of Osiris out of the water, when it was covered over with the Purple pa●l of Corruption. The Hebrews call their Letter Elements, quasi Hylementa, hoc est, Characteres formales in Hylae seu principii deformis atque tetri superf●cie materiali Spiritu Dei aeterni conditor is igneo delineati; and indeed as Galileus saith, Admirandarum omnium inventionum humanarum Signaculum, it is the chiefest of all humane inventions. The Jews attribute the invention of their Letters to Moses, the egyptians to Thoyt or Mercury, 
Origines Sacrae, l. 1.  the Grecians to Cadmus, the Phaenicians to Taautus, the Latins to Saturn, others to the A●thiopians; and lest the Pigmies should be without, some think they were found out a gruum volatu, from the flying of Cranes. It being very manifest, that the Greek Letters were translated by Cadmus out of Agypt into Greece, 
Kercher.  by reason of the great correspondence there is between their Characters, the first column in this Scheme being made from the form of Beasts, the second being the vulgar Letters, and the third being the Affinity of the Greek Letters with the Egyptian. Ζ Zeta dicitur, id est, Vita, drawn from the figure of a Serpent Erect. Θ Theta dicitur, id est Litera Thoth, made in the form of a Serpent creeping round the Globe. Φ Phi; id est amor, made after the form of Pyramids incorporated. Μ Mi Aquae Litera est, and is made waved. XI, id 
Primaeva sisterarum Aegyptiarum fabrica & institutio facta a Tauto sive Mercurio Trismegisto.  I. Α II. Γ III. Δ IU. Υ V Ο VI. Λ VII. Χ VIII. Lunae Symbolum Σ IX. □ ♉ Magnum Ω X. Ο Σ XI. Β XII. Ζ XIII. Θ Θ XIV. Φ φ XV. Μ μι XVI. Ζ XVII. Ν νι XVIII. Ρ XIX. Ο XX. Σ XXI. Τ  Characler Zoographus Figura Literarum Vulgaris Gracorum ad cas affinitas est, Catena, and signifies Succession, which to be broke signifieth Ruin. Again, N Litera idem est ac processus rerum Elementarium, sive vegetabilium processus. O was the Character of the Sun, as Σ was that of the Moon; the T being the same as Tau among the Hebrews. Letters in Arms signifying men of much Judgement, the Arms of Toft being a Cheveron between three Text Tees, perhaps no otherwise then that of Thoth to signify his Name and Quality, the Alphabet of the Hebrews ending with the Letter Tau, signifying full Perfection, it is advanced in chief in the Coat of Drury. In the holy Tongue it signifieth a Mark, and three of them are borne by the Name of Grymes, Nullis praesentior aether. It is a special Note of God's Favour, 
Apud Aegyptios singulae Litetae singulis verbis serviebunt.  and an especial Ensign in the Coat of Talk of Sussex, who beareth the same Cross, with three Crowns of Thorn, in chief denoting therein Compassi ut conregnabimu●, and the whole Alphabet doth afford fit Bearings for the Judicious and Learned; and among Military Signs Letters were Notes of their Order, as H, Hastatorum, P, Principium, T, Triariorum. And among the Hebrews, 
Hermanus Hugo de Origine Scribend.  Aleph signifieth a prince; Beth, id est, Domus; Gimel, id est, Camelus; Daleth, id est, Porta, Zain, as Zenocia, id est, Arma; He and Teth and Cheth being so denominated from their sound, Jod, Manus, as Caninus; Caph Palmam interpretat. Lamed, id est, Stimulo; Man, Macula, and Nun, Piscem interpretatur; Samech, Basis, as Caninus saith; A●jn, Fons; Pe, Os seu vultus; Tsade, Hamus; Coph, Simium; Resch, quasi Ros, that is a Head; Schin, quasi Scene, id est, Deus. Letters being the first Signs of Bodies, Bodies being the first Ensigns of Spirits, by which outward Signs the minds of men became understood, Signature being the only universal Character, and Colour the Paper on which they are written; and because Lucis proprium est Color, ejusque perpetuus comes, cui cum nulla sit Materia, neque Colori erit. Therefore the Field of Metal, as it representeth Light, is to be preferred before that of Colour, because that every man is to prefer his own Country as the Common Good; nevertheless as the Metal is the Spirit, without which the Shield i● as a dead Letter. Where it is superior on the Field, it hath an Exaltation, because that Light overcame Darkness; and wherever there is an Exaltation, we shall allow our Dignity more than its proper place: hence it is that Metal is named before Colour, Argent and Sable being most Fair, Or and Sable most Rich, Or and Vert most Glittering, and are preferred when they come nearest to the Unity of Matter in the perfect things of the Creation, every thing having a nobility of Colour, or when or where they come nearest to the Unity of Form, as to bear things uniform and conspicuous by Metal: now if you look back to the Scheme of Colours, in this Chapter you shall find that we allow the first and chief Place to the Argent or Unity as the Form, 
Why Metal upon M●tal is false Heraldry.  and the next to the OR corporeal Matter being understood by the number two: but because both Metals are allowed, in Arms we will admit them to be both Unites, the one of the Form, and the other of the Matter: now as from one issueth two, so from the first an Aethereal Metal Argent issueth, OR making two Unites; and if you take one of those Unites for the Beginning, and another for the Middle, then there wants an end, making Metal upon Metal. Again, if you put a Unite in the Beginning, and another for the End, than you have rwo Extremes, but no Mean or Middle; for seeing Gules is the first Unity of Colours, and Azure next this is imperfect also, because then 'tis Colour upon Colour. Again, if you place one Unite for a Mean, and the other for the End, here also is imperfection, because it wants a Beginning. The formal fountain of Light gins with God, and terminates with Man, who is in the Sphere of Equality, or Honour Point in the mid Heaven, viz. Gules penetrating to the Centre of the Earth or Abyss, whose Basis is in the Earth, or Centre of Darkness, whereby Black and White become most ancient, and I have set all down from the Square of three, by adding one, which in all is ten Chapters, beyond the which, as Aristotle affirmeth, no man hath found out any number: this first is of Colours, which in consideration of the Painter's Art is no encroachment in me to write of, in which you may principally observe with the Honourable Robert boil, 
boil's Experiments.  that there are but few Simple and Primary Colours, from whose various Compositions all the rest do as it were result, being sufficient to exhibit a variety and number of Colours. Such as those that are altogether strangers to the Painter's pallets, can hardly imagine.  
Thus (for instance) Black and White differingly mixed make a vast company of Darker Gray's.  
Blue and Yellow make a huge variety of Greene's.  
Red and Yellow make Orange Tawny.  
Red with a little White makes a Carnation.  
Red with an Eye of Blue make a Purple; and as by these simple Compositions again compounded among themselves, the skilful Painter can compound a great many more than there are yet names for: so by the Composition of Colour and Metal Lines and Charges are produced infinite variety of Arms, the Corpuscles whereof they consist must be such as do not destroy one another's Texture, but remains as plain as may be. Tin calcined by fire affords a White, and Led calcined a Red, and Copper a very Black or dark Powder, and Iron may be by the action of reverberated flames be turned into a Colour almost like that of Saffron. Gold is preferred before all Metals, being the Symbol of Peace, which nourisheth Love, 
Sands Coment. Me●am. l. 1.  and Led of Poverty, which starves it.   blazon of arms 
Forthwith up sprang the quick and weightless fire, 
Met. l. 1.   
Whose flames unto the highest Arch aspire.  
The next in levity and place is Air,  
Gross Elements to th' cker Earth repair.  
Self clogged with weight the waters flowing round,  
Possess the last, and solid Tellus bound.   blazon of arms 
In our Disquisition into the formal Causes of any thing, the knowledge of the nature of Colours is necessary to complete the science, in which sense Colour is as much formal as the Line which distinguisheth the Form, and Matter as it ariseth from Unity, is said to have Magnitude, and Magnitude is no other than that which ariseth from a Point which is said to have no parts, and in Greek is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, i. e. Signum, a Sign externally made to signify that which is conceived in the mind, being the same as Unity in Number, an Instant in Time, or a Sound in Music; and Armorial Marks so much in use with us at this Day, are called Insignia, under which word is comprised all Signs, Marks and Tokens of Honour, being externally made to signify that which was conceived in the mind of the Bearer; and that I may proceed to this ARMILOGIA, or universal Signature, which hath been found imprinted in the minds of all Nations (declaring thereby the Nobility of the minds of men, who aim in these Notio●s to be immortallized; I shall next show the Ratio Formal is of every good Coat, according as it is bounded by Lines; for the Form is evidently distinguished by Division, Division being an eminent Property of Matter; now because it is most agreeable to Reason, that Names should carry in them a suitableness to the things they express, I shall endeavour all along briefly to show also the Dignity of every Bearing usually born, complicating and twisting in the apt Mottoes of the Abbot of Pichinelli, in his Mondo Symbolico, serving to express the nature of every thing by way of Rebus.  
Every Coat of Arms as a Sign of Honour is to be considered in a twofold Notion, either Military or Civil, because that Reason willeth, and Equity ordaineth, that men having done good service for their Prince or Country, either in war or peace, should be distinguished from the Vulgar; and these distinctions in the first Notion is properly called ARMS, and in the second a COAT, though indeed it is called a Coat properly from being worn over the Arms of the Commander in Chief, and Arms from being worn on his Shield, by which he did Arm and defend himself. Mars and Arms being an agrammatically one, that by these signs he might be known in Battle, by those that were under him, and knew his bearing, and so the more plain this was, the more conspicuous also it was, whereby his men were not so apt to incur a danger by mistakes, 
Reason why plain Arms are best from the use.  which the overcharging of the Coat might cause, by reason of its confounding their sight. And because the Shield of Achilles, was intended as a pattern to all other, I shall propose it as t is blazoned by Homer; but first framed by Vulcan, at the intercession of Thetis for her Son.  
To embrace thy knees for new defence 
Stapletons' Translation of Homer, lib. 18.   
To my Loved Son alas,  
His life prefixed so short a date, had need  
Spend that with Grace  
A Shield then for him and a Healm,  
Fair Greves and Cuirasses such  
As may renown thy Workmanship,  
And honour him as much.  
Vulcan having framed a perfect Shield, Homer first blazons by Mettle.  
He Tin, hard Brass, rich Gold and Silver cast,  
Amidst the fire then his huge Anvil plac d.  
Moses representing the Shield of the Creation in three terms, saith, Tenebra super faciem abyssi fuerunt, darkness, face, and deep, answerable to which, the Ancients did represent the Earth by a cubical Body, on which as an Anvil, all other things were framed, hoc est tesseram. Octo augul rum, et Sex Laterum terram significare tradidit Plato, by which figure, was represented the Harmony of the whole Sphere, having six plain Faces, or Superficies twelve lines: Eight solid Angles, and 24 plain, out of which did arise these proportions, 6 to 12 Duplum or Diapason, 6 to, 8 Sesqui altrum, or Diapente, 12 to 8. Sesquitertiam diatessaron 8 ad 24. Triplam Diapason Diapente, 6 ad 24 Dupla diapente, the Shield being first made after a square form, to denote immobility and constancy, signified by Checkie, Sa and Argent, quem deus fundavit super bases  blazon of arms suas ne demoveretur in seculum. So much for the Figure, the faces of the Cube compounding the first Honourable Ordinary, vide, the plain Cross being the exact middle point, called the Honour point, Propter fundamentum, as I noted before B the exact middle chief, A the dexter chief point, O the sinister chief point, V the exact middle bass, G surmounting the chief, the dexter and sinister base being without the limits of the Cross, become more debased, and so are less in Dignity: which eight points answers to the eight solid Angles of the Cube, as the 6 Quadralaterial sides, represent the faces of the same: the first visible Coat being Chequered, though the internal Coat was Gyrony, and proceeded from the Centre, and so constituted 24 plain Angles still answerng its first proportion, and these 6 faces became the constant and firm matter or field for every good Coat, and while it stood without a charge, 'tis alluded to by Ovid.  
Stat vi terra suo, vi stando Vesta vocatur. 
Fastorum.   
Earth stands alone, and therefore Vesta called.  
The Vestal or Virgin fire being nothing else then that pure light, without which there was no colour, Heaven, Earth, Water, and darkness appearing in an instant, 
Holy History.  as the Field on which all the effects of a most amorous and sage prodigality were to be displayed; and this heap of Water and Earth was the Object of him who alone was able to chase away its shadows, and convert its dust into Gold and Crystal; for as Bricks take their Original from Clay, so doth Nobility from mean Extraction: Tin and Brass are Metals of Alloy, while the Golden Shield-bearer is the Heroical Person, as the same Poet notes in the description of the same Shield.  
— Which being forged of Gold,  
Must needs have Golden Furniture, and men might so behold,  
They represented Deities, the People Vulcan forged,  
Of meaner Metal where that was to be urged.  
For though Honour is the reward of Virtue, yet the Mechanic may not vie with the Eldest Son of Honour for his Achievement; it is not only the Shield but the Adornment of the same, that Thetis craved, and Vulcan wished to accomplish, so as to preserve his Honour from base Oblivion.  
To hid him from his heavy death, when fate shall seek for him.  
As well as with Renowned Arms to fit his Golden Limb.  
By what you may observe in the former lines, it is plain, that the first Rule of Blazon, is to name the Field first, and then to observe the points of the Escoutcheon, whether dexter or sinister.  
On the broad Stock his tongues in his left hand,  
His right a Massy Hammer doth command.  
First Forged and strong, and Ample Shield of Hue,  
Most rarely divers round about he threw.  
Next observe to name the partisians' and charge.  
Three radiant Rings, a silver lore behind  
The Shield charged with five files in which his mind  
Expressed in Divine variety.  
Which brings me to the form or Division by line.  
Whose several files bound by the aeternal hand,  
Wrap the Infant World in her first Swadling-band.  

The Conclusion of the Chapter.  
To the Honourable Robert boil, Fellow of the Royal Society, who beareth Party per bend Crenele, Argent and Gules.  
SIR,  
THis Chapter claims a great part of it Light from You, You having given Form to the Matter: and the formal Metal laying hold on the material Colour, createth a good Coat, whereby the refracted Line maketh five Consecutions. And if the Analogy of Kercher hold good, that by Argent is signified God, and by Gules Man, your Coat represents the good hold You have taken in your Seraphic Love, by fixing both your Arms to the Poles of the World, You have brought that Light to the World both in Your Experiments of Colours, and Metalline Solutions. I must conclude, That till than Darkness was upon the face of the Earth.    

CHAP. II.  
The Form of Arms, or Division by Lines, showing the Formal Reason of every Partition.  
IN the dividing the Field, it makes it more fruitful; SAUCIATA FERACIOR; 
Sanguine a Border compony, Argent and Sa.  though the first Shield was plain NON SEMPER INUTILIS is the benefit of Education.   blazon of arms 
Among the egyptians, how much did they understand by Form? They observed eight and forty Constellations, whereof four and twenty were placed in the Southern Hemisphere, which as Plutarch testifieth, they called Urnam lucis, Osiridis regnum, dextrum mundi latus, salubre beneficium: and as many on the Northern part, which they count the left side of the world, Malignum, venisicum, foemininum, tenebrarum originem, which according to Zoroaster, is described by several Lines Pyramidically ascending and descending, intermixing a Colour and Metal together. Lucan having prepared a Field for the Spirit of Pompey, shows, 
— Sequitur convexa tonantes;  

Cicero de Oratore. Party per Fez. — Up to the round it hies,   
Where SABLE air doth kiss the star-bearing skies.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
Per Pale is the Line of Justice, balancing as it were the world, whereas to decline to the left hand was malignum venificum  blazon of arms seminum tenebrarum originem, 
Party per bend Sinister.  which is the Reason that the bend sinister is accounted spurious and base; albeit it is not so, except it be Humit and cut off, for than it hindereth Succession; by the cutting of the Line it is called per bend sinister; and while it is whole, dividing the Shield in two equal parts, it representeth the Aequator, making the Days and Nights equal, being at right Angles with the Pol s: but by reason of its Position, inclining to fall down into its first Matter, it is not accounted so Honourable. It denoteth Condescension.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
These Lines again are more or less Noble, according to the agitation or activity of the Spirit thereof; and if according to Thales and the wisest Philosophers, Aquam esse primam rerum materiam, The first Division that was made by the Elements, the next after the plain Line, whose Dignity (RECTA DIFFUNDITUR) is that of the Water, which indeed is Congregatio aquarum in locum suum, whereby the fluid Matter runs Barwise or Bendwise.  Hic Undas imitatur, habet quoque nomen ab undis.  blazon of arms 
Servius saith, That on the Grecians Shields Neptune was figured, and on the Trojans, Minerva, they being called Cecropidae true Trojans that were of the ancient Blood, who being led by the Queen of Marshals, feared not to meet their enemies the Grecians, 
Minerva.  
— Within a Vale close to a flood, whose stream,  
Used to give all their  drink, they there enambushed them.   
And a little after the Greeks having received the Alarm; 
— Being then in Counsel set,  
Then they start up, take horse, and soon their enemies met.   
Wherein is excellently described the Cavalry and Infantry, dealing indented Lines on the Shields of the Opposers, described on the warlike City; 
Two Cities in the Spacious Shield he built with goodly State  
Of divers Languages, men the one did nuptial celebrate,  
Observing at them Solemn Feast.   
Wherein first is the Office of the Herald, to record Marriages, and Civil Rights due to the Nobility, and by noting them by certain Signs of Armoury, 
Arms what.  which is defined to be no other thing then the Seal and visible Character of Nobility, which is the most glorious recompense that either our own virtue, or that of our Predecessors could acquire us. Stirring us up to the Imitation of Virtue; for as another well observes, that when men have once fortified themselves with a settled Fortune of Wealth, they naturally look upward; for though the Myrmidons trembled at the sight of Achille's Shield, the precious Metal of the Arms was such: yet the noble Bearer thereof, upon the sight of it, was excited in Courage; 
— Fata aspera rumps,  
Stern Anger entered in his Eyes as if the daystar risen.   
For beside the outward Splendour of the first City, he saw the glorious Achievements of the Martial City.  
The other City otherways employed as busily,  
Two Armies glittering in Arms of one Confederacy,  
Besieged it, and parley had, with those within the Town,  
Two ways they stood resolved to see the City overthrown;  
Or that the Citizens should heap in two parts all their Wealth,  
And give them half, they neither like but Arm themselves by stealth.   blazon of arms 

Met. l. 15  Tempus edax rerum tuque invid of a vetustas,  
Omnia destruitis, vitiatis dentibus aevi.  
The Pile that lies in the Water, is the Emblem of immortal virtue, because it remains PERPETUO SONITU, it argueth patience. INUNDATIONE FERAX, 'tis the nature of an Heroical mind, 
Brown 's Enquiry l. 7. c. 17.  ANGUSTIIS ELEV ATUR and indeed, the true Ather, though it be as Liquid as Water, yet it hath in it the fierce principle of Fire.  
The Greeks to express the great Waves, do use the number of three, that is, the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which is a concurrence of three Waves in one, whence arose the Proverb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, nay now a trifluctuation of evils which Erasmus renders, Malorum fluctus decumanus, and though the terms are different, yet they are made to signify the same thing, the number 10. to explain the number of three, and the single number of one wave, the collective concurrence of more, so by all these Lines dividing of the Fields: this manner of way is understood the watery Element waved, being a proper bearing for Seamen, and for the most part, consisteth of Argent and Azure.  
The shore they leave, and cover all the deep, 
Aen. l. 3.   
And silver foam from Azure billows sweep.  
If the Water come from the Fountain Head, OMNIBUS AFFLUENTER, and signifies Bounty, and is not drawn dry, NEC ACTU NEC HAUSTU; if it descend MOTU PERENNI, it signifies divine Grace; if it ascend, SURGIT NE DETUR INANE. So that to bear Dauncete, signifies LATET IGNIS IN UNDA, there is in it sparks of Magnificence, having passed dangerous Seas, is a Coat rewarded with this sort of bearing from the King, LATE DIFFUNDITUR, who as he is the Fountain of Honour, NUNQUAM SICCABITUR ASTU, as he is the Ocean, DEJICIT ET EXTOLLIT, deserving men are known by the Coat they bear, and though Water be the Emblem of the multitude that are like the foaming Sea that SORDIDA VOMIT, yet FRENANT ARENAE; for though Death and Hell, NON DICUNT SUFFICIT: 
Hercules his clrusing of the Augean Stable being so performed.  yet the Water is the Emblem of a liberal person, as the wise man noteth, Proverbs the 5th, Deriventur fontes tui foras & in plate is aquas tuas divide; how have the Romans immortalised their names by aqueducts. Hercules his cleansing of the Augean Stable, being so performed; that Family which among us doth bear SABLE; a Bend OR between six Fountains proper, doth employ the golden means procured by the River of Stourse arising in Wiltshire, from six Fountains passing through the Town of Stourton in Dorcetshire, giving both Name and Arms to the Ancient Barons of that Name; the Name of Small in Yorkshire, bearing a Bend. Waved Silves through an Azure Field, but in token of the River Small; and if I should search further into the Mysteries of these Lines, I should plainly find some Footsteps of the reason of their bearings: as for example, the name of snow beareth on a Fess between two Cotises Nebule, a Lion Passant, signifying, that though the Sun hath the greatest force in Leo, yet that being passed, or Passant, the Wether is inclined to more Clouds, Snow being above in the middle Region, and so forming another manner of Line called Nebule, from Nubes, which because it is of a higher degree than the Water, participateth of the nature of the Clouds, IN ALTIS HABITAT; and is the Emblem of Fame.  

Sands Ovid. l. 12.  Amidst the World between Air, Earth and Seas,  
A place there is, the Confines to all these;  
To all that's done, though far removed appear,  
And every whisper penetrates th●ear:  
The house of Fame who in the highest Tower  
Her Lodging takes.  
And as the Translator of the former verses writes in Virgil, Lib. the 4th, where the former Lines are a comment.  
— Fame grows by motion, gains by flying force  
Kept under first by fear, soon after shrouds,  
Walking on Earth, her head among the Clouds.   blazon of arms 

Virgil. l 7.  A Cloud of Foot did follow the whole Strands, Shield bearing Squadrons hid the Argive bands. There being this Analogy between this and Turnu● his Shield, blunt's name signifying Yellow, and so called from the bright colour of his hair, Blunt bearing also the head of I O to his Crest, viz. a pair of Horns. Clouds of foot signify the vulgar and common Soldier, who followed their General, who was known from them all by his Crest, or cogniscance, that 
— Breathed Aetnaean fire,  
Strangely it roars, and flames more fiercely grows,  
When in the Batta I blood in Rivers flows.   
Black Clouds do signify Labour and Travail, USQUE IN OCCIDENTEM PARIT, thus of the Bearers of this Coat that were descended from this first man, which was not content till he had brought forth in our Western Isle, bearing this Coat properly, having been by Office Master of the Ordinance; and which once kindled, MICAT ARDENTIUS, the blacker Cloud is attended with the hotter fire, PRAEMISSA DAMNA TIMORI: if the chief be of the flecked Line, which is another manner of Line of the nature of the Air: 'tis a Messenger of Peace, SERENITATIS NUNCIA. If A olus have let lose the Winds to rage's the Sea, Neptune appears, and puts the Winds in his bag.  
So did his presence calm the troubled main,  
Then through clear Skies Neptune with gentle rain  
Wheels his swift Chariot.   blazon of arms 
Bornes' anciently springing out of the Earth; and so Lilburne is as Shirborne, interpreted by Cambden, Fons Limpidus, sive clarus, whence they take both Name and Arms. Shierborne beareth Argent a Lion Rampant Vert: Out of the Eater came meat was Sampson's Riddle, and out of the Mouth came drink, he was able to testify, the Ancients conveying Water by Lion's mouths. Neither hath the Green Lion a small part in Chemical Heraldry in displaying the liquid Benefits that are attained by Coition; for the Water-budget was anciently in the Family of Bourchier, 
Spelman.  which were also called Boursor and Bousor, Earls of Bath, as bearing the Purse for the common good; Boursor aevum qui it Provinciae, hoc est, rem pecuniariam administrat; as he is called the Pursor of a Ship that lays out for the necessaries thereon, though it is rather Boursor: and so the Name seems to be the Original of the Coat, as the Kings of Castle bear a Castle, that of Lions a Lion that of Granado a Pomegranate. So that sometimes there are Names declared, sometimes Actions; as when the famous fiery Drake had girt the World, like to A●neas and his Companions, he left his Old Coat of the Drake: 
Sails struck, we row, our lusty Seamen sweep  
The Azure Pavement of the Briny-deep.    blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
The See of Winchester bears the Keys and Sword Fretted together, to denote his valour as well as power, that Prelate being a Count Palatine, and Prelate of the Noble Order of the Garter. Peterborough beareth the Keys crossed between Crosses. Gloucester and St. Asaph bear the Keys also. And in relation to St. Peter's Land-Service all the Bishops bear the Pastoral Staff, which is the Leading-staff of the Church, Great Spirits do nothing mean, saith Plutarch, Because that sharp and active Spirit that is in them, can never lie at rest by reason of its vigour, but they are tossed up and down as it were in a tempest, till they come to a settled composed life. They that bear Fretts, do denote witty and ingenious men in the Law Civil and Ecclesiastical. They that bear Indented, do denote the hardship of the Man of Arms. Mountacut●s bearing Lozenges is to show the sharpness of the Rock they climb by; and from whence Diamonds are digged and naturally form, whence their name▪ in like manner Dautry, or De Alta R pa, which was of right worth thy esteem in the County of Sussex bear the same Lozenges or Diamond forms in their Arms, to Symbolise whence his Noble Name; who can look upon the Bars waved with the ●ressants Sable in the Coat of Watterton, if he be acquainted with any Antiquity, but that he may easily conjecture that the Planter of that Family seemed to take his name from the same reason that the Pelasgi did, the ancient Inhabitants of the Grecian Isles, of whose Antiquity, because the Arcadians could give none but a slender account, boasted to be descended from the Moons. In like manner Ellis in Yorkshire have the Cross charged with five Cressants, and to their cognizance a naked Woman or Helen, with this Motto HUIC HABEO NON TIBI. What doth it imply, but some fair Woman as Helen was, was in strife for, and for whom the Greeks and Trojans produced so great a war, love of Ladies producing the Bearing of Maidenheads: 

Hom. Il. lib. 3.  That they were forced (though whispering) to say what man can blame,  
The Greeks and Trojans to endure for so admired a Dame.   
But to bring it nearer home in the honour of Christian Soldiers, who will not think but that this Coat was gained in the holy Land, when the Christian Cross was rewarded by the Cressants. And albeit Montanus derives the name Elis from whence he supposeth the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, from Elishas (eating himself in Greece) who was Japhets eldest Son. 
Origines Sacrae.  Homer calls those that were under the conduct of Achilles Helen's, as well from a City called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, founded by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Son of Deucalion: and though perhaps you may say as once an Eminent King of Arms said, That these are pleasant Vanities; yet it plainly demonstrateth, that as men gave names to Towns and Cities, so they gave names to men, and so become reciprocal; for I do this but only to hint at some reason of the Bearing, which every one desires to hear of, Lines being promiscuously drawn, and to the vulgar seem nothing without a charge or Bearing thereupon. Lamprides in the life of Alexander Severus saith, That he gave such Lands as he won out of the Enemy's hands to his Lords, Marchers, and his Soldiers, that they should be theirs and their Heirs for ever, so they would be Soldiers; neither should they come at any time into the hands of any private person, saying, They would more lustily serve if they fought for their own land; which opinion cometh next to the ancient Bordered Ground among the Romans. This manner of dividing the Field by halfs or quarters, or by Lines direct, cross, overthwart, or such other, declareth how Art must follow Nature of that which it dorh figure, and not otherwise. What reason can be given why the three Brothers of Warren, Gourney, and Mortimer, should every one bear a several Coat, and derive their Surnames to posterity, all of them yet retaining the Metal and Colour of OR and AZURE, the one Checky the other Pally, and the other Barry; But chief for distinction, as Aristotle noteth, Formam esse qua res ab alia differt, these being as it were several dissections of Jupiter's Brain by the Man Midwife, though these divisions also might have an eye to the Heroes of Old; 
Helms of high proof, the Work and Shields complete,  
With Sallow wrought.   
Checky being wrought on their Shields by the weaving of Sallow, to corroborate and strengthen them. Earl Warren had Checky in his Field. Again, Sir Ancell Gourney, who was at the winning of Acome with King Richard the First, where he took Prisoner the King of the Moors, bore Pally of fix pieces OR and Azure, and in remembrance of his so noble Achievement, he bore the said King armed in Mail, rendering up of his sword: and parted in the Girdle-place counterchanged, was given by Sir Richard Gourney late Lord Mayor of London: 
This claps on Mail which finest gold did gild,  
Then takes his faithful sword, and solid Shield.    blazon of arms 
Great stately Transomes stood a lofty Tower  
Of great defence, 'gainst this with all their power,  
Th' Italians draw, this work to overthrow,  
Became the whole endeavour of the foe.   blazon of arms 
Argent a Chief, Azure VERTETUR IN DIEM, the Azure being of the nature of the Light, RECTA DIFFUNDITUR, and is the Colour of Justice; therefore attributed to Jupiter. Sometimes the Chief is Nobile, to show the benefits we receive from above: 

Tum Pater Omnipotens, etc.—   

Almighty Aether in a fattening shower,  
Dropped in the lap of his sweet Spouse.     blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms Ornari res ipsa negat, contenta doceri.  blazon of arms 
Now what I have said concerning all the Fields before going, are said to be parted, but cannot properly be said to be charged, because there is neither Metal nor Colour predominant. But when these Lines limit a space above the Field, they do constitute certain Charges or Honourable Ordinaries which I come next to treat of, as the Nexus Materiae cum forma. But when these Divisions are charged with any thing of Sovereignty, it denotes high merit from the Prince, and are called augmentation of Honour, though it take from the first Bearing. Frederick the Fourth Emperor of Germany, giving to Laurence Hutton of Hutton John in Westmoreland, a Canton charged with a Falchion in Bend Proper, as a parcel of the Arms of Soliman the Second; for that in the Wars of Hungary he had won in the Field the Standard of the said Solyman) joined to his own Arms, which was Gules a Fez OR, between three Cushions Argent tassled gold, and charged with three Flowers-de-luce, and to his Crest parcel of the Imperial Arms, viz. On a Wreath Gold and Azure, two Eagles heads and necks in Saltire, couped Sable issuing through a Coronet gold, and were by especial favour declared to be added to his own Coat, Cushions signifying rest and repose. By what hath been said that God did in the beginning cause a double property in one Essence, whereby the one was potential, and no ways yet Enacted by the brightness of his Emanation, and in that respect is termed Darkness, Privation, Voluntity, opposite to Light, and a friend to Death and rest; and the other was actual and pure Brightness, which is termed Light, Position and Voluntity a friend to Life and Action. So that Matter without the third Unity of the informed Light could not be endued with the title of Goodness; nor can the Matter of Arms be good till it shall be able to undergo all the Changes and Alterations that the active Form of the Metals and Lines can put upon it, whereof upon it the plain Line is like the first shadow, and the curved like the second; as that Umbra prima est absentia primae lucis, secunda secundae, & sic deinceps.  

Conclusion of this Chapter,  
To Sir Henry Blunt of Tettenhanger in the County of Hartford, Knight,  
SIR,  
The Nebule Line in your Coat hath already enrolled you in the House of Fame: your Travels having made you far famous, have lifted your Head above the Clouds. Nevertheless what is now mounted in the Air, was at first in Plano, viz. Lozengy OR and Sable, as Matter and Form compounded together, for the Honour of so good a House, and is removed from its first Simplicity, for the distinction of a numerous Progeny, & the Field you bear shows your Ancestors were men of high Agitations.    

CHAP. III.  
Of the Matter and Form of Coat Armour, conjunct in the Honourable Ordinaries.   blazon of arms 
Rex Solium, Doctor Cathedram, Judexque Tribunal  
Possidet, ac Sedem Praesul Praetorque Curale.  
The Military man only being girt in a standing posture, and in the Heroical Age it was of great esteem, as may principally be seen in Homer, Qui Atridarum Balthea aurea facit, Hectoris puniceum, Diomedis discolorem. it being a reward for great Warriors and Military Captains, in which sense Joab had a reward of ten Shekels, and an Arming Belt. The Augmentation Coat born by Pelham was in memory of the disarming his Enemy in the Field, when he cut the Belt off, and took him Prisoner, retaining the Buckles on it. In like manner West, as a cognizance of his Valour, continues to wear the Chape of the Sword; 
Aulica quippe Comes rexi patrimonia clarus,  
Et me a patricio fulserunt Cingula cultu.   
It is rewarded with sovereign Ensigns in the Coat of some of the Earls of Worcester, in testimony of their Extraction from Henry Beauford Duke of Somerset, Great Granchild of John, so named of Beauford in France, who was Son of John of Gaunt. It consisteth of the third part of the Field, and is as it were the path to Virtue; TRAMITE RECTA. It is also the especial Ornament of Knighthood, Unde Militari Cingulo decorare dicitur pro Militem facere, And as Sir Henry Spelman noteth further, Tribunorum enim Baltheis conscriptus fuit Militum numerus, qui sub ipsis stipendium merebant, in which sense also the Scripture speaks of St. Peter's military Girdle; When thou wert young thou girdest thyself, and went wherever thou wouldst (So that to girt is a Tyron or Apprentice to Arms) and in imitation of his Lord in the Holy War he carried nothing in his Girdle, Mat. 10. Neque aurum neque Argentum, being nor only with St. Paul ready to be bound, but to die. Also hence it is that so many have assumed the Fez, ut accinguntur omnes operi. So that the Fez is quasi fasciatus, Girt to the holy Land; 
First Kings proceed, and Captains follow then, 
Dr. Fuller on Frontie-piece.   
The Helmet waits upon the Diadem.   
The great House of Austria beareth Gules a Fez Argent, in memory of the Valour of Leopoldus at the Siege of Ptolemais, who fought so long in the assaulting of that City, till his Armour was all over gore-blood, save the place that was covered with his Belt, and so left his old Arms, which were Six golden Larks, having this Coat assigned him by the Emperor in the year 1191. Gore also bears the Field all over. Gore Blood accompanied with this Military Girdle between three Crosslets Fitched, in memory of the like enterprise; Gules a Fez OR, representing martial Honour, which is represented by Gold that Honourable Metal, which while it is tried, NON LAEDITUR SED PROBATUR; Me cinctus Lauro perducit ad astra triumphus. 
Sil. Ital.   
Argent a Fez Gules represents MENTEM ET CARNEM. The Fez Cotissed signifieth correspondency, STRINGIMUS DUM STRINGIMUR. It is so Noble an Ordinary, that it represents both Nations, Tribes and Families, becoming good Armoury for the plainness thereof; 
For when the Tribes are fight all alone, 
Grantham's Translation of Homer lib. 3.   
You'll then d scern the valour of each one.   
And though the Bend seems to have a degree above the Fez, it being more raised up and esteemed as it is the Symbol of Victory; yet they seem to have una VTRIQVE ANIMA with this difference only, the Bend is accounted as the Scarf, and the Fez as the Girdle, both of them Military rewards, but differing in Position, and is often charged by Achievements; 
— For since I follow Mars, my warlike Stars bestow,  
Besides those Darts, Helms and Bost Targetsses Crosslets from the Foe.   
Yet let not him that putteth on his Armour, boast like him that putteth it off; for the Fez is a preparation to Battle, the Band or Belt the token of Victory, in which sense our Lord and Saviour after his Triumph over the World, 
Rev. cap. 13.  Sin, and Death is said to wear a Golden Belt about his Paps, whereas the Girdle was worn about the middle, as Sir Henry Spelman observeth: Nam haec sub vestimentorum appellatione venit; ille inter arma censetur. Zonam perdere is an argument of Poverty and Captivity; to be ungirt is to be unblessed: Ibit eo quo vis, qui Zonam perdidit, inquit.  
It seemeth to be loosened in the Coat-Armour of Masham, who beareth it Humit in token of leading Captive. Josephus in his Antiquity of the Jews, speaking of the Girdle of the High Priest, saith, Zonae circulus significat Oceanum, qui utique cuncta suo Limbo circumdat. The waved Fez is agreeable to what I spoke before of the Bearing in Sir Francis Drake's Coat. Casaneus saith concerning the Girdle of the High Priest, that it represents the four Elements in Colours; and that Fez that is, Black argues it to be the Canonical part of the Panoplia, or complete Armour of a Christian, the Girdle of Verity. It signifies also Virginity, from whence the proverb Zonam solvere, is used for the loss of Virginity. Argent a Fez Sable is like worldly felicity, LV MINE ET VMBRA. Gules a Fez Argenr denotes Virginity, VIRET IN ARIDO. Red and White is Beauty's chief Ornament, as well in the Fez as in the Face; therefore those that are without fear or shame, are said to be impudent, ALBI ET PUDICI NESCIUS; 
All Colours taking to invite;  
But modest Red, and spotless White.    blazon of arms 
For in the bearing of Arms Propria patria videtur major & praestantior. Barrs, saith Sir Henry Spelman, denoteth strength and fortitude, Viros summos designat, qui vel armis vel consiliis tutantur Rempublicam. An eminent Example whereof may be seen in the Coat of Farfax, whose Coat at first was Argent a Cheveron between three Hinds heads erased proper, denoting their Forestership at Ainestdy (hence all Coats by the Names of Porster, that have either Deer, or Broad-arrow heads, or Bugle horns, denote it to be a Guardian or Forester) But Sir Guy Farfax of Stetton, the King's Sergeant at Law, Judge of the King's Bench, was the first as boar the Black Lion over three Barrs in the time of Edward the Fourth, altering it a little after to Barrs Gemelle or broken, with the Lion over all, to signify the liberty of the Subject, which was strongly asserted (by the two Judges, Father and Son) and recovered from strong hands by their means; and to the said Sir Guy for his wisdom sake was referred the Title of the Crown betwixt the two Houses of York and Lancaster, as testifieth the Right Honourable the Earl of Mulgrave; in which respect also it is supposed that the White Rose anciently on the shoulder of the Lion was a testimony of his fidelity to the House of York. The Black Lion, saith Ferne, as his Colour cannot be changed, signifieth Constancy, Gravity, and Courage: and joined with the Bars Wisdom, Policy, and Providence, to stop the Devices and Practices of the Enemy. 
Lacie 's Nobil. pag. 31, & 84.  The silver Field is an allusion to the Name of Farfax, which in the English Saxon Orthography was as much as Fairlocks, & were so denominated A pulchro Capillitio, 
Juno.  saith Cambden. When Pallas was sent from Heaven by the white-wristed Queen to assuage the wrath of Achilles against Agamemnon; 
Achilles by the Yellow Curls she took,  
Standing behind him, only gave a look.   
The worthy Family of Barret of Aveley in the County of Essex, beareth in allusion to their Name; the Field Argent two Barrs Gules per Pale counterchanged., and so opposing vim vi; for counterchanged seems to allude to the Shield of Minerva that astonished the Beholders; 
Daughter of Jove, which doth his Buckler bear, 
Grantham 's Translat. of Hom. l. 1.   
Tell me why thou descendest from thy Sphere.   
By the two Barrs Gules is signified the force of War; 
Two Gates there be styled the Ports of War, 
Ogleby's Virgil. l. 7.   
Sacred to Mars with reverential fear.   
Barry representing Strength, Security, and Safety; so Ovid; 

Centum aerei claudunt vectes, aeternaque ferri  
Robora, etc.   

Shut with a hundred iron and brass Bands,  
There in the Porch bifronted Janus stands.    
So that by Barrs counterchanged is signified Prudence, to provide against and to kill Monsters, to whom must be exposed the Crystal Shield of Minerva (against the many-headed Monster of Treason, War, Jealousies and Fears) and the strong Barrs of Fortitude is to be, not only shut, but Barred against such Hydra's as is born in Barret's Crests; 
The Devil himself at this Hag shuts his Gate,  
This Monster the infernal Furies hate.   
Lastly by Barrs are signified Metam & limits von transiliendos, therein imitating the good General (acknowledging God the Generalissimo of all Armies) not exceeding his Barrs of reason: and though he find opportunity, yet will make a Bridge of Gold for his flying Enemy, wherein eminent is the Precedent of T. Manlius' Son to the Consul his Father, who exceeding his Bounds, though he gained a considerable Victory, and presented his Father the Consul with the spoils of his Enemies in these words; That all may know Sir that I am the Son of so worthy a Father, I present you with these spoils, which when challenged, I took from the slain Enemies. Yet the Son was condemned to death by the Father; for exceeding his Bars in these words; I think (saith he) that even though thyself (if thou hast any of my blood running in thy veins) will't not refuse to restore by thy Punition that Military Discipline which by thy fault thou hast destroyed. Go Lictor, do thy Office; 
— saevumque securi  
Aspice Torquatum.—   
Behold Torquatus, that bears the bloody Axe, to admonish the Bearers to be good in their Office, the Girdle keeping men from running from one extreme to another; the late Cardinal of France, Mazarine, bearing the Axe and Bundle of Rods, over all a Military Girdle, charged with Mullets, as a Note of his high Administrations; 
Militiae decus hoc est grati nomen honoris,  
Symbola Ausoniacum cingere digna Latus.   
Ovid speaking of the Girdle of Venus saith; 
Sume Cytheriaco mediatum Nectare Ceston,  
Ussit amatorum Balthaeis ille Jovem.   
But methinks I hear the Man at Arms all this while but boasting like one that puts on his Armour, and like Agamemnon's Vision is called upon; 
Grantham's Translat. of Hom. Il. lib. 2.  
Sleeps Agamemnon who doth the War-horse tame,  
'Tis far unfit a General of thy fame  
Should sleep all night; how canst thou careful be  
Of those great Armies that are under thee?   
So now to raise the Fez to the Bent, is to lift up the Soldier's head to the Battle with Victory, which is to bring him off as well as I brought him on: 
When on his shoulders that unhappy Belt 
Aen. l. 12.   
With golden Studs most glorious he beheld  
Which Pallas had when him first Turnus killed.    blazon of arms 
Zona suspensa ad humeros Victoria est argumentum; Pugnaturi enim ad lumbos adaptant ensem per Zonam, post Victoriam autem ad humeros religatur. The manner of a Victor being such, that first disarming of his Foe, throws it over his own shoulder in a more propense manner; 
His dying body, which the foot of his triumphant foe  
Opened, and stood upon his breast, and off his arms did go.   
The Bend by Sir Henry Spelman is called Baltheum triumphale, and is the Belt of Phoebus, who is said to rejoice as a Giant to run his course, this Ordinary representing the Zodiac, OBLIQNE ET UBIQUE, containing the third part of the Field. It is the Symbol of Perseverance, INDECLINABILI GRESSU: it never swerves though it be to the right and left; it is as it were a scaling Ladder in the Coats of Ratcliff and Culpepper, prepared for assault in the ingrailing thereof. When Jacob had seen this Vision, he Scaled Heaven, and covenanted with God, HINC NON RECEDAM. It is the Ecliptic Line of the Sons of Honour: it signifies an old Soldier; Senex ita cingebatur. And though it seem to incline, yet 'tis as constant as the Zodiac, RECEDO NON DECEDO. The old Soldier may repose, but not deviate. If it appear cottised, it's like the Sun between the Tropics, and TEMPERATE AESTUE. It is rewarded by Sovereign Ensigns most eminently in the Coat of Th●mas Howard Duke of Norfolk, who gave the overthrow to James King of Scots at Pl●dden Field, in memory of which so signal service, the King gave the Addition to his Arms, 
Dated the first of Feb. An. 5. H. 8▪  viz. On an Escoutcheon O. R a Demilion in a double Tressure Counterflory, with an arrow in the mouth Gules, which was part of the Regal Arms of Scotland, their Lion having been wounded in the mouth with the English Archery, all which was born upon the Triumphal Belt: sometimes the Bend is adorned with Golden Buckles, like that of Aeneas in Virgil: 
Euryalus, Phalaris, Rhamnetis, & aurea bullis  
Cingula.—   
Buckles being also Symbols of Triumph and Victory, and in memory of the signal Fidelity of the City of Hereford to his Late Majesty, King Charles the First, when David Lesley the General of the Scots lay before it with all his Force: after a long Siege his Majesty disarmed his Belt, which was charged with three Buckles, 
Hereford Arms.  and bestowed them as a reward for their invincible fidelity on the necks of the Lion's Gardant, as supporter to the Arms of that City, and compassing the said Coat which was Gules three Lions passant Gardant Argent, with a Border Azure, charged with Scotch Crosses.  

Reason of bearing Mother coats on a Bend.  To bear the Mother's Coat upon the Fathers by the Heir on Bend is commendable by Vpton, an example whereof is instanced by Guilime in the Coat of Latime; and where there is a reason to be given, though the Coat be more charged; yet 'tis a Philosophical Tenet, Quod facit tale, est magis tale; so that if the Bearer of this Shield claim Nobility from Ancestry on his Mother's Side, he hath a Precedent of it in Antiquity: Achilles retteats to his Grandfather Aeacus, and his Father Peleus, and his Mother Thetis, which Aeneas testifieth though he had never seen the Shield before: 
— Fame sounds thy worthiness,  
From famous Peleus, the Sea Nymph that hath the lovely Tress,  
Thetis thy Mother.   
Knowing at the very sight of the Shield which had so much of his Silver-footed Mother and infernal A acus, as plainly did declare by the Metal and Colour of the same, that he was no less than the great Grandchild of Jove.   blazon of arms 
If the Bent be subdivided into smaller pieces, it is called a Scarp or Scarf, which are said to be Ornamentum quoddam mulieb●e, which, saith the Commentator on the Iliads, were no unusual wear for Soldiers; he translates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Scarf, and not Funda a Sling, which was not so much as named in all the Iliads. When Helenus was wounded through the hand 'tis said; 
The wounded hand within a Scarf he bore it, which the Squire,  
Had ready for him, yet the wound would needs he should retire.   
It being a fit thing to hang his Arm in, and likely that his Esquire had ready for him, either as a favour of his own Mistress, or of his Masters, or for either Ornament; and so Hector appeared armed: 
— This said,  
With Daybright Arms, White Plume, White Scarf his goodly limbs arrayed.   
The Bend is the charging posture of the Lance by which the man at Arms gives the Onset. So when Achilles had shaken his Lance in vain at Aeneas, he stands prepared at a charging posture, exciting them to be sharers, and to bear Bendy with him: 
The Grecian Orders every man (of which the most look on  
To see their fresh Lord shake his Lance) he thus put charge upon;  
Divine Greeks stand not thus at gaze, but man to man apply  
Your several valours, 'tis a task laid too unequally On me.    blazon of arms 
FERNE in his Glory of Generosity saith, that though a man be no gentleman of Blood, or Coat Armour, yet having captivated in lawful WARS, any Gentleman, great Lord or Prince, 
Winning of Arms.  he may bear the Shield of that Prisoner, jure gentium, saving in a Civil war in which the Romans allowed no triumph, and there was good reason for it, because their own power was lessened; but to gain from an Enemy was the best manner of bearing; there were never but three. saith my Author, which the Roman Histories make mention to have won the Spolia opima, vid. Romulus who slew Acron King of the Canienses, 
Spolia opima us●et.  and Aulus Cornelius Cossus who slew Lar Tolumnius, and Marcellus who slew Bridomarus or Virdomarus the gaul's General in the head of his, Army that is on the top of the Pale; the Spol a opima were so called either ab opibus the riches of them, or ab opere, because it was a work, or extraordinary deed: or for that opimum was all one with Amplum. Livy defines them to be Spolia Dux quae Duci detraxit, those spoils or Arms which one general hath taken from another which he hath slain with his own hands; to bear three Pales, is the bearing of the Wiseman, Prov. 9 Sapientia domum suam aedificaverit excisis columnis suis septem.  
The Pale is taken for a Column, 
Pierius.  and is the Symbol of Stability, it consisteth of the third part of the Escoution and representeth fortitude, and sublime Glory. The main reason of erecting pillars to memory of men, was that their names might be lifted up above the vulgar. Quantam statuam faciet populus Romanus, quantam Columnum, quae res tuas gestas loquatur! Hercules set up his two pillars with a non plus ultra, as if one Hero could have limited the ocean only, between the the straits of Pallets of his own achievements: but how are the Pallets of right Reason, enlarged by Columbus, 
Pallets less than Pales.  having discovered a new world unknown to to the Ancients, and both for Art and Arms being famed!  Et lituo pugnas insignis obibat & hasta. 
He having obtained the privilege from the King of Castille, 
Columbus his discovery.  to quarter the Arms of his house, with the addition of the new world he had discovered; neither were the English any way behind in their famous long navigation, and though Hercules was a man of metal, he neither discovercd the American Gold, nor the British Tin in the Isles thereof, which was the true Casiterides, from whence that metal came to the Greeks: albeit that Pliny writeth that Midacritus first carried Led from Cassiteres, 
Howel insert of Hist. 721. Britain's known to the Phoenicians  which Dionysius mentioneth under the name of Hesperides, which are proved to be no other than the British Isles, and were known in the Heroical times long before Homer, who makes mention of that Metal in the Shield of Achilles.  Nomen & Arma locum servant.— 
He saith moreover that Metal was bought of the Phaenicians by the Greeks, and fetched from the Islands of Silly, off from the promontory of Cornwall, eight leagues in number, 145 being the same, that from their plenty of Tin were called Cassiterides, and from their site Hesperides, and so the ancient Britain's had as much reason to set up pillars to their sublime glory, as ever Hercules had; for it is very well observed, that there wants not some minds with great wings, and wits with large sails, if there were any to show the lure to them that flieth, or to open the Port to those that would launce out, Alexander called Achilles fortunate, because from himself he had valour, and from Homer Encomiums; from himself merit, and from Homer glory.  
Argent a pale Sable hath reference to the funeral Pale of the Ancients, built of Oak and pitch Trees, Homer making that of Patroclus to be 100 foot in length.  
— Piceae  
— Piceaen, flammis alimenta supremes.  
It was built in form of an Altar, whose every spark flies upward, Gules a Pale OR is the flame of a noble soul.  
Ditantur flammae, non unquam opulentior illo  
Ante cinis—  
The flames are precious made, no dust before was ere so rich, Gems crackle massy Ore dissolves.  — Et pictis exsudant vestibus aurum. 
Gules a pale Argent, what better doth it represent then as Hannibal in the Funeral of Paulus Aemilius, having first condoled his death, he to the flames commits his purple vest, and Sovilders Coats.  
Aeneas also (whom like arms invest  
By his example doth excite the rest.  
For to bear the Pale is to admonish the mind to be raised to that pitch of Royal fortitude, that neither the surprisals of Love, nor the Assaults of malice, nor the Sieges of hope, nor the Batteries of desperation, nor the the Scaladoes of Audacity; Finally that neither Arms, nor Arts, or any affliction shall force the Royal Hart to surrender or yield, either at discretion or Articles, in all which Aeneas was an eminent example. Whence came that incomparable speech of Aeneas to his Son.  
Et Pater Aeneas & Auunculus excitet Hector.  
— let thy Father's Fame  
and Uncle Hector to brave acts inflame.  
That is, stand upright to the fame of your Ancestors; for the Mother of Ascaneus was sister to Hector.  
The Pale is often charged with sovereign Ensigns, and in particular in the coat of the honourable Lionel, Lord Cranfield Earl of Middlesex, who beareth OR on a pale AZURE three flower de Liz of the field, this charge in Virgil's words, being as it were struere ingentem piram, becoming an honourable Augmentation, or an ordinary of honour: and though the Lily of the field, neither sow nor reap: yet good husbandry may as well stand with great honour, as breadth consist with height; the Pale then represents a Pillar of the Commonwealth, which because he is great will not bear the less: for can that be too low for a Lord, that is high enough for a King, the Kings of Arragon bearing D'OR a quatre pel's de gueules in memory, that one of the Kings thereof dipping his finger in the blood of new slain Sarracens, and with it drawing upon the Shield those bloody marks which now it hath.  
Pales waved represent Securitas Augusti, and he that beareth them may be thought to have done service on the narrow Seas: Pales ingrailed and indented, seem to denote him, who first assaults the Pall●sado, so gaining Corona valaris sive Palaris; the Pale is placed about the Castle and ditch, to secure the place, and in that sense the bearers are taken for Patroness and Protectors.  
Hunc cingit Muralis honos, hunc Civica quercus  
Nexuit, hunc d●mitis ambit Rostrata Carinis.  
Thus Englished by Ogleby.  
This Mural honour crowns, that Civic Boughs,  
This wreathes his head with conquered Galley prowess.   blazon of arms 
Is the Field Checky between two Flanches Ermine? it signifies a wise man, who though he be crushed on all sides with the uncertain Game of the World, yet keeps himself upright, Statum servare is to keep one standing. And among the Romans, Stare in Senatu, was to prevail in the Senate, whose distinctions were into Senatores Majorum, like unto the Pale and Senators minorum Gentium, like the Pallets:  
Checky between two Flanches signifies a wise & prudent Magistrate, who keeps the multitude in as the Flanks of a man do the small Guts. 'Tis so born by Sherington, is the Flanches Ermine, with a Star in the Black Field. It signifies a wise Clerk, and is born by H●bart. 'Tis a reward saith Leigh, for Virtue and Learning, a Bearing fit for Nicodemus, one that came by night; or if you will rather allow it the same sense our former Herald doth, it is an especial reward for Service in an Ambassage, and so with the former Field and Star it might represent those wise men who had seen the Star in the East. Neither must I forget that learned man Sir Henry Spelman, whose Aspil●gia is nothing else then the Language of Arms, wherein his Shield speaks for itself, Clypeique insigne decorum, as Virgil saith, he bearing Sable Plates 123 from the centre to the front, and rear between two Flanches Argent, the Flanches denoting Virtue and Learning, and the Plates the reward thereof; for what more durable inheritance can we leave then the endowments of the Mind, and the pure Silver Balls, whose melody sounds like the Bells of Aaron? and how are they better commemorated then in Arms, which hath the same property of Poesy?  Notitiam serae posteritatis habet. 
Some indeed make a difference between the Flasks and the Flank, implying that the first is a Degree above the other, deriving the word from the French, Fleschier, to bend or bow: albeit there is but an Anagrammatical difference between Tende and Bend, only it seems the one is bowed more, and so is proved by the Stress: 
Arcus & arma tuae tibi sint imitanda Dianae;  
Si nunquam cesses tendere, mollis erit.   
The Voider, saith my Author, consisteth of an Arch line of a Bow unbent, and is a reward for service by a Gentlewoman. So that it seems Custom will not allow the Feminine Gender to bow the Bow to the height, though she be a Virago: and the repose of a Military man is a Bow unbent, which as the Italian saith, MI REPOSO NO ES FLAQUEZZ, according to Plutarch's Morals, Lyram & arcum remittimus quo melius possit tendi: and if we give way to ease 'tis but to return with more vigour. If you do allow the Voider to the Lady, though she be obstinate, Lentescunt tempore. Clark of Derbyshire beareth the Flanches perhaps as a reward of Clerkship, whence they took their Name: and Arrow heads, in the Field, because Oratio humilitantis se nubes penetrabit. And so David's tongue became as the Pen of a ready Writer. Dakyns of Yorkshire beareth the same, perhaps as a reward of Ambassage, being augmented with a Lion of England: 'tis born by Tho. Dochen, in a field Ermine between two Flanches, rewarded with two Cottisses, as a reward of his Learning, he being a Doctor of Physic, and Student of Magdalen College in Oxford, whose Ensign is Loxengy Ermine and Sable in a Chief of the second, three Lilies of the first and Jupiter three flowerdeliz in Pale Sol, between two Flanchs' Ermine, charged with a Rose Mars, was as an augmentation of especial favour to the Lady Katherine Howard, Wife to Henry the Eighth, which was done by the Advice of the Heralds: 
He knew for what they came, Herald's said he,  
Of Gods and Men, come nearer unto me.    blazon of arms 
Made English by Mr. Stephens.  
The Theban was the taller, and had told  
More Suns than he; but Tydeus was as bold  
And equalled him in courage; gives him merit;  
In a less room there reigned a greater Spirit.  
The Aediles curales were the Masters of the Works among the Romans. And by a Cheveron it signifieth the Top-raster of an established House, denoting the Bearer thereof to have accomplished some memorable work; and if it be attended with Couple Closes, 'tis like St. George, that by the good help of his Horse killed the Dragon, that is, by the assistance of Sciences. And so it denoteth one who is a good Architect; so that to finish a difficult Structure is said Fastigium addere. And the Cheveron charged with Bezants denoteth Treasurers, Masters of the works, which among the Romans sat in Chairs of State. Neither is it any disparagement to bear any thing in Arms which may seem Mechanic; for the Romans flourishing in Military prowess, in great wisdom exercised both their Legions and Coherts in time of Peace to withstand idleness, by casting of Dikes, making of High ways, baking of Bricks, building of Bridges, saith Cambden, answering to which works are Borders, Pales, and Cheverons.  
For there is no Legion that went on any Expedition without their Harpigoes, which they called Lupi, and instruments with double teeth, Axes and Saws, with which the wood and Pales were smoothed and sawed; so that Cheverons are Military Ensigns as well as Civil Implements, and may signify either Bridges erected or dissected, according to Military necessity.  
It denoteth also Great Name and Estimation, Ut Fastigium attollere pro augere nomen & existimationem, in which sense the great and noble Name of Stafford beareth in a Field OR, a Cheveron Gules. It is called by Pliny and Columel Cantherium & Jugum: by Caesar, Fastigium: by Upt●n Signum capitale, as Sir Henry Spelman noteth in his Aspilogia. And in the moneys of M. Platorii, Hoc ipsum Signum bellissime habetur, aedes significans, quas ipse sacras condiderat. It denoteth a House and Family of an Ancient Patrimony. It denoteth saith Aspilogia the first Bearer thereof to have been a Laical Person, which if his Son had increased his Patrimony, he took another Cheveron; for by Novus Homo among the Romans was understood he who had been dignified with any of the greater Magistracies, who had the right of Images, equivalent with Arms, as evident demonstration of Virtue. The French Tresor saith, A Cheveron is the Spur of the Chevaleir: and there are others again by the Cheveron understand Ecclesiastical Persons, who wanting those evident demonstrations, and requiring them of the Heralds, hath it given him from the King of Arms, either one, or two, or three at the most. The Family of Archdeacon in Devonshire bear Argent three Cheverons Sable, having at first perhaps taken that Name from their Ecclesiastical Dignity, and now is become the Paternal Coat, and not the Coat of the Dignity: for as the same Author observeth, hence you may observe the difference of Heirs and Successors: Heirs may add or diminish the number of Cheverons, according to the increase or diminution of their House. But they that bear them in succession ought to bear them as their Predecessors; and the reason is, because Haeredes portant Arma suorum Parentum, Episcopi vero & Abbates portant Arma suarum Ecclesiarum: and if the Cheveron be transposed, it signifieth the Bearer thereof to have lost part of his Substance, but yet is in hope of recovery again. The ancient Earls of Henault bear OR three Cheverons Sable, which with the Area of the Field make seven Paths, or Spaces, which is said to commemorate those seven famous Passages that lead directly into all parts of France, from a Pillar in the City of Beauvais, erected first by B●onhild, who was contemporary with David King of Israel. But the first time I meet with this Bearing in a Shield, is on the Seal of one of the Earls of Flanders about the year 1091. for though it seem to denote the first Bearers to be men of low Fortune, yet signifies a raised mind, like to that of Fabricius: 

— contentus honesto  
Fabricius parvo, spernebat Munera regum.   

With a small but well raised estate content,  
Fabricius slights what Kings to him present.    
It also by its position may denote the General's Tent, or the head-quarter of the Army: being staked down at the bottom, and ending in a point, and therefore may justly be called Signum Capital; and where is the General's Tent more safe then in the midst? as the Cheveron is placed, from whence is Counsel best infused? so that to smite in the Tent, denoteth surprisal, that though their Rafters seem to be established, yet to pluck up their Stakes and Pales is to give the heveron, and he that raiseth a siege, may justly bear this Sign, or he that by fortification shall strengthen the besieged, whereby they may justy enjoy their houses; for this is the justice of the law Military. Quia dominum rerum justo bello captarum in victorem transfertur. And so very often the Coat which is gained in the Field, may be born on the Cheveron: albeit the causes thereof may not be manifest, as also upon all the other Stationary Symbols, or Ordinaries of honour, which have their determinated place in the Field; but what is spoken here, is but to note how honourable they may be accounted, according to that of Homer; 
Paris is now returned from the fight,  
And in his Chamber loves to take delight  
On his sweet Beds; he is so fair you'll say,  
He came not from the War, but from a Play.   
When the Heralds were sent to demand Briseis.  
— just as they went,  
They found Achilles sitting in his Tent.   blazon of arms 
As Rampire to his General power, he in the Rear disposed;  
The slothful and the least of spirit, he in the midst enclosed.  
That such as wanted noble wills, base need might force to stand,  
His horse troops that the vanguard had, he strictly doth command.  
The Saltire is principally born by the Scotch Nation, in sign of their Patron St. Andrew who was crucified upon two Trees, etc. and is an especial note of Martyrdom, as of St. Laurence, and of St. Alban who suffered Anno 286. Who bore Azure, a Saltire OR. And, as I have noted in my Sphere of Gentry, that though the ingrailed Saltire be sharp to the ascendant, yet it is firm in the foundation, and may justly be called an honourable Ordinary; for, in a Legion, they were called Ordinarii, that in a Battle led on the first Battalia: so the Saltire doth seem as it were the Ordinary of Ordinaries, and the first Leader of the Cross; and whereas they were called Augustales, that by Augustus was joined to the Ordinary; so the Saltire of itself signifies a man at Arms, CAP APE; and being rewarded by sovereign Ensign is more August and Ample, signifying one of those lesser Tribunees, who acquired their place by industry: whereas the greater Tribunes are recommended thereunto by Sacred Letters from the Emperor. So that by the By, you may take notice of the bearing of Billets in Arms, they being nothing else but Letters commendatory, or rather according to Hugo de notis Tesserariis from Turn●bus lib. 19 cap. 26. Tesse●em, a Crae●o 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dictum puto, id est, Quatuor: Erant enim tesserae olim frustilla lignea quadrata. A thing being every way square, a watchword, a privy sign or token, whereby Enemies are discerned from fellows in Arms, a Tally, whence the name of Billets, as being made of pieces of Wood; and they are rendered Letters also, for that the same word signifies Tokens or Bills of exchange given to men, (according to Livy, Tesserae nummariae, vel frumentariae, by which they shall receive a certain sum of money, or measure of corn; whereof the Tessera militaris, tabella erat latiuscula inscripta quae sole occiduo a Tribuno accepta, ferebatur ad signorum principes, rursumque ad Tribunum redibat, unde is omnibus esse datum signum cognoscebat; and the Tessera frumentaria (had) ce●to frumenti numero inscripto gratis dabitur populo. So that by Billets, may be signified Notarii Militantes if they be Gules, Notarii Secretorum if they be Sable, Notarii Principum if they be Gold, Et soli dicuntur habere dignitatem, if Argent, Tribuni Notariorum, which we call Secretaries.  
Furthermore, what the Saltire wants in the height, it hath in the breath: like Ulysses; who, being espied by King Priam.  
— he said; Loved daughter, what is he,  
That lower then great Atreus Son, seems by the head to be,  
Yet in his shoulders, and big breasts presents a broader show?  
His Armour lies upon the earth, he up and down doth go  
To see his Soldiers keep their Ranks;  
It then represents a prudent man at Arms, as is neatly replied in the answer of Helen to King Priam.  
High Jove and Leda's fairest seed to Priam thus replies,  
This is the Old Laertes Son, Ulysses called the wise.  
For by the Saltire is signified an Engine or Trap for wild beasts, and serves the Man at Arms, for his execution of his Stratagems: denoting the bearer thereof to be a politic Person, and not a covetous person, as Leigh noteth, except it be, 
Upon a Purse of Gold, War's surest nerve,  
Whose every Cross, is interested to serve.  
Ith' holy Wars the gains (alas) no more,  
Then Crosses Gules instead of Crosses OR.   
And though indeed the Family of Nevile, have their Saltire Silver, yet the Field is Red, and that for valour; as our Countryman Michael Draiton, on the Barons War, 
Upon his Surcot, valiant Nevile bore,  
A Silver Saltire upon Martial Red.   
Where the Rose is upon their Saltire, it is to denote them to be descended from the sixth Brother, of the house of Bergaveny: which house is now the prime Barony of the Kingdom,  
This Ordinary consisteth of the fift part of the Field, and Ingenii Largitor, necessity being the Minister of Policy: for if the Saltire be charged, it shall be enlarged to a third part.   blazon of arms 
Go on, but ever go resolved, 
Iliad. l. 4.  all other Gods have vowed.  
To Cross thy partial course, for Troy in all that makes it proud.  
The viciousness of the undertakers being made one of the great impediments of the success in the Holy Land: 
Fuller's Holy War, l. 5. c. 24.  where Saladine the great Conqueror of the East could boast of nothing but a Black shirt that he bore to his Grave; and that Famous General, and first Christian Worthy, Godfrey of Bulloine chose rather the Cross then the Crown: and, though it was born before in Arms, it was most commonly and generally used since the Holy War, the plain Cross, or as we call it St. George his Cross, being the Mother of all the rest; and we have it from Lucius Marinus Siculus, that St. George appeared in white Armour with a flaming Cross upon his breast to Peter of Arragon, by whose help he obtained a Memorable victory against the M●ors; which Shield he assumed for that of Arragon, adding four Moors Kings heads that were slain in that Battle, which happened about the year 1096.  
Hierom Blancas reports that Garsia Ximen●s, first King of the Suprarbienses. when his Army was shrewdly put to it in the year of our Lord 724. saw in the Air a Red Cross as it were in a golden Shield upon a Green Oak, whereupon he took that for his own and the Kingdom's Arms.  
Inigo also tells us, That when Arista the fifth King of the Suprarbienses was fight against the Moors, there appeared to him a silver sharppointed Cross in the right Angle of an Azure Shield, and that it was then made that King's Arms. And, as the Author of the Holy War observeth, That as by the Transposition of a few letters a world of words are made: so by the varying of this Cross, either in Fo●m, Colour, or Metal are made infinite several Coats. Patee, when the ends are broad; Fichee, whose bottom is sharp to be fixed on the Ground; Wavee, which those may justly challenge who sailed thither through the miseries of the Sea, or Sea of miseries; Molinee, because like to the Rind of a Mill; Florid or Garlanded with Flowers, crossed, being crossed at every Extreme, potent from the similitude that the ends have to a Crutch; and this sort of Cross was that of Jerusalem, most frequently used in this War, being Party.   blazon of arms 
England bearing Gules a Cross Argent.  
Ireland OR a Cross Gules.  
France OR a Cross Azure.  
Scotland Azure a Saltire Argent, etc.  
And so Jerusalem is the praise of the whole Earth, the main Cross in the middle attended by the four Crossets or little Crosses, typifying the Cross and Martyrdom of our Saviour, extended to the four parts of the World, Haec alienatos Deo conjunxit. Nicholas Upton de study Militari in his fourth Book accounts the Cross the most worthy of all Bearings, and to have the precedency, and making use of the words of John chrysostom in his Sermon on the Cross hath these words, Crux nobis totius beatitudinis causa est, haec nos a caecitate erroris liberavit. So the Christian Soldier runs not from his Colours, Haec debellatos quieti sociavit. The crouched Friars came into England about 1244. and were so called from wearing a Cross on their staves & backs, haec peregrinos cives ostendit, and so they went out Pilgrims, and returned Palmers; Crux spes est Christianorum, and therefore signed with it in Baptism; Resurrectio Mortuorum, and therefore born flowered; Dux caecorum, vita d seratorum, baculus claudorum, consolatio pauperum, Gube ●atrix navigantium. The Seaman can never sail safe without the Cross-yard, nor the poor be sustained without the potent Cross of Providence. Lastly, he concludeth it to be Portus periclitantium, and so born anchored. It is ●●●us obsessorum, and so born fitched: and though even in the Church of God some have superstitiously dreamt this figure to be a healthful sign, yet Suscipere Crucem is used as a Phrase to signify the going to the Holy Land, haec ratio tentandi aditus, this is the way to enter into glory; Una enim eademque ad Virtutem via patet omnibus. And the imitation of our Ancestors Virtue is a brave spur to Honour. But how many pretend the C●o●●, whose Ancestors never were at the Holy Land, or never returned to leave their Bearings to boast on. But among Sovereign Rewards the Cross itself is a Noble one, and a sign of Sovereign Favour, the Noble City of London bearing it first plain, till augmented (by the signal service of Sir William Walworth) with the Dagger, the famous City of York bearing the same Field and Cross, rewarded with five Lions of England; and that of Lincoln the same with one Lion, in the Centre virtually, as much as the other five. The University of Camb idge a Cross Ermine [charged with a Fo●k, to show the purity of those Springs of Learning: and very many Companies and Corporations, as the Artillery, the Military Societies: & by all which you may perceive plainly by the Coats the Language of the Bearing. I could insist upon many Noble Families, whose Bearing denoteth their Achievements, signally that of the Viliers Duke of Buckingham, being five Escalop shells on a plain Cross, speaking his Predecessors valour in the Holy War. For Sir Nicholas Villiers Knight followed Edward the First in his Wars in the Holy Land, and then assumed that Coat, whereas before he bore Sable three Cinque foils Argent. upsal Captain of the Crossbow-men to the Conqueror bare Argent a Cross Sable. And Painell Captain of 300. Foot bare Gules a Cross flory Argent. At the same time Seward an English man Victualler of the Camp to the said William the First, bearing A gent a Cross Florie Salle. And Stephen Son to the Earl of Campaigne, who was made Earl of Awmarle by William the Conqueror bore Gules a Cross Flory Varry. And Ivon Lord Vessy, who came into England with Duke William bare OR a Plain Cross Salle. Jeffery Botetort Lord Botetort bare OR a Cross ingrailed Sable. And in what esteem the Cross was before the Conquest, may plainly be seen in the Coats of the Saxon Kings; Egbert nineteenth King of the Westsaxons, and first Monarch of English men, bearing Azure a Cross Patonce OR. Edelbert Brother to Edelhald Azure a Cross Form; OR. Edelbred Brother and Successor to Edelbert OR a Cross Form flowery Azure. Edward surnamed Senior, Son to King Alfred, bare Azure a Cross Patonce, between four Crowns, the flowering Cross being the Emblem of future Glory.  
Athelston eldest Son to King Edward the Senior, bare per Saltire, Gules and Azure, a Cross Botton OR; Eldred Brother of King Edmond bore Vert, a Cross pattee fitched Argent: and in the Dexter Canton the Virgin in a Glory. Edwin his successor the same of King Egbert, Edgar surnamed Pacifius, Azure a Cross Pattee between 4 Marlets OR; Edward the Son of King Edgar the same Cross between 5 Martle●s. Edeldred Son to King Edgar by his second wife: bare only OR a C oss potent fitched Azure; and Edmond surnamed Ironside elder Son to King Edeldred by his first wife, bare Azure, a Cross patonce between four Martlets; St. Edward the Confessor Son to King Edeldred bore the same Cross with five Martlets: and for the esteem that the English Nation hath of the plain Cross, it is easily discerned, seeing they have always used it in their Standards and Ensigns to this day. King Edward the third joining it before the Arms of England and France, in his institution of the Garter, the Cross denoting all Divine and Moral virtue, as, OR a Cross gules denoteth Faith; HAC PACIS FOEDERA FIRMES, OR a Cross vert denoteth Hope. Seth plantavit ramum Arboris vitae, ex qua arbore deinde Moyses virgam suam fabricavit; saith, Raby Jochnides, Argent a Cross gules signifieth Charity, or a cross Sable is Fortitude: Argent a Cross Azure is prudence; Azure a Cross Argent, is the colour and Metal of Justice. for when Astrea left the Earth, she was fixed in Heaven; Argent a Cross Vert denoteth Temperance, it is a bearing of much reason, because it is right Angled, and if you please hear the reason of the bearing among the Egyptians Abnephi delivers in these words; ●rucem autem circulatam Misraim a No per Patrem Cham accepit ille, ab Adame, quae quidem nihil aliud est, nisi character Mysteriosus, cujus epe Angelus Raziel Adamum maxima quaevis Mysteria edocebat, qui Character per continuam successionem posteris temporibus per Noe ad Cham & ab hoc per Misraim ad Aegyptos pervenit, Cham quoque in usum magicum convertit, & multa eo Miracula & prodigia edidit. But should I seek the reasons of all bearing of the Cross, I should either lose myself in Egyptian darkness, or Cross the Readers expectation; Antiquity buried those with their Legs a Cross, who took upon them the Cross, and were marked with the Cross; who took upon them Sacred warfare, to recover the Holy Land from the Mahometans and Turks, in which respect the Umfrauviles bear on their Escoutcheon. Crusilie, a Noble man of which Family lieth buried Croslegged in the ancient Minster of Hexteldesham in Northumberland. The Bohuns under King Henry the First, which flourished unto King Henry the Seventh's days, bare (as Cambden testifieth) a Cross Azure in a Field OR, and they were by inheritance the King's Sprigurnels, that is, the Sealer's of his Writs. The Inhabitants of the Town of Colchester affirm, That Flavia Julia Helena, Mother of Constantine the Great, was born and bred there, being the Daughter of King ●oel, and in memory of the Cross which she found, they give for their Arms a Cross Enraguled between four Crowns, Azure, three Crowns in Pale, by King Edmond Son of Edward the signior.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To William Gore of Cambridge Esq and Barrister of Gray's Inn, fourth Son of Sir John Gore of Gilston in Hertfordshire.  
SIR,  
AS you were thought fit to be remembered in the Sphere of Gentry, So I thought it unfit you should be forgot in this Armilogia, lest your Arms should speak and tell the World, I forgot since you suffered with me (at the firing of my House) and may th' see Crosses your Ancestors took up at the Holy Land, be born by you, and those that shall descend from you, till they return to the Holy Land, which is above, where there shall need neither Material Field, nor Formal Charge, and though here we meet with Cross upon Cross, yet what hath hitherto been said, is but a preparation to Adam's Shield, being charged with the visible Creation, as Ensigns of Nobility, and Ordinaries of Honour. Your Field is the same Ground that Adam was taken out of, charged with three Cross Crosslets: and the Fez representeth the Girdle of Verity, a Bearing fit for Angels and Men; for so the Seraphims took delight to bear the Cross from Aceldama, and the Christian Knight was Girt to bear the same. Your Father's Motto was, Compassi ut con●egnabimus. Gules hath reference to the first sufferings for Christianity, and OR hath reference to the Glorious Reward that followeth, here then is your Sword and Shield in your Military Affairs in this life, and your Crown is reserved to the Life to come; for those whose constancy to Truth keeps under the Sense by the Girdle of Reason: and as you are a Student of Law, you study Reason. And so Sir I submit myself to your Trial, having brought in all I have hitherto writ as a preaexistent Matter without Form, and come now to the Works of the Creation.    

CHAP. IU.  
Of the visible Charges of the first Days Work in the Creation, under the Regiment of Saturn, or the Black Shield.  
SAble was the first Field, especially representing old Time and the first face of the Cube. But I having already shown the Matter and Form of Arms apart, and the Dominion that the Form hath over the Matter in those Forms that are Stationary Symbols, having their place assigned them in the Escoutcheon, and are called Honourable. Come I now to the Logical Substances or created Being's, usually applied as Honourable Charges, either in the Field or on the Ordinary. I purpose for the better methods sake to proceed (as in my Sphere of Gentry) with the particular Days works in the Creation. Aristotle saith in his Eighth Book of Physics, Natura non agit inordinate, neque operationibus suis facit saltum, unde causa ordinis, & rerum ipsarum, quae ratione constant & ordine. I shall take my beginning with Saturn or Time, and that because experienced old Age deservedly challengeth respect and honour. He is described with a half extinguished Light, his face as it were meager and pale, for that the best of the Blood is exhausted in the operations of the mind, and the face thereby left exsanguine and discoloured; and therefore Nazianzen calleth paleness pulchrum sublimium virorum florem, as a note of men of profound and studious contemplations, and therefore aptly by Metal and Colours are represented the minds of the Bearers; God having cemented the minds of men (saith Plato) with Metals into the Peasant, Iron; into those of Princes, Gold; and into every one else between these he hath infused their Metal proper to their State.  
Aridam vocavit Deus terram, that is the Field whereon all other Charges are to be displayed, the most ancient Field being that of Saturn, or the Earth of quality cold and dry, not altering the Coldness as a quality Active, but his Dryness as a quality Passive, so that this Field doth become a Soldier as well as a Scholar, for many good Scholars make brave Soldiers. To bear Argent and Sable is to be in his own House, and to bear Sable; and OR, is to be in its Exaltation, the one being most fair, with reference to Truth, which doth not love concealment; and the other most Rich, with reference to Nobility, said to be nought else but ancient Riches, which indeed is Occulta Qualitas in the Field of the first Day: 
The Matter first God out of nothing drew,  
And then adds Beauty to that Matter new.   
Now the Seminal Form of all things lay round, and contracted at first, but spread, when they bring any part of the Creation into Act, as Drops of Rain spread, when they are fallen to the Ground: so that the first Charge that presents itself, is that of Drops, whereof some are of the nature of fire, dissolved only by the Calcination and Sublimation. Others of that of Water, viz. Distillation and Dissolution; that which hath reference to Dissolution is those Drops which are of Water, called Gutta de Eau, of Colour White, seu aqua in lucem condita. It is of heavenly Extraction, and signifieth Divine Grace; for Rain, saith one, is the Pledge of God's favours, and Dew the Symbol of his Grace. Behold, hear the Anvil on which all other Shields are form: Haec est Mater universalis rerum omnium; quip in cujus ventre spermata rerum continentur, videlicet Coelorum, Astrorum, Animalium, Vegetabilium, Gemmarum & Metallorum. Heaven and Earth having been in obscurity, behold the Break of Day, and those delightful Colours that play upon the Water, a Day which having first received the Light, giveth glory and splendour to all Days. Behold this first Figure divided after the manner of the immutable property of Light, which is such, that issuing from the Centre, it carries together with it Rectitude. So that it neither knows nor can diffuse itself any otherwise then by right Lines, called Gyrony.  
Seraphim  


Thrones  
Dominions  
Virtues  
Powers  
Principalities  
archangels  
Angels  
Cherubims   
The Chromatism of Drops.   
The Funeral Pile among the Romans was erected with Oak and Pitch Trees, as most combustible materials; according to the quality of the Person deceased, according to Virgil, they did struere ingentem pyrum, as it were 4.3.2.1. lessening upward its Form, whereas the Pile of Matter terminated in Point.   blazon of arms 
E NUBIBUS ETE MONTIBUS is Grace and Cooperation. All Drops at first came down from above, either in silver Dew or golden Rain. The Cardinal of Turnon used for a sign or Symbol silver Drops, to signify Manna, and thereby heavenly food, expressing his desire thereby; NON QUAE SUPER TERRAM. And these Bearings of Drops, as Guil●am denoteth, doth well become a Soldier of that Christian Legion called Fulminatrix, at whose Prayer, in a great drought, as Eusebius noteth, as the Prayer of Eliah, Heaven was opened. So Samson being hard bestead for marvellous thirst, called on God, and found Fons Invocationis, Water issuing out of the jaw bone of an Ass, wherewith before he had slain one thousand men: so that by the way you may note, that any thing whatever, be it never so simple, is capable of the grace of God: and though Drops to the Vulgar, may seem to be very mean, yet therein is contained many miseries. Drop sometimes Mayor of London, bare Gut and on a Chief a Lion, to denote his Name, as well as Fame, in founding the Aquaduct in Cornhill, communicating those Drops from his Well Head, usually issuing from Lion's mouths; and this leads me to the other sort of Drop, viz. that of Gold, which are known by their weight, PONDUS ABUNDIS. Some Rivers abound with golden Sand, each Drop whereof is Gut de OR; which is golden Rain, and PENDENT ONUSTAE, Gold being the most digested Metal; therefore every Drop MATURITATE INCLINANTUR; and being understood to be melted, PERFICITURIGNE. Golden Rain is a fine speculation in artificial Fireworks, which IN TENEBRIS LUCET. De stercore aurum colligere, is the work of a prudent Preacher, in the words of Jeremy, PRETIOSUM A VILI. It is made liquid by fire, HUMOUR ABIGNE, and may signify an anxious Lover, whose passions are excellently expressed in these Verses: 
Aspice quam variis distringar Vestia curis;  
Uror, & heu nostro manat ab igne liquor.  
Sum Nilus, fumque Aetna simul, restringuite flammam,  
O lacrymae! lacrymas ebibe flamma meas.   
Which the Eclogue seems to construe in other Verses, and is rendered in English by Ogilby thus: 
Betwixt extremes is there no mean he says,  
Love hath regard to no such things as these,  
Not Love with tears.—   
FLETUS AERUMNAS LEVAT and are sometimes ease to a Martial mind, which often feels the scorching Drops of Love's Flame, according to which in the Argument of the 10. Eclogue of Virgil's Bucolics: 
The wise and valiant men oft feel the flames  
Of cruel Love, and follow wanton Dames.   
Jupiter descended on Danae in a golden shower; the Amber Drops that were pressed from the Poplar Trees on the Shield of Thetis, were Gut de OR: 
From these clear Dropping Trees Tears yearly flow, 
Met. lib. 2.   
They hardened by the Sun to Amber grow.    blazon of arms 
Hence you may observe the usefulness and commendableness of Industry, that makes the Gentleman. Oil gladdeth the heart of man, and is the Symbol of Consecration, prophetically spoken of our Saviour, who was anointed with Oil of Gladness above his Fellows. So that to anoint Guttatim Drop-meal, by the way of Distillation, id est, FOE CUNDITATEM INFUNDUNT. The memory of Jacob's setting up the Stone he had rested on for a Pillar, and pouring Oil upon it, and calling it Bethel, was preserved under the anointing Stones, which the Phoenicians from Bethel call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, from whence came the anointing Stones among the Heathen, which Arnobius calls Lubricatum Lapidem, & ex Olivae unguine sordidatum. So that the anointing Stones then with Oil was the Symbol of Consecration, all Drops indeed signifying Persons set apart to several Works, DE COELO EXPECTANS PLWIAM; 
Many Works better in cold night are done,  
Or when the pearly Morning brings the Sun:  
Night to mow Stubble, and dry Meadows choose,  
Night not neglects to pay refreshing Dews.    blazon of arms  blazon of arms 

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To Sir Thomas Player junior.  
SIR,  
AMong the Romans, for aught that I have read, there is but one Order of Knights (as testifieth Sir Thomas Ridley) and they are next in degree to the Senators themselves; as with us they are next to the Peers, though indeed Cujacius following our Modern French Heraldry, maketh three sorts; one whereof he calleth Chevalliers, the other Bannerets, the third Bachelors, but setteth down no proper difference of the one from the other, though our Use doth demonstrate the same. However it was the Honour of the first Knights, that they were Citizens of Rome, Et Custos & Pugnax. Your Father being Knight and Chamberlain, yourself being Knight and Lt. Colonel, hath entitled you both, to the bearing of the Pale, as the Lance of the chevalier, and Gut de Sang, as being willing to spend your Bloods for your Country. This is what your Coat doth admonish, when the Field of your Nativity shall be obscured in Sable Weeds, to be raised up to that pitch of fortitude as the noble Romans were in preferring their own Country before their Lives. And this is the use of your Arms, the Ensigns of Gentility.    

CHAP. V.  
Of the visible Charges of the Second Days Work, in the Creation, under the Regiment of Jupiter, or the Blue Shield.  
BLue or Azure is extended as the Firmament is, or parted per Chief, 
Azure a Border OR, Entoyre of eight Heurts.  the waters above and below.  
Number and Position are two of the first Elements of Arms. This Day the Earth was in Base, and the Firmament in Chief. The first superior face of the Cube was that of Azure, lying next above the Water, the Seat of Jupiter, who is said to espouse Juno, or the Air, the upper Region whereof was called Aether, and the lower Air, and was of the same birth with Die.  
By th' Almighty Architect it was decreed,  
That Night the Day, the Day should Night succeed.  
Heaven and Light being the Symbols of the same thing: so Jove and Juno are said to have dominion in the Air, called by some Lux aurea, having in it both Light and Heat; and therefore Jupiter is so called from Juvans Pater. This Chapter is parted per Chief, as it is said in Job, God bindeth up his Waters in thick Clouds, and the Clouds are not rend under them. And in Moses his description it is said, God said, Let there be a Firmament in the midst of the Waters, etc. And God called the Firmament Heaven, which in our Saxon Orthography signifieth lifted up, or exalted, the Second Day being no less glorious than that wherein God created Light, in which saith one, God chose to raise up, the Firmament like a Globe of Gold and Azure, which might serve to divide the seven Orbs of the Planets from the Imperial Heaven, disposing in every Annulet a solid corporeal Gem, this Day being the Creation of corporeal Matter, the Charge whereof was Roundells, being more or less noble according to the Bodies they represent, every Rundle this Day representing a Crescent, being enlightened but in part, and so it becomes the difference for the second Brother, as this is the second Day, being receptaculum tam lucis quam tenebrarum. I have chose to put every Roundle in its Field. And because Light was made by God worthy of the chief Praise, not because it is beautiful in itself, but because every thing it seethe it makes beautiful. I have parted this Scheme in Chief as the principal seat of the Intellect, divided by a several Line of plain flecked, Nebule, Wavy, Ingrailed, Crenele, Invecked, Indented.  

Partisions per Chief.  

Flecked  
Nebule  
Wavy  
ingrailed  
Crenelle  
Invecked  
Dancette  
Maine Chief    
Now as every one of these Lines differ from one another, as the several Passions of the soul, so are they more or less in esteem; and though the Brain hath no sense, as Cassidore affirmeth; yet for that the Nerves, as so many several Lines, are fixed in it, and from it receive the Spirits for the noblest operations of the Soul, sensum membris reliquis tradit. I shall therefore note to you by the way how every Line is as a Beam in the great Chamber of Heaven, and every Charge is as a Gem in the Imperial Crown of the Almighty, qui fecit lapidem angularem; and seeing numeri & figurae notant Ideas rerum, I shall proceed to the Round Form, representing Dominion; therefore born by Kings in the Mound, signifying his own Orb: 
Heaven, Earth, and Seas, each in his proper bound,  
The Moons bright Orbs with all the Spangled round.   
By the Battled Line the Egyptians did signify the Battlements of Heaven, which compasseth about the Scheme, representing Discretions Arch: 
Towering beyond the Spheres, and all on fire  
Throned above Jove, far brighter and far higher.   
The Silver having this property, NON LAEDITUR SED PROBATUR; and the Pila alba signifieth Rem probatam. The Egyptians to express their Eneph or Creator of the World, described an old man in a blue Mantle, with an Egg in his Mouth, which was the Emblem of the world, every Roundle in God's hand being yet imperfect, Sicut Moneta est informis, donec imago Regis ei per Cuneum imprimatur: ita ratio nostra deformis est, donec per Gratiam Dei illustretur. Plates signifying one of a clear Conscience, SI DESIT OMNIA NIHIL. This Day had three conspicuous Globes, Heaven, Earth and Sea: 
Tu mihi Terra Deus, mihi Mare, tu mihi Coelum,  
Denique cuncta mihi es, te sine cuncta nihil.    blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
The golden Ball was esteemed the inestimable price of Beauty: the giving away thereof from Juno was one of the main Causes why she hated the Trojans, being cast in the contention of Beauty in the judgement of Paris, Pryam's Son. Bezants being the Emblems of Perfection, as well for their Matter as Form, which NUNQVAM JACET, while it is moved AGILITATE ET PONDERE, it argueth a constant mind in an unstable condition; for every Roundle STAT DUM VOLVITUR; and therefore are called Roundles, when they are counterchanged, EXCITO DUM EXCITOR, and so is propounded for an example, The words of the Wise are as Apples of Gold (IN PUNCTO) in tables of Silver; and being once spoken, CURRIT NON CADIT. It signifies one that is the same he seems for, QUO QVO VERTAS; for Bezants are the Revenues that diminish not with use, nor consume with time, being always in the same esteem and equally beneficial. It is an Argument of Trust, and denoteth a faithful Person: he that was faithful in one Talon, was made Lord of all; for such a Cause perhaps it was that Pitts Teller of the Exchequer, bore a Fess Checky between three Bezants, to denote both his Office and Fidelity; it representeth also Faith: 
Scilicet, ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum:  
Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides.   
Whereby they become coloured with the juice of the Grape: 
Then round about their wheaten Plates invade,  
We eat our Trenchers too, Ascanius said.   
Aeneas taking of the words, remembers what his Father Anchises had long before told him: 
When thou, dear Son, on foreign shores being set,  
Sharp hunger Trenchers shall enforce to eat,  
Then let the weary rest; remember there  
To build a City and strong Bulwarks rear.    blazon of arms 
Heurts chief signify Wisdom, as being the Issue of Jupiter's Brain. Heurts in a Martial Man's Shield are as so many Scars in his Body, esteemed more Honourable than that Beauty wherewith at first he was adorned. So Menelaus having received a Hurt (from Pandarus) wherehence; 
The blood of Menelaus down to the Calves, and Ankles to the Ground,  
For nothing decks a Soldier so as doth an honoured wound.   
The Shield of Walmesley seems to have a reference to that Minerva, it being Gules on a Chief Ermine two Heurts, these Blue Balls being as it were the eyes of Minerva; for these whose eyes are of this kind of Aereal Colour, Tanquam Minervae filii, are said to be most ingenious, Unde Minerva Glaucopis dicatur. Hence it is that the Owl is dedicated to her, and signifieth prudent men. Wisdom saith, Ego rotunditatem Coelorum circumivi sola, Ecles. 24. Et in profunditatem Abyssorum ambulavi, in fluctibus maris, & in tota terra. Marcus Agrippa was honoured with an Azure Banner from Augustus, after a Victory obtained by him in the Sicilian Sea. Again, if you consider the Martial Field, she comes forth armed with a Crystal Shield; for God having made man unarmed, gave him therefore a perspicuous understanding and reason to arm himself, the Chief representing the most superior part of Man, the natural power of the inferior Air being nothing else but Vita vaporis, which if we follow the common Path by this Line, separating it from the starry Heaven, we may find that the Shield as well as the Air hath three Regions, whereof the highest is exceeding hot, fitly represented by the Chief indented, by reason of its Vicinitude to the fiery Element and Stars, by the force of whose Beam it receiveth heat; and so being charged upon, may signify one whose active heat hath kindled his undertake. The second or middle Region, which is always cold, is fitly represented by the Nebule or waved Line; for that as that Region of its own nature would be warmer, were it not cooled by a cold Occasion, by the reflection of the Sun Beams. So this may aptly signify a Person, whose fortune frowns, and keeps him under, though IN ANGUSTIIS ELEVATUR. The lower Region is something contrary to the former; for it is said to be hot and moist, fitly represented by the ingrailed Line, hot, by reason of the Sun Beams, meeting with the Earth, and moist, by reason of the proper Nature of the Air, being partly indented, and partly waved. And thus very fitly by these Elementary Qualities are signified men of different Qualities, and by each of these Charges is signified men's several Talents, all Meteors being of three sorts, either fiery, watery, or airy, to which Lines are suited in the SPHERE of GENTRY, and are of several fashions, according to divers disposing of the Matter: so the reward was always suited to the Bearer: 
The Heralds made the people peace, the Seniors than did bear  
The voiceful Herald's sceptres, sat within a sacred Sphere  
On polished stones, and gave by turns their sentence in the Court,  
Two Talents Gold were given to him that judged in justest sort.   
So that here is the just Law of Arms in the Court of Honour, having a Penny of Plate for the just Plaintiff, and a Bezant of Gold for the just Judge, polished Stones, Torteauxes, Heurts, Pomises, and Gunstons'; for in the Shield of Achilles there was two Cities; that of Political Nobility, and that of Martial Ornament, bestowing Military Rewards on Military Persons, and honourable Robes on Persons of civil Endowments, Princes and Nobles bearing Ermine, as Ensigns of Magistracy, and Ornaments of Entertainments; and Globes and Mounds as Signs of Government and Conquest.  
— The one did Nuptial celebrate,  
Observing at them solemn Feasts.—  
Other where: 
A solemn Court of Law was kept, where throngs of people werr,  
The Question was a Five imposed on one that slew  
The Friend of him that followed it, and for the Fine did sue,  
Whieh t'other pleaded he had paid, the adverse part denied,  
And openly affirmed he had no penny satisfied,   
Volvuntur, nec fas una est consistere parte,  
Ut coepit cursus, verum est pars cuilibet aequae:  
And see, — Queis sunt humanum terrestria curae.  
The Naturalist doth attribute to the Second Days Work, the appearances of many Suns, and fiery Pillars, and Beams, and Rainbows, etc. But because they are effects of the fourth Days Work, I shall refer them thither, only by the way note this as of the Chief, as of a chief Commander. It representeth Dignity, ELEVOR UT FULGEAM. If there be an Augmentation in Chief, the Sun draws up the Cloud, QUIA RESPEXIT, and if it breaks forth into Beams, DISSOLVAR UT SOLVAM. If the Field or Chief be enlightened by Sun or Star, 'tis by grace and favour, SPLENDOUR EX ME. If with Roundles, it representeth innocence, IN ALTIS HABITAT; those of the pure Element of Fire representing generosity, OPENS, NON ANIMUM: for the noble mind is like the Snow Ball, DUM AGITUR, AUGETUR. And to bear Plates or Bezants is the two marks which Machivel propounds, viz. Riches and Glory: which as Sir Walter Raleigh saith, Whoever will shoot at, must set on, and take off an iron Back to a weak wooden Bow, that it may fit both the strong and the feeble: for the weak in counsel have often as good success as those of the best judgement, as may be seen by the judgement of Paris, which gave the golden Ball to Venus rather than Pallas. So that though Honour and Riches differ in themselves: yet round Forms are attributed to Wisdom and Fortune, whereof Athenaeus: 
From Wisdom, Fortune differs far,  
And yet in works most like they are.    blazon of arms 
Proportion attracting the eyes, and Colour delighting the Fancy, the Metal giving the lively motion by its bright eye, and the Line the orderly disposition of every good Coat: and where the Charge hath a suitable invention, it both allures the mind, and charms the senses of the Bearer to do nought but noble:   blazon of arms 

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To the Honourable Sir Orlando Bridgman Knight and Baronet, Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, etc.  
Honoured Sir,  
BEtween Knights and Doctors of the Law hath ever been Question for Precedency, since either of them hath been in credit in Commonweals (as testifieth that learned Knight and Doctor of the Civil Law Sir Thomas Ridley) as may appear both by the comparison that Tully maketh between Lucius Murena a Knight of Rome, and Publius Sulpitius a Lawyer, either of them standing for the Consulship; which although it be disputable in foreign Countries, where the Civil Law is in credit: yet here among us, where all preferments taken from it, and the Professors thereof are shut up, as it were, into a narrow Corner of their Profession, it is without controversy, and the Prioity thereof indubitable. But this is the Resolution of those which are learned in the Point, that in such Acts as concern Learning, a Doctor is to be preferred before a Knight: but in Acts that concern Military Knowledge, a Knight takes place before a Doctor. But in other Acts that are neither proper to the one nor to the other, first are preferred such Doctors as attend about the Prince. Secondly, such Knights as wait upon the Prince. Thirdly, such Doctors, as being not about the Prince, are excellent in Learning. Fourthly, come Knights without any place of preferment. Lastly, Doctors of meaner gifts and places. and what esteem the Law hath; for Justice sake, my Lord, is not unknown, since the Doctor of Law gives place only to the Divine Oracles of God; and it is Justice only that beareth the Scales to balance the whole world by, and that which makes it Standard is the King's Authority, by which you act. Fabius was accounted the Shield (of Rome) for defending it by Wisdom, the Round Form being the Emblem. And Marcellus was accounted the Sword for his Valour. Both being the proper Ensigns of a Knight, both being put in your Hands, and in your Arms, they are not only the Hand of Power, but the Ensigns of Valour and Wisdom. And so the Advocate is a man at Arms.    

CHAP. VI  
Of the visible Charges of the third Days Work in the Creation, under the Regiment of Mars, or the Red Shield.  
GUles was the proper illumination of the third Days Work, 
Gules a Border OR Verdey of Trefoils Vert.  and the Partition was Party per pale Colour and Metal. Though it be hard to know the disposition of the first three Days Work, which was before the Creation of the Sun; yet by the Creation of Light, there was a manifest division of the Field per pale, whereby the Waters were commanded into one place. So that the Field of this Day consisted of dry Land and Sea; and in the last three Days God adorned, beautified and replenished the World, setting in the Firmament of Heaven the Sun, Moon, and Stars, filling the Earth with Beasts, the Air with Fowl, and the Sea with Fish, giving to Creatures Vegetative and growing their seeds in themselves, of all which in their Order. And having already seen the dry Land, parted by Springs and Rivers, Lines and Ordinaries, which are called Honourable; for that like Royal Rivers they have navigable Fountains; Come I now to the Earth, is it is adorned with all manner of Plants, with the plenty and pleasure thereof, which by the virtue of God's command, INCULTA SYLVESCIT.  

Fert Casia non culta seges, totosque per agros  
Floret odoratis terra benigna rosis:   

Where Casia springs unsown, throughout the field,  
And to sweet Roses unforced birth doth yield.   

Grass.  The first thing that represents itself to the eye, as a Charge, is Grass, and is born by Till ssey of Lancashire; and that it is a good Bearing, you have the Testimony of Sacred Writ, And God saw that it was good: this Bearing representing Humility, as the Grass is trodden down and neglected, yet is advanced to crown even the temples of Caesar. How often have we seen, that from neglected seed hath sprung up many great Palms! though the Thunder of an evil Tongue no Laurel can resist, nor greatness of Merit exempt, which made Scipio Africanus change his Profession of Warrior to Husbandman; and with the selfsame hand which in the parching sand of Africa, he had planted glorious Palms of Victory, he did cultivate a little Farm, the noble Romans accounting it an honour to be called Lentulus, Piso, Fabius, etc. from flowers and fruits, answerable to which we have Lily, Rose, Pear, Nut, etc. whose Arms declare their Names. Pliny was of opinion, that Nature before she set herself to make the Lily, did prepare herself as it were by making the rough Draught and Model Convolunce, a white and simple flower.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
Pythagoras forbade the use of Beans, only to hint to his Scholars to avoid ambition for Magistracy: though the man that sits on the Banks of Flowers in peace, may prepare his Shield, as in the Coat of Sir Thomas Chambrelan, being a white Escoutcheon within an Orle of Cinquefoils, according to Virgil's Advice: 
Remember to provide, if the Divine  
Glory of Tillage thou intendest thine.   
NOCTIS NON DEFICIT HUMOUR, is the Glory of Generosity, the Semper vive, DUM OPPRIMITUR CRESGIT. The Borage is a Blue Cinquefoil, ET FERT GAUDIA CORDI. While the Narcissus is of golden Colour, and signifieth beautiful Youth. Sedges is born in Arms by the Name of Sickes. and Sylvanus.  
Comes adorned with rural Boughs,  
Lilies and Fennel dangling on his Brows.  
The noble Plantagenet is a Caterfoil, 
Caterfoils.  which HIEME FLORET, and is born by the noble Duke of Albemarle, as a Slip of the same Plant which Scotland tried IN DIE FRIGORIS, his fidelity being still verdant, DUM CAETERA LANGUENT; yea at such a time, VT REMOTISSIMO SOLE, And though Honour like a Flower, BREVIS EST VSUS, yet the remembrance of his Name, like the lovely Amaranthus, NUNQVAM LANGVESCIT. The Cinquefoil is the Gillyflower of Heraldry, IN QVOSCUNQVE COLORES. 
Cinquefoils.  If it be Metal, FULCIT ET ORNAT. Salts are the Colours of all Bodies, whence they receive their Degrees of Lustre or Obscurity. All Flowers are Emblems of this mortal Life, STATIM LANGVENT, while some Leaves are notwithstanding Symbols of Immortality, FOLIUM EJUS NON DEFLVIT. And what Laurel leaves signify 'tis plain, VINCENTI DABITUR. Augustus and Germanicus, Titus and Adrian, Antonius Philosophus, Alexander, Constantine and Theodosius were all crowned with a double Laurel, as Sages and as Emperors, Chaplets being always signs of Mastership; 
Chaplets.  and therefore to this Day are Masters of Societies elected by Laurel Chaplets about their Brows, 
Laurel.  the crowning of Sages and Poets proceeding from a kind of Example of it, which was under the old Roman Emperors, the giving of Crowns of Laurel to them as the Ensigns of Degrees of Mastership in Poetry, and that by Imperial Authority, either by the Emperors themselves, or by Counts, Palatines, or others, having such delegate Authority, having continued ever since the time of Frederick the First, with Laurel, a Ring also being given them, as in the Letters Testimonial of Reasner, and Jacobus Grasserus, both Count's Palatine to Michael Bartchios' Julii 8. 1618. Imperiali authoritate fronti ejus ingeniosissimae Lauream Poeticam imposuimus, 
Crowning of Poets.  & dextram in diviniore hac Poeseos harmonia exercitatissimam annulo aureo exornavimus. And in those of Reasner to Casparus Wagnerus Decemb. 29. 1593. Te per Laurus impositionem & annuli traditionem Poetam Laureatum fecimus. And as Mr. Selden farther observeth, as from the use of the old Empire, the latter took their Example of Crowning with Laurel, being anciently received into England. John Skelton had the title of Laureate under Henry the Eighth. And at the same time Robert Whittington called himself Grammaticae Magister & Protovates Angliae in florentissima Oxoniensi Academia Laureatus. And under Edward the Fourth John Kay, by the title of his humble Poet Laureate, dedicateth to him the Siege of Rhodes in Prose, the custom of Crowning Poets continuing unto the time of Theodosius, as it is observed upon Ausonius, who lived then and writes: 
Tu pene ab ipsis orsus incunabulis  
Dei Poeta nobilis,  
Sertum Coronae praeferens Olympiae,  
Puer celebrasti Jovem.   
Corona Olympica denoting here the Quercus Capitolina, or Crown of Oak, or Tarpeia Quercus, as Martial long before called it in that to Collinus: 
O cai Tarpeias' licuit contingere Quercus,  
Et meritas prima cingere frond comes.   
The Name of Moorwood beareth an Oke-tree, 
Acorns.  in signification of his Name, every Acorn MAXIMAM FACIT. And where it is born by the Name of Wood, PONDERE FIXASVO. Did ever any Roman merit this Garland, 'twas for that SERVANTI CIVEM. L. Siccius Dentatus obtained 14. of this sort, 8. of beaten gold, and 3. mural.  
The Olive Branch was the Emblem of Peace ever since the Doves return to the Ark; and it is sacred to Minerva: 

Hoc pro supplicibus ramis, pro fronde Minervae,  
Hoc Carmen pro Thure damus.—   

This for Minerva's supplicating Bough,  
This Verse for Incense we bestow.    
RAMUMQVE PRECANTIS MINERVA. 
Herald's Rods.  The Cadduces and Rods of the Greeks were made of Olive Branches, and that of the Romans of Vervine. John Gower in the time of Richard the Second, lies buried in St. Mary Overs Church, hath his Statue crowned with Ivy mixed with Roses, Duplici nota insignem, 
Bale cent. 7 Scrip. 23.  nempe aurea torque & haederacea Corona Rosis interserta, illud militis, hoc Poetae Ornamentum. Perhaps the Name of Nithingale beareth the Rose, as a sign of Knighthood, and parted of York and Lancaster, in having been a faithful servant to both Houses, or to King Henry the Seventh, in whom they were united (and so the Field is honoured with Ermine) in faithfulness and charity. Hulling beareth a Rose within a Chaplet, perhaps in imitation of that frequent Speech of Cicero: 

Cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae:   

That Arms should yield to Arts 'tis fit,  
Stoop then the Laurel to the Wit.     blazon of arms  rose  blazon of arms 

Garlands.  Where there was a collective number of Flowers, and bound up in Garlands, it was to denote Excellency, ELECTUS EX MILLIBUS, and were rewards of Generals of Armies, EX UNIONE DECOR; that that was of Oaken Boughs, OB CIVES SERVATOS. That of Laurel ALITARTES, Branches being much used among the sacred and solemn Rites of the Egyptians. The Spring was anciently represented by a Basket of Flowers, the Summer by Ears of Corn, the Autumn by a Cornucopia of Fruit, and the Winter by a naked Tree. You shall see the Coat Armour of Spring dapled with Cinquefoils; that of Summer being a Green Field girt with a Girdle, or silver Rivulet, to add to the pleasure of the same. Autumn hath its part in the Coats of Apletons, and Winter in that of Blackstock, who beareth three starved Branches. These being Emblems of mortal life; for Youth like Flowers flourish, yet STATIM LANGUENT, according to Saint Ambrose, Hodie videas Adolescentem validum, pubescentem atatis virtute, florentem grata specie, suavi colore; crastina die tibi fancy & ore mutatus occurret. So David in the 103. Psalms, thus saith, Totus splendor generis humani, honores, potestates, divitiae, minae, tumores, flos foeni est, wherein the Flower of the Grass hath reference to the Leaves of Honours. 
Ob. 857.  We have already spoken of Edolwolf the twentieth Monarch of England bare Ermine on a bend Sable, three Cinquefoils OR. And since his death Edolph of Kent hath assumed the Coat only in allusion of Name, Flower bearing the Cinquefoil slipped, as Just gathered. The name of Young beareth Roses, as if they should always be young, though Saint Ambrose saith, Momento cuncta praetereunt, & saepe honor abiit antequam venerit, and like the first appearing Blossoms, they scarce appear before they begin not to be. The few Ears of Corn in Lealand's Coat show, whence he had his Name and Arms, and the Garbs in Otteleys Coat show the same, neither is the Shield of Achilles wanting: 
To these the Fiery Artisan did add a new Eared Field,  
Large and thrice ploughed, the Soil soft being, and of a wealthy Yield,  
And many men at plough he made, etc.   
Denoting the benefits of Peace, and the Blow being no other than the Symbol of a well grounded Peace: 
— Of all the ample Close  
The Soil turned up behind the Plough, all Black like Earth arose,  
Though forged of nothing else but Gold, and lay in show as Light  
As if it had been ploughed indeed, miraculous to sight.  
There grew by this a Field of Corn high ripe where Reapers wrought  
And let thick handfuls fall to Earth, for which some others brought  
Bands, and made Sheaves.    blazon of arms 
— The King stood pleased at heart,  
Said not a word, but's Sceptre showed, and from him much apart.  
His Harvest Bailiffs undernearh an Oak a Feast prepared,  
And having killed a mighty Ox stood there to see him shared.  
So here you may see the Sceptre is the sign of Grace and Favour, as well as of Authority and Rule, the Sceptre at first being Branches, which as Kercher saith, Symbolum primi nutrimenti, ut sciat vulgus fructus quidem omnino germinare & augeri, longissimo tempore permanere; se autem accepisse exiguum vitae tempus, & de causa volunt dari Ramos. So we see the King's Sceptre is always flowered, ut semper Augustus. Every peculiar Grain hath its Colour; 
Grain.  the Wheat is OR, when the Rye is Gules: the Barley is Argent, and the Bean Sheaves are Black In Blake's Coat. Kempe signifieth a Combat-fighter, and beareth three Garbs Gold within a Border ingrailed, or a hedge of Thorns, as the Italian word signifieth: and though a Soldier's 〈◊〉 is in many difficulties, yet he shall be gathered to his Father in a good old age, like a Shock of Corn in his season. Garbs signify also community, fellowship and fortitude, which is the reason so many Cheshire Families took Wheat Sheaves, in imitation of Hugh Lupus Earl of Chester in time of the Conquest, and continue those Bearings as Fellow-soldiers, he holding their Lands by the Sword, as the Conqueror did by the Crown. Alexander Comine King of Scotland bare Garbs, in token of Community. The falling of the Seed is the Emblem of immortal Fame, whose virtue IN FUNERE PERENNITAS; and the first Blossoms of a promising fruit, DABIT IN TEMPORE.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
The Phytian Grapes best dried, Lageos strong,  
Which soon will try your feet, and tie your tongue.  
The precious Grapes want neither odour nor fragrancy; and therefore was an Ornament in our Shield: 
He set near this a Vine of Gold that cracked beneath the weight  
Of Bunches black, which being ripe to keep, which at the height  
A silver Rail ran all along, and round about it flowed  
An azure Mote, etc.   
As if in Blazon he should say, he bore in a Field OR on an Escoutcheon Azure a Vine Branch of the first, between three Bunches of Grapes proper. Neither shall I omit the Olive Tree because Wine and Oil IN OPORTUNITATE UTRUMQVE; for the Olive represents a noble soul, VULNERA, NON VERBERA GAUDET. The whole Wood of Trees EXULAT AESTUS, 
Woods.  and being cut down CEDENDO VINCIT. The Trunk ALIENIS SPOLIIS is proper Valour. Aaron's rod budded, 
Trunk.  INSPERATA FLORET, and is born on the Shekel of the Sanctuary; and VNO AUULSO NON DEFICIT ALTER: 
Stock.  and every young Scions of a noble Stock hath HUMOUR AB ALIO. Thus having done with lofty Trees, if we turn our eyes to the lowest Shrubs, amongst Herbs we shall find the Bear's foot, DEPRESSA RESURGIT. The Jerusalem Rose VIRTUS HINC MAJOR. 
Herbs.  The Basil QVO MOLLIUS EO SVAVIUS. The Borage, FERT GAVDIA CORDI. The Maiden hair NUNQVAM MARCESCIT. Capers IN ARIDO VIRET. The Thistle, that Badge of Scotland saith, NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT. The Colwort FRIGORE PERFICITUR. Onion's NON TEGMINA DFSUNT. Fenecreke FRUCTUM AFFERT IN PATIENTIA. Corn representeth Gratitude, PLUS QVAM ACCEPERIT, and by God's Blessing CRESCIT IN CENTUPLUM. A Mushroom represents humane Life, CITO VANESCIT. The Flax ASPERITATE POLITUM. And Hampson bears three Hemp Breks, as the Emblem of indefatigable labour and travel, in bringing to pass things necessary, which FRACTA PERFICITUR. Turnips are sometimes born in Arms, as Guilium noteth, and its virtue is, DANT OMNIBUS ESCAM. The Housleek, though it hath no ground to grow on, NON DEFICIT HUMOUR: and the Saffron CALCATA VIRESCIT. The Gore ET CORTEX AD USUM. Pirton beareth three Pears, and so doth Perry; and they that understand English know the reason why. So also doth Abbot, but to show as before how they spent their time in a Cloister. Some were Husbandmen, and some were Gardeners. And thus I have brought you safe through the Woods into the open Field, and from thence into the Garden, where APES EXPECTANT, 
Flowers.  and the Flowers therein VIRTUTEM ET ODORES EMITTUNT. Where also you may see their use, Raro dentur flores nigri & virides, 
Chromotism of Flowers.  quid primum in vegetativa gradum obtinent folia: secundum flores. Hence it is that Green is the first Colour among Plants and Flowers in the Garden of all Colours, DECORANT ET PROSUNT. Some are of that nature, that NUNQUAM LANGUESCUNT, and so represents Perseverance, NEC GELV NEC AESTV: so the Aramanthus. There are other LANGVESCUNT IN VMBRA. So the Tulip. The Gillyflower, IN QUOSCUNQVE COLORES; and the Gesemine VESPERE FLORET. The Hyacinth, ET PALLET ET PLACET. The Flowerdeliz and Rose contend for both COELESTI SEMINE NATA: the one PRESIOSIOR INTUS, the other INTIMIS AURUM: the one SERVABIT ODOREM, and the other ETIAM RECISA REDOLET, and both representing Perseverance. The Sun-flowers FLECTENTES ADORANT, and is a Bearing for a Divine, VBI AMOR IBI OCULI. The Indian Flower representeth pious Youth, FLAGRATORIENTE: and the Spanish LUX OBVIA CLAUDET. The Popge PONDERE VICTUS: and the Pyony MULTIPLEX MOX NULLA.  
Spring cloth the Woods with Leaves, and Groves attires,  
Earth swells with Spring, and Genital seed requires,  
In fruitful showers the Almighty from above  
Descends i'th' lap of his delighted Love.   blazon of arms  star  blazon of arms 

Blazon by precious Stones.  The blazon by precious stones began on this Day, wherein the Amber represented a painful Preacher, TRAHAM SI CALEAM: the Asbestos that endures the fire, UNICE ET SEMPER. The Loadstone represents Constancy, UNDEQUAQUE ADIDEM. Many Waters cannot quench Love, which is of the nature of Camphire NEC EXTINGVITUR. The Carbunckle, that hath many Rays, CUNCTIS SPLENDIDIOR, and is the Emblem of Charity. The Thunder-stone GRANDINE CREVIT: and the Coral representeth Modesty, ELATA RUBESCIT. The Whetstone HEBETAT ET ACVIT: to blazon by Crystal what doth it signify but OCCULTA APPARENTIBUS RESPONDENT: by Diamond but SEMPER CONSTANS. By Pearl but VIRTUS EXPOSITA PROBATUR. The Emerald represents the State of the Blessed, NON SATIANS OCULOS IMPLET: and the Saphire a heavenly Reward PIUM REDDIT: the Jasper represents the Sacred Trinity VNUS SED TRICOLOR: and the Saints are Gods Jewels, and their estimation in PURITATE PRETIUM. Stone beareth to his Arms three flints, ARTE POLITUR: and Dymon bears five Diamonds between three Annulets RADIIS ADVERSA REFULGET, IN AURO NITIDIOR. Some bear Carbunckles, representing Sceptres, INTER TENEBROSOS MAGIS LUCETIS. 'Tis the Sceptre of Pluto, or the God of Riches, for so signifies Lozengies, Mascles, Buckles, Rings, Carbunckles, being Symbols of outward Blessings and Nobleness, God having given the fairest tincture to the Ruby, and the quickest light to the Diamond.  
Chaplet  
Lozenge  
Mascle  
Buckles  
Ring  
Escarbuncle  
And in infinite Wisdom hath distinguished his Angels, by degrees hath given greater and lesser Lights to Heavenly Bodies, hath made a difference between Beasts and Birds; the Eagle and the Fly, the Cedar and the Shrub: hath also ordained Kings, Dukes, and Leaders of the people, Magistrates, Judges, and other Degrees among men; and as Honour is left to posterity for a mark and Ensign of the virtue and understanding of their Ancestors, so these Notes are as Symbols of their Nobility. Plato preferring first Bodily Health. Secondly, Form and Beauty. And lastly, Riches, which is not to raise our Buildings out of other men's Ruins, but by our own Achievements. Chaplets were rewards to the Muses, and Gems to the Graces. The Egyptians, when they erected their Obelisks, made them of several sorts of stones, Et per Pyrei quidem Coloris particulas ignem, per Crystallinas & Amethystinas Pellucidas aerem, Coeruleam Lympham per Coeruleas, per nigras denique particulas terram. Thus you may see, that as Plants, apt to grow wild, etc. may be by Husbandry and cultivating become Noble; So the Seeds of Virtue may by the Art and Husbandry of good Counsel, produce better and more beautiful fruit, than the strength of nature and kind could have done; and the water and the air are the two Elements, whence all Plants do derive their variety of Colour: 
Short is man's life, irreparable time,  
But men by virtue to high honour climb.   

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To Sir John Berkenhead Knight, Master of the Faculties, and one of the Masters of Requests.  
SIR,  
IN this, as in the Story of other Nations, Armis militaribus donare, or Cingulo militari, and such Phrases are the same with Militem facere, or to make a Knight, (as the learned Selden observeth) and was a Courtly Ceremony, whereas Consecrare militem was a Sacred Ceremony, which was all one as to make a Knight also, the one was by giving of Robes, Arms, Spurs, and the like; and the other was performed with holy Devotions, and what else was used in the Church at or before the receiving of the Dignities. Sunt & Belli sicut & Pacis Jura. For as Dr. Wiseman observeth of the Civilians Work, that it is to draw into one Body and Systeme, the Testimonies of the ancient Philosopher's Historians, Poets, and Orators, in what they are all as it were by the light of Nature, consenting in one and the same judgement. Also what has been delivered by the ancient Fathers, and most approved Canons of the Church on that Subject, and what hath been continually practised by the most Heroic Nations, as the Grecians, Assyrians, Medes, Persians, Lacedæmonians, Carthaginians, and especially the Romans, with whom, for experience and Discipline in War, and justice, and Bravery towards their Enemies, no Nation is to be compared, and by which helps the Laws of war in use at this day have been made and perfected, only through i Civilians pains and industry. How much therefore doth your Coat deserve the reward of the Crown, and your Temples the Laurel, to whose Chief of Reason I submit these my Concessions.    

CHAP. VII.  
Of the visible Charges of the fourth Days Work under the Regiment of Sol, or the Golden Shield.  
OMicron was the Symbol of the Sun among the A gyptians, 
Sol a Border, Saturn Entoyr of eight Estoil Luna.  this Planet dividing the Universe per Bend, as it appeareth quo ad nos. And Drax in his Exposition of the Symbol of the Wheel, saith, That some persons made a representation of their actions to others, not only by Speech, but Symbols. So did Joseph understand by the Sun and Moon his Father and Mother, and by the Stars his Brethren, even before he was sold to the egyptians, whose solemn Custom it was to wrap up all their little knowledge under mystical representations, which were unavoidably charged with two inconveniencies, either obscurity or ambiguity, which took not up only a great deal of time to gather such Symbolical matter. But when they were pitched upon, they were liable to great variety of interpretation, as among the golden Images of their Gods, two Dogs, a Hawk, and an Ibis, by the Dogs some understood the Tropics, others the two Hemispheres, by the Hawk some understood the Sun, others the Aequinoctial by the Ibis, some the Mother n, others the Zodiac, and what a deal ado (saith my Author) is made about that famous Hieroglyphic of Diospolis, where there was a Child, to express coming into the world, an old man, for going out of it; a Hawk for God, and an Hippotamus for hatred; all to express this venerable Apophthegm, O ye that come into the world, and that go out of it, God hates impudence: and among their other Hieroglyphics, Ignis Symbolum est iracundiae, and the Thunderbolt among the Egyptians did signify fire, sive biponti dominio inferiora: and therefore fire is the Symbol of Royalty, and their great and stupendious Obelisks were called by a name that did sign fie D●gitos Solis, they being form foursquare, to denote the  Dominion of the Sun in the Elementary world. They were dedicated also to the Sun, both by the Egyptians and the Phoenicians, with a pointed Vertex, for the Analogy it hath to the Sunbeams, the Kings of Egypt erecting them in a certain emulation one to exceed the other; Sun, Moon, and Stars then signify conspicuous persons. So Jacob and Joshua was signified by the Sun in sacred Writ, as Fathers of Families and Countries. So that if you will blazon by Planets, see how Sol & Luna perficiunt, Saturnus frigefacit, Jupiter calefacit, Mars siccat, Venus humectat, Mercurius conglutinate. In a word, the Sun is here in the midst of the Planets, as the Soul of the World, according to that Pythagorical saying of Virgil, animating and quickening every thing from the Spirit within, the Sun in this figure, being placed in the midst, which Euripides, a Disciple of Anaxagoras, calls Auream Glebam, Plotinus Naturae lucernam, Anaxagoras Candefactum Ferrum, ex quo omne gignitur; Orpheus calleth it Vivificum ac aeterni Coeli Oculum, Luminis Fontem: and Heraclitus, Cor Coeli. The Symbolical Names and Arms are those of Bright Day, Clear, St. Clear, Dyson, Pearson, etc.  
Omnia quae natura, vel arte fiunt, aliqua ratione fiunt, unde opus naturae, opus intelligentiae. The Ancients usually described the Sun by twelve Beams, and was called by as many Names as its several Operations on inferior things; 
The operations of the Sun and Moon.  for it was called 

1. Jupiter, vis penetrativa Vniversi.  
2. Apollo, vis radiorum calefactiva.  
3. Pluto, vis effectiva Mineralium.  
4. Aeolus, vis effectiva Ventorum.  
5. Mars, vis Bilis excitativa.  
6. Pan, vis genitalis totius Vniversi.  
7. Neptunus', vis in Naturam humidam.  

Sun.  8. Aesculapius, vis Solis sulutifera.  
9 Hercules, vis Solis corroborativa.  
10. Mercurius, vis attractiva vaporum.  
11. Bacchus, vis in liquores & vinum concoctiva.  
12. Saturnus, vis temporum effectiva.    
And the Moon also had several Denominations according to her Operations.  


Moon.  1. Ceres, vis productiva fructuum.  
2. Luna, vis benevola luminis.  
3. Flora, vis productiva vegetabilium.  
4. Diana, vis in Sylvas, feras, arbores.  
5. Minerva, calor Lunae salutiferus.  
6. Thetis, vis Lunae in maria omnia humida.  
7. Hecate, vis Lunae insubterranea.  
8. Bellona, vis Lunae, Domitrix rerum.  
9 Proserpina, vis Lunae, herbarum Productrix.  
10. Juno, vis Lunae, illuminativa Aeris.  
11. Venus, vis seminalis Lunae.  
12. Rhaea, omne influxui Solari subjectibile.   
By all which, as the Sun is properly masculine, so the Moon is the genuine Symbol of the feminine sex, the Crescent, Incressant, Decressant, fitly represented by that of Prudentius: 

— Terque suas eadem variare figuras,  
Denique dum Luna est, etc.—   

Three times she turns her shape,  
She is the Moon when bright her shape doth show,  
Latona's Daughter when she hunts below.  
But thronged in hell she Pluto's wife, and awes  
The Furies, giving stern Megara Laws.    
Thus by Crescents are represented the glory of the Parents, still emulating the clarity of their Sire: 
Crescents.  and by Stars are represented magnanimous Sons. The first King of Egypt, after the death of Moses, was Memphis; he was said to be Vir magni animi, & paternarum traditionum assertor acerrimus, who after he had reigned forty years, left a Son called Sothis', a name of Mercury among the Egyptians, that is, the Son of a Star, Mercury being the Symbol of the Element of Air. Neither is it ignoble to bear Black, or Blue, or Red Stars in Arms; for what do they signify otherwise, than these Plane-Virtues, quae sunt in Archetypo mundi: 

Saturnus, Aequitatis.  
Jupiter, Benevolentiae.  
Mars, Veritatis.  
Venus, Voluptatis.  
Mercurius, Sapientiae.  
Luna, Divitiarum.     crescent  white star 
Armatus radiis Elementa liquentia lustrans:  
Armed with Rays he views the watery Planes.  
In which manner the Sun views Nicholson's Coat, 
Raleighs History.  and signifies one that is a subordinate Magistrate, the Laws of men binding after the same manner of the Stars: for though Kings and Princes do by their Laws decree, that Thiefs or Murderers shall suffer death, which though they are duly executed by Magistrates (the Stars of Kings) yet they do not deprive the Prince of his natural or princely compassion, or prerogative. The figured sky affords brave Shields in Heraldry for the Conspicuous: 
The never wearied Sun, the Moon unhorned,  
And Heaven with all his sparkling fires adorned.   
Here is the Hieroglyphics of the Illustrissemi, the Sun of the Clarissimi, the Moon of the Spectabilissimi, the Stars of the Superl-llustrissimi, quibus Coelum coronatum est; here is a Crown both for Ariadne and Thetis: 
The Pleyades, Hyadeses, Orion stout,  
The Bear surnamed the Wane that wheels about.    crescent moon 
The Jewish women wore round Tires, like the Moon, as the Prophet Isaiah speaks, As a Bearing that the Land mourned for. And the egyptians gave Divine Honours to the Sun and Moon under the names of Osirus and Isis, as is testified both by Sacred and profane Authors; Mizraim the Son of Cham in the Egyptian Dialect, being called Mesramuthisin, quasi diceres Mesra, sive Osiri, & Matre Isi genitum. And Plutarch affirmeth, that the Sun in the Persian Language gave name to Cyrus. And the same Author saith, that the Amazon Women bare Moons like Shields; and Crescents are as genuine a Bearing for Christians, occasioned by purchase in the Holy Land, as any other Ordinary, where the feminine Sex presumed to show their Lozenge Bearings in that design: 
Each one appears a Pallas in the field, 
Fuller's Frontispiece.   
Dropped newly from Jove's brain with Spear and Shield.   
Among the Romans the Crescent was a note of a Senator, because it form a C, the Character of a Hundred, which the Senate consisted of. And among the Egyptians it is the Symbol of the Moon: and it were too much for me to show you how many of our Senate bear Crescents, whereof Hervey bears three in a Chief indented, and so is like to that lively Crown that appears about this Planet: 

Ecce levis summo de vertice visus juli:   

Behold the lively Crown  
Of soft julus' head,  
With Light was circled round,  
A flame his Temples fed.     blazon of arms 
How clear the Stars shine in a dark night, I leave to your own experience; and how they, as all other Bearings, may be varied, I shall give you these examples.  

1. Sable a Mullet Argent.  
2. Sable two Mullets in Chief Argent.  
3. Sable three Mullets perforated or pierced Argent. To bear Mullets perforated, is properly a Spur-rowel, the Planet Mars appearing so.  
4. Sable three Mullets in Fez Argent.  
5. Sable three Mullets in Pale Argent.  
6. Sable five Mullets perforated in Cross. So likewise are they born in all the Ordinary ways of an Ordinary, as in Bend in Saltire, etc. and on or between the several Ordinaries you have examples following;  
Argent on a Fez Sable, three Mullets pierced of the Field.  
Argent on a Pale, three Mullets pierced of the First.  
Argent on a Cross, five Mullets perforated of the Field.  
Sable a Fez between three Mullets Argent.  
Sable a Pale between two Mullets Argent.  
Sable a Cross between four Mullets Argent, perforated of the First.  
Argent on a Bent Sable, three Mullets pierced OR.  
OR on a Bent sinister Sable, three Mullets pierced Argent.  
Argent on a Saltire Sable, five Mullets OR.  
Sable a Bend OR, between two Mullets Argent.  
Sable a bend sinister OR, between two Mullets Argent.  
Sable a Saltire Argent between four Mullets OR, pierced of the Field, & sic ad infinitum.   
Behold how every Hieroglyphic is a Symbol, yet how every Symbol is not an Hieroglyphic. Sun's denote conspicuous Fathers, and Stars egregious Sons; for among us how are the Names of Bright, Day, St. Clear, etc. signified by their Arms; and where the Prince would make a man's name known by his Coat, there they are both allusions and conclusions, as in Pierson's Coat of Yorkshire, his Coat not only alluding to the Name in the Crest, the Sun appearing on the Peir of a Rock, but in the Coat three Suns between two Pallets waved, directly agreeing with the Naturalists Observation of the causes thereof, which is, when a smooth watery Cloud, which is of equal thickness, quiet and still, is placed on the sides of the Sun, than it will appear as if there were three Suns, though indeed there is but one. And this Bearing seemeth to point out his profession, as well as name (viz.) an Astronomer, or one who by speculation or Practice findeth out the Parahelii, the Pears of the Sun; or, as if one would say, apud Solem. The Coat of Thompson, by the Sun in the Canton, denotes the Father; and by the Stars on the Fez, the three Sons, all of them considerable Persons. Now if we turn our eyes to those other Meteors that are born in Arms, which Naturalists refer to the 2 Day, 
Meteors.  though indeed Meteors are effected by the power & operation of the Sun, we shall find that some have been seen to bear Rainbows, and have pleased themselves VARIETATE JUCUNDA; Others to show their hopes of better Days, AB IMBRE SERENUM; for to Noah it was NUNCIA SERENITATIS, and to me it is the Emblem of a true friend, SI FUERINT NUBILA. The Coat of Thunder is a Fez between two Thunderbolts, plainly denoting the Name of the Bearer, and in its quality signifieth Boanerges, as Saint James was USQUE IN OCCIDEMTEM PARIT. It denoteth also a Traveller, EXPIABIT AUT OBRUET. If it be born by a Prince, TERRET UNDE FULGET. So it was born winged by the Scythians. If by a Soldier, TONITRU RUIT, VELOCIOR ICTUS. If by a private person, HUMILIORA MINUS; and so it is devolved unto myself by the Daughter and Heir of Delahay, who bore the Star of Mars, and married the Daughter and Heir of Thunder, and SUMMA PETIT, though indeed my own fortune never arised above my Calling, who acknowledge with Seneca; Minus in parvis fortuna ferret.  
The Lightning TONITRUA PARAT, and in that sense represents worldly felicity, which though it shine with OR or Argent, yet 'tis but BREVIS SPLENDOUR. Comets PAUCIS MINANTUR, OMNIBUS FULGENT. 
Comets.  Planets have their Name from Error, and Stars are the inseparable Companions of the Travellers. The Sun is said to be winged, and had Bow and Arrows given it this Day. 'Tis winged by reason of its warmth, and armed with Arrows, because the Beams thereof fly about the World, and so correspondent to this Day hath Heraldry allotted the Ma●●● for the difference of the four Brethren, which become Travellers, and on their winged speed compass the world, being without feet, saving the crutches of Providence, by whose wings they are sustained. In alarm tuarum umbra canam. And I proceed to the winged Choristers, whose Talons become Arms, and whose Heads became Crests to the Man at Arms, the next Field being that of Elysium, of which Tibullus sweetly and briefly describes; 

Sed me quod, etc.   

But Venus me (because to love inclined)  
Shall lead into Elysium, where refined,  
Music and Balls please, where the winged Choir  
Of chirping Birds do entertain the ear.    

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To Benjamin St. John Son of John, of Cold-Overton in Liecestershire Esquire.  
SIR,  
YOur Chief doth denote your Ancestors were men in the Acts of Reason above the Vulgar, and your Charge declares they were eminently conspicuous. Mullets are among the Stars of the first Magnitude, and the greater Planets have Concomitants to wait upon them. 'Tis better to be on, then in Chief; the lafoy oer is subject to Error, whereas the former is bounded by a Rational Line. Riches and Honour are the two Twins, born at once in your House, nursed up by Virtue, and preserved in yourself to this Day. Your Grandfather being Francis, fourth Son, and afterwards became the second House of Oliver. First, Lord St. John of Blet so hath entitled you to that of Esquire, who by the common Name we give him in Latin, seems to have his Origen, either for that he carried the Armour of the King, Duke, or other great Personages, Patroclus being Achilles his Armour Bearer; or rather, as some suppose, the Footman himself armed in the field: however they were always men of good account, as those that won themselves credit out of the Wars, and so their estimation remained in their Posterity: and as those were in time before, so are these which are in our days, as descending, for the most part, from their worthy Ancestors esteemed the Prime sort of Esquires, who are descended of Nobles.    

CHAP. VIII.  
Of the visible Charges of the Fifth Day's Work, under the Regiment of Venus, or the Green Shield.  
VErdure is a state of happiness and felicity, 
Vert a Border OR, Enaluron of 4 Marilets Sable, and Eatoyre of as many Escalops Gales.  the Golden branch, growing at the entrance of Elysium, where Venus' Doves are as honourable as Jove's Eagle. Concerning the Bearing of Birds, if I should say no more than that of the old Eagle, PROVOCAT EXEMPLO; It were enough to stir you all up to the imitation of virtue, the Eagle be●ring PRAESIDIA MAJESTATIS, deserving the first place; because in the War of the Giants an Eagle supplied Jove with Arms: Jupiter and Saturn were kings, and waged War upon a difference of Land; to which Jupiter Marching out, saw the prediction of an Eagle, by which, when he had overcome, it was reported, that the Eagle brought him weapons: from this good luck it was that the Eagle is in the Imperial Ensigns.  Sic Aquilae clarum firmavit Jupiter omen. 
It is borne in a threefold manner (viz.) Procidens, Volaus; Erectus vel Expausus: In the first posture it is made Bearing the Arms of Jupiter, and among the Romans, in the fourth Legion of the Decemani, and in the Shields of the Elder Constantine in the East; and on many ancient Military Ensigns of the Romans: In which posture it is borne among us by Roper (of Derbyshire) quasi, de Rubro spado; it argueth generosity: NIL FULMINA TERRENT. And where the Wing and the Sword go together, 'tis to show that Art can do as much as Arms, as Emanuel Thesaurus noteth on Caesar's Commentaries; 
Quae modo fulmineum vibrabat dextera ferrum,  
Pacatos calamos sanguinolent●a regit.   
In the second posture of Volant it is also found, among all the Roman Legions, being a Golden Eagle, with the Wings Elevated, upon the top of a silver Spear; the Bearers whereof were called Aquiliseri: It was anciently borne in the Shields of the younger Herculani, and in this prepared posture it is said to descend to the Table of Augustus.  
Ab Jove consuerat divisam sumere Mensam;  
Te Similem cernens credidit esse Jovem.   blazon of arms 
Some suppose that this kind of Bearing with two Heads, was in memory of the two inauspicious birds, or Ravens, that hovered over the head of Caesar, and were struck to the ground by the Eagle: others again attribute it to the division of the Empire into the East and West, by Constantine the Great; Translating his Seat to Constantinople, making as it were two head Cities under one Emperor, like the prow of Aenaeas Ship.  
Aeneas Ship, the Admiral before  
Upon her Prow two Phrygian Lions bore:  
Which denoted the Ensign of the Ship; those of Burden carrying them on their Masts, as the Eagle was carried on a Staff, far above, for more conspicuosness: But Justus Lipsius observes, upon that Military Ensign, which is seen in Rome, upon the Column of Antonius, that then it could not have reference to the division of the Empire, much less could it belong to any Soldier; but that rather it had respect to one and the same Roman Emperor, with the Wings expanded or displayed; where the right wing is spread over the Eastern parts, and the left over the Western parts thereof; and, two heads is no more than Counsel, or Advice: The Roman Consuls being two (joined to the Body of the People of Rome, and were) so called a Consulendo: and in Caesar the two heads signified not otherwise than the Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in him, with his Wings expanded, to Protect the People of his Empire. So you see why the Black Eagle is preferred before other; and for the other Colours, see my Sphere of Gentry: it is a reward for Service in many English Coats, as in that of Laurence Hutton of Hutton John in Cumberland, having the two heads thereof, in Reward, circled about with a Crown, by Fredrick the Fourth Emperor of Germany, for the Honour that he gained in his Wars in Hungary, against Soliman the Second: having gained the Standard of the Enemy, with the Honour of the Day. So also the Coat of Browne hath the Eagle displayed in chief, for some special Service performed by the first bearer thereof, in Ambassage to the Emperor, as testifieth Guilime. If you turn your eyes to several other Nations, you shall find the Persians bore it, from the time of Cyrus to the overthrow of that Monarchy: the Eagle being principally taken for an suspicious and fortunate Omen. The Silver Eagle is preferred with the Sable, Queen a sit fulgentior atque conspectior; and of any other Colour it is noble, ET VISU ET VOLATU, and is therefore a proper bearing for Men of an accurate and clear Judgement, as is noted in the bearing of Edward Cook Esquire; being a Man of great Estimation and Admiration in his perspicuous knowledge of the Law, worthy to be a Judge; who was among them, as the Eagle among other Birds. So Julius Caesar is said to bear a Sphinx, a bird with a human face (whose subtleties could not be discovered but by an Oedipus) only to show the clearness of his understanding. To bear more Eagles than one, is called Eaglets; and among the A gyptians, Per Aquilam & falconem rem maximae velocitates, saith Keecher, and so doth the Cross between the four Falcons in the Coat of the Right Honourable Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, and Lord Treasurer of England; whose Falcons, if they rouse their wings, is equal to the swiftness of the Eagles.  Una Aquila innumeras Exagitabit aves.  blazon of arms 
Homer is said (by Alexander Paphius, as Estachius testifieth) to be born of Egyptian Parents: his Nurse being a certain Prophetess, and the daughter of Oris, Isis' Priest; from whose breasts oftentimes honey flowed in the mouth of the Infant, after which, in the night he is said to have utred nine several Notes of voices of fowls (viz.) of a Swallow, a Peacock, a Dove, a Crow, a Partridge, a Red-Shanks, a Staire, a Blackbird, and a Nightingale; and being a little Boy, was found playing in his bed with nine Doves: the Moral whereof may be this; By the Swallow was signified his Industry and Promptness, and readiness; and such is the nobleness of this birds mind, V● VITAM POTIUS QUAM LIBERTATEM. Speed beareth two Swallows in Chief, as a note of his mind, and industry in his Chronicle; and, why it is borne in the Coat of Arundel, is declared at large in my Sphere of Gentry: by the Swallow also is signified his noble Muse, TENDAM PAULUM MODO TOLLAR IN ALTUM, Poesy like; the Swallow must be free AMICA NON SERVA, it brings tidings of the Spring. By the Peacock is denoted the property of proper valour, SIBI MET PULCHERRIMA MERCES, and spreads the Tail of Troy, (UT SIC PULCHRIOR) and so admires himself, TRAHIT MUTATQUE VICISSIM: Homer tells both their glory and their woe together, ET CANTU MAEROR. Though indeed the Grecians had this property of the Peacock, to be admirers of themselves, being encouraged by Jun●; they are borne by Smith perhaps, because Vulcan was an enemy to the Trojans.  Mulciber in Trojam pro Troja stabat Apollo. 
— Two Doves from heavens ethereal round  
Stooping light gently on the verdant Ground.  
The Elysian Fields having a Wood near for none but pure and pious Birds, from which all Ravenous and Obscoen one's were driven away: so that what is signified by the Dove is plain; and though it be true that Aquila non generat, etc.  
Yet when an Eagle brought a young Stock-Dove and laid it in the Cradle of Diadumenus, the Son of Macrinus, it signified that he should be Emperor, because that day he was born, an old Woman brought his Mother a Present of Pigeons. Sir John Frederick bears three of these Birds in a Chief, and the field of the same Metal of Aeneas his branch; and how far the Symbol of his Name hath suited with his Moderation in Government when he was Lord Major, let even his enemies speak; 
Where one desired Boughs, they perch when Rays  
Through Branches of discoloured Gold displays.   
The Crow is a contrary colour to the Dove, 
Crow.  and was placed on the fist of Minerva for the Ingenuity thereof. LABOUR ET INDUSTRIA; Even as the Geese were placed on the Shield of Aeneas for their vigilancy, when time should come, giving notice of the approach of the Gauls, enemies to the Romans, in memory whereof the Picture of a Goose was kept in the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. And why Corbet beareth a Raven in a field Or, is, as Camden saith, because the name signifieth a Raven: it is a very fair Coat, seeing every Crow thinks his own Bird fairest; it is the Symbol of Garulity (and the Hierroglyphick of Long life, and so Homer hath perpetuised the honour of his Countrymen:) And though Birds of a chattering nature do much interrupt the Meditation of the Mind, yet the Crow was never discharged from the service of Minerva, till her unacceptable intelligence: Truth not seldom being obnoxious to danger, and a Raven of all other birds is sacred to Apollo, being its voice is articulate and significant.  
By the voice of the Partridge which Homer imitated, 
Partridge.  was signified one of excellent invention, whence the Fable, that Perdix rejoicing at the miseries of Dedalus, while he buried his Son, Dedalus envying the Boy's invention of the Saw and Compasses at twelve years of Age, threw him from the top of Minerva's Tower; he was supported by the Goddess, and by her converted into a bird of that Name. There being no envy so great and deadly as is betwixt Men of the same Profession, 
This the Author hath experience of as well from those who have formerly writ of this Science as those who were his licensers.  for to remove the rival of their Praises; and ever since the Partridge never flies high, INTER CURAS TRANQUILLE DEGENTEM.  
Great height, great downfalls, balance still;  
Be Great and Glorious they that will.  
MANUS SUB PENNIS was the Animals of Ezechiel, to show, that the Works of the hand and the desires of the Mind ought to go together: this made Handcock bear three Cocks in Chief, and a Hand beneath, to show the vigilancy and the labour of the bearer: for, one that is agitated by generous thoughts, had rather by himself trace out a way to Heaven, than to tread in others Tracts on Earth! Plurimum enim ad inveniendum contulit qui sperav●t posse reperire. The Crane, what does it signify but Pietas erga parents & venenatoribus gratae; 
Hearne.  So also is the Hearne. He that beareth the Redshank hath overcome incendiaries. QUOD SIS ESSE VELIS is proper to the Cornish Chough; and they that bear them are such, who, like Aeneas, have overcome many dangers of the Harpies; Virgil gives you this account.  
No Monster like to these, no Plague more sell,  
Nor sharper vengeance Heaven ere called from Hell:  
The Fowl have Virgin faces and hooked Claws,  
Still purging bellies, always greedy Maws.  

Choughe.  The Cornish Chough amongst us denoteth more especially West-country Gentlemen, where these birds are more frequent, Cornwallis bearing three on a Fez, as being originally of Cornwall, whence they have their Denomination as well as the Bird which is black of Body, but with red legs. By the mystical conjunction of Hawk and Lion in the Griffin, the Egyptians did signify the genial or syderious Sun, the great celerity thereof, and the strength and vigour of it in its operations, and its activity in Leo. By it also the Genius of Nilus was understood, according to Kercher; and to bear Birds of prey, or Monstruosities, is but with Hercules to overcome Centaurs, or the unclean Birds of the Stymphanian lake; 
Harpies.  in the one Carnales affectus virtute animi mortificat, in the other Libidinem velut pestem fugit. So that to bear a Bird with a Woman's face, as the Earl of Oxford doth, and likewise the Families of Astley and Moodies, doth denote men of subtle and enigmatical Wits, who prevail more in their minds then bodies, according to that of Ovid, Met. lib. 11.  Virtutem antiquam majores corpore vires. 
The Parrot, Avis argutula atque etiam humanitus garriens. 
Parrots.  How many younger Brothers shall we find, who with the Martlet have raised themselves by the wing, 
Martlets. Difference of the fourth Brother: These are attributed to these Princes by Speed and others.  rather than by the help of their legs, that is, by sailing and becoming Merchant men, Quin & longas peregrinationes edocet, & soris, vel equo, vel industria victum honoremque quaeritat. And therefore it was born in the Shields of Edgar, surnamed Pacificus, and of Edward the Martyr, and of Edmond surnamed Ironside, and of St. Edward the Confessor.  
INTAMINATIS FULGET HONORIBUS. Ella the first King of the Mercians, An. Christi 488. bare six Martlets, 3, 2, 1.   blazon of arms 
PLUS VIGILA   blazon of arms 
Peter Read of Grimingham in Norfolk, though his Coat be very full, having three Birds on a triumphal bend waved within a Border, yet is honoured with a Canton of Barbary, for his service at Tunis. 
Camden 's Remains.  The Hawk and eagle's head signified Vision, and Gods allseeing Power, Et per accipitris imaginem Naturam Universi, s●u spiritum Mundi intelligebant; per aquilam & falconem rem maximae velocitatis ob summam harum avium pernicitatem figurabant. I shall leave the application to the worthy Bearers thereof, viz. Aubrey and Honeywood, cum multis aliis. Birds denote swiftness in the Wings, and therefore Mercury is called Mercurius pennatus, being winged cap a pe. 
Feathers.  Now for Feathers, those of the Ostrich have had the esteem, ever since Edward the Black Prince gained them at the Battle of Poytiers, and have honoured the Coat of Drax in a Chief, and Clarendon on a Bend, who was natural Son to the black Prince, both serving under that victorious Prince, Son to King Edward the Third; they were ancient military Ornaments, as appeareth by that of Virgil; Cujus Olorinae surgunt de vertice pennae.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
And as the same Poet testifieth, that Vulcan the Armour-bearer of the Egyptians, was signified by the Scarabaeus; his words are these; Vulcanum indicantes Scarabaeum, & Vulturem pingunt, 
Scarabee and the Valthre.  Minervam vero; Vulturem & Scarabaeum. And as Caelius Calcaginus noteth upon this nicety, I know not, saith he, Quid inconvenientiae importat & incongruitatis; quomodo enim uni duo Symbola inter se opposita responderent? which the learned Kercher hath thus ingeniously varied; Vulcanum indicantes, Scarabaeum pingunt; Minervam vero simul cum Vulcano, Vulturem & Scarabaeum. By reason that Art and Arms ought to go together, because that neither Saturn, nor Jupiter, nor Mars, nor Venus, nor Love are of any power, unless they be helped by industry, and Mechanical Arts. In the Coat of Sewell there is a Ch veron between three Scarabees, perhaps to denote, as Peter Servius in his Chapter of the Toga virilis, according to the Proverb, Sua unicuique Minerva; for, saith he, Etiamsi omnia ad Arma spectent, Togam tamen tractare & licet & libet; for the winged and laborious Bee shows whence he derives his Pedigree, and thus I have showed you one part of the Creation on this Day, viz.  
Gestatorum avium Regem numenque verendum,  
Phaebeum Cignum, Samiae, Paphiaeque volucrem  
Et quam Pallas amat.—  
And the reason why Birds are of all Colours, 
Chromotism of Birds.  is as Kercher saith, because Originem suam partim ex aqua, partim ex aere trahant. And I now pass from the Air, or Juno to Seaborn Venus, and take a short view of those Creatures in the waters, whose increase is admirable; and therefore the Hebrews did account their Letter He to be the Conjugal Letter, being the fifth in the Alphabet; and the Symbol of Conjugal affection was the Annulet attributed to the fifth Brother:  
The Owl among the Hieroglyphics, 
Owl.  Signum est sapientiae & acquisitae, quoniam sicuti Noctua nocte operatur, & de die quiescit: ita sapientes qui fugiunt tumultum negotiorum mundi, tranquillam vitam agunt in contemplationibus suis, sicuti nocte, & silentio noctua.  
Now for the Ensigns of this Day that yet remain, viz. of Fish: 
Fish.  
— Varia hinc insignia & illinc  
Syrenas, Delphinas', itemque immania Cete,  
Atque Physeteras, quodcunque nat aequore aperto, &  
Fluminibus; Nilus regnatorum Crocodilum.   
The Sea-horse is a particular Bearing, 
Sea-Horse.  appropriate to Merchants and Merchants Societies, and is born by Tuckers of Devonshire, by Wilkinson, holding of an Escalop shell; and for the same cause is born Mairmen or Maids. The Earl of Sandwich bears Sea supporters, to denote his Dominion on the Sea, signifying for the most part conversation in the deep waters: and for the Dolphin it is the King of Sea Animals, 
Dolphins.  and was born in the Shield of Ulysses, and is testified by Plutarch to be in memory of the Dolphin, by whom his Son Telemachus was preserved. It was born also in the Shield of Aeneas, according to Virgil, Aen. lib. 8.  
About the Ring bright silver Dolphins glide,  
Brush with their Sterns the deep and waves divide.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
And such a Coat with three Escalops on a Pale is born by the name of Stone: 
Escalops.  and Pollard of Devonshire beareth three Mullets, or Pollard-fish, being of the shape of a Star, and its nature is AD LUCEM VENIUNT. Luce beareth three Lucy's, ASTV NONVI. 
Lucy's.  And Gascoign bears the head thereof on a Pale; it is cut off NON VI SED ARTE. Crabb beareth three Crabs, 
Crabs.  and Bridger beareth them RETROCEDENTES ACCEDIT. The Mottos, both for Fowl and Fish are already printed in the Sphere of Gentry. And to conclude, this Chapter, as one saith, the Sea is the Stable of the Horse-fish, the Stall of the Kine-fish, the Sty of the Hog-fish, the kennel of the Dogfish, and in all things the Sea is the Ape of the Land. Egg beareth to his Crest the Sea Horse head, 
Sea Horse.  in memory of his Discovery of Greenland Trade, and the Eagle to denote the height of the Enterprise, every Bearing being an Ensign of Nobility, 
Grasshoppers  as among the Athenians they bore golden Grasshoppers, from the opinion of not knowing their own Originals. So though we know not the Original of many navigable Rivers, yet we know AGITATIONE PURGANTUR. And beautiful Venus is drawn on the water by Swans, having even a green Field under the water, yielding many precious Plants, GERMINANS DE PROFUNDO: neither is the Field Vert otherwise then a good Bearing, though not so frequent, and is that of Venus, the green Field representing the Prince's Colours; 
— Nullas recipit tua gloria metas,  
Hinc Maria, hinc Montes, hinc totus denique Mundus.  
Vix agit hinc hominem pecudum volucrumque libido.   

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To Robert Hook Gentleman, Fellow of the Royal Society, and Geometry Reader in Gresham College.  
SIR,  
THe main end of your Philosophical Transactions being for the cherishing of ingenious Endeavours and Undertake; and for the inviting others for to search, and try, and find out new things, doth appear to me a noble design▪ And though you have for the prosecution of natural knowledge already appointed several Committees, according to the several inclinations and studies of their members to execute the said design; yet I have often wondered, that the visible marks of Honour, I mean Arms, the knowledge thereof among Gentlemen (or as the French call them les Gentlehommes) whose proper Ensigns are Coat Armours, by which they are distinguished from the Vulgar) should be so little sought into, that the Micrographia thereof (of which in Nature you have given us so ample a testimony) is not so much as once sought into: and though Gentlemen have their beginning either of Blood, as that they are born of worshipful Parents, or that they have done something worthily in peace or war, yet none know how they come by their Arms; yet it is apparent how they all proceed from small beginnings; deign then to give one Microscopical View, both upon the Fantastical and Metalline Colours, which this Art hath made, and out of which Heroical Science may be collected a faithful History of Nature, and know that the Escalop-shell had this honour, Ut julius Caesar ejus usum nisi certis personis & aetatibus, perque certos dies ademit, according to Tranquillus; and the reason may be propter speciosam venustatem: and they that took up the Cross with this Shell did at the first Bearing find their fortune counterchanged. And in these divisions of Shields there is the Mathematics of Honour (as worthy your Examination, as des Cartes his Hypothesis of Colours) by which it will appear, that Heraldry is a study for the Virtuosos, wherein there is nothing so vile, rude, and course, but showeth abundance of curiosity and excellent Geometry, and Mechanism, as you may see in the next Chapter, where the Gentleman shall assume Arms, not only from the works of Mature, which hitherto hath adorned his Shield buc from Arts improvement of Nature, in Animals, Vegetatives, and Minerals, and how the Liberal Arts contribute to the Ensigns of the Noble Person, from his skill in Arithmetic, Music, Geometry, Painting, Perspective, Astronomy, Fortification, Cosmography, etc. and frrm the Mechanics for improvements of Sciences.    

CHAP. IX.  
Of the visible Charges of the Sixth Days Work, under the Regiment of Mercury, or the Purpure Shield.  
PUrpure is a colour of Aloy, as proper also is; no Creature in Arms, 
Purpure, a Bordure Quarterly, the first Gules, Enurny of three Lioncels passant Gardant OR, the second Purpure, Ermyne.  being born proper, is accounted good bearing, except it be a Creature of one of the perfect colours in Armoury, and then it hath pre-eminence: and the reason is because Umbra plena & perfecta dicitur ad quam nullus radius corporis luminosi pertingit: and is obscure by the mixture of shadows; which Creatures differ in their Native Colour.  
The Period of the Fifth Day being finished, wherein we have Treated of Creatures living in the Air and Water: come I now to the Conclusion of the whole Creation, by every Species, in such as live upon the Earth, which are of two sorts, the Brute Beasts, and Man as the Colophon, or conclusion of all things else: in whose Nature is placed the greatest Dignity of any visible Creature, Who beareth them all in Shield Coat Armour, or otherwise, where and when he pleaseth, without let, molestation, or hindrance, according to the Law of Arms, with their due differences, according to his first Letters Patents, let him have dominion, etc. Gerere potestatem: id est Magistratum, saith Cicero ad Herennium. The Lion being the emblem of Power: the first Beast that I shall present is that of the Lion, whose colour, or metal, though it be not that of nature, is yet more noble and sovereign.  
En vexilla feris depicta Leonibus, albis,  
Fulvis, coeruleis, rubeis, nigrisque, minaci  
Ungue & hiante ORE,—  
Two Lions Argent and Combitant was said to be on the Shield of Achilles (according to that of Sir Jacob Garrad) thus described by Homer; 
Two horrid Lions Rampt ' and seized, and tug and below still,  
Both Men and Dogs came; yet they tore the head, and leapt their fill  
Of Black Blood.   
Deus cuique dat Arma; and in this blazon you have the word Rampant for Magnanimity, the word Seized for Saliand, Tore for Erased, and for Armed and Languid, They tore and Leapt their fill: So that to bear the White Lion Rampant signifieth one like S. Jerome that brave Lion, which from the Cave of Bethelem made the Roaring of his voice be heard through the World, to the Terror of Heresy, and the astonishment of vice: Hercules his wearing of the Lion's Skin being but to show the subduing of vice by virtue, Dum superbiam & iram vera domat mansuitudine. At the Death of Pandarus Aeneas seems to Blazon the Coat of one of the Conquerors of North-wales thus, 
Bold as a Lion of his strength, he hide him with his Shield,  
Shook round his Lance, and horribly did threaten all the Field.   
Making as it were a Border ingrailed from the proper Strokes of valour: The Lion Rampant was born both by Caesar and Pompey; and though the Lion is the proper Ensign of Majesty, yet it must be made always Armed, because that Majesty is unsafe that is not secured by Power: so that the Lion is attributed to Princes, Precedents, Generals, and all Heroical Commanders; and as Dr. Brown noteth probably, upon some Celestial account, the Great Mogul, or Indian King, doth bear for his Arms a Lion and a Sun, both Gold: the Dormant Lion is the Emblem of Vigilancy, ET DORMIO ET VIGILO, and so is the Sign Leo in Heaven; if it be Roused FORTIBUS RESISTIT, and becomes Passant, SUB PEDIBUS TERRAM: and in every one of these predsients you shall find UBIQUE Leo; the first is Couchant, as the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, TERTIA. DIE RESURGIT, it represents Watchfulness, Regni Clementia Custos.   lion 
1 Couchant.   lion 
2 Rampant.   lion 
3 Passant.   lion 
4 Passant Gardant.   lion 
5 Salient.   lion 
6 Seiant.   lion 
7 Regardant●   lion 
8 Double headed.   lion 
9 Double-Queen, and Crowned.  
The Second is Rampant Argent, in a field Gules, ET LUX ADDET VIRES: The Third is Passant, which, NON MUTAT FORTUNA GENUS: The Fourth is Passant Gardant, and signifieth a strong and prudent Person, FORTITUDINEM MEAM AD TE CUSTODIAM: The Fifth is Salient, and signifieth Diligence, INDUSTRIA ET LABOUR: The sixth is Seiant, 
Kercher obilis lib. 2. cap. 5.  and signifies Magnanimity, PUSILLA NEGLIGIT, Sedere denotat Humilitatem, circumactio prudentiam. The Seventh Rampant Regardant, representing a Noble Mind however, which NEC ASPICIT, NEC TORVE VULT ASPICI, and though it turn the neck, Se non fugere, sed utilitatem a tergo positam sequitur: The Eighth is a Lion Double Headed, Azure in a field OR, and is a singular bearing of prudence, FORTITUDINEM PRUDENTIA; and the last is Double Queve, or Forked Tail, and Crowned UT SCIAT REGNARE; 
Double Queve.  So the Arms of Bohemia was changed from an Eagle to a Lion with two tails, in token of the League of Friendship between Uladislaus King of Bohemia, and Frederick Barbarosa; for, having been both the Head and Tail of the Victory, obtained by the means of Ulaudislaus, in assisting Fredrick with Men and Money against milan: and as Barthol de Saxofer in his Tract of Arms testifieth, he had this bearing given him by the King of Bohemia, Ut Ego (saith he) & caeteri de Agnatione mea Leonem rubeum cum caudis duabus in campo aureo portaremus. Neither may I here forget my own Lion, thus borne, for that PRETIUM IPSA SIBI, in memory of the Daughter, and one of the Heirs of Ivan ap Rese ap Ivor, who bore Argent, 
Herbert Morgan.  a Lion Rampant, Sable crowned Gules; and was descended to William Morgan of Arkston, who bore * Per pale Azure and Gules, three Lions Rampand Argent; and by reason of the division of the Family between the two Brothers of Thomas and David, they did show it, by dividing the Tail thereof, so that the Forked Tail signifies more particularly Confederacy and Strength; as when Rezin and Aram joined themselves against Israel, the Holy Writ calleth them two Tails: and that the Tail signifieth also Alliance to other Families, may be seen by what I have before spoke of the Peacock; but, before I pass from hence, it is necessary also that I speak of the double-Head Lyon. 
Double-head Lions. Horas is here the Author of this Sentence, as the latter part is the saying of Herodotus  Leonis anterior a membra pingunt quod haec ei ex toto corpore robustissima sint; Ita Horas. Posteriora Leonis uti & Omnium opera Deorum judicant; Ita Herodotus: and the Egyptians did further understand by the divers parts of a Lion divers operations, Id est, uti robur Solis in terra, ita posteriora ejusdem effectum solidationis expresserant; the custom to adorn Aquaducts by Lion's Heads was of Egyptian Genealogy, under a symbolical illation, because when the Sun was in Leo, the Flood Nilus was in the full. The Egyptian Hieroglyphic preserved among Kerchers; Rarities was a right hand extended, to signify Beneficia Superna (and a fucil) Et Coeleste, as a Celestial Womb, with a Serpent curving about a Globe, Omnia ambientis & vivificantis numinis vi; the other part being the Mophta Niloticus, having the former parts like a Lion, and the hinder-parts Twisting about, to denote aequali proportione incrementum: and lastly, a double dancette line, to show humidi dispensat. And though introducing false Ideas, of things perverts and deforms the face of truth, yet truly to bear Red Lions, as it is a Martial colour, is a noble bearing, DANT ANIMOS PLAGAE; it many times argueth nothing but the complexion of the bearer.  
Black, Red and White: and near the crimson deep,  
The Arabian fountain maketh crimson Sheep.   blazon of arms 

spelman's Aspilogia.  To his third Son Cambria, in a field Argent, two Lions passant regardant, Gules Armed, and languid Azure, SI NON VIRES ANIMOS: these Arms being borne for a long time by the Princes of Wales, after that division of the Empire of Britain, until Belinus, who took three golden Crowns in a field Azure: and after him Eldred King of England bore three Crowns in a field Gules.   blazon of arms Est Leo sed custos oculis qui dormit apertis. 
And according to H. Spelman, the Passant Lion Mansuetudinem & clementiam significat: and for the Hair and Nails, hear what Kercher saith it signifies, Ungnes & Crines (saith he) Symbola propinquicrum, Ob. lib. 2. cap. 5. A Lion in a Chief signifies one that masters his own Reason, and on a Fez his Sense. Si vis omnia tibi subjice, subjici te Rationi; the Lion Rampant Imperat ipse sibi, 
The noble Marquis of Dorchester bearing a Lion Rampant within Cinquefoiles.  and the Couchant Parendo imperat. The Lion having a divided foot, is called therefore Armed; while the next Creature that I shall speak of is the Warlike Horse, and in the Foot is called Unguled; it is the Emblem of War, according to that of Virgil; Bello armantur equi, bella haec armenta minantur.—  

Chromatisme of the Horse.  Colores maxim communes ei, sunt albus, niger, rufus, saith Kercher: It was Sacred both to Mars and Neptune, and was born among the Military Ensigns of the Romans, and of the Warlike Saxons, who entered this Nation under the Conduct of Hengest and Horsus, Anno 450 It is the Emblem of Celerity, whose best posture is Salient; and being stamped on silver, it became Current Money; it was taken for a Good omen in the Foundation of Carthage: 
Horse heads  
Digged a Horse head, which sign great Juno gave,  
How well in War they should themselves behave.   
The Horse head is borne both by Marsh, Horsey, Heigham, and many others: and by the lloyd's, Heilius, and several British Families; it is often borne bridled, to denote a prudent Martial Man, INFRENABIT APOLLO: and to show the Virtue of Education; for the Bridle DOCET COMPONERE GRESSUS; and further, TUTIOR IN FRAENIS.  

— Est in Equis Patrum virtus, etc. 
Virtus.    

Dapled with White, and two white feet before  
A Star on's Crest in stately manner bore.   
When they are Current, it signifies Perseverance, DONEC AD METAM; and representeth the Bearers thereof to spend themselves in the Service of an other; ALIIS INSERVIENDO CONSUMOR: and being Barded ADDIT ANIMUM; though the Trojan Horse was SPECIE RELIGIONIS, yet Bucephalus was SOLI CAESARI; and as I said before, the Martial Man's Auxiliary: for, in the Martial City described by Homer, when the Greeks had received the Alarm, 
— being then in Council set,  
They then start up, take horse, and soon their enemies met.   
The indefatigable labour of the Man at Arms being like that of this Creature, NULLA META LABORIS; so saith the Wise Man, As the Horse is prepared for the Battle, so Man is prepared to labour and Travail: By Diomedes his wild horses was signified Hercules his eighth labour: Dum Justitiam vindicativam servat in delinquentibus. Cyrus' his Thirst for blood was quenched with what he loved.  
Figure of four Creatures diffre● by their feet.   blazon of arms  serpent 
Azure, a Serpent Torqued in pale OR.   blazon of arms 
That Martial Men should always affect things of courage, is no wonder; and among the egyptians it is said, that Osiris had two sons, unequal in virtue, Anubis and Macedon; Prosecuti sunt; uterque Armis usus est insignibus, aliquo animali haud ab corum natura dissimili; nam Anubis Canem, Macedon Lupum insigne armorum tulit; the Wolf is used among the Ensigns of the Romans as a part of the shield of Aeneas. 
Wolf.   
Mars pregnant Wolf in a green covert lay,  
And hanging on her breasts, two Infants play.  
The Egyptians figuring by it Rapine and Spoil; and impatient of Hunger, as the nature of it showeth; it is dedicated to Mars, Peregrinum etiam notare: they further note, that by the head of a Wolf was signified the time past, Quia animal est summe obliviosum (such a bearing was borne by Hugh Lupus) by the head of a Lion the time present, Ob ejus fortitudinem & potentiam: and by the head of a Dog the time to come: Quod nobis semper canum more abbland●ens ad se cum spe invitet: the name of Lovet, quasi Lupellus, beareth two Wolves in a field of Mars; and Love, quasi lupus beareth a demi D●g; the one being nothing more kind, and the other SUA ALIENAQUE PIGNORA NUTRIT: Mallovel, that is Malus lupellus, as Camden testifieth; and Maleverer (bears three Greyhounds, 
Dogs.  which it seems are none of the best) from being evil hunters: but of all Military Ensigns Pierius interprets the Dog to have a generous mind, as the symbol of gratitude; it was in great worship among the Egyptians, Canis etiam Proserpinam designabat; and its generosity is seen, Qui nec aversos morte sterneret, nec imbecilles, nec inermes, nee foeminas, nec pueros provocaret; its proper posture is sitting; which posture denotat humilitatem, Circumactio prudentiam, etc. its vigilance is much, giving warning, EX ORE SALUTEM; it useth perseverance, DONEC CAPIAM; its Animosity is VICTORAM NON PRAEDAM: It is insatiable of Honour, EXPETIT ID QUOD ABEST; 'tis in all things DOMINO MANDANTE: it is the Symbol of Fidelity, INCORRUPTA FIDE; if it be rewarded with a collar, 
Dog's Choler.  MAJORA EXPBCTA●, and PROHIBET ET INDICAT; now I have showed Et equis Canibusque Lupisque; let me further show you other noble bearings still behind.  
— Et Barris, ac Tigribus, ursis,  
Et Pardis, Tauris.—  
Mitibus atque ovibus: Referam ne coetera bruta,  
Quadrupedis Genus omne vides.  

Elephant.  It is called Barris in Latin, as signifying Strength; for such is the Elephant; it is called Elephas ab Elphio in Greek, for the great quantity of its body; it hath understanding and memory, even excelling Men, embracing goodness, honesty, prudence and equity, having a delight both in Love and Glory: UT PURUS ADOREM; they wash and salute the Moon; SIC ARDUA PETO, and it is borne Gold in a field Gules, by the name of Elphingston, and by the Royal Company Trading into Africa, with reverence to their Merchandise of Elephants Teeth, which ASPERITAS POLIT; it signifieth the bearer to be Great and Good, 
Ivory.  IN OMNIBUS VICTOR PRAELIIS. Many times the Proboscide thereof is born in Arms, as to signify INFESTUS INFESTIS; and the heads are often born NEQVE VORAX NEQVE RAPAX, according to the example of Samuel, NIL RAPVISSE PROBANS▪ all which is enough to prove the Bearing thereof to signify honest Qualities.  
The Tiger is most fierce in nature, and so is the Leopard, 
Tiger. Leopard.  but subtle, using policy where it wants strength. It is born in the Coat of Tattershall (and others) looking in Mirors VITREAE PROPRIAE TARDATUR IMAGINE: and as they are bred in India, they may properly be born by Merchants, trading into those countries', which many times expect great matters, and with the Tiger, FALLITUR IMAGINE. The Tiger was pictured on the Prow of the Second Rate Ship of Aeneas, according to Virgil: 
Ith' brazen Tiger Massicus first stands,  
From Clusus he a thousand Youths commands. 
Ogle. Aen. lib. 10.    
The Eagle that carried away Ganymed, and the Bull which carried Europa, being nothing else then Ships bearing these Ensigns in their Prows, where we contrary to the Ancients, carry them in our Sterns: and as one saith, all Ships are descended from the Loins or Ribs of Noah's Ark. So this Age begat all these Ensigns both Military and Civil on Sea and Land, the River Tigris being so called from its swift Current, this being a Beast virtute & velocitate mirabilis, and is a proper Bearing for Merchants.  
The Panther is the Emblem of a good name, which is as precious ointment, this creature having so lovely a scent, as it is very desirable, 
Panther.  (and of such variety of Colours as is delightful, from its mouth proceedeth that kind of Aromatic smell, ut OMNIA TRAHAM, by which scent other beasts are drawn to follow it, and many times BLANDIMENTO PRAEDATUR, the looks of it being so terrible, that it hides its head. It is a watery creature, as is the Mountain-cat, 
Cat of Mountain,  the Cat being so called from catat, 
Cat.  id est, videt, saith Upton. It is impatient of captivity, and is bo●● in several English Coats; and it is of that nature, CUM LUDIT LAEDET. It is an Emblem also of polite and neatness, having much of the nature of the Leopard, violent subtle, and born passant. Gardant is their proper posture, ET UELOXET RECTA: neither is the blue Cat an unworthy Bearing in the Field Ermine, seeing it denoteth a wise foreseeing man, and one that will, as we say, keep his foot out of the fire, and out of the water too; and so in a field of such purity it denoteth the Bearer to be one who is willing to sleep in a whole skin. It is also of Colours undeterminate, 
Adam's.  sometimes black, sometimes white, sometimes yellow, sometimes spotted, etc. It was in esteem among the Egyptians as a sacted Hieroglyphic, and among all creatures this, as well as the Tiger and Panther, are the only Beast, that for their variety of spotted skins and furs are in great request, the Panther's skin being all white, making vary in the spots, and the Cameleopardus fur is vary of white, spots upon a red ground representing the Bearer of these furs to be persons more for sight then any wild nature: 
Vary is the skin of Beasts. Fox.  however, though the Fox beareth a soft skin, yet it is of that subtlety, that it plainly shows, FRONTI NULLA FIDES, denoting the Bearer to use stratagems in war, AUT APERTE AUT INSIDIIS, which is justificable in War, though not in Religion, according to Plutarch, Hosts in bello fallere non justum solummodo, valdeque gloriosum, sed etiam suave & lucresum esse: so that furs in a civil sense signifies good warm persons, well lined, and honourable: Vir bene vestitus pro vestibus esse peritus.  

Furs in Arm.  And in a military sense, those that arm themselves with the spoils of others, have gone through the fortune of the Wars, vary of all colours, and at last show a good Coat, though it have as many black as white spots, and hath as much Gules as OR, notwithstanding ORNATET ARMAT. The Potent fur is able to sustain the Bearer, as well as the Pilgrim's staff from the Holy Land; 
Camel.  neither will there need a Camel to bring home their Goods, which creature SUSTINET ET ABSTINET, representing a good Prelate, whose indefatigable perseverance is such, that NEC JEJUNIO NEC VIA, but FLEXIT AD PONDUS. 
Lynx. Hyena.  The Lynx INVISIBILE LUSTRAT, and is eminent for sight. The Hyena chancres its eyes into all manner of Col urs, JAM PARCE SEPULTO. It is an Emblem of a cruel Enemy, which will not let the Dead lie still in their Graves. These two last having their forcemost in their teeth, 
Rhinoceros.  whereas the Rhinocercos hath it on the horn, or its nose (being an enemy by nature to the Elephant) and whets its horn, PUGNAE UT PARATIOR, and teacheth the Discipline of War, JUS ARMORUM DOCERE.  
The Bear is a wild beast, which NATURA POTENTIOR ARTE. It is not found in any of the Imperial Ensigns, 
Bear.  notwithstanding it is an apt Ensign of the sury of War; being born bridled, as in the Coat of Sir James Langham, represents the effects of true Philosophy, NEC SINET ESSE FEROS. It is a sign in Heaven, divided into two Constellations, the great and the less, and why placed there, see my Sphere of Gentry. It representeth also Persons, who by maturity and deliberation do form the Embryo ABARTE PERFECTIO: and its Nobility is tried more by baiting, GENEROSIOR ABICTU; and it hath one alone virtue proper to true love, that is, CRESCET DUM VIVET. The name of Mills beareth Bears to his Arms: 
— Bears that never yet  
Durst in the Ocean bathe their silver fe●t.   
By reason that they are said (nor observed) to set below the Horizon in our Northern Hemisphere, a property that it hath from its near situation to the Axis, admonishing the Bearers thereof, that true Honour binds them to the Honour point, IPSA ALIMENTA SIBI. The Bull, saith the Aspilogian, is robustum Animal & aptum pugnae, and by it was signified labour. 
Bull●  According to Plutarch it beareth the yoke, SVAVIT ATE NON VI, and being gelded, MUTATUS ABILLO, and is said to signify a man of Arms wounded by a Lance in the Genitals; notwithstanding painted heads or horns are not to be feared, as Perillus his Bull, whose terror was so great, that there was none to try the experiment on but the Inventor thereof, VENTURE NON CORNUTIMENDUM, denoting the just desert of the contrivers of evil, INGENIO EXPERIOR FUNERA DIGNA MEO. 
Horas.  The Horn is Fortitude, HIS SECURUS, and was born on the Helmets of many worthy Captains, as a peculiar cognizance. And the Prince of Salerna having builded a sumptious Palace in Naples, on a Pinnacle whereof in the forefront he erected a pair of horns, with a Motto in Italian, which in English is rendered: 
I wear the horns which each man sees by view,  
And some men wears them too, yet scarce believe it true.   
Implying thereby to quip a certain Nobleman, who talked dishonourably of a Lady, having himself a Wife suspected, CONDIGNA MERCES. 
Bugle horns.  As for the Bugle horn, it is born by the Counts of Horn as an Emblem of Forestership; and among us both by forster's, Huntleys, Waits, and many other, as Guardians, and as having free Warren of the King's gift. As for Oxen, 
Oxen.  they are born either whole, as in Oxendens Coat, as a note of men of great possessions. In the Heroical times Homer not mentioning money, but so many Beefs, who says, that the golden Armour of Glaucus was worth a hundred Beefs; and the copper Armour of Diomedes worth nine, and the incomparable Shield of Achilles Vulcan had framed: 
A herd of Oxen than he carved with high raised heads, forged all  
Of Gold and Tin for Colour mixed, and bellowing from their stalls;  
Four Herdsmen followed after nine, Mastiffs went in herd;  
For all the herd upon a Bull that deadly bellowed.    blazon of arms 
The Ox was the Ensign of the Carthaginians as well as Egyptians: and the Minotaur was among the Ensigns military of the Romans, quia non minus, inquit Festus, occulta esse debent concilia ducum, quam fuit domicilium ejus labyrinthus. Hercules his dragging the Cretan Bull by the horns, what is signified but CRETAE INFENSUM, and in all his labours tended to Virtue: by this was signified in particular literatam Virtutem summo studio amplectitur. And by his cleansing of the Augean Stable, that held the dung of three thousand Oxen for thirty years together, he shown how he malitiam voluntatis Virtutum study in bono inflectit. The heads of Bulls are born either caboched, that is, foreright, as in the Coat of Morgan of Tredeger, and of  in Surrey; 
Bull's heads.  or else joined with part of the Neck, which is either Erased or Couped, all which are Ensigns as well of Reward as Labour; for in the digging the foundation of Carthage, there was found the head of an Ox, which was a presage of a fruitful Soil, and of a City laborious, and always subjected, both which qualities are implied in the Shield of Oxewick, whose Cheveron, as it yoketh the Ox heads, it is between. So by the benevolence of Jupiter it springs with Cinquefoils, Bovis putrefacti sobolem esse apes: 
And if thou Herds and Steers delightst to keep,  
Or Goats that burn the Corn or fleecy Sheep,  
Seek pleasant Groves.   
The Golden Fleece is the Ensign of Jason: and Lambert bears three Lambs Argent, it being the signification of the name, 
Lambs.  viz. fair Lamb; would the last had been PARENTI SIMILLIMA PROLES. Some will have the name to signify famous, the Captain of the flock wants not Arms; for an an onset he makes a retreat, UT VALIDIUS: and many times leaves his Fleece behind, VELLERA PRO DAPIBUS. The Egyptians worshipped Jupiter Hammon under the form of a Ram, 
Rams.  denoting the first Bearer to be a man pious and humble: 
Duxque gregis dixit, sit Jupiter unde recurris,  

Ovid. Me▪ lib. 5.  Nunc quoque formatus Lybis est cum cornibus Ammon.   
And from the strength of the head of this Creature is taken the military Engine called a Ram, three whereof are born by the Right Honourable the Earl of Lindsey; and as the Ox is the Symbol of Agriculture, and the Goat of Fecundity: so this is of strength, and the Lamb is of meekness and utility, whose wool is not the spoil, but the reward they own to man, who causeth it to be died in the several Colours whereof he makes his Coat, even from the Crown of the head to the sole of his feet, making him esteemed as honourable even from the goodness of his Coat, & quicquid in eo reperitur.  Hunc homines decorant quem vestimenta decorant. 
Which if it be adorned with Gold, it shows him to be noble, or some invincible Hero: 
— Vni siquidem nil deperit auro  
Ignibus.—   
Even in this fiery Artisans Shield this Bearing was obvious as appears farther: 
Then in a passing present Vail the famous Artsman fed  
Upon a goodly pasture ground iich Flocks of white fleeced sheep,  
Built Stables, Cottages and Coats that did the Shepherds keep.   
Dovecoats being in the Coat of Sap-coats, 
Dovecoats.  but as an Ensign of an ancient Mansion-house. And Yates beareth three field-gates, as the preservers of their flocks from stray.   blazon of arms 
All his twelve Labours, if he had not performed, he could not have become immortal, TV NE CEDE MALIS, sed contra audentior ito. It is called Verres among the Latins, quod grandes habet vires: it signifieth the Bearers to be subtle and strong Warriors, whose property is rather to die in Battle, then to save its life by flight, MORI POTIUS QVAM DESERERE; and it is a numerous Bearing in the Shields of Martial men, for that very cause, DEPASCITUR ET EXTERMINAT is the effects of War. The Phrygians bore a Boar, and Mesala Corvinus a Sow. 
Coneys.  The Coney is a little Creature, yet build its holes in the rocks; denoting little in power, yet prudent in domestic occasions: 
Hares.  and the Hare in its current posture noteth FUGA SALUTEM; and it hath this property, ASCENSV LEVIOR. 'Tis born both by Coney and Conesbye, as a Rebus to their Names, 
Squirrel.  and as persons being long dwellers in their ancient possessions, accomplishing great things by small beginnings. Neither may the Squirrel be forgot among the small Creatures, born in Arms by the lovel's, Creswells, and Woods, Kelseyes and others, it being a little Creature that is satisfied with small things, and knows how to sail with every wind, ALTERAM INVASIT SPIRITUS. It also signifieth an industrious person, that cracks the shell to come at the kernel; VINCIT SOLERTIA VIRES, to teach the Bearer that of Aemilius lib. 1. Ingenium hominis omnia domat: and to bear such small Creatures is, Gerere aliquid priva●im.  
He that beareth an Ape may imply one that happily hath destroyed such a one that COMPLECTENDO NECAT; 
Ape.  or else one that like the Alchemist, who in trying to imitate Nature, SE IPSAM SEDUCIT, that either embraceth the world so close, that he hurts the issue of his better parts; or else so prodigal as to spend his estate to purchase to himself the title of a Philosopher by fire.  
Opposite to the Ape is the Ermine; 
Ermine.  the one being nasty and treacherous, the other pure and innocent, whose skin is worn as an honourable covering, because IN PURO TANTUM. It is the Arms of Britainy, and is a white creature, having but one spot on the tail thereof, and hath this property, POTIUS MORI QVAM FOEDARI. It principally signifieth virginity of mind with beauty of body; Rara est adeo concordia formae, atque pudicitiae saith Juvenal. Quere whether or no Teudor remaining with the Duke of Britain all the time of Edward the Fourth and Fifth, did not occasion their bearing of their Lion OR, and the Field parted per bend sinister Ermine, and Erminees as remaining under the bounty of the Duke: and though half the field was black with white Ermines, as being under the sinister fortune of Princes; yet the Lion being raised and Rampant, became victorious under King Henry the Seventh. The Lion denoteth power, and the Ermine honour, and so aestimatio genere valet, non magnitudine.  
The Mole or Want may represent one who hath been condemned to perpetual imprisonment; 
Imperfect Animals.  or such who all their lifetimes were servants, but were at liberty in death, though indeed Twisleton beareth them in point of good Husbandry, as may be seen by the hand and Mole Spade in the Crest: and we know what Solomon concluded, when he went by the field that was grown over with weeds. The Want hath fingers, 
Mole:  lest the Idleman should want: and it hath no eyes, that the Husbandman might see to that. It hath a black and a soft skin, who is always born proper, while others bear terrestrial Tortoises with a white and a hard shell. 
Tortoise.  So doth Gaudy in a green field, as a sign of a blessing to the Meek; for they shall inherit the Earth. MANERE DOMI ET TACITAS is modest prudence, GRADITUR NON EGREDITUR. And when his King or Country requires, CUM TEMPORE REDIT. As for the Urchins, 
Hedgehog.  they are born also in point of possession by Abrahall of Vrchinfield in Herefordshire. And the Herris' of Shropshire armed on the defensive part UNDIQUE TUTUS. 
Porcupine:  And the Porcupine is VNDEQV AQVE MUNITUS; Claxton bearing three Porcupines, and augmented with a Canton, for the proper valour of one of that name. SPES ET TUTAMEN IN ARMIS; for he that hath much hath care, and he that hath little hath hope, par est fortuna labori. The man of Honour will not so soon part with his Arms, 
Beaver. Otters.  as the Beaver with its Stones, VT VITAM REDIMAT; and why should Proud boast of three Otters in his Arms, seeing SAEVIT IN OMNES, every one threatening present death to the Fishes in their mouths, and death can persuade where none can: 
Ovid. Ele. lib. 32.  Omnibus obscuras injicit illa manus:  
And which is more.  

Virg. Geor — Beasts fly his fiery darts,  
Deject with trembling fear the proudest hearts.  

Badger.  To bear the Badger or Brock is in memory of some stratagem performed in the night, as some of the family of Broght●n of Staffordshire affirm. But I rather believe it to be in allusion to their name, as Broke beareth it; or else for the delight the Bearers had in hunting of the Badger, in following the advice of Virgil: 
Oft hunt the Hare and Deer with full-mouthed Hounds,  
And thrust forth Boars sheltered in wood-land Grounds.   
Such is the Honour of Arms, that the Muse of Virgil all along hath advanced Rural Exercises even with the Gentility, and so is duly placed upon his Monument: 
— Cecini Pascua, Rura, Deuces;  
— Swains, Tillage, Arms I sung.   
Himself also sings the Rise of Gentility in the first Book of his Georgics: 
None to the scorned Blow due honour yields,  
Swains pressed for Soldiers leave neglected fields,  
And crooked Syths to Swords transformed are.   
Hay of Scotland, from whom the Earl of Carlisle, bearing three Escoutcheons Gules, and a Blow yoke, in memory of him and his two Sons, that with their Plow-yokes in their hands, repulsed the whole Army of his Countrymen flying from the face of their Enemy, and in a narrow passage caused them to return, by which means they gained a notable Victory; only this by the way, that where Beasts of prey are born in Arms, 'tis a sign of some achievement in the field; and where domestic things are born, 'tis a sign of peace.  
Under a spreading Beech thou Tityrus set  
On slender reeds dost rural Notes repeat.  
As for other imperfect Animals that were the work of this Day: What is signified by the Bee, 
Bee.  but SIC VOS NON VOBIS, and they that rob them of their Honey, PRO BONO MALUM? If they take Arms, PRO REGE EXACUUNT, and at beat of Drum, CONGREGANTUR SONITV, and in the time of peace MELIORA LEGIT. 
Silkworm. Scarbee.  The Silkworm MUNDI SEMINA SERVAVIT. He that bears the Scarbee, shows he is one that hath quelled sedition MAGNO CUM MURMURE. 
Catedpillar-Cameleon. Snail. Grasshopper.  And the wicked are like to the Caterpillar, DONEC CONFICIAT. The Chameleon NEC SPE NEC METV. And the Snail is the Emblem of Virtue, FERT OMNIA SECUM. The Grasshopper PRAEVIDERE NESCIT, and signifieth a musical Person which hath A PECTORE VOCES; yet because it sung in Summer, the Ant bid it go hop in Winter; Go to the Ant thou sluggard, saith the Wise man, QVOSCUNQVE POTEST: and it is so prudent, that CONDUIT IN ANNUM. The Spider NUNQVAM OCIATUR; and though they be but small, DISCINDUNT MAGNA. 
Salamander.  The Salamander represents integrity, which will last in the sire of affliction: Nempe illaesa manet semper & integritas.  

Frog. Horseleech. Wasp. Mice. Fly. Glow-worm. Moth. Toads.  Maecenas had a Frog to his device that lived both on land and water. True love is like the Salamander, whose Motto is DURABO, and the Horseleech MORDENDO SANAT. Calumny is like a Wasps sting, NON PENETRANT. Mitford beareth three Mice, and represents the condition of a wicked man, FORIS PUGNAE, INTUS TIMORES: and so the Mole-want, ATRIS OBSCURA TENEBRIS. The Fly is the Emblem of Impudence, ET ABACTA REDIT. The Glow-worm IN TENEBRIS LUCET: and the Moth that plays with the light, represents BREVIS ET DAMNOSA VOLUPTAS. The Toads were born in the French Arms, in memory of a Victory obtained in a field full of them.   blazon of arms  rebatements 
Rebatements in Heraldry.  
Quem dies vidit veniens superbum,  
Hunc dies vidit fugiens jacentem.  
Who after his Fall did recover himself by the most accomplished liberal Sciences of Arithmetic, Music, Geometry, Perspective, Pictor, Fortification. The Sciences of Motion and Time, Cosmography, Astronomy, Geomancy. And so it is easy to discern what was the Colour, and which was the Metal, and he needed no Arms, while he did want no Coat, the Creatures being subject to him, while now he is become subject to them in the succession of the Signs, as Manlius hath it: 
Namque Aries Capiti, Taurus Cervicibus haeret,  
Brachia sub Geminis censentur, Pectora Cancro;  
Te Scapulae Nemaee vocant, teque Ilia Virgo;  
Libra colit Clunes, & Scorpius Inguine gaudet;  
Et femur Arcitenens, genua & Capricornus amavit,  
Cruraque; defendit Juvenis vestigia Piscis.   
But methinks I hear the little World claim his Gentility from his Sovereign, Et formavit Dominus Deus hominem expulverem de terra, & insufflavit in faciem ejus spiraculum vitae, & fuit homo in animam viventem. And as if he were yet ignorant in Heraldry, blaming his Descendants for bringing him in the last place, to whom by virtue of his Charter, to rule over the etc. He is God's Vicegerent, 
Gen. 2.  qui habet honorem Coeli, & Terrae, & Solis, & Lunae: and being able to know the Creatures by name, is able also best to know the Language of Arms; for 
I know not which the complete world to call,  
The senseless world, or man the rational.  
One claims complete in bigness and in birth,  
Saith she's complete for man, was last brought forth.  
Man speaks again, and stands in his defence,  
Because he's ruled by reason, not by sense.  
But reason want prevail, the senseless arm  
Thinking that naked man can do no harm.  
But he by reason pla nly doth denote  
He can both Arm and likewise thrash their Coat,  
Bearing their spoils upon his glitring Shield,  
And hence it comes we say he bears the Field,  
Whereon perhaps some savage Beast was slain,  
And by this means did an Achievement gain.  
Virtue with Vice are vary, and do note,  
Armed with virtue is the better Coat.  

Bucol: Eclt 4. " And great Achievements of thy Parents learn,  
" And what true virtue if thyself discern.   

Selden's Titles of Honour.  Nobility or Gentry is nothing else but an inheritance of remarkable estate, and virtue derived from Ancestors, which in the considerations of Philosophers was grounded on natural and moral Nobility, or on that which was as proportionable to what we in the later times call Nobilitas Christiana, as the height of virtue in Paganism could be to the best exercise of Religion. The Names of God in Scripture were preserved among the Phoenician Theology, translated by Philo Biblius, as witnesseth Origines sacrae, the darkness on the face of the deep: the Creation of Angels, and of Mankind out of the Earth. Yet there can be no question (as Selden farther observeth) but that they handled civil Nobility or Gentry, which by the Academics, or Platonics, and Peripatetics, especially reckoned among external things that are good, and by the Stoics among such as are indifferent only. Vossius conceived, That the memory of Adam was preserved among the old Germans, of whom Tacitus speaks, Celebrant antiquis carminibus Tuistonem Deum terra editum, & filium Mannum, originem gentis conditoresque. Either by Tuisto Adam is understood, who was form of the Earth, and by Mannus Noah: or otherwise by Tuisto God may be understood; and by Manus Adam: Corns, or Saturn, under which name the Greeks preserved the memory of Adam, all confessing to have been a Man, and that the first of Men: Saturn, they say, was the son of Heaven and Earth; that is, a Mettle and a Colour, a Hero, he taught Men Husbandry; so did Adam, beside the power which Saturn had, and was deposed from, doth fitly set out the Dominion of Man in the Golden Age, which he lost by his own folly: all Ensigns of wild beasts, Instruments of labour, being then useless.  
No Earth shall Harrows feel, nor Vine the Hook, 
The Golden Age.   
And hardy Plowmen shall their Steers unyoke;  
Nor Wool deceive with artificial dye;  
But in the Meadows Rams in Scarlet lie:  
Or else their Silver fleeces turned to Gold,  
And Princely Purple simple Lambs enfold.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
Lastly, him they called Noble, that had his own inbred Dignity and Greatness of Spirit, of all which this is the best kind of Nobility; among whom Moses (there having been never any, no more than a Man, more Noble than Moses, for greatness of Spirit; refusing the Crown, while a Child, and born in Servitude in Egypt) whose memory is fresh among the Canaanites in the Story of Bacchus; a Dog being made the companion of Bacchus, which was the signification of Caleb, who so faithfully adheared to Moses, all whose Achievements in the Sacred Story being exactly Traced in the Origines Sacrae. So that what hath been said among the bearers of Arms, some bear them as notes of their Parent's Merit, others as signs of their own Spirit; some are stirred up by the Imitation of Ancestors, to magnificence and splendour, like the several day's Creation, wherein every one had an Honorary Attribute; the First Day being as you have seen Egregius: the second Spectabilis: the third Perfectissimus: the fourth Clarissimus: the fifth Illustris; and the sixth Superillustris, by reason of the Nobleman. And you may plainly see (as Politicians speak) there is a Nobility without Heraldry; a natural Dignity, 
Gentility without Heraldry.  whereby one Man is Ranked with another, and Filled before him, accordingly to the Quality of his deserts, and pre-eminence of his good Parts: 
Religio Medici.  Though the corruption of these Times, and the Bias of this present Practice wheels an other way; thus it was in the first and Primitive Commonwealth, and is yet in the Integrity and Cradle of well-ordered Politics, till corruption getteth ground; ruder desires labouring after that which wiser considerations contemn; every one having liberty to amass, to heap up Riches, and therewith a licence or faculty to do, or Purchase any thing.  Perit omnes in illo cujus Lous est in Origine Sola. 

Conclusion of this Chapter  
To Doctor Baldwin Hamey Esquire, and of the Physicians College London.  
SIR,  
THe Physicians of the Prince's Body, Constantine in old time honoured with the Title of Earls; whereof those that had been Professors of Law, and other Sciences twenty years together, deserved by the Law to be made Earls, by the twelfth Book of the Code: and though now they are without that Dignity, yet Divinity, Law and Physic, are as it were the three Graces of Humane life; and are set in Prima cera, in the first place of the Table; and to honour the Physician is a debt. Precedency at first proceeding from priority of Birth, among Men that were of equal Dignity; and afterward Priority of Choice, or Creation, among men of the same dignity, gave the Precedence: as the several Eminency, or Honour in secular Offices was esteemed by the nature of the Employment, by the long or short Robe, by the Usefulness of them to the State, and of the Power joined with them. Of how much use the Physician is, is not at all doubted; and of what honour may appear by that Instrument of Doctorship of Philosophy and Physic, produced by the learned Selden, etc. wherein, beside all the Privileges and Honours due to a Doctor of Philosophy, and Physic, it is also granted, Sibique libros clusos & apertos, biretrum in capite, annulum in digito, osculum pacis, ac sedem sive cathredam, omniaque & singula Doctoratus infignia: All these you having received, made you one of the Long Robe; and the Paludamentum of your Ancestors show Ut acccinguntur omnes operi: and as a Chief in your Profession the Roe is current above the Fez, (and the Nature of the Stars is submitted to your Candid Interpretation; and like a Mullet of Six Points Excitat & dirigit) it hastening to things above; and it is your happiness to be born and framed to virtue, and to grow up from the seeds of Nature, rather than the inoculation, and forced grasses of Education.   

Of Precedency.  
NOw, having thus Run through all the Natural Charges usually borne, or that possibly may be borne on the Shield of Nobles; there yet remains the Nobleman himself, as the Emperor and King; who, though he be reckoned among his Nobility, because he should not be puffed up with the Glory of his Place, and conceive, he were of more Excellent Mould than the rest; though indeed we are all one: yet, he is, both by the Ordinance of God and Man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (as the Apostle terms him) among them, that is, Supreme Sovereign above the rest: I have therefore reserved the last Chapter for himself only; who, as the Head hath vouchsafed to make them, as it were, Members of his Body, and so by them derives the power of his Government; the King having the Precedency and Protoclisie, or fore-sitting in all Assemblies: and such others as have Precedency, 
As the Lord's Treasurer, Precedent of the Council, Privyseal, Great Chamberlain, High Constable, Earl Marshal, L. Admiral, L. Steward of the House, L. Chamberlain etc.  or Fore-sitting, have it by the Prince's indulgence. The Queen Shining by his beams, hath the like Prerogative as Himself hath: after Them, next in Place, are the King's Children; among whom the Male is ever Preferred before the Female: and among the Male the Eldest have the Preeminency in going, sitting, speaking, respect, etc. after the King's Children follow in the next Rank Dukes, than Marquess', than Earls, than Viscounts; and lastly Barons: all which have Dignities either Heritable or Granted, by the Bounty of the Prince, whereupon their Nobility was founded; even as the first Man Adam's was in Paradise, as followeth.  
Now a New Race from Heaven descends to Earth  
O  Lucina aid the blessed Birth.  

Adam  
Seth  
Enos  
Cainan  
Mahalaeel  
Iared  
Enoch  
Methuselah  
Lamech  
Noah Tithia  
Shem japhet Cham  
Eve  
Cain  
Henoch  
Iared  
Methusael  
Lamech   Spes in Coelis, Pes in Terris.   

CHAP. X.  
Of Man, in consideration of his Ecclesiastical and Civil Jurisdiction, as the end of the Creation; and considered in his Military and Political Profession, both in an un-Armed and naked condition, and an Armed and Clothed Endowment.  
AMong the Noble Romans they did always set the Statues of their Ancestors before their houses; 
Argent, an Orle Gules.  Ut eorum virtut s●non solum posteri legerent sed etiam imitarentur: and at Funeral occasions caused them to be carried before the Hearse. The like example shall I set before them that claim Gentility from Adam, whose Spade pleads for the Ancient Trojan Shield: Neither doth it disparage Gentility to ask, Who was the Gentleman when Adam digged?  
Serranus to the Plough did set his hand; 
Boy's Translation of Claudian, in 6 Aeneid.   
Thatched Houses were by the Lictor entered, and  
The Fasces hung on Willow Posts; the Corn  
Inned by a Consul; and he who had worn  
The Trabea tilled the Ground.  
And Eves Spindle pleads for the Lozenge bearing of the Lady; the Man's Atcheivement being gained in the Field abroad, and the Woman's at home.  
Whilst his dear Wife her web weaves fine and strong,  
Shortening long labour with a pleasant song.  

Ridley's View.  The Daughters of Great Houses, so long as they Mary to any that are in degree of Peers, retain their Father's dignity; but if they Mary under the degree, than they lose their Father's Place, and follow the degree of their Husbands; which notwithstanding is practised otherwise amongst us: though indeed Homo mensura omnium rerum: 
Parts of Man.  his head is the symbol of right reason, being the seat of his soul; ANIMA INTERNA RECLUDIT: the Heart is the fortress of Fidelity; HIC MURUS AHENEUS ESTO: the Hand admonisheth the bearer FIDE ET VIDE; so as to look to himself: the open hand is PROCUL AB ICTU; and the Clutched Fist HIS GRAVIORA: an extended hand denoteth Reason; a Clutched Hand force; Rhetoric can persuade, Philosophy convince: the extension of the Right Hand is in signification of a Peacemaker, according to Quintilian, Fit & ille habitus, qui esse in statuis Pacificator solet, qui protenso Brachio manum inflexo pollice extendit: and, as Kercher saith, Per manum dextram extensosque digitos hominem liberalem & sincerum: The Roman Ensign, under Romulus, was a bundle of Grass tied to a Pole, which was called Manipulus, and was afterwards changed into a left hand; and the Soldiers which were under one Ensign were called Manipulares; of which Ovid Faster. Lib. 3.  
Pertica suspensos portabant longa Maniplos,  
Unde Maniplaris nomina miles habet:   blazon of arms 
The French Man had more colour, being in Arms.  They in branched Cassocks shine with gold, their fair necks be adorned. 
Others again among the Britain's bear children's heads, Contrary to Hercules, who strangled Snakes in his Cradle; whereas these contrarily, are like to be strangled by the Snakes about their necks; whose Tradition is, that a Child was borne so in that Family: but I rather think it from the name Vachan, that is little in the British language.  
PREMAT NE PERIMAT is to crush the Serpent betimes, and to use the Foot, before it grow too strong for the Arms; which if Eve had done there had never been any, Naked Women borne in Arms, no, not the Head of a Maiden: but, since they are borne by Marrow, it showeth the power of Love with Beauty; and by Thirkeld, as having released a Lady from Imprisonment, as themselves relate. Thus have I shown you the Human parts disjoined, and naked by which you may perceive, that MENS UNA SAPIENS PLURIUM VINCIT MANUS. Now I shall proceed to show you them joined, and Armed with Clothes; so that in the middle of the Scheame you see our First Parents standing impailed, the Man being Baron, and the Woman the Femme side: 
Honourable Furs.  and on the Man's side you have the Choice of Shields to defend, being honourable Furs, or Skins of Beasts: and on the Woman's side you have as many Lo●engies, call them Spindle's if you please: the first side is Ermine, Ermines Erminois, and vary: the Woman's, the first is Togam splendentem candidam: Suppose it if you please a Linen Garment, first Spun from Flax (before the use of Wool) PULCHRITUDINEM COMPLENT, 
Vestments Ecclesiastical.  making a Garment fit for her Beloved: Quis est iste, qui venit de Edome, saith the Prophet Isaiah, tinctus vestibus de Bosra? valde speciosus est in stola sua. Linen Vestments being used both by the Hebrews and Egyptians, were made by Women, and was accounted more clean and pure than that was flaid off other Animals; and therefore worn by the Priests: the Orale was a Linen Veil to cast over his head; his Mitre was of Linen, as the Poet testifieth;  Nunc Dea Linigera colitur celeberrima turba.  blazon of arms 
That was like the Admirable Maze  
For fair Haired Ariadne made by Dedalus,  
And in it Youths and Virgins Danced, all young and beauteous,  
And glued in one an others Palms Weeds, which the Wind did Toss  
The Virgins Wore.  

How the Arms of Women ought to be borne.  The difference being this, that Maidens wear their Coats of Arms in a Lozenge single, and in their Sleeves, Nobilitas sub amore jacet, according to Ovid; and the Mourning for Maidens being worn, joined to the sleeve under Love: Neither are Married Women denied their Coat, though both are denied a Helm, or Crest; they being fitter for the Spindle than the Sword.  
Apta quidem telae, sed inepta est faemina telo:  
Indignumque viro subdere cola collo.  
Therefore the loan Woman, or Widow beareth her Arms also in a Lozenge, but under Covert Barn, joined with her Husbands.  
— Nec Turpe marito est  
Aspera pro charo bella tulisse thoro.  
And therefore is that side of the Woman also joined to his Sleeve, as it were for Protection from his Arms; and he must have Cover from her Art, the Reel for her Yarn IMPLICATA DISTINGUIT, and signifieth negotiation.  Molilitate viget, viresque ACQUIRIT EUNDO. 
Three Hanks of Cotton is born by the name of Cotton, and makes a good Coat: Sic vos non vobis vellera fertis oves.  
As of Daughters, so of Widows of Peers, 
Ridley 's View.  while they live sole & unmarried, they retain the nobility of their husbands; but if they marry, than they are invested with the condition of their second Husbands, be it honourable or otherwise, which notwithstanding is practised contrarily amongst us. Investure is the same that we call Creation, Adam having a Grant of Tenure to the whole Creation, with all Rites and Solemnities thereunto belonging, so long as he bare Allegiance to his Lord; and his Posterity have right of Succession, about which Heraldry is conversant: and when every one knows his own Coat, 
The Fates conspiring with eternal doom  
Said to their Spindle's Let such Ages come.    blazon of arms 
— And Conquerors laws ordains,  
For willing Realms, and Heaven with valour gains.   blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms  blazon of arms 
Acestes having shot before Aeneas his Arrow fired, and was rewarded by him with a chaffed Cup of Anchises: as Argenton beareth three Cups in token of an honourable Tenure of Wimondley in hartford's, which our Lawyers term Grand Sergeancy, namely, that the Lords thereof should serve unto the Kings of England upon their Coronation Day the first Cup, as it were the King's Cupbearer, which Office is now divolved on the allington's. Littleton where he treats of Feuds or Tenors, so far forth as they are used in England; such as are all those that are called in Latin Feuda militaria, 
Several Tenors:  and Feuda Scutiferorum, which are by the Laws of the Land termed by the names of Knight-service and Escuage, whereof some are temporal, others are perpetual. Temporal are such as are annuities to Lawyers for Counsel: Pensions to Physicians, Fees for keeping of Towers and Castles, etc. And perpetual, are such as a man hath by Grant from the Sovereign or Lord of the Soil, to have, hold, use, occupy or enjoy Honours, Manors, Lands, Tenements, or Hereditaments to him and his heirs, upon condition that the said party, his heirs and successors do homage and fealty to his Lord, his heirs or successors for such honours, etc. Of Feuds Regal some are Ecclesiastic, as for Archbishops and Bishops, who holding them, have right to bear Mitres and Crosiers, Staves, Palls, etc. Others are Civil, as Dukedoms, Earldoms, Viscounts and Lords, to whom belongs part of the Regalia, as Crowns, Swords, Staves of Authority, Parcere subjectis & debellare superbos.  

Cup.  The Cup being the Symbol of Royal Dainties, is here a military Reward. The Arrow-head what doth it signify but a setting apart to the King's service, 
Pheons.  as is continued in the Customhouse to this day? Sir John Harrison one of the Farmers of his Majesty's Customs of London, bearing five Pheon heads on a Cross, which they bore long before the separation to that Office, perhaps as having won the Prize among the Games that were rewarded by the Prince: 
Aeneas strait all those would exercise,  
The nimble Shaft invites, and placed the Prize.   
Some say Harbottles Coat is three Clubs, 
Clubs.  and denotes Valour: so the Club is SVI VINDEX; and 
When shame and well known valour force revives,  
And headlong everywhere he dares and drives.    blazon of arms  blazon of arms 

Arms.  'Tis said that the Lacedæmonians invented the Helmet, and Moses the Crown. Mantles of Estate were first invented for use, as Tents by Lamech, TECTUM MILITIBUS AMPLUM. Epeus' invented the battering Ram. The use of the Shield was to defend the Body, ETIAM POST FUNERA CUSTOS. Of the Gauntlet, TEGIT AC FERIT. Scudmore beareth three Stirrups to mount the War-horse, and Devic three Chivaltraps to dismount the Horseman. Some Arms are offensive, some defensive, all of them in the Achievement of a Knight, with his Sword, Helmet, Gauntlets, Shield, and Crest, and Mantles, he becomes a man of Arms; neither is the Tassels thereto appending to be slighted, seeing it represents either his own military Girdle, or else his Horse's Bridle, by which REGIT ET CORRIGIT. Knightley beareth a Lance as a man of Arms, IN FULCRUM PACIS. And Penyman three broken Spears, VULNUS OPEMQUE GERIT. Crests are the only Ensigns, UT COGIT IN HOSTEM. The Chimaera which Bellerophon conquered, was ens Rationis. Of the people of Solimi under three Generals, Arius, which signified a Lion, Trosibis the head of a Serpent, and Arsalus was a young Kid. And thus have we found out how these Signs came to be called Arms; Jupiter's stealing Europa in the form of a Bull, because the same word signifies a Ship; the fetching of the Golden Fleece was nothing but the robbing of the Treasure of the Kings of Colchis: and the Syriack signifieth both a Fleece and a Treasury; and the Bulls and Dragons which keep it, were nothing else but the Walls and Brass Gates; the one Word signifying both a Bull and a Wall, and the other Brass and a Dragon: The Ensign of Foot, AUDENTES FORTUNA JVAT; and the Standard is so called, Ad rem stabilem; every common Soldier is at Beat of Drum; which PERCUSSUM RESONAT: and the Trumpet ANIMAT EXANIMES; the Great Artillery SONITUS AB IGNE: And if the Soldier lose his life in the Field, he hath the Honour of a Roman.  
Romans for Liberty their lives contemn.  
— each shook two Alpine Spears,  
And for defence a mighty Target Bears.  
The Shield of Pallas, and Helmet of Pluto are defensive Arms; and the Falchion of Mercury offensive, by which we conquer: And thus have I led you through the Fields of Mars, where the Lanciers Burrs Arm the Wise man's Spear, and the Spear heads are esteemed, since borne by Price, and now 
Venus gliding through aetherial Spheres,  
The expected present to Aeneas bears;  
The fatal Sword he drawing, did Admire;  
And Cask with direful Crests, ejecting Fire:  
His bloody Corslet of a wondrous Mould  
Pondrous he lifts, glistering with Brass and Gold, 
Aeneis lib. 8.   
Like a Dark Cloud gilded with bright Phoebus' Rays,  
Which round about reflecting beams displays:  
Then his light Greves, which purest Gold did Gilled  
His Spear, and wonders Graven on his Shield,   
And, what made me venture on such a Work as this, who am not able to gather the Hyle, or dross of all the Elements, to such a Noble Art, may be wondered at, considering I am feign to lay by my other employment, with the Cyclops, at the command of Vulcan?  
Cyclops lay by your several Tasks, he said,  
Arms for a valiant Hero must be made.  
Whereupon, understanding from the Captain of the 
* Aeneas.  Britain's, of 
A spacious Grove, near Ceres' sacred Flood,  
With Hills surrounded, and a shady Wood:  
The ancient Grecians, may we Fame believe,  
Did to the rural God Sylvanus Give.   
(And appointed him a Holy Day:) Whether I was overtaken with the Pleasantness of those Fields of Parnassus, Tempe, and Helicon, or whether I was above my own Sphere, I know not; but I was supposed to be besides myself; and talked as if I had Aunts at Hippocrene; and that Calliope was my Mother: though the Poets say, They were all Virgins: and, I said so too; but they were Ravished by Homer and Virgil: The first was the Herald, and the other Painted after his Copy; and therefore (I thought) I might make use of my Faculties: Whereupon I sent these Lines following to Calliope, taxing Her for being a Goddess to the Heralds, and a Stepmother to Me; 

Ovid. Trist. lib. 2.  Inter tot populi, tot scripti millia nostri;  
Quem mea Calliope laeserit, unus ero.   
Craving thus for the free use of my Profession: Seeing Scipio Ammeratus was allowed to Paint Genealogies in Parnassus, where I now Live, under the Protection of Apollo.  
Ad Calliopen.  


Carpenter's Geography Lib. 2. p. 269. Ad Matrem Academiam.  UNkindest Mother, hath my former years  
So much deserved your hate, or these my tears,  
Thus to divorce me from my right of Birth,  
To be a stranger to my native Earth?  
Will you expose me on the common Stage,  
To strive and struggle in an Iron Age?  
Was better taught your Office than my fate,  
To make me yours, yet most unfortunate.   

And while I sat to hear Calliope sing,  
My Winter suddenly o'ertook my Spring:  
Have I served out three Prenticeships, yet find  
My Trade inferior to the most humble Mind?  
Or am outstripped by Unthrifts, which were sent  
Free with Indentures, ere their years were spent?  
Have I so played the Truant with my hours,  
Or with base Riot stained your sacred Bowers?  
Or as a Viper did I ever strive  
To gnaw a passage through your Womb to Thrive?  
That I am plucked from the Breast, to try  
What I can do, when as the Duggs are dry.  
Had I encountered, as I once did hope,  
The God of Learning, in the Horoscope;  
My Phoebus would auspicious looks incline  
On my hard fate, and discontents to shine;  
Now Lodged in a luckless House, rejects  
My former Suits, and frowns with sad aspects:  
Had I been born when that eternal hand  
Wrapped the infant World in her first Swaddling Band;  
Before that Heraldry was taught the way  
To Rock the Cradle, in which Honour lay;  
My Learning had been Husbandry, my Birth  
Had owed no Tole, but to the Virgin Earth:  
Nor had I courted almost thirty years  
The Court of Honour with officious Tears;  
To Live had been my Industry, no Tongue  
Had told your Honours, suffered by my wrong:  
The fowl aspersions on my Calling thrown,  
They might, in right, acknowledge for their own;  
Only this difference, to Men wanting worth,  
They Sell Preferments, and I Paint them forth;  
Your Honour can't be bribed, to Honour with a Kiss,  
Their Guilded-Folly; it deserves the Hiss:  
Accuse not my Just Anger; but the Cause  
Nature may urge; but Fury scorns her Laws.  
O Pardon, Mother, something checks my spleen!  
And from my Pen takes off my angry teen:  
Revolted Nature by the same degrees  
Goes and returns; begs Pardon on her knees:  
You are a Mirror; I'm by reflection taught  
To feign defects; You Guilty are of naught.  
I, in my Calling, by your Indulgence Thrive;  
Were they as just, as you are free to give,  
We all might share a portion of that Store,  
Which now the Sons deserve, the Slaves devour:  
Whose Will is seldom measured by the Law,  
But Power; whose greatness your Edicts can awe:  
Slights thy Decrees? O would Imperial Jove  
But once descend from his high Court above;  
To see, the Innocent and Maiden-hands,  
By his own Servants basely shut in Bands:  
And, hearing my harsh Bondage would set free,  
And their unkindeness hate, and pity me;  
Then to your Bounties I will turn my sight,  
From my dark confines to your Glorious Light.   
Scarce had I shut up this tedious Discourse, spent for the most part upon such Symbolical intimations which receive their efficacy from the fancy of the Contriver; but surprised with a deep melancholy of what I had so rashly written, I called my meditations to a strict account, to examine what motive should make me run so far to meet the ambition of my Countrymen, or my own affection, the remembrance of some grievances, seconded by mine imbred nature, never taught to fawn on misprision, began to check my officious Pen as guilty of too much weakness, in meddling with that which belonged to the Heralds, when suddenly as in a vision there appeared to me Calliope, the Goddess of Heraldry, who with a discontented Countenance, and harsh Language, seemed to chide me in this manner.  
Fond Son, who taught thy undeserved praise  
To crown my Art thus with their thankless Bays, 
Carpenter Geog. l. 2. pag. 267●   
What Legacies bequeathed that Soil to thee,  
But fruitless hopes, and helpless poverty?  
Which of these Worthies whom thou crownest with Bays,  
Will e'er thy wants relieve, or fortunes raise?  
How oft hast thou drawn out thy precious time  
To tutor in their Arms their youthly prime,  
Who like respectless and untutred Swains,  
With loss and obloquy reward thy pains.  
Such are the Darlings whom thou makest to ride  
In a triumphant Chair by Honour's side.  
Thus thou unwise giv'st immortality  
To those whose base reproaches follow thee.  
Even those thou knowest, thee they do accuse  
To my disgrace and grief thy hapless Muse.  
And vauntest thou still upon their Worship's Names,  
That own to me their worth, to thee their shames?  
Thy wants enforce thee still with me to stay,  
When each Pedant or makes or finds his way  
To play and stake it at that lawless game,  
Selling my Honours for to buy their shame,  
By griping Brokers, since the fatal time  
That fair Astraea left thy thankless Clime.  
Thus thy admired Mistress, Charity,  
Set strangers in he lap, and shut out thee.  
Hast thou been honoured by my sacred breath  
'Mongst rude Arcadians thus to beg a death?  
Be ruled by me my poor, but yet loved Son,  
Trust not their smiles wh●se wrongs have thee undone,  
Although the least among my learned Sons,  
Thy fortune told thee that I loved thee once.  
Mount up thy mind, let not forced want conspire  
To sell thy Scarlet to a worthless Squire;  
Nor grace with Minivere or Ermine, he  
That hates his Country in not loving thee:  
Or if thy Nature with constraint descends  
Below her own delights to practic ends,  
What greater glory can thy ashes have,  
Then thus preserved so near thy Mother's grave?  
All thy endowments owed to my womb,  
Return them back, I'll there erect thy Tomb,  
And I will promise thy neglected bones  
A firmer Monument than speechless stones.  
And since my Art's restored to 'tis pristine hue,  
Which former times admired, ours never knew;  
I'll give thy milky Soul a Pen to write,  
Though all the world be turned a Proselyte.  
All this time as in a Fit of Frenzy I have spoken I scarce know what myself, I fear too much, to, or of my Country and Art, and too little for the present Purpose. Now as one suddenly awaked out of sleep, no otherwise then in a dream, I remember the Occasion, we have all a Semel insanivimus; and as a learned man of this University seems to maintain, No man hath had the happiness to be exempted from this imputation. And therefore I hope my Reader will pardon me this once, if in such a general concourse and conspiracy of mad men I sometimes show myself mad for company, having a Licence for it, concluding with that Proverb, Nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura insaniae. And if like Phaeton I have provoked Jove, view but the Lightning before and the Thunder after, and repeat but this Epitaph at my End; 
Hic fitus est Phaethon, currus auriga paterni;  
Quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausis.     

I Have read this Tract of Mr. Morgan's entitled Armilogia, etc. and have corrected some mistakes therein, relating to particular Families. But as for the Body thereof, being Hieroglyphical and Poetical Significations and Derivations of all manner of Bearings in Armoury; They are such, as in my judgement would have better fitted the Romantic and Knight-errant Ages, than this we live in, as being (to use the Phrase of a former King of Arms) pleasant Vanities. However it may possibly please some of that old fanciful humour, for whose delight and satisfaction I see no inconvenience to give leave for the printing thereof with those Characters, if either of the Provincial King of Arms shall agree with me for the publishing thereof.  
EDW. WALKER Garter Principal King of Arms. Herald's Office Feb. 19 1664.   

IN this Book are such and so many strange conceits and wild fancies, that I do not know of what advantage the Printing of it can be to any man, that soberly desires to be instructed in the true knowledge of those Marks and Ensigns of Honour, which are called Arms, as to the use and progress of them from their first rise and original; it giving no rational or historical Account thereof. But to those who are affected with Romances, it may, perhaps, be pleasing enough; and therefore, for their sakes I could be content it were Printed; provided that thereby I be not understood to allow and approve of it, much less to recommend it; in regard my discretion in so doing might, I fear, be called in question.  
WIL DUGDALE Norroy. Feb. 21. 1664.   

Books of the AUTHORS already extant.  
LOndon, King CHARLES his Augusta, or City Royal, of the Founders, Names, and oldest Honours of that City, an Historical and Antiquarian Work in Verse with Annotations in 4to. Printed An. 1648.  
Horologiographia Optica, Dialling universal and particular, speculative and practical, together with Topothesia, or a feigned Description of the Court of Art in 4to. Printed An. 1652.  
The Sphere of Gentry deduced from the Principals of Nature, an Historical and Genealogical Work of Arms and Blazon, in four Books in Folio. Printed 1661.  
Armilogia, sive Ars Chromocritica, or the Language of Arms, etc.   

Books ready for the Press.  
THe Genealogies of the Stocks and Families of the Noble Romans, Patricians, and Plaebeians, gathered out of Richard Streinnius and augmented from the Miscellanies of Peter Servius in 4to.  
The Genealogies of all the Kings of England, since the time it was named England (viz. from King Egbert the first Monarch thereof) until King CHARLES the Second. 4to.  
Patriarchae, or the Scripture Genealogies amplified, pointing out the Beginning and Ends of the four Monarchies, and the Hebrew Months brought to ours, whereby may be known upon what Day of the Month the remarkable Actions through the Old Testament happened, etc. Folio.  
Flavius Vigetius Renatus his Institutions of Military Affairs, in five Books, Translated out of Latin, etc.  
The Author doth also advise, that he had and can still procure several Pieces of John Norden his SPECULUM BRITANNIAE, viz. Kent Essex, Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, the Isles of White, Gersey, and Garnsey.   

THE V-indicative Mood, SHOWING A REASON TRUE or FALSE; WHY THE AUTHOR PRINTED THE LICENCE.  
TRue, thou art Mad, false, 'twas for want of Wit  
To write a Book, 'twas they that Licenc'd it,  

Office offended at Boswells Heraldry, Anno 1597.  They did it right; 'Tis false; They did it wrong  
That right to Heralds; always did belong.  
Boswell did Write of Heraldry; and then  
The 
Sir G. Dethick vide p. 41.  King of Arms was King of English-Men and Pleasant Vanities on all He Writ:  
Yet wronged the Author; 'cause he wanted Wit;  
To Print a Book; with Licence from above  
What was his Calling, yet had leave from Jove.  
Brook's could not Brook Brittannia; Ask you Why?  
Camden a Painter's Son, Writ Heraldry;  
Though I have h●ard it said; it may appear  
Brittannia han't the Faults of .  
Vincent doth Rougerose's prick; Rougecroix Cross him, 
Brooks Writ against Camden, and Vincent against Brookes.   
Both Print their Books, but both are full of sin  
As Painters be; But if the King Exalt us  
We're then called Heralds; quasi Herus altus.  
That is, High Masters that must Licence Thee  
Without two Kings; thy Book could ne'er be free,  
If the old Greeks, like them, would not allow  
Aught that was New, what shall be Ancient now?  
Upon whose Works might we safely look,  
To Read, and Con it as a Classic Book. 
Guiliam's Display spoiled between a Printer and a Painter.   
Painters, to be Revenged, have found a way  
To right the Heralds, wronging the Display;  
Joining with Printers, ere their Act of Doom  
Can nip the Heralds Budds so in the Bloom.  
Thou art not Wise but Just by this, I know,  
To Print their Sense since they would have it so,  
'Twas Wisely done, thou hadst a Just Intent;  
Lest thou shouldst wrong an Act of Parliament.  
But there's no Treason in thy Book, 'tis plain,  
Thou needs no Licence, give them theirs again.  
I hate such Kindness as offends, and his  
That Draws my Picture Uglier than it is,  
Though gaily Dressed: I value not a rush  
The Gaudy Praises that must make Me Blush, 
English Horace Published by Mr. A. B.   
And Dread to have my Name bedawed on Paper  
Fit but to light Tobacco-Pipes and Taper;  
Or else to Wrap up Wares of Little price  
In Chandler's, Shops, at best but Plumbs and Spice:  
Adieu all Writing Books, if so be that  
I Pine, when Hissed, or when I'm Hummed grow fat.   

A TABLE of the KINGS OF ENGLAND SUCCESSIVE: Of whose ARMS or BADGES, is something Spoken in this BOOK.  

EGbert 80  
Edelwulf his Son 127. 183  
Edelbald his Son 80  
Edelbert his Brother 80  
Edeldred his Brother 80  
Alfred, youngest Son of Edelwulf 81, 183  
Edward, Senior, his Son 81  
Athellon his Son 81  
Edmund his Brother 81  
Eldred his Brother 81, 182  
Edwine his Brother 81  
Edgar Pacificus, Son to King Edmond 81, 165  
Edward the Martyr, Son to King Edgar 81, 165  
Edeldred, Son to King Edgar 81  
Edmond Ironside, Son to Edeldred 81, 165  
Canutus the Dane 183  
Harold Harefoot, Base Son to K. Canutus 183  
Canutus 2, Son to Canutus 183  
St. Edward Confessor, Son to K. Edeldred 8▪  
Harald, Brother to Q. Godith, and son to Goodwin E. of Kent 183  
William the Conqueror 18  
William Rufus his Son 183  
Henry the First his Brother 183  
Stephen Sisters Son 183  
Henry 2, Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, and of Maud the Emp. 183  
Richard the First his Son 184  
John his Brother 71  
Henry the Third his Son 189  
Edward the First his Son 69, 85  
Edward the Second his Son 85  
Ed. 3 his Son 81, 125, 129, 144, 183  
Richard the Second 184  
Henry the 4, Son of John a Gaunt 144, 184  
Henry 5, his Son, 83  
Henry the Sixth his Son 83  
Edward, Eldest Son to Rich. Duke of York, by the name of Edward the Fourth 197  
Edward the Fifth his Son 197  
Richard the Third 144, 197  
Henry the Seventh 125, 189  
Henry the Eighth 144  
Ed. his Son, the Sixth, bore the Red Dragon as his Father 189  
Q. Marry his Sister 189  
Q. Eliz. her Sister 189  
James 125  
Charles his Son, the First 182  
Charles the second 211    

THE SECOND TABLE OF NAMES OF PERSONS and PLACES, Occasionally mentioned in this BOOK.  

A  
ABbott 133  
Abrahall 202  
Abraham 212  
Achilles' shield 59  
The Pattern Propounded 21  
Acestes 59  
Aceron 62  
Agamemnon 182  
Adventurers 45  
adam's 194  
Adam 209. 219  
Alsaph, Bishops See 38  
Alsack 184  
Philip 184  
St. Alban 74  
Alston 148  
Allington 230  
Amazons 147  
St. Andrew 74  
Annubis 190  
Anchises 229  
Apollo 141. 210. 213  
Apis 2●3  
Apleton 126  
Arundel 161  
Argyraspides 6  
Aquitain 183  
Arcadians 40  
Aquiliferi 158  
Arch-Decon 70  
Arius 232  
Arragon 65, 67  
Arsallus 232  
Arbalaster 229  
Argenton 229  
Archer 229  
Artillery come. 45  
Ariadne 146  
Atriades 50  
Athenians 174  
Austria 51  
Aumarle 80  
Earl 80  
Aubrey 168  
Avering 185  
Augustus 146  
Audley 38  
Aulus Cornelius Cossus 62  
Aeolus 141  
Asculapius 142  
Aediles Curules   

B.  
Barbarosa Frederick 180  
Barrett 54  
Baker 170  
Barty 198. 228  
Bacchus 142. 214. 219  
Bellasis 37  
Berecynthia 42  
Berkinhead 124  
Betty 228  
belinus 182  
belus 217  
Bennet 227  
Berkley 228  
Beauford, Duke of Som. 50  
Bethelamites 135  
Bifield 106  
Bide 46  
Blunt 34, 48  
Bloudworth 108  
Blackborn 35  
Blackstock 126  
Blague 128  
Boil 16  
Bourchir 36  
Bossuchio 59  
Botetort 80  
Bohun 82  
Bohemia, King 174  
Boyse 229  
Browne 45, 159  
Bridgman 104, 115  
Bridge 124  
Bridomarus 62  
Bray 170  
Bridger 174  
Brute 182  
Britain 201  
Broughton 202  
Brook 202  
Bright 148  
Burgundy, Duke, 76  
Boulogne Godfrey 77  
Burnett 130  
Butler 228   

C.  
CAniensis 62  
Canaan 212  
Cardinal 210  
Cavendish 197  
Casteill, King 36  
Cambridg, University 80  
Carthaginians 197  
Cambria 182  
Cadmus 14  
Castor and Pollux 37  
Caleb 214  
Ceres 142  
Chrysorspides 6  
Chaucer 82  
Chalinor 96  
Champion 119  
Chichley 120  
Chambrelan 121  
Cham 214  
Cyrus 147  
Clerk 61, 68  
Clarendon 168  
Clare 185  
Claxton 202  
Clovile 210  
C●rvinus 200  
Columbus 63  
Consuls 159  
Courtney 107, 205  
Coel, King 80  
Colchester Town 82  
Cornwall 158  
Earl 205  
Cook 160  
Corbet 163  
Cornwallis 164  
Coney 200  
Conesby 200  
Cotton 224  
Cominy 129  
Cranfield 65  
Crabb 174  
Creythorn 185  
Creswell 200  
Cryoll 185  
Cr●nos, a name of Saturn, 209  
Crew 225  
Culpepper 55  
Curtos, Robert 183  
Cyrus 147   

D.  
DAutrey, alias 16  
D. Alta Ripa. 16  
Day 154  
Dakins 68  
Delaware 52  
Delahay 154  
Dedalus 163  
Delphinate 172  
Dentatus 123  
Deluna 145  
Denmark 183  
Dimon 136  
Diomedes 50  
Diana 142  
Dochen 68  
Drax 168  
Drury 16  
Drake 36  
Drop 91  
Diodumenus 163  
Dymon 136  
Dymock 199   

E.  
EDward, Black Prince 168  
East- India Company 45  
Edgar Pacificus 165  
Edmond of Lang. 125  
Edmond Crowchback 125  
Edmond Iron-Side 165  
Edolph 127  
Egg 174  
Elbing Company 45  
Elphingston 192  
Ellis 41  
England 76, 125  
Emperors Arms 157  
Aolus 141  
A sculapius 142  
Eve 220  
Evering 185  
Eyre 128  
Europa 193   

F.  
FAirfax 54  
Fabius 118  
Fitz 93  
Fishmongers Com. 172  
Fitz Williams 225  
Fitz Roy 205  
Flanders 111  
Flower 127  
Flora 142  
Forster 54, 196  
France 125  
Fredrick 163  
French Arms 225   

G.  
ganymed 193  
Gaunt John 50, 125  
Gardner 130  
Garrad 180  
Gascoigne 173  
Gawdy 201  
Galba 149  
Gloucester Bishops 38  
Glaucus Armour 196  
Godwin, Earl of Kent 183  
Gourney 41  
Gore 51, 84, 85  
Gower 123  
Grimes 16  
Granado 36, 128  
Granger 130  
Griffith 221  
Guildford 129   

H.  
HAmmon 198  
Harding 124  
Handcock 164  
Hampson 133  
Ham 212  
Hamey 188, 215  
Hay 203  
Hastings 223  
Harison 230  
Harbotle 231  
Hardres 185  
Harald 183  
Hamarsley 198  
Hereford City 58  
Hemini 59  
Henault Earl 71  
Hervey 119, 145  
Hector 50  
Helena found the Cross 82  
Herbert 180, 50  
Hengest 186  
Heigham 186  
Hecate 142  
Herris 202  
Heylyn 186  
Hercules his twelve labours. 165, 178, 190, 190, 189, 189, 197, 187, 165, 200, 190, 197  
Herculani 157  
Hid 228  
Howard Duke of Norfolk 58  
Hobert 67  
Howard Catherine 68  
Hortentius 121  
Honywood 168  
Horn 196  
Hook 173  
Houghton 185  
Horsey 186  
Horsus 186  
Hulling 123  
Hutton 145, 159  
Huntley 196   

I.  
IAsper Earl of Pembroke 205  
James 174  
Jacob 213  
Jaball 210  
Janus 214, 181  
Japhet 212  
Jerusalem 78  
India Company 45  
Jocelin of Louvain 184  
Joseph 213  
Ireland 78  
Isaac 212  
Israel 217  
Ivon 180, 80  
Italus 129  
Julius Caesar 160, 214  
Jupiter 13, 141, 100, 212  
Jupiter Hammon 198  
Juno 100, 142  
Juball 210   

K.  
Kelsey 200  
Kirkby 185  
Knightley 232  
Kempe 128   

L.  
LAtimer 58  
Laurence 76  
Lar Tolumnius 62  
Lacie 104  
Langley Edmond 125  
Langham 195  
Lamplew 229  
Lacedæmonians 232  
Lambert 198  
Lesley 58  
Lentulus 118  
Lewis 119  
Leland 127  
Levines 130  
Lluelling ap Griffith 184  
Leyborn 185  
Lynsey Earl, 198  
Lilborn 36  
Lions King, 36  
Lincoln City 80  
Lily 118  
Litleton 230  
London City 80  
Locrine 182  
Lloyd 186  
Lovet 190  
Love 190  
Lovel 200  
Lock 210  
Luna 141, 142  
Lucy 147, 173  
Lupus Hugh 129   

M.  
MAnduit 38  
Mackworth 38  
Manors 45  
Masham 52  
Marcellus 62  
Mazarine Cardinal 56  
Magdalen Col. 68  
Mandevile 119  
Macedon 190, 192  
Marsh 186  
Maleverer 192  
Merchants Companies 193  
Mars 117, 141  
Manipulares 220  
Marrow 222  
Manus 208  
Main 221  
Maynard 221  
Machiavils two Marks of Honour 113  
Mead 119  
Messala 200  
Maecenas 204  
Medhope 185  
Mesala Corvinus 20  
Mercury 177 141, 142, 13, 214  
Meires 214  
Midas 199  
Minerva on the Shields of the Trojans 25, 45, 142, 213  
Military Company 45  
Midhope 185  
Minors 45  
Minshall 148  
Miteford 204  
Mills 195  
Mortimer 37, 41, 106  
Moerger 60  
Monk 121  
Moorwood 121  
Molin● 129  
Mordant 148  
Moody 165  
Morgan 180, 197  
Morison 188  
Moses 213  
Mussard 103   

N.  
NAamah 212  
Neptune on the Shields of the Greeks 25  
Nevile 76  
Neoptolemus 221  
Neptune 42, 217  
Nitingall 122  
Nicholson 145  
Nimbrod 217  
Northumberland Earl 148, 184, 228, 271  
Noah 214  
Notarii militantes 75   

O.  
ORleance Lewis 127  
Oteley 127  
Ousley 165  
Otho 149  
Oxford by whom founded 124  
Oxford Earl 165  
Oxenden 196  
Oxewick 197   

P.  
PAllas 187  
Painell 80  
Palmer 119  
Parkhurst 188  
Patraclus' Funeral Pile 64  
Pawlet 231  
Pan 141  
Peterb●rough See 38  
Pelham 50  
Penny 102  
Pear 118  
Pennyman 232  
Perry 133  
Pentalpha 135  
Peirson 149, 154  
Persians 160  
Perillus Bull 196  
Pembroke Earl 205  
Peter de Rupibus 173  
Percy 184, 228  
Phrygians 200  
Philip's 184  
Pits 104  
Piso 118  
Pirton 133  
Pickering 185  
Plate 38  
Player 93, 98  
Plantagenet 121, 205  
Pluto 141, 136, 215, 226  
Porter 229  
Polyphemus 221  
Pollard 228, 173  
Proud 202  
Price 233  
Propugnatores 135  
Pyrides 221   

Q.  
QUarterman 221   

R  
RAtcliff 57  
Rappach 59  
Read 168  
Rhaea 142  
Richard King of the Romans 158, 184  
Ridgway 169  
Royal Society 46  
Roso 118  
Roberts 148  
Roper 158  
Royal Company 192  
Roman Ensign 221  
Roch 173  
Romulus 62  
Rokisley 185  
Robinson 209  
Rutland Earl, 45  
Rushia Company 45  
Rupibus 173   

S.  
SAndford 31  
Samford 32  
Sawyer 125  
Saint-John 150  
Sandwich Earl, 171  
Salerna Prince 196  
Saunders 197  
Sapcotes 199  
Sabinus 129  
Saturn 88, 141, 142  
Sarah 212  
Scythians 43  
Scroop 57  
Scotland 73, 182  
Scipio Africanus 118  
Scipio Assina 199  
Seranus 219  
Senatores majorum & minorum 67  
Senatores 205  
Seward 80  
Senoke 131  
Semour 169  
Sewell 170  
Septuans 213  
Seranus 219  
Seth 229  
Sherburn 36  
Sherington 67  
Sherland 185  
Shem 212  
Siccius Dentatus 123  
Sycks 121  
Skelton 122  
Smith 111, 162  
Smiths Company 209  
Snow 34  
Sol 139, 140, 141  
Spelia opima 63  
Spelman 67  
Spence 102  
Spring 126  
Speed 161  
Sprigurnells 82  
Spain 85  
St. Alsaph Bishop 38  
St. Andrew 74  
St. Alban 74  
St. Clear 154  
St. George 66  
St. John 150, 156  
St. Maure 94  
Sturton 33  
Stapleton 45  
Stokheimes 59  
Stafford 70  
Starkey 169  
Still 90  
Stone 136, 173  
Sterling 145  
Staple Company 85  
Sumner 84  
Summer 126  
Small 33   

T.  
TAlk 16  
Tatershall 193  
Templars Knights 85  
Terwhits 167  
Teuder 201, 222  
Telemachus 171  
Thornholme 130  
Thunder 154  
Thetis 142, 146  
Therkeld 222  
Thompson 145, 154  
Tilesley 118  
Toft 16  
Torquatus 56  
Trosibis 232  
Trussell 38  
Tremaine 231  
Tribunus Aerarii 69  
Turton 119  
Tribunus plebis, & militum 72  
Turks Ensigns 148  
Tucker 171  
Turnus 34  
Tubal-Cain 201  
Twisto 108  
Twisleton 201   

V.  
Vavasour 84  
Vaughan 222  
Vessey 80  
Veare 148, 165  
Vesta 209  
Venus 157, 141, 142  
Villiers 80  
Vitelius 149  
Vines 131  
Virdomarus 62  
Vintner's Company 131  
Ulysses 172, 221  
Ulaudislaus 180  
Umphravile 82  
upsal 80  
Urania 143  
Vulcan 201   

W.  
Water-house 34  
Warnetts 38  
Warerton 40  
Warren 41  
Wake 106  
Walmesley 108  
Waltham 150  
Wales 182  
Wait 196  
Wentworth 183  
Weiler 60  
Whaley 17●  
Whittington 122  
Wheatley 128  
Winchester Bishop 38, 129  
Wingham 169  
Winter 126  
Wingfield 169  
Wildersteen 60  
Williams 214  
Wilkinson 171  
Wiseman 233  
Worcester Earl 50  
Wolrich 169  
Wood 200  
Wriothesley 160, 228   

Y.  
YAtes 199  
York 80  
Young 127   

Z.  
ZOuch 106    

THE THIRD TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL MATTERS Spoken of in this BOOK; And of the Things which are Analogized by apt Mottoes declaring the nature thereof.  
ANALOGY is when things have a similitude or likeness of Reason, which Euclid calleth proportion, and the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: I have, for the accommodation of the Sons of Honour, essayed to give some reason of the bearing, and such Coats as are of one and the same ordinary, charge, or both, differing only in their colours, may be said to have reason of equality; those again that are of the same ordinary, and different charges, have a reason of inequality; which also is of greater inequality when the ordinary shall differ by lines, or lesser inequality when it shall differ by colour only; for curvy-line-figures will have reason with right-line-figures, and Lions will have reason with Wolves, etc. according to their postures or kinds, or colours; nevertheless a one colour is preferred before another, and a straight line before a crooked, and a Lion before a Wolf; and there will be a greater inequality between a Beast and a Bird, between things of the like kind and things of the same kind mixed with things of a different kind, or to have the same things differing from each other in the same Coat by different colours. So that what is good Armoury, is to be understood in those Axioms mentioned in the beginning; and in the order of Nature the living is to be preferred before the dead, the productive before those that want generation; and in the living the sensitive before the senseless, as Beasts, etc. before Trees; and in things sensitive the reasonable before the unreasonable, as Man before Beasts; and in things reasonable, Immortals before Mortals, as Angels before Men: in which consideration Nobility is agreeable to Religion, and Signs of Nobleness may be allowed in civil consideration to distinguish the Noble from the Base; and the Reader may know how good one Coat may be from another, if he duly consider what I have delivered in the two first Chapters, albeit the good doth neither dignify the bad, nor the bad the good. The Table follows.  

A.  
ACHILLES Shield the Pattern propounded, pag. 21. Of what colour and metal, 8,23. How made, 24. How divided, 29. How charged, 30. Parts of the same Shield, 110, 127, 128. His Crest, 232. Blazoned by Homer, 22. AGAMEMNON's Armour, 182. ALEXANDER's Knot, 38.  
ANIMALS hurtful born in Arms, viz. himera, 190, 232. Cockatrice, 189. Dragon, 192. Hydra, 189. Scorpion, 191. Serpents, 192. Toad, 191. For other Animals, see letter I.  
ARMS, why called Insignia, 20. The only means to preserve from oblivion; why called a Coat; Arms and Names reciprocal, overcharged, sometimes honourable, 59 Arms by Conquest, 62, 41. Arms according to men's inclinations, 94. Arms taken from their Lords, 185. Arms distinctions, 13. ARTS liberal, 207. Art helps Nature in a threefold manner, 226.  
ASTROIDES, 135. ACHIEVEMENT, 232, 62. AENEAS his Shield, and whole Achievement, 233. AUGMENTATION, what, 47. AUGUSTUS, as much as Ample, 146.   

B.  
BATTOON, a spurious difference, and why, 59  
BEARINGS is either metal or colours, divided by lines, as in the second Chapter, or charged with Ordinaries, as in the third Chapter, or charged with things natural or artificial, as through the whole course of this Book, how the nature of the Bearer is discerned by the Bearing, 135.  
BEASTS, Hair and Nails, 186. Ape, 21. Ass, 199. Bear, 195. Beefs, 196. Bevar, Badger, 202, Boar, 200. Bull, 196. Camel, 195. Cat, Cam-Leopardus, 194. Coney, 200. Dear, 188. Dog and its collar, 192, Dragon, ibid. Elephant and Ivory, ibid. Elephants snouts, 193. Ermine, 201. Fox, 194. Goat, 198. Grey, 202. Hare, 200. Hart, 188. Hedgehog, 202. Horse, 186. Hyaena, 196. Lambs, 198. Leopard, 193. Leopard's heads, 191, 192. Linx, 195. Lion, 178. Minotaur, 197. Oxen, 196. Panther, 193. Porcupine, 202. Rams, 198. Rhinoceros, 195. Sheep, 199. Sow, 200. Squirrel, ibid. Stag, 188. Tiger, 193. Tortoise, ibid. Unicorn, 201. Urchins, 202. Wolf, 190. Wolves heads, ibid. Skins of Beasts, 194, 198. Horns, 196.  
BENDS, 57 BEZANTS, 105. BILLITS, 74.  
BIRDS and their parts; Cock, 166. Crane, Chough, 164. Crow, 163. Doves, 162. Eagle, 157. Goose, 163. Griffin, 161. Harpy, 165. Ha●ks, 168. Heron, 164, 169. Lapwing, 167. Martlets, 165. Nightingale, 166. Ostrich, 167. Owl, 168, 171. Owsle, 165. Parrot, ibid. Partridge, 163. Peacock, 162. Pelican, 169. Phoenix, 162. Quail, Raven, 163. Redshank, 164. Sphinx, 165. Stork, 166, 169. Swallow, 161. Swan, 169. Terwhit, 167. Vulture, 166. Their Feathers, 168. Heads, ibid. Legs, 170. Wings, 169.  
BLAZON, what, 13. Three sorts of Blazon, by colours, by precious stones, and by Planets, ibid. Blazon for Princes, 143.  
BORDERS, in the beginning of each Chapter. Bordered grounds among the Romans, 41. Border gobonated, 1. Border compony, 25. Border checkie, 49. Border guttie, 87. Border entoyre, 32, 99 Border verdoy, 117. Border Enaluron, 157. Border Enurney, 177. Border purflew, ibid. Border plain, 199. BRIDLES, 187.  
BRITAIN, known to the Phoenicians in Homer's time, 63. So called from Scurvygrass, 119.  
BUCKLES, 136. 50, 58. BUGLE Horns, 196.   

C.  
CANTONS, 46. CHAPLETS, 121. CHEVERON, 69. CHIEF, 42, 43, 113. CHIVALTRAPS, 232. CHROMATISM, the knowledge of the nature of things by colours. COAT, 21. Plain Coat most ancient, 4, 18, 21, 25.  
COLOURS; Colour upon colour false Heraldry, 1, 17. The colours of Plants, 118, 119, 121. Of Flowers, 133. Of Stones, 137. Of Planets, 149. Of Beasts, 185. Of Complexions, Seasons, Winds, Ages, 185, 167. Colours considered in a twofold notion, 3, 16. What, 13. Ten, 1. Black, foundation of matter, 5, 87. It's antiquity, 8. It's house and exaltation, 88 Gules, 7. Azure, 8, 99 Azure proper for Seamen, 9 Purple, ibid. Mourning for Kings, 10, 11. Colours produced from Metals, 18. Proper, the worst colour for Beasts, but five prime colours, 5. Different names from Tincture, 12. Colours and proportion please the Fancy, 114. Colours mixed, 5, 8. Their Analogies shadowed, Pictures work on the vulgar, 144. Colour with Metals, three degrees of comparison, 17.  
COMETS, 37. COTTISES, 51, 58, 61. COUPLE-CLOSES, 69. CRESSANTS, 143. CROSSES of several kinds, 78. Fell from Heaven, 73.  
CROWNS, what they signify, 124. Crowning Emperors, 121. Crowning of Poets, 122. Crown of Oak, 123, 131, 142. Of Ivy, 124. Crown mural, 42. Olympic Crown, 122. Pa●●asado'd Crown, 66. CUBE, 22.   

D.  
DEGREES among Heavenly Bodies, Beasts, Birds, etc. 137. DELFT, 96.  
DIFFERENCES for Distinctions of Houses, viz. Difference for the Grandchild, 5. Label for the first Son. For the second Son, 146. For the third Son, 135. For the fourth Son, 155. For the fifth Son, 171. For the sixth Son, 125. Differences of Noble Persons by colours, 000. By Borders, 105.  
DISTINCTIONS of necessity, 13. Distinctions among Creatures show the great Wisdom of God, 137.  
DOCTORS of Divinity, 115. Doctors of Law their Dignity, 116. Doctors of Physic 215. Doctor's Ensigns, of Degrees, 216. DOVECOTS, 199.  
DROPS signify the Spirits, 91. Drops of Water, 88 Drops of Gold, 92. Drops of Blood 93. Drops of Tears, 93. Drops of Oil, 94. Drops of Pitch, 90. Drops, how disposed, 95.   

E.  
ECLIPTIC, 58. EDUCATION sows the seeds of Honour, 137. EGYPTIANS three ways of propagating Knowledge, 144. Wisdom of the Egyptians fourfold, 167. They worshipped the Dog, 192. the Cat, 194, etc.  
ELEMENTS of Arms, number and position, 99 Element, 20. The Hebrew letters called Elements, 14. Element of Fire, 43. 92. 113. 140. 149. Lightning, 43. 55. Coals, 43. Element of Air, 34. Clouds, 34. 44. 45. 91. 193. Snow, 113. Thunder, 35. 144. 155. Rainbow, 35. Rain, 92. Comets, 155. Element of Water 29. 31. 37. 91. 109. Ocean, 33. Sea, 38. Rivers, 31. 92. bourn's, 36. Fountains, 33. Fishponds, 33. 36. Waterbudgets, 36. Tears, 95. Element of Earth, 25. 97. 106. 117. Rocks, 34. Mountains, 46. Olympus, 97, Aetna, 97. Piles, 46. Peninsula's, ibid. Isthmus, 97.  
ENSIGNS of Sovereignty, 122. 227. Ensigns Military, 223. Quivers, Bows, Arrows, Crossbows, 229. Arrow-heads, 230. Clubs, Swords, Helmets, 231. Shield, Gauntlets, Lance, Spears, Tents, Galtraps, 232. Standard- Ensign, great Artillery, 233. Drums, Trumpets, ibid. Spear-heads, ibid. Burrs, ibid. Bullets, 104. Ensigns Ecclesiastical; the Mitre, the Crosier, the Bell, the Lamp, the Incense-pot, the Cross, 229. The Altar, ibid. Ensigns Civil belonging to Aedifices; Lime, an House, a Castle, a City, a Tower, a Column, a Porch, a Temple; the Exchange; a Bridge, an Arch, a Pyramid, 209.  
ERMINE, 222. 194. ESQUIRES Dignity, 156.   

F.  
FASCES, 56. FEZ, 49. FEUDS Regal, Feuda Militaria, & Feuda Scutiferorum, 230.  
FIELDS, what, 25. 88 113. Fields equally divided have no predominancy, 47. Fields are checky, pally, barry, 41. Bendy, counter-changed, 42. 54. Gerrony, 114. Field among the Egyptians, what, 11. The place of the Officers in the Field of War, 61. The Field in Heraldry is Subjectum formarum, 113. and is parted per Fez, per bend, per Pale, per bend sinister, per Cross, per Saltire, per Cheveron, per Pile, 118. Field with humane shapes called Campus Anthromorphus, 225. FISHES, 172. Crabs, 174. Dolphins, 171. in the Shield of Ulysses, 172. Dolphin among the Egyptians, ibid. Escolop-shells, 171. 173. Eels, 173. Sea-Horses, 171. Mermen and maids, ibid. Lucy's, 174. Roches, 173. Whales, ibid. Fishes Heads and Tail, ibid. Fishponds, 33.  
FLANCHES and FLASKS, 66. 68 FOUNTAINS, 33.  
FRAUD justificable to an Enemy, 194. FRETS, 222.  
FUCILS, 135. FURS, 222.   

G.  
GALTRAPS, 232. GARDEN, 133. GARLANDS, 127.  
GARMENTS, 223. Purple-Robe, 227. Gown, 223. Cassocks, Coat, Mantles, 223. The Hat, the Cap, the Girdle, the Sleeve, the , 223. 225. Garments of Linen, 223. Garments Ecclesiastical and Civil; a Towel, ibid.  
GEMS, 136. Gems and Stones; Amber, Asbestes, 135. Camphire, Crystal, Carbuncle, Coral, 136. Diamond, 135. Emerald, ibid. Flint, 136. Jewels, Jasper, ibid. Loadstone, ibid. Pearl, ibid. Ruby, Saphire, Thunder-stone, Whetstone, ibid. GEMELS, 54.  
GENTILITY, what, 208. Gentility without Heraldry, 214. GULPS, 112. GUNSTONS', 103. GUT, 95.   

H.  
HEAVEN, 44. Twelve Houses, 43. and Light, 44.  
HERALDS, their Office, 30. HEURTS, 108.  
HIEROGLYPHICS, what, 15. 167. Unavoidably clogged with obscurity, 132. Hieroglyphic and Symbol, how differ, 151. Famous Hieroglyphic, 181. Hieroglyphic of the Year, 191. Hieroglyphic of the Hawk and Dog, 139.  
HOMER uttered nine Voices of Birds, 161.  
HUSBANDRY; Implements thereunto belonging; the Plough, 213. 226. 127. the Flail, 213. the Harrow, 209. 226. the Yoke, 196. 213. 226. the Scithe, 213. the Wheel, the Bushel, ibid. the Fan, the Spade, 219. 226. Stables, Cottages, Dovecots, 199.  
HOUSEWIFERY; Implements thereunto belonging; the Reel, 224. the Purse, 227. Skein of Yarn, 224. Spindle, ibid. Spinning-wheel, 218. Cotton, ibid. Fucils, 135. Lozenges, 134. 151. 152. 153. Wool, 198.   

I.  
IBIS, 139. Letters taken from the Bird Ibis, 167.  
JERUSALEM's Arms, 78. Jerusalem's Mark, 113.  
IN-ESCOUCHION, 47.  
INFECTS and Imperfect Animals; Scarabee, 170. 203. Be, Silkworms, Caterpillar, Camelion, 203. Sna●l, Grasshopper, Ant, Spider, Salamander, Frogs, Horsleeches, Wasps, Mice, Flies, Glowworms, Moths, Toads, 204. Mole, 201.  
INSTRUMENTS of Music, 210. The Harp, the Organ, the Pipe, the Stop, the Clarendon, ibid. Instruments Mathematical, 204. The Level, the Plummet, the Globe, the Balance, 212. JUPITER, 99 Jus Imaginum, 46.   

K.  
KNIGHTS, several sorts, 98. Knight-Service, 230. To make a Knight, 138.   

L.  
LABEL, of three points for the first Son, of five points for the Grandchild, 5. LANCE, 60.  
LAW of Arms, 138. Law binds after the manner of the Stars, 145. La Military, 72. 110.  
LEGS  in Burial, 82.  
LETTERS of the Greeks derived from the Egyptians, 15. Hebrew Letters, 16. Letters among the Military Ensigns of the Romans, ibid. The Inventors of Letters, 14. Letters stand for colours, ibid. Placed in the beginning of each Chapter according to the colour of the shield. Occult ways of sending Letters, 106. 111. Derived from parts of Animals, 167. Billets are Letters, 74. LIGHT, 44. 90. 97.  
LINES straight most honourable, 4. Lines the Boundaries of Arms, 89. Lines curved, viz. Crenelle, 42. Dauncette, 84. Flecked, 34. Ingrailed, 22. 43. Nebule, 45. Undy, 84.  
LION'S Heads, 181. 190. Lion's Paws, 185. Lion's Hair and Nails, 186. LOZENGES, 40.   

M.  
MAN, how he is the Image of God, 144. Man, 219. His parts; viz. the Heart, the Hand, the Fist, the Foot, 220. 221. 222. Man armed, 226. from head to foot, ibid.  
MANTLES, 223. 224. 232. and Tents, 232.  
MARS, 117. 120. MASCLES, 136. MERCURY, 177. Mercury Pinnatus, 168. The God of Merchants, 211.  
METALS attributed to the Planets, 150. OR, Gold and Argent, Silver, 102. the prime Metals, 4.6. Metal without colour, Essence without Quality, 5. Argent the prime Metal, but Or the Metal of improvement, 6. preferred before Silver through error. Metals glue the form to the matter, 17. 25. Metals represent the minds of men, 88 Iron, 103. Plates, 102. Penny, 100 Money, 103. Bezants, 105.  
METEORS, 155. MILITARY Instruments, vide E.  
MINERALS, 135. Salt, 119. Sulphur, ibid.  
MONSTERS tolerable in Heraldry, 160.  
MOTHER'S Coat born on a Chief, 45. on a bend, 58, etc.  
MULLETS, 135. Examples by Mullets, how Coats may be varied, 151. 152. MUSIC, vide I. Musical proportion, 22.   

N.  
NOBILITY fourfold, 108. 212. 113.  
NUMBER Ten a perfect Number; so also Six, 17. 95. An odd Number in Musical proportion, 83.   

O.  
OR, a metal of improvement, 6. ORDINARIES, Cross the chief, Chief the next, 42, 43, 113. Divers Ordinaries in one, 82. Ordinaries of Honour nine, viz. the Fess, 49. the Bent dexter, Bent sinister, 59 the Pale, 62. 65. 38. Barrs, 53. 55. Cheveron, 69. Saltire, 73. In-escouchion, 47. 144. Ordinaries derived from the others, Barry, Bendy, Pally, etc. Ordinary, Charges, Flanches, 66. O GRESSES, 103.   

P.  
PALLADIUM, 144. PALE, 62. PALLETS, 38. PALMERS, who, 119. PARAHELII, 154. PELLETS, 104. PHEONS, 54. PILES, 46. 34. 9●. PILGRIMS, who, 119. PLANETS, their qualities, 140. 149. so called from Error, 155. Their number seven, viz. Saturn Jupiter, Mars, Sol, Venus, Mercury, Luna; their colours, 141.  
PLATES, 67. 102. POET laureate, 122. POINT ariseth from Unity; Points, eight principal points in an Escouchion, 22. Middle the Honour Point 19 POMACES. 111.  
POSTS wore feathers in their Hats, 168. PRECEDENCY, 217. PURSE Ensign of the Chancellor, 227.   

Q.  
QUADRIPARTITE Division of Gentility, 208. 212. 213.   

R.  
RABIE Jochnides his conceit of the Tree of life, 81.  
REBATEMENTS or disgraces in coats, for what causes, 206.  
REGALIA Crowns, 226. Sceptres, 227. 128. Why flowered, that of the Greeks, and of the Romans, 124. Rings, 136. 205. 227. Mound, 227.  
ROUNDS, Forms and ROUNDELS, viz. Bezants, 105. Gulps, 112. Gunstons', Heurts, 103. 108. O Gresses, 103. Pellets, 104. Plates, 67. Pommaces, 111. Torteauxes, 106.   

S.  
SAL, 119. SALTIRE, 73. SATURN, 87. SCARF, 60.  
SEAL, 205. Great Seal, Privy Seal, 206.  
SEASONS by Vegetables, 126.  
SMITH's Craft, 210. The Forge, Anvil, Bellows, Hammer, Axe, Hinges, Nails, Locks, Keys, 210. Chains, 183. Millroinds, 213. SOL, 132. SPURS, 136.  
STANDARDS, what, 233. Standards of the Romans, 157. 191. 197.  
STARS, 113. Called Estoiles, 145. Emblems of Privy Counsellors, 148. Polestar, 61. 148. Dog-star, 149. Stars, how they are said to bind and incline to Virtue, 143. 145. 149. Stars represent Military and Civil persons; a number of Stars make a Constellation, 148. 48 Constellations among the Egyptians, 26. The Guards, 146. The Bears, ibid. Orion; the Cross; the Morning and Evening star, 148. Star placed on the Cloaks of the Knights of the Garter, 149.  
STATUES among the Romans, 219. STIRRUPS, 232.  
STONES, Vide Gems.   

T.  
TALISMANS', 144. TITLES taken from Heavenly Bodies, 146. TORTEAUXES, 106. Why of a red colour out of Virgil. TEN, a colour, 1. TROJAN Horse, 187. TROPICS, 58. TROY taken by night, 149.   

V  
VEGETIVES: Aaron's Rod, 132. Acorns, 122. 131. Almond-tree, 130. Apples, 105. 111. Appletree, 131. Aramanthus, 133. 121. Ash, 130. Balsam, 130. Basil, 132. Bay, 130. Beans, 120. Bearsfoot, 132. Blossoms, 129. Borage, 121, 132. Branches, 118. Broom, 121. Capers, 132. Cassia, 118. Caterfoils, 121. Cedar, 129. 130. Chaplets, 121. Cinquefoils, ibid. Cypress, 130. Coleworts, 132. Corn, 127. 132. Cork-tree, 131. The Daffodil. Ears of Corn, 128. Elm, 130. Flower-de-luce, 125. 133. Flowers, 128. 133. 121. Fennigreek, 13●. Figtree, 130. Flax, 133. Fruit, 131. Garbs, 127. 128. 129. Garden, 133. Garlands, 126. Gesemine, 133. Gillyflower, 121. 133. Goad, 133. Grain, 132. Grapes, 131. Herbs, 132. Heurtle-berries, 130. Holly, ibid. Holm, ibid. Houseleek 133. Hyacynth, ibid. Jerusalem Rose, 132. Indian-flower, 133. Ivy, 30. Laurel, 121. Leaves, 26. 128. 121. Lily, 125. Maidenhair, 132. Millet, 130. Mulberry, ibid. Mushroom, 132. Myrrh, 130. Narcissus, 121. Nut-tree, 130. Oak, 122. 126. 129. 131. Oil, 95. Olive, 123. 132. Onions, 132. Orange, 130. Palm, 129. 131. Peach, 131. Pear-tree, ibid. Pine, 130. Peony, 134. Pomegranate, 129, 130. P●ppy, 134. Quince, 130. Root, 136. Rose, white and red, 125. Roses, 124. 129. 133. Saffron, 133. Sarvices, 131. Sciens, 132. Sedges, 121. Seed, 129. Sempervive, 121. Spanish-flower, 134. Stock, 132. Sun-flower, 133. Thistle, 125. 129. 132. Thorn, 131. Trees, 130. Trefoil, 121. Trunk, 129. 130. 132. Tulip, 133. Turnips, ibid. Turpentine, 130. Vervine, 123. Vine, 131. Vine planted by Noah, 211. Weeds, 128. Wheat, 132. Wheat sheaves, 127. 129. Willow, 131. Wine, ibid. Wood, 132. Yew, 131.  
VENUS, 157. UNITY, matter and form; nothing without Unity, 48. VOIDERS, 68   

W.  
WATER, the original matter, 167. Vide Elements.  
WHITE Staff Ensign of Administration, 227.  
WISDOM of the Egyptians, 167.  
WOLF sacred among the Egyptians, 191.  
WOMEN, how they take place according to marriage, 222. 224. 225. Moon Emblem of Women, 147. women's work, See the letter H.   

Y and Z  
YORK and Lancaster, 123.  
ZODIAC, 57   
FINIS.   

ERRATA.  
REider, by reason of this late Visitation the Author was separated from the Printer, and therefore prays thee to mend the most materials thus:  
Pag. lin.  10 ● pallets  15 purpuraeque 12 15 Minium  26 Pransinum 23 5 standi ●7 11 Squires  18 SUI. 40 15 Moon  31 Seating 50 5 Curule 63 15 Columnum 64 1● deal picea, and read it in the next line. Supremis 79 26 desertorum 91 2 INFUSA  7 CLARESCUNT 97 6 Volutati 102 3 CALCULUM 133 10 Gored 155 16 Martlet 157 22 omen 178 14 Nature 185 35 Synecdoche 214 ult. Omnis 216 1 Clauses 223 20 virilit  
Pag. 22. the marginal Blazon should be read on Pag. 19 Chap. 4. the running Title mistaken. P. 177. in the margin read Purflew Ermine. 179. margin, at 3, r. Passant, at 9, r. Queve.