THE PRESENT STATE OF Jamaica. WITH THE LIFE Of the Great Columbus The first Discoverer:  
To which is Added An Exact Account of Sir Hen. Morgan's Voyage to, and famous Siege and taking of Panama from the Spaniards.  
LONDON, Printed by Fr. Clark for Tho. Malthus at the Sun in the Poultry, 1683.   

TO THE READER.  
I Present thee here with a short view of Jamaica, an Island the most flourishing of any this day in the West Indies; and though it has been but a short time in the Hands of the English, yet it hath Augmented itself to that vast strength, by reason of its great Trade and number of Inhabitants, that it is not only capable to Defend itself against any Invasion that may be made upon it: but if occasion be, to Offend the most Potent of its Neighbours; a proof of which you will find in Sir Henry Morgan's famous Voyage to Panama, many years ago, the Island being then in its Infancy, yet was able to give the (Club) Law to the proud Spaniards, the apprehensions of which strikes Terror into the Inhabitants of those Parts to this day. You will find here an exact State of the Government of the Church, the Laws, the Militia, and its Revenue, carefully Collected from the Records of the Country, with an Account of its Soil, Climate, Woods, Mountains, Winds, and the Diseases that the People are most Incident to; the Commodities of the Country, , Fowls, Fish and other Provisions; with an Historical Account of its being taken from the Spaniards.  
Vale.   

Books lately printed for and sold by Tho. Malthus, at the Sun in the Poultry.  
BEntivolio and Urania in six Books, by Nathaniel Ingelo D. D. the fourth Edition, with large Amendments, wherein all ●he obscure Words throughout the Book ●re interpreted in the Margin, which makes ●his much more Delightful to read than the ●ormer Editions.  
Mr. James Janewayes Legacy to his friend's, containing twenty seven Famous ●nstances of God's Providences, in and about ●ea-dangers and Deliverances, with the Names of several that were Eye Witnesses ●o many of them.  
Catastrophe Mundi, or Merlin Revived, in Discourse of Prophecies, and Predictions, ●nd their Remarkable Accomplishments with Mr. Lilies Hieroglyphics Exactly Out, ●nd Notes, and Observations thereon, as also Collection of all the ancient reputed Prophecies that are extant, touching the Grand evolutions like to happen in these latter ages.  
Historical Memoirs of the Life and Death ●f that wise and valiant Prince, Rupert, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Cum●erland, etc. containing a brief but impartial Account of his Great and Martial Achievements, during the time of the Civil Wars, together with his several Engagements in the Wars between his Majesty and the State's General of the United Provinces.  
An Historical Account of the Heroic Life and Magnanimous Actions of the most Illustrious Protestant Prince, James Duke of Monmouth; containing an Account o● his Birth, Education, Places and Titles with his Great and Martial Achievements in Flanders and Scotland, his Disgrace and Departure both from Court and Kingdoms with the most material Circumstances tha● have occurred since his Return.  
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The Romish Mass-Book faithfully translated into English; with Notes and Observations thereupon, plainly demonstrating the Idolatry and Blasphemy thereof▪ containing, 1. The Cautelae, or Caveats o● the Mass, 2. The Canon of the Mass. 3 The History of the Mass: Showing when how, and by whom it was patched together; with a curious Copper Cut prefixed, representing the Priest a saying Mass With unanswerable Arguments proving it no Service of God. Published at this ●uncture to prevent the Designs of those that are endeavouring to introduce Popery amongst us. Dedicated to the Right Reverend Father in God, Henry Lord Bishop of London. Price bound One Shilling.  
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THE PRESENT STATE OF Jamaica.  
THE Island of Jamaica in America is Situated in about 182 North Latitude, in the Sea called Mare Del Nort; it lies about 140 League's North of the Main Continent of America, South from the great Island of Cuba about 15 Leagues, and from Hispaniola West about 20 Leagues.  
The Island is of an Oval Form, and lies due East and West, having a continued Ridge of lofty Mountains running from one end to the other. By the Map and Survey which Sir Thomas Lynch took, it's above 150 Miles long, and from 25 to 50 Miles broad, de plano, and contains four Millions and a half of Acres; it's imagined, if this Island were divided into eight parts, one is Excellent Pasturage, called by the Indians Savannas, 4/8 good Plantable Land, ⅜ Barren or unplantable.  
In the Year 1675, when Sir Thomas Lynch left the Government, there was above 900000 Acres passed and Planted, and to Manure and Cultivate it about 30000 of all sorts of People.  
This Island is not generally so Fertile and proper for Sugar as Barbadoes has been, the Soil being extremely differing; for in some parts 'tis a black fat Earth, and in others stiff and Clayie, in others Sandy, and in some Reddish, but by pareels; it's therefore the Settlements are distinct, Mountainous, and Unplantable Land interposing betwixt them make them appear like so many several Colonies, and has occasioned this Division of the Parishes, St. Thomas at the East, St. Elizabeth at the West, St. john's and St. Thomas in the Vale. In the Island, St. George's, St. Maries, and St. Ann's, the North side: St. david's, St. Andrews, Port Royal, St. Catharines', St. Dorothies', Clarendon and Vere on the South side. The greatest Plains, and almost all the Savannas or Pasturage is on the South side; they are all taken up and Stocked with ; on the South side likewise is Port Royal and all the best Ports and Roads, and most considerable Plantations, this side being dry, plain, more agreeable, and much quicker and safer Coast than the North, for that in the Spring is apt to violent Gusts of Winds, and much more subject to Rains than the South, as the East, and all Parts is that is Woody and Mountainous; nor has the North side any safe Port, but Port Antonio, to the Wind-ward, which is subject to violent and constant Rains, and the Land about it Morsey and Mountainous, so no Settlements are near it. The other Lee-ward Parishes have Port St. Maries, that is Reasonably good and safe, but they have (especially in St. Mary's Parish) abundance of Excellent Plantations of Coccoa, many Sugar-works, and Provision Plantations that are supported and carried on by Hunting and gathering Pimento, with which this Quarter abounds. Thus Plantations were begun, and the Government settled in Sir Thomas Lynch his time, and now the Inhabitants find the goodness of that Soil Liberally Recompense the want of Harbours and Pasturage, and distance from the Chief Port and Seat of Government, for its very Fertile Land covered with Excellent Timber; it's a little Hilly, but full of fine Rivers, and all Conveniencies for Plantations.  
The Climate is as agreeable as any can be betwixt the Tropics, the Air being very serene and clear, even to a Proverb among the Spaniards: It's subject to Thunder and Lightning, as all Countries in that Latitude are; the Rains come uncertainly, but most expected about November and May, they are generally violent, continue an uncertain time, are unhealthy, and breed Musketoes, that are the greatest Plague in the Island, but are troublesome only the Rainy Seasons, and in most places where they have not good Houses, a free Air, clean Yards, etc.  
This Climate subjects no body inevitably to Diseases, here being no such thing as Seasoning, which is common in Ireland and Virginia, etc. Sir Tho. Lynch at St. Jago and thereabouts lost not one Person o● his Family that consisted of abou● Thirty all the time of his Government. But to many Persons the Heat is unsupportable, because it's so constant, and its Reflections so violent, otherwise it is not greate● than our Summers in England. I● is Excess in Eating, Drinking, Exercising Debauchery, etc. that to new comers and full Bodies often bring Fevers, Calentures, and such Diseases, that are infinitely more Acute than those here, and Cured by other Methods. To Servants, poor Labouring People, etc. the Dropsy i● the most common of all other Diseases; they and Debauched Person are the most subject to Belly-aches caused usually by their Disorders want of convenient Lodging, Clothing, Exercise, Diet, but sometime by ill chosen Seats when they Plan● in low Valleys, and have no Air, o● by Rivers, and have too much moisture, or by Mountains or Morossos, and have too much Rain, or by the Seaside and on Bays, where they are Sandy, want good Water, and have the Reflection of the Sun too violent; for this Island differs one part from another as much in the temper of the Climate, as nature of the Soil: For the East Parts are Mountainous, Rainy, and generally Fertile and unhealthful. The South Part dry, plain, very pleasant, abounding with Ports and Pasturage. The West is between both, only that and the South want Rivers, which the North side abounds with, and Rich Land, as likewise good Hunting and gathering Pimento in the Mountains, and Fishing on the Seacoasts; and by what the Spaniards have told us, and some little Discovery we have made, we think divers of the Mountains have Minerals.  
The Winter Months here have only the Nights, Mornings and Evenings cooler, the Days as hot as Summer, and about fifteen Hours long Winter and Summer.  
The Winds blow not an hours variation commonly here as they do every where betwixt the Tropics, that is Easterly, which they call Breeses, near the Island they rise not till about Nine in the Morning, and usually cease at about six or seven at Night; they come in gently, and grow as the Sun rises, and in the Evening comes in a kind of Westernly Wind, which we call Land-breese, because it blows off the Land, and with it the Vessels go out of Port: And to the West, that is, the Wind-ward, as the East is called Lee-ward. This Island has never been troubled with those dreadful Hurricanes that so often Ruin and Afflict the Charibe Islands, Portorico, Hispaniola, Cuba, and many parts of the Main. Here is no great Ebb or Flood of the Sea, we have not Observed above a foot difference, nor can any Pilot give any certain Account of the Currents of these Seas, they are so various and uncertain, nor can any guests why the Hurricanes and Earthquakes should never touch Jamaica, since they so often Afflict all the Islands and Continent.  
None of the Rivers of this Island are fair or Navigable, because the Country is very Mountainous, and these Hills running through the Centre of it East and West, the Rivers rise in them, and disembogue North and South; so falling out of these high Mountains are very Rappie, and because of the great Rains in them, are subject to Inundations that carry great stone Rocks and Timber along with the Torrent, so make their usual Course foul and unpassable for Boats, and make and change the Bars. There are divers dry Rivers which hinder the Boats from entering into the Country, as particularly Minoa, that runs through Clarendon, which at some time has not a drop of Water, and at other times as much as the Thames at High Water.  
The Mountains, whether Stony or Plantable, are generally covered with Excellent Timber for all Uses, both for Curiosity, Building, and Dying abundance of Fruit and Spice Trees: These Mountains are full of Hogs, and there is probability of Minerals, but no Trees or Fruit that resemble ours in England.  
There's no Towns in this Island but on the South side, at the East by Port St. Thomas, Port Morant, several Houses called Rapp-Houses, which serve for Storehouses and Alehouses for the Neighbourhood, and such Vessels as use that Port, which are but few, because the Governor has not yet permitted Vessels to Discharge there.  
At St. David's is Yhallows Bay, about seven Leagues from Port St. Thomas, as far from Port Royal, there is several Alehouses and Storehouses.  
At Liguania, the inside of the Harbour, opposite to Port Royal about two Leagues, is several Houses, some of them very handsome, and well Built, which place in time is like to become a pretty Town.  
Port Royal is Situate on the extreme Point of Land that makes the Harbour: It runs about Twelve Miles from the Main off the Land Westernly. It has to the South the Sea, to the North the Harbour, which is the largest, safest, and most convenient in America. This Neck of Land is exceeding narrow, and nothing but a lose Sand that has neither Grass, Stone, Water, nor Trees. But being so Commodious for Ships, that they are Secure all Wethers, and can unload a Float at the Merchant's Key: It is the most Populous place for Trading in the Island, and there only Ships enters and are dispatched. In the Spaniards time there was no Houses, the Seamen of Cromwel's Fleet begun the Town, by Building Storehouses, and called it Cogway, as we judge corruptly, from the Spanish word La aguia. Col. Doyly caused it to be laid out as a Town, but not very Regularly. In Sir Char. Littleton's time it was called Port Royal, from the Excellency of the Harbour. It now contains above 1500 Houses, there is a House, though none of the best, belonging to the King: And in the Earl of Carlile's time a fine New Church, Built partly by Liberal Subscription of divers Gentlemen Inhabiting the Island, and partly by an Assessment laid upon the Inhabitants of the Port.  
Going from Port Royal to St. Jago de la Vega, People Land at Passage, where a Fort was in Col. Doyly's time, and there is about Thirty Houses that are Storehouses, Alehouses, and Horse-keepers, and Hackney Coaches; this being the greatest Passage in the Island, it is two Leagues from Port Royal by Sea, and six Miles from St. Jago by Land.  
St. Jago de la Vega is Situated in a large Plain by a River that is called pro de Cabre, as having a taste of that Metal, or coming out of those Mountains in Liguania, where the Spaniards told us they found of it. This Town was almost quite Deserted when Sir Tho. Lynch came to the Government, but in his time about Forty Houses were Built, and Repaired about one Hundred more. The Grand Court is holden Quarterly in this Town, and a Fair was Erected in Sir Tho. Lynch his time; it has one Spanish Church, and gentlemen's Houses that made it look well during the time the Governor Lived there, but since that time it is much increased in Number of Beautiful Buildings and Inhabitants.  
At Old Harbour, about seven Miles West from St. Jago, are about Thirty Houses for the Uses and Accommodation of Vessels, and Storehouses for Planters Goods, this being esteemed the best Harbour, excepting Port Royal, in the South side. By the Spaniards it was more Frequented.  
At Withy Wood, Twenty Miles to the West, is about forty or fifty Houses for the Accommodation of Vessels, that Road being more frequented than any other on the South side, there being good Land, many Settlements, and a Pleasant Country all about it.  
At the Extensive Point of Port Royal was Built a Round Tower by Cromwel's Seamen in 1656, in 1657 and 1658 Col. Doyly laid the Foundation of a more Regular one, which Sir Charles Littleton near Finished in 1664, and Sir Tho. Modyford in his time, which was to the Year 1671, quite finished, and Mounted in it about 36 Guns, Employing the Round Tower only as a Store-House for Ammunition. Besides this he Built a Breast-work of stone, that run from the Harbour to the Sea about 200 Yards, this was to Defend the Town from any surprise by Land, as the Castle was to Defend the Mouth of the Harbour. It was Named by Sir Charles Littleton, Charles Fort, in Honour of His Majesty. In Sir Tho. Lynch his time was Built a Fort, called James Fort, Built by Sir Thomas, and the Voluntary Contribution of some Gentlemen: On the Island Point of the Town, to flank the Ships at turning into the Harbour, and Batter them when at Anchor in it, which the Castle cannot: He likewise made a slight Work for that purpose at Prison Point, where six Guns were Mounted, and at Port Morant four Guns, and a Breast-work raised to Defend the Port.  
Another likewise at Old Harbour, which was done in Sir Tho. Lynch his time, but many more were added in the time of the Earl of Carlisle.  
The Commodities the Country produces are Excellent Sugars, Cocoa, Cotton, Hides, Ginger, Tobacco, Tortoise shell, Indigo, Primento, Fustick, Brazilletto, Lignum Vitae, Granadilla, Ebony; besides some Gums, Achot Drugs, etc.  
This Island abounds with Cattle, and the Islands of Spaniola, Portico, and Cuba do the like; so does many Parts of the Main, the first Breed being brought out of Europe; for before the Discovery, there was none of our , great or small in the West Indies: In Jamaica they Multiplied so exceedingly, that when the English took the Island, a Cow was not worth above a Piece of Eight, and a Horse half as much. But the Army destroyed them so, that in the Year 1671, when Sir Tho. Lynch came to the Government, a Cow was worth Twelve or Fourteen pounds, but by the goodness of the Pasture, and the Cattle Sir Thomas Imported from the Spaniards, they increased so, that in the Year 1675 they were worth but four pounds per Head, one with another. Besides, here is plenty of good sprightly Horses, some Mules and Asnegroes, abundance of Hogs, Goats, and Sheep, whose Wool is hairy, the Flesh not generally so good as in England; they breed often, but live not well, unless about Alligater Ponds. Rabbits live well enough, but there's no Hare nor Deer in the Island.  
In this Country is Hens, Turkeys, and Ducks, bred better, and are better flesh than in England. Geese are but rare, there's abundance of Excellent Wild Fowl, as Guiny Hens, Flemingoes, Teal, Ducks, Curlews, with great variety of Pigeons, Turtles, Parrots, Maces, and other Birds, whose Flesh is good, and Feathers finely coloured.  
There is store of Fish, both in the Sea and divers Rivers, not much common to England, but a King of Lobster, Craw-fish, Eels, Mullers, and Spanish Mackrael, with abundance of all sorts of Admirable Fish proper to those Seas. Tortoise are taken much on this Coast, but chief at the Island Cay Manos, 30 Leagues to the West of this Island, whither the Vessels go May, June, and July to Load of their Flesh that they Pickle in Bulk, and take them in that Season, when they come on shore to lay their Eggs, which they do, and cover them with Sand that hatches them, and then by instinct they crawl to the Sea, where they Live, and feed on Weeds that grows in the bottom, or floats. In many Rivers and Ponds of Jamaica there's vast Numbers of Crocodiles, or Alligators, that is an Amphibious Creature, and breeds of an Egg, hatched by the Sun in the sand. A Tortoise Egg is just like the Yolk of a Hen-Egg, of which she lays near a Peck at a time; but the Allegator but a few, and are like a Turkeys; their Flesh is not good, they are voracious, and live on Fowls and Beasts that they catch by surprise, but seldom or never hurt any Man.  
Here's an Indian Coney, called Raccoones, that is good Meat, but of a distasteful shape, being something like an overgrown Rat: The Snakes in this Island are not at all hurtful, but were eaten by the Indians as Regaloes, as the Guanaes' are by the Spaniards; it is but small, and of the shape of an Allegator, the Flesh is sweet and tender: The most Offensive thing in this Island are divers sorts of Flies, called Merywings, from their Noise; Mutquettoes, from their Littleness; Gallinippors, from their Biting; for all sting and trouble People exceedingly: And in some parts of the North there's little ugly Creatures, called by the English Gallivaches, whose bite is Mortal to Dogs, Goats, etc.  
There is in this Island none of the Fruit common to Europe but Oranges, Lemons, and Limbs (a Bastard Lemon) Citrons, Pomgranats, Grapes grow well enough; here is a Wild sort the Spaniards made Red Wine of: The English have but few Vines, and they require much time to Cultivate them, and are so difficultly defended from the Parrots, and other Birds, and not Ripening altogether. We think it impossible to make Wine without great quantities and great Labour; for in the Country after every Season there's a Spring, so that the Grapes and all Fruits shoot out after, it have therefore Blossoms, Young Fruit, and Ripe all at the same time. Besides these Fruit in Jamaica, there is abundance of Plantains, Bonanoes, Tamarinds, Cathus, Guavaes', Mummees, and small Oysters that grow in Clusters on Mangroves by the Seaside, Sapolaes', Supotilla, Aduecades, Star-Apples, Custard-Apples, and Prickle-Apples, Pears, Pine-Apples, Prickle-Pears, Plumbs of divers sorts.  
The Common Bread that Ordinary Planters and Servants use, is Cassader, in its stead Potatoes. But the Gentlemen make Bread of Flour that comes from England and New York.  
English Flowers would grow in this Island without Care and Charge, but they have large and extraordinary Jessemine-Trees, and other Odoriferous Trees and Plants.  
Likewise there grows exceeding well all our Summer Herbs, so does Pease, Beans, Cabbage; and Turnips, though not very well. But Carrots, Radish, Onions pretty well. By Art, Care, and Pains Gardinage would do better here than in the South parts of Spain; for though our Rains are more violent, our Droughts are not so frequent and long.  
In this Island are abundance of Medicinal Herbs, Roots, and Plants. We have Venillaes'; here's China, Sarsaparilla, Gum Guaicum, Benjamin, etc.  
The Common Drink of the Gentlemen is Madera Wine and Water; at the Sugar-works they make Drink of Malasses, in other places of Cassader, which they call Perinoe, and of Potatoes, called Mobbie; and likewise of Bonanoes'. A Drink is made of a Spirit, called Rum, Distilled from the Canes, they make great quantities, which does Mischief, being very strong and unpleasant, yet drunk by the Ordinary People excessiuly, that causes Drunkenness, Disorder, Poverty, Diseases.  
The 11th. of October, 1492, Collumbus Discovered the Lucca's Islands, Spaniola, and Cuba, and shortly after returned for Spain. In his second Voyage, endeavouring to round Cuba, to know whether it was an Island or no, he Discovered Jamaica the 14th. of May, 1494. and called it St. Jago, which Name did not take, he stayed but little on it at its Discovery; but in his Third Voyage, in the Year 1503, the 23d. of June, he arrived there again, Shipwrecked, and in great Distress, his Vessels quite disabled, Provisions spent, and Men sick and dis-heartened with their Misfortunes. At Veragua on the Coast of the Main, the first Road he fell in with he did not like, but went further West to a Port he called Sancta Gloria, and there run his ships on ground and lashed them together, and Lodged on their Decks, the Indians being Numerous, for at this time it was supposed there was above 60000 Families of them on this Island. Collumbus lay about two Months in a most Miserable Condition, the ingrateful Spaniards and Malicious Governor of St. Domingo sending him no Relief, on purpose to make him Perish; and in this Fatal time the Porras, three Brothers of Sevil, Rebelled, which Collumbus' Brother suppressed; so that in this Island was the first Civil War and Bloodshed betwixt the Spaniards in America. In the time this great Unfortunate Man stayed thus Miserably, and shipwrecked on the North side of Jamaica, it's suppose● they began to settle a Design to Plant finding this Island very fertile, and the Natives more civil and ingenious than any of the other Islanders. And at this time began that Town, the old Maps call Metilla, that we think were about Figtree on the North side, which was but by little advanced, than they deserted it. Eight or ten Leagues further West, finding a better Bay they called St. Ann's, which Names is continued by us. And here they began to settle, and in some years built a handsome ●arge Town named Sevil, that had some Sugar Works, and good Plantations about it, and a very considerable Abbey in it; the Abbots were always the Bishops Suffragan, and chief in all Ecclesiastical affairs; there's some Pillars of this left, and a Portal of the Church, with the Emperor Charles the Fifths Arms over it, and an Inscription that says; Petrus Martyr Anuleria Abbas Vnius Insule, eadem hanc Bisigne consumptam Letantio & quadrata Lapido a fundamentis extruxit. This being a most learned Milliner, that had served King Ferdinand as Confessor and Ambassador to Grand Cape, and being of the Emperor's Council for the Indies, of which he wrote the Decades. It may be supposed Jamaica was then in great esteem. This Town flourished till about the year 1590. then the Spaniards deserted, as they say, because their Children could not live there. But we rather believe, because the North side was Mountainous and unpleasant; and on the South were huge plain Savannaes', which we suppose were Fields of Indian Corn and Cassader that were proper for Cattle, of which the Spaniards now have grea● plenty. Besides, the South had better Ports, was nearer, and had greater Commerce with the rich Country o● the Main, than the North could have, which might reasonably enough induce them to change Situations, and fix on that of the Jago de la Vega, or St. James upon the Plain, where they were settled 70 years. Before the English under General Venables, the 10th of May, 1655. took it, it had about 17 years before been surprised by one Jackson, with a Fleet of English Privateers, who, for a thousand Beefs quitted the Town, having no design but to Cruise. But Crumwell sent his Army to seize Spaniola, or some place that was convenient for a Colony and seat of War, he having missed St. Domingo they resolved to fix here; nor were they like to be beaten out, for there was not many Native Indians left, they being long before destroyed by the Spaniards; and of the Spaniards there was not above 550 Men, 600 Women, and 1500 Slaves; there was no Militia or Fortification. The Town had in it two Churches, four Chapels, about 1200 Houses of all sorts; the Streets Regular, but Houses low and like Barns: all the Spaniards and their Wives and Children dwell in them, and had their Servants and Slaves in the Country, to manage their , Sugar works, and Cocoa Walks, and furnish them with Provisions, which they lazily and luxuriously spent in the Town; the Trade they had was with Cartagena and Portobella, and sometimes with Interlopers. There Merchandise was Hides, Cocoa, Tallow, Sugar, Pimento, with which they bought what they needed. The discovery of Nova Hispana and Perue unpeopled this Island, as it did Porterico, Spaniola and Cuba, people being less safe and rich in them after the English and Dutch Privateers began to infest these India's; besides the Inhabitants of Jamaica were discouraged by being Tenant or Vassals to a Proprietor; for about the year 1560. as we guess, this Island was given to the Heirs of Collumbus, in compensation for the perpetual Viceroyship and Admiralty of these Indies: so they were called Dukes De la Vaga, now De Veragua, their eldest Son a Marquis, one Dr. Fulano Ramizer was Governor for the Duke De Veragua, when the English came in 1655. he was an old decrepit man: so retreated with the Priests, Women and Children into the Island and Mountains, and left the Sergeant Major D' Christovall de Alvares Sali, that was afterwards Governor, to treat with the General of the English Army, which was Col. Venables. Penn Commanded the Fleet, but both and the whole Design was to be Governed by Commanders, which were the two Generals Col. Searle Governor of Berbados, Col. Everard Governor of St. Christopher's, Col. Butler and Major Winslow that went with the Army, which consisted of six Regiments Commanded by General Venables. Col. Fortescue that after Haynes his Death was made Major General, Col. Anthony Butler, Col. Holdup, and Col. Doyly, with two Troops one brought from England, and Commanded by Captain Jones; the otheer raised at Barbados, Commanded by Capt. Carter; these Landed with the Army and Regiment of Seamen, Commanded by Vice-Admiral Goodson.  
The Fleet consisted of about 30 Sail of Men of War, and as many other Vessels and Dutch Ships, which were seized at Barbados. At our Arrival the Spaniards pretended to deliver the Island by Treaty, but the General soon found they only by this Artifice endeavoured to get time to secure the Women, Children and Wealth in the Mountains: so about 20 days after the Armies Landing, the General sent out Parties to pursue them; sometimes we took of these miserable People; sometimes they surprised and killed of ours, strangling and starving Soldiers: But the Stores of the Army being Landed, which were exceeding great and convenient, the gross of the Fleet and two Generals, return for England; in their way of the Havanna they met the Spanish Fleet, which they had easily taken if they had known them. The Ships that stayed was commanded by Admiral Goodson, the Army by Major General Fortescue; the last in 1656. died, leaving the Soldiers in a most miserable and perishing condition; many were dead, most sick, their Stores spent, the Spanish Plantations, and their vast numbers of  all destroyed, or run wild, and the Fleet in no better condition. On Fortescues Death, Col. Carter should have Commanded, but being sick he resigned to Col. Doyly, and died quickly after. This lamentable Command Col. Doyly held about a year. Then Major General Sedgwick came to Command, and brought some Stores and Recruits of Men out of Ireland. But before he was well in this Office he died; so did Sir William Aylesbury about 8 Months after he came over with Sedgwick; and after his Death, was by the Commissioners made one of them; for in the Intervals, the Arms was Commanded by the Commissioners, and the chief power lodged in them, who succeeded, and appointed one another when any Died or went away. On General Sedgwicks' death, the Commands Reverts again on Col. Doyly. In this time the condition of the Army, if it was possible, grew yet more lamentable; those that were not sick were discontented and Mutinous, ready to have run to the Spaniards, if they had known where to have found them, which occasioned the Dispute between Major Throgmorton and the General: for the Major was employed by the Officers of the Army to Petition the Commissioners for our Pay; if an Army, for subsistence; to return, if no Army. Col. Doyly was privy to this, but before the Commissioners denied it, which made Throgmorton Impeach him; to make which good, he was secured, and Col. Doyly afterwards; when Goodson the chief Commissioner forms a trifling Charge against him; and in defending himself, Throgmorton (a passionate young Gentleman; alleged the Court Martial had no power to Try him; whereupon he was thrust rudely out of the Court, and the holding up his Hand to save his Head, when the Marshal offered to strike him with the Hilt of his Sword, was on the Marshal General's Oath Judged a resisting of him: so the most unhappy, most ingenious and handsome man that ever was on Jamaica, was shot to death, in which his Col. Barrington had as great a hand as the General.  
In 1657. Cromwell sent over Col. Richard Bryan to Command, with two Regiments out of Scotland and Ireland; the one was his own, the other Col. Moor, both the best men that ever came to Jamaica. During the time of his Government, came Col. Stokes, the Governor of Mevis, as one of the Commissioners, with about 1700 People of all sorts, and they settle at Portmorant, where they began the first Plantation and Civil Government. But almost all these Planters, with General Stokes and General Bryan, die. In a short time Bryan was infinitely lamented, being a wise man, and perfectly qualified for the Command and Design: so the Government again falls to Col. Doyly, that neither loved, encouraged, nor understood Planting: In all this time the Fleet did nothing, only Goodson had taken Santa Martha Rio de Hach, and some such pitiful places that relieved the Sea men, but was no benefit to the Army, which now almost perished by Diseases and want, though they had divers supplies from England, yet the covetousness, and ill conduct of the Officers, hindered them from making the best use of that, and the good Land that they were Masters of. But those that survived, being the most industrious and spirited men, were now grown seasoned and acquainted with the India's, and thereby capable of doing more than the great Army; and Cromwell having sent Capt. Mints in a Third Rate Frigate, Capt. Heytub in a Fifth, and Capt. Heylin in a Sixth, Col. Doyly puts on Board them 300 Soldiers Commanded by Major Wilbraham, Capt. Thomas Morgan, and Capt. Linch, these being got high enough to windward, Landed and took Cumana; afterwards ranged down all that Coast, and Landed again at Puerto Cavalla Babanta, where they took two Ships thence again for Corow, where they met with about 30 or 40 Chests of the King's Money, so returned to Jamaica, with more Plunder in Money, Plate and Jewels than ever was brought thither before by the English.  
In 1658. the Spaniards Landed 300 men at Chircras, on the North side, and endeavoured to Fortify and provide for a great Body that was to come from New Spain, by way of St. Jago de Cuba: But the General having notice, sent a Party that Razed the Fort, and killed and took almost all the Spaniards. Before this time, all the Women and Children were gone to Cuba, and only the men and Slaves remained under the Command of the Governor, who skult up and down the Mountains, and lived so wretched a life, that most of his Negroes had deserted him, and were come in to submit to the English General, under the conduct of one Juan de Bola, an ingenious Slave, that had from Col. Doyly a Commission (as 'twas called) to settle with them at Caymanos by St. Jago, where he Governed them, and was afterwards killed by some of our Runaway Negroes.  
In 1659. the Spaniards sent the long expected Body of men, that consisted of about 1200. who Landed and fortified at Rio Nova, on the North side; as soon as we had notice, the General himself went thither with about 600 choice men and Volunteers that were embarked on the Grantham a Fifth Rate, and Blackmore a Sixth Rate, and some other small Vessels, who Landed the General and his men in the very Port; the next day they Attaqued and took the Fort, the most of the Spaniards being killed and taken in it, which was the bravest and last Action the English Army did on Jamaica, for after this the Spaniard sent no more People or Supplies. But the Governor Don Christopher endeavoured to get off himself. The latter end of this year Col. Doyly sent to Cromwell 10 or 12 Colours as Marks and Trophies of this Victory. But the Messenger Col. Barry found him Dead: so he never had one syllable of any thing that was grateful from the vastest Expense and greatest Design that was ever made by the English.  
In 1660. there was a Mutiny, for which Col. Tyson and Col. Boymond was shot to Death.  
In 1661. his Majesty sent Col. Doyly a Commission for Governor, with order to Disband the Army; upon which he Erects a Civil Government, and People begin to Plant, judging the Island would not be surrendered again to the Spaniard.  
In 1662. came my Lord Windsor a Governor, and brought with him 〈◊〉 Donative of 20000 l. which the King was pleased to give the Army at their Disbanding. My Lord presently after his Arrival, sent Capt. Mims in the Centurion, with some Soldiers to take St. Jago de Cuba, which they performed with most Remarkable Resolution and Success on their return. My Lord being very sick and uneasy, embarks on the Bear for England.  
Sir Charles Littleton in 1633. is Deputed Governor by my Lord Windsor; he sent Capt. Mimms in the Centurion, with divers Privateers and Land-men in the Bay of Campeach, where he bravely enough took the Town, but no great Plunder, neither there nor at St. Jago. In Sir Charles Littleton's time was Charles Fort almost built, the Government formed, and the first Assembly called, and Laws made; But he being sick, and having left all his Family, was likewise disposed to return, and having the King's Licence for; as also an Order to Invest the Council with the Power.  
In the beginning of 1664. the Council chose Col. Thomas Linch their Precedent, and Sir Charles Littleton made him Commander in chief, which he exercised till the Arrival of Sir Thomas Modyford.  
Sir Tho. Modyford came in June, 1664. and a week before him Col. Edw. Morgan; and now People began vigorously to apply themselves to Planting, Sir Thomas understanding and encouraging it exceedingly. In the Griffin he sent his eldest Son, the Major General, for his Lady: But the Frigate and he was both cast away near the Gulf of Florida; so she came not till the year following. At the beginning of his Government he endeavoured a Peace with the Spaniards: But not being able to effect it, he encourages the Privateers; and Capt. Henry Morgan having signalised his courage by burning a Spanish Admiral that shut him and Capt. Pennant, and other Privateers, up in the Bay of Maricaio; Sir Thomas made use of him to Imbody the Privateers, which he effects in the year 1668. and Sir Thomas makes him Admiral. And that joining with several French, by the assistance of a Dutch man, Lands in the Bay, and came over the Mountains by night into the Town of Porto Bello, which they surprised and resolutely took the Castle that commanded the Town: and afterwards that which commanded the Harbour, then quitted both, having— pieces of Eight for delivering the Powder, and not Razing their Forts. With this Money he brought the Plague to Jamaica that killed my Lady Modyford, and many People. And in the year following Sir Thomas Modyford employed Major Beeston to draw the Privateers together again, to serve under Admiral Morgan; which he effected, and they joining with divers French Vessels went for Panama, and bravely took the Fort of Changra. But before they came to Panama, they found it set on fire by the Precedent, so returned to their Ships; but in beating up to Jamaica many Vessels failed, so that Men most miserably perished on barren Islands and Rocks. By this and such like Designs, many brave men were lost, and no real advantage brought to the Island. And in the year 1670. the Treaty about the West Indies was concluded at Madera, and Sir Thomas Modyford removed.  
Sir Thomas Linch made his Majesty's Lieutenant, Governor and Commander in Chief, and arrived at Jamaica, June 24. 1671. The same Month he sent Major William Beeston to Cartagena in the Assistance Frigate to notify the Peace; and the March following, he made Sir Thomas Modyford a Prisoner (aboard the Frigate) and sent him for England for breaking the Peace with the Spaniards, contrary to his Majesty's Express Orders. And five or six Months after Admiral Morgan, on the same account, Sir Thomas Linch endeavoured to procure a good un-understanding between the two Nations, according to the Treaty and his Orders, and put to Death. One Jonson a Dutch man, which was the only Privateer ever suffered for all the Murder, Rapine and Violence those dissolute People have committed on the Spaniards. In his time the Portland took a Caper, and the Thomas and Francis, His Majesty's Hired Ship, and a Privateer, took a Dutch Ship of 544 Negroes, which were more beneficial to the Island than all the Prizes ever brought to it. During the time of his Government, many Ships were loaded with the Product of the Island; before, it never one. And in the end of his Government, Land was risen to five times the value it was at in the beginning. Col. Tassel and Mr. Rogers, at his command, run a Chain round the Island. An exact Map and Survey was sent home by my Lord Vaughan: in his time were abundance of  Imported from Cuba, which brought down their Price from 12 to 14 l. per Head, to 4 and 5 l. In his time Fairs and Markets were Erected at St. Jago, Liguania, Port-Royal, etc. Sir Thomas Linch remitted to the King's principal Secretary of State, a large and exact State of the Government of Jamaica: of the Church, the Laws, the Militia, and Revenue, which was in brief thus:  
His Majesty is Sovereign Lord and Proprietor of this Island, in all Writs, Commissions and Grants; He is styled, King of England, etc. and Lord of Jamaica; the Governor Represents His Person, and is invested with his Power, being enabled by his Commission under the Great Seal, and directed by his Instruction how to Govern; and it is always during his Majesty's pleasure.  
Here 12 Counsellors are chosen by the Governor, and Constituted in all Emergencies and Causes, like the King's Council here, the which they Resemble, and the House of Lords, because they Sat with the Assembly; the Governor cannot suspend them without giving Advice to the Principal Secretary of the Cause. This Government by practice as well as order from His Majesty, is Assimulated as near as possible to that in England, which renders it grateful to the People, who believe they ought to enjoy their Property and Native Right, where they are under the King's Dominion, so nothing be inflicted on them but by the course of Law, nor taken from them but by Acts themselves have consented to. Therefore they have by His Majesty's Order in Jamaica Assemblies that consist of 32 Persons, chosen indifferently by the Freeholders of the 14 Parishes. In these Assemblies the Governor has a Negative Voice: he Calls, Prorogues and Dissolves them at pleasure; the Governor, the Council, and the Assembly are invested with the Legislative Power, and are Convened to make some little Municipal Laws, proper to the usage of the Island, about Governing Servants, Slaves, Officers, Highways, Church, Militia, but chief to raise Money for the support of the Government. What Laws they make are to be sent into England, and to be of force but for two years, unless the King consent; then perpetual, unless Revoked as they were made.  
There is but seven Churches in the Island, that is, one at St. David's, Liguania, Port-Royal, St. Jago, St. john's and Vere. The Governor seems to be the King's Deputy, or Bishop of London's Suffragan, for he Presents and Inducts; and the Parson's being admitted, every Parish is bound to allow 100 l. per annum, at the least, Pot-Royal 200 l. St. Jago 130 l. by Act of the Assembly made in Sir Thomas Linch his time, when only these Parishes  were supplied.  
The Governors' Residence was at St. Jago, more within the Land, and easier for People to apply themselves to him; he named or appointed all the Officers, only such as the King made under the Great Seal of England, as the Secretary of the Island, that makes all the public Dispatches, keeps the Office of enrolment. And the Marshal, who is the Executive Officer of Justice, in the nature of a Sheriff, Usher of the Black-Rod, and Jailor, for the Administration of Justice, and better Government of the Parishes. There is Sessions of the Justices Quarterly held at Morant, Liguania, Port-Royal, St. Jago, St. John Clarendon, St. Elizabeth; every of these Precincts have a particular Custos Rotulorum appointed, who with the Justices and other Officers Present, Reform, Examine and punish all Crimes, Disorders and Misdemeanours that are within their Cognizance by the Laws of England, or those of the Island. All Pleas of the Crown and Civil Causes, are heard and Determined in the Grand Court that Sits Quarterly at St. Jago, and thither Errors and Causes are brought from the Inferior Courts, this being like the Kings-Bench, Court of Exchequer and Assizes in England. In some extraordinary Cases the Governor Grants Commissions of Oyer and Terminer. The Governor is Chancellor and Keeper of the Great Seal of the Island; which the King sent by Sir Charles Littleton to my Lord Windsor. It's a Cross charged with four Pines, the Reverse his Majesty in his Throne, an Indian kneeling and presenting him. All public Commissions and Grants are sealed with this Seal. To every Planter the Governor Grants Thirty Acres per Head, for which he gives his Warrant, than the Surveyor of the Precinct within which it lies, runs it out, and returns it to the Clerk of the Patents, which draws the Grant; so 'tis held of the King in Common, and pays for what Sir Thomas Modyford Granted 25 s. per 1000 for what Sir Thomas Linch Granted a half penny per Acre.  
By an Act of the Assembly an Office of enrolment is Erected, and kept by the Secretary, where the Patent and all Deeds and private Writings are Recorded to prevent Lawsuits and fraudulent Conveyances, and is in the nature of a Registry. All Actions at Law between Neighbours, are tried in the Inferior Courts, which are in the nature of Court Barons here. There's one at Morant, Liguania, Port-Royal, St. john's, Clarendon, St. Elizabeth, and the North side; each Court has its Judge, 12 Assistants, Clerk, Marshal; and any person may plead his own Cause. They hold Pleas of any sum under 20 l. and of greater sums, when they take a Justicias out of the Chancery, which the Governor grants of course; and here all Appeals, with the assistance of some of the Council that sit as the Probate of Wills, Licences for Marriages, etc. are dispatched in the Secretaries Office; and the Governor seems to be in the nature of Judge of the Prerogative Court.  
At Port-Royal is established a Naval Office that takes care of the Entries, dispatches of Vessels, and the observance of their Acts of Navigation.  
The Governor is Vice Admiral to his Royal Highness, and has a Commission to Command all his Majesty's Ships that come to the Island; and likewise a large Commission to Erect Courts of Admiralty, and exercise all those Maratime powers his Royal Highness hath; so there's at Port-Royal a Judge-Admiral, with all the needful Officers that proceed in the Court according to the forms of Admiralty used here and in other parts.  
The Militia is Commanded by the Governor, according to the power he Reigns from His Majesty and the Laws of the Country, for there's a particular Act that appoints the time of Mustering the Persons, the Arms, and the Places of Rendezvous. Here's no Soldiers paid by the King; all the Officers are made by the Governor. At St. Thomas and St. David's is one Regiment, another at St. Andrews, Port-Royal, St. Catherines, St. john's, Clarendon, St. Elizabeth, and North side: and in every one of these Regiments is one Troop of Horse; the Company and Troop that is at St. Jago wait on the General as his Guards on Sundays to Church; and on any other occasion the Regiment at Port-Royal keep the Fort there by half a Company at a time. All the Militia here is much more obedient, useful, better Disciplined and Armed than in England.  
The Revenue of this Island consists in what is properly the Kings, as Quitrents, Fines, Forfeitures, Escheats, Seizures that are Collected by His Majesty's Officer, and accountable to his Order, and a Revenue paid by the Assembly by an Impost on Strong Liquors Imported, and a Tax for Licences for Alehouses; the Licences are received by the Secretary, and the Impost by such Collectors the Governor and Council name and appoint; these, and all that receive any of the Kings or Public Money, give an account thereof to a Treasurer, who Issues it out according to the Governors' Order, of which he gives him and the Council an account once every six Months, and keeps fair and open Books to show the Assembly, or any that desire to inspect them, that every body may see the Money not misapplyed, or ill managed, that they may be encouraged thereby to raise more when needful. In Sir Thomas Linch his time, all the Kings and Countries Deuce did not amount to 3000 l. per Annum, which was not near sufficient to pay the Governor and Officers Sallaries, and maintain the Forts, and defray other contingent Charges.  
This was the manner of Government and State of the Island of Jamaica, when Sir Thomas Linch was remanded thence in 1675.   

Sir Henry Morgan's VOYAGE TO Panama, 1670.  
LONDON, Printed for Thomas Malthus at the Sun in the Poultry, 1683.   

Sir Henry Morgan's Voyage to Panama, 1670.  

At a Council held at St. Jago Delavega the 29th day of June, 1670. by Adjournment; Present,  

His Excellency Sir Tho. Modyford Baronet, Governor,  
Lieutenant General James Modyford,  
Major General Thomas Modyford,  
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Ballard,  
Lieutenant Colonel John Cope,  
Lieutenant Colonel Richard Hope,  
Lieutenant Colonel Robert Bindles,  
Lieutenant Colonel William Ivy,  
Major Thomas Fuller,  
Major Anthony Collier.   
WHereas it evidently appeared to this Board, by a Copy of a Commission sent his Excellency by the Honourable William Berk, Governor of Quariza, that the Queen Regent of Spain did by her Shadula, dated at Madrid the 20th of April 1669. Commanded her respective Governors in the Indies, to make open War against the Subjects of our Sovereign Lord the King in these Parts; and also that the Governor of St. Jago, of Cuba, hath executed the same by granting Commissions of War against us; and lately in a most Hostile manner Landed his Men in three several places on the North side of this Island, marching as far as he durst into the Country, burning all the Houses they came at, killing and taking Prisoners all the Inhabitants they could meet with, and now lately they appeared with three Ships on the South side of this Island at Michaels-hole, within eight Leagues of our chief Harbour, and came near the Shore full of Men; but finding the Inhabitants prepared for them, went out again; and the next day Landed at Paratee-Bay, 18 Leagues to Lee-ward, and there burned two Houses; and that divers of the rest of the Spanish Governors have also granted Commissions, and are levying of Forces against us, and have, as we are credibly informed, made St. Jago of Cuba their present Magazine and their Rendezvous, where their present Forces are to unite and embody, for the speedy Invasion of this Island; which intention, if it be suffered to ripen so far, as that the Enemy be enabled to Land their Forces in this Island, we shall be enforced to quit the present care of our Plantations, and attend on the Enemy's motion, whereby our said Plantation will run to ruin, our Cattle and other Stock run wild, our Slaves take the Woods; and although by chance of War Conquers, put to begin the World again, to our insupportable loss, and most infinite damage to his Majesty's Service.  
And whereas His Majesty hath out of his most Princely foresight and great care of us, directed in his last Article of Royal Instructions, which his Excellency hath been pleased on this extraordinary occasion to communicate to this Board in these words:  
As, forasmuch as there are many things incident to that Government there, for which it is not easy for us to prescribe such Rules and Directions for you as our service, and the benefit of that Island may require, instead of them you are with the Advice of the Council, to take care therein as fully and effectually as if you were instructed by us, of which extraordinary causes giving us due information, you shall receive farther satisfaction from us as our Service shall require; In discharge therefore of that great trust which is by that Instruction put in us by His Majesty's Council of this Place, and in this great and urgent, necessity, we humbly advise and pray your Excellency, for the seasonable prevention of these impending Evils. It may Ordain, and be it so Ordained by his Excellency, and His Majesty's Ciuncil now Assembled, and by Authority of the same, That Commission be granted to Admiral Henry Morgan, to be Admiral and Commander in Chief of all the Ships of War belonging to this Harbour, and of all the Officers, Soldiers and Seamen belonging to the same, requiring him with all possible speed to draw into one Fleet, and with them to put to Sea for the security of the Coast of this Island, and of the Merchant's Ships, and other Vessels Trading to and about the same. And to Attain, Seize and Destroy all the Enemy's Vessels that shall come within his reach; and also for destroying the Stores, Magazines laid up for this War, and disposing such Forces as are or may be brought together for prosecuting the same. That he have power to Land in the Enemy's Country as many of his Men as he shall judge needful; and with them to March to such places as he shall be informed the said Magazines or Forces are, and them accordingly take destroy, and dispose of; and to do and perform all manner of Exploits which may tend to the preservation and quiet of this Island, being His Majesty's chief Interest in the Indies. And that for the better Government of the said Fleet, Officers, Soldiers and Seamen, he have power to execute Marshal Law, according to the Article of War already made, or which hereafter shall be made by his Excellency, the same having been first published unto them. And it is further Ordained, in regard there is no other pay for the encouragement of the said Fleet, That they shall have all the Goods and Merchandises that shall be gotten in this Expedition, to be divided amongst them, according to their usual Rules; and for their better encouragement to engage in this so necessary a Service. It is further Ordained, by the Authority aforesaid, That no person already belonging to the said Fleet shall be molested for his Debts, but are hereby protected until forth Order, of which the Provost Marshal is to take notice of at his peril.  
C. Atkinson, Cl. C.   

Sir Thomas Modyford Baronet, Governor of His Majesty's Island of Jamaica, Commander in Chief of all His Majesty's Forces within the said Island, and in the Islands thereunto Adjacent, Vice Admiral to his Royal Highness James Duke of York, in the American Seas. To Admiral Henry Morgan Esq; Greeting:  
WHereas the Queen Regent of Spain, hath by her Royal Shadula, dated at Madrid the 20th of Apr. 1670. Commanded her respective Governors in the Indies, to publish and make open Wars against our Sovereign Lord the King in these Parts. And whereas the Col. Pedro Baijonaii billa uneba Captain General of the Province of Paragnay, and Governor of the City of St. Jago de Cuba, and its Province, hath executed the same, and lately in a most Hostile and barbarous manner landed his men on the North side of this Island, and entered a small way into the Country, firing all the Houses they came at, killing or taking Prisoners all the Inhabitants they could meet with; and whereas the rest of the Governors in these Parts, have granted Commissions for executing the like Hostility against us, and are diligently gathering Forces together to be sent to St. Jago of Cuba, their General Rendezvous and place of Magazine; and from thence as the most opportune place, to be transported for a thro' Invasion and final Conquest (as they hope) of this Island, for prevention of which their mischievous Intentions, in discharge of that great trust which His Gracious Majesty hath placed in me, I do by virtue of full Power and Authority in such Cases from his most Excellent Majesty, and his Royal Highness James Duke of York, His Majesty's Lord High Admiral, derived unto me, and out of the great confidence I have in the good conduct, courage and fidelity of you the said Henry Morgan, as also of your great Experience you have in Marshal Affairs, both by Land and Sea, and by the advice and consent of His Majesty's Council, constitute and appoint you the said Henry Morgan to be Admiral and Commander in Chief of all the Ships, Barks and other Vessels now fitted, or hereafter shall be fitted for the public Service and defence of this Island, and also of the Officers, Soldiers and Seamen, which are or shall be put upon the same, requiring you to use your best endeavours, to get with the Vessels into one Body or Fleet, and cause them to be well Man'd, fitted, armed and victualled, and by the first opportunity, wind and weather, permitting to put to Sea for the Guard and Defence of the Coast of this Island, and of all Vessels trading to or about the same; and in order thereunto, to use your best endeavours to surprise, take, sink, disperse and destroy all the Enemy's Ships or Vessels, which shall come within your view; and also for preventing the intended Invasion against this place. You are hereby further Authorized and required, in case you and your Officers in your Judgement find it possible or feasible to Land, and attain the said Town of St. Jago de Cuba, or any other place belonging to the Enemies, where you shall be informed the Magazine and Stores for this War are laid up or where any Rendezvous for their Forces to Imbody, are appointed, and there to use your best endeavour for the Seizing the said Stores, and to take, kill and disperse the said Forces. And all Officers, Soldiers and Seamen, which are or shall be belonging to or Embark upon the said Vessels, are hereby strictly enjoined both by Sea and Land, to obey you as their Admiral and Commander in Chief in all things as becometh them; and you yourself are to observe and follow all such Orders as you shall from time to time receive from His most Excellent Majesty, his Royal Highness, or myself.  
Given under my Hand and Seal of Arms this 22d of July, and in the 22d year of our Soveragin Lord King Charles the Second, Anno Dom. 1670. By Command of his Excellency Thomas Modyford.   
Cary Helier, Regist. of the Admiralty. 
Instructions for Admiral Henry Morgan Esq; delivered him the 2d of July 1670. together with his Commission.  
1. YOU will with these Instructions receive my Commission, which you are enjoined with all Expedition to publish and put in due Execution, according to the full extent and import of the same, for the accomplishing whereof, you shall have all the assistance this Island can give you.  
2. You are to make known unto me what strength you can possible make, what your want may be that on a due Calculation of both, we may supply you with all possible speed.  
3. You are to take notice and advise your Fleet and Soldiers that you are upon the old pleasing Account of no purchase no pay, and therefore that all which is got, shall be divided amongst them according to accustomed Rules.  
4. In case you shall find it prudential, as by your Commission you are directed to attain St. Jago of Cuba, and that God blessing you with Victory, you are hereby directed, in case you do it without any considerable hazards, to keep and make good the place and Country thereabout. until you have advised me of our success, and received my farther Orders touching the same, lest your sudden quitting, and their as sudden returning beget us new work, and put us on new charges and hazards for the second defeating.  
5. In order to this you are to proclaim mercy and enjoyment of Estates and liberty of Customs to all the Spaniards, that will submit and give assurance of his Loyalty to His Majesty, and Liberty to all the Slaves that will come in; and to such as by any good service may deserve the same, you are to give notice to their fugitive Master's Plantations to be divided amongst them as rewards for the same, & make them sufficient Grants in Writing, both for their Liberties and Estates, reserving to the Crown of England the fourth part of the produce to be yearly paid for the yearly maintenance of such Forces as shall defend these parts.  
6. In case you find that course to take approvable effect, you are then as much as will stand with the same to preserve the Houses, Sugar-works and Canes; but if otherwise it appear to you, that in reason you cannot make good the place for any long time, and that the Spaniards and Slaves are deaf to your Proposals, you are then with all Expedition, to destroy or burn all Habitations, and leave it as a Wilderness putting the Men-Slaves to the Sword, and making the Women-slaves Prisoners to be brought hither, and sold for account of your Fleet and Army, such of the men also that cannot speak Spanish. Or any new Negro, you may preserve for the same account; or if any Ships present, to carry them for New-England or Virginia, you may send them all on the same Account.  
7. You are to inquire what usage our Prisoners have had, and what Quarter hath been given by the Enemy to such of ours as have fallen under their power, and being well informed, you are to give the same, or rather as our custom is, to exceed in Civility and Humanity, endeavouring by all means to make all sorts of People sensible of your Moderation and good Nature, and your in a pritude and loathness to spill the blood of man.  
8. You have hereby power to execute Marshal Law, according to such Military Laws as have been made by me, and the Laws made by Act of Parliament for the Government of the Fleet, which I approve of as fitting for the Service; and hereby Authorise you to put them in Execution against such as shall offend you, having first published the said Laws unto them, that none may pretend ignorance.  
9 If any Ship or Ships shall present, which have not any Commission, you are hereby impowered to grant Commissions to them according to the form I have used, taking security of 1000 l. Bond for the performance of the same.  
10. What Ships in this Expedition you shall keep with you under your Command, and them order and dispose for the best improvement of this Service, not suffering the takers or pretenders to sell them until they come into their Commission Port.  
11. In regard many things may happen in this Action which cannot be by me fore-seen and provided for in these Instructions, therefore all such Matters are left to your well known prudence and conduct, referring it to you that are in the place, to do therein what shall be needful; thus wishing you good success, and this Island happy thereby, I remain  
St. Jag. Delav. 2 July 1670. 

Your faithful Friend and Servant, Tho. Modyford.  
By his Excel. Command. Cary Helier Reg. of the Admiralty.     

A true Account and Relation of this last Expedition against the Spaniard, by virtue of a Commission given unto H. Morgan by his Excel Sir Tho. Modyford Governor General of His Majesty's Island of Jamaica, with the advice and approbation of His Majesty's Honourable Council fully Assembled; the prosecution of which I humbly here present.  
HIs Commission bearing date the 22 of July 1670. the tenor of which was to fight with, take or destroy all the Ships that I shoul● meet withal belonging to the subject of his Catholic Majesty in the American Seas, as also to Land on the Island of Cuba, attempt the City of St. Jag● upon the said Island, if himself an● the Commanders find it feazible an● farther more to Land in any of th● Dominions of his said Catholic Majesty in America, and to attempt take or surprise by force of Arms any of his said Catholic Majesty's Cities, Towns, Forts, or Fortresses where he should by any intelligences be advised that they were storing up or making Magazines of Arms, Ammunition, or Provisions, or levying any men for the propagating or maintaining of this War against his Majesty's Island of Jamaica.  
1670. In order whereunto they sailed from Port-Royal the 14th of August, with 11 Sail of Vessels, and 600 men, and having rounded the Island, we arrived at the Isle of Ash, the place of Rendezvous the 2 of September following, from whence we having no Advice of the course of the Enemy or their design, we dispatched away Vice Admiral Collier the sixth of the same Month, with six Sail of Vessels, and 350 men, to go for the Course of the Main to get Prisoners for Intelligence for the better steering our Course and managing our design, for the most of his Majesty's Honour and Service, and the safety of Jamaica.  
The last of September arrived to us at the Isle of Ash, Capt. John Morris, who brought with him Imanuel Riveras Vessel of eight Guns, who burned the Coast of Jamaica, having taken him on the Coast of Cuba, and in her three original Commissions, 2 of which they sent his Excellency; the 7th of October following so violent a Storm happened in the Harbour that drove all the Fleet ashore except the Admiral's Vessel, then consisting of 11 Sail; all of which, except three, were got off again and made serviceable.  
In this Month arrived here three French Vessels, and conditioned to sail under our Flag, and in November arrived seven sail more from Jamaica. Now being of force enough to attempt St. Jago, we examined some of our own men, who had been lately there Prisoners; and also those Spaniards that were taken in Imanuel Rivers: One of our men in particular, Captain Richard powel, Captain of the Prize that was River's Ship, who had not been above 30 days from St. Jago, declared that time of year being Winter, and being but one landing place, and that strongly fortified, it was impossible for us to attempt that place without the hazard of the whole Party, and the certain loss of the most, if not all our Vessels, by foul weather; all the knowing Prisoners examined, affirming the same, upon which we relinquished that Design.  
The 20th of the same Month Vice Admiral Collier returned from the Main with good quantities of provisions, and two of the Enemy's Vessels, one of which called the Galerdeene, was assistant to Riveras in the burning the Coast of Jamaica, and in her were 38 Prisoners, who the 29th of the same Month were examined, and what was said by two of the most sensiblest of them redueed into English is as followeth:  

Nou. the 29. 1670.  
The Deposition of Marcus de Cuba, Spaniard, Master Pilot of the Galerdeene Prize, born at the Grand Canaries, aged 47 years or thereabouts, being disposeth saith,  
That he did see the People at Carthagena Listed and all in Arms offensive against the English. And farther saith, that several Spanish Ships have had and now have Commissions from the precedent of Panama, named (Don Juan Perez de Gusman) and that they have taken several Englishmen, and that the last Spaniard have by the said Precedent great encouragement against the Island of Jamaica, and the more by reason of a Fleet fitted out of old Spain for those parts, under the Command and Conduct of one (Don Alonso) and further saith not.  
Sworn the day and year above written Coram. Henry Morgan, and the rest of the Officers of the Fleet.   

Nou. 29. 1670.  
The Deposition, of Lucas Peroz a Seaman, born at Palma, aged 31 years or thereabouts, being disposeth saith,  
That he did see the People at Carthagena, some of them in Arms, others Listing of themselves; and two Ships ready fitted against Jamaica, one with 18, and the other with 12 Guns; and also that the Precedent of Panama hath granted several Commissions against the English, by virtue of which, several English Ships hath been taken, and further saith not.  
Sworn the day and year above written Coram. H. Morgan and the rest of the Officers of the Fleet.   

Upon December the 22d Commanded all the Captains on board me being 37 in number, and demanded their advice what place was fittest to attain for His Majesty's Honour, and preservation of Jamaica; and to put the greater curb to the Insolences of the Enemy; in answer to which they all unanimously agreed on Panama, as by their resolutions under their hand in these words appears.    

On Board the Satisfaction Frigate, Dec. 2. 1670. Honoured Sir,  
WE having seriously considered of what place may prove advantageous for the safety of the English, and more especially for the security of his Majesties Island of Jamaica, to prevent the Invasion of the Spaniards, it being referred by the rest of the Commanders in the Fleet in General to us whose Names are here under written, to pitchupon a placeth at we thought might be most feazible and just to take for the good of Jamaica, and Honour of our Nation; do all of us conclude it stands most for the good of Jamaica, and safety of us all to take Panama, the Precedent thereof having granted several Commissions against the English, to the great annoyance of Jamaica and our Merchant Men, as by the Oaths of two Spaniards, have been made most evidently appear.  
This is the Judgement and Resolution of 

Lieutenant Col. Joseph Bradley,  
Richard Norman,  
Thomas Harrison,  
Robert Delander,  
John Harmonson,  
John Galoone,  
John Pyne,  
Diego Moleene,  
Vice Admiral Ed. Collier,  
Laurence Prince  
John Morris,  
Thomas Rogers,  
Cham Swan,  
Hen. Wills,  
Richard Ludbury,  
Clement Simmons.     

To Henry Morgan Esq; Admiral and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Fleet belonging to the Island of Jamaica, for this present Expedition.  
TO the which the Admiral consented, and having called the Captains again on Board to consult of the manner of carrying on that attempt, and whereby to find Prisoners to be guides for Panama, it was voted that Providence being the King's Ancient propriety, and most of the people there being sent from Panama, that no place could be more fit.  
December the 8th we sailed, and the 14th arrived at Providence by 8 of the Clock in the morning, and by two in the Afternoon were possessed of the great Island without resistance; the 15th, sent a Summons to the Governor to deliver the little Island, who willingly submitted to that he might have good Quarters, and Transportation to any part of the Main, which was granted and duly performed; but four of his Soldiers took up Arms with us, and became our Guides; and by them understanding the Castle of Changra blocked our way, the Admiral called a Council of all the chief Captains, where it was determined to attain the Castle of Changra; and forthwith there was dispatched 470 men in 3 Ships, under the Command of Lieutenant Gol. Joseph Bradly, with 3 Captains and 4 Lieutenants, and upon the 27th were safely landed within four Miles of the Castle by twelve of the Clock, and by two had made their approach one of the other, and by three into Trenches where they continued fight till eight the next Morning, and then had returned re infecta; if in playing of their Granades, they had not by good fortune set a Guard-house on fire that stood upon the Walls, which caused a breach, where our men courageously stormed, and the Enemy as bravely defended it to the last Man, refusing Quarters, which cost them the lives of 360 men, and of our side was lost 30 outright, one Capt. and one Lieutenant, and 76 wounded, whereof the brave Bradly was one, with two Lieutenants, who died within ten days after their wounds, to the grief of himself and all in general.  
Jan. 2. the Adm. arrived with the whole Fleet, and understood that the Enemy lay with Forces to endeavour the taking of the Castle, whereupon he gave order for the Fleet to follow him into the Harbour, but had the ill fortune to be cast away the Ship that he was in, and four more, but saved the men; the rest being come in fell to preparing to go up the River, where they understood the Enemy had entrenched themselves, and had six several retreating Breast-works upon the River.  
Whereupon the Adm. gave order that 7 Sail of lesser Vessels should be rigged to go up the River, and filled them with Men and great Guns; and left to Guard the Castle and the Ships 300 men, under the Command of Captain Richard Norman. Monday the 9th we began our march 1400 men in the said 7 Vessels, and 36 Boats and Cannons.  
Upon the 12th Instant we got to the first Entrenchment, where the Enemy had lately quitted it, and set all on Fire, as they did all the rest, without striking a stroke for it, and there was forced to leave our Ships and Boats with 200 men to Guard them under the Gommand of Captain Robert Delander, and betook ourselves to the wild Woods, where was no path for 24 Miles, but what we cut. The 14th we arrived within two Miles of Venta Cruse, which was the Landing place, where was a very narrow and dangerous passage, where the Enemy thought to put a stop to our further proceeding, but were presently routed by the forlorn, Commanded by Captain Thomas Regers; the rest of our men never firing shot, and without any loss, saving three men slightly wounded; but the Enemy's loss we could never learn. January the 15th we arrived at Venta Cruse, which is a very fine Village, and the place where they Land and Embark all the Goods that comes and goes to Panama, where we though we might be relieved, having marched three days without Victuals, but found it as the rest, all on Fire, and they fled.  
The 16th we began our March, the Enemy constantly galling us with Ambuscades and small Parties, and we still beating of them for a League together, although they had all the advantage that could be of us, the way being so narrow that we could but march 4 a breast, and such a deep hollow, that the Enemy lay over our heads; about noon that day we got to the Savanes safe, with the loss of three men killed outright, and six or seven wounded; and of the Enemy 20 killed, and one Captain, besides many wounded, we marched three Miles further, and then took up our Quarters to refresh our men, and thanked them for that day's service. The 17th we began our March forward, but had no opposition, and about nine of the Clock in the Morning, saw that desired place the South Seas, and likewise a good parcel of Cattle and horses, whereupon the G. commanded a general haste to be made, and our men killed Horses and Beef enough to serve them all; about four of the Clock in the afternoon, our men having refreshed themselves, we marched again, and about five the same day we came in sight of the Enemy; where he lay in Battalions with 2100 Foot and 600 Horse, but finding the day far spent; we thought it not fit to engage, but took up our Quarters within three Miles of them, where we lay very quiet, not being so much as once alarmed. The next morning being the 18. betimes in the morning, the Gen. gave order to draw our men in Battalions, and it was accordingly performed, and they were drawn in the form of a Tertia; the Vant Guard was led by Lieutenant Col. Laurence Prince, and Major John Morris, they being in number 300 men, the body containing 600; the Right wing was led by the Gen. and the left by Col. Ed. Collier, the rear-ward of the 300 was Commanded by Col. Bledry Morgan; after having viewed our men, and a little encouraged them, the G. commanded the Officers every man should repair to his Charge, the Enemy being drawn at such advantage, they still kept their Station; although often provoked, yet would not stir from their Ground, which we presently perceived, and gave order that our men should wheel their bodies to the left, and endeavour to gain a Hill that was hard by, which, if gained, we should have forced the Enemy to fight to their disadvantage, by reason he could not bring out of his great body more men to fight at a time, than we could out of our small body, and likewise that we should have the advantage both of Wind and Sun. The Officers putting this Command in execution, and the Hill, and a dry Gut accordingly gained, the Enemy was forced to fight upon, their long March having not room to wheel his Battle, by reason of a Bogg that was drawn behind on purpose (as he thought) to entrap us, but we taking another ground, in the end proved a snare to himself, whereupon one Francisco Detarro, gave the Charge with his Horse upon the Vant Guard, and so furiously that he came upon the full speed, we having no Pikes, gave order that they should double their Ranks to the Right, and close their Files to the Right and Left inward to their close order, but his career could not be stopped till he lost his life in the front Rank of our Vanguard, upon which the Horse wheel off to the Right, and their Foot advanced to try their Fortunes, but it proved like their fellows, for we being ready with the main Battle to receive them, gave them such a warm welcome, and pursued so close that every one thought it best to retreat, but they were so closely plied by our left Wing, who could not come to Engage at first, by reason of the Hill, that the Enemy's retreat came to plain running. Although they did work such a Stratagem that hath been seldom or never heard of, that is when the Foot Engaged in the Flank, he attempted to drive two Droves of  of 1500 apiece into the Right and Left Angles of the Rear, but all came to one effect, and helped nothing for their flight to the City, where they had 200 fresh men, and two Forts, one with six Brass Guns, the other with eight, and the Streets Barricadoed, and great Guns in every Street, which in all amounted to 32 brass Guns, but instead of fight he commanded the City to be fired, and his chief Forts to be blown up, the which was in such haste that he blew up forty of his Soldiers in it, we followed into the Town, where, in the Marketplace they made some resistance, and fired some great Guns, killed us four men, and wounded five. At three of the Clock in the afternoon we had quiet possession of the City although on fire, with no more loss on our side in this day's work than five men killed, and ten wounded. And of the Enemy about 400 where we were all forced to put the fire out of the Enemy's Houses; but it was in vain, for by 12 at night it was all consumed that might be called the City; but of the Suburbs, there was saved 2 Churches, and about 300 Houses; thus was consumed that famous and ancient City Panama, which is the greatest Mart for Silver and Gold in the whole World, for it receives all the Goods into it that comes from old Spain in the King's great Fleet, and likewise delivers to the Fleet all the Silver and Gold that comes from the Mines of Peru and Potazi. Here in this City we stayed 28 days, making daily Incursions upon the Enemy by Land for 20 Miles round about, without having so much as one Gun shot at us in anger, although we took in this time near 3000 Prisoners of all sorts, and kept likewise Barks in the South Seas, crusing and fetching of Prisoners that had fled to the Islands with their Goods and Families.  
Feb. 14. we began our March towards our Ships, with all our Prisoners; and the next day came to Venta Cruse about 2 in the afternoon, which is from Panama five English Leagues, where we stayed refreshing ourselves till the 24th. the 26th we came to Changra, where the Plunder was divided amongst the Soldiers and Seamen, which amounted to about 30000 l. The sixth of March we fired the Castle, spiked the Guns, and began our Voyage for Jamaica, where some are arrived, and the rest daily expected. The reason that there was no more Wealth, was because they had two months' notice of us, and had Embarked most of their Treasure into Ships, and sent them to Lima in Peru; one Ship w●s laden with Gold, Silver and precious Stones, that contained 700 Tuns, and one of 300 Tuns.  
Jan. 31. 1671. By Command John Peeke Secretary.   

At a Council held at St. Jago the 31 of May 1671.  
Present, 

His Excellency Sir Tho. Modyford Baronet, Governor,  
Lieutenant Col. John Cope,  
Lieutenant Col. Robert Brindlos,  
Lieutenant Col. William Ivy,  
Major Cham Whitfield,  
Major Antho. Collier,  
Capt. Henry Molesworth,    
Admiral Henry Morgan gave the Governor and Council a Relation of a Voyage to Panama, who gave him many thanks for the Execution of his late Commission, and approved very well of his acting.  

This is a true Copy of the Record, Cham Atkinson, C. C. The Deposition of John Peeke Gentleman, aged 30. years or thereabouts, taken before the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Linch Knight, Governor of Jamaica, this 3d day of April 1682.  
The Deponent saith that he was Secretary to Admiral Henry Morgan all the Panama Voyage, and that he wrote all his Letters, and saw those that were sent to the said Admiral from Sir Thomas Modyford, or any other person in Jamaica, that he was present when the two Spaniards, Marcus de Cuba, and Lucas Perez were sworn on board the Satisfaction, and that upon their deposition, it was resolved by the Commanders that they would attain Panama, and that Sir Thomas Modyford had knowledge of the Design by a Ship that was sent on purpose, and that Col. Bledry Morgn Came to the fleet in a Sloop that departed from Jamaica, ten days after the arrival of the said Ship, and that Sr. Thomas Mudyford in his Letter which he sent by the Sloop gave no Countermand at all. And this deponent further saith, that this is a true Copy of the Journal which was delivered to the Council the 13 of May, for which they gave him thanks and ordered it should be recorded. And this deponent further remembers that the Sloop which came to them and brought Sr. Thomas Mudyfords letter, in answer to these which were sent upon the advice they gave of their resolutions for Panama, arrived three days before we marched for the City, and further, this Deponent saith not.  
Sworn Coram this 3 day of April, 1672. 

John Peeke  
Tho. Lynch.       

A short account of the Life of Christopher Collumb or Collumbus the first Doscoverer of Jamaica.  
COllumbus was born at Cugnero, or (as some say) at Nervi, in the Territory of Genoa; he was a Mariner from a Child, and traded into Syria, and other parts of the East. After this he became a Master in making Sea Carts, and went to Portugal to Learn their Navigations on the Coast of Africa.  
The Spaniards who Envy the Honour of the Discovery of the New World to a stranger, Report that a certain Caravel sailing in the Ocean by a strong East Wind, long continuing was carried to a Land unknown, which was not expressed in the Maps and Cards, it was much Longer in Returning than in Going; and arriving, had none left alive but the Pilot, and three or four Mariners, the Rest being Dead of Famine and other Extremities, of which also the Remnant perished in fews days, leaving to Collumbus (than the Pilots Host) their papers, and some grounds of this Discovery; the time place, Country and name of the man, is Uncertain; some Esteem this pilot an Andaluzian, and that he traded at Madera when this befell; some a Biscaine, and that his traffic was in England and France; and some a Portugal, that traded at the Mina; some say he arrived in Portugal, others at Madera, or at one of the Azores; all agree that he Died in the house of Christopher Collumbus, it is most Likely at Madera. This Relation as it hath no witness to prove it, the whole company being dead, nor any good circumstances, so the most look on it to be a fable and Spanish trick, envying a foraigner and Italian that Glory to be the first Finder of the Indies, and the most Judicious and sincere of the Spaniards themselves esteem but a tale, as appears by the Testimony of Gorsalo Fernando De Omedo in his Summary, and more fully in his General History of the Indies they show, and and so doth he which then Lived in the Court of Spain; Peter Martyr another Cause that moved Collumbus to this Discovery and not that Pilots paper or Reports; for he being a Mariner used to Sea from his youth; and sailing from Cales to Portugal, observed that at certain seasons of the year the winds used to blow from the West, which continued in that Manner a long time together, and believing that they came from some Coast beyond the Sea; he busied his mind so much therewith, that he Resolved to make some trial and proof thereof. When he was now forty years old he propounded his purpose to the Senate of Genoa; undertaking if they would lend him Ships he would find a way by the West, unto the Island of Spices, but they Rejected his proposals as Idle fancies.  
Columbus frustrate of his hopes at Genoa, yet leaves not his Resolution but goeth to Portugal; and Communicates this Matter with Alphonsus' King of Portugal, but finding no Entertainment to his suit, he sends his Brother Bartholomew Collumbus to King Henry the seventh of England to solicit him in the Matter, while, himself passed into Spain to Implore the Aid of the castilian herein.  
Bartholomew in his Voyage to England, unfortunately fell into the hands of Pirates, which Robbed him and his company, and forced him to sustain himself with making of Sea Cards; and having gotten somewhat about him, presents a Map of the World to King Henry; with his Brother's offer of Discovery, which the King Gladly accepted and sent for him into England. But he had speed of his suit before in Spain, and by that King and Queen was employed according to his Request, for coming from Lisbon to Pallos di Moguer; and then conferring with Martin Alonso Pinzon, an expert Pilot, and Friar Jo. Perez a good Cosmographer; he was Counselled to acquaint these with his project; the Duke De Medina Sidonia and of Medina Celi, which yielding him not Credit, the Friar Counselled him to go to Court, and wrote in his Behalf to Friar Fernandi Di Telavera the Queen's Confessor.  
Christopher Collumbus came to the Court of Castille, Anno 1486. and found cold welcome to his suit at the hands of the King and Queen busied with Hot Wars in Granada; whence they expelled the Moors; and thus remained he in Contempt as a Man meanly Clothed, without other patron than a poor Friar, save that Alonso Di quintalignia gave him his Diet, who also at the last procured him Audience of the Bishop of Toledo; by whose Mediation he was brought before the King and Queen; who gave him favourable Countenace and promised to Dispatch him when they had ended the wars of Granada, which also they performed. Thus Collumbus is set forth with three Caravals at the King's charges, who, because his treasure was then spent in the Wars, Borrowed 16000 Ducats of Lavis De Sanct Angelo; and on Friday the 3 of August, in the year of our Lord 1492 in a Ship called the Gallega, accompanied with the Pinta and Ninna; in which the Pinzors' Brethren went as pilots, with the Number of 120 persons or thereabouts, set sail for Gomera; one of the Canary Islands; and having there Refreshed himself followed his Discovery; after many Days he Encountered with an Herby Sea which looked like a green Field, so thick that he could scarce see the water, which not a little amazed the Spaniards and had caused their Return, had not the sight of some Birds promised them Land not far of. He taught the Spaniards to observe the Sun and Pole in their Navigation, which till this voyage they had not used nor known.  
But the Spaniard after three and thirty days sailing, Desperate of success, Mutined and threatened to cast Collumbus into the Sea; disdaining much that a stranger a Genois had so Abused them: but he pacified their Enraged fury with Mild Speeches and Gentle promise. On the eleventh day of October one Rodrigo De Triana espied and cried, Land, Land, the best Music that might be, Especially to Columbus; who to satisfy the Spaniards Importunity had promised the day before, that if no Land appeared in 3 Days he would Return. One the Night before had Descried fire, which Kindled in him some hope of great Reward at the King's Hand when he Returned into Spain; But being herein frustate he Burned into such a flame as that it consumed Both Humanity and Christianity in him, and in the Agony of Indignation made him Leave his Country and Faith, and Revolt to the Moors, But Collumbus, how can I but Remember, but Love, but Admire, sweetly may those Bones Rest; Sometimes the pillars of that Temple where so Divine a spirit Resided, which neither want of former Example nor public Discouragements of Domestic and foreign states, not private Insultation of proud Spaniards, nor length of time, which generally Devoureth the best Resolutions, nor the unequal plains of Huge unknown Seas, nor Grassy Fields in Neptune's Lap, nor Inportunate Whispering, Murmuring, threatening of enraged companions could daunt. O name Collon, worthy to be named to the World's end; which to the World's end hast conducted Colonies; or may I call thee Collumbo, for thy Dovelike simplicity and patience; the true Collonna or Pillar whereon the knowledge of the new World is founded; the true Christopher, which with more than Giantlike force and Fortitude, hast Carried Christ his name and Religion through unknown Seas, to unknown Lands, which we hope & pray that it may be more Refined than Popish Superstition, and Spanish pride will yet suffer. Now let the Ancients no Longer Mention Neptune, Minos, Erithras or Danaus; to all which Divers authors Diversely Ascribe the Invention of Navigation Missians, Tirrians, Trojans veil your bonnets, strike your Topsail to this Indian Admiral, that deserveth the Topsail indeed, by aspiring to the top that sailing could Aim at in Discovering another World; Let Spaniard, French, England and Dutch Resound thy name, or his name rather, whose name who can tell, Psal. 30.4. that would acquaint thee and the World by the news of a new World.  
But lest we drown ourselves in this Sea of Ecstasy and Admiration, let us go on shore with Collumbus, in this new discovered Island, and first methinks I see the Spaniards yesterday in Mutiny, now as far Distracted in Contrary passions, some gazing with greedy eyes on the Desired Land, some with tears of Joy not able to see that which the Joy of seeing made them not to see. Others Embracing and almost adoring Collumbus, who brought them to that sight, some also with secret Repining, Envying that glory to a stranger, but biting in their biting Envy, and making show of Glee and Gladness; all new awaked out of a long trance into which that stepmother Ocean with Danger, Death, Dread, Despair had Dejected them; Revived now by the sight of their Mother Earth; from whom in unknown Arms they had been so long weaned and detained. On than they go, and felling a tree, make Cross thereof, which they there Erected, and took Possession of that new World in the name of the Catholic King; this was done on the 11 of October, Anno. 1492 In the Island Guana hani, one of the Lucai, which Collumbus named San Saluatore; from whence he sailed to Baracoe a Haven on the North side of the Island Cuba; when he went on Land and asked of the Inhabitants for Cipango (Japan) they understanding him of Cibao (where are the Richest Mines of Hispaniola) signed him that it was in Haiti (so was the Island then Called) and some of them went with him thither.  

Some think Collumbus did run on ground on purpose that he might Leave some behind him.  What Worldly Joy is not Mixed with some Disaster after their Admiral here spliteth on a Rock, but the men are saved by the help of the other Ships. This fell out in the North part of Panicola (so named by them) where they had sight of Inhabitants, who seeing these strangers Ran all away into the Mountains; one woman the Spaniards took, whom they used Kindly, and gave her Meat, Drink and  and so let her go, she declaring to her people the Liberality of these new comers, easily persuaded them to come in troops to their shipping thinking the Spaniards to be some Divine Nation sent thither from Heaven: They had before taken them for the Caribbes, which are Certain Cannibals; which use Inhuman Hunt for Humane Game, to take men for to eat them; Children likewise which they gelded to make them more fat; and then to devour them; the women they did not eat, but used them for Procreation, and if they were old, for other Services. The Islanders had no other Defence against them but the Woody Hills, and swiftest Heels; to which they betook them at the Spaniards arrival, thinking them (as 'tis said) to be Cannibals, and such have they since proved in effect, not leaving of three Millions of people, which here they found so many hundreds, and that long-since the Devil had forewarned them of this by Oracle, that a bearded Nation should spoil their Images, and spill the blood of their Children, which was all verified, as may be seen by any that has been Conversant in such Tracts as Treats of those parts.  
Collumbus obtained leave of Guacanarillus the Cacick or King, to build a fort in which he Left 38 Spaniards, and taking with him 6 Indians, Returned to Spain, where he was highly welcomed by the King and Queen. Some Controversy fell out between Collumbus and one of the Pinzons, Masters of one of the Caravels, about leaving those men behind; but Collumbus sent a Letter to Reduce him to peace by the Indians, who held the Letter in a most Religious Regard thinking it had some Spirit or Deity, by which they could understand one another being absent.  
The Pope (than a Spaniard) Alexander the 6 hearing of this, divided the World by his Bull betwixt the Portugal and Spaniards, bearing date the 4 of May 1493. Drawing a Line one hundred Leagues beyond the Island of Azores and Cape verde; this Alexander giving (more than great Alexander could conquer) the East to the one and West to the other. The Bull soon after turned into a Unicorn, his 2 horns grew into one by the uniting of these two Nations.  
Collumbus Graced with the title of Admiral, and Enriched with the tenths of the Spanish Gains in the Indies, is sent a second time with his Brother Barthol. who was made Deputy of Hispaniola; they had fifteen hundred men; the first Island he Espied in his Second Navigation he called Desteada, or Desired, because he had longed to see Land, arriving in Hispaniola, he found the Indians had Murdered these 38 Spaniards which he had left there, and lay the blame on the Spanish Insolences. He now built and peopled the town of Isabel, which was their chief place of Residence and Government, which in the year one thousand four hundred ninety eight, was Removed to the City of San. Domingo; they built also the fort of S. Thomas. But both in the one and the other, the Spaniards Died of famine through the Indians wilfulness, who unwilling to have such Neighbours, would not plant their Maze and Jucca, and so starved both themselves and their Guests. As for the Pox the Spaniards in this Voyage got it of the Indian women, and brought them into Spain, and they after paid the Indians in Recompense with a Disease as deadly and Infectious to them which consumed thousands, and was never known before amongst them: That is the small Pox, the other were Improperly named of the French; or of Naples, seeing that in these wars of Naples, which the Spaniards Maintained against the French; some carried this Disease with them out of Spain and communicated the same both to the French and Neapollitans, having been usual and easily Curable in the Indies. Another disease also assaulted them of a little kind of flies, called Niguas, which would eat into and Breed in the flesh, and made many lose their toes.  
Collumbus at this time Discovered Cuba and Jamaica, with the Neighbour Isles, Returning to Spaniola, he found his Brother and the Spaniards in Dissension and separation, and punishing the Authors of sedition, Returned home. In the year of our Lord 1492 he made his third Voyage and then touched on the Continent, Discovered Cubagua paria and Cumana.  
But Roldanus Ximenius raising a Rebellion and accusing the Collumbi to the King, effected that Bovadilla was sent Governor into Spaniola, who sent the two Brethren Bound as Prisoners to Spain; Base ingratitude; for the brave attempt of the worthies, the King freeth them and Employed Christopher a fourth Voyage, Anno 1502. in which Ovandus the Governor forbidden Collumbus, the first finder, to Land on Hispaniola.  
He then discovered Guanaxa, Higvera, Fondura, Veragua, Vraba, and learned news of the South Sea. He stayed at Jamaica to Repair his fleet, where some of his men were sick, and then they which were sound in Body were more than sick, froward and tumultuous in Behaviour, and many left him; upon this occasion the Islanders also forsook him, and brought in no victualling; herewith Collumbus neither able to abide nor departed, was driven to his shifts, no less admirable for subtlety then Resolution; he told the Islanders, that if they did not bring him in provision the Divine anger would consume them; a sign thereof they should see in the Darkened face of the Moon 2 Days after, at that time he knew the Moon would be Eclipsed, which the simple Islanders seeing, with fear and Grief, humbled themselves to him, and offered themselves ready to all kind and dutyful offices.  
At last returning into Spain he there died, Anno 1506. his body was buried at Sevil in the Temple of the Carthusians. This was the end (if ever there can be an end) of Collumbus. Pinzenus, one of Collumbus his Companions, by his Example invited, made new Discoveries: Vespatius, and Cabbet, and many other every day making new Searches and Plantations, till the World at last is come to the knowledge of this new World almost wholly.  
FINIS.