A PERFECT RELATION Of the several Assaults and Storms MADE BY The KING of SWEDEN UPON COPENHAGHEN The chief Residence of the KING of DENMARK TOGETHER With the whole Proceed and Particulars on both sides.  
LONDON, Printed in the Year, 1658.   

A Perfect Relation, etc.  
ON the 4th day of this present month of February, the English Resident Mr. Isaac Ewers, (who for some time since had been with the King of Sweden, and at his request, did return hither back again) was admitted into this City of Coppenhaghen, and on the next day had Audience given him by his Majesty the King of Denmark, unto whom he delivered certain Letters, written unto his said Majesty by the present Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, etc. said Highness, and by his extraordinary Envoy Sr. Philip Meadows; the said Residents Propositions as well as his Letters, purporting, a proffered Mediation by his said Highness, towards the compass of a particular Peace between these two Northern Crowns.  
But by the hostile attempts which did immediately ensue, it evidently appeared, that the said Propositions were only set on foot by the Swedes, thereby to amuse the said King of Denmark, to lull him asleep; as also to surprise this good City, and consequenty after the taking of the same, by force to subdue the whole Kingdom, and to attain unto the absolute Dominion, both by Sea and Land, to the great prejudice of the Associated and Neighbouring Princes. All which is most manifestly apparent by the ensuing Actions and Attempts.  
For on the 5th day of this present month, the said Resident made overture of his said Propositions; though before any Answer could be thereon returned unto the said Lord Protector, or unto any one else; and whenas his said Majesty the the King of Denmark had sent a Trumpeter with particular Letters from some persons in this City, unto their friends in the Country, and with Letters from the Lord Admiral Opdam, to have passed with them through the Swedish Camp; the King of Sweden would not permit the same, but only for that one time and no more, suffered the Lord Opdams' Letter only to pass; whereby it appears, that he sought for an occasion and an opportunity, during this hard frost and these long nights, to continue his hostile acts, under a colour and pretence of a proffered Peace, as the sequel doth sufficiently demonstrate.  
Seeing after the said King of Sweden, had by the advice of a Court Martial transported the main body of his Army into Zealand, out of Schonen and Punen, whether he had brought them against their wills, out of their own Countries, being Swedes, Laplanders, Finnlanders, Irish, Scotch, English, Dutch and Poles: He did, on the 8th day of this present month, give a charge in writing, unto the chief Field-Officers of his Army, to assault and storm the City of Coppenhaghen, together with the Fortress of Christians Haven, on all parts, in a hostile manner; whereof the King of Denmark was timely advertised on the self same day, and some while before: Moreover the Swedes would gladly have put his said bloodthirsty design in execution (contrary to his said proffered overtures of Peace) even before, if not at the very self same time, whenas the said Resident had but newly propounded it; had he not been impeaded therein by other accidents which happened, and whereby he was constrained to defer it; whereof we had sufficient knowledge.  
For after the King of Sweden, had in the preceding daytime, made a show of all his Forces he had in his Camp, and often drawn them forth in battle array, thereby to beget a fear in the Inhabitants of this City; and that we were for certain informed, that he would immediately make an assault upon this place: He did put the same in execution about midnight, between the eighth and nineth of February last; whenas the Enemy, it being then so dark, as that a man could not see the length of a half pistol-shot from him; did, between twelve and one of the Clock in the night, hastily advance by Calboch over the Ice, not fare distant from the Longang, or Line of Communication, and the Magazine or Ammunition House; and made their first assault upon a Lighter, which was placed about three Msket shot from the Ammunition House: and as the said Lighter was but a small one, mounted but with six Guns, half Brass, half Iron ones, and defended but by a Captain, two Gunners, and some Mariners, whence they fired on the Enemy, yet they heedded that not at all: And as the Ice was not broke quite round the same, the Enemy entered her, killed one of the Mariners, and took four Prisoners; whereupon the Captain thereof, retiring with the rest of his men into the City, the Enemy fired the Hurts which were in the said Lighter, which gave such a reffection upon the Ice, as that the Enemy could be discerned marching in great Bodies towards this place; amongst which our Canon incessantly playing, and (according to the relation of some Prisoners and Fugatives) a Colonel of the Enemies being shot a pieces, and several of their Bodies being thereby also broke and disordered, the Enemy was forced to retire in a confused manner, carrying away their dead men with them, according to their usual Custom. But whereas the Huts, which were in the said Lighter, did make a great flame, the other Troops; thought that a House was fired in the City, for a sign all that the Town was taken, and therefore in great number hastened thither; but meeting those which were to have made the assault, returning back again with bloody Pates, they soon desisted in their design to proceed any further. About two of the Clock in the morning, our men regained the Lighter, quenched the fire, and brought the three Guns which were thrown out of her, on board again, and fired therewith on the Enemy. In the morning tide, there was found in the Ice, which had been kept open, a strange kind of Bridge, which could be taken asunder, and put together, with its carriage mounted on eight Wheels, which was brought into the Court-yard; as also several Shells and Granades, with crooked Hooks, and other Warlike Instruments; divers Skulls and Jaws of dead men: And the same night, the King of Sweden, with his Cavalry, was gotten into the Isle of Amach, hoping that those Troops, which he had commanded over the Ice, would have forced their entrance into Christians Haven, and so have facillitated his passage with his Horse into the City: But his said attempt, was for that time, by God's assistance, frustrated, and himself forced to retreat.  
However, they desisted not, but the said Enemy, did again with his whole might and power, assault the City of Coppenhaghen, and the Fortress of Christians Haven, in a hostile manner, betwixt the tenth and eleventh of this present Month, about one of the Clock at night.  
The first assault, was jointly made at three several parts; From the Longang, or private Conveyance, which is situated behind the Kingly Palace, and the Magazine or Ammunition House, along the Ramparts, and the half Bulwark, or Bastion, by the water-conveyance, especially upon the adjacent Ravelin, and the said Line. Behind the Magazine or Ammunition House, there was placed a small Danish Man of War, called Hoyen hall, mounted with a few Guns, and defended by not above sixteen or eighteen men. In this Vessel, and in this place, the Swedes discharged their greatest fury, bringing alongst with them some flat-bottomed Boats, and Bridges, to lay over the Ice; But the said Vessel defended herself stoutly, to the last man, and not regarding the small number she had on Board, bore off three several assaults, until there remained but six of her company alive; insomuch as those which survived, did not only keep off the Enemy, by their continual playing upon them, but did good execution upon the several Bodies of their Troops, which advanced over the Ice from Calleboc, towards the said Stations, which they were ordered to assault, and very much endamaged their main Battalion which was drawn up there. Finally, they slew one Major Smith, who was gotten on board of her, and forced the rest to quit the Vessel again. There were found eleven dead Bodies of the Enemies, upon the Decks of the said Ship, which had so wounded the Captain, besides those which were drowned.  
Those who assaulted the foresaid Ravelin seated by the water-conveyances were manfully repulsed, but resolutely renewed their assault again; and after they had cut down some of the Palisadoes, they rushed through them suriously, and endeavoured to scale the Walls, with their storming Ladders, but were at push a Pike resolutely received and entertained by our men, who valiantly resisting them, beat them off again and drove them back; and finally after a hot and sharp contest, for the space of three hours, during which time the Enemy had maintained the said Ravelin, they beat them out again, many being killed and wounded in that Contest.  
In like manner, our men which were in the half Bulwark on the adjacent Curtain, and in the Longang or private conveyance by the Stables, as also on the Walls, and in the rest of the Works on that side, behaved themselves so manfully and courageously, as that they continually repulsed the Enemy on all sides.  
The King himself, together with the Senators of the Kingdom, and the Gentry, were present at, and assisted in the whole Action, as also the Officers belonging to the King's Court, etc. some others jointly with the rest of the Courtiers were placed behind the Magazine or Ammunition House, near unto the King's Stables, and in the Longang or Brest-work, which they did manfully defend.  
By his said majesty's presence and most Heroical resolution, who was not at all dismayed, but continually applied himself to all the places where the storm and assault was the hottest and fiercest, behaving himself most Magnanimously; encouraging his men, and destributing the necessary Orders which were requisite, each one was the better animated and prompted to the duty.  
And the 〈◊〉 and conduct of the Generals, and Field-Officers which were in the place, was most apparently evident in this occasion, by their encouraging of each other; their dextrous assistance and joint Actings, with so much facility and resolution against the Enemy, as that by God's grace, he could not gain ground in the least upon them, but was most manful repulse and forced to retreat.  
In like manner the Burgemasters, Aldermen, and the faithful Citizens bestirred themselves mainly, behaved themselves wonderfully well, and assisted personally in this service, being all of them well and fully resolved to venture their lives, substances, goods and blood, in the defence of their Country, and the maintenance of their gracious and lawfully ordained King.  
The chief assault therefore was made on this said station, being carried on by Major General Vavasor; together with the Palsgraves', the English, and the Hestericks' Brigades, as also Major General Ferssers, and Colonel Gorgose's: who endeavoured to comply with their Orders, and to go through with their task with a great deal of resolution.  
The King of Sweden himself was at the head of his Reserve, not far from the assault, however out of Canon shot, our great Guns and Muskets continually thundered in amongst the Enemy's Troops, who laboured in all parts to throw over his new invented flat bottomed Boats and Bridges upon the frozen Moats, which taking effect in several stations, they immediately made use of their storming Ladders to scale the Works, chief at the point of the Bulwark, or round House seated near the Water conveyance, which was very well fortified with Palezadoes, Turnpikes, and Swine's feathers, but those who endeavoured to scale the said Works, were for the most part killed and wounded, and the Assailants, who for three several times were relieved and came fresh on again, were so well received, as that they had no mind to make any long stay there, but were totally repulsed and driven away.  
Some few had the good luck to get upon the Walls, but were likewise so unfortunate again, as that they forgot to proceed, and will not be well able to tell how they came on or off.  
Finally, The insulting Enemy was constrained by the day light (since the darkness would no longer serve his turn, to cloak and hid his erterprises,) to retire in a great deal of confusion towards their headquarters; having sustained a great loss, leaving behind him a great number of dead and wounded men, several Ice-Bridges, storming Ladders, some Ensigns, Morter-pieces, and Petards; with divers new kind of Materials, Instruments, and warlike Engines; after the storm and assault, which was fierce and bloody, had lasted for the space of four hours.  
In like manner the Enemy did present himself before Christians Haven, advancing over the Ice towards the Hollanders station, situated between the Isle of Amach, and the Ammunion-house, called the Scharport; but were thence also repulsed with bloody pates, and a great loss, both of dead men, and Prisoners which were taken.  
Before the Enemy made this main assault, they gave a false Alarm at Christians Haven, beating their Drums, and making a show to have fallen on there with a great shout, purposely to deceive us, and to cause us to send some relief thither, and so to have weakened our stations in Coppenhaghen: They advanced as far as the frozen Moats, but found the Ice wider open than they had imagined, so that the for most of them fell in and were drowned; and when the day appeared there were Hats, Perewiggs and Muffs found swimming on the water; also on the Ice, and up and down on the Land, several Bodies were found; the remainder of them, were by the Enemy conveyed off according to his usual custom, every Trooper and Muskiteer being enforced to carried away his dead or wounded companion, and to cast them upon the Wagons and Sledges.  
About half an hour past four of the clock in the morning a third party of the Enemies, commanded by the Lieutenant General, the Earl Gustavus Banner, and led on by Lieutenant Colonels Lentsman, Fittinghoff, Stael and others, appeared with the dismounted Polish Horse, and other Troops, on the other side of the City of Copenhaghen, over against the Eastern gate, and the two adjacent Bulwarks, called the Mill and middle Bulwarks; in which place the Holland Soldiers and Officers had likewise their stations; who suffered the Enemy to come so nigh the Ravelin, as that they so hoamly greeted them with their Muskets (whilst they were busied in ordering their materials, and laying their bridges over the moat) as that several of them will never think of returning back; and the remainder were finally enforced to retire in a great deal of confusion.  
As the Enemy thought to have brought on his flat bottomd Boats to that part of the works, the first of them slipped under the Ice with its fore part, and with its hinder part reared an end, so that they could make but little use thereof: however four persons who had jointly cast their scaling Ladders over the Ice, got up upon the walls, who had quarter given them by the Hollanders: In this place the Swedes were enforced to leave divers of their new invented Ice-bridges, storming Ladders, and other Instruments behind them; running away and leaving several of their dead and wounded Men; amongst which divers healthy men had hid themselves, who afterwards kneeling with lift up hands, demanded quarter, which was granted to them; insomuch as that a great number of Prisoners were brought in, at this, as well as the other stations: amongst which were divers Majors, Captains of Horse, and other Officers, some of which died of their wounds.  
The Lord Admiral of the united States, the Baron of Wassender, was in person at the head of a considerable Reserve at the Eastern Gate, having several brave and resolute Stamen in his company.  
According unto the information of the Prisoners, the King of Sweden had encouraged the Troopers (who were otherwise unwilling to be dismounted, and to serve on foot in the assault) with his Promise, to suffer them, to have the Plundering of the City for three day's space, and to deal with the Women, as they themselves should please. An exact List is a preparing, of the Names of all the Officers who commanded and fought on both sides, as also of those which were killed wounded and taken on the Enemy's behalf; for on our part, although it be scarce credible, there is not so much as an Officer, or a Citizen missing, and not above eight or ten Soldiers killed, There were two or three Citizens wounded, particularly two Gentlemen named Rosecrants, and Rotstein; the first of which died on the place, and the other is dangerously hurt.  
Mean while on the Enemy's part, these ensuing General Persons and Officers in chief were slain, forasmuch as we can be assured of as yet:  

The General of the Artillery, the Earl of Steinboch.  
St. William Vavasor, Major General.  
Major General Aschenberg.  
Count Lodowick Lourven Ceupt, Lieutenant Colonel.  
Count Jacob Drommondt, Lieutenant Colonel.  
Colonel Gengell.  
Colonel Staell.  
Colonel Steinhoff.  
Colonel Scharnestsky.  
Colonel Hesterich.  
Colonel Sparr.  
Colonel Becker./  
Colonel Berenclaw.  
Colonel Adjatant General Lavoyette.  
Colonel Lentzman.  
Lieut. Col. Wrangell.  
Lieut. Col. Kittinghoven.  
Major Schmidt.  
Capt. John Frederick, of Horse.  
Capt. Neewhugs, of Horse.  
Capt. Westerhagen, of Horse.  
Capt. Vandervosten, of Horse.  
Cap. Ugla, of Foot.  
In all 120. Inferior Officers, and 60. Officers in Chief.   
There was found an Officer in Chief of the Swedes, drowned under the Ice behind the Danish Man of War, whose Name is as yet unknown; besides the slain and wounded men which they carried off upon their storming Ladders and Wagons, wherewith they brought their Materials and Ice-Bridges.  
Moreover the Country People did bury three Wagons full of dead Men, in a Pit near unto the place of execution called the Galghenberg, which they were to have carried to the Camp; and over and above those which were drowned, there hath already been found 566. dead Corpse; although there must needs be many more, since they are not as yet all found, and that the Enemy hath carried several away.  
Threescore and two Prisoners were brought into the City; not is it known how many more may have hid themselves up and down about the Works; some Troopers which came over to us out of the Swedes Camp, relate, that it is reported in the Army, that they had lost three Generals, eight Colonels, twelve Lieutenant Colonels, besides several other Officers, and at least 3000. private Soldiers, but the Swedes themselves only speak of 2000  
The Swedes their Word was, God help us; and the besieged their Word was Honest: the Swedes distinction which they wore in their hats, was a green bush of Juniper tied with a straw: ours wore a white handkerchief in their hats: the greatest part of the Enemy, had white shirts over their , to the end they should not be discovered in the Snow.  
Our men have lighted upon good booty, as rich , Rings, coined Gold and Silver, Chains of gold, whole purses full of Gold, and other such like things which they found about the dead: Amongst which, is the Seal of Count Drommond, and the Seal and gold Ring with Colonel Charles Banners Coat of Arms, whereby it's presumed that he is also slain.  
This glorious Victory is the Lords work, to whom eternal praise be given for the same: and for the which, on the 11th of February, public Thanksgivings were returned to God in all the Churches of this City; and it was very pleasing to hear the reserve of our men which were drawn up in the great place before the King's Court, when day appeared and that the Enemy was defeated and put to flight, did sing aloud several Psalms of Thanksgiving in way of rejoicing.  
It is very observable, That of so many Granades, which the Enemy during the assault, did fling in abundance upon and towards the Walls, there was no hurt at all done; the greatest part of them rebounding back again, endamaged the Eenemy themselves; so likewise did the Danes play mainly upon the Enemy with small and great Granades; and from the Bulwark by the Water Conveyance there were 300. hand Granades cast forth.  
The wind being North East, was by God's appointment very favourable for the Danes, so that the greatest part of the smoke caused by the firing on both sides, as well as from the Works and Walls, was driven directly into the Enemy's faces.  
And the Enemy, by God's assistance, being in this manner manfully repulsed on all sides, was constrained as suddenly to retreat as he at first did furiously fall on, having a good conduct of Shot and Hail sent after him from all parts.  
On the same day; to wit, the eleventh of February, in the Afternoon, a Swedish Trumpeter was sent into Copenhaghen, desiring that the dead bodies of Major General Vavasor, and of Colonel Gangell, might be delivered unto him, which was granted; and in reference thereunto, these following dead Corpse newly found, and being decently adorned and wrapped up in burying , were delivered to the said Trumpeter, viz.  

Major General Sir William Vavasor.  
Colonel Gangell.  
Lieutenant Colonel Count Drommondt.  
Lieutenant Colonel Kittinghoven.  
Lieutenant Colonel Leutzman.  
Lieutenant Colonel Stake.  
Major Schmidt.  
Captain Augustin of Horse.  
Captain Westerhagen of Horse.  
Captain Neewhaus of Horse.  
Captain Vgla of Foot.   
Three Cart-loades of Scaling Ladders, which stood betwixt a Chimney and the Ravelin before the Eastern Gate, were brought into the City by the Holland Soldiers, which went out for booty; besides a great quantity of Bridges, flat-bottomed Boats, and other warlike Instruments; several of which the King hath caused to be preserved for a Remembrance.  
Moreover, there are taken six Ensigns, or Colours, twelve Drums, two Morter-pieces, and one great Petard; wherewithal they thought to have opened the Longang, or Line of Communication, as also another Petard; several great and small Granades and Shells filled with Powder and Bullets, several Pikes and Suits of Arms; as also divers new fashioned and invented Muskets; made in such a manner, as that they carried a small Copper Granadoe, in which there were several reportitions, being boared through with a sharp Iron, which was hooked at the end, purposely to remain hanging in a man's , and so to hurt not only one person, but the several standers by: but these being shot over the Walls, did little or no harm at all, although the Inventor of the same, had a great reward from the King of Sweden.  
Finally, Some Runaways, which came lately over from the Swedish Camp, do relate, That six hundred of the hurt and maimed men, were sent away to Rotschilt, four hundred to Roeck, and two hundred unto Elsenheur, since there was no conveniency for them in the Camp.  
There was found about the Lieutenant Colonel Fittinghoff, (who was slain on the place before the aforesaid Eastern Bulwark) the ensuing Order in writing, under the King of Sweden's own Seal and Signature, as followeth.  
Charles Gustave, by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, Goths and Vandals, etc.  
It is his Majesty's gracious Order, to both the Lieutenant Colonels Lentsman, and Tythinghoff; That they, (as soon as Lieutenant Colonel Stael, with his commanded men, shall be advanced alongst the Ravelin, on the left hand, towards the Bulwark of the Citadel) shall with their commanded Troopers, and the Materials which they have with them, (leaving the said Ravelin on their left hand, and passing on the right) assault the long face of the half Bulwark; and moreover, endeavour to apply their Materials thereunto, to master the said Bulwark, to chase the Enemy out of the same, and to keep and maintain their stands there, until they shall receive further Orders; and in case they happen to be once or twice repulsed, they shall notwithstanding, not give over till they have mastered the same: and in the mean while, send speedy word to General Banner, in what a posture they find the Enemy to be: Where in his Majesty relying upon the courage and good conduct of both the said Lieutenant Colonels, and their inferior Officers, doth remain confident, continuing them in his Kingly gracious and good opinion.  
In testimony whereof, given under his Majesties own Hand and Seal in the Camp by Bromsou, on the 8th of Febr. 1659. Subscribed thus, Carel Gustaf.  
With a Seal, directed thus, Order for the Lieutenant Colonels, Lentsman and Tyringhoff.  
Signed, Frans Ivel.  
About another, who who was found dead by a certain Chimney, before the Eastern Gate, and who for certain, is known to be Major General Vavasor, having been shot through the back, there was likewise found another Swedish Kingly Order, of the Tenor following.  
Charles Gustave, by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, Goths, and Vandals, etc.  
It is his Majesty's gracious Order to Major General Vavasor; That as soon as Major General Ferssen, with his joint Brigades, shall be advanced towards those parts which are ordered him: He shall likewise match on towards the Bulwark, with the Palsgraves', the Hestericks, and the English Brigades; in such a manner, as that the Palsgraves' shall apply their Materials against the Works upon the right hand, towards Amach, and the Hesterick jointly with the English, on the left hand, on the Works towards the crooked Line, and shall use their best endeavours to assault and master the said Bulwark; and having gained the same, to take their Stations there on both sides of the same, and there to join; to wit on the right hand, with the General of the Ordnance Sternbock, and with Colonel Lavoyette, and on the left hand with Colonel Gorgos: and in case the Captain with the 50 commanded men, or Colonel Gorgos, who are ordered to master the crooked Line on their right hand, shall not have performed the same; he the said Major General Vavasor, shall as then open the said crooked Line on the left side, with those Petards which he hath with him, shall drive the Enemy out of the same, shall nail up the Guns which he shall find therein, and so join himself to the Brigade on the left hand; and mean while shall give notice unto his said Majesty, in what a posture he doth find the Enemy in: which being put in execution, the said King doth remit himself to the good courage, conduct and prudence of the said Major General; and remains, committing him to God's protection, continuing him in his gracious good opinion: In testimony whereof,  
Given under his Majesty's Seal and Signature in the Camp before Bromsou, on the 8th of Febr. 165● Subscribed thus, Carel. Gustaf.  
Directed thus, The Order for Major General Vavasor.  
Signed, Frans. Sael.  
Extract out of other Letters from Coppenhaghen, bearing date the 21th Febr. 1659.  
Since we have had a thaw in these parts, there have been found above a Thousand dead bodies in all, with those which we afore specified, in and about the Works of this City in the Ice and Snow.  
As likewise we have received a Confirmation of the defeat given to General Wrangell, in an Assault which he made on the Isle of Langland; where he lost 500 men, besides the Earl of Waldeeck, and Colonel Putcamer, who were slain in the said attemp.  
FINIS.