THE Present State OF HUNGARY.  
OR, A Geographical and Historical Description of that Kingdom, giving an account of the Nature of the Country, and of its Inhabitants, of its Government and Policy; its Religion and Laws; of its Division into Counties and Provinces; of its Towns, Castles, Forts, Rivers Lakes, Mountains, Product, Mines, Minerals, and other Rarities.  
TOGETHER, With the Memorable Battles and Sieges that have happened there since the time of the Romans; but more particularly since the Turkish Invasions.  
To which is added, A short Account of Transilvania, and the lofty Titles taken by those Turkish Emperors, who have made War in those Countries.  
Lond. Printed for H. Rhodes next door to the Swan-Tavern, near Brides-Lane in Fleetstreet, 1687.   

Licenced, August 12. R. L. S.   

A TABLE OF THE CHAPTERS.  
CHAP. I. 
OF the Names of Hungary, its Limits, Division, Rivers, Lakes and Mountains. Page 1  CHAP. II. 
Of the Country of Hungary and its Inhabitants. Page 3  CHAP. III. 
Of the Princes and Nations, that have made Progress in Hungary. Page 5  CHAP. IV. 
Of a Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary. Page 8  CHAP. V. 
Of the Authors who treat of Hungary. Page 11  CHAP. VI 
Of the Towns of Upper Hungary and their Description. Page 12  CHAP. VII. 
Of the Towns of the Lower Hungary. Page 38  CHAP. VIII. 
Of the Rivers, of Hungary, and their Description. Page 73  CHAP. IX. 
Of the Division of the Kingdom of Hungary, into Counties, and their Names. Page 81  CHAP. X. 
Of the Estates of Hungary. Page 84  CHAP. XI. 
Of the chief Palat. Nobility of Hung. Page 68  CHAP. XII. 
Of the State of the Palatin of the Kingdom of Hungary, his Quality, Authority, and Pre-eminence, with a List of those who in this last Age have been Elected to that Office. Page 89  CHAP. XIII. 
Of the Arms of the Kingdom of Hungary, and in what manner the Kings have given them. Page 92  CHAP. XIV. 
Of the memorable Battles that have been fought in Hungary. Page 97  CHAP. XV. 
Of the Ceremon. observed in the Coron. of the Kings and Queens of Hungary. Page 133  CHAP. XVI. 
Of the Description of Transilvania, anciently united to Hungary and the Princes who have Reigned in it, since the beginning of this Age, to the present time. Page 142  CHAP. XVII. 
Of the Turkish Emperors, who in Progress of time have invaded, subdued, and usurped the greatest part of Hungary Page 146    

THE Present State OF HUNGARY: OR An Historical, and Geographical Description of that Kingdom.  

CHAP. I.  
Of its Names, Bounds, Division, Rivers, Lakes and Mountains.  
THE Kingdom of Hungary, belonging by Right to the House of Austria, but, in a great part, invaded and usurped by the Turks, lies betwixt the 39 and 47. degree of Longitude, and from the 45. to the 49. of North Latitude, or thereabouts: It is part of the Ancient Pannonia, called Magiar by the Turks; Wegierska, by the Sclavonians; Hungerland, by the Germans; Ongaria, by the Italians and Spaniards; hungry, by the French; and Hungary by the English.  
The Bounds of it are Transilvania to the East; Poland and Russia to the North; Moravia, Austria and Styria to the West; and Servia and Bosnia to the South.  
The Figure of this Kingdom is square, its Corners looking to the four parts of the World.  
It is divided into the Upper and Lower Hungary; the Upper is on the side of the Danube, towards Poland and Transilvania; and the Lower on the other side of the same River.  
Heretofore it contained above Seaventy Counties, but at present it has only about fifty; whereof before this last War Twenty six were subject to the Ottoman Tyranny. It may be also divided into the part held by the Emperor, and that which is under the Turkish Dominion.  
It's chief Rivers are, the Raab, the Wag, the Gran, the Teisse, the Sarvilise, which comes out of the lake Balathon, and the Donau. The less considerable are the Newsidl●r, Reckzkerle, and some others.  
The highest Mountains of Hungary are the Carpathian Mountains, towards Poland and Transilvania. The richest are betwixt Buda and Strigonium, which have Mines affording excellent Metals, and especially Quicksilver.   

CHAP. II.  
Of the Country of Hungary, and its Inhabitants.  
THE Air of this Country is unwholesome, and especially to Strangers; and it is observed to engender a great deal of Vermine. The Waters, excepting that of the Danube, are not good, and the Author de Mirabilibus Hungariae observes, that there are Fountains in Hungary, whose Waters are Poisonous, which increase and diminish with the Moon, and are quite dried up when that Luminary is in the Full. There are other Fountains in it also, that turn into Stone any thing that is cast into them; others which are hot in Winter, and freeze in Summer; and others whose Waters are sowrish, salt, etc. There are in i● also several Mines of Salt, Gold, Silver, Copper, Steel and Iron. Th● Soil is very fruitful, in so much, tha● some have thought, that Hungary alone was sufficient to furnish all Europe with Corn. Its Pasturages are wonderful and so great is the plenty of Wild Beasts and Fowl, of Fish and Cattle that the Country People live for mos● part on the Flesh of Wild Boars an● Venison. An hundred Carp hav● been sold there for a Noble; and i● hath been observed, that in one yea● above Fourscore thousand Oxen hav● been brought from thence into Germany. The Hungarians are Warlike, bu● cruel, proud, revengeful, and so i● united together, that it is no wonder they have been a Prey to the Barbar●ans. They speak several Languages, and especially Latin, which is very familiar to them; the Gentry are magnificent, and all great Lovers of Horses, Hunting and good Cheer. The Hungarians love not the Germans; yet the Nobility adhere to the House of Austria, to secure themselves from the Oppression of the Turks, who value a Peasant as much as a Gentleman. The strength of the Country consists in light Horsemen. The Troopers there are called Hussars, and the Foot Heydukes.   

CHAP. III.  
Of the Princes and Nations, who have made any Progress in Hungary.  
THE first of the Romans that made any Progress in Hungary was Julius Caesar, other Captains continued them after him, until the time of Tiberius, who entirely subjected that Kingdom. Afterwards upon the Fall of the Roman Empire, the Goths seized it, and that Kingdom became Prey to the Huns and Lombard's, who were driven out by the former in th● eighth Century. For certain crue● People of Scythia, called Hongres, tha● lived only on Blood, possessed themselves of all that Country, which a● present we call Hungary. They who treat of Hungary, reckon Balamir o● Balamber amongst the Kings of tha● Country; he reigned fifty six years and had a Son Mundsur or Mundiaque who died before his Father. Aptar i● also reckoned amongst those Kings and the two Brothers, Bleda, killed in the Year, 444. and Attila, called the Scourge of God, who died in the year 453. His Children made a cruel Wa● against one another, and lost the Conquests of their Father. The Huns made another Irruption into Pannonia, about the Year 744. under the Conduct o● one named Amie, who had Arphad for his Successor. These gave the name to Hungary. Sultan, one of the issue of that Arphad, was, as it is said, the Father of Toxa or Toxis, and this Man begot Geiza, the Father of St. Stephen, with whom I shall begin the Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary. He was Crowned in the year, 1000 or 1020. according to others. Since that time the Hungarians had Kings, who governed them peaceably▪ enough, until after the Death of Loüis, called the Great, whose Daughter and Heiress Marie was Married to the Emperor Sigismond of Luxemburg; but his Government displeasing them, they called in Charles de Duras King of Naples, and Stephen, Vaivod of Transilvania, who had his recourse to Bajazet the First, Emperor of the Turks; from thence began the Miseries of that Kingdom, which since the year 1394. hath been always almost the seat of War, and became a Prey to the Turks; and especially under Amurath, Solyman, and others. The Kingdom of Hungary is partly possessed by the House of Austria, and partly by the Infidels. The former rendered it Hereditary after the Death of Loüis the Young, who perished at the Battle of Mohacs', in the year 1526. John de Zapol, Count of Scepua, was saluted King by part of the Hungarians, and Ferdinand of Austria by the rest, who carried it from his Competitor. The Estates of this Kingdom are divided into four Bodies. 1. The Clergy. 2. The Barons. 3. The Nobles. 4. The Royal and Free Towns. The Religion of it is divided, and the Manners of the People odd. The Hungarians were converted to the Faith by Gisle Sister to St. Henry, who married their King St. Stephen.   

CHAP. IU.  
A Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary.  
IN the year 1000 or 1020. St. Stephen, died in 1038.  
  years' months 1038. Peter the Germane reigned 4 0 1042. Ovon or Aban 2 0 1044. Peter the Germane restored 2 0 1046. Andrew I. 15 0 1061. Bela I. 2 0 1063. Solomon 11 0 1074. Geiza or Gezcza I. 3 0 1077. Ladislaus I. 7 0 1095 Coloman or Colan 19 0 1114. Stephen II. 18 0 1132. Bela II. 9 0 1141. Geiza II. 20 0 1161. Stephen III. 11 0 1172. Ladislaus the Usurper 0 6 1172. Stephen IU. 0 5 1173. Bela III. 23 0 1193. Emeri 8 0 1204. Ladislaus II. 0 6 1205. Andrew II. called of Jerushalem. 30 0 1235. Bela IU. 25 0 1260. Stephen V. 12 0 1272. Ladislaus III. 18 0 1290. Andrew III. called the Venetian 11 0  Charles I. called Martel.   1301. Wenceslaus 0 0 1305. Otho. 0 0 1310. Charles Robert or Charobert 32 0 1342. Loüis I. 40 0 1382. Marry 0 0 1383. Charles III. called the Little 0 3 1387. Sigismond 51 0 1438. Albert of Austria 0 2 1440. Ladislaus IU. 0 4 1445. John Corvin, called Huniades 0 8 1452. Ladislaus V. 0 6 1458. Mathias Corvin 0 2 1490. Ladislaus VI. 25 0 1516. Loüis II. called the Young 11 0 1526. John de Zapol 0 0 1540 John Stephen, or Sigismond 0 0 1527. Ferdinand I. 37 0 1564. Maximilian I. 12 0 1576. Rodolph 36 0 1612. Mathias. 0 7 1619. Ferdinand II. 18 9 1637. Ferdinand III. called Earnest. 20 0  
Ferdinand Francis Elected, 1647.  
1657. Leopold Ignatius chosen in the Life of his Father Ferdinand the III. in the year, 1655.  
The Author has not here observed the precise year of the Election of these Princes, but the year their Reign began.   

CHAP. V.  
Of the Authors that speak of Hungary.  
THE chief are: Bonfinius, Aeneas Silvius, Bizar, Philippus Callimachus, Experieus, Cellarius, Dillichius, Poretius, Estuanfus, Sambuch, Schodel, Peter Ranzan, Melchior Soiter, Ciaconius, Stuarth, Roger, who hath Published a Volume of Hungarian Writers, Tharosius, the Authors of the Histories of Germany, Poland and Naples, Thevet and Paulus Jovius on Mathias, Corvinus and Huniades, St. Antonin, Blondus, Daviti, the Fables of the Kings of Hungary, Mercator, Ortelius, Maginus Cluverius, Brietius, Samson, Du Val, Boissard, Volateran, Du May's Description of the War of Hungary, Szenkely, Chron: Ferrarii, St. Baudrand Lexic. Geog. etc.   

CHAP. VI  
Of the Towns of Upper Hungary and their Description.  
THE Kingdom of Hungary, as we have said, is divided into the Upper and Lower Hungary, the Towns of the Upper Hungary, are these that follow.  

PRESBOURG.  
This Town lies upon the Danube, and is the Capital City of the Upper Hungary, and of all that belongs to the Emperor within that Kingdom. It gives its Name to a County, which is a Province of Hungary, betwixt Moravia, Austria, and the Danube; the Latin Authors call it Posonium and Flexum, and those of the Country, Poson. This place is eight Leagues from Vienna in Austria, and as far from Newheusel and Comorra; it is Fortified with a considerable Castle against the Incursions of the Turks, which is mentioned by the Author of the Germane Itinerary in this manner. Lib. 5.  
Hic ubi Posonium consurgit turribus altis,  
Limbs Teutonicis, Hungariisque viris.  
The Authors of the Hungarian History, which are bound up in one Volume, speak of Presbourg, as well as Cluverius, Ortelius and Samson; it hath the Title of an Archbishopric, and in the Cathedral-Church, which is partly possessed by the Fathers Jesuits, the Body of St. John Bishop of Alexandra is held in great Veneration.  
Pope Clement the Fifth being informed that the Hungarians were in Arms, and would not submit to Charles Martel, Son to Charles II. King of Naples, thought himself obliged to send a Legate thither, either for composing these Disorders, or strengthening the Party of the Lawful Sovereign. For that effect he pitched upon Gentil de Monteffiore, whose Merit had raised him from a Franciscan Friar to the Dignity of a Cardinal, and who acquitted himself extraordinarily well in his Commission. At first he used all ways of Mildness; but finding them to be unprofitable, he employed Ecclesiastical Censures, and reclaimed the Hungarians to their Duty. He celebrated a Council at Presbourg, in the year 1309. Where sound Cannons were made; which were afterwards approved by the Pope. In this Town there are a great many Houses built after the Italian manner, which contribute much to the Beauty thereof.   

NITRIA.  
Nitria or Nitracht, a Town in the Upper Hungary, is the Seat of a Bishop, Suffragan to the Archbishop of Gran, and has its Name from the River it lies upon, which it gives to a County, whereof it is the Capital: It is under the Jurisdiction of Newheusel, being five Leagues distant from it, and ten from Presbourg, and continued always subject to the Emperor.   

NEWHEUSEL.  
The people of the Country call it Owar, and the Latin Authors Neoselium; it lies upon the River of Nitria, or Nitrach, two Leagues from Comorra upon the Danube: It is but a small Town, but very well seated, and the chief Town of a large Country; the Turks took it in the year 1663. And the Emperor's Army having invested it the seventh of July, 1685. Retook it the nineteenth of August following.   

NOVIGRAD.  
A little Town with a Castle upon a Hill, the Capital of the County of the same name, lying on the Danube, betwixt Gran and Vachia.   

VACHIA.  
Vatzen or Veitzen, and in Latin Vaccia, is a Town lying upon the Danube, betwixt Novigrad and Pest, and the Seat of a Bishop, Suffragan to Gran.   

CASSOVIA.  
This Town by the Hungarians is called Caschow, the Capital of the County of Abauwiver. It is very well fortified, and lies upon the River of Kunnert, which falls into the Teiss five or six Leagues from the Carpatian or Crapat Mountains, betwixt Esperies and Borsanick. And though it be a free Town, and have considerable Privileges, yet it hath always acknowledged the Emperor as King of Hungary, till of late, being engaged in the Rebellion of Teckely, it was forced to return to the Emperor it's Lawful Sovereign in the year, 1685.   

FILLECK.  
Was formerly a strong Town of the Imperial Hungary, lying five Leagues to the North of Agria, and as far to the West of Cassovia, upon the River Gayenne, in the County of Zabel; it was reduced under the power of Teckely, and its Fortifications demolished.   

ESPERIES.  
In Latin Eperiae is a very well fortified Town in the County of Sarax in Hungary, lying upon the River of Tarbez, towards the Mountains and upon the Frontiers of Poland: It always belonged to the Emperor as King of Hungary, till it was involved in the Rebellion of Teckely, from whom it was retaken by the Imperial Arms in the year, 1685.   

AGRIA.  
This Town by the Germans is called, Eger, and by the Hungarians, Erlaw, lying upon a River of the same Name: It is but a small place, but extraordinarily well fortified, and hath always been the Seat of a Bishop, Suffragan to the Archbishop of Strigonium, and the Bulwark of Christendom, and therefore it was Besieged, but in vain, by the Army of Solyman: But at length, Mahomet the Third carried it the 12. of October, 1596. Since that time it hath been in the hands of the Turks, who keep a strong Garrison in it. Three Leagues from this Town the River of Agria falls into the Tyssa or Teisse, which is the Tibiscus of the Latins. In the year 1552. the Turks first besieged Agria, with an Army of Threescore and ten thousand Men. It was then no strong place, neither by Nature nor Art; and yet the Courage of the Garrison supplied the Weakness of the place. There were within it Two thousand Hungarians, and Threescore of the chief Gentlemen of the Country, who brought thither their Wives, Children, and all their Goods. They all took an Oath, that they would suffer the utmost Extremity, rather than render the place; they put all their Provision into public stores, and when the Turks summoned them to render the place, they put out a Coffin upon the Battlements of the Walls, to show that they had resolved to die, rather than to yield. The Town was for Forty days time incessantly Battered with Fifty pieces of Cannon; but all that daunted not the Besieged. Nay the Turks having made three Assaults in one day, were still beaten off, and lost Eight thousand men. Above all things the Valour of the Women was conspicious in so bloody an Action. One of them was fight in presence of her Mother and Husband, who was killed hard by her, and her Mother bidding her carry off the Body and Bury it: God forbidden, answered she, that I should Bury my Husband before I revenge his death: and with that snatching up the Buckler and Sword of her dead Husband, she threw herself into the midst of the Enemy's, and left not off Fight till she had revenged the death of her Husband by the slaughter of three Turks. Another Woman carrying a great stone to cast down upon the Enemy, was shot with a Canon Bullet, that carried off her head. Her Daughter who followed her, without standing to bewail her loss, took up the stone, and all bloody as it was with her Mother's Blood, threw it down upon a crowd of the Enemy, who endeavoured to mount the Wall. The Turks being Witnesses of such obstinate Resolution, raised the Siege the Nineteenth of October; and the Besieged sallying out after them, cut to pieces a great number of the Infidels, and took most of their Baggage.   

TOKAY.  
A very strong Town with a Citadel upon the River Bodroch, that falls into the Teisse. This Town lying in form of an Island, was taken by the Turks, and afterwards regained by the Emperor's Army; but falling into the hands of the Rebel Teckely, his Imperial Majesty retook it in the year, 1685. to whom it belongs at present. This Town is Subject to Inundations, and yet the Land about it is very Fertile, and bears excellent Wine called by that name. Below it the River of Bodroch, running by Esperies, joins the Teisse.   

UNGWAR.  
A little Town, Capital of the County of Ung, lying at the Foot of the Carpat Mountain, near the River Ung, the Boundary of Red Russia, thirty Leagues to the East of Cassovia, and five and twenty to the North of the Teisse; it fell likewise into the hands of Teckely, and was retaken by the Arms of the Emperor in the year, 1685.   

COLOCZA.  
An Ancient Town lying near the Danube lower than Pest, was heretofore an Archbishops See; it is encompassed with very Fertile Meadows.   

ONOTH.  
A Town lying upon the side of the River of Schaia, between Agria and Tokay.   

DEBRECHIM.  
A City lying in the County of Zobel, betwixt Tokay and great Waradin; it is Rich, Populous, and of great Commerce and Traffic; upon the humble desire of the Inhabitants, it was received into the Protection of his Imperial Majesty, after the Reduction of Zolnock, and Cassovia: It continued Neuter during the late Revolutions in Hungary, and sided not with the Rebels, allowing always Liberty, as well to the Judges there established by the Emperor, as to the Commissioner of the Port, to Exercise their Authority in it.   

GIULA.  
This Town lies betwixt the Rivers of Sebeskeres and Feyerkeres, upon the Lake of Zarkad, a few Leagues below great Waradin, upon the Frontier of Transilvania; as yet it belongs to the Turk.   

ZOLNOCK.  
This Town lies upon the River of Teisse, where the River of Zagiwa joins it: It is the chief Town of the same name, and strongly fortified, having long groaned under the Turkish Yoke; it lies forty Leagues to the West of Waradin, and sixty from Buda. This Fortress was taken by the Baron de Mercy, Lieutenant-Marshal de Camp, and by the Sr. Heusler one of the Emperor's Generals, in the Month of October, 1685.   

ZATMAR.  
A small Town lying upon the River of Samos, on the Frontiers of Transilvania, and the Capital of the County of the same Name; it belongs to the Emperor, and is ten Leagues Northward of Waradin, and fourteen Eastward of Tokay.   

ZARAVAS.  
This is a Modern Fortress built by the Turks, since the breaking out of the Rebellion, which Emersi Count of Teckely raised in this Kingdom: It lies upon the River of Kiros, which falls into the Teysse, five Germane Leagues from Zolnock, and twelve from Giula; but the situation of it is not as yet described in the Maps: By the Conquest of this place, two Counties that depend on it have been gained, which before the Rebellion held not of his Imperial Majesty; the one is called the County of the Tarantalians, and the other of the Czongradians.   

MONGATZ.  
A Fort with a very strong Castle seated on the River Torza, betwixt Ungwar and Zatmar near the Mountains; it hath been a place of Retreat to the Rebel Count Teckely, as it was before to Prince Ragotzi. The Countess of Teckely, Aurora Veronica Daugh-to the late Count Peter Serine, and before Widow of the said Prince, still delays to render it to the Emperor, as being uncertain what will become of her Husband. In the mean time it is straight blocked up by the Imperial Forces.   

TEMESWAR.  
A great and strong Town upon the River of Thames, towards the Frontiers of Transilvania; it is the chief Town of a Province of that Name, which has the Title of a County. The Turk hath subdued both the Town and Country.   

WARADIN.  
This Town which is called Great Waradin, lying on the Drove, was of the Ancient Dacia, and is at present in Transilvania.  
It is situated to the South of the little River of Kevures, which others call Sobeskeres, and the Ancients Chrisus, that has its Source in one of the Branches of the Carpathian Mountains, from whence it seems to wash away, and bring along with its Sand little Spangles of Gold.  
In the year 1242. the Tartars made themselves Masters of that Town, and used great Cruelties i●●t, putting most of the Inhabitants to the Sword, without distinction of Age or Sex.  
In the year 1290. Ladislaus King of Hungary, built in it the fair Church of our Lady, which is the Seat of a Suffragan Bishop.  
This Town having a strong Citadel, is fortified with five Bastions; and the Turks looking upon it as a favourable Post, for enlarging their Conquests on the side of Transilvania, sent first in the year, 1598. a powerful Army under the command of Omar, who besieged it in the month of September; but after may Cruel and Bloody Attacks on both sides, the Turks were forced to raise the Siege on the third of November: However in 1660. they took it, and made it a place of Arms against Christendom.  
This place is the usual Residence of a Sangiack, who depends on the Beglerbey of Themeswar: And here it was, that Count Emery of Teckely, was surprised and seized by the Bassa of the place, and sent to the Grand Visier at Adrianople in Chains. This was a great Transformation of him, who put in his Standard that was taken in the month of September, 1684. by General Schultz at the Battle near Esperies; his own Arms beset with two Lions Or, and two Argent holding in their claws a Shable, cleaving the Imperial Eagle in two, and overhead a Ducal Coronet, with a device in Latin and Sclavonick, of, Protector in Hungary: But alas!  
Quem veniens superbum  
dies vidit  
Hunc fugiens jacentem   

GUTTA.  
This Town is very well Fortified at that place, where the River of Waag discharges itself into the Danube; it was Built since the last Wars, in a Fenny place betwixt a branch of the Danube, the Waag and the Swatrz. It is a Mile distant from Newheusel, and from the top of the Church of Gutta, one may see the Town of Newheusel, and even distinguish the several Houses.   

SCHINTA.  
Esteemed a very strong place, long since Built to command the River, and all the Country about; it hath a Tower in the middle, with four Bastions, and several great Guns.   

TIRNAW.  
Is a Town lying in an open Country, and may be seen at a great distance; within these seven years it was reduced to Ashes, and is now almost entirely Rebuilt.   

TOPOLCHAN.  
This Town lies upon the Banks of the River of Nitra, and was burnt down with its Church during the late Wars, and could never be Built again since.   

LEOPOLD.  
This Town was Built after the loss of Newheusel, and much in the same Figure; it hath six very Regular Bastions, and well covered, lying Westward of the River of Waag, and exactly opposite to Freistadt: It is not very far from the place, through which the Tartars went in the late War, when they ravaged a great part of that Country, and made many Slaves, as they did also in Moravia. It was begun to be fortified in the year, 1665.   

FREISTADT.  
Is a very pretty Town, but the Turks not long since burned it: The Count of Forchatz, has a lovely Castle and a stately House in it, and the Capucins a Convent.   

TRENSCHEIN.  
Is a very fair Town lying upon the side of the River of Waag, over which it hath a Wooden Bridge: The Market place of it is very pretty, the Jesuits Church lovely, and the Castle very high; it is seen at a great distance, and belongs to Count Illeshazi. There are a great many Springs of Mineral Waters, in all the Country about it.   

SERNOWITZ.  
Is a Town lying upon the River of Gran, having a Castle built upon a Rock.   

NEWSOL.  
Is a pretty neat Town, lying upon the River of Gran; at the end of it there is a very lovely Tower, and the Castle well deserves to be seen; because there is a Church within it covered with Copper, wherein are a great many fair Wooden Statues, and some Relics. It hath a Bridge over the River, with a handsome pile of Building, made to stop the Timber that is thrown into the River, ten Miles above the Town in the Country, that is all covered with Wood By that means Wood is conveyed to Newsol without much trouble and cha●ges, which is made use of for Working in the Copper Mines that are in the Town: It was taken by Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transilvania, who making use of the Occasion of the Revolt of the Bohemians, and of his Alliance which they demanded, fell into Hungary and took many places in it. Before this Town of Newsol, the brave Count Charles of Bucquoy, Knight of the Golden Fleece, being General of the Imperial Army, found his Bed of Honour; for having retaken the Towns of Presbourg, Tirnaw, Altenbourg, and others, and encamping before Newsol, where he Valiantly carried on the Siege in the year, 1621. he was killed in a Sally in the Month of July that year, after he had received Sixteen Mortal Wounds. The following Inscription was made to his Memory.  


Belli fulmen,  
Hostium terror,  
Suorum militum Pater,  
Regum Praesidium, Equitum Aurei Velleris decus.   

CAROLUS BUCQUOIUS.   

Quem ad Ambianum Henricus IV.  
Galliae Rex  
Timendo laudaverat.  
Novis hic laudibus atque victoriis se probavit,  
Supremus Tormentorum constitutus Praefectus,  
Ipso sole illustrior famâ  
Gaborem Imperii jugulo imminentem  
Viennâ repulit, Austriâque totâ exegit:  
Turrianum, Anhaltinum & Mansfeldium,  
Perduellium Duces, contudit.  
Dejecit affectato Regno Palatinum.  
Pragam recepit,  
Subegit Bohemiam,  
Moraviam pacavit:  
In Hungaria Posonium, Tirnaviam,  
aliaque oppida,  
Regi suo asseruit:  
Denique dum ad Neosolium  
Infestam obsessorum eruptionem fortiter  
sustinens  
Equo, quem in hostem admiserat longius,  
trucidato,  
Ipse, sedecim vulneribus saucius,  
Lanceâque ad extremum confossus  
Non finem vitae suae,  
Sed melius & auctius quam apud  
Mantinaeam,  
Epaminondas,  
Initium reperit.     

ALTSOL.  
Is a Town lying upon the same River of Gran, lower than Newsol, betwixt it and the Town of Cremnitz.   

HERNGRUNDT.  
Is a little Town standing on a pretty high Ground, though it be betwixt two Hills. The place it stands on goes by the same Name, and is but a mile from Newsol.   

SCHEMNITZ.  
The biggest of all the Towns in Hungary, where there are Mines, and in it there is a great deal of Silver found daily. The Town is very well built, hath three fair Churches, and most part of the Inhabitants are Lutherans. It hath also three Castles; the first is the old Castle, that stands in the Town; where one may hear pretty pleasant Music, at six of the Clock in the morning, and six at night, which is performed by means of an Engine that they have found out. The second is the new Castle, built by a Lady, who caused the Gibbet that stood upon a Hill to be removed, and a stately Fabric to be erected in place of it. The third is upon the top of a very high Hill, where there is always a Sentinel to discover the approach of the Turks, and to give notice of it by firing a great Gun. The Streets lie upwards and downwards upon the side of the Hill, and all the Country is very uneven.   

CREMNITZ.  
This is but a very little Town, but hath large Suburbs, and stands on very high Ground. It is thought that St. John's Church, which is pretty near it, is built on the highest Ground of all Hungary: It is the ancientest of all the Towns where Mines are, and is also the richest of all the seven, which are called Schemnitz, Cremnitz, Newsol, Koninsbergs, Bochantz, Libeten, and Tiln.   

VIROVICHITZ.  
Lying before the Isle of St. Andrew, is a place in high Esteem, for the lovely Vines and good Grapes that grow there. Near it there is a demolished Stone Building, upon the side of the Isle of St. Andrew, where it is said, that heretofore there was a Stone Bridge.   

MAROS.  
Is on the other side of Vicegrad, near the Isle of St. Andrew. It hath a very lovely Church, and being a place that heretofore yielded voluntarily to the Turks, the Christians are not much tormented there; but only pay a yearly Tribute of very small Consequence.   

PEST.  
On the other side of the Danube towards the East, is the Town of Pest, that is square and seated in a very lovely Plain: it looks very pretty from Buda, because of its Walls and the Towers of its Mosques. It gives the Name to all the Country about, which therefore is called, Comitatus Pesthiensis, the County of Pest; for Hungary is divided into Counties as well as England. Betwixt this place and Buda there is a fair Bridge of Boats, at least half a mile over; it hath been taken and retaken, whereby it is much ruined, and the Town of Buda which is over against it standing on an Eminence, whereas this lies in a Plain, so commands it, that it can batter it down with great Guns; unless on the side of the Gate of Agria, which is covered by the Town. The Imperial Forces took it in the year 1684. when they invested Buda; but quitting that Siege they also abandoned Pest; though now in this present year 1686. they have again made themselves Masters of it.   

HADWAN.  
Lies upon the Zagywe to the North of Pest, and fortified with Earth, but not so as that the Turks repose great assurance on it: It was taken by the Christians in the year 1596. but afterwards abandoned to the Turks in the year 1603. and is not above six Leagues from Pest.  
To close up the Description of the Towns of Upper Hungary, I shall subjoin the Latin Epigram, made upon the Revolt of the Towns that espoused the Party of Teckely.   

EPIGRAMMA. In septem Superioris Hungariae Fortalitia Duce Teckelio Caesari Rebellantia.  
CAstrorum septem crudelis & impia tellus  
Quid Dominum contra perfida colla levas?  
Oblita es famulam, saltem te agnosce parentem:  
Hic tibi, ni Princeps esset, alumnus erat.  
Divitiisnè tumes? cecidit Campania dives.  
An populo? Marathon millia quanta premit.  
Sed tibi fortè animos perjurus proditor auget,  
Aspice quàm stultum stulta sequare Ducem.  
Sit licet ille ferox, & sit bellare peritus,  
Sit licet ille potens, improba causa sua est.  
Vincitur ut causâ, pariter vincetur & Armis,  
Bella placent justo non nisi justa Deo.    

CHAP. VII.  
Of the Towns of Lower Hungary.  

BUDA.  
BEfore the Turks invaded Hungary, the City of Buda was the Metropolis of the Kingdom; the Ancients called it Curta, and the Germans Offen.  
It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town, lying upon the side of a Hill, the Foot whereof is washed by the Danube, which at that place is above half a mile over: It hath a Bridge of Boats over it, that joins the City of Buda, to the little Town of Pest, lying on the opposite side. In Buda are to be seen the Ruins of several stately Palaces, built heretofore by Mathias Corvinus King of Hungary, and his Predecessors; which the Turks neglect, and let fall into decay.  
This is a large, fair, and well built Town, but ill peopled, and hath hardly any Inhabitants, but the Spahies and Janissaries of the Garrison, which is always very numerous.  
After the Death of John Zapol, Count of Scepus and Elba King of Hungary, his Widow Elisabeth of Poland and his Son Stephen, called in the Turks to their Assistance, against Ferdinand of Austria, who was elected King. The Germans besieged Buda, and the Turks having defeated them, made themselves Masters of the Town under pretext of Friendship, sending the Queen, her Son, and George Martinisius, who had been chief Minister to the late King, into Transilvania.  
This Town is the Residence of a Beglerbey, whose Authority extends over twenty Sangiacks. The Bassa of Buda hath more Authority than the others have, and the Garrison consists commonly of eight or ten Thousand Men. Some take it to be the Curta of Ptolemy, and others for the Aguincum of the Itinerary of Antonine. It is very hard to be positive as to that, and all that can be said are but Conjectures. But it is a Fable, that the Brother of Attila built it, and called it by his Name Budaeus: For that Brother of Attila was named Bleda, and not Budaeus, as the Fabulous pretend.  
Solyman rendered himself Master of Buda the 20eth. of August, 1526. and in the year 1527. Ferdinand I. King of Bohemia, Brother to the Emperor Charles V after the overthrow of Loüis the Young, in the Plain of Mohacz, was proclaimed King of Hungary, by Stephen Bathori Palatin of the Kingdom, and by the sounder part of the Nobility; John Zapoliha, Vaivod of Transilvania, having been before tumultuarily elected by the rest.  
The same year, Ferdinand made himselt Master of the greatest part of the Kingdom, and of Buda the Capital City, of which he made Thomas Nadasti Governor; until the year 1529. that Solyman took it by the Treachery of the Garrison, and shortly after laid siege to Vienna, which he was forced shamefully to raise, after he had made many B●oody Assaults.  
From whence, retreating to Buda, he reestablished John Vaivod of Transilvania in the Kingdom; having left in Buda, Gritti, a Renegado, with three Thousand Janissaries, to defend it in Name of the Vaivod.  
Afterwards Ferdinand King of Bohemia, made General Rogendorf besiege it, in the year 1530. but in vain.  
In the year 1540 he commanded his General Leonard Fessius to Besiege it a second time, having first possessed himself of the Forts of Vicegrad, Vaccia, and Pest; and John Zapoliha being dead the year before, who left for his Successor John Sigismond, a Pupil under the tuition of the Princess Isabel his Mother, and George Monck; but Fessius having there endured the fatigues of a long and troublesome Siege, was again obliged to draw off.  
In the year, 1541. General Rogendorf renewed the Siege again a Third time; but upon the coming of Solyman, he thought it best to retreat. In the mean time that Ottoman Prince surprised the Town by Cunning, drove the young Prince and his Mother out of it, and sent them to Reign in Transilvania, publishing that he would keep it until John Sigismond, the Son of John Zapoliha the Usurper, were of Age.  
In the year, 1542. the Marquis of Brandebourgh, made as if he intended to Besiege Buda, and in that design marched towards it. He attacked Pest, on his march, but in vain, and retreated without any success.  
The Count of Swartzenbourgh haing in the Month of March 1598. by a Wonderful Stratagem retaken Javarin, or Raab, from the Turks, marched the same year in the Month of October, under the Auspexes of the Archduke Mathias, and laid Siege to Buda, which after thirty days Attack he was forced to raise, because of the continual Rains: And it is remarkable, that the Turks, who at the same time Besieged the Town of Waradin in Transilvania, were likewise obliged to quit their Enterprise for the same Reason.  
The Christians again attacked that Town in the year 1602 under General Roswurm, but having ruined the Bridge ever the Danube, and possessed the Town of Pest, the Rigour of the Season obliged them to desist from their Design.  
The Duke of Lorraine Generalissimo of the Imperial Armies, attempted the Siege of the same place, having first made himself Master of the Castle of Vicegrad, Vaccia and Pest, and thrice defeated the Ottoman Army; but the Season being too far advanced, that he might not endanger the Army, he thought it convenient to raise the Siege in the Month of October, 1684.  

The Council of Buda.  
Philip Bishop of Fermo, of the holy See, being sent by Nicholas III. for treating some important Affairs with Ladislaus III. King of Hungary, in the year 1279. celebrated a Council at Buda; the Constitutions whereof to the Number of Thirty six, Oldericus Rainaldus hath put at the end of the 14. Tom of the Ecclesiastical Annals.  
Churches or Funf-Kerken, and some other places, burnt Siget, and besieged Canisa, which he would have infallibly taken, had the Succours that were promised him been sent to him. The Grand Visier having Intelligence of that siege, advanced with a great Army, made him raise it, and then took Fort Serini, which was afterwards demolished, little Gomorrah, and other Places.    

VICEGRAD.  
The Latins call it, Vissegradia, and the Germans, Plindenburg. It is a strong Town, built upon a very high Rock, the Danube running by the Foot of it, and lies above Buda, and below Strigonium. In this place there is a Castle, upon a little Hill, where the Abbey of Pily stands also. Heretofore the Crown of Hungary was kept there, that Town in former times having been the place of Residence of the Kings of Hungary; and the Remains of the Ruins of a very stately Building of Free Stone, are still to be seen there. The Forces of the Archduke Mathias, retook that place in the Reign of Mahomet III. But the Heydukes committed a piece of the greatest Treachery imaginable, and delivered it up into the hands of the Turks, in the time of Sultan Achmet. Charles King of Naples, who was also proclaimed King of Hungary, having been wounded in the Head by Forchatz, was carried into that Castle, where under pretext of applying a Plaster to his Head, they strangled him. The Crown of Hungary was heretofore kept at Vicegrad, but the Turks having advanced so far, it was thought safer to put it into the Castle of Presbourg. This Crown is of a pretty singular shape; for it is very low, and hath a Cross on the top with four leaves that go completely round it, of which one is as big as the other three, or at least, as two of them. It is infinitely esteemed by the Hungarians, because they believe that an Angel brought it to their King St. Stephen: and the most August Emperor Leopold, who reigns at present, is the two and fourtieth King that hath been crowned with that Crown.   

S. MARTINSBERG.  
Is a pretty handsome Town, and a very strong place, seated on the Top of a very high Hill, from whence all the Country about may be discovered. It lies betwixt the Fort of Raab, and the Town of Dotis.   

DOTIS.  
Dotis, Tata, or Theodata, is but four Leagues from Comora; it hath a Castle with Ditches round it, and not far from thence, there are some natural Baths. It lies betwixt S. Martinsberg and the Danube, hath been often taken and retaken, and belongs to his Imperial Majesty. The Count of Salms, General of the Imperial Army, took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Vesprim.   

VESPRIM.  
In Latin Vesprinium, and in High-Dutch Weisbrun, is a little pretty strong Town, lying near the head of the River Sarwis, and the Lake Balaton eleven Leagues from Strigonium, and five from Alba Regalis, being the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to Strigonium; it is the capital of the County of its Name, and hath a strong Castle upon the top of a little Hill, belonging to his Imperial Majesty. The Count of Salms took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Dotis.   

PAPA.  
A little Town, but strong, defended by a Castle, and lying in the County of Vesprim, upon the River of Malchaltz; it belongs to the Emperor.   

SARWAR.  
This place lies upon the Raab, betwixt Papa, and Sabaria, under Obedience to the Emperor, having been retaken in the year, 1567.   

SABARIA.  
Is an Ancient Town in the County of Iron Castle lying at the concourse of the two Rivers of Guntz, and Regnitz, before they fall into the Raab. This Town is affirmed to be the Native Town of St. Martin; and there are some who report, and others that believe, that the Famous Poet Ovid died and was Buried in this Town of Sabaria. They writ, that having been Seven years Banished at Tomos, near the Euxin Sea, he was afterwards recalled, and died at Sabaria, upon his return to Italy; where they say his Tomb was found in the year 1508. with this Epitaph, made by himself, and cut on the outside of a stately Vault.  


Fatum necessitatis lex.  
Hic situs est Vates, quem Divi Caesaris ira  
Augusti, Patriâ cedere jussit humo.  
Soepe miser voluit Patriis occumbere terris;  
Sed frustra, hunc illi fata dedêre locum.   
That's to say.  

Fate is a Law of necessity.  
Here lies the Poet, whom the Anger of Divine Caesar, obliged to leave his Country; often did he wish in his Misery that he might die in his own Country, but in vain; for the Fates have given him this for a Burying place.    
And about the year 1540 Isabel Queen of Hungary shown Peter Angelo Bargeo, a Silver Pen that Ovid made use of to write with; which not long before had been found amongst the Ancient Ruins of Tearunum, at present called Belgrade, at the mouth of the Save, that falls into the Danube, with these words Engraven round it: Ovidii Nasonis Calamus, which that Queen highly prised, and kept it as a Sacred thing.   

GRAN.  
This Town which is called Gran, Strigonium, or Ostrogon, lies on the Southside of the River of Gran, where it falls into the Danube. It is divided into the Upperr and Lower, Town both which are considerably strong and have good Walls. The lower Town commands the Danube, and St. Thomas his Hill is also very well fortified, because being close by the Town it might command it. In this Town there are excellent Natural Baths, that are not too hot. Heretofore it was the Metropolitan City of Hungary, and St. Stephen their first King was born in it; as Stephen III died there. The chief Ornaments of it are the great Church of St. Stephen, who lies buried in it, the Archbishop's Palace, and the Houses of other Canons: This Archbishop formerly put the Crown upon the King's Head the day of his Coronation. In the Upper Town there is a Rock, on which a very strong Castle is built. The Neighbouring Hills abound in Vines, and the Country about with Springs of hot water, so that by reason of the Fruitfulness of the Country, and the strength of the Town, the Kings of Hungary, in former times had their Palace and kept their Residence there: Hardly any place hath maintained so many Bloody Sieges. For John King of Hungary▪ Besieged it, but in vain; and he could not succeed in his Attempt. Solyman took it in the year, 1542. but the Count of Mansfield retook it, for the Archduke Mathias. It was once more Besieged in vain; but in Succession of time Sultan Achmet took it, by means of an infamous piece of Baseness, that the Christians who defended it committed; for having killed the Count of Dampierre the Governor, they surrendered the place to Alybeg General of the Turkish Army. The Town of Barckan, is exactly opposite to Gran, and there is a Bridge of Boats betwixt those two places. It was before that Fort, that the Armies of the Emperor and Poland gained the Battle against the Turks in the Month of October, 1683. when they Besieged and took the said Fort, and the Town of Gran also the 23. of the same Month, after they had gloriously raised the Siege of Vienna; which the Grand Vizier Kara Mustapha had laid to it, with the chief Forces of the Ottoman Empire, who were cut to pieces, and put to the rout there; and after that the City of Gran, for the space of 80. years had groaned under the yoke of the Turks. But the Barbarians, being impatient that such an important place should remain longer in the Hands of the Christians, endeavoured to regain it with an extraordinary strong Army, and laid Siege to it the 30th. of July, 1685. which they were forced to raise, with the loss of the Battle that followed after the 16th. of August, the same year.  

The Isle of Schut.  
This Isle, which the Latins call Insula Cituorum, called commonly Schut, and Comora, or rather Comara, from its most important place lying on the North-East point of the Island, that has that name, is Twelve Hungarian Leagues in length, and Five in breadth, Sixteen Hungarian making Twenty German Leagues. It contains about Three Hundred Villages, or Bourgs, and Fifteen Thousand Inhabitants. Its next best place to Comora, is Samaria or Samareyn, for which cause Munsterus says, that the Island is called Samaria, as well as Schythia and Camaron, meaning Schut and Comara. This Isle is made by the Danube, which dividing itself into four Branches below Presbourg, makes many lovely Isles, full of tall Trees, of which this is the chief; at the end whereof and below Comara the Danube unites all its Branches, of which that which comes from the Upper Hungary, is called Waag; and the River coming from the North falls into the Danube at this Island.    

RAAB or JAVARIN.  
A very strong Town situated where the Rivers of Raab and Rabuits, fall into the Danube, is the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to Gran, or Strigonium. The Germans call it Raab, the French Javarin, the Hungarians Gever, the Italians Giavarin, and the Latin Authors, Javarinum, Arabo and Harabo. The Fort was made by Ferdinand of Austria, King of Hungary, before he came to be Emperor in the year, 1550. and is one of the compleatest Strengths in Europe. It hath two Bridges, one on the side of Austria, and the other on the side of Alba Regalis, or Stael-Weissenbourgh, it is fortified with Seven Bastions, and hath Four high Mounts, from whence all the Country about may be discovered. The First is the Bastion, on which the Castle or Governors' Palace is built. The Second is upon the brink of the River of Danube. The Third stands upon the Holy Hill; and when the Turks blew it up, there was a Man upon it on Horse back, who was carried by the force of the Gunpowder into the Danube, without the least hurt either to Man or Horse. The Fourth is that in the middle, which looks Eastward into the Country. The Fifth is that which is called the New Bastion. The Sixth the Imperial Bastion. And the Seventh is that of Hungary, on the brink of the River of Raab. Here it was that the Turkish Governor was killed, when the Christians surprised the Town, in the night time. It is very near the Isle of Schut in a Plain that reaches out of sight, environed by a Branch of the Danube, and the River of Raab, which makes many to give it that name: And it would seem that nothing can be able to hurt it; unless it be a little Hill which is at a pretty good distance from it too, and might be blown up when they pleased, if there were occasion for it. Beyond it there is also a little Tower, in the middle of the Plain, from whence the approach of an Enemy, may easily be discovered. This Town may be near Three hundred paces in Circuit, and at each Angle of the Figure, there is a Cavalier which commands the Fortification faced with brick. Sinam Bassa besieged it in the Reign of Sultan Amurath III. He lost a great many men there, and Twelve thousand were killed in one Attack; but at length it rendered in the year 1591. by the Treachery of the Count of Hardeck, who was Governor of the place, for which base Action he had his Head struck off at Vienna. Some years after it was retaken by the Count of Swartszenbourg, and the Count of Palfy who surprised it in the night time, in the year 1606. under the Emperor Rodolph, and made a great slaughter of all the Turks that were in it: A piece of the Gate, which was broken down by a Petard, is still kept in the Cathedral Church, as the Instrument of the Victory; in memory whereof, the Town fires yearly all their Guns, and make a Solemn Procession. Whilst the Turks were Masters of that Town, they made a Dungeon for the Christian Prisoners, into which there enters no Light but through a Grate that looks to the Marketplace. But at present there are commonly Turks shut up in it, who beg the Charity of those that pass that way, and sell a kind of Whips, which they make in their wretched Confinement. George Drascovitz Bishop of that Town held a Synod there in the year 1579.  
The Emperor finding himself incommoded by the great number of Chiaus or Ordinary Envoys who came often to Vienna, from the Vizier of Buda, and never went back again without some Present, ordered for the future, that they should advance no farther than Raab, unless they had a Permission, and that they should receive their dispatches there. In consequence whereof there was in December, 1685. a Turkish Aga there named Aga Scelebi, waiting for the Emperor's Answer, from whom he came to beg a Peace.   

COMORA.  
Gomorrah, Crumenum, or Comaronium, is a very large fair Town, lying at the East-end of the Isle of Schut; it looks to the Danube, and Waag, and is very well fortified and peopled. The Fortifications of it have also been lately enlarged, and a great deal of ground taken in, by means of a Line drawn from the Waag to the Danube, and is fortified by four Bastions more.   

TORTOISE.  
Is reckoned a strong place, and has its Name from its Figure, which in some manner resembles a Tortoise. Sinan Bassa having taken the Town of Raab, besieged this place with Threescore Vessels, and a vast number of Turks and Tartars; but it was without success, and most part of the Tartars were killed there.   

PETRONEL.  
Betwixt Vienna and Presbourg, where the River of Mark falls into the Danube, lies the Town of Petronel, near the Hill, and Castle of Haimbourg. Petronel is thought to be the place that was anciently called Carnuntum, which was one of the strongest places of the Panonians, and in vain besieged by the Romans 170. years, before the Incarnation of our Saviour; who neverthe less, in Progres of time made themselves Masters of it under Augustus, that sent thither a Roman Colony, with the Forces which were called Legio decima Gemina, and Classis Istrica. It was enlarged so much afterward, that it became the chief City of the Upper Panonia, and contained all that lay on the South side of the Danube, where at present we see Haimbourg, Altenbourg, and St. Petronel.   

ALTENBOURG.  
Is a Town environned by the little River of Leytha, and near that small Branch of the Danube, which runs towards the Lower Hungary, eight Leagues from Presbourg. It was formerly an open Village; but it hath since been walled in by the Hungarians, who call it Ovar, that's to say, old Castle, which suits with the Germane name Altenbourg, that signifies an old Burrough. It is near to the West end of the Isle of Schut, and in the Hands of the Emperor, who in the year 1646. gave that Lordship to Nicholas Draskowitch, Count of Trukostian, at that time chosen Palatin of Hungary, that he might qualify him by that Dignity.   

SIGET.  
A strong Town lying on this side of the Drove, in the Wash of the River Alm, with a Citadel fortified by a triple Wall, and a triple Ditch: It is the chief Town of the County of that Name, and was taken by the Turks the seventh of September, 1566. after a brave defence made by Nicholas Esdrin Count of Serini, Great-Grandfather to Nicholas TWO, Knight of the Golden Fleece, who died in the year, 1664. and three days after, Solyman who besieged it departed this Life in the Town of Five-Churches, whither, falling sick in the Camp, he was carried. This Nicholas I. was that Great and Valiant Warrior, who after the taking of so many Towns, and gaining so many Battles, defended that great and important Place of Ziget, against the Turks with an undaunted Courage to the last; so that being no longer able to resist the formidable Efforts of that Barbarous Enemy, he made the last Sally with Prodigious Resolution, and amongst many Musket-shot which he received at the first discharge, one in the Head, laid him Dead on the Ground. The Barbarians having cut off his Head, sent it to Selim the Son of Solyman, who sent it to Mahomet Bassa, and he to the Bassa of Buda, who presently wrapped it up in a Cloth of Silk, and by two Boors sent it to the Emperor Maximilian in the Camp of Turn or Bregeto, and from thence it was carried by Balthasar Butschano to Tscacaturno, and there buried in St. Helen's Church, where Catharine de Frangipani his first Wife lay; this is the Epitaph upon his Tomb.  
Illustrissimo Comiti Nicolao Zerinio Torquati ex sorore nepoti, à Carolo V post Viennam obsidione solutam, quòd in ea Adolescens adhuc & Tyro multa praeclara confecisset, equo, auroque donato: Ad Budam & Peschtum pulchra per facinora summâ cum laude probato: Croatia, Dalmatiae, & Sclavoniae Bannato, Bavernicorumque Regalium in Pannonia Magisterio singulari cum prudentiâ functo: Copiis Caesaris ad dextrum Danubij latus à Ferdinando I. & Maximiliano II. Imperatoribus Praefecto: Victis saepissimè, fugatis, captis, caecisque hostibus: Infaustissimâ postremùm, funestissimâque Sigethi expugnatione, cujus arcem contra innumerabilem Solymanni Turcarum Principis exercitum, factâ eorum ingenti & memorabili strage, diutìus qum viribus par fuerat, defendit, defuncto ibidem Solymanno, totiùs Orbis flagello, pulcherrimè absumpto, bellicae gloriae fortissimo, invictissimoque Duci, de se publièque B. M. P. P.  
Vixit annos quadraginta octo: occubuit septimo Septembris, anno Virginei partus 1566.   

ALIUD.  
" Hostibus ut vidit diris & caedere fatis  
" Credita virtuti maenia celsa suae:  
" Servatae à me olim, nunc me servabitis," inquit,  
" Arces & pugnans Zrinius occubuit.  
" Imodo, te jacta quantum vis, Roma" Lyburnis  
" Et sunt quae mortem pectora despiciunt.   

FIVE CHURCHES.  
This Town hath a Bishopric Suffragan to Gran, or Strigonium; the Germans call it Funf-Kircken, the Hungarians Otegiazack, and the Latin Authors Quinque Ecclesiae. It lies upon the Rivulet called Kevirz close by the Drove, which five or six Leagues from that, falls into the Danube. Five Churches is a strong place Four Leagues from Siget, and in the hands of the Turks. Solyman II. took it in the year 1543, and afterward died in that Town, during the Siege of Siget in the year, 1566. which being so near, they had reason to say that he died in his Camp. The Valiant Count Nicholas Serini Second of that Name, burned this Town, and the Bridge of Esseck, in the year 1664. and shortly after signalised himself in a particular manner at the Battle of Raab, the Turks having ingenuously confessed, that the Terror of his Name was the cause of the gaining of that Battle. Not long after that brave Count ended his Life, in a very Tragical manner, for being separated from his Attendance, and engaged in the Thickets of a Wood, a Wild Boar enraged by the Wounds which it had received, fell upon him, and having hurt him in the Knee, threw him down. The Count had not the leisure to come to him again; for the violent Beast struck one of its Tusks into his Head, and gave him that Mortal wound, whereof he shortly after died in his Page's Arms. Such was the end of that Illustrious Captain, whom Death seemed to have respected amidst the greatest Dangers to which he daily exposed himself, and yet became a prey to an inconsiderable Beast. He was a sworn Enemy to the Mahometans, and had for them as implacable a Hatred as ever Hannibal had for the Romans. He was undaunted in Dangers, brave in Action, indefategable in Labour, Mild in Peace, and moderate in his Pleasures. He was very sober and took greatest pleasure in Hunting in the Woods, because it was an Exercise that resembled the Labours of War. He was a man of a profound and solid Judgement; and in a Word, one of the most zealous Defenders of the Christian Religion, whose Courage, Valour, and brave Actions, aught in History to procure him a place amongst the greatest Hero's. He died the 18th. of November, 1664. about the four and fortieth year of his Age, and his Body was Buried near to Sacathurne, the place of his Residence in Croatia, in the Chapel that hath been built in the same place of the Wood where he was killed, and all round the Chapel these words are to be read: Neque diem, neque horum scimus. The Chapel is full of all sorts of Trophies, Standards, and Colours, which that Noble Warrior took from the Turks. His Epitaph is in Leonin Verse.  
Fata, Leonini versus, deflete Serini,  
Magnus bellator fuit & Virtutis amator,  
Turcas prosternit, mortemque & vulnera spernit,  
Hic vitâ exemptus, crudeli est morte peremptus,  
Inter Apri ardentes, invenit funera dentes,  
Atque hoc augustum meruit sub marmore bustum   

ESSECK and its BRIDGE.  
The Town of Esseck or Osseck, is thought to be the Ancient Mursa, or at least it is not far from it. History will have it to be in this place, that Constantus Son to the Emperor Constantine defeated the Tyrant Magnentius in the year 359. This Town lies very low, and there are Trees growing in all the Streets. On one side of the Gate there is part of a Roman inscription, which gins thus: M. Aelian, etc. And on the other, the Head of a Maid on a Stone. There is a very pretty Dial there also, brought thither from Serinwar; and one of the finest pieces of Cannon that ever was seen in those parts: It is not upon a Carriage, as others are, but upon great beam of Wood This is a great and populous Town, there being in it at least five hundred shops, many Mosques and Haccars, which are large Inns for Travellers.  
But that which is most considerable, is the lovely Wooden Bridge, (not to be matched in the World) which was built by Solyman, in the year 1521. immediately after he took Belgrade, partly over the Drove, and partly over the River of Fenues close by, both which do often overflow. On this side the Drove it is about Eleven Hundred paces long, and on the other side almost Eight Thousand, all of good Oak. It is about Twelve yards broad, so that three Turkish Wagons, that are bigger than ours, can go a Breast upon it. The River of Drove is not broad at that place, and there are but sixteen Boats that support the Bridge with great Trees that make the Arches. All who well consider that Bridge, and the several Wooden Towers which are built upon it, with the vast number of Beams that were needful to uphold so great a Fabric, cannot sufficiently admire, how they could find Timber enough to build or to support it. The Brave Count Nicholas of Serini, Second of that Name, burned the part of the Bridge that is over the Drove in the year 1664. but in six Weeks time they made another Bridge of Boats, a little lower than the first. The Turks would not rebuild it in the same place, because the Piles that supported it, and that were under Water when the Fire was out, stuck so fast in the ground, that it would have cost them too much Trouble to get them out. Over this Bridge march all the Armies that come into Hungary, and here it was that the unfortunate King Loüis thought to have put a stop to the Turks, that were coming against him, under the Conduct of Solyman, in the year 1526. and indeed, if that Pass had been well defended at that time, it is probable Solyman might not so easily have marched forwards to Buda. Count Serini burned the part of the Bridge that was built over the Drove, to hinder the Grand Visier from receiving Succours from the other Counties of Turkey; and upon his return, he also  Five-Churches, that lies Westward from Esseck. Count Leslie, General of the Imperial Army, set fire again to the Bridge of Esseck, which for twelve hundred Paces length was immediately in a flame; at the same time he took the Town of Esseck, put all he met to the Sword, and having plundered it, and blown up the Magazine and Arsenal, that were full of Ammunition and Provisions, he put Fire to it, and reduced it to Ashes.   

WALPO.  
Is a Town lying upon a River of the same Name, which abounds in Fish. It was taken by the Turks in the year 1642. and retaken and sacked by Count Leslie, in the Month of August 1685.   

METRONIZA.  
Is a pretty neat Town, and big enough to be the place of a Fair. It lies upon the side of a Lake.   

CIRMIUM.  
This Town lying upon the River Bosneth, near the Save, into which it falls, is the chief Town of the Province of that Name, which is also called Schremnia, in the South part of Hungary, having been formerly a Bishop's Seat; it hath its Name from Sirmus King of the Tribals: This is the ancient Sirmium heretofore so Famous, which is at present so little esteemed. However, there grows excellent Wine about it, and in this Province, it is said, that the Emperor Probus planted Vines with his own hand, upon Mount-Almos or Arpataro. That Emperor was killed there by his own Soldiers, who were vexed that he kept them in so strict Discipline, and feared that they might be thought useless when that Prince had quelled all the Enemies of the Empire; but afterwards repenting what they had done, they made him this Epitaph.  
Hic probus Imperator  
Et verè probus situs est.  
Victor omnium gentium Barbarorum,  
Victor etiam Tyrannorum.  
That Emperor named Marcus Aurelius Probus, was the Son of a Peasant in Dalmatia, and was killed in the year 282. Many Roman Emperors have been in these parts, who were born, died, or signalised themselves by great Actions there. For not to speak of Trajan, Caracalla, Gallien, Constantius, and several others; the Emperor's Aurelian, Probus, and Gratian, were born at Sirmium, and Claudius Gothicus died there, or very near to that place. Jovian and Valentinian, were born in Pannonia, and in the time of Photinus Bishop of Sirmium, there was a general Council held in that Town.    

CHAP. VIII.  
Of the Rivers of Hungary, and their Description.  

THE DANUBE.  
THE Don or Donaw, by the Ancients called Danube, is the second River of Europe, both for Greatness and Force; its source is in Swabia, in the County of Fustemberg, where the Schwartzwald is, and the black Forest. It passes by Ulm, over against which it receives the Iler, which runs by Kempten, and near to Memminguen, it passes by Donawert, near which and on the other side of it, it receives the Lech, which runs by Ausbourg, and separates Swabia from Bavaria; near to Donawert, the Danube enters into Bavaria, where it leaves Newbourg to the right hand, Ingolstadt to the left; divides Bavaria from the Palatinat, from whence it receives the Nabe; passes under the Bridges of Ratisbonne and Siraubing, which are to the right; on the same side receives the Iler, which watereth Munick and Landshout, the Capitals of the upper and lower Dutchies of Bavaria, receives at Passaw the Inn, which comes from the Engadines amongst the Grisons, and crosses the County of Tirol, and there washes Inspruck, that has the first Bridge upon the Inn, than Halle, in Tirol, and Kufstain, etc. and gives to a part of the Town of Passaw the Name of Instat, the first Town of Inn. A little below Passaw the Danube enters Austria, and there watereth Lintz the Capital City of Austria; above Ens it receives the River of Ens, where the Town of Ens is, washes Crems in the middle Austria, and Vienna in the lower; Vienna and Lintz are on the right side Bank, and Crems on the left of the Danube. The Murau, which descends from Moravia, falls into the Danube between Austria and Hungary, where the Danube continuing its course, on the left hand washes Presbourg, the Capital City of the Upper Hungary, embraces the Isle of Schut, on the Borders whereof are Owar or Walkenbourg, and Gever or Javarin; and at the point of the Isle, Comora, all strong places, which for many years have stood it out against the Turks. The Danube having at Comora rejoined all its Branches, passes by Gran or Strigonium, runs betwixt Buda the ancient place of Residence of the Kings of Hungary, and Pest, embraces the Isse of Ratzenimarck; waters Colocz on the left, receives the Drove on the right, and over against the Isle of Erdewdy, the Teisse on the left, over against Salonkemen, the Save on the right, and below the confluence of the Save and Danube lies Belgrade, in a Situation that ought to be esteemed, seeing of the four Rivers that are near to it, the least runs above an hundred Leagues: Beyond Belgrade we have but little knowledge of the Danube, and from this place forwards the Ancients began to call it the Ister: On the right hand it receives all the Rivers, which descend from Servia and Bulgaria, and on the left those of Walachia and Moldavia, by seven Mouths it discharges itself into the greater or black Sea. The whole Length of its Course may be six hundred Leagues, to wit, two hundred in Germany, somewhat less in Hungary, and somewhat more from Hungary to the Black Sea.   

The TIBISQUE, and the BEDRACK.  
That great River towards the East called Tibiscus, or otherwise the Teisse, which hath its source in the Country of Maromorus, at the Foot of the Carpatian Hills, having received the Mariscus or Marisa with several other Rivers, discharges itself into the Danube, betwixt Waradin, St. Peter, and Belgrade. There are brought down this River great quantities of Salt Stones, dug out of several Mines in Hungary and Transilvania, which are also sent up the Danube as far as Presbourg. This River is reckoned the best in all Europe; nay, I may say, in all the World, for Fishing; so that the People of the Country say commonly, that there is nothing in that River but Water and Fish.  
The River of Bedrack, which falls into the Tibiscus not far from Tockay, is also so full of Fish, that in the Summer time when the water is low, the People say that the Fish make the River to swell: It is none of the smallest Rivers; for according to the Relation of those who have seen it, it is Thirty fathom broad, and Eighty eight and a half deep. But there is no good fishing in it with Nets, because the Channel of it is triangular. This great Fertility is attributed to the Communication that its Water hath with the salt Mines under Ground, which impregnates it with a Principle of Fecundity.   

The RAAB.  
The River Arabo or Raab is to the West, which hath its source in Stiria, and falls also into the Danube. It is a River in much esteem, because it receives the Lauffnitz, the Pica, the Guntz, and many other Rivers; but it is become more Famous by the defeat of the Turks, under the conduct of Achmet, who at that time was Grand Visie-, by the Imperial Army at St. Goddard near to that River.   

The DROVE.  
There is a very lovely River to the South, called the Drove, or the Drau, which having its head in the Country of Saltzburland, that is a part of the ancient Noricum, and running through the middle of Carinthia, falls at length into the Danube near to Erdoed, or the ancient Teutoburgium, after it hath run about an hundred Leagues. The River of Mure falls into it.   

The SAVE.  
On the same side also is the River of Sava or Sau, which is very broad, and having its source in Carinthia, falls into the Danube at Belgrade, after it hath run near an hundred Leagues, and been augmented by several considerable Rivers that fall into it. It seems to be a very pretty River at Carnodunum or Crainbourg, which is a neat Town near the head of it; but it is much enlarged in its Course: It makes some pretty Islands, as Metubaris to the West of the ancient Sirmium, and Sigestica or Sissex near Zagrabia, wherein there was heretofore a very strong and famous Town. The Water of the Danube seems to be whiter and more muddy than the Sau, and the Water of the Sau, blacker and clearer than the Danube.   

The GRAN and the WAAG.  
In the North of Hungary there are some Rivers also, which having their sources in the Carpathian Mountains, divide it from Poland; amongst others the River of Gran, which falls into the Danube, close by Strigonium or Gran; and the Waag or Vagus, which discharges itself into the same River, above Comara. Stuckius who is an Eye Witness says, that that River is no less than the Po in Italy: It is certain that at Freystadt, which is a Town about seventeen Leagues from the place, where it falls into the Danube, it is very broad, and has a fair Bridge there, the greatest part whereof was carried away by the Ice, in the year 1669. A great way above this Place, and nearer its source, there is another very fair Bridge at Trenschin.   

The SARVIZZA, WALPO, and BOSNETH.  
Besides all these great Rivers there are some others mentioned by Pliny which he calls Fluvii non ignobiles, no inconsiderable Rivers. By Jeni or Nova Palenka, runs the River of Sarviz za otherwise called Vrpanus▪ which hath its source close by Wesprin, and having run by Alba Regalis, makes a Triangle with Buda and Gran, and then falls into the Danube.  
By Walcover also runs the River of Walpo or Vulpanus, which hath its head above the Town of Walpo, that was taken by Solyman upon his March to Alba Regalis or Stoel-Weissenbourg.  
As to the River Bosneth or Bacuntus, it hath its source near Mount Arpataro or Almus, and falls into the River of Sau, near to the Ancient Sirmium that stands upon its bank.    

CHAP. IX.  
Of the Division of the Kingdom of Hungary, into Counties, and their Names.  
WE have said before, that the Kingdom of Hungary is divided into Counties as well as England is. These Counties are the parts of the Kingdom, which are called Provinces, and by the Greeks Monarchies, and the Lords who are Counts of them, have the jurisdiction therein; it having been for the more easy and exact Administration thereof, that the Hungarians thought fit to make that division. The Sovereignty of part of these Counties is at present lodged in his Imperial Majesty, as King of Hungary; and the other is usurped by the Turks: The Counties subject to the King of Hungary, are these that follow.  
Counties. Comitatus. Abanviver, Abanvivariensis. Aura, Arvensis. Barzod, Barzodiensis. Kalo, Bihoriensis. Bistricz, Bistricensis. Sarwar, Castriferrensis. Czepufs, Cepuziensis. Comara, Comariensis. Gewynar, Gevinariensis. Gewer, Javarensis. Gran, Strigoniensis. Lypzce, Liptoviensis. Marmarue, Marmaroviensis. Mauzon, Musoviensis. Neytracht, Nitriensis. Novigrad, Novigradensis. Peretzaz, Peregiensis. Poson, Posoniensis. Kreiss, Risiensis. Sellia, Saroniensis. Saroz, Sariensis. Semlyn, Selminiensis. Sopron, Soproniensis. Torna, Tornensis. Transchyn, Tranchiniensis. Ovar, Turocensis. Wa●asdin, Varasdiensis. Vesprim, Vesprimiensis. Ugoza, Ugoghensis. Ungwar, Ungensis. Zagrabia, Zagrabiensis. Zalawar, Zaladiensis. Zatmar, Zalmariensis. Zolnock, Zolnocensis. The Counties subdued by the Turks. Ekekes Feierwar, Albensis. Barananyvar, Baraniensis. Bars, Barsensis. Bath, Bathiensis. Bodrogh, Bodrogensis. Chanad, Chanadicensis. Chege, Zaboliensis. Hewecz, Hewesensis. Sag, Hontensis. Czongrad, Orodiensis. Peloycz, Pelysiensis. Pesth, Pesthensis. Posega, Posegiensis. Szygeth, Sigetensis. Zegzard, Simigiensis. Szerem, Sirmiensis. Temeswar, Temesvensis. Tolna, Tolnensis. Thurtur, Torantaliensis. Valpon. Valkoniensis.   

CHAP. X.  
The Estates of Hungary.  
THE Estates of Hungary consists of four Orders. 1. The Bishops and Clergy. 2. The Barons and Lords, amongst whom are comprehended the Palatin of Hungary, the Ban of Sclavonia, and the Hereditary Counts of Provinces. 3. The Gentry, whether they have Inheritances or not, and those newly ennobled by the Prince, for which the Patents ought to be presented in some of the Counties when they have their particular Meetings, for the holding of the Convention of the Estates. 4. The free and Royal Towns.  

In the Estate of the Clergy, which makes the first, are reckoned,  
The Archbishop of Gran, and his Suffragans, who are, 

The Bishop of Agria, Chancellor of Hungary.  
The Bishop of Nitra.  
The Bishop of Raab.  
The Bishop of Vaccia.  
The Bishop of Five-Churches.  
The Bishop of Vesprim, Chancellor to the Queen.    
The Archbishop of Colocza; whose Suffragans are: 

The Bishop of Zagrabia or Agram.  
The Bishop of Waradin.  
The Bishop of Szerem.  
The Bishop of Alba Julia in Transilvavania.  
The Bishop of Chenad.  
The Bishop of Bosne.  
The Bishop of Posega in Sclavonia.      

CHAP. XI.  

The chief Palatin Nobility of Hungary.  
BAthory Princes of Transilvania, Counts of Schepuse.  
Bothlen Falva, Counts of Schepuse.  
Bubeck of Pessevez.  
Budianis, Counts.  
Draskowich Counts of Tracosthian.  
Drugeth of Homonay.  
Esdrin Counts of Serini.  
Esterhazi, of Galanta, Counts of Frackno and Sopronia.  
Fergatz, Counts of Nograd, Saros and Sabol.  
Gara.  
Gareb, Counts of Windgradt.  
Hedervara.  
Illeshazi, Counts of Lipton, and Trinchin.  
Ilsua, Counts of Alba.  
Kaonth.  
Nadasti, Counts of Pochenedioz.  
Orsag of Guth.  
Palfy, Counts of Erdend.  
Pasman, Counts of Paves.  
Paszta.  
Poloch.  
Poth, Barons of Hederwara, Counts of Simigin.  
Privi, Counts of Viwar.  
Revay, Counts of Turocz.  
Rothal, Counts.  
Schasgotz, Counts.  
Seech, Counts of Seech.  
Teckely, Counts.  
Wesseleny of Hadad Counts of Muran, Comora, Pest, and Pilis.  
Zapolya, Counts of Scepuse.  
Zacky, Counts.   

The Counts and Barons who were at the Diet of 1660. at Presbourg, were of the following Families.  
Bastian.  
Balassa.  
Berchery.  
Bossangi.  
Bosckai.  
Beirber.  
Beringi.  
Chaki.  
Czobor.  
Caroli.  
Cikani.  
Druget.  
Dhomonaia.  
Drascowitz.  
Esterhasi.  
Erdoeidi.  
Forgach.  
Frangipani.  
Franczi.  
Herdewara.  
Horwaths.  
Horeski.  
Jakwich.  
Illeshasi.  
Keri.  
Klegowits.  
Kemeni.  
Kara.  
Kapi.  
Kolonisch.  
Konski.  
Kokarch.  
Listius.  
Lippa.  
Melith.  
Meggeri.  
Maitingi.  
Megisai.  
Malakosi.  
Nadasti.  
Niari.  
Nodani.  
Ozacki.  
Orchoci.  
Ostronsien.  
Palfi.  
Pasmani.  
Prengi.  
Pafkay.  
Petroci.  
Poloczi.  
Pongrato.  
Pongrangi.  
Petreo.  
Ragotski.  
Revai.  
Rothal.  
Schezi.  
Sekengi.  
Scengici.  
Szaniogh.  
Telegki.  
Weseleni.  
Wicay.  
Zichi.  
Zrin.  
Zahi.  
Zengchi.   
Some of these Families are extinct since the late Wars.   

CHAP. XII.  
Of the State of the Palatin of the Kingdom of Hungary, his Quality, Authority, and Pre-eminence, with a List of those who in this last Age have been Elected to that Office.  
THE chief Dignity of this Kingdom next to the King, is that of Palatin, who calls the Estates during an Interreigne, and who hath the first and most powerful voice in the Election of the King. He also decides the controversies that happen betwixt the King and his Subjects, since the Kings there are subject to the Laws, and must not Transgress them. He hath absolute Power in the Armies, so that he can punish and reward all, as he thinks good, and bestow as much Land as Twenty or Thirty men are able to Labour. He hath great Revenues, not only from the Salt-pits, but from other things also; and heretofore he had the Rents of the two Isles on the Coast of Dalmatia, which now are possessed by the Venetians. In short, so great is his Authority, that right or wrong the Hungarians obey his Will, and follow his Resolutions; and it is a Dignity that cannot be given to Strangers, but belongs only to the Hungarians, who many times oppose their King by means of that Magistrate. It is not an Hereditary but Elective Office. Here I shall mention those who in this last Age have been Chosen to that Dignity.  
1. Stephen Illishazi Count of Trenschin, Palatine of Hungary, chosen in the year 1601. died at Vienna the 26. of May 1609.  
2. George Turso Palatine of Hungary, chosen the Seventh of December, 1609.  
3. Sigismond Forgatz, of Guymes, 1619.  
4. Nicholas Count of Esterhazi of Galantha and Frakno, Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary, made Knight of the Golden Fleece, in the year 1628. Deceased in the year 1645.  
5. Nicholas Draskowich Count of Trakostyan, and of the County of Massovia, Gentleman of the Bed Chamber to his Imperial Majesty, in his Royal Court of Hungary, chosen Palatine in 1646. he died the Ninth of August 1648.  
6. Paul Palfi Count of Erbent, and Plaffenstein, Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary, was made Knight of the Golden Fleece in the year 1650. he died in 1654.  
7. Francis Count Wesselini of Hadad, Hereditary of Muran, Palatine of Hungary, made Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in the year 1662. he died in 1667.  
8. Paul Count of Esterhazi, Galantha, Frackno, and Sopronica, Palatine of Hungary, made Knight of the Golden Fleece, in the year 1682. Counsellor and Chamberlain to the Emperor in his Royal Court of Hungary, at present Palatine of that Kingdom.   

CHAP. XIII.  
Of the Arms of the Kingdom of Hungary, and in what manner the Kings have born them.  
THE Kingdom of Hungary bears Barry of eight pieces Argent and Gules. Prince Sigismond King of Bohemia having Married Mary Daughter and Heiress of Loüis of Hungary, was in right of her King of Hungary, and afterwards Emperor. He joined the Arms of Hungary and Bohemia, which he bore upon the Eagle of the Empire, empaling those of Hungary, with a double Cross of St. Stephen, which is preserved with his Coat of Arms and Sword, used in the Ceremony of the Coronation of these Kings. In his Coin of Gold there is a Reverse of the Globe of the Earth, Crowned with an Imperial Crown, which the Emperors at present place over their Arms.  
John and Mathias Corvinus, who were Kings after him, bore quarterly the Arms of Hungary, the Cross of St. Stephen; those of Dalmatia, and Bohemia, and upon all those, the Arms of Corvin. In this manner they have been found upon a Prayer Book in Velom, which belonged to Mathias Corvinus, and is kept in the Bibliotheke of the Vatican. On the first page they are disposed in this manner, quarterly. 1. Hungary, Barry Argent and Gules. 2. Gules a Cross double Argent placed upon a Tough of Earth vert, consisting of three little Hills. 3. Dalmatia, Azure three Leopards Heads couped and Crowned Or. 4. Bohemia, Gules, a Lion Argent his tail forked, nowed, and passed in Saltier, Crowned languid and Armed Or, upon all the Arms of Corvin, which is Or, a Crow conturned Sable, the head returning back to the right-hand, in his Beak a double long Cross placed in Bend. Loüis King of Hungary Knight of the Golden Fleece, Son of Ladislaus King of Hungary and Bohemia, bore quarterly the 1. and 4. Hungary, the 2. and 3. Bohemia, Gules a Lion Argent, with a double tail, languid, and Armed Or, upon these the Arms of Poland. The Helmet Crowned Or, and the crest an Eagle nascent.  
After them, this Kingdom entered into the House of Austria, which joined the Arms of both together. The Archduke's, who have born so many Quartering in their Escutcheons, have born a chief empaling Hungary and Bohemia. Ferdinand the Brother of Charles the Fifth, King of the Romans, and afterwards Emperor, bore a great Escutcheon quartered of Hungary and Bohemia; upon which he placed another less Escutcheon, quarterly upon the 1. Austria and Ancient Burgundy empaled. 2. Quarterly of Castille and Leon: Upon the 3. Arragon empaled with Sicily: Upon the 4. party per fess, Lorraine upon Brabant. Upon all another little Escutcheon empaling Gelder's and Juliers, two Lions confronting one another, the Eagle of the Empire was displayed behind the great Escutcheon encompassed with a Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece.  
Rodolph, II. during the Diet of Ausbourg, coined a piece of Silver or Medal, in the Middle whereof was the Eagle of the Empire Crowned with an Imperial Crown, and collered with an open Crown supporting an Escutcheon quarterly of Hungary and Bohemia, with another over all, empaleing Austria and Ancient Burgundy: About this Medal or Coin, instead of an Inscription, were Four and Twenty little Escutcheons of the Arms of Castillo, Leon, Arragon, Sicily, Granada, Carniola, Carinthia, Swabia, Cellembourgh, Braganza, the Mark of Sclavonia, Portuan, Habsbourg, Tyrol, Brabant, Flanders, Nybourg, Alsatia, Holland, the Mark of the Holy Empire, or Antwerp, Croatia, Sclavonia, and Dalmatia.  
One may judge how much in the progress of time, the Kings of Hungary enlarged their Country, not so much by what may be found in History, as by what is to be seen at their Coronation. For there are Twelve of the Chief of the Kingdom, who carry each of them a Banner, wherein are represented the Arms of Ten Provinces of that Kingdom, which are, 

Hungary.  
Dalmatia, Vert. Three Leopards Faces: Or.  
Croatia, Chequey Argent and Gules of Eight Ranges.  
Sclavonia: Or, a Cardinal's Cap Sable, bordered Gules, the Strings Pendant of the same.  
Galicia.  
Russia: Sables, a Portal open, with an Ascent of two Steps, Or.  
Servia.  
Bulgaria.  
Bosnia: Azure, an Arm armed Or, holding in the hand a Sword Argent, the point upwards.  
Ludormiria.     

CHAP. XIV.  
Of the Memorable Battles that have been fought in Hungary.  

ROMAN BATTLES.  
THE Inhabitants of Hungary have had in Ages past many Brushes with the Romans, and fought several Battles with them: that which was given in the Neighbourhood of Adom, a Town of the Lower Hungary, upon the Bank of the Danube, was one of the Bloodiest. The occasion of it was, that at that time the Romans came to Seize the Country under the Conduct of Mocrinus and Tetricus, but there they received an utter overthrow.  
Some time after the Inhabitants of Hungary having recollected their Forces, gave the Romans a Second Battle in the precincts of Solna, wherein they again obtained the Victory, and drove out the Romans, though they lost on their side above Forty thousand of their own Soldiers.   

THE BATTLE OF MOHACZ.  
THAT unhappy Battle, wherein Loüis King of Hungary lost his Life, was fought the 30th. of August 1526. in the plain of Mohacz, a little Town of the Lower Hungary upon the River called Carasse, close by the Danube, betwixt Botesk and Esseck. Solyman, Emperor of the Turks, being come into Hungary, with a powerful Army; the Chief Commanders of the Hungarian Army persuaded the young King, who being hardly Twenty years of Age, was much wanting in Conduct, and had not Forces sufficient to make head against the Turks, to give them Battle, without staying for the Succours that were to come to him from Transilvania: They were puffed up with their former Victories, and so swollen with a good Conceit of themselves, that they thought none were able to stand against them, and that their Reservedness might make the Hungarians entertain a bad opinion of the resolution of ●heir Army. The Event answered ●he rashness of that Counsel; for that lovely Army of the Hungarians, consist●ng of the best part of the Nobility, ●nd chief Forces of the Kingdom, was ●outed and cut in pieces: The King was ●ot killed in the Fight; but his Horse ●hrew him into a Mire, where he stuck, and died, after he had for a ●ong time fought Valiantly with the Barbarians on the other side of the Town. His Body was found two Months after the Battle, in the River ●f Czelepatuka, and was interred in ●he Buryingplace of the Kings, in the City of Alba Regalis. That unhappy defeat of the Christians, and that ●ictory of the Turks, occasioned in the sequel the loss of the chief part of the kingdom of Hungary: The Bishops themselves aswell as the rest of ●he Clergy, made it apparent in that Battle, that they were very good Soldiers for the common Cause of Christendom; for no fewer than six Bishops were killed in that fatal Overthrow, and amongst them Paul Tomorie Archbishop of Colocza, one of the chief who had advised the King to engage in that Battle: His Head was carried to Solyman, who called it a foolish Head, and incapable of giving its Master good Council. This is the Inscription that was made in memory of that fatal day.  
Ludovicus solo nomine secundus,  
Ad coronas natus, non formatus  
Diadema Hungaricum secundo, quarto aetatis Bohemicum,  
Ut Immaturus acquisivit.  
Ita maturè secum utrumque perdidit;  
Foelicior, si solus perire potuisset.  
Eandem tamen cum Rege fatalis urna sortem  
Experire coacta Hungaria,  
Ducenta suorum millia eodem luctu deploravit:  
Luctuosum praevisorum malorum initium,  
Lachrymabile futurorum dolorum argumentum.   

THE BATTLE OF S. GODDARD.  
THis Battle was fought the first of August, in the year, 1664. at St. Goddard, betwixt Kermin and Canisa, in the Lower Hungary. In this place, one half of the Turkish Army passed the River of Raab, to attack the Imperialists; but hardly were these Troops got over the River, when, without giving them time to entrench themselves, the Imperial Forces under the Command of General Montecuculi, being drawn up to receive them, forced them to fight, and utterly defeated the greatest part of the Turks; the rest betook themselves shamefully to flight, who crowding in great haste to re-pass the River, threw themselves headlong into the Water, and were carried away by the Stream; so that the Rapidity of the River, forcing along with it Men and Horses, they were drowned in the deepest places; it being certain that more perished in the Water, than by the Sword: And the Turks themselves acknowledged, that they lost many more Men, than the Gazettes of Europe mentioned. To which they added, that their Histories did not speak of so great and so shameful a Disgrace happened to the Ottoman Empire, since it had attained to so high a degree of Power, as that Disaster was. The Turks left above Eight Thousand Men upon the place, and the Glory of the day to the Imperialists, which was immediately followed by a Peace, that the Turks proposed, and greedily embraced; of which these were the Conditions.  

1. That Transilvania should continue within its ancient Limits, and with its ancient Privileges, under the Command of Prince Michael Abaffi.  
2. That the Emperor of Germany should have Liberty to fortify Gutta and Nitra.  
3. That the Turks should make no Innovation in the Regulation made for the Frontiers, as well of Hungary, as of the other Territories of the Emperor.  
4. That Abaffi should pay six hundred Thousand Crowns to the Port, for the Charges of the War.  
5. That all Acts of Hostility, betwixt the Emperor and Grand Signior, and their Subjects, should for ever cease.  
6. That the two Provinces of Zatmar, and Zaboli, given to Ragotzi for Life, should again return to his Imperial Majesty, and neither the Prince of Transilvania, nor the Grand Signior pretend any Right to them.  
7. That the strong Castle of Zechelhyd which revolted from the Emperor, should be demolished, because neither Party would renounce their Pretensions to so important a place.  
8. That Waradin and Newheusel should remain in the Possession of the Turks, who had carried them by their Arms.  
9 That for Confirmation of the Peace, the two Emperors should send Ambassadors to one another, with reciprocal Presents of equal value.    

THE BATTLE AND RELIEF OF VIENNA. The 12th. of September, 1683.  
Instead of a Description of that happy day; I shall here publish the Letter of the King of Poland, written in Latin, the Day after the Battle, to the Marquis of Grana, than Governor of the Netherlands, with the Translation thereof; nothing being more Authentic than the Contents of it.  
JOHN III. By the Grace of God, King of Poland, Great Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Massovia, Samogitia, Livonia, Kiovia, Volhinia, Podolia, Poldachia, Smalenscia, Severia, and Czernihovia.  

ILlust me. grate nobis dilecte. Vocati in subsidium periclitantis Viennae, lectis confestim militaribus Copiis quam angusti temporis spatio priùs viarum incommoda, distantiam loci, & ripas Danubij, demum cacumina montium & saltus sylvarum Viennensium superaverimus, famam distulisse non dubitamus. Nobis vel id Illustritati Vestrae referre placet, quòd sine injuria communis Christianorum solatij reticere non possumus. Deo auspice, Comite Serenissimorum Principum, Ducum, & Electorum Fortunâ, Christiani Exercitus, quorum nobis cuncti detulerant Imperium, die hesternâ in Campis praesentibus insignem & saeculis memorandam de Turcis, & Tartaris reportarunt Victoriam. Magnus quippe Turcarum Visirus integris Orientis & Hanni Crimensium superbus viribus, jam non Viennae duntaxat intra triduum (ni subventum fuisset) periturae, sed universae Christianitatis spem deglutiens, acie, & praelio unius diei coesus, atque fugatus est. Peditatus vulgò Janisseri, utpote tardior militia, aequalique cum Equestribus fugae insufficiens, in Castris deserta, & Victorum relicta discretioni. Castra ipsa longitudinem & latitudinem duorum ferè milliarium exaequantia, capta, Tormenta atque integra res tormentaria cum opimis spoliis in praemium victricium cessêre armorum. Vienna gravi obsidione, & extremis liberata periculis, suaque sedes reddita Caesari. Vlteriori Victoriae mox metam posuit, ac turpi fugâ sese recipienti hoste terrore panico in Pannoniam monstrante viam, umbra fuit beneficium. Insidet nihilominus tergo illius levior nostra militia; deficientesque in viâ partim caedit; partim in captivitatem abducit. Porrò & ipsi in Dei nomine eidem insistimus victoriae, non priùs destituri, donec, si ita propitiis visum fuerit Superis, hostili in terra armis Christianis stativa pateant hyberna. Tali itaque rerum Ottomanicarum sub-secutâ confusione, si quidpiam aliquando Europae vires ubique promptis accinctae armis dignum Christiano nomine auder● contendant, nunquam opportuniora rerum momenta praesentibus nancisci poterunt; Si namque ad clangorem memoratae Victoriae, vel levis armorum terrâ marique succedat ostentatio, proculdubio gemens sub tyrannide Graecia, ac ipsa Constantinopolis perfido recalcitraret Domino, ad suasque respiceret origines. Idem de Epiro, Macedoniâ, Bosniâ, Bulgariâ, Dalmatiâ, Valachiâ, Moldaviâ, aliisque Regnis & Provinciis raptis credendum, prout non levia praemissorum habemus indicia: fortè jam & illam continuam rerum humanarum Mahometano Imperio superesse vicissitudinem, ut postquam ab exiguis profectum initiis eò creverit, ut magnitudine suâ laboret, rursus vertente fato & volubilis fortunae rotâ aliò inclinante, ad sua devolvatur principia & ubi satis in altum surrexerit, lapsu graviori ru at: Sed his omnibus supremo Imperiorum Regnorumque Arbitrio relictis. De Illustritate Vestrâ omnino persuasi sumus, habere illam tantum pietatis & generosissimae mentis in res Christianas, ut non solùm felicibus hisce congaudeat successibus, sed eos communes sibi aliquando faciat, nullasque ad mutua Christianitatis incommoda intermittat occasiones. Quod dum profundissimis ingeminamus desideriis, optimam Illustritati Vestrae cum prospero rerum successu precamur valetudinem. Dabatur in Castris Turcicis in Tentoriis Visiriis ad Viennam die 13. mensis Septemb. anno Dom. 1683. Regni nostri X. Anno.   

MOST Illustrious Lord, and most dear to us. Being called to the relief of Vienna, which was in danger of being lost, we make no doubt, but that you have been informed by the common Report, in how short a time, notwithstanding the difficulties and length of the way, we came to the Banks of the Danube, surmounted the tops of Mountains, and crossed the Forests of Vienna, with Forces that we raised in diligence; but with Pleasure now we acquaint your Illustrious Lordship with that which we cannot conceal without prejudice to the common Consolation of Christendom. Know then that Yesterday the Christian Armies, the command whereof was by all given to us, fight under the Protection of God; and assisted by the good Fortune of the Princes, ann Dukes and Electors, obtained in the Camp where we are, a signal Victory and Memorable to all posterity, over the Turks and Tartars. For the Grand Visier of the Turks proud with the Forces of all the East and of the Crim Tartars, and thinking of nothing less than swallowing up not only Vienna, which in three days space must have perished (had it not been relieved) but also all Christendom, is in one days fight overthrown and put to flight. The Infantry, whom they call Janissaries, not being able to fly so nimbly as the Horse, seeing they are slower and more pestered, were left in the Camp, and abandoned to the discretion of the Victorious. Their Camp, which took up near two Germane miles in length, and as much in breadth, was taken, their Cannon, Ammunition, with rich spoils became the reward of the victorious Armies. Vienna is relieved from a dreadful Siege, and imminent dangers, and the Emperor again restored to the place of his Residence. The Night put a stop to the course of the Victory, and Darkness favoured the Ignominious flight of the Enemy, who smitten with a Panic Fear is retreated towards Hungary. Our Light Horse, nevertheless pursue them at the Heels, and kill or make Prisoners all whom they overtake in the way. We, moreover, in the name of God pursue the same Victory, being resolved not to desist, until (if kind Heaven so think fit) we have opened for the Christian Armies Winter quarters in the Enemy's Country. And such at present is the Confus●on of the Ottoman Affairs, that if the Princes of Europe, will speedily Arm and undertake somewhat worthy of the Christian Name, a more favourable Juncture than this can never be offered unto them; for if the News of this Victory were seconded by some show of arming by Land and by Sea, there is no doubt but Greece, that groans under the Tyranny of an Usurper, and Constantinople itself would revolt from their perfidious Master, and endeavour to recover their pristine-Liberty. Upon no slight grounds we may assert the same thing of Epyrus, Macedonia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Dalmatia, Valachia, Moldavia, and other Kingdoms and Provinces that have been subdued by the Turks. Perhaps, also the Mahometan Empire, may now have a trial of the vicissitude of Humane Affairs, and from small Beginnings being grown so great, that it labours under its own weight, by a change of Fate and a turn of the Wheel of fickle Fortune, it may relapse into its Original, and from so high an Elevation have a greater fall. But all these things are to be left to the supreme Will and Pleasure of Empires and Kingdoms. As for your Illustrious Lordship, we are fully persuaded that you have so great Piety and such Generous Inclinations towards the concerns of Christianity, that you will not only congratulate these happy successes; but one day also contribute to the promoting of the same, and omit no Occasion of furthering the advantage of Christendom. This we desire from the bottom of our Heart, praying God to give your Illustrious Lordship perfect health and all sort of Prosperity. From the Tent of the Grand Visier, in the Turkish Camp before Vienna the 13. Septemb. 1683. and the Tenth Year of our Reign.   
Upon occasion of this great Victory, the following Chronogram was published.  aVstrIaCo aVXILIVM DeVS. 
And it was the Subject of a Medal, which was made representing a double spread Eagle upon the Globe of the World looking to the Sun, with this Inscription, Colliget Auxilii radios, and having in its Talons a Sword and Sceptre: About the Globe was this Motto, Sub umbrâ alarum tuarum, and underneath this, the Crescent reversed, with this Hemistich, Victamque redegit in umbras. And in the circumference of the Medal, this Verse: Imperii murum Austriaco interponit inorbe.  
On the Reverse these Words were engraven.  
1683.  
Die 14. Julii  
Vienna Austriae  
A Turcis obsessa,  
Sed Protectore altissimo,  
Leopoldi Imperatoris industriae consilio,  
Regis Poloniae Joannis III.  
Presentis valido Auxilio.  
On the one side was Written. 
In Perso. Seren. Electoris Bavari, Saxon:  
Et Imperi subsidio Comit. Caplieres Deput. Praesidente.   
And on the other: Deuce Lotharingio Caesaris locum tenente Generali, Comite Starembergio Viennae.  
And underneath all these Writings was what follows: 
Viennensium denique Universitatis Senatus,  
Officialium, Civium ac incolarum concordi obsequio, ab obsidione  
Profligato hoste eodem Anno  
Die 12. Septembris liberata.   
There were many Sonnets made upon the same Subject in Vulgar Languages to the Honour of the King of Poland; but that which was made on him in Latin, very well deserves a place here.  

JOANNI SOBIESCO.  

DOminatione Polonico, Lutuanico;  
Liberatione Austriaco, Pannonico;  
Profligatione Ottomanico, Turcico;  
Religione Christianissimo;  
Pietate Catholico;  
Zelo, & obsequio Apostolico.  
Inter Reges sapientissimo,  
Inter Duces praestantissimo,  
Inter Imperatores, citra fabulas,  
Solo nomine tremebundo,  
Solo nomine Hostes profliganti.   

CUI  
Gloria militaris Regnum peperit,  
Clementia firmavit,  
Meritum perenabit.   

QUI  
Raro probitatis & constantiae exemplo,  
Propria deserens, aliena defendens,  
Docuit quo pacto sancta Jura foederum  
Ineantur, excolantur, perficiantur.  
Ottomanicam lunam fulgentissimo  
Crucis vexillo  
Aeternam eclypsim minitant●m,  
Ita properè fortiterque à Christianorum finibus eliminavit,  
Ut unum, idemque fuerit  
Venisse, vidisse & vicisse.  
Inter innumeros igitur Christiani orbis plausus,  
Inter vindicatae Religionis & Imperii Laetitiam,  
Inter cruentatae lunae extrema deliquia,  
Agnoscant praesentes, fateantur posteri,  
Non tantum enascenti Evangelio quo promulgaretur,  
Sed etiam promulgato ne profligaretur,  
Utrobique fuisse hominem à Deo missum  
Cui nomen erat Joannes.    
Now this happy Victory and Relief of Vienna, is so much the more to be prised, that it is certain, according to the List which was afterwards found in the Grand Viziers' Tent, that the Army of the Turks which Besieged it, consisted of 191800. men, and the Christian Army only of 81600. The great Standard, the Horse's Tail, and the Grand Viziers own Horse were taken by the Poles, who obstinately pursued them in their Retreat, and there was much booty found in the Turkish Camp, which was wholly plundered even to the Tent of the Grand Vizier, where they found great Riches in Gold, Silver, and other precious things: All their Artillery, which consisted of above an hundred pieces of Cannon, was also gained with store of Ammunition.  
The great Standard we mentioned before, was carried before the King of Poland, when he made his entry into Vienna, immediately after it was Relieved, and was sent presently by that King to the Pope. On the one side of it was this Inscription, We prophesy to you prosperity and good Success, God Pardon your Sins, and grant you all his grace.  
And on the other side. God Assist and Bless you, and dwell in the Hearts of Believers, that the purity of the Faith may increase therein. Besides him there is no other God, and Mahomet is his Prophet.  
It will not be amiss here to insert the List of the great Lords, who besides the Imperialists, were present at that Battle; of whom the Names follow, 

The King of Poland.  
Prince Alexander his Son.  
The Elector of Bavaria.  
The Elector of Saxony.  
The Duke of Lorraine.  
Prince Waldeck.  
Two Marquesses of Baden.  
Four Dukes of Saxony.  
Three Dukes of Wittenberg.  
The Prince of Anhalt.  
The Duke of Croy.  
The Prince of Salms.  
Two Dukes of Neubourgh.  
The Marquis of Barreit.  
The Prince of Hannover.  
The Prince Lubomirski.  
The Prince of Savoy.  
The Prince of Hogen Zoller.    
And since the King of Poland had so great a Hand in this Victory, I hope the Curious will not be dissatisfied, to see the League offensive and defensive, which was happily made and concluded in the Month of April, 1683. betwixt their Imperial and Polonian Majesties, of which the substance follows:  
1. There shall be only an Alliance defensive betwixt the two high Contractors; but against the Turks there shall be also an Alliance offensive, which shall last until both Parties find themselves in Rest and good Security.  
2. This Alliance shall be Sworn and Sacredly confirmed by Oath, in presence of the Pope, by the two Cardinals Pio and Barberino, aswell in name of his Imperial Majesty, as of his Majesty of Poland, and of his States.  
3. His Imperial Majesty renounces all pretensions for the Charges he hath been at, for the good of the Republic of Poland, during the late War of Sweden, and the Diploma de Electione Regis shall be given back and annulled.  
4. On the other hand the Crown and Republic of Poland renounces all pretensions it can have against the House of Austria.  
5. The one shall not make a separate Peace, without the consent of the other.  
6. The Heirs of the two parties and Successors in the Government, shall be obliged to observe this Alliance.  
7. This only is to be understood of a War against the Turks, and not of any other.  
8. His Imperial Majesty declares, that he will entertain 60000. men, whereof he will send 40000. into the Fields, and keep the other 20000. in Garrisons.  
9 His Polonian Majesty offers to bring 40000. men into the Fields under his own command.  
10. To the end the Preparations of War may be the sooner in readiness, His Imperial Majesty promises by Anticipation to remit 200000. Crowns to the Crown of Poland, on condition that that sum be raised out of the Tenth of the Pope in the Kingdom of Poland, which he hath granted for that effect.  
11. His Imperial Majesty shall be obliged to recover the places that he hath lost in Hungary. The Poles in like manner shall be obliged to regain theirs in Podolia, Walachia, and the ukrain, and to act against Teckely with 6000. men.  
12. Other Christian Kings and Potentats may be also received into this Alliance; but not without the mutual consent of both Parties, and above all the two Czars of Muscovy shall be earnestly entreated to enter into it.  
I cannot conclude this Chapter, without calling to mind a pretty Emblem made upon occasion of this Victory, by a young Prince, who reckons Emperors amongst his Ancestors: The Emblem represents a Turk pitching a Net to surprise and catch the Eagle; but who wandering and engaging too far in his own Toil, became himself therein the prey of the Eagle, with this Inscription: Qui captat, capitur, or Turca à capiendis captus.  
Turca parans Aquilae insidias ac retia tendens  
In somnis nuper visus adesse mihi.  
O miseram! mecum tacitus, te funera, dixi,  
Quae maneant, nescis, quo malè cauta volas?  
Interea in casses tendebat rectà volatu,  
Tollere jam praedam, praedo parabat ovans.  
Unguibus at contrà volucris (mirabile visu)  
Tendentem insidias insidiasque tulit.  
Sic raptus raptor, factus sic latro, rapina,  
Praedonemque putans se fore, praeda fuit,   

THE BATTLE OR DEFEAT OF THE TURKS NEAR PRESBOURG.  
THE Turks who were before Vienna, in the year 1683. finding it difficult to bring their Provisions and Ammunition from the City of Buda, to the place where they were on the side of the Danube; because the Garrisons of Raab and Comora way laid all their Convoys, and much annoyed them; the Grand Visier sent orders to Bassa Husani, to join Count Teckely with some Troops, who was on the other side of the Danube, near the River of Waag, and to endeavour to make himself Master of the City of Presbourg, to the end they might have the passage of the Danube free, make a Bridge of Boats over it, and be provided of all things on that side. The thing was well undertaken; for Twenty thousand of their Men marched towards that Town: But the Duke of Lorraine, who at that time resolved to increase his Army with the Regiments of Gran and Baden, which were in Raab, and were not so necessary there, seeing the Turks had Besieged Vienna, and who therefore had drawn near to Presbourg, to secure that Town from the attempts of the Turks; having had notice of it, sent immediately against them Prince Lovis of Baden (who that day commanded the Vanguard) with some Squadrons of Prince Lubomirski's men, and the Two Regiments of Palfi and Styrum, who at first charged Teckely's men in such a manner, that presently they betook themselves to flight. The Turks made a little longer Resistance; but at length also they were forced to give ground with the loss of Eight hundred of their Men, and a considerable Aga. The Imperialists gained there a Thousand Wagons with Baggage; and certainly it was a lucky Hit for them to have beat the Enemy at that time, because if they had delayed but one day longer, Presbourg had been lost, seeing those within had promised to render next day to Teckely, and to furnish him with all that was necessary for the Bridge of Boats: whereas the Imperialists thereby not only preserved that Town, whither soon after they sent Six hundred men to reinforce the Garrison; but also hindered the passage of the Danube, and the means of providing the Army before Vienna with necessaries; besides that they also ruined the Boats which Count Teckely and the Turks had gathered together for making a Bridge: These last retreated towards the River of Waag, from whence Count Teckely wrote a Letter, to Justify himself to the Grand Visier, which was intercepted by the Imperialists.   

THE BATTLE OF BARKAN.  
THE Generals of the Christian Armies, on the 10th. of October, 1683. advanced towards Barkan (the Poles on that occasion being on the left Wing;) the Turks seeing them approach, fell upon them with a dreadful Shout, and chief upon the left Wing, commanded by the Lord High Marshal of Poland Jablanowisky, who having the former Victory in his thoughts, charged the Turks so furiously, that he constrained them to give ground; but the Duke of Lorraine with the Cavalry of the right Wing, broke in upon them, with so great Impetuosity, that he put them entirely to the Flight. Afterwards some Regiments were commanded out to pursue the Turks, who fled, and by them were driven partly in a Marish, and partly into the Danube; because the Bridge, betwixt Barkan and Gran, broke in the middle, so that most of them fell into the River, and were drowned, and the rest who saved themselves in the Marish were killed, seeing in the first heat they gave the Turks no Quarters; and it was not till towards the end that they took a Thousand Prisoners, amongst whom was the Bassa of Silistria. Prince Loüis of Baden signalised himself on this occasion, and was by his Conduct the chief cause of the Victory, because the Imperial Cavalry acted all along without the Foot. The Christians gained all the Colours, Tents, Cannon, Baggage, and in a word, all that was in the Camp of the Turks, besides a Thousand Horses that they made booty of. There are various Relations of the loss that the Turks suffered in this Fight; some will have it that being Thirteen thousand strong before the Defeat, they saved but Three or Four Thousand at most, and amongst those the Bassa of Mesopotamia who Commanded them; all the rest, who were the Choice of the Turkish Army, being either killed or taken. However it be, the Waters of the Danube were died with their Blood; this Fight lasted about five hours.  
From thence the Imperalists advanced towards Barkan, and Battered that place so violently with great and small Shot, that presently they in the Town beat a Parley, which being granted them, the Imperialists entered the place; but shortly after a Fire happening in it, this little Hold was burnt down, and no body could tell how the Fire happened. This Victory was followed by the taking of Gran, which surrendered the 27th. of October, after four days Siege: These were the Articles of Capitulation;  
1. All the Cannon, Mortars, Ammunition, Magazines, and other Arms shall remain in the Fort, except what is hereafter specified.  
2. The Garrison shall have leave to provide themselves of Bread and Meat for two days, and to carry with them all their Coffee, Sharbet,  and other Movables.  
3 His Highness of Lorraine shall furnish the Garrison a certain Number of Wagons, to carry their Goods to the Water, to be Transported downwards.  
4. Some Boats shall also be given to the said Garrison, to be made use of for transporting their Effects; and if they cannot carry them off all at once, they may send for them at several times.  
5. That if the afore said Baggage cannot be Transported all at once, the Garrison may put what is left behind into some Houses of the Lower Town, which shall be kept by some of their Men, that all the rest may honestly and without Let or Molestation follow after.  
6. Since the Boat-men cannot be spared at present, the Garrison shall be obliged to make use of their own men, to go down and up the River with the Boats.  
7. The  Articles being granted to the Garrison, the Gate of the Castle shall immediately be opened to the Imperial Troops, that they may take their Post there, and so soon as the aforesaid Wagons and Boats shall be ready, the Garrison of the Fort of Gran, that is to say, they who are capable to bear Arms, shall march out all at once.  
8. All the Christian Prisoners in the Castle shall be released.  
9 Lastly, the Garrison may freely march out, as hath been said, with their Wives and Children, Arms and Baggage, Horses and Camels, observing the Condition's , in the manner as they are expressed.  
In consequence of this Capitulation, the Prince of Alepah of Syria, Commander in Gran, and Bassa of Nicopolis, and Samson Bassa Colonel of the Janissaries, marched out of the place with Five hundred Men carrying Arms to go to Offen; whereupon the Duke of Lorraine, made Governor of Gran Colonel Calowith Governor of the Castle of Presbourg, with a Garrison of 1000 Imperial Soldiers, and some Hundreds of Hussars.   

THE BATTLE OF GRAN.  
AUgust the 16. 1685. The Dukes of Lorraine and Bavaria raised the Siege that the Turks had laid down before Gran, and then engaged the Barbarians, to the number of Fifty or Sixty Thousand men, gave them a total Rout, and obliged them to abandon their Camp and Baggage; which Victory Three days after was followed with the taking of Newheusel.  
It will not be improper, I think, in this place to insert the Letter which about that time, the Serasquier Ibrahim Bassa wrote to his Highness the Duke of Lorraine, which he sent by the Deftedar of the Timmariot's Achmet Desquelebi by the Advice of the Grand Signior, the Contents whereof are word for word as follows.  

To our good Friend the Duke of Lorraine, Generalissimo of the Armies of the Emperor of the Germans, Greeting:  
We let you know as a good Friend, that Achmet Desquelebi Deftedar, or Commissary of Newheusel, hath reported that we your Friend, aught to send you Letters, to which you might give Credit, if we desire to see a Negotiation for Peace: It is for that Cause that the present are Written and sent to you; and seeing we your Friends desire for the service of the Creatures of God, that means of Tranquillity might be found out for the Subjects of both Parties, what we say to you and beseech, as well as what we shall do (in pursuance of our Word) hath been approved (for so is the Will of God) by the Majesty of our resplendent, Omnipotent, and formidable Emperor and King of the Superfice of the Earth; wherefore we send you this Man, to whom we have entrusted some things to be told you by word of Mouth, to the end you may be pleased to send us a trusty Man on your part, to endeavour a Peace, it is hoped we may come to a Conference; whereupon Farewell. Given in the Camp at Pest:  
Signed, IBRAHIM.     

CHAP. XV.  
Of the Ceremonies observed in the Coronations of the Kings and Queens of Hungary.  
AFter all necessary Preparations have been made for the Solemnity of the Coronation, the Ceremonies of it are performed in this manner: In the first place, an Election is made of those who are to go and fetch the Crown, Sceptre, Globe, representing the World, Sword, Coat of Arms, the Royal Habits, and Cross, in the City of Presbourg, where they are kept, with the Standards of the Kingdom. They discharge this Duty, and carry them to the Church. The Palatin takes the Crown, and places it on the right side of the Altar, where the Archbishop of Strigonium says Mass; the Prelates sit about the Steps of the Altar, and some of them lead the King from the Throne to the Altar, or from the Altar to his Seat; the rest serve for some other Action of the Coronation. The King's Throne decked with Cloth of Gold, is pretty near the Altar, and opposite to the middle of it, having over it a Cloth of State, of the same Stuff as that of the Seat. The King knelt first upon the Steps of the Altar, and Kisses the Cross, which the Archbishop of Strigonium presents to him; then takes the Oath contained in the Roman Pontifical, saying the Words after the Archbishop, and laying his Right hand on the Gospel, with Eyes lifted up to Heaven, as if he called God to witness. After the Oath, he is anointed by the Archbishop on the right Arm near the Elbow, and betwixt the two Shoulders: Then being clothed with the Coat of Arms of King St. Stephen, he receives from the same Archbishop, the naked Cutlass of the same Saint, then gives it back to the Archbishop, who returns it into the Scabbard, and then girds it to his side. That being done, the King turned towards the Altar, as Defender of the Altars, Religion, and the Church, draws the Sword out of the Scabbard, and brandishing it three ways in the Air gives so many blows; then the Archbishop taking the Crown, gives it to the Palatin, who holding it up on high with both his Hands, and being upon the Steps of the Altar, asks aloud all that are present, if they would have him Crowned for their King, and having three times put the same question unto them, upon their answering in the Affirmative, he is crowned, and receives from the Archbishop the Sceptre in the right hand, the Globe in the left, and all the marks of Royal Dignity: After that he sits down on the Throne, as taking Possession of the Kingdom. Then all the Hungarians make loud Shouts and Acclamations, wishing the King a long and prosperous Reign, and at the same time, the Vocal and Instrumental Music, the Trumpets, Drums, and Cannon, mingle their noise with the confused Voices. Mass being said, and the Streets, through which the King is to go, being Boarded and covered with White, Green, and Red Cloth, the King walks from the Church, where he was, to another, wearing the Crown and Coat of Arms, some carrying before him the Royal Ornaments and Standards, and a great many others walking before and after him. At the same time pieces of Gold and Silver are scattered among the People, in all the Streets through which the King passes, who coming to the other Church, sits down on the Royal Throne erected there, and makes some Knights, striking them thrice on the Back with the naked Sword of St. Stephen, as they are kneeling before him. This being done, he comes out of the Church, and mounting on Horse back, with the Crown and Coat of Arms, having the same persons on Horseback, who walked before or followed him on foot, as he came in the same Order he goes out of the Town, and alighting, with the Archbishop of Strigonium mounts up upon a Theatre, where lifting up the Right hand he takes an Oath to the Hungarians to maintain the Privileges of the Nobility, do Justice to all, observe the Laws of the Kingdom, and procure the good of the Public.  
In the mean time all are uncovered, and when he hath taken the Oath, all again shout, and amidst the noise of great Guns wish him all sort of Prosperity. Afterwards he mounts a stately and well-managed Horse, and spurs him towards an adjoining ground, where putting him upon the Carrier, and drawing the Sword of St. Stephen, he makes in form of a Cross, four strokes in the Air, turning his Horse very nimbly, as threatening the four Corners of the World, and then there is nothing to be heard but Volleys of great Guns. After this the new King putting his Horse to a Walk, draws near the Lords who are Spectators, and with them goes to his Palace, where he feasts them, sitting at Table with his Crown and Coat of Arms, and being served by some Barons and Grandees of the Kingdom, appointed for that Office; and when Dinner is over, they who have the charge of the Crown, and Royal Ornaments carry them back to their place.  
Now to show you the Ceremonies of the Coronation of the Queens of Hungary, I'll give you here an Abridgement of what past when the present Empress Anna Maria of Bavaria Palatiness of Newbourg was Crowned Queen of Hungary in the Town of Edimbourg in the year 1681. The Emperor in his Imperial Habits, and the Domestic Crown of the Empire on his Head, went with his Attendants to the Church of the Recollets, where he was received and sprinkled with Holy Water by the Clergy of Hungary.  
The Train of the Empress came after, before whom Count John Draskowich walked with the Sceptre, in place of Count Draskowich, the Steward of the Kingdom went before. The Counts Stephen Zichy and Christopher Erdedy, both Keepers of the Crown, came next, with the Lords who carried the Royal Jewels upon Cushions of Crimson Velvet. Count Illishazi carried the Silver Cross, Count Nicholas Erdedy the Sceptre, the Palatin of Hungary the Crown, and Count Nicholas Draskowich the Globe of the Empire. The Empress came after these, led by the Duke of Diederichstein Master of the Palace. The Countess of Rapach chief Governante carried up her Train, which was embroidered with Gold, Diamonds and Pearls, and after her came the Palatiness and other Ladies of Court. The Empress was received at the Entry into the Church, by the Arch-Bishops of Colocza and Neutra, who led her to the Throne. In the mean time the Emperor having taken his place on the side of the Gospel, went also to his Throne in the middle of the Choir over against the great Altar, behind the Throne sat the Palatiness with the chief Governante and other Ladies of Court, in Chairs prepared for them. On the left hand of the Empresses Throne were the Lords of Hungary, who carried the Jewels of the Kingdom, which were taken from them by the Archbishop who put them upon the Altar. Before the Throne there was a Silver Stool, where the Domestic Crown, which was brought to the Church under a Cover, was placed. That being done the Gospel was read, at the end whereof the Emperor went to the Altar with the Crown on his Head, the Sceptre in his Right Hand, and the Globe in the Left, and presented the Empress to the Archbishops to be crowned. When his Imperial Majesty had taken his place, the Empress advanced towards the Altar, assisted by the Archbishops, and kneeled upon the first Step, whilst the Archbishop of Gran kissed the end of the Cross, and presented her the Sceptre and Globe of the Empire, which she took, the Sceptre in her right hand, and the Globe in the left, the Prelate all the while saying some Prayers. That Ceremony being over, the Empress was led back to the Throne, where the Archbishop having again said some Prayers, Te Deum was sung during a Volley of 480. Musket-shot, and a discharge of the Artillery upon the Rampart. Then Count John Draskowich took the Sceptre and Globe of the Empire out of the hands of the Empress, in place of the Steward of Hungary, and gave them back to those who had carried them before. That being done, the Empress was led to the Offering by the Archbishops, and put a rare piece of Gold of Goldsmith's work into a Silver Basin that was upon the Altar, and then returned to her Throne. The Domestic Crown was taken off of the Head of the Empress by the Bishop of Neutra, during the Offering and Communion, and given to be held by the Duke of Diedericksteyn, who after the Communion gave it back to the said Prelate, to be put upon the Head of the Empress again. The aforesaid Bishop led her to the Communion, which being given her by the hand of the Archbishop of Gran, the Crown was put upon her Majesty's head. The Ceremonies thus performed, they returned in the same Order as they came, with the noise of Cannon, and the Ladies were admitted to kiss her Hand. When they were at Table, his Imperial Majesty ordered the Artillery once more to play, which concluded the Solemnity.   

CHAP. XVI.  
Of the Description of Transilvania, anciently united to Hungary, and the Princes who have Reigned in it, since the beginning of this Age, to the present time.  
TRansilvania, a Principality of Europe, is part of the Ancient Dacia, to the West of Hungary, and to the East of Moravia, having the Carpathian Mountains to the North, and Walachia to the South. It is four days journey in length, and as much in breadth: That Name was given it by the Romans, because it is encompassed with Forests as well as Mountains. The Hungarians call it Erdely, and the Germans Siben bergen; because of Seven Towns which the fugitive Saxons built there. Several other People settled there; but the Saxons I speak of cultivated the Country best. The Romans afterwards became Masters of it under Trajan: In process of time it was united to Hungary, from which it was dismembered in the year 1541. At present the Princes of it are Elective & Tributary to the Turk. The Town of Transilvania are Hermenstadt, Clausenbourg, Weisenbourg, or Alba-Julia, etc. It is a fertile Country, and hath several Mines and Medicinal Plants. Most of the Inhabitants are Greeks, Schismatics; there are in it also a great many Heretics, and some Mahometans.  
The Princes of Transilvania, who have reigned since the beginning of this Age, are these that follow.  
1. Sigismond Bathori, Knight of the Golden Fleece, Son to Christopher Prince of Transilvania, who died in the year 1581. succeeded to his Father in that Principality, and died at Prague the 17. of March 1603.  
2. Stephen Bodtskey introduced himself by force into that Principality, and his Usurpation was approved by the Turk, and at length by the Emperor upon certain Conditions; he died of Poison in the year 1606. and named for his Successor Valentine Homonay; but the States of the Country preferred Sigismond Ragotski before him.  
3. Sigismond Ragotski was elected Prince of Transilvania in the year 1606. but having reigned a year, he resigned that Dignity to Gabriel Bathory Nephew to Prince Sigismond in 1608. Sultan Achmet confirmed that choice, and the King of Hungary, the Archduke Mathias did not oppose it.  
4. Gabriel Bathory was elected Prince of Transilvania in the year 1608. and was assassinated at Valencze in the year 1613.  
5. Bethlen Gabor who had had a great Hand in that Death, being supported by the Turks, seized the State and caused himself to be proclaimed Prince of Transilvania in the year 1613. and by a Treaty made with the Emperor in 1622. he continued Prince of Transilvania. He died the 15. of November 1629.  
6. George Ragotski Prince of Transilvania succeeded to him; he died of his Wounds at Waradin in the Month of June 1660.  
7. Achatius Barchay by the Turks introduced into that Principality in place of Ragotski, resigned it some time after, and was beheaded about the end of the said year 1660,  
8. When John Kemeni was chosen Prince, who was killed in the year. 1661.  
9 Michael Abafti Count of Sicules, Prince of Transilvania who Reigns at present, was chosen in the year 1661. by the Assistance of the Turks.   

CHAP. XVII.  
Of the Turkish Emperors, who in Progress of time have invaded, subdued, and usurped the greatest part of Hungary.  
SOlyman, called the Magnificent, Son of Sultan Selim, immediately after the death of his Father, whom he had poisoned, took Belgrade, and the Isle of Rhodes, was the first that invaded the Kingdom of Hungary, and with his Armies passed the Rivers of Save and Drove, in the year 1526. He was Victorious in the Famous Battle of Mohacz, which I mentioned before, wherein Loüis II. King of Hungary unfortunately perished. At Bagdet he was crowned King of Persia, and subjected Assyria, and Mesopotamia: He made six Expeditions into Hungary, and took the strong Towns of Strigonium and Alba-Regalis: He also subjected Aladulia, and the Kingdom of Aden; besides many other Towns upon the Red-Sea: He made Algiers Tributary, took Pialli, Tripoli, and the Gerbes, and after all these Victories whilst he besieged the strong Town of Siget in the lower Hungary, he died ●n Five-Churches, as hath been mentioned before.  
This Emperor took to himself the ●ollowing Titles, in the Credential Letters of the Ambassador, whom ●e sent to the Emperor Ferdi●and.  
I the Lord of all Lords, the Ruler of the East and West, who am able to do, and ●ot to do whatsoever I please. Lord of all Grecia, Persia, and Arabia, Ruler over ●ll things that can be Subject to a King ●nd Lord; the Great Hero of these Times, ●nd mighty Giant of this vast universe; Lord of the White and Black Seas, and ●he Holy City of Mecha, shining with the Brightness of God, of the City of Medina, ●nd the Holy and Chaste City of Jerusa●em; King of the most Noble Kingdom of Egypt; Lord of the Country of jonia, and Cities of Athens and Sena, of the Holy Temple of God Zabilon and Bassio, Ret●aam and Magadim, the Seat and Throne ●f the Great King Nashin Rettham, and Lord of the Island of Algiers, and Prince of the Kingdom of Tartary, Mesopotamia, the Medes, Georgians, and of all Greece, Morea and Anatolia, Asia, Armenia, Walachia, Moldavia, and all Hungary, with a great many other Kingdoms and Dominions, whereof I am Emperor, that thrice great Caesar, Sultan Solyman, the Son of the great Emperor Sultan Selim, who have Authority from God to Rule all People in a bit of Iron, and power to open the Gates and Doors of all Cities and strong Holds, all the ends of the Earth, none excepted are delivered into my Hands; I the Lord of the East from the Land of Tscin to the utmost bounds of Africa, whom God hath made a valiant Warrior in the edge of the Sword, amongst whose most potent Kingdoms the impregnable Castle of Caesarea, is reckoned the least, and the Empire or Dominion of Alexander the Great the meanest of my Hereditary Dominions; with me is the Strength of the whole World, and Virtue of the Firmament.  
Zelim II. Emperor of the Turks, Son of Sultan Solyman II. called the Magnificent, succeeded to him in the year 1566. being about Forty two years of Age; this Emperor having subjected Nicosia and Famagusta, seized the Island of Cyprus, a Kingdom belonging to the Venetians in the year 1521. but after that loss the Christians gained the Famous Battle of Lepanto, the 7th. of October the same year. Haly Bassa was killed there, and it is not doubted, but that it was the greatest Blow that the Ottoman Empire had for a long time received; and, indeed, if the Christians had known how to make the best Advantage of that Victory, they might without doubt have taken Constantinople, where all were in a general Consternation: And to see how great a Victory that of the Christian Princes was, we may only read the Triumphal Inscription exposed by the Romans in the Capitol, in memory of it, and of Marco Antonio Colonna Duke of Paliano, Knight of the Golden Fleece, Great Constable of Naples, whom Pope Pius V made General of the Ecclesiastical Forces, who solemnly received the Standard in St. Peter's Church at Rome, and who in that memorable Battle commanded as Lieutenant General, being upon his return received in Triumph in the City of Rome.  
Marcus Antonius Ascanij Filius, Fabricij nepos, Columnae Marsorum, & Hernicorum Dux, initâ inter Pium V. Pont. Max. Phillippum Hispaniarum Regem Catholicum, & Rempublicam Venetam Societate, Classis Pontificiae Praefectus,  
De Turcis Non. Octobris ad Echinadas,  

Navali praelio victis,  
DC. Navigiis in potestatem redactis,  
Demersis & fugatis.  
Christianos XV. mill. in libertatem assertis,  
Hostium XXX. mill. caesis,  
X. mill. captis,  
Re optimè gestâ  
Ut Victoriâ omnium maxima in mari partâ.  
Ex S. C. & Pij V. S. P. authoritate  
More Majorum  
Prid. Non. Decembris anno à Christo nato M.D.LXXI.  
Triumphavit,  
Ad ejus rei memoriam sempiternam,  
Diem hunc antiquis Triumphalibus fastis adscribendum,  
Et monumentum hoc in Capitolio ponendum,  
Censuit S. P. Q. R. ut superiorum aemulationi,  
Praesentis aevi gloriae, posterorum incitamento,  
Testaretur, in promerendis honoribus, ac tribuendis,  
Neque virtutem, neque benignitatem priscam  
Adhuc deesse Romanis,  
Coss. Rom. decreverunt, curaverunt.   
Selim the Turkish Emperor, died of an Apoplexy the Thirteenth of December 1574.  
Amurath III. Son of Selim II. begins to Reign about the end of the year 1574. He presently put to death five of his Brothers, according to the Cruel custom of the Ottomans, and refused to prolong with the Emperor Maximilian II. the Truce which he had concluded with Selim II. He took Tauris which he Plundered, and defeated the Marovites and Drus of Mount Libanus: After that he made a powerful Invasion into the Country of the Croats, who were worsted at first, but they afterwards killed Ten thousand Turks, and obliged the rest to let them live in quiet. Amurath died at Constantinople, the 18th. of January, 1595. at the Age of Forty eight.  
Mahomet III. Son of Amurath III began his Reign in the year 1595. by the death of One and Twenty of his Brothers, and Ten of his Father's Wives whom he left with Child, and whom he caused to be thrown into the Sea. He never was at the Head of his Army but once. The Christians under the Conduct of Count Mansfield took Strigonium, Alba-Regalis under the Command of the Duke of Mercaur in the year 1601. and the Lower Town of Buda, under the Archduke of Austria. He lost the Forts of Vice grad, Balbocz, Petrinia, Haduan, Palota and Vesprin; and on the other side the Knights of Malta seized Lepanto. The Armies of Mahomet were beaten by the Vaivod of Walachia, and by the Prince of Transilvania, who defeated Sinan Bassa, and so Moldavia, Walaohia and Transilvania shook off the Ottoman yoke. The Turks on the other hand had some advantages, and retook two or three Towns, as Pest Canisa and Alba-Regalis, but that was not comparable to their losses. Mahomet demanded Peace of the Christians, who refused it. He was an Infamous Man, so plunged into Debauchery, that neither domestic Disorders, nor Foreign Wars could ever make him forsake it; that made the Janissaries mutiny; to pacify whom Mahomet was forced to deliver up his greatest Friends to their Rage, and pretended to banish his Mother, who was thought to be the cause of all the Calamities of the State. He caused his eldest Son to be Strangled, and the Sultana the Mother of him to be drowned, having suspected her to be Guilty of some Treason against his Person. He died of the Plague at Constantinople in the year 1603. the Thirty ninth year of his Age, and Eighth year of his Reign.  
Achmet I. of that name, Emperor, of the Turks, Succeeded to his Father, Mahomot III. at the Age of Fifteen years, in the year 1603. His Moderation was admired upon his coming to the Throne, in that having but one only Brother, he did not put him to death according to the Custom of the Turkish Princes; but shut him up in a Cloister of Mahometans. The Sophy of Persia taking the advantage of his Minority, retook Tauris and Erzerum. Achmet sent thither the Bassa Cigale, who not having acquitted himself well of his Commission, was upon his return Strangled by 50. Capigis who met him at Bursa. Achmet regained Transilvania, Walachia and Moldavia by the means of Botskay, who revolted from the Emperor, and sided with Bethlem Gabor against Sigismond Bathory Prince of Transilvania. Afterwards finding himself Attacked on all hands, he put Four Armies into the Field; one against the Persians, another against the Polonians, one to oppose the Cossacks, and the last to guard the Tribute of Egypt; but all of them having been unfortunate, as he was preparing for greater designs, he died the 15th. of November 1617. in the Thirtieth year of his Age and Fourteenth of his Reign.  
Mustapha, Emperor of the Turks was Son to Mahomet III. and Brother to Achmet I. he succeeded to him though he had a Son Osman Twelve years old in the year 1617. Mustapha being Twenty five years of Age was placed upon the Throne by the Janissaries, who two Months after degraded him, being displeased at his reserved way of living. Osman his Nephew Succeeded to him, and Mustapha, as some say, led a recluse and solitary Life: But the truth is he was in Prison; however being brought out by the Janissaries, he was again set upon the Throne the 19 of May 1622. Next day after he caused his Nephew Osman to be put to death, and having Reigned sixteen Months, the People being dissatisfied with his Conduct, he was again confined to perpetual Imprisonment in the Month of September 1623. and Amurath Brother to Osman was put in his place.  
Osman, Emperor of the Turks, was the Son of Achmet I. and succeeded to him at Twelve years of Age about the end of January 1621. He led an Army of almost Four hundred thousand men against the Poles; but that Expedition was not prosperous; he lost above an Hundred thousand men, attempting to force the Camp of Threescore thousand Poles and Cosa●ks, Commanded by Prince Ladislaus. Osman was obliged to make a Peace on disadvantageous Conditions. He thought that the Janissaries had much contributed to that unhappy Success, which made him have a mind to cashier them, and he was accused of having a design to remove the seat of the Empire unto Damascus in Syria. That insolent Militia revolted and the Unfortunate Prince was Strangled the 20. of May, 1622. die Order of Mustapha his Uncle, whom the same Janissaries had raised to the Throne, as I said before. Osman's Reign lasted but Four years, and about four Months. Sultan Osman took the following Titles, in a Letter which he wrote at the desire of the most Christian King to Bassa Ferrovi and to Mula Cadi of Jerusalem, to restore the Cordeliers to the possession of Bethlehem and of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, which places had been possessed by the Armenians in the year 1625.  
The Emperor Osman, Son of the Emperor Achmet, always Victorious; I who am by the infinite Graces of the Almighty Creator, and by the abundant Miracles of the chief of the Prophets, Emperor of Victorious Emperors, Distributor of Crowns to the greatest Princes of the Earth, Keeper of the two sacred and most august Cities, the fairest amongst all those of the World Mecha and Medina, Protector of the Holy Jerusalem, Lord of the greatest part of Europe, Asia, and Africa, conquered with our Victorious Sword, to wit, of the Countries and Kingdoms of Greece, Themeswar, Bosne, Seget, Anatolia, Caramania, Egypt, and of all the Countries of the Parthians, Curds and Georgians, of the Iron-Gate, of the Countries of the Prince of the little Tartars, Cyprus, Diarbeck, Aleppo, Erzerum, Damascus, Babylon, the Balzaradick, Arabians, Abechy, Thunis, Tripoli, Barbary, and of so many other Countries, Isles, Streights, Passages, People, Families, Generations and of so many Thousand millions of valiant Soldiers, who rest under the Obedience and Justice of me, who am Emperor Osman, Son of the Emperor Achmet, of the Emperor Mahomet, of the Emperor Amurath, of the Emperor Selim, of the Emperor Solyman, by the Grace of God, the Retreat of the greatest Princes of the World, and Refuge of the most honourable Emperors.  
Amurath iv was the Son of Achmet, and Brother of Osman; after the Death of Achmet, the Janissaries as we have said, put Mustapha his Brother upon the Throne, and afterwards having sent him back again to Prison, they crowned Osman. But in the sequel the same Insolent Militia re-called Mustapha, who caused Osman to be strangled, and the Government of that Prince, being disagreeable unto them, they remanded him to Prison. Amurath at the Age of fifteen years was saluted Emperor in the Month of September 1623. and in the year 1626. he besieged Bagdet; but the Persians defended themselves so vigorously, that in the year 1630. the Turks were forced to withdraw. Amurath had the Trouble of losing Hali Bassa, and divers places, which the Persians and Arabians took from him. Besides that, the Poles and Cossacks, gave him the alarm so hot, that the Viziers were resolved to dethrone him, if the Peace, which he made with these People, had not altered their minds. Amurath concerned himself indirectly in the Affairs of the Protestants of Germany, at the Solicitation and under the Conduct of Ragotski; but it happened to the Confusion of both. He had at length the Pleasure to be revenged on the Persians. In the year 1638. He set out into the Field, as it is thought, one of the most numerous Armies that ever the Ottomans had on foot, and making use of the favourable juncture of the War betwixt the Persians and Mogul's, he besieged Bagdet, and took it in forty days time. Amurath enjoyed not that Victory long, for his Debauches brought him to his Grave the 8th of February 1640. in the Two and thirtieth year of his Age.  
This Amurath iv in a Letter which he wrote to the King of Hungary in the year 1640. took the following Titles.  
By the Grace of the Almighty God in Heaven, we Soly-Mahomet only God upon Earth, full of invincible Graces, and Omnipotent Emperor of Babylon in Judea, from the Sunrising to its Setting, King of all the Kings of the Earth, King of all Arabia and Media, Duke sprung from the Noble Stem of Greece and Armenia, born Triumphant King of Jerusalem, Lord and Protector of the Holy Sepulchre of Christ Crucified.  
Ibrahim, Emperor of the Turks, was the Son of Achmet, and succeeded to his Brother Amurath iv in the year 1640. When this last died the Officers of the Port had a great deal ado, to make him come out of the place where he had been in a manner Prisoner for three or four years, suspecting it to be only a pretext to render him Criminal. The Sultana his Mother persuaded him of the truth, having shown him the dead Body of his Brother, he came out, and having been crowned, he gave himself wholly over to Voluptuousness, which was fatal unto him. The loss of one of his Sultana's, whom the Knights of Malta took in the year 1644. betwixt Rhodes and Alexandria, made him undertake to be revenged on Malta. But he turned his Arms against Candie, and took the Canea in 1645. In the mean time he grew cruel, his Pleasures made him abandon all care of the Affairs of the Empire, and he became insupportable to all Men. The Militia and Officers conspired against him, and sent for the Mufti and other considerable Persons of the Law, on design at first to put to Death the Grand Visier: Then they resolved to depose Ibrahim, who expressing a great Contempt, and much Haughtiness, did so incense those mutinous Spirits, that they strangled him the 18th. of August 1649. and placed Mahomet his Son upon the Throne.  
Mahomet iv was Born the second of January 1642. and was raised to the Throne ten days after the Death of Sultan Ibrahim his Father, who was strangled by the Janissaries. In the years 1663. and 1664. He took in Hungary the Towns of Newheusel, Fort-Serin or Serin-wart, afterwards demolished, and some other places. The loss he sustained at the Battle of Raab or St. Goddard made him resolve to make Peace, which he did the 17th. of September 1664. He hath been more unfortunate in the present War, wherein he hath lost Gran, Newheusel and a great many other strong Places and Battles mentioned before. He took the City of Candie in the year 1669. after a very long and tough Siege. The Venetians have taken many important Places from him in this War, both in the Morea and elsewhere. His greatest delight is in Hunting, wherein he spends most part of the year. For that reason it is that he resides commonly at Adrianople, that he may be near the places where there is most Game. He goes often to Larissa, and spends sometimes Eight or Ten Days together under magnificent Tents, pitched half a League from that Town upon the Banks of the Peneus. The Turks in his time have made many Conquests from the Poles, from whom they have taken Caminiec, and some other places. Sobieski great Mareshal of the Crown, and at present King of Poland, was at that time General of the Polonian Army, who defeated the Turks at the Famous Battle of Gotzchin in the year 1673. He eluded their Projects the two years following, and at length reduced them to desire a Peace. Since that, the Turks undertook a War against the Moscovites, and got some advantages over them in the year 1678. and the Poles having confederated with the Emperor and Republic of Venice in the year 1683. continue to Harass and make head against them in Podolia, Russia, and the neighbouring Territories. These are the Titles that Mahomet iv takes to himself.  
Mahomet Sultan, by the Infinite Graces of the Almighty Creator, and by the abundant Miracles of the chief of the Prophets, Glorious, Great, Invincible, and always Victorious, Emperor of the Emperors of Constantinople and Trebizonde, King of Kings, Distributer of Crowns to the greatest Princes of the Earth, Keeper of the two sacred and most august Cities, Mecha and Medina, Protector of the Holy Jerusalem, Master of the great Sea, Lord of the greatest part of Europe, Asia and Africa, conquered with our Victorious Sword, Lord of the East and West, of the great Anatolia, Bithynia, of the great City of Nice, Nichomedia, the great Chalcedonia, Phrygia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Tarsis, Paphlagonia, Caramania, Capadocia, Caesarea, of the great and little Armenia, Iberia, Georgia, Mingrelia, the Iron-Gate, Turcomania, of the Curds, Parthians, Medes, Persians, of Tauris, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Diarbeck, of great Babylon, Balzara, Chaldaea, of the Holy Land, Syria, Judaea, Canaan, Galilee, Jerusalem, Samaria, Phenicia, Palestine, Aleppo, Erzerum, Damascus, of the great Antioch, of the Tyberiade and Caspian Seas, of the three Arabia's, the Stony Desert, and Happy, the Indian, and Red Seas, of Aleppo, Ethiopia, Egypt, Alexandria and Grand Cairo, of Barbary, Thunis, Tripoli, Fez, Morocco, Cyprus, of Rhodes, all Greece, Peloponesus, Thrace, Great Romania, Macedonia, Thessaly, Corinthia, Chersonesus, Albania, Bosnia, Servia, Bulgaria, Slavonia, Moldavia, of Themeswar, Dacia, Hungary, Wallachia, Scythia, the greater and lesser Tartary; and of an infinite number of other Countries, Kingdoms, and Empires, Isles, Streights, People, Families, Generations, and of so many Thousand Millions of Valiant Soldiers, who rest under the obedience and Justice of me, who am Emperor Mahomet, son of the Emperor Ibrahim, by the Grace of God, the Retreat of the greatest Princes of the World, and the Refuge of honourable Emperors.  
This Prince Mahomet iv has Children: the Sultana Queen, who is his chief Wife, brought him his first Son, she is called Eumenia, a Greek by Nation; he hath a Brother called Solyman and his eldest Brother named Osman, is a Dominican Monk, called Father Dominick of St. Thomas, who was taken with his Mother by the Galleys of Malta sailing to Alexandria upon a Pilgrimage to Mecha. This Emperor is the greatest Enemy of Christendom: May Heavens grant, that the projects of that Infidel Prince against the Christian Religion, may be disappointed, and that the proud Empire of the Crescent may one day be subject to the glorious Standard of the Cross, under the Auspexes of that great Caesar, who under the lovely name of Leopold hath merited to be the first, and XIV. Emperor of the most August House of Austria, who by his great Prudence and exemplary Piety, by his Constant and indefatigable Pains, and by the Grace of the Great God of Armies, hath happily procured to Christendom, all these great Victories to the shame and confusion of that fierce and barbarous common Enemy, and under the Conduct of the Valiant Charles iv Duke of Lorraine, that brave Hero, to whom Christendom is obliged, that it had time to Relieve Vienna, when with unparalled Speed he marched thither, and in view of the Enemy supplied the place with Provisions, Ammunition and 12000 of the best men in the Army, who defeated the Turks and Rebels before Presbourg; that having taken that Town, had a design, to make a Bridge there over the Danube, thereby to facilitate the passage of the Turkish Convoys to their Camp before Vienna, who flew like lightning to save the King of Poland from the extreme Danger wherein he was, being engaged with the Body of the Ottoman Army near Barkan, and who after gained the Battle of Barkan that we mentioned before. This is that Prince who considering that his Glorious Predecessors have Reigned in Jerusalem, when they had driven the Mahometans out of it, hath on that occasion given so many Proofs of his Courage, that it may be said he there revived the Lorraine Princes, who heretofore Conquered the East. He hath spared neither Body nor Heart in following their Footsteps, that he might Crown himself with Glory in the Bloody Battle of Gran, which he gained. He is the very same who hath so often repulsed the Fury of the Turks, when they were most formidable: It is he, in short, who retook from the Infidels the strong place of Newheusel, which served them for a Key to open them a passage farther into the Countries of the Christians, and who after the example of the Glorious Godfrey, who filled Europe with admiration in the year 1096. hath so signalised himself that if he Reign not in Jerusalem, as his Ancestors have done, he Reigns, at least, in the hearts of those, who have been the Spectators of his Fortitude and Prowess.  

Sic fidei ductus Zelo Bullonius Heros,  
Ille Ambivaritae Gothofredus Marchio Terrae,  
Moenia dum Solymae, templumque Arcemque Sionis,  
Non sibi, sed Coelo vincit, Diadema superbum  
Sprevit, & oblatae gemmantia dona Coronae.   

Huc Leopoldorum virtus animosa tetendit  
Austriadum, quorum hic celsa Ptolemaidos arce,  
Vicinisque procul Salidinum exegit ab oris,  
Barbarico referens saga candida mersa cruore,  
Quo gentilitii rubuere insignia scuti:  
Alter Damiatae muros, Nilotica Claustra  
Diruit, & Phariis tentoria fixit arenis:  
Ambo, triumphati spoliis Orientis onusti.   

Horum magnanimus modò per vestigia tendit  
Austriades, Caesar Leopoldus Gloria Saecli:  
Cui victrix Pietas famulantia dirigit Arma,  
Et Comites secum deducit in agmina Divos.    
FINIS.   

A TABLE OF MATTERS.  

A 

AChmet. Pag. 153  
Agria. Pag. 17  
Alba Regalis. Pag. 44  
Altenbourg. Pag. 60  
Altsol. Pag. 32  
Amurath III. Pag. 151  
Amurath IV. Pag. 158  
Arms of Hungary. Pag. 92     

B. 

BArkan. Pag. 53  
Battles of the Romans. Pag. 97  
Of Mohacz. Pag. 98  
Of St. Goddard. Pag. 101  
Of Vienna. Pag. 105  
Of Presbourg. Pag. 123  
Of Barkan. Pag. 126  
Of Gran. Pag. 131  
Of Lepanto. Pag. 149  
Of Candie. Pag. 161  
Bedrac. Pag. 76  
Borsneth. Pag. 80  
Buda. Pag. 38     

C. 

CAnisa. Pag. 45  
Cassovia. Pag. 16  
Charles Duke of Lorraine, his Elegy.  
Chronogram on the day of the Relief of Vienna. Pag. 112  
Ceremonies observed at the Coronation of the Kings and Queen of Hungary. Pag. 133  
Five Churches. Pag. 64  
Cirmium. Pag. 71  
Clergy of Hungary. Pag. 84  
Colzoca. Pag. 21  
Comorra. Pag. 58  
Count of Bouquoy, his Elegy. Pag. 31  
Counts of Serini, their Elegy, Death of Nicholas, I. Pag. 62, 63  
Counts of Hungary. Pag. 81  
Cremnitz. Pag. 34  
Marco Antonio Colonna. Pag. 150     

D. 

DAnube. Pag. 73  
Debrechim. Pag. 21  
Dotis. Pag. 48  
Drove. Pag. 78     

E. 

EMblem upon the Relief of Vienna. Pag. 121  
Emperors of the Turks. Pag. 146  
Esperies. Pag. 71  
Epitaph of the Emperor Probus. Pag. 72  
Of Ovid. Pag. 50  
Of Lovis II. King of Hungary. Pag. 100  
Of Count Serini. Pag. 67  
Esseck its Bridge. Pag. 61  
Estates of Hungary. Pag. 84     

F. 

FIleck. Pag. 16  
Freistadt. Pag. 28  
Funs-kirchen. Pag. 86     

G. 

GIula. Pag. 22  
Gran. Pag. 51. 79  
Gutta. Pag. 2●     

H. 

HAdwan. Pag. 3●  
Herngrundt. Pag. 3●  
Hungary. Pag. 1. 3     

J. 

JAvarin. Pag. 5●  
Ibrahim. Pag. 160  
John III. King of Poland. Pag. 105  
His Elegy. Pag. 114  
His Letter upon the Deliverance of Vienna. Pag. 10●     

K. 

KIngs, look their proper Names. Pag. 8     

L. 

LEopold a Town Pag. 28  
Leopold, the Emperor and his Elegy. Pag. 167  
Lepanto. Pag. 149  
Lovis, II. King of Hungary his Death. Pag. 98     

M. 

MAhomet III. Pag. 152  
Mahomet IV. Pag. 161  
Maros. Pag. 35  
Mathias Corvin King of Hungary. Pag. 93  
Medal of the Deliverance of Vienna. Pag. 113  
Metroviza. Pag. 71  
Mongatz. Pag. 24  
Mustapha Sultan. Pag. 154     

N. 

NEwheusel. Pag. 15  
Newsol. Pag. 29  
Nitria. Pag. 14  
Nobility of Hungary vid. Palatine.  
Nobility Palatine of Hungary. Pag. 62  
Novigrad. Pag. 15     

O. 

ONoth. Pag. 21  
Osman. Pag. 155     

P. 

PApa. Pag. 49  
Palatines of Hungary. Pag. 62, 89  
Pest, Pag. 35.  
Petronel. Pag. 60  
Presbourg. Pag. 12  
Princes that assisted at the Relief of Vienna. Pag. 118     

Q. 

QValities and Titles Usurped by the Turkish Emperors. Pag. 146     

R. 

RAab. Pag. 55. 77  
Rivers of Hungary. Pag. 73     

S. 

SAbaria. Pag. 79  
Satwar. Pag. 49  
Satmar, see Zarmar.  
Save. Pag. 78  
Sarnowitz. Pag. 29  
Servizza. Pag. 80  
Schemnitz. Pag. 33  
Schinta, Pag. 27  
Schut, an Isle. Pag. 54  
Siget. Pag. 61  
Sirmium, see Cirmium.  
Solyman. Pag. 146  
St. Martins-bourg. Pag. 48  
Standard of the Turks. Pag. 117     

T. 

TAta. Pag.  
Temeswar Pag. 24  
Teckely, Count, his Defeat near Presbourg.  
His Imprisonment at Waradin. Pag. 26  
Tibiscus. Pag. 76  
Tirnau. Pag. 21  
Transilvania and its Princes.  
Tokay. Pag. 20  
Topolchan. Pag. 28  
Tortoise. Pag. 59  
Trenschin. Pag. 29  
Treaty of Alliance betwixt the Emperor and King of Poland. Pag. 118     

V. 

VAccia. Pag. 15  
Vesprim. Pag. 48  
Vicegrad. Pag. 46  
Vienna Succoured and Relieved. Pag. 105  
Vizovichitz. Pag. 34  
Ungwar. Pag. 20     

W. 

WAlpo. Pag. 70. 80  
Waradin. Pag. 25  
Waag. Pag. 79     

Z. 

Zaravas. Pag. 23  
Zatmar. Ibid.  
Zelim. Pag. 148  
Zolnock. Pag. 22      

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