RELIGIO MILITIS: OR, A Soldier's Religion. Writ by a FIELD-OFFICER OF THE ARMY. IN HIS WINTER-QUARTERS. W. MORGAN. LONDON, Printed for Daniel Dring at the Harrow and Crown, at the Corner of Cliffords-Inn-Lane in Fleetstreet, and Sold by John Whitlock near Stationers-Hall, 1695. To the whole ARMY, both Officers and Soldiers, from the Generals, down to the Private Sentinels. Gentlemen, 'TIs for your sake, and in your Vindication, as well as my Own, I have at this time drawn my Pen; for 'tis a general (though false) Imputation upon Our Profession, That We are Men of no Religion, but a Lewd, Debauched, and Rakehelly sort of People; and without regard for the Honour and Interest of Our Country, fight only for Bread. I must confess this would be severe, if true, and expose Us to much Contempt; but being otherwise, 'tis of no Weight or Consideration. I am not a little proud of having chosen You for my Patrons, as bad as you are thought to be; for I am sure if there be any true Honour left in the World, 'tis to be found in the Armies now on Foot, and more in Our Own than any where else, thanks to our Heroic King and General, who has bravely fought at the Head of us, and roused us from the inglorious Ease and Luxury of the former Reigns, and once again taught us to draw our Swords, and handle our Arms, to which we were (to our shame be it spoke!) almost become Strangers. How can we reflect upon the many and well known, glorious and renowned Achievements of our Ancestors, and not blush, that we have done nothing at all worthy of them or ourselves? What an everlasting Fame have they established in History? How beautiful and how lovely are their Names? And how dear and valuable is their very Memory to this present Age? The famed Battles fought and won from our Neighbours by our ancient Heroes, have not only swelled but embellished our Story. But thus much to your and mine, and indeed to the whole Nations, nay, and all Europe's Joy too! I will, and dare say, and without the least pretence to Prophecy or Inspiration; This gallant Prince whom we have the Honour and Happiness to call our Own, is the Man cut out and destined by God and Nature to reduce the Haughty Monarch of France, that Leviathan! that Behemoth! that has made such a noise in the World for many Years past, and to restore Peace to the Longing World, together with the Dominions of the several Princes our Neighbours, from whom they have been so violently and injuriously torn, by that Monster, some even before War was declared. But now to my Text, I have undertaken a bold, nice and hazardous Matter,— Religion! The People's Darling! the Priest's Diana! away with profane Hands they cry, come not near Us, 'tis our Sanctum Sanctorum; peep not into, much less set your Foot here. 'Tis our Magazine, our Warehouse: This is our Trade, our Traffic, for hence arise our Profits and Honours, and thus we easily gull and wheedle the poor unthinking, unwary Fools, of which this World is chief made up; so we make a gainful Business on't, We keep the Folks in Ignorance and in Darkness, 'tis our Interest, and we will do it as long as we can, but your penetrating Eyes that look into, and search so narrowly after our Holy Cheats, and pretended Sanctity, that you almost spoil our Trade, which we had engrossed, and monopolised, till you discovered and proclaimed aloud our Impostures to the dull and insipid Crowd, who swallow all we tell them, for want of Sense to distinguish? 'Tis you have ruined our Gain, we must even shut up and give over, and become Priestrupts, or Broken Priests, which you please, in spite of all our Conduct and Cunning. Gentlemen, You may see plainly 'tis the Priests in general I aim at, I have endeavoured to lash them lightly, for they deserve it: This seems to be a Reforming Age, I hope it will reform them too! I have often reflected (and with grief of Mind) upon the Affairs of the World, to see how tame and easy Princes and Great Men are to suffer this sort of Vermin among them; sure some Deathlike Lethargy has seized upon and stupefied them, that has hindered them, from banishing these useless Fellows out of their Territories for what they have done and may yet do. How fresh in our Memory are the late horrid Confusions, Tumults and Uproars occasioned by the two furious Black-coats of Hamburgh, the whole City was inflamed by their intemperate Heat and immoderate Zeal; and nothing could appease them, (after Chairs and Stools thrown at each others Heads, and other silly and ridiculous Outrages committed in their Assemblies) but the Banishment of one, though of both (nay and all the rest too!) would have been much better? 'Tis those Sons of Peace (as they though falsely call themselves) that thus continually disturb and destroy the Repose and Quiet of Mankind. I must confess I ought not to be so very angry with, or fierce against them; for they often help us to many a good stroke of Work; Religion, (at least the name and pretence) has frequently employed our Swords, which might else have rusted in their Scabbards; so that, to do them Justice, they are not so much our Enemies as some think; for they set the Folks together by the Ears, and we must knock 'em on the Head to make 'em quiet again. I remember I heard a Piece of Wit, (which some think so rare among us) from a Private Centinel, who being at his Post, was thus accosted by a Priest, Brother, says he to the Soldier, I wish you Peace: Damn ye for a Rogue, says he to the Priest, I wish you no Purgatory, and then we shall both be Beggars. Oh, that's a fine profitable Trade! I can't but with some Rage exclaim against the hardened Impudence of these Savoy Priests, that dare obtrude upon the World, their own dull, insipid, leaden Notions, for pure and staunch Divinity; all is Divinity forsooth! that comes from them, though there be not a word in it, but they gloss it over, and set a grave and religious Face upon it; and how common in their Mouths are violent Invectives against the Pleasures in general of this World? And who pursue them more than themselves? Or indulge themselves more than they do? They call them empty and insipid, but they don't think them so, and thus they openly seem to treat Honour and Wealth, but privately solicit, and eagerly sue for them; and when obtained, hug them hearty. They are as proud and covetous as other People, (nay, rather worse, because they pretend to a greater Purity) and when they preach up, and seem to use Humility, 'tis but to serve their Pride. And pray what Good has all their Whining and Canting, their Preaching and Prating, their Scribbling and Printing, done for these sixteen hundred and odd years? It might with little pains and great plainness be showed that a great deal of Mischief has been done thereby; but I shall leave them to the Reformers of this present Age, to see if they can do any good with them; for I fear I can't, though I have used my hearty Endeavour. Indeed I do not see that the World is a whit the better (or like to be) for them, or their Preaching, or their Books; when I find less Roguery and Villainy in it, and more Honour and Honesty, if they are the Cause of it, I may change my Opinion. And now, Gentlemen, and Fellow-Soldiers, I shall take my leave of you, and wish you and myself an early and happy Campaigne, where I hope to see you suddenly; for be it spoke to the Eternal Honour of the English Parliament, they have done their Business well and early, and given great and hearty Supplies to our Glorious Master, and great and fresh Encouragement to us, and therefore let us haste away, and do our Duty, that we may deserve their Care of and Kindness to Us, and I hope God will give Us a signal and eminent Victory this Year over our Enemies in Flanders, and then, Boys, for France. Adieu. RELIGIO MILITIS: OR, A Soldier's Religion. THE whole Pagan, Mahometan, and Christian World, have been long (too long) plagued with Priests and Priest-craft; the common Theme, the daily Discourse, the general Complaint, the fatal Malady, the eternal Grievance and State-Sore, believed it to be incurable; and therefore born as an Affliction without Remedy. What it is that so universally clouds (except they have entirely abandoned their whole Reason) the Mass of People of all Nations of the known inhabited Globe (especially of Europe, who are thought to be wiser and clearer-sighted, at least in Matters of this kind; having at this time more Learning among 'em than all the World besides) with this Stupidity, fatal and most pernicious Blindness, this detestable and most ridiculous Bigotry, I know not; that, Comet-like, with fiery blazing Tail hovers over whole Kingdoms; Ominous, Portentous, Boding, Malevolent, threatening nought but Death of Multitudes, Destruction of Cities, Towns, and Villages, utter Ruin to, and absolute Extirpation of Families and Governments. For thus much scrupulous, superstitious Fools, and fly Hypocrites, when heated by Religion (pretended) have done, and may also do again. What have we left now (after the dear Experience of whole Centuries of Years, and many of them tumultuous, rebellious, and bloody ones too! to the Priest's eternal Shame be it spoke, who presented and gave fire too) but the mere empty Name and sound of Religion; the vast Numbers (Liberaries almost I may say) of Books and Pamphlets of Controversy, which tend not to the Pacification, but rather general Disturbance and Confusion of Mankind, in their Opinions, Notions, and even Practices of it? Nay, of Books too, that only bear the Gloss and Varnish of Religion? I shall say nothing of the mighty Breach of Civil Society, by foolish and unnatural Heats; the Pulpit and the Press go hand in hand, confederated, to improve the Mischief, and spread the Evil. Surely it must be for their Interest they bawl so boldly, and print so abundantly. Ah, this Interest! this damned prevailing Interest! that governs all the World (and even those Good Men too) that rules the Roast ; that in all places so absolutely plays the Tyrant, enslaving most (and would if they could all) Men's Persons, Purses, and Senses, notwithstanding all their specious and gilded Pretences to the contrary: Nay, they tell the World, that by their kind Assistance and neverfailing Help, they shall all be made wise here, and happy hereafter; but believe them who will for me. Whither then shall we fly, in search of that which is really (and not only called) True Religion? I mean the Essential, not Nominal, which is in every body's mouth, and only there; that Religion which is to guide us in the dark and difficult Paths we move in, and which must hereafter save our main Stake. If we go to the Church-National in every Kingdom (not to say one Word of our own, for they must not be meddled with; the Press must be broke, and the Book burned, if they are touched, though never so gently) how wretched! how miserably are they divided, rend, and torn among themselves! You would think yourself amongst the feigned Furies, or amidst the Sons of Mars in Battle, and not with the Ministers of Peace; so hot, so violent, so furious (nay, and revengeful too, in due time) are they in their empty Disputes! And what a orry Account (God knows) do they give of the Business of t'other World, of which they make so great a Noise, and know nothing; (not that I deny a future State) whereas indeed to speak strictly, and home to the purpose, they are so much concerned for, and busied in, and with the Profits, Honours, and Pleasures of this World, that they trouble themselves very little about that. Good Men! you'll say there's a great deal of reason they should be so much esteemed and respected as they are. But, pray, by whom are they so? By the Mobb, and some soft Heads amongst the Richer (not Wiser) sort of People; not by one Man of Sense, I am sure. And for that Hydra of Separation, of more Names than Heads; those red-hot Monsters, that Salamander-like can live (for ever) in the Fire of Contention; those Mount Aetna's, that belch out nothing but Fire and Brimstone, Hell and Damnation; their Doctrines (not to mention their Practices, wholly contradictory, selfish, worldly, and to our Cost, for we can rember it, very bloody) are so terrible, so full of Horror and Despair, and Heaven gained by their Assistance, which is seldom, if ever) with so much difficulty, that many of their Hearers have gone immediately from their Auditories, and poisoned, hanged, or drowned themselves; and others left in a desponding Condition, only fit for Pity and Compassion; there Men well not help us at all in this matter. What if we should take a Taste of the New Roman (Catholic, as they call it themselves, though falsely, every-body knows) Religion? I doubt we shall relish it but very indifferently; not to run through the several Orders of Crafty Jesuits, Lecherous Priests, and Lazy Monks; but to stick a little upon the Jesuits (who have often stuck upon our Skirts) their greatest Champions, their Captains-general; those cunning Rogues, that, Mole-like, love, live, and act underground, and in the dark; those Hocus-Pocus's, those Germane, French, Spanish, Portugese, and Italian Jugglers, with their Powders of Pimper de Pimp (I mean their Politics) have confounded and embroiled the greatest part of the World, (where they have had to do) though, I think, we of England are highly obliged to them, for a Civility they lately did us, in easing us of a King that began to be very troublesome to us; it must be avowed, they are ingenuous and modest Men, for they don't pretend to abundance of Religion; they spend their time in, and bend their Studies wholly to Politics (let the other Orders look to what Religion is left, and cultivate it, if they will or can;) they content themselves with the secular Government of the World. Alas! they are Men of some Ambition, and love to Rule, but hate to be Ruled, no, not by their own Provincial (who, I am sure, has lately complained to the Pope of them) and instead of Pulpits, you may find them in Prince's Cabinets: 'Tis not enough for them to be their Confessors, but they must be their most private Counsellors too; and it may be those Princes are not altogether in the wrong, because all their Applications tend to assist them in their Mysteries (as they call them) of State, those Arcana Imperii. But let those golden Heads have a care, and look to themselves, lest they be served (by them) as a Gentleman was that travelled some Years since to France (the second time; though one would have thought he had had enough of the first, at least if had reflected upon his and his Brother's good Usage there, and from their dear (indeed) Brother Lewis too) to learn the Trade of Empire, or to better his Air (I am sure he has not bettered his Condition by it) or to learn to Cock his Hat a little handsomer a-la-mode de France. Well; 'tis no great matter which; he has had time and leisure enough to bemoan his Misfortunes, and seriously to consider whence they sprung. And, to conclude this Paragraph, may they all be so treated, who adhere so stiffly to the Society of Jesus, or indeed to any other of the Black Gang. And for the poor Mahometans and Pagans, we can expect but little help from them, we may rather pity their Blindness and Ignorance (of both which, the World seems agreed they have enough) though I am of Opinion, there are many curious and fine Heads amongst them, that plainly see, and fain would cure the worst Disease in their State; I mean being rid by their own Asses, I should have said Priests. Well; whether shall we now go? Not to the Royal Courts of the World, I hope, amongst the Terrestrial Gods, to find out Religion; I fancy we shou'l lose our Labour, and have nothing but that for our Pains; and because we are unwilling to peep into the private Chapels, or in the least to reflect upon the Religion of the Folks that live there, (because they are great Ones, and it may be they will smoke us off for it, and punish our saucy Curiosity) we will even let them alone, especially in matters of that kind. But what do you think if we should bear down upon the Navy, and board them? They are a sort of Soldiers as well as we, therefore one would think we might allow them some Religion, being in a manner a part of us; no, we must at last to the Army, (the Camp is indeed the proper Seat of it) especially if we are able to make any thing of our Title out. Well; we'll march thither by and buy; but before we part with the honest jolly Tarpollins, we must have a fling at them, and their Commanders too, who have not much more Sense than they, whatever they may have of Religion: Alas, poor Rogues! when on Salt-water, they readily swallow the Common, or any Prayer, or the Directory, and by wholesale, as they do Punch or Slip; but seldom are overzealous till they return to Land, when they, with their whole Family, hasten away to the Conventicles, where Cant, Noise, and Nonsense, Whining and Sighing, are much in Admiration. So that where so little Reason resides, we can't, with any Hopes or Justice, expect to find Religion. Come on then, let us away to the Field of Mars, and there we shall find it. I have examined all Religions, and that very seriously too, and yet can't tell what to think of them; for all pretend to be in the right; Ours, they all cry, is the purest, the best, the most holy Religion: And how shall we be satisfied in this matter? For they not only boldly affirm theirs to be the True Religion, and all the others false; but most of them will fight (and desperately too) as well as prate for it; more-especially when their Zeal is overhot by the impudent Pulpiteers: But if you strictly examine into their Lives and Actions, you will find them like the rest of the World; and if they do differ, 'tis only in being more craftily and completely wicked. Were I yet to choose my Religion, I would not by any means turn Turk, though for no other Reason but that the Alcoran so strictly and severely forbids the Use of Wine; not but that I think some Amends is made for this, in their sweet and pleasing (and perhaps Rational) Doctrine of Polygamy; and Mahomet's Promise to his Followers, of the Enjoyment of beautiful Women in Paradise. In which Points (for my particular) I esteem them less Erroneous; nor am I a little pleased with the Observations of the Learned, that the same Hebrew Word in the Old Testament that stands for an Hostess, signifies also an Harlot. For what can be more unreasonable than to tie me to one Wife, who am to eat my Bread in more Countries than one? And though I am not absolutely a Turk, in propagating my Religion by the Sword, and it be none of my Opinion, that Soldiers are the only Missionaries; yet I am so much a Christian to declare my own aught to be defended with my Life; for I ever thought it the noble Posture of defending the Creed, after the manner of the Knights of Malta, with Swords drawn: And what is of great consideration with me, in the receiving the Nicene Creed into my Belief, and indeed has strongly confirmed me in it, is, That in the Muster-Rolls of the Councils, it had been, upon a just Calculation, computed, That the Fathers who carried it for the Creed, were Three hundred and eighteen; the precise Number of Abraham's Family which he listed in the Field. I must confess, the Pagan Religion, which consisted chief in bloody Sacrifices, taught its Professors more Gallantry, and bred in them greater Principles of Honour than the Christian, which in this particular also receded (not that I will say degenerated) from the Jew, who bravely professed with Circumcision, and so even in his tender Years, sealed his first Sacrament with Blood. To say nothing of the other (many) Instances, in which the Pagan had the Advantage of the Christian Religion; as, in the Institutions of their Games, and their Triumphs, their Prizes, and their Crowns, which they awarded to their Conquerors, and those that got the Mastery in their Games. But than what again reconciles me much to the Christian Religion, is, Her Declaration in the Canticles, That the Church is Terrible as an Army with Banners; and Her assuring me, That even the Life of Man is a Warfare upon Earth: Which seems the true and genuine Language, of the Church-Misitant; and she appeared no less in the Age of the Holy War, and of the Expedition of Christian Princes to the Holy Land; since which time, She has split into innumerable Sects at Home, for want of keeping her Men in constant Breath and Exercise against the Turks and Saracens abroad: And Christian Princes have spent their Metal upon each other, which they employed with much more Honour against the Common Enemy of CHRISTENDOM. It was indeed an Age of Gallantry, the Genius of it truly Martial and Heroick, and the Race of Men such as seemed born to distinguish Themselves in Feats of Arms, even in their Sports and Exercises, which were Noble and Manly; and what is yet more, even in their very Tales and Romances; for much about that time, as some think, were all those bold Fables of Knights and Giants first hatched; which contributed not a little perhaps to that Expedition, as in succeeding Times they grew up to the Illustrious Orders of Knighthood of Saint George, and the Golden Fleece. While these Legions had a Power over Men's Minds, they became bold by Meditation; their Heads were filled with Notions of Braves and Hero's; and they were carried, even beyond themselves, to Great and Generous Erterprises. Thus Alexander, by having Homer under his Pillow, became a Conqueror; and Thucydides, as it is reported, by hearing Herodotus read, could not contain himself from Tears, but was spirited into an Historian, by mere force of Emulation. But, alas! these Tales have long since lost their Reputation; the Love-Romances and Novels are altogether in Vogue and Esteem; whilst those of Chivalry are wholly laid aside, and in Disgrace. Other Notions have prevailed, with which Men have been too long unhappily perverted and debauched: Feats of Arms, heretofore in the greatest Admiration, are now ridiculed and run down, under the odious Terms of Knight-Errantry; so visible are the Decays of the ancient Courage, that, in the Opinion of some, the Degeneracy of the Spaniards, from their former Reputation in Arms, is, in a manner, owing to the Buffoonries of Don Quixot. I remember to have read the Statute of 33 Hen. 8. cap. 9 which ascribes the Growth of Debauchery, and Decay of Military Discipline with us here in England, to the Disuse of Archery; and the change of the ancient Exercise of the Longbow, for the more unmanly new Exercises of Tennis, Bowls, and Nine-Pins; to which might be added, the Desuetude of those Martial Sports once in use, of Tilting, Tournaments, and Running at the Quintin; as also the Discontinuance of the Trial once so frequent in criminal Cases, by Battle or Combat; a Privilege, which if it be denied to others, yet, if I may be allowed to speak in the behalf of my Profession, I think it hard to bar us from claiming it as our Right: For why should my Hands be tied up, when my Life is in question more strictly by Formalities of Common Law, than I am by Civil Law, in making my Will to dispose of my Estate; since the Emperors made duly this Provision for the ease of Soldiers, That their last Wills should be good, though made without Solemnities of Law; the reason of which is plainly declared to be in consideration of their Ignorance of the Law, as an Allowance less than necessary to our close Attendance on our Colours: Nor is it reason to expect the Skill of other Arts from us, whose sole Profession is the Art of War; and to this purpose Juvenal, satire XVI. By ancient Laws and Customs sacred held By Great Camillus, Soldiers never were compelled Tappear in Courts; but in the Camp t'abide, And by their own Commanders to be Tried. Though had the Trial by Battle been a Right in such Cases, yet indulged to all, I am of Opinion, it might have been no less a means to redeem the ancient Honour of the English Nation, than the Juego de Toros, or the Bull-Feast has been esteemed among the Spaniards, to retrieve their lost Reputation in Arms; which has so visibly declined of late among them, that Don Quixot, considering the general Entertainment he has met with in so many Nations, and his Translation into so many Languages, seems at present to have a better Right to the Universal Monarchy, than they, who once laid claim to it themselves, notwithstanding he turns all Fight into a Jest; and his Story is no less than a most accomplished Libel, on all the Soldiers of Christendom. It were to be wished, however, the witty Spaniard had infected only his own Countrymen; but it is to be feared, alas! the Poison has been transplanted too far in so short a time; and that it has taken but too deep root with too many of their (once Renowned) Neighbours; nay, and even of our own Nation too: For I have been credibly informed, of one of the Signior Fellows of a certain College in Oxford (too well known to need Naming) who having imbibed a fond Opinion, That whatever was the last Employment of a Soul at the point of Death, would hold the same even to the Day of Judgement. He, in pursuance of such an Opinion, when he apprehended himself near his last Moment's, made all the haste his Extremity of Age would allow, to turn over the Leaves of Don Quixot; as if he courted no better an Employment for his Soul, than to be engaged in that Comieal History until the Day of Judgement. What shall I say else to the applauded satire against Man, of one of our admired Wits, wherein he has bid Defiance to our Profession, and to all Mankind at once, in telling us, That All Men would be Cowards, if they durst, but only this, That if Cowards bid so fair for Universal Monarchy, the Spaniards even yet may hope not to be excluded. But this, alas! is but the Gospel of a Poet, who was supposed to have said this in defence of himself, who lay under some Scandal of that kind. But what do we talk of single Persons, when of late there is risen up a New Sect among us, who make Conscience of Cowardice, and entail Religion upon it; I mean the sneaking Anabaptists, who are proper Patrons for such a Doctrine as this, That all Wars are unlawful. I shall not press them with the Heroic Description of the War-Horse in the Book of Job, because I hear that has not the Authority of Canonical Scripture with them, but is reputed no less Apocryphal than our Profession. But what do they say to the Practice of one of the first Reformers abroad; Zuinglius, who scrupled not to be a Captain, and died bravely in his Calling at the Battle of Zurick; leaving an Example behind him, which those of the Helvetian Reformation have followed close ever since, as all Republics taste much of their first Beginnings, since the Swiss-Cantons are in effect but a Commonwealth of Soldiers; who by hiring of War abroad among their Neighbour-Princes, have wisely found the way to free their Country from Thiefs, as also from the unhappy and dismal Effects of Civil Wars at home (as they are generally called) though I think for the most part very rude and sharp, and indeed the worst sort of all. Where are they now that accuse Rapine and Poverty, as the natural and immediate Results of War; since it appears, by a juster Calculation of Astrology, that Beggars entered into all Christian Countries, upon the Dissolution of Slaves; as even the Republic of Swissers affords us a Glorious Instance in the other respect, since no Commonwealth furnishes out more Soldiers, or has fewer Thiefs. I take Mr. Hobbs to be a far better Divine than any of the Anabaptists, in his Opinion, That the State of Nature is a State of War, where every Man's Sword is against another. Nor do I think his other Opinion, That Dominion is sounded in Power, altogether so ill-grounded and extravagant, since it cuts off so many nice Disputes about Prince's Titles, and the Rights and Justice, or Lawfulness of their Wars, which seems so unreasonable to engage Men of our Profession in, that it appears a Task much fit for an Army of Casuists than Soldiers. Did the Anabaptists look for Miracles, their condemning all Camps as unlawful, might merit the same Excuse, as their condemning all Colleges and Schools, as vain and superfluous, from their Pretences to Inspiration; for so the Argument would hold alike fair, and concluding for banishing both Soldiers and Scholars out of the World; and as they make one step to make Dunces by Divine Right for company. I deny not but that I gaze often, as I ought, with profound Reverence and Admiration, upon Sampson's kill Heaps upon Heaps, with the Jawbone of an Ass; and upon the Walls of Jericho falling flat before the Trumpets of Rams-horns; and upon Gideon's miraculous Campagne with his Three hundred Men, armed with their Lamps lighted, and their Pitchers in their hands. These I look upon as very extraordinary and magnificent Scenes in that Age of Miracles: But now that these miraculous Militia's are ceased, which it may be were peculiar to that State, I frankly own, That the Sword of God and Gideon is to me more intelligible; and I ingenuously profess myself much of the same Belief of that Spanish Marshal, who used to say, He trusted in God and great Squadrons. FINIS.