THE ENTERTAINMENT OF His Most Excellent MAJESTY CHARLES TWO, IN His PASSAGE through the CITY of LONDON TO HIS CORONATION: Containing an exact Account of the whole Solemnity; the Triumphal Arches, and Cavalcade, delineated in Sculpture; the Speeches and Impresses illustrated from Antiquity. TO THESE IS ADDED, A Brief Narrative of His MAJESTIE'S Solemn CORONATION: WITH His Magnificent PROCEEDING, and ROYAL FEAST IN WESTMINSTER-HALL. By JOHN OGILBY. LONDON, Printed by THO: ROYCROFT, and are to be had at the Author's House in Kings-Head Court within Shoe-Lane, MDCLXII. I Have perused a brief Narrative of His MAJESTY'S Solemn CORONATION, printed by Mr. OGILBY, together with his Description of His MAJESTY'S Entertainment passing through the City of LONDON to His Coronation, etc. and, in pursuance of His MAJESTY'S Order unto me directed, have examined, and do approve thereof; so as the said Mr. OGILBY may freely publish the same. From the HERALDS-COLLEDG this thirteenth of June, 1662. EDWARD WALKER, Garter Principal King of Arms. TO THE SACRED MAJESTY OF CHARLES TWO, King of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, FRANCE, and IRELAND, etc. This DESCRIPTION of the SOLEMNITY of His Blessed INAUGURATION Is humbly Dedicated By His most Obedient, Dutiful, and Loyal Servant, J. OGILBY. 1 THE CAVALCADE or HIS MAJESTY'S PASSING THROUGH THE CITY OF LONDON TOWARDS HIS CORONATION The Duke of York's Horse Guard, Consisting of Wenceslaus Hollar Bohemus delineavit, et aqva forti ari insculpsit. Aᵒ i66i. 2 Monday the 22 of April. Aᵒ M. D.C.LXI. four such Squadrons, & each Squadron containing fifty men, Messengers of the Chambers, forty in number. 3 Esquires to the knights of the Bath, in number a hundred and forty. 4. Knight Harbinger Serjeant Porter Sewers of the Chamber & Gentlemen Ushers, Quarter Waiters Clerks of the Chancery: C of the Signet, C: of the Privy-Seal,: C: of the Council; C: of the Parliament: C: of the Crown, 5 Chaplains having dignities, 10. The King's Advocate The King's Remembrancer Masters of the Chancery. The King's Learned Council at Law, The King's puisne Sergeants. The King's Attorney, The King's Solicitor The King's Eldest Sergeants. 6 Secretaries of the French and Latin Tongues. Gentlemen Ushers, daily Waiters, Sewers, Carvers, Cupbearers, in Ordinary, Esqvires of the Body, Masters of standing Offices, viz. Tents, Revels, Ceremonies, Armoury, Wardrobe, Ordinance, Masters of the Reqvests 7 Chamberlains of the Exchequer, Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber 8 Knights of the Bath Knights of the Bath 68 9 Knights of the Bath, The Knight Marshal. Master of the jewel-house Barons younger Sons, many Viscounts Younger-Sons, many Treasurer of the Chamber 10 Barons of the Exchequer 3 justices of the King's Bench & Common Pleas ● Lord Chief justice of the Common Pleas Lord Chief justice of the King's Bench, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, Master of the Bells. Baron's eld 11 estsons, many Earls Younger Sons, many Viscounts eldest Sons many The King's Trumpets 12 The Sergeant Trumpeter Pursuants at Arms Barons consisting of fifty one in number. Marquis' younger sons Earls Eldest sons Two Pursuants at Arms Visecounts Dukes younger sons Marquesses Eldest Sons Two Heralds Earls in number 31 Lord Chamberlain of the King's Household Duke's Eldest sons Two Heralds Marquis of Worcester Marquis of Dorchester Two Heralds: The Duke of Buckingham Clarencieux king of arms. Norroÿ king of arms. Lord Chancellor. Lord Treasurer The Lord high Steward 17 Sergeants at Arms Two Persons representing The Duke of Normandy, & The Duke of Aquitaine Garter principal king of Arms The Gentleman Usher with the Black Rod. The Lord Mayor of London 18 The Duke of York Sergeants at Arms 19 The Earl of Lindsey Lord great Chamberlain of England The Earl of Northumberland Lord high Constable of England The Earl of Suffolk, E●●l Marshal, of E●gland Footmen Pages Gentlemen Pensioners & Equeries 20 THE RING Gentlemen Pensioners & Equeries Yeomen of the Guard The D●●e of Albemarle Master of the Horse; Leading a Horse of Estate The Vice-Chamberlaine Captain of the Pensioners Captain of the Guard, His MAJESTY'S ENTERTAINMENTS Passing through the City of LONDON TO HIS CORONATION; WITH A Description of the Triumphal ARCHES, and SOLEMNITY. THE City of LONDON, participating the greatest share of that inexpressible Happiness, which these Kingdoms have received by the glorious Restauration of our Sovereign to His Throne, and of us His Subjects to our Laws, Liberties, and Religion, after a dismal Night of Usurpation, and Oppression, and proportionably exceeding in their Loyalty, took the occasion of His MAJESTY'S Coronation, to express their Joy with the greatest Magnificence imaginable: imitating therein the ancient Romans, who, at the return of their Emperors, erected Arches of Marble, which though we, by reason of the shortness of Time, could not equal in Materials, yet do ours far exceed theirs in Number, and stupendious Proportions. THE Custom of erecting Triumphal Arches among the Romans (a thing altogether unknown to the Grecians, till their acquaintance with them) most certainly was not coaeval with their Triumphs, which were within four years as long-lived as Rome itself. For among the Greek, and Latin Authors of the Roman History, who have been so accurate in enumerating all their Solemnities, especially which concerned their Splendour, and Magnificence, we find not any mention of them till the time of the Roman Emperors. Indeed of Triumphs, as of all other things, the Beginnings seem to have been but rude. At first nothing more than the Spoils hung up at the house of the Conqueror. Aeneid. VII. Virgil, speaking of the Palace of King Picus, Multáque praetèreà sacris in postibus arma, Captivi pendent currus, curvaeque secures, Et Cristae capitum, & portarum ingentia claustra, Spiculáque, clypeíque, ereptáque rostra carinis. " Besides, on sacred Pillars all along, " A World of Arms, Axes, and Chariots hung, " Crests, and huge Bars of Gates the Ports adorn, " And Spears, and Shields, and Prows from Galleys torn. This rudeness of the first Triumphs, even among the Romans, will sufficiently appear, if we compare the Triumph of Romulus, mentioned by Livy, Lib. I. Lib. II. Dionysius Halicarnassensis, and † in Romulo. Plutarch, with the excessive Pomp, and Magnificence of the latter, of which we shall give an instance in this Discourse. The greatest Monument of which Magnificence, the Triumphal Arches, as we have said, was not heard of before Julius Caesar. 'Tis true, there is still retained at Rome the memory of Arcus Romuli, and Camilli. But 'tis certain, it appears not whether they were Triumphal Arches, or no; and it is very questionable, whether they bear their true Titles. Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxviii. cap. vi. For Pliny, who flourished in the time of Vespasian the Emperor, calls them novitium inventum, a new invention: whose Authority much outweighs those empty Titles of Arcus Romuli, and Camilli, of which there is no ancient Record. Yet, that they were in use before Julius Caesar almost one Century of years, has been conjectured out of these words of Asconius Pedianus, an Author, against whom there is no exception, and who lived some years before Pliny; Fornix Fabianus, arcus est juxta Regiam in Sacra via, à Fabio E constructus, qui, à devictis Allobrogibus, Allobrox cognominatùs est, ibique statua ejus posita propterea est; The Fabian Arch is nigh the Palace of Romulus in the Sacred way, built by Fabius the Censor, who, from his Victory over the Allobroges, had the surname of Allobrox; for which his Statue was placed there. That he triumphed upon this Victory, we have ample testimony from the Marbles not long since digged up at Rome, formerly preserved in the Capitol. Nevertheless, those words of Asconius do evidently conclude the contrary: for he says expressly built by Fabius Censor. His Censourship is referred by Sigonius and Pighius to the Year U.C. DCXLV. his Triumph happened anno DCXXXIII. as appears from the Marbles now mentioned, Q. FABIUS Q. AEMILIANI F.Q.N. AN. DCXXXIII. MAXIMUS. PROCOS. DE. ALLOBRO gibus ET. REGE. ARVERNORUM. BETULTO. X. K. Whence it is clear the Arch was built long after his Triumph. And I conceive his Statue was placed there rather in regard of his expenses, then of his Victory so long before obtained. Neither is it strange after the space of above seven hundred years, to find this alteration. We may observe many other, but shall only take notice of two. First, The ancient Romans granted not the honour of Triumph to any, who had not slain in one pitched Field five thousand of their Enemies. Jus triumphi datur ei, qui quinque millia hostium unâ acie ceciderit. Secondly, They allowed not Triumph for a Victory over their Fellow-Citizens; as Q. Catulus triumphed not over M. Lepidus, Valeria Maximus, Lib II. cap. viij, or L. Antony over Catiline, or Sylla over Marius, or Cinna over Carbo, or Caesar over Pompey. Claudian, De vi. Consulatu Honorii. — cum Gallica vulgò Praelia jactaret, tacuit Pharsalica Caesar. Namque inter socias acies, cognataque signa, Vt vinci miserum, nunquam vicisse decorum. — Of gallic Fights oft at his Board Boasts Caesar, of Pharsalia not a word. Though sad the case to fall in Civil War, Yet 'tis no honour to the Conqueror. which he means too in these Verses, De Bello Getico. Semperab his famae petiere insignia bellis, Quae diversa, procultuto, trans aequora virtus Exercere dabat: currus, Regumque catenae Inter abundantis fati ludibria ductae. They by such Wars sought Fame in Fields remote, Beyond Seas Victory by their Valour got: Hence Kings in Chains and Chariots march in state, 'Mongst various Sports of their abundant Fate. De civibus triumphare nefas, Ibid. saith the same Valerius Maximus. In both which particulars the Romans History affords exceptions. Liv. Lib. xl. In the first, in the Triumph without a War, anno Vrbis Cond. DLXXIII. In the second, in the Triumphal Arch, yet almost entirely standing, of Constantine the Great, which the Senate, and People of Rome dedicated to him upon his Victory over Maxentius, a General of part of the Imperial Forces. The Inscription this, IMP. CAES. FL. CONSTANTINO. MAXIMO P.F. AUGUSTO S.P. Q.R. QUOD. INSTINCTU. DIVINITATIS. MENTIS MAGNITUDINE. CUM. EXERCITU. SUO. TAM. DE. TYRANNO. QUAM DE OMNI EJUS TACTIONE. UNO. TEMPORE. JUSTIS REMPUBLICAM. ULTUS. EST. ARMIS ARCUM. TRIUMPHIS INSIGNEM. DICAVIT Three Triumphs, of the same nature, in one Century of years, De vi. Consulatu Honorii. are reckoned by Claudian, who makes Rome to speak thus, His annis, qui lustra mihi bis dena recensent, Nostra ter Augustos intra pomaeria vidi, Temporibus variis: eadem sed causa Tropaeis, Civilis dissensus erat— Lustres twice ten, with annual Springs, and Falls, Passed, since I saw three emperors in our Walls, At several times: each, on sad Scores, did boast Triumphs for Civil Broils— Both which particulars comprehend this Triumph of His most Sacred Majesty, which was upon a Victory over the Enemies of His Country without a Battle. These Arches generally bore the name of him, that rid in Triumph, and had a Title ensculpt, to testify for what Victory they were erected: both which appear from this Speech of the City of Rome to Honorius the Emperor, Ast ego fraenabam geminos, quibus altior ires, Claudian ib. Electi candoris equos, & nominis Arcum Jam molita tui, per quem radiante decorous Ingrederere togâ, pugnae monumenta dicabam Defensam titulo Libyam testata perenni. But I put in your Steeds more white than Snow, And of your Name designed a stately Arch, Through which you might in Regal Purple march. The Battle too, and lasting claim engraved Attesting Monuments that you Libya saved. They were always adorned with some Spoils of the Conquered Enemy. Claudian, — Spoliisque micantes Paneg. iv. Innumeros arcus— Innum'rous Arches rich with glittering Spoils, Prudentius, Frustrà igitur currus summo miramur in Arcu Quadrijugos, stantésque Duces in curribus altis, Sub pedibusque Ducum captivos poplite flexo Ad juga depressos, manibus que in terga retortis, Et suspensa gravi telorum fragmina trunco. We Chariots on the Arch admire in vain, In them their haughty Leaders standing see, And Captives stooping with low-bended knee, Their hands behind them tied; of ponderous Oak Huge Truncheons hanging of strong javelins broke. Sometimes they bore ensculpt the Battle, in which the Conqueror had merited his Triumph, as those of Septimius Severus, and Constantine. In others, the whole pomp of the Triumph was represented; as in that of Vespasian and Titus, where are still to be seen led in Triumph the Spoils of the Temple of Jerusalem, the Ark of the Covenant, the Candlestick with seven Branches, the Table of the Shewbread, the Tables of the Decalogue, with the Vessels of pure Gold for the use of the Temple, the Captives chained, the Emperor riding in his Triumphal Chariot, etc. The order, and method of a Triumph, among the Romans, we will here briefly, but distinctly deliver, chief out of Plutarch, in the Life of P. Aemilius. The captivated Statues, Pictures, and Colossuses, lead the Van. Plutarch, In Romulo. of the Triumph of P. Aemilius, The first day (for this Triumph lasted three) scarce sufficed for the passing of the Statues, Pictures, and Colossuses, lead in two hundred and fifty Carriages. Appian says, that Pompey carried the Statues of the Foreign Gods in Triumph. The next followed the choicest Arms and Spoils of the Enemy. Plutarch, The next day were carried the fairest and richest of the Macedonian Weapons upon several Carriages, glistering with the Brass and Iron new scoured: artificially placed, (yet that they seemed to have been thrown together promiscuously without any order) the Headpieces upon the Shields, the Corslets upon the Buskins, etc. which striking constantly against each other, made so terrible a noise, that the sight of them, though now overcome, was a terror to the Spectators. Statius, Ante Ducem spolia, & duri Mavortis imago, Lib. xii. Virginei currus, cumulatáque fercula cristis, Et tristes ducuntur equi.— The Gen'ral, Spoils, and Mars dire Shape precedes Chariots and Chargers heaped with Crests, and Steeds Mourning are led Ovid, Scuta sed & galea gemmis radientur & auro, De Pento, Lib. iii. Eleg. iv. Sténtque super victos trunca tropaea viros. But Gems, and Gold their Shields, and Helms adorn, The Trophies on the vanquished Shoulders born. Next, the Images of the Cities, Towns, Castles, Mountains, and Rivers, taken. Ovid, De Tristib. Lib. iv. Eleg. two. Cumque Ducum titulis oppida capta leget: Hic lacus, high montes, haec tot castella, tot urbes, Plena ferae caedis, plena cruoris erant. There taken Towns, and Princes Titles read: There Lakes, there Mountains, Forts, and Cities stood; Full with dire Slaughter, full of Purple Blood. Protinùs, argento veros imitantia muros, Barbara cum victis oppida lata viris: Flumináque in montes, & in altas proflua sylvas, Armaque cum telis in strue juncta suis. Next, Barbarous Cities with the Captives past True Walls resembling in pure Silver cast: And Rivers that 'mongst Woods and Mountains glide, And Arms, and Weapons, raised like Trophies, ride. Livy * Lib. xxxviii. says, that Scipio Asiaticus carried in Triumph the Images of an hundred and thirty four Towns. Pliny † Nat. Hist. Lib. v. Cap. v. reckons up twenty seven Cities, Towns, Nations, Mountains, &c, led before Cornelius Balbus. Silius Italicus, of the Triumph of Scipio Africanus over Carthage. Mox victas tendens Carthago ad sidera palmas Ibat, & effigies orae jam lenis Iberae, Terrarum finis Gades, ac laudibus olim Terminus Herculeis Calpe, Baetisque lavare Solis equos dulci consuetus fluminis undâ, Frondosumque apicem subigens ad sidera mater Bellorum fera Pyrene, nec mitis Iberus, Cùm simul illidit Ponto quos attulit amnes. — Next, lifting to The Stars her Conquered hands, did Carthage go, Then the Effigies of th' Iberian Land, Now Peaceable; with Gades, that doth stand The Period of the Earth; and Calpe, that, Of old, Alcides' praise did terminate: With Baetis, which the Horses of the Sun Is wont to bathe in Streams that gently run: And high Pyrene, which gives Birth to Wars, And lifts her heavy Head unto the Stars: With rude Iberus, that with Fury flings Against the Sea the Rivers, that he brings. Mr. ROSS. Then followed the Moneys of Silver, Vessels, Garments, etc. Plutarch, Ibid. After which, three thousand men carrying the Moneys of Silver in seven hundred and fifty Silver Vessels; each of them weighing three Talents, four men to a Vessel. Ibid. Next the Trumpeters. Plutarch, The next day betimes in the Morning went the Trumpeters sounding a Charge. After whom were led the Oxen ordained for Sacrifice. Lib. xlv. Livy, The victim, which go before, are not the least part of the Triumph. These were white, taken out of the Meadows of the River Clitumnus. Virgil, Hinc albi, Clitumne, greges, Georg. i. & maxima taurus Victima, saepe tuo perfusi flumine sacro, Romanos ad Templa Deum duxêre Triumphos. This snowy Flocks, and Bulls prime Offerings yields, Which bathed, Clitumnus, in thy Sacred Floods, Rome's Triumphs draw to Temples of the Gods. Upon which place Servius, Clitumnus is a River in Menavia, which is a part of Umbria, as Umbria is of Tuscia, whence whatsoever Beasts drink, they bring forth their young ones white. Claudian, Quin & Clitumni sacras victoribus undas, Panegyr. iv. Candida quae Latiis praebent armenta Triumphis. Clitumnus sacred Streams, whose Snow-white Breed The conquering Romans in their Triumphs need. Ovid, Candidáque adductâ collum percussa securi De Tristibus, lib. iv. Eleg. two. Victima purpureo sanguine tingit humum. Struck with an Axe the pure white Sacrifice Earth with a purple River dies. Next the Gold, and Golden Vessels, taken from the Enemy. Plutarch, After the Sacrifices went those that carried the Gold, divided, as the Silver was, into Vessels, weighing each three Talents, the number of the Vessels, seventy seven: with those that carried the Sacred Cup, which Aemilius had caused to be made of ten Talents of Gold, adorned with several precious Stones, etc. Then followed the Arms of the Conquered Prince. After which he sent the Chariot of Perseus, and his Arms, and his Crown placed upon his Arms. Next the Captives, richly clad, but laden with Chains; the Captive Prince with Chains of Gold, the rest according to their quality. Silius Italicus, Ant Syphax feretro residens captiva premebat Lib. xvii. Lumina, & auratae servabant colla catenae. Hic Hanno, clarique genus Phoenissa juventa, Et Macedum primi, atque incocti corpora Mauri, Tum Nomades, notusque sacro, cùm lustrat arenas, Hammoni Garamas: etc. Sed non ulla magis mentésque oculósque tenebat, Quàm visa Hannibalis campis fugientis imago. — Before him Syphax, Captivate, Upon a Beer, his Eyes dejected, sat, His Neck in Golden Chains preserved. And here Hanno, and young Phaenician Nobleses were; Than Macedonian Princes; next to these The Moors with parched Skins; then Nomades And Garamantians known to Horned Jove, Where they the Sands survey, etc. Yet nothing more delights their Mind, and Eyes, Then Hannibal, as in the Field he flies, Mr. ROSS. Propertius, Lib. xi. Eleg. i. Aut Regum auratis circumdata colla catenis, Actiáque in Sacra currere rostra via. Or else their Kings in Golden Fetters bound; The Sacred way with Actium Wheels resound. Ovid, De arte Am. Ibant antè duces onerati colla catenis. Before, the Princes went in Golden Chains. Trebellius, speaking of Queen Zenobia, Jam primûm ornata gemmis ingentibus, ità ut ornamentorum onere laboraret: vincti erant pedes auro, manus etiam catenis aureis, nec collo aureum vinculum deerat. She was now so decked with great Gems, that she was oppressed with the weight of her Ornaments: her Feet, Hands, and Neck were bound with Chains. But this was not constant: for in a Triumph of Pompey's Appian mentions a great number of Captives, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, but none bound. Next followed the Crowns, which the Cities, Friends of the Romans, had presented to the General. Virgil, Ipse sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi Dona recognoscit sociorum, aptátque superbis Postibus.— He in bright Porches of great Phoebus sits, And gifts of Nations to proud Pillars fits. Plutarch, After which were carried 400. Golden Crown's, which the Cities had sent to Paulus Aemilius by their Ambassadors, as a reward of his Victory. Next, he that rid in Triumph, in his Triumphal habit, elegantly described by Juvenal. Satex. Quid si vidisset Praetorem in curribus altis Exstantem, & medio sublimem in pulvere Circi In tunica Jovis, & pictae Sarrana ferentem Ex humeris aulaea togae, magnaeque Coronae Tantum orbem quanto cervix non sufficit ulla? Quip tenet sudans hanc publicus, & sibi Consul Nè placeat, curru servus portatur eodem. Da nunc & volucrem sceptro quae surgit eburno, Illinc Cornicines, hinc praecedentia longi Agminis officia, & niveos ad fraena Quirités, Defossa in loculis quos sportula fecit amicos. Had he the Praetor in his Chariot spied Amidst the dusty Circque in Triumph ride, In Jove's bright Vest, in an embroidered Gown Of Tyrian Purple, and a mighty Crown, For any Head too weighty, and too large, That is forsooth a sweeting Servants charge: Lest that the Consul in such pomp should pride, The Slave and he both in one Chariot ride. On th' Ivory Sceptre th' Eagle seen displayed, Here Cornets, there his friendly Cavalcade; Romans in white march near the Horse's Reins, Friends by the Basket and their Belly-gains. The Army followed the Chariot of their General. Plutarch, The whole Army was crowned with Laurel, following the Chariot of their General in their ranks, and orders. Who usually sang Io TRIUMPH. Ovid, speaking of the Triumph of Drusus Germanicus; Tempora Phoebeâ lauro cingentur, joque Miles, Io magnâ voce TRIUMPH, canet. Io the Army with fresh Laurel Crowned Io TRIUMPH as they march resound. Claudian, De laud. Stiliconis. Ipse albis veheretur equis, currumque secutus, Laurigerum festo fremuisset carmine miles. Drawn with white Steeds; with Wreaths his Chariot hung, The Army followed with a joyful song. as by the Spectators also. Lib. iv. Od. iii. Horace, of Augustus, Tuque dum procedis, Io TRIUMPH, Non semel dicemus, Io TRIUMPH. Io TRIUMPH whilst you march in state, Io TRIUMPH we reiterate. Thus having briefly touched upon the Antiquity, and use of Triumphal Arches, we shall descend to the illustration of the Descriptions in particular. archway The first ARCH. MONDAY, April the two and twentieth, His MAJESTY went from the Tower, through the City, to Whitehall. In his passage through Crouched Friars, He was entertained with Music, a Band of eight Waits, placed on a Stage. Near Algate, another Band of six Waits entertained him in like manner with Music, from a Balcony, built to that purpose. In Leaden-Hall- Street, near Lime- Street End, was erected the first Triumphal Arch, after the Doric order. On the North-side, on a Pedestal before the Arch, was a Woman personating REBELLION, mounted on an Hydra, in a Crimson Robe, torn, Snakes crawling on her Habit, and begirt with Serpents, her Hair snaky, a Crown of Fire on her Head, a bloody Sword in one Hand, a charming Rod in the other. Her Attendant CONFUSION, in a deformed Shape, a Garment of several ill-matched Colours, and put on the wrong way; on her Head, Ruins of Castles; torn Crowns, and broken Sceptres in each Hand. THere was no War in the Roman, or Greek Commonwealths called by any name properly answering to Rebellion, which comprehends only the violation of that Natural duty, which the Subject owes to the supreme Governor: for though we find Rebellio in Tacitus, of Subjects that rise against their Prince, and Rebellis too in Claudian, speaking of afric a Subject to Rome, but then in Arms against the Roman Emperor under Gildo, as — segetes mirantur Iberas In Eutropium Lib. i. Horrea: nec Libyae senserunt damna rebellis Jam Transalpinâ contenti messe Quirites. The Roman Grange Iberian Corn admires, Nor did rebellious Libya's loss resent, But with Transalpine Harvests was content. and in another place, speaking of the Moors, De bello Gildonico. Nónne meam fugiet Maurus, cùm viderit, umbram? Quid dubitas? exsurge toris: invade rebellem: Captivum mihi redde meum— Will not the Moor fly when he sees my Ghost? Why doubtest Thou? rise: storm that Rebellious Coast; My Captive me restore.— Yet we find that word attributed also to Alarick, and his Army, no Subjects of the Roman Empire, but only Confederates, by the same Author, De VI Consulat. Honorii. Oblatum Stilico violato foedere Martem Omnibus arripuit votis, ubi Roma peric'lo Jam procul, & belli medius Padus arbiter ibat: Jámque opportunam motu strepuisse rebelli Gaudet perfidiam. He freely undertook so just a War, The League being broke, and Rome from danger far, While the Armies Po divides; Stilico Arms: Glad of th' occasion those Rebellious swarms In such a place conjoined. Wherefore we must look for its Description under Civil Discord, and Sedition, which Petronius Arbiter, in the Civil War betwixt Caesar and Pompey, has very elegantly delivered. Infremuere tubae, ac scisso DISCORDIA crine Extulit ad Superos Stygium caput. Hujus in ore Concretus sanguis, contusáque lumina flebant. Stabant atrati scabrâ rubigine dentes; Tabo lingua fluens; obsessa draconibus ora: Atque intertorto laceratam pectore vestem, Saguineam tremulâ quatiebat lampada dextrâ. The Trumpets sound, and Discord, with torn hair, Her Stygian front advanceth to the air. O'er her smeared Visage clotted blood lies spread, Her blubbered Eyes are beat into her Head, Her iron Teeth rough with a rusty scale, Her Tongue drops gore, Serpents her Brows impale: Rending her pleited Vest, and red Attire, Her trembling Hand brandisheth bloody Fire. But we cannot better take a view of Sedition, and Discord, then in the Description of the Authors of it, feigned to be the Furies: as Virgil, Tu potes unanimes armare in praelia fratres, Atque odiis versare domos: tu verbera tectis, Funereásque infer faces: tibi nomina mille, Mille nocendi arts: foecundum concute pectus. Disjice compositam pacem, sere crimina belli: Arma velit, poscátque simul, rapiátque juventus. Unanimous Brothers thou canst arm to fight, And settled Courts destroy with deadly spite: Storm Palaces with Steel, and Pitchy Flames, Thou hast a thousand wicked Arts, and Names: Thy Bosom disembogue, with Mischief full, And Articles concluding Peace annul. Then raise a War, and with bewitching Charms Make the mad People rage to take up Arms. Statius gives a Description of one of them very correspondent to ours, Thebay. Lib. i. Centum illi stantes umbrabant ora Cerastae: Turba minor diri capitis; Sedet intus abactis Ferrea lux oculis, qualis per nubila Phoebe's Atraciâ rubet arte labour: Suffusa veneno Tenditur, ac sanie gliscit cutis, igneus atro o'er vapour, quo longa sitis, morbìque, famésque, Et populis mors una venit, riget horrida tergo Palla, & caerulei redeunt in pectora nodi. Tum geminas quatit illa manus: haec igne rogali Fulminat, haec vivo manus aëra verberat hydro. An hundred Snakes up in a Party made From her dire Head, her horrid Temple's shade, Her fixed Eyes sunk, their Brazen Gleaming shroud, So charmed bright Phoebe blusheth through a Cloud: Poisoned her swollen Skin shines with gore, her Breath Ushers in Flame, Thirst, Famine, Plague, and Death: Her dreadful Robes rough on her Shoulders sit, Which on her Bosom Crimson Ribbans knit: Then both her hands she shakes; with Funeral Fire This thunders, that jerks Air with Serpents dire. Of Tisiphone Virgil, Aen. vi. Continuò sontes ultrix accincta flagello Tisiphone quatit insultans, toruósque sinistrâ Intentans angues, vocat agmina saeva sororum. Cruel Tisiphone insulting shakes Her dreadful Whip, and armed with twisted Snakes In her left hand, strait on the guilty falls, And Troops of unrelenting Furies calls. Pindar calls Sedition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a bad Nurse for Children. The reason may be taken from these Verses of Homer describing the consequents of it; Iliad. xxii. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. My slaughtered Sons, my Daughters ravished, see, My Court destroyed, and from the Nurse's knee Their tender Babes snatched by the cruel Foe, And in one Sea their Bloods commixed flow. The HYDRA, on which Rebellion is mounted, the Ancients have very variously represented. * In Corinthiacis. Pausanias' attributes but one Head to it, Pisander Camirensis † Ibid. many, Alcaeus nine, Simonides fifty, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, whom Virgil follows, Quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra Aen. vi. Savior intus habet sedem— Hydra with fifty ugly Jaws, one more Cruel than this by half, 's within the door. On the South Pedestal is a Representation of BRITTAIN'S MONARCHY, supported by LOYALTY, both Women; Monarchy, in a large Purple Robe, adorned with Diadems, and Sceptres, over which a lose Mantle, edged with blue and silver Fringe, resembling Water, the Map of Great Britain drawn on it, on her Head London, in her right Hand, Edinburgh; in her left, Dublin: Loyalty all in White, three Sceptres in her right Hand, three Crowns in her left. Purple is called by Tertullian Regiae dignitatis insigne, De Idololat. a Badge of Royal Dignity. Lactantius, Lib. iv. cap. seven. In Rufinum, Lib. two. Et sicuti nunc Romanis indumentum Purpurae insigne est Regiae dignitatis assumptae, sic illis, etc. Claudian of Rufinus, Imperii cerius; tegeret ceu Purpura dudum Corpus, & ardentes ambirent tempora gemmae. Certain of Empire, as if Purple now Had clothed his Limbs, and Gems impaled his Brow. So Strabo says, that the Posterity of Androclus, Son of Codrus King of Athens, had at Ephesus, besides many other Honours granted them, a Purple Robe in token of their Royal descent. According to which, we find in Sidonius Apollinaris, Purpuratus to be equivalent with Imperator, Epist. lib. two. Qui videbatur in jugulum Purpurati jamjam ruiturus; Epist. xiii. Who seemed ready to murder the Emperor: and, Serò cognoscunt, possereum Majestatis pronunciari etiam eum, qui non adfectâsset habitum Purpuratorum; They too late understand, that even he, that affected not the Habit of the Emperors, might be found guilty of Treason. From whence the Civilians observe, that it was Treason to assume the Royal Robes. And Ammianus Marcellinus speaks of a Woman, who had suborned several to accuse her Husband of High Treason, for having stolen the Emperor Diocletian's Purple Vest out of his Sepulchre, and hiding it. Eusebius; He (Diocletian) first beautified his Shoes with Gold, and Pearls, and precious Stones. For the Kings before him were honoured in the same manner with the Consuls, having only a Purple Vest for a badge of their Royalty, The same saith Paeanius, who translated Eutropius; The Royal Robe before was distinguished only by its Purple colour. Wherefore, when any resolved Tyrannically to seize upon the Royal Dignity, they immediately usurped a Purple Robe; which they sometimes forced from a Standard, In Gordianis. as Trebellius reports of Saturninus. The same Author; Gordianum Proconsulem reclamantem, & se terrae affligentem, opertum Purpurâ imperare coëgerunt & primò quidem invitus Gordianus Purpuram sumpserat: postea verò, quum vidit neque filio, neque familiae id latam esse, volens suscepit Imperium; They forced Gordian the Proconsul, who denied, and cast himself upon the ground, to be vested in Purple, and receive the Title of Emperor: at first he was very unwilling to receive the Purple Robe, but, when he saw, that that was unsafe for his Son, and Family, he received the Empire willingly. Where Purpurant sumere, and sumere Imperium, are the same. Sometimes they committed Sacrilege upon the Statues of the Gods. In Saturnino. Vopiscus; Depositâ Purpurâ ex simulachro Veneris, cum cyclade uxoria, à militibus circumstantibus amictus, & adoratus est; Taking a Purple Robe from the Statue of Venus, and his Wife's inner Vest of Gold, he was invested, and adored by the Soldiers as Emperor. Trebellius; Celsum Imperatorem appellaverunt peplo Deae Coelestis ornatum; They put on Celsus the Vest of the Goddess of Heaven, and called him Emperor. Wherefore, when we read of the Consular Purple Robes under the Roman Emperors, as in that of Latinus Pacatus, Quorum alter, post amplissimos Magistratus, & purpuras Consulares; and of Sidonius, — Te picta Togatum Purpura plus capiat; quia res est semper ab aevo Rara frequens Consul:— Purple should rather thee affect, since we One often made a Consul seldom see: it must be understood either of the Senatorian Segments added to their Consular Robes, or of a Purple mixed with some other Dye; which is mentioned in Theodosius' Code: as a Warp of Purple, the Woof of another colour, or the like. For the Imperial Interdict comprehends all of whatsoever degree; Temperent universi, cujuscunque sint sexûs, dignitatis, artis, professionis, & generis, ab hujúsmodi speciei possessione, quae soli Principi, ejusque domui dedicatur; Let every one, of what Sex, Dignity, Art, Profession, and Birth they be, forbear the possession of this sort of Purple, which is appropriated to the Prince alone, and his house. The first Imperial Edict of this nature is conceived to be in the time of the Emperor Nero: which is to be understood de holoveris, of pure unmixed Purple. Neither was Purple peculiar to the Imperial Robes only, but to their Pens too. The Emperor Leo forbade, that any Rescripts of his should bear other than a Purple Inscription. So Nicetas, in the Life of Manuel the Emperor, says, That, at his entrance upon the Empire, he sent Letters to Constantinople, written with Purple. Constantinus Manasses in his Annals, The Emperor granted the request of his Sister, and taking a Pen in his hand confirmed the Paper in Purple Letters. Epitome Chron. Werweronis. And Palaeologus the Emperor, swearing subjection to the Roman See in the Church of Santo Spirito at Rome, subscribed in Letters of Purple. The art of making this Purple, both for Robes, and Ink, L. Sacri, C. de diver. Rescr. is still preserved, but we meet not with the materials; though we have left us both the place, and manner of taking, preparing, and whatsoever is necessary for that purpose. Monarchy is said to be supported by Loyalty; because the Love of the Subject is the securest Guard of the Prince. Seneca, in a Discourse betwixt Nero and Seneca the Philosopher, NE. Ferrum tuetur Principem. SE. Meliùs Fides. NE. Decet timeri Caesarem. SE. At plûs diligi. NE. Arms Caesar guard. SE. But better Loyalty. NE. King's should be feared. SE. They rather loved should be. coin FIDES EXERCI TWM Which Posture is represented in these Medaigles of the Emperor's Trajan, and Hadrian, coin Num: T●AIANI Aug. SPOR OPTIMO PRINCIPI coin Num: HADRIANT Aug: ● C Claudian, speaking of a Rebellion in the Western parts of the Empire, Interea turbata FIDES, civilia rursus Bella tonant, dubiumque quatit Discordia mundum. Mean while the Peace was broke, Ensigns unfurled, And Discord thundering shaken the staggering World. Loyalty is clothed in white, to signify its purity, and innocency, Color albus praecipuè decorus Deo est, tum in caeteris, tum maximè in textili, Cicero. Horace. Lib. i Od. xxxv. Te Spes, & albo rara Fides colit Velata panno— thou Hope, and Faith embrace Clothed in white. The first Painting on the Southside is a Prospect of His majesty's landing at Dover-Castle, Ships at Sea, great Guns going off, one kneeling, and kissing the King's Hand, Soldiers, Horse, and Foot, and many People gazing; above, ADVENTUS AUG. " Beneath the Painting this Motto, IN SOLIDO RURSUS FORTUNA LOCAVIT. This Inscription ADVENTUS AUGUSTI is often found among the Coins of the Roman Emperors upon a peaceable return; Institut. Lib. xi. cap. iii. which is signified by the extension of the right hand: for saith Quintilian, Fit & ille habitus, qui esse in Statuis Pacificator solet, qui protenso brachio manum inflexo pollice extendit; That Gesture is used too, which in Statues is a token of Peace, which extends the Arm, and Hand, inflecting the Thumb. In which Posture there is extant at Rome the Statue of the Emperor M. Aurelius Antoninus: and another before the Lateran, mentioned in the Additions to Pierius. The same we find in the Coins of M. Julius Philippus, and Fl. Jovianus, with the same Inscription, ADVENTUS AUGUSTI. Croyiac. Tab. lviii. Baron. Tom. iv. Annal. coin Num: PHILIPPIS Aug: ADVENTUS AUGUSTI coin Num: P.L. JOVIANI Aug: ADVENTUS AUGUSTI The Painting on the North-side, opposite to this, is a Trophy with decollated Heads, having over it, ULTOR A TERGO DEUS. " Taken out of Horace, — sequitur Rebels Vltor à tergo Deus— " God's Vengeance Rebels at the Heels pursues. The Motto beneath, AUSI IMMANE NEFAS, AUS OQUE POTITI. A Trophy amongst the ancient Romans was ordinarily a Trunk of a Tree, fitted with the Arms of the Conquered Enemy, according to that of Virgil, Aen. Lib. xi. Ingentem quercum, decisis undique ramis, Constituit tumulo, fulgentiáque induit arma, Mezenti Ducis exuvias, tibi magne tropaeum Bellipotens: aptat rorantes sanguine cristas, Telâque trunca viri, & bis sex thoraca petitum Perfossumque locis, clypeumque ex aere finistrae Subligat, atque ensem collo suspendit eburnum. A stately Oak on Rising-Ground he placed, And Boughs disrobed, with glorious Armour graced; With King Mezentius Spoils the Trunks he loads, Great Mars, thy Trophy, Warlik'st of the Gods; His Breastplate, run twice six times thorough, rears, And Plumes bedewed with Blood, and broken Spears. His Brazen Shield on the left Shoulder tied, Hanging his Sword in Ivory by th'side. And in the same Book, Da nunc, Tybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro, Fortunam, atque viam duri per pectus Halesi, Haec arma, exuviásque viri tua quercus habebit. Grant, Father Tiber, Fortune to this Lance, And that this Javelin, which I now advance, May through Halesus Bosom passage make, And let thy Oak his Spoils, and Armour take▪ Statius, Thebay. Lib. two. Quercus erat, tenerae jamdudum oblita juventae, Huic laves galeas, perfossáque vulnere crebro Inserit arma ferens, huic truncos ictibus enses Subligat, & fractas membris spirantibus bastas. There was an aged Oak, on which he put Bruised Casks, and Corslets, thrust-through, hacked, and cut: Next Swords in Battle broken girds upon, And splintered Spears from dying Bodies drawn. The Trophy of Jupiter over the Giants is at large, and elegantly described by Claudian, — Phlegraeis sylva superbit De rapta Proserp. Lib. iii. Exuviis, totúmque nemus victoria vestit. Hìc patuli rictus, hic prodigiosa Gigantum Tergora dependent, & adhuc crudele minantur Affixae facies truncis: immaniáque ossa Serpentum passim tumulis exsanguibus albent, Et rigidae multo suspirant fulmine pelles, Nulláque non magni jactat se nominis arbour. Haec centum-gemini strictos Aegeonis enses Curvatâ vix fronde levat; liventibus illa Exultat Cori spoliis: haec arma Mimantis Sustinet; hos onerat ramos exutus Ophion. Altior & cunctis abies, umbrosáque latè, Ipsius Enceladi fumantia gestat opima Summi Terrigenûm regis, caderétque gravata Pondere, nì lapsum fulciret proxima quercus. Indè timor, numénque loco, nemorísque senectae Parcitur, aethereísque nefas nocuisse Tropaeis. — The Woods in Spoils Phlegraean pride, The whole Grove victory clothed. Here Gapings wide Of horrid Jaws; there Backs of hideous size Hung, and staked faces threatening still the Skies: Huge Serpents Skeletons in bloodless Piles There bleaching white lay in voluminous Coyls, Whose scaly Sloughs smell with Sulphureous Flame: No Tree but boasts some mighty Giant's Name. This, loaden, under stern Aegaeon yields, Who used an hundred Swords, as many Shields; That brags bold Corus' bloody Spoils: this bears The Arms of Mimas; that Ophion's wears. But higher than the rest, with spreading shade, A Fir Enceladus Crest and Corslet lad, The Giant's King; which with its weight had broke, If not supported by a neighbouring Oak. Hence a Religious Aw preserves the Woods, And none dares wrong the Trophies of the Gods. Lib. iii. cap. two. But when the City of Rome grew greater in power, the Trophies were more magnificent. L. Florus, How acceptable those two Victories were, may be conjectured from hence, that Domitius Ahenobarbus, and Fabius Maximus erected in the same place where the Battles were fought Turrets of Stone, upon which were Trophies, adorned with the Arms of the Enemy, a Custom not in use before amongst us. For the people of Rome never upbraided their Conquered Enemies with their Victories. statue front TROPHEA MARII DE BELLO CYMB R: PUTAT: AD AED. D CUSEBROM. statue back TROPHEA MARII DE BELLO CIMBR: PUTAT. AD AED. D: CUSEBROM ROMAE. These Trophies were consecrated to the Gods, and therefore could not be demolished without Sacrilege. So Dio says of Caesar, that, Lib. xlii. after his Pontic Victory, he durst not deface the Trophy of Mithridates, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, because sacred to the Gods of War. So, when his Friends had given order, that a Sword, which hung up in a Temple of the Arubeni, as a Spoil from Caesar, should be taken down, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, he would not suffer it, accounting it sacred. Vitruvius, Lib. two. Posteà autem Rhodii, religione impediti, quòd nefas esset Tropaea dicata removere, circa locum eum aedificium struxerunt; But afterwards the Rhodians, out of a religious fear, because it was unlawful to remove the dedicated Trophies, erected a Building about the place. The Gods, to whom the Romans consecrated their Trophies, we find in Livy: Omnis generis arma, Lib. xlv. cumulata in ingentem acervum, precatus Martem, Mineruámque, Luámque Matrem, & caeteros Deos, quibus spolia dicare jus fásque est. The Motto ULTOR A TERGO DEUS, over the Trophy, is in reference to the Coin of the Emperor Claudius, which represents Martem Vltorem with a Trophy on his Shoulder, coin CIAUDII Aug. MARS VLTOR but more particularly to that History of Augustus, who, after the War was ended, which he undertook for the revenge of his Father's blood, murdered by some Commonwealth's men in the Senate-house, Dio, lib. liv. consecrated a † Suetonius. Temple MARTI VLTORI, which he had vowed during the War. Ovid, Fast. Lib. v. Mars ades, & satia scelerato sanguine ferrum, Stétque Favor causa pro meliore tuus: Templa feres; &, me Victore, vocaberis ULTOR. Voverat, & fuso laetus ab hoste redit. Glut Steel, O Mars, with impious Blood; incline To my just Cause, a Temple shall be thine: I Conqueror, Thou shalt be REVENGER styled. He vowed, and glad returned, his Enemy foiled. The Form of the TEMPLE we have in this Coin of Augustus, Choul, Pag. 225. Num: OCTAVII Aug: coin Num OCTAVIT Aug ●AR●IS VL●●●● So when he had retaken the Colours from the Parthians, which Crassus had lost, Fast. ibid. he gave him the Title of BIS-ULTOR. Ovid, Ritè Deo Templúmque datum, noménque BIS-ULTOR, Emeritus voti debita solvit honour. The God BIS-ULTOR styled, his Temple made, So he his Vows devoutly paid. We find also mention of MARS VLTOR in an ancient Inscription in Gruter. Pag. cccxvii. 8. D. M. T. FLAVIO. AUG. LIB. LIBERALI. AEDITUO MARTIS. ULTORIS CLAUDIA. EX OCHE CONJUGI BENEMERENTI. ET. SIBI. FECIT. VIXIT. ANN. LVII. The Motto beneath the Trophy is taken out of Virgil who spoke it of those, who were, for the like Crimes, condemned to the Pains of Erebus, as he closes the Description of it in the Sixth of his Aeneis, Hîc quibus invisi fratres, dum vita manebat, Pulsatúsve parens, & fraus innexa clienti; Aut qui divitiis soli incubuêre repertis, Nec partem posuêre suis; (quae maxima turba est;) Quíque ob adulterium caesi, quíque arma secuti Impia, nec veriti dominorum fallere dextras; Inclusi poenam expectant: nè quaere doceri, Quam poenam; aut quae forma viros, fortunáve mersit. Saxum ingens volvunt alii, radiísque rotarum Districti pendent: sedet, aeternúmque sedebit Infelix Theseus: Phlegyâsque miserrimus omnes Admonet, & magnâ testatur voce per umbras, " Discite justitiam moniti, & non temnere Divos. Vendidit hic auro patriam, dominúmque potentem Imposuit; fixit leges pretio, atque refixit; Hic thalamum invasit natae, vetitósque Hymenaeos: Ausi omnes immane nefas, ausóque potiti. Here Brother-haters are with Pains repaid, Who slew their Parents, or their Friends betrayed; Or brooding lay on Golden Heaps alone, These thousands are, which did impart to none; Those in adultery slain; or those rebel, And did their native Prince to Traitors sell, Here meet their Dooms; seek not these Woes to sound, Nor by what way Fate did their Souls confound: These roll huge Stones, and stretched on Wheels do lie; There Theseus sits, and shall eternally; Aloud, through Shades, sad Phlegyas mourning cries, Admonished, Justice learn, nor Gods despise. This to a potent Prince his Country sold, And Laws enacted, and repealed for Gold; That beds his Daughter, and no Incest spared: All dared bold Crimes, and thrived in what they dared. The Painting over the Middle Arch represents the King, mounted in calm Motion, USURPATION flying before him, a Figure with many ill-favoured Heads, some bigger, some lesser, and one particularly shooting out of his Shoulder, like CROMWEL'S; Another Head upon his Rump, or tail; Two Harpies with a Crown, chased by an Angel; Hell's Jaws opening. Under the said Representation of the King pursuing Usurpation is this Motto, VOLVENDA DIES EN ATTULIT ULTRO, Taken out of the Ninth Book of the Aeneis, Turn, quod optanti Diuûm promittere nemo Auderet, volvenda dies, en! attulit ultró. What none of all the Gods durst grant, implored, Successive Time does of its own accord. The Harpies were described by the Ancients with the Faces of Virgins. Hesiod, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, In Theogonia. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Aello, and Ocupet, Harpies, who, Fair-haired, the Winds, and nimble Birds pursue, Born on swift Wings.— and Virgil, Aeneid. iii. — Quas dira Celaeno, See Rhodiginus, lib. xuj, cap. xxvi. Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineia postquàm Clausa domus, mensásque metu liquêre priores. Tristius haud illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla Pestis, & ira Deûm, Stygiis sese extulit undis. Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris Proluvies, uncaeque manus, & pallida semper Ora fame. Where dire Celaeno other Harpies led, When frighted they from Phineas Table fled. No Monster like to these, no Plague more fell, Nor sharper Vengeance Heaven e'er called from Hell. The Fowl have Virgin Faces, and hooked Claws, Still purging Bellies, always greedy Maws, With Hunger pale.— The Form of these Harpies is to be seen in Sculpture in the Church of Saint Martin at Venice, frequented, as a Masterpiece to draw these Monsters by, both by Carvers, and Painters; says Erythraeus on this place of Virgil. They were expressed also with crooked Claws, from whence they were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Apollonius, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Argenaut. Lib. two. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.— But Harpies, hurried swiftly through the Air, From Mouth, and Hands, with griping Talons tear Still all away.— Rutilius Numantianus, in his Itinerary, Harpyiae, quarum discerpitur unguibus Orbis, Quae pede glutineo quae tetigêre trahunt. Harpies, who rend the World, whose Birdlime Feet, And Talons, bear away whate'er they meet. coin L. VAL●●IVS In Eumenid. That they had Wings, we find in Aeschylus, who, mentioning the Furies asleep about Orestes, doubting what they should be, says, they could not be Harpies (for he had seen them often painted robbing Phineus' Table) because they had no Wings. Above the Arch, on two Pedestals, southward, and Northward, stand the Statues of King JAMES, and King CHARLES the First. In the middle somewhat higher, just over the Arch, the Statue of His Sacred Majesty. Under that of King JAMES, DIVO JACOBO. Under that of King CHARLES the First, DIVO CAROLO. Under that of His Majesty this following Inscription, D. N. CAROLO II. D. G. BRITANNIARUM IMP. OPT. MAX. UBIQVE VENERANDO, SEMPER AUG. BEATISSIMO AC PIISSIMO, BONO REIP. NATO, DE AVITA BRITANNIA, DE OMNIUM HOMINUM GENERE MERITISSIMO, P. P. EXTINCTORI TYRANNIDIS, RESTITUTORI LIBERTATIS, FUNDATORI QUIETIS, OB FELICEM REDITUM, EX VOTO L. M. P. S. P. Q. L. The Title of DIWS was constantly attributed by the Romans to their Emperors after their Consecration, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ovid, of Julius Caesar, Hanc animam intereà, caeso de corpore raptam, Fac Jubar, ut semper Capitolia nostra, Forúmque, DIVUS ab excelsa prospectet Julius aede. Mean while from his slain Corpse his Soul convey Up to the Stars, and give it a clear Ray: That he, now DIWS, may with influence Shine on our Capitol, and Court from thence. Aelius Spartianus; Hadrianus, rogante Antonino, DIWS à Senatu appellatus est: Hadrian, at the request of Antoninus his Successor, had the Title of DIVUS granted him by the Senate. So Claudian feigns the Emperor Theodosius to assume that Title immediately upon his death, — Cùm DIVUS abirem, Res incompositas, fateor, tumidásque reliqui. When I a GOD went hence, I left, 'tis true, The business hard, and much unsettled too. After which Consecration they had Temples dedicated to them, (which Augustus admitted, while he was yet alive) Flamens, and Vnder-Priests. Seneca of Augustus, In Octavia. Pietate gnati factus eximiâ Deus, Post fata consecratus, & Templis datus. Made by his Son's great Piety a God, Temples he built for him, and Altars had. Ibid. Sic ille patriae primus Augustus parens Complexus astra est, colitur & Templis Deus. Thus the first Father of his Country had In Heaven a place, and worshipped as a God. Spartian, Qui Templum ei pro Sepulchro apud Puteolos constituit, & Quinquennale certamen, & Flamen, & Sodales, & multa alia, quae ad honorem quasi Numinis pertinerent. The Senate erected him (Hadrian) a Temple for a Sepulchre at Puzzolo, with a Quinquennial Game, a Flamen, and Sodales, and many other things belonging to the Honour of a God. The Flamen, and Sodales of the deceased Emperor, we often meet with in ancient Inscriptions, as of Caesar's Flamen, M. PUBLICIO M. F. SAB. SEXTIO CALPURNIANO EQVO. PUBLICO FLAM. DIVI. JULI PRAEF. AEDIL. POT QUAESTOR. AERAR SACERD. JUVEN. BRIX COLLEGIA CENTON. ET. FABROR. and of Hadrian's Sodales, L. FABIO. M. F. GAL. CILONI SEPTIMINO. COS. PRAEF. URB LEGG. AUGG. PR.. PR.. PANNON SUPER DUCI. VEXILL. LEG. PRO PR.. PROVINCIAR. MOESIAE SUPER PONTI ET BITHYNIAE COMITI. AUG. LEG. AUGG. PRO PR.. PROV. GALATIAE PRAEF. AER. MILITARIS. PROV. COS. ITEM. Q. LEG. PROV. NARBONENS LEG. LEG. XVI. FL. F. SAMOSATE SODAL. HADRIANAL PR.. URB. TRIB. PLEB. Q. PROV CRETAE. TRIB. LEG. XI. CL. X. VIR STLITIB. JUDICANDIS MEDIOLANENSIS PATRONO. coin obverse DIWS ANTONINUS coin reverse CONSECRATIO SC coin obverse DIWS VERUS coin reverse CONSECRATIO Claudian has presumed to tell us the way they went thither, speaking of the Death of THEODOSIUS, De iii. Consulatu Honorii. — nec plura locutus, Sicut erat, liquido signavit tramite nubes, Ingreditúrque globum Lunae, luménque reliquit Arcadis, & Veneris clementes pervolat auras. Hinc Phoebi permensus iter, flammámque nocentem Gradivi, placidúmque Jovem, stetit arce supremâ, Algenti quo zona riget Saturnia tractu. Machina laxatur coeli, rutilaeque patescunt Sponte fores. Arctoa parat convexa Boötes, Australes reserat portas succinctus Orion, Invitántque novum sidus, pendéntque vicissim, Quas partes velit ille sequi, quibus esse sodalis Dignetur stellis, aut quâ regione moveri. — nor more he said, But through the yielding Clouds his passage made, And reached the Moon, than Mercury forsakes, And to the milder Sphere of Venus makes: Thence to the Sun, and Mars malignant fire, And milder Jove; then mounts the highest Sphere; Where in a colder Circle Saturn lords. Heaven's Purple Gates open of their own accords. Him to his Northern Car Boötes courts, Orion girt unlocks the Southern Ports, And the new Star invite: both him entreat He would vouchsafe to nominate his Seat; What Stars for his Associates he approved, And in which Constellation would be moved. They questioned not the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 even of the worst of their Emperors; as we see in these Verses of Lucan on Nero, that Prodigy of Nature, — Te, cùm, station peractâ, Astra petes serus, praelati regia coeli Excipiet gaudente polo: seu sceptra tenere, Seu te flammiferos Phoebi transcendere currus, Tellurémque, nihil mutato Sole timentem, Igne vago lustrare juvat: tibi Numine ab omni Cedetur, juríque tuo Natura relinquet, Quis Deus esse velis ubi regnum ponere mundi. Sed neque in Arctoo sedem tibi legeris orbe; Nec polus adversi calidus quà vergitur Austri; Vnde tuam videas obliquo sidere Romam. Aetheris immensi partem si presseris unam, Sentiet axis onus: librati pondera coeli Orb tene medio: pars aetheris illa sereni Tota vacet, nullaeque obstent à Caesare nubes. — Thee, ah! when, late, thou us shalt leave, Courts paved with Stars shall joyfully receive, Inviting thee to govern, or to sway In Phoebus' Chariot, and command the day: Earth will not fear to see a newer Sun With brighter Rays through th'old ecliptics run. Thee those, whom heavens Apartiments enclose, And Nature leaves unto thy own dispose, To be what God thou wilt, and where to reign: But not thy Palace near the Northern Wain; Nor Southern Stars intemperate Heat, erect, Rome to behold with an obliqne Aspect: Sat in the middle, lest the Pole should crack Under thy weight; poise the bright Zodiac, Clear a Celestial House, where never Cloud Shall Caesar's Star with dusky Vapours shroud. We find like expressions to those in the Inscription under His present Majesty, in several of the old ones collected by Gruter; as Page CLII 8. DN. GLORIOSISS. ADQ. IN CLUTUS. REX. THEODORICUS. VICT. AC. TRIF. SEMPER. AUG. BONO REIP. NATUS. CUSTOS. LIBERTATIS. ET PROPAGATOR. ROMANI. NOMINIS. DOMITOR. GENTIUM. And Page CCXLVII 3. IMP. CAES. NER. TRAIANO AUG. GERM. DAC. PARTH. PON MAX. TR. P. XV. COS. VI P. P. DE ROM. IMPERIO. DE. PATERNA ET. AVITA. HISP. PATRIA. ET. DE OMNI. HOMIN. GEN. MERITISS POPULARES. PROVINC AREVATUM OPTIMO. PRINC. Behind the said Figure of CHARLES the Second, in a large Table is deciphered the ROYAL OAK bearing Crowns, and Sceptres, instead of Acorns; amongst the Leaves, in a Label, MIRATURQVE NOVAS FRONDES ET NON SUA POMA. —" Leaves unknown " Admiring, and strange Apples not her Own. As designing its Reward for the Shelter afforded His Majesty after the Fight at Worcester: an expression of Virgil's, speaking of the Advancement of Fruits by the Art of Graffing. The upper Paintings on the East-side are Ruinous, representing the Disorder the Kingdom was in, during His majesty's Absence; with this Motto, EN QVO DISCORDIA CIVES! But on the Westside they are finished, to represent the Restauration of our Happiness by His majesty's Arrival; the Motto, FELIX TEMPORUM REPARATIO. On the Royal Oak in a Label, ROBUR BRITANNICUM. In allusion to His majesty's Royal Navy, those Floating Garrisons made of Oak. For Themistocles has observed, that † Tull. ad Attic. Lib. i Ep. seven. Whosoever desires a secure Dominion by Land, must first get the Dominion of the Sea. And therefore, when the Oracle, in the Median War, wished the Athenians to provide a Wall of Wood for their Defence, he * Plutarch. in vita Themistoclis, and De vitando are alieno. interpreted it a Navy. Over the Great Table, REDEUNT SATURNIA REGNA. Which are at large described by † Metam, Lib. i. Ovid, Aurea prima sata est aetas; quae, vindice nullo, Sponte suâ, sine lege, fidem, rectúmque colebat, etc. The Golden Age was first; which, uncompelled, And without rule, in Faith, and Truth excelled, As then, there was nor Punishment, nor Fear, Nor threatening Laws in Brass prescribed were. Nor suppliant crouching Prisoners shook to see Their angry Judge: but all was safe, and free. To visit other Worlds no wounded Pine Did yet from Hills to faithless Seas decline. Then unambitious Mortals knew no more, But their own country's Nature-bounded Shore. Nor Swords, nor Arms were yet: no Trenches round Besieged Towns, nor strifeful Trumpet's sound. The Soldier of no use. In firm content, And harmless ease, their happy days were spent. The yet-free Earth did of her own accord (Vntorn with Ploughs) all sorts of Fruit afford. 'Twas always Spring: warm Zephyrus sweetly blew On smiling Flowers, which without setting grew. Forthwith the Earth Corn, unmanured, bears; And every year renews her Golden Ears. With Milk, and Nectar, were the Rivers filled, And Honey from green Holly-Oaks distilled. Mr. SANDYS. Under King CHARLES the Second, RESTITUTOR URBIS. The Painting on the South-west side represents the Lord Mayor; delivering to the King the Keys of the City. In the Niches are four Figures. The first on the Southside, a Woman in pleasant Colours; the Emblem on her Shield, a Terrestrial Globe; the Sun rising, Bats, and Owls flying to the Shadow: the Word, EXCOECAT CANDOUR. The Second hath on her Escutcheon a Swarm of Bees, whetting their Stings: the Word, PRO REGE EXACUUNT. Pliny has observed, that of Animals none, but a Bee, has a King. Their Loyalty to him he has at large described. Nat. Hist. lib. xi. cap. xvii. The Obedience of the Communality is to be admired. Whensoever the KING goes forth, the whole Hive accompany him, gather round about him, encompass him, protect him, and suffer him not to be seen. Whensoever the Communality is at work, he oversees them, and is alone free from the labour. About him there is constantly a certain Guard, the daily preservers of his authority. When they go forth, every one desires to be next the King, and rejoices to be seen in his duty. When he is weary, they ease him with their shoulders: when he is altogether tired, they carry him. Claudian says, that they reverence their Prince at his Birth; — sic mollibus olim Stridula ducturum pratis examina Regem Nascentem venerantur apes.— So for their newborn King the Bees take Arms, Who's through the Meads to lead their humming swarms. From whence the Egyptians made a BEE the Hieroglyphic of a Loyal People. The Third, on the North side, hath on her Shield a Mountain burning, Cities, and Vine-yards destroyed, and ruined: the Word, IMPIA FOEDERA. The Covenant: in abhorrence of which villainous Combination, according to this Order of both Houses, it was burnt by the Common Hangman. Die Lunae 20. Maii 1661. THE Lords in Parliament assembled, having considered of a Paper sent unto them from the House of Commons, for burning of the Instrument, or Writing, called The Solemn League, or Covenant, by the Hands of the Common Hangman; Do Order, that the said Instrument, or Writing, called The Solemn League, and Covenant, be burned by the Hand of the Common Hangman in the New-Palace at Westminster, in Cheapside, and before the Old-Exchange on Wednesday the Twenty second of this instant May. And that the said Covenant be forthwith taken off the Record in the House of Peers, and in all other Courts, and Places, where the same is recorded; And that all Copies thereof be taken down out of all Churches, Chapels, and other public places in England, and Wales, and in the Town of Barwick upon tweed, where the same are set up. JO. BROWN Cleric. Parliamentorum. The Fourth hath on her Escutcheon an Arm, as it were out of the Clouds; in the Hand a naked Sword: the Motto, DISCITE JUSTITIAM MONITI. Eight Mutes above, on Pedestals; four in White, four in Crimson. The Music of this Fabric is ten Drummers, flanking REBELLION; twelve Trumpets flanking MONARCHY. Aloft under the two Devastations, twelve Trumpets, four Drums. Within the Arch, on two Balconies, six Trumpets, four Drums. While the Train passeth along, the Drums beat the Marches of several Countries, and the Trumpets sound several Levets. At which Time His Majesty drawing near, the Drums turn their March to a Battle, the Trumpets sound a Charge, and on a sudden REBELLION rouseth up herself, at which, Drums, and Trumpets ceasing, REBELLION addresses to His Majesty the following Speech. Stand! Stand! who 'ere You are! this Stage is Ours, The Names of Princes are inscribed on Flowers, And whither with them! Stand! You must Me know, To Kings, and Monarchy a deadly Foe; Me, who dare bid You 'midst Your Triumphs stand, In the great City of Your Native Land: I am Hell's Daughter, Satan's Eldest Child, When I first cried, the Powers of Darkness smiled, And my Glad Father, Thundering at my Birth, Vnhinged the Poles, and shook the fixed Earth. My dear Rebellion (that shall be thy Name, Said He) Thou Emperors, and Kings shalt tame, No Right so good, Succession none so long, But thou shalt vanquish by the Popular Throng, Those Legions, which t'enlarge our Power we send Throughout the World, shall Thee (my Dear) attend. Our mighty Champions, the seven Deadly Sins, By Malice, Profit, Pleasure, all their Gins, Bring to our Kingdom some few spotted Souls; Thou shalt by Treason hurry them in Shoals. Would You now know what Interest I have here? Hydra I ride: great Cities are my Sphere: I Sorc'ry use, and hang Men in their Beds, With Commonwealths, and Rotas fill their Heads, Making the Vulgar in Fanatique Swarms Court Civil War, and dote on Horrid Arms; 'Twas I, who, in the late unnatural Broils, Engaged three Kingdoms, and two Wealthy Isles: I hope, at last, to march with Flags unfurled, And tread down Monarchy through all the World. At which Words, Monarchy, and Loyalty, unveiling themselves, Rebellion starts as affrighted, but, recollecting herself, concludes her Speech thus. Ah! Britain, Ah! standest thou Triumphant there, Monarchick Isle? I shake with horrid Fear. Are thy Wounds whole? Upon thy Cheek fresh Smiles? Is Joy restored to these late mournful Isles? Ah! must He enter, and a King be Crowned? Then, as He riseth, sink we under Ground. Rebellion having ended her Speech, Monarchy entertains His Majesty with the following. To Hell, foul Fiend, shrink from this glorious Light, And hid thy Head in everlasting Night. Enter in Safety, Royal Sir, this Arch, And through your joyful Streets in Triumph march; Enter our Sun, our Comfort, and our Life. No more these Walls shall breed Intestine Strife: Henceforth Your People only shall contend In Loyalty each other to transcend. May Your Great Actions, and immortal Name, Be the whole Business, and Delight of Fame. May You, and Yours, in a Perpetual Calm Be Crowned with Laurel, and Triumphant Palm, And all Confess, whilst they in You are Blest, I, MONARCHY, of Governments am Best. Monarchy having ended her Speech, the Trumpets sound pleasant Levets, and the Drums beat a lofty English March, whilst His Majesty, the Nobility, and the Rearguard pass on. The next Entertainment is at Corn-hill-Conduit, on the top of which stand eight Nymphs clad in White, each having an Escutcheon in one Hand, and a Pendent, or Banner in the other. On the Tower of the said Conduit, a Noise of seven Trumpets. archway THE SECOND ARCH. NEAR the Exchange, in Cornhill, is erected the Second Arch, which is Naval. On the East-side were two Stages erected; on each side of the Street, one. In that on the Southside was a Person representing the River Thames; his Garment Lose, and Flowing, Colour Blue and White, waved like Water, a Mantle over, like a Sail; his Head crowned with London Bridg, Flags, and Ozier, like long Hair, falling o'ver his Shoulders, his Beard long, Sea-green, and White, curled; an Oar in his right Hand, the Model of a Ship in his left, an Urn beside him, out of which issued Water; four Attendants in White, representing the four fresh Streams, which fall into the River Thames, viz. Charwel, Lea, Coln, and Medway. The Ancients did very much differ in the Description of their Rivers, as Aelian * Var. Hist. lib. two. cap. xxxiii. relates. Those, that worship Rivers, and those, that make their Images, some form them in the likeness of Men, others in the likeness of Oxen. The Stymphalians liken the Rivers Erasinus and Metope, the Lacedæmonians Eurotas, the Sicyonians and Phliasians Asopus, the Argives Cephissus, unto Oxen. The Psophidians liken Erymanthus, the Heraeans Alphaeus, the Cherronesians, that came from Cnidus, the River Cnidus, to Men. The Athenians worship the River Cephissus under the form of a Man, but wearing Horns. In Sicily the Syracusians liken Anapus to a Man, but the Fountain Cyane to a Woman. Virgil * Georg. iv. describes Eridanus in the Form of an Ox. Et gemina auratus taurino cornua vultu Eridanus, quo non alius per pinguia culta In mare purpureum violentior influit amnis. Golden Eridanus, with a double Horn, Faced like a Bull, through fertile Fields of Corn, Than whom, none swifter, of the Ocean's Sons, Down to the Purple Adriatic runs. On which place says Probus; It's feigned like a Bull, either because its noise is like the lowing of a Bull, or because its Banks are crooked like Horns. The same says Cornutus. The Scholiast on Sophocles renders other reasons, either because they cut the ground like Oxen; or because Meadows, Pasture of Oxen, are always adjacent to them. HORACE; tauriformis Aufidus. So we find in Pindar that the Bull, † Pyth. which Perillus gave to the Tyrant Phalaris, was the Image of the River Gelon. Very frequently we find Horns attributed to them: as in Virgil * Aen. lib. viij. , Corniger Hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum, Adsis ô tandem, propius tua numina firmes. Horned Flood, of all th' Hesperian Rivers King, Now show thy power, and us assistance bring. Ovid, Cornibus hic fractis, viridi malè tectus ab ulva, Decolor ipse suo sanguine Rhenus erat. Here Rhine with Vine and Reeds ill covered stood, His Horns being broke, distained with Native Blood. Claudian, * De land. Etiliconis, lib. i — Rhenùmque minacem Cornibus infractis adeò mitescere cogis. — and threatening Rhine; His Horns being broke, thou didst to Peace incline. And again of Eridanus, De vi. Consul. Honorii. — ille caput placidis sublime fluentis Extulit, & totis lucem spargentia ripis. Aurea roranti micuerunt cornua vultu: Non illi madidum vulgaris arundine crinem Velat honos: rami caput umbrauêre virentes Heliadum, totísque fluunt electra capillis. Palla tegit latos humeros; currúque paterno Intextus Phaëthon glaucos incendit amictus. Raising his Head above his Wat'ry Ranks, His Golden Horns, reflecting, tipped the Banks With sprinkled light. Drops trickling from his Face: He his moist Hair veiled not with Oziers' base, And vulgar Reeds: fresh Pop'lars Shade his Brows, And Amber from his curled Tresses flows. A Robe his Shoulders hides; Phaethon's wrought there, His blue Vest burning in his Father's Chair. coin obverse S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCI●● DANWIUS coin reverse SALUS REIP. DANUBIUS Claudian * De Prob. & Olyb. of Tiber, — crispo densantur gramine colla: Vertice luxuriat toto crinalis arundo, etc. — taurina levantur Cornua temporibus raucos sudantia rivos, etc. Palla graves humeros velat, quam neverat uxor Ilia, percurrens vitreas sub gurgite telas. — his Neck ripe Harvest bound; An interwoven Reed his Temples crowned, etc. — And from his rising Horns distils A Sweat, which swells to Crystal Rills, etc. A Vest he wore, which Ilia, his Spouse With Crystal Looms wove in her Wat'ry House OVID, Metam. — capitis quoque fronde salignâ Aut superimpositâ celatur arundine damnum. — the damage of his Brows He shades with flaggie Wreaths, and sallow Boughs. The Statue indeed of the River Tiber, now extant in Rome, has its Head environed with several sorts of Leaves, and Fruits, to signify the fertility of the places near it, caused by the same: yet it recedes not so far from the Fiction of the Poets, but that it holds a Reed in its Hand. And the reason is, because these thrive best in watery places. They are ordinarily described too leaning on an Urn, out of which issues Water. VIRGIL, describing the Shield of Turnus, Caelatâque amnem fundens pater InachusVrnâ. And Inachus powers Water from his Urn. CLAUDIAN † De vi. Consul. Honorii. of Eridanus, Fultáque sub gremio caelatis nobilis astris Aethereum probat urna decus.— An Urn he bore, graved with Celestial Signs That proved his high descent.— So is Danubius represented in the Coins now mentioned. There is a little Image of Nile leaning on its right Hand, with its left Hand pouring out Water from three Urns with one handle, about which play sixteen little Children. Why Nile should be figured with three Urns, this reason is given: because the Egyptian Priests attributed the increase of it to three several causes especially, rejecting all other opinions, which were innumerable. The sixteen Children are the Hieroglyphic of sixteen Cubits, the proper increase of the River Nile: for, if it swollen higher, it caused dearth: for, by how much the more it swelled, so much the longer it was before it returned into its Channel, by which means the Seedtime was lost: if much under fifteen, it irrigated not the whole Land, and so part was unfit to receive Seed. PLINY; Justum incrementum est cubitorum sedecim. Minores aquae non omnia rigant; ampliores detinent, tardiùs recedendo. Hae serendi tempora absumunt, illae non dant sitiente. Vtrumque reputat Provincia. In duodecim cubitis famem sentit, in tredecim etiamnum esurit, quatuordecim cubita hilaritatem afferunt, quindecim securitatem, sexdecim delicias. There was also not long since a Marble Coloss of the River Nile digged up at Rome with sixteen Infants playing about it. And so doth Philostratus describe it. Of the falling of the Mole, and Medway into the Thames, Draighton has feigned a pleasant Relation. At length it came to pass, that Isis, and her Tame, Of Medway understood, a Nymph of wondrous Fame. And much desirous were their Princely Tames should prove If, as a Wooer, he could win her Maiden-love. That of so great descent, and of so large a Dower Might well ally their House, and much increase his Power: And striving to prefer their Son the best they may, Set forth the lusty Flood in rich and brave Array; Banked with embroidered Meads, of sundry suits of Flowers, His Breast adorned with Swans, oft vvashed with Silver Showers: A Train of gallant Floods, at such a costly rate, As might beseem their care, and fitting his Estate. Attended, and attired magnificently, thus They send him to the Court of great Oceanus, The World's huge Wealth to see; yet with a full intent, To woe the lovely Nymph, fair Medway, as he went. Who to his Dame and Sire his duty scarce had done, And whilst they sadly wept at parting of their Son, See what the Tames befell, when 'twas suspected lest. As still his goodly Train yet every hour increased, And from the Surrian Shore's clear Wey came down to meet His Greatness, whom the Tames so graciously doth greet, That with the Fearn-crowned Flood he, Minion-like, doth play; Yet is not this the Brook enticeth him to stay: But, as they thus in pomp came sporting on the shoal, Against Hampton-Court he meets the soft and gentle Mole; Whose eyes so pierced his Breast, that seeming to foreslow The way, which he so long-intended was to go, With trifling up and down he wandreth here and there, And that he in her sight transparent might appear, Applies himself to Fords, and setteth his delight On that, which most might make him gracious in her sight. Then Isis and the Tame from their conjoined Bed, Desirous still to learn how Tames their Son had sped, (For greatly they had hoped, his time had so been spent, That he ere this had won the goodly Heir of Kent) And, sending to inquire, had News returned again (By such as they employed on purpose in his Train) How this their only Heir, the Isle's imperial Flood, Had loitered thus in love, neglectful of his good. No marvel at the News, though Owse and Tame were sad, More comfort of their Son expecting to have had, Nor blame them, in their looks much sorrow though they showed, Who, fearing lest he might thus meanly be bestowed, And knowing danger still increased by delay, Employ their utmost power to hasten him away. But Tames would hardly on: oft turning back to show, From his much-loved Mole how loath he was to go. The Mother of the Mole, old Homes-dale, likewise bears The affection of her Child, as ill as they do theirs: Who, nobly though derived, yet could have been content, T'have matched her with a Flood of far more mean descent. But Mole respects her words, as vain and idle Dreams, Compared with that high joy to be beloved of Tames; And headlong holds her course his Company to win: But Homes-dale raised Hills, to keep the straggler in; That of her Daughter's stay she need no more to doubt: (Yet never was there help, but Love could find it out.) Mole digs herself a Path, by working Day and Night, (According to her Name, to show her Nature right) And underneath the Earth for three mile's space doth creep, Till gotten out of sight, quite from her Mother's keep, Her fore-intended course the wanton Nymph doth run, As longing to embrace old Tame and Isis Son. When Tames now understood, what pains the Mole did take, How far the loving Nymph adventured for his sake; Although with Medway matched, yet never could remove The often-quickning sparks of his more ancient love. So that it comes to pass, when by great Nature's guide The Ocean doth return, and thrusteth-in the Tide, Up, towards the place, where first his much-loved Mole was seen, He ever since doth flow, beyond delightful Sheen. Mr. DRAYTON in his Polyolbion. In the other Stage on the North-side, which is made like the upper Deck of a Ship, were three Seamen, whereof one habited like a Boatswain. A Shield, or Table, in the Front of the Arch, bears this Inscription, NEPTUNO BRITANNICO, CAROLO TWO, CUJUS ARBITRIO MARE VEL LIBERUM, VEL CLAUSUM. The Dominion of the Sea (signified here by this Inscription) has been in all Ages so remarkable, that, when the Grecian Chronographers could find no Foot-step of Supreme Empire by Land, before the institution of their Olympiads, on whose Actions they could found their Chronography, they directed the Series of Time according to the succession of those Nations, who had the Empire of the Sea: which we see in † Chronico. Eusebius; who reckons up nine several Nations, who successively held it, before the institution of the Olympiads, and distinctly enumerates the years they retained it. The same right the Grecians challenged in their League with Artaxerxes, King of a vast part of ASIA, after the overthrow of his Naval Forces by Cimon the Athenian Admiral, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. That he should not within a Horse Race approach the Greek Sea, nor sail within the Cyanean, and Chelidonian Islands with any Man of War. The same Dominion of the Sea was afterwards assumed by the Romans, as we find by the Commission granted to Pompey, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. That he should have the Empire of the Sea within the straits, and of the Continent for four hundred Stadia from the Sea. And not long after Dionysius Halicarnassaeus says, * Orig. Rom. Lib. i. That Rome was Empress of the whole Sea, not only of that within the straits, but of the Ocean itself, as far as it was Navigable. Whence Augustus had a Dolphin in his Coins to signify that Dominion, And * In Prologo. Valerius Maximus, to Tiberius the Emperor, The Consent both of Gods and Men has constituted you Governor of Sea, and Land. Afterwards Claudian † De vi. Consul. Honorii. , — terrae dominos pelagíque futuros, Immenso decuit rerum de Principe nasci. Those, who must rule both Sea, and Land, Ought to be Prince's Sons of great Command. And sure, if any Nation may plead Prescription for this Title, the King of ENGLAND may, having had a longer uninterrupted Succession in the Dominion of the BRITISH Seas, than the ROMANS in the Mediterranean, or any other Nation, that History has acquainted us with. The Antiquity whereof being purposely, and at large declared by Mr. SELDEN, we shall only take notice of two Records of it, the one taken out of the Laws of Hoëlus Dha, Prince of WALES, about the Year, 982. viz. Quos cum Cunadio Rege Scotorum, Malcolmo Rege Cambrorum, & Maccusio Archipirata, ad civitatem Legionum sibi occurrentes, Rex Anglorum Eadgarus in Triumphi pompam deducebat. Vnà enim impositos remigrare eos hanc coegit, dum in Prora ipse sedens Navis tennit gubernaculum: ut se hoc spectaculo Soli & Sali orbis Britannici Dominum praedicaret, & Monarcham. The other is a Record in the Tower of London, entitled De superioritate maris Angliae, etc. in which it evidently appears, that the Dominion of the British Seas belonged to the Kings of England time out of mind, even before Edward the First, and was so acknowledged by other Neighbouring Nations; out of which we shall only extract so much as may serve for our present purpose, viz. That the Procuratours of the Admiral of the Sea of England, and of other places, as of the Sea Coasts, as of Genoa, Catalonia, Spain, Almain, Zealand, Holland, Freezland, Denmark, and Norway, do show that the Kings of England, time out of mind, have been in peaceable possession of the Seas of England, in making, and establishing Laws, and Statutes, and Restraints of Arms, and of Ships, etc. and in taking Surety, etc. and in ordering all other things necessary for the maintaining of Peace, Right, and Equity, etc. and in doing Justice, Right, and Law, according to the said Laws, Ordinances, and Restraints, and in all other things, which may appertain to the exercise of Sovereign Dominion in the places aforesaid. The first Painting on the North side over the City-Arms, represents NEPTUNE, with his Trident advanced; the Inscription, NEPTUNO REDUCI. NEPTUNE'S Statue is seldom seen without a Trident in its hand. Pausanias † In Phocicis. , Within the Temple there is an erect Brazen Statue (of NEPTUNE) with one foot upon a Dolphin, and on that side his Hand on his Thigh; in his other Hand a Trident. And so he is every where described by the Poets. Perque tuum, pater Aegei Neptune, Tridentem. But more of this hereafter. The Motto NEPTUNO REDUCI we find in two Medaigles, the one of the Emperor Adrian, the other of Vespasian, with these Letters on one side NEPT. RED. and the image of one standing naked, a Mantle on his left Shoulder, in his right Hand a Whip with three Cords, in his left a Trident. On the Southside, opposite, MARS, with his Spear inverted, his Shield charged with a Gorgon; by his Knees, the Motto, MARTI PACIFERO. So HOMER describes the Shield of Agamemnon, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The Sable Field charged with a Gorgon's Head, Mantled about with dismal Flight, and Dread: and in another place the Armour of Pallas, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Amidst, that horrid Monster Gorgon's Head, Jove's direst Omen, fierce, and full of dread, Pausanias; Under the Statue of Victory lies a Golden Shield, with a Gorgon wrought upon it. And it is observed by the Scholiast on * In Acharn. Aristophanes, that it was Customary among the Grecians to have a Gorgon's Head on their Shields, as he represents † In Pace. Lamachus'. The Form of this Gorgon's Head is still to be seen at Rome on the Statues of the Emperor's Vespasian and Domitian. It was feigned with Wings, to signify the present death, that attended it: for whoever looked on it, immediately was turned into Stone. Metam. lib. v. Fab. i. The which at large, and very elegantly is declared by Ovid, But when he saw his Valour overswayed By Multitude; I must, said he, seek aid (Since you yourselves compel me) from my Foe; Friends turn your Backs: then Gorgon's Head doth show. Some others seek, said Thessalus, to fright With this thy Monster, and with all his might A deadly Dart endeavoured to have thrown: But in that Positure became a Stone. Next Amphix, full of spirit, forward pressed, And thrust his Sword at bold Lyncides' Breast: When in the Pass his Fingers stupid grow, Nor had the power of moving to or fro. But Nileus (he, who with a forged stile Vaunted to be the Son of sev'nfold Nile, And bare seven Silver Rivers in his Shield, Distinctly waving through a Golden Field) To Perseus said; Behold, from whence we sprung! To ever-silent Shadows bear along This comfort of thy Death, that thou didst die By such a brave, and highborn Enemy. His utterance faulter'd in the latter Clause, The yet unfinished Word stuck in his Jaws; Who gaping stood, as he would something say, And so had done, if words had found a way. These Eryx blames; 'Tis your faint Souls, that dead Your Powers, said he, and not the Gorgon's Head: Rush on with me, and prostrate with deep Wounds This Youth, who thus with Magic Arms confounds. Then rushing on, the ground his footsteps stayed Now mutely fixed, an armed Statue made. These suffered worthily. One, who did fight For Perseus, bold Aconteus, at the sight Of Gorgon's Snakes abortive Marble grew, On whom Astyages in fury flew, As if alive, with his two-handled Blade, Which shrilly twanged, but no incision made. Who, whilst he wonders, the same Nature took, And now his Statue has a wondering look. It were too tedious for me to report Their Names, who perished of the vulgar sort: Two hundred scaped the fury of the Fight; Two hundred turned to stone at Gorgon's sight. Mr. SANDYS. The Head is thus described † Epithal. Pol. by SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS, Gorgo tenet pectus medium, factura videnti Et truncata moras, nitet insidiosa superbùm Effigies, viuítque animâ pereunte venustas. Alta cerastarum spiris caput asperat atrum Congeries, torquet maculosa volumina mordax Crinis, & irati dant sibila tetra capilli. The Gorgon's Head, which guards her Bosom, would Change thee to Statue, shouldst thou it behold. The treacherous Face shows proudly, and, though dead, Life's beauty keeps. Snakes, matted round her Head, In speckled Curls voluminously wreath, And biting Tresses direly-hissing breath. PAUSANIAS' * In Arcad. reports, that Pallas made a City impregnable, by communicating only a little Hair cut off from her Gorgon's Head. coin obverse IMP CM AURELIA CL. QVINTILLUS coin reverse MARTI PACIFERO So we find, that the Romans erected a Temple to Mars Quirinus, as well as Mars Gradivus. The first had his Temple within the City: the other without in the Appian-way, not far from the Gate. The one, with a gentle, sedate Countenance, to preserve the tranquillity, and peace of the City: the other, to go out with them in their Wars abroad. Gellius * Nect. Att. Lib. xiii. says, That Hersila speaking before T. Tatius, and desiring Peace, prayed on this manner, O Neria, Wife of Mars, I beseech thee to grant us Peace, that we may enjoy a during, and prosperous Marriage. And therefore the Olive, the Symbol of Peace, was consecrated to Pallas, the Goddess of War; because War is therefore undertaken, that a secure Peace may be enjoyed. Ideò arma inferri dicuntur, ut posteà in pace vivatur, says Pliny. " Over the Arch, the Marriage of Thame and Isis. The Marriage of Rivers is a frequent Fiction among the Poets: as of Alpheus and Arethusa; therefore feigned, because Alpheus, a River of Elis in the Morea, passeth through the Ocean, unmixed, to the River Arethusa in the Island Ortygia, near Syracuse, a City of Sicily. Which passage has been often tried, as by a Cup, says † Geogr. Lib. vi. Strabo, let fall in the River Alpheus in Elis, and found in Arethusa: maintained also by an Oracle given to Archias, a Corinthian, that he should thither deduce a Colony, where Alpheus is mingled with the Fountain of Arethusa. The Marriage of these two we have described by * Metam. Lib. v. OVID, where the Nymph Arethusa speaks, being ready to be turned into a River; Cold Sweats my then-besieged Limbs possessed: In thin thick-falling Drops my strength decreased. Where e'er I step, Streams run; my Hair new fell In trickling Dew; and, sooner than I tell My Destiny, into a Flood I grew. The River his beloved Waters knew; And, putting off th'assumed shape of Man, Resumes his own, and in my Current ran. chaste Delia cloven the ground: then, through blind Caves, To loved Ortygia she conducts my Waves, Affected for her Name: where first I take Review of day. This Arethusa spoke. Mr. SANDYS. Thus Anapus, and Cyane are feigned mutual Lovers; because their Waters unite, Ibid. and run together into the Sea. OVID, — quòd si componere magnis Parva mihi fas est; & me dilexit Anapus: Exorata tamen, nec, ùt haec, exterrita nupsi. If humble things I may compare with great, Anapus loved me; yet did he entreat, And me, not frighted thus, espoused. The Marriage of Tibur and Ilia is frequently mentioned, OVID, speaking of both, Atque ità se in rapidas perdita misit aquas: Supposuisse manus ad pectora lubricus amnis Dicitur, & socii jura dedisse thori. She leaped amidst the Stream with grief oppressed: The River puts his hand beneath her Breast, And, as they say, unloosed her Virgin-Cest. In another place, Nec te praetereo, qui, per cava saxa volutus, Tiburis Argaei spumifer arva rigas: Ilia cui placuit.— Nor thee, rolled through worn Rocks, do I pass by, Who on Tyburtian Grounds dost foaming lie: Whom Ilia pleased.— SILIUS ITALICUS, Lib. xii. Ad genitorem Anio labens sine murmur Tibrim. Hic, ùt signa ferox, dimensáque castra locavit, Et ripas tremefecit eques, perterrita pulsis Ilia prima vadis sacro se conjugis antro Condidit.— — but on, like a rude Storm, he goes To those low Banks, where Anio gently flows With Sulphurous Waters, and with Silence, to Old Tiber's Arms; when here the Line he drew Of's Camp, and set his Standard up, and shook His Banks with's Cavalry, first Ilia, struck With Fear, flies to her Husband's sacred Cave, And all the frighted Nymphs the Water leave. Mr. ROSS. The Marriage of Tame and Isis, here mentioned is pleasantly related by Mr. DRAYTON † In his Polyolbion, Song 15. ; Now Fame had through this I'll divulged, in every ear, The long-expected day of Marriage to be near, That Isis, Cotswold's Heir, long-wooed, was lastly won, And instantly should wed with Tame, old Chilterns Son. And now that Wood-man's Wife, the Mother of the Flood, The rich and goodly Vale of Alesbury, that stood So much upon her Tame, was busied in her Bowers, Preparing for her Son as many Suits of Flowers, At Cotsall for the Bride, his Isis, lately made; Who for the lovely Tame, her Bridegroom, only stayed. Whilst every Crystal Flood is to this business pressed, The cause of their great speed and many thus request; O! whither go ye Floods? what sudden Wind doth blow, Then other of your kind that you so fast should flow? What business is in hand, that spurs you thus away? Fair Windrush, let me hear, I pray thee, Charwel say: They suddenly reply, What lets, you should not see, That for this Nuptial Feast we all prepared be? Therefore this idle chat our Ears doth but offend; Our leisure serves not now these Trifles to attend. But, whilst things are in hand, old Chiltern (for his life) From prodigal expense can no way keep his Wife; Who feeds her Tame with Marl, in Cordial-wise prepared, And thinks all idly spent, that now she only spared In setting forth her Son: nor can she think it well, Unless her lavish charge do Cotswold's far excel. For Alesbury's a Vale, that walloweth in her Wealth, And (by her wholesome Air continually in health) Is lusty; frim, and fat, and holds her youthful strength. Besides her fruitful Earth, her mighty breadth, and length, Doth Chiltern fitly match: which mountainously high, And being very long, so likewise she doth lie; From the Bedfordian Fields, where first she doth begin, To fashion like a Vale, to th'place where Tame doth win His Isis wished Bed; her Soil throughout so sure, For goodness of her Glebe, and for her Pasture pure, That as her Grain, and Grass, so she her Sheep doth breed, For Burden, and for Bone, all other that exceed: And she, which thus in Wealth abundantly doth flow, Now cares not on her Child what cost she do bestow. Which when wise Chiltern saw (the World who long had tried, And now at last had laid all garish Pomp aside; Whose hoar and chalky Head descried him to be old, His Beechen Woods bereft, that kept him from the Cold) Would fain persuade the Vale to hold a steady rate; And with his curious Wife thus wisely doth debate: Quoth he, you might allow what needeth, to the most: But where as less will serve, what means this idle Cost? Too much a Surfeit breeds, and may our Child annoy: These fat and luscious Meats do but our Stomaches cloy. The modest comely mean in all things likes the Wise, Apparel often shows us Womanish precise. And what will Cotsall think, when he shall hear of this? He'll rather blame your Waste, then praise your Cost, I wiss. But, Women wilful be, and she her Will must have, Nor cares how Chiltern chides, so that her Tame be brave. Alone which towards his Love she easily doth convey; For the Oxonian Owse was lately sent away From Buckingham, where first he finds his nimbler Feet; Towards Whittlewood then takes: where, past the noblest Street, He to the Forest gives his farewell, and doth keep His course directly down into the Germane Deep, To publish that great day in mighty Neptune's Hall, That all the Sea-gods there might keep it Festival. As we have told how Tame holds on his even course, Return we to report, how Isis from her source Comes tripping with delight, down from her daintier Springs; And in her Princely Train, t'attend her Marriage, brings Clear Churnet, Coln, and Leech, which first she did retain, With Windrush: and with her (all outrage to restrain, Which well might offered be to Isis, as she went) Came Yenload with a Guard of Satyrs, which were sent From Whichwood, to await the bright and Godlike Dame. So Bernwood did bequeath his Satyrs to the Tame, For Sticklers in those stirs, that at the Feast should be. These Preparations great when Charwel comes to see, To Oxford got before, to entertain the Flood, Apollo's Aid he begs, with all his sacred Brood, To that most learned place to welcome her repair, Who in her coming on was waxed so wondrous fair, That; meeting, strife arose betwixt them, whether they Her Beauty should extol, or she admire their Bay. On whom their several gifts (to amplify her Dower) The Muses there bestow; which ever have the power Immortal her to make. And, as she passed along, Those modest Thespian Maids thus to their Isis' song. Ye Daughters of the Hills, come down from every side, And due attendance give upon the lovely Bride: Go strew the Paths with Flowers, by which she is to pass: For be ye thus assured, in Albion never was A Beauty (yet) like hers: where have ye ever seen So absolute a Nymph in all things, for a Queen? Give instantly in charge the day be wondrous fair, That no disordered Blast attempt her braided Hair. Go, see her State prepared, and every thing be fit, The Bride-Chamber adorned with all beseeming it. And for the Princely Groom, who ever yet could name A Flood, that is so fit for Isis, as the Tame? Ye both so lovely are, that knowledge scarce can tell, For Feature whether he, or Beauty she excel: That, ravished with joy each other to behold, When as your Crystal Wastes you closely do enfold, Betwixt your beauteous selves you shall beget a Son, That when your lives shall end, in him shall be begun. The pleasant Surrian Shores shall in that Flood delight, And Kent esteem herself most happy in his sight. The Shire that London loves, shall only him prefer, And give full many a gift to hold him near to her. The Skeld, the goodly Mose, the rich and Viny Rhein, Shall come to meet the Thames in Neptune's watery Plain. And all the Belgian Streams, and neighbouring Floods of Gaul, Of him shall stand in awe, his Tributaries all. As of fair Isis thus the learned Virgins spoke, A shrill and sudden Bruit this Prothalamion broke; That White-horse, for the love she bore to her Ally, And honoured Sister-Vale, the bounteous Alesbury, Sent Presents to the Tame, by Ock her only Flood, Which for his Mother-Vale so much on greatness stood. From Oxford Isis hasts more speedily, to see That River, like his Birth, might entertained be: For that ambitious Vale, still striving to command, And using for her place continually to stand, Proud White-horse to persuade much business there hath been, T'acknowledge that great Vale of Eusham for her Queen. And but that Eusham is so opulent, and great, That thereby she herself holds in the Sovereign Seat, This White-horse all the Vales of Britain would or'ebear, And absolutely sit in the Imperial Chair; And beasts as goodly Herds, and numerous Flocks to feed, To have as soft a Glebe, as good increase of Seed; As pure and fresh an Air upon her Face to flow, As Eusham for her life: and from her Steed doth show, Her lusty rising Downs as fair a Prospect take, As that imperious Wold; which her great Queen doth make So wondrously admired, and her so far extend. But to the Marriage, hence, industrious Muse descend. The Naïads, and the Nymphs extremely overjoyed, And on the winding Banks all busily employed, Upon this joyful day, some dainty Chaplets twine; Some others chosen out, with fingers neat and fine, Brave Anadems do make: some Bauldricks up do bind; Some, Garlands: and to some the Nosegays were assigned; As best their Skill did serve. But, for that Tame should be Still manlike as himself, therefore they will, that he Should not be dressed with Flowers, to Gardens that belong, (His Bride that better fit) but only such as sprung From the replenished Meads, and fruitful Pastures near: To sort which Flowers some sit; some making Garlands were; The Primrose placing first, because that in the Spring It is the first appears, then only flourishing; The azur'd Harebell next with them they neatly mixed: T'allay whose luscious Smell they Woodbine placed betwixt. Amongst those things of scent, there prick they in the Lily; And near to that again her Sister Daffodil. To sort these Flowers of show with th'other that were sweet, The Cowslip than they couch, and th'oxslip, for her meet: The Columbine amongst they sparingly do set, The Yellow King-cup, wrought in many a curious fret, And now and then among, of Eglantine a spray, By which again a course of Lady-smocks they lay: The Crowflower, and thereby the Clover-flower they stick, The daisy over all those sundry sweets so thick, As Nature doth herself; to imitate her right: Who seems in that her Pearl so greatly to delight, That every Plain therewith she powd'reth to behold: The crimson Darnel Flower, the Blue-bottle, and Gold; Which though esteemed but Weeds, yet for their dainty hews, And for their scent not ill, they for their purpose choose. Thus having told you how the Bridegroom Tame was dressed, I'll show you how the Bride, fair Isis, they invest; Sitting to be attired under her Bower of State, Which scorns a meaner sort, then fits a Princely rate. In Anadems, for whom they curiously dispose The Red, the dainty White, the goodly Damask Rose, For the rich Ruby, Pearl, and Amethyst, men place In Kings Imperial Crowns, the Circle that enchase. The brave Carnation then, with sweet and sovereign power (So of his colour called, although a July-flower) With th'other of his kind, the speckled and the pale: Then th'odoriferous Pink, that sends forth such a Gale Of sweetness; yet in scents, as various as in sorts. The Purple Violet then, the Pansie there supports: The Marigold above t'adorn the arched Bar; The double daisy, Thrift, the Button-batcheler, Sweet William, Sops in Wine, the Campion: and to these, Some Lavender they put, with Rosemary and Bays: Sweet Marjoram, with her like, sweet Basil rare for smell, With many a Flower, whose name were now too long to tell: And rarely with the rest, the goodly Flower-delice. Thus for the nuptial hour, all fitted point-device, Whilst some still busied are in decking of the Bride, Some others were again as seriously employed In strewing of those Herbs, at Bridals used that be: Which every where they throw with bounteous hands and f● The healthful Balm and Mint, from their full laps do fly, The scent-ful Camomile, the verdurous Costmary. They hot Muscado oft with milder Maudlin cast: Strong Tansey, Fennel cool, they prodigally waste: Clear Isop, and therewith the comfortable Thyme, Germander with the rest, each thing then in her prime; As well of wholesome Herbs, as every pleasant Flower, Which Nature here produced, to fit this happy hour. Amongst these strewing kinds, some other wild that grow, As Burnet, all abroad, and Meadow-wort they throw. The Painting on the North-side, over Neptune, represents the EXCHANGE; the Motto, — GENERIS LAPSI SARCIRE RUINAS. An Expression of Virgil's, in the fourth of his Georgics, speaking of the Industry of Bees, never discouraged by their Losses; his Description of it running thus, Quò magis exhaustae fuerint, hoc acriùs omnes Incumbent generis lapsi sarcire ruinas, Complebúntque Foros, & Floribus Horrea texent. How much by Fortune they exhausted are, So much they strive the Ruins to repair Of their fallen Nation, and they fill th' Exchange, Adorning with the choicest Flowers their Grange. The Painting on the Southside, over Mars, shows the TOWER of London; the Inscription, CLAUDUNTUR BELLI PORTAE. This is in reference to the Temple of JANUS, never shut, but in the time of Peace; nor opened, but in time of War. Therefore, when King Latinus had refused to raise a War against Aeneas, and his Followers, and to that purpose, to open the Gates of the Temple of JANUS, Juno, resolving to have a War prosecuted against him, opened them herself: mentioned by VIRGIL † Aenid. seven. , Hoc & tum Aeneadis indicere bella Latinus More jubebatur, tristésque RECLUDERE PORTAS. Abstinuit tactu Pater, aversúsque refugit Foeda ministeria, & caecis se condidit umbris. Tum Regina Deûm, coelo delapsa, morantes Impulit ipsa manu PORTAS: &, cardine verso, Belli ferratos rupit Saturnia posts. The King was here required by the State's War to denounce, and OPEN JANUS GATES. He flies th'Engagement, and so foul a Cause, And strait himself to privacy withdraws. Then from high Heaven the Queen of Gods descends, And the resisting Portals open rents. She breaks the Hinges, tears down Iron Bars, And makes a spacious way for impious Wars. The Pedestals, in the Upper Story, are adorned with eight living Figures, representing EUROPE, ASIA, afric, and AMERICA, with Escutcheons, and Pendents, bearing the Arms of the Companies trading into those parts. EUROPE, a Woman armed a l'antique; on her Shield a Woman riding on a Bull; at her foot a Coney. The Effigies of Europe in Armour relates to the Warlike disposition of that part of the World, evidently seen in the Greek, and Roman Monarchies. We shall not need to describe her Armour in particular, but leave it to be taken from this Description of Rome, the Mistress of Europe, in Claudian, Ipsa, triumphatis quae possidet aethera regnis, Assilit, innuptae ritus imitata Minervae: Nam neque caesariem crinali stringere cultu Colla, nec ornatu patitur mollire retorto; Dextrum nuda latus, niveos exserta lacertos, Audacem retegit mammam, laxúmque coercens Mordet gemma sinum: nodus, qui sublevat ensem, Album puniceo pectus discriminat ostro. Miscetur decori virtus, pulchérque severo Armatur terrore pudor, galeaeque minaci Flava cruentarum praetenditur umbra jubarum. Et formidato clypeus Titana lacessit Lumine, quem totâ variârat Mulciber arte. She who by conquering Realms the Sky possessed, Starts from her Seat, like Virgin- Pallas dressed: Her Hair no Fillet bound, nor was her Head Dressed up, Tresses hung o'er her Shoulders spread, Her right side naked, with stretched out Arms, her Breast Boldly she bears, a Gem clasped up her Vest, Her Falchion in a Purple Belt, more bright Her Bosom rendered, setting off the white: Valour with Beauty mixed, a modest Blush With terror armed, her threatening Cask and Bush Of Bloody Plumage cast a dreadful shade: And Gorgon-Shield, that Titan so dismayed, Which Vulcan with such art and labour made. Whom Sidonius Apollinaris followed so nearly, that there will need no other Translation than the precedent. Paneg. Majorian. Sederat exerto bellatrix pectore Roma Cristatum turrita caput, cui ponè capaci Casside prolapsus perfundit terga capillus. Laetitia censura manet, terrorque pudore Crescit, & invitâ superat virtute venustas. Ostricolor pepli textus, quem fibula torto Mordax dente vorat, tum quicquid mamma refundit Tegminis, hoc patulo conclusit gemma recessu. Hinc fulcit rutilus spacioso circite laevum Vmbo latus, videas hic crasso fusa metallo Antra Rheae, foetamque lupam, quam fauce retecta Blandiri quoque terror erat, quanquam illa vorare Martigenas & picta timet, pars proxima Tybrin Exprimit; hic scabri fusus sub pumice tophi Proflabat madidum per guttura glauca soporem. Her Shield comprehends the Story from whence Europe had her name, agreeably to the Custom of the Ancients: as we find by this description of the Shield of Rome in the same Author. Ibid. Hic patrius Mavortis amor, foetusque notantur Romulei; post amnis inest, & bellua nutrix. Electro Tyberis, Pueri formantur in Auro. Tingunt aera lupam, Mavors adamant coruscat. Here Mars escapes, and there the Twins he drew, And next the River, and the She-wolf too: Tiber in Amber, and the Boys in Gold, The Wolf in Brass, Mars he in Steel did mould. The first part of which seems to be taken from that of Aeneas in Virgil, Illic res Italas, Romanorumque triumphos, Haud vatum ignarus venturique inscius aevi, Fecerat Ignipotens, illic genus omne futurae Stirpis ab Ascanio, pugnataque in ordine bello Fecerat, & viridi faetam Mavortis in antro Procubuisse lupam; geminos huic ubera circum Ludere pendentes pueros, & lambere matrem Impavidos; illam tereti cervice reflexam Mulcere alternos, & corpora fingere linguâ. Nec procul hinc, Romam, etc. Th' Ignipotent God, well skilled in Fates to come, The Roman triumphs and affairs of Rome, There had engraved, Ascanius Offspring wrought, And all their bloody battles must be fought. The pregnant Wolf in Mars green Covert lay, And hanging at her breasts two Infants play: Bending her neck she licks the tender young, And quiet, shapes their bodies with her tongue. Not far from this, Rome, etc. Or from these of Silius Italicus, describing the Shield of Flaminius, a Roman Consul; Tum clypeum quatit, aspersum quem caedibus olim Celticus ornârat cruor: humentíque sub antro, Ceu foetum, lupa permulcens puerilia membra Ingentem Assarici caelo nutribat alumnum. Next, he assumes his Shield, where they behold The stains of Celtic blood, which he before In Battle shed: and, in it carved, he bore A She-Wolf's Figure, in her gloomy Den, Licking a Child's soft Limbs, as it had been Her Whelp, and nursed of the Assarick Line A Stem, that afterwards was made Divine. Mr. Ross. The other, from these Verses of Moschus, where he describes the Basket of Europa, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. In Silver Nilus stood, the Cow in Brass, And Jupiter in Gold engraven was. The Fable presented in the Shield of Europe is this. Europa, Daughter of Agenor, gathering Flowers near the Seaside, was carried away by Jupiter, in the Form of a Bull, into Crete, where she became his Spouse; by whose Name he caused that part of the World to be called, according to this of Manilius † Astronom. Lib. iv. , Quod superest Europa tenet, quae prima natantem Fluctibus excepítque Jovem, Taurúmque resolvit. Ille puellari donavit nomine fluctus, Et monumenta sui titulo sacravit amoris. Europa last place held, whom Jove his Prize Through Billows bearing, cast his Bull's disguise, And gave that Sea, to her eternal Fame, In memory of his Love, the Virgin's Name. This Virgin was generally reputed a Tyrian. EURIPIDES, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉— SENECA the Tragedian, Tyriae per undas vector Europae nitet: Through Waves Tyrian Europa's bearer shone. And Herodotus † Lib. iv. conjectures this quarter of the World was named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (which Valla renders, ab Europa Tyria) in his first Book, affirming, the Cretans sailed to Tyre, and stole her from thence. The Chronographers, that follow Eusebius, rank this about the time of Joshuah, but the Arundelian Marbles (set forth by Mr. Selden) show, that Cadmus came to Thebes, and built Cadmea the same time, when Amphictyon reigned in Athens, which was before the Israelites forsook Egypt. By this it is apparent, that Europa was not of Tyre; for that was built long after, viz. according to Josephus * Antiq. Jud. Lib. viij. 2. , before the Temple of Solomon, which was begun in the 480. Year after the Israelites departure out of Egypt. It is supposed, that that part of the Fable, which feigns her carried away by a Bull, signifies no more, then that she was transported by Sea in a Ship called the Bull, from the Figure of a Bull on the Prow of it. So LYCOPHRON, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it being among the Ancients the usual Custom to nominate their Ships from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Insigne on the Prow, as the Tiger, Centaur, and Triton, in the Navy of Aeneas, mentioned by VIRGIL † Aeneid. x. Massicus aeratâ princeps secat aequora Tigri. I'th' Brazen Tiger Massicus first stands. Filius aequales comitatus classe catervas Ingentem remis Centaurum promovet.— Hunc vehit immanis Triton, & caerula conchâ Exterrens freta.— His Son attended with an equal Troop Brings, with tough Oars, the mighty Centaur up. This mighty Triton bore, frighting the Tides With his shrill Trump.— We shall not need give any further account of this Fab the further Relation of it to this Poem of Moschus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, etc. A sweet Dream Venus once Europa lent, In Night's third quarter, near the Morn's ascent; Whilst Slumber which her eyelids sweetly crowned, Her Limbs untied, and her Eyes softly bound (That time which doth all truer Dreams beget.) Europa Phoenix-child, a Virgin yet, Alone in a high Chamber taking rest, Beholds two Countries that for her contest, The Asian, and her opposite; both seemed Like Women; that a stranger, this esteemed A Native who (a Mother like) doth plead That she of her was born, by her was bred; The other violent hands upon her laid, And drew by force the unresisting Maid, Urging she was as prise to Jove designed: Out of the bed she starts with troubled mind: And panting heart; the Dream to life's so near: Long sat she silent; long both Women were After she waked presented to her sense, Till thus at length she breaks her deep suspense. Which of the Gods, as now I did repose, Perplexed my Fancy with delusive Shows? My calmer Sleeps disquieting with fear: What Stranger in my Slumber did appear? Her love shot suddenly into my Breast And kindness, like a Mother, she expressed. The Gods vouchsafe this Dream a good event! She rose, and for her loved Companions sent, In Years, and Friendship, equal, nobly born, With them for Balls she used herself t'adorn; Or in Anaurus current Baths, with them, She plucks the fragrant Lily from her Stem These strait come to her; each a Basket held To gather Flowers; so walk they to a Field Neighbouring the Sea, whither they often went Pleased with the Water's noise, and Roses scent. A Golden Basket fair Europa bare, Rich, yet in Vulcan's Workmanship more rare, Which Neptune first to Lybia gave, when he Obtained her Bed, to Telephassa she Wife to her Son, from Telephassa last This to unwed Europe her Daughter past Which many Figures neatly wrought did hold. Inachian Io was here carved in Gold, Not yet in Woman's shape, but like a Cow, Who seemed to swim, and force (enraged) through The Briny Sea her way; the Sea was Blue; Upon the highest point of Land to view The Wave-dividing Heifer, two Men stand; Jove strokes the wet Cow with his sacred hand, Who, unto seven-mouthed Nilus crossing over, Did cast her Horns, and Woman's shape recover. In Silver Nilus' Flood, the Cow in Brass, And Jupiter in Gold engraven was; Mercury figured on the furthest round, And next him lies distended on the ground Argos, endued with many watchful Eyes, Out of whose Purple Blood a Bird doth rise, Proud of his various Flowery Plumes, his Tail He spreadeth like a swift Ship under Sail, And comprehends the Border with his Wings; Such is the Basket fair Europa brings. All at the Painted Field arrive, where these With several Flowers their several Fancies please. One sweet Narcissus plucks, another gets Wild Savory, Hyacinths, and Violets, Many fallen Spring-born Flowers the ground doth share, Some strive which yellow Crocus fragrant Hair Should faster pluck; i'th'midst the Queen doth stand Gathering the Roses Beauty with her hand; The Graces so by Venus are outshined. Nor must she long with Flowers divert her mind, Nor long preserve unstained her Virgin Zone, For Jove, upon the Meadow looking down, By Venus' subtle Darts was struck in love, Venus hath power to captivate great Jove. Who of frow'rd Juno's jealousy afraid, And that he might deceive the tender Maid, In a Bull's Shape his Deity doth veil, Not such as are in Stables bred, or trail The crooked Plough, the furrowed Earth to wound, Or run amongst the Herds in Pasture Ground, Or are to draw the laden Wagon used, Yellow o'er all his body is diffused, Save a white Circle shines amidst his Brow, His brighter Eyes with amorous Sparkles glow. His Horns with equal length rise from his Head, Like the Moon's Orb, to half a Circle spread. Into the Mead he comes, nor (seen) doth fright; The Virgins to approach him all delight, And struck the lovely Bull, whose divine smell Doth far the Meads perfumed Breath excel: Before unblamed Europa's Feet he stood, Licking her Neck, and the Maid kindly wooed: She stroked, and kissed him; and the Foam, that lay Upon his Lip, wiped with her hand away: He softly bellowed, such an humming sound Forth breathing, as Mygdonian Pipes resound. Down at her Feet he knelt, viewing the Maid With writhed Neck, and his broad Back displayed, When she to th'fair-haired Virgins thus doth say; Come hither dear Companions, let us play, Securely with this Bull, and without fear; Who, like a Ship, all on his Back will bear. He tame appears to sight, and gently kind, Differing from others, a discursive mind Bearing like Men, and only Voice doth lack. This said, she smiling gets upon his Back; Which the rest offering, the Bull leaps away, And to the Sea bears his desired Prey; She calls with stretched-out hands, she turns to view Her Friends, alas unable to pursue; Down leaps he, Dolphin-like glides through the Seas: Up from the Deep rise the Nereids, Mounted on Whales to meet her on the way: Whilst hollow-sounding Neptune doth allay The Waves, and is himself his Brother's guide In this Sea-Voyage; Triton's, on each side, (The Deep's inhabitants) about him throng, And sound with their long shells a nuptial song; She by transformed Jupiter thus born, With one hand holding fast the Bull's large Horn Her purple garment with the other saves Unwet by the swollen Ocean's frothy waves: Her mantle (flowing o'er her shoulders, swelled Like a full sail, and the young maid upheld. Now born away far from her native coast, Her sight the wave-washt shore and mountains lost. She sees the heavens above, the Seas beneath, And, looking round about, these Cries doth breathe. O whither sacred Bull? who art thou, say? That through undreaded floods canst break thy way: The Seas are pervious to swift Ships alone, But not to Bulls is their feared voyage known; What food is here? or if some God thou be Why dost, what misbeseems a Deity? Upon the Land no Dolphins, no Bulls move Upon the Sea; Thou Sea and Land dost prove Alike; whose feet like Oars assist thy haste; Perhaps thou'lt soar through the bright Air at last On high, and like the nimble Birds become. Me most unhappy, who have left my home, A Bull to follow, voyages unknown To undertake, and wander all alone. But Neptune thou, that rul'st the foaming Main Be pleased to help me; sure I shall obtain A sight of this great God, who is my guide, Nor else could I these fluid paths have tried. The largely horned Bull thus answered; Maid Be bold, nor of the swelling waves afraid, For I am Jove who now a Bull appear, And whatsoever shape I please can wear; In this to measure the wide Sea constrained For love of thee, thou shalt be entertained By Crect my Nurse; our Nuptials shall be there Performed, and thou of me great Sons shalt bear, To whose imperious Sceptres all shall bow. What he had said, event made good; Crect now Appears in view; Jove his own form doth take, And loosed her Zone; the Hours their Bed did make, She late a Virgin, Spouse to Jove became, Brought him forth Sons, and gained a Mother's name. Mr. STANLEY. ASIA, On her Head a Glory, her Stole of Silk, with several Forms of Wild Beasts wrought on it. Among the Poets, we frequently find Asia called Aurora from the rising of the Sun there: as in CLAUDIAN, Jam Princeps molitur iter, gentésque remotas Colligit Aurorae, tumidus quascunque pererrat Euphrates, quos lustrat Halys, quos ditat Orontes, etc. The Prince his Progress now designing calls Remotest Eastern Nations, they whose Walls Euphrates, Halys, and Oront improves, The Arabs leave their Incense-bearing Groves, etc. — Totam pater undique secum Moverat Auroram: mistis hic Colchus Iberis, Hic mitrâ velatus Arabs, hic crine decoro Armenius.— — the Eastern World he raised: There with Iberians Colchians mixed, and there Wild Arabs, and fair-haired Armenians were. And speaking of Asia, going to solicit Stilico for Assistance, Tendit ad Italiam supplex Aurora potentem. To Italy Aurora suppliant bends. From whence they represented her like the Rising Sun. Claudian implicitly delivers her ordinary Dress, though in regard of her calamity, at that time, in mourning, Non radiis redimita comam, nec flammea vultum, Nec croceum vestita diem; stat livida lucta. No Rays, nor Glory dressed her Brows, nor clad In Purple day, but pale she looked, and sad. Her Mantle of Silk speaks her ancient Propriety in it: which came so late into Europe, that we find no name for it in Homer, among his so frequent Descriptions of the Vestments both of Gods, and Men. Nay, not in the Poets of the Old, or Middle Comedy, some hundreds of Years after Homer. Whence we conjecture, it was first brought into Europe after the Conquest of Alexander the Great. After it was brought over, the Europaeans seem to have had no certain knowledge how it was made. For, by what we can find, they thought it to have grown naturally on the Trunk, or Leaves of some Trees in Asia. So Virgil, Quid nemora Aethiopum molli canentia lanâ, Velleráque ut foliis depectant tenuia Seres? Of Trees in Aethiopia white with Wool; How from the Leaves the Seres Fleeces cull? PLINY, The Seres are the first, who are known to have a Woolly substance to grow on their Trees, which they comb off after they have sprinkled it with Water. And Julius Pollux * Onomastis. speaks it as a report of some, that the Seres gathered their Silk from certain Worms, like unto the Bombyces of the Island Coos. Whence it appears, that in the time of Commodus the Emperor, in whose time Pollux wrote, it was generally believed to have been otherwise: and after that too, for Claudian, who flourished under the Emperor Honorius, agrees with Pliny; — & policy docto Jam parat auratas trabeas, currúsque micantes Stamine, quod molli tondent de stipite Seres, Frondea lanigerae carpentes vellera Sylvae. — she rarely taught, Rich Robes prepared, and Golden Chariots wrought, With Thread, which from the Bark the Seres cull, Shearing from spreading Boughs the Fleecy Wool. Servius indeed, who lived in the time of Theodosius, as appears by his being cotemporary with † Macrob. Saturnal. Macrobius, had a right opinion of it, as appears from these words of his in the forecited place of Virgil, Amongst the Indians, and Seres, are certain Worms upon the Trees, which are called Bombyces; which, like Spiders, spin a very fine Thread, from whence is made Silk. In the time of Justinian * Zonaras. the whole Mystery was disclosed by some Monks, who brought from the Indies some of the Eggs of the Worms: Since which time that Manufacture has been constantly used in Europe. That she has several Shapes, or Forms of strange Beasts wrought on her Vest, is agreeable to the ancient Customs of that Country, Aristophanes † Ranis. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mine not like your Prodigious Monsters be, Such as are wrought in Median Tapestry. PETRONIUS ARBITER, Tuo palato clausus pavo pascitur, Plumato amictus aulaeo Babylonico. A Peacock shall be crammed for thee, Adorned like Median Tapestry. SIDONIUS, Peregrina det supellex Ctesiphontis ac Niphatis Juga texta belluásque Rapidas vacante panno Acuit quibus furorem Bene ficta plaga cocco Jaculoque ceu forante Cruor incruentus exit: Vbi torvus, & per artem Resupina flexus ora, It equo reditque telo Fugiens fugánsque Parthus. From Ctesiphont strait get enough, And Niphates fair Household stuff, Wrought with Hills, and Wild Beasts, which The empty Prospect may enrich; Who by well-feignd Wounds enraged, Seem more desperately engaged, From Javelins fixed in their sides, Blood in Bloodless Rivers glides; Where the Parthian with such Art, O'er his Shoulder throws his Dart: His Horse now charging, than retreats, And flying, so his Foe defeats. AFRICA, a Woman, in her Hand a Pomegranate; on her Head a Crown of Ivory, and Ears of Wheat; at her Feet two Ships laden with Corn. Thus we find the Statue of afric at Florence leaning upon its left Hand, in which there is a Pomegranate; in her right Hand an Umbrella, to defend her from the heat of the Sun; for her Pillow, two great Waters, signifying the Mediterranean, and Atlantic Seas. So at Mycenae, the Statue of Juno (Protectrice of Carthage, the Metropolis of afric) made by Polyclet, holds in one Hand a Sceptre; in the other, a Pomegranate. Therefore, when the Queen sacrificed to Juno, she wore a Rod of Pomegranate upon her Head, called by the Ancients Inarculum. FESTUS; Inarculum virgulta erat ex malo Punico incurvata, quam Regina sacrificans in capite gestabat. coin Seld Mar. claus. lib. 3. De Bello Gildonico. The same Author implicitly describes her, in the same manner, in another place, — mediis apparet in astris Africa, rescissaes vestes, & Spicea passim Serta jacent, lacero crinales vertice dentes, Et fractum pendebat ebur.— Amidst the Stars next Africa appears Her Garments torn, her Wreath of Wheaten Ears Scattered about, Teeth braided on her Crown, And broken Ivory hung.— The Ivory on her Head, alludes to the great number of Elephants, bred in that part of the World; Plin. Nat. Hist. viij. xi. especially in that part of Africa beyond the Syrtick Solitudes, and Deserts, Aethiopia, Trogloditica, and Mauritania. Petronius, Quaeritur in silvis Mauri fera; & ultimus Ammon A frorum excutitur, ne desit bellua dente Ad mortes pretiosa suas.— The Libyan wild's we seek, and th'utmost South, To find a Monster out, whose precious Tooth Proves its own bane.— JUVENAL, Dentibus ex illis quos mittit porta Syenes, Sat. two. Et Mauri celeres.— From whiter Teeth, which the Syene sends, And the swift Moors.— Whence the Romans, in their Triumphs over Africa, usually had Elephants led before them, to denote the place of their Victory: Plin. lib. viij. cap. seven. as L. Metellus, in whose Coins we find either an Elephant, or his Triumphal Chariot drawn by two of them, or a Head of one of them under his Chariot. coin Pier Hierogl. Pliny says, Lib. Peod. cap. seven. that the Chariot of Pompey was drawn by four Elephants in his African Triumph. And we find that the Fifth Legion bore the Effigies of an Elephant on their Colours, because they successfully managed a Battle against them, in the War betwixt Caesar, and L. Scipio. The two Ships at her Feet, relate to the Classis Frumentaria, which came yearly to Rome from afric: frequently mentioned in the Roman Writers; which was instituted by Commodus the Emperor. Of whom Lampridius; Classem Africanam instituit quae subsidio esset, si fortè Alexandrina frumenta cessassent. He appointed an African Navy, which should furnish the City, in case the Corn from Alexandria should fail. Of which Claudian, Tota mihi pro meritis Libyam Nilumque dedêre, De Bello Gildonico. Vt dominam plebem bellatoremque Senatum Classibus aestivis alerent, geminóque vicissim Littore diversi complerent horrea venti. Stabat certa salus: Memphis si fortè negasset, Pensabam Pharium Getulis messibus annum. Frugiferas certare rates, latéque videbam Punica Niliacis concurrere carbosa velis. They gave me Libya, and the Egyptian Shore For my deserts, that they might with their Store The People, and the Warlike Senate feed, And with contrary Winds supply their need. Famine farewel: if Memphis should deny, Getulian Harvests will our Wants supply. Freighted with Corn, I saw the Punic Fleet, And Ships from Nilus in our Harbours meet. And, Laude Serenae Riginae. — Phariae segetes & Punica messis Castrorum devota cibo: that Gallia robur Militis, etc.— — Egyptian Crops, and Punic Grain Our Camps with Bread, Gaul doth with Men maintain. De Providentia Dei, Lib. vi. Wherefore Salvian, after he had mentioned the Destruction of Sardinia, and Sicily, the Vital Veins, he calls Africa the Soul itself of the Commonwealth of Rome. Prudentius, In Symmachum. Respice num Libyci desistat raris arator Frumentis onerare rates, & ad Ostia Tiber Mittere triticeos in pastum plebis acervos. See if the Libyan Swain neglects to load Our Ships with Corn, and to the Ostian Road Sends Wheaten Mountains for the People's Food. AMERICA Crowned with Feathers of divers Colours, on her Stole a Golden River, in one Hand a Silver Mountain. So Pompey, in his Triumph over Methridates, among the rest of his Silver and Golden Representations carried Montem aureum, quadratum, Pliny, Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxvii. cap. xi. cum cervis & leonibus, & pomis omnis generis, circumdatâ vite aureâ, A square Golden Mountain, encompassed with a Vine of Gold, with Hearts and Lions upon it, and all manner of Fruit. The Mountain in her Hand is Potosis in Peru, whose Treasure has been accounted inexhaustible. Josephus Acosta relates, that in that Mountain there was found a Vein of Silver, Nat. Hist. Ind. lib. iv. cap. vi. about the height of a Spear above the Superficies of the Earth, three hundred Foot long, and thirteen broad. The same Author witnesses, that the King of Spain receives yearly from thence a Million of Ducats; and that only from the fifth part of the Silver. We have read of indeed of Silver Mountains in Europe; as that mentioned by Strabo in Spain; Not far from Costaon is a Mountain, whence flows the River Baetis, called the Silver Mountain, in relation to the Silver Mines there. And of a Golden Mountain in Asia, mentioned by Menander; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (presently after 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Where King Chaganus himself was, on a Mountain called Ectag, that is, the Golden Mountain. And Appian before him; Many Fountains bring down small Shave of Gold from the Mountain Caucasus; the Inhabitants sinking Fleeces of Wool very deep, take up what Shave stick to them: But these are all so considerable, in respect of the inestimable Treasure of this Mountain, that America may reasonably from hence, as all other Countries from what is most valuable, and appropriate to them, have its distinguishing Character. The River on her Stole is the Golden River Peru. So Claudian represents Britain with the Flux and Deflux of the Sea on her Vest; Ind Caledonio velata Britannia monstro, Ferro picta genas, cujus vestigia verrit Caerulus, Oceanique aestum mentitus amictus, Britannia then veiled in a Boars rough Hide, Walked on the Sea, her Cheeks with Iron died, Clothed with the change of the Ocean's Tide. And SPAIN, with the Golden River Tagus on her Stole: — glaucis tum prima Minervae Nexa comam foliis, fuluâque intexta micantem Veste Tagum, tales profert Hispania voces. Then Spain with Olive-Branches crowned, her Vest With Golden Tagus wrought, herself expressed In words like these— Which Leaves of Minerva, Max. claus. Lib. two. Mr. Selden mistook for a Palm. Claudian, in several places, describes the Olive in the same manner; as in his Epistle to Hadrian, Hoc pro supplicibus ramis, pro frond Minervae, Hoc carmen pro thure damus.— This for Minerva's supplicating Bough, This Verse for Incense we bestow. And in another place, In Europpium, Lib. two. — pro frond Minervae Has tibi protendo lacrymas.— — for Pallas Boughs, These Tears we thee present, LUCAN, De Bell. Civ. lib. iii. — tamen ante furorem Indomitum, duramque viri deflectere mentem Pacifico Sermone parant, hostemque propinquum Orant Cecropiae praelatâ frond Minervae. — they to assuage His cruel Breast, accustomed to rage, Minerva's Branches stretching forth, beseech The Neighbouring Foe with a prepared Speech. In which places 'tis evident, the Olive is signified, because carried in the Hands of Suppliants. Statius, — ramúmque precantis Olivae. A supplicating Olive Branch. Vittatae laurus, & supplicis arbor Olivae. With Bays and supplicating Olives crowned. Whence Virgil makes Aeneas send a hundred to King Latinus, all crowned with Olive Branches, called there Palladis rami. — ramis velatos Palladis omnes, Donaque ferre viro, pacemque exposcere Teucris. And for the Trojans Terms of Peace propound, With Royal Presents, all with Olive crowned. And Statius makes Tydeus, going in the name of Polynices, to demand the Kingdom of Thebes, carry a Branch of Olive in his Hand, as a token of Peace; and, his Demand being denied, to throw away the same, to signify, and declare a War. So LIVY, Not far off was a Ship of the Carthaginians, covered with Mitres, and Branches of Olive; in which were ten Ambassadors, chief Princes of the City, sent to request Peace. CLAUDIAN gives the same Epithet too, to the Olive-leaves, in his Epistle to SERENA, — glaucâ pinguis Oliva comâ. The unctuous Olive with a Silver Sprig. And VALERIUS FLACCUS, Argonan●. Lib. iii. — glaucásque comis praetexere frondes Imperat. Commands to braid their Hair with verdant Boughs. The reason why Claudian so describes it, is, because that Tree was sacred to Minerva: which we find attested by Pliny; The Esculus (a Species of glandiferous Trees) is sacred to Jupiter, Nat. Hist. lib. xii. c. i. the Laurel to Apollo, the Olive to Minerva, the Myrtle to Venus, the Poplar to Hercules; and is known from the Fable of the Contention of Minerva, and Neptune, concerning the Possession of Athens. And Epopeus, after a Victory, having erected and consecrated to her a Temple, and prayed, Pausan. lib. two. that she would show some token of her acceptance of it, there presently sprung forth a Branch of Olive before it. coin obverse IMP CAESAR VESPASIANUS AVG coin reverse IVD CAPT — genuit quos ubere ripâ Palladio Bethes umbratus cornua ramo. — both of equal age Born upon Bethes' Banks, whose horned Brows Were overshadowed with fat Olive Boughs. coin obverse HADRIANUS AVG COS III PP coin reverse HISPANIA The Coney we find too at the Feet of Spain, holding an Olive-Branch on her Shoulder, in a Coin of the same Emperor. Ibid. coin RES TITVTORI● HISPANIAE SC The Coney at her Feet signifies either the incredible number of those Animals formerly in Spain (for Varro mentions a Town there undermined, Lib. viij. cap. xxix. and overthrown by them, as we find in Pliny) or rather the abundance of Mines in that Country; the Latin word Cuniculi, from whence the allusion must be taken, being aequivocal, and answering to both. From one of which significations a part of Spain is called Cuniculosa Celtiberia by Catullus, Epigram. xxxv. Tu praeter omnes, une de capillatis, Cuniculosae Celtiberiae fili. The Mines are mentioned by Claudian, speaking of Spain, Dives equis, frugum facilis, pretiosa metallis, Principibus foecunda piis.— With Steeds abounding, rich with Corn, and Ore, And pious Prince's store.— And by SILIUS ITALICUS, De Bello Pun. lib. i. — hìc omne metallum: Electri gemino pallent de semine venae. Atque atros chalybis foetus humus horrida nutrit. Sed scelerum causas aperit Deus. Astur avarus Visceribus lacerae telluris mergitur imis, Et redit infelix effosso concolor auro. — here Metals grow Of matter mixed: Electrum's pallid Veins Produced, and darker Steel the Earth contains: But God those Springs of mischief deeply hides; Yet Astur, covetous, the Earth divides, And, in her mangled Entrails drowned again, Returns with Gold, and bears the precious Stain. But to return. This River, says Josephus Acosta, Hist. Nat. Ind. lib. i. cap. xiii. De Peruviae regionis inventione. gave the name to the whole Country of Peru. Of which Levinus Apollonius thus, under another name; where he describes the Rivers of the Mountainous PERU, The chiefest far is the River Argyreus (PERU) from its abundance of Silver, which it casts up in glittering Sand, called in Spanish, Plata: it is equally liberal, and profuse of its Treasures unto all parts it passeth by, enriching its Inhabitants with an inexhaustible abundance both of Gold, and Silver. The uppermost great Table in the fore-ground represents King Charles the First, with the Prince, now Charles the Second, in His Hand, viewing the Sovereign of the Sea, the Prince leaning on a Cannon; the Inscription, O NIMIUM DILECTE DEO; CUI MILITAT AEQUOR, ET CONJURATI VENIUNT AD CLASSICA VENTI. For thee, O Jove's Delight, the Seas engage, And mustr'ed Winds, drawn up in Battle, rage. Above, over the Cornich, between the two Celestial Hemi-spheres, an Atlas, bearing a Terrestrial Globe, and on it a Ship under Sail; the Word, UNUS NON SUFFICIT. Thus we find Atlas painted in an ancient Temple of Jupiter's. In Eliacis. PAUSANIAS, Amongst the rest, is the Picture of Atlas, bearing up Heaven, and Earth; by whom stands Hercules, as ready to assist him: mentioned by Claudian, — sic, Hercule quondam Sustentante polum, meliûs librata pependit Machina, nec dubiis titubavit Signifer astris. Perpetuâque senex subductus mole parumper Obstupuit proprii spectator ponderis Atlas — so Hercules of old Sustained the Pole, bore better on his Back The poised World, and fixed the Zodiac: Atlas a while, from his great Burden free, Admiring stood, the wondrous Load to see. Of whom thus HOMER, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Daughter of Atlas, who both Depth, and Shoals Of th' Ocean plumbs, and holdeth two long Poles, That mighty Heaven, and the Earth sustain. AESCHYLUS, In 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. — who near the Western Main Bears on his Back that Pillar, doth sustain Both Heaven, and Earth, not easy to support. VIRGIL, — ubi coelifer Atlas Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum. — where great Atlas bears, Laden with Golden Stars, the glittering Spheres. He was thus described from his admirable knowledge in the motions of the Heavens, and the nature of things here below. PAUSANIAS * In Boetius. , In which there is a place of ground called Polosus, where they say Atlas studied the Heavens, and the Earth. DIODORUS SICULUS † Lib. iii. , They say, he (Atlas) was excellently skilled in Astrology, and was the first, that published the Spherical Figure of the Heavens: from whence he was said to bear the Heavens on his Shoulders; the Fable signifying the Invention, and Description of the Sphere. Which seems not be understood of a solid Sphere, but a Sphere described on a Plane: the other Invention, by most of the Ancients, being attributed to Archimedes, who lived many Centuries of Years after him. The great Painting on the Westside represents the Duke of YORK, habited âl'antique, like Neptune, standing on a Shell drawn by Sea-Horses, before which a Triton sounding, in one Hand a Trident, the Reins in the other; his Motto, SPES ALTERA. We generally find Neptune among the Poets drawn by Sea-Horses. STATIUS, Theb. Lib. two. Illic Aegeo Neptunus gurgite fessos In portum deducit equos, prior haurit habenas Vngula, postremi solvuntur in aequora pisces. Here Neptune entering left th' Aegean Flood, Landing his Steeds, their foremost Feet well shod: The hindmost cut the Waves with Finny Tails. VIRGIL, Aeneid. v. His ubi laeta Deae permulsit pectora dictis, Jungit equos curru genitor, spumantiáque addit Fraena feris, manibúsque omnes effundit habenas, Caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru. When thus her troubled Breast he had assuaged, He joins his Chariot-Horse, and curbs th'enraged Wire Foamy Bits, then gives them liberal Rein, With blue Wheels flying o'er the Azure Main. They were called Hippocampae. NONIUS; Hippocampae, equi marini, à flexu caudarum, quae piscosae sunt. Hippocampae are Sea-Horses, so called from the flexion of their Tails, which are like Fishes. FESTUS; Campas marinos equos Graeci à flexione posteriorum partium appellant, The Greeks call Sea-Horses Campae, from the bending of their posteriour parts: from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to bend. In the Medaigles of Caius Marius, and Quintus Creperius, is represented Neptune riding upon these Hippocampae, or Sea-Horses. coin obverse CMARIUS C F coin reverse coin TWO NEPTUNO CONS AVG As he holds the Reins of his Horses in one hand, so we find him constantly with a Trident in the other. From whence he is called by the Greeks, † Proclus in Crat. Plaetonis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Epigr. Gr. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, by Pindar 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins, Tridentifer, and Tridentiger. OVID † Metam. lib. viij. , — o proxima terrae Regna vagae, dixi, sortite Tridentifer undae. And, Cúmque Tridentigero tumidi genitore profundi. VIRGIL, — Túque, O, cui prima frementem Fudit equum magno tellus percussa Tridenti, Neptune.— — and Neptune, thou, to whom The Earth first Trident struck brought forth a Steed. HOMER, Iliad. μ. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.— Armed with his Trident, Neptune, leading on Impetuous Waves, left neither Pile, nor Stone. Callimachus, singularly, says, Hymno in Delum. that his Trident was made by the Telchines, smiths in Crect. — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. — Neptune the Mountain struck With's Trident, which the Telechines made. Plutarch tells, that the Troezenians mark their Moneys with a Trident, as a Testimony of their Devotion to Neptune. Amongst the rest of Neptune's Attendants was Triton his Trumpeter. OVID, Metam. Caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchâque sonanti Inspirare jubet, fluctúsque, & flumina signo Jam revocare dato.— Triton he calls, commanding him to sound His hollow Shell, and call the Floods profound, And Rivers back.— VIRGIL, speaking of a Ship, Aeneid. — Immanis Triton, & caerula conchâ Exterrens freta. Cui laterum tenùs hispida nanti Frons hominem praefert; in Pristin desinit alvus: Spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda. This mighty Triton bore, frighting the Tides With his shrill Trump. His Face, and hairy sides Above presents a Man, a Whale the rest: And foamy Waves resound beneath his Breast. NONNUS, Dionysiac. xxxvi. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Broad-bearded Triton sounds his Trump at last, Half humane Shape, a Fish beneath the Waste. MOSCHUS, Eldyll. — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 — Triton's on each side (The Deep's Inhabitants) about him throng, And sound with their long Shells a Nuptial Song. On the four Niches within the Arch were living Figures, with Escutcheons, and Pendents, representing Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy, and Navigation. Arithmetic, a Woman habited â l'antique, with her Fingers erect: upon her Vestment Lines, with Music Notes on them: in her Escutcheon a Book opened, with a Hand, pointing to the Figures, I.U.X.L.C.D.M. etc. Under, PAR ET IMPAR. The holding out of her Fingers erect points out to us that ancient manner of Supputation, known of old to most Countries in the World, but now out of use, by the Fingers of both Hands. This Supputation was divided into three parts; Digits, Decades, and Compound Numbers. The Digits comprehend all Numbers under ten, the Decades comprehend all ten, as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90. the Compound what was made of the other two, as 19, 27, etc. The Digits 〈…〉 were expressed by the three last Fingers, beginning with the little one. The Decades by the Thumb, either single, or in conjunction with the first Finger. Thus far reacheth the Arithmetic of the left Hand; so that, removing to the right, the first Number is an hundred: Iraeneus Vnius numerum, quo gestu significabantur in sinistra, translatum in dexteram centena conficere. The Number of a Hundred, by the same gesture, In Valent. lib. i. cap. xiii. is signified in the right Hand, that one in the left. And, A numero nonagesimo, qui fuit in laeva, per unius significationem, transferri in dexteram, & ibi centena constitui. From which kind of Arithmetic we must understand that Greek Epigram of Nicarchus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Grey-haired Cotyttaris, that infernal Scold, Whom Nestor to compare with was not old; Whose many Years the long-lived Hearts surmount, She on her left Hand twice gins to count. Swift-footed as a Nymph, her sight not fails, Sure, I believe, the Devil something ails. And this of JUVENAL, Rex Pylius, magno si quidquam credis Homero, Exemplum vitae fuit à Cornice secundae. Felix nimirum! qui tot per saecula vitam Distulit, atque suos jam dextrâ computat annos. Nestor, if thou'lt great Homer credit give, As long as did the long-lived Raven live; Blessed thou! who stoodst so many Lustres rage, Till on thy right Hand thou didst count thy Age. So that as the Units were counted on the three Fingers of the left, so the first Nine Hundred were counted on the same three Fingers of the right; and as the Decades were counted on the Thumb, and Forefinger of the left, so were the Thousands on the same of the right. Whence we may guests of the Figure of the Fingers, which Pliny * Lib. xxxix. cap. seven. mentions in the Statue of Janus, dedicated by Numa, with his Fingers so complicated, that the Note of CCCLXV Days, the signification of a Year, should demonstrate him the God of Time. Of this manner of Supputation must be understood that Saying of Orontes, who, upon some distaste taken by King Artaxerxes, had fallen into disgrace; Plutarch. As the Fingers of Accountants now represent one, now Myriad; so the Friends of Kings now are much in favour, now not at all. This manner of Supputation seems to have been ordinary among the Romans, used in their Plead before the Judge. QUINTILIAN † Lib. i Instit. , Si actor, non dico, si circa summas trepidat, sed se digitorum incerto solùm, aut indecoro gestu à computatione dissentit, judicatur indoctus. If the Pleader not only trembles about the Sums, but if by a doubtful only, and uncomely gesture, he differs from the Computation, he is esteemed unlearned. Apuleius in his Apologetical Oration before AEMILIANUS, Si triginta annos pro decem dixisses, possess videri pro computationis gestu errâsse, quos circulare debueris, digitos aperuisse. If you had named thirty Years for ten, you might seem to have mistaken in the gesture of your Computation, to have circled those Fingers, which you should have opened. And therefore it is very strange, that, after so common an usage of this manner of Computation, it should be so far lost, that none can agree what it was. The Author of Arithmetic, according to Aeschylus † In 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. , was Prometheus: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The chief of Arts I Numbers found, And first knew Letters to compound. According to Plato, 'twas Palamedes: but Pliny * Lib. two attributes the Invention of it to Minerva; Eóque Minervae Templo dicatam legem, quia numerus à Minerva inventus sit. The ancient Music-notes here mentioned, though for many hundred Years buried in obscurity, have been brought to light again out of some Greek Authors of Music, lately published by Meibomius. The Numbers are sufficiently known, though not so well as those we generally use, lately brought into Europe from the Arabians. Geometry, a Woman in a pleasant Green, in her Shield a Compass, and a Read; the Inscription, DESCRIPSIT RADIO TOTUM QUAE GENTIBUS ORBEM. Geometry is supposed by the Ancients to have had its original in Egypt, where, after the yearly overflowings of the River Nile, they were forced continually to measure their ground out anew to distinguish Propriety. STRABO † Geogr. lib. xuj. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And, * Lib. xvii. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. For which end, because they made use of a Read, it was amongst them ever after for a Symbol of Geometry. So in a Silver Coin of C. Mamilius, in one side there is a Mercury with a Cap, and Caduceus, on the other Mamilius, with a Read by him, with this Inscription, LI. MET. AN. that is, Limitibus metandis, where we find his Office of measuring Land employed by a Read. The Compass in her other Hand we have described by OVID, Metam. lib. viij. Fab. iii. — & ex uno duo ferrea brachia nodo Junxit, ut aequali spatio distantibus illis Altera pars staret, pars altera duceret orbem. He two-shanked Compasses with Rivet bound, The one to stand still, th' other turning round, In equal distances.— The Author of it, ●alus, being envied by his Uncle Daedalus for this, and other Inventions, was thrown down headlong by him from the top of Minerva's Tower: but in the middle of his fall, being favoured by Minerva, the Patroness of Wit, was turned into a Bird; which we have in the following Verses: Daedalus invidit: sacrâque ex arce Minervae Praecipitem misit, lapsum mentitus: at illum, Quae favet ingeniis, excepit Pallas, auémque Reddidit, & medio velavit in aëre pennis. — Daedalus thus began, Who from Minerva's sacred Turret fling The envied headlong; and his falling feigns: Him Pallas, fautor of good Wits, sustains. Who strait the Figure of a Fowl assumes; Clad in the midst of Air with freckled Plumes. Mr. SANDYS. Astronomy, a Woman in a lose vestment, Azure, wrought with Stars of Gold, looking up to Heaven: in her Shield a Table, wherein are divers Astronomical Figures; the Inscription, AURO CIRCUMSPICIT ORIONA. ASTRONOMY holding a Sphere in her left Hand, in her right a Radius. So she is described by Martianus Capella. The Sphere, which he gives her, is that of Archimedes, as we see by the Epigram, in which he describes it, Ipsa etiam, laeuâ, Sphaerâ fulgebat honorâ; Assimilis mundo, sideribúsque fuit. Nam globus, & circi, Zonaeque, ac fulgida signa Nexa recurrebant, arte locata pari. Tellus, quae rapidum consistens suscipit orbem, Puncti instar medio haeserat una loco. In her left Hand she a Celestial Sphere, Like the great World, glittering with Stars did bear: On the vast Globe the circulating Signs Connexed ran in equidistant Lines To rapid Orbs; the Earth, the fixed Base, Like a small Point, just in the midst took place. Navigation, a Woman in Sea-green Habit; in her Escutcheon an Anchor, with a Cable about it; the Inscription, TUTUM TE LITTORE SISTAM. While the Nobility passed the Triumphal Arch, the three Seamen entertained them with this Song from the Stage on the North-side of the Archippus I. From Neptune's Wat'ry Kingdoms, where Storms, and Tempests rise so often, As would the World in pieces tear, Should Providence their Rage not soften; From that fluctuating Sphere, Where stout Ships, and smaller Barks Are tossed like Balls, or feathered Corks, When briny Waves to Mountains swell, Which dimming oft heavens glittering Sparks, Then descending low as Hell; Through this Crowd, In a Cloud, By a strange, and unknown Spell, We, newly Landing, Got this Standing, All Merry Boys, and Loyal, Our Pockets full of Pay, This Triumphal Day, To make of our Skill a Trial, Of our little little Skill: Let none then take it ill, We must have no Denial. II. We, who have raised, and laid the Poles, Ploughed frozen Seas, and scalding Billows; Now stiff with Cold, than scorched on Coals, Ships our Cradles, Decks our Pillows; Mongst threatening Rocks, and treacherous Shoals, Through Gibraltar's contracted Mouth, And Realms condemned to Heat, and Drowth, Or Baltic Waves bound up in Ice, Or Magellane as Cold, though South, Our good Fortune, in a trice, Through this Crowd, In a Cloud, Brings us where, in Paradise, We, newly Landing, Got this Standing, All Merry Boys, and Loyal, Our Pockets full of Pay, This Triumphal Day, To make of our Skill a Trial, Of our little little Skill: Let none then take it ill, We must have no Denial. III. We, who so often banged the Turk, Our Broadsides speaking Thunder, Made Belgium strike, and proud Dunkirk, Who lived by Prize, and Plunder, And routed the Sebastian Shirk; We paid their Poops, and painted Beaks, Cleansed before and aft their Decks, Till their Scuppers ran with Gore, Whilst in as fast salt Water breaks; But we are Friends of this no more: Through this Crowd, In a Cloud, We have found a happy Shore, And, newly Landing, Got this Standing; All Merry Boys, and Loyal, Our Pockets full of Pay, This Triumphal Day, To make of our Skill a Trial, Of our little little Skill: Let none then take it ill, We must have no Denial. Besides the three beforenamed, who sang the precedent Song, there were in like manner habited, like Seamen, six other Persons, who made a Winde-Musick. The Music in the Stage consisted of three Drums, and six Trumpets. On the East-side, Winde-Musick, consisting of six Persons. On two Balconies, within the Arch, Winde-Musick, consisting of twelve Persons. On the West-Gallery were placed six Trumpets. These, and all the other Music, belonging to this Triumph, performed their Duty without Intermission, till such time, as His Majesty fronted the Figure, which represented Thames, and then ceased; upon which, Thames made the ensuing Speech, Ten Moons, Great Sir, their Silver Crescents filled, Since, mounted on a Billow, I beheld You on the Bridge; but louder Joys there were, That barred my Welcomes from Your Sacred Ear: Now I above my highest Bound have reared My Head, to say what could not then be heard. Hail, Mighty Monarch! whose Imperial Hand Quiets the Ocean, and secures the Land; This City, whom I serve with Neighbouring Floods, Exporting Yours, importing Foreign Goods, With anxious Grief did long Your Absence mourn; Now with full Joy she welcomes Your Return; Your blessed Return! by which she is restored To all the Wealth remotest Lands afford. At Your Approach I hastened to the Downs, To see Your moving Forts, Your Floating Towns, Your Sovereigns, big with Thunder, blow the Main, And swimming Armies in their Womb contain. You are our Neptune, every Port, and Bay Your Chambers: the whole Sea is Your Highway. Though several Nations boast their Strength on Land, Yet You alone the Wat'ry World command. Pardon, great Sir, fair Cynthia checks my stay; But to Your Royal Palace, twice a day, I will repair; there my proud Waves shall wait, To bear our Caesar, and His conquering Fate. We find the Speech of the River Tiber on the like Solemnity, the Procession of the Senate, etc. attending on the two Brothers Probinus, and Olybrius, newly elected Consuls, in CLAUDIAN; Est in Romuleo procumbens Insula Tybri, Quà medius geminas interfluit alveus urbes Discretas subeunte freto, paritérque minantes Ardua turrigerae surgunt in culmina ripae. Hîc stetit, & subitum prospexit ab aggere votum; Vnanimes fratres junctos, stipante Senatu, Ire forum, strictásque procul radiare secures, Atque uno bijuges tolli de limine fasces. Obstupuit visu, suspensáque gaudia vocem Oppressam tenuêre dìu, mox inchoat ore. Respice, si tales jactas aluisse fluentis, Eurota Spartan, tuis. Quid protulit aequum Falsus olor, valido quamuìs decernere caestu Nôrint, & ratibus saevas arcere procellas? En nova Ledaeis soboles fulgentior astris! Ecce mei cives! quorum jam Signifer optat Adventum, stellisque parat convexa futuris. Jam per noctivagos dominetur Olybrius axes Pro Polluce rubens, pro Castore flamma Probini. Ipsi vela regent: ipsis donantibus auras, Navita tranquillo moderabitur aequore pinum. Nunc pateras libare This, nunc solvere multo Nectare corda libet: niveos jam pandite coetus Naiades, & totum violis praetexite fontem: Mella ferent sylvae: jam profluat ebrius amnis, Mutatis in vina vadis: jam sponte per agros Sudent irriguae spirantia balsama venae. Currat, qui sociae roget in convivia mensae Indigenas fluvios, Italis quicunque fuberrant Montibus, Alpinásque bibunt de more pruinas: Vulturnúsque rapax, & Nar vitiatus odoro Sulfur, tardatúsque suis erroribus Ufens: Et Phaëthonteae perpessus damna ruinae Eridanus, flavaeque terens querceta Maricae Liris, &, Oebaliae qui temperat arva, Galesus. Semper honoratus nostris celebrabitur undis Iste dies; semper dapibus recoletur opimis. Sic ait, & Nymphae, patris praecepta secutae, Tecta parant peplis; ostróque infecta corusco, Humida gemmiferis illuxit regia mensis. An Isle 'midst Tiber, with her spreading sides, The City, and his Silver Waves divides: Banks on each Hand, and Tow'r-crowned Margins rise, Threatening with their approach the lofty Skies; Here standing on a Summit, he surveyed The loving Brothers, and the Cavalcade, As on they marched, bright Axes born before, And double Rods brought from one single Floor. Amazed he stood, long ere his joy could make Way for his struggling Voice, at last he spoke. Spartan Eurota, see, if thou couldst ere Such Brother's boast: compared to these, what were The Swan's fair Race, though well they knew the Cest, And how to steer a Fleet with Storms distressed. New Stars, behold! outshine Ledaean Fires. Behold my People, whom the Sky desires: For future Flames a place Heaven ready makes. Olybrius shall rule Night's dusky Axe For Pollux, Probine shine for Castor's Star, They Sails shall swell, and gently move the Air, That Sailors through calm Seas may steer the Pine. Now pay Libations, now drink freely Wine. You, Naiades, draw forth your beauteous Ranks, And strew with Violets your Fountain Banks: Inebriated Streams, now overflow Your Banks, turned Wine; in Woods let Honey grow; The Meads sweat healing Balm; let one straight all The Neighbouring Rivers to a Banquet call. All those, who wash th' Ausonian Mountain's Feet, And drink cold Alpine Snow; Vulturnus fleet; Strong-sented Nar; and Vfens Streams, that grow, By wandering through their own Maeanders, slow; Eridanus too, who makes such pityous moan For loss of his lamented Phaëthon; And Liris feaking off Marica's Groves; Galesus, who Oebalian Fields improves. This day our Waves shall always keep in State, This we with annual Feasts will celebrate. This said, the Nymphs, obeying, thither throng, The Walls, and Roof, with stately Arras hung: His Wat'ry Court with Royal Purple shone, And Board's enchased with Pearl, and precious Stone. The River Thames having ended his Speech, the three Seamen, who entertained the Nobility with the former Song, addressed the following to His Majesty. I. King CHARLES, King CHARLES, great Neptune of the Main! Thy Royal Navy rig, And We'll not care a Fig For France, for France, the Netherlands, nor Spain. The Turk, who looks so big, We'll whip him like a Gig About the Mediterrane; His Galleys all sunk, or ta'en. We'll seize on their Goods, and their moneys, Those Algiers Sharks, That Plunder Ships, and Barks, Algiers, Sally, and Tunis, We'll give them such Toasts To the Barbary Coasts, Shall drive them to Harbour, like Coneys. Tan tara run tan tan Tan tara run tan tara, Not all the World we fear-a; The great Fishpond Shall be thine-a Both here, and beyond, From Strand to Strand, And underneath the Line-a. II. A Sail, a Sail, I to the Offin see, She seems a lusty Ship; Hoist all your Sails a-trip: We'll weather, weather her, whate'er she be. Your Helm then steady keep, And thunder up the Deep, A Man of War, no Merchant She; We'll set her on her Crupper; Give Fire, Bounce, Bounce, Pickeering Villains trounce, Till Blood run in Streams at the Scupper. Such a Breakfast them we shall, Give with Powder, and Ball, They shall need neither Dinner, nor Supper. Tan tara run tan tan Tan tara run tan tara, Pickeering Rogues ne'er spare-a; With Bullets pink Their Quarters; Until they stink, They sink, they sink, Farewell the Devil's Martyrs. III. They yield, they yield; shall we the poor Rogues spare? Their illgotten Goods, Preserved from the Floods, That King CHARLES, and we may share? With Wine then cheer our Bloods, And, putting off our Hoods, Drink to His MAJESTY bare, The King of all Compassion: On our Knees next fall T'our Royal Admiral, A Health for His Preservation, Dear JAMES the Duke of YORK, Till our Heels grow light as Cork, The second Glory of our Nation. Tantara run tan tan Tantara run tan tara To the Royal Paira, Let every man Full of Wine-a Take off his Can, Though wan, though wan, To make his Red Nose shine-a. The Seamen having ended their Song, the several sorts of Music performed their Duty, whilst His Majesty passed on towards Cheapside. At the Stocks the Entertainment was a Body of Military Music, placed on a Balcony; consisting of six Trumpets, and three Drums: the Fountain there being after the Tuscan Order, venting Wine, and Water. In like manner, on the Top of the great Conduit, at the Entrance of Cheapside, was another Fountain, out of which issued both Wine, and Water, as in a Representation of Temperance; and on the several Towers of that Conduit were eight Figures, habited like Nymphs, with Escutcheons in one Hand, and Pendents, or Banners in the other: and between each of them Winde-Musick; the number, eight. On the Standard also in Cheapside there was a Band of Waits placed, consisting of six Persons. archway THE THIRD ARCH. THE third Triumphal Arch stands near Wood-street end, not far from the place where the Cross sometimes stood. It represents an Artificial Building of two Stories, one after the Corinthian way of Architecture, the other after the Composite, representing the TEMPLE of CONCORD; with this Inscription on a Shield, AEDEM CONCORDIAE IN HONOREM OPTIMI PRINCIPIS, CUJUS ADVENTU BRITANNIA TERRA MARIQ. PACATA, ET PRISCIS LEGIBUS REFORMATA EST, AMPLIOREM SPLENDIDIOREMQ RESTITUIT S. P. Q. L. CONCORD was reputed by the Romans in the number of their Goddesses, as we find in JUVENAL, Cui colitur Pax, atque Fides, Concordia, Virtus; and had several Temples, upon various occasions, vowed, and dedicated to her. There arose a dangerous Feud, which continued for some Years, between the Senate, and People of Rome: whereupon Furius Camillus * Anno U.C. cccxxcvi. , turning himself to the Capitol, desired of the Gods, that he might speak, and act that, which might tend to the benefit of the Commonwealth, and reconciliation of the two dissenting Parties; and to that end vowed a Temple to CONCORD. Wherefore having called the Senate, after a long, and various Debate, upon certain Conditions, brought the Senate, and People to an Agreement. Which Temple, according to his Vow, by a Decree of the Senate, was erected, and dedicated to CONCORD. This is mentioned, though obscurely, in tabulis Capitolinis; but plainly, by OVID * Faster. Lib. i. : Nunc bene prospicies Latiam CONCORDIA turbam, Nunc te sacratae constituêre manus. Furius, antiquus populi superator Etrusci, Voverat, & voti solverat ille fidem. Caussa, quòd à Patribus sumptis secesserat armis Vulgus, & ipsa suas Roma timebat opes. Now mayst thou CONCORD, Rome with kindness see, Now sacred Hands a Fane erect for thee. Furius, who conquered the Etrurian, made A solemn Vow, which solemnly he paid. Because the People did their Prince's beard, Taking up Arms; and Rome her own Wealth feared. The like Vow was made by L. Manlius † Anno U.C. DXXXV. , upon a Mutiny of the Army under his Command, and the Year after the Temple was erected, and dedicated by M. and C. Atilius Regulus, elected for that purpose. So in the Sedition of Gracchus * Anno U.C. DCXXXII. , who encamped on the Aventine, and refused the Conditions offered him by L. Opimius' Consul, the Consul immediately vowed a Temple to CONCORD; and after his Victory over those seditions Conspirators, dedicated it in Foro. Which did highly incense the Communality, who thought that CONCORD could not be founded on the Slaughter of their Fellow-Citizens: and some of them adventured to add this Inscription to the Title of the Temple, VECORDIAE. OPUS. AEDEM. FACIT. CONCORDIAE. We find mention of the like Temples in several Inscriptions, collected by Gruter; as in this, D.N. CONSTANTINO. MAXIMO. PIO. FELICI. AC. TRIUMPHATORI. SEMPER AUGUSTO. OB. AMPLI CATAM. TOTO. ORBE. REM. PUBLICAM. FACTIS. CON SILIISQ. S. P. Q. R. DE DICANTE. ANICIO. PAULINO. JUNIORE. C.V. COS ORD. PRAET. URBI. S. P. Q. R. AEDEM. CONCORDIAE. VETUSTATE. COL- LAPSAM. IN MELIOREM. FACIEM. OPERE ET. CULTU. SPLENDIDIORE. RESTITUE RUNT. And in another not unlike the former, AEDEM. CONCORDIAE. VETUSTATE. COLLAPSAM AMPLIOREM. OPERE. CULTUQ. SPLENDIDIOREM RESTITUIT. S. P. Q. R. In the Spandrils of the Arch there are two Figures, in Female Habits, leaning: One representing PEACE, the other TRUTH. That of Peace hath her Shield charged with an Helmet, and Bees issuing forth, and going into it; the Word, PAX BELLO POTIOR. TRUTH, on the other side, in a thin Habit, on her Shield TIME, bringing Truth out of a Cave; the Word, TANDEM EMERSIT. Over the great Painting upon the Arch of the Cupula is represented a large GERYON with three Heads crowned; in his three right-Hands, a Lance, a Sword, and a Sceptre; in his three left-Hands the three Escutcheons of England, Scotland, and Ireland: before him the King's Arms with three Imperial Crowns; beneath, in great Letters, CONCORDIA INSUPERABILIS. GERYON, Son of Chrysaor, and Callirrhoe, according to Hesiod, was feigned by the Poets to have three Heads, and as many Bodies, who was subdued by Hercules. Of whom VIRGIL * Aenid. viij. , — nam maximus ultor Tergemini niece Geryonis spoliísque superbus, Alcides aderat, taurósque hàc victor agebat Ingentes, vallémque boves amnémque tenebant. Here the Revenger great Alcides stood, Proud with the triple Geryon's Spoils, and Blood; The Conqueror drove his cattle to these Grounds, Whose Head possessed the Vale, and River's Bounds. And more largely SILIUS ITALICUS † Lib. xiii. , Qualis Atlantiaco memoratur littore quondam Monstrum Geryones immane tricorporis irae: Cui tres in pugna dextrae varia armagerebant; una ignes saevos, hast altera ponè sagittas Fundebat, validam torquebat tertia cornum, Atque uno diversa dabat tria vulnera nisu. — So (famous in a former Age) That horrid Monster of a Triple rage, Geryon, fought on the Atlantic Shore: Whose three Right-Hands three several Weapons bore; One cruel Flames, behind him th'other drew His Bow, the third his trusty Javelin threw; And dealt three several ways, at once, a Wound. The Origination of this Fable, and its Significations, are variously related. Palaephatus supposed him to have been feigned by the Poets to have three Heads, because he had his Birth in a City on the Euxine Sea, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, of three Heads. Others, that it related to the three Brothers, who unanimously governed Spain. And indeed, that Spain, by reason of its Tripartite Division, was signified by the Hieroglyphic of Geryon, is not only the Opinion of some Authors, but appears from a Coin of the Emperor Hadrian, the third time Consul, in which there is a three-headed Image leaning on a Spear; either to signify his Peragration of Spain, or his Origination from thence. Others have referred this to the Vices of Speech, Body, and Soul, which Hercules overcame; which is confirmed from the three Apples ordinarily held in one Hand of Hercules, still to be seen in a Statue of his in the Farnesie Palace at Rome, which, Suidas says, alluded to the same. On the top of the Cupula CONCORD, a Woman in her right-Hand holding her Mantle; in her lefthand a Caduceus; under her Feet a Serpent struggling, which she seems to tread down. That a Serpent was a Hieroglyphic of Enmity, and War, (for which cause it is presented trampled under the Feet of CONCORD) appears from many Writers, Histories, and Medaigles. ARTEMIDORUS * Oneirocrit. lib. two. cap. xiii. , A Serpent signifies a Disease, and brings Enmity: according as that hurts any one in his Dream, so shall his Disease, and Enemy. And ACHMET † Oneirocrit. cap. cclxxiii. , Serpents generally, according to their proportion, signify Enemies. NICEPHORUS, Patriarch of Constantinople, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Killing a Serpent, think your Enemy you kill. So DIODORUS says, that, according to the Egyptians, A Serpent is the Symbol of Hatred. VIRGIL, describing Allecto, endeavouring to raise a War betwixt Turnus and Aeneas, feigns her with two Snakes erect upon her Head; — Flammea torquens Lumina, cunctantem, & quaerentem dicere plura Reppulit, & GEMINOS erexit crinibus ANGUES: Verberáque insonuit, validóquae haec edidit ore. Rolling her bloody Eyes, she drives him back, Labouring Requests, and once again to speak: Then with two Serpents from her Snaky Hair She scourging him did thus her Rage declare. AESCHYLUS, of a Dream of Clytaemnestra, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. As she reported, in her Dream she thought, Forth to the World that she a Serpent brought, Swathed like a tender Infant wanting meat, And, pitying, lays the Monster to her Teat. Milk issued forth commixed with clotted gore. From whence Orestes immediately conjectured she was to die by his Hand. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. So she, who gave the Monster life, and breath, Should therefore suffer by a violent Death: And I, like an enraged Serpent, should Kill her myself, and her sad Dream unfold. Plut. in Gracchis. Which may further be illustrated from several events. TIBERIUS GRACCHUS, in his Bed, was clasped about by two Serpents. Which Prodigy when the Soothsayers had considered, they counselled, that he should neither kill both, nor let both escape: and further said, that, if he killed the Male, it would cost his own life; if the Female, his Wife Cornelia ' s. TIBERIUS, bearing affection to his Wife, and withal thinking it more agreeable, that he, being the elder, should die first, killed the Male, and let the Female escape: and not long after died. The same evil consequence we find in the History of C. HOSTILIUS MANCINUS † Obsequens De Predigiis, cap. lxxxiii. ; who, as soon as he had gone aboard a Ship, in order to his Voyage to Numantia, on a sudden heard a Voice cry, Stay, MANCINUS. Whereupon he returned back, and, at Genoa, going aboard again, found a Serpent in the Ship, which escaped from him. He was overthrown, and delivered up to his Enemies. And VALERIUS MAXIMUS * Lib. i cap. lxxxvii. says, that in the dissension of M. Fulvius Flaccus about making some Laws, two black Serpents, sliding into the Cell of Minerva, portended intestine Murders. Thus we find them generally to portend sad Events, but particularly they were the Hieroglyphic of War, and Devastation. This appears from that known Story of Homer, where he tells us, that, while the Grecians were sacrificing at Aulis, they saw a Dragon devour eight young Sparrows, with the Dam, and makes the Prophet Calchas † Iliad. ζ interpret it the duration of the War for nine years. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. For, as this Serpent, which from th' Altar sprung, Devoured the woeful Mother, and her Young, Which with her tender Issue make up nine: So many Years the Destinies design This War shall last, and we the Tenth destroy The lofty Bulwarks of well-builded Troy. Where the Dragon signified the War; the number of the Birds, the Continuation of it. So when Hannibal, in a Dream, saw a Serpent of vast magnitude throwing down Rocks, Woods, and Towns, and enquired of the Gods the meaning of it, they returned this Answer † Silius Ital. lib. iii. , BELLA vides optata tibi; te maxima BELLA, Te strages nemorum, te toto turbida coelo Tempestas, caedésque virûm, magnaeque ruinae Idaei generis, lachrymosáque fata sequuntur. Quantus per campos populatis montibus actas Contorquet sylvas squallenti tergore SERPENS, Et latè humectat terras spumante veneno: Tantus, perdomitis decurrens Alpibus, atro Involves BELLO Italiam: tantóque fragore Eruta convulsis prosternes oppida muris. — Thou dost see The War so much desired, and sought by Thee. thou greatest Wars attend; the dreadful Fall Of Woods, and Forests, with high Storms, that all The Face of Heaven disturb; the Slaughter Thee, And Death of Men; the great Calamity Of the Idaean Race, and saddest Fate Do follow, and upon thee daily wait. As great, and terrible, as that dire Snake, Which now the Mountains with his Scaly Back Depopulates, and drives the Forests through The Fields before him, and doth Earth imbrue With frothy Poison: Such thou, having past, And overcome the Alps, with War shalt waste All Italy; and, with a Noise as great, The Cities, and their Walls, shalt ruinated. Mr. ROSS. Which is evidently seen in some Medaigles of the Roman Emperors, as in this Reverse of Augustus'. coin obverse Num. C. CAES OCTAV CAESAR IMP VII. coin reverse RECEPTA ASIA Where two Serpents, that is, the Hostility, and Dissension of the Roman Empire, divided into two Factions, that of Augustus, and Antony, are separated by an intervening Victory; that of Augustus at Actium, and Alexandria. That upon these Victories this Coin was stamped, may be collected from the Inscription on the other side, CAESAR IMP. VII. that is annus U. C. DCCXXIV. in which * Dio, Lib li. Year he triumphed for the two Victories beforementioned. The same is to be seen in a Reverse of M. Antony's. coin obverse Num: M. ANTONII. III VIRI. M. ANTONIUS IMP. COS DESIG ITERIT●●● coin reverse III VIR. R. P. C. Where a Woman (supposed to be CONCORD, with the Face of Octavia, Sister to Augustus, and Wife to M. Antony,) in a long Stole, holding in her left Hand a pure Spear, in her right a Pontifical Vessel, parts two Serpents, signifying the Armies of Augustus, and Antony. Which Interpretation of this Coin is very much confirmed from History. For this Pacification, obtained by the Prudence of Octavia, happened anno U. C. DCCXVI. Agrippa, and Gallus, being Consuls. That this Coin was stamped after the Year DCCXIV. Vide Pighii Annal. ad cum annum. (the time of the Peace between Sext. Pompey, C. Caes. Octavianus, and Antony,) appears from the Inscription on the other side, M. ANTONIUS IMP. COS. DESIG. ITER. ET. TERT. for Appian * De Civil. Bel. Lib. v. says, that, after that Peace, the Consulships were appointed for the next four Years. For the first, Antony, and Libo (which Antony had been Consul before with Julius Caesar;) next, Caesar, and Pompey; after them Ahenobarbus, and Sossius; last, Caesar, and Antony: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, then to become the third time Consuls. On the Westside, the third great Figure, a Woman standing at the Helm of a Ship; in her left Hand, a Cornucopia; the Word, FORTUNAE REDUCI. FORTUNE was not more various, and unconstant in her Motions, than those, that painted her, in their Descriptions. The first was Bupalus, who put a Celestial Orb (which Pierius unhappily changed, by the mistake of one Vowel, into a Foal) on her Head, and a Cornucopia in her left Hand; as we find her in a Reverse of a Coin of the Emperor Gallienus, with this Inscription, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Afterwards, some feigned her either standing upon a Stone, or the top of some Mountain exposed to the Winds, or upon a Wheel: others, upon the Prow of a Ship, holding a Sail with both her Hands; which is frequent in Greek Medaigles. PAUSANIAS makes mention of a Temple of Fortune, in which there was her Statue, holding a young Plutus, the God of Riches, in her Hand: as we find her in ARISTOPHANES * In Pluto. , to signify, that she was the Mother, and Nurse of Wealth. Some attributed Wings to her, as EUSEBIUS mentions. HORACE † Lib. iii. Od. 29. , — si celeres quatit Pennas, resigno quae dedit.— If she her nimble Pinions wave, I strait resign whate'er she gave. The Scythians, both Wings, and Hands, but no Feet. When APELLES was asked, why he made Fortune sitting, he answered, Because she never stood. But we shall only take notice of what is here before us. In the same manner we find her described in a Stone, ensculpt on both sides, with this Inscription on one, NUM. DOM. AUG. SACRUM. FORTUNAE CONSERVATRICI HORRE OR. GALBANORUM. M. LORINUS FORTUNATUS MAGISTER S. P. B. D. with the Image of Fortune, holding in her left Hand a Cornucopia, in her right the Helm of a Ship: and so we find her too in a Reverse of a Coin of TRAJAN the Emperor, mentioned by OCCO. The like says LACTANTIUS * Lib. iii. , Effingebatur quidem Fortuna cum Cornucopia, & Gubernaculo; tanquam opes tribuere putaretur, & humanarum rerum regimen obtinere: Fortune was made with a Cornucopia, and the Helm of a Ship, as if she were reputed the Disposer of Wealth, and had the Government of Humane Affairs. And PLUTARCH † De fortuna Romanorum. , after various instances on each side, at length concludes, that the Roman Empire ought more to Fortune, then to Valour, or Prudence: and therefore says, that, having left the Persians, and Assyrians, she lightly flew over Macedonia, and presently she shaked off ALEXANDER; then passing through Egypt, and Syria, often tried the Carthaginians: but when she had once passed the Tiber, and entered the Palace, she laid aside her Wings, put off her Talaria, and forsook her unfaithful, and ever-mutable Sphere, as if she intended to stay there for ever. Indeed the Romans did confess as much; who, having dedicated sundry Temples to Fortune, with all variety of Honour, in the most eminent places of the City, never erected one to Virtue, or Valour, till the time of Marcellus, that took Syracuse; or of Scipio Numantinus, about the † Helvicus Chron. pag. 75. d. five hundred sixty and third year after the building of the City. To Prudence never dedicated to any. Among the rest of Fortune's Titles none more frequent, than this of REDUX, to whom we read that DOMITIAN the Emperor built a Temple, mentioned by MARTIAL * Lib. seven. , Hìc ubi FORTUNAE REDUCI fulgentia latè Templa nitent.— Here, where bright Fanes to RETURNED FORTUNE shine. Temples of the like nature are mentioned too by CLAUDIAN, Aurea FORTUNAE REDUCI si Templa priores Ob reditum vouêre Ducum, non digniùs unquam Haec Dea pro meritis amplas sibi posceret aedes, etc. If they to FORTUNE REDUX vowed of old, Their Chiefs returned with Conquest, Fanes of Gold; The Goddess never more deserved then now, That we should stately Temples her allow. coin CAESARI AUGUSTO coin FORT RED CAIS-AVO-S. P.Q.R. Above there are eight living Figures with Pennons, and Shields, representing the four Cardinal Virtues, each with an Attendant. PRUDENCE, on her Shield Bellerophon on a Pegasus, running his Javelin into the Mouth of a Chimaera; the Word, CONSILIO ET VIRTUTE. Bellerophon was the Son of Glaucus' King of Corinth, renowned both for Prudence, Courage, Beauty, and Modesty. Of whom thus HOMER † Iliad. vi. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.— — Glaucus Bellerophon, In whom all Good concentered as in one: And Heaven this Prince a Pers'nage did afford, Which all admired.— The Poets feign many Stories of him. They say, he went to Praetus, King of the Argivi, by whom at first he was kindly entertained. But being afterwards falsely accused by Antea, the Wife of Praetus, for offering to tempt her Chastity, he sent him to jobates, King of Lycia, with a Letter written purposely to have him killed, jobates, to pleasure Praetus, sent Bellerophon against the Chimaera. But Minerva, the Goddess of Prudence, and Valour, protected his Innocence. Wherefore she bridled Pegasus, and delivered it to him. Upon whom being mounted, he slew the Chimaera with his Javelin. After which Victory he sent him against the Solymi (a Nation betwixt Lycia, and Pamphylia) and the Amazons. From whence he returned also Conqueror; jobates, moved with his Prudence, and Valour, gave him to Wife his Daughter Philonoë, and afterwards dying, left him Successor in his Kingdom. Of which largely HOMER * Ibid. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. First he commands him stern Chimaera kill: This hideous Monster, of no Mortal Race, A Dragon's Tail had, and a Lion's Face, Backed like a shaggy Goat, still belching Flame: This by Divine Assistance he o'ercome. Next he against renowned Solym fought; This Victory, he said, was dearly bought. He last against the Amazons prevailed. But, when he saw all open Forces failed, He fell to close contrivance, and did lay An Ambuscade to kill him in his way; Not one returned of all, that were employed, All were by bold Bellerophon destroyed: But when he knew he was of Heavenly Blood, His only Daughter he on him bestowed, Investing strait with half his Regal Power. The Chimaera is in the same manner described also by HESIOD * In Theogonia, vers. 322. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 She bore Chimaera belching dreadful Fire, Mighty, and strong, extremely swift, and dire. Three Heads the Monster had; a Lion's first, And next a Goat's, a Serpent's last, and worst. A Dragon's Tail she had, and Lion's Face, Backed like a Goat, belching out Flames apace; Whom Pegasus took, and stout Bellerophon. VIRGIL * Aeneid. seven. also makes a Chimaera on the Helmet of Turnus, vomiting forth Fire; Cui, triplici crinita jubâ, galea alta Chimaeram Sustinet, Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignes. Tam magis illa fremens, & tristibus effera flammis, Quàm magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae. On's Crest Chimaera, through a triple Tyre Of bushy Horse-Mains, breathed Aetnaean Fire. Strangely it roars, and Flame more fiercely glows, When in the Battle blood in Rivers flows. From that part of the History, wherein Minerva is said to bridle Pegasus for Bellerophon, there was built a Temple, and Statue of Minerva called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fraenatrix; as PAUSANIAS † In Corinthiacis. relates. That Bellerophon was the Son of Glaucus, King of Corinth, appears from a Medaigle of the Corinthians yet extant, on the Reverse of which is Bellerophon mounted on Pegasus, slaying the Chimaera with his Javelin: on the other side VENUS, with this Inscription 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, because at Corinth VENUS had a most splendid Temple. There is also a Coin of C. Caesar's, in which Bellerophon kills the Chimaera, with this Inscription COL. JUL. COR. that is, Corinth the Colony of Julius Caesar. Because C.J. Caesar restored the City of Corinth, utterly destroyed before by Mummius, as we find in DIO, and in PAUSANIAS in the beginning of his Corinthiaca. coin COL JUL. CO coin Q. CAECILNI●●● C. HEIO. PAD II. VIR What the Ancients did denote by this Triple Form of Chimaera, is doubtful. NYMPHODORUS the Syracusan says, that Chimaera was a Mountain of Lycia, which perpetually vomited forth Fire, on the top of which lived Lions, in the middle (where were spacious pleasant Meadows) Goats, at the bottom Dragons. Which Mountain when Bellephoron had rendered habitable, he was said to have slain Chimaera. But Antigonus Carystius says, it signified only the People of three several Nations conquered by Bellerophon. JUSTICE, on her Shield a Woman holding a Sword in one Hand, a Balance in the other; the Word, QUOD DEXTERA LIBRAT. Though this Description of JUSTICE, with a Balance in one Hand, hath been by late Writers accounted modern, yet it appears from Occo to have been ancient, who thus found her represented in the Reverse of a Coin of Trajan the Emperor, with a Caduceus in the other Hand: if he mistook her not for Moneta Aug. constantly so described; as may be seen in the Coins of Antoninus, and other Emperors. coin IMP. C.M.AN. FLORIANUS. P. F. AUG. coin MONETA AV G. TEMPERANCE, a Viol in her left Hand, a Bridle in her right; the Word, FERRE LUPATA DOCET. FORTITUDE, a Lion having the Arms of England, in an Escutcheon; the Word, CUSTOS FIDISSIMUS. The internal Part of this Triumph, or Temple, is Round, the upper part Dark, only enlightened by Artificial Lights; the lower part divided into ten Parts by Pilasters with Pedestals. Within the Temple are twelve living Figures, three placed above the Rest. The First the Goddess of the Temple in rich Habit, with a Caduceus in her Hand, and a Serpent at her Feet. Behind the Goddess, a Man in a Purple Gown, like a Citizen of London, presenting the KING with an Oaken Garland. Over the KING'S Head, PATER PATRIAE. Over the Citizen's, S. P. Q. L. OB CIVES SERVATOS. There were several sorts of Crowns in use among the Romans, according to the variety of the Deserts of those, who were rewarded with them; Obsidionales, Murales, Castrenses, Navales, Rostratae, Civicae. The Obsidionalis was given to him, who had raised a Siege; which was made of the Grass, that grew in the place besieged: and this was accounted more † Plin. Lib. xuj. cap. iv. honourable than any of the rest. The first among the Romans, that was rewarded with this sort of Crown, was Q. Cincinnatus; after him P. Decius, and L. Sicinius Dentatus, Calpurnius Flamma, and others. The Mural Crown was the reward of him that first scaled the Walls, and entered the place assaulted; mentioned by SILIUS ITALICUS * Lib. xii. , Fulvius ût finem spoliandis aedibus, aere Belligero revocante, dedit; sublimis ab alto Suggestu (magnis autor non futilis ausis) Lavino generate, inquit, quem Sospita Juno Dat nobis, Milo, Gradivi cape victor honorem, Tempora Murali cinctus turrita coronâ. But when, from Plunder of the Town, again The Gen'ral, by the Trumpet's sound, his Men Had called (a Noble Cherisher of great Attempts) to Milo, from his lofty Seat, He thus began; Lanuvian Youth, whom we From Juno Sospita receive, from me This Martial Honour for thy Victory Accept, and 'bout thy Towered Temples try This Mural Crown.— Mr. Ross. And in another place † Lib. xv. , — phaleris hic pectora fulget, Hic torque aurato circumdat bellica colla; Ille nitet celsus Muralis honore coronae. — here shining stood One with rich Trappings on his Breast, and there Another on his Warlike Neck did wear A Golden Chain: this with a Mural Crown Was honoured,— The Castrensis belonged to him, that first entered the Tents of the Enemy: which, in the Infancy of the Roman Empire, was made of Leaves. With such an one Romulus rewarded Host●us Hostilius, Grandfather to Tul●us Hostilius, King of Rome: afterwards of Gold. This, without question, is the same with that, which otherwise is called Vallaris. coin CA But that, which gave us occasion to mention these, is the Corona Civica, given to him, that in single Combat had rescued a Citizen, and slain the Enemy on the place: and this was made of Oak. LU●●N † Lib. i. , — Emeritíque gerens insignia doni Servati civis referentem praemia quercum. — Crowned with an Oaken Wreath, Rewards for such, a Roman saved from Death. CLAUDIAN * Lib. iii. Stilich. , Mos erat in veterum castris, ut tempora quercus Velaret, validis fuso qui viribus host Casurum potuit morti subducere civem. 'Twas th'ancient Guise in Camps, an Oaken Bough Should wreathe his Temples, who had slain a Foe, And off a Citizen in danger brought. And in another place † De land Serenae. , Hunc cingit Muralis honos, hunc Civica quercus Nexuit, hunc domitis ambit Rostrata carinis. This Mural Honour crowns, that Civic Boughs, This wreaths his Head with conquered Galleys Prows. These were ordinarily prefixed the Entrance of the Emperor's Palaces, as being populi Servatores. OVID * Fast. Lib. i. , Ante fores stabis, mediámque tuebere quercum, Protegat & nostras querna corona fores. Thou shalt protect the middle Oak before The Gates; let Oaken Garlands save our Dore. In another place, En domus haec, dixi, Jovis est; quod ut esse probarem, Augurium menti querna corona dabat. Behold, said I, this is Jove's House; I know By th'Oaken Wreath, that needs it must be so. Which seems to be derived from JULIUS CAESAR: of whose Statues thus APPIAN, speaking of the Honours decreed to him; There were several Figures inscribed on his Effigies: on some a Crown of Oak, as dedicated to the Saviour of his Country. And DIO of Augustus; When he denied the Monarchy, and discoursed of dividing the Provinces, it was decreed, that Laurels should be set up before his Palace, and a Crown of Oak hung over them, to signify, that he was constantly overthrowing his Enemies, and saving his Fellow-Citizens. The memory of which Honour conferred on him is preserved in several of his Coins: in one there is a Crown of Oak betwixt two Branches of Laurel. coin CAESAR OB CIVIS SIR AUGUSTUS In another the same Crown betwixt two CAPRICORNS (he was born under that Sign) with a Globe, and the Helm of a Ship. coin DIVO AUGUSTO S. P. Q. R. OB CIVIS SIR In one this Inscription, within the Crown of Oak, SALUS HUMANI GENERIS: to which PLINY * Nat. Hist. lib. xuj. cap. xii. , without question, alluded in those words, Dedit AUGUSTUS Rostratam coronam AGRIPPAE, sed CIVICAM à genere humano recepit ipse. There are several reasons propounded by PLUTARCH, and others after him, why this Crown should be made of this material; but none so probable as this, because the Oak was sacred to JUPITER and JUNO Conservatoribus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The Habit of VENUS 'tis something difficult in particular to deliver; the ancient Artists having been more willing to form her naked, as appears from the Statues of her still remaining in Rome, and from this Poem of ANACREON upon VENUS engraved on a Basin, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, etc. What bold Hand the Sea engraves, Whilst it's undermined Waves In a Dishe's narrow round Art's more powerful Rage doth bound? See by some Promethean mind Cytherea there designed, Mother of the Deities, Exposed naked to our Eyes In all parts, save those alone, Modesty will not have shown, Which for Covering only have The thin Mantle of a Wave: On the Surface of the Main, Which a smiling Calm lays plain, She, like frothy Sedges, swims, And displays her Snowy Limbs, etc. Mr. STANLEY. Yet, because there is something of it particular to her, we shall give some account of it from CLAUDIAN, who thus describes her Dress, when she was going to the Wedding of HONORIUS the Emperor: — natum gremio Cytherea removit: Et crines festina ligat, peplúmque fluentem Allevat, & blando spirantem numine ceston Cingitur, impulsos pluviis quo mitigat amnes, Quo mare, quo ventos, iratáque fulmina solvit. Venus' the Boy lays from her Breast; Binds up her Hair, and tucks her flowing Vest; Girds on her Cestus' breathing powerful love, Which calms swollen Rivers by a Deluge drove, The raging Seas, rough Winds, and thundering Jove. What this Cestos is, may best be known from HOMER † iliad. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. , who is the first, that mentioned it: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. This saying, off she takes her curious Cest, Where all Allurements were of Love expressed, Dalliance, Desire, Courtship, and Flatteries, which The wisest with their Sorceries bewitch. The Roses, and Dolphin, in the Hands of CUPID, signify his Dominion on Land, and Sea: of which there is extant an Epigram of PALLADAS, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The Dolphin he, nor Roses holds in vain: In this Hand Earth, in that he holds the Main. ANACREON, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, etc. Roses, of all Flowers the King; Roses, the fresh Pride o'th' Spring, Joy of every Deity; Love, when with the Graces he For the Ball himself disposes, Crowns his Golden Hair with Roses. Of the Dolphin largely OPPIAN, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, etc. The Dolphin rules the Scaly Flocks, endowed With Strength, and Swiftness; of his Beauty proud: He, like a Lance discharged, through Billows flies, And dazzling Flames darts from his glaring Eyes, Finding out Fish, that frighted sculk in Holes, Or Caves, and bed themselves in Sand like Moles. As eagle's monarch it 'mongst fearful Birds; As Lion's Tyrants act 'mongst subject Herds; As much as cruel Serpents Worms excel: So Dolphins Princes in the Ocean dwell. No Fish dares them approach, nor be so bold His Eyes, and dreadful Visage to behold. Far from the Tyrant, fearing sudden Death, Frighted they fly; fainting for want of Breath. But when the Dolphin, hungry, hunts out Food, The Silver Fry in Troops amazed scud, Filling each way with fear: then Caves, and Holes, Rocks, Bays, and Harbours fill with frighted Shoals. From all parts driven he selects the best, Choosing from Thousands out a plenteous Feast. Of the nine lesser Figures; the first bears, on a Shield, the King of Bees flying alone; a Swarm following at some distance: the Word, REGE INCOLUMI MENS OMNIBUS UNA. The Second, on his Shield, a Testudo advancing against a Wall; the Word, CONCORDIAE CEDUNT. " The Third, a Shield charged with Hearts; the Word, HIC MURUS AHENEUS ESTO. The Fourth, like a Spread-Eagle with two Heads, one of an Eagle, the other of an Ostrich; in the Mouth of the Ostrich an Horse-shoe, in the Talon of the Eagle a Thunderbolt; the Word, PRAESIDIA MAJESTATIS. The Fifth, a Bundle of Javelins; the Word, UNITAS. The Sixth, two Hands joined athwart the Escutcheon, as from the Clouds, holding a Caduceus with a Crown; the Word, FIDE ET CONSILIO. The Seventh, Arms laid down, Guns, Pikes, Ensigns, Swords; the Word, CONDUNTUR, NON CONTUNDUNTUR. The Eighth, a Caduceus, with a Winged Hat above, and Wings beneath, two Cornucopiaes coming out at the middle, supported by a Garland; the Word, VIRTUTI FORTUNA COMES. The Ninth, a Bright Star striking a gleam through the midst of the Escutcheon; the Word, MONSTRANT REGIBUS ASTRA VIAM. With these Figures is intermingled a Band of twenty four Violins. The Bases, and Capitals within this Triumph, are as Brass, and the Pillars Steel. The Triumph thus adorned, and the several Music playing, all passed through, till such time as His Majesty came to the middle of the Temple, at which time the three principal living Figures, viz. CONCORD, LOVE, and TRUTH, who till then had not been seen, were, by the drawing of a Curtain, discovered, and entertained His Majesty with the following Song. I. Comes not here the King of Peace, Who, the Stars so long foretell, From all Woes should us release, Converting Iron-times to Gold? II. Behold, behold! Our Prince confirmed by Heavenly Signs, Brings healing Balm, Brings healing Balm, and Anodynes, To close our Wounds, and Pain assuage. III. He comes with conquering Bays, and Palm, Where swelling Billows used to rage, Gliding on a silver Calm; Proud Interests now no more engage. Chorus, Let these arched Roofs resound, Joining Instruments, and Voice, Fright pale Spirits under Ground; But let Heaven and Earth rejoice, We our Happiness have found. He, thus marching to be Crowned, Attended with thus Glorious Train, From civil Broils Shall free these Isles, Whilst He, and His Posterity shall reign, I. Who follow Trade, or study Arts, Improving Pasture, or the Blow, Or furrow Waves to Foreign Parts, Use your whole Endeavours now. II. His Brow, His Brow Bids your Hearts, as well as Hands, Together join, Together joining bless these Lands; Peace, and Concord, never poor, Will make with Wealth these Streets to shine, Ships fraught with Spice, and Golden Ore, Your Fields with Honey, Milk, and Wine, To supply our Neighbour's Store. The first Song ended, CONCORD addressed herself to His Majesty, in these words, Welcome, great Sir, to CONCORD'S Fane; Which Your Return built up again; You have her Fabric reared so high, That the proud Turrets kiss the Sky. Tumult by You, and Civil War In Janus Gates imprisoned are. By You, the King of Truth, and Peace; May all Divisions ever cease! Your Sacred Brow the blushing Rose, And Virgin Lily twined enclose! The Caledonian Thistle-Down Combine with these t'adorn Your Crown! No Discord in th' Hibernian Harp! Nought in our Duty flat, or sharp! But all conspire, that You, as Best, May 'bove all other Kings be Blest. The Speech ended, His Majesty, at His going off, was entertained with the following Song, With all our Wishes, Sir, go on, Our CHARLES, three Nations Glory; That Worlds of Eyes may look upon, Behind, Sir, and before Ye; Go great Exemplar of our British Story, Paternal Crowns assume, That then Your Royal Name May, registered by Fame, Smell like a sweet Perfume: Not writ in Marble, Brass, or Gold, Nor sparkling Gems, Such as shine in Diadems, But where all Nations may behold With brighter Characters enroled, On th' Azure velum of configured Stars; Who fixed, with gentle Smiles, Two fluctuating Isles, And built well-grounded Peace on Civil Wars. On the little Conduit, at the lower End of Cheapside, were placed four Figures, or Nymphs, each of them having an Escutcheon in the one Hand, and a Pendent in the other. In a Balcony, erected at the Entrance of Pater-noster-Row, were placed His majesty's Drum, and Fife; the number of Persons, eight. Between that and Ludgate there were two other Balconies erected: in one was placed a Band of six Waits; in the other, six Drums. On the Top of Ludgate six Trumpets. At Fleet-Bridge, a Band of six Waits. On Fleet-Conduit were six Figures, or Nymphs, clad in White, each with an Escutcheon in one Hand, and a Pendent in the other; as also a Band of six Waits. And on the Lantern of the Conduit was the Figure of Temperance, mixing Water and Wine. archway UBERITATI AU EXTINCTO BELLI CIVIL D●CENDID CLUSOQ. IA●● 〈…〉 THE FOURTH ARCH. IN Fleetstreet, near White-friar's, stands the fourth Triumphal Arch, representing the Garden of PLENTY; it is of two Stories, one of the Doric Order, the other of the jonick. The Capitals have not their just Measure, but incline to the Modern Architecture. Upon the great Shield over the Arch, in large Capitals, this Inscription, UBERITATI AUG. EXTINCTO BELLI CIVILIS INCENDIO, CLUSOQVE JANI TEMPLO, ARAM CELSISS. CONSTRUXIT S. P. Q. L. coin IMP. C.C. VID. TRED. G●LLVS. ●VG. coin UDERITAS AUG She is represented in a long Stole, or Mantle, the proper Habit of Women, holding in one Hand a Patera, or little Cup; in the other a Cornucopia. The latter is well known to be the Emblem of Plenty. It's original related by OVID * Metam. lib. ix. Fab. i. : which, though unknown to few, the elegancy of the Relation will not give me leave to omit. — rigidum fera dextera cornu Dum tenet, infregit; truncáque à fronte revellit. Naiads hoc pomis, & odoro flore repletum Sacrârunt: diuésque meo bona copia cornu est. — my Brow he disadorns, By breaking one of my engaged Horns. The Naiads with Fruits, and Flowers this fill, Wherein abundant Plenty riots still. coin M. ANTON. M.F.M. N.AUG. IMP. TER. What is meant by EXTINCTO BELLI CIVILIS INCENDIO, the extinction of the Flames of Civil War, is fortunately known to us all, and may serve to explicate what follows, CLUSOQUE JANI TEMPLO, the shutting of Janus 's Temple: a Rite instituted by NUMA, according to LIVY: Numa Regno potitus Vrbem novam, conditam vi & armis, Jure eam Legibúsque ac Moribus de integro condere parat: quibus cùm inter bella assuescere videret non posse (quip efferatis militiâ animis) mitigandum ferocem populum armorum desuetudine ratus, Janum ad infimum Argiletum, indicem Pacis Bellique fecis: APERTUS, ut in armis esse civitatem; CLAUSUS, pacatos circa omnes populos significaret. NUMA, being possessed of the Kingdom, applied himself to reform the new City, which was built by Force, and Arms, and to build it anew by Rites, Laws, and Institutions: with which perceiving, that in the midst of War it was not possible to be effected, by reason that their minds were made rough and fierce by Arms; he conceiving that the fierce People might by their disaccustomance be made mild, he built a Temple to Janus at the bottom of Argiletus, the signifier of Peace, and War: which being OPENED, shown that the City was in Arms; SHUT, that they were in peace with all Nations. This VARRO * De ling. Lat. lib. iv. confirms, The Janual Gate is so called from Janus: and therefore an Image of Janus is placed there and a Rite instituted by▪ NUMA POMPILIUS (as LUCIUS PISO in his Annals relates) that it should be always SHUT but in the time of War. We find not where, that it was OPENED in the time of POMPILIUS. PLUTARCH, in the Life of NUMA, There is at Rome a Temple also of JANUS, with a two-leaved Gate, which they call Polemopyle, the Gate of War. For it was decreed, that in the time of War that Temple should be OPEN; in Peace, SHUT. But VIRGIL † Aeneid. seven. derives this Institution higher, Mos erat Hesperio in Latio, quem protinus urbes Albanae coluêre sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit, cùm prima movent in praelia Martem; Sive Getis infer manu lachrymabile Bellum, Hyrcanísve Arabísve parant, seu tendere ad Indos Aurorámque sequi, Parthósque reposcere signa. Sunt geminae BELLI PORTAE (sic nomine dicunt) Relligione sacrae, & saevi formidine Martis. Centum aerei claudunt vectes, aeternáque ferri Robora, nec custos absistit limine Janus. Has (ubi certa sedet Patribus sententia pugnae) Ipse, Quirinali trabeâ, cinctúque Gabino Insignis, RESERAT stridentia LIMINA Consul: Ipse vocat pugnas, sequitur tum caetera pubes, Aereáque assensu conspirant cornua rauco. There was an ancient use in Latium, Which Alban Towns held sacred, and now Rome, Greatest in power, observes; when they prepare 'Gainst Arab's, Geteses, or fierce Hyrcanians War, Or march to India, or the Eastern Main, Or Ensigns from the Parthians to regain. Two Gates there be, are styled the PORTS OF WAR, Sacred to Mars with reverential fear, Shut with an hundred Iron, and Brazen Bands, There in the Porch bifronted Janus stands. Here, when the Senate have a War decreed, The Consul, glorious in his Regal Weed, And Gabine Robe, doth groaning Gates unbar, In his own Person then proclaims the War. The valiant Youth, attending, guard him round, And doleful Trumpets Diapasons sound. This Temple was shut several times. First in the Reign of NUMA POMPILIUS, as PLUTARCH * In Vita Numae. testifies. Next, after the second PUNIC War, by T. MANLIUS Consul, says LIVY † Lib. i. . Thrice by AUGUSTUS: once after the Victory at Actium, about the time of the Nativity of our SAVIOUR; and then most justly, when there was an UNIVERSAL PEACE over the whole World. Of which last there is a Monument extant at this day in Spain: IMP. CAES. DIVI F. AUGUSTUS PONT. MAX. COS. XII. TRIBUNIC. POTEST. X. IMP. VIII. ORBE MARI ET TERRA PACATO TEMPLO JANI CLUSO ET REP. P.R. OPTIMIS LEGIB. ET SANCTISS. INSTITUTIS REFORMATA VIAM SUPERIORUM COSS. TEMPORE INCHOATAM PRO DIGNITATE IMPERII LATIOREM LONGIOREMQUE GADEIS USQUE PERDUXIT. And at this time it may properly be said to be shut at the fortunate arrival of our Sacred Sovereign into His Kingdoms, at what time there was a GENERAL PEACE throughout all Christendom. There is also a Coin of AUGUSTUS, whose Reverse is the Temple of JANUS shut; the Inscription, JAN. CLU. not to mention that of NERO, PACE TERRA MARIQUE PARTA JANUM CLUSIT. Goltz. August. pag. lviii. Augustin. Dial. v. coin obverse LANTHORN CLV coin reverse PACE PR TERRA MARIO PARTA IANVM●VS●T Over the Postern, on the Southside of the Entrance is BACCHUS, a Youth in a Chariot drawn by Tigers; the Reins, Vine-Branches; his Mantle, a Panther's Skin, his Crown, of Grapes, and Ivy; a Thyrsus in his left Hand, a Cup in his right: underneath, LIBER PATER. The Painting over this represents SILENUS on his Ass, Satyrs dancing round about, in Drunken and Antic Postures: the Prospect, a Vine-yard. The Statues of BACCHUS were of a very different form among the Ancients. MACROBIUS * Saturnal. lib. 1. cap. xviii. , Liberis Patris simulacra partim puerili aetate, partim juvenili fingebantur; praetereà barbatâ specie, senili quoque, etc. The Images of BACCHUS were partly like Boys, others like Youths, some with Beards, some like Old men. ULPIAN † Scholar in Midiam Demosth. , Chorus' of all Ages contended in the Feasts of BACCHUS, because they framed him of every Shape; for they paint him a Boy, an Old, and a Young man. Of which MACROBIUS gives this Physical Reason, esteeming BACCHUS to be the same with the SUN; Because the Sun in the Winter Solstice may seem a Boy, the days being then the shortest; but, by continual increases in the Spring Aequinox, may seem a Youth; in the Summer Solstice, at his full age; afterwards in his diminution, an Old man. In the form of an Old man we find him worshipped by the Grecians, under the Name of Bassareus, and Bryseus; and at Naples under the Name of Hebon: MACROBIUS in the same place. Of Hebon there is still remaining this Monument, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. So PAUSANIAS * In Eliacis. tells us of a Bearded Statue of Bacchus holding a Golden Cup in his Hand. But most frequently he is represented in the form of a Boy, or Youth. TIBULLUS † Lib. iii. , Solis aeterna est Phaebo Bacchôque juventus: Nam decet intonsus crinis utrumque Deum. Phoebus, and Bacchus must be ever young: For uncut Hair to either God belong. OVID * Metam. lib. iv. Fab. i. of Bacchus, — Tibi enim inconsumpta juventa, Tu puer aeternus, tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris coelo.— — still dost thou enjoy Unwasted Youth, eternally a Boy. The Poets feign him riding in a Chariot drawn either by Tigers, Leopards, or Lynxes. STATIUS † Lib. iv. , Liber pampineos materna ad moenia currus Promovet, effrenae dextrâ laeuâque sequuntur Lynxes, & uda mero lambunt retinacula tigers. Thence to his Mother's City Bacchus rides, Reined Lynxes by his Viny Chariot sides, And Tigers licked the Harness moist with Wine. HORACE, * Lib. iii. Od. iv. Hâc te merentem, Bacche pater, tuae Vexêre tigers, indocili jugum Collo trahentes.— Blest Bacchus thee thy Tigers drew, Who Yokes and Harness little knew. OVID † Metam. lib. iv. Fab. i. , — tu bijugum pictis insignia fraenis Colla premis lyncum.— — thou hold'st in awe The spotted Lynxes, which thy Chariot draw. These not only drew his Chariot, but were his constant Companions; as we find in the Ship of Bacchus, (taken from the Mariners, whom he had turned into Dolphins) described by OVID * Metam. lib. iii. , Quem circa tigers, simulacráque inania lyncum, Pictarumque jacent fera corpora pantherarum. Stern Tigers, Lynxes (such unto the eye) And spotted Panthers round about him lie. His Ship is lively set forth by Philostratus † In Imag. ; which, or the like, is still to be seen in the Church of St. Agnes at Rome, formerly a Temple of Bacchus', in most exquisite Mosaic Work. He was constantly crowned either with Grapes, Ivy, or both. OVID * Metam. lib. iii. , Ipse racemiferis frontem circumdatus uvis Pampineis agitat velatam frondibus hastam, He, head-bound with a Wreath of clustered Vines, A Javelin shook, clasped with their levy twines. Non crines, non serta loco, dextrámque reliquit Thyrsus, & intactae ceciderunt cornibus uvae. His Hair disordered now no Wreath adorns, His Thyrsus fell, plump Grapes drop from his Horns. HORACE † Lib. two. Od. nineteen. , — Deum Cingentem viridi tempora pampino. — a verdant Vine The God about his temples did entwine. TIBULLUS, Candid Liber ades, sic sit tibi mystica vitis, Sic hederâ semper tempora vincta feras. Bacchus assist, so may the sacred Vine, So may fresh Ivy still thy Brows entwine. So in Achaia, at the Feasts of Bacchus * Pausanias' n● Achaicis. , the Children having washed themselves in the River Meilichus, they put on Crowns of Ivy, and so go to the Temple of Bacchus Aesymnetes. Hence M. Antony * Dio lib. xlviii. , having assumed the Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, New Bacchus, caused the Coins, stamped with his Image, to bear a Crown of Ivy. coin obverse Num: M. ANTONII. III VIRI. M ANTONIUS IMP. COS DESIG. JIE RETI●●● coin reverse Num: M. ANTONII. III VIRI. III VIR R P C. And the Ancients used this, as an Argument, to prove that Bacchus of the Grecians, and Romans, was the same with Osiris of the Egyptians, because Ivy, which was sacred to Bacchus, was in Egypt called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, that is, The Plant of Osiris. Why Bacchus, and those that drank, did wear a Crown of Ivy, Athenaeus gives this Reason amongst the rest, because there is great plenty of it, and it grows of itself, and is everywhere to be had, being not undelightful for sight, shading the Forehead with its green Leaves, and Berries, and of a body fit for binding, besides that, cooling without any Carotique smell offensive to the Head. The Wine-Bowls also were ordinarily adorned in the same manner. VIRGIL, — pocula ponam Fagina, coelatum divini opus Alcimedontis: Lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis Diffusos hederâ vestit pallen●e corymbos. — two Beechen Cups I'll stake, Which the divine Alcimedon did make: Whereon with a smooth turn soft Vines he shapes, And with pale Ivy clothes the spreading Grapes. ANACREON, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, etc. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Vulcan come, thy Hammer take, And of burnished Silver make (Not a glittering Armour, for What have we to do with War? But) a large deep Bowl, and on it I would have thee carve no Planet, Pleiades, Wains, nor Waggoners; But to life exactly shape Clusters of the Juicy Grape; Whilst brisk Love their bleeding Heads Hand in hand with Bacchus treads. We find him clothed with the Skin of a Tiger (though that not the only one Garment he used) in CLAUDIAN * De raptu Proscrp. lib. i. : — Lenísque simul procedit jacchus, Crinali florens hederâ, quem Parthica velat Tigris, & auratos in nodum colligit ungues. — So Bacchus marched with Ivy crowned, Clad in a Parthian Tigre's spotted Hide, And Golden Claws in neat composure tied. A Thyrsus is a Spear adorned with Ivy at the upper end, which Bacchus, and his Attendants, made use of to sustain them in their drink. Claudian † De raptu Proserp. lib. i. , of Bacchus, Ebria Maeoniis fulcit vestigia Thyrsis. His Lydian Thyrse supports his reeling Limbs. Pausanias * In Arcadicis. , The Statue (of Jupiter) is like unto Bacchus; for it hath Buskins instead of Shoes, and it holds in one hand a Cup, in the other a Thyrsus. This Thyrsus, with a Cornucopia, is the Hieroglyphic of Mirth in a Coin of Faustina's; the Inscription HILARITAS. In one hand she holds a Cornucopia, in the other a Thyrsus, on a Spear, covered from one end to the other with Leaves, and Coronets. Silenus, and the Satyrs, were the constant deboist Companions of Bacchus. Of whom Pausanias * In Atticis. relates a Story told him by Euphemus a Carian, that, in a Voyage to Italy, by cross Winds, their Ship was forced beyond the straits into the Atlantic Ocean, and was driven by the Tempest upon the Islands, called, by the Mariners, The Islands of Satyrs. Whose Inhabitants were of a yellowish colour, and had Tails not inferior to those of Horses. Who, as soon as they saw the Ship arrived, presently entered, and laid hold of the Women: so that the Mariners were forced, out of fear, to land them a Woman, whom the Satyrs used not only according to Nature, but abused all parts of her body: Nor were the young Satyrs more devoted to Venus, then old Silenus to his Patron Bacchus. VIRGIL † Eclog. vi. , — Chromis & Mnasylus in antro Silenum pueri somno vidêre jacentem, Inflatum hesterno venas, ùt semper, jaccho; Serta procul tantùm capiti delapsa jacebant, Et gravis attritâ pendebat cantharus ansâ. Say Muse, how Chromis and Mnasylus found In's Cave Silenus sleeping on the ground, O'th' last nights Bacchus swelled (his usual guise) Far from his Head his fallen off Garland lies. So OVID * Metam. lib. iv. Fab. i. , — Bacchaes, Satyríque sequuntur, Quíque senex ferulâ titubantes ebrius artus Sustinet, & pando non fortiter haeret asello. Light Bacchides, and skipping Satyrs follow, Whilst old Silenus, reeling still, doth hollow, Who weakly hangs upon his tardy Ass. Whence the Eleans * Pausanias. , in their Temple of Silenus, make Drunkenness delivering a Cup of Wine to him. He was conceived to be the Fosterer, and Educator of Bacchus; from whence AURELIUS NEMESIANUS † Eclog. iii. describes him with Bacchus in his Arms, Cui Deus arridens horrendas pectore setas Vellicat, aut digitis aures adstringit acutas, Applaudítve manu mutilum caput, aut breve mentum, Et simas tenero collidit pollice nares. Smiling on him the God his bristly Hairs Plucks from his Breast, or nips his pricked Ears, His low Brow claps, and short'ned Chin, and grows Familiar, tweaking of his Saddle Nose. And thus we find Silenus in an ancient Statue at Rome * Antiq. Rom. . The Satyrs were painted with Goat's Horns, and Feet, to signify the insatiableness of their Lust. FULGENTIUS † Mythol. lib. iii. ; Satyri cum caprinis cornibus depinguntur, quia nunquam nouêre saturari libidine; The Satyrs are painted with Goat's Horns, because their Lust is unsatiable. HORACE, * Carm. lib. two. Od. nineteen. , — aures Capripedum Satyrorum acutas. The Goat-foot Satyrs pricked Ears. On the North-side opposite, CERES, drawn in a Chariot by winged Dragons, and crowned with Ears of Corn: in her left Hand, Poppy; in her right, a blazing Torch. The Painting over her is a Description of Harvest; with CERES AUG. That the Chariot of CERES was feigned to be drawn by Dragons, appears from several places in the Poets. CLAUDIAN † De raptu Proserp. lib. i. , — sinuosa Draconum Membra regens, volucri qui pervia nubila tractu Signant, & placidis humectant fraena venenis. Frontem crista tegit, pingunt maculosa virentes Terga notae, rutilum squamis intermicat aurum. — she sinewy Dragon's guides, Who at high speed cut yielding Clouds in twain, Their Snaffles frothing with delightful bane, Crested their Fronts, Backs marked with freckling green, Their Scales, when brisselled up, Gold shines between. And immediately after, — fulvis SERPENTIBUS attigit Iden. With yellow SERPENTS drawn she Ida reached. OVID * Fast. lib. iv. , Dixit, & egrediens nubem trahit, ìnqùe DRACONES Transit, & alifero tollitur axe Ceres. Then going forth, a Cloud she draws, through Skies, With Dragons drawn, her swift-wheeled Chariot flies. And a little before, of the same Goddess, Quò simul ac venit fraenatos curribus ANGUES Junxit, & aequoreas sicca pererrat aquas. Her harnessed Serpents in her Chariot puts, And dry her way through swelling Billows cuts. Where we see promiscuously used angues, and dracones. So the Rod of Mercury, which is perpetually represented with Serpents about it, by Martial is encompassed by a Dragon: Cyllenes caelíque decus, facunde minister, Aurea cui torto virga DRACONE nitet. Heaven and Cyllenes Joy; Speaker divine, A Golden Dragon on thy Wand doth shine. And CLAUDIAN * De Bello Getico. speaking of the Golden Fleece kept by a Dragon, — insopitísque refusum Tractibus aurati custodem velleris ANGUEM. The watchful Dragon kept the Golden Fleece. coin C. VIBIUS. C. F.C.N The reason why Poppy should be attributed to Ceres, and from thence be called by VIRGIL † Georg. i. Cereale papaver, is variously rendered by SERVIUS: Velure quod est esui sicut frumentum: vel quo Ceres usa est ad oblivionem doloris; nam, ob raptum Prosperpinae vigiliis fracta, gustato eo acta est in soporem: vel quia pani adspergatur. Either because it is fit to eat, as Corn: or because Ceres used it to procure a forgetfulness of her grief; for, being wearied with continual watch in pursuit of her Daughter Proserpina stolen from her, upon tasting of it, she fell asleep: or else because 'tis sprinkled upon Bread. But the Mythologists, who esteem Ceres to be the same with the Earth, make it only a * Cornutus de Diis. Symbol of the Fecundity of it; or, from its orbicular Figure, to signify the rotundity of the Earth; from its inequality, the Valleys, and Mountains; from the multiplicity of its Grains, the vast multitude of Men, and Animals. For which reason the fertile Country of Sicily was sacred to her, which she contended for with Vulcan; and, in token of the Victory, the Sicilians dedicated her Statue with a little Image of Victory on her Hand. Which Statue CICERO † Contra Verrem. makes mentioned by several of the Poets; as by CALLIMACHUS, — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.— Poppies she took, and Garlands in her Hand. THEOCRITUS, — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In either Hand she Corn, and Poppies had. Porphyry, quoted by Eusebius * De Prepar. lib. iii. , says, that Ceres was crowned with Ears of Corn, about which were several Branches of Poppy, which were the Symbols of Fertility. She was accounted by the Ancients the Goddess, that first delivered to Mankind the Art of Tillage, whence they usually crowned her with Ears of Corn. TIBULLUS, Flava Ceres, tibi sit nostro de rure corona Spicea— O yellow Ceres, round thy Golden Locks, Place Garlands taken from our Country Shocks. OVID, Flava Ceres, tenues spicis redimita capillos, Ceres, whose slender Hairs Corn-ears do bind. Or put them in her Hand. So in the Reverse of a Coin of Julia Pia, there is one loaning with her left Hand on a Spear, holding in her right Hand an Ear of Wheat, with this Inscription, CEREREM. She is frequently described with a Torch in her Hand, from that known Story of her searching after her Daughter, stolen, and carried away by Pluto out of Sicily. Of which CLAUDIAN * De raptu Proserp. , Accingor lustrare diem, per devia rerum Indefessa ferar: nullâ cessabitur horâ. Non requies, non somnus erit, dum pignus ademptum Inveniam, gremio quamuîs mergatur Iberae Tethyos, & rubro jaceat vallata profundo. Non Rheni glacies, non me Ripaea tenebunt Frigora: non dubio Syrtis cunctabitur aestu, etc. Sic fatur, notaeque jugis illabitur Aetnae, Noctivago tedas inflammatura labori. I'll search the day, no hour shall stop me hurled Unwearied through all Crannies of the World; No rest, no sleep, till my dear Pledge be found, Though she lie hidden in th' Iberian Sound, Or the Red-Sea. Riphaean Frosts, nor Rhine, Crusted with Ice, shall hinder my Design: Nor yet the doubtful Syrts with wallowing Tides. This said, to Aetna's Top she makes a flight, Kindling her Torch for business of the Night. So PAUSANIAS' * In Arcadicis. mentions a Statue of Ceres, holding in her right Hand a Torch, with her left Hand laid upon a Statue adjoining, called Despoina. STATIUS † Thebay. lib. xii. , Qualis, ab Aetnaeis accensâ lampade saxis, Orba Ceres magnae variabat imagine flammae Ausonium Siculûmque latus, vestigia nigri Raptoris, vastósque legens in pulvere sulcos. Robbed Ceres so at an Aetnean Stone Kindled her Torch, which blazing she drives on, Reprinting Pluto's steps on either Coast, Ploughing up dusty Clouds in Furrows vast. OVID * Faster. lib. iv. , Illìc accendit geminas pro lampade pinus: Hinc Cereris sacris nunc quoque teda datur. There for a Torch two Pines the Goddess lights: Since, they with Tapers celebrate her Rites. From whence she was called Dea tedifera: Et per tediferae mystica sacra Deae. The like we meet with in the Collection of GRUTER. CERERI AUGUST. MATRI. AGR. L. BENNIUS. PRIMUS MAG. PAGI. BENNIA. PRIMIGENIA MAGISTRA FECER. GERMANICO. CAESARE. II. L. SEIO. TUBERONE. COSS. DIES. SACRIFICI. XIII. K. MAI. On the Westside of the Arch, over the South Postern, the Goddess FLORA, in a various-coloured Habit; in one Hand, Red and White Roses; in the other, Lilies: on her head, a Garland of several Flowers. The Painting over this, a Garden with Walks, Statues, Fountains, Flowers, and Figures of Men and Women walking. The Story of this Goddess FLORA is variously related: we shall only take notice of the account Lactantius * Lib. two. cap. xx. gives of her. FLORA, having gained a great Estate by prostituting her Body, at her Death left the People of Rome her Heir, and allotted such a certain sum of Money; the Yearly use of which should be expended in the Celebration of her Birthday with several Sports called FLORALIA. Which seeming a flagitious thing to the Senate, they took occasion, from the very name of the Sports FLORALIA, to add some Dignity to so shameful a business, to feign a Goddess FLORA, who had the care of Flowers, whom they should Yearly appease for the greater plenty of their Corn, Vines, etc. Her various-coloured Habit, with the reason of it, is mentioned by OVID † Faster. lib. v. , Curio tamen, ùt dantur vestes Cerealibus albae, Sic est haec cultu versicolore decens? An quia maturis albescit messis aristis? Et colour, & species floribus omnis inest? Annuit.— In white at Ceres' Feasts why are they dressed, While Flora wears a particoloured Vest? Is it because Corn looks in Harvest white, Whilst Flowers in various Colours take delight? She was crowned with Flowers, as we find in these following Verses, Annuit: & motis flores cecidêre capillis, Decidere in mensas ût rosa missa solet. She nods: and Flowers fell from her Head, Like Roses on a Table shed. Answerable to the Life of the Author were the Sports on her Festival; lascivious, and celebrated by lascivious Persons. OVID * Ibid. , Quaerere conabar quare lascivia major His foret in ludis, liberiórque jocus, etc. Turba quidem cur hos celebret meretricia ludos. I did inquire why a more wanton way These Sports are granted, and a freer Play: Why Prostitutes should at these Rites attend. Which Cato had no sooner entered, but his Gravity forced him to retire. MARTIAL, Nôsses jocosae dulce cùm sacrum Florae, Festósque lusus, & licentiam vulgi, Cur in Theatrum Cato severe venisti? An ideò tantùm veneras, ut exires? Thou knewest, that Flora's joyful Rites Free Licence had, and all Delights; Why cam'st thou Cato to the Play? Cam'st only thou to go away? Which Story is more copiously related by Valerius Maximus. Onuphrius Panvinius mentions a Coin, in which we have the first, that caused these Sports to be celebrated. C. MEMMIUS FLORALIA PRIMUS FECIT. She had her Flamen, mentioned by Varro † De ling. Lat. . Opposite to this, on the North-side, the Goddess POMONA crowned with a Garland of several Fruits; in her right Hand, a Pruning-Hook; in her left Hand, the Sun: at her Feet, all sorts of Graffing, and Gardening-Tools. OVID * Metam. lib. xiv. Fab. 16. thus describes her at large, Rege sub hoc POMONA fuit: quâ nulla Latinas Inter Hamadryadas coluit solertiùs hortos: Nec fuit arborei studiosior altera foetûs; Vnde tenet nomen. Non sylvas illa, nec amnes, Rus amat, & ramos felicia poma ferentes. Nec jaculo gravis est, sed aduncâ dextera falce: Quâ modò luxuriem premit, & spatiantia passim Brachia compescit: fisso modò cortice, lignum Inserit, & succos alieno praestat alumno. Nec sentire sitim patitur, bibulaeque recurvas Radicis fibras labentibus irrigat undis. POMONA flourished in those times of ease: Of all the Latian Hamadryades, None fruitful Hortyards held in more repute, Or took more care to propagate their Fruit; Thereof so named. Nor Streams, nor shady Groves, But Trees producing generous Burdens loves. Her Hand a Hook, and not an Javelin bare: Now prunes luxurious Twigs, and Boughs, that dare Transcend their Bounds: now slits the Bark, the Bud Inserts, enforced to nurse another's Brood. Nor suffers them to suffer Thirst, but brings To moisture-sucking Roots soft sliding Springs. She had her Flamen too, though the last of the fifteen. SEXTUS POMPEIUS, Maximae dignationis Flamen Dialis est inter XV. Flamines: &, quum caeteri discrimina Majestatis suae habeant, minimi habetur Pomonalis; quòd Pomona levissimo fructui agrorum praesidet. The Flamen of Jupiter is of the greatest Dignity amongst the fifteen Flamens. There is a distinction betwixt all of them, but the meanest is the Flamen of Pomona, because she presides over the meanest Fruit of the Grounds. BOREAS, instead of Feet, two Serpents Tails, his Wings covered with Snow: his Emblem, a rocky Mountainous Country, and the Pleyades rising over it; his Motto, — SCYTHIAM SEPTEMQUE TRIONES HORRIFER INVADIT— That the Ancients described BOREAS with Serpent's Tails, instead of Feet, appears out of PAUSANIAS * In Eliacis. , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. If you compass it on the left Hand, there is Boreas forcibly taking away Orithyia. He hath Serpents Tails instead of Feet. Thus OVID describes him stealing away Orithyia, Haec Boreas, aut his non inferiora locutus, Excussit pennas: quarum jactatibus omnis Afflata est tellus, latumque perhorruit aequor. Pulvereámque trahens per summa cacumina pallam, Verrit humum, pavidámque metu caligine tectus Orithyiam adamans' fulvis complectitur alis. Thus Boreas chafes, or no less storming, shook His horrid Wings; whose airy motion struck The Earth with Blasts, and made the Ocean roar, Trailing his dusty Mantle on the Floor. He hide himself in Clouds of Dust, and caught Beloved Orithyia, with her fear distraught. VIRGIL † Georg. iii. , Qualis Hyperboreis Aquilo cum densus ab oris Incubuit, Scythiaeque hyemes, atque arida differt Nubila.— As when from Hyperborean Mountains fierce Boreas doth Clouds, and Scythian Storms disperse. CLAUDIAN * De raptu Proserp. lib. i. , — ceu turbine rauco Cùm gravis armatur Boreas, glaciéque nivali Hispidus, & Geticâ concretus grandine pennas, Bella cupit, pelagus, sylvas, campósque sonoro Flamine rapturus.— As with a Whirlwind when rough Boreas arms Wings stiff with Ice, and Snow, and Gothick Storms, Desiring War, the Woods, and Deeps profound, And Plains breaks thorough with a dreadful sound. AUSTER, in a dark-coloured Habit, with Wings like Clouds; his Emblem, a Cloudy Sky, and Showers: his Motto, NUBIBUS ASSIDUIS PLUVIAQVE MADESCIT. The Authors of Natural History do attribute a Thunder-Bolt to the south-wind alone. From whence Virgil, describing Vulcan's Shop, His informatum manibus, jam parte politâ Fulmen erat, toto Genitor quae plurima coelo Dejicit in terras: pars imperfecta manebat. Tres imbris torti radios, tres nubis aquosae Addiderant, rutili tres ignis, & alitis Austri. A Thunder-Bolt half finished now in hand, (Many of these by angry Jove are thrown From Heaven to Earth) the rest as yet not done. Three parts of Hail, three of a Wat'ry Cloud, As much of Fire, and three of Wind allowed. Upon which place SERVIUS. Nonnulli manubias Fulminis his Numinibus, Jovi, Junoni, Marti, & Austro vento asserunt attribui, quod ex hoc Maronis loco ostendunt, Of this Wind we have the Picture in Antoninus' Pillar at Rome, remarkable for the History, in which is represented the Rain, that fell in the Tents of the Romans, ready to perish for Drought, and the Thunder, and Lightning, which at the same time destroyed the Enemy: obtained by the Prayers of a Christian Legion, as the Fathers of those times relate it; by others attributed either to the Piety of the Emperor, or the Magic of Arnuphis: of which CLAUDIAN; Laus ibi nulla Ducum; nam flammeus imber in hostem Decidit: hunc dorso trepidum flammante ferebat Ambustus sonipes; hic tabescente solutus Subsedit galeâ, liquefactáque pulvere cuspis Canduit, & subitis fluxêre liquoribus enses. Tunc contenta polo, mortalis nesciateli, Pugna fuit. Chaldaea mago seu carmina ritu Armauêre Deos; seu, quod reor, omne Tonantis Obsequium Marci mores potuêre mereri. The Chiefs no Fame got there; the enemy's force A fiery Shower dispersed: a burning Horse Bore this on's flaming Back; this overturned, His Cask did melt, in Dust his Javelin burned, And melting Swords in smoking Rivers glide. Heaven's Arcenal did for this Fight provide Weapons destroying more than Mortal Arms. Either the Gods were armed by Magic Charms, Or Jove so much to Marcus merits owed, That all this kindness he on him bestowed. It is thus described by DIO, You might see at the same time Rain and Fire fall from Heaven: some were wet, and drank; others were burnt, and died. The Fire touched not the Romans; if it fell among them, it was immediately quenched. The Rain did their Adversaries no good, but rather like Oil increased the flame. They sought for Water, while the Rain fell on them. Some of them wounded themselves, as if they meant to quench the Fire with their Blood; others ran over to the Romans, who alone had the Water could save them; and those Antoninus saved. The same Author, who lived in the time of Commodus, Son to Antoninus, mentions, from a Report in his time, the Magic of Arnuphis, as a cause of it, as it is delivered by Xiphiline, Patriarch of Constantinople: 'Tis reported, that Arnuphis, an Egyptian Magician, then in company of the Emperor Marcus Antoninus, had invoked with his Magic Art, among other Gods, the aerial Mercury, by whose assistance he obtained the Shower. And thus the Story is told by SUIDAS * In 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. . Others mention Julian the Magician. The Christians had a fair Plea for what they pretended, an acknowledgement from the Emperor himself, by Letter to the Senate, had not that Letter, still remaining, upon examination proved counterfeit. The Picture, being rare, we have caused here to be published. scene of Mercury with emperour Marcus Antoninus Baronius mistook it for Jupiter Pluvius, who is never represented with Wings. This Wind is excellently described by OVID † Metam. lib. i. , — madidis Notus evolat alis, Terribilem piceâ tectus caligine vultum; Barba gravis nimbis, canis fluit unda capillis, Front sedent nebulae, rorant pennaeque finúsque. With moist Wings Notus flies in sable Bags His sour Face hid, his Beard with Tempest sages, His Hair sheds Crystal Drops, dark Clouds encamp Upon his Brows, his Wings and Bosom damp. His Thunder-Bolt is mentioned too by Lucretius; Altitonans Volturnus, & Auster ulmine pollens. ZEPHYRUS, like an Adonis with Wings; the Emblem, a Flowery Plain; the Word, — TEPENTIBUS AURIS DEMULCET— So CLAUDIAN describes * De raptu Proserp. lib. two. , — Pater ô gratissime Veris, Qui mea lascivo regnas per prata volatu Semper, & assiduis irroras flatibus annum, etc. — ille novo madidantes nectare pennas Concutit, & glebas foecundo rore maritat, Quáque volat, vernus sequitur colour: omnis in herbas Turget humus, medióque patent convexa sereno. Sanguineo splendore rosas, vaccinia nigro Induit, & dulci violas ferrugine pingit. Blessed Father of the Spring, all Hail, Who rul'st my Meadows with a wanton Gale, And dew'st the Season with a constant breeze, etc. From his moist Wings he richest Nectar sheds, And the hard Glebe with pregnant Moisture weds: Colour the Spring attends, and every where Earth swells with Herbage, heavens high Forehead clear. Roses in Red, Berries in Black he dies, And gives the Violets Purple Liveries. LUCRETIUS calls it the Messenger of Venus: Et ver, & Venus, & Veneris praenuntius antè Pennatus graditur Zephyrus vestigia propter. The Spring, and Venus, warming Zephyre brings Love's gentle Harbinger on painted Wings. PHILOSTRATUS † Imag. represents it thus, A Youth smooth-faced, with Wings on his Shoulders, and on his Head a Garland of several Flowers. The Seat of this Wind was feigned by the Ancients to be in Spain. SENECA * In Hercule O. taeo. , — quae Zephyro Subdita tellus, stupet aurato Flumine clarum radiare Tagum. The Lands, where Zephyre dwells, behold With wonder Tagus shine in Gold. CLAUDIAN † In laudibus Serenae. , Deseritur jam ripa Tagi, Zephyríque relictis Sedibus, Aurorae famulas properatur ad urbes. He Tagus' banks, and Zephyr's Court forsakes, And haste to Conquered Eastern Cities makes. Not so much from the Vernal temperature of the place, as that it was esteemed the remotest place from whence Italy received these Western Gales. The great Figure on the top of all represents PLENTY, crowned, a Branch of Palm in her right Hand, a Cornucopia in her left. The Music aloft on both sides, and on the two Balconies within, were twelve Waits, six Trumpets, and three Drums. At a convenient distance before this Structure, were two Stages erected, divided, planted, and adorned like Gardens, each of them eight Yards in length, five in breadth. Upon that on the North-side sat a Woman representing PLENTY, crowned with a Garland of divers Flowers, clad in a Green Vestment embroidered with Gold, holding a Cornucopia: her Attendants, two Virgins. At His majesty's approach to the Arch, this Person representing PLENTY risen up, and made Address to him in these Words; Great Sir, the Star, which at Your Happy Birth Joyed with his Beams (at Noon) the wondering Earth, Did with auspicious lustre, then, presage The glittering Plenty of this Golden Age; The Clouds blown o'er, which long our joys overcast, And the sad Winter of Your absence past, See! the three smiling Seasons of the Year Agree at once to bid You Welcome here; Her Homage Duteous Flora comes to pay; With Her Enamelled Treasure strews Your Way: Ceres, and Pales, with a bounteous Hand, Diffuse their Plenty over all Your Land; And Bacchus is so lavish of his Store, That Wine flows now, where Water ran before. Thus Seasons, Men, and Gods their Joy express; To see Your Triumph, and our Happiness. His Majesty, having passed the four Triumphal Arches, was, at TEMPLE-Bar, entertained with the View of a delightful Boscage, full of several Beasts, both Tame, and Savage, as also several living Figures, and Music of eight Waits. But this, being the Limit of the city's Liberty, must be so likewise of our Description. A BRIEF NARRATIVE OF HIS MAJESTY'S SOLEMN CORONATION: WITH His Magnificent PROCEEDING, and ROYAL FEAST in WESTMINSTER-HALL. A BRIEF NARRATIVE OF His majesty's Solemn Coronation. UPon the 23d of April, being Saint George's Day, about seven in the Morning, the King took Water from the Privy-Stairs at White-Hall, and landed at the Parliament-Stairs: from whence He went up to the Room behind the Lords-House, called the Prince's Lodgings: where, after He had reposed Himself for a while, He was arrayed in Royal Robes of Crimson Velvet, furred with Ermine: By which time the Nobility, being come together in the Lords-House, and Painted-Chamber, Robed themselves. The Judges also, with those of the Long-Robe, the Knights of the Bath (then in their Robes of Purple Satin, lined with white Taffeta) and Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber, met in the Court of Requests. And, after some space, being drawn down into Westminster-Hall, where this great Solemnity (ordered by the Officers at Arms) begun; the Nobility, in their proper Robes, carrying their Coronets in their Hands, proceeded according to their several Dignities, and Degrees, before His Majesty, up to His Throne of State; which was raised at the West end of that large and noble Room, and there placed themselves upon each side thereof. The King being thus set in a rich Chair, under a glorious Cloth of State, Sir Gilbert Talbot Kt, Master of the Jewel-House, presented the Sword of State, as also the Sword called Curtana, and two other Swords, to the Lord High-Constable; who took and delivered them to the Lord High-Chamberlain, and he laid them upon the Table before the King. Then did he also deliver the Spurs to the Lord High-Constable; and he the same to the Lord High-Chamberlain, who also placed them upon the Table. Immediately after the Dean and prebend's of Westminster, (by whom the Regalia had been brought in Procession from the Abbey-Church unto Westminster-Hall) being vested in rich Copes, came up from the lower end thereof, in manner following. 1 The Sergeant of the Vestry, in a Scarlet Mantle. 2 Then the Children of the King's Chapel, in Scarlet Mantles. 3 Then the Choir of Westminster, in Surplices. 4 Then the Gentlemen of the King's Chapel, in Scarlet Mantles. 5 Next the Pursuivants, Heralds, and Provincial Kings of Arms. 6 Then the Dean, carrying Saint Edward's Crown. And after him five of the prebend's of that Church; the first carrying the Sceptre with the Cross. The second the Sceptre with the Dove. The third the Orb with the Cross. The fourth King Edward's Staff. The fifth the Chalice and Patena. Passing thus through the Hall, and making their due Reverences in three places thereof; the Quires, with the Officers at Arms falling off on each side, towards the upper end of the Room; the said Dean and prebend's ascended the Steps; at the top whereof Garter, Principal King of Arms standing, conducted them to the Table placed before the Throne, where they made their last Reverence. Which being done, the Dean first presented the Crown, which was by the Lord High-Constable, and Lord Great-Chamberlain, set upon the Table; who likewise afterwards received from each of the prebend's that part of the Regalia, which they carried, and laid them also by the Crown: which done, they retired. Then, the Lord Great-Chamberlain presenting the Regalia severally to the King, His Majesty thereupon disposed of them unto the Noblemen hereafter named, to be carried by them in the Proceeding to the Abbey-Church, viz. Saint Edward's Staff to the Earl of Sandwich. The Spurs to the Earl of Penbroke and Montgomery. The Sceptre with the Cross to the Earl of Bedford. The Pointed Sword (born on the left hand of Curtana) to the Earl of Derby. The Pointed Sword (born on the right hand thereof) to the Earl of Shrewsbury. The Sword called Curtana to the Earl of Oxford. The Sword of State to the Earl of Manchester. The Sceptre with the Dove to the Duke of Albemarle. The Orb with the Cross to the Duke of Buckingham. Saint Edward's Crown to the Duke of Ormond. The Patena to the Bishop of Exeter; and lastly, The Chalice to the Bishop of London. All things being thus prepared, (it being about ten a Clock,) the Proceeding began from the Hall into the Palace-Yard, through the Gatehouse, and the end of King's-street; thence along the Great Sanctuary, and so to the West-end of the Abbey-Church, all upon Blue Cloth, which was spread upon the Ground, from the Throne in Westminster-Hall to the great Steps in the same Abbey-Church, by Sir George Carteret Knight, His Majestie's Vice Chamberlain, as Almoner for that Day by special Appointment. The PROCEEDING to the CORONATION was in this following Order. THE Drums four. The Trumpets sixteen, in four Classis. The Six Clerks of the Chancery. Ten of the KING'S Chaplains, having Dignities. The Aldermen of LONDON. The KING'S Learned Council at Law. The KING'S Solicitor. The KING'S Attorney. The KING'S eldest Sergeant at Law. The Esquires of the Body. The Masters of Request. The Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber. The Knights of the Bath, in their Purple Robes. The Barons of the Exchequer, and Justices of both Benches, two and two, in order, according to their Seniority. The Lord Chief-Baron. The Lord Chief-Justice of the Common-Pleas. The Master of the Rolls. The Lord Chief-Justice of the Kings-Bench. The Serjeant-Porter. The Sergeant of the Vestry. The Children of the King's Chapel. The Gentlemen of the King's Chapel. The prebend's of Westminster. The Master of the Jewel-House. The Knights of the Privy-Council. Portcullis, Pursuivant at Arms. The Barons in their Robes, two and two, carrying their Caps of Crimson Velvet, turned up with Miniver, in their Hands. The Bishops, two and two, according to their Dignities, and Consecrations. Rouge-Croix, Blew-Mantle, Pursuivants. The Viscounts, two and two, in their Robes, with their Coronets in their Hands. Somerset, Chester, Heralds. The Earls, two and two, in their Robes, holding their Coronets in their Hands. Richmond, Windsor, Heralds. The Marquis of Dorchester, The Marquis of Worcester, in their Robes, with their Coronets in their Hands. Lancaster, York, Herald's. Norroy, Clarencieux, Provincial Kings, carrying their Crowns in their Hands. The Lord High-Treasurer, The The Lord High Chancellor. Saint Edward's Staff, born by the Earl of Sandwich, The Spurs, born by the Earl of Penbroke, and Montgomery, Saint Edward's Sceptre, born by the Earl of Bedford. The third Sword, drawn, and born by the Earl of Derby. The Sword called Curtana, drawn, and born by the Earl of Oxford. The Pointed Sword, drawn, and born by the Earl of Shrewsbury. The Lord Mayor of London Garter, Principal King of Arms. The Gentleman-usher of the Black-Rod. Sergeants at Arms. The Earl of Lindsey, Lord Great-Chamberlain of ENGLAND. Sergeants at Arms. The Earl of Suffolk, Earl Marshal for this present occasion. The Sword of State in the Scabbard, born by the Earl of Manchester, Lord Chamberlain of the Household. The Earl of Northumberland, Lord Constable of England for this present occasion. His Highness the Duke of YORK. The Sceptre, with the Dove, born by the Duke of Albemarle. St. Edward's Crown, born by the Duke of Ormond, Lord High-Steward for this present occasion. The Orb, born by the Duke of Buckingham. The Patena, born by the Bishop of Exeter in his Cope. The Regale, or Chalice, born by the Bishop of London in his Cope. The Pensioners with their Pole-Axes. Barons of the Cinque-Ports, (their whole Number XVI. habited in Doublets of Crimson Satin, Scarlet Hose, Scarlet Gowns, lined with Crimson Satin, black Velvet Caps, and black Velvet Shoe, carrying the Canopy. The KING supported by the Bishops of Bath and Wells, and Duresme. His Train born by the Lord's Mandevil, Cavendish, Ossory, and Percy; and assisted by the Lord Mansfield, Master of the Robes. The Earl of Lauderdale, one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber. Mr. Seamour, Mr. Ashburnham, both Grooms of the Bedchamber. The Captain of the Guard. The Captain of the Pensioners. The Yeomen of Guard, in their Coats. Barons of the Cinque-Ports, (their whole Number XVI.) habited in Doublets of Crimson Satin, Scarlet-Hose, Scarlet Gowns, lined with Crimson Satin, black Velvet Caps, and black Velvet Shoe, carrying the Canopy. The Pensioners with their Pole-Axes. When the Proceeding was entered the Abbey-Church, all, passing through the Choir, went up the Stairs toward the great Theatre; and, as they came to the top thereof, were disposed by the Heralds into two Galleries, built on either side the upper end of the Quire. On the North-side, the Aldermen of London, the Judges, and others of the Long-Robe; as also the Choir of Westminster, with the Gentlemen and Children of the King's Chapel; and, on the South side, the Knights of the Bath, and Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber. Near the Pulpit stood the Master of the Jewel-House, and the Lord Mayor of London. The Nobility were seated on Forms round about the inside of the Theatre: on the corner whereof, nearest to the Altar, adjoining to the two uppermost Pillars, stood the Provincial Kings, Herald's, and Pursuivants at Arms, within Rails there placed. Within the Rails, on either side the entrance of the Theatre from the Choir, stood the Sergeants at Arms (XVI. in number) with their Maces. And over the Door, at the West-end of the Choir, stood the Drums and Trumpets. The King, being entered the West-door of the Church (within which a Fald-stool, and Cushions were laid ready for him to kneel at) was received with an Anthem, begun by the whole Choir, viz. The first, fourth, fifth, and sixth Verses of the 122d Psalm: beginning thus; I was glad when they said unto me, We will go into the House of the Lord, etc. He kneeled down, and used some short Ejaculations; which being finished, He thence proceeded up to the Theatre (erected close to the four high Pillars, standing between the Choir and the Altar) upon which the Throne of Estate was placed (being a Square raised five Degrees) on the East-side whereof were set a Chair, Footstool, and Cushion, covered with Cloth of Gold, whereon for a while He reposed Himself. Immediately after, the Bishop of London (who was appointed to Officiate, in part, that Day, for the Archbishop of Canterbury, whose age and weakness rendered him uncapable of performing his whole Duty at this Coronation) having the Lord High Constable, the Earl Marshal, the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Chancellor, and Lord Chamberlain of the Household before him, went first to the South, next to the West, and lastly, to the North side of the Theatre; and at every of the said three sides, acquainted the People, that he presented to them King CHARLES, the rightful Inheritor of the Crown of this Realm; and asked them, if they were willing to do their Homage, Service, and Bounden Duty to Him. As this was doing, the King risen up, and stood by the aforesaid Chair, turning His Face still to that side of the Stage, where the said Bishop stood, when he spoke to the People; who signified their willingness, by loud Shouts, and Acclamations. The same Question was likewise put by the said Bishop to all the Nobility present. Immediately after, this following Anthem was sung by the Gentlemen of the King's Chapel: Let thy Hand be strengthened, and thy right Hand be exalted, etc. In which time, a large Carpet was spread by certain Officers of the removing Wardrobe, from the Altar, down below the hault-Paces thereof; and over that a silk Carpet, and Cushion, laid by the Gentleman-usher of the Black-Rod, assisted by the Yeoman of the wardrobe. Which being done, the Bishop of London went down from the Theatre towards the Altar; and, having made his Reverence, placed himself at the North-side thereof. Then the King descended from His Throne, and proceeded towards the Altar, supported by the Bishops of Duresme, and Bath and Wells, with the four Swords; the grand Officers, the Noblemen, Bishops, who carried the Regalia before Him, and Dean of Westminster also attending. Being come to the Steps of the Altar, He kneeled down, and first offered a Pall of Cloth of Gold; next an Ingot of Gold of a pound weight, prepared by the Master of the great Wardrobe, and Treasurer of the Household, by virtue of their Offices. Immediately after, His Majesty retired to a Chair of State, set on the Southside of the Altar, a little below the Traverse of Crimson Taffeta. After this, the Bishops, and Noblemen, who carried the Regalia, presented every particular to the Bishop of London, who placed them upon the Altar; and then retired to their Seats. And the King kneeled at a Fald-stool (set on the right side of his said Chair of State) whilst the Bishop of London said the Prayer, beginning thus, O God, which dost visit those, that are humble, etc. Which Prayer ended, the Bishop of Worcester went up into the Pulpit, placed on the North-side of the Altar, opposite to the King, and began his SERMON; the Text being taken out of the 28th Chapter of the Proverbs, and the second Verse. On the King's right Hand stood the Bishop of Duresme, and beyond him the Noblemen, that carried the SWORDS, who held them naked, and erect. The Duke of YORK sat a little behind Him on His left Hand; next to whom stood the Bishop of Bath and Wells, together with the Lord Great-Chamberlain. The Lord High-chancellor, and Lord High-Treasurer, sat on a Form behind the Duke of YORK; and behind them, in a Gallery, sat the Duchess of YORK. In the same Gallery also were placed Baron Bateville, Ordinary Ambassador from Spain. Prince Maurice of Nassau, Extra-ordinary Ambassador from the elector of Brandenburg. Monsieur Weyman, the Electour's Chancellor, who was joined in Commission with him. The Count Coningsmark, Envoy from Sweden. Monsieur Friesendorf, Resident of Sweden. Monsieur Petcom, Resident of Denmark. Monsieur Plessis Bellieure, Envoy from Monsieur the Duke of Orleans. Signieur Giavarina, Resident of Venice. Signieur Bernardi, Resident of Genoa. Monsieur La-Motte, and Monsieur Frays, Envoys from the Prince elector. Monsieur Gormers, Deputy Extra-ordinary from Hamburgh. An Envoy from the Cardinal of Hess. The Marquis de Montbrun, with several other Gentlemen-strangers. But Don Francisco de melo, the Ambassador of Portugal, was placed in the Lord Chamberlain's Box. On the North-side of the Altar sat the Bishop of London, directly opposite to the King in the Arch Bishop's Chair, covered with Purple Velvet: the rest of the Bishops being placed on Forms behind him. And higher, towards Saint Edward's Chapel, stood Garter, Principal King of Arms, with the Officers of the standing and moving Wardrobe, in Scarlet Gowns; the Sergeant of the Vestry with his gilt Verge, and other Vergers: as also some of the Grooms and Pages of the Bedchamber, who attended to do service, as occasion required. Opposite to them, on the Southside of the Altar, stood the Dean and prebend's of Westminster. Saint Edward's ancient Chair (covered all over with Cloth of Gold) was placed upon the North-side of the Altar, a little lower than that belonging to the Archbishop, but something nearer the middle of the Isle, and between the King's Chair of State, and the Pulpit. SERMON being ended, the Bishop of London arising from his Seat, drew near to the Chair of State, and asked of the King (who then uncovered His Head) whether He was willing to take the usual Oath of His Progenitors, viz. to confirm the Laws to the People, and namely the Franchises granted to the Clergy by Saint Edward the Confessor; to maintain the Gospel established in the Kingdom; to keep Peace; execute Justice, and grant the Commons their rightful Customs: unto every of which Questions His Majesty made particular Answers, That He would. Then likewise did the Bishop of Rochester read the Bishop's Petition to the King; the Prayer whereof was, That He would preserve unto them, and the Churches committed to their charge, all Canonical Privileges; due Law, and Justice; as also protect, and defend them, and the Churches, under their Government: which His Majesty most graciously by a large Answer (which repeated the words of the Petition) granted, and promised to perform. Afterwards the King, assisted by the Bishops of Duresme, and Bath and Wells, was led from His Chair up to the Altar (the Sword of State being born before Him, and the Lord Great Chamberlain attending) where He took an Oath to perform, and keep what He had promised. Which Oath taken, the King was led, in like manner, back to His Chair of State; and immediately the Bishop of London begun the Hymn, Come Holy Ghost, eternal God, etc. the Quires singing the rest of it. And a little before the ending thereof, the Fald-stool was set again at the King's right Hand; whereat (as soon as the Hymn was finished) He kneeled) the Bishop of London standing before Him, and saying the following Prayer, We beseech thee, O Lord, Holy Father, Almighty, and everlasting God, for this thy Servant CHARLES, etc. This Prayer ended, the Bishop of London went to the North-side of the Altar, the King still kneeling; and forthwith the Bishops of Peterborough, and Gloucester, went, and kneeled on the upper hault-pace of the Altar, where they began the Litany, the Quires singing the Responses; the Dean of Westminster, kneeling all the while on the King's left Hand. coronation scene The third Prayer being ended, the said Archbishop standing before the Altar, began the Versicle, Lift up your Hearts. Resp. We lift them up to the Lord. Archbishop. Let us give thanks unto the Lord our God. Resp. It is meet and right so to do. Archbishop. It is very meet, and right, and our bounden Duty, that we should at all times, and in all places, give thanks unto thee, O Lord, Holy Father, etc. Then the King arose from before the Fald stool, and went to the Altar, supported by the aforesaid Bishops of Duresme, and Bath and Wells: where He was disrobed by the Lord Great-Chamberlain of His Royal Robes, which were immediately carried thence into the Traverse erected in Saint Edward's Chapel. Whilst this was in doing, the Chair, that was before placed at the entrance of the Theatre was removed, and set on the North-side of the Altar, betwixt it, and Saint Edward's Chair: whereunto the King being come, sat down, and was anointed by the said Archbishop, (the Dean of Westminster holding the Ampulla, and pouring the Oil out into the Spoon) first on the Palms of both His Hands, the Archbishop, as he anointed Him, pronouncing the Prayer, which beginneth thus; Let these Hands be anointed with Holy Oil, as Kings and Prophets have been anointed, etc. After which, the Choir sung this Anthem, Sadoc the Priest, and Nathan the Prophet anointed Solomon King, and all the People rejoiced, and said, God save the KING. At the end of which Anthem, the Archbishop said the Prayer, beginning thus; Look down, Almighty God, with thy favourable Countenance upon this Glorious KING, etc. And then proceeded with His anointing on the King's Breast, between His Shoulders, on both His Shoulders; the two bowings of His Arms, and on the Crown of His Head, in manner aforesaid. Which being done, and the Anointing dried up with fine Linen; and also the Loops of His Shirt closed up by the Dean of Westminster, the Archbishop said the two Prayers, beginning thus; 1 God, the Son of God, Christ Jesus our Lord, who is anointed of his Father with the Oil of Gladness above his Fellows, etc. 2 God, which art the Glory of the Righteous, and the Mercy of Sinners, etc. During the time of this His Unction, a rich Pall of Cloth of Gold, was held over the King's Head by the Dukes of Buckingham, and Albemarle; and the Earls of Berks and Sandwich, as Knights of the most Noble Order of the Garter. After these Prayers, the Lord Great-Chamberlain delivered the Coif to the Archbishop, who put it on the King's Head: and immediately after, the Dean of Westminster put the Colobium Sindonis, or Surplice upon the King; the Archbishop saying the Prayer, beginning thus; O God, the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, by whom Kings do reign, and Lawgivers do make good Laws, vouchsafe, we beseech thee, in thy favour, to bless this Kingly Ornament, etc. Then the Dean of Westminster, having likewise fetched the Tishue-Hose and Sandals from the Altar, arrayed the King therewith; as also with the Super-tunica, or close Pall of Cloth of Gold, and girded the same about Him. After all this, the said Dean took the Spurs from off the Altar, and delivered them to the Lord Great-Chamberlain, who, having touched the King's Heels therewith, forthwith sent them back to the Altar. Then the Archbishop received the Sword of State in the Scabbard from the Lord-Chamberlain of the Household, and laid it upon the Altar, saying the Prayer, beginning thus, Hear our Prayers, we beseech thee, O Lord, and vouchsafe, by thy right Hand of Majesty, to bless, and sanctify this SWORD, etc. This Prayer finished, the Archbishop, and Bishops assisting, delivered the Sword back to the King, saying, Accipe gladium per manus Episcoporum. Whereupon, the Lord Great-Chamberlain girt it about the King, and the Archbishop said, Receive this Kingly Sword, which is hallowed for the defence of the Holy Church, etc. After this, the Dean of Westminster took the * Armillae sunt in modum Stolae, & ab utraque scapula usque ad Compages Brachiorum erunt dependentes, in ipsis Compagibus laqueis sericeis connexae. Armil, made of Cloth of Tishue, and put it about the King's Neck, tying it to the bowings of His Arms; the Archbishop standing before the King, with the Bishop of London on His right Hand, and saying, Receive the Armil of Sincerity, and Wisdom, etc. Next the Mantle, or open Pall, being made of Cloth of Gold, and lined with red Taffeta, was put upon Him by the said Dean; the Archbishop likewise using the words of Signification, viz. Receive this Pall, etc. In the next place, the Archbishop took Saint EDWARD'S Crown, and blessed it, saying, God, the Crown of the Faithful, etc. In the mean time, Saint EDWARD'S Chair was removed into the middle of the Isle, and set right over against the Altar, whither the King went, and sat down in it: and then the Arch Bishop brought Saint EDWARD'S Crown from the Altar, and put it upon His Head. Whereupon, all the People, with loud and repeated shouts, cried, God save the KING; and, by a Signal then given, the great Ordinance from the Tower were also shot off. At the ceasing of these Acclamations, the Archbishop went on, saying, God crown Thee with a Crown of Glory, and Righteousness, etc. Adding thereunto the Prayer, beginning thus; O God of Eternity, etc. Bless this thy Servant, who * At which words the King bowed His Head. boweth His Head unto thy Majesty, etc. After which Prayer, the Archbishop read the Confortare, Be strong, and of a good Courage, and observe the Commandments of the Lord, to walk in his ways, etc. In the mean while, the Quires sung this Anthem, The King shall rejoice in thy strength, O Lord. Exceeding glad shall He be of thy Salvation, etc. Upon this, the Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, and Viscounts put on their Coronets; the Barons their Caps: And Mr. Garter, and the Provincial Kings put on their Coronets. Then the Master of the Jewel-House delivered to the Archbishop the Ring, who consecrated it, saying, Bless, O Lord, and sanctify this Ring, etc. After which, he put it upon the fourth Finger of the King's right Hand, and said, Receive this Ring of Kingly Dignity, and by it the Seal of Catholic Faith, etc. And then used the Prayer, beginning thus; O God, to whom belongeth all Power, and Dignity, give unto thy Servant CHARLES the Fruit of His Dignity, etc. Which Prayer being finished, the Linen Gloves were delivered to the KING by the Lord Great-Chamberlain. Then the KING went to the Altar, ungirt His Sword, and offered it: which, being redeemed by the Lord-Chamberlain of the Household, was drawn out of the Scabbard, and carried naked by him all the following part of the Solemnity. Then the Archbishop took the Sceptre, with the Cross, from off the Altar, and delivered it into the KING'S right Hand, saying, Receive this Sceptre, the Sign of Kingly Power, the Rod of Kingdoms, the Rod of Virtue, etc. Whilst this was pronouncing by the Archbishop, Mr. Henry Howard (Brother to Thomas Duke of Norfolk) delivered, by virtue of his Tenure of the Manor of Wirksop, in the County of Norfolk, to the King a rich Glove for His right Hand; which having put on, He then received the Sceptre. And after that the Archbishop said the Prayer, beginning thus, O Lord, the Fountain of all good things, etc. Grant, we beseech thee, to this thy Servant CHARLES, that He may order aright the Dignity, which He hath obtained, etc. During which time, the said Mr. Howard performed the Service, ratione tenurae dicti Manerii de Wirksop, of supporting the King's right Arm. Next of all, the Archbishop took the Sceptre with the Dove, and gave it into the King's Hand also, saying, Receive the Rod of Virtue, and Equity, learn to make much of the Godly, and to terrify the Wicked, etc. After which, the King kneeled, holding both the Sceptres in His Hands, whilst the Archbishop thus blessed Him, The Lord bless Thee, and keep Thee; and as He hath made Thee King over his People, so he still prosper Thee in this World, and make Thee partaker of his Eternal Felicity in the World to come. Amen. Then the KING arose, and set Himself again in Saint Edward's Chair, whilst the Archbishop and Bishops present, one after another, kneeled before Him, and were kissed by Him. Which done, the KING returned to that Chair, placed on the Theatre behind His Throne, having then also the four Swords born naked before Him, (the Arch-Bishops, Bishops, and Great Officers attending) at whose arrival there, the Archbishop said this Prayer, Grant, O Lord, that the Clergy and People, gathered together by thine Ordinance for this service of the KING, etc. Then the King reposed Himself in the said Chair, whilst both the Quires sung Te Deum. When Te Deum was ended, the King ascended His Throne placed in the midst of the Theatre (the Swords, and Great Officers standing on either side; as also the Bishops) the Archbishop then saying, Stand, and hold fast from henceforth that Place, whereof hitherto You have been Heir by the Succession of Your Forefathers, etc. After this, the Bishops, and Nobility did their Homage to the King in manner following. And first the Archbishop of Canterbury kneeled down before the King's Knees, and said, I, WILLIAM Archbishop of CANTERBURY, shall be Faithful, and True, and Faith, and Truth bear unto You, Our Sovereign Lord, and Your Heirs, Kings of ENGLAND, and shall do, and truly acknowledge the Service of the Land, which I claim to hold of You, in right of the Church: So help me God. Which said, he kissed the King's left Cheek. The like did all the other Bishops, that were present. Then came up the Duke of YORK, with Garter, Principal King of Arms, before Him, and His Train born by two Gentlemen, who, being arrived at the Throne, kneeled down before the King, put off His Coronet, and did His Homage in these words; I, JAMES Duke of YORK, become Your Liegeman, of Life and Limb, and of Earthly Worship: and Faith and Truth I shall bear unto You, to live and die against all manner of Folk: So God me help. At which the Drums beat, Trumpets sounded, and all the People shouted. The like did the Dukes of Buckingham, and Albemarle, for themselves, and the rest of the Dukes. So also did the Marquesses of Worcester, and Dorchester. Next, the Earl of Oxford did Homage after the same manner for himself, and the rest of the Earls, who attended upon him to signify their Consents. After him, Viscount Hereford did the like for himself, and the rest of the Viscounts; and then the Drums beat, and Trumpets sounded again, and the People shouted. Lastly, the Baron Audley in like manner did Homage for himself, and all the Baronage, who also accompanied him to the Throne, in testification of their Consents; which being finished, Drums, Trumpets, and Shouts followed. Afterwards the Duke of YORK, and all the Nobility singly ascended the Throne, and touched the King's Crown, promising by that Ceremony to be ever ready to support it with all their power. During the performing of this Solemn Ceremony, the Lord High-chancellor went to the South, West, and North-sides of the Stage, and proclaimed to the People the King's General Pardon, being attended by Mr. Garter to the Southside, and by a Gentle-man-Vsher, and two Heralds to the other two Sides. coin obverse CAROLUS-II-DG ANG-SCO-FR-ET-HI-REX coin reverse VEV●E●O-MISSVS. SVCCV●●●EE. SECLO-XXIII. APR. 1661. The King being thus enthronised, the Gentlemen of His Chapel began this following Anthem, Behold, O Lord, our Defender, and look upon the Face of thine Anointed. At the ending of which Anthem, the Trumpets sounded, and Drums beat again. In which time the Bishop of London went up to the High- Altar, and began the Communion; and immediately the King took off His Crown, and delivered it to the Lord High-Chamberlain to hold; the Sceptre with the Cross to Mr. Henry Howard, and that with the Dove to the Duke of Albemarle. The EPISTLE (taken out of the First Epistle of St. Peter, the second Chapter, and beginning at the eleventh Verse) was read by the Bishop of Chichester. The GOSPEL (being part of the twenty second Chapter of St. Matthew, beginning at the fifteenth Verse) by the Bishop of Ely. After which, the Nicene Creed was begun by the Bishop of London, and sung by the Gentlemen of the Chapel. All which time the King stood by His Throne. But towards the end of the Creed He took again His Crown from the Lord Great-Chamberlain, and put it on His Head; as also the Sceptre with the Cross from Mr. Howard, and that with the Dove from the Duke of Albemarle, and prepared for His Descent from His Throne towards the Altar, to receive the Communion. And, as soon as singing of the Creed was fully ended, the King descended with the Crown on His Head, and Sceptres in both Hands, (the Bishops of Duresm, and Bath and Wells, supporting Him) with the four Swords naked before, all the great Officers attending. In the time of which Proceeding the Choir sung, Let my Prayer come up into thy presence, as the Incense, and the lifting up of my Hand be as an Evening-Sacrifice. Here the Archbishop of Canterbury retired from the Ceremonies into Saint Edward's Chapel, and thence went home, leaving the remainder of his Duty to be performed by the Bishop of London. At the King's approach to the Altar, the Bishop of Ely delivered unto Him Bread, and Wine, which He there offered, and then returned to the Fald stool, on the South side of the Altar, near His Chair of State; before which He kneeled down, and laid His Crown upon the Cushion before Him, towards His right Hand; and the Sceptre with the Dove, on His left; and gave again to Mr. Howard the Sceptre with the Cross, who held it, kneeling on the King's right Hand: the Grand Officers, and the Noblemen, with the four Swords naked, and erect, standing about Him. Then the Bishop of London said this Prayer, Bless, O Lord, we beseech thee, these thy Gifts, and sanctify them unto this holy Use, etc. At the end of which, the Lord Cornwallis, Treasurer of the Household, delivered another Wedg of Gold (which goeth under the name of the Mark of Gold) to the Lord Great-Chamberlain, who presenting it to the King, He offered it into the Basin, kneeling still at His Fald-stool, whilst the Bishop of London said the following Prayer, beginning thus; Almighty God, give Thee the Dew of Heaven, and the Fatness of the Earth, and abundance of Corn, and Wine, etc. And next pronounced this Blessing, Bless, O Lord, the virtuous carriage of this KING, and accept the Work of His Hands, etc. Then the Bishop proceeded to the Consecration of the Sacrament: which being finished, he first of all received; next, the Dean of Westminster; then, the Bishop of Bath and Wells; and lastly, the Bishop of Duresm. These four Prelates having communicated, and Preparation made for the King's Receiving (who kneeled all this while before the Fald-stool) the Bishop of London gave the King the Bread, and the Dean of Westminster the Cup. As soon as the King had received, this Anthem was begun by the upper Quire. O harken unto the voice of my Calling, my King, and my God, etc. In the mean while, the King returned to His Throne upon the Theatre, with the Crown on His Head, and bearing the Sceptres in His Hands. When He came thither, He first put off His Crown, and delivered it to the Lord Great-Chamberlain: then the Sceptre with the Cross to Mr. Howard; and that other with the Dove to the Duke of Albemarle. After this the Bishop of London went on with the Communion; which being finished, the King (attended as before) descended from His Throne crowned, with both the Sceptres in His Hand, (the rest of the Regalia being carried before Him; and thence proceeded into Saint Edward's Chapel, where He took off Saint Edward's Crown, and delivered it to the Bishop of London; who immediately laid it upon Saint Edward's Altar, all the rest of the Regalia being given into the hands of the Dean of Westminster, and laid there also. Then He retired into a Traverse, where He was disrobed of the Robes He was crowned in, which were delivered to the Dean of Westminster to lay up with the rest of Regalia) and invested with His Royal Robes of Purple Velvet, He came near to Saint Edward's Altar, where the Bishop of London standing ready with the Imperial Crown in his hands, set that upon His Head. All which being performed, He took the Sceptre with the Cross in His right Hand, and the Globe in His left; and proceeded to Westminster-Hall, the same way that He came; and attended after the same manner, saving that the Noblemen, and Bishops, who brought the Regalia to the Abbey Church, went not now immediately before Him, as they did then, but were ranked in places according to their Degrees: all the Noblemen having their Coronets, and Caps on their Heads; and the Kings of Arms their Coronets. The Proceeding being entered into Westminster-Hall, the Nobility, and others, who had Tables assigned them, went, and placed themselves thereat; but the King, (attended with the Great Officers) withdrew into the Inner-Court of Wards, for half an hour. In the mean time, all the Tables in the Body of the Hall were served; viz. before the King's Service came up, and were placed in this manner. On the right hand (viz. the Southeast side of the Hall) were set two Tables, one beneath the other: at the upper end of the first (which had two Side-Tables to serve it) sat the Bishops; and below them the Judges, with the rest of the Long-Robe. At the second Table (which had two Side-board Tables likewise to serve it) sat the Masters of the Chancery and the Six Clerks. At which likewise the Barons of the Cinque-Ports were then necessitated to sit (by reason of a Disturbance which some of the King's Footmen made in offering to take the Canopy from them) although the upper end of the first Table was appointed for them. On the other side of the Hall was placed likewise a long Table, which reached down near to the Common-Pleas-Court, whereat the Nobility dined. And behind this, close to the Wall, at a shorter Table, sat the Lord Maior, Aldermen, Recorder, and twelve chief Citizens of London. Lastly, within the Court of Common-Pleas was a Table set for the Officers at Arms, whereat they also dined. Each Table being furnished with three Courses answerable to that of the King's, besides the Banquet. At the upper end of the Hall (where, upon an ascent of Steps, a Theatre was raised for His Majestie's Royal Seat at this great Solemnity) a large Table being placed, the Sergeant of the Ewery, two Sergeants at Arms with their Maces going before him, bringing up the Covering, was spread by the Gentleman-ushers, and Sergeant of the Ewery. This being done, the Officers of the Pantry, with two Sergeants at Arms also before them, brought up the Salt of State, and Caddinet. A little before the King returned to Dinner, two Esquires of the Body, took their Seats upon two little Foot-stools, on either side of the Foot of the King's Chair, (placed opposite to the middle of the Table) and there sat until the King came in to Dinner; when rising, and performing their Duty in placing the King's Robes for His better conveniency of sitting, they sat down again at the King's Feet some part of Diner-time, until the King gave them leave to rise. On the right Side of the Throne was erected a Gallery for the Officers at Arms. And opposite to that, on the other side, another for the Music: and below, on the old Scaffolds, next the Court of Common Pleas, stood the King's Trumpeters. The Proceeding at carrying up of the First Course to the KING'S TABLE. The two Clerks Comptrollers, The two Clerks of the Green Cloth, And the Cofferer of His Majestie's Household. All in Black Velvet Gowns, trimmed with Black Silk, and Gold Lace, with Velvet Caps raised in the Head. Six Sergeants at Arms, two and two. The Earl-Marshal on the left Hand. The Lord-High-Steward. The Lord High-Constable on the right Hand. All three mounted on Horseback in their Robes, and with their Coronets on their Heads; having their Horses richly trapped. Six Sergeants at Arms, two and two. The controller of the Household, The Treasurer of the Household, with their White Staves. Earl of Dorset, Sewer. Earl of Chesterfield, his Assistant. The Knights of the Bath, carrying up the Service, two and two to a Dish, which was set upon the Table by the Earl of Lincoln Carver, assisted by the Earl-Sewers. In the Rear came up the three Clerks of His majesty's Kitchen, all suited in Black, Fugared, Satin Gowns, and Velvet Caps, in fashion like those worn by the Clerks Comptrollers. Dinner being set on the Table, the King came forth from the Inner-Court of Wards, in His Royal Robes, with the Crown on His Head, and Sceptre in His Hand, having the three Swords born naked before Him, and having washed, sat down to Dinner, the Bishop of London saying Grace. On the King's right Hand, the Noblemen, that carried the three Swords, stood, holding them naked, and erected, all the Diner-while; at His left Hand stood the Lord High-Chamberlain, to whom the King had given the Sceptre to hold. And at the Table's end, on the King's left Hand, sat the Duke of YORK, in his Robes, and Coronet. Soon after Dinner was begun, the Lord Allington, by virtue of his tenure of the Manor of Wymundeley, in the County of Hertford, served the King of His first Cup (which was of Silver Gilt) and after the King had drank, he had the Cup for his Fee. Next, Thomas Leigh Esquire was brought up to the Table with a Mess of Pottage, called Dillegrout, by reason of his tenure of the Manor of Addington, in the County of Surrey. Afterwards, a little before the second Course was ready, Sir Edward Dymock Knight (being the King's Champion, as being seized of the Manor of Scrivelsby, in the County of Lincoln) entered the Hall on a goodly White Coursier, armed at all Points: and there having made a stand for some time, advanced in manner following; First, Two Trumpets. Then the Serjeant-Trumpeter with his Mace. After him two Sergeants at Arms, with their Maces. Then one Esquire carrying his Target, having his Arms depicted thereon; and Another Esquire carrying the Champion's Lance upright. After them YORK-Herald at Arms. The Earl-Marshal on his left Hand. The Champion. The Lord High-Constable on his right Hand. Both likewise on Horseback. Being come on some few steps, he made a stand: whereupon the said Herald proclaimed his Challenge in these following words; IF any Person of what degree soever, high or low, shall deny, or gainsay Our Sovereign Lord King CHARLES the Second, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Son and next Heir to Our Sovereign Lord CHARLES the First, the last King deceased, to be right Heir to the Imperial Crown of this Realm of England; or that He ought not to enjoy the same: here is His Champion, who saith, that he lieth, and is a false Traitor, being ready in person to Combat with him, and in this Quarrel will adventure his Life against him, on what day soever he shall be appointed. Whereupon the Champion threw down his Gauntlet, which lying some small time, and no body taking it up, it was delivered unto him again by the same Herald. Then he advanced further forward, until he came to the middle of the Hall; where the Herald having reiterated the same Proclamation, the Gauntlet was again thrown down, taken up, and returned unto him. And lastly, advancing to the Foot of the Steps to the Throne of State, the said Herald again proclaimed the same Challenge, whereupon the Champion threw down his Gauntlet again, which no body taking up, it was delivered unto him. This being done, the Earl of Penbroke and Montgomery (assisted, as before) presented on the Knee to the King a Gilt Cup with a Cover, full of Wine, who drank to the Champion; and, by the said Earl sent him the Cup, which having received, he, after three Reverences, drank it all off, went a little backward, and so departed out of the Hall, taking the said Cup for his Fee. All which being performed, Garter Principal King of Arms, with the two Provincial Kings of Arms, having their Coronets on their Heads; and likewise all the Heralds, and Pursuivants at Arms, came down from the Gallery, and went to the lower end of the Tables, where they made their first obeisance to His Majesty. Then advancing up into the midst of the Hall, they did the like, and afterwards at the Foot of the Steps towards His Majestie's Throne, where Garter being ascended, proclaimed His Majestie's Style in Latin, French, and English, according to ancient usage, crying Largess thrice. Which done, they all retired backward into the midst of the Hall; and there, after crying Largess again thrice, he proclaimed the King's Style as before. And lastly, they went yet backwards to the end of the said Nobleman's Table, and did the same again; and from thence into the Common-Pleas-Court, to Dinner. Immediately after this, the second Course was brought up by the Gentlemen-Pensioners, with the former Solemnity; the last Dish being carried up by Erasmus Smith Esquire, who then presented the King with three Maple Cups, on the behalf of Robert Barnham Esq in respect of his tenure of the Manor of Nether-Bilsington in the County of Kent, by performance of that service on the Day of the King's Coronation. Lastly, the Lord Mayor of London then presented the King with Wine in a Golden Cup, having a Cover; of which the King having drank, the said Lord Maior received it for his Fee. By this time the day being far spent, the King (having Water brought Him by the Earl of Penbroke, and his Assistants) washed, and risen from Dinner before the third Course was brought in; and, retiring into the Inner-Court of Wards, He there disrobed Himself: and from thence went privately to His Barge, which waited for Him at the Parliament-Stairs, and so to the Privy-Stairs at White-Hall, where He landed. It is a thing very memorable, that, towards the end of Diner-time (although all the former part of the day, and also the preceding day, in which the King made His Cavalcade through London, were the only fair days, that we enjoyed of many both before, and after) it began to Thunder and Lighten very smartly: which, however some sort of People were apt to interpret as ominous, and illboding, yet it will be no difficult matter to evidence from Antiquity, that Accidents of this nature, though happily they might astonish, and amaze the common Drove of men, were by the most Prudent, and Sagacious, looked upon as a prosperous, and happy presage. And of this Virgil gives us a very pertinent Example (in the eighth Book of his Aeneids) where Evander having addressed himself in a Speech to Aeneas for aid against the Etrurians, and He being solicitous how to answer his request, mark what Sign was immediately sent from Heaven. Námque improvisò vibratus ab Aethere fulgor Cum sonitu venit, etc. For suddenly from Heaven a brandished Flash With Thunder came, etc. And presently after the Poet adds, Obstupuêre animis alii, sed Troius Heros Agnovit sonitum, & Divae promissa Parentis. While others stood amazed, the Hero knew His Mother's Promise by the Sound that flew. The same Author, in another place * Lib. 2. , mentions the same thing as a Testimony of Prayers heard, and answered; as when Old Anchises, seeing the lambent Flame upon his Grandchild julus his Head, lifted up his Hands to Heaven, and prayed to Jove for help, and direction, he was thus answered, Vix ea fatus erat Senior, subitóque fragore Intonuit lavum, &c, Scarce had the grave Sire spoke, when suddenly It thundered prosperous, etc. For so Intonuit laevum is interpreted by Servius, according to the Maxim of the Ancient Augurs, who interpret Thunder from the North, that is (as they, contrary to the common Astronomers, accounted if) the left part of Heaven, for a prosperous Omen. But, in reference to our present Purpose, we may proceed to a larger Interpretation, and conclude, that the Heavens, with Volleys of Thunder, and nimble Flashes of Lightning, seemed to give a Plaudite, and Acclamation, to this Grand and Sacred Solemnity; in like manner as we Mortals use to close our greater Triumphs with Fireworks, Bonfires, and the loud Report of our great Ordnance: this Terrestrial Thunder being but the Imitator, and Counterfeit of the Heavenly Artillery. And so I observe it expounded by Claudian in these Verses * Claud. de Cons. Probini & Olybrii ver. 205. , Vt sceptrum gêssere manu, membrísque rigentes Aptauêre togas, Signum dat summus hiulcâ Nube Pater, gratámque facem per inane rotantes Prospera vibrati sonuerunt Omina Nimbi. As soon as robbed, and sceptered, Jove aloud His Signal Favour thunders from a Cloud, Successful Lightning through heavens Arches shines; Both at His Coronation happy Signs. FINIS. portrait of Catherine of Braganza (queen consort of Charles II) CATHARIN REGINA. HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE