A geographical DESCRIPTION Of the Kingdom of IRELAND. According to the 5 Provinces, and 32 Counties; together with the Stations, Creeks, and Harbours belonging thereto: fit for Gentlemen, soldiers, and seamen to acquaint themselves withal. As also Declaring the Right and Titles of the Kings of England unto that Kingdom.  
Likewise Setting down a brief Relation of the former Rebellions, and of their suppression; especially that in Q. Elizabeth's time by Tyrone: whence many matters worth observing may be collected, useful for this present Service.  
By a Well-willer to the peace of both Kingdoms.  
London, Printed by I. R. for Godfrey Emerson, and are to be sold at his Shop, at the sign of the Swan in Little-Britain, 1642.   

To the Reader.  
Courteous Reader,  
MAny have lately cast their Treasure, do thou cast thine Eye, upon distressed Ireland; 'twill be a way to show thy Charity, without any great venture: Or if thou be in the number of Adventurers, when thou shalt have read this, thou wilt count thy part insured. The Advantage, Knowledge; and Delight thou mayst reap by it, I refer to thine own apprehension and judgement; Assuring th●e, thou needest not fear to engage thy purse, in the survey of that country, where so good a King was willing to engage His Person. Such is the engagement of  
Thy Friend and 
 wellwisher, 
 G. N.   


A geographical DESCRIPTION Of the Kingdom of IRELAND.  
BEing in the North of England, and desirous to pass into the Kingdom of Ireland, and not willing to go more Northward, although from Galloway in Scotland, (which Bede terms Candida casa, the Vulgar white-hern) there be but a short cut, yet more willing to go the nearest way to Westchester; but not finding the wind fair at my coming, I traveled along to Saint Davis in Pembrokeshire, whence I had a speedy passage into Ireland, but somewhat dangerous, by reason of the sands and shelves which lie off into the sea, but our putting into harbour worse, because of the continual mists that hang over the low flat land, so that our Pilot could hardly discern his marks.  
There are many fair Ports and Harbours for Ships, on the East and South sides of what I shall speak, in the Description of the particular Counties.  
Concerning the names of several Nations and Men, they have their several conceits, it is known by the name Ireland to us.  
It is an ancient island, and not of little esteem, in regard of the greatness of it, being accounted the third island anciently known in the habitable world, by good Geographers; who say, That of all lands, for greatness the Indian Taprobane is chief; the next after it, is Britain; and in a third degree, another British island, called Hibernia, that is, Ireland; so that Ptolemy called it Little-Britain: The situation is under the 10 and 12 climates, in Longitude extending 4 Degrees from the Meridian of 11 Degrees and half: And the Latitude reacheth 4 Degrees from the parallel of 54, to that of 58 Degrees.  
The Inhabitants are divided by the name of Wilde-Irish, and the English Irish, living in the English Pale, where the English at their first going over did enclose themselves.  
Formerly it was divided into 5 Kingdoms, now Provinces; namely monster, lying Southward, Lemster Eastward, Connagh in the West, Ulster in the North, and Meth in the midst almost.  
From North to South, in length 400 miles, in breadth 200 miles.  

monster, in Latin Mamonia, the Irish Mown, containeth 6 Counties, besides the County of Holy cross in Typperary; the first is,  
Kirry, which lieth near the mouth of the River Shannon, and runneth out narrow at the entrance, but towards the Sea, with a broader promontory embraced by the Sea on both sides.  
A country mountainous, woody and wild, loftily looking into the Ocean; in which are many fruitful fields, and pleasant valleys, beset thick with woods.  
A County Palatine granted to the Earl of Desmond by the special favour of Edward the third; but being often ingrateful in their rebellious treasons, and rebellions lost it.  
Towards the Sea there is a territory called Clanmorris; not far off standeth Ardart a See of a poor Bishop called Ardfert.  
Towards the South of this runneth a fair River named Dingle, a commondious Port on the other side named Smirwick-sound, or St. Marywick, where the Spaniards to aid the rebellious Earl of Desmond, 1583. set footing.  
Desmond, Desmonia, in Irish Deswown; lieth largely stretched out towards the South, in which are three high promontories over-topping the Sea, and contemning his proud waves, running out into the South-west, called west-Mounster.  
The first promontory lieth between Dingle-bay and the River Maire, and is called Clan-car, and hath a Castle built at Dunkeran by the carew's of England, in it dwelled Donel mac Carty more, a L▪ of the Irish blood.  
The second lieth enclosed within two bays, Maire and Bantre, named bearhaven.  
This for the most part is a lean, barren, hungry soil, in which lived O Swillivant bear, and O Swillivant Bantre, both of the same stock and high blood in their country.  
The third called Eraugh situate between Bantre and Balatamore or Baltamore, a bay or creek famous for the multitude of Herrings that are taken there, in this the O Mahouns by the gift of the carew's have large possessions; the Calverts Lord Baltimort the South promontory called of the ancients Notium, is at this day called Missen-head, the Feildings are Earls of Desmond and Viscounts Callon.  
The County of Cork, anciently reputed a kingdom, containing the whole space a long the Sea from Lismore unto St. Brend, where it headeth Desmond westward, in the bowels whereof lieth Muskery, a wild forest, where Cormac mac xeg, it is a great name, and towards the Sea coast lieth Carkray, in which the mac Curties have the greatest power.  
There lieth towards the South Sea a Port and road anciently of good safeguard for ships, but by reason of a bar in the mouth of it, it falls dry at the ebb, and is now of little use, it lieth four leagues westward from the out-point of Kinsale.  
Between Rosse and Kinsale there lieth a small island in the Sea called Roem, which may be failed about, having ten fathom water between that and the main▪ three leagues from hence lieth cape de velho or Old-head, from whence to England end is 46 leagues, it is a high point reaching forth into the Sea, from whence about a quarter of a league South-west lieth the mouth of the Haven of Kinsale: a very commodious Port, 10, and 15. fathom going in and 4 or 5 to the very town which lieth up in the mouth of the river Bany in a fruitful soil, furnished with wood, and other commodities: Lord Cour●y is Baron of Kinsale.  
On the other side of Kinsale lieth Kerry wherry a small territory once belonging to the E. of Desmond: right before which lieth the river Sauranus or Severanus which fetcheth its first original from the mountain of Muskerry: and going along by the head city of the county Cork by the Irish Corcach honoured with a Bishops See; together with the See of Clumi annexed to it.  
The river both roundeth and runneth through the midst of the town not passable, but by bridges lying in length in one broad street having a bridge over it.  
It is a town of great resort and populous▪ but formerly subject to the injury of the rebels; which made them keep a careful watch against them. That religious and devout man Brioc who flourished among the Saul's was borne and bred here.  
Below Cork the parting of the river maketh a sweet and pleasant island over against the chief dwelling house of the Barries, called Barry Court, derived from Robert de Barry an Englishman; who behaved himself valiantly in the Irish wars, and was the first that manned and brought the hawk to hand in Ireland: he had the title of Baron Barry; but after of Viscount Beutiphant.  
The former river empties into the Sea below Barry Court near Imokelly a fair possession long since of the Earls of Desmond; and contains a safe road in the mouth of it.  
As this supplies the lower part of the country, so blackwater, called anciently Even-more, the great river moisteneth the upper part, upon which dwelleth the Noble family of Roeh, who went out of England, and flourished there and enjoyed the title of Viscount Fermoy: and were Parliament Barons in Edward the 2. time.  
Yoghall standeth on this river's mouth, a Major town, nor great, but walled about, builded in length, and divided into two parts, the upper reacheth northwest, and hath a Church in it, and the lower part Southwest; the commodiousness of the Key makes it much frequented by Merchants.  
The County of Waterford lieth in the East side of Ireland, stretching out itself between the rivers, Broadwater West, and shower East; the Main on the South, and Tipperary Norwest; both delightsome, and very profitable.  
When Broadwater hath outrun the County of Cork, behind it Lismore presently showeth itself, an episcopal See where Christian once sat, that was of the same cloister with Saint Bernard, and Pope Eugenius; but now annexed unto Waterford: The Lumly's are Viscounts of Waterford.  
At the mouth of which river standeth Aidmore, a small town, so called because it standeth near the Sea.  
Not far from hence standeth Dungarvan, having a strong hold of good force: It is a Tide-haven 8 leagues from Waterford, full of rocks, and deep within the harbour.  
Viscount Dessee, together with the Barony of Dungarvan, King Henry the sixth granted to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury; but afterward, seeing it lay conveniently to that part of monster that was to be brought under, and reduced into order, it was by a Parliament annexed to the Crown of England.  
On the side of the river shower, Waterford the principal City of this County maketh a fair show; the Irish and Britains call it Porthlargy, the English Waterford, 37 leagues from England's end.  
It was built by certain pirates of Norway; the air is gross and unhealthy, the soil not fertile, the streets penned and narrow; yet by reason of the commodiousness of the harbour, which is fair and wide, 10 or 11 fathom deep going in, it is much frequented, and of great resort, driving a quick trade, so that it is esteemed the second City in the Kingdom, and hath continued always true and loyal to the Crown of England, ever since Richard Earl of Pembroke won it first, and hath received many favours and privileges from the Kings of England for their good services.  
And Henry the seventh augmented them much, for their discreet carriage of themselves against the mock-Prince Perkin Warbeck, who counterfeited Richard the third, under which colour he cozened a great Peer of Scotland of his fair daughter.  
This County of Waterford, together with the City, King Henry the sixth gave unto John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury.  
But by reason of wars in France, and the civil dissensions between the houses of York and Lancaster, the Kings of England were busied, and the Nobles so entangled in those broils, that they could not intend the affairs of Ireland, so that the Irish grew very insolent and powerful: So that in the 28 year of H. 8. though the fault were committed long before his days; yet for punishment, by Act of Parliament it was ordered, That the heirs of many Noblemen, as the Earl of Shrewsbury, Ormond, the Duke of Norfolk, and Baron Barkley, and all the Abbots and Priors (for they were all found liable to this punishment) with the rest, should forfeit all their lands and demesnes in Ireland, into the King's hands for such neglect and absence.  
The County of Limrick is an inland County, lying behind that of Cork Northward, between Kerry, the river Shanon, and the County of Tipperary a very fruitful and populous place, but not eminent for any thing of note.  
The Western part of it is called Conilagh, wherein there is Knoc Patrick, a very high hill, from whence there is a pleasant prospect into the Sea; where you may see how Shanon falls in to the Virginian.  
The head City is Limrick, which Shanon by parting begirteth round, the Irish call it Loumeagh, and the English Limerick; it is a chief Market-town of monster, and the See of a Bishop, and at this day called two Towns; the upper, wherein stands the cathedral Church, and a Castle, and hath two gates, and each of them a stone Bridge with bulwarks, the one leading into the West, the other into the East, unto which the lower Town joineth, fenced with a wall, and a Castle thereto, and a foregate at the entrance into it: Lord Esmond is Baron of Limrick.  
In the South of this County is Kilmallo, the next Town to Limrick both in substance and inhabitants, encompassed likewise with a wall: Viscount Sarsfield of Kilmallo.  
Not far off standeth Adare, a little Town, hard unto which lieth Elan Gibbon, where dwelled the White-Knight, so called for his grey hairs.  
The other inhabitants of note are the Lacies, Browns, H●rlyes, Chacyes, Sapells, and Pourcells, all of English race; also the Mac she's, Mac Brian, O Brien, of Irish blood.  
The County of Tipperary is bounded Westward, with Limrick and the river Shanon Eastward, with the County of Kilkenny, with the County of Cork and Waterford southward, and North with the territories of the O carols. The south-part hath much corn, and many beautiful buildings, and the river Glason runneth with a large course thorough the West-part of it; not far from whose banks stands Emly or Awn, a Bishops See: thorough the midst of it glideth that goodly river shower, or Swire, which issuing out of Bladin hills, hasteth thorough the lower Ossery: of which Hen. 8. dignified the Butlers with the title of Earls, and thorough Thurles, which honoureth the same Family with the dignity of Viscounts; and so goeth into Holy-cross, termed the County of the Holy-cross of Tipp:  
Then shower goeth besides Cassile, honoured with the dignity of an Archbishop, by Eugenius, third Pope of Rome; from thence runneth the River down Shreading lands here and there, and fetcheth a round about Cahir Castle, then holding his course by Clomel, a frequented market-town, as also by Carick-mac-Griffin situate upon a rock; it then leaveth Tipperary behind it, and is instead of a bank to confine the countries of Waterford and Kilkenny.  
The Botelers or Butlers are great Families in this county, and were near of alliance unto Thomas A Becket, for whose sake Henry the second did honour and enrich them.  
For the government of which Province, that it might be kept from rebellion and seditious tumults, Queen Elizabeth out of her Princely care and wisdom, first ordained Sir Warham Sellinger or Saint Leger, a man well seen in Irish affairs, to be Lord President, with one Assistant, two Lawyers, and a Secretary.   

THe second part or Province is Leinster, which hath seven Counties, it is called by the Irish Leighnigh, by the Britain's Lein, lying all towards the Sea Eastward, a fertile, healthful, and beautiful place. The first County is Kilkenny, bounded West with Tipperary: East with the Counties of Weisford and Caterlogh: South with the County of Waterford: North with Queen's County; and Norwest with upper Ossery, a County surpassing the rest in fair buildings, strong Forts, and exceeding plentiful in all manner of provision.  
near unto Ossery there standeth a very great mountain, called Sleiew Bloemy, towering very high, out of whose womb issue these Rivers, shower, Neor and Barrow▪ running in several streams again join before they enter the Ocean, and called of old the three Sisters.  
This River Neor, commonly called Neure, runneth, as it were, thorough Kilkenny County, and when it is passed the upper Ossery, and hath watered many fortresses on both sides, it floweth besides Kilkenny, which is a rich and beautiful town, far exceeding any inland Burrough in Ireland: Parted into the English town and Irish town, the Irish town being, as it were, the Suburbs, and hath in it S. Canicks Church, where the Bishop of Ossery hath his See.  
But the English town is nothing so ancient, builded by Ranulph third Earl of Chester; walled on the westside by Robert Talbot, and fortified with a castle by the Butlers.  
Below Neore somewhat standeth a little walled town, called Thomas town, in Irish Bala mac Anda, that is, the town of Antony's son.  
Below this, the River Callan emptieth itself into Neore, on whose banks standeth the town Callan, the third incorporate town of this County, as likewise Inise Yeog which is the fourth.  
Many Families of the Butlers in this County of good account, and some other Gentry, as the Graces, Walshes, Lovels, foresters, Shortels, Blanch-feilds, or Blanch-velstors, Drilands, Come●fords, &c.  
The County of Caterlogh, called by contraction Carlogh, Eastward joineth to Kilkenny, lying almost between the Rivers Barrow and slain, fruitful and well furnished with woods; the two principal towns stand on the westbanke of Barrow: Carlogh walled and fortified with a Castle: Also Leighlin, once a Bishops See, now joined to that of Fernes▪ Both of them of good force, and Constables over them: From hence Barrow runneth thorough the Lordship of Ydron. Upon the River slain is seated Tullo, a Butler being honoured by King James with the title of Viscount Tullo.  
The Cavanaghs are a name much spread, valiant and excellent horsemen: From Carterlogh, Neore and Barrow run hand in hand some few miles, and after fall into the lap of their eldest sister the shower, who all are swallowed up presently of the devouring Ocean.  
The County of Leaz, or Queen's County, so called from Queen Mary, who first made it a County, lying above Caterlogh towards the northwest, a small County full of woods and bogs; the chief town is Mary-burgh, there was used watch and ward to defend themselves from the insolences of the Irish O Moores, against Mac Gilpatrick, the O'dempseys, who were very turbulent and seditious.  
Many Castles and Forts in this County, one at Tahmelio, another at Obowy, a third on the River Barrow, and a fourth at Norrach; little else of moment in this County.  
Amulenux is Viscount of Mary-burgh, the principal town in this County.  
King's County; called formerly Offaly, but for the honour of King Philip made a County; the chief town is Philip's town: the Dempsies, Viscount Glenmare, and Baron of Philip's town.  
Many English Families seated here, as the Warrens, herbert's, Colbeis, Moris, Leicesters. Some Families of the Irish, which suppose they have had hard measure in being dispossessed of their ancient inheritances, seek all occasion to do the English a displeasure, and will omit no opportunity to revenge: so that it ever did, and now more especially it behooveth the English to be circumspect and wary.  
The County of Kildare, lying eastward from the former Counties, a pleasant, healthful and fertile country, full of springs and pastures: the chief town an episcopal See bears the name of the County Kildare; the noble Families of the Fitz-Geralds hold the earldom, granted by Edward the second.  
This County was first inhabited by the Earl of Pembroke and his heirs, until Edward the first.  
The Geraldines continued loyal until Henry the 8. and then one of them unadvisedly rebelled, but was punished, and his confederates: howbeit Queen Mary restored blood and lands.  
The places of note above the rest is Naas a Market town, Athie placed on the River Barrow; Mainoth a Castle belonging to the Earl of Kildare, and a Market-town.  
Castle-martin, the chief seat of the Family of Fitz-Eustace, which descended from the Poers, who had the title of Viscount Baltinglas added by Henry the eighth.  
But having lost that title by attainder, the Ropers' bear the honour of Viscount Baltinglas.  
The chief Families derive from the English▪ there are the Ougans, de la Hides, Ailmers, Walshes, Boisels, Whites, Sutton's, &c. Now we have done with the midland Countries of Lymster, we go now to the seaside.  
The County of Weisford, or Wexford, being a small circuit of land, lying on the Sea side against Beneath, the mouth of the three former sister Rivers eastward, in a promontory where the shore fetcheth a compass round, is placed the County of Wexford, in Irish Reogh; here on the river Barrow there was a fair city, called Rosse, well traded and peopled, but by discord and dissension, only a great wall left as the ruins of a huge pile: but the Hervys are dignified with the title of Barons of Rosse.  
Eastward Duncannon Castle standeth over the River, and can hinder any ships from passing either to Waterford or Rosse: from thence there runs out a little neck of land, which is a help unto seamen to sail into the River; not far off standeth Tinterne upon the shore, with many windings & creeks, where once there was a famous Abbey.  
This Promontory is called Holy-head, lying over against Saint David's in Wales; at which place the English first set footing into Ireland, where there is a town by the natives called Banna, which signifies Holy.  
Along the shore eastward lie many flats, which the mariners call the grounds, and endanger their ships.  
The River slain cuts quite thorough this County, and in the mouth thereof, where it maketh a pool, there lieth Weisford the chief town; it is not of any great bigness, but yet memorable, in that being assaulted by Fitz Stephen, a valiant captain, it yielded itself unto his protection, and became a Colony of the English, so that still it useth the ancient apparel of the English, and their speech, but somewhat mingled with Irish.  
Eniscort is seated on the River slain, and Fernes is seated more inward, an Episcopal See; beyond which River dwelled the Cavenaghs, Donels, Montaghs, and O Moores, of Irish race, stirring tumultuous-spirits and amongst them the Sinottes, Roches and Peppers English.  
Viscount Mount-garretto, the Butlers are the men of note on this side slain: many more English of note, as most of the common sort English.  
The County of Divelin or Dublin, on the East lieth broad upon the Sea, on the west bounded with the County of Kildare, on the south, on two small territories of Wicklo and Arcklo, once the habitation of the O Tools and O Birns, and now termed the Glimes▪ and northwest limited with the County of Meth, and Nanny a small River.  
It is a very plentiful County both in corn and cattle, abounding also with game for pleasure; their greatest want is fuel, which is a heavy turf or English sea-coal, but in the south side a barren soil, hills and woods plenty, many hollow valleys overrun with trees, which they call Glinus, among which was the bishopric of Glandelaw, but now annexed to the Archbishop of Dublin.  
All the rest of the County is rich and plenteous, the people of a stately port and garb, in gentile neatness and carriage surpassing all the rest of Ireland; and it is divided into five several Baronies, Rath-down, Newcastle, Castle-knoc, Cowloc and Balrodry.  
This whole County is Neptune's neighbour, no part thereof being twenty miles distant from the Sea.  
To the south of Dublin Haven standeth Wicklo, a narrow Haven, over which bends a rock immured strongly with fortification in stead of a Castle, whose command none ought to have but English borne: Lord Maynard hath the title of Baron.  
Then from the top of a hill, Newcastle looketh into the Sea in the sight of the three shelves, which they call the south, middle, and north grounds, lying in length, yet shall you find between them and the shore seven or eight fathom of water.  
A little higher where the River Bray disburdens into the Sea, is seen Oldcourt, the possessions of the Walshes of Carickmain, who are a large and ancient stock.  
Next are Powers or Poerscourt, belonging formerly to a Family of that name, since the Wingfeilds have the title of Viscount Powerscourt.  
A little island Saint Bennet's, belonging to the Archbishop of Dublin, lieth in an elbow of land which the River Bray maketh.  
The creek or bay is called Dublin Haven, which is five leagues from Wexford, into which Haven the greatest River of this County poureth itself, called Liffy, whose original being but fifteen miles' distance from that place, yet through his many windings and turnings he watereth many countries.  
First south, by Saint Patrick's land, than westward, after north, watering the County of Kildare▪ at length into the east by Castle-knoc, and so by Kilmainam.  
Dublin is seated seven miles from the mouth of Liffy, it is the most famous town of all Ireland, the Irish call it Bala Cleigh, that is, the town set upon hurdles, for the first foundation thereof was laid upon hurdles, by reason of the soft unsettled ground, like as Seville in Spain is said to be built on piles, Venice on woolsack, or such like matter of foundation, it is an ancient town, yet was much rent and defaced in the Danish wars; after it became subject to Edgar, King of England, who in his Charter calls it, The most noble City of Ireland.  
Then the Norwegians got it in possession, and at last it fell to the English, who defended it against the Irish, and was planted with a Colony of Bristol men, on whom King Henry the second bestowed this City, and all the liberties and franchises which the men of Bristol have; of which City many write in praise and commendation, one thus:  
A City, in regard of the people, noble, of the site most pleasant, by reason of the Sea and River meeting together, rich and plentiful in fish, for traffic famous, for the green plains delightful and lovely, beset with woods of mastbearing-trees, encompassed about with parks of deer▪ So another:  
Develin, a maritine town, is the mother City of all Ireland, having to it an Haven passing well frequented, for traffic and enter course of Merchants matchable with our London.  
There are many keys and wharves along the River, jetting out to stop the violence of the water.  
A very strong wall of rough building stone, reacheth along by the sides of it, which openeth at six gates, from whence there run forth suburbs of great length.  
Towards the east is dams gate, and near it the King's Castle, very strong both by art and nature; and an armoury or storehouse built by Henry Lounders Archb. 1220.  
Saint Andrews Church stands in the east suburbs, not far from which is Trinity college, which Queen Elizabeth honoured with the title and privileges of an University.  
The north gate openeth at the Bridge built by King John of arch-work, and this uniteth oustmans' town to the City: for here the Easterlings, that came out of Norway, placed themselves about 1050.  
In the south quarter of the City stand two gates, Ormond's, and Newgate the common prison.  
These lead into Saint Thomas street, being large and long, where there stands a great Abbey of that name founded by Henry the second, for the expiation of the murder of Thomas A Becket, as some say.  
Into the south openeth Paul's gate, and Saint Nicholas, which maketh a way into Saint Patrick's suburbs, wherein standeth the Archbishop's Palace, called Saint Sepulchers, and a stately Church dedicated unto Saint Patrick, having an arched roof of stone, and a tall steeple.  
It maintains a Dean, a chanter, a chancellor, a Treasurer, two Archdeacons, and 22 Prebendaries; the only light and lamp (as the Parliament of that kingdom said of it) of all godly and ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland.  
There is another cathedral Church standing in the very heart of the city, called Christchurch; near the south side of which standeth the town Hall, built of square stone, and called the Tolestall, where the Sessions of the city are kept.  
The chief Officer was a Provost, but Henry the fourth gave them liberty to choose a Major, and two bailiffs, after King Edward the sixth, changed the two bailiffs into two sheriffs.  
No inconvenience save only that the ebbing and flowing of the Sea doth much choke the mouth of Liffy, that hinder great vessels from going up, and makes them to observe the high water for transporting of goods.  
Where Liffy dyeth in the Ocean, Houth standeth compassed in a manner round with the Sea: of which those nobles Saint Lawrence hold the Barony.  
Not far off is Malehide or Molachid, belonging to the Talbots.  
More within the country is Fingall, a little place, but very well husbanded, even the garner and store-house of this kingdom, so great store of corn it yieldeth every year.  
This place discovers the idleness of the other Counties, which would equally answer the industry of the labourer, if it were employed.  
Divers worshipful Families are placed here and there of English in this County, as namely the Plunkets, who are still Earl of Fingall, and Lord of Kellene, Barnwels', Russel's, Talbots, Dillons, Net●orvils, Lutterels, Burnels, Fitzwilliams, Goulding's, Ushers, Cadlyes', Finglasses, Sarfeilds, Blackneys, Crucyes, Baths, &c.   

NOw we come to the Province of Meth, because it lieth 
Part. 3.  in the middle; for strength and safety called the Chamber of Ireland: peaceable likewise in the 38. year of Henry the eight, divided into east Meth and west Meth.  
The County of east Meth is compassed with Kildare, on the south with the County of Dublin, and the Sea east; on the north with the territory of Louth, and with the County of west-Meth on the west.  
The whole is divided into eighteen Baronies, viz. Dueleke, Scrine, slain, Margallen, Navan, Kenlis, half the Barony of four near Kenlis, Killalou, Clove, Moylagh, Logherne, Oldcastle, Luyn, Moyfeuraragh, Deese, Rath-touth, and Dunboyne.  
Boyne, a fair River, springs out of the north side of the King's County, runneth thorough this country.  
In the remotest places on this side Boyne, are these memorable places, Galtrim, Killin Castle, and Dunsany: On the further side of Boyne are Trimletstown, Gormanston and slain: the Fleming Lord of it: of the next before Viscount Preston, Barnwell Baron of the other, Plunket Lord of Dunsany.  
Among these last stands a market-town, called Aboy, upon the River Boyn, which passing Glan Jores, that is, the Land of George runneth under Trim, a fine town of trade, having a Castle erected by William Pepard.  
So it flows besides Navan, the Barony of the lambert's, where the Bishop's house is, who having no cathedral Church, doth all with the assent of the clergy of Meth.  
Boyn then running higher and swifter near unto Drodagh, the moors being entitled Viscount of it, loseth himself in the Ocean.  
Many chief Families of English blood are in this county: the Brabazens being Earls of east Meth.  
The county of west Meth, so called in regard of the situation, in relation to the former, and reacheth to the River Shanon, and lieth between the King's county south, and Longford county north, to which it is not much inferior in any thing, if answerable in civility.  
Molingar is the chief town, as lying in the midst, compassed with many bogs.  
It is parted into twelve Baronies, viz. Fertulogh, Ferbile, Delvin, of which the Nugent's were Barons, and now Earls of west Meth: Fourry, as also Corkery, Moyassell, where the Tuts inhabited, Moygoisy, Rathcomire, Magirquirke, all propagated from English blood; Clonlalon, Moycassell, mere Irish bear sway. And others of more harsh and unpleasant names, yet better liked of the Irish than our English names: so that one of them said he would not learn English, lest it should make him have a wry mouth.  
Hugh Lacie subdued this county, and had it given unto him by Henry the second, who intending to build a Castle, and bowing down his head to show the carpenter how he would have a piece of timber squared, had his head cut off by the same carpenter with an axe which he held in his hand.  
The county of Longford lieth on the north side of west Meth, made a county not long since, called Anale, before inhabited most by Irish, and those potent and turbulent.  
Shannon runneth along this county on the side of it, and ariseth out of Therne hills in the county of le Trim, and flowing along makes many open pools, and after contracts himself again, and then runneth into a large broad mere called Lough Regith, but after finds his banks again, on which stands the town Athlon: from thence Shannon having passed the water-fall at Killoloe, being very large and deep, six or seven fathom water: disjoins, running with open arms to the embracement of the city Limrick; from whence speeding about sixty miles in length, making here and there an island, and where he grew shallow and passable, there formerly stood forts and bulwarks to hinder the inroad of the pilfering Irish; and at last running with open mouth beyond knoc Patrick, is devoured by the Western Ocean: two Irish Septs most powerful and eminent in this county O-Pharoll Boy, and O-Pharoll Ban; the Lord Aungiers are dignified with the title of Baron of Longford.   

Another Province is Conaght, wherein are six Counties.  
1 Twomond, or the county Clare, which the Irish call Twowoun, that is, north-Mounster, for so formerly was the name, until Sir Henry Syd●y laid it unto Connaught, shooting out with a narrow promontory into the Sea westward, and on the east and south side, enclosed with the large stream of the River Shannon, and to the west with the main, on the north barred with the county Galloway, so that there is no entering of it by land.  
The territories of Clan Richard are very fruitful and commodious both for sea and land, only vexed with bad and idle creatures, lazy inhabitants. 
O fortunati si sua norint:   
Did they but truly consider the benefit that would accrue by industry, how would they endeavour? As hath appeared by the care and pains of some English of note and esteem, as the muscegroes and Clares, who have built many forts and towns, from whom Clare the chief town takes name.  
Other places of note Kilfennerag, and Killalloe Orlaon the Bishop's seat, where there stands a Rock in the midst of the channel of Shannon, from which the water maketh a great noise in the fall thereof, and which is a great bar and hindrance, that no vessels can pass any further.  
Not far from this bank stands Bunraty, made a Market town by Henry 3. and is fortified with a Castle.  
Seven miles off appeareth Clare, the principal town, at a creek (flowing from Shannon) full of lands, the chief Families are Irish, (the English being degenerated wholly) mac Nemors, mac Mahon, O-Loughton, the O Brian's, the chief of all, and of ancient descent, and now Earls of Thomond, and who did good service against the Irish in Queen Elizabeth's time.  
The County of Galloway boundeth South on Clare, West on the Sea: North on County Maio, and East on Shannon, abounding both in corn and cattle.  
The West-shore is very craggy and rugged, with a long border of green lands; four of which called Aran, make a Barony: also Inis Ceath, where the Monastery of Colman is a devout Saint founded for Scots and English; but their continual discord made the English quite forsake it.  
More within lieth a lake called logh Corbes, spreading twenty miles in length, and three or four in breadth, being navigable, furnished with three hundred small lands full of grass and Pine-trees; but towards the Sea this lake is more straightened, and runs under galway, Irish Gallive, called so from the people Gallaeci in Spain; a chief town, and little inferior to any in Ireland, built round like a Tower, a Bishops See much frequented by Merchants, invited by a commodious haven and safe road.  
Four miles from hence stands Knoc-toe, that is, the hill of Axes; and not far off Aterith, having a large wall, but poorly inhabited: the Birminghams' are Barons of English race, but of Irish disposition.  
The better sort of Irish are O Kelleis, O Maiden, O Flairles, mac Dervis &c.,  
The country of clan Richard lieth at the entrance of this County, and is annexed to it; it took the name from Richard de Burgh, out of which stock Henry the eight made an Earl of Clan Rich, whose eldest son hath the title of Baron of Dun Kellis: In this territory is the Archbishops See of Toam, unto which many bishoprics were formerly subject, but now only three.  
The County of Maio limited on the West by the Ocean, South by Gollway, East by the County of Roscoman, and North by the county of Slige, very rich and fruitful, abounding with cattle, dear, Hawks, and honey; taking its name from a little city which had a Bishops See, but now laid to Toam (as I said) but the inhabitants are under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Killaly▪ Lord Bourgh is Viscount Maio.  
There is a remarkable lake at the West side of this called Loghmesk, full of fish, and two small lands: this County is inhabited with a valiant kind of people stout and hardy, most of which were invited by the rebels out of the Scottish lands the Hebrides to aid mac William, and mac Conell, who were defeated by Captain Bingham, Governor of Conagh.  
The County of Slego lying along the Western Sea: between it and Ulster Northward runneth the River T●obis issuing from the lake Erne, it is parted from the bordering Counties: Le Trim and Roscoman by the vast Curlew hills; and cut in twain by the River such, it is very fit and convenient for the breeding and rearing of cattle.  
Sligo is the principal place of this county, where there stands a castle, under which is the Bay of Slego, a road full of good harbours for shipping; the chief names, besides the O Conors, are O Don, O Harris, O Ghar, and mac Donagh.  
There is an honourable Family in Herefordshire, now dignified with the title of Baron Scudamore of Dromore, and Viscount of Sligo.  
The County of le Trim, formerly called Breany, which encloseth the county of Sligo on the East, and was the possessions of that ancient Family of the Rorck, until Brion O Rorck rebelled in queen Elizabeth's days, who was chased into Scotland, and sent thence into England, and there hanged, so that his lands fell unto the Crown: the Sherards' are Barons of le Trim; after it was made a county by the Lord Deputy, and called le Trim from the chief town.  
This county is full of rising hills, and very fat rank pastures; so that one saith of it (but how true I know not) that it is so full of forage, that unless cattle were kept sometimes from grazing, their fullness would endanger them: but so fruitful and fertile it is, that in a small circuit of ground, it was able at once to show one hundred and twenty thousand head of beasts; here is the See of the Bishop of Achonry, united to the See of Elphin.  
The head of the long and large river Shannon first showeth itself here.  
The Families of note, O Rorck, O Murreis, mac Lochleims, mac Glancheis, and mac Granelles, all mere Irish.  
The County of Roscoman lieth Southwest from le Trim, made a county likewise by Henry Sidney Lord Deputy, being long, but narrow, and bound with the Rivers such Eastward, and Shannon Westward, and on the North with Curlew mountains, which are high and impassible until a cut was made thorough them.  
It is a plain fertile country, much abounding with cattle, because tillage is too painful for the inhabitants.  
There are four Baronies in this county, lying under Curlew hills, by the River Shannon.  
1 That of Boyle, where mac Dermot is chief.  
2 That of Balin Tober, by the River such, where O Coner Dun, is of greatest power, and upon it joineth Elphen the Bishops See.  
Somewhat lower lieth Roscomon, the Barony of O Coner Roo; but the Dillons since have been Earls of Roscommon, in which place is seated the chief town, but now poor and mean.  
More Southward lieth Athlone, the Barony of the O Kellies, so named of the head town, which hath a castle in it, and a most beautiful bridge of hewn stone, built by queen Elizabeth, and thought it the most convenient place for the Lord Deputies to reside, the better to suppress seditions.   

The fifth part or Province is Ulster, the North part of Ireland hath ten Counties.  
THe County of Louth, in Irish Iriel or Uriel situated beyond Meth, and the River Boyn runneth out with a shore bending towards the North.  
A fruitful and pleasant soil if well employed near Boyns mouth is seated Drogheda, or in English Tredagh, a fine town well peopled and frequented, so called of the Bridge; Boyne cutting it thorough; it hath both a Market and fair granted by King Edward the second, as also a Mint once there; The moors now bear the honour of Viscount Drogheda.  
Not far off stands Mellifont Abbey, much praised by Saint Bernard, given by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Edward Moor of Kent.  
Seven miles off standeth Ardeth, an inland town, and above it Dundakle, having a commodious haven, and formerly a wall, which Edward Br●●, the King of Scots brother did burn, but after both himself and forces slain and defeated by Sir John Birmingham: the Lord Gorges are Barons of it.  
Eight miles from hence stands Carlingford, a port of good use and frequency: the Swifts are honoured with the title of Viscounts of this place, the names of note are Verdons, Tates, Clinton's, Bellewes, Donedalls, Wotton's, and some others. Sir John Birmingham, before named, was formerly Earl of Louth. But Henry the eight honoured Sir Oliver plunket with the Barony of Louth.  
The County of Cavan lying to the West of Louth, and formerly called East Brieny, the habitation of O'kelly, who have been powerful in horsemen, for the suppressing of whom, Sir Henry Sidney divided it into seven several Baronies, to hold in fee from the Crown of England; they have no towns, but dwell scattered here and there in forts and piles: they have a poor Bishop of their own, whose See is at Kilmore; yet somewhat better than those Irish Bishops who had no other rents and revenues than three milch kine; which being dry, the Parishioners did change for a new milch one: the L. Lambert or Barons of Cavan.  
The County of Fermanagh lieth to the West and north of Cavan, full of woods and many bogs, in the midst whereof is the greatest lake in Ireland, called logh Erne, reaching out forty miles, very full of inhabited Hands, some containing three hundred, others four hundred acres of land, and the banks of the lake are set all with shady woods. Such plenty of fish, Pikes, Trouts and Salmons, that the nets are broken a pieces often with the great draughts.  
At Bal Tarbet a little town, first it stretcheth six miles in length from South to North; then for the space of six miles it narroweth, in which space standeth Inis Killin a fair Castle, from which Brian mac Guir takes his Barony. Then it greatly enlargeth itself towards the Sea, as far as to Belek, near unto which is a great down-fall of water, that most renowned Salmons leap.  
Mac Guir was chief until his rebellion; many of that Family dwell on both sides: and those beyond the Lake are counted of Ulster, and they on this side of Conagh.  
The County Monaghan lieth on the West side of the former great Lake, having many hills and much wood, not having any town but Monaghan, which imparts its name to the County: which is divided into five Baronies, Iriel, Dartre, Ferey, Loughty, with the little territory Donemain. The mac Mahons, that is, the sons of Ursus, or the Bear, were powerful, but through dissension among themselves, and their rebellious practices, are rooted out: the Blanies are Barons of this place.  
The County of Armagh lieth towards the east in length, compassed with the River Neury by East, with the County of Louth by South, and with the Blackwater by North. So fruitful and fat a soil, that if any compos or dung be laid on it in scorn of it, it becomes barren.  
The first place is Fewes, a small territory belonging to Turlogh mac Henry, one of the Family of Oneal, thick set with wood, and by reason of the lakes and bogs impassible.  
Next is Orry, in want of wood, where dwelled O Hanlon, and where stands Mont Norris, built by the Lord Montjoy: and Ansley are Barons of Mont-norris; eight miles off near the River Kalin lieth Armagh, a poor town, yet an Archbishops See, and Metropolitan, the first Archbishop was Saint Malachi, much commended by Saint Bernard, yet nevermore happy than in the enjoying of that learned and right reverend Prelate Doct. Usher, now Archbishop, whose learning and piety is well known, and shows that an Archbishop and religious, though not always convertible, yet sometimes compatible. This town in the last Rebellion was ruinated by Tyrone. The chief men are mac Genis O Hanlan, and many of the Sept of O Neal, which assume unto themselves several by-names. The Blackwater Eastward runneth between this Shire and Tiroen: the Chaworths have the dignity of Viscount from this place.  
The County of Down lieth Eastward on the Irish Sea, long and broad, on the North to the Lake Eaugh, and on the South to the County of Louth, from which it is severed by the river Newry, upon which standeth a town called Bagnall, in remembrance of that noble marshal of Ireland, Sir Richard Bagnall. near which town the River Banthelesse ariseth out of the mountains of mourn, passing thorough the country of Eaugh, which pertains to mac Genis, it hath a Bishops See at Dromore; above which are the tracts of Kilwalto & Kilwarny much encumbered with woods and bogs, and lie inwardly: But by the shore the Sea doth wind in, and encroach upon the land, and makes many creeks, and the Lake spreadeth itself near Dyffrin, a valley full of woods: anciently the Mandavils, afterward the Whits, so that it makes two Bilands, Lecall Southward, and Ardes Northward. Lecall very rich and battle ground, runneth farthest into the East of any part of Ireland, and is the out-most Promontory, called S. John's Foreland: the Cromwel's are entitled Viscount Lecall. In the very straight hereof lieth Down, a very famous town, and a Bishops See, where Saint Patrick's tomb is said to be.  
By the Sea side stands Argl●s, where S. Patrick founded a Church, and Strangford formerly called Strandford, where there is a safe harbour, at which the River coin with a violent course breaketh into the Sea from an honourable Family of the Smiths in Kent have the dignity of Viscount Strangford. A●des the other Biland called Audes, lieth over against Lecall to the North, parted with a small channel out of the Lake coin, which on the West side encloseth it, as the sea doth on the East, and the Bay of Knocfergus on the North; the soil is good and fruitful, save only in the midst where it is moist and waterish plain; the shore is replenished with many small Villages; Viscount Mountgomery hath his title from Ardes. At the Bay of Knocfergus there was an ancient Monastery of the same Order and name with that near Chester, to wit, Banchor. More inward near the Lake is the Bishops See of Conereth or Coner, whose Pastor was devout, but his flock wicked, as Saint Bernard describes them. Ardes was large in the possession of the Savages, one of whom was persuaded to build a Fort for his safeguard, made answer that he would not trust to a Castle of stones, but of bones, meaning himself and men. Above Ardes to the South-west lieth Clanbay, that i●, the yellow nation, a County full of woods, reaching to Knocfergus, the farthest part of Down, inhabited by the Family of the Oneals: the Popes are Earls of Down, and Barons Bealter●erts.  
The County of Antrim lieth next in order unto Louth Northward, taking its name from a poor despicable town so called, and is seated in an outcorner of Ireland towards Scotland within three hours' sail, and is limited with Knocfergu●, Logh, Eaugh, and the river Ban: the mac Donels are Earls of Antrim. Knocfergus, in Irish Cangfergus, that is, the rock of Fergus, where a famous man of that name was drowned▪ that place is well inhabited, and more frequented than the rest of that country, by reason of a good and commodious harbour, well fortified and strong: Viscount Chichester hath his title from it. Hard by lieth the nether Clanboy possessed by the O'neal's, until their rebellion in the Queen's time: now the Hamiltons are styled Vic: Clanb●y from this or the like place: near Knocfergus there is a little Biland which runs out into the sea, is called the isle Magie, four miles in length, and one in breadth, where was a Monastery of that name, highly praised by venerable Bede. Then begins the Glins, that is, the valleys at Olderfleet, which is a bad road, and run out far into the sea: this place was formerly much annoyed with the islander Scots, under the leading of James mac Conel, Lord of Cantire in Scotland; but Shan O Neale slew him, and chased away his army. About this place, as far as the river Ban, is called the rout, the seat of the mac Guillies, a well esteemed Family. Dunluse castle, a strong one, seated on a rock that hangeth over the sea, the possessions of surly Boy, that is, Charles the Yellow, who rebelled and was so chased by captain Meriman, his son slain, his cattle taken away, of which he had a great stock of 50000 Cows. So that he made his submission, and was received into the Queen's favour, and had a fair estate given unto him again upon some articles of agreement.  
The county of Colran is beyond the Glinns westward, and lieth between the river Ban and Lough foil, and confineth South, on the county of Tir-Oen. This Ban is a passing fair river, & riseth out of the Mountains of Mourn in the county Down, carrying himself, and his name into Lough Eaugh, or Lough Sidney, a great lake; and for the space of 30 miles, name and river are both drowned in the Lake; but after at Tome Castle he resumeth it again, then by Glaucolkein, a great receptacle of robbers and rebels; carrying a proud stream, he tumbleth into the Sea: More abounding in Salmons this, than any river in Europe, it being exceeding water in which such fish much delight. The principal Family is O Cahan a subject of O Neal, who in that vain ceremony of O'neal's election, flings an old shoe over O'neal's head. It is much molested by the island Scots, being poor, so that in Summer they seek for booty here. Towards the west of this lies Derry, a waste uncivil place, but through the great care, charge and industry of the City of London, so well planted, civilised and built, that it is scarce inferior to any place of Ireland; and have rightly named it London Derry: the Ridgways being Earls thereof, as Hu●h Hare was Lord Colrane of Colrane. There is likewise a Bishop of Derry.  
The County of Tir-Oen lieth Southwest from the former country; it is upland from the sea, divided westward from Tir Conell by the river Liffer, from Antrim Eastward by Lough Eaugh, & bounded with the Blackwater, at South from the county Armagh a rough rugged uneven country 60 miles in length, and at some places 30 in breadth, severed by the Mountains called Sliew Galen into the upper Tir-Oen Northward, and the nether Southward: there is first a poor Bishops See, called Cloghar, than Dungannon the chief habitation of the Earls, also Uhlogahel, where O Neal the Tyrant of Ulstor, was usually installed with his vain ceremonies: there was a Fort at Blackwater which hath been much assaulted by the Rebels which resort thither to a refuge; but having found another passage over below that is of such use; therefore the Lord Montjoy built Sconces on both sides of that passage; and at the Lake Eaugh raised another Garrison Fort, and called it by his own name, Mountjoy. This Lake encloseth the westside of Tir-Oea, and is much supplied by the River Ban; a large lake 30 miles in length, and very plentiful in fish. And Nature hath showed her skill in bestowing variety upon the banks of it, as the shady grove●, the meadows always green, the fertile cornfields, if tilled, the bending and hanging hills; the warbling Brook gliding along it, nothing wanting for delight or profit, and by that condemns the lazy lithernesse of the inhabitants, who suffer much of it to lie waste. In the upper Tir-Oen lies Strahan, a Castle well known, as being the seat of the O'neals there are many more fortresses and towers with narrow loop-hooles, unto which are adjoined houses of turf and thetch, with hedges and ditches round about, to keep their Cows from robbers.  
The County of Donegall, or Tir-Conell, it lieth in the northwest corner of Ireland, a champion country full of Havens, bounded with the sea North and West, and parted on the East from Tir-Oen with the river Liffer; and from Conagh with the Lake Erne. Liffer at his very rising maketh a large stream, and spreadeth into a Lake, wherein is an island, in which near to a Monastery is a narrow vault made by Ulysses (as some fabulously report) when he descended to hell; the inhabitants call it Ellan a frugadory, that is, the I'll of Purgatory, and Saint Patrick's Purgatory: So in that place there is Saint Brendans Purgatory, of which much superstition is invented: this river Liffer nearer the sea, it maketh another Lake, called logh-foil, or Logh Der; and Derry, of which I spoke before, bounds on it. From this river the fitz-Williams take their Barony. Here is the fair foreland a promontory Robogh, with a small town having a B●● See. From hence Westward runs a cragged shore unto the mouth of Swilly lake; & so to the utmost promontory, which they call the ramshead, to another promontory called▪ S. Helens-head.  
More Southward on the shore is that good and commodious Haven Calebig, whence you may see the ruins of Sligah castle.  
A little lower, not far from the mouth of Logh Erne is Donegall, that is, the town of the Gallirians in Spain, the Earldoms have been to the O Donels, who held it until their rebellious hearts cast off all true obedience.  
Thus hast thou seen, courteous Reader, the limbs and parts of the Kingdom of Ireland, laid open unto thee rich and plenteous, as appears by those large revenues it hath yielded unto the English Crown, when as in King Edward the third his days some say forty thousand pounds yearly, the customhouse at this time duly paid into the Exchequer, is thirty thousand pound per annum. And great was that improvidence (if I may say it) both in civil government and Church discipline, that have suffered those firebrands of the Christian world, the Jesuits, to raise there so sudden and great flame of Rebellion, which we hope (by God's providence, working with the wisdom and prudence of this present State now assembled) to see extinct; to the utter ruin and overthrow of that bloody religion of Popery; and by this means so to root out, and disperse those unconstant and various dispositions, that all hope of aid and assistance from others, and opposition in themselves shall be quite taken away.  
And further, by this description mayest thou observe how to entertain the present proffer, made by the honourable Houses of Parliament to thy best contentment and advantage; how to get sure footing in an island so great, so near a neighbour to England, so fruitful in soil, so rich in pasture more than credible; beset with shady; pleasant, profitable woods, enriched with many minerals (if sought after) watered with so many Rivers, environed with so many commodious Havens, lying so fit and open for sailing into the most wealthy countries, so that he will seem short witted (whose wealth will bear it) that embraces not the present opportunity to enrich himself in a plantation of his posterity, in the midst of such worldly felicity.   
The end of the first part.   

The second Part treating of the natural Disposition, apparel, and diet of the Irish, and of their several Rebellions.  
THe Irish for the most part are proud & haughty, cruel and barbarous, variable and inconstant in disposition, apt and forward to Tumults, rebellious to Government, false and hollow-hearted, more ready in promise then performance, the meaner lazy, idle, and sluggish especially the wild Irish, and the English Irish much degenerated.  
Saint Bernard in the life of Malla Ehy Bishop of Coner, who reports that when he undertook his charge there, perceived that he was not come unto men but unto beasts, nowhere had he until then experience of such, in the most barbarous parts that ever he came unto: nowhere had he found for Manners so froward, for Rites so devilish, for Faith so impious, for Laws so barbarous, for Discipline so stiffnecked, & for Life so filthy. Christians they were in name, but Pagans in deed, lawful Marriages they contracted none, or such as are shameful even with children of ten years old.  
So Langfrank complains to a King of Ireland, Therdel●c●, that the Irishmen forsake and leave their Wives at their pleasure without any just cause, and marry any others, even such as be near of kin to themselves, or to the said forsaken wives: and if an other man with like wickedness hath cast off his wife, her likewise with like rashness they join withal.  
With which Rites if this Nation of the Irish had not been corrupted almost to our days, both the right of lineal succession among them had been more certain, and as well the Gentry as the vulgar had not embrued themselves so wickedly with the effusion of so much blood of their own kindred about their inheritance and legitimation, nor had they become so infamous in these respects among other foreign Nations.  
And further concerning their natures and disposition, you may take the relation from the Earl of Essex his Letter to Q▪ Elisabet gathered by his experience.  
The people in general have able bodies by nature, and have gotten by custom ready use of arms, and by their late success, boldness to fight with your Majestis forces.  
In their pride they value no man but themselves, in their affections, they love nothing but idleness and licentiousness, in their Rebellion, they have no other end but to shake off the yoke of obedience, to root out all remembrance of the English Nation in that kingdom. This is the general quarrel of the Irish, and they who do not profess it, are either so few, or so false, that there is no account to be made of them.  
The Irish Nobility and Lords of Countries do not only in their hearts affect this quarrel, and are divided from us in Religion, but have an especial grudge against the English Government, because it limiteth and tyeth them, who have and still would be supreme Lords, if not Tyrants. The Towns being inhabited by men of the same Religion and birth with the rest, are so carried away with the love of gain, and for that cause supply the Rebels with what they want: therefore they must be strictly looked unto.  
The Laws of the Irish was that of fish and birds, the great devour the less, the strong the weak, having but one freeholder in a County, and he Lord both of estate and lives of the rest.  
For their succession to inheritances, it was by the law or custom called Tanistry, mentioned by that excellent Historian Sir Walter Raleigh: which is this, that a man is preferred to a boy: the Uncle before the Nephew, and commonly the most active, not the next heir is chosen, to hinder the inroad and oppression of the next adjoining Lord, between whom there was always contention, which did so wast and consume them, or else being idle, the Land would not have sustained them.  
Concerning the apparel of the Irish it is after a slovenly manner, and the very English, there are much infected with this nasty filthiness, especially lousy beds, and foul linen, except where the chief English live, as in Dublin, Wateford, and Kinsale, which in some measure retain the English neatness; but for the mere wild Irish it may be said of them as of the Germans, that they wander slovenly and naked, and lodge in the same room with their cattle.  
Among them the better sort used to wear close breeches and stockings of the same, of red or some light colour, so straight that the unseemly parts of the body were exposed unto view.  
They used likewise a loose Coat and a three covered Mantle of coarse cloth, with a cap of Thrums.  
Their linen is coarse and slovenly, they seldom cast off a shirt until it be rotten, and are coloured with Saffron to avoid Lice which are incident to those people, and they are very nimble in taking Lice in a Sunny day, or a green bank.  
But in the more Northern parts before the strict civilising of them in King James his time, both men and women went naked in the very Winter, having only their secret parts covered with a rag and a loose Mantle cast over them.  
Thus naked they walk with their sword tied unto them with a with instead of a belt.  
And at night men and women lie in a Ring together, round about the fire, in the middle of the room with their feet towards it, folding their head and upper parts in their woollen Mantle first steeped in water to keep them warm, for they say, woollen wetted, and warmed by the heat of their bodies, doth preserve heat.  
The Church Discipline hath been formerly and now is after the same manner with that in England, by Archbishops, whereof there are four, Bishops 29, many more formerly.  
It has been anciently a great Nursery of Religion and piety: even from (if not before) Saint Patrick's time, and Saint Bridget his Disciple, who did advance Religion and Piety much in that kingdom, as also in sundry other places of Christendom.  
The Bishops were formerly consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, until the year 1142: at what time Pope Eugenius the fourth, sent Cardinal Paperio, who together with Christian Bishop of Lismore, legate of all Ireland, held a council at Mell, and with the consent of the Bishops, Abbots, Kings, and Dukes of Ireland, established four Archbishops, videlicet Armagh, Dublin, Cassile, and Toam. But the estate of the Clergy has been very mean there, so that by reason of devouring impropriations in the whole County of Connought. The Incumbents stipend is not above forty shillings, and at some places but fifteen shillings per annum, that the people must needs be better fed then taught.  
Their allowance being answerable to the Irish Bishops in former time, who had but three milch Kine allowed them, and when one was dry, the Parish did change her for another.  
Which makes the gospel to languish where it finds so poor entertainment; that the Messengers thereof through▪ want and necessity should live so mean and contemptibly: and it gives great advantage to the Priests and Jesuits both to abound and seduces who have maintenance from elsewhere.  

The right and title of the English Crown to Ireland was by Conquest, by Surrender, and Submission.  
THe Danes first invaded it with foreign forces, than the Norwegians got possession of it; but they were rooted out by the policy of that King of Meth, who had a beautiful Virgin to his daughter, with whom Turgesius was much inflamed, requiring her to satisfy his lust, to whose will the poor Prince could not assent, yet durst not deny. So that he told him he had at home a Bevy of fair Ladies▪ out of which he should choose for his pleasure. Turgesius' hearing that, wished these Damsels Cupid's wings for their more speedy arrival.  
But the other attired certain young men of courage in womens' apparel, and had them conducted into the King's Chamber, from whence all his attendance were commanded, but when he expected more kind embraces, he was suddenly slain in the place; so the Norwegians were destroyed, and the Irish enjoyed their estate until the year 1172.  
When Dermet Ma● Morck King of Lemster, having forced the wife of Ma●rice O Rork King of Meth (a light woman, and with consent) by whose husband the other was pursued so eagerly with the revenging sword; that he was driven to quite his kingdom of Lemster, and fly to England for succour to Henry the Second, who very willingly entertained this occasion; who had long sought occasion of getting Ireland.  
Yet not willing to entertain it at the first in person (being not a matter of that consequence for himself to undertake)  
He gave Dermot licence to draw-what power of volunteers he could into that action.  
Who applied himself to Wales, where he found a valiant Gentleman of Norman Race, one Robert Fitz Stephen, who willingly undertook the service with some volunteers whose happy and good success, caused Richard Earl of Pembroke, called strongbow, being the principal man invited by Dermot, and that with the promise of his daughter and kingdom in marriage, the Earl himself with two hundred men at arms, and a thousand other soldiers who arrived in the Bay of Waterford 1171, and presently marched towards the town of Waterford and took it by force the next day, to the exceeding terror of that Nation.  
Dermot then accomplishes the match, giving the Earl his daughter Eva; with which Ring of marriage he affianced that Island unto this kingdom: for he went on with such resolutions, that he in little space subdued much of Ireland.  
Which news being carried unto Henry the Second, he made haste over thither, that he might have the glory of the Conquest, and seemed to be displeased with the Earl for his forwardness, and his rigorous using of that people, recalling all from thence, under pain of confiscation of their goods in England; but the King seemed somewhat appeased before his going over, which was 1172, at which time landing at Waterford, he imprisoned Robert Fitz Stephen, as having gone over without his leave, but not long after released him, but took Weiford and other Territories from him.  
Thus did he receive the homage of divers Irish petty Kings, willing to obtain them by gentle means.  
And keeping his Christmas there in great state, and settling the Government of the Church, he is unexpectedly called into England, leaving Hugh Lacie at Dublin.  
Who in ensuing time rebelled, and were brought under by King John, who was the first that planted English Laws and Officers in Ireland, and both annexed that kingdom and fastened Wales to the Crown of England: and was the first who enlarged the royal style with Lord of Ireland.  
In the year 1339, there was a general war between the English and Irish, wherein many of the Irish perished, after which time matters were quiet until the eighteenth year of Richard the Second, being 1400.  
Who went over then with a great Army, but having accepted of the rebel's submission he returned into England: during whose time and till the civil wars in England all matters were settled and composed without any charge or assistance out of this kingdom.  
But in the time of the wars between York and Lancaster, wherein many Noble Families were quite extinguished in England, many English came out of Ireland either to take part of possession of some inheritances, which fell unto them by the death of their friends.  
So they have but small regard of what they leave behind in Ireland. The mere Irish rushed on the forsaken lands, so that growing rich and proud they began to kick against authority; willing to cast off the English yoke, and the English Pale had its limits sometime more and sometimes less, according as they were able to maintain.  
But when those civil discords were blown over, and all things became calm by the good success of Henry the Seventh, and leisure afforded to look towards Ireland, which then harboured a rebel against him, one Perkin Warbeck who connterfeited himself Richard the Third, but was suppressed by the sending over of 1000 men.  
Again, Henry the eighth sent over 500 soldiers to suppress the Geraldines of English Race.  
Afterward, all peaceable, until Queen Elizabeth's time, when they saw themselves out of hope to plant Popish Superstition in any of her Dominions.  
Then Religion (never until that age) became the cloak for Rebellion, and the Roman Locusts, the incendiaries of Christendom, to maintain the Pope's usurped authority, breathed everywhere fire and sword, and worse against her sacred person and Dominions. And taking advantage of the blind zeal of the ignorant Irish unto Popery: working on their variable condition. Boulstering up their hopes and hearts with that old saying, 
He that will England win, must at Ireland first begin.  By which means they raised two dangerous Rebellions in that Country.  
By the Earl of Desmond one 1578, the other of Tyrone, about 1590., plotting and intending, although it broke not out till afterward.  
This Gerald Earl of Desmond of English Race, whose progenitors had done good service against the Irish, and borderers of Wales, in the behalf of the English King, had the earldom of Kildare given them, and Earls of Desmond, by Edward the Third.  
But in Henry the Eighth's days, one of them being Lord Deputy, and questioned for his ill government, on which occasion Thomas Fitz Gerald his son took arms, but was soon suppressed himself, and five of his Uncles being taken and executed.  
Queen Mary restored the Family to honour and estate.  
But after Gerald Earl of Desmond, 1578, rebelled against Queen Elizabeth unto whose aid came certain bands of Italians and Spaniards, sent by Pope Gregory the twelfth, and Philip King of Spain, who landed at Swir●ic, and built a Fort called Del o'er, wherein they were besieged by Arthur Grey Lord Deputy of Ireland, soon taken and put to the sword: And the Earl of Desmond flying into the Woods, being betrayed by his own followers, and his head cut off. So this fire soon vanished into smoke, and the earldom by Parliament annexed to the crown, and made a County: with Sheriffs appointed yearly to be chosen by the Lord Deputy.  
Upon the Attainder of this Earl and his Confederates, much land fell unto the Crown, viz. 574628 acres English measure, whereof great part was restored to the offenders, the rest divided into Signories, was granted by Letters Patents unto certain Knights and Esquires English, who were called Undertakers.  
In Kerry and Desmond, by Patent to Knights 30560 Acres with yearly rents 524 pounds, six shillings and eight peace sterling.  
In Limrick by Patent to Knights and Esquites, and to their heirs were granted 96165 Acres, with rents nine hundred thirty three pounds, four shillings half penny sterling.  
In Cork, by Patent to Knights and Esquires, and to their heirs were granted 88037 Acres, with Rents, five hundred and twelve pounds, seven shillings and six peace half p●ny sterling.  
In Waterford and Tipperary 22910 Acres, with Rents three hundred and three pounds, three pence sterling.  
But these Undertakers having got so large a proportion of Lands, and so little care to plant them with English Colonies; and build and fortify them with Castles as by Patent they were tied, but for private ends without any regard to the public good or her majesty's bounty sold them either to Papists or to Irish ill affected unto the English, which was a great prejudice to the State of that Kingdom, and the seeds of the ensuing Rebellion raised by Tyrone.   

Concerning which I will briefly show unto the Reader such collections as I have gathered from divers Authors.  
COncerning the name and title of O Neale; it is in so much esteem, that even those honourable titles of Earls, Marquesses, Dukes and Princes are despised in regard of that: and in such reverent regard among the Irish, that it is thought he deserves the greatest curse in the world to fall upon him that shall dare to lay violent hands upon him: nor have any loyal subjects a more dreadful awe to violate the person of their sacred Prince, than these people have to touch their great O Neale.  
So that two thousand pound being offered by Proclamation to any that should betray him in his vast camp, prevailed nothing at all, although he were proclaimed traitor, and held guilty of that crime by Act of Parliament to take that name upon him.  
near T●llogh Oge, there was a stone chair placed in the open field, wherein he sat down that was created; then we whose office it was, took an old shoe and cast it over his head, proclaiming him O Neale.  
Henry O Neale and C●nm●re matching into the Family of the Earls of Kildare, by this their good fortune grew so insolent and proud, that by their cruel tyranny they grew intolerable.  
C●n Batto, because lame, succeeded his father in the dignity of O Neale, and cursed his posterity if any of them should learn English, sow corn, or build houses to entertain the English.  
This man's greatness grew in suspicion with Henry the eighth, having been a party in the former Rebellion of the Earl of Kildare: which he perceiving went into England, renounced the title of O Neale, and surrendered his Lands unto the King.  
Which not long after was regranted unto him by Henry the eighth to hold in fee, together with the title of the Earl of Tyrone to him, and to Matthew his reputed son, and to the heirs of their bodies lawfully begotten.  
At which time also Matthew was created Baron of Dungannon: This Matthew till he was fifteen years of age, was reputed the son of a blacksmith of Dundalke, whose Wife Con had formerly kept; and she at her death gave him unto the said Con, as being his son which he did accept, and appointed him to be Lord of Dungannon, but he was murdered in his father's life time by shan't, that is, John O Neale the lawful heir of Con, but Matthew the base son left Brian who was murdered by O Donell at the instance of Shan.  
And Hugh and Cormack▪ who by the means and help of the English were preserved, yet both proved Rebels, Shan being barbarous and bloody, did ●ave and rage in a cruel manner over the Lords and people of Ulster.  
Began to dispute that his father had no power to surrender to Henry the Eighth, being but a termer: that Matthe● was base borne, that himself was O Neale, and had sovereign power and authority over the Lords of Ulster.  
Who taking arms overthrow O Really, and took Callogh O donnel, Lord of Tir Conell, cast him and his children into prison, took his wife from him, and bore himself as absolute King of Ulster.  
But he was soon quelled by the forces of the Earl of Sussex, the than Lord Deputy: and by persuasion of the Earl of Kildare, went into England, and made great submission to Queen Elizabeth, and promising allegiance, was received courteously.  
And so returning conformed himself awhile in civil manner, and did some good service against the Scots, killed their Leader, and drove them out of Ulster; howbeit he suddenly fell to his old bias, and played the Tyrant over the Lords of Ulster; who craved aid of the Lord Deputy to suppress him; but he grew the more outrageous, and with fire and sword drove Mac Guir, Lord of Fermanagh, out of his Country: set fire on the Metropolitan Church of Armagh, and laid siege to Dundalke, but had the repulse by the Garrison and assistance of the Major.  
But Sir Henry Sidney Lord Deputy, taking the field with some forces: sent Edw. Raldalph a brave soldier to the North side of Ireland, where at Derry at Coghfoyle in a pitchfield (though he lost his life) yet gave the rebel such an overthrow, that he was never able to appear any more abroad; so that he was minded to have submitted with a halter about his neck to the Deputy, but by the persuasion of his Secretary he tried, the friendship of the Scots, who received him kindly, but not long after slew him.  
So that presently after Shan by a Parliament at Dublin, was attainted of high Treason; and all that he had fell to the Queen. Then Turlogh, Linnogh, took the title off O Neal, for fear of the children of Shan, and Matthew the bastard, but being aged was quiet, and lived peaceably.  
Now Hugh son of the base son Matthew lived sometime in Ireland, but much in the Court of England, commonly called Baron of Dungannon, who had served with a troop of horse under the Queen against the Lord of Desmond, and behaved himself so valiantly, that he had given him a yearly pension off a hundred marks.  
He was a man of mean stature, but of a strange body, able to endure labours, watching, hunger and cold, being industrious and active, valiant, affable, and apt to manage great affairs, and of a hgh dissembling, subtle, and profound wit.  
He put up a Petition to the Parliament in Ireland, that he might enjoy the inheritance of his Grandfather Con, and his father, granted to be Earls of Tirone, which by the help of Sir John Perrot, Lord Deputy, was procured of the Queen.  
And so he handled the matter (as well knowing the humour of the Court of England) that through the Queen's mediation he got Turlogh, Linnogh, to surrender his government upon some conditions.  
After whose death he usurped the title of O Neale, which was capital, yet coloured it over with a pretence, that it was only to hinder others.  
In the year 1588., when that great Armado of Spain was scattered by the English, and many of the ships cast away on the Irish coast: it is thought that this Hugh lodging and entertaining many of them, was by them seduced and persuaded to Rebellion.  
And going into England, he was there detained prisoner, for that he came without the licence of the Lord deputy, Sir William Fitz Williams: but on submission, and certain Articles proposed to him by the Lords, and he willingly accepting promising to confirm them before the Lord Deputy in Ireland.  
In the year 1590., it happened that Con the son of Shan O Neale, accused Hugh of treasonable practices before the Lords in England.  
All which Hugh vehemently denied; but after getting his accuser in his power, he hanged him.  
In August, the same year Hugh Earl of Tyrone, (for so hereafter we must call him, did promise under his hand before the Lord Deputy: and counsel of Ireland to perform those Articles agreed upon in England, but used many excuses to put off the execution of them.  
And about this time Hugh Ror Mac Mahone was put to death by the Lord Deputy Williams very unjustly (as some say) to the great scandal of the Lord Deputy; and it caused great complaints and outcries among the Irish, who presently preferred their grievances against that Deputy▪ and he driven to answer them.  
And upon this fact the government of the English in the North became odious, and they did strive what they could to shake it oft, by expelling the Sheriffs from among them, fearing the like usage as M●c Mahone. And 1593., Mao Guir chief of Fermanagh stood upon his guard, accusing the Deputy of injustice in the business off Mahone, and set upon Captain Willis, and drove him and his guard being sheriff into a Church, and would have put them all to the sword, had not Tyrone, interceded for them.  
Whereupon the Deputy got into his hands Eniskillen Mac Guirs castle, and proclaimed him a traitor▪ and likewise gave out some hard speeches concerning Tyrone, which did much exasperate him, and caused him to combine with the Lords of the North, to defend their Honours, Laws, and Liberties: and used two notable plots to assist him towards this Rebellion.  
1 To make his men skilful, he proffered to serve the Queen with 500 men of his own.  
And for that end procured expert Captains to exercise them; and so often changing these his men, got most of his followers to be able soldiers.  
Secondly, he pretended to build a fair house at Dungannon, and so got much lead to make Battlements, which after he cast into bullets.  
In the mean time Sir Henry Bagnal marshal of Ireland, whose Sister Tyrone had married, did prefer many Articles against him, unto which he answered so cunningly, saying, that the marshal did it out of spleen of purpose to detain his sister's portion, and seemingly quitted himself; but afterward he grew jealous of his own safety.  
At this time Gauranus a Priest whom the Pope had made Primate of all Ireland, seduced certain Irish Lords, among which Mac Guir was chief, and was overthrown by Sir Richard Bingham, and the Priest slain: in which service Tyrone was against Mac Guir with the Queen's forces▪ but secretly prepared for his Rebellion.  
Then the sons of Shan O Neale, were prisoners in Dublin Castle, which had they been kept, had been a bridle in Tyrones' mouth; but by connivance of Sir William Fitz Williams the Deputy, were suffered to escape, and so Tyrone got them into his custody, nor would he release them although thereunto required.  
But covering his Rebellion, with seeming fears of his conceived enemies, made daily complaints of the marshal's envy; and what wrong he had done him.  
In the year 1594, the Rebellion burst out; Sir William Russel came in the place of Fitz Williams, at which time Ulster men openly distressed her majesty's forces; and Tyrone was supposed to countenance them.  
Yet he appeared in person at Dublin, before the new Lord Deputy, desiring her majesty's favour, out of which he had fall'n, rather by the calumny of them, than any cause of his own.  
But the marshal charged him with great matters, ready to prove them; so that the Deputy thought fit to stay him, but the council of Ireland were of the contrary opinion, so he was let go, but the Queen was much displeased for it, and sharply reproved the Deputy, but he laid the fault on the council of Ireland.  
And presently took the field with his Army to relieve Eniskillen in Ferminaght, and in the Winter following, there was little done because there was some Treaties of peace, but the Rebels grew so peremptory in their demands, that it was not liked by the Lords in England.  
And therefore sent over two thousand old soldiers that had served in Britain, and a thousand more taken up in England, which news Tyrone hearing, and that the Castle of Balishannan, and relic, were to be planted with English garrisons. Drew his forces together, and took the Fort of Blackwater, razed it: and broke down the bridge there, and now the Northern Rebels appear, but Tyrone showed a seeming desire of pardon.  
This Lord Deputy fearing this storm might fall upon him, desired the Counsel of England to send him an assistant of some experienced soldiers; which he meant should be under his command; but the Lords mistaking his meaning, sent over Sir John Norris, a great Commander and well experienced, that would scarce give way to any; who was styled Lord general, and to command in chief, in the absence of the Lord Deputy.  
But the emulation that grew between these two hindered the business; yet both of them went into the field, with the Army towards Armagh.  
Tyrone makes suit again by Letters for pardon, but being intercepted, came not unto the Deputies hands, until he had proclaimed him traitor.  
But upon Tyrones' instance, Commissioners were appointed by the Queen to treat with the Rebels.  
At which time Tyrone complained of the marshal of many injuries.  
And his demands were, that he might have his wife's portion of the marshal, and the free exercise of his Religion, and many other.  
But when Articles were propounded on the Queen's part, they set so light of them, and made such scorn, that the Conference broke off: though the Queen for sparing of blood, had resolved to give them any reasonable Conditions.  
This parley ended, the Lord Deputy, and the Lord general coming to Armagh, did so much terrify the Rebels that Tyrone left the Fort of Blackwater, burned the Town of Dungannon, and pulled down his house there, and betook himself to the Woods.  
Sept. the third, Hugh Earl of Tyrone, Hugh O Donel; Brian O Rourk, Hugh Mack Guir, Brian Mac Mahone, Sir Arthur O Neale, Cormac Mach Baron Tyrones' brother, Con O Neale Tyrones' base son, Henry Oge O Neale, Turlogh Mac Henry O Neale, Brian Art Mac Bryan, and one Francis Mountford were (though absent) indicted, and condemned of high Treason.  
Now the Lemster Rebels being revolted grew strong, and foraged even to the gates of Dublin, to the County of Wexford.  
This Winter passed without any matter of moment, because indeed, general Norris not yet acquainted with Tyrones' subtleties, seemed to hearken to peace, thereby to reclaim him by fair means.  
In the year 1596, the Queen granted another Commission for the Treaty of Peace, and offered very largely, and at Dundalke Tyrone upon his knees made an humble submission to the Queen before these Commissioners, and made many requests, promising reformation, and many circumstances and Ceremonies then passed. But these inconveniences followed, these delays being no better than delusions, that the Ulster Rebels had rest this Summer, and O Neale in the midst of this Negotiation, required aid from Spain.  
Sir Richard Bingham a valiant wise man, on some complaint of the Irish, was sent for over into England, and Sir Coniers Clifford sent in his place: but afterwards Sir Richard was again employed in great command in that service.  
Again, an other Treaty of Peace with Tyrone, who laid the cause of his disloyalty, on the wrongs that were offered him; and so with many dissembling words, oaths, and protestations, making answer to some questions concerning Spain, he departed.  
This Lord Deputy being recalled into England, and the Lord Bourgh or Borough was sent over in his place, with absolute authority: so that Sir John Norris was much disheartened thereby: and was thought of purpose for that end sent over by the Earl of Essex, whom general Norris had dipleased by undertaking an action with less force than the said Earl required.  
At this Dep▪ arriving general Norris was commanded to his charge, which was Lord President of Munster, and not to stir thence without leave, which thing did presently break his heart, so that he died there in the arms of his brother Sir Thomas Norris.  
Now Tyrone submitted or swelled as he saw occasion.  
So that the Lord Deputy perceiving it presently, made his way towards Tyrone, thinking it best to strike at the head; who encountered the Irish in a narrow path, and made them give way: he took the Fort at Blackwater, and left soldiers in it, which being not long, after assailed by the Rebels, was again relieved by the Lord Deputy, who immediately fell sick, as he was passing to Tyrones' house at Dungannon; and not long after departed this world, to the great joy of the Rebels, who found his severity disadvantageous to them.  
Then Sir Thomas Norris, Lord President of Munster, under the great seal of England, was made Lord Justice of Ireland, who repaired to Dublin; but being very ill through the great grief he conceived for the loss of his brother in a month's space, he made suit to be released.  
So that Adam Loftus Lord chancellor, the Lord Archbishop of Ireland, and Robert Gardiner chief Justice of Ireland, by Patent from England, were made Lord Justices for the civil Government.  
And the Earl of Ormond, was made Lord lieutenant and chief general of all martial affairs.  
Tyrone again sues for pardon, and proffers submission, saying, that it was offered injuries that compelled him thus to revolt: So there was another meeting appointed at Dundalke Decemb. 22. where on his knees he showed great sorrow; and made humble submission, desiring a cessation from arms eight weeks, now this submission being sent into England, the Lord lieutenant received authority from the Queen to make a final conclusion; so that another meeting was appointed, March 15 at Dundalke; where many articles were propounded to the Rebels, which they slightly regarded; but for better deliberation, Tyrone desired the tenth of April, for another meeting.  
But Tyrone with pretences did frustrate all these parleys, and though he had his general pardon granted, yet continued he in his disloyal courses; so that on the former Indictment 1595, he is after outlawed in 1600  
But he being prepared and his men expert, by training and often skirmishing, whereas at the first two or three of them were employed in the discharge of a Musket, he left off to dissemble and submitted no more, but gives encouragement, and that with good success unto his Confederates.  
First, he sends aid to the Lemster Rebels to annoy the English, and assaulted the Fort of Blackwater; as being a hindrance in his passing too and fro.  
But captain Williams valiantly defended it with great loss to Tyrone, who went and lay further off, but this captain and his Company continued their defence bravely until August, though much pinched with want of victuals: when Sir Henry Bagnal marshal of Ireland with foot and horse of the English endeavoured to relieve it, and passing along the narrow passages through the thick Woods beyond Armagh.  
Where the rebel with all his force assailed him, and bearing a deadly hatred and malice against the marshal, against whom he bent his whole strength, and commanded his soldiers so to do, that he had the fortune to kill him; yet like a valiant Gentleman he sold his life at a dear rate, to many of the Rebels. But his fall caused our men's hearts to fail; whereupon the rebel had the greatest advantage against the English: the like never happening again, called The Defeat at Blackwater. wherein we lost thirteen valiant Captains, and fifteen hundred old soldiers: whereupon likewise the surrender of the Fort ensued.  
It was thought this misfortune to happen from an oversight of the marshal, who made the Van of the army too suddenly to retreat; and too sudden faces about, puts fear in the rear; and makes them suppose it may be a running away.  
For as Sir Walter Raleigh, in his fifth book & first part of the History of the World, that as well in the Wars of these later ages as in former times it hath been found ever extreme dangerous to make a Retreat in the head of an enemy's army: as he renders the reason, but I cannot digress any further.  
This overthrow much increased the insolency of the Rebels, the rebels having gotten courage and arms thereby, and Tyrone termed the Deliverer of his country, and the author of their liberty.  
All Ulster in Rebellion, Connagh revolted, and the Rebels in Lemster a continual terror and vexation to the English.  
And now Tyrone sent forces into Munster, where after the departure of Sir John Norris, most of the County revolted, and now broke out like Lightning, making havoc, and destroying in a barbarous manner. And for the better countenancing of the matter, a new pretended Earl of Desmond is set up, on condition to be vassal to O Neale.  
At this time a supply came out of England, of a thousand and fifty old soldiers from out the Low countries, and nine hundred and fifty joined to them of new, raised in England, sent under the command of Sir Samuel Bagnal Colonel, and nine other Captains to strengthen the Queen's forces i●Lemster, and a hundred under Colonel Bagnals command.  
In the midst of these broils, the impudent rebel is no● ashamed to entreat for pardon, and sue for peace.  
Although, as appeared in his Letters sent to the King of Spain, he magnified his victories, and vowed perseverance: but his conditions were insolent and so not regarded.  
And now the wound is grown so great, and the case so desperate that it admits of no cure, but by the hand of a valiant expert soldier.  
And none found like Robert Earl of Essex, whom favour with the Queen, and fortune of war had made popular.  
And his own active inclination, and the policy of his powerful enemies in Court, wrought it for his undertaking; and by his absence they plotted his ensuing overthrow.  
But before his going two Regiments of old soldiers out of the Low Countries were sent into Ireland, and dispersed at his coming through the whole army, for the exercise of the rest.  

1050 Foot.  
The first Regiment Sir Charles Percy colonel.  
Richard Morison lieutenant Colonel, and five other Captains.   

950 Foot.  
The second Regiment, Sir Henry Bockwra, colonel.  
Captain John Chamberlain lieutenant colonel, and four other Captains.   
This Earls Commission was large, without limitation almost even the power of a Prince, and an army as great as he desired, the like unto which in all points Ireland never saw.  

The establishment was sealed by the Qu. March 24, 1598. It contained the pay of the chief officers of the Army.  The Lord lieutenant general, per diem, 10 l.   The lieutenant of the Army, per diem, 3   The general of the Horse 2   The Judge marshal 1   The Auditor general 0 13▪ s.  The controuler general of the victuals 0 10  The lieutenant of the Ordnance 0 10  The Surveigher 0 6 8 d. Two Clerks of Munition, each 0 5  Four Corporals of the Field 0 6 8 d. One Commissary of Victuals 0 8  And three others each 0 6  The carriage Master 0 6  And twenty Colonels each  10  Sum. total. per annum, 13127 l. 16 s. 8 d.  

More it contained, the pay of thirteen hundred horse divided into twenty six Bands  A Captain at per diem, 0 4 s.  A lieutenant 0 2 6 d. A Cornet 0 2  And fifty horsemen, each at 0 1 3 d. Sum. total. per annum, 31408. l. 5 s.   

It contained furrher sixteen hundred foot, distributed into a hundred and sixty Companies, each Band having  A Captain at per diem, 0 4 s.  A lieutenant 0 2  An ensign 0 1 s. 6 d. Two Sergeants, a Drum, and a Surgeon each at per diem  1 s.  And 94 soldiers and six dead pays allowed to the Captain, each at per diem   8d. Sum. total. 228246l. 13s. 4d.  
It further contained an extraordinary supply of six thousand pounds per annum, to be allowed by concordation, for Spies, Guides, Messengers, Barks hiring, keeping of Prisoners, Buildings, Reparations, and like charges.  
The total of the establishment per annum, amounts to two hundred seventy seven thousand, seven hundred eighty two pounds.  
Besides, her Majesty was at great charge not contained in the establishment: as first for Officers general.  

The Lord lieutenant for his ordinary entertainment yearly, 1300l.  
His lordship's troop of horse yearly 1513l. 2s. 2d.  
His Lordships fifty footmen, as being allowed him for his followers, 608l. 6s. 8d.  
The Treasurer at wars per annum, 638l. 15s.  
The marshal of the army per annum, 104l. 18s. 9d.  
The Mr. of the Ordnance for himself per an. 450l. 3. s. 4d.  
For Clerks, Gunners, and Ministers for the Ordnance, per annum, 459l. 5s. 10d.  
The Muster Master general per annum, 209l. 17s. 6d.   

Secondly, for chief Officers newly erected.  
The governor of Loghfoyle, per annum, 365l.  
The governor of Cariofergus, 182l. 10.  
The governor of Dundalke, 182l. 10.  
The Commander of the forces at Rathdrum and Wickelow, 182l. 18s.  
The Commander of the Forces in Ophaly, 182l. 10.  
The Commander of the Forces at Cavan, 182l. 10.  
Sum. total. 6590l. 19s. 7. d.   
Most of these Officers last named, besides this last allowance, have either a horse or foot company in the Army, or both:  
Thirdly, a further charge the Queen was at for Officers in the four Courts, and certain Patentees.  

In the Exchequer, the Earl of Ormond, Lord Treasurer of Ireland, for his fee per annum, 40l.  
The Treasurour at Wars, 66l. 13s. 4d.  
The chief Baron, 71l. 10.  
And in augmentation to him, 88l. 17s. 9d.  
The chancellor, 14l.  
The second Baron, 34l.  
The Auditor general, 200l.  
The Surveigher general, 80l.  
The Remembrancer, 40l.  
The sergeant at Law, 17l. 6s. 8d.  
The attorney general, 149l. 6. s. 8d.  
The solicitor, 149l. 6s. 8d.  
The escheator, 8l. 13s. 4d.  
The second Remembrancer, 10l. 10.  
The chief engrosser, 14l.  
The second engrosser, 9l. 6s. 8d.  
The second Chamberlain, 13l. 6s. 8d.  
The clerk of the first-fruits, 10l.  
The Keeper of the Records, 13l. 6s. 8d.  
The Usher of the Court, 3l. 6s. 8d.  
The Clerk of the Common Pleas, 3l. 6s. 8d.  
The Transcriptor, 2l. 13s. 4d.  
The Deputy auditor, 11l.  
The vice treasurours' Deputy, 11l.  
The Somonitor, 5l. 6s. 8d.  
The marshal of the Court, 5l. 6s. 8d.  
A Messenger, 1l. 4s. 5d.  
Two Pursuivants each for 18l. 5s.   

In the Kings Bench.  
The chief Justice, 400l.  
The second Justice, 133l. 6s. 8d.  
The Clerk of the Crown, 10l.   

In the Chancery.  
The Lord chancellor per annum, 415l. 6s. 8d.  
The Master of the Rolls, 50ls.  
And in augmentation to him per an. 88l. 17s. 9d.  
Two Ministers each, 27l. 13s. 4d.  
The Clerk of the Crown, 6l. 13s. 4d.  
And in augmentation, 26l. 13s. 4d.  
The Clerk of the Hamper, 14l.  
Divers Officers in the Star-chamber, 56l. 13s. 4d.  
Several Ministers of the Ordnance holding by Patents, 135l. 13s. 5d.  
The Constable of Dublin Castle, and others belonging to him, 335l. 13s. 4d.   

To Officers of State.  
The Secretary per annum, 106l. 13s. 4d.  
The Clerk of the counsel, 62l. 13s. 4d.  
The Surveigher of the victuals, 143l. 6s. 8d.  
The King at Arms, 35l. 6s. 8d.  
The sergeant at Arms, 18l. 2s. 6d.  
The Pursuivant at Arms, 13l. 6s. 8d.  
The Irish Interpreter, 27l. 7s. 6d.   
Officers about the custom.  

For creation money to Noblemen.  
The Earl of Ormond, 30l.  
The Earl of Kildare, 20ls.  
The Earl of Clanrichard, 40l.  
The Earl of Thomound, 20ls.  
The Baron of Cacher, 15l.  
Divers Annates and Procurations, 299l. 19s. 3d.  
For Parchment, Ink, & bags in several Courts, 282l. 10. 8d.  
For other payments by Warrant, 226l. 2s. 4d.   

In the County of Wexford.  
The Justice of the Liberties, per annum, 20ls.  
The seneschal, 25l.  
The Receiver, 20ls.  
The marshal, 2l.  
The total of these is, 3461l. 13s. 9d.   

In the Province of Lemster.  
The lieutenant of the Queen's County, 121l. 13s. 4d.  
The Provost marshal of the army, 77l. 11s. 3d.  
The Provost marshal of Lemster, 102l. 13s. 1d.   

Officers in Munster.  
The Lord President, 138l. 6s. 8d.  
For his diet and the Counsels allowed at his Table, 520l.  
The Retinue of 20 foot, and 30 horse per annum, 803l.  
The chief Justice, 100l.  
The second Justice, 66l. 13s. 4d.  
The Queen's attorney, 13l. 6s. 8d.  
The Clerk of the counsel, 20ls.  
The Clerk of the Crown, 20ls.  
The sergeant at Arms, 20ls.  
The Provost Martial, 255l. 16s.  
Sum. tot. 1951l. 16s. 8d.   

For Officers in Connagh.  
The chief Commissioner per annum, 100l.  
His Diet with the Counsels at his Table, 882l. 10.  
An allowance to himself, 40l.  
The Justice, 100l.  
The Queen's attorney, 20ls.  
The clerk of the crown, 20ls.  
The clerk of the counsel, 20ls.  
The sergeant at arms, 20ls.  
The Provost Martial, 264l. 12s. 6. d.  
The increase of pay to the present Commissioners, 282. l. 10.  
Sum. total. 949l. 12s. 6d.  
Certain Bands of Irish kern 1579l. 8s. 9d.  
For Warders in several Provinces, 3577l. 2d.  
For Commissaries of Musters, 577l. 18s. 4d.  
For Pensioners of all sorts, 3249l. 9 d.  
Lastly, alms men, 88l. 19 s. 4. d.  
The total of the abovenamed charge not contained in the establishment, 21328l. 8s. 7d.  
To which add the establishment, 277782l. 15s.  
The total of the yearly charge was 299111l. 3s. 7d.  
To which if you add the great charge of all Forts, of Munitions, with the like extraordinary expenses, and consider that the 1300 horse, and the 1600 foot by new supplies were to be made up 20000   
What a mass of expense is here in one year, able to drain this kingdom, seeing nothing comes from Ireland but complaints.  
It will require the wisdom and providence of those that undertake it, and the patience of the people that bear it.  
All this in a readiness, the Earl of Essex departs from London in March 1●99, in the beginning of the year, not providently foreseeing what a step he then made to his ruin.  
The Nobility and gallant Gentry accompanied him on his way.  
And the Earl of Kildare made such haste in an ill vessel, that himself and many a brave man with him were all drowned in the passage.  
The Earl being arrived in Ireland, took the place of government, and laboured to acquaint himself with the estate of that kingdom, what parts were quiet, what in rebellion,  
Who had certain intelligence, that the Rebels in the County of Dublin were in number of the chief Families, 48 foot, 20 horse.  
In Kildare 220 foot, three horse.  
In the County of Carlogh, being wholly wasted, only six or seven Castles held for the Queen.  
In the County of Wexford, all wasted but the Castles held for the queen, and some English Families, but all the rest in rebellion.  
In these two Counties 750 foot, 50 horse.  
In the County of Leaz, most of the chief in rebellion, 570 foot, 30 horse. Only a few Castles held for the queen.  
In the County of Ophaly, some Castles held for the queen, others by the Rebels, 468 foot, 12 horse.  
In the County of Kilkenny, many great Families of the Irish, the Butlers in Rebellion, 130 foot, 20 horse.  
The Rebels held the Castle of Bellirage and Colekill. The rest the Earl of Ormond held for the Queen.  
In the County of Meth, the son and heir of Sir William Nugent in rebellion, and the Rebels of Ulster had much wasted the heart of the Pale.  
In the County of West Meth, lying most waste, and possessed by the Rebels, 140 foot, twenty horse.  
Besides, Captain Tirril a bold man of English Race, who had of Ulster men and other Rebels 200 foot.  
In the County of Lowth, all wasted by the Rebels, only an English, Irish Baron, the towns and Castles stood for the Queen.  
In the County of Langford, 120 foot.  
The whole in this Province of Lemster, and Meth joined with it: 3048 foot, 182 horse.   

In the Province of Ulster.  
Consisting most of Irish, except somewhat which the Scots, held, were all forced to give way to Tyrone.  
Dundalke the Frontier town between the Pale and Ulster, and Knocfergus a Frontier town towards Scotland, were kept by the English, and some few other Castles, all the rest possessed by the Rebels.  
In the upper and lower Clandebays the Rebels, 160 foot, 70 horse.  
The Duffery had 20 foot.  
Two more Rebels had 100 foot, 20 horse.  
The Captain of Kilwarben had 60 foot, 10 horse.  
Mac, 60 foot, 10 horse.  
Beyond the Min Water, 40 foot.  
Sir Francis Mac Surlebay, 400 foot, 100 horse.  
The Island of Magie, belonging to the Earl of Essex was wasted.  
Mac Guir in Fermannagh had 600 foot, 100 horse.  
Other Rebels thereabout had 500 foot, ●●0 horse.  
The O Reylies' in the Brenny or County of Cavan had 800 foot, 100 horse.  
O Cane in his country, 500 foot, 2●0 horse.  
Seven other chief Rebels had, 1180 foot, 281 horse. Tyrone the Arch traitor, Tyrone his country, 700. foot, 200 horse.  
And divers other Rebels with him: So the whole forces of the Rebels in Ulster, 1702 horse, 7220 foot.  
In the County of Tipperary, the Baron of Caher, a Butler with his Brother and followers, 30 foot, 12 horse.  
And divers other great Families had in several companies, some not having above three or four horse, 1660 F. 79 Horse.  
In the County of Cork, James fitz Thomas, the new created Earl of Desmond, 250 foot, 30 horse.  
And divers other Families, 820 foot, 8 horse.  
In the County of Luirick, Fisz Lacie with others had, 300 foot, 15 horse.  
In the County of Kerry, the Lord Fitz-Morice and others, 500 foot, 30 horse.  
In the County of Desmond, Osuillinan bear, and others had, 500 foot, 6 horse.  
In the County of Waterford, 200 foot, 10 horse.  
The whole number of the Rebels in Munster, 5030 foot, 242 Horse.  
The Rebels of Connagh were, 3070 foot, 220 horse.  
In all the four Provinces, Meth being reckoned for a County in Lemster, the strength of the Rebels were, 18246 foot, 2346 horse.  
Concerning which in April, the Earl of Essex sent intelligence into England by a Letter.  
And in a second Letter of the resolutions of Tyrone; first, that he intended to hearten his Confederates, and then to make head in Ulster with his own forces, and O Donnel in Connagh, that the Rebels had taken oath at a public cross to be constant, and none ●ought pardon but in such insolent manner, that it was rather a contempt.  
That the very subjects grew cold in the service, that although on private revenge they could appear with an 100 Horse, and 300▪ Foot, yet now pleaded their inability to aid the Queen with six of each; the Earl gathered some English forces together, and against his own advice in England, and the Q. command (deceived by some false counsel) he set not on the head, but on a few weak Rebels in Munster, a matter of no consequence, being beaten as they were.  
June 15. the Lord lieutenant received Letters from a Captain out of the North of Ulster, that Tyrone had received ammunition out of Spain, but no treasure (as was reported) that he did solicit the Redshanks into his pay, and had provision of arms, and other assistance daily from the Scots.  
And also advised the Earl of their strength, and of their intention to protract the war, and weary the English; in prevention whereof he wished his Lordship to procure four thousand Redshanks which in their Boats might break in upon Tyrone, which thing the Lord Bourgh had formerly undertaken to procure, but was prevented by death.  
Iu. 25. the Lord lieutenant wrote unto the Queen of the state and condition of the Rebels, showing the cause of their rebellion, with the means to reduce and keep them in subjection, and that as well by Sea as Land provision must be made to reduce them: and afterward gives such direction to her majesty, as was followed in the ensuing war, though himself had not the good hap to put it in practice.  
And in the conclusion bewails his own misfortune, that his enemies (whom he names) had gotten so near her majesty's elbow.  
In the end of July his Lordship brought back his forces into Lemster, himself going to Dublin, having done little, but admitted some few to protection, which afterward revolted again.  
In his absence 600. soldiers which were left in the Glinne had been beaten by the Irish, for which his Lordship used great severity in punishing of them, putting to death the tenth common soldier, calling the captains to a Court Martial, caused an Irish lieutenant to be shot for parlying with the Rebels.  
By this time the Qu. advertised his Lordship of his error in not setting on the chief rebel Tyrone, but he excused himself, and laid the fault on the counsel of Ireland, and that his intention now was that way beat, but yet that first he must suppress some near Dublin: which being done, he took a view of his Army, and found it so much impaired, that he sent to England for supply of 1000 new men to enable him presently to undertake the Ulster journey. And now resolved to march north-west, he willed Sir Conyers Clifford governor of Connagh, to compel Tyrone to give resistance at Belike, while himself set on him on the other side.  
So that Sir Con. Clifford with one Troop of horse, and 1400. foot came to the Curlew mountains, where he left his carriages under the guard of his Horse, until he had tried the passage forward,  
Who was presently assaulted by the Rebels, taking the advantage of the woods, bogs, and a stony Causey, and although the English stoutly received the charge, yet they being weary with a long march, and their powder failing them which they had about them, they began to faint & so to fly; so that many were slain in the place, and many hurt, besides two worthy Commanders, Sir Con. Clifford, Alexand. Ratcliff, killed: And had not Sir John Jepson valiantly succoured them with his Horse, most of the rest had perished: this happened by a great oversight (as was thought.)  
By this time the 1000 men out of England were arrived in Ireland, yet his Lordship wrote over that he could do little this year, but only go to the borders of Ulster, whether going in September, Tyrone showed himself two days together on several hills some distance off, whence he sent to desire a parley with his Lordship.  
Who rejected that offer, & also sent him word, that on the morrow he should find him armed in the head of his Army.  
The next day after a light skirmish, one of Tyrones' horsemen cried that Tyrone would not fight, but would speak with the Lord lieutenant apart from the Army unarmed.  
The next day also he was told, that Tyrone desired the Qu. mercy, and would fain speak with his Lordship at the ford Balla. El●nch, near the chief town of the County of Louth.  
Where they two only met, and Tyrone saluted his Lordship very courtly, many speeches passing between them.  
Whether (as being left not far off) his Lordship called six or seven of his chief Commanders, and Tyrone as many of his friends: and there was a Conference about a Treaty of peace, and a truce made from six weeks to six weeks, until May, with proviso that on 14. days warning given on either side, it should be lawful to resume arms again.  
Now, the Queen having received his lordship's Letters what he had done, which was nothing with such an Army in so long space.  
She wrote him a tart Letter, much blaming his proceedings, and questioning his discretion.  
Which did so gall and wring his Lordship, that presently he left Adam Loftus, the Archbishop of Dublin, and Sir George Carew Treasurer of the wars to govern Ireland, so went into England.  
And unexpected presented himself before the Qu. in her privy Chamber, but had not that welcome that he expected, and after a few words was commanded to his Chamber, and afterwards to the Lord keeper's house in the nature of a Prisoner.  
And now a list of the Commanders, and whole Army is taken and set down both horse and foot, how disposed of throughout the whole kingdom, and were 14422. Foot 1231. horse.  
The truce continuing the helm was easily held by those hands in which it was put, but Dec. 6. Tyrone began to practice acts of hostility upon that he had given (as he said) 14. days' warning, and because the Earl of Essex was imprisoned in England, on whom he did rely for safety, and would not now trust the counsel of Ireland, that had so often deceived him before, this intelligence posted into England, that the Rebels were ready to assail the Pale.  
And a false rumour raised by Essex enemies, that England would suddenly be in a combustion, which was no little prejudice to the said Earl.  
The Queen hearing this and more, that the Rebels daily increased, and the English Irish discontented that the government was wholly out of their hands, by sending English Deputies over.  
That Tyrone grew proud, bearing trust on the King of Spain, who had sent him somewhat, but promised more; and the Pope not wanting in his fatherly cate towards him, sent him a crown of phoenix feathers, in imitation no doubt of Vrban the third, who sent King John Lord of Ireland a crown of peacock's feathers.  
Upon this Sir Charles Blunt, Lord Montjoy, is thought fit to be sent, and was thought on by the Qu. before Essex came over, who was forward to take the charge upon him, and so turned the Queen's intentions▪  
This Lord was a tall comely man, wise, valiant, and learned, close in his counsels, resolute in his determinations.  
His courses were much contrary to other Deputies, and so effected what they could not do.  
1. He led our men warily on any service, not willing to dishearten our men, or encourage the enemy; and himself ever at hand, either to hearten or help, he ventured his own person often, although it be a great question in Military discipline, whether it be wisdom or no.  
2. His planting of Garrison in the Rebels countries compassing Tyrone on every side, so that they could not easily assist on the other.  
Other Deputies made two or three journeys in the year, and that with the whole Army; which was discovered by the Rebels, that they fled into the woods and bogs, nor could the Army abide the field long for want of victuals, being so many at one place; where as the Lord Montjoy planting good Garrisons in many places, taking the field with 1000▪ foot, and 200. horse only, was able openly to affront Tyrone, seeing he was compelled to leave many of his forces behind to guard his country from those Garrisons, which else would have foraged his country.  
Thus he did not only in Summer as others had done, but in Winter also, himself being five or six days in a week, on horseback, which course did so vex the Rebels, who were driven to lie in the woods without shelter for themselves or cows, which allowing them not milk, they wanted present provision, nor could they save their corn for the future.  
4. Again, he had a special care to cut the passages open and plain, that our forces might the more secure meet together.  
5. Further, he was not easy to grant Pardons and Protections, but to such who had drawn blood on their fellows, and so lost the hope of reconciliation to the Rebels, and forbade all parlyes with them.  
But as the Rebels were many at the Earl of Essex coming, so now much more increased. In the County of Dublin increased one hundred.  
And in many other countries, besides five Castles lately taken by the Irish.  
In the Province of Lemster increased 1280. Rebels. In the Province of Connagh increased 300. Rebels, besides the doubt of Tibot ne long.  
Who had one hundred Irish men in the Queen's pay.  
So that now the enemy strongest, the English weakest, and many other disasters made the business very difficult.  
In this case the Lord Montjoy undertook the business about Ian. 1599  
A little before whose coming Tyrone marcheth out of the North in a vaunting manner unto Munster, to encourage and countenance the Rebels, but under a religious pretence to visit a piece of the cross at a Monastery in Tipperary County, and so accompanied with the Lemster rebels went on his devotion.  
Now the army of English reduced to 12000. foot, & 1200. horse, for whose payment order is given to the Treasurer and chamberlain of the Exchequer of England, to pay the Treasurer of the wars of Ireland, after the rate of the former establishment, and other extraordinaries.  
So there was signed an establishment by the Queen, Ian. 1. 1599 for the pay of Commanders, and soldiers.  
And the Lord Deputy hasting away for Ireland, Ian. 10. 1599 in his way wrote back to master Secretary, that he might have more Forces in regard the Rebels were so strong.  
A second establishment signed by the Lords, 11. Feb. 1599 wherein every Officers and soldiers pay, and other charges, the whole yearly charge 14055 pounds, 4 shillings 8 pence, far short of that allowance which the Earl of Essex had.  
February 26. the Lord Deputy landed in Ireland, when Sir George Carew was made Lord President of Munster, Tyrone did not expect such a sudden arrival, so that he was still in West Munster, where he might be surprised as the Earl of Ormond thought, if things happened well.  
And that he could not thence escape without engaging himself, if the passages were watched.  
So that daily news came that Tyrone now, or never was to be ruinated: and how many Lords and others of the Irish which were for the Queen had laid wait for him, and would stop his passage back, but all this vanished into Irish ostentation of service, which seldom use to take effect, and many times are not truly intended as this business did show.  
And that his Lordship should not expect any help from divers of the nobility, and Gentry of the Pale, they preferred a Petition to him, that they were not able by reason of the spoils the soldiers had made upon them, but a mere excuse (as Essex showed before.)  
Then his Lordship wrote to Secretary Cecil, to excuse himself, for not reducing the 14000 which he found in the Army unto 12000, and the cause thereof as he had done before.  
And upon that receives an answer from the Queen, that she doth accept of his reasons for the present, but would have him effect it by degrees.  
And not to entertain many Irish Commanders, who are of small fidelity, and being employed to use them far from their own country, and useth some other advertisements; and so concludeth.  
And now for all the great hopes Tyrone escaped into the North, passing over the Enny in great haste, and marcheth 27 miles in one day: more than he had gone in five before, so that he could not be over-taken.  
And at his being there, he sent out a Mandate, by which he summoned the Subjects of Munster to appear before him in this form.  
O Neal commendeth himself unto you Moris Fitz Thomas, O Neal requesteth you in God's name, to take part with him, and fight for your conscience, and right, and in so doing O Neale, will spend his life to see you righted in all your affairs, and will help you, And if you come not to O Neale between this and 12 of the clock tomorrow, and take his part, O Neale is not beholding to you, and will do to the uttermost of his power to overthrow you, if you come not to him by Saturday noon at the furthest from Knoc Dumain, in Calrye the fourth of Feb. 1599  
O Neale requesteth you to come and speak with him, and doth give you his word, that you shall receive no harm, neither in coming or going from him, whether you be friend or not, and bring with you to O Neale Gerald Fitz Gerald; subscribed O Neale.  
March the 7, the Lord Deputy had intelligence, that Tyrone was come to his house at Dungannon, and that the Earl of Clanrichard had sworn, that when his son came out off England, in May, he would enter into action (for so they call Rebellion: and that the Plantation at Logh foil, was endeavoured to be hindered by the rebel.  
The 20 of March, the Secretary informed his Lordship of the relaxation of the Earl of Essex; who sued earnestly in his behalf to the Secretary, even so far as to make his excuse for the matter in Ireland.  
The Lord Deputy makes a List of his army, about the beginning of the year 1600, and casts up the allowances.  
General Officers for the army as in the former establishment.  
Colonels 12 apiece per diem, 10 s.  
Twenty six troops of horse, in some more, in some less at several rates of pay in number, 1200.  
In Loghfoyle Garrison 4000 foot.  
In Carickfergus Garrison, 700 foot.  
In the Province of Connagh, 1400 foot.  
In the Province of Munster, 2950 foot.  
In the Province of Lemster, 4500 foot.  
Totall of Foot, 1400.  
Likewise a List which the Deputy drew out of the Companies formerly mentioned; which lay in Lemster, Newry, and Carbugford, for to prosecute Tyrone in his Country, horse 325, foot 3200.  
Out of these taken to guard places and passages while the Army did return, foot 810, horse 20.  
Besides deduct the six dead pays allowed to each Company of foot, which is 288, and four out of fifty horse, which is 26, and other deductions of sick and unsufficient men for service.  
There remains for his army in field, 2102 foot, horse 279 which is but a small handful for so great a service.  
Divers others there were which had pay; as his lordship's chief Chaplain five l. a week, and ten other Preachers at forty shillings a week, his Doctor of physic five pound a week.  
In April it was consulted about entertaining of 2000 Scots, and that each man should have a Cow for a months pay or six pence, per diem.  
Which business was to be furthered by the Queen's Agent in Scotland, but it came to nothing being disliked in England.  
Now the Deputy resolved to pursue the Rebels in many places at once, both by the North Garrisons, and the rest of the Army.  
April the third, the Lord Deputy sent Master Secretary notice of the falseheartedness of those that seemed most sure, and that the Irish Commanders were dangerous to keep, yet knew not how to remove them without certain loss of them.  
And how he intended to send a thousand old soldiers out of Dublin, to Loghfoyle, and others to lie in Garrison at Balishannan, both places of great consequence, and proved very advantageous to the English afterwards.  
And informed likewise that Tyrone by his so sudden and hasty flight out of Munster, had much disheartened many of his Confederates, so that daily the heads of some Rebels or others were brought unto the Deputy.  
And the Rebels of Lemster made suit to be received to mercy: only the Towns where the Rebels had to do were very insolent.  
And Tyrone, by the arrival of two ships, (wherein were many Priests) did encourage his friends. Lastly, the Deputy complained to the Secretary, that all places were bestowed in England, so that he could gratify no deserving man.  
Further he sent word that he doubted of the Earl of Ormond's constancy to the Queen's cause: and showed his reasonsa name greatly followed in that country.  
In that Province of Munster, the Rebels were very strong, by reason Tyrone had been there, and by the aid of Mac Carty more.  
There happened an ill chance about the time that Sir George Carew went to his charge of Munster, whereof he was President.  
Who coming to Kilkenney in his way from Dublin, with the Earl of Thomond in his company, and a hundred horse to attend him; where the Earl of Ormond, told them that he was to parley with some Rebels of those parts, whereof Ow●y M●c Rory was chief, and requested them to accompany him.  
To which they consented and rode eight miles to the place of meeting, with some twenty horse of the Earl of Ormond's, and a few followers refusing the guard of the Lord precedents 100 horse, and the Earl of Ormond, left his two hundred foot two miles short, and with his other company met with Owny, who came out of the Woods, leaving five hundred men well appointed not far off; came up to him with some pikes, but after an hour spent, and nothing agreed on, the Lord President wished the Earl of Ormond to return, but he said he would first speak with the Jesuit Archer; and did much revile him, calling him traitor.  
In the mean time the rebel's foot had encompassed, the Earl and his company, and presently took the Earl of Ormond prisoner; and Mac Rory laid hands on the Lord President: but the Earl of Thomound rushed on him with his horse, and they both hardly escaped, the Earl of Thom. being hurt in the thigh.  
The Countess of Ormond having one only daughter, was much perplexed and distressed, but the Lord Deputy sent her a Guard for her House.  
There were several conceits upon his surprisal, some supposing it was not against his own will, but howsoever the Lord Deputy thought it a matter of no great consequence.  
The Fort of Phillipstown in Ophaly was to be victualled, and the Rebels gave cut that they would hinder it.  
And through the emulation of a great Commander that had another preferred before him, and strengthened by the Court faction in England.  
It might have miscarried, for the said Commander chose out some weak companies for this service to be led by the other; but the Deputy being advertised thereof, proffered them to him that had made the choice of them, but he refused to go with them.  
And Sir Oliver Lambert with 14 companies did with much valour and courage effect the business, though strongly opposed.  
May the fifth, the Lord Deputy makes toward Tyrone in the North: who had intelligence that he was lodged in the strong fortress of Coughlurkin where the Rebels had fortified three miles in length. His Lordship drew towards Armagh with 1500 hundred foot and two hundred horse, and sent Captain Edward Blany with five hundred foot, and fifty horse to make good the passage through the Moyry for the Earl of Southampton, and Sir Oliver Lambert, who were to come that way to the Army: and coming to the Faghard, not far from Dundalke, whether he went to the Earl, and told him of the convoy, assuring him that the Lord Deputy would meet him by two of the clock in the afternoon; hereupon the Earl having with him besides the convoy, two foot companies, and fifty horse of Gentlemen Volunteers: and so marched back to the dangerous passage of the Moyry; where the Rebels taking advantage of the Woods and Bogs, assailed our men, lying lurking on both sides, our men being to pass over a Ford.  
But by this time the Lord Deputy himself was come near the place, who sent two Regiments, who beat back the Rebels; who left a few to skirmish with those two Regiments, and the rest fell back into the Wood, and issued out upon the rear, brought up by the Earl of Southampton, with great fury both with horse and foot: But Sir Henry Foliot made very good stand, and Sir Oliver Lambert taking his colours in his own hand, with some thirty of the Earl of Southamptons' best men, hastened towards the assailants to second the Earl, who behaved himself with great courage, and made the Rebels give ground.  
Tyrone was seen not far off with great forces, yet fell not on, so that they marched to the Camp: little hurt being done to the English, but much to the Rebels.  
May the 26, the Deputy had Letters from the Lords in England, and it was only to answer the demands of some Irish Lords upon submission.  
June the 19, the Lord Deputy sent to Master Secretary how that certain aid was come from Spain to the Rebels; and makes a request for a fleet to lie on the Coast of Ireland, and some small Barks to hinder the Scots from relieving the Irish, Now Sir Samuel Bagnal drew out of the Newry into Monaghan, where he took some booty, and slew six Commanders, and many of the Rebels men with little damage to himself.  
Many Rebels of Lemster now seek for mercy, but are not admitted, except some service done for the Queen against their companions.  
Two chief Rebels offer to submit, but neither could be received without the others head.  
His Lordship now out of England required to do some thing against the Lemster rebels; in his way thither, took two hundred cows, seven hundred Garrais, and five hundred sheep, burning and wasting the corn all the way, as he went to a most dangerous passage, where Sir Oliver Lambert was appointed to meet him, both being constrained to fight all the way with the rebels until they met, having done much harm unto the rebels.  
May the seventeenth, they both marched towards a fortress, where the Rebels had stored much provision of all sorts, at whose entry there was a Foard compassed with Bogs, over which our horses passed quietly: but his Lordding in the head of the foot was assailed with fury.  
The traitor Terrill having appointed a hundred shot to ply the Deputies person, and given them marks to know him.  
But the English defeated and slew 35 rebels, among which was Owmy Mac Rory, a vile rebel, who before had taken the Earl of Ormond prisoner, a bloody bold young man; by whose death that party never was able to appear in field.  
And now the captain, and by their example the soldiers cut down the corn with their swords, that the rebels were driven to want for the future.  
His Lordship returned one day with the foot alone, and sent about the Horse, and yet the rebels which lay there about durst not fight with him.  
Eight heads of chief rebels were brought unto his Lordship that night, and one arch-rebel alive, who was presently hanged.  
Sir Oliver Lambert foraging abroad, took a thousand cows, five hundred Garrais, and a multitude of sheep and killed twenty rebels; and much spoil daily was done then by the English.  
At his lordship's going out of Leaz, some were received protection.  
At this time his Lordship had letters of approbation from her Majesty, with a promise of supply both of horse and foot, and with advice to make the company less, thereby to gratify more Gentlemen with places of command.  
August the twentieth, his Lordship returned to Dublin▪ where he heard of the complaints that were made against him by those of the Pale to the Lords in England.  
In answer whereunto he writes to Master Secretary, only desiring his good will in candid interpretation of his actions  
September the fourteenth, his Lordship takes his journey towards the North, and encampeth three miles beyond Dundalke, and lay there until the eighth of October, it being most tempestuous foul weather, his lordship's Tent having been often blown over.  
Tyrone, in the mean time, before his Lordship came, had possessed the Newry, a strong fortress as any the Rebels had, but his Lordship was resolved to cut his way through them if they made resistance.  
Many skirmishes fell out well on our part, and in small time he came to Armagh, where not far off his Lordship built a Fort in a very convenient place; having a River by it all environed with Bogs, & a hill like a Promontory which his Lordship called Mount Norris.  
So he sent some companies of ours to fetch corn and timber over the Bogs, where Tyrone met with them; and skirmishing with them was put to the worst, and next day Neale O Quin, was taken prisoner, Tyrones' great Favourite.  
And the rebels intending to hinder the building of the Fort were soundly beaten, and that finished and left in it four hundred men under Captain Blany.  
His Lordship returning by Carlingford found the passage very difficult for his horse, that they were sent a little about; and now they had certain intelligence that Tyrone was come down unto a place, by which we were to pass.  
Which was a very great Wood at the foot of a Mountain, reaching so near the Sea, that it had no more space, than that six or seven might walk abreast, with some less, and at full Sea none in some places.  
His Lordship disposing his forces for the fight, sending out a forlorn hope to march afore, and a forlorn rear.  
The enemy sought to make good a small piece of ground like a semicircle, where the Sea made a Diameter, and a thick Wood the Circumference; and at the corner next to our Army, there ran a River out off the Wood at the side of which they made strong trenches, and at the further corner a Barricado which reached far into the wood, and down to the Sea.  
The enemy appeared horse and foot on this plain, but at our men's going over the River, their horse drew into the Woods, and their foot into the Trenches, whence they poured out volleys of shot.  
But the stout courage of the English was such that in little space they beat them out of their Trenches and from their works, and made them retire into the woods, but sallied out again upon our rear; to their further loss.  
And in all this not much hurt to us, only two Gentlemen of quality killed; not twenty lost, about sixty hurt, of the enemy eighty killed, and the loss was (as we had intelligence two hundred.  
Our marshal and sergeant Major were always ready to assist the weak, and bring succour to the distressed, and the Army went on cheerfully.  
And by this Tyrones' reputation got a crack.  
His Lordship returned to Dundalke, and from thence to Dublin, with his followers and volunteers, having disposed the horse and foot into Garrisons, Forts▪ and Provinces under their Commanders.  
The horse were 1198. The foot 14150.  
About November his Lordship sends into England, in the behalf of two chief Rebels submitted Conner Roe M●● Guire and his son, both which had done good service in the last North journey: and had taken Tyrones' brother's eldest son, a youngman of the greatest hope in the North, and though three thousand l. were offered for his ransom, yet they brought him to the Lord Deputy. There were certain rebels near Dublin, in the Glinne which in his lordship's absence had done much spoil, so that his intent was to chastise them, but seeming and showing to go another way, that they should not suspect him, on Christmas day early in the morning, and after a tedious march he arrived at the chief rebels house, so suddenly that he took his wife and eldest son, and made him fly stark naked into the Woods, while his Lordship kept a good Christmas, in his house till the twentieth of January, his soldiers wasting and spoiling the Country, in the mean time. And leaving Garrisons in some places, he passed into Trim in Eastmeth, and so to Danoar, in Westmeth a strong Castle, having visited many chief Gentlemen in the way.  
February the two and twentieth, his Lordship had letters out of England, in which he heard that the Earl of Essex was in the tower for treason; which news wrought much alteration in the Deputy; now he begins to insinuate and comply with Secretary Cecil.  
And Essex irreparably fell, more perchance by the sharpness of his enemy's wit, then by the burden of his own crime.  
Howsoever the Deputy being privy to so much as he was, he said he would not put his neck under the Queen's attorneys tongue; and resolved with himself that had he been sent for into England, not to have undergone the hazard of a trial: but his lordship's former service, and future employment blew over this storm without any shatter falling on him.  
But with countenance and good success he goeth forward, and with courage to set on Tyrrils Island very strong, standing in the midst of a Bog, in the midst of a Plain near an Abbey, where his Lordship proclaimed Tirrils head at two thousand Crowns, and so assailed the Island. But the next day, the four and twentieth of February, so much snow fell that nothing could be done, and in the night the Rebels stole away quitting the Island, and left some store of corn, and a few cattle, so his Lordship passed beyond the Island into a Plain, destroying the corn and burning the houses as he went into Meth, and then to Trim, and so marched into the Ferney, from whence to Ardes, so seven miles to Mellifont, then to Drogedagh two miles, where he stayed until the tenth of April, and then went to Dublin, in all which passage nothing of moment was done, but visiting some chief Subjects, and striking terror to the Rebels.  
About this time his Lordship had order for the proclaiming of a base coin, and cry down the currant.  
To hinder the Rebels traffic, as was pretended, but it proved the undoing of the poor soldier, each shilling having but two pence halfpenny silver in it: so that commodities were raised to an excessive rate; and the exchange which was formerly provided for their help, was grown difficult, or altogether put down.  
At Drogedah, his Lordship altered the list of the foot, but not the horse: and disposed them into Garrisons.  
Her majesty's charge in the year 1600 to 1601, by establishment, and orders for increase was 276914l. 9s. 4d.  
Out of which by his lordship's providence was saved, 15262l. 6s. 5d.  
Also by Checks imposed on the Army 1729l.  
So the charges that year, besides munition and other extraordinaries 234622.  
Certain businesses that happened in Munster, that year, under the command of the Lord President, Sir George Carew.  
In general some submitted, and some revolted.  
His Lordship coming to Dungarun, had notice that Florence Mac Ca●●ie: though he had received favours from the State, was entered into action (for so they call Rebellion) and raised in Carby and Desmond, of the provincials and Bonnaghs (for so are hired soldiers called) two thousand foot, never assailed the English until they came between Kinsale and Cork, where they set on Captain flower sergeant Major of Munster, who had 1200 foot, and 100 horse; who did valiantly resist and beat back the Rebels, though he had two horse killed under him; yet were 100 of the Rebels slain, upon which Florence Mac Carty submits, and yielded his son for pledge.  
Now plots are laid for the killing of the titular Earl of Desmond, by one Dermod Oconner, who had married the Daughter of the old Earl of Desmond, and had the leading of 14000 Bonnaghs, who after surprised him by a trick, and presently sent his wife to the Lord President for the money promised in reward, and wished him to come to Kilm●…h, and there he would bring him, but the Rebels in the way rescued him, and set him free again.  
May the twentieth, his Lordship took the field, and marched towards Li●●eck, and from place to place prosecuted the rebels so close that many submitted and others fled out of the Country: and the titular Earl of Desmond by Sir Charles Wil●●●, was quite driven out of the country, in whose passage Sir George Thornton sent out the Garrison, and killed 120 of the Rebels, and got 320 Garrans laden with baggage, fifteen Pikes and pieces, 40 horse; but lost sixteen horse of his own in the fight, the titular Earl was quite broken and stole back into Munster, and lived as a Wood Kerne, with three or four in his company, and once again being like to be surprised, he ran away in such haste, that he left his shoes behind him.  
The Lord Deputy wasted and gathered in all the corn, so that the year following the Rebels were pinched, and in Munster all subdued or submitted, so that 400 of that Province received their pardons under the great Seal.  
And all being quiet, he did question the Corporate Towns that were so ready to assist the Rebels, as being aiders and abetters of the rebellion for their own private gain.  
And so he sent 1000 of the Munster List to the Lord Deputy to be disposed at his pleasure.  
The Lord Deputy and the counsel wrote into England from Tredagh, where he had lain from March, 21, until April the sixteenth following, to signify that many chief rebels had submitted.  
Chief of the Ferny and of the Fewes, and the chief likewise of the Bienny.  
And further solicited for supplies of money, victuals and munition, to be sent some to Dublin, but most to Galloway, for the forces to plant Ballishannon.  
An establishment signed by the Queen, March 31, 1601, which was according to the former, the charge 255773l. besides the charge of munition, of levying horse and foot, for reinforcing the Army, with many like charges.  
About April divers Rebels in the North submit, and discover many secrets to our captain concerning the Spanish Invasion this year.  
Oghy Ohanlon submitted at Tredagh, and subscribed to divers Articles.  
The Garrison at Liffer did spoil the rebels, and took 300 Cows.  
The Lord Deputy kept Saint George's Feast at Dublin, April the twentieth, inviting many of the submitted Rebels, where he carried himself with such wisdom and gravity; that they did both admire him and fear him.  
In May, Munster Rebels had their pardons granted them upon the intercession of the Lord President.  
A list out of five English Shires, and Irish Submitties, 207 horse, 374 Archers, as likewise arising out of the Irish Lords and their captain's horse 128, Kerne 361.  
And now preparation is made for the Summer service, whence to take forces for the field.!  
To be drawn out of Munster to Connagh, a thousand foot, fifty horse.  
And in Connagh already 1150 foot, horse 74.  
Thus to be disposed in Connagh, at Galloway, and Athlone; 350 foot.  
At the Abbey of Boyle in Connagh, under the command of the Earl of Clanrichard, a thousand foot, 62 horse.  
To leave in Lemster side of the Shannon, at the Annaly, to further the plantation of Balishannan, eight hundred foot, horse twelve.  
These all lying to infest the Rebels, or to hinder their joining together, or to hinder Northern forces from coming into Lemster.  
And to hinder Tyrones' gathering in the corn.  
May the two and twentieth, his Lordship parts from Dublin, and wrote into England for six thousand soldiers ready, if so be any foreign aid should come, and to have a Magazine at Limrick, many pardoned in the County of Cork.  
And about the eight of June, his Lordship came near the Pace of Moyry, where he purposed to build a Fort to secure that Pace.  
Now again, he solicits his former demands by Letters into England.  
And so he marched by Dundalke to Lecagh, coming suddenly on them he took much booty, and many submitted to his Lordship in this passage, from thence he went to Mount Norris, and so he intended to plant a Garrison at Armagh, and so forth he went to Blackwater, to see that way to that Fort, where the marshal Bagnal had his defeat.  
The four and twentieth, he marched two miles short of the Newry, with a thousand two hundred and fifty foot, and an hundred and fifty horse.  
The nine and twentieth day, his Lordship had notice that Sir Henry Davers had done much damage to Brisan mac Art, in killing his men, and taking his cattle.  
Many received Pardons and were accepted of, because that certain news came, that the Spanish forces which lay at Lisbon, were to come for Ireland.  
So his Lordship disposed of the Companies into Garrisons and Forts near the enemy's country, and went with his followers to Dundalke, having with him only three companies of foot, and a troop of horse; but going towards the North, he gathered some forces out of the Garrisons, so he went to a Hill near Blackwater on the Southside, making a stand where Tyrone and his horse and foot showed themselves in a meadow beyond the River with Trumpets, and Drums, and Colours which they used not to do before, but now only in a bravado.  
Making some shot at us, which being at too fat distance fell short without doing, any hurt, but we having a Rabenet and a Falcon planted on a little Hill, made some shot at the Rebels which made them seulke into the Woods like puppets.  
So that his Lordship sent 300 foot to a Hill close by the waterside; and at the evening came and encamped upon it, whence he saw Tyrone draw some horse over the water to our side; but Sir William G●d●lphin went with a troop of horse to meet him, but he presently retired back.  
So we placing the two small pieces, charging them with Musket shot, drove the Rebels out of the Trenches, which they had made beyond the River, so that the 300 men passed over the River and possessed them, and an adjoining old Fort, with a plain, not altogether Musket shot from the Wood, where the rebel was fled, and his Lordship seeing the Trenches did admire that they would take so much pains to make that which they had so little care to keep, so his Lordship went to view a Place in Tyrones' Wood, who stood looking on us; who only made a few shot at our men in their retreat.  
So the sixteenth his Lordship passing over the Blackwater, with a Regiment of Irish, marched to a place at the left hand of our camp, at the entrance of a great Wood, where our men made a stand in a fair green meadow, having our camp not far behind them, and the Wood at each side and before them; in which great multitudes of the Rebels were assembled; so that there happened a great and large skirmish; with various accidents; sometimes they; sometimes we giving ground; for the Lord Deputy drew our forces out of the camp, as he saw the Rebels increase.  
Doctor Latwar his lordship's chaplain, not content to see this in the camp, went into the meadow to our Colours, and was shot so that he died the next day.  
Not one more slain of the English only a captain's leg broken, but 26 of the Irish on our side, and 72 hurt, such as were kept in pay only, that they should not side with the rebel.  
Among the Rebels Tyrones' Secretary, and above two hundred kerns were killed, which did much abate their courage, and animate our men.  
His Lordship wrote into England, complaining of the scarcity of the victuals, and that which was, being salt fish, which as he said was most unfit for marching, was not good nor wholesome.  
His Lordship rising from about Blackwater, made another Proclamation for Tyrones' head at 1000. and 2000l. to bring him alive.  
So he marched too and fro spoiling and cutting down all the Corn thereabouts, and burning houses in the woods near where the Rebels lay, but would not fight.  
So he returned to the Blackwater, and with some choice foot and horse went to view the way to Dungannon, Tyron's chief house, ten miles distant, and setting some to cut down the wood the Rebels sought to hinder them, but were beaten back, so after we marched six miles to Armagh, and three to Rawlaghtany.  
From whence Sir Hen. Davers with 300 foot and 40 horse, went to burn some houses that stood in a fortress which he performed, but the Rebels followed them back even to our camp into which they poured a Volley of shot, and retired into an adjoining fortress.  
Here the Commissary viewed the Army, and found in the List 2950, but by Pole 1728.  
The fourth day at night the Rebels came with cries, Drums and bagpipes, as if they would have attempted our camp.  
And poured into it two or three thousand shot, but doing little hurt.  
For his Lordship commanded that none of our men should stir, having lodged in a Trench some 400 shot, with command that they should not give fire until the rebels were near; which doing they put up paid with the shot, and sent out lamentable cries. So than his Lordship sent for more forces because he had intelligence, that Tyron's Army was much increased.  
Now there came more certain news of the Spaniards coming, and of their intention to land at Waterford, in respect of the commodious harbour, and the people's good affection unto the Spaniards.  
A speedy supply of a thousand shot was required out of England, because Tyrone was grown very strong, as appeared by a list given by one that had been lately Tyrones' marshal, and now received into favour: as followeth.  

Tyrone for his guard 100 horse.  
His son Hugh O Neale, 100 horse, in all 400.  
His brother Carmack, 100 horse in all 400.  
Art mac Baron, 20 horse,  
Phelim O hanlors son, 10 horse.  
Turlogh Brasil's son 50 horse.  
Con Tyron's base son, 20 horse.  
His guard of foot, led by James O sheale a Lemster man, 200. 400  
Led by Jenken Fitz Simon of Lecale, 200. 400  
Other chief Commanders of foot, 3260 foot.  
Tot. Horse and Foot, 4060.   
All these (except 300) had means to keep themselves and companies in Tyrone: and divers of them besides have great forces to keep their own forces.  
About this time some discourtesies happened between the Lord Deputy and the Lord President of Munster, for that he had made some complaints of the Deputy in England, but by persuasion of Secretary Cecil, the Lord precedents great friend, they were united as fast as greatness will permit.  
His Lordship for want of victual lay about Armagh, and the Blackwater Fort.  
Aug. 29. his Lordship came to Trim, where the counsel of Dublin met him, and from whence, September the third, they wrote into England, in excuse that they had passed the limited sum of 6000 for extraordinaries: it being far too little to compass so much business, and provide so many things as was needful; and had not been able out of it to repair Athlone Castle, the Key of Connagh; nor divers other Forts and Castles of great consequence.  
Now intelligence came from Secretary Cecil, that the Spaniards were discovered about silly 45 sail, (whereof 17 men of war) and supposed that they would l●nd ●t Limrick: most of them 100 tun apiece, and had six thousand soldiers in them.  
As also other letters from the council in England, that his Lordship would ask what supplies were needful, and that in convenient time.  
September the nineteenth, two thousand men out of England arrived, some in Cork, and some in Waterford.  
And his Lordship writes for store of munition and victuals, to be with all speed sent to Dublin, telling Master Secretary that Tyrones' very friends would fail with his fortune, and many others when they could rid themselves of the fear of him.  
And that the Irish submitted Lords desired to continue subjects, if they might see appearance of defence, though perchance not so much out of their honest disposition, as for the smart they yet feel of a bitter persecution.  
In June, the Queen wrote to the Lord Deputy with her own hand, a most gracious acceptance, and a free commendations of his good service.  
September the three and twentieth, the Spanish Fleet came into Kinsale, lying between Rosse and Cork Bay out into the South Sea: the Lord Deputy and Lord President of Munster, being both together with the council at Kilkenny, whence they rode both to cork.  
Where they understood the number of the Spaniards to be about six thousand, under the command of Don Jean de Aquila, who was one of the chiefest Commanders of the King of Spain, and had been general in Britain: And that a thousand of them scattered by foul weather, were landed at Baltamore to the Westward of Kinsale.  
And that they expected (according to promise) great aid and assistance from the pretended Earl of Desmond and Florence, Mac Carty, who were both taken prisoners, and already sent into England.  
And that they had brought sixteen hundred great Saddles, for which Tyrone had promised to furnish them with horse, and then they would keep the field, for they had likewise many arms in hope the Irish Rebels would supply them with men, which would revolt at their first appearance.  
About October, many letters are sent into England, to the counsel and to Master Secretary.  
And he tells them, that seeing the occasions are so great, good supplies are to be sent with all speed, because defence must be made for the subject that hath means.  
And money also, because the Swordmen which have no means, will go to the enemy if we entertain them not.  
Thus his Lordship straightened for want of men, to suppress the rebels in the North, and oppose the foreign enemy in the South; but that God who accounts rebellion as the sin of Witchcraft, and an evil thought against lawful sovereignty impiety, did so counsel and encourage him, that collecting a small force together to Cork, he shows himself in field, and presently marched within five miles of Kinsale, and on the 17 of October, within half a mile of the walls, and sat down under a hill called Kn●c Robin, whither the Spaniard out of the town, made some shot to hinder his encamping but could not.  
And the next night made a great sally, but were beaten back again.  
Many skirmishes happened between the English & Spaniard, who always went back by weeping cross; by God's providence and the valour of our stout Commanders. So that Don Jean himself said he never saw men come more willingly to the sword than ours.  
There was little done by reason our artillery were not come to the camp.  
But the 26, our camp rose and entrenched themselves very strongly on spital Hill, on the North side of Kinsale, a little above Musket shot of the Town.  
Sir John Barkley with three other Captains, the night before falling into the Spaniards Trenches, made them forsake them; and fell into the gate of the town with them, and killed and hurt above 20 of them, having but three of our men hurt.  
The disposal of the whole army in Forts & Garrisons.  
Left at Loughfoyle horse 100, foot 3000 under several Captains.  

Left at Caricfergus horse 150, foot 850.  
In Lecale, foot 150.  
Left in the North Garrisons, horse 100  
Foot in No: Garrisons 800.  
Left in the Pale and places adjoining 175.  
Foot in the Pale under several Captains 3150.  
Left in Connagh 62 horse.  
Foot left there, 1150.  
Tot. 587 horse.  
foot 9100.   

A list of the Army with his Lordship at Kinsale.  
The old Munster list, Horse 175. Foot 1950.  
New Companies 2000 Foot.  
Brought from the North and the Pale to Kinsale, 436 horse, more foot 950. more foot 2080. tot. at Kinsale horse 611. Foot 6900.   
The whole Army in Ireland 1198 horse, 1600 foot.  
But many of these Companies were very deficient: the the 27. our artillery were landed at Oyster haven, and brought into the camp: and two Culverings were planted to batter the Castle of Rincovaur which the Spaniards possessed from their first coming, which Castle commanded the harbour of Kinsale, but one of the pieces presently broke, so we planted two more, which grew so hot, that the enemy, seeing they could not be relieved, neither by water nor land (for both had been tried, but in vain) sent out a parley for Conditions that would not be accepted, but presently after for life only, which was granted, being 86 in number, and some 30 had been slain in the defence of it.  
The Spaniards drew a demi Cannon out of the town, and did play into our camp: the first shot killed two men, and endangered many, piercing his lordship's tent, the shot altogether falling about his quarter, some supplies of men, munition, and ●●ctuals, came out of England at this time, brought by the Earl of Thomond, and being noised that Tyrone was coming down with a great Army to join with the Spaniard; the camp was strongly fortified on the north side from the town; and the next day the Lord President with 2100. Foot, and 325 horse drew out into the borders of the Province to stop him, at least hinder his passage.  
But the Spaniards getting intelligence of the Lord precedents going out of the camp, and supposing us thereby to be much weakened, about noon they drew out most of their forces, and sent 60. shot and pikes to the foot of the hill near our camp, leaving their ●●enches very well lined.  
Some entertained skirmish with those that did approach so near; Others of our men went about and set upon the trenches, and beat the Spaniards out of them, so that when the foremost retired, supposing to have relief of their seconds which they left in the Trenches they were deceived, and fain to make haste into the town: many of them hurt and killed, a sergeant taken, so that Don Jean committed the sergeant major: commended the valour of our men, and that his own had lost their reputation.  
And commanded that no man should after come off from his service, except he were fetched off by an Officer.  
The 13. day ten great ships came into Kinsale under the command of Sir Ri●h. Leveson, who brought 2000 Foot with Munition and Artillery: and Officers of all kinds to attend the same.  
A list of the Army at Kinsale Foot 11800.  
Out of which was chosen a flying Regiment (as they called it) to answer all alarms, and were exempted from other duties.  
The Horse 857.  
The Castle Niparke upon a breach made by our cannon, yielded only on condition of saving their lives, sixteen being only left in it; It stood in an Island beyond the water.  
The Lord President returned with four Regiments, two he carried out, and two met him, and coming to the camp, they quartered by themselves on the West side of Kinsale, and were commanded by the Earl of Thomand, for the Lord President went to the Lord Deputy.  
The town with a demi-canon played upon our admiral, and vice-admiral in the the harbour of Kinsale.  
And shot them throughout.  
But our ship pieces presently dismounted the demi-canon, and hurt their chief Gunner.  
Our battery lay so continually upon the town on all sides, that did it much offend the enemy within, who impatient that we built a fort close to the town West gate.  
Made a brave sally with 2000 men on our Ordinance on the East side, and made most furious assault, having brought with them tools to cloy the pieces, and to dismount them if possible.  
And endeavoured to pull down the Gabions in our trenches and baskets filled with earth, for the safeguard of our Gunners and cannoneers.  
But they found such resistance by the great courage of our men, that they were driven to retreat into the town, leaving above 120 dead in the place, and many slain near the town, some others taken prisoners.  
But on our side not many hurt, two captains and one lieutenant killed.  
Among the Spaniards at their shipping many of them were found to have Spells, Characters, and hallowed medals, as preservatives against death.  
A drum was sent to offer Don Jean to bury his slain, who returned thanks, but withal prayed the Lord deputy to see them buried, promising to do the like for ours, when they fell in his power.  
At this time news came that six Spanish ships were put into Castle-haven, near Baltamore, and six more were scattered from them by foul weather, these six brought two thousand men, and many Ordnance and Munition, and news that 20000 more were coming.  
Sir Richard Levison getting five or six ships out of the harbour of Kinsale, got in little time into Castle-haven, and and sunk one Spanish ship.  
The admiral of the Spaniard having 9 Foot water in her hold drove on a rock, and the vice-admiral and two others run aground, most of the Spaniards quitting them.  
And so our Fleet returned to Kinsale.  
Into which harbour came a Scottish bark laden with 80 Spaniards, who were by the Master put all into the hands of the English, so were landed and carried into the camp, upon whose examination divers discoveries were made, that great preparations were made for Ireland, and that in Spain they doubted not but that it was taken already.  
Now intelligence came to the camp that O donnel was joined with the Spaniards that landed at Castle-haven, & that he together with all the forces that Tyrone could make, would relieve Kinsale.  
Upon which our camps did more strongly fortify and entrench themselves for their own defence.  
And so had not leisure to follow the batteries as they had done before, because the new supplies were much wasted with hard service, and great sickness.  
Two small Sconces were built at the West side of the town, between the Earl of Thomands quarter and the water, and so cast up trenches from place to place, to invest the town to the land, and hinder the driving in of the cattle into the town. O Donnels forces, are said to be 4000 and Tyrones' 8000. which are all to join with the Spaniards, and lie not above six miles from our camp.  
A Letter was intercepted, sent to Oneale by the Spanish general.  
To the Prince Oneale, and Lord O donnel.  
I Thought your Excellencies would have come at Don Ricardoes going, since he had order from you, to say that upon the Spaniards coming to you (from Castle-haven) you would do me that favour; And so I beseech you now, you will do it, and come as speedily and as well appointed as may be: for I assure you that the enemy, are tired and very few, and they cannot guard the third part of their trenches, which shall not avail them, for resisting their first fury, all is ended.  
The manner of your coming, your Excellencies know better there then I to give here: for I will give them enough to do this way, being always watching to give the blow all that I can, and with some resolution that your Excellency fighting as ye do always, I hope in God the victory shall be ours without doubt, because the cause is his.  
And I more desire the victory for the interest of your excellency, than mine own.  
And so there is nothing to be done, but to bring your squadrons; come well appointed and close withal, that being mingled with the enemies; their forts will do as much harm to themselves as unto us.  
The Lord keep your excel. Kinsale Decemb. 18. after the old stile.  
Though you be not well fitted, I beseech your Excellen. to dislodge and come towards the enemy, for expedition imports, it is needful that we all be on horseback at once, and the greater hast the better,  
Signed by Don Jean de Aquila.  
This news made us ply our batteries the more, and the like importunity made Tyrone advance within a mile of us in the way to Cork.  
But some of our Foot drawing out of the camp towards him; for that time he drew himself into the woo●s.  
Our Army was but weak at this time, many sick, and some run away in number 6595.  
Tyrone often showed his Horse and Foot on a hill not ●a●e off; and we had intelligence from one of Tyrones' Commanders that both he and the Spaniards resolved to a●…t our camp together on all sides in the night.  
But Tyrones' guides missing the way, happened to be with●● an hour of day, when they were descried, in a plain not far from our camp: where Tirrill led the vanguard wherein the Spaniards from Castle haven were, Tyrone leading their battle, and O donnel their rear intending to force the great camp.  
But the Lord Deputy, with the Lord President having sat in counsel all that night drew out some regiments. The marshal Sir Richard Wingfield with 400 horse, and Sir Henry Fowers regiment advanced within 20 score of the enemy, resolving to give them battle, two more regiments being come up; which the enemy perceiving retired over a ford somewhat disorderly, and the marshal seeing it desired leave of the Lord Deputy to fight; which being granted to take occasion according to his discretion, he presently marched forward over the ford.  
The enemy still retiring further over the bog into a plain, hoping to find the bog some safeguard from us.  
But the marshal with some horse and foot went to the bog side, and gave them occasion of skirmish; there their Battalians standing firm on the one side of the bog, and our foot on the other.  
In the mean time the marshal found a way through the ford to the ground where the Rebels stood, he possessed the same with some foot, and presently got over three troop of Horse, with which he charged the enemy's battles of 1800 men, but finding them stand firm, wheeled about.  
But now three troop of Horse more, and two Regiments of foot which were with the Lord Deputy, who stood not far off with a vigilant eye, came all up.  
So that the marshal with the Horse charged home upon the rear of the battle, which being Irish, and not used to fight in the plain, especially seeing their horse die, which were the chief Gentlemen (in number five or six hundred) were suddenly routed, and our men followed the execution. The other two battles seeing the other routed, advanced to their succour, but the Lord Deputy sending another Regiment to charge on the flank of the vanguard, which presently retired disorderly, being followed by our horse and foot. But the Spaniards that were not so light footed, drew out by themselves, yet were soon broken (by a troop of horse led by Sir William God●lphin) and most of them killed their Commander Don Alinza del Campo taken prisoner, together, with two captains, 7 Alfieroes, ensigns or Colours (as we call them) and 40 soldiers.  
In the mean time many of the light-footed Irish escaped away, by advantage of this execution done on the Spaniard. and all the main battle except 60 were killed.  
On our side little hurt, Sir Richard Greames Coronet killed, some Commanders of quality hurt, and six soldiers hurt, many of our horses killed, and others hurt. Of the Irish 1200 left dead in the place, besides those that were killed in two miles' chase. We took nine of their ensigns, all their Drums, Powder, and two thousand arms.  
And their destruction had been greater, had not the greediness of our men in pillaging and rifling the Spaniards hindered it.  
And had not our foot been tired out with continual service, and our horse spent for want of provision to keep them in good case, we had cut the throat of all the Rebels, for they never made resistance▪ nor looked behind them, but ran and shifted for their lives.  
His Lordship presently in the midst of the dead bodies, gave thanks to God for this great victory.  
So let all thine enemies perish, O Lord, but let them that love him be as the Sun when he goeth forth in his might.  
The Rebels were upon report about six thousand foot, & 500 horse, whereof 14 Captains slain, soldiers slain 1995.  
His Lordship had not above 1200 foot, and less than 400 horse, so that it was God's great goodness to give him the day.  
And about noon he returned giving volleys of shot in manner of Triumph.  
Which the Spaniards in the town hearing, who had lain still all this while expecting Tyrone, and now supposed that it had been he, made a sally out upon our camp, but soon perceiving their error, they did retire into the town again.  
But made divers sallies out to hinder our making of trenches, and other works which now we did most earnestly.  
About the last of December, Don Jean sent to the Deputy about a parley, terming him viceroy, and much complained of the treachery and falsehood of the Irish.  
And that if honourable conditions were offered, he would accept; and so after many parlyes and propositions, Articles were accorded on both sides.  
That the Spaniard with all he had, and while they tarry be well entreated, and have things necessary for their money: and sent safe away into Spain in English ships, as soon as conveniently they may: paying for their passage, and leaving a pledge for the safe return of them back again.  
So our army went to refresh itself at Cork, and the Span. abroad in Kinsale; only Don Jean▪ rode with the Deputy, and made means to his Lordship, that his excellency would show some commiseration on the Spanish prisoners that were in Cork, that were in great extremity for want of provision in number 160.  
Jan 25▪ certain captains are dispatched West ward to receive from the Spaniards, at Castle-haven, Baltamore, and B●●r-haven, those Castles which they possessed, but they not knowing of this their general's Composition, they a●B●●r-haven being 60, did build a Fort of trees and earth and planted three pieces in it.  
About the eight of March (for so long it was by reason of foul weather and cross winds, before all the Spaniards▪ could be sent home; his Lordship with the Army attending▪ thereabout, not willing to trust them overmuch, or give them occasion of doing ill.  
About the end of the year 1601, his Lordship wrote unto the counsel in England, showing them the hope that they had of the peace and quiet of Munster, upon the death and execution of three archrebels.  
Likewise showing them there was great discontentment in the army, upon an occasion of an abatement of half a pound of beef to each m●● a day, and two herring o●●●●shdays; and that the horsemen did murmur, for that 〈…〉; were raised 5 s. in a quarter more than usual, being but 〈…〉 before▪ now 15 s. which his Lordship did alter again for fear of a mutiny.  
And presently after his Lordship fell sick, and so continued repairing to Dublin to take physi●k.  
Now here majesty's charge is cast up for the former year ending 1602, and it was 246087 l▪ 7 s. 8. d.  
Besides the Concord●u●●▪ bills impressed upon account here, the levies and transporting of forces, (paid in England▪ the payment of works, and the charge of the office of the Ordnance, Powder, Bullets, &c.  
Now a List is taken of the army in the beginning of the● year▪ 1602▪ colonels 14.  
Totall● of the horse by the list 1487. foot 16950.  
But of these only 500 horse▪ and 3650 foot went into the field with his Lordship, the rest were placed in several Forts, Castles, and Countries▪ for the better preventing of the Rebels joining together, and were so placed, that upon little warning many o● them might meet with his Lordship, now intending to bend all his forces on Tyrons' country.  
So being recovered, took the field in June, and marching up to Blackwater, to the fittest passage into the heart, of Tyrone five miles Eastward from the Fort of Blackwater.  
There was but a small space or skirt of a Wood between our Camp and the River, which would he had cut through the year before, and there building a bridge over the River, and a Fort to safeguard it (calling it Charlemount, he passed to Dungannon, six miles distant, a plain open way: whence Tyrone making haste away left the town and his own house there seated all a fire, so his Lordship sending a● company before to view it, presently marched thither with his army, and Tyrone fled as high as the Castle R●●, upon● be▪ Ban, his Lordship sent out. Companies to spoil and forage, as far as En●●killin or Lough Erne, and taking two of Tyrones' chief Islands, he marched to Lough-Sidney where he met Sir Arthur Chicester▪ with his forces; who came from Carickfergus; at their meeting place his Lordship raised a For● capable of a 1000 foot, and 100 horse, and called in Mountjoy, after his own Barony. And his lordship's resolutions were to follow Tyrone from place to place, but that a scarcity of victuals hindered him, so that he was fa●●▪ for 20 days to go● elsewhere to provide, but leaving those Garrisons in the mean time, so strong about Tyrone, that he should not dare to venture on the plain●, and they stirring about to seek after him in his fortress, he should not feed his C●…is abroad.  
Now fresh news came of new supplies from Spaina, and confirmed, for that a ship of Spain arrived at Ardea, and brought O Swillivan bear, and other captains of the rebel's munition and store of money: which made them grow somewhat resolute, whereas before they were ready to sue for mercy: this caused some obstructions in their proceeding.  
But the Lord Deputy intending to take the field and have the Newry but hearing that Tyrone would send and disturb the parts about Killultagh, to hinder that himself should not be prosecuted,  
His Lordship sent some Commanders to invest a strong Fort wherein lay all the goods of such Rebels as were fled into Tyrone: called Enishlanghen, which was seated in the midst of a great Bog, and no way accessable, but through thick Woods very hardly passable, and the Fort had about it two deep ditches both compassed with strong palisadoes a very high and thick Rampire of earth, and timber, and well flanked with Bulwarks, and sixty soldiers for its defence; who by the industry and valour of our men were made to yield, and men brought to his Lordship at the Newly.  
This done his Lordship took the field, Aug. 20, marched towards Armagh, and so spoiled Tyron's Country, who was fled into Fermanagh; from whence he went to a fortress at the bottom of Lough earn, so that he could not be approached, so that making wast thereabouts & leaving Garrisons, at the end of summer his Lordship returned to Dublin.  
About October 20, many Rebels offered submission, especially many of Tyrones' Captains, and Tyron himself writes an humble letter to the Lord Deputy.  
Who begins a journey into Connagh to take the submission of other Rebels, and to view the town of Galloway, where he continued all Christmas, and caused a fort to be built there.  
The Lord President of Munster, went to surprise the castle of Dunbay which Oswillivan Bear got from the Spaniard, at Bearhaven, where in were sixty Warders, and three pieces of Ordnance, near unto which his Lordship pitched his camp having a rising hill between it & the castle; there were within it some Spaniards & Italians: But our battery making a breach was entered by the English, and possessed part of it, but the Rebels defended the rest all the day and night, and part of the next day: until our men won it by force, and slew and executed 134 men, sparing 12 of good account, which were kept to work upon Tirrill. Spanish Ordnance taken in this Fort, one Demyculvering, two Sacres, and one Falcon all of brass, and two Sacres, five Minions, and one Falcon of iron; the Castle was blown up, and his Lordship returned to Cork, Sir Samuel Bagual with a Regiment, fell by night into Tirrils camp, lying in Muskerry, killed 80 of his men, made him fly away in his shirt, took a thousand cattle, 60 horses and hackneys, and much rich spoil.  
And Sir Charles Wilmot broke by night into the quarters. of the Knight of Kerry, killed 40 of his men, took 500 Cows, 200 Garrais, and two months' provision of meal, and meeting with other Rebels, he took in all 2000 Cows, 4000 sheep, and 1000 Garrais, so that the Rebels as b●oken men flew towards Pale: About this time Captain Taffe commanding our Irish in Carbery, assaulted a band of Rebels, led by a Priest the Pope's Nuntio, who killed the Priest with most of his men, and got his cattle.  
Upon whose death Mac Carties, & all Cerbery submitted.  
So the Lord President from Connagh returned to Munster, and leaving two Commissioners to govern Munster in the beginning of March, sailed into England.  
And now Tyrone himself sues for the Queen's favour, which she is very unwilling to grant, supposing him not worthy to live, who had cost so many lives, and caused he so much charge and trouble: yet the Deputy earnestly mediates, but it doth not appear that ever she did yield unto it; yet willing he should come in.  
But Tyrone had little left but the grudging of the common people, which always follows disasters, and exclaimed that he had engaged the ruin of his whole Nation, for his own private disco●tents, and that these wars howsoever beneficial to him, yet were they most pe●nicious to them. Thus Tyrone having almost, if not altogether worn out and wasted his friends and fortune, found it high time to seek ●avour and accept it upon any terms.  
Which the Deputy having secret intelligence of (the Queen's death not yet publicly known) made some haste to accept of his submission, lest another should have taken the beast out, that he had taken in his toil.  
And so March 30, 1603, at Me●ifont he made his humble submission to the Deputy (sitting in a chair of State) on his knees, and in the company of the Deputy rode to Dublin, April 4.  
At which time open tidings came of the death of that victorious Queen, and the happy coming in of K. James: do the Earl of Tyrone, made a new submission to the Deputy, as to King James King of England.  
And now upon this change divers of the Towns and Cities, as Cork, Waterford, and Wexford, through the ●educing of the Priests and Jesuits) had set up the Idolatrous mass▪ and brought in Popish superstition, by force and violence, on a ●a●●e suggestion, that K. James was a favourer of the same.  
So the Deputy was ●ike to have a new business in hand by those that had not showed themselves all this time; who seeing their hope of gain gone, the rebellion growing to an end, themselves will venture to continue it rather than let it ●●●ke.  
As Limrick and Galloway, but especially Cork grew exceeding insolent, and by force to advance to the height, the Romish Religion.  
And for prevention hereof his Lordship first writes to the Maior, and then draws towards them with the King's forces.  
Hanged some of the ringleaders at Cork, swore the other Cities to obedience, leaving strong Garrisons in them. Left Sir George Carem the King's Deputy, sent for Tyrone, and carried him into England; where he was joyfully welcomed, and graciously entertained at the Court, created Earl of Devonshire, and made a privy counsellor, Tyrone having procured his pardon of the King, and a Proclamation for his safeguard in his return to Ireland, being grown exceeding odious to our Nation, there he stayed awhile, but after being disloyal, fled into Spain, and there died.  
The War ended the army List, horse 1000, foot 11150, and after to be reduced to 8000 foot.  
The charge from 1602 to 1603, beside concordatum, munition, and other extraordinaries 290733 l. 8 s. 9 d. Which War continued from October 1, 1598.: to the last of March, 1603, which was four years and a half, and cost besides great concordatums, great charge of munition, and other great charge of Extraordinaries 1198717 l. 19 s.  
Thus was Ireland by that noble Lord cured of its desperate state, and brought into the most absolutest subjection, in which it had ever been since the first conquest. And had the resolution held of disarming the Papists, which afterward could not be effected when our army was reduced to so small a number.  
Or the eye of Policy or Church Discipline been so vigilant or observable, as it might have been.  
We need not now have 〈…〉 what we may justly, though 〈…〉 enough lament.  
But whether slides my eager pen, it was my promise to set a period to that sad seen; and how meanly performed, no man knows better than myself.  
But since that tragic part is now again (after so many halcyon happy days) come on the Stage; it calls to mind still some sad events which then happened, and follow 〈…〉 Rebellion, whose indentive is imaged ●ancour, and end 〈…〉 and destruction.  
For besides that inhuman disposition of the Native Irish▪ as appeared by a barbarous fact committed about 〈…〉 in ●ent by three Irish people in their house, killing them and burning that running away by the light; but were apprehended, executed, and hung on Gibbets. There is an inbred hatred in them towards the English, and a general dislike of our civil government, but much more of our Religion, the love of the Irish to Spain, (whence some of them are descended.  
The least success of the Rebels, and the hope of pardon upon the worst event; which last by the great wisdom of the 〈…〉 is prevented by ●etting their 〈…〉 ●ale assoon as they are en●●ed into Rebellion, the better to awe them; for those continual parleys and overtures of peace proved most dangerous to the State, and most advantageous to the Rebels▪ and caused them to revolt upon the least 〈…〉 and where as the ●●i●es have lain so loo●e on them these many years▪ it makes them prove ●adish, who by nature go best with a hard hand.  
Being best preserved by the same means by which they were first gained.  
These things lying 〈…〉 in their hearts (has now ●●oake out in a filthy running sore) especially pressed by the hands of Priests and Jesuits, who for their own 〈…〉 and end●, care not what exigence and extrea●ity they 〈…〉 those mis●ed people into, who were they so wi●e as to consider those miseries they formerly endured, when the provision of the country was destroyed, and they lay scattered in the ways dead by 1000 with hunger, and nothing more common then to see multitudes of those miserable people dead in the ditches of town, with their mouths all coloured green with eating of nettles and docks, and whaelse they could rear out of the ground.  
Beside this, two most horrid● spectacles were then s●●ne three children (the eldest not above 10 years old all eating and grawing the entrails of their dead Mother, upon whose flesh they had fed 20 days past having devoured all the flesh to the bare bones; now fell a roasting the in●r●lles on a slow fire to sustain themselves from starving.  
Another more cruel discovered by captain Traver lying at the Newry, of certain old women in those parts which used to make a fire in the fields, whether divers little children drove out cattle in the cold mornings, and coming to warm themselves, were by these surprised, killed, and eaten, which at the last was discovered by a great girl which broke from them by strength.  
For the certain information the captain sent our fo●… soldiers to try the truth of it, who found the ●o●ls and bones of children scattered in the fields; and so did apprehend those cursed cairiffs, and put them to death. Those and many as bad are the accidents that happened in that Rebellion.  
And who can expect better in this, or 〈…〉 who 〈…〉 not worse, if no● suddenly prevented, this fire of rebellion now kindle●; will be found to increase into a devouring 〈…〉 by slow and slender oppositions to the first eruption, if the Rebels have liberty to combine and know their own strength, for by delay the foe is encouraged, and his number animated by such as submit for fear of them, when they cannot be secured by us.  
And if we have not such forces as may keep and command the field, thereby to compel the rebel to make resistance●t one place with most of his forces, than will he forage and spoil all abroid in the Country; but if he be made unite in one head, then will he soon be driven to want of victuals, which will be apt to breed murmurings and mutinies among themselves.  
And a war of force will be great, costly, and large (as the Earl of Essex said) and that will make the burden more deservedly to be complained of, then that of Queen Elizabeth, who did grieve and groan (as she said) with her subjects, under so great a weight as the maintaining of 1400. foot, and 1500 horse, in a climate full of contagion, in a kingdom utterly wasted.  
Which forces ours must far exceed, for although the Rebels have not such woods and fortresses as then, yet now are they equal in number, and far more ready than formerly, and better exercised in feats of arms, and no doubt will make the best advantage of the hills and bogs, for the Earl of Essex was wont to say that the war in Ereland, was as as well to be made with woods and bogs as men; It's not like the coursing of a Hare, but as the digging after an earthed fox from one angle to another.  
It was then thought the savingst way to break them by factions raised among themselves, they being covetous and mercenary; and will be hired to any thing, especially if the Jesuites and preaching Priests be but rooted out, which do solder them so fast and close together, that were they quite banished; they would moulder asunder in short time of themselves.  
Some obstructions were then like to happen, as ready to hinder the good progress arising from the discountenancing of the general by the supreme authority that employed him; his want of trusty friends to mediate and speed his proceedings; this fear raised many jealousies in the Earl of Essex head, and run him on the rash attempt to have (unw●rranted) the Service.  
This made Lord Mountjoy, so labour to ingratiate himself with Secretary Cecil, a man powerful with the Queen, by which means all necessaries are timely sent unto him, himself encouraged to diligence, and had in honour and reputation in the eyes of his soldiers. It was the only overthrow of victorious Hannibal, to be secretly maligned, by the crafty wiles of Hanno working upon some thrifty humours of the Senators of Carthage, and ready to urge all his proceeding to his disadvantage.  
And when some shall labour by false evidence to sway the opinion of his supreme judge in the title of their favour and his deserts; this dealing may prove injurious to the service by whomsoever to be undertaken.  
It was then thought fit for the further countenancing of the general, for to leave the disposing of many places, especially the Companies of the supplies sent unto him, for so Gentlemen were kept in Ireland from being troublesome in importuning authority for Companies in England, & men did more endeavour to deserve well being in the eye of him of whom they have, or else expect advancement, and by that means will he be able to curb the insolences and misdemeanours, of many bad captains, who sue and press hard for command to make a living, rather than out of any love to the cause or country, or any affection to their Companies, as may appear by keeping of them imperfect, and so lay the greater burden of service on the rest, or else by changing away some for such such as are not serviceable, as was attempted in the first Scottish employment and knowing that their time is short, and at the end of the war begins (through their wast and improvidence, their misery) captains make harvest wages by reaping other men corn.  
These crimes in the Queen's wisdom were thought so heinous, as that the offenders were made examples by cashiering, degrading, and other notes of infamy.  
And captains refusing to show their Companies, when they were required by the Commissaries of the Mustors should be checked two months pay, which will prove no ill precedent to be now observed.  
Another inconvenience than happened in that there were not large magazines of provision laid in the safe towns lying on the Sea or great Rivers, for an Army has a large body, and much of it (like a frogs belly) and without that satisfaction the hands and knees are feeble.  
And through the default of the victuallers there happened as great a mischief, that seeing the state of England exceeds all other Princes in their large allowance both by Sea and Land. So for the kind more nourishable, as hoof and pork, where as the Spaniard and French feed-on hard pease and beans, dry ruske, and insipid rice, easy to be kept indeed.  
But through the cozenage and deceit of the victuallers, it is both cut short in quantity, and unsavoury, and unwholesome in the quality breeding diseases and infection among the poor soldiers. This is no news to any that have been in the late actions of the English, and will never be otherwise until some severe course be taken with these cruel Harpies that ruin both King and people by uttering any musty provision.  
An excellent and commendable provision was then made for the sick; a Quest-house in the town, and carefully looked into, and to have their lendings in ready money, and surplusage allowed.  
And for those that were sick or sickly in the Camp; their own means allowed them very duly.  
Then a general contribution from the Officers and captains of the Army: amounting to fifty pound a week, bestowed in providing warm b●o●h, meat and lodging; as was a great succour both to the sick and ●aymed, not permitting them to lie in the field scattered or neglected, as though by their loss of limbs or health, they had lost their Christianity, what is it that takes away the edge of their valour, that they dare not venture so boldly as they would, but this neglect and scorn that is offered them, or lest the loss of a member prove more miserable than the loss of their lives.  
But let us now go on with better hopes, and resolutions becoming the English Nation, assuring ●●●selves there is now wealth and honour to be gotten as well a● then, when divers archieved the dignity of Earls, many Vis●o●●ts, 13 at the least.  
Barons which were Colonels and captains in that service, besides many well affected Irish; who won honour and not b●ing can be w●●●ing C●s●r, a●d the 〈…〉 will take care of us.  
Besides, know of what condition your adversaries are Rebels in the highest degree against God, so having wounded their own conscience, and God their hearts; they will prove no other than a hea●● of dear, showing a fair head; but make their heel the safe guardian off them; and those light-footed kern have always made better use of their heels then hands; and proof hath showed when ever they were called to the aid of the Scots or English.  
Whose best commendations was, that the Irish at the first went on well, but according to their custom suddenly fell off; and leave their party engaged, if they look not to it.  
So they did in a good cause, and with good company, but now all stained, and stand guilty of Rebellion, which is as the sin of witchcraft.  
They became crest-fallen, faint-hearted, that if followed with speed, actum est.  
The Tragedy is ended, they must all uncase.  
But why am I so bold, when wisdom almost divine is busy about it?  
As if I meant to light a candle to the Sun; why that has been at noon day, to pry a corner that glorious light stoops not too.  
Besides, Abundans cautela non nocet.  
Many boayes in the Sea, many beacons on the shore, makes all the more safe and secure. And it may be used as an old wife's medicine, if it do no good it will do no hurt: for it is not meant as an advice, but as an opinion of a wellwisher, which may be allowed or canceled at any man's pleasure.  But when thou goest out with thy Host against thine enemies, keep thee then from all wickedness, Deut. 23. 9   
FINIS.