portrait of a man 
REX GALLIAE LVDOVICVS XIV    

Observations upon the GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE, DURING The Reigns of Henry the Fourth, surnamed the Great,  
Lewis the Thirteenth, surnamed the Just,  
But more at large of Lewis the Fourteenth, surnamed, Given of God, the Great, and the Invincible.  
LONDON, Printed in the Year, 1689.   

To his GRACE the DUKE of ******  
May it please your Grace,  
I Once thought this Trifle capable of affording me Diversion, yet, though I much desire it, I cannot think it Worthy of meriting your Grace's Patronage. The Piece itself in many places being of no Value, and the Performance in the Translation is so every where, which is the reason I prefix neither your Grace's Name nor my Own. The thing I am most proud of in the World, is your Graces Favour and Acquaintance; and is what I will ever glory in upon all other occasions; yet, resolving, never publicly to own myself a scribbler. It is not just your Name, for which I have so much Veneration, should be placed before that, which I fear may bring my own sense into Question: However, there is this advantage in being Concealed, that your Grace cannot be censured for your Friendship, to a Person Unworthy of so much Goodness. I wish I were able to give your Grace a more particular Account of this Tract; but I could never learn any thing of it, but that it came from Holland. It was shown me many Months since, and then Translated. It is a Collection made up of panegyric and Scandal; and if in some places it is more favourable than the base Character deserves, the Collector is not to blame, who doubtless was a French Man; and, though he be severe enough upon his Princes, is yet much a Boutannian, whose Servile and Uncleanly way of Honouring their Grand Monarque( described by Mons. Tavernier) deserves to be Proverbially applied, not only to many of the French, but their Slavish mimics.  
I guessed this would not be Ungrateful, if made English, to show what blessed People those were, whose Conduct and Government, not long was so much admired by some of their Neighbours. The virtues of those Pillars of the Church of Rome, here mentioned, was yet a greater Inducement, and made me huddle it over the quicker( to which, I hope, the Incorrectness will be ascribed) that it might get into the World, when their Impudence and tyranny was most Rampant here. That it has lain thus long, I matter not, let him look to that, who is to get by it( if he can.) The Observations on Mons. Turenne, I imagine, by the Style in French, to be done by a different Hand; the few things mentioned here, are otherwise related then in his Printed Life: And I doubt not but your Grace, whose delight is Arms, Honor, and the good of your Country, will be pleased enough with the matter, and pass over the defects of Expression. As to the Reasons of Mar. Turenne's shameful apostasy, I differ from the Author; for whether he were Cheated into it, like many others, by the Bishop of Meaux's New Popery, or lead by some other motives, very unlike the rest of the Character of his Soul and Understanding. I know not, but cannot help thinking, it is the most villainous Blot in his, or any other reasonable Mans Life; and as incapable of an Apology, as the heresy he embraced, is of an honest Defence: Thus, Sir, whilst I am incognito, I have taken the liberty of an Impertinent Masquerader, and talked more than comes to the share of a Dedicator; but since I am no needy Mercenary one, I think myself the less bound up to their Methods: Yet were I not sensible that your Grace has with your Wit and judgement, a wonderful Condesention and Obligingness, I should not have thus presumed; but your Grace finds that it is the Fate of those, who are universally Admired and Beloved, to be as often Importuned, as Pleased; and if I have trespassed on good Breeding, I beseech your Grace, to believe it to be the Zealous effect of both my Inclination and Choice, ever to Honour you, and be with respect,  
Your Grace's most Obedient and most Humble Servant, † † † † † † †.   

OBSERVATIONS Upon the GOVERNMENT OF THE Kingdom of FRANCE, &c.  

OBSERVAT. I. Concerning the surname of Great, attributed to Hen. the Fourth.  
THE French Writers have usually compared Henry the Great to the Conqueror of Asia: For Alexander was of a low stature, but of an invincible Courage; and a Scythian ambassador very handsomely insinuated it in an Eloquent Discourse, to these excellent Expressions, Si magnitudinem animi tui corpus tuum aequaret, universus Orbis non te caperet, altera manu contingeres Orientem, altera Occidentem. If thy Body were equal to thy Courage, the whole World would not contain thee; for with one Hand thou wouldst touch the East, with the other the West. Juvenal speaking of Alexander, and alluding to his being a little Man, says, 
Unus Pellaeo Juveni non sufficit Orbis.  
— Mors sola fatetur  
Quantula sint hominum Corpuscula.   
Our Illustrious Henry was a little short Man, but his small Body contained a Noble Heroical Soul; and in his time the French applied that Proverb to him, 
* Petite mine & grand jeu.  Small appearance and Great matters. He had the Title of Great for his valiant Actions; which made him be looked upon as the Balancer of the World. And for his entirely suppressing the League, and driving Foreign Enemies out of the very Heart of his Kingdom; these Verses were therefore usually put under his Picture, or Statue: 

Endomtant mes sujets, guerroyant l'Etranger,  
La gloire de mon Nom n'a pont eu de second.  
Et lors queen le destin vint mes jours abreger,  
ye m'etois fait Monarque & l'Arbitre du Monde.   

By Taming Rebels, Conquering Foreign Foes,  
The Glory of my Name no equal knows.  
But when I fell by an untimely Fate,  
I was the Balance of all Europe's State.    
This Gallant Prince was so overjoyed, when he was compared to Alexander, that he gave a very great reward to Malherbe the Poet, for four Verses he made extempore upon a little Horse that this Monarch rid upon.  

Petit Cheval, gentle Cheval,  
proper à montrer, proper à descendre  
Tu n'és pas taunt queen Bucéphal.  
Tu ports plus grand qu' Alexandre.   

Pretty Horse, little Horse,  
Yet fit to bear the World's Commander.  
Thou want'st Bucephalus his Force,  
Thy Lord surpasses Alexander.   
Some are apt to think that the surname of Great, was not given to this King for his great Actions only, but for the design he had of giving France the bounds it had of Old, so that he intended to extend the Kingdom Eastward to the Rhine, Westward to the Pyrenean Hills, Southward to the Alpes, and Northward to the Ocean; but the untimely Death of this Monarch stopped this great Work, which has still been endeavoured at by his Successors; and the present King seems to be pretty well advanced toward it.   

OBSERVAT. II. Of the First Marriage of Henry the Fourth.  
IF ever any King was Unfortunate in his Marriages it was he; for, though his Heart were very sensible of Love, and his Inclinations to it too Violent; yet it was always his Fortune to find full as much Dissatisfaction, as Pleasure in his Amours. His First Marriage with Margaret of clois, was only made for a blind, the better under the specious Pretence of that Alliance, to commit that Massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day; in which, against all the Rules of Wisdom, they contrived the Destruction of Henry, who was then but King of Navarre. There happened then an accident very surprising, which was, that when the Massacrers sought him, to Dispatch him, he was sitting alone in a Room with his Wife; and seeing every Place streaming with the Blood of his best Friends, and these Villains hastening to cut his Throat, he thought of hiding himself after this manner; Queen Margaret sate in a great Chair, and at that time Farthingales were worn, which made their Petty-coats stand out round, our Henry hide himself underneath, between his Wives Thighs. The Assassinates having broken open the Door, and seeing no Body but the Queen, asked her where the King her Husband was? She without changing her Countenance, or showing any Concern, haughtily  told 'em he went away from her in a great deal of hast; so that these Murtherers, who always looked upon this Lady with a great deal of respect, departed without Executing their purpose; and, therefore it was merrily said, That Margarets Petty-coats saved King Henry's Life.  
This Queen was the Sister of Charles IX. of the Duke of Anjou, afterwards King of Poland, and Henry III. and of the Duke of Alenson. She had extreme Violent Inclinations to two things, that were very different, Learning and Love; so that she was called the Minerva and Venus of France. It is a Common report that she made good Verses, with great readiness; and it is a known Story, that this Princess one Day taking the Air, saw a Poor Scholar lying on a dunghill, she said to him, Pauper ubique jacet; which he hearing presently writ down this Distich, and presented to her. 
In thalamis, Regina, tuis hac nocte jacerem;  
Si verum hoc esset, pauper ubique jacet.  Whereupon as soon as this pleasant Lady had red them, she sent him these extempore, 
Carceris in tenebris plorans hac nocte jaceres;  
Si verum hoc esset, pauper ubique jacet.   
And indeed this Princess was so fond of Learning, that she continually entertained at her Table the greatest Scholars of the Kingdom. As for what concerns her Love, it's said, that she never denied her Lovers any thing; and Henry, who let her do what she pleased, rather looked upon her as the King of France's Sister, than as his own Wife, for neither of them had that Love for each other, which is necessary for a real Marriage. But she was afterwards Divorced from Henry for her Barrenness; but after the Dissolution of the Marriage, the good Lady by a Lover of hers had two Children. She had been brought up, and encouraged in these Practices, by her own Mother Catharine de Medicis, who was usually called the fourth Fury of Hell, as appears by these Verses, said to be made by Q. Marg. her own Daughter.  

trees Erebi Furias post hac, ne credite Vates,  
Addita nam quarta est his Catharina tribus.  
Quod si trees furias de se dimiserit Orcus,  
Haec Catharina tamen pro tribus una foret.   

That there are but three Furies; think no more,  
For Catharine is added to make four.  
Nay, were the rest from their dark Mansion gone,  
Their place might be supplied by her alone.   
This Queen Catharine, as Thuanus reports, was very Cunning, and of a malicious Temper; and had a Company of Fortune-tellers and Conjurers that always followed her, and because they had all Foretold her that she should be destroyed the Ruins of a House, qu'elle seroit accablée sous less ruins d'une Maison; she never would go into any till her Work-man had surveyed it, to know if it were strongly Built. But after the Death of the Duke of Guise, and the Cardinal of lorraine his Brother, who were killed at Blois, and were the great Creatures and Favourites of this Queen; she took it so to Heart, that she fell Sick and Died of Grief. A little before she expired, she had two Ladies near her, one of them was a Protestant, and the other a Papist, who both Exhorting her to lift up her Soul to God her Maker, and implore his Divine Mercy; she spoken these Words, My good Friends now my Days are ended by the Ruins of a House. For of all her Sons, there now only remained Henry III. who had no Children, nor had hopes of any, so that the House of clois was at an end.  
They say, that she made use of the Conjurations of these Wizards, to know who should succeed her Sons; which they did by the means of a Looking-glass, and shewed her who should have the Crown after the Race of clois. The First that appeared was our Henry IV. for whom she had such an Aversion, and so implacably hated him, that ever after she used her uttermost endeavour to destroy him. Notúmque furens quid foemina posset, but God delivered him from all her snares. After him she saw in the Glass Lewis XIII. and then appeared one with a stately Mien and majestic Air, which was Lewis XIV. After whom the Magick-glass shewed her a Company of Jesuits, who were to have their turn to be absolute Masters of France. She then would see no more, and was ready to break the Glass; but, however it was preserved, and it's reported that it is kept at present in the Louvre.   

OBSERVAT. III. Concerning the Second Marriage of Henry the Fourth.  
IF Henry the Great was Unfortunate in his First Marriage, he had but very little better Fortune in his Second, except his Posterity. For the first Night he lay with his Wife Mary de Medicis, there was fixed over his Bridal Chamber, in great Letters, these Words of the Scripture, Non erat opus Bene-valentibus Medicis; which was a satirical allusion to the Queens Family, who was Daughter to the Great Duke of Tuscany, of the House of Medicis. These Illustrious Lovers did not always agree very well, their particular Intrigues made 'em often Quarrel; the Queen had great Heart-burnings, to see the Kings several Mistresses; and the King could not bear the Queens lewdness with the Marquis of anchor an Italian, that was her favourite. One Night, when they lay together, after some Curtain-lectures, and sharp Reproaches of each other, the Queen got up, and flew at his Face, and in the height of her Auger scratched him soundly; the King for his part spared her no more than she did him; so that to end this Combat, those of the Bed-Chamber then in Waiting, were fain to run and call the Duke de Sully, Lord Treasurer, who had a great ascendant over the King's Temper, he hastened to the Louvre and after he had very much entreated the King, and remonstrated to him how scandalous it was; he obliged him, to hinder further disorder, to quit the Field, and carried him to lodge in another Chamber.   

OBSERVAT. IV. Concerning the Temper, and Disposition of Henry the Great.  
THe Servants that were most intimate with this Prince, have always taxed him with want of Gratitude, and not rewarding those that were most Faithful and Loyal to him, which Monsieur d'Aubigny very smartly expressed; for when the King had given him his Picture, as a particular Reward and Favour, he was so bold as to writ these Verses under it.  

Ce Prince est d'etrange Nature,  
ye ne sçai qui Diable l'a fait;  
Car il récompense en Peinture  
Ceux qui le servant en effet.   

This Prince is of a very odd Nature,  
Who the Devil made him so?  
Though he's substantially served by his Creature,  
He only rewards him with shadow and show.   
But yet we may see an extraordinary Instance of his Liberality in the Present he made of his House at 
* The Arrow.  La Fleche to the Jesuits, which is the noblest College they have in France. Of this College and another called L'Arc, or the Bow, which they have at Dole, in Franche Comté, one who was no Friend to their Order, made this Distich, 
Arcum Dola dedit Patribus, dedit Alma Sagittam  
Gallia; quis funem quem meruere dabit?  
Dole gave the Bow, France did the Arrow bring;  
But who shall give what they deserve, the String?   
The Jesuits answered in French to this purpose, 

L'Arc & la Fleche sont à nous  
Prêts à décocher contre vous,  
Mais pour ce qui est de la cord  
ell est à vous, ye vous l'accorde.   

The Bow and the Arrow we have,  
Which we are ready to shoot against you  
To you the String we will leave,  
Because we think it your due.   

Which was answered.   

L'Arc & la Fleche vous avez  
De la France & de l'Espagne;  
Mais pour la cord vous l'aurées  
Du Roi de la Grande Bretagne.   

The Arrow you from France did gain,  
The Bow was given you by Spain:  
But we hope from England's King  
You'll have what fits you best, the String.    
But if Henry the Great did not bestow his Rewards so liberally as his Predecessor Henry the Third, who said, he only shared the whole Kingdom with his beloved Servants, yet he had another quality, which, in some measure, made amends for his want of Liberality, which was, that he patiently endured his Servants Complaints and Reproaches without being angry. And there is a remarkable Instance of it; for once when Monsieur La Force and D'Aubigny, two of his favourites, lay together in a Field-bed, near his Majesties Bed, Mr. D'Aubigny thinking the King had been fast asleep, began as he usually did, to complain of the King's Ingratitude, very often repeating to La Force, who was just dropping asleep, and snoring, Sir, our Master is the basest and most ungrateful Fellow upon the face of the Earth; and as the other who was slumbering, only replied, What sayst thou, D'Aubigny? The King, who was awake, and heard this goodly Dialogue, cried out, La Force, harken a little; dost thou not hear what D'Aubigny says? how that I am the basest and most ingrateful Fellow upon the face of the Earth: And yet, for all this, he never mentioned it to either of 'em ever afterwards. He was extremely pleased with Raillery, and a thing well and home said; of which there are several Examples in his History, but this I have not red, which is that in that time there was a severe Song made upon the Clergy of France, called, La Vache à Colas, or Nick's Cow,( or may be, like Colly my Cow;) which was burnt at Paris by the Hangman, and all people of what quality soever, were forbid singing it, but the Prohibition made it be sung the more. One day, when the King was in the Louvre with some Courtiers about him, the Duke de la Force, then Captain of the Guards, came towards the King in great hast, the Count de Grammont, who was his mortal Enemy, was by, who, to abuse him, sung these Words aloud, 

Voicy venir la Force,  
Qui vient à grand Force,  
Voir la Vache à Cola,  
Fa, la, la, &c.   

Here comes la Force  
With all his Force,  
To see Nicklis's Cow.    
The King was pleased with this, and made it be repeated when La Force was come to them, who immediately addressing himself to Grammont, who was counted a cuckolded by all the Court, 

less Cornes de la Vache  
Serviront de Panache  
A Grammont queen Voila,  
Fa, la, la, &c.   

The Cows horn  
For a Plume, may adorn  
Grammont, that stands there,  
When he feathers will wear,  
Fa, la, la, &c.    
The King, turning to Grammont, cried, Ventre St. Gris, Thou art paid home; and they say, that this disgusted Grammont, to that degree, that he immediately left the Court, and never appeared there more. But to return to our Henry, his faithfullest Friends have thought his Love for his Mistresses was too violent; for it was to that degree, that to enjoy one of them, which is reported to be the fair Gabrielle d'Estrée, before he was married to Mary de Medicis, be took some of his own Blood to sign a Promise of Marriage; but Monsieur de Sully, superintendant of the Finances, or Treasurer, seeing that Writing, tore it before the King's Face, the King saying, Ventre St. Gris, I believe you are mad; yes, Sir, replied Sully, but would to God I were the only Mad-man in the Kingdom. Another time Madam D'Entragues made him promise to give her 50000 Crowns the first time he lay with her, and going out of this noble Mistress's Lodging, and seeing Monsieur de Sully in the antechamber, telling out the Sum, asked him, who that money was for? Sully answering, it was for Madam d'Entragues, says the King, Ventre St. Gris, this is a damnable dear Nights Lodging. Indeed Demosthenes said of Thais the Courtizan, Tanti Paenitere non emo: They say he committed several mean things to come at his Mistresses, sometimes disguising himself like a Country Fellow, sometimes like a Porter or Labourer, to get at them with more ease.  
In point of Religion, he was justly counted by all Europe a more Turn-coat: He was born a Roman catholic; but Jane, Queen of Navarre, his Mother, secretly instiling into him the Principles of the Protestant Religion, he afterwards made open profession of it at rochel, and was there declared the Protector of the Protestant Churches in France. At the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, to save his Life, he was forced to change again, but it was only in appearance; for two years after he fled from the Court, and being come to Alenson, he abjured the Papist Religion, and continued a Protestant till he came to the Crown. He used to say, Ventre St. Gris, the Crown of France sure is worth a Mass; but as his Heart did not go along with his Mouth, when he saw others follow his Example, he used to tell them, Why do you change? you have no Crown to gain. However, some time after he quiter changed his Mind, by the jesuits Endeavours, that were about him, especially Father Cotton, whom he had great Confidence in. For a few days before his murder, going to Fountain-bleau, and the Regiment of Guards with him, it began to rain very hard, and therefore letting his Guards march before, he stayed behind alone with Monsieur de la Force, who was a Protestant and his Favourite, and talking familiarly with him of the two Religions, he spoken these Words with a great air of Sincerity, My good Friend, the Roman Religion is not so full of Idolatry as I thought it was heretofore. Which plainly shows that he was no longer indifferent, but firmly persuaded of the truth of that Religion.  
This Great Prince was so very sensible of the Malice of Catharine de Medicis, that he used to say to his Confidents, There are four things when I think of them, that fright me, Catharine's magic Glass, her Clock, her Bed, and St. Bartholomew's Massacre, which was contrived by her and her Son the Duke of Anjou, after King of Poland, and then King of France, who, for his Device, used to give two Crowns, and a third pointed with Stars, with this Inscription, Manet ultima Coelo. And upon the front of the Louvre, Triplicem dabit ille Corona. To which was satirically added, Tertia sic dabitur, tenuit velut ante secundam.  
The day that this potent Monarch was stabbed at Paris, in the Street of the Feronnerie, there happened a surprising thing in Bearn. As the Duke de la Force's Son, who was Vice-Roy of Navarre, was walking with abundance of Gentlemen, by the little River of Pau, all the Cows that were in the Meadows, at the same time, ran with an extraordinary violence, so that it was impossible to stop them, and threw themselves headlong into the Pau, and were drowned. This was looked upon as a Prodigy; and the Vice-Roy observed the time and hour that it happened, very exactly, as thinking it might presage some Disaster; and so it happened, for a few days after there came an Express of that execrable Parricide committed upon the King's Person, at the very same hour the Cows drowned themselves. The reason of this is, the Cows are part of the Arms of Navarre where this happened.  
But while this gallant Prince designed great things, and had raised a numerous Army, he was barbarously murdered by Ravaillac, in the Month of May, and the Year 1610. which, in few words, happened after this manner.  
He went from the Louvre to visit the Duke of Sully at the Arsenal, who was sick, and passing through a Street near St. Innocent's Church-yard, which then was very narrow, called the Feronnerie; his Coach meeting with Hay-carts, was stopped: And the Footmen that ran by the sides, were forced to quit it: At this moment the Monster Ravaillac got near the Coach, and setting his Foot upon one of the Wheels, struck the King( who sat at the end of the Coach, and then leaned upon the Duke ' d'Espernon) with a Knife, which leaning stretched his Body, and made him lie so open, that it proved mortal. The King cried, I am hurt, and then Ravaillac stabbed him again into the very Heart. He never spoken after the second stroke, but only fetched a great Sigh, and groaned a little. So that this Verse of Virgil was very well applied to him.  Vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras. 
Monsieur de la Force, who sat next him, took hold of him, and endeavoured to help him as well as he could, holding his Handkerchief upon his Wound, from whence the Blood gushed out in great quantity, but all in vain; for he was already gone. Thus lamentably died this brave Prince.    

OBSERVATIONS Upon the GOVERNMENT OF LEWIS XIII. surnamed the JUST.  

OBSERVAT. I. Concerning the Government of Mary de Medicis, Queen Regent of France, in the Minorit of Lewis the Thirteenth.  
IMmediately after the Death of Henry the Fourth, his Queen Mary de Medicis was declared Regent or Protectress of the Kingdom during the Minority of Lewis the Thirteenth, notwithstanding all the Opposition of the Princes of the Blood, who disputed and opposed her Authority. The first Action of her Government, was the terrible Execution of Ravaillac. But since it is described at large in the Histories of those times, I will only mention two Particulars that they are silent in. The first is, That this abominable Parricide was approved of at the Court of Rome; and some there are that affirm, his Picture was placed among those that are accounted Martyrs. The other, That the Judges that took his Examination and Confession, were so troubled and frighted at his Depositions, that they took an Oath of secrecy among themselves, never to disclose the particulars that this abominable Monster had discovered. Which has afforded great matter of enquiry to those that were curious and inquisitive in this Affair: But whenever any enquiry was made of the Judges themselves, they returned no Answer, but lifted up their Shoulders, and hung down their Hea●s.  
Among other of Ravaillac's Answers, once he spoken to the marshal de la Force, and  told him, Sir, you have twice hindered me from killing the King: And, indeed this Lord has since said, That he very well remembers, that he thrust him by once when he was approaching the King's Person, observing something very Fatal, and Malevolent in his looks.  
At the beginning of the Queens Government, the Princes, and great Men, began to Cabal, and make Parties against her. She had several secret Meetings at Paris; but their Projects taking Wind, the Duke of Bouïllon, who was of the Party, and one of the most refined Politians of his time, advised them all to leave Paris; not at all doubting but the Queen would secure them all, to prevent a Civil War. The Prince of Conde, and the rest Answered him, and said, The Queen durst not undertake a thing of that Consequence. Very well, Gentlemen, you may do as you please, but, as for me, I'll immediately get a Horse-back, and ride away to save myself in Silk-stockings; but if they make me wear out a pair, I swear, I'll make them wear a 100 pair of Boots. And so it proved; for the Queen no sooner had intimation of his flight, but she apprehended and imprisoned the Princes, which did not contribute a little to the Establishment of her Power; though it was then said as a Jest, or Quibble, That the Queen must needs be very ill, since she was not able to take her Bouïllon, which signifies a mess of Broth.  
In this minority of Lewis XIII. Mary, Queen Regent, who Governed all things, only acted as she was managed by the the Marquis of anchor her great Favourite. It was usually said then, that France, compared to a Ship, was very safe, since it was at anchor; to which was applied this Verse of Virgils Aeneis, lib. 6.  Anchora de prorâ jacitur, stant littore puppes. 
But others there were, who maliciously Explained this Verse, to the scandal of the Queens Person; who, to say truth, only lived for Mons. d'Ancre.  
During this Regence, when the Princes and great Men were either Imprisoned, or Banished, the Governors of the Provinces, who were all very affectionate for his Majesties Service, were retired to their several commands, to keep all things in Peace and Quietness. At this time it happened, that the Jews and Moors, who before had enjoyed Peace and Liberty; but for the horrible Crimes, real, or imaginary, that they committed against the Glory of Christianity, were expelled by the King of Spain out of his Dominions. There went across the straight of Gibraltar into afric, about 300000, and over the Pyrenean hills the like number; but as these would pass the Mountains, to go through Bearn, where the marshal de la Force was 'vice Roy, the Jews and Maranes, or Moors begged liberty of Passage, and offered him a Ducat a Head: The 'vice Roy, who was very firm to the Orders and Interest of the Queen, would do nothing in it of his own Authority, but dispatch an Express to her, Declaring how the matter stood, to know her Pleasure, and if she would make her advantage of what they offered, for their Passage. The Queen who had a great value and esteem for him, permitted it, and let him know he might make what advantage he pleased for himself. And every thing was disposed for their passing the River Pau in Boats, on the side of which was an empty Boat, into which every Passenger threw in his Ducat. As some Thousands were already passed, the 'vice Roy came in Person, with some of his chief Followers; and seeing these Passengers all in Rags and Tatters, and with miserable Pale and Lean Countenances; he was so much moved to Compassion, that he cried out, I will have none of the money of these Unfortunate People, and, as for that already in the Boat, share it among you. This Passage of theirs lasted 2 or 3 Weeks, and they were no sooner out of the bounds of his Government, but the Persons that he had sent to convey them,  told him, That all their Rags and Torn clothes were quilted full of pieces of Gold; so that they were called the Gibeonites of the Age; and the V. R. very much repented he had employed his Pitty so ill, and was only laughed at at Court for it.  
The Marquis of anchor, as we have said, by the Favour of the Queen Regent, had all the Authority to his Death: But at length Lewis growing up, and being sensible of the dishonour this Italian favourite did to the Royal Family, he caused him to be killed in the Court of the Louvre, in the midst of a 100 Gentlemen, that were about him in manner of a Guard. The Duke of Vitry killed him; but before he did it he would have repeated Orders, and very exact, from his Majesty. Sir, said he, is it your absolute Will and Pleasure it should be done? The King then talked a while privately, with the Marquis of Montpouïllan, who was then his chief Favourite; and he came to Mons. de Vitry, and said, The King our Master is not a Prince that delights in Blood; but for the Honour and Good of his Kingdom, he would have his commands Executed, if the Marquis of anchor offers to resist, or lay Hand on his Sword; he then immediately went about it, and Pistolled him. Thus ended the Favour and Life of this Italian, who while he lived was called the Second Sejanus; and, indeed, he was used as the First was, after he was dead; for his Body was drawn Ignominiously about the Streets of Paris, and torn to pieces; his Family likewise shared his misfortune, his Wife being put to Death for a Sorceress.  
The state of Affairs was very wavering for several Years; the Queen being in a great Consternation, the King had no other Favourite but the Marquis of Montpouïllan, who quiter threw himself out by advancing two Gentlemen of Provence, who were so very Poor, that they had but one Cloak between them; so that one was forced to stay at home, when the other went abroad. That which gained them the King's Favour, was their great skill in Hawking, which was the chief Pleasure the King took; who, notwithstanding there being introduced by Mons. de Montpouïllan, yet they contrived to out him, which was done after this manner.  
There being then Civil Wars in France, about Religion, and the Marquis his Father being General of the Protestant Party in Guyenne, as the Duke of Rohan was in Languedoc. Messieurs de Luynes, made their advantage of it, and put the King into an ill Opinion of the Marquis, persuading him that it was not fitting he should be the Kings Favourite, whose Father was a Rebel, and an Enemy to the King's Religion and State. The King being thus wrought upon, called the Marquis of Montpouïllan, and commanded him to leave the Court, and go to his Father. The Marquis replied, after this manner; Sir, after all the Goodness that I have received from you, and so many Favours, Will you reduce me to such a terrible extremity? I have no share in my Fathers Actions, and you yourself are a Witness of my Innocence and Loyalty; I had rather die than take up Arms against your Majesty: Permit me to retire into England, or where else you will be pleased to appoint; or let me go into Normandy and live a retired life. But the King would hear nothing, and in great Anger, replied, He would have him get him to his Father. The young Lord with great Grief obeied him: And, after he was gone, the elder of the two Luynes had such an ascendent over the King, that he was made Constable of France; but as he was very malicious, he made the King go in Person, to the War in Guyenne, that he might utterly destroy his Benefactor. This young Lord seeing himself so basely used, became like a raging Mad-man, and Fought without any Mercy, or giving Quarter, only he always kept a great respect for the King, his Master; which he made appear, upon an occasion when he could easily have taken the King Prisoner; for he would not suffer his Men to fire upon the Vanguard; but the King being passed, and out of danger, he cut all the rear in pieces. And for his greater fatisfaction, he heard of the Constables Death: As soon as he understood this News, he cried out, Now I am content to die, I shall die satisfied; and so it happened, for some time after, while he defended the Town of Tonneins, making a Sally he routed his Enemies, but received a Wound with a Pike, which killed him.   

OBSERVAT. II. Concerning the Administration of Cardinal Richelieu, under Lewis the Thirteenth.  
IT was Mary de Medicis, the Queen Regent, that advanced Cardinal Richelieu, and made his Fortune, for he was very much esteemed of by her, whilst he was only Bishop of Luçon; but she was very ill requited by him, for the Cardinal having got an absolute Power over the King's Will, he carried matters to that extremity, that he made him Banish his Mother, and his Brother, the Duke of Orleans; upon which this Distich was made against the King.  

Turca necat Fratrem, Nero Matrem, Gallus utrumque;  
Et quid erit Gallus? Turca Neróque simul.   

The Turk his Brother, Nero his Mother slay;  
What's Lewis then? Both Turk and Nero too.   
The Queen Mother retired to Cologne, where she died the Third of July, 1642. And upon the common story, that the Bodies of the Three Wise Men, the Kings that came from the East to Worship and Offer to Jesus Christ, are in this City; and this poor Queen forsaken, and injured by her own Son; and assisted and maintained by Two Kings, her Sons in Law; this Epigram was made.  

trees mihi depulsae donabant munera Reges.  
Aurum Castiliae qui pia Sceptra tenet,  
Qui Regit avulsos Romana seed Britannos  
Argentum, Myrrham tu mihi nate dabas.   

Though banished, from Three Kings I presents had,  
And his in Gold, the Pious Spaniard made;  
Silver of him, from Papal Bondage free;  
But Son I had only bitter Myrrh from thee.   
But to return to Cardinal Richelieu. It was after the taking of Rochell, that his Power was at the highest pitch. For that Town had been often Besieged, but was never taken; and, it was therefore usually called the Maiden City of France, and indeed the taking of it was generally esteemed the Cardinals Master-piece: The King himself was very often of Opinion, that they should raise the Siege, and not obstinately lie before a Town that was Impregnable. But the Cardinal alone continued firm to his purpose, and publicly said, That he would either Conquer, or Die before Rochell.  
The Cardinal acquired Immortal Glory by the Digue, or Mole, that he made in the Sea, which deprived the Rochellers of that assistance they used to receive by Sea; so that they, after all the Defence that was possible to be made, and all that was possible to be endured by Man, at last, forced by insupportable Famine, they yielded. It was said, this dam, or Mole, was contrived in imitation of that made by Alexander, when he Besieged Tyre, and joined it to the Main-land. Several about the Court foresaw, that this Town being taken, the Cardinal would quickly be absolute Master of France; and that, being of a very revengeful Temper, he would take off all his Adversaries. Mons. de Bassompiere, who was one of them said, I believe we shall be mad enough to take Rochell.  
Under the Government of this Cardinal, Wit and Learning were very much valued; he took great satisfaction in advancing Persons that were Learned, and recompensed nobly all Ingenious productions of Wit and Gallantry, especially if they were made extempore; whereof we will instance one or two Examples. He had for his Arms two Chevrons, or broken pieces of Wood, so called in Heraldry; and among other Latin Verses, a Poet presented him with, there was this, Fracta licet sint ligna ferunt fastigia Regni.  
He found it so well turned, and it pleased him so much, that he gave the Author 
* Dix-mille Francs.  a Thousand lb for it: And another time he was Compared to the first Mover of the Sphere, and was called the Primum Mobile, or first Mover of France, by this Inscription about his Picture: Et quo movente caetera moventur, & quo agent agunt, & quo quiescente quiescunt. With which he was so much taken, that he gave him a very good Ecclesiastical bnfice that presented him with this Encomium, in a Dedication. But this great genius was not only the maecenas of the Learned, but he took a great deal of Pleasure in Criticising their Works, but chiefly French Poets; and this is an instance, when meeting with these Verses, describing Ducks in the Water.  

La can s'humectoit dans la bourbe de l'eau,  
D'une voix enroüée & d'un battement d'aîle  
Animoit le Canard qui languit auprés d'elle.   

With a hoarse quacking noise, and Wings fluttering high,  
She rouses the Drake that swims sluggishly by.   
The Cardinal, out of a piece of criticism, said to the Poet, Sir, you would have done better to put Barbotoit, that stirs up, rather than rouses; it would be much properer, and I advice you to put it in. The Poet, out of humour, replied, My Lord, I won't change, nor alter my Piece, what I have written I am sure is very well writ: But, says the Cardinal, Sir, I'll reward you very well, only satisfy me in it. The Poet very positively, and much in love with his own judgement, flat and plainly refused him, which angered the Cardinal to that degree, that he used him like a Rogue, and caused him to be thrust out of Doors. But just upon this comes in an ambassador from a foreign Prince, who very Ingeniously Complemented his Eminence, in extoling the great Power he had in France; but he interrupted him with these Words, No, my Lord ambassador, do not think so, my Power is not so great as you imagine; for a little nasty Poet, do whatever I could, would not so much as put one Word instead of another, by which, you may easily see my Authority is not so great as it is esteemed. The worst quality that this Cardinal had, was to destroy, without Mercy, his Enemies, and all those that opposed his Grandeur, or the establishment of his Fortune. This was the only reason, why he caused the Marshal de Marillac, without any other cause, and the Duke of montmoremcy, who was the Love and Joy of France, Monsieur St. Marc & de Thou, who never Trangressed their Duty. And this Grotius learned by Remark in his Abridgement of the Cardinals Life and Death, just after his decease; Marillia cum summa injustitia, Montmorencium summo jure, Sanmarcium jure cum injuria, Thuanum, jure vel injuria, capite plecti volvit. As for Monsieur Marillac, it was openly declared through all France, that his Innocence was wronged, and that the Cardinals Jealousy alone was this great Man's Executioner. In regard of Monsieur de montmoremcy, Marshal and Admiral of France, it was confessed, that the lion and Mars of France was destroyed, to her irreparable loss.  

Mars est mort, il n'est plus queen poudre,  
Et ce grand Phoenix des Guerriers,  
Sous une forêt de Lauriers  
N'a sçû se garentir du foudre:  
Sa trame vient d'étre coupée,  
Au regret de tout l'Univers:  
Il ne vit plus queen dans nos Vers,  
Et par ce qu'a fait son Epée.  
Toy qui less lis, & ne sçait pas  
De kill façon le trépas  
Emporta cette Ame guerriére,  
Ces deux Vers t'en feront savant,  
La parque l'a price par derriére;  
N'osant l'attaquer par devant.   

The Mars of France is dead, we see  
Great montmoremcy is no more;  
Nor was the Hero Thunder free,  
Although he Groves of Laurel wore.  
Whilst all Mankind his Fortune grieves,  
That his untimely Race is run;  
He only in our Verses lives,  
And by what his Sword has done.  
Reader, if thou fain wouldst know  
How he received this dire disgrace;  
Behind him came the fatal blow,  
Death durst not look him in the Face.   
Monsieur St. Marcs & de Thou, after Process made against them at lions, were Sentenced to be Beheaded; the first, for Caballing with the Spaniards, and some Princes, not only against the King's, but against the Cardinal's Life; who had raised him, and made him the King's Favourite: The latter, for not revealing his Friends Secret, although he endeavoured to dissuade him from that fatal design; which occasioned this Epigram.  

Morte pari periere dvo, said dispari causa,  
Fit reus iste tacens, fit reus ille loquens.  
Both died alike, but for a different reason,  
One for concealing, t'other for speaking Treason.   
But, yet the cause of Monsieur de Thou's Death, is not to be imputed to the Crimes he was accused of, but to some passages in his Fathers History, where one of Cardinal Richelieu's Ancestors is represented, as one of the wickedest of Men, as may be seen in the 633, 639, and 640 pages of that excellent History. They say, this Cardinal was by these innocent Persons, cited to appear before the Tribunal of God. When he died, he was butted in the Sorbonne; and Monsieur de Thou's Sister seeing the Cardinal's Tomb there, she cried out in the Words of Lazarus his Sister, in the Scripture: Domine si fuisses bîc, Frater meus non fuisset mortuus: O Lord, if thou hadst been here, my Brother had not died. It was observed, that Monsieur de Thou was put to Death, upon the occasion of Monsieur St. Marcs, of the Family of Defiat; this was said upon it, Si par un sole Fiat, tout a éte fait, par un sole Defiat Thou, ou tout a eté defait. The Quibble does not hold in English, nor may be is it worth while, if by one fiat, all things were made, so by one Defiat, Thou or tout, all was destroyed.  
The vindicative Temper of this great politician was predominant in all his Actions, but this is an Instance observable enough. The King( whose absolute govering Genius the Cardinal was) being very sick, and given over by the Physitians, Monsieur de Guise, montmoremcy and Bassompierre, who aimed at governing the Kingdom, if once they could take off the Cardinal, were discoursing how they should get rid of him, the Duke of Guise first declared his Opinion, which was this, Do not let us kill the Cardinal, because he is a Prince of the Holy Church; let us sand him to Rome to say his Breviary, or his Prayers, with the other Cardinals. The Duke of montmoremcy, who was of a more violent Temper, said, They must take off his Head, as an Enemy to public Peace and the Common Good; but said Bassompierre, Let him not be banished the Kingdom, nor sent to Rome; for there he will be always Caballing and Contriving Mischief against France; he added besides, That Ecclesia abhorret à sanguine, The Church abhorred Blood, and that by no means he should be beheaded; but it was fit he should be imprisoned in the Bastille, and there he might have time and leisure enough to writ good Books, that might instruct Mankind. The Cardinal, who had his Spies listening every where, understanding their Project, resolved to make them suffer what they designed for him. For the King recovering, and he being greater than ever; he treated them after the same manner; for the Duke of Guise he caused to be banished, and commanded to retire to Rome, where he stayed till the Cardinal's Death. The Duke of montmoremcy was beheaded. As for Monsieur de Bassompierre, he laid him up in the Bastille, and being more a Man of Wit than Action, he had time and leisure enough there to writ, what Books he pleased; for there he remained till the Cardinal died, as the Verses note that were made upon his Anagram.  

FRANCOIS de BASSOMPIERRE  
FRANCE, 
* I go out of my Prison.  ye sors de ma PRISON.  
Enfin sur l'arriere-saison  
La fortune d'Armand s'accorde avec la mienne;  
France, ye sors de ma prison.  
quamd son ame sort de la sienne,   

France know my Fortune, and Armand's agree  
When I regain my long wished Liberty,  
His eager Soul is from his 
* Prison.  Body free.   
So sure it is that Richelieu never spared any ones Life that attempted his, of which we will give an extraordinary Example. The Duke of Orleans, the King's Brother, was the Cardinals mortal Enemy; and Monsieur de Puylaurent, who was his Favourite, and turned him as he pleased, encouraged this hatred, and made him take a resolution to stab him with his own Hand. The Prince going to the Cardinal upon this design, no sooner approached him, but his Nose fell a bleeding; upon which, instead of doing him any harm, he  told him what his intention was, and begged his Pardon. Upon this, the Cardinal took his measures, and as a seeming instance of an extraordinary Favour to Puylaurent, he Married him to his Niece, Madam de Vieupont, but 'twas only with design to ruin him, as immediately he did; for in the midst of the Solemnities and rejoicings that were made for the Wedding, he arrested him Prisoner, and sent him to the Bastille, where some time after he was poisoned by a Priest in a mess of Broth. As soon as ever he had swallowed it, the Priest said to him, Sir, you must Confess your Sins; upon which, throwing the Porringer at his Head, he cried out, Wicked Villain! What did ever I do to thee? However, he Confessed and died a little after.  
After the Cardinal had dispatched his Favourite, fluttered he was then at the top of Fortunes-wheel, and was the sole Governor of the Kingdom; but because he always took care, as much to maintain his Power, as he did to obtain it; he excluded all those that were capable of opposing his Ambition, from the greatest Offices and Commands; and indeed in his time we find that the chiefest Military Employments were in the Hands of Church-men. As an Epigram tells us, made upon this occasion.  

Un Archevêque est Admiral, De bourdeaux.  
Un gros Evêque est Corporal, De charters.  
Un Prelât Président aux Frontieres, De Nantes.  
Un autre a des troops guerrieres, De lined.  
Un Capucin pense au Combat, P. Joseph.  
Un Cardinal a des Soldat, De la Valette.  
Un autre est Généralissime; De Richelieu.  
France, ye crains qu'icy bas,  
Ton Eglise si magnanime,  
Milite & ne triomphe pas.   

When an archbishop's Admiral, A. B. of board.  
And a fat Bishop's Corporal; Bp. of charters.  
Bp. of Nantes. One Governor of the Frontiers made,  
Bp. of lined. Another Armed Troops does led.  
We see an humble capuchin,  
Father Joseph. His pious mind to Wars incline.  
carded. de la Valette. Souldiers obey one Cardinal,  
And Richelieu is General.  
France, of her War- like Church, may justly vaunt,  
Though it Triumphs not, yet 'tis Militant.   
Though ever since Henry IV. it has always been the design of the Kings of France, to restore the Monarchy to its former Glory, and extend it to the ancient bounds: Yet, Cardinal Richelieu's grand design was to Unite the two Religions, that were professed by the French. To bring this about, he made use of Father Joseph, a capuchin friar, that was his Confessor, who Communicated this project of his, to the chief Ministers of the Protestant Religion in France, and came to this Agreement with them, That if the Protestants would comply with the outward Ceremonies of the Roman Church, she would be contented with, and leave them the Confession and Articles of Faith, that were owned by the Protestants; but this project came to nothing, by reason of the capuchins Death.  
This Joseph was, by every one, counted a very wicked Fellow, and being butted by another friar, called F. angel; this Epitaph was made for him.  

Passant, n'est ce pas choose étrange,  
De voir un Diable auprés d'un Ange?   

Do you think it not strange, all you that pass by,  
That a Devil so near, an Angel should lie.   
And because he died suddenly, without Confession, this other was made upon him.  

Sous ce Tombeau get un bon Pére,  
Qui eut taunt de discretion,  
queen pour être bon Secrétaire,  
Il mourut sans Confession.   

A cunning friar here lies below,  
Great was his secrecy, great his discretion;  
Who because a close Statesman himself he would show,  
He marched out o' th' World without any Confession.   
It's said, that after he was dead, they found under his course friars Gown a very fine Satin suit of Clothes. At that time the City of Brisac, upon the Rhine, was besieged, and very near taking; Cardinal Richelieu instead of Comforting and Assisting his capuchin, then in the Agony of Death, bawled out in his Ear, as loud as he was able, Courage, Father Joseph Brisac is taken. But this good News did not recover him from his Apoplexy, for a few Moments after he died; upon which was made this Distich.  

Itè cucullati, vobis si purpura ridet,  
Fungitur inferni Munere Pontificis.   

No wonder friars, that prelates mock you, know  
'Tis what th' Infernal Pope will do below.   
The Cardinal was very Sick when he cut off the Heads of Monsieur de St. Marcs and de Thou, so that by the Doctors Order he was carried into Houses through the Windows, which verified Nostradamus's prophesy, which was in these Words.  

* Mons. Saint Marcs is also written Cinque Marcs, or five Marks which is 40 Ounces.  quamd le Bonnet Rouge passera par fenestre,  
A quarante onces on coupera la tête.  
When the Red-cap shall go through the Windows, Forty Ounces shall be beheaded.  
It is worth noting, that Queen Mary de Medicis, these Noble Gentlemen, and Cardinal Richelieu died all in the same Year; and King Lewis XIII. lived so little a while after him, that this was applied to them, Quemadmodum se in vitâ dilexerunt, Ita in mortè non sunt separati. However, the King who was sensible that the Cardinal, even Usurped his Authority; at the News of his Death, he cried out, Now I am King again. Several Persons were of opinion, that the Cardinal, to be revenged of the King, who was consenting and assisting to the last Conspiracy against him, had given him a slow poison, whose Death he foresaw would happen at the same time that it did, which was conjectured by a very Eloquent Discourse, which was found among his Papers after his Death; in which he thanked the three Estates of the Kingdom, because out of the great esteem and value they had for him, they had chosen him Regent of the Kingdom. For it is certain that the Cardinal was esteemed the very Genius of France, and was reverenced like a Deity; a proof of which is, that, when Lewis XIII. making a solemn entrance into St. Quintin in Picardy, with his Brother the Duke of orleans, and the Cardinal going in the middle of them; there was presented to his Eminence a large Flag, or Standard, in which the King, Duke, and Cardinal were represented, drawn to the Life, with these Words in great Letters, 
Francia Gaude,  
Numine trino Quid libet aude.   
The extraordinary Ambition of this Cardinal, may be observed in his management to his Officers and Servants. He gave all of them, according to their Degrees and Merits, Estate enough to live at ease and quiet all their Days, but upon Condition, that they should not serve any Lord, or Prince whatsoever ever after; which was looked upon by all France, as one of the greatest pieces of Ambition that ever was. The Cardinal was no sooner dead, but every one was writing something upon him, reflecting upon his Person, or Conduct; but they were all out done by the Admirable Grotius, who, in an incomparable Epitaph gives us the Description, and Epitome of this great Man's Life.  

Epitaphium.  
A Sta Viator, quo properas?  
Quid usquam videbis hîc tegitur,  
Joannes Armandus Du Plessis de Richelieu.  
Clarus origine, Magnus ingenio  
Fortuna eminentissimus;  
Sacerdos in Castris,  
Theologus in aula,  
Episcopus sine plaebe;  
Cardinalis sine titulo,  
Rex sine nomine;  
Unus tamen omnia:  
Naturam habuit in numerato.  
Foelicitatem in Consilio.  
Aerarium in peculio;  
Victoriam sub signis,  
Socios in procinctu,  
Amicos in Carcere.  
Cives in servitute,  
In hoc uno miser,  
Quod omnes miseros fecit,  
Tam saeculi sui tormentum quàm ornamentum.  
Poëta purpuratus,  
cvi scena mundus.  
Gloria Siparium  
Regia casa corugium fuit.  
Afflixit Hispaniam,  
Cepit Flandriam,  
Turbavit Lotharingiam,  
Vastavit Germaniam,  
Fovit Angliam,  
Lusit Europam;  
Post regnum testamento suis distributos  
Dissipatos Principes,  
Nobilitatem ferro, ac suppliciis exhaustam,  
Paupertatem populo imperatam,  
Cum fatiscente corpore animum  
Grandioribus consiliis aegrè vegetaret,  
Derepentè spirare desiit, & timeri.  
O fluxa mortalitas!  
Quàm tenue momentum es!  
Inter omnia & nihil  
Mortui corpus rheda extulit,  
Secuti pedites, equitesque  
Magno numero,  
Faces praetulerunt Ephaebi,  
Crucem nemo;  
Quia currus vehebat publicam  
Inter Theologos,  
Situs ingens disputandi  
Argumentum,  
Fidem Regi servavit,  
Spem vivis reliquit,  
Charitatem ab haeredibus abstulit  
Quo migravit, Sacramentum est,  
Hoc te volui Viator hic te metire  
Et ab eundo roga  
Ut vixit in bello, sic requiescat in place.   
This is thought a great piece of Arrogance to Translate, and indeed the Beautiful Original cannot well be copied in any other Language.  
This is another, playing upon his Name.  
Hic jacet Armandus ni nos vexasset Amandus  
Hic jacet Armandus si non armasset Amandus.  
This passage of Isaiah was ingeniously applied to him.  
Hic jacet Vir qui conturbavit terram,  
Qui concussit Regna.  
Qui posuit orbem desertum & urbes ejus destruxit.  
Vinetis ejus non aperuit carcerem.  
In short, he was not spared at all after his Death, for there were Epitaphs made that accused him of keeping, and lying with his own niece; whereof these are some.  

Vous tous qui admirez less faits de Richelieu,  
Ne mettez plus ainsi vôtre ame à la torture,  
Pour sçavoir s'il étoit home, Ange, Diable, ou Dieu;  
Sa Niéce vous dira kill étoit sa nature.   

All you that Richelieu's Deeds admire,  
Your Fancies you need no longer Fire.  
To know if he were Angel fiend, or human Creature;  
For his niece can best give account of his Nature.   

Autre.  
Dessons ce tombeau get icy  
L'Oncle, le Pére & le Mary.  
Icy get dessous ce tombeau,  
Le Cardinal, la bonne piéce,  
On en eut fait un Saint Nouveau,  
S'il n' eût point baisè sa Niéce.   

Another.  
This very Tomb here does enclose  
The Uncle, Father, and the Spouse;  
Even Cardinal Richelieu, who might have been Sainted,  
If he had not so well with his niece been acquainted.  
He Miracles wrought with his handsome Relation,  
'Tis a wonder! they hindered his Canonization.   
And it was generally believed he had had two Children by her, who were sent into the Isle of Broüage, though the following Epitaph tells us the contrary.  

Icy get ce grand Cardinal,  
Qui ne fit jamais queen du mal;  
C'est un honour de la nature,  
Qu'il est mort sans progeniture.   

Here the great Cardinal lies still,  
Who, whilst he lived did nothing but ill:  
We're beholding to Nature that he's last of his kind,  
And has left us none of his vile race behind.   
That which was made upon his designs upon the Papacy is something indecent indeed, but to comprehend it the better, we must understand that the disease he died of was a horrible gangrene in his Fundament, when he had just taken physic, and was then upon the Close-stool. It is not possible, or it may be not reasonable to express the Quibbles and Equivocations of another Language in ours, where all such stuff is counted, as really it is, the worst way of trifling; but the sense of our Author is something to this purpose.  

Cy get, qui d'un esprit perverse,  
Sans se souvenir qu'il fuit home,  
Se promettoit tout l'Univers  
Par la possession de Rome;  
Il aspiroit par vanité  
A quoy il n'êtoit pas utile,  
Dieu voulant queen la Papauté  
Aux Fideles servît d'azile;  
Car sur un si mauvais & pourri fundament,  
L'Eglise se fut renversée,  
Et en chiant à tout moment.  
Du S. Siége il eût fait une chaise percée.   

An Ambitious vile Wretch lies under this Tomb,  
Who designed to rule all by possessing of Rome:  
But his purposes quiter were defeated he found,  
For the Church could not stand on such rotten Ground.  
And he shitting at all times, and every where  
would have made a Close-stool of St. Peter's Chair.   
The following Verses taxed him with an intent to Usurp the Kingdom, which has some kind of relation to his Harangue he designed for the Three Estates, found among his Papers after his Death.  

Martel, Capet & Du Plessis,  
Se sont trouvez tous trois assis  
Dessus le Trône de la France;  
less deux premiers l'ont usurpé,  
Au troisiéme il est échapé,  
Graces à Dieu & son Eminence.   

Three Men their Fortune did advance,  
To rule the mighty Realm of France;  
Martel, Capet and Richelieu,  
The first Two took it as their due:  
To th' Throne, the ' other did not climb;  
We only may thank God and him.    

OBSERVAT. III. Concerning the Life and Temper of Lewis the Thirteenth.  
LEwis the Thirteenth being born under the Celestial Sign of Libra, or balance, the Emblem of Justice; was surnamed the Just, for many reasons; his conduct being always accompanied with Justice. It is said, that the greatest Happiness this King ever had, was to meet with that powerful and admirable Genius of Richelieu, to govern his Kingdom, who was not only a true French-Man, but one that had an ardent passion of augmenting his Princes Glory. And, it's believed, that this Mans memoirs are the Model of all the great Enterprises, that are aimed at in our Days. As for the King himself, because of his mean Spirited inclinations, he was very little esteemed by his People. One of his notable diversions once was, that he made a great pastry, which he filled with the flesh of wolf, Dog, Fox, and several other unclean Creatures; but he seasoned, and made it taste excellent well; upon this he made a splendid Treat for the Queens Maids of Honor, and the Kings pastry was placed upon the Table, in the middle of several good dishes of Meat: The Ladies, for the Credit of the Kings Royal pastry made with his own Hands, all eat of it with a very good Appetite, and found it exquisitely good; the King, all that while, and many Lords of the Court with him looked at them through a little Window, and found himself such excellent Diversion, that he made himself the May game of all the Court. He was counted a very cunning Dissembler, for when he had designed to ruin any Nobleman about him, he always used some Days before to show them more than ordinary kindness. In this very much resembling that Roman Emperor, thus mentioned by Tacitus. Princeps factus naturâ & consuetudine exercitus velare odium fallacibus blandimentis: So that all those Courtiers who understood any thing of the politics, and Management of the Court, when they saw the King Caress any of them more than usually, cried, Actum est de illo, His business is done.  
He took great delight in music, and Painting pleased him so extremely, that he drew several Pictures very much to the Life. But his most passionate desire was to extirpate the Protestant Religion out of his Kingdom, which was not so much encouraged by Cardinal Richelieu, as by the Jesuits. And in his Reign, that Party was very much weakened by the taking of rochel, St. Jean d'Angely, with several other Towns. And last of all, by the Capitulation of Montauban.  
Before he died, he had resolved to have Calvin's life examined, and a full process made of his Life, Behaviour and Conversation.  
Being upon his Death-Bed, he sent for those of the greatest Quality in the Kingdom, who were of the Protestant Religion, as Marshal Chatillon, Monsieur de la Force, &c. and applied himself to them in these Words, Cousins, you have always shewed so much Zeal and Fidelity for my Service, that I must thank you most affectionately; and the more to pay my acknowledgements to you, I conjure you to return to your Mother Church, which you quitted at the persuasion of some Arch-Hereticks. Indeed it is true, I have born with the continuing in these Sentiments, but do not think that ever any of my Successors will have the like Indulgence for you, as to suffer it.  
Curious Observers have found, that almost all this princes Favourites have either been Disgraced, or made Tragical ends. The first, was the Marquis of Montpouïllan, the second, the Constable de Luynes, who died as the Marquis did in Guyenne, at the War made for Religion. But the blind Observance that this good King always had for Cardinal Richelieu, occasioned this Epitaph.  
Cy get le bon Roy nôtre Maître,  
Louïs treize de ce nom,  
Qui fut vingt ans valet d'un Prêtre,  
Et pourtant acquit grand renom;  
Ouy chez autruy, mais chez luy non.  
The good honest King our Master lies here,  
Lewis the Thirteenth of that name,  
Who was slave to a Priest above 20 year;  
And yet he gained great famed:  
But 'twas only abroad they his greatness did tell,  
For his People at home understood him too well.    

OBSERVATIONS Upon the GOVERNMENT OF LEWIS XIV.  
The Administration of Cardinal Mazarine, during the Regency of and of Austria Queen Mother.  
KING Lewis XIII. being dead, and the Queen Mother declared Regent, 'twas with some difficulty, that Fortune declared her self in savour of Cardinal Mazarine. He had four competitors, who all aspired to the Ministry; the Chancellor Seguier, the Duke de la Meilleraye, who was General of the Artillery, and Father of the Duke of Mazarine, Monsieur Boutilier, and Monsieur Des Noyers; so that the Cardinals station was very wavering for some time, but at last he carried it from them all. After the Cardinal was established with an absolute Power, all his Competitors were ordered to leave the Court, that they might give him no occasion of suspicion; which went so much to their Hearts, that they almost all died very shortly after, of Grief and Vexation. A little after this, the Cardinal had a difference with Monsieur de Beaufort, he that was lost at Candia; and he was near outing and ruining the Cardinal, but he having so great an ascendent over the Queen, Triumphed over all his adversaries; and, as for this Prince he caused him to be sent to the Castle of Vincennes, where he was kept Prisoner, till he escaped out of it. An Astrologer of Paris, foretold the very Day that Monsieur de Beaufort should creep out of Prison; the Cardinal having notice of it, sent for the Astrologer that Day he affirmed the Prince should get out of Prison, and spoken to him after this manner; Well Mr. Astrologer, your Predictions are nothing else but vain Fables, Monsieur de Beaufort is still Confined, and strictly Guarded.  
My Lord, answered he, I will be bound to burn all my Books, and your Eminence shall hang me, if it does not come to pass the Day I foretold it is come indeed; but it is not past. And, in effect, a few Hours afterwards Monsieur de Beaufort, with the help of some Ropes that had been privately sent him, got out of a Window, and let himself down into the Castle Ditch, where he had a good Horse ready for him, and quickly escaped out of danger, to the astonishment of all the Court, and the great Reputation of the Astrologer. However, the Cardinal remained Master, notwithstanding all the vigorous opposition of the Princes against him, for his extraordinary cunning, with the Queens firm Resolutions, kept him safe in spite of all their endeavours. But the greatest danger that ever the Cardinal was in, was when he was solemnly condemned by the Parliament of Paris, who declared him a public Enemy, and disturber of the Peace of France; and set a Price of 50000 Crowns upon his Head, for any one that should bring him dead, or alive.  
So that he was constrained to give way to the Storm, and quit the Kingdom; and then the People used to say of him, Mazarine, pack up your Bag and Baggage and be gone; our Queen is come into her right Sences again.  
The rise of Cardinal Mazarine, was an extraordinary act of Fortune, for he was a very inferior Man of Business; but his address and success in several Negotiations, being once known to Cardinal Richelieu; he took him near his own Person, and found him so exquisitely cunning, that he usually said, If I went to cheat the Devil, I would only make use of mazarine's Tricks to do it. Thus being fixed in France, he became Richelieus faithful Slave, who some time after made him a Cardinal like himself; and upon his Death Bed recommended him as the greatest genius, and most capable of managing affairs of State. Yet his Condition and Fortune was very uncertain in the first Civil Wars, which were only made upon his account, and had not the Prince of Conde upheld him, he had been utterly ruined. Of this Prince, the Queen Mother, and Cardinal, it was said, The Prince undergoes all, the Queen suffers all, and the Cardinal does all. They relate a pleasant answer that the Queen made, when they  told her that the Swiss Army, under Monsieur d'Erlach, committed strange disorders; and that some Parties of them were got into a Nunnery, where they attempted very great insolences against the Honor, and Chastity of the Nuns: The Queen  told them, They are only Swisses, they would sooner run into the Cellars, than into the Nuns Bed-Chambers; and, so made but a trifle of it.  
As Cardinal Mazarine was assisted by the Prince of Conde in the first Civil Wars, so was he in the last by Monsieur Turenne, who, with a very indifferent Army resisted three powerful Armies, that all opposed the Cardinal; which were, the Prince of Condes, the Duke of Nemours, and the other of the Duke of Lorraine. At last, the King coming to Years of Majority, by his direction he Reigned very happily seven Years; but at length, so inconstant is Fortune, all that Reverenced and Adored him, became his mortal Enemies; and the greatest part of the Parliament of Paris made a Party against him, and banished him the Kingdom. He then was forced to give way to the Tempest, till other Troubles embroiling the State were over, and then he passed through the greatest part of France, with an Army that he brought to the Kings assistance, and met his Majesty at Poitiers. So that after all their endeavours, he still kept his Post, and against all Mens Opinion died in Peace and Honor; after his death this Distich was made on him.  
Occubuit tandem victrix haec purpura, nempe  
Docta fuit bello vivere, place mori.  
All his management in Government, was very like that of Cardinal Richelieu, unless it were that he aimed more at the Lives of People, than their Estates; and the other, quiter contrary, was so wedded to his Interest, that to enrich Himself and Family, he reduced France to extreme Misery and Poverty; and, therefore after the death of these two Ministers of State, it was said, 
Fata duos rapuere deuces Regnique Ministros;  
Abstulit ille bonos, abstulit ille bona.   
And against Cardinal Mazarine, were these Words, Julius Caesar Gallias subegit, quas Julius Mazarinus expilavit; which were explained by an Epitaph to this sense.  

Ci get queen la gout foüilla,  
Depuis less pieds jusqu'aux épaules.  
Jules non qui conquit less Gaules,  
Mais celui qui less dépoüilla.   

Here Julius lies, who did his Power advance;  
Not he that conquered, he that plundered France.   
And indeed he sent so vast a quantity of Treasure into Italy, that his Father amazed to see so much Gold, once cried out, I believe it reins pieces of Gold in France. Besides what was sent abroad, he left prodigious Estates to his Nephews and Nieces, especially to the Duke of Mazarine the Duke of Meillerayes Son, whom he made his Heir upon condition, that he should mary one of his Neices,( the duchess of Mazarine now in England) and quit his own Name to take that of Mazarine. The mighty Riches, whether well, or ill, gotten by the Cardinal, occasioned this Epigram.  

J'entens queen l'un did force mal  
Des designs, des faits & des veilles  
De ee célébre Cardinal,  
Et queen l'autre en did des merveilles;  
Pour moi ye ne décide rien;  
Mais quamd on count combien,  
L'Immense & l'incroyable somme  
J'en diray ces quatre mots,  
Qu'il falloit qu'il fût habille home,  
Et queen nous sums de grands Sots.   

Some speak ill of, others praise,  
The actions of the Cardinal;  
I will not decide the Case  
And can say nothing at all.  
But when we his Riches see,  
And how he the Kingdom Rules;  
He a great Man sure must be,  
And we all great Fools.   
But we need not wonder at his vast Riches, since he had the absolute disposal of the Treasure of the Kingdom, all the Kings Minority; and, as for the Young King himself, he so carried himself to him, that after his Eminence died, some body was so bold as to make this punning Epitaph.  

Dessous ce tombeau get un home  
Qui valoit moins qu'un sol à Rome,  
Mais queen l'on a vû dans Paris, 
* Le Roy, & le P. de Conde.  Val ir plus qu'un double  
Louis.   

Here lies butted in this Tomb,  
A Man not worth a Groat at Rome;  
But at Paris 'twas well known  
The same Man was worth a Crown.   
His unbounded Authority, the Vexations and Taxes that he loaded the Kingdom with, got him the hatred of the French People. So that he no sooner gave up the Ghost, but every body almost striven to testify how glad they were of it, by making satirical Pieces upon him: The smartest and best writ thing, is, this Latin Epitaph, so well known, which gives a full account of this Cardinal.  
HIC jacet  
Julius Mazarinus,  
Galliae Rex Italus,  
Ecclesiae Praesul Laicus  
Europae Praedo Purpuratus,  
Fortunam omnem ambiit & corrumpit,  
Aerarium administravit & exhausit.  
Civile bellum compressit, said commovit,  
Regis jura tuitus est & invasit.  
Beneficia possedit & vendidit.  
Pacem dedit aliquando, diu abstulit.  
Hostes cladibus, cives oneribus afflixit,  
Arrisit paucis, irrisit plurimos, omnibus nocuit,  
Negociator in Templo, Tyrannus in Regno,  
Praedo in Ministerio, Vulpes in Consilio,  
Grassator in bello, solus in place nobis hostis,  
Fortunam olim adversam aut elusit aut cincit:  
Et nostro saeculo vidimus adorari fugitivum,  
Imperare civibus exulem, regnare proscriptum,  
Quid deinde egerit rogas? paucis accipe.  
Lusit, fefellit, rapuit,  
Ferreum nobis saeculum induxit.  
Homo crudeliter Clemens!  
Pluribus tandem morbis elanguit,  
Plures ei mortes coelo irrogante decretas  
cvi Senatus olim, unam decreverat.  
Vincennis se arcibus inclusit moriturus  
Id unum apt fecit Julius, quaesivit carcerem,  
Diu cadentem animum retinuit aegrè reddidit,  
Sic retinere omnia, nihil reddere didicerat,  
Constanter tandem visus est mori. Quid mirum!  
Ut vixerat obiit simulans.  
Nec morbum quidem ejus novêre qui curabant,  
Hac una fraud nobis profuit, fefellit Medicos,  
Obiit tandem ni fallimur, & pie moriens,  
Regi regnum, Regno Regem restituit,  
Reliquit Praesulibus pessima exempla,  
Aulicis infida consilia,  
Adoptivo amplissima spolia,  
Paupertatem populis,  
Successoribus omnes praedandi artes, materiam nullam,  
Haeredes quos spreverat fecit  
Pauperes quos fecerat, sprevit  
Mirare Viator.  
Id unum habuit ex suo quod daret,  
Nomen suum,  
Pectus illi post mortem apertum est,  
Tunc primum patuit vafrum cor Mazarini  
Quod nec precibus nec lacrymis,  
Nec injuriis quidem moveretur.  
Quaesivimus: Invenêre Medici cor lapideum.  
Quo evasaerit forsitan rogas?  
Sacramentum est.  
Coelum si rapitur tenet,  
Si datur meritis, long abest;  
said quid te moror, Viator?  
Fallit nos iste tumulus;  
Fuge,  
Non est hic sepulcrum Praesulis,  
said specus Latronis.  
We should never make an end, if we should relate all the Satyrs made upon the Cardinals death, whom every body so hearty wished at the Devil; and the following Epigram supposes that the Devil did carry him away.  

Le Diable emportant Mazarine,  
Fait une covert sans second,  
S'il l'eût laissé jusqu ' à la fin  
Il eût fait damner tout le monde.   

The Devil was an Ass to seize Mazarine,  
It was much to his loss that he took him way,  
For he'd have helped him to damn Mankind,  
If on Earth he had let him but longer stay.   
To end this Chapter; all the good Fortune that France received by the Cardinals death, is owing to the college of Physitians, who put an end to all her troubles in doing Justice upon this pernicious Minister, according to these lines.  
Julius Occubuit, res esset mira, tot inter  
Carnifices, furem non potuisse mori.  
Julius is dead, nor is't a wonder, Sirs,  
One Thief should die  
amid so many Executioners.  
After the Cardinal, and Queen died, France began to enjoy the blessings of Peace, which they had been deprived of, almost all the time of the Cardinals Ministry; whose death occasioned this Epigram, in praise of the present King.  
Prenez courage, bons François,  
Vous allez vivre heureux sous le meilleur des Roys;  
Louis du grand Henry s'en va suivre less traces,  
Il joint l'art de régner  
A celui de charmer;  
A ce coup on le peut nommer,  
Le Maître de toutes less Graces.  
Somewhat to this purpose in English. 
Courage brave French, the best of Kings will Reign;  
Great Henry's actions he'll revive again.  
Happy you'll live; in this great Prince are joined  
A form majestic, and a mighty Mind,  
To charm, as well as govern, all Mankind.  And from that time, this Monarch began to show so vast a genius, and such an extraordinary Prudence, with so many other accomplishments, that he is accounted the Wonder of this Age.  

OBSERVAT. II. Upon the Inclinations, and Disposition of the present King.  
THis glorious Monarch, who has made so much Noise in the World, in his Youth shewed sufficiently how much he was addicted to his Mistress, and what weakness he was subject to in that kind. And the French, who take a pride to speak with all manner of freedom of their King,( though, at the same time, they have a profound respect for him, firmly fixed in their Hearts) have given him several touches in their Verses; these following are well enough known. 
Bella fugis, bellas sequeris, pugnaeque, repugnas.  
Et bellatori, sunt tibi bella Thori  
Imbelles imbellis amas Milesque videris  
Mars ad opus Veneris, Martis ad arma Venus.  [ Which consisting in equivocal playing upon Words. I think they'll lose what conceit is in them, if made English; nor has my Author taken the pains to tag the lines in French.] Yet, though these Verses are true in the first part, they are not so in the second; for the French tell us he had shewed wonderful Courage and Valour in all his surprising actions; his answer therefore in this Distich is very just.  
Bellas bellus amo,  
Martem Mars excita bella  
Bellator cupio, me quoque bella cupit.  
And although the two different Inclinations to Love and Glory, are in some measure incompatible; yet he has managed both of them so well, that he has given just cause of Admiration, to all that consider them. He has had several Mistresses, who were extremely beloved both before and since he Married the Infanta of Spain, Maria Theresa of Austria. The first Mistress, that he publicly owned after his Marriage, was Madam de la Valliere, whom he made duchess of Vaujour, and loved her so passionately, that the Queen, and Q. Mother grew so very Jealous of his extraordinary Love for that Mistress, that they all used their endeavours to remove it; there was no device, nor intrigue but they made use of, even to the interposing the Authority of Father Anat, a Jesuit, and the King's Confessor, to bring about this Design. The good Father did not need much entreaty, to make use of his Authority; and as he was the director of the Kings Conscience, he flattered himself that it would be much easier for him, than for any other to bring him to what they proposed: Whereupon he represented to him, but a little boldly, the Scandal and bad Effects that this way of Life caused, and the ill Impression it made upon the Minds of his People, if his Majesty did not reform; and, at the same time, he seemed to threaten him with a sharp Pennance at his next time of Confession. But it happened that this Discourse was very ill timed, for, as he did not, in the least, follow the Maxims of his Society, which are absolutely against such kind of Proceedings; so had he the misfortune to find that he had made his Court very ill, for the King coldly made answer, That he thanked him kindly for his good Advice, and his past Service; and that henceforward he'd make use of no other Confessor, but the person of the Parish. It's easily guessed how these Words agreed with the poor Confessor, and how the Society cursed him, for being so scurvy a Politician on such an occasion, which he might have improved, and made a notable advantage of, if he had but put in practise, what the succeeding Confessors of the same Order have done; for it is most certain, that by their extraordinary regard to his Majesty, upon the like occasions, they have merited those wonderful Testimonies of the King's Bounty, that he has, and daily does, gratify the Jesuits with; who, on their side, as a Mark of their acknowledgement, have in return placed the Kings Name, upon the Gate of one of their colleges, or Houses at Paris, against the inviolable Rules of their Order, which enjoin them to put the Name of Jesus on their Buildings; which they took away, as this Distich compliments them.  

Abstulit hinc Jesum posuitque insignia Regis.  
Impia gens, alium non habet illa Deum.   

They Jesus Name have ta'en from their abode,  
And placed the King's, he only is their God.   
But to return to Madam de la Valliere; she was quiter outed by Madam de Montespan, that succeeded her, who was the Kings Mistress a considerable time.  
They say that the Love la Valliere had for the King,( with the Vexation to see her self no longer his Mistress) forced her, contrary to her Inclinations, to turn Nun: Yet these Verses upon her embracing a Religious Life, sufficiently show she had better motives to it.  

Deux grands Roys pour m'avoir se sont fait une guerre,  
Dont l'un est. Roy du Ciel & l'autre de la Terre.  
Le Roy du Ciel Vainqueur me conduit en ce lieu,  
quell bon-heur est plus grand sur la terre & sur l'onde,  
queen de me voir aujourd'hui l'Epouze d'un grand Dieu?  
D'Amante queen j'etois du plus grand Roy du monde.   

For me the King of Heaven and Earth have striven,  
Which of the mighty two should gain my love:  
But conquering Heaven has brought me to this place.  
What Earthly Happiness can mine surpass?  
Since from the greatest princes Mistress, I  
Am now become Spouse, to the Deity.   
It is observed, that this famous Mistress, in the time of her Favour, was not so Ambitious as Montespan, for she preferred all her Kindred to those Honours, which they would never have arrived to by their own deserts. And her Brother, who was only Count de Vivonne, by her procurement was made Duke and Peer, and General of the Galleys, and Marshal of France; all which Marks of Grandeur make him one of the greatest Persons in the Kingdom, and it is so well known that he was made Marshal by mere Favour; for that once a Person of the first Quality speaking of the difference, between the Marshals de la Feüillade, and Vivonne, made this distinction, that the first was made Marshal by the Sword, and the other by the Scabbard.  
However, it was, Madam de Montespan very dextorously managed the advantage she had of being the Kings Mistress, though he had not that Passion for her, as was commonly believed; for it's reported, that a Chanoiness, or Nun of lorraine, called Madam du Lude, very often shared his Majesties Favours with her; upon which was made this Epigram.  

La Valliere étoit du commun,  
La Montespan de la Noblesse,  
Et la du Lude Chanoinesse,  
Toutes trois ne sont queen pour un,   

Mais sçavez-vous ce queen veut faire,  
Le plus puissant des potentates?  
La choose paroît assez claire,  
Il veut unir less trois Etats.   

La Valliere of common Race,  
Montespan of noble was,  
And du Lude a pious Nun,  
All for Mistresses are known.  
If you'd know the reason why  
These three his Fav'rites he Creates;  
Our great Prince has a mind to try,  
To unite the three Estates.   
Madamois. de Fontange was the Fortunate Lady that succeeded Madam de Montespan, but she enjoyed her Happiness not long, dying soon after: She was one that had much more Beauty than Wit. The Prince de Marsillac, now called Duke de la Roche Foucault, procured her for the King, for which he was made grand Veneur, or chief Hunts man of France, as these Verses tell us.  

Sur l'Ocean de la favour,  
Marsillac vogue en plcines voiles,  
Quoi qu'il ne soit pas bon Chasseur,  
Pour avoir mis la beste dans less toils,  
Le Roi l'a fait son grand Veneur.   

Marsillac with prosperous gales  
On Favour's Ocean smoothly sails;  
And, though unskilful in the Trade,  
Yet he is chief Hunts-man made:  
Perhaps in it he may excel,  
Because he finds out Game so well.   
Some people ascribe the cause of this lovely young Lady's Death to Madam de Montespan's Jealousy, because the Disease she died of was unusual or unnatural. But sure we ought to believe Madam de Montespan was far from committing a Crime of this soul nature, since she was employed in the testifying her Repentance by her pious Foundations; and to this very day she does the same; for sure it is that she and Madam de Maintenon, who, at present, perfectly govern the King's Inclinations, were those that first founded the Abbey of St. Cyr( scandalously called a Seraglio) for the Education of young Ladies, which occasioned this malicious Epigram.  

Deux de Partisannes de Cythere,  
L'ame éprise d'un saint désir,  
Du revenu de leurs plaisirs,  
Fondent deux nouveaux Monasteres,   

Mais sans le Celeste secours,  
Il seront de peu de durée,  
L'assiette en est mal assurée,  
less fondennens branlent toûjours.   

Two of fair Venus Votaries,  
Their Souls with holy Zeal inflamed,  
Have founded two new Nunneries:  
With the Revenues by their Pleasure gained,  
But without Miracles, they seem  
To be but in a piteous taking,  
Since that which founded and supporteth them,  
Is continually a shaking.   
But to return to our Grand Monarch; he has besides a very great love for magnificent Buildings; the Louvre, Versailles, and the other places that he has made amazingly glorious, are eternal Monuments of it; upon the rebuilding of the Louvre, these Ingenious Verses were made.  
Non orbis gentem, non urbem gens habet ulla  
Urbsve domum, Dominum nec domus ulla parem.  
Another on the same.  

Regia, Rex, Regnum, Tria sunt miracula mundi,  
Rex animo, Regnum viribus, arte domus.   

The Kingdom, King, and Palace built so well,  
In Valour, Strength, and Art, all else excel.   
[ Though that was but a slovenly compliment found upon the white Stone-wall at Versailles, where one had plentifully discharged his loose Tail against it, and finding it splatter'd out into streaks or rays, writ with a Coal under it, Nec pluribus Impar, alluding to the Sun the King's Device, with that Motto usually placed upon his Buildings.]  
Yet this great Prince having laid up vast Treasures to supply the expense of his vaster Designs, has been, though very improperly Taped, with too much Parsimony; and we have examples of it in some Verses.  

Etre fire quamd il faut combatre,  
Et en la paix doux & benin,  
C'est ressembler à Henri quatre,  
Et point du tout à Mazarine.   

If thou art good in time of Peace,  
And bravely bold at Dangers call;  
Harry the Great th' art like in this,  
And not Mazarine at all.   
The others are too bold, and so impudently conveyed, that the King found them upon his dressing Table.  

Tu és issue de Race august,  
Ton Ayeul est Henry le Grand,  
Et ton Pére Louis le just,  
Pour toy, tu n'és qu'un Louis d'Argent.   

Thou art sprung from a Race August,  
The Name of great thy Grand-sir, Harry, bore,  
Thy Father was Lewis the Just,  
For thy part thou art but a 
* A piece of money called a Golden Lewis.  Lewis D'or.   
The King was amazed when he red the Paper; and, they say, that he promised publicly, not only to Pardon the Author, but to reward him well for his Wit; but it seems he was so far from making himself known, that next Day in the same place were these Words.  

Tu ne le sçaura pas Louis,  
Car j'étois sole quamd ye less fis.   

Lewis the thing can ne're be known,  
I writ it when I was alone.   
However, notwithstanding all these Satyrs upon him, the humour of the King is to be liberal to Persons of Merit, and Courage; and he daily gives such evident Marks of it, that one may as well attempt to obscure the Sun's light, as endeavour to deprive him of the Glory of being Bountiful; that indeed which gave occasion to this Scandal, was the Kings prudence, whose Projects and Designs were so great, as that was applied to him, which was said of Rome by the Poet: Imperium terris, animos aequabit Olympo. Therefore to go through with his wonderful Enterprises, he was necessitated to lay up great quantities of Money, which is the sinews of War; besides the truest politicians have ever made a distinction, between the Princes of the Houses of Bourbon, and those of the Family of clois. The last being accused not only of too much Liberality, but excessive Prodigality, so far, that Henry the Third, the last of that Race, said plainly, That he would willingly have divided his Kingdom among his Favourites; and he always rewarded the services done him very Bountifully, yet he ever testified his trouble, that he could not do it according to their deserts. On the other side the Princes of the Bourbon Family, have always been thought to be more inclined to sparing than prosuseness. So that one said well, That this Verse ought to be altered, Parca manus Belgis, Anglisque Superbia regnat; and that it should be thus turned, Parca manus Francis, Anglisque Surperbia regnat. But to say truth, all these are only the effects of the French Liberty of censuring.  
The great constancy and firmness to those he loves, is really the true Character of this King; for it's well known, he has never put to Death, or punished any that were his Favourites. It is true indeed, that the Count de Lauzun, otherwise Monsieur de Peguelin, who at first was no more than a poor younger Brother, being arrived to an extraordinary degree of Favour, was ordered to be apprehended three times successively; but still with this reserve, That the King would never do him any harm, which is known to every Body, by the good Circumstances he is in at present. This Great King has ever been remarkable for his great Civility, even from his Youth; and has been seen to pull off his Hat, and return a salute to Poor People. And has never offended against the Rules of Civility, or Manners; so that few People ever came from him dissatisfied. Those that say, he is not Brave, nor has a War-like Soul, have not well considered his Actions; for even in his Minority, he was forced to be in Action, and run through all the Provinces of his Kingdom, by reason of Commotions. When he grew up, he performed such great Actions, as have astonished all Europe, and have long kept it in suspense, and at a stand!   

OBSERVAT. III. Upon the Life, and Manners of Lewis of Bourbon, Prince of Conde.  
THE Prince of Conde was esteemed a Prodigy of Valor and Courage, and was therefore called the Lion and Mars of France; and in a Picture where he was represented, armed from Head to Foot, these Words were about it, 
Hoc statu, hoc habitu Mars Gallicus ibat in hostem,  
Condoei ora gerens vultumque animumque.   
In effect, Monsieur de Turenne, who thoroughly understood his Valor and Worth, often said, That he thought that never since the Foundation of the French Monarchy was ever seen, a Prince so full of Fire, and Courage, as the Prince of Conde. But if he was a Man of Execution in War, he had no less a genius in the Cabinet, his Counsels have often been more Successful, than all those of the greatest politicians of the Kingdom; which made an ingenious Writer say of him, 
Et quae beatos efficiunt  
Condoeus ipse Collecta tenet.   
It is said, that when the King had carried on his Conquest against the Hollanders, as far as Utrecht, the Prince of Conde advised the King, immediately to march resoluely to Amsterdam; which once taken, he would be absolutely Master of Holland, and facilitate his great Design; but Marshal Turenne, who had a great Power over the Kings Mind, and Counsels hindered it; apprehending the Dams, that they were ready to cut, would overflow all the Country, which might destroy the King and all his Army; though those that understood Matters best, said, That the Prince of Conde's Fire would have been more advantageous, and Glorious for France than Turennes led.  
This Illustrious Prince was really beloved by all in France; but by his changing Sides, Pillaging, and Wasting the Country about Paris, as well as several other Provinces, he lost the esteem both of the Parliaments and People.  
In the First Civil War, he vigorously maintained Mazarin's Quarrel, though his Brother the Prince of Conty, was the Head of the other Party, with the Cardinal de Retz, who mortally hated Mazarin; and it was merrily said.  

Le Cardinal de Retz a juré par a cross,  
Et le Prince de Conty par sa Bosse,  
Nous irons tous deux à S. Germain.  
Pour prendre Mazarin.   

The Cardinal de Retz by his Crosier swore,  
And Conty by the Crump that on Shoulder he bore,  
That to St. germans they would go,  
And setch Mazarin whether he would, or no.   
To which the Prince of Conde replied, Let that Crook-back Fellow come if he dares, and I'll so thwack his Crump-back with my Sword, that I'll make it flat. But this Civil War was but like a Fire made of Straw, presently extinguished. And the Prince of Conde became so formidable, by his haughty Management, that the Cardinal, under the Name of the Royal Authority, Caused him, the Prince of Conty his Brother, and the Duke of Longueville his Brother in Law, to be Apprehended, and Imprisoned; their Party before, manifestly increasing, so that every one almost of Note, used to be asked, Friend, are you of Conde, Longueville, and Conty's Party? Yet these three Princes had notice given them of the design against their Liberty, but they laughed at it, thinking themselves above all attempts. Eight Days before the News of their Imprisonment, as some extraordinary Praises of these Princes were red, in the public News Book, before the Marshal de la Ferté, who for his great Age, was commonly called the Eternal Father, and was a cunning old Gamester, in intrigues of the Court. As soon as he heard these excessive Praises, he cried out, Upon my Honour, in a Weekes time you'll hear these three Princes are clapped up, which so happened exactly. There was then a remarkable Circumstance, and a fine piece of Policy Observed of the Queen Regent; she sent for these three Princes, who coming to the palace Royal, the Queen came out of her Closet, and received them in her antechamber with so many Caresses, that she quiter took from them all the suspicion of the Danger, that their real Friends had insinuated to them; and after she had talked to them a good while, with a great deal of frankness, she retired, saying, My Lord Cardinal will come to you presently; the Princes then staying a little, were very much surprised to see Monsieur de Chabames very well Guarded, who arrested them in the Kings Name; and as the Prince of Conty endeavoured to make a Noise, and some Resistance, he  told them, My Lords, if you Resist, your Business is done. Upon this, the Prince of Conde gently replied, Which way must we go? Monsieur de la bar showing a pair of back Stairs, said, You must go this way. At the Stairs-foot they found a Coach, in which they were carried, without either Drum, or Trumpet, to Vincennes, which was their first Prison; from whence, sometime after, they were removed to Havre de Grace, and at last set free by the Cardinal himself. It is observed of this Prince, that his Temper, in point of Liberality, was very different in his Youth, from what it was afterwards. He then was called the Duke of Engbuyen, and to jeer his Father, who was counted the most Covetous Prince in France, he used to lay a heap of Gold before him, and take a Handful with one Hand, and put it into his Pocket, saying, Thus my Father does; and, then taking it out with t'other hand threw it about to those that passed by, saying, Thus the Duke of Enghuyen does; but since his humour was very much altered, for he was afterwards extremely addicted to sparing.  
In his Youth he was much a Libertin, and loved to Divert himself by abusing People, there are two passages that are odd enough, then done by him. One is, That one Afternoon coming to Laon in Picardy, and the Dean of the Church, at the Head of all his Chapter, going in Ceremony to compliment him; and as he was making a Speech, whether it was that the young Prince was out of Patience till it were done, or that he did not like it, he bethought himself, to get rid of their Company, to ask aloud what a Clock it was; the Canons to show the earnestness that every one had to inform him, all answering aloud, My Lord, it's Three; He replied, 
* Allez-vous donc tous vous faire f—  go then all and be damned at Four.  
The other is the Judge or Mayor of a Country Town, meeting him full butt, undertaking to make a Speech to him; as he bowed very low before he began: The Prince, who was very nimble, leaped over the Magistrate, and when he raised his head, the Prince was behind him, but Mr. Mayor, who would make his Speech let what would come of it, and turning about without being moved at this Caper, bowed again, but not so low, for fear of a second; but the Prince not letting that serve his turn, clapped his hands upon Mr. Mayor's Shoulders, and over again goes me he; so that poor Fellow was forced to get him gone, without speaking a word more, in the greatest confusion imaginable.  
This Prince was very much given to his Pleasure, and his Loves; and the Debaucheries of his Youth were notoriously known, and spoken of by every one.   

OBSERVAT. IV. Of some Particularities of the Life of Henry de la tower d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne.  
I Do not pretend here to writ the Life of Monsieur de Turenne; I only wish, for the sake of his Glory, that some person bolder, and of a capacity fit for so great a Design, would undertake it: But though no one should go about it, yet it is impossible that the famed of the great Actions done by him should ever be lost. The Transactions of France for forty years, are not to be described without writing his History. However, by reason for several years together, I have had the honour to be present with him at Actions both of the greatest, as well as smallest consequence; and that Historians often are ignorant of, or neglect very essential Particularities. I will endeavour by some small stroke, concerning both his History and Person, to leave a true Idea of this great Man to Posterity. That which I shall say to his advantage, ought to be the rather believed; because instead of being obliged by Kindnesses done by him, he utterly ruined my Fortune; but this Justice I owe him, that he did it without any intention of injuring me.  
Henry de la tower d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne was of a middle stature, neither fat nor lean. His gate and mien had more of the modest, and timid in it, than any thing that appeared daring and bold. His Hair was of a Chestnut-brown, his Head large, and somewhat bending, his Colour ruddy, his Eyes large, and full of Fire and Life, but covered with thick Eye-brows that joined together. The turn of his Face was regular enough, but yet with a cheerful Air, there was something of Cloudiness joined. So that this mixture made up a Face that had somewhat extraordinary in it, and very difficult to be drawn. When a Child, he seemed to be but of a tender Constitution, nor was he perfectly healthful, till after he was twenty years old: When he was but ten, he stolen from his governor, and after they had long sought, they found him laid asleep upon the Carriage of a Cannon, resolving, as he said, to lie there all Night: For he had heard his Father, the Duke of Boüillon say, that he was persuaded it would be a great while before he would be robust enough to undergo the hardships of War, and therefore this young Prince thought that this would be a Proof to convince him to the contrary. The Duke of Boüillon, his Father, upon his Death-Bed, called both him and his elder Brother to him, and after many Pious councils, he recommended Three things to them. The First, Never to forsake the Faith of Jesus Christ, and the profession of the Protestant Religion. The Second, Never to attempt any thing against the Service of their King. And the Third, Never to shock, in any kind, the Power of the chief Minister, or the great Favourite. Otherwise they would infallibly lose their Credit, Estate, and Honor. Yet for all this, both of them acted quiter contrary to these Maxims, in all their Affairs, and did not Observe any one of them; for they changed their Religion; fought against their King, and in a Hostile manner declared themselves mortal Enemies, to the pmmier Ministers, and chief Favourites; which for some time made them very Unfortunate.  
To return to Monsieur de Turenne; he began his Apprenticeship, in Arms, in Holland, under his Uncle the Prince of Orange; and we have in a Poet of that time this Expression.  
Hic Turennius Heros.  
Cum Belgis miles primus protulit in Armis.  
And then he was but a private soldier; and performed all the Duties of a private soldier, with such Application, and so much ardour, that it had like to cost him his Life. He was sent thither, when he was but Fourteen Years old: His inclination to the Wars was extraordinary, and perfectly Natural to him; and he applied himself to soldiery, with that diligence, that from his very Infancy he seemed to be sensible of no other Passion, but that; so that in a very little time he gained a great Reputation: The Trade of War he followed all his life time, and lived 63 Years. And in the judgement of every Body, he was thought worthy to come in Competition with the greatest Generals that ever were. He had a good Understanding, and great Natural Parts; but in them there was still observed much more Wisdom and Solidity, than Brightness and Wit. In those Affairs that were of great Consequence, and very Pressing, he was not long deliberating; and when he had once taken a resolution he kept firmly to it: And what is more, he still saw the End, and understood the Consequence of things better and sooner, than any one beside himself, and could find out ways to accomplish them. In all the course of his Life, he never had any personal Duel, or Quarrel; although, especially at first, he served under several that he had no great esteem for; and he has commanded others, whose Dispositions and Humors were very uneasy, and that were yet more uneasy, out of envy and emulation of his Glory: But, besides his never giving Ear to any Tales, or Reports, he despised all disadvantageous Discourses, that he knew were made concerning him at any time; and his Mind being ever employed about some great Design, he cared very little for any thing which did not really hinder it.  
He never was tempted by any Enterprise, though Glorious for himself, and of certain Success: If he in the least believed it would hinder the Execution of another Design, more Beneficial to the Kingdom, though not so acceptable to him: For so much did he consider the good of all public Affairs, that to bring them to a happy Issue, he has very often sacrificed his own Fortune and Benefit; and sometimes even hazarded his Reputation; and far from throwing the least misfortunes upon his inferior Officers, that he employed upon Service, he never failed to comfort them, and raise their Courage, when they met with ill Success. Notwithstanding the many occasions of Choler and Vexation, that he has had from the first time he began to command, he never affronted any one; nor was he ever heard to break out into Anger, in his Family; and, though he was of a mildred Temper, and extraordinary Patience, yet it appeared that this rare Quality, so constantly practised, could not be the effect of his Disposition alone, but a Virtue acquired. Once when he was just going to attack the Works of a place Besieged, he found he wanted some ammunition Tools, that were absolutely Necessary; and knowing that a Marshal of France that commanded there, had more than he needed himself, he sent one of his Guards to him to desire them; who returned very much troubled, relating several rude things the Marshal said, and that he refused to lend them. Monsieur Turenne turning to the Officers that were near him, said, Since he is so Angry, we must make a shift without his Tools, and do as well as if we had them. After this he Charged, and forced the Lines, and had all the Glory of the Action.  
The last Flanders campaign, some Courtiers returned from the Army very much incensed against him, though without any reason. In the mean time, he, returning about a Month after them, found that their particular pikes had been improved into a general Disgust against him, so that there was scarce any body at Court that did not take a Pride to complain of him, and Valued themselves upon speaking ill of him. Several of them, and some of the best Quality, caused him to be  told of it, and desired to adjust Matters, and come to a better Understanding: All the answer he made, was, That he could not come to any adjusting in the case, but that it was sufficient for him to know, that he had never given any of them occasion to be displeased with him. Yet was not out of hope, but some other time, when perhaps he might give occasion of Complaint, those Gentlemen of the Court would be more favourable to him; so that afterwards they all came to see him, as if nothing of this kind had happened, and carried himself to them, as if he had never heard any thing of it. He was incapable of Hatred, but very sensible of Love and Friendship. He was seen to melt into Tears, in the Streets of Pontoise, as soon as he heard his Brother, the Duke of Boüillon, was taken dangerously ill of the Sickness that he died of: His Tears were the more moving and Natural, because he endeavoured to hid them. When he spoken of himself, it was with a great deal of Modesty and Sincerity; for Discoursing with one of his Friends, two or three Days after the Duke of Boüillon died, these were his Words; It is generally believed that I understand something of War; but there is nothing more true than that I could learn very much of my Brother; and, for Business what Talents had he beyond me, and how much did he excel me?  
He was not always happy in the choice of his Friends, and yet he has bewailed the Death of some of them; and he had so much good Nature and Gentleness, that all the Blood he had seen spilled could never harden him, nor hinder him from being always mindful of advancing Persons, notwithstanding all the Ingratitude he had met with for so many Years together. When Fortune has not been favourable too, and he has really been Unhappy; yet famed has still done Justice to his Courage and Wisdom; and he has often gained more Reputation, than those that had the better of him, and were more Fortunate. He was very Ambitious, but the Conjuncture of the Times, and his own Prudence, made him always moderate, and conceal it: But if he had lived in those former Ages that were so favourable to Conquerors, as his Glory had no bounds, so itis probable his Fortune would not. In the time of the Regence, in the Year 1649, when Paris took up Arms against Mazarine, Monsieur Turenne entered into that Party, whether inclined to it by the fatal Constellation that then Reigned, or by a particular Disgust against that Minister, about his own Fortune, and that of his Family. He then commanded the Army in Germany, consisting of 12 or 15000 Men, almost all Strangers. He was extremely Beloved, and Respected by them, which was not occasioned by his Merit alone, but by his being so Disinterest, and his frank and easy manner of living with the Army: Besides most of the Officers owed their advancement to him, and had no Communication with the Court, but by his means; so that at last, at a great Entertainment that he made them at Tubinge, in the duchy of Wirtemberg, the principal Officers that were privately gained before, imparted the state of Affairs to the others, and so engaged them that before they partend, they all took a solemn Oath to follow him, wherever he would led them, and aclowledge no other Superior but himself. This Engagement was made yet more solemn, and Published with the sound of a Drum and Trumpet, and approved of by the Souldiers general Acclamations. So that in any change of a Party, there never was seen a more universal Content, nor more solid appearance of trust. He declared to the French and others, that were not willing to embrace his Party, That he gave them free leave to retire, which, yet very few did. The next Day they Marched to enter into France; but the third Days March, Monsieur Turenne stoping at Spire, to finish the Bridge for the Army to pass the River upon, Longpré Lieutenant Colonel of the Foot Regiment of Vaubecourt, came in all hast to tell him, That Thoubal, and Chust, 2 General Officers of the Germans, who owed every thing to Mons. Turenne, and on whom he reposed all manner of Confidence, had made all the Army change their mind, and they were already marching another way. Besides, Heruard was come to Brisac, from the King, with great Sums of money; both for Payment of the Army, and Gratifications that were necessary to be made on such a pressing occasion. This turn was so great, and so sudden, that the same Troops that a few Days before had shewed so much Zeal for Mons. Turenne, had undoubtedly seized him Prisoner, if he had not immediately made his escape. This was the first time that he experimented how little Security Men have, both of their Life and Fortune, when that Security is only founded upon an Usurped, and Illegal Power.  
But it being impossible that so extraordinary an Action could be without some considerable Consequence, the following campaign, Mons. Turenne was at the Head of the K. of Spain's Army, and fought the Battle of Rethel, and lost it. And, when he saw himself out of Hopes of doing any thing else but save his own Person, he turned aside, and left those that fled, mounted upon a wounded Horse, and no body with him, but la Barge, Lieutenant of his Guard, whose Horse was hurt too. After they had marched a little way, they saw 5 Horse coming up to them full speed; says la Barge to him, I have but one Pistol left that I can fire, and you have fired yours; What will you do, Sir? Die, la Barge, says he, rather than be carried into France, to be made a Spectacle upon a Scaffold; by that time 2 Horse-men, that were a little before the others, came to them. La Barge rid up to one and killed him with his Pistol; the other closing up to Mons. Turenne, laid hold on his Belt, and cried, I'll give you fair Quarter, Mons. Turenne; but he, at the same time, with his Sword run him through, and killed him, saying these Words; traitor, I am not Turenne. One of the three Cavaliers that remained, who seemed to be an Officer, fired his Pistol at him, but missed him: After which all 3 went away, without doing any thing else, whether discouraged by the Death of their cods, or that the destiny of France would reserve this Prince, for the great Services that he afterwards performed. In effect Mons. Turenne had been lost without all remedy, both his Horse and la Barge's being wounded, and not able to go any further, but at that instant Lavaux, a Horse Officer of the Regiment of Beauvais, came to him, and gave him his Horse, to make his escape. After these 2 Actions, which he never remembered without testifying his Grief and Repentance for 'em, Posterity will not without Admiration find him the year following, at the Head of one of the Kings Armies; and that they had an entire Confidence in him. But if this great and sudden Change be without parallel, I leave it to History to show particularly, in all the following Actions of his Life, how Worthy of the Trust reposed in him, he shewed himself by his great Services and inviolable Fidelity. He began to make amends for the Misfortunes he fell into the 2 former years, by 2 Actions that he performed within 12 or 15 Days; one at Gergeau, and the other at Bleneau; and because I was particularly present at them, and because both times he saved the State and the King's Person, I will relate them. As soon as Mons. Turenne received his necessary Orders for the Command of the Army, he left Blois, where the Court then was, and went towards Sully and Gien, to draw the Forces together that he was to command. The King was yet too young to go to the War, or take cognisance of any Business; and the Q. Mother entirely left the whole Government of the Kingdom to Cardinal Mazarine. A few Days after Mons. Turenne's departure, the King left Blois to go to Orleans; but Orleans shutting the Gates against him, they resolved to go to Gien; and, at the same time, as they without any caution passed under the Walls of Gergeau, a little Town upon the River Loire, the Baron de Syron, who Commanded the Army of the confederate Princes, attacked the Bridge of Gergeau, to force his Passage, and surprise the Court. He was already Master of the Gate on the other side the River, and was making a lodgement, or entrenchment about the middle of the Bridge, to break down the other Gate. Mons. Turenne was already advanced to meet the King, but hearing the Noise of their Firing, left his Way, and threw himself into Gergeau; there he found some Foot, but so ill provided with Ammunition, that most of the Souldiers had not so much as a Charge of Powder left; whereupon, considering the straight that things were reduced to, he caused the Gates to be opened, and the Draw-bridge to be let down: And, purposely that the Enemies might hear him, he gave the Word of Command as loud as he could speak, to the Souldiers that lined the Curtain, That no one should dare to fire upon pain of Death; then making those that were with him quit their Horses; and putting himself at the Head of them, he charged the Enemies so smartly, only with their Swords in their Hands, that he driven them from the lodgement they made upon the Bridge; and in spite of all the Resistance they could make, though assisted by their Cannon that killed and hurt 8 or 10 Persons near him, he pushed them beyond the Bridge, and then caused 2 Arches of it to be broken down, to put the Court in a perfect state of Security. The King arriving at Gien, Mons. Turenne went from thence to post himself at Briare, with what Troops he had got together, and knowing that the Marshal d'Hoquincourt, who was coming to join him with a considerable body of Men, near Bleneau, he went to view his Camp and consult with him. Marshal d'Hoquincourt was very brave, and bold enough to attempt and hazard all things; but he was one that accounted not foresight and precaution as necessary Military Virtues. Afthey had seen some of his Quarters, Mons. Turenne  told him several times, That he found he lay very open, and much exposed, and that he counseled him to draw nearer together, and fortify himself on that side next Briare. But he still answered, That there was no need to fear, and that a good Guard would remedy that Inconvenience: But Mons. Turenne was no sooner returned to Briare, but the Marshal was attacked. As soon as he heard of it he gave the Court notice of it, and marched strait up to him with those Troops that were with him at Briare; and the Neighbourhood sent Orders to those that were farther off to advance immediately, and marched with all his Artillery within half a League of Briare; but he then learned, by those that sled, That Mons. d'Hoquincourt was Totally routed. This News was presently after confirmed by a Prisoner, Who assured him that the Enemies were making up to him, and that he had seen them upon their march. All the General Officers were of Opinion, That they should retire, and get near the King's Person as the only refuge in this case of Extremity. Their Forces being so unequal, but Mons. Turenne whose mind was Labouring proportionably to the Importance and Danger of this Conjuncture, scarce answered them, but gave out his Orders to march on, and still pressed the Troops to make more hast. Whereupon la Barge came to him, and informed him, That every body murmured, and thought he went the way to lose all, if he did not return to the King; But, answered Mons. Turenne, That indeed is a fine Expedient; after the Example that Orleans has given, even before ever we received any check, Where now do you think they'll open their Gates, and admit us, when we shall come as Fugitives, and Beaten? No, no, la Barge, I now am weary of my Destiny; this is worse than Rethel; I'll perish, or save all. The Day before, as he came back from Mons. d'Hoquincourt's Quarters, he took notice of a Marsh that made a long defile, or narrow pass; the remembrance of this Marsh then coming into his mind, he judged by the Situation of Places, and as the Country lay, that the Enemy, to come to him, would be forced to pass that way; upon this thought, without any more deliberation, he marched on, and so very luckily, that he no sooner had reached the Marsh on one side, but the Enemy appeared at the other; he then had not above 3500 Men, yet with them he made Head against a Victorious Army, of 14000 Men Commanded by the Prince of Conde.  
They were already very much alarmed at the Defeat of Marshal d'Hoquincourt, but upon Mons. Turenne's march they were in an absolute Consternation; Not doubting in the least, but that the same Misfortune would befall him; in this extremity the only refuge they had, was to get the Loire between the Enemies and the King. The greatest part of the Equipage was already sent over, and they were beginning to Unfurnish the Queens Apartment; and there were pioners ready to break the Arches of the Bridge, when the News came of this Success of Mons. Turenne, and they were quiter reassured when they saw him, after the Enemies had retired to their Quarters, return and post himself with his Army at Briare. The same Day Cardinal Mazarine wrote to him for his Advice, about a relation of this matter, That he intended to dispatch to Paris, and into the Provinces to prevent any false and disadvantageous Reports. This Narrative began with the Transactions of the Day before, and mentioned the Counsel that Mons. Turenne gave Marshal d'Hoquincourt, to Fortify himself; but Mons. Turenne made that Passage be omitted, saying, The Marshal was Unfortunate enough, without adding any disagreeable Circumstance to his Misfortune.  
In all business he used but few Words, and was an utter Enemy to long Discourses and unprofitable Circumstances; and as to himself, his earnest thinking made him often unawares ask Questions, which were not at all to the Purpose, and speak Words that had no Coherence. Very often he would take a prejudice, which he could not easily overcome, and usually he was rather disgusted at the mien and air of People, than the Persons themselves; for Example, let a Man be never so brave in the Field, he could not endure him, if he took more care than ordinary against the injuries of the Weather. As for those that he had no value for, or absolutely despised, of what Quality so ever they were, it was with all the pain in the World that he brought himself to speak to them, and observe common Measures of Civility: And the certain means to deserve his Disesteem, was to boast, and to be too much g●●en to praise themselves. He could not endure to be counted a suspicious Man, and apt to be prepossessed, whether it were to hid those Defects, or else that his Sentiments were very opposite; and sometimes it has happened that he has  told Secrets, that he ought to have concealed, and has appeared an open undisguised Person, even at the cost and damage of his most particular Friends. He was so much troubled to think that the World was persuaded he was easily inclined to Partiality, that though he was always ready to prefer his Friends to all the advantages that depended upon him, and to serve them with his Fortune; yet he could not speak in their Favour, with that boldness and earnestness that he could for others, who were indifferent to him, only moved to it by a Spirit of Justice and Equity, and the Zeal he had for the Service and Glory of the King: Nay, he has often done good Offices, and procured Employments for those that did not affect him, and some there are who rejoiced at his death, who perhaps, though they knew it not, owned the good posts they have in the World to his Endeavours and Goodness. He always loved his Family, but in the beginning he esteemed it less than his own Fortune, and afterwards neglected even that for his Reputation and Glory: Yet upon all occasions he assisted his Relations beyond his Ability; and in favour of some of them stripped himself of some part of his Paternal Estate, being more concerned for their wants than his own. He never valued himself upon his giving, and the benefits in this kind that he conferred, was with that wonderful Modesty, that is so seldom met with, and yet is so very needful to Purify and Reform that Ostentation which almost always accompanies Liberality; and this Virtue which is none of those that usually are found in old Age, was so Natural to him, that in the last years of his Life, he scattered his Money about even with more frankness than ever he had done before. In short, though he served a Noble and Liberal Master, and lived in an Age so abounding in making great Fortunes, yet he died much Poorer than he was left by his Father: And indeed one of the Qualities that he was most renowned for, was the little esteem that he had for Wealth, which he valued so little, that they say, He was Ignorant of the difference and value of the several Species of Coins. All his Lieutenant Generals became as Wealthy as Princes; but he who was but a younger Brother, and by consequence had not an Estate proportionable to his Quality, threw it away without any value for it, usually saying, He would have no other Purse but the King's. However he had so numerous an Equipage, that Madam de Turenne has often said, Were it not for the King's Money, both Mons. Turennes Estate and mine would not be able to maintain us three years, at the rate that we live. One Day some of his Friends talking with him about Riches, making some Comparisons, and Rallying him about that Subject, He  told them that, in truth, he could not comprehend the pleasure Men took in keeping their Coffers stuffed with Money; and that for his part, if at the years end he had any considerable Sums of Money left, he believed it would nauseate him as much, as, if coming from a great Feast, he should be forced to sit down to another. When he died, though he were one of the Kings greatest Favourites, and had a very considerable Government, and great privileges, and Commanded the Kings Armies, with almost Sovereign Authority; yet there was found but 500 Crowns in ready Money by him, with many Debts which he had contracted for the maintenance of his Troops, which the King paid immediately after his death. When he was in the County of Mark in Germany, Count Conismark Marshal de Camp, proposed to him a way how in 15 Days time he might gain by the means of Contributions 100000 Crowns, and that it might be done without the Courts having any Cognisance of it; but he answered him laughing, That he was obliged to him, but that after he had had many of those Opportunities heretofore, without making advantage of them, he was not minded to begin, and change his custom at this Age.  
All the care that he took of his Person, was only to be cleanly; all other things depended upon those that served him; looking for no great Care, neither in what concerned the service of Himself and Family; so that both at the Court and the Army one might very often come into his Bed-Chamber, without ever finding any domestic to adulteress one's self to first; and for his Family Business, he always took the account in general, and seldom or never descended to particulars. He expressed himself with no fluency of Language, but rather with difficulty, which ever increased as his Head was more upon Business. The tone of his Voice was loud, clear and firm; but when he spoken any thing that was never so little a Secret, he never thought he could speak low enough; and the general Opinion of his natural mistrustfulness was so well grounded, that his mind was seldom eased by any Secret that he imparted. He was indefatigable both of Body and Mind, and for 40 years together his Health was uninterrupted, unless by a Fever of 8 or 10 Days, and some light touches of the Gout, a little before his death. In Affairs of consequence, whether more or less difficult, he always acted with equal Vigilance, never Presuming nor Despairing of Success, and ever readier to make use of Superfluous than omit necessary Precautions. All his projects and stratagems of War, were upon great Wisdom and extraordinary Foresight: But when by Chance, or the necessity of Affairs he was to commit himself to Hazard and Fortune, he then abandoned himself to it, with all the gaiety and Boldness that even youth was capable of. Those that served under him, never knew his Designs, but the very moment they were to be put in Execution. He was the fittest Man in the World to ruin an Enemies Army, though his Forces were much Inferior, and end a campaign with advantage, whose beginning afforded cause of apprehension. He never spared himself in any fatigues, but favoured others as much as it was possible. He was bold in his Enterprises, fearless in Danger, always even and steady in all great Actions of War and Policy, but timorous at Court, and very unexperienced in common Affairs. From the very moment that he was in the Army, one might distinguish a visible change in his Air and Temper, he charmed and pleased every body by his gay and easy way of living; he never shut himself up, nor retired for Business; his Gates were always open, and there was not the least mark of ostentation, or haughtiness in his Words or Actions. But when he was by Peace reduced to a privater Life, the suspension of Glory which he gained in the Wars, left sometimes room in his mind for Vanity, In this state he did look more nearly how People carried themselves to him, and somewhat change his way of living.  
Sometimes the Power of being a Favourite made some Impression upon his mind and desires; but then retained either by Glory, or for fear of the Consequences, he always preferred his Liberty before any thing that might advance his Fortune. In the most difficult times he had no particular intimacy, or alliance with those that were in Power; so that he still upheld himself, and ever spoken with all the liberty and boldness of a Man of Honour, whenever he thought it absolutely necessary, either for his own Reputation, or the Service of his Master. After he had won the Battle of the Downs in Flanders, and took Dunkirk, Cardinal Mazarine passionately desired to make the Glory of those two great Actions his own; he would have had Mons. Turenne have writ him a Letter, which should import, That in effect they were due to the Cardinal alone, and that he had projected all things in his Cabinet, and that his orders only were exactly Executed. Perhaps this Minister never shew'd a more earnest desire than in this thing. He committed the management of this business to the Count de Moret, a Gentleman of great Worth, his Favourite, and an intimate Friend of Mons. Turenne. The Court was then at Calais, and Mons. Turenne at Dunkirk. The Count de Moret went to him 2 or 3 times upon other pretences, but indeed only for this matter, and used all his endeavours to put out of the Cardinals Mind a thing that was so little agreeable to his State and Profession; and, at the same time, omitted nothing that might incline Mons. Turenne to that Complaisance that was desired; but finding that he advanced not, he at last thought himself obliged to tell Mons. Turenne, That upon the first difficulties and scruples that he made, he had all the reason in the World to fear the Consequence would be very disadvantageous to his Fortune, since the Cardinal entertained them with extraordinary Impatience and Vexation. Mons. Turenne, who was not moved by Hopes and Promises, was no more capable of Fear; and therefore he still answered, as he did at first, That Cardinal Mazarine might put into History all that was capable of flattering his Ambition most, and make Posterity believe he was a great General; but as for his part he would never authorize a thing so contrary to his own Honour, and to the Truth. At the same time almost, the King fell so dangerously ill, that they gave him over for dead. The Cardinal not believing himself well with Monsieur the Kings Brother, had a mind to make sure of them that were about him, but he had reason to believe they would not be very favourable to him. In this extremity he had recourse to Mons. Turenne, and his design was to go to him, in case he were constrained to quit the Court. He therefore sent the Count de Moret to engage him, to offer himself to him, and oblige him to assure him the Army.  
The Count de Moret had order to negotiate this Affair, with all address imaginable, and only insinuate things instead of saying them. But as he knew that was not the way to deal with Mons. Turenne, he spoken to him of it, as he used to do, plainly without any management, or cunning; and the Viscount promised that he would act publicly, as the Cardinals Friend; and if Monsieur came to the Crown, he would represent the state of things to him, as they then stood, and that it would be very dangerous to take them out of the Hands of a Minister, so knowing, and so well established as he was. Mons. Moret judging that the Cardinal would not be satisfied with this answer, represented to Monsieur Turenne all that he thought was able to incline him to what was desired; among other things, He  told him that there is no fear but that the Queen Mother would uphold the Cardinals Fortune, and that no body could doubt the influence she had over Monsieur, nor that her protection would be wanting to the Cardinal; so that Mons. Turenne offering himself to be of this Ministers party, he might advantageously, without hazarding any thing, do what was very meritorious, and what he would never forget. The Viscount answered, That in all probability things would go after this manner, but that he would never promise any more than he had done; adding, that no advantage how great soever it were, should ever tempt him either to make those promises, that he might hereafter break, or be reduced to the necessity he had been formerly. The Cardinal was so little contented with this Answer, that after he had several times sworn the ruin of M. Turenne, he spoken many extravagant things, sometimes in Fury, and other times moved by Fear and Despair. But the King recovering, and the War continuing; the Cardinal either suspended, or forgot his resentment. He was pleased with the Company of Learned and Ingenious Men, but he had no kindness for those that were professed Wits; they never tasted of his Bounty, nor had he much share, or mention in their Productions. When he had no Business, he loved to divert himself, especially at his Meals, but without any excess. He was soon moved to laugh at pleasant Discourse; and he himself rallied very handsomely, but always with abundance of Discretion and Humanity. He was pleased with any Ingenious Productions, and loved to red good Books, especially History, and made his use of it; but seldom was heard to Quote it. He was not able to bear Flattery, as such, but when it was disguised under the appearance of Friendship, that any one took an easy Natural way to praise him. He easily afforded matter of Discourse; and it was not very difficult for a Flatterer to insinuate himself into his Confidence and Belief, and make his advantage of it.  
He was born a Protestant, and professed that Keligion above 50 years, without being well instructed in it; at that Age he began to doubt, but without making it known to any one, and then he endeavoured to inform by reading, which only served to multiply scruples; at last he was forced to come to Conferences, but only by way of Conversation, for fear of letting his Condition be known. The Q. Mother discovered it, and spoken to him of it, letting him know, that besides the consideration of saving his Soul, there were some Temporal advantages that moved her so earnestly to desire his being a catholic. This Discourse, tho able to make a great Impression upon many other Persons, stopped all these good motions, and caused him to remain some years as he was, neglecting to inform himself any farther. For it is most true, that he feared lest his Conversion should be followed by some extraordinary Favour, capable of making the Honesty, and Sincerity of his intentions be ill interpnted, and of blemishing his Honor: But, at last, pressed by his Conscience, he opened his Mind; first to the B. of Condom, who is now B. of Meaux; then to the B. of tourney, who was his particular Friend, and spoken also to his Nephew the carded. de Boüillon, whom it seems God had a mind to employ to finish this great Mans Conversion. At length convinced that he was out of the true Church, he abjured before the A. B. of Paris, without giving any notice of it till the preceding Evening, nor did the K. himself know of his design but a little before.  
The Love and Veneration that the Army always had for him, was very much increased in his last Campaigns, which appeared among other Demonstrations of it the year before his Death, in that wonderful expedition when he marched to attack the Enemies in Germany. One Day when the Army was passing through a long defile, or narrow pass, he turned a little aside out of the way, and lay down behind a Bush; while he slept, there the Souldiers saw him, and finding him almost covered with snow, they run in all hast into the neighbouring Fields, to cut down Boughs of Trees to make him a but; and as they were making it, there came by some Troopers who seeing the but did not cover him from the Weather, and keep him dry, they striven who should first lay their Cloaks over it, to make a kind of Tent: With the Noise that they made he awaked, and asking them, Why they did not March, and what they were doing? We are preserving our General, said they, that is our chiefest Business, for if we lose him, we shall never see our Country more. Whereupon, he not being able to make 'em leave off their Work, and not willing to show his Absolute Power, by any rigorous Commands, or Usage upon this occasion, he was forced to get on Horse-back again, and March too. All his Campaigns since the War against Holland, being such prodigies of Valour and judgement, which would afford matter for several Volumes, if any one would justly describe them. But after having escaped several dangerous Engagements, he was killed in the Field; being hit on the Breast by a random canonshot. The News of his Death wonderfully affencted the Gentry and Nobility, and made a great impression upon all sorts of People, who for many Days, could speak of nothing but this great loss. Many there were that lamented him, who had never seen him; some moved to it by the remembrance of his Actions, others when they considered the Services he might have done for the future; and all were generally touched with Grief at the relation of his Death. At Paris, and in the neighbouring Provinces, but particularly in the Frontiers of the Country, where the seat of War was, their Grief was much greater, because they knew him better, and were used to see him every Winter. To conclude; his loss looked like to the total defeat of some Army, where every particular Person in the Kingdom had lost either his Estate, or his dearest Friend. Though in his life time there was published a Comparison between him and Caesar; I believe, that I may observe, that if the likeness did not hold, by reason of the different ways to Glory, under the Government of a Monarchy, and that of a Common-wealth, so there was as much difference in the manner of their Deaths. Caesar was murdered in time of Peace by his fellow Citizens, whom he had oppressed; but M. Turenne, beloved and esteemed by every body, lost his use with his Arms in his Hands, serving his King and Country, without any other interest or motive, but that of his Duty and Reputation.  
He began to appear under Lewis 13. being upheld by his own Deserts and Quality; only he lived without any Favour, or Disgrace, all the time that carded. Richelieu governed. Under carded. Mazarines Ministry, he had several turns of Fortune, but she was always prosperous, and favourable to him the last 20 years of his life. He had a 1000 occasions of gaining Reputations and Glory, which all the Histories of Europe will immortalize. He esteemed himself the happier in that he served a K: that had all the Qualities to be desired in a Master, and who treated him with so much intimacy and esteem, that he loved him as his Friend. I leave to those that writ his History, to relate to how high a point of Glory, he carried the reputation of the Kings Arms in his last War, and what his Projects and Wishes were, concerning the Affairs of Germany, and the great advantages that he promised himself when his Death happened. I will now only add, that he was ever so far from Presumption, that when ever he began to hope well of any enterprise, his hopes might be accounted on as a certainty of a happy Success.  
The King did him the Honor to cause him to be butted at St. Dennis, with the crowned Heads of France;( an Honor which was never granted but to him, and the Constable Bertrand du Gueselein) which occasioned this Epitaph.  

Turenne à son Tombeau parmi ceux de nos Rois,  
C'est le fruit glorieux de ses fameux Exploits;  
La France veut par là couronner sa Vaillance,  
A fin de faire voir aux Siécles à venir,  
Qu'elle fait peu de difference  
De porter la Couronne ou de la soûtenir.   

Turenne interred among our Princes lies,  
The just reward for all his Victories;  
'Tis the last debt France to her Hero owes,  
And gratefully lets after Ages know,  
How small a difference ought to be shown,  
'Twixt him that wears, and that supports a Crown.    
FINIS.