A DISCOURSE CONCERNING A Lumber-Office: BEING A True Remedy FOR THE Scarcity of Money.  
LONDON: Printed by Sam Darker, for J. Laurence, at the Angel in the Poultry. 1696.   

A DISCOURSE concerning A Lumber-Office: BEING A True Remedy for the Scarcity of Money.  
A Lumber-Office has been long since suggested as an undertaking of great Advantage to the Nation, and certainly 'tis our misfortune that ways and means to render it practicable have not yet been adjusted. But if it were desirable formerly, much more may it now, during the scarcity of money; for the Notes of Credit which might be given out upon the security of Goods, would be in effect so much money, and the National Medium of Commerce being thus enlarged, Trade might take its course as formerly: but according to the present method we are in, Money is growing scarcer, and Trade is decaying daily. Some may perhaps impute our Calamity to the present Abatement of the Numbered Money: but there is no reason for that, since we have experienced not long ago that Guineas (alone) did much better answer the demands of Trade, than all our Gold and Silver does now; or if such Abatement before mentioned, were the cause of it, what is the reason that by so vast an addition of new Money as has been since Coined, we do not find our Calamity proportionably redressed? The Addition of two Millions, certainly is sufficient to make a Conjecture by; but if instead of relief we find Money more scarce, and Trade more sunk, than the cause of our suffering lies somewhere else, Viz. In the loss of our Paper Credit: And unless this be reestablished as well as the Coin, our difficulties must continue. You'll say, when the Coin is Reminted, Paper will be paid as formerly, and so its credit will be restored in statu quo. But Money having got the start, it will be a long time before Paper can overtake it again: For how can Paper be restored unless Notes be paid? And how can Notes be paid so long as Money bears a price? (For the profit by Banking, will not Countervail the charge of procuring Money to pay Paper with) and how can we expect this price should be brought down by the Addition of 3 or 4 Millions more to complete our cash, since three Millions already Coined have no way abated its price? But after all, we find Money is scarcer than ever. 'Tis somewhat surprising, but yet the reason is plain: Paper was always of such use in Trade, that 'tis more than probable, the National Cash was hardly a third part of the medium of Commerce; and if 2 thirds of this medium shall be sunk, it necessary follows, that the other third should bear a considerable price; and price will make it more scarce, because every Man will keep it for Sale; and at this rate, had we never so much Coined, it would never be plenty. Whereas if Paper were Current, there would be no Temptation to keep up Money; for as Money Circulates Paper, so Paper Circulates Money, i. e. draws it forth into use: And therefore they are absolutely necessary to each other. Some perhaps may fancy it better, that Paper were altogether laid aside, and that its Room were supplied with Plenty of Money; but as the former would be absurd, so the latter is impracticable, 'tis impossible to multiply Money to that degree, as to Answer (by itself) the demands of Trade; for the Gold and Silver Manufactures do employ great part of the Bullion, and 'tis not much can be spared to make Money of; and when 'tis made, if Bullion be wanting to their Business, the Money must return to the melting Pot, because such Demands of Bullion, will raise its price beyond the value of the Mony. But suppose all the Silver and Gold extant, were made into Money, and that it were possible to preserve it in that form, yet this whole quantity is but little, Comparatively to the value of all other Merchandise, and therefore would be but a scanty Disproportionable measure, to the thing measured. Thus it being past all doubt, that Paper is indispensably necessary to the Interest of Trade; the next thing will be to propose such a sort of Paper, as will be unexceptionable. As for the Notes abroad, at present, 'tis impossible they should be paid; during the price of Money, for so, the Bankers would quickly pay themselves out of Doors; but the secured Notes we here treat of, will be paid, in regard the Merchants and Tradesmen that give them out upon their Goods, do receive such considerable Advantage by them, that they cannot but think it worth their while to purchase Money at any rate to pay them withal; thus if they are duly paid, they will Answer as Money, and so (by removing the discount between Money and Paper) Trade will revive and our difficulties will soon be over.  
Having premised a few things, to show the reasonableness of this undertaking, I shall proceed to give a description of a plain and practicable method to Accomplish what we have proposed, and though it be in brief, yet I hope it may be clear and satisfactory to all, Viz.  
1. The Pledge here intended is not to be Lands nor Houses, but Goods, for these being movable are free from all dispute about Title, and are readily sold, in case the Notes secured by them are not duly paid.  
2. These Goods are to be made security according to form of Law, (not that they are pawned; for here is no Money borrowed on them, nor are they to be redeemed by Money) but they are deposited in the hands of an indifferent person, to assure the Bearer of such Notes, that the respective Principals are able to pay, and by their making them a strict security, it appears, they resolve to be punctual at time of Payment.  
3. The goods designed to be entered at the Office, are first to be viewed by a Sworn Appraiser, who has given Security of his fidelity in that matter, he is to draw up an Inventory of their Qualities, Quantities and Values: The Warehouse-Keeper that is to take them into Custody being present, that he may be able to Subscribe, that he has received the Contents of the Inventory: And the Warehouse-Keeper having received the Goods, is to declare a trust for the Bearers of the Notes given out upon them, whereby he is obliged to detain them until the Notes are satisfied.  
4. The deed whereby the Goods are made a Pledge, may contain to this effect, Viz. That the Goods entered shall be redeemable at any time, with the same Number of Notes taken out upon them. That the Goods may be viewed by A. B. at the Lumber-Office, or his assigus once after entry, if they shall think fit. That they shall be removed within 12 Months after Entry. That a tenth part of the value of the Notes in Money, be Lodged at the place of payment, directed on the Notes respectively. That all such Notes shall be duly paid within 14 days, after the respective Bearers have given notice thereof at the place of Payment. That in case the owner shall lapse the time of Payment for the space of 3 days, after the said Term of 14 days, than the Bearer is Authorized to seize and sell the Goods, and make himself restitution: Provided always that the owner have 3 days warning, before such seizure. And that at the time of seizure, the owner may if he please prevent it, by paying the Contents of the Notes, with an overplus of 12 pence per Note, per Diem, for the Bearers Damages and Disappointment. This Instrument is to be so drawn up, as to be firm security to the Bearer of Notes, nor need the owner be Solicitous at the firmness of such Obligation, for he is bound to no more than what common honesty always obliges him to, Viz. To pay his Debts. For if he give out these Notes in payment as Money, he must expect to Answer them with Money, when Demanded, or that his Goods make satisfaction. Nor are his Goods in any Danger, unless he utterly deserts them (which cannot be supposed) for the owner is always sure of 3 days notice, before the Goods can be Alienated.  
5. The Warehouse to receive the Goods, is not one particular place (for then a vast Treasure might be consumed if fire happen) but any Warehouse will serve, provided it be Common and Free for every Man's use. The owner may choose one where he pleases, and pitch on proper Apartments there, as shall be agreeable to his Goods; he may secure them under a Lock, and keep the Key, and have free access to them when he pleases: But he must not remove any thing, until it be discharged at the Office, for so the Warehouse Keeper having declared a trust for the Bearer, might come to damage.  
6. The Money set apart to Circulate the Notes, must be Lodged somewhere in some trusty hand that the owner shall choose, who is to certify in Writing, that he received such a sum from such a one, and will keep it in trust for the Bearers of his Notes, or until he return the said Certificate, etc. This is the place the Note is to be directed to, and hither the Bearer must repair for his Mony. As for the Banker that takes this trouble on him, it cannot be supposed he makes any advantage by the Money, it being no more than sufficient to Circulate the Notes, therefore the owner when he takes up his Notes, is to pay him a recompense of so much per Note.  
7. When the owner of Goods would enter them in the Office, he is to bring the foresaid Inventory with the Warehouse-Keepers and Bankers Certificates, and having Signed the aforesaid Articles of Agreement, he is to have 3 fourth's of the value in five pound Notes, which are of this form: I promise to pay unto Mr.— or Bearer, the Sum of five Pounds within fourteen days after his first Demand. Witness my hand, etc.  
8. These Notes when they are first paid away, are to be Dated and Signed by their Principals, i. e. those that took them out of the Office. Thereby the Bearer will know who is ultimately accountable for the Note, in case the Pledge should come to any disaster. So that the Bearer has double security for the value of his Note; the Pledge ensures the owner, and the owner (by giving his Note of promise as aforesaid) ensures the Pledge: For by that Note he is as much accountable for the Money, as if no Pledge had been deposited. And here you may observe, that as he that takes the Notes is safe from any loss by them, so he that gives them out is secure from being run upon, in regard of the fourteen days warning, for in that time he may make provision for their Payment.  
9 When the owner would withdraw his Goods out of the Warehouse, and Money out of the Bankers hand, he is to bring the Office so many Notes as he received, and take up all his Papers, whereby he is able to discharge the Banker and Warehouse-Keeper from their trusts, and so may command his Goods and Money again.  
10. Whereas the Counterfeiting of Notes is so often practised, and thereby their credit and currency much obstructed, we have provided a peculiar way of Discrimination, which will effectually secure them from Forgery, because hereby every Man that receives the Notes will be able to try their truth without going to the Office. The expedient is this: On one part of the Note is fixed a piece of Paper that is Chemically prepared, which if you writ on with a peculiar sort of Ink, the strokes will presently change from black to red, but on other Paper the writing by the said Ink will remain black; this Ink every Man may keep by him, and thereby Examine his Notes when he pleases with very little trouble, and if they Answer such Trial he may be assured they are right; because of the great difficulty of such a Forgery; for though other Notes may be exactly imitated by those that through long practice have arrived at skill in writing and engraving, yet these Notes will not be so exposed, because this secret is not to be obtained by the dint and force of Industry as the other Arts are, but its discovery (if it happen) will be merely fortuitous; and after that, the Man that knows it, is never the more capable of forming a Counterfeit, unless he be dexterous also at Writing and Engraving (for these Lumber-Notes will be Printed from a Copper Plate, etc.) and as it is very unlikely that any one Man should ever be qualified to perform the whole business himself, so 'tis very great odds, if several Men accomplished for the several parts of such a Forgery shall happen to be so well acquainted as to meet and concert this affair. Or after all, if such a thing should happen, we can but call in the former Notes and Exchange them for others that have a new Criterion, and so we may defy those impious Artists to begin as soon as they please, for (considering the difficulty of finding out this secret, the fatigue of giving a Note that Justness as to be fit to put off, the hazard of discovery in putting off, and the loss of all their charge and pains by the appointing of a new Criterion) 'tis demonstrable it cannot be worth their while.  
11. The Goods fit to be entered on this account are all such, as are durable and of steady value, but those especially are most fit that contain much value under a small Bulk, for hereby the owner will save a great deal of the Charge of Warehouse-Room. And also those that require long keeping, and are the better for Age (such as Leather, Tobacco, etc.) for so the owner reaps double Advantage, having his Stock to improve while his Goods are also upon improvement.  
12. And lastly, consider the profit that every Man may make by entering Goods, which will be very great both to the Landed-Man and Tradesman, as I shall endeavour to Demonstrate.  
First, The Landed-Man may make the Products of his Land, such as Corn, Wool, Timber, Coals, Metals, etc. A medium of Commerce which shall be Answerable to all intents and purposes, as Gold and Silver, and by Consequence the Land that produces such Goods, will be as valuable as if it had actually yielded those Noble Metals, and when by this means the medium of Commerce shall be enlarged, the interest of Money will fall much lower, which will be another occasion of Advancing the value of Land.  
Secondly, The Tradesman will meet with great Advantages not only by the low interest of Money, but by the opportunity of Trading upon the credit of his Dead Stock of Goods; which I shall evince by the following Examples. Suppose a Merchant has by him 4000 l. worth of Goods which he can't dispose of at present to Advantage, he therefore enters them according to the methods proposed for 3000 l. credit (i. e. 600 five pound Notes) to Circulate this credit he is at the Charge of procuring a tenth part of the said sum, i. e. 300 l. in specie, this perhaps during the present scarcity of Money may cost him 17 per cent. But this Charge will cease as soon Notes and Money are reduced to an Equality.  
The other Charge is as follows,  l. s. d. For the interest of 300 l. for a whole year 18 0 0 For 600 Lumber-Notes at 2 d. each 5 0 0 For Appraisment of the Goods suppose 1 0 0 For entry at the Office 0 5 0  24 5 0  
This is all the Charge that properly belongs to this account. As for Cartage, Porterage, Warehouse-Room, etc. The Goods will require whether they are concerned in this matter or nor. So then the Merchant will enjoy the effective sum of 3000 l. the space of a year, for the charge of 24 l. 5 s. though at first, we must add 48 l. more, being the price of Procuration, both which together make 72 l. 5 d. s whereas the usual interest of so much Money amounts to 850 l. per An. So that the Merchant gains 77 l. 15 s. over and above the usual profits he hopes to make when he fells these Goods. But as soon as Money and Notes become equal, his Charge will be only 24 l. 5 s. and then he will (instead of the 77 l. aforesaid) be gainer 126 l. 15 s. This I think is good Encouragement, considering that if he let his Stock lie by dead a whole year, he not only loses the interest of 4000 l. viz. 200 l. But is in the mean time straitened in his Business, for want of Stock to Trade with.  
But besides, there is another thing very considerable for the Tradesman's Encouragement, and that is the quick Returns of his Stock, which are promoted by this method; as for Example, suppose a Man has a dead Stock of Goods to the value of 40 l. he enters these at the office for 30 l. Credit: hereby it is evident that ¾ths of his Stock is immediately returned. This 30 l. Credit is specified by 6 Notes; and with these (suppose) he buys more Goods to the value of 30 l. which he enters for 4. Notes, or 20 l. Credit, and so makes a return of ½ of his Original Stock. This 20 l. Credit will purchase more Goods to the value of 20 l. and these may be entered for 3 Notes, and these 3 Notes will buy 15 l. worth of Goods, that may be entered, etc. for 2 Notes; these will purchase 10 l. worth of Goods which may be entered, etc. for one Note, and this will buy 5 l. worth of Goods. Thus by every bargain and entry he has returned some part of his Original Stock. Now if he sell all these Goods (which together amount to the value of 120 l.) at the rate of 10 per Cent profit, he than raises the sum of 122 l. out of this he is to Answer 16 Notes, which comes to 80 l. then he has left (40 l.) his first Stock, and 12 l. gains, which after all charges are deducted, may be about (9 l.) Now compare this method with the present way of Trade. Suppose a Tradesman disposes of 40 pounds worth of Goods for 10 per Cent profit, (which is 4 l.) and after 9 or 12 months he receives his Mony. And having deducted the interest lost by trusting so long, he really gains, but 1 l. 13 s. 4 d. which is but a poor recompense for his Charge, Trouble, and Hazard: And upon this Account it is, that the Generality of Tradesmen are exposed to very great Discouragements, which will be removed by this expedient of a Lumber-Office.  
I shall next Answer various Queries, that will naturally arise upon this subject.  
Q. How shall we make these Notes pass, for at this time nothing will satisfy but Money? Answ. There is no doubt, but that if Notes are well secured and duly paid, they will be accepted as Money, nevertheless, those that are positive in their Demands of Money, may be as freely paid in Money as Notes, for 'tis really all one, in paying Notes you part with the same value as if it were Mony. But if it happen you have not Money, they must either take your Notes, or trust on till you have it. And be sure, rather than depend upon uncertainties they will take these secured Notes, for by these they are sure of their Money in fourteen days.  
Q. But why should I thus oblige myself to pay in 14 days? When at present I am at Liberty, to hold my Creditors in Play as many months if I please. Answ. There is no reason why a just debt should not be paid in 14 days as well as 14 Months, nor is there any thing got by delay, since it must be paid at last. Perhaps you'll say you save the interest of the Money, but 'tis most certain the Tradesman must allow himself for that loss, in the price of his Goods▪ or else he can't live, and one time or other you must refund what you have so sordidly gotten. But further consider this Liberty of paying when you please; confounds all Trade, for the Tradesman can't lay hold on several opportunities of buying, because he is kept out of his Money, nor dare he accept of many opportunities of selling, for fear of slow Payment and bad Debts: But if he were sure of his Money in 14 days, or a month, or two, or be it more, so it be but certain; 'tis as good as ready Money, because he can order his Affairs with certainty. And lastly consider, that the punctual Payment here required is absolutely necessary, to support the currency of your Notes, and if you cannot comply with the Terms, you must deny yourself those Advantages which are to be made, by having Credit on your dead Stock of Goods.  
Q. But how can a tenth part in specie suffice for Circulating these Notes? For certainly during the violent Demands of specie, nothing less than an equal quantity will do. And if so, it cannot be worth while to purchase Money at 17 per Cent. for this purpose. Answ. Yes, 'tis worth while though an equal quantity of specie were always necessary for this purpose. For suppose you pay 17 l. to procure the Loan of 100 l. in specie to Circulate 100 l. in Paper, you then have the effectual sum of 200 l. for the said premium of 17 l. which is no more than half the prices what others are forced to give. And further consider, if these Notes are so secured, that their Payment is certain and unavoidable, I cannot see, but that they are equivalent to specie, and may be bought and sold as such, and seeing you are furnished at a half price, you have an opportunity of Advantage by selling them, if you do not need them for other uses. But when the medium of Commerce shall be so far enlarged, as to cause this price of Money to cease, you will easily grant me that the Demands of specie will be so moderate, as that all Notes may be Circulated by a tenth part in specie.  
Q. But why should I put myself to Charge in taking out these Notes, since 'tis a question whether (if I should pass them away) they will stay abroad so long, as to Countervail the Charge? Answ. You are sure of 14 days respite, for every Man in taking the Note, consents to stay so long for his Money, and in that time 'tis odds, but the Bearer may have occasion to pay them away, and so gains you longer time, or if he have no urgent occasion, 'tis not probable he should be in Post haste to give the pre-requisite warning of 14 days; being well assured his Money is good: Either way you have a fair chance for gaining time. Or suppose the worst, that he comes on the 14th day after the date of the Note, yet you are no loser, as appears by this Example which we mentioned before. Suppose you have given out 600 Notes to one Man, and he brings them all again on the 14th day, to be Answered with 3000 l. in Money; the Money was due when you paid out the Notes, but by deferring it for 14 days, you have so much of the Interest as amounts to 7 l. whereas the charge of the Notes, the Entry, Appraisment, etc. is all together but 6 l. 5 s. So that you are no loser.  
Q. But suppose I am run upon with Notes, at a time when I am bare of Money, must my Goods by such an accident he exposed to seizure? Answ. You can never be surprised as you imagine, because you have always 14 days notice to provide for Payment. Again, consider that the reasons which moved you to be concerned in entering Goods, have influenced abundance of Tradesmen besides: And if you find any one of these to press impertinently for specie, 'tis likely the Office, if you desire it, may be able in 14 days time to help you to so many of his Notes as will pay him. Doubtless, the mere possibility of such a thing will be a check upon all troublesome demands of specie, and if Tradesmen shall for this reason favour one another, you need not fear other persons, for they are not like to have so many of your Notes as to puzzle your Payment.  
Q. But why do you propose only a tenth part to be Lodged at the Bankers, for Circulating the Notes, when 'tis evident, an equal part can but just suffice: For at first every Man will be eager to try the strength of his Note, and draw out the Money as soon as possible? Answ. At first therefore you must be Cautious not to deliver out more Notes than your specie will Answer: And afterwards, when the World gins to be acquainted with the validity of the Notes, they will not be in such haste to draw out their Money, and so you may gradually give out the rest of your Notes.  
Q. But may not the Bearer of Notes, who is invested with the power of selling the Goods, be injurious to the owner by unnecessary exposing them to Sale? Answ. No, he cannot, for according to agreement in the deed, the owner is to have 3 days notice before Seizure can be made, and in that time he may prevent it if he please by paying the Money, or if any damage happen afterwards, 'tis wholly owing to himself.  
Q. But suppose I have entered Goods on this Account, and have delivered out all my Notes; must I stay till all these Notes return home again, before I can take out my Goods from the Warehouse? Answ. No, though your Notes are all abroad, yet you may remove your Goods at any time, provided you bring so many Lumber-Notes of one sort or other, for they being equally secured by valuable Pledges, may promiscuously exchange for each other.  
Q. But if I remove my Goods while my Notes are abroad, I take away the Pledge that Answers my Notes, and how are the Bearers safe in that case? Answ. Tho there are no Goods immediately belonging to your Notes, yet the Notes left in their Room (when you redeemed your Goods) have Goods to support them: And whenever the Bearer of your Notes shall repair to the place of payment, and there find your account closed, he can but carry them to the Office, where they will be Canceled, and exchanged for others that will be paid.  
Q. But the Warehouse-Keeper has a declared trust for the Bearer of my Notes, and therefore without sight of those Notes he cannot safely deliver me my Goods. Answ. If the Warehouse-Keepers obligation be returned him, he is discharged from his trust. Now this Writing you must procure from him, by paying an equivalent in Notes at the Office: And when he has taken up this Writing, he need not care what becomes of those particular Notes.  
Q. But how may the Bearer be assured, there are such Goods in Custody, or that they shall be detained until his Notes are Answered. Answ. The Bearer that is dissatisfied may view the Writings at the Office, and there see the Testimony of the Sworn Appraiser, as to matter of fact, who may be believed, both because he is Sworn to be faithful, and because he has no iuterest to deceive, for if the Bearer be like to suffer through his negligence, he must make him restitution. Nor can the owner think it any favour to have part of his Goods (mentioned in the Inventory) left at home, for he is nevertheless accountable for his Notes. Nor can it be supposed, the Warehouse-Keeper should acknowledge the Receipt of such Goods, and so make himself accountable for things he has not; much less can it be supposed, that he should deliver them before they are duly discharged, for thereby he will expose himself to Answer damages to the Bearer. Therefore the Bearer has all the Moral assurance that can be, that his Notes have Goods to Answer them, and more he cannot have though he saw the Goods, for he must still take it upon trust that these are the Goods, that belong to his Notes. If he have the Leisure and Curiosity to Examine whether the Goods agree with the Inventory, he must stay till the time comes to Seize the Goods: In the mean time, as long as he never hears any Complaint of defaults in that respect, and if he find that all Notes are duly paid, 'tis an Argument to sense, that there is a sufficient actual Cogency somewhere. And so long the Bearer may be satisfied, though he be not particularly informed what sort of Goods the Pledge belonging to his Notes does consist of.  
Q. You say these Notes are as good as Money, but how does that appear? For the Notes may commonly be paid well, yet sometimes we find they fall short? Answ. These Notes differ from other Notes; they are Notes of promise, and somewhat more, Viz. A Transfer of conditional Title to certain Goods of equal value, as appears by the Deed at the Office. So that there is a Real and Personal security which we can't suppose will fail both together, and while either of them hold, the Bearer cannot lose by his Notes; whereas other Notes wholly depend on personal security. Therefore the Bearer may look on these Notes as Tantamount to so many five pound pieces of Gold, and really they are so, for all the ends of Commerce, any, in some respects better than Money, being not subject to the like hazards. As for instance, when you take Money you are not sure it is true, as to weight and standard, and perhaps have not opportunity or skill to try it: But these Notes carry with them satisfactory evidences of their truth, which you may easily try by the liquor of probation. Money is often the occasion of Burglaries, Murders, etc. but these Notes will be no prey in that case, for they will not be paid, till the 14th day after notice, and in that time the injured party may enter a Caveat at the place of Payment: And if the Number of the Note be published, it may prove an occasion of apprehending the Felon. Money may be lost, and is seldom or never recoverable afterwards, but the these Notes are lost, yet the Pledge is still indebted to the last Bearer, and he may have his loss repaired with other Notes, provided he can tell their Numbers, and will give security against their future appearance.  
Q. But how can a little piece of Paper stand in comparison with Money? For this has intrinsic value? Answ. What matters it what the outward form of Cash is? Be it Metal, or Leather, or Paper, it is all one, so it will commute value for value. As for the Intrinsic value of Gold and Silver, 'tis no more than a Relative value, in that they are (by reason of their searcity) become the measure of Commutation: But as to any value inherent in their natures, I do not know that they excel so much; for other Metals (called Base because they are found in great plenty) are really of more use to mankind. Now if Money be desirable only for its relative value, than I say these Notes may vie with it, for there is not one Note but what has Relation to a Pledge, that if there be no occasion will raise the value of the Note.  
Q. But how are we sure that the Office will not deliver out more Notes than they have Pledges to support them? Answ. There is no ground for such a Jealousy, it being impossible for them to gain by such a fraud, for all Notes delivered out of the Office must return thither, to be answered with other Payable Notes, or if these be wanting, they are to assist the Bearer in the recovery of the Pledge, or if the Pledge should happen to be destroyed by any Casualty, yet it will lie on them to prove who was the first Author of the Note, that so the Bearer may sue him for his Note of promise.  
These are all the Queries and Difficulties I can think of at present, and if any others arise, I doubt not but they may be answered to satisfaction. Thus you have a general view of this undertaking, and I might now descend to particulars relating to the practical part, but I forbear till I hear the opinion of Merchants and Traders, who are the most proper Judges in this matter, and if they shall resolve to encourage it, Trade will soon arrive to such an happy pitch, as to make the Nation more Glorious than ever.  
FINIS.