DE VENENIS: OR, A Discourse OF POISONS, THEIR Names, Natures, & Virtues; With their several SYMPTOMS, PROGNOSTICS, and ANTIDOTES.  
BY W. R. M. D.  
LONDON: Printed for Samuel Speed, at the Rainbow in Fleetstreet, near the Inner Temple-gate. 1663.   

TO THE Most High and Mighty MONARCH The Kings most Excellent Majesty CHARLES The SECOND.  
By the especial Grace, and most singularly miraculous providence of GOD, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, with the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging, Defender of the Faith, etc.  
May it please your Majesty,  
Such are the froward perverse Humours and Spirits of most Men with whom we Convers and live in these apostatizeing times, and last days described by the 
* And in 2 Pet. 2.10, 12, 13.  Apostles 2 Tim. 3.4, 5. That truth itself may not be spoken without passing under the severest censures their Depraved Fancies and Imaginations can suggest unto them. Yet, having that within me which is a continual Feast, And which is sufficiently able to Arm and Defend me from the sharpest Arrow their malicious Tongues can shoot and sputter against me, I shall not forbear to testify my joy, and congratulate your Majesty's most miraculous Restauration by this my Dedication; notwithstanding thereby I shall only discover a will to desire, having no skill to deserve the least Countenance from your Majesty. And having no better a Present at presant, nor other way to manifest that Loyalty which hath for many years kept me under a Cloud, I thought better bestow a mite, them nothing at all: not that I presume I can add in the least to your Majesty's Virtues, or merit by all that I can, do or have done or said, I am sufficently sensible that when I have done and suffered to the utmost, it is but my Duty, and if your Majesty shall so far Condescend as to take the smallest Cognisance thereof, I must ever brag and boast of superlative favour and greatest honour that so mean a shrub and unworthy a subject as myself can possibly be capable of. And for such as weigh me in the false Balance of their own Judgements to think other them my words Declare; or take me to swim down the stream of Flattery and Time-servingnesse with the major part of the World (which my Soul ever abhorred) that for secular ends and their own advantage, turn as the Weather-Cook upon a Steeple; wrong themselves more than me, who to my familiar acquaintance was ever known to be firm and true, to that of Prov. 24.21. Manger all the Temptations which years of Calamities could force upon me; Witness my last Dedications to my Quadripartite, Entitled, Astrology Restored, Published Anno 1653. At which time every one did what seemed good in his own eyes, there being no King in England; Though at that same time there arose such a thing as the Frantic people and the giddy part of the world esteemed equivolent to Sacred Majesty, verifying that Parable of Jotham, Judg. 9 verse 14. and 15. especially (whereby your poor subjects have been so scratched and clawed, that your Majesty can hardly know them, they are so strangely metamorphosed) Nobility laid aside, and he that ran might read, Prov. 28.2. in the very frame of our Government: And that in Psalm 12.8. was found true in all our streets. But blessed be the wise Disposer of all things that hath given us some hopes of a blessing upon our Land, since we may boast of the next words, Eccles. 10.17. more than any people in Christiandome, no King for so many hundred of years in Europe, (nay, I think I may safely say, in the whole world) is lineally Descended from Nobles, nay Kings, As ours. Let us therefore remember that truth, 1 Sam. 15.23. And to follow the Command of the HOLY-GHOST, Eccle. 10.20. That Job's Reprehension, Job 34.18. may never rise up against us more. For since there is no Power but of GOD, Rom. 13.12, 3. v. 5. & 1 Pet. 2.13. And therefore we are enjoined to be obedient; much more is our engagement thereunto when there is so apparent an Hand of Divine Providence, Justice, Goodness, most singularly and miraculously shown in the Restauration and establishing of your Majesty over us, even in a time when there was, in all Human Probability, no hopes; that so we might see the Finger of the LORD, and that it was he only that could redeem us out of the Egyptian Bondage and Slavery we groaned under; And by such 
* For in human Reason, Fleetwood, who was General, and Commanded all the Forces, should have employed them for his Brother Rich. P. Establishment (his ends being bound up also in his) then for the pulling of him down. Which was the ●ui●e of both.  unlikely means; By the struggling and striving of a few Ambitious Spirits, that were blinded therewith, so that they knew not where their own safety lay, was this happy birth occasioned; And, which is most of all, without the least Bloodshed. This is 
† Psal. 118 23. Matth. 21.42.  marvellous in our 
* And not to be paralleled in any story Sacred or profane. Which miraculous providence me thinks, should silence & quiet the Tongues and Spirits of all rebels.  eyes, and should be for a perpetual joy unto us! And, Certainly, GOD doth never work any extraordinary work, but to some extraordinary end, which we have as much reason to expect, as any people under heaven, if our sins and wantonness under so great mercies prevent not. For, we see and know, that since the rising of so glorious a Sun as your Majesty in our Hemisphere, all the mists of Disorder, Confusion, Discord and Trouble which over spread us, And those dark and horrid fears of perpetual War, Dissension, Desolation and Destruction, as Mists and Fogs upon the Souls and Spirits of good Men, are wholly Dissipated and Dispersed; So that we hope to have Peace and Righteousness upon their true and Right Basis to all Generations settled. And, as we doubt but it will be your Princely care in these more weighty matters; So we can no less then daily expect a Rectification of other abuses, And a perfect Cure of other evils which are Epidemically Reigning among us. As, to trouble your Majesty but with the mention of 
* Although we might mind your Majesty of an Infinite many more. Yet we shall only hint at one, which makes divers of your Majesty's suffering Subjects & Servants, sick at the very Heart. That they must be still equally sufferers now under your Majesty's Just Power and Government, as formerly under Oppressors; Because Mammon the God of the World is not their friend so much as such who have been your Majesty's Enemies. And therefore their interest in friends (as friends go now) is as slender. And, although, I, for my own part, can plead no merit, Loyalty being my Duty; Yet, if your Majesty would be pleased to take notice of such who have been wholly ruined by the fall of your Majesty's Father of Glorious Memory, (as I have beme for one) to whom my Father was not only a Servant, both in the Bedchamber and Privy-Chamber, but also to your Majesty's Royal Grandfather all his Reign in England, And likewise TO YOUR MAJESTY WHILST PRINCE, that we be kept from Ruin, it will be the Highest piece of Kingly bounty imaginable:  one, And that is, the more than ordinary abuse of THAT MOST NOBLE ART OF PHYSIC, by Illiterates, Quackes, Mountebancks, and Empirics, that have been, are, and will be, if not prevented, the Ruin of more of your Majesty's Loyal and Faithful Subjects, then either the Sword or Plague. The Employment is Weighty, Difficult, and of greater Importance than most of the world are capable either to apprehend or believe. As our Learned Father of Physicians HIPPOCRATES most excellently shows in Aphorism Sect. 1. Aphoris. 1. Where he says, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. & therefore, as he also very well observes, Lib. De Lege, He that will be a Physician, Horum omnium Compotem esse debere. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Or, as in Lib. De Decent. Habitu, it is expressed in short, Medico futuro necessaria sunt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; Natura, Doctrina, seu Scientia Doctrina Comparata, & usus, seu exercitatio. For, such indeed are worthily called Physicians, that are both learned and skilful, and none else. But, that which must give life unto all (according to Hypocrates) is, A Natural Inclination, Ingenuity, Wit, Fancy, and Aptness to Learn, sufficient Reason, Judgement, Memory, Ex quovis ligno non fit Mercurius, Every one thus endued, is not fit to make a Scholar, neither are all Scholars sit to be Physicians. What is said of all Disciplines.  Tu nihil invita dices faciesve Minerva, 
Is likewise verified in Physic, in a Physician chief. And that withal, he have a sharp apprehension to discover what will be the event of this, or that, and by the Signs, to discern even hidden Destempers before there be the least appearance of them; As also to know the Causes, Indications and Method to be followed in the Cure.  
In all which, that a Physician may be the more complete, It is most requisite he be well Learned in these Seven Particulars.  
1. LANGUAGE or Knowledge of the Tongues, especially Latin and Greek, that he may the better understand the vast Labours and Volumes of our 
* Among which, the chiefest are, Hypocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Galen, Aretaus, Rufus Ephesius, Paulus Aeginetus, Oribafius, Aetius, Tralianus, Philaretus, Theophilus, Nicolas Mirepsus, Actuarius, Archengenus, Appollonius, etc. which wrote in Greek.  Ancients, and 
† Donatus Antonius ab Altomari, Alexander Massarias', Amatus Lu●itanus, Aurelius Cornelius Celsus, Guilielmus Rondeletius, Bernardus Gordonius, Victorinus Trincavellus, Nicholas Piso, Carolus Piso, Hieronimus Mercuri●lis, Petrus Forestus, Joannes Crato, Joannes Baptista Montanus, Felix Platerus, Hercules de Saxonia, Joannes Fernelius, Leonhartus Fuchsius, Duncanus Liddelius, Joannes Riolanus, Matheus De Gradibus, Vidus Vidius, Valescus De Taranta Benedictus Victorinus Foventinus, Nicholas Florentinus, Julius Alexandrius, Valesius, Christophorus A vega, Thomas A vega, Ludovicus Mercatus, Guallerus Bruel, Zacutus Lucitanus, Joannes Heiurnius, Daniel Sennertus, Paracelsus, Van Helmont, Lazarus, Riverius, Capivaccius, Stockerus, Weirus, etc.  Neotericks, and, if they had 
‖ Rhasis, Mesues, Alsaharav●us (or Albucasses▪ as some call him) Avicenna, Averro, Avenzoar, Serapio, Haly Abbas, Haly Rhodaham, Rabbi Moses, etc.  Hebrew & Arabic it were not amiss, since many old Writers also, wrote in those Tongues; And, Translations, many times, vastly vary from the original Copies, whereby many mistakes and much mischief is occasioned.  
2. PHILOSOPHY, That so, he may know the subject on which he is to work, man's Body; with all its parts, the Elements, Humours, Spirits, the uses and temperament of every part, the Animal faculties and functions, That diseases may the better be discovered, with their several Causes, And Signs both Diagnosticks and Prognostics, And the right Method of Cure, which is the end of Physic; To know how to order, rectify and prescribe, according to the present Condition, Constitution, and Temper of the Patient, what may prevent further evils, Conserve health where it is, and restore it where it is lost,  
So that without Philosophy a man can never be a good Physician; Quod enim optimus Medicus, idem est & Philosophus, Galen proves in a peculiar Book by itself. For, ubi desinit Physicus, incipit Medicus. As Aristotle well observes.  
3. LOGIC is Requisite for a Physician (Logismus est actus rei in Hominem) And is, indeed, the first in order of all Arts: for, the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in the thing, must needs be before 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in it. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 enim est actus rei ab Homine, in Hominem. Without which Discipline, he can never be able to give a perfect Definition of any Disease, or Symptom of a Disease, much less a reason why it is so.  
4. ASTRONOMY, for, the knowledge of the Ascensions, Culminations, and settings of the Stars, with their Right, and obliqne Ascensions, Several Positions and Declinations, is, also, of great and eminent use. And for the knowledge of the several Quarters of the year, and such like; But, especially, (as SENNER TUS thinks who is the PRINCE OF OUR NEOTERICK PHYSICIANS) As it is an help, furtherance, and introduction to ASTROLOGY  
The 5 th'. and most necessary Discipline of all the rest. Not as it is commonly practised (and indeed, abused) by broken Mechanics, and Illiterate Novices (And hath beme of late years, when every one did what seemed best in his own eyes) bringing shame and contempt upon that Noble and worthy Art, which, because (as the Learned know) it is of excellent use in Physic, they under that Colour, Deceive men of their monies, and foo them out of their lives, There being more Empirical Impostors praetending to Astrology, that are very Idiots, Cheats, Illiterate, and of the vulgar sort; Then of any other kind whatsoever, (which abuse, it could be wished, your Majesty would likewise Amend, and restrian this their Licentiousness, which on every Post and Pillar through all the streets of this City of LONDON, (wherein notwithstanding there is a COLLEGE OF ABLE AND LEARNED PHYSICIANS) they publish not only to the seducing, but ruinating of many of your Majesty's poor Subjects.  
I say, it is not this I allow, or speak for, in this place; but the Pure Astrology of the Ancients, without which, Hypocrates and Galen accounted a Phisian a fool; Advising men not to trust themselves or their lives in such men's hands. And without which, Avicenna accounted them Butchers, rather than Physicians; Homicidas Medicos Astrologiae Ignaros. And Thurnesserus, Paracelsus, with others, will admit of no Physician without it; Medicus sine Coeli peritia nihil est. Many Physicians, I know, are of the Contrary Opinion; But, as, the one is too nice, the other is too remiss. To mediate, therefore, between both, I shall, in short, give your Majesty, what may justly be said for it; In these two propositions. 1. Whosoever is ignorant of the Causes of the Alterations of the temperatures of men's bodies, by which Diseases are occasioned, must needs be ignorant in the Cure, and of that which much conduces and helps thereunto. But men's Bodies altar in their temperatures with the seasons, which change according to the Motions and Places of the several Constellations and Celestial bodies, whence follow many Infirmities and Diseases. Ergo, whosoever is ignorant of Astrology, that is, that do not know the Influences of the stars, which cause Diseases, and alter our Temperatures, are ignorant of the Cure. And therefore that Astrology is necessary to be known by all such as practise Physic, will not be denied.  
For so Hypocrates stiffly maintains, in Lib. De Aëre, Aqua & Locis; And therefore concludes (in many parts of his works) that Man who is ignorant in the Natures and Virtues of the Celestial Bodies, is blind and in the Dark. Referring all Alterations in our Bodies and Diseases, to the Stars and mutations of the Moon. So doth Galen throughout all his works, especially in Lib. 3. De D●● bus Decretoriis, Cap. 2▪ 3, 4, & 5. etc. Secondly, whatsoever discovereth unto us the state and C●●sis of an acute disease, And is the only true and exact way to the knowledge thereof, is fit to be studied & known by all Physicians. But Astrology, and it only, by the Knowledge of the Motions, Nature, Positions, and influences of the Moon, discovers unto us the true Crisis in all sharp and violent Diseases (as is abundantly showed by Galen in his Books, De Diebus Decretoriis, & De Crisibus, Avicenna, Lib. 4. Fen. 2. Tract. 2. Cap. 2. Joannes Fernelius, Lib. 2. De Abditis Rerum Causis, Cap. 10. Daniel Sennertus, Pract. Med. Lib. 3. Part. 3. Cap. 12. Et in Methodo Discendi Medecinam, & in Institutionibus, etc. Andothers') Ergo, Astrology and the Nature, Motions, Influences, etc. of the Sun, Moon, and Stars, are requisite to be studied and known by all Physicians. And, as Acute Diseases follow the Moon; So do Chronic, the Course of the Sun; As common experience evineeth us: And it i● d●●ly seen that Quartain Agues begin with the Autumnal equinoctial, and end in the Vernal. Wherefore, Avicenna Ascribeth Health to the fortunate Stars, And sickness to the unfortunate; In Contie. Part 〈◊〉. Text 104. Nay, Paracelsus, De Pod●gra, Ascribes more to Stars, than Humours, stiffly affirming the Constellation alone, may be a cause of Diseases, without the mediation of any Humours at all; Instancing in Lunatics, which Distemper, As Reason, and common Experience evinceth, followeth the Course of the Moon. As I have noted in my Astrology Restored, Lib. 1. Cap. 4. And in divers places of my 
* A Book yet in manuscript, and not condemned to be pressed.  Mel Medicorum.  
Neither is it my Opinion only, that astrology should be well studied and ●●own by all that practice physic, to Instruct them in the Nature of Diseases, their Causes, finding out their true Crisis (which can not otherwise, with Certainty, ●e Discovered) And other most necessary beings, conducible to the perfecting of the Cure; But also, over and above those Authors before mentioned, it is the Advice of Joannes Crato, Joannes Picinus, Joannes Hos●urtus, Antonius Mizaldus, Joannes Bodinus, Ber●ardus Gordonius, Magninus, and infinite others, that they be all Astrologers.  
Wherefore, since I have written more ●agrely hereof in a Treatife called 
* A small Tract not yet Published.  Flagellum Empericorum, I shall, of this Point, add no more, at present: But proceed to the sixth thing requisite for a Physician, which is CHEMISTRY with the KNOWLEDGE OF METALS, STONES, etc. To know how to distinguish between the true Stones, Metals, etc. from what are adulterate and false; And, when need Requires to join Chemical with Gaenical medicines in their proper places, times, and with parties and Bodies convenient. For, a little Chemistry may serve the best and greatest Physician. I know Paracelsus, Crollius, Hartmannus, Querceranus, Severinus, Leo S●avius, Ravelascus, Van Helmon● & his Expositors, with all the Brethren of the Rosy Cross, And other Sectarists in Physic, stiffly maintain it is the only thing a Physician is to busy his hea● about, that none can be perfect, nor 〈◊〉 Cure effected without it, that it is all in all, etc. But Joannes Crato, Thomas Erastus, Joannes Fernelius, Daniel Sennertus, and others of the more Rational and Methodical Physicians, are of the contrary opinion. And, although Paracelsus, ostentatiously, boasts himself a Monarch in Physic, triumphing over Hypocrates and Galen, as Infants, affirming he did thereby, more famous cures, than all the Galenists in Europe besides; Yet Erastus accounts him but an Impostor, an Empiric, an Heretic, affirming him to do the same in Physic, which Luthe● did in Divinity: That he was a drunken Rogue, a base Fellow, a Magician, having the Devil for his Master, Devils for his familiar Companions, And what 〈◊〉 did, was by the help of the Devil. In a word, as none will or can deny Chemistry to be of great use in the practice of physic rightly prepared, and fitly applied; So must they likewise, that are Rational, confess, that the rejecting of ●●l other medicines, Admiring the L●rge Encomiums of their Aurum Potabile's Elixirs of Life, Quintessence's, Panacea's, and universal medicines, and the like, using these only, without any Judgement, Art, Method, As Women do Receipts, because they hear they are good for such a Disease, is a madness; rendering such Practitioners rather Quacks, and Empirics, then Rational Physicians.  
Lastly, a Physician SHOULD KNOW THE VEGETABLES AND PLANTS that are to be used, at least the chiefest and most effectual, And their virtues, etc.  
And thus (may it please your Majesty) if such as dare to adventure the Practic● of Physic be not endued; And are unable to give an account, workman like o● their Actions, where the lives of you Majesties poor Subjects lie at stake; The● are to be accounted rather Cheats, an● Murderers, And aught to be proceede● against according to Law. Such therefore, may, by this Treatise, do more hurt, then good. Will your Majesty therefore be graciously pleased to cause such wholesome Statutes as are provided in that Case already, to be put in execution; And where they are defective, they may be supplied and amended as to your Grave Wisdom shall be thought fit. That so every one may abide in the Calling wherein he is called; The Divine not Entrenching on the Physicians, nor the Lay man on either, nor the Chirurgeon on the apothecary's, nor the Apothecary on the Chyrurgion's, neither both or either, on the Doctors; As they too frequently take the liberty and boldness, now, to do, even in this City of London, in the face of the College of Physicians to their great shame: That so every thing may be done decently and in order. That the GOD of order, ●ay bless us, and Confusion be wholly ●anished from among us. Which is the Hearty Prayer of him who casts these his unworthy Labours at your Majesty's feet, And is, As ever,  
From my abode in London Die ♀ is. 26. Oclobris, 1660. Your Majesty's most Loyal And Obedient Subject William ramsey.   

TO THE JUDICIOUS AND INGENIOUS READERS.  
Reader,  
I Desire thee to take notice that this Piece at the first was intended only as a Digression in another Discourse, viz. in a System and body of Physic, which for my own recreation and pleasure, I have, at spare times, Compiled. And being more than ordinary provoked by divers of my Acquaintance and Familiars to publish it as well for the benefit of others, as myself. I have, for several years, notwithstanding, resisted their Importunities, being Conscious to myself, it is not handled, neither can be, by me, fitting the worthiness of the Subject, or to be exposed to public view. But, at length I have adventured, being prevailed with by them, especially by my most Constant, Faithful, Ancient, and Beloved Friend FERDINANDO GEORGE'S Esq whom I am willing to pleasure in an higher Nature, than my Tongue, Labours, or Pen are able to express: As well for his manifold Virtues, wherein as a Star of the first magnitude, he far outshines infinite multitudes in his Sphere; As, for that Ancient Acquaintance and Friendship which hath reciprocally passed between us for above these Twenty years, even ever since we were Youths together at School; But especially, for that his affections and love to all manner of Learning is unparallel, which will not only be his fame here, but eternal 
* For what ever our Virtues & Knowledges are here they will be perfected hereafter, and that according to the measure we now enjoy.  Glory hereafter. If it be not so full and satisfactory, as might be, perhaps, expected; Know, that it was written in the year 1656. in the Nature of a Digression, with not the least alteration, save only I added the first part of Poisons in General, and divided the whole into Parts, Divisions, and Sections. It was, extorted, as it were, out of my Hands. And therefore when it comes into thine, have the more favourable construction of it; And if it be imperfect, let it be hid by thy perfections. And let thy Ingenuity pity it that it came out before its time, like Phares having given Zarah the slip, And so, I fear, many faults are therein, likewise, overslipt, which, I doubt not, but the Judicious will over see; And impute rather to those hasty Midwives, my friends, then to me. In the next, I'll promise thee amends.  
The Subject on which it discourses is Of Poisons, a Doubtful & a Dangerous Subject. Dangerous, as the very word imports. Doubtful, so that few Authors have Defined or Explained sufficiently what Poison is. Cardan, with others says, that is Poison which hath an Aptness to do us much mischief by an occult quality; Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 1. & Cap. 4. And Avicenna 2. Prim. Doct. 2. Cap. 15. Says it is that which corrupts Man's Complexion, not only by quality, but propriety. Others think, that only to be Poison, that immediately destroyed, and kills. But, such are in an error so to imagine; for there are some Poisons, that only extremely hurt, but kill not; As Pruna Insania, and such like, which you will meet with, that makes Men mad, mopish, & foolish for a time; As also such as cause Epilepsies, Convulsions, etc. others, again, will admit of hardly any thing, to be nominated Poison, because many things that are so esteemed may be eaten, in a small quantity, without any hurt, As Nux Vomica, which as Tabernaemontanus observes, Lib. 3. Cap. 14. That a Drachm will only intoxicate the brain, but two ounces immediately kills. And the seeds of Palma Christi of America kills, as Costaeus notes in Comment. Mesu, if three be but taken, but less he thinks may be eaten without any great damage. Many such like Poisons you will meet with in the Discourse itself; Wherefore, some Conclude them, I say, not to be Poisons; or, if so, that all other things, as meat, and drink, which hurt, being taken in excess are likewise as bad Poisons. Gaben also, Promiscuously using the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in many places of his works, hath occasioned some to rank Purging Medicines among Poisons; in regard they kill as well as others, if they be taken in excess; as also divers other Medicines, nay and Cordials, if not rightly and duly administered, as Bezoar, Safron, and the like. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, are such as although they sometimes kill; yet they are at other times, when rightly used, helpful to the Body. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, on the other side are Deadly Poison, and such as never help, but ever kill and prove destructive. The former hurts only accidentally, as it is erroneously administered, etc. But the latter offends in the whole kind, and is to be accounted Poison. For that, and that only is to be indeed so esteemed (as may be collected from Cardan and Avicenna before quoted) that hath an occult, malignant, and venomous quality, peculiarly offending Man's Body, whether it may be used in Physic sometimes (as Opium Mandrake, Henbane, which have, together with their narcotick quality, a peculiar venomous property also, as will be showed beneath) or no. But Purges; Bezoar, Safron, and other Cordials, do not thus offend in the whole kind; but by accident taken in excess; And therefore, falsely reckoned among Poisons. Again, the Idiosynerasis, and custom of some Men, may make Poison to be food, and hinder the operation thereof. How could it be possible, else, for those recorded by Agricola, and Sanbarolitanus, to drink whole pounds of Argent Vive without any hurt? or those people in Thrace to eat whole handfuls of White Helebor, as Theophrastus' notes? Or him in Mercurialis, that could eat thirty drachms of Hemlock at a time without any damage, & yet all Authors conclude it a dangerous Poison? or the Turks, who, ●s Georgius melichinus observes, familiarly eat of Nux Vomica without the least prejudice, of which, as was said, according to Tabernaemontanus, two ounces is rank Poison, etc. But such like passages as these, are 〈◊〉 suently Cited in our subsequent discourse, too tedious here to recite. Whence, it is apparent, that, whatsoever Averro Lib. De Theriaca, Cap. 2. Jacobus Grevinus, Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 1. And others endeavour to maintain to the contrary, Poison may become food; and Men may, by little and little accustoming themselves to the eating of it, become, as Mithredates, Poyson-proof. And I myself knew a Gentleman about the late King's Court who would familiarly eat Toads, raw as he found them, without the least Inconveniency, to himself, being rather nutriment unto him admitting of perfect Concoction, as appeared by the death of such Women whom he knew. And Cardan Confidently averrs, he knew one that did usually feed upon Spiders. So we find Fallopius, De Simpl. courage. Cap. 48. Mentioning a fellow whom he says he saw eat on ounce of Scamony at once without having so much as a stool after it. But Auhours are ●ull of such like relations not to be derided, unless we resolve to render ourselves ridiculous. So that then, we see, by what hath been said, that Poisons are of different Natures. Some, if eaten, by degrees, will become nutritive. Some, retaining both a Poisonous, and medecinall faculty; As those which may be taken in a small quantity, without prejudice. And some absolutely venomous, ever prejudicial and mortal, & tota ipsorum substantia aliena est à natura nostra; never being capable of nourishing, or helping us: As you will find in this Treatise. Of all which, we are, especially to beware: since, many times, people, unawares, have been, thereby, not only injured, but absolutely destroyed. For the prevention of which, I thought it necessary to give a short description of their several kinds of Poisons, their Nature, Signs, Diagnosticks, Prognostics and Antidotes. And for the better avoiding those Horrid Mischiefs which I have known occasioned by the unadvised, and ignorant rash actions of Empirics, and Intruding Practitioners in the Art of Physic. Which, we hope, the Judicious and Ingenious, are so sensible of; As that they will make it their endeavour in their several places, to rectify and amend, by discountenancing and suppressing of them; And that I shall not need to add any more, but that I am and shall be, so long,  
Die 7.ni●7 ●. ●●ob●●; 1660. Thy Servant W. R.   

TO THE MORE IMPRUDENT AND RURAL READERS.  
THe more prudent and Judicious sort of Men, will not be much Concerned in what I shall, in this Epistle deliver; Being, for the most part, already, Convinced of the Truth thereof: But, of this sort, there are but a few; It is to the major part of our little world, Therefore, I address my words at present. Of whom, many, if not most, will, 〈◊〉 know, Conclude, they may, with this Tract, be able to Cure themselves and other of what Poison soever they have taken; But, they will find themselves deceived; for although I have indeed, to their Capacities, shown how many several ways they may, not only be prejudiced, but also destroyed; Yet the Cures and Antidotes, are beyond the Sphere of their Capacities; For if al● the Physic books in the world should be Englished unto them, there would still be a necessity of having Able and Learned Physicians, that can, by several signs discover the Causes and Nature of the Maladys, And thence, know how to administer a proper Agent to the Patient, for effecting the Cure. Which, the vulgar, being ignorant, can never be Capable of. For, it is not the knowing of medicines only, that will make them Practitioners, for then, An Apothecary were most probable to make the best Physician; But, how rightly, to apply and administer the Remedy, the Disease, Cause, Constitution, Temperature, Age, Sex, and other Accidents, Customs, etc. of the ●atient ●eing Considered.  
Moreover, To Practise out of Books merely, As many Gentlemen, and Gentlewomen, And all Empirics and ignorant Practitioners do, is extremely pernicious, without good Advice: For many times Death and Destruction follow thereupon, as daily examples evince us; Amatus Lucitanus tell us Cent. 2. Curate. 33. 
(a) Javinis quidam ●um s●●●ie unicers●●● e●●● Co●●us 〈◊〉 p●●●e f●●d●●t●r, 〈◊〉 g●●nto 〈◊〉 A●senicum m●●●●m 〈◊〉 e●at p●●ter med●●●●ium 〈◊〉 ●●m se i●●everit 〈◊〉 in le●● de●umbentem 〈◊〉 d●m●st●i invener●●●.  Of a Young Man of his Acquaintance, thus meeting with a Receipt of an Unguent against the Itch, wherewith he was much molested, without further advice, anointing himself all over with the same, which, having a considerable quantity of Arsenic in it, a thing whose virtue and force he was ignorant off, was thereby killed, instead of being Cured, and lying down to sleep, never awoake more. Another, likewise, is mentioned by Franciscus Valeriola, in his Observation, who having met with a small Tract of the praise of Hellebor, would needs practise upon himself, And so, mostaking ʒ j for ℈ j would have been Poisoned, had not other occasions accidentally prevented, And Zacutus Lucitanus, Lib. 3. Prax. Admirand, Observat. 141. Mentions one of a hot and dry Temperature that put himself in to the hand, of an Eminent Empiric, for esteem and name among the Rural of the world, by reason of his grey hairs and Age, his boasting vaunts & the like; was by the unadvisedness of this Quack (applying contrary medicines to his condition) so tormented with intolerable pains, Continual Watch, whereby his malady was increased, so that from a languishing Condition, Death, in a few days, followed. Whence, the aforementioned Valeriola affirms out of Damascen. 2. And 3. Aphoris. 
(b) Operart e● librit absque ●●g●●tion● & sole●ti ingenio. pericun same est. unde monemu● quam ●●●pr●um 〈◊〉 Au●●●●●es 〈…〉 pe●i 〈◊〉  That to work out of Books, without knowledge, a good Wit and Judgement, is most perilous; Wherefore we admonish Men to be wa●e; For, how rash and unadvised a thing it is to believe the writings of the Learned, or, to take all upon Trust, without Art, Reason, Judgement, may appear by this Patient. And Penotus concludes, in Praefat. Nar. Med. 
(c) In libellis quae vulgo versantur apud literatos incautiores multa.  Many things are found written in our Books, which to the ignorant Reader may seem excellent Remedies; But when they come to use them, they oftentimes, find themselves deceived, and take Poison instead of Physic. Thus did that Titular Physician in the afore mentioned Zacutus Lucitanus, Lib. Citat. Observat. 143. Kill himself, trying Conclusions on his own Body; If, therefore, these Cheats, be ignorant in their own Condition, how much more in others? But, how can it be otherwise, being ignorant in those seven Doctrines and Disciplines mentioned in the Epistle Dedicatory.  
Yet there are some who do not forbear to vindicate these Idiots. Affirming them so careful, Cautious, and Conscientious, as that they will give nothing but what is safe; And if it do no good, will do no hurt; Have been of long experience, and known to have cured many, of divers Maladies, etc. I Answer; As to their Carefulness, Cautiousness, and conscientiousness in their Practice, which the ignorant fancy to themselves, is ridiculous, and Repugnant to common sense; For how can any Man be Careful, or Cautious, in what he knows not? will all the Care, and Circumspection in the world avail; when they know not what to take care of, nor what to avoid? Care, and cautiousness, consist not in administering that which they call safe and good medicines, such as, in themselves, because, if they do no good, will not poison or kill the Patient; But in praescribing such as may take off the Cause of the Malady, and may suit with the Disease, the Constitution, Age, Sex, Temperature, etc. of the Patient. And, if in these, he be ignorant, And of them knows not how to judge; his Care and cautiousness is a non ens: And, Consequently, to affirm, him, then, Conscientious, is Nonsense: For if he had any thing of Conscience, he would not dare to meddle with what he knows not, especially where the life of Man is concerned, and at stake.  
Neither can he be said to have experience, and to have cured Any: much less many of Divers Maladies. This Conception arises from a praved Imagination of the vulgar; who, being Ignorant, can not judge either of Causes, means, or effects; But, falsely, take the event, to be the effect of their medicines; Because an Ignorant boasting Quack (which hath only a few Receipts, that have been recommended for good medicines (and perhaps they are so) which he uses at adventure, and a like to all infirmities, Temperatures, Ages and Conditions) gives a medicine to a sick party, And he afterwards mends and recovers, All his Relations and ignorant Acquaintance, presently conclude it was the Emperick's Physic availed, and produced this effect: when, for aught they, or their Mountebank can tell, the Patients own Nature wrought out the violence of the Disease, and so Recovered; Or perhaps it was the wholesome and proper Physic he took before, from some Rational Physician that took off the Cause, and was the Introducer of his Recovery, although, at the present, it could not be so apparently, discerned: And being impatient of Health, took the Advice of the Ignorant Practitioner (as many people too frequently do) And then attribute all to that, it being the last thing he took.  
Or, to speak the best of this kind of mad Practice; If the Empiric were instrumental of the sick party's Restauration; (As, it is not impossible for them to hit upon the right means, sometime or other) yet it was but by chance, accidentally; for he can neither describe the Disease offending, nor the Cause introducing it, or the reasons either why it works such symptoms in this party, or why he praescribed such a Remedy. So that, Although he did the Cure, he can 
* Fubrum sanitatem fecisse accidens est, quonium non est aptus ad fac●endum sanitatem Faber, sed Medicus. Aristot. Metaph. 5.  not say he did it; because he knew not what he did; And therefore he cannot be said to have experience; For, as Aristotle rightly teacheth, Metaph. Lib. 1. Experientia singularium, Ars universalium cognitio est. Much less when not once in a thousand times he hits the mark, happens on the right Disease, Temperature, Constitution, and Condition of the Patient that suits with his Recipts.  
If Recipts, alone, were sufficient to make a Physician; An Apothecary were the likeliest man to become the best Physician, having the Receipts of many Learned Physicians sent daily unto him; But, as the Bodies, Conditions, and Accidents usually differ, so that divers medicaments are, accordingly, prescribed; so will it be requisite to know, first, where they shall meet with Patients in all respects suitable to those for which they were first prescribed, before they, with any certainty, use them again. Nay, and sometimes they will find such intricate Causes, Symptoms, and Affections, as will puzzle and put the best Physician to a stand. Thus Sennertus that Famous Neoterick Philosopher and Physician, Confesses of himself Insticut. Med. Lib. 2. Part. 3. Cap. 9 ubi agit De Epilepsia, who notwithstanding was the great Restorer of the Art of Physic to the whole world. So doth Montanus ut testatur Erastus, Part. 4. Disput. Contr. Paracels. Victorinus Trincavellus, a famous Venetian Doctor, as you may see in his Counsels, Consil. 15. and 16. Together with Falopius, and Francanzanus, two Learned Physicians, being all three Conferred with, at one time, about one and the same matter, gave each of them their several opinions. And the same Trincavel, being demanded his advice of a young man oppressed with melancholy, confessed he was indeed melancholy▪ But knew not to what kind to appropriate it. Heildishem, likewise, Speciel. 2. Folly▪ 166. Tells us, that Paulus Regulinus, being consulted in the like case, was so confounded with a Confusion of Symptoms, that he knew not to what kind t● refer it. But this is common in our daily practice.  
Wherefore, if there be this difficulty in one Disease; what is there, think you when there is a Complication and mixture of Distempers together, As is frequent in Affections of the Head, and Brain? For, as Marcellus Donatus Cap. 4. De Medica Historia mirabili Lib. 2. Excellently notes, 
(d) Cerebri affectiones omnes inter sevalde affines esse, it a ut saepius unum alteri succedere usu quotidiano percipiamus & quodmirabilius est, pluribus eodem tempore eundem hominem affici.  Distempers of the Brain are of near affinity one with an other. And, that oftentimes, one followeth in the neck of another, as we daily see, and which is more wonderful, Divers do semel & simul at one and the same time altogether afflict one and the same Man. Felix ●laterus, in Ment. Conservatione Lib. 1. Tells us of a Patient of his, that was molested with Caro, Convulsio, Memoria Laesa, & Visus Halucinatio, one upon the neck of an other. Also in Lib. 1. De Mentis Alienatione, He mentions a noble man who was troubled with the Hypochondriack melancholy, Palpitation of the Heart, with divers Symptoms of the Head and Belly all together. Joannes Montanus, Consil. 128. For the Duke of Milan, shows, that he was troubled with a 
(e) Primo Distillationem Catarohi, quae interdum difficultatem anhelitus inducit; Assidul. Tussicula infestatur, non nunquam etiam podagrico delore afficitur, ac praeterea ●●detnate & tumore crurū laborat dolore etiam capitis & vertiginis non parum vexatur.  Catarrh, a Cough, Difficulty of Breathing, Pain in the Head, Vertigo, the Gout, And an Hydropical swelling in the Legs by intervals; And, sometimes, with most of them together. And in Consil. 36. He hath a Pa●ient both molested with both the Vertigo, and Palsy at once. Likewise in Consil. 38. He gives his Advice of one affected with the Vertigo, and Cephalalgia. 
(f) Scribit habuisse hominem curandum annum sexagessimum quintum natum qui eodum tempore, Apoplexiam debilem. Pralysin universalem, & frequentissim●s Epilepsiae Paroxismos Pateretur.  Valescus also, writes that he had a Man in Cure of 65. years of Age, who at one and the same time was perplexed with the weaker sort of the Apoplexy, the universal Palsy, And the Falling. sickness by fits. Joannes Crato, Consil. 73. Lib. 7. Mentions a Woman who with the Vertigo, was also affected with a Delirium, Trembling of the Heart, An universal leanness, Convulsion, Gnashing of the Teeth, with an hurting of the Chief faculties▪ Sometimes, as it were, taken with the Catalepfie, etc. Of which, examples are infinite.  
Thus, Physicians themselves may b● sometimes Confounded with a mixture of Symptoms, and in Complicated Maladies, in their Practice of this most serious and Weighty Art of Phsick; How much more, then, such as are not fitte● and made capable of so great a Function?  
So that, then, there is no place left for such men's practice, nor Colour, for their Intrusion thereinto: For, these things being considered, they cannot choose but do much more hurt th●● good. Nay, and the meanest Capacity, m●st needs be sensible, that if it be no more th●● this, it is mischief sufficient. That by taking their safe medicines as they call them, & waiting for help from them, it is most comptly seen the Patient neglects to seek out after the true and right way of Recovery ●ill it be too late; And so miserably perishes through neglect, which is as much ●urt, I think, as if they should give him ●oyson to dispatch him presently.  
And, thus, likewise, both Gentle, and ●imple, man, times, kill themselves and relations by tampering with medicines from their own Receipts, and trusting to their own Judgements without the Advice of Physicians that are alone able to instruct them. As also by trying and ●ixing their own fancies whilst they are under the Physician's hand, whereby they Impede the operation of the right means, and bring both shame and ignominy on the Physician and whole Art: not like sober, but Imprudent people; Such is their cagernesse after Cure.  
Others are so mad, as to run to Conjurers, Witches, Magicians, as they vaunt themselves, but, indeed, mere Cheats, pretending to Cure by Words, Philters, Charms, Annulets, and the like Devices of the Devil. But all Cures thereby, if any be performed, is by the power of the Devil, and not by any power or virtue in those conceits; As he did delude the Pagans and Heathen our Forefathers, making them believe, their Gods (as Verstegan in his Antiquities and others show) Did this or that Cure; so he doth these Practitioners still, and such as give ear unto them. It is the same evil Spirit that then wrought, that now worketh in the Hearts of the Children of Disobedience.  
I advise, therefore, that all Christian people come out of their snares, lest they thereby hazard their Souls health for, ever. Let us walk in GOD'S way, that profess ourselves christians, And shun the ways of the Devil: For, if we forsake GOD, it is just with him to forsake us who are but Worms, Job 25.6. Such as he can very well spare, and he without; He hath no need of us, that he should bear with our impieties. Why should we then seek to Angels, Saints, Devils, Magicians, Conjurers, Witches, Impostors, Empirics, Cheats, Ignoramusses, when we may walk in GOD'S way, by using the lawful means he hath appointed by the Hand of the Physician. And are Invited, Psal. 50.15. To come unto him? 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Et invoca me in Die Angustiae; It is very Emphatical in the Hebrew. Our Translation renders it, Call upon me in the Day of trouble; But the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Trouble or Affliction, is the Noun feminine of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies Straightened, or pressed with straits, Afflicted or Oppressed with Afflictions both of Body and Mind: From the Root 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He Straightened. So that, I say, Let us go to GOD who is able to Deliver us, and hath promised Deliverance 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Liberabote; Although we be never so much straightened, afflicted and Oppressed in Mind, or Body by Sickness, he is able to deliver and ease us of our pains, etc. if we walk in his way, and use the lawful means, he will deliver us.  
Some, again, on the other extreme, are so stupid, and Pharisaically precise, (whether from this Text of Scripture, or others, I know not) As that they will use no means at all; Accounting it a vain, if not an unlawful, thing; And Physicians useless Creatures, refusing all Help when they are sick, saying, out of a fantastical piece of seeming piety, they trust in GOD, And therefore, Let him work his will, expecting GOD will work miracles for them.  
But; they ought to know, Religion doth not teach them, nor any one, to be Ma●●●l, and to want Commonsense; which showeth us, that the LORD hath endued Plants, Vegetables, Metals, etc. with admirable virtue for our use. The LORD hath created medicines out of the Earth, And he that is wise will not abhor them; with such doth he heal Men and take away their pains; of such doth the Apothecary make a Confection: Says Jesus the Son of Sirach, Ecclus. 38.4, 7, 8. Whom the Learned esteemed as one of the wisest men (next to SOLOMON) that ever was. But however, I say, common sense evinceth us of this. Surely, these men (as Devout as they think themselves) have never read that of Luke 5.31. where our SAVIOUR himself, tells them, The whole need not a Physician but they that are sick: Wherefore▪ they who have not their healths, do. Neither have they considered that in Deut. 6.16. Thoushalt not tempt the Lord thy God. Of which, they can never excuse themselves, whilst they neglect the means when it may be had. Thereby sinning in an high Nature, whilst they account it a sin to use that means which GOD makes a sin if they do not. For, as he hath not promised to sustain our lives longer than we use the means Meat and Drink; or to save our Souls, if we do not pursue holiness, use the Ordinances the Word and Sacraments: So hath he not showed us in any part of his revealed Will, any hopes of recovery out of the least Distemper (in an ordinary way) without the use of Physic. We are not, therefore, to lie still and say, with the giddy multitude, God help us, only; But also put forth our helping hand for relief. For then, and then only, may we look unto GOD for a blessing, from whom cometh healing, Ecclus. 38.2. And then may we boldly say, The LORD work his will. And our Consciences will testify unto us, we have not been accessary to our own ruin and destruction: Of which, otherwise, we must necessarily, be guilty; And so without GOD'S infinite mercy, destroy the Soul too, as well as the Body. He that kills another, kills but his Body; But he or she, that is accessary to their own deaths, kills both Body and Soul. That is, if it be resolutely and wilfully acted. And who can imagine any other, but that wilful perverseness is the cause of any one's wholly neglect of the use of the means to restore▪ Health? When they may, as well, and upon as good and rational grounds, hope to be saved without means (which although it be not impossible, yet it is improbable, it being the ordinary way) or live without food; as to be well without Physic.  
It is a ridiculous way of Arguing, therefore, that when their time is Come they must Die, do all the Doctors what they Can; And, till then, they shall not, how remiss or careless soever they are in seeking out, or making use of what is Conducible to their recovery It is true, there is a place in the HOLY WRIT (from whence many draw that Argument, and on which they ground this their Frenzy) which to the vulgar Capacity, And common apprehension of the giddy multitude seems to Jndicate that GOD hath appointed a determinate time, some shorter, some longer, in which they must undoubtedly Die, viz. in Job 14. ●. Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months are with thee, thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass.  
For the better understanding of which, we must Consider upon what occasion, and to what end this was uttered by Job, and likewise compare it with other places of SCRIPTURE. In short then, the occasion was Jobs many, and sor● afflictions; whereupon speaking to GOD, and desiring mercy of Him, he pleads with the LORD from the Consideration of the shortness of Man's life, which he terms but Days, and Months at the most, He ascends not up to Years; Intimating that Man's lif● was so exceeding frail and short, in Comparison of GOD and Eternity, that it was not worthy, as it were, to be named; And therefore at the beginning of the Chapter he says, Man that is born of a Woman is of few Days, and full of trouble. He cometh forth like a Flower, and is cut down; He fleeth also as a shadow, & continueth not. Days and Flowers and shadows, are of very short continuance indeed; By which Metaphors he declares, but the great brevity of Man's life. And therefore, the latter part of the verse, viz. Thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass; is no more to be understood literally, than the former. For we may as well conclude from this Text, that all men's lives end in a few Days, or Months at the most, And never attain a year or years; As, from hence to maintain, some Men are ordained to live Twenty, some Thirty, some Forty years, some more, some less, And longer, can not. Which, you see, is not the meaning of the Text, but only, I say, contains expressions to set forth the extreme shortness of Man's life. And therefore in the second Verse, he says he fleeth like a shadow and Continueth not. Yet we see many Men live to a very great Age, and therefore can not literally be said, not to Continue, or to flee as a shadow. So that then, I take the genuine meaning of the beginning of the words, to show only the shortness of Man's time here upon earth (As that of Solomon, There is a time to be born, and a time to die. Eccles. 3.2. Mentioning no time at all to live, intimating, it was so inconsiderably short, as not to be worth noting) And the latter part to teach us, the certainty of our mortality; we cannot pass, or avoid it; the bounds of life is appointed, it consisting in a mixture of the four Elements, it must needs and assuredly end in the Consummation of them: As the same Job hath it Cap. 7.1. Is there not an appointed time to Man upon earth? He puts the matter, by this question, quite out of question, nothing more sure, clear and true then that there is an appointed time to die as well as to be borne. But, that it is limited to this, or that, or the other year, is not apparent from his words; Nor, as I think, from any part of the Word of GOD: Nay it rather speaks the Contrary. As in Exod. 20.12. Deut. 4.40. And Cap. 28.20. Psal. 101.8. Prov. 10.27. Eccles. 7.17. Isa. 38.10. All which places and many more, which I might enumerate, clearly hold forth unto us, that the term of our lives depends rather upon our Obedience or Disobedience to the Will and Commandments of GOD, sometimes thereupon promising length of Days, sometimes threatening to shorten it. As in Psalm 55.23. also it is said, The Bloody and Deceitful Man shall not live out half his Days: That is, not half the Days he might by his Constitution and Temperature of Body, probably attain unto: Whence, likewise, that in Eccles. 7.17. It is said Wickedness makes us died before our time, not before the time that GOD in his Divine Providence hath ordained and decreed; That is impious profaneness to Imagine, neither is it possible, he is unchangeable, Malachy 3.6. And whatsoever he hath ordained, must assuredly come to pass, he altereth not his decrees as we do our minds. So that there is no place left for that conceit that there is just such a time for every man to Dye, And no sooner, nor later: unless we will make GOD subject to change, which to conceive is more than impiety.  
To return then, I say, to use Prayer only, that GOD would help them without the means by the hand of a lawful Physician, is a tempting of GOD and his Goodness: It is to lie in misery and say GOD help us? Wherefore have a Cure. Again to use the means appointed by GOD for Restauration of Health, and not to crave a blessing from him is profane, Prasumptious, and a sin in an high nature. Both together, is, therefore best; Agreeable to Reason and the Word and Will of GOD. The Prayer of the Faithful, its true, will save the sick; But, they must likewise be anointed with oil, James 5.4. And Hezekiah, (2 Kings 20. And Isa. 38.) Must have a lump of figs laid to the sore, notwithstanding GOD had sent him word, he should recover; When yet he might have cured him (As he did that blind man in Luke 18.42.) without means; But to convince us of its utility, and necessity. Yet, should we admit, as much as any simple ignorant body would desire, viz. That there is an exact and set i'm for every Man that he cannot outlive, nor before which he can not die. I say, if this should be so, thou being ignorant when the time is that thou being ignorant when the time is that thou must be dissolved; Thou oughtest to use thy utmost endeavour for thy own Preservation, according as thou art bound by the Law both of GOD and Nature: or, thou canst not but be guilty of Self-murder, And be accessary to thy own destruction.  
For Imprudent, Rural, Rash, Conceited and Ignorant People, therefore, I have not compiled this Subsequent Treatise: nor for Confident Youngsters, and Women, who think their ownwitts best, And yet want so much wit as to advise with others better than their own. To all these I desire it may be a Searr-Crow, And so terrible, that they may avoid meddling with it, as they would with Poison itself, lest, it prove their ruin, and the destruction of others whom they take the boldness to ta●uper with; Contrary to the intentions of him who desires the prosperity of you all; And shall so continue to do, so long as he Remains to be  
Die ☽ ne. 29 ●. Octobris 1660. W. R.   

OF POISONS With their several ANTIDOTES, Illustrated by Divers Histories, the Testimony of the most Approved, Authentic, and Learned Authors Extant.  

PART I. Of the Differences of Poisons, and of Poisons in General.  
POISONS are of Various and Infinite Kinds; which, to Describe, Explain, and rightly understand, that we may the better shun, avoid and resist; It will not be impertinent to praefix a word, or two of their Differences in General, before we come to Particulars: which some Authors have Comprehended under one or other of these seven Heads.  

SECTION I. Of the first Division of Poisons.  
AS, First, they are such as are 1. so of their own nature, As Woolfbane, Hemlock, Hen-bane, and the like; Or 2. such as are not so of their own Nature, but become so when they putrify and Corrupt, As Flesh, Fish, Fruits, etc. putrified. Or 3. Such as were made so by Art, As Aqua Fortis, Aqua Regis, Mercurius Sublimate, Praecipitate, etc.   

SECTION II. Of the second Division of Poisons, and that they act not by Primary and manifest Qualities.  
SEcondly, they are are such, (as some teach) which hurt either 1. by the primary and manifest Qualities, As Hot, Cold, Dry, Moist. Or 2. by occult. Or 3. by manifest and occult together. Or 4. (As others will) by second qualities, as they call it, which Corrode, or putrify; As Glass, they say, (which they number among Poisons) Corrodes the Belly and entrails, and thereby causeth Death. But, they may as well say splints of Bones, Needles, Pins, or other sharp thing is Poison, because they also, many times, perforate the Intestines being swallowed, and Destroy the party. Neither do they rightly teach that Poisons offend and hurt by primary qualities, if it be taken simply; For that, which so acts and works, is not properly to be accounted Poison; But by occult qualities, and by the proper y of the whole substance. As Galen abundantly teacheth Lib. 3. De Temperamentis, Cap. 4. & in Lib. 1. De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus, 
Poison doth not act by divers qualities.  Cap. De abrotano. For, if Poison depended only upon manifest qualities; then, whatsoever doth therein exceed, should be poison, As, Garlick, Onions, and the like; which, by Dioscordies, Galen, Avicenna, Serapio, and other of the Ancients, are accounted Hot and Dry in the fourth Degree; yet are not Poison, As is Auripigmentum, quod proprietate totius substantiae nocet: The other only in quantity. Yet we Deny not, that there are Differences in Poisons; As, some that hurt only by an occult quality, without exceeding in the first qualities; Others, do exceed, and hereby, together with an occulte quality operates on the bodies of men; yet so, as that therein all Authors do not agree, affirming that Euphorbium (for example) offends sometimes by an occult quality, sometimes by the manifest and primary. However those which are properly Poisons chief affect by an occult and hidden property. So that although in one and the same subject there may be both manifest and occult qualities, yet we are not to confound their effects. For, manifest and primary qualities either Heat, or Cool, or Moisten, or Dry: occult, either Kill, or Direfully hurt; every quality acting according to its Nature, Sine alterius Directione, As Antonius Guaynerius Cap. 1. De Venenis, excellently notes. For, although Avicenna and other Authors treating of Poisons, affirm opium, Euphoribium, and others, operate by manifest qualities; they are to be understood, thus speaking, considering Poison, quantum ad specificam formam, qua una species differt ab alia; And according to this Consideration, they said that some did work non quatenus Calidium, aut frigidum; sed quatenus tale, habens scilicet virtutem humanae vitae & sannitati contrariam, etc.   

SECTION III. Of the Third Kind of Poisons, showing that all have not an aptitude to Kill, but that some are Mortal, others not.  
THirdly, Some with Hieronimus Mercurialis Lib. 1. De Venenis Cap. 5. and others, maintain, that all Poisons are either Mortal, or have an aptitude to kill. But this is false, as you will see in the Second Part, where we shall Discourse of Poisons more particularly; for some do only Infatuate, Stupefy, and hurt for a time; As Philters and Love-Potions, or as the Spider Tarantula which makes such as are thereby bitten, to dane and be mad, etc. Or the Torpedo, which stupifies and benumbs the parts that touch it, etc. For, that Poison which hurts only such members as are not necessary to life, and doth not hinder or abolish what Conduceth to the Preservation thereof, is not mortal, neither can it have an aptitude thereunto. Wherefore the more Rational, have agreed, that some are Mortal, others not Mortal, or only very hurtful. And those that are Mortal, kill either sooner, or later, and are those which affect the Vital Parts, as Brain, Heart, Liver, Lungs, etc.   

SECTION iv Showing a Fourth sort of Poisons discovered by their effects, and that some are Enemies to one part, some to another.  
FOurthly, Some Poisons discover themselves unto us by their effects and operations, whilst their forms are hid; For, some, 1. Do more peculiarly affect and hurt the Brain, as Nightshade, Opium, Hen-bane, Mercury, Torpedo, Tarantula, the brains of a Cat, and others. 2. Others are Enemies to the Heart, as all those which suddenly kill; as Scorpions and the like, which suddenly pass through the Arteries to the Heart. Some also 3. Are opposed to the Liver, as all those Herbs which evacuate blood, which Galen Lib. de Purg. med. facultat. Cap. 4. mentions. 4. Others to the Sperm vessels and genitals, as Cardan writes of one Lib. 3. De Venenis, who, by Poison, became barren. 5. Some to the Lungs, as Lepus Marinus. 6. To the Bladder, as Cantharideses. 7. Some, again, cause the dysentery, whence it comes to pass that such who are bitten by poisonous Creatures or stung, have their Veins, Arteries, Nerves, and the like, more effectually affected; as the bite of a Scorpion (as we said) Conveys the venom to the Heart by the Arteries; the by't of an Haemorrhous diffuses into all the Veins, and causes an expulsion of blood. The bite of a mad-Dogg, delates neither by the Arteries, nor Veins, but Nerves especially. And so the infection of the French-Pox (or English-Pox, as it may now be termed for the frequency of it among us) Runs immediately to the Liver, whilst the Brain and Heart is free. Whence it happens, that some poison's cause heaviness, dulness, stupidity; Others, Convulsions, Epilepsies, Apoplexies, some excite to Laughter, Madness, Dancing, Libidiny, Fury, Raging, Sadness, Fearfulness; Some cause Fevers, Pains, Inflammations, Some bring Death suddenly; Some by degrees and more slowly, according as the Poison is in property, the Nature of the Patient, or according as it is used or applied.   

SECTION V Showing a Fifth Division of Poisons, and that there is no Poison to be prepared that can kill precisely a Month, two, three, or a Year, after it is administered.  
Fifthly, Some Poisons kill sooner, and some later. As, the bite of an Asp, if some speedy course be not taken, kills immediately, especially that sort called Hyrundinaceus, which as Galen, and the Learned think, kills so suddenly, as that it is thought to be Incurable; Terrestris within 3. or 4. hours' time; and that sort which is called Pryas, they think is more slow; which it may be, is that kind which Paraeus thinks destroys in the third part of a day. And a by't of a Mad-Dogg, lies long as it were hid, and yet breaks forth at the last as Paraeus writes of Baldus the Lawyer, Lib. 21. De Venenis Cap. 14. Who Died four Months after he was bitten. And sometimes there is no sign of it in six or eight Months, as Galen holds, the which Codronchus confirms; Or in a year as others writ. Albertus' magnus, Lib. 7. the Hist. Animal Cap. 21. Says he saw a man bitten by a Mad-Dogg in the Arm, and was well seven whole years after, and then the place began to swell and be inflamed, and so within two Days thereupon Died. Guaynerius also, speaks of some who continued well twelve years. And Alsaharavius attests, he knew one that lived forty years after he was bitten, before he was apparently infected, and then Died of that bite. Other Poisons again, although they are of power sufficient to kill presently; yet by being eaten in a smaller quantity are the longer, as Arsenic; For though of its own Nature, as Wierus, and Forestus well observe it, is not to be remedied, it kills so soon, if it be not immediately taken; Yet some have by eating but little of it, lived a long time after but in great misery and torment, as Amatus Lucitanus mentions of his servant, that by eating of some Hen dipped in the sauce wherein Arsenic was, lived and whole year after, Cent. 2. Curate. 65. And Forestus observat. med. observat. 28. In Scholia, Lib. 18. Tells us of a woman that lived two years, and of some, that lived many years, after they eat some of this deadly poison.  
Whence it is disputed among Physicians, and the Learned, An venena talia dentur, qua definito & certo temporis spatio hominem interficiant? Whether there be any such Poison, or whether any such is to be prepared, as will kill at such a certain and prefixed time, and no sooner nor later: which tenet is stiffly maintained in the Affirmative, by several; Instancing and backing of their opinion, by that of Claudius in Tacitus Annal. Lib. 12. And of Drusus who Lib. 4. Annal. Is affirmed to Die in this manner: as also by that practice of Caesar Borgia in Jovius Histor. Part 1. Lib. 3. Bringing likewise the Authority of Theophrastus that in 9 D● Hist. Plantar. Cap. 16. maintains, that they may so be Composed, as that they may kill in two, three, or one Month's time, or at the years end, or at two years' end. Citing that story, from him also Cap. 19 Of an Apothecary who to restrain hot spurs, had a medicine so exactly prepared, that he could make any that took it, as they pleased to agree, have no appetite in the leas● to venereal sports, for a month, two, or three, etc. With several such like stories which forbear to recite. Besides, natura●● things have their circuits in their actions, and after a time end; as is seen in the Cri●● of a disease especially. And because Death is occasioned by a Consumption of natural heat, & a drying up of the Radical moisture; which seems feasible sometimes in a month or two, or in a year or two. Divers such like arguments are brought by some, to maintain this their false imagination. But if we rightly Consider; It doth not stand with reason that there can possibly be any such Poison; For although all things have their Circuit and End; Yet it is not probable any man, in this life, should attain to that perfection of Knowledge, as to know exactly any one's temperature so, as to prepare his Medicine accordingly. Besides, to an action, the Agent is not only requisite, but the Patient also, and the Agent is to act according to the Disposion of the Patient; Wherefore since the Patient, viz. Man's Body, according to its temperature, Age, occult qualities, Diet, Customs, and other, Circumstances, may resist sometimes more and sometimes less, the Agent which is the Poison: It is no wonder it kills some ●ooner, and some later; but it would be more than a wonder, this being Considered, ●f the Medicine should be so exactly prepared, as to make the effect when the party who administers it, pleases. Whence it is, that sometimes it falls out, that divers who have eaten or partaken of one and the same Poison, have not the same end, nor at the same time, some live longer, some shorter, as is evident in Divers Stories from Credible Authors; as will be found in aur following Discourse. And Nicolas affirms, Serm. 4. Tract. 4. Cap. 35. He saw two bitten by one and the same mad-Dogg, and one thereby became mad; But the other had no Detriment at all. And although according to the Consent General of all the Learned, Arsenic be a most Deadly Poison, killing immediately although eaten but in a small quantity, yet Cardan, Contradict. 7. Tract. 2. Lib. 2. Tells us of one that eat almost an ounce of Arsenic without the least prejudice. And Opium, which as Pliny Nat. Hist. Lib. 20. Cap. 8. Records, is of force to bring sudden Death eaten in a small quantity; And but administered in Clysters, and yet Sextus Empericus 1. Hypothese●● Empericorum, Tells us of one who eat four Drachms of Opium without any hurt. Nay Gartzeus ab Horto Lib. 1. Aromat. Jndia, Cap. 4. Says he knew one that could familiarly eat Ten Drachms. And the Turks as Historians assure us, Do familiarly eat whole ounces of it with no inconveniency in the least.   

SECTION VI Containing a Sixth sort of Poisons, according as they are received into the Bodies of Men; wherein divers Questions are discussed.  
SIxthly, A Sixth Division of Poisons, is, from the several ways they Insinuate into our Bodies and affect us; As some are taken by the mouth in Meat or Drink, or instead of them, or by way of Medicine; And some are outward. Whence arises this Question among the Physicians, whether external Poisons, are Poisons taken Inwardly, and so whether Internal, be if Outwardly applied; From that of Galen Lib. 3. De Temperam. Cap. 3. Where he says, Non candem esse Venenorum rationem cum exterius applicantur, ut cum intus assumuntur. Quemadmodum enim ait, quae itnus assumpta perimunt, foris administrata, non nocent: Sic neque quae foris admota occidunt, iutus assumpta idem praestant. With whom Cornelius Celsus. De Re medica, lib. 5 Cap. 27. And Pliny, lib. 29. Nat. Hist. Cap. 4. Agree. But, this is by sufficient reasons controverted by Cardan lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 18. And our Latter Writers. From the testimony of the Learnedest and most Credible Authors extant; We see there are divers Poisons which may externally hurt us; As, by the poisoning of Darts, Swords, and other Instruments of War, the Bodies of Men may be not only Infected, but wholly destroyed. Nay, and as Ardoynus Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap 8. Guaynerius Cap. 22. De Venenis, Pouzettus Lib 7. Cap. 2. And others abundantly manifest, even  and other necessaries, have been Infected; and by shaking hands with their Enemies, some have found out a way to poison them by certain Unguents. Oils, and the like, And so to Infect their Spurts, Stirrop●, Boötes, Saddles, as that they shall thereby be Destroyed. But these are merely Fancies; and no wise agreeable to reason that any should have to do with such virulent Poison, and not to be infected themselves, or that, he that shakes his Enemy by the hand, should be more free than the Enemy that is thereby pretended to be Infected by the Unguent, wherewith the hands of the Actor is anointed. Or, that Poison should penetrate through other Vestments to the Skin, as Scaliger atrests Exercit. 186. One to be poisoned by treading on a Spider, affirming the venom of that Creature penetrated the sole of his shoe, and so getting to the Heart suffocated him. I say, these, and the like Stories are merely Fabulous, not to be Credited, and rather to be attributed to the Subtlety, Craft, and Malice of the Devil, and his Imps, Witches, Conjurers, and the like, who, by God's permission, are indeed suffered to use and practise many such Feats upon the Bodies of Men, mentioned by Nicol. Florentinus, Sum. 4. Tract. 4. Cap. 5. Guaynerius, Cap. 1. et 2. De Vene●is, Grevinus, Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 1. Mathiolus in Praefat. in 6. Dioscori, etc. But ●hat such Mischiefs are to be done by natu●urall means, is not be Credited. But, this 〈◊〉 most Certain, that many times Poison 〈◊〉 Communicated and Conveyed into men's Bodies, by the bites of venomous Creatures, (as we shall aboundaly manifest beneath, when we come to speak of Particulars) Wherein we shall likewise see, that some Creatures are so poisonous as that they ●nfect not only by their touch corporally, ●ut also by their breath, and virtually (as ●e may say) and kill by a kind of spiritual influx. Avicenna to this purpose, hath ●any examples, Lib. 4. Fen. 6. Tract. 3. ●ap. 22. That some have been killed by slaying a Serpent with a spear, coming not nearer than the length thereof; Jul. Cas. Scaliger also, Exercit. 200. affirms the same; So doth Mathiolus in Praefat. in 6. Dioscorid. And Amatus Lucitanus Cent. 1. Curate. 62. Vidus Vidius Lib. 1. De Curate. General. Cap. 13. etc. Even as it is credibly affirmed of the Torpedo, that it benumbs the Hand and Arm, that holds but the pole that toucheth it afar off. Or, as the breath of Cats, as Avenzoar, Praemit● Lib. 1. Thenzir. Mathiolus Com. Ad Lib. 6. Cap. 25. Dioscorid. Attest, is known commonly to be poisonous. And to bring Consumptions of the Lungs, Hectic Fevers, and the like, as Paraeus notes, Lib. 21. D● Venenis, Cap. 34. to such as are familiar with them. And the Basilisk, even with the touch, kills; For no Creature can touch him and escape Death, as Galen avers, with whom Avicenna, Aetius, Dioscorides, Panlus Aeginetus, Pliny, Nicander, and others consent. Likewise, at the second hand, Me● may be destroyed by Poison from inoffensive Herbs and Plants, that have been accidentally infected by some venomous Creature; As Mizaldus relates, of some who have been destroyed by Sage, poisoned by a Toad that lay at the root of it. Memorabil. Cent. 1. Aph. 1. Et in Horto. Neither may we be surprised with Death, only by the touch of Poison and poisonous Creatures, but also by their very looks, smell, noise, we may not only be infected and sustain much misery, but likewise be sometimes deprived of life also; As Araeteus' lib. 1. De Signis. et Causis morb. Acut. Mentions one Infected by the Ardent and venomous look of a Mad-dogg. And, as the most Credible of the Learned maintain, the Basilisk kills even with the sound of his Hiss, and the rays of his sight. And many have been Infected by the very smell of a Mad-dogg, as will be showed beneath. Pliny like, wise lib. 8. Nat. Hist. Cap. 21. mentions a wild beast near Nilus called Catablepas that kills any man that it beholds, and that instantly. Which Relations, although some with Cardanlib. 1. De Venenis Cap. 16. account as Fabulous; Yet, sounder Judgements are not of his nor their opinion; But hold, that these and other Creatures may destroy mankind by their very touch, sight, smell, noise or sound, receiving the species of the poisonous vapours into their bodies by the Pores, Eyes, Nose, and Ears. For if one Man, by a malicious and envious look, that is not of a poisonous Nature, may hurt; disturb, disquiet, and discompose the spirits of an other; How much more is it possible for a poisonous Creature, by his venomous Aspect, to hurt or kill? As my Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban in his Nat. Hist. Cent. 10 Gives this Reason, why Men in their Trophies, and after Triumphs, are indisposed and sick, oftentimes; because they have received into their bodies the venomous Rays and malignant beams of some envious and malicious Eye: being communicated in forma Atomorum et minimorum Corpusculorum, et qualitate spiritale. So that with Cardan and the rest, I confess that neither the sight, nor hearing the sound, not smell, nor the like, do quatenus tales, hurt or kill; Sed quatenus cum iis vel vaports et Atomi venenatae, vel aliae qualitates spiritales venenosae conjunctae sunt; But as either venomous vaponrs, Atoms, or other spiritual venomous qualities are joined thereunto. For as all Philosophers and Physicians agree, Seeing; is not by emitting, but receiving in. Wherefore, it is the poysono● Rays that are received into the body by the Eye, kills, and not the sight only. And so, of hearing the sound, & hissing of Serpents, it is not barely that, but the venomous vapours infecting the Atoms and received, which cause the infection. The same likewise may be said of smells, and of that wonderful change which happens to such who lie under the Yew-Tree, which is of that venomous quality in Arcadia, as Pliny observes lib. 16. Nat. Hist. Cap. 10. That divers have perished by sleeping under its shadow, (although here in England, as Pena notes, and reason teaches us, it is not offensive, because the heat of the Sun is not of that force among us to bring it to its maturity, nor to cause venomous exhalations to breath forth) And The vetus lib. sing Cap 61. Reports of the Tree Baxama, that if any stay under it but a quarter of an hour, they are in danger of suffocation. Not that the shadow is the cause thereof, simply as a shadow, though it be said such as stay under the shadow, etc. Are so, and so affected, (as Cardan would fain persuade the world these Learned Authors, and others think, when they so write, and so labours to prove the shadow of them are not Poison, whereby indeed, he shows only that he sights with a shadow, and neglects the substance.) But the venomous vapours which proceed & breathe out of those Trees, and are received into the bodies of such as remain under 〈◊〉 And so we free, Colocy this doth ●●●●●times purge only by smelling to it: which is not to be understood simply, quatenus odorabilis, sed quatenus subtilissimos emittit va● pores, qui naribus excipiuntur.   

SECTION VII. Showing a Seventh Division of Poisons.  
SEventhly, a Seventh Division of Poisons is taken from their original, and bodies in which they are found. As 1. Some are in Metals and Minerals. 2. Some is Vegetables. 3. Some in Animals, and Living Creatures. According to which Division, we shall treat of Poisons in Particular. And thus much shall suffice to be spoken of Poisons in General.    

PART II. Of POISONS in particular, with their several sorts and Antidotes.  
THus having prefixed a word of Poisons in General, we descend to Particulars: (which as hath been said) may be divided into these three Classes, as being all comprehended, either under Minerals, or Vegetables, or Animals, of which in order.  

CLASS I. Of Poisons belonging to MINERALS, or dug out of the earth.  

DIVISION I. Of such as may properly be termed Metals.  
SUch Poisons, as are, or have relation to Minerals, are these 9 chief, and most frequently met with. 1. Aqua Fortis, 2. Antimony, 3. Arsenic, 4. Argent Vive. 5. Calx. Vive, 6. Vitriol, 7. Aes, Brass or Copper, 8. Dross and rust of Iron, 9 Lead. For other things that are dug out of the earth, and are no metals, they are especially these two: 1. Lapis Lazulus, and 2. The Diamond. Of all which one word in order, briefly.  

SECTION I. Of Aqua Fortis, Aqua Regis, and Aqua Chrysulca; with their Antidotes,  
AQVA Fortis, Aqua Regis, and Aqua Chrysulca as some call it, are put by many Authors as deadly poisons: The which Bruno Seidelius in lib. De Morb. Incurabil. pag. 13. Illustrates by an example of a young Wench who being very thirsty, meeting with a bottle in which there was Aqua Fortis, and drinking it off, fell into most direful symptoms, and at length died. Bembus likewise tells us of a certain Legate, in his History of Venice, Lib. 1. that having swallowed a Diamond that was in his Ring, and drinking some Aqua Fortis after it, was thereby poisoned: Its Antidote is the Mucilage of the seeds of Quinces, or of Quinces itself; An example of one the●e by recovered, Petrus Forestus records in observat Med. Lib. 15 Observat. 30. De aegritudinibus Gulae, who had drank Aqua Fortis. But in regard these waters do soon diffuse themselves into every part of the body, the remedy ought speedily to be used. I find commended also as most effectual, Eclegma ex mucilagine seminum Cydoniorum, Altheae et gummi tragacanthae, aqua rosarum extracta, ac melle Rosato, et violato paratum; ut et gargarisma ex semine Cydoniorum, Altheae, et Cucumeris. Flor. Rosarum, violarum et verbasti, atque ex prunella, pulmonaria, sannicula, et s. q. Aquae decoctis, & melle rosato, vol exy●●lite scilitico addito paratum. With which medicines, that Herdsman recorded in Baldwin Ro●seus, Epist. 9 (That being ' excessive thirsty, imstaking the vessel, drank a most hearty draught of Aqua Fortis, and thereby molested with many grievous symptoms) was perfectly cu●ed The story at large you may read in the aforesaid 9 Epist. And also in Schen●kins, observat. med. Lib 7. fol. 996.   

SECTION II. Of Antimony and its Antidotes.  
ANtimony likewise, if not rightly prepared, and fitly and duly administered, is deadly poison; Whence Cornelius Gems, Cycl●●nomicae lib. 2. Writes that he hath the Names of above fourscore men and women that have perished by Antimony: Yet some dost sly maintain it to be inoffensive, with Mathiolus, But than it must be prepared, according to Quercetan, Evonimus, Valentius, Crolius. And so, it may prove (being also administered by a knowing and judicious Physician) a good medicine, and no wise dangerous; Joannes Albertas Wimpinaeus, De concord. Hippocraticor. et Paracelsist. Writes that he saw thirty grains of Antimony prepared, taken without any hurt in the least. Its Antidotes are, if taken into the body, syrup of Roses, Treacle, Bowl armoniac, etc. or you may make this composition, ℞ Boli Armeni, ℈ ij. et cum pauxillo vino exhibeatur. vel ℞ Boli armeni ℈ j ol. Caryophilorum, gut. iij. cum pauxillo vino Fiat Haustus. vel ℞ Pull vis mastiches, ex Caryophilorum, Chel. Cane: et Boli Armen. Ana ℈ j cum succo Cidoniorum pauxillo. To prevent the reception of fumes, and to resist though poysonons' vapours of Antimony, let such as try experiments therewith in the fire, and refiners of metals, Drink a little of the water of Wormseed, or eat a piece of bread and butter with Rue. This following Electuary is likewise very much commended; ℞ Allii, Nucum jugland, Ana Mj. Contundendo contundantur, et cum melle s. q. misceantur; misturae huic addatur Theriaca ℥ j Zedoariae, ℥ ss. Caryophilorum, nuc. moschat. Ana ʒij. Mellis dispumati q. s. Fiat Electuarium. With the which you may anoint the nose and nostrils.   

SECTION III. Of Arsenic, its several kinds and Antidotes.  
ARSENIC is of two sorts Natural, or Artificial. Natural is likewise two fold, the first is called Auripigmentum, the other Sandaracha. Auripigmentum is that Arsenic which is yellow, and in colour resembles Gold; Sandaracha is of a brightish red colour. These are not only both of one kind, but also of one and the same quality. The Artificial Arsenic is likewise of two sorts, the one is very white and transparent like Crystal, composed of Sandaracha, and Auripigmentum by sublination. And this is by most, without any distinction, taken for Arsenic. The other is called Realgar and Risugallum, which is composed of Sulphur and Auripigmentum, or with the addition of Calxvive, or Salt, or mixed, and burnt, or Calcined, etc. They are all four rank poison, and being taken into the body, produce much alike the fame symptoms, only Sandaracha is not so violent and grievous as Auripigmentum. Wherefore one and the same Antidotes will indifferently serve for the cure of all: But if speedy help be not administered all will be in vain, in regard they kill so suddenly; As Wierus, Forestus, and others abundantly manifest unto us by several examples: Nay it is of that poisonous quality, that it kills even by outward application, and that suddenly too; as that young man in Amatus Lucitanus, recorded likewise by Schenckius, and Sennertus, who, molested with the Itch, anointing himself with an unguent in which was some Arsenic, running on, and trusting to his own head, without the advice of any Physician, was found dead in his bed the next Morning. Another he likewise mentions, who by the same rash action, became stark mad, so that he was fain to be bound; but one Day getting lose, when the people of the house in which he lived, were upon their several occasions called out of the way, after he had raged about, at length leapt out of the window and broke one of his legs, etc. Yet sometimes it happeneth, that they die not so suddenly, but then they, for the most part live miserably all their Days after: as the same Lucitanus Cen. 2. Curate. 65. Records one to have lived an whole year before he died, yet was all that while in a most intolerable torment. And Petrus Forestus, observat. med. Lib. 18. Scholar observat. 28. Tells us he hath known some have lived many years after, but in grievous misery Et ego novi qui multos annos supervixere, sed in magna miseria, cruribus resolutis, ut vix incedere possent; et mulierem post dnos annos tandem vita orbatam; Ita et religiosa quaedam Delphis veneno infecta longo tempore, sed misere, supervixit. And Cardan Contradict. 7. Tract. 2. Lib. 2 Tells us of one that eat almost an ounce of Arsenic without the least prejudice. The cure may be effected if taken in time; first, by vomiting it up if possible, before it have diffused itself out of the stomach into the parts; and that by butter and warm water, or the Decoction seminis Rapi, Atriplicis in quo Butyrum recens aut ol. lini, vel rosace●m sit liquefactum, or any other sat liquor. Forestus observat. med. Lib. 18. in schola observat. 28. doth much commend oil with a little chicken broth for a vomit, Memini ego pueram apud Delphenses, etc. I remember I cured a Boy at Delft, who had unawares eaten that kind of Arsenic, which they usually lay for Mice, (commonly called by us Ratsbane) only with a vomit of oil and chicken broth. Adding a little after, that he hath found of great use (amongst such as he hath cured,) oil of sweet Almonds given to drink with buttered-ale Milk likewise is highly commended by some Authors to this purpose: whence the same Forestus loco citato, affirms, that in Italy they use when poison is first taken, to drink Milk perpetually mixed with oil of sweet Almends, which he says Avicenna had experienc● of. De cura I●teritiae in fine decerptum. And M●nta●us will have them drink Milk till their thirst be quenched (if possible) for this kind of poison doth exceedingly 'cause thirst; For hereby he attests himself to have cured several that had eaten fish fried with butter, and rolled in meal wherein Arsenic was mixed: showing farther, that all such as drank liberally thereof, were quickly well; such as deferred the drinking of it, grew worse and fell into grievous symptoms and paralytic sits; and such as refused it wholly, Dyed. Petrus de Apono, Tract. De Venenis, Commends Ass' Milk; who says, he cured a young man that had taken that kind of Arsenic called Realgar in drink, and was so affected, that through too much Drought, remained a● ; First he administered Vomits, as is before described, than Clysters, but the chief business was drinking of Asses Milk. last, the specifical Antidotes of this kind of poison, Sunt, in primis, Christallus Fossilis pulverizatusʒj. pondere, cum oleo Amygdalorum dulcium recenti potus. Secundo, oltum è nucleis piniʒiij. pondere exhibitum. Tertio, utilis est & lapis Bezoar, quod probat historia illa, quam recenset Claudius Richardus, in descriptione Bezoartici Lapidis Jordani de peste operi adjuncta; ut scribit Schenkius observat. med. Lib. 7. fol. 994.   

SECTION IV: Of Argent Vive its several sorts, and Antidotes.  
ARgent Vive, or Mercury, as our Chemists vulgarly phrase it, is of three sorts, for it is either 1. Crude, or 2. Sublimate, or 3. Praecipitate. To which we may add Cinabar, being composed of Mercury; But Natural Cinabar I shall here pretermit: wherefore then of these in order. And first of Crude Mercury, which taken rather in substance, or by inunction, or in fume, causeth grievous affections and symptoms, by its weight, and eroding malignant quality: as intolerable pains in the stomach and bowels, wind, gripe, and erosions, a general indisposition of the whole body, and sometimes a violent lask. And if it be retained long in the body, as many times it happeneth when it is mixed with some other medicament of a retaining quality, or lies in some cavity longer than it ought, or some such accident happening whereby it is kept still in the body unevacuated, there followeth a suppression of Urine, and the passages being stopped, the whole man becomes infected, and all his humours, so that he turns pale, wan, and of a leaden colour: having a very corrupt and soetid breath; And at length causes Palsies in several parts, and sometimes the Falling-sickness, Apoplexy, Swooning fits, nay and Death itself: as that Apothecary recorded by Cardan, de venenis, Lib. 1. cap. 20. who being exceeding thirsty in the night time, drank instead of beer or other convenient liquor, very largely of Crude Mercury, in so much that being found dead in the morning, and dissecting of him to find out the cause, in his stomach was found almost the quantity of a pint of Mercury, the blood coagulated in his heart, [yet Alsaharavius Pract. Tract. 30. c. 3. says he saw one who devoured ten dramgs of Argent Vive, without any hurt at all. Botallus likewise, Lib. de lieu venerea, affirms that he hath seen one, & heard of divers, that swallowed as many ounces, and yet was thereby no wise damnified. See more in Agricola Lib. 8. Fossilium. Wierus Lib. 4. edit 6. Sanbarolitanus. Comm. Avicen. de cura casus et offence. Pag. 189. Which record some to have drank some pounds without any hurt.] Whence by the way it would argue it of a cold quality, notwithstanding what some Authors have said against it; much after the same manner are they affected, that use it outwardly by inunction, of receive the sum thereof; As is apparent by that young man in Forestus observat. med. Lib. 8. observat. 5. who receiving the vapour thereof into his brain, could neither sleep, rest, nor be at ease in any place: with an universal trembling over all his body, extraordinary paleness, and baldness, his hair thereby falling off. And Ferdinandus Ponzettus, De Venenis, Lib. 2. cap. 21. Tells us of a man in his time who by endeavouring to convert Mercury into Luna, or silver, being one day negligent, received the sum thereof into his head, and so fell down dead immediately, without one word speaking. Likewise several have been killed by using ointments in which Mercury hath been mixed, by its penetrative nature through the pores, affecting and infecting the blood and humours. Joannes Schenckins, observat. med. Lib. 7. fol 990. Records one, who by the frequent use of Mercury, it came to pass, that his veins at length were perceived to be full of Mercury (being penetrated therewith) so that it was discerned to run up and down, as his arms were elevated or depressed. Yet there are Antidotes against all these, as is to be found in the writings of the Learned. Vtile est valde Lac Copiosius potum, imprimis Asininum ut inquit Sennertus, magnum verò imprimis auxilium praestat, auri limati scobem, vel folia auri sumere, ut alii dieunt, atque ita postea argentum viv●m per alvum cum auro egeritur. Nec multum à veritate abire videtur, cum nihil est, quod argentum vivum avidius imbibat quaem aurum. Neither doth it only help to carry it down, and expel it by the paunch, but also hinders it from dilating itself into the parts of the body, till such proper means can be administered as will cause expulsion. To purge and free the body downwards is rather to be endeavoured then by Vomits, because it is of that ponderous nature that it will hardly be brought up by any art. Quod ut facilius fiat, laudatur Enema ex Hydromelite, cui admixta sit hiera picra, vel ex oleo olivarum solo, aut misto eum modico pinguedinis gallinae, vel Anatis, aut modico butyri recentis s. salis, & similibus, intestinis insunderdus est. Antidoti vero loco variae medicamenta exhibentur. Costum cum vino sumptum argenti vivi quasi Bezoar esse, scribit Conciliator, & Guaynerius. Exhiberi potest etiam theriaca. Post Evacuationes, Avicenna laudat exhibere Myrrham (Canon Lib. 4. Fen. 6. Cap. propr.) ʒiij. Pondere cum vino, & postea mulsum superbibere, imperat. Conciliator Myrrham & Castoreu● decoctae in vino, & salviam, ac rutam tritam, cum aqua in qua nuces cupressi coctae fuerunt, dart praescribit. Dioscorides vinum cum absynthi●. Apii decoctum, semen hormini, origanum hysopur cum vino. Rhases etiam Absynthium tritum cum multo vino. Aut semen Apii, vel Hysopum vel etiam mentastrum montanum cum vino. Pliny vinum merum remedio esse tradit. Nat. Hist. Lib. 23. Cap. 1 & in Lib. 20. Cap. 5. Commendat siser erraeticum, & in Lib. 22. Cap. 3. Semen urticae siccum fungis. Et Lardum Lupi, in Lib. 28. cap. 10. Denique in Lib. 29. cap. 5. Columbarum sylvestrium fimum priva●im contra Argenti vivi potum valere tradit, ut annotat Sennertus. Si vero à fumo Argenti vivi. naribus & ore recepto, aeger male habeat, conf●rt plurimum, ut aeger haustum lactis Caprini bibat, vel potius, in quantitate magna; vel vini in quo Absynthium & Hysopum, Decocta sunt; ut ex scriptis Platonis annotat Forestus, observat. med. Lib 8. observat. 5. Et ipse Forestus praedictum juvenem curavit, jubendo ut perpetuo uteretur, oro potu, lacte Caprino, & ut ipsum etiam comederet cum pane qui furfuris expers non esset. Etiam ut hoc decocto uteretur, Imperando. ℞. Rad. Apiiʒss Absynthii, Origani, Hysopi, Ana Manip. 1. seminis hormini seu galirici, 
Antidotes against Mercury received in fume.  & herbae quae tota bona dicitur, anaʒj. Coquantur in Lib. ij. Vini tenuis & albi, addendo albae bethonicae, Lib. 5. Ad consumptionem medietatis, & colatura sacc●aro dulcoretur. Quo, & potis Lactis Caprini cum continuaret, ab omnibus symptomatis diclis liber evasit, & pili postea creverunt per se. Laudat etiam Autozes Vinum in quo folia Rorismarini Staechas Arabica, & Centaur. Min cocta sint utilis est etiam aqua Salviae, et Zedoariae pota, Aeger quoque in balneo sicco saepe sudet, et post sudorem partes languentes fricentur sacculo in vino cocto, cui insutae sunt herbae facultatem habentes poros cutis aperiendi, et nervos roborandi; quales sunt salvia, Chamaepitys, betonica, lavendula, cum baccis Juniperi. Ut Docet Sonnertus. Perutilis etiam est succus pimpinellae, ut patet ab Historia illa ex Schenckio, jam citata, quo post multa srustra tentata, quendam, qui Argento vivo frequenter usus fuerat curatum fuisse ut ipse, loco citato, refert Schenckius. Si ab inunctione Argenti vivi aeger mali aliquid patiatur, à Mercurio in corpore relicto; Auri raementa potanda, vel globuli aut pillulae ex auri foli is paratae deglutiendae. Imbibitur enim Mercurius ab auro, et cum eo è corpore evacuatur, atque ita, ne quid mali excitetur, praecavetur. Ad dolorem quoque leniendum, os et fauces lacte tepido, vel decocto hordei abluantur. Ad inflammationem prohibendam, decocto vel aquae plantaginis, vel foliorum vitis, cum Diamoro, et syrupo De rosis siccis utatur aeger. Dentes abluendi decocto vel aqua Salivae, Aquilegiae, vino austero. Pro caeteris consule Autores.  
Praecipitate Mercury causeth more grievous symptoms, and is much more stronger poison; for besides all the preceding grievances, it causeth an inordinate effusion of putrid spittle, and that continually; An inflammation of the mouth, Ulcers in the Jaws and Gums, looseness of the teeth, 
Of Precipitate Mercury, and its Antidotes.  Trembling of the Members, Depravation of strength, Alienation of the Mind, and Death itself; Most of which symptoms, are recited by Langius, Lib. 1. Epist. 46. Palmarius, De Hydrargiro, Cap. 6. Operis de contagiosmorb. & Schenckius, Sennertus, and others. But the most grievous and horrid symptoms of all, are those caused by Mercurius sublimate, consuming like fire every thing it toucheth; whence, if it be taken inwardly, the Tongue, Mouth, and Jaws are immediately exasperated, which no gargarism or other means can ease or assuage without great difficulty and much expense of time; it extremely burns the stomach and bowels, exulcerating them, and the entrails also, 
Of Mercurius sublimate, and its Antidotes.  if it descend so far before it kills, and therefore excites most intolerable pains in those parts, as also inextinguishable thirst, suppression of Urine, Difficulty of breathing, and sometimes the bloody I lux, alienation of the Mind, Madness, and Death itself. As may be collected from those instances recorded by Sch●nckius, observat med. Lib 7 fol. 990 et 991. from Andrea Baccio in prol●gemenis venen●rum et Antidtorum Pa. 21. Et à Franc●sco Fal●riolae, observat. med. lib 1. observat. 7. Yet many Authors have stood up stiffly for some Chemical preparations of Mercury to be as wholesome and inoffensive, as any other medicament whatsoever, whence some have adventured to call one preparation, Mercurius Vitae, Mercury of life Another, Mercurius Dulcis, sweet Mercury; Nay and the powder of Precipitated Mercury, they have termed the Angelical Powder. But other Learned Men have exploded this high applause, as much on the other side; admonishing men to great circumspection and caution, how they attempt the taking of them: wherefore Guilielmus Fabricius, in Epist. ad D. Doringium, lib. 3. observat. annexa, thinks Mercurius Vitae, or that which they call Mercury of life, may, often times, be well nominated, Mercurius mortis, & Mercurius vitae aeternae, Mercury of Death, or Mercury of eternal life; because it doth frequently  such as take it either into Heaven or Hell. And so I may say of Precipitated Mercury likewise, you may thereby soon praecipitate yourselves: Also Mercurius Dulcis, although it be the most gentle of all the rest, may, if not duly prepared, and rightly administered, both for time, quantity, and respect had to the patiented, be very well denominated Mercurius Amarus. How they are to be prepared you may see in Evominus, Valentius, Quercita●u, Crollius and others. To decide this controversy, shall not be my work in this place, only thus much I shall add to what hath be said; That when they are rightly and fitly prepared, they are like Scanderbegs sword, which is either good or bad, strong or weak, As the Physician that prescribes, or the Patient that takes them; In plain English, they are most excellent medicines, if by an able and knowing Physician administered to strong bodies, or such as the Constitution, nature of the disease, or present state of the infirmity or body can bear: otherwise they are no better than poison. Curationem quod attinet, Si Argentum vivum non crudum, sed vel Sublimatum vel Praecipitatum fuerit assumptum, opem ferre possunt ea medicamenta, quae venenis erodentibus conveniunt, Primo ergo statim (ut dictum est) antequam ad intestina venenum transeat, vomitus provocandus. Vbi verò ad intestina descendit, Clysteres injicere necessarium est, ex decocto malvae, Altheae, bliti, et oleo sesami ac rosarum paratos. Postea ut vir●lenta Mercurii erosio fraenetur, jubent nonnulti ut aeger frequenter bibat lac recens mulsum, in quo, etiam semina psyllii maceraci possunt, vel aquam tepidam decoctionis hord●i. Confert etiam multum butyri recentiss. sale e●●tare, ut dococta Sennertus. Contra exulcerationes stomachi; commendat Vinum rubruns in quo myrobalani dec●ct● sint; Pinguedine Caprina, vel Hircina, etc. Ita enim exulcerationes intestinorum Clysteribus convenientibus sunt sanandae. Si (ut saepe sit) retentio urinae adsit, ut balneo aquae calidae utendum, postea pecten et vesica saepius fomentanda imposita spongia madida decocto Juniperi, et s●m. Apii, et regio vesicae inungenda eleo rutae, vel Juniperi, et Vinum bibendum, in quo radix Cyperi vel acori cocta sit, Laudant plurimi. Antidotum et quasi Bezear Argenti vivi sublimati, est pulvis Crystaelli subtilissimus ʒj quantitate cum ol. Amygdal. Dulc. haustus, ut scribant nonnulli. Alii, imprimis commendant contra Sublimatum, oleum Tartari, vel salis absynthii, ʒij. pondere sumptum. Aliqui ʒiij. myrrhae, cum vino calido, vel aqua mellis, aut vinum, in quo ruta, salvia, semen Apii castoreum, cocta sunt exhibent.  
Cinabar being taken inwardly, works much the same effects, as doth Argent vive (I mean the Artificial Cinabar) being composed of Mercury and Sulphur, And therefore, the Cure and Antidotes are the same.   

SECTION V Of Calxvive, and its Antidotes.  
Calxvive is likewise a deadly Poison, is appears by that story in Amatus Lucitanus, Cen. 5. Curatio 91. recorded by Schenkius Observat. Med. lib. 7. fol. 999. Of a boy of eight years of age, who eating a great quantity of it, fell into most grievous symptoms; As, he was extremely feverish, thirsty, and notwithstanding he drank much, yet could never extinguish that inordinate thirst wherewithal he was possessed, want of appetite & taste, also great pain in the Jaws, nay, and Death itself: For so he reports of this boy, that he died the ninth day after he had taken it. [Yet Fernelius, lib. 6. De partium morb. et symptom. Cap. 3. Tells us of a man that eat to the quantity of a man's fist of Calxvive, without any hurt at all to his stomach or howells.] Some Authors likewise affirm it to cause, being eaten, intolerable heat and drought in the Mouth, Tongue and Jaws, Difficulty of breathing, a Cough, and roughne ●e in the Throat, suppression of Urine, Syncope, Dysentery, etc. C●rationem quod attine, 〈◊〉 mùm statim danda opera ut vomitu rejiciatur, ejusque acrimonia lenientibus et lubricantibus obtundatur, partesque contra ejus erosionem muniantur, ut antea dictum. Venture quoque iisdem leniatur, ut et cassia extracta, vel jnjciatur Clysteres ex decocto hordei, fol. Rad. et sem. Altheae, malvae mucilag. sem. Psyllii, Cassia, Lini, ol. viol. Lini, Nymphaeae et similibus. Inter Antid●ta, recensetur fel Capreoli à ℈ j ad ʒj cum aqua datum calida.  et fel Cervinum ℈ j pondere eodem modo exhibitum. Item Terra Lemnia ʒij. quantitate cum lacte sumpta. To Calxvive, I may very well annex Mortar, being chiefly composed thereof, and is no less mortal, as appears by those relations from Pliny, 
De Gypso, or of Mortar and its Antidotes.  Nat. Hist, lib. 35. cap. 24. And Sabellicus, lib. 4. En. 9 quoted by the same Schenkius, loco citato, and others; The symptoms are much the same with Calx vive, yet not altogether so violent, But more moderate and gentle. And the same cures may likewise serve for a need; Yet Sennertus out of Rhases 8. ad Almensoar, Cap. proprio commendat scammoniiʒj. Cum Psylliiʒij. ex julebo. Item et Avi. cennas purgare scammonio jubet. Et quia Gypsum sumptum alvi pertinaces obstructiones sequi solent, ea lenienda Clysteribus ex decocto maluae, Althaae, Parietariae, flor. Chamaemeli, Cassia extracta, sem. lini. et oleo Anethino. Inter vera et propria Gypsi Antidota refertur stercus murisʒj. pondere ex vino potum, et dictamnus cum oxymelite. Item et Laudantur Theriaca et Mithridate aʒ ss. adʒij. exhibita cum vino generoso. Guianerius et alii commendant Bezoard. ʒij. pondere cum vino dulci, vel vino dec●ctionis Hysopi suniptus, etc.   

SECTION VI Of Vitriol and its Antidotes.  
VItriol in regard of its admirable and transcendent use in Physic, may seem to be impertinently placed among Poisons; Yet because it hath been known that such as have taken it, either Crude, or the Chemical oil in too great a quantity, or in any other manner have thereby been grievously molested and intolerably affected, as that fellow in Joannes Crato lib. 5. Consil. 10. Epist. et aliorum pagin. 380. et 383. Who being afflicted with the Gout, thinking to ease himself by drinking some of the oil of Vitriol, in all his external parts & pores, felt before he Died, as it were points of needles all about him; Nay and the same Crato, in the same place, affirms, he hath seen the Lungs corroded in one who used much this Mineral; And another whose Liver came away as it were by bits, intolerable pain in their bowels, vehemently exclaiming their entrails were burnt up and torn in pieces. Moreover I find others ranking it among Poisons also; and therefore upon these considerations, I am unwilling to descent, but readily agree with them, since common experience and sense evinceth us that if but a drop of that Oil be dropped on Cloth, or aught else almost, it will soon burn through it. Ideoque Vitriolo sumpto, danda opera, ut quam primum vomitu planè reijciatur, quod fit decoctae Anethi; vel Aqua Tepida et oleo Anethi: Sedato vomitu, lac recens tepidum largius sumatur, cum saccaro et butyro; vel exhibeatur decoctum hordei cum syrupo violarum. Si erosio & cruciatus in intestinis percipiantur, Clystres lenientes, ut jam dictum, injiciantur. Antidoti loco exhibeatur Terrae Lemnia vel sigillata, cum mucilag. sem. Cydoniorʒj. ex aqua hordei; vel corallium rubrum cum vino detur.   

SECTION VII. Of Copper, and such as proceed thereof, with their Antidotes.  
Aes, Copper, or Brass, is likewise of a venomous quality, as many of the Learned think, and experience confirms; and of this ariseth several other noxious things; As, Aes ustum, Aerugo, Squamma, et Flos Aeris; Which, being taken Inwardly, are very poisonous; As, they subvert the appetite, hinder concoction, and macerate the bowels and entrails, especially, Squamma, and Flos Aeris; as also Aerugo, or Verdygreece, which are much more violent and grievous. As, Squamma Aeris, hath a particular property in gripping and tormenting the bowels, provoking either to vomit, or causing an intolerable Flux. Flos Aeris is much of the same Nature, but over and above, contraets and affecteth the Lungs, so as that the party is thereby often suffocated. But Aerugo, which we call Verdigreece, is the most deadly poison of all the rest, having all their properties; and moreover affecteth much after the manner which you have but now heard of Arsenic. Their Cure is all one, & ut hactenus de aliis venenis saepe dictum, quicquid assumptum fuerit ut evomatur. Postea accipiatur lac, et praecipue Asininum, Butyrum recens, juscula carnium pinguia, mucil. sem. fenigraeci, Althaeae, Psyllii, Lini, item syrupus et julebus violarum, cum aqua frigida. Nonnullietiam valde commendant pinguedinem ovium in jusculo sumptum. Antidoti loco enecantur a bolo Armenoʒij. quantitate cum hydramelite; vel terra lemnia; aut sigillataʒj. quantitate cum vino exhibito. Laudantur et succus menthae; aut succus Apii cum potu Datus, ad quant. ʒij. vel in vino sumptus. Item Theriacaʒij. quantitate propinata. Vel saltemʒij. vel iij. succi Rad. Acori, Coralliae rubrae preparataeʒij. Aut pulvis Zedoariaeʒj. vel ol. Anisi ℈ j in vino sumpti.   

SECTION VIII. Of the Dross and Rust of Iron, with their Antidotes.  
IN like manner the Dross and Rust of Iron, or any Chemical preparation of Iron or Steel which is made thereof, if either it be taken in too great a quantity, or be not duly administered, or at least, stay too long in the Body, may prove very prejudicial, and cause many horrid symptoms; as intolerable headaches, grievous inflammations over the whole Body, Drought of the Mouth, Tongue, and unsufferable pains in the stomach and belly, and sometimes vomiting. The Cure is effected in the same manner, and with the same medicaments which you have heard before. Antidoti loco, usurpatur Magnes seu Bezoarʒj. pondere in pillulas eum succo Mercurialis confirmatus.   

SECTION IX. Of Lead, Ceruse, and Litharge, with their Antidotes.  
PLumbum, Led also, taken in small bits or powder, or continuing long in the body, and dissolved, causes grievous and intolerable sumptomes, as appears by that story recorded by Fernelius Cap. 7. De Lue Venerea of a friend of his, as Schenkins lib. allegato recites it, who being persuaded by an Empiric to eat the Powder of Lead, as being an admirable preservative and remedy against the Gout, and rashly following his Counsel, without any more ado, did, at certain times, in Broth, Wine, upon baked Pears, and such kind of food, instead of sugar, in the space of fifteen days, eat about a pound weight thereof. But (saith he) into how many, and horrid symptoms did he immediately fall? on the 12. day a most greievous Dysentery and Fever seizes upon him, with intolerable pains, not only of the belly, but of the stomach also, and most sharp gnawings, in that insufferable manner, that he could not endure his belly or region of his stomach should be touched in the gentlest manner; And whatsoever he took was immediately vomited up again, and tincted of a Leaden Colour, and so propense he was to belching, that one would have thought he was even made up of Wind. But these grievous pains and gnawings of his belly and stomach (the Dysentery ceasing) continued twenty Days and Nights, during all which time he never slept one wink; coveting to eat perpetually, although not much to drink: But never went to stool without the help of some Clyster, or other purging medicine; And than whatsoever he voided, was of a Leaden Colour, at length he became Ictericall and of a nasty hue; nay, and his very blood, which was drawn to abate the Fever, was of a yellow Colour, Choleric, and strange to behold. The same is to be understood of Minium, Ceruse, Litharges, and whatsoever else is made of Lead. Nay, and the same may be said of Tinn, if it be taken into the Body, and there resolved (for otherwise taken in a lump, it doth little or no hurt, nor Led neither) for it causeth such like symptoms, though not altogether so grievous; The Cure therefore is the same which is used when Lead is resolved in the Body, viz. And that is, as most Authors conceive, the same likewise with that of Ceruse, Minium, and Litharge, in the same method as you have already heard of other Poisons; First by vomit before it be resolved in the Body, and diffused into the parts; then by Clysters, and so to use Antidotes, as occasion requires; But Sennertus thinks vomiting here needless in every respect; for that, Lead is inoffensive unless it be resolved in the body; The truth is, if it be taken in lumps or in small pieces, the danger is not much, because it is not likely to resolve, but if in powder, as in this story which we have heard from Fernelius, a vomit would be administered as most necessary and requisite to ejecti●, f possible, before it can be resolved; Ad quem rem ●tilia srut decc●t●m sem. Rapi et Atriplicis, Radic: maluae, ficuum, cum butyro recenti, oleo Communi, Arnethino, Liliorum, Irinum, Sesaminum et similia, ut et aqua mulsa. Postea Lac Asininum, ut et aliorum animalium exhibitum, laudatur. Clysteres parentur ex decocto Brassicae, Caulium rubrorum, Decoct: Radic: maluae, Althaeae, parietariae, Cardui benedicti, Centaur: minor. Diaphaenico, gran. Juniperi, ol: communi, Lilliorum alborum, et Anethi, vel ex aqua Meliti: Si Clysteres non satis juvant, et symptomata ingravescant, purgantes iniiciendi, parati ex hydromelite, decocto Centaur: minor. Anetho, Hydromelite, Hyera picra, ol: Rutae, Pinguedine Gallinarum, Scammonio et similibus. Antidoti loco, exhibeantur grana Cydoniorum excorticata, et tritaʒij: pondere cum vino dulci. Et Minium sumptum, exhibeatur spodium de ebore usto, ʒij. pondere ex vino; Item utile est quotidie usque Diem quintum, Theriacae et Methridatiʒij. cum aqua mellis vel vino propinare. Simul etiam exhibenda medicamenta, quae malignitat● resistunt, vimque aperiendi et urinam movendi habent (precipue cum Lethargyrum fuerit sumptum) In quem usum imprimis commendatur myrrha eujus duos obolos vel tres ex vino exhibent Autores, velʒj. vel ij. Commendant itaque Absynthium, Hysopum, sem. apii, piper, Ligustri storem ex vino; item et Hypericum. Rhases hoc medicamentum dare. jubet. ℞ sem: apii, myrrhae: an. Aur. ij. Absynthii. Aur: j Misce cum sapa dosis Aurei ij. vel ℞ sem: Appii Absynthi, an: part equal: piperis Drachm: ss. Detur pondus Aureor ij. cum vino. Petrus Aponensis Bezoar Lethargyri sem●n Kervae vel Cataputiae majoris esse scribit. Laudatur et columbarum et palumbarum stereus ex vino vel mulso exhibitum, etc.    

DIVISION II. Of such as are dug out of the Fa●th, and are not Metals:  

SECTION I: Of Lapis Lazulus, and its antidotes:  
LApis Lazulus, although oftentimes it be with good success used in Physic, and by several Physicians applauded for an excellent medicine; Yet if it be not rightly prepared, and duly administered, is likewise Poison; For if it be not well ordered, or taken in too great a quantity, or preposterously, it causeth vomitings, destroyeth the appetite, subverteth the stomach, and causeth many pains and gripe. Curatio, ut dictum, consistit in eo, ut primò vomitu reijciatur, et Clysteribus lenientibus et abstergentibus per alvum educatur. Deinde ut exhibeantur ea, quae vim corrodendi temperant, ut lac tepidum, asininum praecipuè pro Septem Diebus. Bezoar vero hujus veneni, succinum, adʒij. sumptum, esse, idem scribit.   

SECTION II. Of the Diamond, and its Antidotes.  
THe Diamond likewise taken into the Bocy in powder is rank Poison, as most Authors maintain; Causing grievous pains in the stomach, & entrails, and brings at length Death itself. The method for Cure, is, as you have all along heard, first by vomit before it be got into the bowels, then by lenitive and cleansing Clysters, or purges if they are insufficient, Antidotiloco, postea dandum, censent nonnulli, sanguinem Hirci recentem vel siccum cum jure Carnium pingui. Alii Balsamum serum à ℈ j ad ij. exhibendum censent.   

SECTION III. Of the Loadstone and its Antidotes.  
TO which we may likewise add the Loadstone, which although many are of opinion it is no Poison, yet in regard I find the most rational concluding in the affirmative, I can in no wise dissent from them: For certainly if it be retained long in the Body, it will, no question, as well as other Stones and Minerals, be prejudicial. So Sennertus concludes; But if any such thing happen: Curatio sit per vomitionem in principio: Si verò ad intestina Descenderit, Clysteribut lenientibus abluendus, aut si illi non sufficiant, purgantibus evomendus. Deinde exhibeenda quae Antidoti loco habentur; Smaragdus nimirum, qui Novem Di●rum spatio t●r cum vino propinetur. Cui 〈◊〉 C. C. 〈◊〉 C●●●alia addi possunt utili● est ●t Th' riaca. Nonnulli et Allium valde c●mm●ndant. And thus much shall suffice to be spoken of Poisons b l●aning to Minerals, and such as are d●g ●ut of the Earth.     

OF POISONS belonging to VEGETABLES. CLASS. 2.  
VEgetables also, afford to us variety of Poisons; but chief they may be reduced to these seven Heads. As, 1. They are either Seeds, or 2. Roots, or 3. Leaves and Branches, or 4. Flowers, or 5. Trees, or 6. Fruits, or else lastly, Juices. First Seeds are again, principally, these Four: 1. Semen Ricini, 2. Sem. Hyosyami, 3. Loliis, and 4. Granum Nubiae. Secondly, Roots are, especially these Four also: 1. Ixia, seu Camaelion niger, 2. Helleborus Albus, 3. Aconitum, 4. Mandragora. Thirdly, Leaves and Branches are in number 7. As, 1. Napellus, 2. Cicuta, 3. Hyosyamus, 4. Mandragora, 5. Herba Sardonica, Ranunculus, seu Apium, 6. Esula minor five Tithymallus, 7. Ophiusa. Fourthly, Flowers are 1. Flos Colchii, 2. Flores Africani, 3. Croci. Fifthly, Trees, are chief these Three also: 1. Juglans' Arbour, 2. Taxus Arbour, 3. Buxus Arbor. Sixthly, Fruits are in number Five: 1. Mandragora, 2. Nux vomica, 3. Colocynthis, 4. Solanum, 5. Mangas. Seventhly, and Lastly, Juynes are especially also, these Five: 1. Opium, 2. Euphorbium, 3. Scammonium, 4. Hinccae Succus, 5. and Lastly, Toxicum, and Pharicum. Of all which, briefly one word, and so descend to Poisons belonging to Animals, and then conclude.  

DIVISION I. Of Seeds that are Poison.  

SECTION I De Semine Ricinae, of the Seed of Palma Christi of America, and its Antidotes.  
ANd first of Seeds, and De Semine Ricina, or the Seeds of Palma Christi of America, which although in former Ages it was, (and now still perhaps in this may be) in use for purging Choler, Phlegm, and Hydropical Humours; yet taken in too great a quantity, or administered by an unskilful Hand, proves pernicious and rank Poison, destroying the Appetite, overthrowing the Stomach, causing most violent and incessant vomitings, etc. Nay, and at length, Death if self: As appears by that Story recorded by Amatus Lucitanus, Cent. 6. Cura●. 63. Of some who eating some of these Seeds instead of Pistacias, were not only, thereby, with grievous symptoms affected, but also destroyed. Dioscorides allows of thirty Seeds for a Dose; But Costeus in Com. Mesu. is more rational, allowing but of three, for indeed that is the greatest Dose, and to strong Bodies too. Yet he doth not impute this gross mistake to Dioscorides, but rather to the Transcriber of his Copy putting 30. for 3. (or it may be the Printers fault, wherefore this may be a warning to them to be Circumspect, Careful, and diligent in their Calling) The Truth is four will kill the strongest Zamzummim or Goliath, that ever was, without flinging them at their heads, but only ●●ding them down their Throats.  in omnibus venenis ita & in hoc. Medicus imprimis id agere debet, ut venenum, si ore sumptum sit, quamprimum vomitu reiiciatur, Et si jam ad inferiora descenderit, per alvum medicamento purgante, vel Clystere evaecuetur. Postea, statim veneni vis Alexipharmacis propriis expugnanda; qualia sunt Terra Sigillata, Bolum armenum, etc. Item utile est quotidie usque ad Diem septimum Theariac et Methridati ʒij cum aqua mellis, ●ol vino propinare, Simul otiane exhibonda medinamentae, quae malignitati rosistune, in quem usum inprimis commend tur Lapis Bezoar, cujusʒj. vel ij. ex vino exhibent Autores.   

SECTION II. Of the Seed of Hen-bane, and its Autidotes.  
SEmen Hyosyami: the Seed of Hen-bane, is likewise exceeding dangerous, not only to Hens, and other Birds, and Beasts, but to Mankind especially; affecting and setting upon the Brain and Animal spirits: As is evident from that of Pena, who tells us of a young woman an acquaintance of his, that by using to receive the sum of this Seed into her mouth for the pain of the teeth, became so molested in her mind and senses, for 3. days after, that she seemed to be drunk, reeling up and down as she walked, being vertiginous and giddy. Such an other Story Alexandrinus Annot. ad Cap. 3. Galeni, quod Animi mores temperaturam Corporis sequantur, hath of a youth which he knew, that by eating some of these Seeds, was not only inebriated, but raging, and as were mad, at length taken with a Vertigo, lay so a long time, etc. It causes likewise difficulty in breathing, insomuch that sometimes the party seems to be in danger of choking; Likewise an universal trembling over the whole Body, Dotage, Alienation of the Mind, Frenzies, Madness, and the Falling-sickness, etc. M. Joannes Faber. De observat. Propriis. Records some remarkable Stories to this effect; One is, of a certain Nobleman, who being intolerably molested with an universal pain in his left side, was persuaded by his Lady, to take twenty five whole Seeds of Hen-bane, assuring him that it would immediately cure him, and if it were an Impostum, break it, etc. (with many such motives she atlength prevailed; But let this be a warning to all rational men, how they take Physic of that wonderful creature in nature a Woman Doctor; And likewise be a Caveat to those more curious than wise Creatures, how they adventure to administer what they are ignorant of: It being ten to one (if they go upon their own reason and judgement) the Case being dangerous, they rather kill then cure; and if at any time it happen otherwise, all rational men must needs acknowledge a more Divine hand, and rather Gods especial mercy and providence, than the least skill in them: The same may he said of Empirics and Ig●●●muses.) But it was not long after he had taken this mad Medicine, but he grow so wild, and fell into such a Frenzy, and Alienation of Mind, that as my Author says, Ne● Liberos, nec Fr●●res, nec Sorol●●m, quam bab it unidam, agnoscere potuerit He did not know either his Children, Brothers, Sister, or any of his Relations; And was so seized on by Lipothymia, and sounding sits, that they were out of hopes he would live. An other man he tells us of, that travelling along the road, and intolerably pained with the Toothache, at length alighting at a Victualling House to drink, and relating to his Hostess his grief, was persuaded by her to receive the fume of this Seed into lus Forth, by a Funnel, (as the common way of that Cure is to do) But he thereupon, fell into such a Frenzy, that he ran about the Fields as if he had been stark mad, etc. Likewise he reports, that a woman by eating of it instead of an other grain, because thereby Epileptic, and that so grievous, that a fit did usually continue a whole Day and Night. Of this Hen-bane there are several kinds, as is described by Dioscorides lib. 4. Cap. 64. Our Parkinson, Theat. Botanic. Trib. 3. Cap. 13. And other Herbalists; But especially their sorts are reduced to these three kinds; As being either 1. Black, which is most dangerous; Or 2. Red or Yellowish, which, is less pernicious; Or else Lastly, White▪ which is the least offensive of all; Yet neither of them but will cause all these aforesaid symptoms and alterations in our Senses and Brains, if unadvisedly taken; or in too great a quantity: I mean the Seeds of those several kinds. In Curing of the Body, or freeing it from this Poison, taken thereinto, as you have most frequently heard, you must first before it be descended into the entrails, or diffused into the parts, endeavour to cast it up by vomits, such as you have heard before described, or in this manner; ℞ Flor. Genistae, Sambuci, An. P ij Cortie. Ebul. ʒij. Sem. Raphan. Anethi, Atriplic. An. ʒj. Agaric. ʒss. Coquantur in s. q. hydromelit is; Colaturae ℞ ℥ vj. Add ol. Rutae ℥ j misce, Fiat potio. And such like. But if it be already gotten into the entrails, you must endeavour to expel it by Lenitive and cleansing Clysters, which hath also been declared before, or else you may make use of Purges; As hath likewise been often taught, or prepared. Ex electuario Jndo, Diacarthamo, Scammonio, Colocynthida, Diacatholico, Agarico, etc. And then lastly to administer such Medicines as are proper and effectual to resist the nature of that Poison, viz. Antidotes, and such also as do allay the malignant quality thereof. This you have been often told is the method of Curing, and freeing the body of all manner of Poisons. So that it will not only he needless, to reiterate the same thing over and over again, in speaking of every Poison, but also ridiculous: Wherefore, omitting that, for brevity's sake, and to avoid Tautology, I shall henceforward all along give you only their several Antidotes, and what Medicines are commanded, and have been approved by the Learned; And that in short.  
First, then, touching this Hen-bane seed. Bezoartica hujus veneni sunt Pistatia large comesta et imbibita, Castore●m, Ruta, Absy●thium, folia et baccae lauri. Theriaca, Mithridate. Parkinsonus noster Botanicus Commendat valde Lac Caprinum, Aq. mellis, sem. Faeniculi, Senapi, Raphani, Vrticae, item et Allium, etc. ex vino sumptum. Item et Nuc. Pinior. cum vino mulso. Laudatur & Pulver. Pestilent. Joanni Faber ʒ ss. pondere cum vino.   

SECTION III. Of Darnel, and its Antidotes.  
LOlium Darnel, growing among Corn, is likewise a pernicious Seed; as may appear by what Galen affirms in Lib. 6. De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus, & Lib. 1. De alimentorum facultatibus. Who there attests, that such Bread that hath any of this Seed mixed with it, is of that quality that it causeth such as eat thereof, to be possessed with a trembling over the whole Body, Stupor, Restlessness, Hindering Sleep, etc. Wherefore he adviseth, they be carefully picked out of the Corn before they be ground. And that such as have the ordering of it, be therewith acquainted, in regard they may be apt to commit an error ignorantly, they not knowing either the property of Darnel, or its effects which that they are Direful, causing Vertigo, Dotage, Allenation of the Mind, and Madness itself, is evident from that of Joannes Wierus, Lib. 3. De Praestigiis, Cap. 18. Edit. 6. As Schenkius quotes. The Cure is the same with Hen-bane seed.   

SECTION IU. De Grano Nubiae, and its Antidotes, Fennel, Linseed, etc.  
GRanum Nubiae, another pestilent and venomous Grain, so called by Authors, from the Denomination of the place in which it grows; It is so strong and violent a Poison, that One Grain thereof is present Death, if it be taken into the Body any manner of way; As divers Authors affirm. Its A●●●●tes are Theriaca, Mithridate, 〈◊〉 Armenus▪ Lapis Be●●ar, Terra ●gillata, Lac Caprinum, Asini● 'em largius sumptum, et similia; That is, if so little be taken that the Party lives till something can be administered, (as is seldom seen) and then you may likewise follow the Method before prescribed in Hyosyamo.  
To these Seeds, Linseed may be added, which may perhaps seem strange to some, but if it be taken in any great quantity, or commonly fed on, it is very noxious; Filling the Bowels and Body with corrupt Humours, and Wind, extending the hypochondries, bloating and swelling the Face & other parts, and many times brings Death itself, if we may believe Dodonaeus Lib. 2. Cap. 24. Hist. Stirp. Who tells us of some poor people in Midleberge in Zealand, who through want and indigency making Bread of it, and eating it, were not only grievously affected with many sad symptoms, but also thereby destroyed. And so likewise Balthasar Pisanellus▪ (as Schenkius notes,) Libro De es● ulentorum et potulentorum facultatibus, interpret Fresag●o, D● Faeniculo, Accounts Fenel seed of a malignant quality many times; By reason of certain Worms which breed in them of 〈◊〉 very poisonous quality. Their C●res are the same with the former. And thus much of Seeds.    

DIVISION II. Of Poisons belonging to Roots.  

SECTION 1. Of the black Camaelion-Thistle-Root, and its Antidotes.  
NOW of Rootes. 1. Ixia son Camalion niger, the black Chameleon Thistle, which, as Galen accounts, is very pernicious; So that even by the very touch thereof, the skin is exulcerated. Nay Bellonius goes further, telling us, Lib. 1. observ. Cap. 35. of some, who handling of these Roots, had their Faces extremely exculcerated by the very touch of their Hands, as Schen●ius, Sennertus, and our Parkinson quote. Much more dangerous than will it be, taken inwardly; As it will cause many gripe and pains in the stomach, difficulty of breathing, Inflammations, Lipothymia, and fainting; Nay, and Madness, affecting chief the Heart and Spirits. Excitat● vomitu, etc. Aegroto propinandum decocium Absinthij, ex ●ino paratum, vel aceto, aut hydromelite; vel exhibeatur●ide●● silphij radix, vel Rutae sylvestris semen; vel nardus Jndica; Castoreum, Theriaca, vel Mithridate, etc.   

SECTION TWO Of White Hellebor, and its Antidotes.  
HEll●borus Albus, White Hellebor, (if it may properly be so termed, because Galen 5. Aphoris. 1. will have it to be understood without the addition of White) although it hath formerly, among the Ancients been, and yet, to this day, continues, in use for Physic, well prepared, corrected, and discreetly administered; yet erring herein, it oftentimes proves Poison, [notwithstanding the people in Thrace, and certain shepherds in those Countries, can familiarly eat whole handfuls, and two or three Roots at a time, as Theophr. De Hist. Plant. Lib. 9 Cap. 18. attests.] Causing most grievous wring and pains in the stomach, hickope, difficulty in breathing, danger of strangling, as those in Scoltzeus, who, instead of spice, being sprinkled upon the meat, eating of it, were all like▪ to be choked: It soon seizeth upon the Heart and Spirits, disturbs the fancy, and mind enfeebleth and takes away the strength of the Body; As appears by that stratagem of Solon, against the City Cy●rhaeus, ●s Pausanius, in Ph●ciis hath it; makes an universal trembling over the whole Body, causes Lipothymia and sounding sits, and at length suff●cates and kills the party; As him in Ponz●ttus recorded Lib. 2. Cap. 32. De ●enenis, who took a Drachm and a half. Antidoti loco exhibeatur, pulv. sl. aut Rad. Nymphae albae, vel s●m. Pastinacae, ʒij. cum vino ex Absynthio, Scordio, Aniso, Cumino, Nardo Indica, et Cast●reo paretur pulvis, & cum vino off●ratur, ut et Theriaca, Mithrydatum. Ad strangulationem inhibendam laudatur Galbaniʒ ss. Ad v●ntris cruciatus et tormina sedanda, sacculus è surfuribus, sale Pulegio, Cumino, Ruta▪ Mentha, et La●●i bac●is paratus, & in vino v●l l●cte coctus, extra▪ c●lide applicetur. Velure ℞ Mithridatij, Castar●i, ●●●nc. moscat. express. An. ʒj. 〈◊〉. Rut●c● 〈◊〉. ●ia●●●inimentum Q●● rati●●e Hyp●●●●●rcharsis, ●t nimia purgatio ●s●enda ●●t▪ 〈◊〉 sing●●● 〈◊〉 qu●mo ●o curandus sit, ●t C●nv●l 〈◊〉 q●● 〈◊〉 ●●de●e sol●nt, vide Apud Fraclic●●.   

SECTION III. Aconitum and its Antidotes.  
A Conitum is accounted one of the most Deadly Poisons that is: killing not only Beasts, but men also, with the very touch. Pliny Nat. Hist. Lib. 27. Cap. 2. As Schenkius observes, thinks it one of the most pernicious poisons of all others: Idem refert tactis genitalibus faeminini sexus animalium eodem die mortem infert. Atque hoc fuit venenum quo interemptas, dormientes a Calphurnio Bestia uxores. Antidoti loco sunt Ruta, Abrotanum, Centaurium, Origanum, Marrubium, Chamaepitis, Aristoloch. Longa, Coagulum Leporis, Haedi, cum vino vel aceto sumptum, Rad. Eryngij, Castoreum, Theriaca, Mithridatum; Sed imprimis commendatur opobalsamum ʒj. pondere exhibitum. Sed adeo homini adversa est, ut nisi statim succurratur, hominem subito interficiat.   

SECTION iv Of the Mandrake and its Antidotes.  
MAndragora the Mandrake Root, which is of so poisonous a nature, that it affecteth in a violent manner, making the Mouth and Tongues of such as have taken it, dry, and as it were inflamed: It hath a bitter taste, and is of a most offensive smell, causing such a deep sleep to seize on those who hath seized upon it, that it is no easy matter to awake them, stupifying the brain and senses, making them oftentimes mad; And in the end, if means be not used in time, it kills. Antidoti loco, aegro Pulegium, Origanum, Absynthi●m, Ruta, Scordium, Castoreum, seu forma decocti, sen pulveris, cum vino vel accio exhibeantur. Vtilis est Theriaca, Raphanus domesticus, cum sale per triduum aliquoties assumptus, Mandragorae Bezoar perhib●tur. Ad aegrum excitandum adhibeantur Odoramenta et Errhina è castoreo, Ruta, Pulegio, Pyrethro, Pipere et Sinapi parata. Et reliqua e●●nia quae in Lethargo adhiberi solent; ut, Frictiones, Ligaeturae, etc. Caput etiam irrigandum est A●eto et Oleo Rosaceo, item oleo in quo Puleg●um, Calamintha, Serpill●m, Thymus, et alia Medicam●nta Cephalica c●cta fuerunt. Potus sit virtum dulce, vel vinum Absynthites.  
To which Roots, we may well add the excessive use of Garlic, Onions, and ●●e●kes, since all Physicians▪ conclude them extreme noxious, engendering many gross, corrupt, and malignant humours, inflame the Blood, hurt the Eyes, Head, Braine, and Stomach, and incline to Lethargies, Sopor Coro, Vertigo, Epilepsy, and madness itself. Nay and Cardan affirms, That even the Children that are begotten of such as use to. feed frequently on Onions, are much inclined and prone to madness. Arnulfus the Emperor, as Crantzius records, Lib. 3. cap. 3. Saxoniae, Lost his life by too liberally feeding on Garlic. And if we may believe Mizaldus, he will show us, in horto, that Leeks are no less dangerous. The Cures o● these, are the same with that of Hen— ba●● before declared.    

DIVISION III. Of Poisons belonging to Herbs.  

SECTION I. Of Woolf. bane, and its Antidotes.  
THirdly, of Herbs and Leaves, Napells offers itself first to our Consideration commonly among us known by the name of Wolf-bane; The most poisonous and deadly of all others, if taken inwardly, either to Dog, Cat, or any other Creature, as well as Wolveses, nay and unto Mankind also, as all Authors affirm; And common experience hath evinced us, if we may give Credit to the relations we meet with in: he writings of the Learned: As that Feast in Antwerp, where, the Leaves of this Herb being ignorantly put into a Salad among others, and eaten by several, died every one, not without most horrible and grievous symptoms, at large to be seen in Schenkius, where he recites several examples of such as have eaten this Herb; As, in brief, they are, (as appears by those examples) very much swelled in most parts of the Body, their Mouths are inflamed, and their Tongue swelled, so as that it can hardly be contained in the Mouth; They are Convulsive, Vertiginous, subject to frequent faintings, The Face and whole Body pa●e, or, as it were, black and blue, the Pease weak, the Eyes drawn add, the Legs failing, and the whole man possessed with a Cold Sweat, and lastly, with Death 〈◊〉 self, etc. This Napellus, as Mathiolus up 〈◊〉 Dioscori●es. Lib. 4. Cap. 73. maintains, ●s a kind of Aconitum; And the truth is they ●re so near of kin, that I find sew Authors ●learing their differences, most taking them to be one and the same, and so confound these appellations promiscuously and indifferently, using the one for the other, or for both. I should be too prolix, (and but to little purpose) to reconcile the Controversy; wherefore I shall for brevity's sake refer you to the aforesaid Dioscorides, Mathiolus, Dodonaeus, our Parkinson, Gerrard, and other Herbalists. As touching the Cure, Such is the malignity and venomous nature of this Herb, that if present remedy be not used, no Antidote is of sufficient force to allay or resist it, but in short time kills them that have taken it. Sed Antidoti loco, exhibeatur Lapis Bezoar, Terra sig●llata cum Butyro et Aqua Mellis, utilis item est et Smaragdusʒij. pondere exhibitus, Bolus Armenus, Syrupus Acetositat. Citr. Granatorum Praecipuum vero adversus Napellum, et alia venena, Antidotum est istud praestantissimum, in Paena, ●t Lobel. in Adversariis stirpium, Pag. 320. ℞. Muscarum quae pastum ceperint De Napello Num. 20. Aristolecchiae, Boli Armeni, an.ʒj. Dosis estʒj. in Pulvere, in Aqua Rutae. vel ℞. Zedoar. ℈ j Thuris; ℈ ss. Lapid Bezoar. gra. seven. Mosci, Ambrae, An. gra. ij. Fiat pulvis. Antidote Guianer ij. est, ℞ Bacci Laur. Mithridat. Terrae Lemniae, An ℥ ij. Muscarum Napelli, Num. 24. Mellis, & olei q s. Fiat Electuarium. Landantur & Theriaca, et Mithridatum. Ad oris & faciem Inflammationem, adhibeantur collutiones oris ex Aqua Rosar. Prunell. Plantagin. Cum Rob. Nucum, Diamoro, et similibus. Cordis etiam regioni sericum succo boragi●is madidum, vel aliud cordiale imponatur. Refert se quendam à morte revocasse, Mathiolus, ol●o s●● de Scorpionibus Cordi illito; Non solum tamen regioni Cordis, sed et manunum de pedum arteriis, et sub axillis ●lea talia inungpossunt.   

SECTION II. Of Hemlock and i s Antidotes.  
CIcuta, Hemlock, is likewise, as all Authors agree, a dangerous Poison; (Yet Mercuriaelis Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 6. Out of Empericus, tells us of one that eat 30 Drachms of Hemlock, without any hurt.) Causing Vertigoes, difficulty of breathing, Hickop, and sometimes strangles the party; also Trigidity, stupor, and swell over all the Body; Likewise Frenzies, Madness, and at length an abatement of the strength, and Death itself, to such as eat this Herb, as it hath been often known, mistaking it for Parsley, and the Roots for Parsueps [Vide Dalecampius, Annotat. ad Cap. 13. Lib. 25. Plinij, Lit. H. Cardanus, De venenis, Lib. 1. Cap. 2. Julius Caes. Scaliger, 
Of Hemlock, and its Antidotes.  Exercitat. 152. add subtle. Cardan, Mathiolus, Comm. ad Lib. 6. Cap. 11. Dioscoridis.] In Curatione, statim Alexipharmaca sunt exhibenda, praemisso vomitorco, et ut sunt Pulv: Rutae, Dictamni, fol. Lauri, Dauci, Gentianae, Piperis, Cardamomi, seminis Vrticae, Absynthij, Castorei. Cum vino generoso exhibend. vel Decoct. Laudatur et vinum merum seu generosum largius sumptum; Si enim paucum exhibeatur, metus est ne potius vehiculi loco sit veneno, quam ut id expugnet. Tragus Hist: Stirp. Lib. 1 Cap 159. valde Commendat Acetum Co●iosius ha●stum; quo mulierem quae B●d Cicutae devorasset, se curasse affirmati Th●ri●ca quoque et Mithridatiumʒij. pondere whib●ri possunt.   

SECTION III. Of the Herb Hen bane.  
HIosyamus, Hen-bane the Herb, as well as the Seed, is Rank Poison; But in regard its symptoms, effects, and also Cures, are the same which you have heard before, where I spoke of the Seeds; I shall not need to add any thing in this place.   

SECTION iv Of the Herb Mandrake.  
MAndragora, Mandrake, is likewise pernicious, taken in the Herb as well as Root, though not altogether so violent; the effects and Cures, see in the Roots.   

SECTION V Of Round-Leaved-Marsh-Crow-foot, and its Antidotes.  
HErba Sardonica, Ran●●nculus, seu Apium, The Round-Leaved-Marsh-Crow foot. By Lucitanus, Comment. ad Cap. 171. Lib. 2. Dioscorid. And others of the Learned, is accounted very malignant and Poisonous; Causing the Throats and Stomaches of such as eat it, to burn, and be as it were on fire; As also their Bowels, entrails; And indeed the whole Man is thereby Inflamed; Causing an Alienation of the Mind, and so draws the Mouth aside, and shrivells up the Face, that they seem to Laugh. Vnde appellatur Apium risus; Apium, quod agresti Apio simile sit; Herba Sardonica dicta est, quod in Sardinia Copiose provenit. Unde in proverbio de homine in calamitatibus ridente dicitur, Risus Sardonius. Itaque Convulsio Canina à nonnullis Sardonicus Risus Denominatur, etc. In Curatione valde utilis est emulsio Amygdal. Dulc. sem. 4. frig. major, excorticator. Item sem. Papau. albi, cum aq. Hordei, Lactucae, et Plantaginis parata. Antidoti loco est succus melistae cum aceto datus, vel Bolus Armenus cum sero Lactis; vel Castoreum cum vino Dulci. Extra inungatur Cervix oleo Costino, de Castoreo, Vnlpino, Hyperici, Vnguento Aregon. & similibus. Laudatur et vinum largius sumptum.   

SECTION VI Of Spurges and their Antidotes.  
ESula Minor, sive Tithymallus, The Smaller Spurge, is by some esteemed as the most violent; The truth is, there is not a pin to choose, they are all sorts so bad. For although they have been, and may be used inwardly to purge Choler, Phlegm, and Hydropical humours: Yet are they but very Churlish, working violently, more fit for horses, than Men, or rather, for Devils; For taken unseasonably, or in too great a quantity, without respect to the nature of the disease, constitution, strength, and custom of the Patient, may sooner kill, than Cure; nay and proves Poison itself. Notwithstanding Dioscorides prescribeth to take ʒiij. of that sort called Pityusa, with red flowers, I do here affirm, peremtorily, it is too much or too great a Dose by far. For who so shall venture upon half a Drachm of the juice, or powder of the Root (as be adviseth to prepare it) shall find it sufficiently strong, and enough, and that one Drachm will destroy them. But I would not advise any to go to disprove me by the Trial of it Many horrid symptoms besides Death, it usually bringeth to such as use it; For it is of that venomous quality, that even, by the very touch, it exulcerateth the skin, making it to burn, and blister an hundred times more than any nettles can. Besides, it being taken inwardly, inflames the whole Body, overthrows the constitution and temperature of the Liver, excites intolerable pains in the stomach, extreme thirst, vomiting and scouring, it seizeth violently on the heart, causeth oftentimes Convulsions, and sudden Death. Antidoti, loco exhibeatur Bolus▪ Armenus, Terra sigillata, Corallia rubra, Cornu Cervi praeparatum, Theriaca cum vino, vel Aqua Cardui benedicti, utile est et gummi Arabic. ac Tragacanth.   

SECTION VII. Ophiusa and its Antidotes; And Rew.  
OPhiusa, An Herb growing in Aethiopia, is no less pernicious; Causing, in such as eat it, intolerable pains; It seizeth chief on the Head, Heart, and Spirits, making the parts rage, rove, and as Julius Alexandrinus Lib. 3. Cap. 5. observes, run Frantic, stark mad, and so Dye. Antidoti loco exhibeatur Theriaca vel Mithridatumʒij. pondere, Item Bolus Armenus, Terra sigillata, Corallia Rubra, Lapis Bezoard. & similia.  
To this Divis. of Herbs, we may add Rew, for its Caustick Faculty; it being so sharp and corroding, that the skin is easily exulcerated thereby; As appears by that Gardener recorded by Camerarius, Lib. De Horto, 
Of Rew and its Antidotes  who by plucking up of great store of this Herb, for certain days together, his Hands and Forehead were thereby extremely blistered and Erysipelated. Levinus Lemnius also, De occult. Nat. Miracul. Lib. 4. Cap. 12. Tells us of one that had his upper Lipp and Nostrils most exceedingly exulcerated and blistered, but with smelling to a glass in which was Rew steeped in Vinegar. How strange soever it may seem, no question, the fume and Aër of Poison is very noxious, and may prove, sometimes, mortal. Diodorus Siculus, Lib. 2. Informs us of a certain Herb growing in Arabia Felix, which casts, such as sleep upon it, into a most sweet sleep, and so at length makes them sleep their Last. And the same Lemnius in his Herbal to the Bible, evinceth this truth also, where he shows that by the very smell of a Mandrake Apple, which he had set upon a shelf in his study, he was so propensed to sleep, that he could not hold open his Eyes; which so sooon as he had removed into another room, he became cheerful and lively again. Besides common experience evinceth us that the burning of Girny ●epper in a room, will set all therein a Coughing; and Henbane-seed, being burnt in any Heu-house, will cast all the Poultry into a dead and stupid sleep.    

DIVISION iv Of Poisons belonging to Flowers.  

SECTION I. Flos Colchii and its Antidotes.  
FOurthly Flowers are in number 3. chief 1. Flos Colchi, and not only the Flower, but also the Herb itself is most Deadly Poison; It is a sort of Ephemerum growing in Armenia, and so, from the name of the place, is called Colchicum. If it be taken inwardly, it Corrodes and exulcerateth the stomach, Bowels, and all it touches, causing the Bloodyflux, and there with expels the very entrails themselves, in rags, and an extraordinary itching over all the Body, nay and Death itself, as appears by that story recorded by Joann. Agricola Ammonius, Rei Herbariae, Lib. 2. Who tells us of two Boys playing together in the fields, by eating these Flowers, Died most miserably. In Curatione, Dioscorides valde commendat bubulum vel Asininum Lac, largius sumptum. Item Laudantur emulsiones ex sem. 4. frigid. major. Et Amygdal. Dulc. Cum aqua Tormentilli, Plantaginis, Bursae Pastoris, vel, pro Alexipharmacis, Commendantur, serpillum, origanum; myrti semen et folia; Rad. Polygoni Rubifolia; Folia & glans fagi ac quercus, quae in Lacte coqui possunt.   

SECTION II. Flos Africanus and its Antidotes.  
FLos Africanus, is likewise as pernicious If Dodonaeus may be credited, who in part. 2. lib. 3. Cap. 12. affirms as much, being of an unsavoury smell, dulling the head, brain and senses like unto Hemlock, etc. Nay and experience (says he) evinceth instanceing in a Cat, to which he having given some of these Flowers with Cheese, was there by presently inflamed in an exceeding manner, and so Died immediately: And Mice (he saith) that have eaten the seeds thereof, have been found dead afterwards; Nay, and he farther attests, he saw a boy, being about to eat the Flowees, that had his Lips and Mouth most exceedingly inflamed. The Cure is the same with Hemlock.   

SECTION III. Crocus, and its Antidotes.  
CRocus also, if taken inordinately, and inconsiderately, is poisonous; Although otherwise, viz. given with discretion, and taken in moderation, is a very good Cordial, and exceedingly exhilarateth the Spirits, as Dioscorides, Dodonaeus, Mathiolus, and our Hearbalists, unanimously affirm: Nay Lucitanus, Confirms it byan example, ad Cap. 25. Lib. 1. Dioscorid. Of one who putting a little too much of these Flowers into broth (in regard they were Cordial) and eating of them, fell into such a violent passion or fit of Laughter, that one would have thought he would have thereby instantly died, it causes likewise, most excessive pains in the head, nay, it hath been known that some who have slept upon them, have the next day been found Dead. The Cure is the same with Henbane.    

DIVISION V Of Poisons belonging to Trees.  

SECTION I. Of the Wallnut-Tree, and its Antidotes, Tammerine-Tree, Juniper, and Baxama, etc.  
OF Trees that are venomous, Authors have variously written; Yet chief they are reducible to these Three. 1. Juglans' Arbour, the Wallnut-Tree, whose very shadow is of a poisonous influence or faculty, As Graevinus ●i. 2. De venenis et De Taxo, observes Cap. 22. Affirming it from his own Experience; For, not believing what Authors had reported of this matter, he says, that once, in the midst of Summer, he adventured to sleep under this Tree, but when he awaked, he attests himself to be most grievously affected with the Headache, and his whole body refrigerated, which, continued for six Days after. Nay Sennertus thinks it Causeth the Vertigo, Epilepsy, and Apoplexy also; And that it is the occasion of troublesome Dreams, and other evils, may be Collected from that of Marcellus Donatus, recorded also by the aforesaid Sennertus, of a Woman who sleeping under this Tree about noonday, Dreamt she was sighting with the Devil, or that the Devil was beating of her, who thereby was so terrified and amazed, that, being awaked and returned home to her own house, fell into a Burning Fever, whereby all her hair came off, etc. which fancy in sleep, although it might have happened as well in her own house, as I have Dreamt the same in my bed; Yet no question the very shadow of that Tree is very noxious to the Body, Spirits, Heart, and Brain, as all Authors generally agree. Neither is it to be accounted so strange since we find many others recorded by the Learned that assert in the same nature. As the Tammeride, which, as Christophorus A Costa. Arom. Lib. Cap. De Tamarind. 
Of the Tammeride-Tree, Juniper. and Baxana, with their Antidotes.  maketh mention, is know by experience, to be no less dangerous. And Thevetus Lib. Sing. Cap. 61. Reports of the Tree called Baxana, that whosoever shall stay under it but the space of a quarter of an hour, shall be in danger of suffocation: Many of the same virtue, he says, are growing in Peru and the Caribe. Islands in India. To which may be added the Juniper-Tree, according to those in Virgil Aeclog. 10. v. Penult. Recited by Lucretius Lib. 6. As Schenkius quotes Lib. 7. De Venenis.  
Arboribus primum certis, gravis umbra tributa  
Vsque adeo Capitis faciant ut saepe dolores:  
Si quis cas subter jacuit, prostratus in herbis.  
Symptomata veròista tolluntur lotione Capitis cum lixivio in quo Betonica, Hysopus, Majorana, Lavendula, Pulegium, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Spica, vel Staecas Cocta fuerint. vel irroretur Cap●t Aqua Rorismarini, Majoranae, Sal●●iae, Lavendulae. Exhibeantur vero species Diambrae (ut docet Sennertus et Alii) Diamosci Dulcis, Aromatici Caryophylati, Dianthos, Trochisci Galliae Maschatae, vel ex Herbis Cephalicis supra dictis paretur decoctum●et addito melle Anthosato agro exhibeatur. Vtiles etiam sunt Aquae Cephalicae, Epilepticae, Apoplecticae. Potus sit vinum generosum, etc.   

SECTION II. Of the Yew-Tree and its Antidotes.  
TAxus Arbour, the Yew-Tree, which although it be, as Petrus Pena notes, (in Adversariis ●ag. 450.) inoffensive, growing in England; Yet in other parts, the Wood, Juice, Berries, and shadow likewise, is Poisonous. As in Spain, according to Pliny Lib. 16. Nat. Hist. Cap. 10. The Wood and Berries are mortal, especially of the Male Yew; So that it hath been known the Wine that hath been kept in such pipes and vessels as hath been made of that wood, hath killed those who drank thereof. And in Arabia (he says) it is so pernicious, that it killsthem who do sleepo, or eat their meat under it. Its Cures are the same with the Walnut, Juniper, and the rest.   

SECTION III. Of the Box-Tree, and its Antidotes, with the Rose-bays, etc.  
BVxus Arbor, the Box-Tree, is put by Levinus Lemnius, in his Herbal to the Bible also, as a poisonous Tree causing Death itself, Fevers, and many other symptoms, Instancing in one who was destroyed drinking the ashes thereof, out of a supper stitious humour. To which, I may, for a Conclusion, add, that Indian Tree called Nerium & Oliander, which being likewise taken inwardly, prove destructive, As Litbantius Com. De venenis affirms. Yet Dioscorides allows of the leaves and Hours taken in wine to be an excellent remedy against the stinging of an Adder, or Serpent, But acknowledgeth it is poison to Dogs, Asses, Mules, etc. Galen, notwithstanding, Lib. 8. simple. Affirms positively it is both to Man and Beast, mortal, taken inward ●y. And with him the most rational agree. 〈◊〉 Cures are the same with the former.    

DIVISION VI Of Poisons belonging 〈◊〉 ●●ui●●.  

SECTION I. Of the Man-Drake-Apple, an ●i●s Antidotes.  
IN the sixth place, Fruits are to be Considered; And 1. That of the Mandrak., for its Apples are by the Learned generally concluded poisonous, Dioscorides, Galen, Mathiolus, Avicenna, Rhasis, Lemnius, Sennertus, new and old writers, all agree therein; Causing, in such as have taken it, extreme heat and drought in both Mouth, Tongue, Jaws, etc. As you have heard before, where I spoke of the Root, Causing Frenzies, Dotage, Madness, nay and Death itself, stupefying the brains and senses, and exciting sleep even by the smell thereof, as Lemnius records (in his Herbal of the Bible) of himself, who, having laid one of these apples on a shelf in his study, was made so dull, heavy, and sleepy thereby, that he could hardly open his Eyes, but removing of it into another room, did therewithal likewise remove his Drowsiness (as I noted before where I spoke of Rew) Rhasis, Lib 24. Cap. 835. Contine●tis. Hath a Story of one who by eating of five of these Apples fell into a Syncope. The Cure is the same with the Root●s.   

SECTION II. Nux Vomica, and its Antidotes, with Pruna Insania, Nux Metalla, etc.  
NVx Vomica, the Vomiting Nut, so called, because it is thought to be very effectual to provoke vomiting; Mathiolus, and others are of the contrary part, affirming it not to cause vomit at all, notwithstanding the name; with whom our Parkinson, Theat. Botan. Agrees, Trihe 17. Cap. 44. But Sennertus proves it is a strong vomit, Pract. Med Lib. 6. Part. 7. Cap. 20. out of Renodaeus, Antidotor. Lib. 3. Sect. 1. Cap. 10. So likewise some account it no Poison mixing it with medecines, as may be seen in the Pharmacopea made by the Augnstin Physicians, and those in Noriaberge in their Electuary De ●vo; But our College at London, are of another mind, or were; And therefore did not without Cause strike it out of the former Ancient Dispensatory, it being very hurtful, nay and poisonous. It is by all confessed very venomous to Dogs, Cats, and Birds, as Sennortus affirms from his own experience, and others. Serapio, on the other side will have no venomous quality in it; But Mathiolus again says there is, Confirming it by an example, of an old woman that was destroyed by eating of some which was intended to kill certain Dogs, which by their continual barking, disturbed them from their sleep and rest. Com. ad Cap. 73. Lib. 4. Dioscorid. (Yet the Turks do usually eat of it without any the least prejudice; And the Germans frequently use it in Antidotes, and the Electuary De Ovo, and that with good success, As Gregorius Melichius Stoli. ad Elect. de Aromat. Galeni, Antidotarii sui annotat.) Tabernamontanus, Lib. 3. Cap. 14. affirms ℥ ij, weight of it, is poison, and will kill any one; but, a Drachm will only intoxicate a man's brains so as that he will seem to be inebriated; with whom also, Sennertus agrees, Affirming, that if it be taken inwardly, it causeth presently a loathing, and much vomiting, extraordinary thirst, a violent flux of the belly, straightness of the breast, an universal weakness over the whole body, a cold sweat, Convulsions, and at length with out speedy help be administered, Death itself. Antidoti loco exhibeantur Zedoar. ʒij. pondere cum vino, Cortices Citri vel succus ejus, Rob. Myrti, vel Cydoniorum. Hereunto I may well add Nux Metella, or Methel, and Pruna Insania; 
Of Pruna Insania, Nux Metella, and its Autidores.  In regard of their dangerous quality, and affinity one with another, they being all Nuts; Methel or Metel then, I shall first speak of, which Serapio, with some others, have confounded with Nux vomica, indifferently taking one for the other, and mistaking both, as I think; Some likewise will have it be the Stramonium minus, or Datura; It will not be worth my time and pains to reconcile the Dissensions of Authors on this matter; the most rational agree that our Vomica in Apothecary's shops at this day to be sold●, is not the Nux Vomica of the Ancients, (for that is of that property, that one Drachm, will cause vomiting) but rather Methel. However Methel is also poisonous, as our approvedest Writers agree, Casting such as take it, into a most profound sleep, hardly to be awakened, making their Tongue and Lips to swell, their Na●les to grow blue, the whole body pale, and to fall into a cold sweat, and Death itself without speedy help. In Curatione exhibeantur decoctum Absynthij, Origani, Rutae Sylvestris, Radic. Gentianae, Helenii, cum vi●o paratum, vel Castoreum, Pyrethrum, Baccae Lauri, Cinamomum, Theriaca, Species Diagalangae, Diazinziberis: Cibi loco utatur aeger Butyro recenti, Carnibus & jusculis pinguibus, Potus sit vel vinum meracum, vel Lac Dulce Copiosum. Pruna Insania, the mad Indian Plums or Nuts, etc. Are altogether as dangerous some think; But I rather conceive this much more temperate, yet they make such as eat them, extraordinary sleepy, 'Cause Laskes, seize on the Heart, spirits and Brain, exciting divers strange fancies and Chimeras in their heads; As appears from that relation of Clusius, Lib. 2. Epotick Pag. 53. et 54. Touching some Dutch men that happened to eat some of them after they were steeped in liquor and boiled; where he tells us one cried perpetually, take away the woman, thinking his Cabin was a Brew house; Another continually made inquiry, who would buy his Fish, imagining himself to be plentuously stored with them. One thought that the Devil was catching of Fish at the stern of the ship; Another, that they were building a ship in his Cabin; A third, that several men were come to take away his Cabin from him, whereupon bestirring himself broke several China Dishes; Here lies one Howling and Crying, his flesh was torn from his bones; An other sees the Heaven's open, and exclaims, Lord I will, willingly, follow thee. The Master's Boy thinks he sees many little men dancing upon his Father's nose; And one of the Sailors will not be persuaded but that through the bulk of the ship, he saw the Anchors of the Sea, and the like; Yet, He says, after they had slept, all these Fancies vanished. Its Antidotes are the same with Mandrakes.   

SECTION III. Of Colocynthis, and its Antidotes.  
COlocynthis, The Coloquintida Apple, Taken by itself or in any other Compound Medicine in too great a quantity is no less mortal than any of the former, destroying the Conslitution of the stomach, excoriating the bowels and entrails, causing Bloody-sluxes, and many other direful symptoms, nay, and Death itself; For Dodonaeus in suis observationibus, as Camerarius in Horto records, telleth us of one who by receiving a Drachm hereof with other ingredients, but in a Clyster, had his entrails thereby excoriated even to death, causing much blood, some few hours after he was dead to issue out at the fundament. The Cure is the same with Hellebor. Vtilis est etiam, si aegro exhibeatur Decoct. War. Passar. cum Oleo Amygdalorum Dulcium.   

SECTION IV: Of Nightshade, and its Antidotes.  
SOlani Fructus, The Fruits or Berries of Nightshade; Nightshade is very dangerous of what sor● soever it be, taken either in the Root, Herb, or Fruit; All the kinds excite and provoke to sleep; The Ordinary and Common Nightshade is less pernicious: And those which are called Hortensis, and Belladonna, are the most poisonous and mortal, especially their Fruits; Causing terrible Dreams, strange Fancies, Alienation of the Mind, deep sleep, etc. As appears by that of Joannes Moibanus in symphon. ad Cap. 11. Lib. 1. Parabilium, Dioscorid. And Mercurialis De Venenis, Lib. 1. Cap. 13. Says he saw some boys who were killed by eating those Apples of that sort called Belladonna. Likewise the Berries of ordinary Nightshade are reputed no less destructive ●or Tragus, Hist. Stirp. Lib. 3. Cap. 24. From the testimony of Georg. Olinger. Novimburgers. Aslures us they were the death of two Boys that out of wantonness eat them as they were playing in the Fields. Yet of the two, Belladonna is by the most rational accounted, the most mortal and violent; As is apparent from the Writings of the said Tragus Cap. 15. Leonhart. Fuchsius, Hi Stirp. Cap. 265. Joannes Wierus De Praestigits Daemonum, Lib. 3. Cap. 17. Joannes Baptista Porta De Madge a Natural. Lib. 14. Cap. 13, etc. In Curatione laudantur Aqua Mulsa, Lac Caprinum aut Asininum, Dul●e vinum, quod t●pi●●m cum aniso bibatur: Amygdalae amarae, gallinacea pectora Dec●cta; quin etiam Conchylia omnia, tam cruda quam cocta, edere salutare est. Conveniunt & l●c●s●ae ma●inae, gammari et pota corundem ●usc●l●▪ Item exhibean●ur Bolus Arm●●●s, Ter●● sigillata, Ruta, Theriaca ●t Mit●rtdati●●, ●t reliqua, quae H●lleb●ro ●lbo s●●p●e milia sunt.   

SECTION V Mangas, and its Antidotes.  
MAngas, The Italian honey plum, about the bigness of a quince, full of a milky kind of Juice, etc. As Christophorus à Costa, Lib. Aro. p. 70. describes it. Affirming, withal, that it is a most pernicious and piercing poison, So that the least quantity thereof being eaten, will immediately kill; concluding, Adeo celeriter perimit, ut hactenus nullum sit repertum Antidotum ad ejus vim compescendam. It's of that penetrative nature, that, as yet, no Antidote is known to be sufficient to suppress or resist its power and force.    

DIVISION VII. Of Poisons belonging to Juices.  

SECTION I. Of Opium and its Antidotes.  
LAstly, Juices are especially five that are poisonous; As, Opium, the Juice of Poppys, a most dangerous Poison, as all Authors unanimously agree. Pliny Nat. Hist. Lib. 20. Cap. 8. Tells us of one that was presently killed with drinking some of it. And Jacobus Justinianus affected with the Toothache, by dropping some Oil in which was Opium thereinto, slept to death; as Alexander Benedictus Lib. 6. Cap. 13. De Curand. Morb. Records. Nay, it is of that force and poisonous Nature, that even in Clysters and suppositories it is mortal: as appears by him in Nichol. Ser. 2. C. 11. Who taking a suppository against the Tenesinus was thereby destroyed. A Lady, in Mar. Gattinaria, Cap. De Soda Colerica in 9 Rhasis. Having not slept many days together et Medici decreverunt in sibi supponeretur collyrium quoddam longum Opiatum quod cum silo communi appenso, ut extrahi possit, which caused her presently to sleep, but the Maids neglecting to draw it away as the Physicians had given order to do when she was ●allen asleep, slept her last, never waking more. And the same Nichola● Serm ●. Tracked 1. Cap. 15 ●●te●●s himselt to have seen an ancient man, to whom a Clyster being a●n in●stred with Opium against that excessive pa●● e of the Colic, died. And if it be not taken in that quantity as to kill, yet it causeth many horrible, and direful symptoms; As the Vertigo, Sopor, Coma, a retching and weariness to any thing but sleep, refrigerating the body, and so seizing on the Heart, Spirits, and Lungs, that respiration is but small and remiss, the whole body enfeebled, and the very blood in the Heart Coagulated; Nay, and if it be taken in the least manner in excess, without speedy help be administered, it immediately kills. [As Fallopius, Tractat. de Composit medicament. Cap. 8. Instances by example. And yet Sextus Empericus, 1. Hypotheseon Empericarum, tells us of one that eat 4. Drachms of Opium without any hurt. Nay, Gartzeus ab Horto, Lib. 1. Aromat. Indiae Cap. 4. Says he knew one that would familiarly eat ten Drachmas.] Op●● Antidota sunt in primus Asa, et Castoreum, quae nonnulli Bezoar et Theriacam Opii nominant. Vtilia etiam sunt R●●ta et Origanum, et quid●m A●aʒj. vel Castoreumʒj. vel ij. pondere cum vino generoso propinatur.   

SECTION II. Euphorbium, and its Antidotes.  
EVphorbium, or that which our Herbalists call the Burning Thorny Plant, either in the Juice, Gumm, or otherwise taken into the Body, irregularly, or in too great a quantity, causeth an extraordinary heat in the Tongue, Mouth, Jaws, Stomach, and bowels, exciting intolerable pains by corroding and gnawing those parts: it provoketh Vomit, nauseousness and Hiccop; inflameth the whole body, with inextinguishable thirst; bringeth cold sweats, sounding fits, grievous Dysenteries, and at length Death itself; As him in Alex. Benedictus recorded by Schenkius, De venenis, Lib. 7. Fol. 984. Troubled with the Gout, and taking pills from an Empiric, made of Euphor●ium, was immediately seized on by the Dysentery, and several other direful symptoms, and so died that very day. Proprium Euphorbij Antidotum est s●men Citri ex vino, in quo radices h●lenit Coctae sint. Vtilia etiam sunt Terra sigillata, Smaragdus, Crystallus Praeparatus, Spec. Liberantis, Theriaca, etc.   

SECTION III. Scammony and its Antidotes.  
SCammonium, a kind of Convalvulus, or Bendeweed; It is oftentimes used in Physic, especially in Pills, both by Ancient & Modern Physicians; But yet as the former, if not warily used and rightly applied, causeth exceeding much Mischief to ensue; As, it destroyeth the Stomach, gnaws and corrodes the entrails, causing Dysenteries and expulsion of blood, and sometimes of the bowels themselves in rags; Brings also faintings and sownding, inflaming the Heart and spirits, so that the whole Body is as it were set on fire, and at length destroyed, as Amatus Lucitanus, Comment. ad Cap. 171. Lib. 4. Dioscorid. attests to have often seen at Venice and Ferraria, several that by taking of it in pills, and other ways in to great a quantity, have changed, thereby, this life for eternity. [Yet Fallopius de simple. Purg. Capit. quadragesimo octavo, says he saw one that took at once an ounce of Scammony, and yet gave him not so much as one stool.] In Curatione Diascoridii, quod est suce. Scammonii. Laudantur omnia quae Fuphorbio sumpto utilia sunt.   

SECTION iv Of the Indian Hiucca, and its Antidotes.  
HIuccae succu●, The Juice of the Indian Herb Hiucca, of the Root of which the Indians make their bread Casaver, is likewise Poison, as Cardan, Scaliger, and other of the Learned, note; as also common experience evinceth; as divers have affirmed unto me who have beme in those parts where it is frequent to make such bread; and yet the Juice thereof is rank, piercing, and deadly Poison: So that, as the aforenamed Cardan, Lib. 12. De subtilitate contends, there is hardly any remedy sufficient to resist the power thereof. The reason is rendered by Julius Caesar Scaliger, Exercitat. 153. sect. 5. ●t 8. ad subtle. Cardani. Because the Juice being a thin body, or of rare parts, soon penetrateth all the parts of the Body; as also of a peculiar offensive and destructive faculty or property, naturally Inherent in the Juice itself. (Yet it is reported that the Juice of this Root not growing in Islands, but in the Continent is inoffensive. And where it is deemed poisonous, the Inhabitants make a kind of small drink of it, by boiling it only till half be consumed. It serveth them likewise for Honey, being boiled thick; and for Vinager being set in the Sun without such boiling.) Illustrating the former reason by an example, Instancing in Leeks, that the Juice thereof is very offensive. (But Mizaldus in Horto, Affirms the Juice also to be mortal, and to have killed several who have attempted to take it into their Bodies▪) When as the Roots or Blades themselves eaten are less offensive or not at all in that nature. The same may be added of the Juice of Lettuce, two ounces whereof being reputed no better than poison, and of a deadly quality; When, as much Lettuce as will yield two ounces of Juice, may be eaten without any offence: and all because of the thinness of the parts, which soon diffuse themselves into the Veins, etc. And extinguish natural heat, nay, and Life itself. The Cure is (you have heard) seldom or never wrought, so deadly and poisonous is it.   

SECTION V Of Toxicum and its Antidotes, Mel Venenatum, Mushrooms.  
5. ANd Lastly, Toxicum; a most violent and wicked Poison, so destructive and pernicious, that all Poisons have generally been denominated Toxica, and comprehended under that name. But what this Toxicum is, or formerly was, is not plainly discovered by any Author that I have yet rancountred; Dioscorides, Lib. 6. Cap. 20. Says it was a medicine in which the Indians, Savages, and people of old were wont to dip the heads of their arrows in the time of war, to make the wound incurable, and mortal. Sunt enim Graecis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, sagittae; Atque hinc Toxicum dictum venenum, quo tela illinuntur. To the same use likewise in Cap. 19 he names Pharicum to be also in request; so called, as some think, either because good store of it was wont to be brought to Pharis a City in Arcadia so called; or from the Witch that first invented it; But what these poisons were, he doth not acquaint us, neither do any since for him, more than that they were the Juices of some Herb or Herbs; But whether Simple or Compound is not concluded among them; neither of what Herb or Herbs, they were prepared Some think it may be made of Napellus, or Woolfbane; others of Aconitum; a third of White Hellebor: Pliny Lib. 16. Nat. Hist. Cap. 10. will have it the Juice of the Tree called Taxus or Yew, and that thence therefore it had its name: But whether it be any of these, or the tree Ga●acum or those other bearing fruit, (as Thevetus records Cap. 61. Lib. Sing. Idem T. 1. Cosm. Lib. 10. Cap. 3. in the Indies) about the bigness of a tennis-ball, the Juice of which they affirm the Indians to dip their Darts in, or some other. I shall not adventure to presume to determine, where so many Learned Men have been obscure, or at least, not clear. It is so deadly and piercing a Poison, that it is immedicable; killing even with the very touch; Wherefore I willingly omit what others have affirmed in that particular.  
To these Juices, I may well add (besides Leeks, and Lettuce before named) the Juice of Mandrake, and of Hemlock; Half a Drachm of the former being enough to kill any one; And the latter being reputed the death of 
* Plato in Phaedon.  SOCRATES that famous Pilosopher. Their Cure is the same with the Root, any Herb before treated of.  
There may, likewise, hereunto, also, be annexed, Mel Venenatum, Poisoned Hony; for so it often happens to be: as appears by that of Galen, Lib. 10. De simplic. medicament. facultat. circa initium, according as Schenkins and Sennertus quote, as also that of Pliny, Lib. 21. Cap. 14. Nat. Hist. being gathered by the Bees, 
Of Poisoned Honey, and its Antidotes.  from poisonous Flowers, etc. And Rhodiginus Cap. 35.25. Tells us of Hony coming out of Box in Pontus, that makes such as eat it stark mad. Others again he records, Cap. 30.18. that immediately kills being poisoned by the place in which it was made. As soon as ever it is eaten any manner of way, or drank in liquor, it is in the Mouth, and to the Tongue and Palate very sweet and pleasant; But immediately after, disturbs the Head, causing it to be dull, Vertiginous, and filled with Chimeras, as also Deliriums, tremble abundantly; hinders respiration, making grievous pains in the sides, & Breasts, as also gnawings in the Intestines, and abundance of Wind; an universal trembling over the whole Body; and if speedy remedy be not administered, Death itself seizeth on them. Its Cures are the same with Aconitum, before mentioned.  
Lastly to conclude this Class, touching Poisons belonging to Vegetables, I may add that meanest and most unworthy of all vegetables, Mushrooms, which although some are ventured on as food by Fanatic brains; Yet others are poisonous, and all pernicious; Nay, and none of them sit for food; Whence Seneca did well term them a voluptuous Poison. 
Of Mushrooms, and their Antidotes.  Pliny Ancipitem Ci●um Lib. 22. Cap. 23. Nat. Hist. Destroying whole Families at a repast; Claudius Caesar, as Suetonius records, was destroyed by them; And Cardan Lib. 3. De Sanitat. Tuend. Cap. 47. Reckons up I know not how many more that lost their lives by this fantastical food. Those are the worst, and most poisonous, which, as Avicenna notes, are grayish or of a bluish colour, which some think are not only mortal being eaten, but destructive also to such as do but smell unto them. And the reason is, either 1. Because they are naturally nothing else but a bundle of cold, moist, and viscous vapours and matter of the Earth or Trees on which they grow: Or 2. In that they are very apt to attract, and suck in all manner of poison from Toads, Spiders, and other noxious Creatures that do, or may converse about them; Whence, such as eat them, (or such as are naught, or those that are good, in too great a quatity) are as it were suffocated, strangled or choked, having their natural heat extinguished, filling their bellies with wind, causing the Hiccop, exulcerating the entrails and Bowels, and bringing an universal paleness over the whole Body; and sometimes causeth madness; an example of one thus affected Petrus Forestus hath Lib. 10. Observat. Med. Observat. 116. in Scholio, of a Woman so affected by eating this trash only. Likewise in the same place he tells us of a young Gentlewoman about Eighteen years of age, quae in Convulsione qb ●utero ex fungis Comestis incidebat; Lying so Convulst, staring in a most horrible manner, Continuing thus in her fit for six Days together, etc. It brings, likewise Sounding ●its, Cold Sweats, falling-sickness, and deep sleep, Nay, and Death itself, as you have heard; The which every Physician Confirms. Malignitati verò hujus veneni resistunt Calamintha Montana, Origanum, Hysopus, Ruta, Nasturtium, Absynthium, Allium, Aristoloch. Laudantur et Theriaca, vel Mithridatium cum Oxymelite simplici vel scillitico exhibitum; ut et species Diatrion Piperion, Diacalaminthae, Diamosci, Diacymini, Diagalanga ʒj. pondere cum vino generoso Tribus Diebus Continuis exhibitae, etc. And thus much, briefly, shall suffice to be spoken Of Poisons belonging to Vegetables.     

OF POISONS belonging to ANIMALS. CLASS III.  
THus having spoken of Poisons belonging to Minerals, as also to Vegetables, It resteth, according, to my promise, I speak also to Animals, which may be divided into these several ranks; As being either 1. Of Beasts; Or 2. Of Flying Creatures; Or 3. Of Serpents; Or 4. Of Fishes; Or 5. Of Creeping things. Of all which, there are divers sorts: As 1. Of BEASTS; 1. Dogs; 2. Cats; 3. Woolses; 4. Must Araneus; 5. Taurus; 6. Vacca. 2. Of FLYING CREATURES: 1. Cantharideses; 2. Apis; 3. Vespus. 3. Of SERPENTS: 1. Draco; 2. Crocodile; 3. Scorpio; 4. Baziliseus; 5. Salamandra; 6. Vipera; 7. Dryinus; 8. Stellio; 9 Aspis; 10. Natrix; 11. Haemorrhous; 12. Sepedon; 13. Cerastes; 14. Dipsas; 15. Amphysbaenas & Sytate; 16. Cenchris; 17. & Lacerta. 4. Of FISHES: 1. Torpedo; 2. Draco Marinus; 3. Pastinaca Marina; 4. Canis Marinus; 5. Lepus Marinus; 6. Scorpio Marinus; & 7. Muraena. 5. Of CREEPING THINGS, or INFECTS: 1. Scolopendra; 2. Hirudo; 3. Rubeta; 4. Aranenus; 5. Pini Erucae. Of all which in order one word as I have done of other Poisons, and so Conclude.  

DIVISION I. Of Poisons belonging to Four-Footed-Beasts.  

SECTION I. Of the biting of Mad-Doggs, and the Antidotes  
AND First of such poisons as Four-Footed-Beasts yield unto us; Among which, Dogs offer themselves in the first place, to our Consideration. Which Creatures, in regard they are more subject to madness oftentimes then others, and a raving kind of distemper, and foaming at the mouth; Do, by biting, or their venomous foam, convey the same raging fury, to Man or Beast which they wound; As also several other ways, as you may see beneath. Of this Creature, therefore, I say, we shall chief insist: as touching the madness of Horses, Asses, Mules, Bears, Foxes, and the rest, which are not so subject to madness, or so frequently raging, or, perhaps, never, unless it be unto them conveyed by the bite, foam, or other manner, from these Dogs, or Wolveses, I shall refer thee to Bauchinus, who hath written an whole Tract of them. [With him you may also consult Avicennas 6. quarti, Tract. 4. Cap. 5. & 6. Aurelianus likewise, Lib. 3. Acutor. Cap. 9 Aristoteles De Hist. Animalium Lib. 18. Cap. 22. et 24.] For farther satisfaction, have recourse to the writings of the Learned; But more particularly, read Dioscorides, Hournicus, Capivaccius, Hieldishem, Forestus, Schenkius, Sennertus, &c But especially he that is, Instar omnium Codronchus, who hath largely, and fully discussed this subject matter, in Two Treatises.  
How Dogs become mad, is a question not fully discussed by our Physicians and Philosophers. Some render this reason; Because they are of a melancholy temper and nature: But then other Creatures of the same disposition, as Hares, Coneys, Cats, and all kind of Venison, sheep, etc. would be likewise in the same manner affected. 
Why Dogs are mad, or more addicted thereunto then any other Creature.  Others will have it proceed ex qualitatibus primis; which likewise is invalid; for we see these primae qualitates work not the same effect in other Creatures. Others again, say they are subject and most prone to madness of all other Creatures in that they feed upon Carrion, and stinking corrupt matter, and drink faetide and putrified water, which corrupting their blood & spirits procures madness: But to this neither, can I consent, in that, other Creatures that feed as foully and more frequently, are less, nay seldom, or never thus affected, as Swine, Ducks, Hens, etc. Which will eat any, or all manner of filth without the least inconveniency; Besides, many times we see Dogs run mad that never eat a bit of Carrion in all their lives, but choicely fed from their Master's Table. Of, ourth sort, say it is through vexation or trouble in finding their Master when lost, and smelling to every filthy &  thing; But this argues as little as the rest, in that if he cannot find his Master quickly, he soon returns home, so that the vexation will not be so violent as to make him mad, in regard it cannot be imagined the Dog should aggravate his misery and discontent to heighten any such humour, by conceiving he shall lose his labour when he comes home, and that then the other people in the house will injure him, famish, hang, or some other way destroy him, and the like; which might make him mad, if this reasoning or fancy might be admitted in the Dog I say: But on the contrary we see that as soon as he comes home, he rests contented till he by chance again rencounters his owner, seeking no farther after him. Neither doth his scenting at every offensive vapour argue he thereupon grows mad; for than it would be of that efficacy and force to divert his present intentions, and confound his sense so that he would be disenabled to follow his appetite: But we see by common experience, that, notwithstanding all these, he constantly pursues his game or his desires without the least disturbance from those vapours, retaining still the sent of what he seeks or pursues. Many, again, are of opinion, that sudden heats and colds may be the cause of this their frenzy, they being Creatures much subject thereunto, whereby their blood is inflamed, melancholy increased, and madness itself excited: But this, likewise, is of as little force as all the rest, since we are, by common eperience, evinced that Dogs are as mad in winter as in summer; in cold weather as in the Dog-days. So that among these various opinions, what to determine, is no easy matter; The Controversy I shall not presume to decide; only thus much, I hope, I may without offence deliver; that they are more addicted and propences unto this Delirium, than other Creatures; out of a peculiar inherent or innate property in themselves; which, in plain English, is as much as to say, I am ignorant of the cause. Neither am I ashamed to confess it, since, I find the most approvedst Authors, herein, to seek, or obscure; but wish hearty other men may have a more clear understanding in this matter then myself.  
But however they become thus; yet this is most certain, that they emit such a Poison, when they are thus mad, which destroys both Man and Beast, by a secret, not manifest property. And that several ways; As, 1. By biting; Thus Baldus the Lawyer was destroyed by a small by't of a little Dog which he kept and played with, 
How the Poison of a Mad Dog is communicated to Man or Beast.  gave him in the Lip, as Ambrose Paraeus De venenis, Lib. 21. Cap. 14. Records; Every Author affirms their bite to be most dangerous, and that they thereby most frequently destroy both Man and Beast. [Yet Nicholus affirms Sermon 4. Tract. 4. Cap. 15. That he saw a Man who being bitten with a Mad Dog, became mad; and another that the same Dog bit, had no more hurt than if he had been bitten by another Dog which ailed nothing, or had not been bit at all; wherefore there is more in it then the mere bite; Nay some conceive the venom is but in one or some certain teeth, and that all the rest are inoffensive as any Dog that is not mad.] 2. By scratching; And thus Caelius Aurelianus Lib. 3. Cap. 9 Acut. morb. reports of a Woman who being lightly scratched in the face by a little Dog that was mad, became, not long after, distracted. 3. By the touch; for so Galen Lib. 6. De loc is affectis, teacheth that their very foam being touched, is sufficient to make a man mad, and breed that raging disease called Hydrophobia; which Mathiolus confirms, attesting he himself saw two thus affected without the least by't or hurt, but only having some of their slaver sprinkled, by chance, upon them; Com. ad Lib. 6. Dioscorid. Cap. 36. Likewise Mathaeus De Gradibus, Consil: 82. affirms Joannes Coqueranus to be thus infected with only putting his hand into the mouth of a Mad Dog, although he was not at all bit thereby. 4. By the smell of a Mad Dog it hath also been known some have been infected, as him in Aurelianus, loco citato, etc. 5. By sucking or biting that which they have bitten; As I have heard of a fellow who meeting a Mad Dog, not knowing he was so, came so near him that the Cur, in his transient Journey, bitten off a piece of his Cloak and let it fall, the which, the fellow (being somewhat saveing) took up, and had it sowed on again, but, as it was thought, bitten off the ragged threads before he sowed it to the other, whereby he was infected, and at the next full Moon, Dyed: But lest my relation may not be worthy the crediting, take the same from the aforenamed Caelius Aurelianus, loco Aligato, who tells us of such an other action, verbatim. 6. By eating such Creatures as are bitten by them; An Instance of much mischief in this kind may be seen in Fernelius Lib. 2. De Abditis rerum causis Cap. 14. Nay and 7. And Lastly, by their very looks, as Arateus Lib. 1. Cap. 7. De signis & causis morb. Acut. Instanceth in one who was thus affected by the ardent, venomous, and fierce aspect of a Mad Dog, earnestly looking him in the face, neither biting or touching him any manner of way.  
And this Poison doth sometimes manifest itself sooner, sometimes, again, later; for what reason we are as yet left in the dark; neither is the time exactly known, when the effects begin to manifest themselves; some say within a Week, others nine, or Fourteen days after; A third sort, say, about the seventeenth or twentieth; but most hold, 
Of the time when the efects appears.  about the thirtieth, or fortieth day after the bite. Nay and sometimes there is no sign of it till 4. Months after, as Galen holds; As also Codronchus, [Baldus the great Lawyer, as Paraeus notes, Lib. 21. De venenis, Cap. 14. Dyed four Months after he was bitten] some not till the 6. or 8. Month or a year, as others will, Albertus Magnus, De Hist Animal. Lib. 7. Cap. 2. Says he saw a man that was bitten with a Mad Dog in the Arm, and yet was well for seven years, after which, the place be 'gan to be inflamed, and so within two day died. And Fracastorius says five years; but Gnianerius, twelve years: Amatus Lucitanus gives instances of eight months; and of three years; But Petrus Salius of five, seven, and twelve years. [As also eighteen years; Nay and Alsaharavius attests he knew one that lived 40. years before he was apparently infected.] I shall not presume to correct so worthy, so learned, 
Whether that Poison which causeth this madness may be generated in Man's Body.  so able Physicians as these are which thus affirm; but I may acknowledge myself ignorant in the reason hereof without prejudicing any man, as also take that liberty as to think my pleasure, and not conclude with all I hear, especially since there are so many poisons that may accidentally interveane and be eaten unawares, that may cause Death, in such a manner as will be very difficult to determine whether was the Interficient doss: (And so, as some think, There be many posons which being taken, will kill at such, or such certain times after. Qua de re consul Galeotum De promiscua disciplina, Cap. 12. jobertum paradoxo 3. Lib. 27. Amatum Lucitanum, Cant. 2. Curate. 65. Julium Alexandrinum Annotat. Ad Galenum 680. Cardanum Lib. 2. Tract. 5. Contradict. 9 et de subtilitate Lib. 2. Mercurialem, De venenis Lib. 1. Cap. 21. Francisc. Valeriolam loc. Commun. Pag. 633. Vidum Vidium, Tom. 2. Pag. 13. And Baccium Lib. 1. De venenoruns prolegomenis, etc. But, as to this Tenet we spoke our opinion in Part. 1. Sect. 4.) Besides, the same Poison and venomous matter of which this madness ariseth, may be generated in the Bodies of Men and Women, without any infection from Dogs at all. To this purpose Marcellus Donatus, De Historia medica mirabili, Lib. 6. Cap. 1. De Hydrophobia mira affectio, gives us five several examples of such as were so affected and fallen into the disease called Hydrophobia without the least communication of the said venom from any Dog or thing: but purely from some innate seeds thereof inherent in themselves. Likewise the same aforequoted Petrus Salius, De affect. Partic. Cap. 19 Hath such an other instance. So hath Felix Paterus obser. Med. Lib. 1.  
Touching the nature and temperature of this Poison, many arguments are among the Learned; Some maintaining it to be Hot, others Cold, with Enstathius Rudins, Lib. 4. De Morbis occultis, Cap. 12. who labours by several arguments to maintain this Paradox. But the most Rational and Learned are of the contrary Judgement, affirming it to be Hot, and Dry of quality. As Fuchsius, Fernelius, Sennertus, etc. Hildesheim, Speciel. 2. Confirms it by several examples, in such as have been infectected by the bite of Mad Dogs, and dying mad, being opened, had no water, or blood scarce; or any other moisture left in them. And Capivaccius, Fract. med. Lib. 7. Cap. 12. Concludes it not only Hot, but Hot in the fourth Degree; which from his own experience in a certain Monk whose Body being defected (dying in this sort of madness from the bite of a Dog) He observed these three things clearly evincing the truth thereof; First that there was no moisture in the Pericardion (in the least) but all wasted and dried up by the fiery Poison; Secondly the Cells or Ventricles of the Heart were dry, and destitute of blood; Thirdly, That some part of the Pericardi● on was so dry, scorched, and burnt up, that it was fit to be pulverised. Besides, their inordinate Draught evinceth, putting the matter quite out of Doubt, and makes it evidently appear to be Hot. And yet, notwithstanding, they will rather choose to Die then Drink, out of a peculiar inherent property, or occult quality, which, as yet (to tell you the truth) is not known to Physicians and Philosophers even as they who are bitten with the spider Tarantula (as you will hear beneath) are in more ease, 
Of the nature of this Poison, and why such as are affected abhor water, and all other liquid things.  pleasant, merry, and Dance when they hear Music, nay, and are oftentimes cured thereby. And those who have eaten of the Sea Hare abhor all Fish: So, I say, doth they who are infected by the bite of a Mad Dog, (or otherways) from an occult quality in the Poison, naturally abhor all water; whence, by the Ancients, as Dodonaeus obs. medicinal Cap. 12. notes, it had its Denomination Hydrophobia; And that it is thus, Rhasis hath a notable story to this effect, Lib. 8. Ad Almansoar. Cap. 10. we had once a patiented in an Hospital affected with that Disease called Hydrophobia, by the biting of a Mad Dog, who whould usually bark in the night time; Calling often very earnestly for Drink, especially water, out of the extremity of his Drought; But when we gave him Water, he abominated and rejected it, saying, it was full of filth and pollution; And being demanded what filth he saw there; He replied, the entrails and garbage of Dogs and Cats, entreating he might have some other Water brought him: So, accordingly, other Water was fetched; But, as before, he continued in the same story, and began to be angry. Beseeching us earnestly that we would let him have some clear, good Water. So that, hence we may Collect, that this may likewise proceed from some Depravation of the Fancy the Brain being principally the part affected in this Disease, as all Physicians unanimously agree) And it being incident to all who are therewith infected, to have the representation of a Dog ever in their minds, and therefore shun Looking-glasses, Polite Bodies, and Water because they imagine they see a Dog in it, of which, examples are frequent in Authors. And not only of Water are they thus afraid, but of all other liquours and Drinks whatsoever, as the same Dodonaeus loco aligato, observes. So doth Vidus Vidius, Part. 2. Sect. 2. Cap. 6. Medicine. Illustrating the truth thereof by an example of a certain young man being bit by a Mad Dog, at first neglecting the wound, Did after four Month's time, begin to rave, abhorring all manner of Meat and Drink, and at length Died miserably through hunger and thirst. Of the same Judgement is Petrus Salius, and the aprovedest Authors; Hercules De Saxonia, Forestus, Sennertus, and every one.  
Thus, by what hath been said, you may Collect divers Signs of such as are bitten, or any other manner of way infected with this Poison; yet there are several other worth your noting, which I shall nominate, that so you may discover and know it the better; As, 
Signs of such as are bitten by a Mad Dog.  In regard in principally seizeth upon the Brain and Spirits, it makes them pensive, sad, solitary, desiring to be alone, refraining all Company, and the Light; Likewise they are very fearful of every thing, but especially of Dogs and liquid things. As him in Florentinus Sermon 4. Tract. 4. Cap. 15. who being bitten by a Mad Dog, and finding no pain extraordinary in the wound, neglected it and followed his business 35. days after; but on the 36. day, he began to stand and bark like a Dog at his wife, and being, by her reprehended, he fell a laughing; yet persisted to practise this foolery, several times that day, at night he was wholly deprived of his reason, and Died the 40. Day; Casting himself upon the ground many times (as the nature of that Disease is) to avoid Dogs, if possible, by running as it were into the earth: Such like instances, as also that they are prone to bark like Dogs, is frequent in the writings of the Learned; As that before quoted from Rhasis, Lib. 8. Cap. 10. Ad Almans. Another he hath in Lib. 20. Cap. 2. etc. That they are excessive thirsty, and yet will not drink, is apparent from that of Forestus observat. med. Lib. 10. observat. 25. of a Woman of Delfe that miserably perished thereby; And of the young man or youth in the same Town, recorded likewise by him in the same Observation, qui bibere not potuit. They are likewise froward, waspish, and testy, seldom answering to any thing in question; they grievously grate with their teeth, especially at the beginning of their Distemper, and fancy strange Chymeroes' in their Dreams: Their Fancy, Memory, Reason, nay all the senses and faculties of the Soul are generally Depraved and Disturbed; So that they often times; fall foul upon their dearest and best friends, biting, scratching, and beating them, raving and mad some times, like that Woman before mentioned in Forestus, that could not be scarce held down in her bed, biting at, and spitting upon the standers by, foaming at the mouth, etc. Yet they do not always rage, and become furious, as Petrus Salius, Lib. De affect. Partic. well observes in several, that he says did not rage at all to their dying Day. Sometimes also, as he likewise notes, Pag. 358. Loc. Citat. They are subject to a Fever, but this is rather to be attributed to the aptness and disposition of the Body and humours, than any peculiar property in the venom itself as he thinks, and Sennertus agrees. They are frequently troubled with cold sweats; And from the wound or by't, issues a green  matter. The Urine pale, clear, and like fair water, if the distemper be at any height; And many times wholly suppressed, by the strength of the Poison and extraordinary Drought under which they intolerably labour, parching up the Heart and Vitals, powerfully subverting and suffocating both Vital & Animal Spirits, and consuming the Brain, do at length die frantic, mad or moped. These are such like sumptomes commonly follow the effects of this Poison according to the consent general of the most approvedst Authors extant. As touching that of Avicenna that small pieces of flesh in their Urine are to be discerned in the form and shape of Dogs or whelps, and such other Fancies, I willingly pretermit, being as I conceive rather the product of his Fancy then of reason or experience.  
This only I shall here, by way of advice, add; That if any be either bit, or infected any other way which hath been before related; that they seek out for speedy remedy, and defer not till it be too late; Let that of Baldus the Laywer be a warning to them, who neglecting that small by't of his little Dog, miserably perished, notwithstanding when it was too late, he had used all kind of medicines. Forestus in that Observation so often quoted, where he mentions that Woman of Delfe, advised all those whom she had spit upon to be ducked over head and ears in water forthwith, and thereby, they were all saved, preventing what might otherwise have happened, for indeed few who have used remedies in time have perished. Leaping into the water and ducking themselves in this manner, is the Common Cure in the Country; But the best way is to have recourse to the writings of the most approvedest Physicians; For this, as Ponzet. to the Cardinal Lib. De venenis notes, hath been used many times to little purpose; Although sometimes it will effect it; As Cornelius Celsus, Petrus Salius, and others attest, and as we may see by that Philosopher in Aetius, who being infected, and fearful of water, leaping courageously into a Bath, and in the water beholding the shape of the Dog that bit him, at first made a stand as being terrified, but after a little pause, being ashamed thereof, he immediately cried out, Quid Canicum Balneo, and so threw himself forcibly into the water, Drinking some of it without the least fear; And so was freed from his distemper and depraved Fancy. And the rather do I admonish all such as have cause to suspect the infection of this Poison to seek out for present remedy, in that the by't or part venomed, for the present, doth not rage or pain the Patient, more than an ordinary wound, which may make them apt to be careless of themselves; lying lurking in the body, and no wise manifesting itself till it have reached and seized upon the noble parts: So that, indeed, it is not an easy matter, at the first, to know whether one be bitten or infected; Yet, for the discovery thereof, Rhasis and Avicenna have advised, that a bit of the crommy part of bread be wet in the blood & matter of the wound, and so given to a Dog to eat, the which if he refuse to eat or smell too (being hungry) or grow mad or die after he hath eaten t, It is a most sure token (they say) that the party is infected: whereby you may discover the malignity of the Poison although the wound be not extraordinary painful, nor swell, nor burn, etc. As wounds from other venomous Creatures do. Neither for this reason only, have you reason to be cautious; but also, for that, when once it hath seized on the Brain, Heart, and the more noble parts, so that the party become frantic, grovelling upon the ground, epileptic, swound, howl, bark, snarl, and apprehend strange fancies, rage, and the like, it is past remedy; And all medecines, will prove ineffectual; Dying sooner, or later, as the symptoms are more or less prevalent, and apparent, as Delirium, want of sleep, Convulsions, etc. And if the Hickop take them, they for the most part die the next Day after; but many times that same Day, However an assured token it is, that Death is at hand. If the wound or by't be not deep, or have offended the Nerves, Veins or Arteries, there is more hope of life, provided present help, be administered, If the wound be large, some think it a greater sign of health then when the wound is the smaller, because it thereby is more capable of evacuating much of the venomous matter. The which if it abundantly evacuate, or send forth much blood thereby when it is first made, or afterwards when it is curing; or the Body of its own accord sweat freely and in any quantity, emit much Urine, and it black, they are very good signs all of health, if Rhasis and Avicenna may be credited. The same Avicenna likewise affirmeth, that it is a good sign if he be afraid of water (which by most is thought a token of death) provided he can behold his face in a glass. But these Aphorisms are not infallible; for we see that Philosopher in Aetius before quoted, was cured by Drinking and Ducking himself in the Bath, notwithstanding he feared the Dog that bitten him was in the water: other examples you may find, in the writings of the Learned, contradicting most of the other assertions likewise, which for brevity's sake I willingly pretermit.  
Wherefore then as touching the Cure in general, not only of this venomous infection, but of all other wounds received by the biting of Serpents, or any other poisonous Creature whatsoever, There are 2 things principally to be considered. First, when any one is bit, 
Of the Cure in general of the bite of a Mad Dog, Serpent, or other venamous Creature.  or any other ways infected, to prevent the raging & raving madness: And Secondly, when they are therewith Captivated, to cure as much as in Art is possible to be done. In the former of these, there are three things a Physician must be careful to perform. 1. That the Poison may be hindered from entering into the Body; and not only so, but that it be also drawn forth of the wound or part affected, and expelled. 2. That the Poison be hindered from spreading and delating itself, or entering into the inward parts and principal members; And the parts, rather, corroborated and fortified against it. 3. That the Poison and the malignity thereof be extinguished.  
The first of these is performed by Ligatures, if the part be such as will admit of them, having a care that it be not bound too hard. And if it may not by any means be tied about, the best way is to apply restringent medecines, such as are Bolus Armenus, Belaustia, Sanguis Draconis, cum ovi albumine vicinis locis imponenda, etc. Attrahentia sunt varia, quidem sunt calida & sicca in secundo gradu, quae moderate attrahunt; Alia vero in tertio. quae magis; Alia etiam in quarto, quae maximè attrah●nt, & ardore C●tem in tum●ore attolunt, ac rubore suffundum, Tanned inque vesicas excitant. Talia sunt Cylamini, Radices Aristol●chiae, Dracuaculi, An●mones, Gentianae, Ranunculi, Ariosto, Narcissi, Pyrethri, Arundines, Th●psiae, Vri●a, Flammula, Seinen Sinapis, Allium, Caepe, Nasturtii, Fermentum, Anacardia, Gummi, Galbanum, Opopanax, Ammoniatum, Sagapenum, ●iae sicca, Propolis, Cantharideses, fimus Anscrinus, Gallinaceus, Columbrinus, etc. Q●ibus C●mmode admiscetur Theriaca, V●ile est & ●mplastrum v l Cataplasma De Angelica. Commendatur plurimum ex Dioscoride d●sumpt●m, & sapecum felici successu usurpatur, ex Allio, Caepis, & semine Tritici mastic●to paratum, Galenus Lib. 2. De Antidote. Cap. 11. Commendat valde emplastrum paratum ex Pic●, Opopanate, & Aceto. sic. ℞. Picis L●b j A●eti Acer●●m Lib. j ℥ viij. oppopanac. ℥ iij opopona ●prius in Cyathis 4. Aceti dusolvitur, Acetum quod suprest cum Pice coq●itur, et coquuntur, ●avendo ne efferveant: ser bi●que●cem G. l n●s, se neminem vidisse, quo into uses mo●u ●s sit. In Lib. i●e● De 〈◊〉 a Ad P●s num etiam cum felici successu Th●rina● c●m ol: Rosar. liquatam imponi testatur. Aetius Tetr. 3. Serm Cap. 10. Hoc laudat, ℞. Spum. Argent. Ceruse. resin. Pini, An. Lib. j ol. veter. Lib. iij. ℥ seven. Amononiat. Thymiam. Galban. An. ℥ iiij. Cerussae & Argenti spumam ol. Coquito, donec manus non inquinent, deinde liquefacta adducito & unito. Laudatur et emplastrum Diadictamnum, quod Galenus Lib. 5. De Compositione medicamentorum secundum genera, Cap. 4. Sic describit. ℞. olei veteris, heminas ij. Lythargyri, ʒij. aeruginis rasae, ʒviij. Squammae, ʒvi. Colophoniae liquidae, ʒj. manuae ʒxij. Ammoniaci Thymiamatis, ʒxxuj. aeris Combusti, ʒviij. Diphrygis ʒuj. Gentianae, tantundem, Aloes, ʒviij. Galbani, ʒxij. Propolis, ʒviij. Cerae, ʒxxv. Aristolochiae, ʒx. Dictamni Cretici, tantundem. Conficito accuratissimè. Capivaccius Lib. 7. Pract. Cap. 12. sequens commendat, ℞. Ciner. Cancr. fluviat. Allii, Menthae, Gentianae, Aristolochiae Rotundae, Ana. ʒij. Baccar. Lauri, Boli Armenij, Ana. ʒj. Misce cum succo Menthae q s. Fiat Emplastrum; vel potius, Cataplasma. Those, and such like medecines may be fitly applied to attract, and draw out the venom; or the same may be used as is requisite in the second Rule, viz. which hinder the Poison from diffusing and penetrating the Body.  
, Si partis conditio ferat, Cucurbitulae imponantur, et quidem cum magna flamma venenum immissum extrahatur. Et si vulnus sit exiguum scarificari debet, et quidem si aliquod temporis spatium a morsu praeterlapsum sit, saepius adhibendae sunt, et partibus vicinis altiora vulnera inftigenda. Sed vulnus antea si satis sit magnum, non opus est scarificationes adhibere, ne inflammatio excitetur, quae postea impediat, quo minus alia remedia, quae venenum evocant, adhiberi possint. Si verò pars sit, ut Cucurbitulae commodè affigi non possint, scarificatio sola adhibenda, ut sanguis effluat, qui sicca spongia è vulneri●us exsugendus, non verò vulnus aqua abluendum, id est fontana, sed potius cum Aqua Marina, aut Vrina, vel Aqua Vitae, aut vino, vel Aceto in quo Theriac. aut Sinap. fuerit Dissolute; Et sic vulnus diu apertum servandum est, non solum usque ad diem quadràgessimum, sed per integrii annum, praesertim in morsu Canis Rabid. Cum observatum sit (ut antea dictum) quosdam à rabidis Canibus morsos etiam post annum, imò etiam longius temporis spatium in Hydrophobiam incidisse. Licet etiam Animalia viva, ut Columbas, Gallinas, plumis prius evulsis, podice vulneri admovere; et si ●nd moriatur, statim aliam adhibere, vel pullos Gallinarum, Aut Columbarum per medium dissectos adh●c calentes laesae parti impon●re. Expeditissim● verò via est ad●ibere Caute●ia actualia, q●ae et venenum absumunt, et diuturnum ul●us, per quod virus essluat, relinquunt. Vstione peracta danda opera, ut Crusta quam c●lerrime moveaour, ut venenum qua citissime per ulcus evacuari possit. Nam Crusta ulceri inh●rens facit ut venenum retineatur, et ad Corpor is interiora penetret. Amoveatur autem alias, si illinatur vitello ovi, et recenti Butyro. Verum cum periculum sit in mora, si locus sit Carnosus, etam manuali opera Crusta d●mi inde potest; Si antem locus ustionem non f●rat, aut aeger ignem actualem admittere nolit, adhibenda medicamenta Ca●stica ●t escharatica dicta, inter quae etiam Mercurius Sublim●●us et praecipitatus utiliter usurpatur. Sunt nonnulli, qui, si partis conditio id ferat partem demorsam statim amputandam censent, exemplo illerum, qui ab aspide ant viperis demor si aigi os amputaverunt, et salvievaserunt; ut refert Galenus Lib. 3. De locis affectis, Cap. 7. Venaefectioni hic nullus locus est, ut pote quae venenum non evacuat, sed vires debilitat, venenumque exagitat: Et ergo potius obest quam prodest. Purgationem quod attinet, ut ab initio ea instituatur, nihil est, quod eam indicet. Imo si exhibeantur purgantia, metus est ●e venenum ad interiora trahatur, et humores, ac corporis partes inquinentur. Si verò malum jam progressum sit, et venenum ad interiora penetraverit, tum purgatio non inutilis est, camque tantum auxilii afferre scribit Dioscorides, ut quidem qui jam Hydrophobiae propinqui essent sumpto Heleboro sanati fuerunt; Ideoque non semel atque iterum, sed frequentius ante diem 40. Ea it a uti praecipit. Humores tamen prim. praeparare non inutil● fuerit Calefacientibus, incidentibus, abstergentibus atque veneno simul resistentibus; ut syr. scored. de Cortic. Citri, Betonic. De●omis De succo bugloss. Epithymo, Decoctionibus paratis è semine Citri, Rad. Gentianae, Angelicae, Dictamni Albi, Scordii, Vinceroxico, Bugloss. Melissa, Hippolapatho, etc. Reliquis scopis, nimirum ut veneni ad interna pregressus prohibeatur, parts principes roborentur quo sacilius venenum à se propellere possint, ac malignua 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 humoribus et Corporia a veneno impresso aboleatur, iisd●m fere medicamentissatis fieri potest, scilicet Antidotis, et i●s quae deculiari vi his venenis resist●nt; ut in singulis reperiuntUr. Item et 3. ●●t venenum ●t malignitas extinguatur. Of which bene●●th, in their several places; And first of such Corroboratives and Antidotes as are convenient to be used again the Poison of a Mad-Doggs by't; or of the Cure of this venom.  
Quod ad Curationem attinet. Primdanda opera, ut venenum Corpori Commu● catum foras eliciatur, iis modis, qui bacten● sunt propositi. Imponantur plagae Emplestrum è Galbano in Aceto Dissoluto, et fari●● hordeacea paratum; vel e● Allio, 
Of the Cure of the bite or Poison of a Mad Dog.  foliis ficus et Cym● no Contusis ac cum oleo mix●tis. Fiat Cataplasma vu●neri imponendum. Vel, Emplastrum ex Pie● oppopanace et Aceto paratum jam descriptum Aut Emplastrum Diadict amuum ex Galen sumptum; vel illud Aetii, aut Capivaccii, et Purgantia, quae in Rabie Canina conveniu● sint omnium consensu validiora, ut elleborimus, Hiera, Diacatholocynthid. Russii, Archigenis, Logadii, Pachii, Pilul. ex Helle bore Antimonio, De Lapide Lazuli, Cochiae, D● Nitro, Faetido, etc. Si aetas, temperamentum vires, vel aer dissuadeant talia; eligant●● mitiora, ac mediocria, ut est Sena, Epithymum Polypodium, Helleborus Niger, Mirabol Nigri, et Agaric, trecipue, qui simul venen, resistit. Composita sunt elect. De Dactyl, Confect. Hamech, Elect Indum majus, ac benedicta Laxativa. Ad partes principes Roborandum, ab omnibus commendatur Alysum. Laudantur et Cancri fluviatilis, cum corum Cinis, tum decoctum, multo Anetho admixto, Scordium, Chamedries, Radix Gentianae, Rutae Agrest is semen, Chamemalum, Centaurium minus; Artemisia, Aristolochia rotunda, Rad. sylv. Radicem Cynhorrhodi Commendat precipuè Plinius, Nat. Hist. Lib. 8 Cap. 41 & Lib. 25. Cap. 2. ut oraculo patefactam, camque aliis omnibus igitur remediis Prefert. Laudatur et vinum generosum statim potum et Allium Comestum.  
Inter Composita, Antidote è Cancris pluribus Commendatur et à Graecis, et Arabibus, scribitque Galenus neminens unquam mort n●m esse, qui Canc●orum pulvere rectè usus sit, et quidem Lib. 11. De simple. medicamentorum facultatibus, ex praeceptore suo A●schrione, sumit Cancros sluviaetiles post ortum Canis Captos, quando Sol Leonem transit, Decima octava Luna et tos vivos in sartagine aeris rubri Comburit; Cinerum sumit Duo Cochlearis, vel ʒij. pulv. Gentianae Cochlear. j seu. ʒj. vini meraci iiij. Cyath. quae in modum polentae dilutae miscet, et quotidie bibenda exhibet. Deinde ex Asclepiade, recipit Ciner. Caner. Praepar. Pare●x. Thuris Part. 1. Gertianae, Part. v. et exhibet hujus pulv. Cochlear. j bibendum X L. Diebus, aut si jam à morsu aliquot Dies processerint, Duo Cochlearia propinat. De hec t●amen medicamento observandum, Cancr●s veres usurpandes esse qui sunt Corpore ro●undo, non nostros Gammaros aut Astacos. Nonnulli tamen nostros usurpant. Commeadatur, Item, à plerisque adversus mors●m Canis Rabidi Theriaca, ut r●medium efficacissimum. Item laudatur a nonnullis et hoc Antideti●m, ℞. Mithridate. elect Pulu. Rad. Aristoloch. rotund. Ana ℥ ij .. Terra● s●gillatae, ℥ ss Muscarum, quae de Narelli fructibus victum quaerunt Num xx. Cum succi Citri ●●cent. q. s. F●at Mistura; Cujus Dos●s à ʒj ad ʒj. ss. vel Accipe experimentum nostrum, ut ℞. Cervisia Prin●ariae sevoptimae Lib ij. Theriac. ℥ iiij Rugae, M●j●ss. Alli● quassat ℥ i. seu Stanni in pulvere redacti Cochlear. j simul Decoquantur ad Consumptionem Dimidiae partis, et usui serva. Dossis est Cochlear. ij Calid man● & vesperi, Dum durat. Et Antidota propinentur in dupla quantitate, quam in praeservati●n●, singulis Dicbus, mane Theriac. vel Mithridat. ℥ ij. in vino potenti, vesperiante Caenam Antia●t. De Cancris, Gentia●ae, Helichor Albus pr●tinus exhibendus; Hae●●que A●tid●ta ad 40 Di●m exhib●ri debent. Queam suddent, ut ager in anno, quater purg●●ar, et ●●●gulis 15. Di bus sumat Theri●c●m. N●●●l as Florentinus ut perintegrum Annum Antidota usurpentur. Aetius, ut singulis Annis Appropinquante morsus tempore per hieram ager purgetur, et instant Die per tridunm Theriacam sumat. Inter Recentiores Alexipharmacum prastantissimum proponit Palmarius, in Lib. De Morb. Contagios●s Quod so●●m neglect is purganti●us, et emissa●●am vulneris Cura, qu●●unque à morsu tempore usurpatum, certissimum ac tutiss●mum remedium existat; et quo nullum unquam animal ●sum fu●ris, quod non mali hujus peri●ulum evitaverit, cum quacunque vic●us ration●, illaesis tamen capitis partibus, et modo vulnus inflictum capitis parts ●re superiores non attigerit, aut aqud clotum fuerit. Has enim parti● us vulneratis, aut parte vulnerata statim à morsu frigida clota, parum spei superest. Est autem tale. ℞. I ol. Rut. Verben. Salviae, Plantaginis, Polypodij, Absynthij vulg Menthae, Artemis. Melissophyll. Beton Hyperici, Centauri minoris singulor. a●quale pondus. Colligantur singula, quo tempore magis virib. pollent; deinde papyraceis charus inclusa s●ccentur seorsum in loco, ad quem neque Sol, neque pluvia pertingat, ne vel nimium exare●cant, vel ●●●m contrahunt. Post redigant●r in pulverem: De quo ʒj. ss. vel ij. ●●ngulis diebus demorso exhibean ur, vel cum saccharo, vel cum vino, vel jusculo, vel alio modo jejuno stomacho, horis tribus ante Cibum. Si tamen tempus aliquod a morsu inflicto praeterierit ʒiij. Exhibeantur. Extra verò vulnus prius spongia, vel linteolis siccis ex siccatum vino aut hydromelite, in quo pulveris hujus ʒss. soluta sit, bis velter quotidie foveatur, deinde Emplastrum, vel Magnetum, quale in aliis vulneribus, admoveatur.  
Post Alexipharmaca, et● Purgationem etiam exhiberi possunt sudorifera, ut venenum dissipetur. Efficaciffim●● autem est visc. querc. lignum sumptum, viscus autem ipsum extrinsicus applicatum. Sudorifera simul alexiteria sunt talia; ut, ℞. Ligni visci querci, Dictamni albi An. ʒij. vel iij. Aqua Chamamaemel. Lib. ij. Coq. Ad medietat. Dosis ℥ viij. vel x. vel ℞. Ligni visci querci ℥ ij. Dictamni ℥ ss. Sem. & Flor. Cardui Benedicti, An. ʒj. ss. F. Pulvis. Cujus Dosis 〈◊〉 ʒj. ad ʒij. vini Albi generosissimi ℥ jss. Aqu. Card. Benedict. ʒij. vel iij. mixta exhibe. Prater sudorifera conveniunt etiam Diuretica Antidotis mixta, quae utraque vi polleant; Inter quae praestant spica Celtica, Valeriana, Asarum, Scordium, et alia, quae eodem tempore quo sudorifera conveniunt.  
Pro Amuletis commendantur dens Canis Rabidi humero suspensus et substractus, Cereum ursa, Phocae. Plura vide apud Scribonium Largum, Lib. De Compos. Med, etc. & pro curationibus Divinis & miraculosis, vide Col. Rodesi●. Jovian. Pontan. Mathiol etc. And thus much briefly to be spoken of the biting of a Mad-Dogg, and of its Cures and Antidotes; And of the Cure in general of all other venamous Creatures bites; which I have, for brevity's sake, here, in the first place, prefixed, to avoid repotition and tautology in what follows. Touching the Cures of which, we intent only to mention in short, their several Antidotes, and for what else is requisite to be known, refer you to what hath been already spoken.   

SECTION II. Of Cat's Poison and its Antidotes.  
2. FElis, a Cat, a Creature no less frequent and familiar with us, than the former; yet thought, by some, to be of that poisonous quality, as the very sight or presence of it, is sufficient to make a man swound, tremble, sweat, and become speechless. But what reason such have as thus conceive, I know not. If as Paraeus, Sennertus, and most apprehend, there is some venamous quality in these Creatures, be cause many are affected in that manner aforesaid; How cometh it to pass then all in the Company are not likewise moved thereat? And, if their presence so poisoneth and infecteth the Aër that it being drawn into the mouth puts men into a sweat, and into swooning fits; Why are not all thus molested thereby? Wherefore I rather believe this proceeds from some secret Antipathy: else, by the same reason, we must conclude Mutton, Beef, Ducks, nay and most food to be poison, there being almost nothing in the world, but is, by one, or other, Distasted. A Gentleman one day at Dinner at my Fathers I remember, fell down from his Chair in a swound at the serving up of a Custard; Another Gentleman grew extreme sick by eating only a bit of a shoulder of Mutton minc'● among other meats in an H●sh, etc. Authors are full of such like examples; And yet to conclude these Poisons, because they work such effects in this, or that party, were ridiculous.  
But of these Creatures if the brain be eaten, it proves assuredly destructive; as Schenkius Lib. De Venenis, Fol. 953. And Sennertus Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap 31. Prove out of Pouzettus, Lib. 2. De Venenis, Tract. 6. Cap. 3. And Mathiolus, Comment. ad Lib. 6. Cap. 25. Dioscorid. For, it makes such to rage and grow mad, It being very dry potentially (especially the male) Comparing it with Man's, It obstructeth the passages of the brain, so that the Animal Spirits cannot pass to the hinder part; whence the Memory becomes depraved and lost, They become Dolts, grow moped, and vertiginous, etc. Neither is it safe to eat of the Brains of several other Creatures; In that divers Men have thereby had their Natural Dispositions quite changed into the Nature of such Creatures, as Sennerins instanceth in those who have been changed into the very habit and disposition of a bear, by eating the Brains of that Creature, Instit. Med. Lib. 2. Part. 3. Sect. 2. Cap. 4. But no more of this, in this place. Quod ad Curationem attinet, Primo si sciatur Cerebrum ●elis adhuc in ventriculo haerere, vomitu reijciatur; Si verò in Corpus sit distri●utum, expurgandum est, inprimis Extr. Hellebor ℈ j Possea Antidoti loco exhibeatur Moschi, qui proprium hujus veneni habetur Antidotum ℈ ss. Idque singulis septimanis aliquandiu continuetur. Utile est etiam saepe sumere Confectionem Diamoschi Dulcis, vel de sequenti electuario aliquid exhibere ℞. Conserv. Anthos ℥ ij. Pulu. Sem. Paeon. Carni, Cubebar. Anaʒss. Spec. Diamosch. Dulc. ʒj. Cum Syrup. De Betonica. Fiat Electuarium. Item Curatur, ut inquit Pouzettus, Loco Aligato, Propinando bis mense ʒj. Terrae Lemuiae cum Aqua Samphuchi; Aromata etiam Cibis miscenda sunt, recreandi spiritus gratia. Vinum bibendum Clarum, & cum eo quandoqueʒ ss. Diamoschi Dulcis (Mathiolus, Loco Citato, vult ut aegri sumant mane quotidie Confectione Diamoschi tribus vel quatuor horis ante Cibum) sed fort sat fuerit bonam victus rationem instituisse.  
The Blood of Cats is likewise extremely pernicious, as appears by that of Martinus Weinrichius Comm. De Monstris (recorded also by Laurentius Scholzius, De suis nob is adeoque posteritati communicatis observationibus; As also by Schenkins, Lib. 7. De Venenuis, And Sennertus, Institut. Med. Lib. 2. Part. 3. Sect. 2. Cap. 4. And in Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 31.) Who tells us of a Maid that by seeing a Thief executed publicly, by severing his Head from his Body, fell into the Epilepsy, being extremely terrified by this Object; And for her recovery having frustrately used divers medicaments and praescripts, was at length persuaded by some of the twattling Gossips about her to drink some Cats-blood, assuring her it was a present remedy; But not long after she had followed this mad Direction, she degenerated into the Nature of this Creature, and, by fits, would Mew, Leap, Scratch, and play as Cats use to do, as also, in private, catch Mice, and contract herself so as to pass through holes, that no body else could of her bigness. Touching the unwholesomeness of the blood of Creatures for food, especially Swines-blood, which is commonly and most frequently eaten by the vulgar, I shall not in this place insist, having treated thereof in other pieces as yet in manuscript.  
The very breathing likewise of Cats is by many of the Learned accounted extremely dangerous, consuming the radical moisture of the Body, Lungs, and the whole Man, as Avenzoar Praemito, Lib 1. Theuzar, attests to be commonly known; As Schenkins and Sennertus in Locis Citatis quote him. And Mathiolus, Comm. ad Lib. ● Cap 25. Dioscorid as the same Schenkius and Paraus Lib 21 Cap. 34 De Venenis, have it, also affirms as much, attesting himself to have known some who delighting so much in Cats, that they would even take them to bed with them, that, by often drawing in the Aër of their breathing, fell into hecktick Fevers, Marasmus, Consumption of the Lungs, and at length thereby died. The same Paraeus, Loco Citato, likewise confirms it, saying; that Cats by lying at the mouths of Children, hinder, by the weight of their Bodies, the evacuation of the fuliginous vapours, and the motion of the Chest, whereby their Spirits are suffocated and stiffed, by the pestiferous Aër received from the expiration of these Cats. But, whether, this likewise, proceeds from a secret Antipathy, or by the hairs of these Creatures received into the throat, which, as Gesner, Johustonus, and others think, as Aldrovandus, Aristotle, etc. are sufficient to choke one: I shall not here dispute. This, however is certain, that by all Authors they are condemned as very noxious to Mankind; And therefore I shall not presume to Correct them, notwithstanding experience and examples are Common of such both Men, and Women, and Children, who have been very fa●n ●ar with these Creatnres lying with them, playing with them in the day time, and stroking of them at meal time and letting them walk upon the board, their arms and shoulders (As the late William ●and, Archbishop of Ca●●●●●● was won● to have them) and all without the least prejudice. But let every Man use his own Reason and experience.   

SECTION III. O Woo●●● Poison, an● 〈◊〉 Anti●●ot●s.  
L●●●●, all 〈◊〉, whose bite, likewise (being mad) intecteth a man with the same madness; And, as the madness con●eted by the bi●e of a Do●●, is (as you have heard) called Hy●●●phol in, so is 〈◊〉, communicated by the poisonous fo●me, or breath of a W●●●, termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; As ●●●x Plater. Pra●●. 〈◊〉 Cap 3. D●m●m●● Ali●nation●, well notes, Q●a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, it being a distemp●● in which they not only unitate Wo●●es, but likewise ●un howling about in their manner o●v●●ce and ●oane, frequen●●● Sep●●●e: and Grave●, imagining themselves 〈◊〉 ●●lly 〈◊〉 as L●●th 〈…〉 3. S●●● 1. Cap 11. and every 〈◊〉 C●an a●●unne. Whence, by the vulgar Lati●●, this kind of madness is termed Lupina Insania. Hence, perhaps, as the same Fuchsius and others note, Pliny Nat. Hist. Lib. 8. Cap. 22. with Virgil in Eclog. And Ovid De 
* Arcadia Rege, quem a ●ove in Lupum ob sua s●elera mutatum ●inxit.  Lycaone, and other Poets writ that men have been Metamorphosed into Wolveses, and from Wolveses to Men again. An example of one thus affected is recorded by Joannes Wi●rus in Libro 3. De praestigiis Daemonum, Cap. 18. Running about Churchyards, Graves, and Sepulchers; howling, and would be by no persuasions made to believe he was other than a Wolf; which afterwards recovering again, it might, in some sense be said of him, the Wolf which was formerly a Man, is become a Man again; or he who had his Reason and Intellectuals so depraved, as that he thought himself a Wolf and degenerated into the actions and habits of that Creature, is now again restored to the Reason and Understanding of a 
‖ Anima enim humana non potest informare Corpus brutum, nec anima Lupi, Corpus humanuin; Cum quaelibet forma certam, a● sibi convementi modo dispositam, & peculiarem requirat materiam.  Man. Nicholas Remigius, Damonolair. Lib. 2. Cap. 5. Hath divers instances of the like seeming Metamorphoses, or of such who have been affected with this kind of madness. Nay, and Nabuchadnezzar in the prophecy of Daniel, as some Expositors conceive, was only affected with this melancholy distemper. Little better were King Praetus Daughters, recorded by Hypocrates, Lib. De la●an●t, who thought themselves Kine. So Jupiter transmitted 〈◊〉 King of Arca●●a, as Ovid note M●●. 〈◊〉. Lib. 1. into a Wolf for his sins. ●●●h hay-ropes are frequent almost in every Author what hath but mentioned this Lycanthropia, As, M●zald●●, ●ildesh in. For st●●, 〈◊〉, Remi●ius, Spran●perus, Wi●●●, 〈…〉, Olaus' Ma●●us, V 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, P●u●●●us, N●●●●chius, Platerus, G●●ma, Marcellus, D●●tas, Se● norta●, etc. It ariseth also as well from a Melancholy humour generated in Man, as from the bite of any Wolf, and therefore we find Parlus, M●ginetus, 〈◊〉 3. Cap. 16 And Aetius, T●●r. Scr●●. Cap. 〈◊〉 Terming it a hand of M●●●● 〈…〉 most, soating higher, make it a for ●●●●dn●ss, although many w●ll not ●d●●● 〈◊〉 Disease, but merely by the force of this Poison, or by a possession of the 〈◊〉. But though these Men that this 〈◊〉 un, are so far from huling the mark, that they shoot quite beside the Bull; yet I do, and must acknowledge, the Devil can, and therefore, may delude the senses of Men, so as to make the appearance of such a Creature in the room of the Man affected, or other ways, so that thereupon may be concluded a real transmutation of the Man into the shape of the Wolf; or that it is occasioned from the Possession of the Devil, and not from any humour, or Poison by a bite from these Creatures when mad, of which you may see more in St. Augustin, De Civitate Dei, Cap. 18. Lib. 28. Some affected herewith, do somewhat differ in their actions from what you have heard already described; not howling or running up and down like Wolveses, or frequenting Graves, Churches, Churchyards, or Sepulchers, neither do they desire to hunt sheep, or to raven any manner of way; But rather imitate the actions and customs of Dogs, imagining themselves to be really Dogs, Like him in Forestus, whom he says Observat. Med. Lib. 10. De morbis Cerebri, observat. 26. He saw himself at Alchmar in Holland, A poor Husbandman of a pale countenance, hollow eyed, black, ugly and fearful to behold, having his Legs & Thighs scabbed, very dry and scurffy, etc. Carrying a stick in his hand, with which he used only to beat away Dogs, not offering to strike at any Man or other Creature. And these same Symptoms are common to both kinds▪ For I find Donatus Antonius ab Altomaro Lib. De Medend. Corp. Mal. Cap. 9 Reciting the same signs in Lycanthropia; Neither are they otherwise delivered by any; This latter kind is termed commonly by Physicians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, se● Canina Insania, and proceeds rather purely from a Melancholy humour in the Body, molesting the brain; then from any poysonon● by't of a Madd-wo lf, as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, oftentimes, doth; Having, besides those before recited signs in the Face, Body, Legs, all the actions and manners of a Wolf, howling, ravening, and tearing all that comes near them, Sheep, Dogs, Men, etc. The Cure, is the same with that of a Madd-Dogg, wherefore, for brevity's sake, I shall thither refer thee.   

SECTION. IU. De Mure Araneo, and its Antidotes  
MUS Araneus, It is so called, as some ●hink, Quod est Animal exiguum Aran●i forma & Muris dicta; qu●d ejus morsu Aranea interimitur; because it is like unto that Spider in shape called A●an●a, & ●. Others say it is thus called, because it is thought to eviscerate itself and to climb up upon any thing thereby as Spiders usually do: Many take it for a 〈◊〉 and some for a ●ish; Others that it is a vermin like unto a Weasel, having two row, of teeth, poisoning by the v●ry by't, together with us spittle or so●n●● con●e●●●g it into the Bodies of such 〈◊〉 b●●th▪ And therefore others will ha●● it called Must Aran●us, because it poisoneth as doth that Spider ●●rmed Aran●●● Animal simile Mustelae, 〈…〉 eyes m●●s●s venenatus, unde Ar●●●● 〈◊〉 It is not a Creature vulgarly known, 〈…〉 w●ll observes. Yet 〈…〉, I th●●. Cap. 2. And C●●●inus, 〈◊〉 Venenis, Lib. 1. Cap. 27. Treat of 〈◊〉. Such as are bitten with this 〈◊〉 may be known by these signs; As, 〈◊〉▪ pression 〈…〉 of those several ●ow●●. ●●eth, out of which, first, blood 〈…〉, the● matter corrupt and filthy, besides it tormenteth them with grievous pa●●e, the part affected being inflamed, exulcerated and putrified: and about the wound usually ari●e many small pustules, ●ull of ●urrulent corrupt matter; Sometimes also the patiented is grievously tormented and macerated with a griping in his bowels, coppage of the Urine, and Cold, Clammy sweats; and at length death itself, if not timely prevented. Quod ad Curationem ●tti●●t, Primò danda opera ut venenum Corpori communicatain foras eliciatur, iis modis, qui hactenus sunt proportion. 〈◊〉 ponantur Plagae, Emplastrum è Clalban●●a A●eto Dissoluto, & sarina Hord●●cen paratam, vel ex Allio, F●lii● Ficus●● Cymin, cantusis, ac cum Oleo mixt●s, Fiat Cataplasma vulneri imponendum. Ulcera è pustulis ruptis oborta, Acida M●ria eluere, et Hordeum ustum, vel mali punici d●le is coriu ●●●ctum tritum imponcre, atque ulcera codem ●●c●●●to, vel potius Decoclo Myrti, sovere Jubet Aetius, Tetrab. 4. Serm. 1. Cap. 14. Morsum à Mure Aranco instictum, Arenam, sin terram ex rotacian transitu sess orbita sumptam, & ●●l●eri Cataplasmatis modo impositam, Illico sanare scribit Paulus Aeliae. nus, De Animal. Lib. 2. Cap 37. Interim slatim simul Alexipharm●●● sunt sumenda. quae hactenus sunt proposica; vel paret●●●ale Electuarium ℞ Cortis. Radic. Cappar Radi Gentianae, Anʒj. ss. Aristeloch. long. Bacear. L●an●i, Terre sigillatae, Rutae, Ana. ʒij. Cosii Amari, Spicae Indicae, Ana. ʒj. Flor. Salphuris, ʒss. Croci, ℈ ss. Cum M●lle, ●iar Electuatium. Cujus Dostis quotidie bis 〈◊〉 ʒj. Ad ʒij. Sunt qui Congulum H●●●i, Laporis, vel Agni ex vino sumptum valde commendant. Pl●ra vide apud Pra●●i●●s.   

SECTION V Of Bulls-blood ranked among Poisons by some of the Learned.  
Taurus', a Bull, a Creature commonly known among us, even to the meanest Capacity; The Blood of which, notwithstanding, is, by many of the Learned, ranked among Poisons, if it be drank in too great a quantity, giving divers instances of several that have thus lost their lives, as, Joannes Schenckius. Lib. 7. De Venenis, and Sennertus, Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 33. from him, record. Midas' King of Phrygia, by drinking freely of Bull's blood expired this life; as Caelius Rhodiginus, Antiq. Lect. Lib. 14. Cap. 12. Ex Plutarcho Lib De superstitione Strabonis Lib. 1. Et Eusebio De Temporibus note. Likewise Psamentius King of Egypt, being vanquished by Cambysis, killed himsef by drinking of Bull's blood, as Herodotus Records, Lib. 3. The same doth Plutarch report in Themislocle of Themistocles. Et cum ob insperatum Argonautarum reditum Pelias Aesonem Jason●s patrem obtruncare decrevisset, Aeson sacrificans, Hausto Taurino sanguine satis concessit, Natalis Comes Mythol. Lib. 6. Cap 7. Ex Diod. Sioul. Lib. 4. Cap. 3.  
Yet, this proceeds not out of any inherent property of the blood; But as Sennertus proves out of Grevinus, Li. 2. De venenis, Cap. 10. à ratione tantum quadam adventicia, It having no venomous property in it; the which Eustachius Rudins Lib. 3. Cap. 6. De morb. ●●cult. Consirmes; But being drank coagulateth in the stomach, and so, is only 
* Cur autem hic sanguis sit venenosus, percontaberis? Respondet Martinus Rulandus, lib. 1. Pross. Medicophy. 253.  hurtful, and no otherwise, which Grevinus approves; adding, that after the blood is concreated in the stomach, and Converted into lumps, it putresies, and so sends malignant vapours to the Brain, whence men oftentimes lose their senses; Swoundings and Suffocations likewise follow, in rearguard those Lumps and Clotts of blood growing great, can be neither upward nor downward expelled, whence the passages of the stomach and Lungs are choked up. But Sennertus rather conceives it to arise fro● a consent of the stomach; which, whilst●● is  of this Concreated blood, presseth down the Diaphragma and Lungs, hurting also the orifice of the stomach, which being nervous, may likewise by consent affect the neighbouring parts that have nerves. However and Concreted in the stomach, it must needs affect in a direful manner; the stomach being all together unable to digest it, as is clear from common experience; for we see the blood of this Creature doth glaze, and as it were petresie the very earth and pavements on which it is spilt. As it 
* ●●●●i re●●●er jug●● ni sangumem ep●●um 〈◊〉 ●●●s●●n esse, v●terii & ju●iorum vn●ni●●s senten●tia sirmat, ex cujus ●su Difficultas spirandi, distentio ne●v●ram, fau●●u●● prae●lus●●, lingua ●ubor●, ●●●●wn nigritic 〈◊〉 alia 〈◊〉 sympt●●●ta subj●q●●ntar.  causeth a a difficulty in breathing, and swallowing, sendeth forth much spittle by the mouth, and frothy substance, pains and nauseousness in the stomach, sowndings, faintings, and senselessness, and almost such invasions as are incident to epileptics, and at length Death itself, if not timely prevented. In Curatione, nota; quod ut reliquorum venenorum intra Corpus assumptorum; Ita Sanguinis Taurini quoque Curatio vel à Vomitoriò, vel à Clystere, prout vel in ventric●lo, vel intestinis venenum latet, Cura auspicanda. Verum primò, Quia ob grumos sanguinis Concretos vomitus Citra suffocatio●is per●nlum provocari non potest, auspicanda et à medicamentis sanguinem concretum solventibus; qualia sunt Acetum, O●●ymel, & Acctosa alia, Hydromel, Sperma C●●i, Mumia, Coagulum Leporis, Haedi, Rad Gentianae, Laserpitij, Pinipinellae, semen Brassicae, Conyzae folia cum Pipere, Nitrum, Vng●entum Ruborum potabile, Magisterium O●●l rum Cancri, & similia. Ac●tius, Tetrab. 4. Serm. Cap. 74. Ramulos etiam fici trit●s c●m nitro & ●osca prae●et fructusque vitis syl● estris, etiam sicces, c●m●stos, statim grumos sanguinis dissolvere asserie. Sanguine hoc modo dissoluto vomitus provocetur, & si ad intestina jam descenderit, Clysteribus injectis per alvum educatur. Medicamenta quae ad malignit atem utilia esse videntur, sunt Terra Sigillata, Bolus Armenus, Rad. Tormentulae; Aeger saepius comedat ●icus Maceratos in Ac●to, in quo aliquid Nitri dissolution sit: Potus si● Hydro●el, vel dec●●lum ficu●●● ping●ium.   

SECTION VI Of Cow's Milk, by some among Poisons.  
VAcca, a Cow; whose Milk if it Congulate likewise in the stomaches of such as eat or drink it, is no less noxious, and no better than Poison, As most maintain; yet that it hath any poisonous quality more than other Milk, I find none of the Judicious affirm; only, that it being Coagulated in the stomach, thereby, for want of Concoction, obstructing the lower orifice, mesentery veins, etc. Causeth many horrible symptoms, As Animi Deliquium, fainting and sounding sits, suffocating, shortness of breath, and all those other effects which are produced by blood Concreat, or Coagnlated, or by any other thing oppressing the stomach, for want of Digestion; And thus (I say) it rather offends then any otherwise by a venamous property; for that cannot be admitted off; yet because others have ranked it among Poisons, I would not prefume to deviate from their steps in placing it with them, although it offend not otherwise then hath been said. To insist upon the Nature of Milk, or to show what manner of food it is, whether wholesome or unwholesome, or what Milk is best, etc. shall not be my work at this time, because I have done it already, in a Treatise sitted for the press elsewhere:  
In Curatione, Danda imprimis opera, ut Lac Coagulatum Dissolvatur et vomitu reijciatur. Quam ad rem utile est Acetum simplex; vel sciliticum, Hydromel, Oxymel simplex & compositum vel sciliticum, & reliqua medicamenta in Sanguine Concreto Comendata. Laudatur & succus Menthae recens expressus, Baccae Juniperi, Thymus, Artemisia, Sem. Nausturij, ficus cum vino vel Aceto propinatum, etc. And thus much of Poisons appertaining to four footed Creatures, or, more properly, to Beasts. The rest follow.    

DIVISION I. Of Poisons belonging to FLYING CREATURES.  

SECTION. I. Of the Hie Cantharideses, snastes Antdotes, Bupressus.  
SEcondly, of FLYING CREATURES there are certain poisons also; as 1. Cantharideses, A Spanish or French Hie o● ha●●●●n inch long, beautiful and sta●●●g, commonly known by our Apothecary, and ●ould i● their shops. It is of a sharp, accide and corroding nature, and a great enemy to the Blauder, poisonous, 〈◊〉 being taken inwardly in any quantity, or ha●e then ●s fi●ting; As appears by several example● in the writings of the Learned. Ambrosi●● Pareus, De venems, lib. ●1. Cap. ●8. Tell● us of an Abbot; who loving a young Serumpet, that she might have her fill of pleasure with him, invited him to a Banquet, on which she had sprinkled Cantharideses pulverised, the which he eating in too great a measure, the next Day fell into the Dysentery, and evacuated nothing but blood, both by the Fundament and Yard, which continued still erected; And so, at length notwithstanding he had all the remedies the Physicians could administer or prescribe, miserably died in that condition. Bralavola, Com. ad Apher. 17. Lib. 2. Also relates one, who by taking of a Potion mixed with Rhubarb, and other Powders in a Mortar, wherein Cantharideses had been pulverised, was along there by exulcerated from the mouth to the Bladder, and so down to the Fundament. And Pliny, nat. Hist. lib. 29. Cap. 4. Records Cantharideses drank, to be the Death of Cossonus that Roman Knight: And so it was of that rich man in Andrea's Baccius Prolegomenis venenorum & Antidotorum, Pag. 23. By which stories, if you peruse them, you will find a full relation of those horrid syptomes that attend the taking of this sort of Fly into the body.  
As, it exulcerateth not only the stomach, bowels, bladder, and those parts wherein it shall reside, but also all other parts by which it passeth; As from the mouth by which it enters to the Bladder and Fundament by which it is evacuated: neither doth it only exulcerate, but also burn and inflame the parts, whence follow, burning fevers, nautiousnesse, Dysentery, And Inflation of the hypochondries, vertigo and madness; In their mouths they usually savour the taste of Rosin or Pitch; Lastly, It affecteth (as hath been said) the ureteries chief, burning, inflaming, and exulcerating them, causing a constant effusion of blood and erection of the Penis, strangury, Ischury, Intolerable pains, At length it causeth a Gangrene in the ureteries, and finally brings Death itself.  
Nay it is of that violent force, and quality, that, as some Authors maintain, Being but even outwardly applied, it will not only affect the Ureteries and Bladder, but also cause an effusion of blood from those parts. Paraeus, loco alle gato, hath a notable story to this effect, of a certain Gentlewoman, who having her face very much Deformed with red, fiery, and filthy pustules; so that she was shunned by all Company, and abominated by every man that saw her as if she had been Leprous, in a sad perplexity, at length came to Paris the Metropolis of France, to seek help; where she consulted Hollerius, and Grealmus, two eminent Physicians; and, with them, made use likewise, of the said Paraeus, and Caballus, approved and skilful Chirurgeons, who concluded together to apply over all her face a vesicatory of Cantharideses, as the most probable and speedy Cure; But not full 4 hours after the application of this medicine, Her Bladder began to burn intolerably, and the neck of her womb to swell, with Gripe, continual Vometings, Evacuating with blood, both by Urine and stool, with a general exagitation of the humours, and Disturbance of the whole Body, And a violent burning Fever. And Langius, Tomo 1. Epist. 47. out of Montaguanus tells us of one who evacuated by the Yard above five pound weight of blood, by only applying Cantharideses to the knee. Andrea's Baccius, in Prolegonis venenorum, & Antidotorum, Pag. 22. Also affirms that outward applications of this Fly, will work such effects, as effusion of blood, intolerable pains, inflammations, exulcerations, etc. whether applied to the Head, Arms, Legs, Feet, &c: Nay, which is more wonderful, Joannes Michael Paschalius, Method, Curanmorb. Cap. 41. hath a story of a Chirurgeon of Milan in Italy that was twice grievously affected with pissing of blood, only by carrying Cantharideses in a purse abou● him. Adolp●●s Occ● in his observations, hath such an other example also.  
But the truth hereof I shall leave to the Judgements of the Judicious; I shall not presume to correct these so worthy writers, neither in the one, no● the other; only acquaint you, that all the Learned do not hereunto agree; Nay Sennertus, Pract. Med. Lib 6. Part. 8. Cap. 20 Doth give no credit at all to these assertions, where he hath these words, V●r●●● et si s●xcenties ve sicatori● loco i●s usus fuerim; nunquam tamen tale quid ob●e●●●●● potia: That he could never find any such e●●●ct by outward applications, although he had six h●ndred times applied them by way of ve●●●●ory. And I myself had once a patiented that applied, of her own head, a ve●●●●ory of Catath●●rid●s to her Knee, for a pain she had there, and yet suffered not the least damage thereby any other way. But, I say, however, let every Man use his own Judgement and Reason.  
Qu●d ad C●●●a ●●●m at●●●●●, Primo danda oper● quod Commod●s●in● sit vomitorio ex Aqua tepran vel Die ●●o Capiti● porci●i, aut Agnini, Cum Oleo Violarum parato: Et Vomitus aliquoties repeti debet. Post Vomitum Clystres per anum inijciendi, ex hordeo, Malva, Parietar. etc. sem. lini faenigra. ci, ol. lilior. albor. vel violarum, sevo hircino, et Elect. Diaphaenico Parati. Item non inutile fuerit, si Decoctum Althaeae, Maluae, sem. lini vel lac solum. cum Ol. Violarum mixtum, per anum vel meatum urinarium infunderetur. Postea ad Acrimoniam & Maleficam Cantharidum vim obtundendam, aeger sumat Lac Caprinum, juscula pinguia, Ptizanae Cremorem, Butyrum recens, Oryzam cum Lacte Caprino Coctam, Carnes pingues, porcinas scilicet & haedinas, cum hordeo, Portulaca, Lactuca, & Violaria Coctas. Laudatur et vinum copiose sumptum à Pareo De Venenis Lib. 21. Cap. 28. Alij etiam valde Commendant Lac Amygdal. Dulc. vel emulsionem ex sem. 4. frigid. majorib. Cum Aqua Lactucae parata. Vel emulsio Consiciatur è Nucleis pini, sem. papaveris albi, et baccis halacacabi, cum Aqua Violarum, etc. Peculiari vero vi venenum Cantharidum expugnat Pulegium, sive in substantia sumatur, sive decoctum ex eo paretur. Commendatur & terra Lemniaʒij. pondere, vel Fructus Alkekengi, Num. x. si cum vino sumantur. vel ℞. Trochisc. de terra sigillata, Alkekengi, An. ʒss. Et aegro Cum Ano d●lci, Antony's lacte muli●bri exhibea●tur. B●lnea quoque parantur ex Deco●●o m●lu●, Altha●, ●●i●lari●, Portul●cae, Sem▪ ●●ini, ●aenugr●●i Gemtal●a, a●●a membra Dol●n●●●, & Lumbi extra, J●ungantur ung●ento R●sa●●o, 〈◊〉 Popul. Cum Oxycrato mustis ●●●li●●un● & Epithemata e●suc●● L●ctu●●, P●rtulac● C●cumeris, Cu●●rbi●ae, 〈…〉 Violarunt mixtis parata, et d●pli●●ti● lint●lis locis D●lentibus impos●ta.  
To this we may well add Bupres●is, being very like unto Canth●●i●s for Colour, not shape, although may Authors traditionally so write from Galen Lib 11. De Simpl. Med. Facultat. Can. 40. For this sort of Fly is in form more like a Beede, though much smaller; Called Bupres●is, because, 
Of the Fly ●●p●estis, and us Antidotes.  being swallowed by chance by any Beast, it swells them up l●ke a ●unn. It is likewise, as all un●●●●ously agree, no less pe●mti●●● and offensive to men ●f eaten any manner of way, puffing and swelling their bellies, ●●●●●ing and grievously tormenting the stomach and bowels with pain; Cauling a supp●●●●● of the Urine, Strangury, I●chury, and death itself; till when, the party affected, imagines he tastes And smells nought but a kind of Nitrous savour. The Cure is the same with Cantharideses.   

SECTION II. Of the Sting of Bees and their Antidotes.  
APIS, a BEE, a Creature commonly known among us of great use and profit; yet the Sting of it is reputed Poison, Causing, in the part affected, great pain, anguish, inflammation, and swell; or blisters to arise, etc. Yet seldom proves mortal if it proceed only from one simple Bee, unless the party be set on by many. Yet some maintain that if they be taken into the body, the mouth, palate, tongue, throat, stomach, and other parts will be pained, pricked, shoot, and be inflamed, causing a most extreme heat over all the body; But I cannot agree herein with them.  
Quod ad Curationem attinet, Si Aculeus in vulnere fuit relictus, ille ante omnia extrahendus; ubi verò aculeus extractus est, vel si nullus adfuit, plaga abluenda Aqua Salsa: Hinc Cataplasma è farina hordei, Malva, et Plantagine cum Aceto paratum, vel Stercus Bubulum cum Aceto, vel Bolus Armenus cum Aceto et Oleo mistus imponendus: Nasturtium etiam aquaticum tritum et impositum dolorem sedat, ac tumorem d●scutit. Imprimis vero ipsa Animalenla (ut ai● ●araeus Lib. 21. Cap. 26. De Venenis) quae plagam intulerunt trita imposita ●mnem virulenti●●m extrahunt. Prodest & sulphur vivum salvia humana subactum; Item Ruta, Lac, Ficuum, loco affecto imposita Caler in toto Corpore Curatur ut feb. Malig. A●doynus Lib 8. De Venenis Cap. 11. Jubet ut Coriandrum cum saccharo exhibeatur, scribit enim puncturae Apis, item & Vespae esse Bezoar.   

SECTION III Of the Sting of Wasps and their Antidotes.  
VEspa, a Wasp, a Creature no less commonly known then the other; but more noxious, their stink being accounted more poisonous; And that the rather, because it is thought, by some Naturalists, that this kind of ●ly doth usually dip its sting in the venom of Asps and Adders if they find them Dead, whence the Indians learned to dip their Darts and Arrows in poison when they went to war.  
But the worst of the three, are Hornets, nine whereof are thought to be sufficient to kill an Horse; and therefore not unfitly may they be added hereunto.  
The Signs and Cures are the same with the Bee, wherefore, for brevity's sake, I shall shun repetition.    

DIVISION III. Of Poison belonging to SERPENTS.  

SECTION I. Of the Dragon and its Antidotes.  
THirdly of SERPENTS there are likewise Divers poisonous; As 1. Draco the Dragon, a Creature not much known in our parts or Regions, nor in many other parts of the world, & therefore not worth spending much time about; Especially, since most of the Learned will not admit it to be ranked among the number of poisons; yet some think otherwise, in regard it is a Serpent; maintaining, it therefore, poisonous no less than the rest, especially in hot Countries, whence Lucan thus sings Lib. 9  
Vos quoque, qui cunctis innoxia numina terris.  
Serpitis, aurato nitidi fulgore Dracones,  
Pestiferos ardens facit Africa.  
Such as are bitten therewith, are usually Cured in the same manner as they who are bitten by other venomous Creatures, as Mad Dogs before treated of, etc.   

SECTION II. Of the Crocodile and its Antidotes  
CRocodilus the Crocodile as we likewise, ●erm it, an Outlandish Creature also, and venomous (although some have conceived otherwise, and therefore have omitted to mention it among Poisons) for it fills such as are bitten by it, with intolerable pain, inflaming the place extremely, and causing it to swell, as also several black pustules to arise, It causeth likewise Fevers, Cold Sweats, Lipothymia, and such like direful symptoms, and at length Death itself, if not timely prevented.  
The Cure is after the same manner as you have heard already where we spoke of the bite of Mad Dogs; Wherefore, for the Method, as also Medicaments, I shall, here, for brevity's sake, thereunto refer thee.   

SECTION III. Of the Scorpion and its Antidotes.  
SCorpio, a Scorpion, as we vulgarly phrase t; of which there are divers kinds, some being smaller, some greater than others, some likewise are yellow, others brown, a third sort reddish, a fourth green, a fifth ash colour, a sixth black, a seventh white, &c Again, some have no wings, and others again have wings, whence, perhaps, that part of A●thiopia was depopulated, which Pliny mentions, by these winged Scerpions, which fly about in flocks like so many Birds, driving away the Inhabitants of such places in which they pitch; The common colour usually of them is a dark brown or musk Colour. For other differences consult Authors, especially Ardoynus and Grevinus, De Venenis. Our business, in this place, being rather to speak of their venomous quality, then of their divers kinds. They hurt by a prick or sting in their tails most commonly, and some think they have two stings; But however, whether it be so or no, or whether some only are thus furnished; Yet this is most true, one they have, and that so venomous as it causes an extreme pain, not only in the part stung, but also over all the Body, inflaming and swelling such as are any wise therewith struck, causing likewise an universal paleness, trembling, clammy, cold sweats, sometimes burning and extreme hot, at other times so cold, that they think they are environed with Ice; Like him in Benivenius his Family, recorded Cap. 56. De Abditor. as Schenkius Lib. 7. De Venenis, ●ol. 964. And Sennertus Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 14. quote. Their hair stands an end, as Paraeus notes De Venenis, Lib. 21. Cap. 25. Amatus Lucitanus, Cent. 6. Curate. 31. Tells us of a man who being stung in the finger by a Scorpion, was affected with an universal pain over all his Body, and prickings in his skin, as if all his skin were run thorough with Needles. Such also as are stung thereby, are usually molested with Bubo, and Impostumes in the groynes, and under the arms; are prone to vomit, have an hickope, their face is often drawn aside, their eyes run with water, and in the corners of their eyes is much purrulent  matter, they foam at the mouth, and sometimes, have many black spots sprinkled in most parts of their Body; As him recorded by Marcellus Donatus, Hist. Med. Mirabil. Lib. 1. Cap. 9 As Schenkius Loco Citato hath it. The part affected or stung, also, is usually red, emitting certain pustules in form of warts, the whole Body (in short) is distempered and feverish, and at length destroyed if not timely prevented.  
These are the symptoms usually attending the stinging of a Scorpion; Yet many times they are hurtful by entering into people's Bodies, as Omnibonus Ferrarius, Lib. 2. De Art. Med. Infant. Cap. 9 Reports of a Child that was grievously affected by a Scorpion that entered into its Body by the Mouth while it was a sleep, and so died the same day, notwithstanding it was vomited up again. How this kind of Creature should get into the Body of an Infant by the Mouth, especially, if (as some Naturalist hold) they are much of the same magnitude and shape with a pigeons' egg, I shall not here dispute; wherefore why this that Ferrarius mentions, may not be generated in that Infant's Body, as well as that which Hollerius records to be bred in an Italians brain by the frequent smell of the Herb Baziliske, whereby he was not only much tormented with an inveterate Headache for a long time, but at length with Death itself, I know not. Gesner hath likewise such a like instance of a certain young Wench in France that by often smelling to the same Herb, fell into a most insufferable Headache, and incurable; At length dying, and opening her Head, there was found certain Scorpions in her Brain.  
Ambrose Paraeus, De Venenis, Lib. 21. Cap. 25. Affirms they are more or less deadly, according to the Countries they inhabit. Sennertus, Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 14. Says that in temperate Regions, and especially in cold, they are less venomous, and that in Italy they are very dangerous; Yet, Pouzettus in Lib De Venenis, will have those in Italy to be less pernicious than those in France: So doth Pliny likewise attest, that they in Italy are very harmless, and in some parts of Egypt, and other places. Likewise about the Alps as Scaliger in subtilit Cardani, exercit. 198.5. Contends.  
In Curatione Danda opera (ut supra dictum) ne venenum in Corpus penetret, sed è vulnere extrahatur, & ut Cor à veneno muniatur. Ideo membrum, si fieri potest, supra puncturam Arctè Ligandum, vel cucurbitulae parti imponendae, aut saltim medicament. Adstringent. applicand. Aut alio modo ante prescript. Vel, quod Certissimum remedium est (ut Docet Paraeus, Sennertus, & alii Autores) & multiplici experientia comprobatum, ipse Scorpius vivus captus & contritus imponendus, aut vulnus Oleo Scorpionis illinendum: omne enim simile attrahit ad se sibi simile. Unde videamus etiam ab aliis venenis venena extrahi; ut Bubonibus & Carbunculis pestilentibus, ad venenum extrahendum bufones sicci imponuntur. Aetius, Paraeus, & nonnulli Cochleam hortulanam praecipuè cum testa tritam, & plagae impositam confestim Dolorem sedare aiunt. Laudantur etiam, Calamintha Aquatica, Lumbrici, Allium. Item Aetius, Tetrab. 4. Serm. 1. Cap. 19 Hoc mirabile pharmacum nominat ℞. Rutae sylvestris ℥ j in Aceto trit. Cerae, tantundem; & resinae Piniquadrant. liquefact. & affuso oleo, q. s. imponat. Laudatur & Herba Scorpioides si eodem modo sit mist. & imponant. Dioscorides, Lib. 6. Cap. 44. scribit Lac ficulneum in vulnus instillatum percussis praesenti auxilio esse. Velure ℞ E rad. Bryoniae coct. Rutae trit Sem. Vrticae, q. s. cum pauco sulphur & Ol. Veteri. Fiat Cataplasma, plagae imponend. Antequam Topica reitdrentur, id quod saepius fieri debet, abluatur locus affectus aqua, in qua Ruta syvestris, Sulphur, lauri folia, & alia supra enumerata cocta sint. Daniel Sennertus, vult, Dum haec ita vulneri applicantur, statim simul Alexipharmaca, & quae veneno huic adversantur, exhibenda sunt; ut Salvia, Scordium, Absynthium, Agrimonia, Taraxacum, Serpillum, Ocymum, Elaphoboscum, Verbenaca recta, Gentiana, Aristolochia, Baccae Lauri, Sem. Pastinacae sylvestris, ●rifolij, Ocymi, Faeniculi, Raphani, quae vel in substantia, vel in Decocto exhibeantur. Aetius, loco citato, Antidotum sequentem plurimum ad Scorpionis ictum conducere, eaque seipsum usum & servatum fuisse scribit; ut annotat idem Sennertus. ℞. Castorei, succi Cyrenaici, Piperis. An. ℥ ss. Cocti, spici nardi, Croci, succi Centaurii, An. ʒij. Mellis Despumati, q s. Misce; Datur nucis ponticae magnitudme. Velure ℞. Asae faetidae, Rad. Gentianae, An. ℥ ss. Aristolochiae longae, Rotundae, An. ʒij. Sem. Rutae, ʒj. Castorei, ʒss. cum Melle Despumato Fiat Electuarium. Dosis à ʒj. Ad ʒij. cum vino vel Anethi decocto.   

SECTION iv Of the Baziliske.  
BAziliscus, A Creature which we commonly know by the name of Bazilick, mentioned by Galen, Avicenna, Aetius, Dioscorides, Paulus Aeginetus, Pliny, and by an infinite many of our neoterics.  
Some Question whether there were ever any such Creature in the World; Others, on the other side, affirm it. And not only so, but that there are two sorts of them; The one proceeding from the Egg of an old House-Cocke (as they say) and thence is term a Cockatrice. The other is a kind of Serpent, which comes within the verge of our Discourse at this time. And this latter Galen mentioneth in his book De Theriasa ad Pisonem, Fol. 1273. As Lacuta in his Epitome of Galen Delivers it in these words, Baziliscus belua subflava, & triplici frontis apice munita, etc. Affirming, moreover, that the very noise of his hisling, or rays of his sight is of sufficient force to kill a man outright: And that no Creature can touch him and live. Nay Pliny goes on further, not only attesting such a Creature to be in the World; but also that he is so pernicious, that he destroys and kills even Vegetables, as Shrubs, Herbs, and Trees, not by his touch alone, but likewise by his very breath, or steam of his Body: Nat. Hist. Lib. 8. Cap. 21. whence, in the province of Siren, where it is thought by s●me, they are produced, by the baroness of the soil, and deadness of the Trees. business, and Grass, Men know themselves to be near their Dens. A●icen●a likewise mentioneth this Creature and Describes it, ●●lding, that if Birds fly but over ●im within the verge of its steam, they immediately fall down Dead. Grevinus, affirmeth the same Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 18. So doth Nicander, and Aetius, insomuch that all Creatures, Serpents and all, that are likewise venomous eat him as most obnoxious & deadly, so that, by some, he is termed, The King of Serpents; in regard he overcomes them all, and 
‖ Est enim Bazil scus ommum Serpentum venenatissimus, unde procul dubio etiam nemen accepit.  slays them with his very touch although he be dead. Whence the people of Pergamus in Grace (as Selinus records, and, from h●m, divers other Authors) gave a large sum of moneys for the dead Carkats of one, to hang up in the Temple of Ap●llo to drive away Spiders, Birds, and other Creatures from polluting that sacred place. Erasistratus also acknowledgeth such a Creature to be in rerum natara, where he affirms the part affected, or bitten, will turn of a yellowish and golden colour. Paraeus is of the same belief, undertaking (as if he had seen one) to describe it in this manner, He is of the lergth of twelve fingers, with a white spot in his Head resembling a Crown. Sennertus in like manner is persuaded there is such vermin in the World, and the reason he gives, is, because he is 
* Ceterum dari Baziliscum Serpentem negari non potest, cum à tot. Autoribus describatur.  described by so many Authors.  
On the Contrary Opinion, notwithstanding are some others; which at this instant, I shall not spend time nor pains to insert; only show you Cardan's reasons against it, deriding all that hath been already said, and accounting them no better than so many Fictions. Lib. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 16. And he gives these grounds for his assertion.  
1. That Galen confesseth in Li. 1. De simple. Med facultat. Cap. 1. That he never saw any such Creature, nor any Man else that could ever assure him he had seen one, neither did he ever hear of any such Man.  
2. He says it doth not stand with truth or reason, that Nature should produce so noxious, so destructfull a Creature, that might devour and consume all others.  
3. If it be true that with the very sight or sound of its voice, it kills, what man is there can bring news of either its description, or that, indeed, there is any such thing. 4. Rhasis that sc●ntinous, fearcher into nature's mysteries, who, notwithstanding he lived in Africa (where it is reported these Creatures are bread) yet never makes the least mention of them  
But I shall not presume to decide the Controversy; All that I shall say, is, that these reasons may seem to be rational; And on the other side, that many, nay most writers take most (I will not say all) things upon trust, not the least enquiring into the verity thereof. Whence we have such voluminous works, when a little said with truth, is much more to be preferred.  
I shall therefore add only this, that if there be no such Creature, or if there be, according to those places in the Holy Writ, Isa 11.8. & Cap 14.29. & Cap 59 verse 5 Jer. 8.17. we, in these parts, shall never be troubled with the danger or cure of it. And if there is such a thing Erasistratus and Dioscorides (who consenteth with Cardan,) affirm it not so pernicious as they report, since they have prescribed a remedy for it: As, ℞. Castorei, ʒj. cum vino, vel papaveris liquore, & exhibeatur. Or, on the other side, if it be true, that there are such Creatures, and so pernicious; Then, with Aetius, I may well conclude it in vain to prescribe, or think of any Cure against the poison of the Bazilisk, since it kills so suddenly and effectually: and that by the very fight breath, or noise thereof alone.   

SECTION V Of the Salamander, and its Antidotes.  
SAlamandra, or, as we commonly thence phrase it, the Salamander, described by Pliny in his Nat. Hist. Lib. 29. Cap. 4. And Isidorus, Lib. 10. Cap. 47. To be a small Creature, like unto An Ewt, Gesnerus, Ulysses Aldrovandus, and others, say, It is like a Lizard, but every way a little bigger, having its belly white, its back and other parts of the body, black and yellow, spotted and glistering.  
Touching that fond conceit which some have, that it will live in the fire and receive no prejudice; It being condemned 
‖ See Sect 1. Subsect. 3. Memb. 3. This relates to a Book in Manuscript, which although it was intended first for the press, yet this like Pharez hath brokeno●t first.  elsewhere, I shall not spend time, in this place, to make any repetition thereof.  
However, it is a Creature reputed no less poisonous than the rest, not only by its bite, but, as Pliny, Nicander, Paraeus, and others maintain, by a secret property, infects even the every fruit of such trees as it climbs, so that if any chance to eat thereof it proves unto them Mortal, Sennertus therefore (who from those Authors, likewise, affirmeth the same) accounts it no wise less pernicious or destructfull than the Aconite, before mentioned. It is attested also, by some, that it poisoneth all Herbs and other things over which it chanceth to creep: And Paraeus, the which Sennertus seems to confirm, with many more, writeth, that it is no strange matter for whole families to be destroyed by drinking (or eating the meat which hath been Dressed with) the water of such a well or spring in which they have casually fallen.  
Such as are hereby affected, or rather infected, if Death do not immediately seize upon them, are usually molested with unusual Inflammations over the whole Body, natural heat by Degrees decayeth, and is at length extinguished, especially in the member or part affected, and thence it becomes black, patresies and emitteth a certain , purrulent matter. Aetius says, at first there appear many white spots over all the Body, then ●ed, and afterwards black, putrefying the parts so that at length they fall away by peice-meale (as we say) The Hair generally over the whole Man, is made to fall off, especially if the poison continue long in the Body, the speech impedited, the ratiocination, fancy, and all the senses obfuscated, the whole frame, and Constitution subverted, and, at last, by Death confounded and destroyed.  
In Curatione, animadvertendum, Si Salamandrae venenum ore sumptum fuerit, & tum vomitus aqua calida, & oleo, & aliis medicamentis hactenus propositis, provocandus, Vel, Si demorso insertum, & tunlocus quamprimum scarificandus, venenumque vel cucurbitulis, vel aliis modis ejiciendum, aut vulneri cataplasma ex Allio, Saepis, Ruta, sale & melle Confectum calide imponendum. In utroque Casu Alexipharmica necessaria sunt, ac propterea & Mithredatum exhibendum, & Theriaca, In specie ad Salamandrae morsum Paraeus, Lib. De Venenis, Cap. 20. Laudat a Dioscoride Lib. 6 Cap. 4. quae Confirmat Sennert. Resinam pini, aut Galbanum ex melle tinctum, Item grana pin. foliA cupressi, & sem urticae ●●●ino, Decoct●●●que exhibeatur. Praeterea Commendat Sennert. Hectuarium sequen. ut. ℞ ●acear, Juniperi, Assae faetid●, Paperis nigri, A●●●●j. Cast●rei, fol Rutae, Radic. Py●ethri, A●ʒj. Cum mille sp●mato. Dos●is, a ʒj ad ʒij. ●um b●●●tu vim veteris exbubendam. A●g●r in Ci●●●●pe sumat nucleos pini, ●●b●que●hi condiantur cinamomo, Cariophylis, etc. Potus fit vinum vetus, vel lac vac● num cal●dum.   

SECTION VI Of the Viper and its Antidotes.  
VIpera, a 
† A reliquas Serpentibus duobus diff●●t; P●●num est, qu●● 〈◊〉 rel●●ui serpents eva pariant, Viperae vivum faetum exd●dunt, nen quod & nonnulli ex Aristotele, lib●●-De Hist. Animal. Cap. ult. Male inteliecto exist mant, vent●e matris perforate nas●●tur cum so●●● membranis, quibus m●●lvi●ur, corrosis prod●at. Altetum est, quod Aristoteles, lib. 8. Hist. Animal. Cap. 15. Se●bit; Caeten serpents Hy●me in terra V●●e a in saxis latet.  Viper or Adder, as some call it, a Creature no less noxious and poisonous than any of the former by biting; for in their Mouths (as our Naturalists unamously agree) they contain their poison in certain small bladders between their teeth, so that when they by't, the force thereof cau●ing an eruption of those bladders, the poison is thereby conveied into the wound or part bitten. The female Viper is reputed the more dangerous of the two, having more large tusks than the male, and so makes the larger wound; Whence some Authors from Nicander, and Galen, have presumed to affirm the male to have but two tusks, and the female four; But the more rational agree with Angelus Baldus Abbatius that scrutinous searcher into the Nature of that Creature, that both male and female have four tusks, only the females are more firm, long and strong than the males: They may therefore know whether the part affected was bitten by a male or female Viper by the largeness of the wound, but not by the number of the orifices made by the teeth; For the smallness of the males tusks causing the wound to be more obscure, occasioned some to affirm they had but only two tusks. However, if it were so, that were enough to do much mischief; For, such as are therewith bitten, are (as the most Learned & Authentic Authors conclude) molested with intolerable pains, and prickings over all their Body, as also an universal swelling, but first in the part affected, out of which, when the wound is green and newly made, issueth pure blood, than a purrulent filthy matter, and certain blisters arise about the part, as if it had been burned, which argues this Poison to be hot, not cold as some have endeavoured to maintain, because this Creature is actually cold, which argument, if it might be admitted, might as well serve to prove Mercurius Sublimate, Antimony, and other Minerals and poisons Cold, which to affirm, were ridiculous, when all rational Men know they are potentially Hot many of them, although actually, and to the touch they seem to be otherwise. All the parts are generally, especially the Liver, inflamed, and dried, whence they are unsatiably desirous to drink. Some think the whole Body becomes yellow or of a pale colour, Caelius Aurelianus, Antiq. Lect. Lib. 6. Cap. 13. says of a Leek like green, and giveth instance of a Courtier so affected by the bite of a Viper. Sennertus, Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 13. says, according to the disposition of the poison it is sometimes red, someties, pale, sometimes, purpleish, sometimes, black, etc. Adding withal, that sometimes there appears certain black pustules in the member bitten. Brasavela. Com. ad Aph. 62. Lib. 4. Hippo●ratis. Affirms he saw one that was (hereupon) speckled all over his Body with black, and blue spots. Moreover, the patiented bitten by this Creature, is usually molested with intolerable pains, and gripe in the bowels, frequent vomitings of Choler, the stomach is affected with Hickops, the Head with vertiginous and unusual pains, the nose with eruption of blood; the bladder and ureters with suppressions and obstructions, so that there is but little emission of urine; The Lungs with difficulty of breathing; The Heart with faintings and swoundings; The whole Body (in a word) with a burning fever, tremble and cold sweats; And lastly (if not timely prevented) with Death itself. Especially if the patiented bleed at nose, his hands grow cold, his nails pale, his lips greenish, if he tremble over all his Body, be molested with sounding fits; If the wound be large, in summer time, and in an hot Country (for it is thought they are more poisonous in such places then in others) or given when the Viper was enraged or angry, etc. You may assuredly conclude Death to be at hand, and that the patient will not live long, sometimes within seven hours' time after; they seldom linger out to the third day; Nay, the same Brasavola, in loco allegato, tells us he saw one that died by the bite of a Viper within three hours after. And Ambrose ●araeus, Lib. 21. De Venenis, Cap. 16. records out of Mathiolus a remarkable story of a Country man, who as he was mowing a meadow by chance, cut an Adder in two with his sith, which perceiving, and thinking it to be slain, took up that end on which was the head in his hand, fearing nothing, but the enraged Creature turning about its head, bitten him by the finger, the which, he immediately clapped into his Mouth (as the unadvised Custom of Men is to do, if ought hurt them) and sucking out the blood, Immediately, fell down dead-Such an other story is to be found in Amatus Lucitanus, which Gesner of Serpents, Schenckius of poisons, and others record. A certain boy seeing a Viper or Adder in the fields, boasted to his Companions, he could take it up in his hand, and receive no hurt, but they not believing of it, or telling him he durst not, the Lad rather than be thought to speak more than he would do, put forth his hand to take up the Viper, but the venomous Creature, extending its neck, bitten him by the singer very sorely, the which (as you heard before of the Country fellow) he presently put into his Mouth to suck out the blood, and thereby bought his rashness and folly at a dear rate, for not long after, he changed this miserable life for death; there being no medicine, as my Author adds, that could do him any good: yet if he had not put his finger into his mouth he might have been recovered.  
In Curatione, quod de aliorum Anim●lium venenorum morsu dictum, & ●●e faciendum. Tamen hoc venenum u● a●● peculiar. Antididot. habet. Ardoynus. De Venenis, Lib. 6. Cap. 1. Veneni Viperarum, Bezoar Costam esse scribit, a ʒss. ad ʒj. Cum vino Absynthite, vel Decoctionis Absynthij exhibitum. Laudantur & Scylla sub cineribus cocta, Alliis, Porrisque tritis & impositis, Hordei farina cum Accto, Melle & stercore Caprino subacta, impositasque cataplasmatis instar. Quibusdam ex Dioscorid. Lib 6. Cap. 47. exhibent Coaguli Leporin. obol. iij. vinumque frequenter bibendum mandant. Et ita Gesner. Hist. Serpent. Lib. 5. De Vipera, ex relatione Gerardi Bauman. quoque affirmat, Puclla quaedam cum carnem, cui venenum Vipera exemptum erat, fortè gustasset in opisthotonum aliasque gravissima symptomata incidit; Sed mox vinum copiose ei propinatum est, & liberata puella. Nonnulli satis est exemplo lavisse & fovisse plagam Aceto, Sale, & pauco Melle. Mtilis est & radiX Asphodeli, Gemianae, Bryoniae, Aristclochiae Rotundae, Item & Terra sigillata ne● non Radix tormentillae quorum quodlibet vel seorsim, vel plura simul mixta danturʒj. cum vino veteri. ●racastoreus De Contagiosis Morb. Libro 3. Capite. 2. Sic de Radice Tormentillae attestat. Conslat Rusticos quosdam dum fortè secarent herbas demorsos fuisse à Vipera, ac repente inslatos, apposita autem Tormentilla vocata herba supra lo●um, statim liberatos fuisse. Cui si aliquid Rutae addatur, efficacius medicamentum evadit. Galenus Lib. 2. De Antidote. Cap. 14. Ad Viperae morsus, haec epithemata tradit; ℞ Sagapeni, Piperis, liquoris Cyrenaic. opopanicis, An. Part. j Galbani, Sulphuris vivi, An Part. ij. Arida pulverisetur, liquoris in Aceto solvantur, & aridis inijciantur, F. Emplastrum Vel. ℞. Centaurij, Aristolochiae, Rad. Puced. An. Par. Pondus; Pulverisentur, et Aceto ac Galbano excipiantur. Velure ℞ Sagapen, Asae faetidae, Piperis, Opopanicis, An. ʒjj. Galbani, Sulphuris vivi, An. ʒj. Gummi Aceto Dissolvantur, atque iis reliqua pulverisata inspergantur: F. Emplastrum. Item Galenus, De Locis Affectis, Lib. 3. Cap. 7. Scribit se vidisse Rusticum, Cujustotum digitum Vipera momorderat, qui salce, quod tum fortè habebat, ab ultimo articulo ictam partem resecans deinde inducta, usitatis pharmacis in cicatrice nullo sumpto medicamine sanatus est. Inter Composita Paraeus Loco ●●tatato, valde laudat Theriacam Antiquam in Aqua Vitae Dissolutam, vel, Methridatium: ubi sic scribit. Cum Rex Carolus nonus Monspessuli esset, ac in Fargij Pharmacopolae officina Viperam unam tractarem, ipsa extremum indicem, qua inter unguem carnemque hiat, morsu mihi praehendit, unde statim subortus est acer dolor tum partis exquisitissimo sensu praeditae veneni efferi occasione: è vestigio digitum supra vulnus arctissime constrinxi, ut sanguinem, venenumque ne se latius in corpus diffunderet exprimerem. Theriacam Antiquam in Aqua Vitae dissolvi, ex qua intinctum imbutumque bom bycem vulneri imposui, atque intra paucos aies he uno remedio planè convalui: Licet uti & Mitheridatio loco Theriacae. Item & inter Interna exhibentur ab Autoribus Theriaca quae inter composita primas ob●inet, ʒj. vel, ij. pondere, cum vini generosi, ℥ iiij. Cui succedit, Mithridatium: ut Docet Sennertus. Vel. ℞. Radic. Aristoloch. Rotund. Bacc. Laturi Cassiae ligneae, Piperis, An. ʒij C●storei, ʒj. Anisi, ʒss. folior. Rutae sylvestris, ʒj. ss. Pulverisentur omnia, & cum Melle despumato redigantur, in formam Electuarij. Dossis a ʒj. Ad ij. cum haustu vini. Mathiolus, in Com. super praefat. Lib. 6. Dioscoridis, ex Antidoto quadam, quam ibi describit, aquam parat, cujus tantas vires esse praedicat, ut ea non solum à demorsu Viperis, quod duabus Histories probat, sed etiam à quocunque Animali veneno ictos sanare; Imò in tanto mortis discrimine constitutos, ut visum, vocem, et reliquos sensus amiserint, ingenti Astantium admiratione, à longo veluti somno excitare, et à morte ad vitam revocare possit. Dossis illius Aquae sunt ʒiiij. vel per se, vel cum Aquae alicujus distillatae Cor●ialis, vel vi●a Oderati pari quantitati.   

SECTION VII. Of the Dryinus and its Antidotes.  
7. DRyinus, is a most hurtful and venenious Serpent or Worm, bred as some think a● ther●o● of an Oak. So pernicious that, as Galen, Lib. De Theria●●, ad Pisonem contends, if any chance at 〈◊〉 war●s to tread upon it, it excoriateth the so●le of the foot, and causeth the leg to swell, nay and hurts the hand no less that toucheth it; the which Sennertus confirms, Pract. Med Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 11. Adding that it offends also by biting, nay and so forcibly, that Men are killed thereby; Likewise that the very savour thereof is of sufficient power to deprive Men of their senses. The common signs of such as are poisoned by the bite of this Creature are these; There usually issueth (as the Learned have noted) out of the wound a kind of black, , and purrulent blood, after which the part or member affected swells exceedingly, and about the wound ariseth certain blackish pustules, grievous pains accompanies, and macerates the whole Man, the skin is generally, Dry, rough and hard. The stomach is molested with vomitings, and hickops, and that which is cast up, is, for the most part Choler or Blood; Extreme thirst, likewise tormenteth the party, and intolerable pains and gripe in the bowels; All the natural actions are so impedited, and destroyed, that there is no emission of either urine or the feces of the belly; Neither are the Vitals less affected, for they can neither breathe nor speak without great difficulty; and the Heart is subject to swoundings and faintings: and the Animal faculties, also, are so confounded and molested, that there follows not only a depravation & dimness of sight, but likewise Frenzies, Dotage, Delirium, and madness. In a word the whole Man Body and Soul, with all its operations Vegetal, Vital, and Animal, are thereby destroyed, so that the whole lump becomes odious, and the very exhalations and breathe through the ●ores extremely offensive. And lastly, if not maturely prevented, brings Death and utter Destruction.  
Curatio Petatur ex iis, quae supra De Viperae morsu dicuntur. In specie tamen ad Dryini morsus commendantur Origanum, ut Docet Sennertus, item trifolium & marubium, vel e●rum succus; Radix item Aristolochiae, nec non glandes cujuscunque quercus concisae, et cum vino generoso sumptae; Eaedem quoque Contusae et cum Melle mixtae, extra, plagae imponantur. Dolorem leniunt etiam ilicis radices tusae et applicatae.   

SECTION VIII. Of the Serpent Stellio and its Antidoces.  
STellio, is a kind of Lizzard; which, because it hath certain spots upon its back like stars, it hath its name Stellio, à Stella a Star De Stellione, Ita scribit Galenus, in Libro De Theriaca ad Pisonem; Stellio visus à Scorpionibus, substringit ipsos et perimit. It is, likewise, very pernicious to Mankind, as well by biting them, as by being eaten by them, or the water, Drink or other liquor in which they are by chance drowned. For either of these ways it causeth in Man, no less, but the very same symptoms, as you have heard before of Cantharideses; Wherefore, for brevity's sake, I shall not here make the least Repetition.  
Et in Curatione, sive venenum Stellionis haustum, & ore sumptum, sive morsu Communicatum fuerit, Alexipharmaca nullo modo negligenda, sed ea, quae contra Serpentum morsus hactenus proposita sunt, usurpanda.   

SECTION IX. Of the Asp and its Antidotes.  
ASpis, an Asp, a Creature so poisonous that Nicander affirms it to be the most venomous of all other Serpents; whence perhaps it is Sennertus when he treats of the Poisons of Serpents, gins with the Asp. But however, whether compared with the rest it be the worst or no, this is most certain, it is a Deadly Poison; or, as Moses ●●ut. 32.33. Terms it, a Cruel Venom. For, if it chance to fall upon any member of a Man or Woman (although they were not ●●ten) i● becomes thereby immediately inflamed, ●ed and angry, molests the whole M●n, and causeth Death itself if not timely prevented; nay and all the symptoms that follow upon their bite, though not altogether so forceable. As, their heads that are herewith i●●ten, are, for the most part, heavy, and ●ail, their foreheads molested with convulsive switching, their ●lyes and sight is obsu●cated and darkened; their eyelids and theeks tremble; they are sleepy and drowsy, subject to ●upors and soporificall distempers: Their whole senses are perverted and confused; their face is generally pale; often yaune and reach; Their whole Body is possessed with frigidity and chillness, and at length slain by the King of fears, if not immediately prevented. So dangerous, so cruel, so deadly is this poison of the As●e, that many think it is incurable; Paraeus and others, think one wounded herewith can continue with life but the third part of a Day; But this, Sennertus, and the Learned, say is various according to the nature and difference of the kind of Asp: for Galen Libro Citato Ad Pisonem, speaks of three sorts of Asps, the one he calls Hirundinaceus; the second, Terrestris; the third, Pryas: The first of which kills so suddenly and effectually, that it is thought to be incurable. The other in three or four hours' time: The third, a little more slowly. The truth is, the most mild, is sufficiently malignant and mortal; and that the rather, because its wound is so small, that it is hardly Discernible. As, some writ no bigger than the eye of a needle; insinuatingly hurting and destroying the lives of such as they wound, and yet hardly seem to make any impression or breach upon the Body; As backbiting, slandering, and flattering people do their Neighbours: whence the Apostle Saint Paul alluding to the nature of this Creature, Rom. 3. And speaking of the wicked seems to strike at such malicious tale-bearers and slanderers, Verse 13. Where he says, Their Throat is an open Sepulchre, with their Tongues they have used deceit, the poison of Asps is under their Lips. The wound that is made by these Creatures, doth commonly grow angry and inflamed, but doth not swell, little blood issueth out of it, and that of Colour black. It affecteth the stomach also with pains, The speech and sight is presently lost, the whole Man immediately languisheth, a cold sweat possesseth all the parts, palpitation of the heart, and Death itself, as hath been said, in a very few hours, as that good man was in every particular taken, recorded by Schenkius, Lib. 7. De Venenis, Fol. 962. And so within four hours Dyed.  
Curatio in g●nere, petatur ex ijs, quae supra De Viperae morsu Dicebantur. In specie tamen commendatur Theriaca, vel Mithridatium in vino vel Aceto dissolute ad vuln. Abluend. Item pars Aspidis sputo infecta urina puerorum impubium, v●l spiritu vini, in quo Theriaca disso luta sit, frequenter abluenda. Vel. ℞. Folia thap si barbari Caryophilatae, Leucoij rubri, pari pon●●re, quae in Aceto acerrimo, & sani hominis urina bulliant, ad partis laesae fotum.  
Quanquam si ab ictu multum tempus jam sine remedio exactum sit, omnino satius, & certius esse, si aeger ejus decocti ℥ iij. je junus duabus ante pastum horis hauriat. Aegyptij, ut scribit Sennertus in frequenti usu contra venenum hoc habent, Acetum vini copiose sumptum. Utilis est & Gentiana ac Castoreum cum vino vel Aceto propinata. Item Celsus De remed. Lib. 5 Cap. De Aspidis ictu. Valdè laudat Acetum, ubi scribit; Puer cum ab Aspide ictus esset, & partion ob ipsum vulnus, partim ob immodicos aestus siti premeretur, ac locis siccis alium humorem non reperiret, Acetum quod forte s●cum habebat ebibit, & liberatus est. Cre●● quoniam id, quamvis refrigerandi vim ●abet, tamen habet etiam dissipandi. Q●o fit ut Terrae respersa eo sumet. Eadem ●●go vi verisimile est spissescentem quoque intus humorem hominis ab eo discuti, & sic dari sanitatem. Idem sentit Hyronimus ●●crc●rialis ut patet in Lib. 2. De Venenis, Cap. 3. his verbis; Marcus Varro dum 83. aetatis Annum ageret, scripsit, urinam commorsi ab Aspide potam singularissimum esse remedium Adversus venena Aspidis. Sed illud certissimum est Aegyptiorum inventum et experimentum Acetum, quo copio sius potetur utilius esse ●e● in genere ven●●i. Et narrat Plinius Lib. 23. Cap De Aceto, fuisse quendam ab Aspide commorsum va● Aceto plenum gestantem, quod quam primum deposuisset, statim incipi. ebat, illico omnis dolour & malum cessabat, ut intelligi possit Acetum esse singulare remedium adversus h●e venenum. Vel, si velis à Sennerto, ℞ Radic. Aristoloch. Rotund Gentianae, Anaʒ j f●lior. Rutae, Pug. ij Castorei, Cassiae Lign. Anaʒ j Sem. Anisi, Citri excortie. Anaʒ j ss. F. Pulvis. Dossis a ℈ j adʒ j cum vino, vel Aceto. Veneni Aspidis Bezoar Rutam else, seribit Ardaynus ●b 6. De Venenis, Cap. 4.   

SECTION X. Of the Serpent Natrix and its Antidotes.  
NAtrix is likewise a most pernicious and destructive Serpent, for the most part and commonly called by An hours Hydrus; yet many name it according to the place and time of its appearance; As, if it be found upon the earth in the Summer or Autumn, it is called Chersybres, in the Winter or Spring, in the water, Amphybium● of which, the former, is much more poisonous and dangerous than the latter: or, more plainly, when it is found upon the earth it is reputed more venomous than when it is found in the water. For Chersydri, or such as are found in the earth, are recorded, by several, from Apollodorus, to be of force sufficient to kill any Man that toucheth them even when they are dead. The symptoms that usually follow upon the bite of these Creatures is much the same which you have before heard of the Viper, only they kill more suddenly or as soon, within three hours' time Ardoynus Contends. The Cure is likewise the same with that of the Viper; wherefore to avoid Tautology I shall thither refer thee.   

SECTION XI. Of the Serpents Amphysbaena and Scytale, with their Antidotes.  
AMphysbaena & Scytale. These are Serpents so called by the Learned; And because they are so like one the other, And therefore Authors have joined them together, I shall not here, at this time, put them asunder: especially since they are, also, both alike hurtful. Herein only they differ, Amphysbaena moves both forward and backward (whence by some) it is thought it hath its name; But Scytale moveth only forward, and is something thicker than the Amphysbaena. It is reported also of this latter, that if a Woman with Child do but cross it she shall miscarry or be in great danger in Childbed. Such as are bitten by either of these kinds of Serpents, are molested, in the part affected, with grievous and intolerable pains, inflammations, redness, swell, and sometimes impostumes, Nay and there follows all those horrid signs and symptoms which you have read before where we spoke of the Viper; which, because the Cure is likewise the same, I shall not here again reiterate, but, for brevity's sake, refer thee thereunto.   

SECTION XII. Of the Haemorrhous and its Antidotes.  
Haemorrhous or Haemorhus, as Galen hath it, in Lib. De Theriaca, ad Pisonem, adding it to be so pernicious and such an enemy unto Mankind that whosoever is bitten thereby, bleeds not only by the wound, but also by the Mouth, Nose, and all other evacuations of the Body; whence it is thought by most it had its name. Paraeus, Sennertus, and others say it causeth the member to grow black, by extinguishing natural heat, and to swell; then follows a pain of the stomach, and difficulty of breathing; Depraving of the voice, hindering the passage of the urine; Hurts the memory; putrifies the gums; and causeth the teeth to fall out of the Jaws; and at length poureth out the Soul, that Death itself ensues. Moreover, according to those Verses in Lucan and Lucretius, recorded by Gesuer, Schenkius, and Sennertus, blood doth not only issue as Galen notes, out of the Mouth and Note, but out of the Eye, also, Ears, and every other passage and hole in the Body; nay from the very Gums, roots of the Nails, and sometimes from old wounds, etc.  
Impressit dentes Haemorrhois Aspera Tullo,  
Magnanimo inveni, miratorique Catonis,  
Vtque solet pariter totis se effundere signis  
Corycij pressura Croci: sic omnia membra  
Emisere simul rutilum pro sanguine virus.  
Sanguis erant lachrymae: quaecunque foramina novit.  
Humour, ab ijs largus manat cruor: ora redundant,  
Et patulae nares, sudor rubet: omnia plenis  
Membra fluunt venis: totum est pro vulnere Corpus.  
Of the same accident Gorgius Pictorius thus sings,  
Impressit dentes: Haemorrhois Aspera Tullo,  
Magnanimo, fluxu sanguinis et periit.  
Over and above all which, there follows vomitings, Diarrhaea, and deadly Convulsions.  
Curatio ut Docet Paraus primo quidem membrum laesrm, si absque vita dispendio id fieri potest, abscindendum; Aut s● id sacere non liceat, Cucurbitula scarificata adhibenda, vel Canterio actuali pars adurenda. Postea etiam medicamenta venenum ex alto evocantia, applicentur. A●tius impone● Cataplasma ex foliis vitis coctis tritis cum Melle, & foliis portulacae cum polenta. Vel è porro, urtica & ruta coctis & contusis, addita farina hordei it Albumine Ovi, Fiat Cataplasma parti demorsae imponendum. Laudantur & medicamenta sanguinis impetum sistendi vim habentis, qualia sunt Tormentilla, Bursa Pastoris, Portulaca, Plantago, Bolus Armenus, Lapis Hamatites, Terra sigillata, quibus, semper aliquid Theriacae adijcere utile est. Commendatur & praeterea, Allium et Theriaca praesertim recens; Item & uvae passae, ac rubi fructus.   

SECTION XIII. Of the Serpent Seps, and its Antidotes.  
SEpedon, or Serpent Seps, so called, as Paraeus and the most rational agree, because it immediately putrefies the part it biteth: so violent and noxious is its poison; Nay Sennertus affirms, that most Writers think it to be the Deadliest venom that is, putrefying any member of a Man, that doth but touch it; And kills within three or four Days, as common experience evinceth. However all agree, that it causeth, by its bite, extreme pain in the part affected. Pausanius, and, from him Sennertus, Paraus, Grevinus, Ardoynus, and the rest, affirm, that when the wound is green, or newly made, there issueth forth pure blood, but afterwards, most filthy, corrupt, purrulent matter, exceeding . The part affected and putrefied becomes white, and within a short time the whole Body, so putrefying along as it goes, that it consumes the very skin, and flesh, causing the hair to fall off by peice-meal, resolveth the spirits, and destroys life, if not timely prevented.  
The Method for Cure, both in general and particular, is the same which hath been showed of the Viper.   

SECTION XIV. Of the Serpent Cerastes and its Antidotes.  
CErastes, a Serpent so called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cornis signifying a Horn, because it is reported by our Naturalists, to have two horns upon its head, like unto a Rams; a very poisonous and dangerous Creature it is also; but not so bad as the former two: yet the member thereby bitten swelleth in nobs and nodes, not unlike to the head of a tenpenny nail: out of the wound made thereby, there issueth a purrulent matter, sometimes, pale and whitish, and sometimes, again black: the whole Body becomes black and blue; The Mind and Fancy become disturbed; The Eyes wax dim; The Lips swell; And about the Groin is intolerable pain, through retraction of the Nerves: genitale intenditur; The whole strength of the Body is at last wasted, and Life itself subverted. Yet, many times, they linger out till the ninth Day.  
De Curatione, ea quae contra Serpentum morsus, hactenus proposita sunt, usurpanda. Ut Consistit in m●mbri laesi Amputatione, si locus membri & conditio id patiatur; quod si sieri non posset, omnis caro circa locum affectum abscindatur, vel, ad minimum, profunde scarificetur; cu●urbitulisque appositis sanguis copi●sius eliciatur: Et ●laga Aqua Vitae, in Aqua Theriaca dissoluta sit, abl●atur; vel Cauterio Actuali locus Aduratur, etc.   

SECTION XV. Of the Serpent Dipsas and its Antidotes.  
DIpsas, it is a kind of Snake called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks, à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, sitio, to thirst; because, by its bite, it so dries up and consumes the moisture, and humours in a man, that they become exceeding thirsty that are thereby offended: And so Dye thirsty, as Galen notes, Lib. De Theriaca ad Pisonem. Sennertus, thinks this extreme drought ariseth from the ardent quality of the poison, above measure inflaming the whole Man, growing so much the more thirsty, by how much the more they drink, for the uretery passages being so dried and shrivelled up, that the drink they receive cannot pass through, it is conveied through and into the Veins, throughout the Body; or into the Cavity of the belly, whence it becomes thereby so extended, that sometimes about the groynes, it breaks.  
In C●ratione nota; Dip●●●● morsui eadem quae reliquorum Se●●●●tum ac Vipe●atum morsui, conven●●●●●●●●●me●●a & externa, & interna. Tamen p●●●ter illa, quia demorsi plu●●●●● bibunt, ●t potus ille per vias urina● non ev●●●●●, Diuretica exhibenda è Sem. 4. srigid. ●a●or. Radic. Aperientib Resta b●vis, Ch●●●● lio, B●●sa pastoris Fragiss, N●c●●is, ●●●co●. Horde●, & similibus. Plura vide apud A●t●m Tetrab. 4. Serm. 1. Cap. 22. Ardoy●●m Lib 6. De Venenis, Cap. ● Gr●vinum l●b. 1. De Venenis, Cap. 14 etc.   

SECTION XVI. Of the Serpent Cenchris and it Antidetes.  
CEnchris, which likewise, is a Serpent extremely venamous and permtious, killing, by the very poison of his bite, without speedy remedy be applied, in three days time; Causing moreover, curing the time, divers grievous and fearful symptoms; As, the Belly is filled with water, the nature of the Poison being to dissolve, and pour out the humours thereinto, whereby it is swollen, and puffed up; The flesh languisheth and flaggeth; the head grows heavy; all the senses are propense to sleep; and an alienation of the mind follows; The part affected swells; out of the wound there issueth a , purrulent matter, sharp and acride, whereby the sore spreads, and the skin is exulcerated, etc. Besides, most of the Ancients maintain, from the testimony of Erasistratus, it hath a peculiar property in offending the Liver; the Intrall called the Jejunum which is the second Intrall of those they term Small; and the Neck. Curatio petatur exiis, quae supra De Viperae morsu dicetur.   

SECTION XVII. Of the Lizzard and its Antidotes.  
LAstly Lacerta, a Lizzard, a Creature very frequent and common in the judies, as Acosta, and others note; and reputed by divers to be inoffensive; and no question, some sort of them are altogether harmless, as common experience evinceth, and the unanimous assertion of all Travellers into those parts: who will moreover tell you of their strange love and affection which they bear to Men; But I shall not insist on that in this small Tract. Another sort there are, which Sennertus thinks to be (though not to be so bad as the rest before mentioned) pernicious, and something poisonous, as appears by the symptoms that follow upon their biting of Men. As, the part affected is grievously pained; out of the wound, which is newly made issueth pure blood at first, but afterwards most abominable corruption; the flesh about the by't turfs pale, and putrefies; And also exceedingly swells. And that you may know the by't of a Lizzard from other Creatures, there following many times the same symptoms, take notice they always leave their teeth in the wound or member bitten, as the Learned teach.  
Curatio in genere perficitur, ut antea dictum est De Vipera. In specie tamen, ut dentes in vulnere relicti ●acilius excidant, locum Oleo & Aqua calida fricare oportet; postea Cucurbitulas ei applicare, etc. Prodest etiam Spongiam Aceto calido imbutam morsui imponere, Locumque Butyro, Sale & Melle mixtis inungere: Emplasirum ex Allio & soliis Maluae coclis & contusis, furfuribusque cribratis, & oleo Rosaceo paratum; vel Cataplasma ex panis Triticei medul● la, cum dec●cto Rutae, Calaminthae, Alu et Gentianae confectum, applicare. And thus much of the Poison of Serpents.    

DIVISION FOUR Of Poisons BELONGING TO FISHES.  

SECTION I. Of the Torpedo and its Antidotes.  
FOurthly, there are certain Poisons proceeding from Fishes, As, 1. T●rpedo, a Fish so called, eo quod Corpus torp●scere faciat, si eam quisquam viventem tangat, because it benumeth and astonieth the Body or member which toucheth it whilst it is ●live; Although when it is dead, As Galen ●●res, Lib. 3. De ●limentis, Cap. 34. it may be eaten: through a secret property in this ●reature. Nay it is of that numbing quality, that it not only aston●eth the Body or member touching it, but even the Arms of the fishermen that strike them with their long Poles, and come no nearer them, as Galen evinceth, Lib. De usu Res●irationis, Item in Lib. 6. De locis affictis, Cap 5. Et in Lib. 11. De simplicium medicam●●●●●m sac ultatibus, Cap 49. The which is confirmed by every Writer. And over and above this they are no less dangerous to them that take them accidentally with other sisi m nets; As Sennertus demonstrates, out ●f Ar●st●tle, Lib. 9 De Hister. Animal. Cap. ●7. Adding withal, that it dilates into the whole Body, overthrows the strength, brings an universal trembling over all the Body, and he ●iness; which Scaliger, likewise confirms, in Exercitat. 218.8. Ad Subtilit. Cardan. And Gesner, Lib. 4. Hist. Animal. Cap. De Torpedine, from Albertus, tell us of one that was scarce well again in half a years time, notwithstanding all convenient means was applied and daily used, so as to have the use of his hand and arm, only by touching one with his singer a little, although he twitched away his hand again suddenly.  
They further report of this Creature, that have adventured to speak of it, that it catcheth the ●●sh it delights to eat, and preys upon by hiding itself in the mud from them and stupefying them, not being able otherwise to catch them through the slowness of its motion, wanting sins; And that this is so apparent, since, as the Learned contend, it is often seen the mullet hath been found whole in their bellies, notwithstanding it be a Fish of admirable Celerity. Si quis liquorem Cyrenaicum manu teneat, eum nihil à Torpedine mali pati. Aelianus, De Histor. Animal. Lib. 5. Cap. 17. Author est▪ Quae si ita sese habent, procul dubio etiam hic liquor ad torporem & stuporem à Contactu ●orpedinis inducturu, utilis erit. Alexander Aphrodisaeus, initio problemat. Trigli, quam mullum vocant, carnem hujus veneni remedium esse docet. Ad Torporem ctiam à Torpedine inductum utilis est Theriaca, si ʒij. pondere, cum vino Absynthite exhibea●ur. Vel, Coquatur Absynthium; Ruta, Gentiana, folia lauri in vino, decoctumque exhibeatur. Vel, ℞. Sem. Vrticae, Nausturtij, Dauci. Ana ʒj. ss. Piperis nigri, Castorei, An. ℥ j F. Pulvis. Cujus ʒj. Cum vino generoso exhibeatur. Aeger quoque in balneo saepius sudet. Membrum stupidum fricetur pannis Asperis, & fomentetur vino, in quo Salvia, Calamintha, Ruta, Chamaemelum, Hypericum cocta sint. Ex eiisdem etiam balneum parari potest. Postea illinatur locus affectus oleo rutaseo, Costino, quibus aliquid spiritus baccar. juniperi admixtum sit.   

SECTION II. Of the Sea-Deagon an● its Aatidotes.  
DRaco Marinus, the Sea Dragon is likewise a ●ish that may be eaten, astording, As, Sennertus' write●, no unlaudable nourishment; yet, as mo●t, nay all Authors agree that have adventured to mention, or have spoken of this Creature, It hath certain pricks, especially in the gills under the throat (and back as some of them contend) that are poisonous, causing most insufferable pain in the part assected, inflaming, and swelling of it, And, if not timely prevented, causeth it to Gangrene; Moreover it puts the party into a leaver, bringeth swooning sits, and Death itself, if proper means be not forthwith applied; As Lieutenant Monsieur Barg●l●rmes wife did, mentioned by Paraeus; wherefore, as the same Author notes Lib. 21. De V●n●nis Cap 31. recited also, from him, by Schenkius ●●i. 7. De Venenis, fol. 955. The fishmonger's at Rouen in France use not to lay them upon stalls till they have cut off their heads: neither, in that Nation, if any come to the Hands of a Cook with their Heads on, do they serve them up to Table till they are beheaded: The better to prevent those horrid symptoms before related that usually follow upon a prick from their gills.  
In Curatione, ut venenum immissum, eplaga eliciatur, membrum laesum Aquae Calidae immergendum, scarificandum, eique cucurbitulae, vel Hirudines applicandae. Hunc piscem dissectum, suoque vulneri impositum remedio esse scribit Dioscorides; Idem praestat Mulli Caro ut annotat. Rondeletius, De piscibus, Lib. 10. Cap. 11. Utile est et Cataplasma ex Caepe sub Cineribus cocta, fermento, vel Serpillo trito, & pauca Theriaca paratum. Vel Aqua Vitae in Aqua Theriaca dissoluta sit, linteis duplicatis imponenda. Fursures tritici cum Aqua Calida in massam redacti, et loco laeso saepius de die impositi, Dolores in hoc Casis mirè mitigant. Ut Docet Sennertus. Idem affirmat Paraeus ubi scribit his verbis; Non ita pridem uxor Fromagetij, Curiae libellorum supplicum scribae, hujus piscis A●ul●oicta est in digito medio; istum subsecuti sunt partis tumor et rubor, sine non magno dolore. Cum videret tumorem in horas augeri, vicinae suae ●voris Praegelonij rerum privatarum juridici comitialis, quae ex simili casu neglecto paulo ante interierat, periculis facta cautior, me accersit, ego intellecta morbi Causa digito dolenti totique pariter manui Cataplasma imposui ex crassiore caepa sub prunis Cocta, Fermento, et pauca Theriaca. Postero die jussi ut manum totam demergeret in Aquam Calentem, ad venenum for is eliciendum, mox multiplici scarificatis, sed superficiario, eutem in ambitu divisi, divisionibus hirudines apposui, suctu detracto sufficienter sanguine, Theriacam in Aqua Vitae dissolutam admovi. Sequenti die detumu●rat manus dolore plane expers, paucisque post di●bus plane convaluit. Dum Haec circa partem affecta peraguntur; Statim etiam Alexipharmaca propinanda. Dioscorides, Lib. 6. Cap. 45. (ut contendit Sennertus) Absynthium, Salviam, & sulphur cum Accto mistum exhibet. Prodest etiam Theriaca ad Mithridatium cum Absinthii Aqua aut decocto exhibitum. Pastilloes ex Bryonia et eruo, cum vino potos Aetius, Tetrab 4. Serm. 1. Cap. 39 à Dracone Marino ictis mirè Conducere scribit.   

SECTION III. Of the Sea-Ray, or Pastinaca and its Antidotes  
PAstinaca Marina, the Sea Sting-Ray, A Fish, that as Galen in Lib. 9 De Alimentis, Lib. 8. De simplicium Medicamentorum facultatibus, And other places of his works, notes; is fit for food and may be eaten: yet their heads and tails are poisonous, at least the sting in their tail, and their gills or sp●ikles about their head; 
Of the Sea-Ray, or Pastinaca, and its Antidotes.  for gills (to term properly) they have not, being shaped flat like a flounder; Some of them have two stings, if we may believe the testimony of many Writers: However, I shall not insist upon that, one is enough to prove extremely destructive and pernicious, killing not only Men, but other living Creatures; Paraeus tells us of from Aetius, and others they kill fish with their sting, and so prey upon them: And Vidius Vidus, Med. Pract. 2. Sect. Libr. secundo Cap. 8. Tells us of a Woman that unadvisedly washing this fish, and pricking her hand with its sting, did in a short time die therewith: Nay it will kill even the largest and biggest, as also the most flourishing Trees, if they be but touched therewith or pricked, causing the leaves to fall off, and the body itself to waste by degrees, as Aelianus, De Animal. Lib. 8. Cap. 16. observes. And Oppianus writes, that the sting of this fish is more venomous than the Persians Arrows: affirming, moreover, that the force of the poison remaineth after they are dead: whence it is that such as catch them bereave them immediately of their sting. Yet Pliny, Nat. Hist. Li. 7 Ca 48. Confidently assures us, that it is good against the pains of the teeth, by scarifying the gums therewith; nay, and, that the powder thereof alone, or mixed with white Hellebor, being laid upon any tooth will cause it to come forth. But I will not here make Digression, wherefore to our business. Such as are thereby stung, or prick●, Have, as Aetius, and others from him conclude▪ intolerable pains in the part affected, and numbness over the whole Body; The member is much extended and swelled; very black about the wound, issuing forth, if it be crushed, purrulent, black, thick, and saetid matter; especially if there be any Nerve touched, there followe● frequent Convulsions of the whole Body, weariness, stupor, and Death itself.  
In Curatione, nota, quod omma quae Viperarum morsibus medentur, etiam Pastinacae Marinae vulneribus adhiberi possunt. In specie tamen Aetius, Tetrab 4. Serm. 1. Cap. 37. furfures Aceto Coctos, & pro Cataplasmate impositos, ut & Acetum affusum pro foru valde prodesse scribit. Item vulneri, vel Hepar Pastinacae, vel Radij Cinis cum Aceto, vel ipsa Pastinaca divulsa imponatur. Rondelentius & sic curavit Rusti●um, de quo mentionem facit ex eo Gesnerus Lib. 4. De Historia Animalium, Pag 801. ut annotat Schenkius Lib. 7. De Venenis, fol. 954. Item narrat Sennertus, Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 41. Applicentur alii, Cataplasmata attrahentia, quae parantur ex Sulphur vivo, Radic. Bryoniae, Marubio, Foliis lauri, Salvia, & similibus, cum urina veteri subsubactis. Vel imponatur fermentum acidum cum pice liquida emollitum, vel è nitro sinapi, Sale Ammoniaco ex sulphur, ac Acet● forti, Fiat Linimentum, Plagae inungendum. Plinius, Contra Pastinacam Marinam, & omnium Marinorum ictus vel morsus, Libro 28. Cap. 11. Nat. Hist. Coagulum Leporis, vel Haedi, vel Agni, ʒj. pondere prodesse tradit. Item in Libro 32 Cap 5. Contra eundem etiam prodesse Mullum in Cibo sumptum, scribit. Vtilia etiam sunt Scordium, Rosmarinus, Salvia in vino cocta, vel è Myrrhae, Piperis, Costi Amari, Rad. Bryoniae, Partibus aequalibus, fiat Pulvis, Cujusʒj. ex vino exhibeatur. Vel propinentur ʒij. Theriacae Andromachi cum vino. Velure ℞ (ut Docet Sennertus) Costi Amari, Myrrhae, Rad Gentianae, Aristoloch. Long. Zedoariae, An. ʒj. Sem. Pastinacae sylvestris, Anisi, Ammios, An. ℈ ij. Granor. Mastiches, Spicae, Piperis, Rutae, Croci, An. ʒss. Cum Melle despumato, F●at ●lectuarium. Et nota quod simul cum externa applicentur, Alexipharmaca exhibere oporter.   

SECTION iv Of the Sea-Dogg and its Antidotes.  
CAnis Marinus, the Sea-Dogg, a Creature carrying a Gall, no less dangerous and destructive than any other part of those Creatures before mentioned. For, it is so deadly a poison, that even one grain weight, is of weight enough sufficient (being taken into the Body), to deprive a Man of his Life within seven day's time, if not opportunely prevented; As Sennertus Contends out of Ardoynus, Lib. 4. De Venenis, Cap. 17. and others confirm it: Concluding, that, in the Interim, it causeth, likewise, these horrid symptoms following. As, a most grievous stinking mouth and breath, an universal Ictericious Colour, oryellowness over all the Body; And a kind of gonorrhaea, or unvoluntary effusion of the sperm, etc.  
In Curatione Laudantur Gentianae Rad. sive in substantia ʒij. pondere cum Butyro sumantur, sive decoctum exea paretur, & Butyrum in eo dissolvatur, & singulis diebus bis ℥ iiij sumantur. Corpus inungatur Oleis vel Balsamis Aromaticis suaveolentibus.   

SECTION V Of the Sea-Hare and its Antidotes.  
LEpus Marinus, the Sea-Hare, an ugly deformed and poisonous Creature; as most Authors contend. Nicander, Dioscorides, Galen, Paulus Aeginetus, Aetius, with the rest of the Ancients; And, from them, Rondeletius, Sennertus, Paraeus, and other neoterics, all unanimously agree it not only to poison and destroy people that eat it, but likewise such as do but look upon it, are strangely affected. Instancing in Women that are with Child, who fall immediately into vomitings, and go near to miscarry, if they do but look upon one steadfastly. Such as have eaten or drank this poison, as Dioscorides notes, are extremely tormented in their Bellies, their urine is stopped for the most part, and if any be evacuated, it is bloody, Their sweat is offensive, stinking, and smells of fish; They vomit many time's Choler, and that mixed with blood. Aetius adds their Bodies are generally yellow and as if they were ictericall, and then turns of a Leadenish Colour; their faces swell; and their feet, but especially their genitals, and hath a peculiar property, as Galen Lib. 1. De Compositione Medicamentorum secundum genera, in initio, observes, to exulcerate the Lungs especially, and at length brings Death itself.  
In Curatione, primo danda opera, ut venenum Corpori communicatum foras eliciatur, iis modis, qui hactenus saepius sunt proposit●. Ut quamprimum sit assumptus vel Vomitis, si adhue in ventriculo ressitet, reijciendus, vel si ad intestina descenderit, vel injecto Clystere, velpurgante medicamento ore assumpto, citiam paulo fortiore educendus. In quem usum commendantur pillulae è Scammonij, Elebori nigri, Agarici, sueci Glycyrrhizae & Tragacanthae aqualibus partibus paratae, & ʒj. poudere exhibitae. Antidote. Loco exhibeatur Lac Asininum, vinum cum melle paratum, vel decodum è malua. Laudantur & sangis. Anserum et Galli, Resinum Cedri oboli pondere cum vino sumptum Leporis Marini Alexipharmacum esse tradunt; Alij, hujus veneni Bez●articum, Triglam esse aiunt. Vtilia sunt & mala Punica; decoctum item è virga pastoris, Plantagine, et Calamintha montana paratum, &c   

SECTION VI Of the Sea-Scorpion and its Antidotes.  
SCorpio Marinus, the Sea-Scorpion, so called, not that it is of the same form and shape with the Land-Scorpion; But because it stings and conveys the poison as the Land-Scorpion doth, though not out of the same part, for the Scorpion offends by its sting in its tail, but the Sea-Scorpion by its prickles about its Head and back, the Head especially, so that it can hardly be touched without much danger; wherefore Men are usually forc'r, that take them, to lay hold of their tail, or the lower part of their back.  
Such as are wounded by any of these pricks, do usually sustain insufferable pain in the member hurt, which afterwards dilates itself; As Alsaharavius records of himself, Tractat. 30. Pract. Sect. 2. Cap. 21. that unadvisedly offering to touch the Head of this Creature, received immediately a wound in his little finger, which did not only swell and enrage, but his whole hand, up to his elbow, then dilating itself up to his shoulder, etc. The same story is likewise recorded by Schenckius, Lib. 7. De Venents, fol. 955. And Sennertus Pract. Med. Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 42. Whence, sometimes, ensues Death itself; sometimes they lose the member or part affected; sometimes, there is grievous Convulsions occasioned, and weariness over the whole Body, especially if a Nerve be hurt.  
Quod ad Curationem attinet in genere, nota, Quae in aliorum venenatorum animalium morsibus & ictibus curatio adhiberi solet, ea & hic locum habet in specie. Rondeletius, Lib. 6. Cap. 19 De Piscibus, refert se puerum ab hoc pisce miserè ictum, dum eum in sinu recondere vellet, cuirass Mullo dissecto et imposito, cum ejusdem Scorpionis 
† Nullum enim venenatum ferè est animal, quod veneni sui Antipharmacum in se non contineat: duplex autem Antipharmaci genus est, Antipathia & similitudo substantiae, ut Hepar venenatorum Animalium vulneri impositum similitudine substantiae venenum retrabit maximeque confert ea parte, qua fel continetur: Carnes vero impositae idem praestant per Antipathiam, ut Viperarum caro morsui Viperarum medetur. Terrenus Scorpius totus ictibus suis remedium est. Sie Mullus, Marini Draconis, Aranei ac Scorpionis morsibus medetur, si crudus dissectus admovetur, Autore DIOSCORIDE, Lib. 2. Cap. 25.  Hepate, adhibito ad vulneris Ambitum lentisco contuso.  
Galenus Lib. 9 De simple. medic. facult. Piscarores docuit, ut sulphur ad venenatorum Piscium morsus uterentur; seu sicco vulneri insperso, seu cum salvia misto, seu cum urina Macerato, seu cum Oleo veteri et Melle et resina, Terebinthina subacto. Dioscorides Percussis à Marino-Scorpione, Absynthiy, Salviae, aut sulphuris ex Aceto triti potionem subvenire scribit.   

SECTION VII. Of the Lampron and its Antidotes.  
MVrena the Lampron, a sea fish much like the Lamprey, but thicker, bigger, and larger every way; Had in great esteem in former times, and now yet to this day fancied, by some, as a choice food, yet their teeth are poisonous, long, sharp, and bending inwards, causing the wound to be very dangerous, making not only an effusion of blood, but grievous & intolerable pains to follow; The member to swell and exulcerate; whence ariseth most symptoms before recited of the Viper; And Death itself. But, that you may know this Creature perfectly, the better to avoid it, Authors describe it to be about two Cubits long, of a duskish colour and whitish spots, etc. Nicander reports of this Creature, that it will leave the Sea often, and at the times of Procreation seek out the Den of the Viper, and engender therewith. The Care is the same with that of the Viper.    

DIVISION V Of Poisons BELONGING TO CREEPING THINGS.  

SECTION I. Of Scolopendra and its Antidotes.  
FIfthly and Lastly, there are several Poisons among Creeping Things; As, 1. Scolopendra, a kind of worm, which creeps both backward and forward, offending with its bite no less than any of the former Creatures, causing grievous pains over all the Body; The flesh about the part affected becomes black and blue, and putrefies, Some times, likewise, it is red and fiery; Hard to be Cured, and unless timely prevented brings Death itself, and many other effects which you have before heard in other venomous beasts.  
In Curatione omnia quae Viperarum morsibus medentur, etiam Scolopendrae vulneribus exhiberi possunt. In specie tamen Antidota quod attinet, Dioscorides Lib. 6. Cap. 43. à Scolopendra demorsis cum vino exhibet Aristolochiam, aut Serpillum, aut Calamintham, aut Rutam sylvestram; quibus Aetius, Tetrabil. 4. Serm. 1. Cap. 15. Absynthium & Mentham adjungit. Vinum quoque in quo Asphedeli flores, & semen, aut Mentastri solia Cocta sunt, utile est.   

SECTION II. Of Horseleeches, and their Antidotes.  
HIrudo, an Horseleech, a Creature although oftentimes used by Physicians, kept in fair water and cleansed from their impurity and malignant quality; yet, being taken from muddy, filthy waters, they are oftentimes poisonous; proving very dangerous to Phlebotomize by them: Likewise if they fasten their teeth in the flesh, or leave their heads in the wounds by plucking them off too violently, or other ways, they exulcerate the part or member unto which they were fastened: And oftentimes causeth Death itself, as Pliny instanceth in Messalinus, that so perished, by laying them to his Knee, Schenkius Lib. 7. De Venenis, Fol. 962 Sennertus, Lib. 6. Part. 8. Cap. 20. And others, from him, records the same. Likewise most Authors, especially our neoterics, acknowledge as much. And moreover, that many times by drinking of impure muddy water where they are found, have become grievously affected, by their fastening on either Throats, or Mouths of their Ventricles or Oesophagus. But Sennertus and some others (from the aforesaid Schenkius, who, from Wolphius, taking it from Gesner, and Scholdzins, etc.) have affirmed (adding to the rest) that Leeches being venomous, or else if not rightly applied, do not only cause Ulcers, but also Gangrenes; Two examples of the like accidents, the afore quoted Authors give us, who, by being bitten by Leeches whilst they were swimming, had their flesh gangreened, whereby their Bodies became  of gross and praved humours, their flesh corrupted, and by peice-meale fell off, etc.  
In Curatione; St vulnus ab Hirudine inflictum non bene cadat, Imponantur folia lauri, vel centaurin contusam cum vino mixtum; Vel ex Allio, Ruta, Galbano, Maj●rana, Castoreo & Oleo veteri, Fiat Cataplasma; quod plagae imponatur. Imprimis utilis est Agrimonia contrita & Cataplasmatis modo imposita, vel illinatur plaga Testudinis marinae sanguine, Oleo Cestino, de Pyrethro. Si Faucibus adhaereat Hirudo, saepe gargarismatibus è Sinapi, Allio, Aceto, alisque acribus & Acidis, adjecto Sale paratis, utendum. Ventriculo si infixa sit, aeger Muriam tepidam vel Acetum bibat; quibus aliquid Aloes admiscendum, ut eo citius refrigatur, vomituque qui cum Oxymelite simplici, vel scilitico, Decocto Anethi provocari potest, excludatur. Si Sanguis reijciatur, Astringentibus, sanguinemque sistentibus utendum; qualia sunt Conserva Rosarum Rubrarum Antiqua, Radic. Tormentillae, Bolus Armenus, Terra Sigillata, Trochisci de Berberis, De Spodio, Syrupi Cydoniorum, De Rosis siccis, De Agresta, Myrtillorum, Granatorum, Aqua Plantaginis, Portulacae, Bursae Pastoris, & alia. Rejecta per vomitum Hirudine, ejus malignitati resistentia exhibenda; ubi Commendatur Absinthium Nasturtium, Salvia, Gentiana, Pinipinella, Baccae Lauri, Scylla, Radic Cappar. Myrrhae Galbanum, è quibus tale potest fieri Electuarium, ut docet Sennertus. ℞. Aristolochiae Longae, Gentianae, Baccar. Lauri, Cortic. Radic. Capparum, Myrrhae, Ana ʒij. Sem. Rutae, Piperis nigri, Castorei, Ana ʒj. Cum Melle dispumato. Fiat Electuarium, Cujus Dossis àʒj. adʒij. Cum vini generosi ℥ iiij.   

SECTION III. Of the Toad and its Antidotes, with Frogs, etc.  
RVbeta, a Toad, a Creature extremely poisonous, and no less pernicious than any of the former Creeping Creatures; offending by the emission of their venom by urine, spittle, and breath, as also by the bite, although they have not teeth, yet such is the hardness of their gums, & roughness, and so violently do they pinch, that thereby they make such an impression that the venomous puality of their poison is conveied not only into the part affected, but likewise through all & every part of the Body, by the pores; causing most horrid symptoms. As, the Vertigo, loss of sight, Synchope, and mi●t by fits with Convulsions, for the most part they stammer, their Lips and Tongue become black, their Countenance furious, horrid and ghastly, subject to vomitings, universal swelling, & environed with a cold sweat, and at length Death itself possesses them. As appears by those recorded by Ambrose Paraeus, Lib. 21. De Venenis, Cap. 24. who drank Wine in which they had infused a little sage, that they gathered in the Garden from a stock, under which at the root lay several Toads; by the urine, and spittle of which it was infected. Mizaldus likewise, Memorabil. Centur. 1. Aph. 1. Et in Hort. Med. Camp. 3. Area à Joanne Bocatio records, that one walking in a Garden, plucking a little Sage, therewith rubbed his Gums and Teeth, and so sell down suddenly dead; which proves that these kind of Creatures do and can infect Herbs and Fruits by their breath, spittle and urine, as was showed before. But over and above the former symptoms many of the Learned, writ, such as are affected, or poisoned any manner of way by this Creature, are molested with a feverish distemper, the external parts become inflamed, the sperm to shed of its own accord, the Hair, and sometimes the Teeth fall out; the Mouth and breath stinks, the breath is short, and drawn with great difficulty.  
In Curatione nota quod Rubetae venenum si ore sumptum sit, ut vomitu quamprimum reijciatur, Curandum. Hinc, ut alias etiam, quocunque modo in Corpus admissum sit, Theriaca vel Mithridatium Tribus Diebus Continuis, Cum decocto rutae vel vino exhibendum: vinum meracum Copiose propinandum; motus vehemens aegro imperandus, sudor Copiosus aliquoties in Balneo provocandus, aegerque Aqua Calida abluendus. Qui cum è balneo egreditur, de speciebus diacurcumae, Dialaccae, Diarhod. Abbot. Trochisc. De Erupator. De Rhaburbar. aliquid sumat, vel ex his cum Conserv. Capil. Veneris, Diacoro, et syrup. Byzantino. Fiat Electuarium, de quo quoudie bis, hora una ante Cibum ʒij. vel iij. exhibeantur; vel testudinis marinae sanguis, Cum Leporis Coagulo cum Cumino ex vino praebeatur. Cutis sputo vel urina Rubetae inquinata mox Lavetur urina humana, vel aqua et sale; Posteaque Ol. Vital. Ovor. Velure Rosaceo illinatur.  
Frogs likewise are often times pernicious, by their quality and cold juice which they yield to such as eat them, dilating itself into all the Body, putrefying and corrupting the good humours, 
Of Frogs and their Antidotes.  perverting and destroying the healthiest constitution, and intoxicating such as eat them, if we may believe Andrea's Baccius, in Prolegomenis venenorum et Antidotorum pag. 38. & 39 It likewise hath been known to extinguish, and suffocate natural heat; Nay Paraeus, Lib. 21 De Venenis, Cap. 24. Affirms that Frogs in the month of May are rank poison; Wherefore not fit to be eaten at that time of the year above all others; And his reason is, because they then engender with Toads.  
The Cure is the same as you have heard but now of them.   

SECTION iv Of the Araneus and other sort of Spiders, and their Antidotes, Tarantula, etc.  
ARaneus, a Spider so called; whether all Spiders are poisonous, I shall not here dispute; that some are, all Physicians and the Learned affirm. Especially, 1. That sort of Spider which is called Rhagium being in shape round in colour black, whose bite is as painful as the sting of a Scorpion; Its Mouth is under the midst of its belly. 2. That which is called Mymetion, in colour likewise black, but in form somewhat resembling an Ewnet, especially about the head, but somewhat a larger Creature, and having whitish streaks, or spots towards the back. 3. That which is termed Lupus or the Woolt Spider. 4. That sort which is denominated Vesparium, because setting aside the wings, it much resembles a Wasp, but is of a reddish colour. 5. That which is known by the appellation of Tarantula, so called as Mathiolus notes Comment ad Lib. 2. Cap. 57 Dioscorid. from the City Tarantus in Apulcia, about which, in Summer time, there used to be multitudes; Others think it hath ●s name from its effects, because such are stung or bitten thereby, do perpetually sing or delight in Music, or racher, are cured by Music, or yet rather, by dancing and leaping about, occasioned by the Music, So evapourating the virulency of the venom by sweat. These sieve forts of Spiders, among othors, are by all. Authors accounted poisonous, more especially. To insist upon every one distinctly, and apart, would be too tedious, at this time, or to particularise all that Authors have recorded of them; Wherefore, in brief, know, that such as are either bitten by any of the four former, or have accidentally swallowed any of them, are usually molested with these following symptoms. The part affected will be seized on with a stupor, with horror and cold, the belly is filled with wind and swells, the face grows pale, the eyes drop tears involuntarily, the extreme and remote parts of the Body tremble, and are, in a manner, convulst, a continual inclination and desire to evacuate by urine follows them▪ the privy part is extended and pained, if the party be young; relaxed, if old; a cold sweat universally possesseth them, and, sometimes, they void by urine some what like unto a Spider.  
In Cura●ione, nota, Si morsu Araneus nocuerit; saepius spongia Calido Accto, aut Aqua Salsa abluendus. vel Decocto Maluae, Origani, Serpilli, aliorum supra commemoratorum madida fovendus. Inprimis laudat Monardus, lib. simple. novi or bis, cap. 62. Lac è foliis ficus manans instillatum utile etam ad ictum Araneae percanae Cataplasmata quoque ictui imponenda patari possunt è foliis Lauri, Ruta, Porro, Farina Hordeac●a, cum Aceto Cactus. Prodest etiam Allium et Caepas Contusas. Stercus item Caprinum cum vino, ut & ficus pingues imponere. Simulquisurpentur Theriaca et Methridatium, item Alaexipharmaca supra proposita, aegerque in Balneo saepius sudet. Allium etiam fraequentius comedat; vinumque liberalius bibat. Si vero Aranaeus intra Corpus sumptus fuerit, Cura à vomitorio Auspicanda. Ut, ℞. Radic. Esulae, Asari, Ana. ʒij. Flor. Anethi Genistae, An. Pug. j Coq in Aqua pura, Col. ℞ ℥ v. Add Mellisʒj. Fiat vomitorium. Post voinitum offerenda Alexipharmica, quibus sumptis aeger vel in lecto sese ad indorem componat, vel, puod melius, baseing rediatur & Copiose sudet. Utilis est hic Theracaeʒij. pondere, Cum Aqua Cardini bene●i●●i, Scordii, aut vino al●o sumpta. Contra Aran●i vevenum laudatur medicamentum sequens. ℞. ●ol. Scordii, Menthae, Rutae, Cupressi, An. M. j Sem. Errsae, Anisi. 4. Calidor minor An. ʒj. Coq. in s q. vini, Colaturae quotidie bis, manè & vespers, ℥ iiij. propinentur, donec corporis tumor evanescat. Velure ℞. Asae faetidae, ʒiij. Myrrhae, Allij, Piperis, Castor●i, An. ʒss. F. Pulvis pro 4. Dossibus, qui exhibeatur cum vino. Antequam aeger balneum, quod quotidie fere, cum magna in hoc Casu ejus vis sit, repetendum ingrediatur.  
Touching the Tarantula and the symptoms following upon its bite, should I enumerate what is recorded by the Learned, it would seem incredulous, and altogether fabulous. Wherefore, in short, not to insist on every Circumstance, such as are bitten by Of the Tarantula this kind of vermin, are and its Antidotes. affected with intolerable pain in the part offended, causing it to swell and putrefy, the Body is universally seized with cold, and wind, especially the belly: Virgae in quibusdam erectio et priapismus, an universal numbness over all the parts, trembling, and a Convulsion and resolution of the members, so that even the youngest and strongest Bodies, are, thereby, soon dejected; a general pain possesses the Arteries, Depravation of the voice, over-watching, Vertigo, Dilirium, redness of the eyes, and an universal cold sweat captivateth them, etc. which are more, or less, according to the nature and temper of the party; For, as Wine maketh some laugh, some cry, some melancholy, some mad, etc. that are thereby intoxicated; so doth the bite and venom of this Creature cause some to sing, others to laugh, a third sort to weep, a fourth to rejoice, a fifth to sleep, a 6. to awake, a seventh to vomit all they take in, an eighth to dance, an ninth to sweat, a tenth to tremble, an eleventh to be passionate; Others, other ways; as, to be frantic, swound, to rave and the like: and which is more, if they hear any Music they immediately fall a dancing, although, before, they lay as if they were dead, and if the Music chance to cease, they immediately fall down in the like stupidity they were before; as the aforequoted Mathiolus in Loco Citato Contends. For further information in this matter. Consult Nicander, Paulus Aeginetius, Aetius, Cornelius Celsus, Aviceunas, Rhases, Epiphanius Ferdinandus, and others. Praeterea, à Tarantula morsi quidam circa sepulchra versantur, et in feretris mortuorum cubant, virgins obscaenas partes ostendunt, evellunt sibi crines: Alij pensiles in cunis moveri, Alij terra obrui cupiunt; Nonnulli etam alios morsu impetunt: magna quoque appetentia laborant, praecipuè dum salant, variis coloribus delectantur, & si quem colorem aversantur, eum, qui veste ●o colore infecta indutus est, insectantur; Aquam abhorrent, Vinum bibunt, & merum ●tiam potum ●os non inebriat, & alia admiranda patiuntur. All which is to be referred to occult qualities & causes both in relation to the place, viz. Apulcia (although some to show their wit, will affirm it to be chief more incident to that place then any other, because of the heat, when other places that are hotter are free) as also to the nature of the poison to work so many strange, and various effects in people, when other poisons work the like effects in all parties; and to conclude, that Music should be the instrument of so remarkable a Cure, etc.  
In Curatione danda opera, ne venenum in Corpus penetret, sed●statim ò Corpore extrahatur; deinde ut per interna medicamenta 〈◊〉 Corpore expellatur. Ad praeservandum (ut & ad curandum) commendatur Anchusa comesta, & decoctum ejus potum, Artemisia, Allium, Bolus Armenus, Theriaca, & Antiphalangium, quod postea proponetur in Curatione. Deinde si quis à Phalangis morsus sit, curandum, ne venenum ad interiora penetret, sed sta●im ad exteriora revocetur, & è Corpore extrahatur, eo modo ut antea saepius dictum. Deinde ut venenum à partibus interioribus repellatur; Ut ℞. Flor. Rutae sicc. Costi, Mentastri, Pyrethri, Ana Part. aequales, Asae faetidae. Par tem quartam ad pondus omnium, Mellis, q. sufficient. Fiat Electuarium. Dosis ʒj. Epiphanius Ferdinandus, qui dilligens fuit in observandis ijs, quae circa demorsos à Tarantulis evenerunt, quinque remedia experientiâ comprobata commendat. Primum est Aqua Vitae, seu spir. vini. Cum enim omnes Autores ad Curandos Tarantatoes vinum commendent: multo magis spirit. vini utilis erit, qui felicissimè ab ℥ j ad ℥ iij. pro ratione aetatis exhibetur. Secundum est, Quinta essentia Rorismarini, quae ipsa etiam contra ictus Tarantulae prodest. Tertius, Aqua vitalis ejusdem, quae ita paratur; ℞. Flor. Citranguli, boni quantitat. fol. tenerorum quereus, Cardui benedict. Scabiosae, Acetosell. Souchi, Salviae, Majoranae, Flor. Lavenduiae, Absinthij, Rorismarini, Tussilaginis, Rosar. Rubor. Scorzonerae, Melissa, Pimpinellae, Boraginis, Fol. Arbuti, Lenticularis, Rutae, Ana M.iiij. Cyperi nostrat. Radic. Angelicae, Baccar. Lauri, Juniperi, Cortic. Citri, Tormentillae, Zedoariae, An. ℥ j cinnamon. Caryoph. Ana ℥ ss. Distillentur in Balneo, Quartum est. Electuarium Antiphalangium, quod omnia ferè simplicia contra Tarantulae, morsun Commendata côplectitur: ut ℞. Fruct. Myrti. Tamarisci, Ana ℥ j Sem. Pastinacae, Nigell. Agni Casti, Danci, Anisi. Cymius, Origani, Ana ʒj. Terrae Sigillatae, Beli Armeni orient. praeparat. Ana ʒij. Centaur. n●inor. Aristolech. rotund. Ana ʒss. Fol. Meliss. Trifolij, Bituninosi, Chamipisyos abrot. Ana P. ss. Theriac. oped. Mithridat. Ana ʒj. ss. succ. Caepar. Allii, Plantaeginis, Atriplicis, Haederae depurator. Ana q. l. Cum Melle fiat è succis syrupus, in quo fiat Electuarium, Addendo spir. vini, q. s. Dossis ʒj. ss. ad ʒiij. Cum vino. In praeservatione ʒj. Verum nullum certius remedii genus est, quam Musica; ut enim side digni Autores. Sed Pena & Lobelius in Adversariis stirpium, Pag. 320. Valde Laudant medicamentum sequens. ℞. muscarun quae pastum ceperint de Napello xx. Aristolochiae, Boli Armeni, Ana ʒj. Item praestat contra omnes Epidemicos morbos. Dosis ʒi.   

SECTION V Of Pini Erucae and its Antidotes.  
AND Lastly, Pini Erucae, a kind of worm so called which the Learned have esteemed as very noxious and venomous, offending three manner of ways, 1. By its bite. 2. By its touch upon any naked part, causing the part bitten or roughly touched, to swell, ache, grow red and fiery, as also to putrefy. 3. By being accidentally swallowed or taken into the Body, and then the palate of the Mouth, Tongue, and all other parts of the Mouth, Likewise the Stomach, Intestines, etc. Are affected with intolerable pains, inflammation, and extraordinary heat over all the Body, etc.  
Parti Erucae morsu aut attritu laesae remedio sunt Caepae, Aceto tritae, Ruta item cum Melle et Sale trita, vel cum Aceto et Pice Cocta et Imposita. Intra Corpus assumptae Erucae, quamprimum vomitu reijcienda sunt, & si jam ad intestina descenderin●, Clysteribus eluendae. Et ut veneni bujus acrimonia retundatur, Propinandum Lac Caprinum, vel emulsio è sem. 4. frigid. major, Amygdall. Dulc. Sem. Papau. Albi, cum Aqua Hordei parata. Aeger comeda● Oryzam cum Lacte Caprino Cectam; Cremorem Ptisanae, Amygdal. dulces, Juseula pinguta, Antidote Erucarum Pini, est Terra Lemnia, et Corallia rubra praeparata, Cum Mucilag. Sem. Cydoniorum, exhibitae, etc.  
And thus have I, as brief as may be, given you the Names, Natures, Symptoms, Prognostics, and Antidotes, of all poisons belonging to Minerals, Vegetables, and Animals. Qui Monet, Amat, Ave, & Cave.      
FINIS.   

An Alphabetical Index of the most Material matters contained in this small Treatise.  
Wherein you are to take notice, that Refers to the Epistle Dedicatory; † To that directed to the Judicious Readers. | To the Imprudent and Rural Readers. And what is without these signatures, to the Book itself.  

A.  
A Conitum Its symptoms and Antidotes, 65  
Aerugo Its symptoms, 43 Antidotes, 44  
Aes its symptoms, 43. Antidotes 44.  
Amphysbaena its symptoms, 198. Antidotes 185  
Antidotes of Aqua-sortis, Regis & ●rysulea, 2●, 23 Of Antimony, 2●. Of Arsenic, 6, 27, 8 Of Argent-Vive, 31, 32, 33, 34. Of Praecipitate M●reury, Ibid. Of Mercurius Sublimate, Ibid. Duleis, Ibid. Virae, Ibid. Of Lead, 48. Of Ceruse, Ibid. Of lethargy, Ibid Of Lapis Lazulus, 50. Of the Diana ●nd, Ibid, Of the Loadstone, 51 Of the seed of Pasma Christ● of America, ●5. De sem. Recinae, Ibid Of Hen●an seed, 59 60. Of Darnill, Ibid. Of Fennel-seed. 61. De G●ano Nubiae, Ibid Of Linseed, Ibid Of Ixia, or the Camelion-Thistle-Root. 64. Of White Hellebour, 65. Of Aconitum, 66. Of the Mandrake-Ro●re, 61. Of Woolf Baue, 70. Of Hemlock, 7●. Of the Herb-Hen-Bane, 59, 60. Of the Herb-Mandrake, 67. Of the Herb-Round-Leaved-Marsh-Crow-Foot, 74. Of Spurge. 76. Of Ophiusa, Ibid. Of Flos Coschii, 78. Of Flos Affricanus, 72. Of Crocus, 59, 60. Of the Walluth Tree, 83 Of the Juniper Tree, ibid. Of the ●ama●●d Tree, ibid. Of the Tree Baxima, ibid. Of the Yew Tree, ibid. Of the Box Tree, ibid. Of the Mandrake Apple, 6●. Of Nux Vomic●, 88 Of Truna Insania, 67. Nux Metella, 89. Of the Coloq●●m●ida Apple, 65.62. Of the Fruit and berrys of ●●●g●●-shade, 93. Of Mangas, ●0. of Opium, 96. Of ●●uphorbium, 97. Of Scammony, ibid. Of the Indian 〈◊〉, ●0 Of Toxicum, 〈◊〉. Of Poisoned Honey, 66 Of Mushrooms, 106.106. Of the By't of a Mad-dog, 129, 1●0 etc. Of Cat's Brains, 141, 142. Of Wolveses Poison, 129, 130, etc. Must Aranaeus, 150, 151. Of B●ll● bl●●●, 154, 155. Of Cow's Milk, 156. Of Canthandes, 1ST, 1●2. Of the Fly Buprestis, ibid. Of the Ring of Bees, 16●, 165. Of Watps, ibid. Of the ●rag●●, ●29, 130. Of the Crocodile, ibid. Of the Scorpion, 191, 152, 173. Of the Basilisk, 00. Of the Salamander, 180. Of the Viper, 180 187, 88 Of the Dryads, 191. Of the Serpent Stellio, 186, 18●, etc. Of the Asp, 〈◊〉 & 195, 196. Of the Serpent Matrix, 186, etc. Of the Hamorhous, 201. Of the Serpent Amphy●●●●, & Scytale, 166, etc. Of the Serpent Sep●●, ibid. Of the Serpent Cerastes, ibid. & 204. Of the Serpent Dipsa●, 186. & 203 Of the Serpent Cenchtis, 80. &c Of the Li●●●●d, ibid. & 207. Of the torpedo, 210. Of the Sea Dragon, 213. Of the 〈◊〉 a Ray, 〈◊〉 Pastinaca, 18●, etc. & 215, 216. Of the ●●●a ●●og, 219. Of the Sea Hare, ●19. Of the Sea Scorpion, 83. & ●21. Of the Lampron, 86 etc. Of the Scolopend●a, 186, etc. & 12●. Of the Horse fetch, 225, 226 Of Toads, 228 Of Frogs, ibid. Of the Sp●●der A●anaeus and either Spiders, 231, 232 Of the Ta●an●la ●●●, 236, 251. Of the Worm called Vina Fa●●●a, ●●8.  
Antimony and as Antidotes.  
Apoplexies may be caused of Poison. 7.81. etc.  
Apothecaries not 〈◊〉 to make Physicians, ‖ 〈◊〉 10  
Aqua Forris, Regis Crys●les, and then anti●ot●●, 2.3  
Argent-V●ve, its several sorts and antidotes, ●9 If conceived in fume, 38 By Inn●●ction, 34.  
Assaick to deadly poys●ni● taken it a small quantiity 9 nor, sometimes in a great, 12. To served sort, and antidotes, 25.89 violent is ki●●s by outward application 26  
The Poison of an Asp kills inw●d●●●s 8. Its symptoms, 193, 9● Antiletes, 80, &c & 1ST, 96  
Astrology Requisite to be known by a Physician 16, 1●, 18, 19  
Astronomy Requisite to be known a Physician, ● 1●. 13  
By the mediation of Aromes, many times poisons are ●●nv●●d to our Bodies. 18  
An●●pagu●entum what, with its antidotes. 29  
Aurum potabile of the Chemists justly censured. 23   

B.  
BAsilisk kills by the touch, 16.174, 17●. sound of his Hiss and sight, 17 174 How 18. why called the King of Serpents, 17● Antidotes 00  
The Tree Baxima, very hurtful to such as stay under its shadow, 19.82. And how 19 Antidotes. 83.  
Bees their symptoms, 164. Antidotes, ibid.  
Poisons affecting the ●ladder. 7  
Blood of ●●ts poisonous, 142. Of Swine censured, 148. accounted, by some, poisonous, 192. but ta'sery, 153  
Books of Physic can not mak● an ●●hatumus capable of practising Physic 1, 5, 4, ●  
Box Tree its symptoms. 85. Antidotes. 83  
What poisons chief molest the Brain, 6. 〈◊〉, of a Cat or other Creature, if eaten, may prove noxious, 141  
Brass its symptoms, 43. Anidotes 44  
Bulls blood not poisonous, 153. Its symptoms, 152, 153. Antidotes 154  
Buprestis its symptoms, 163. Antidotes 162  
Burning-thorny-plant, its symptoms 97. Antidotes 9   

C.  
Calxvive a deadly Poison, 39 Yet may be eaten in a great quant ty, ibid. Its Antidotes 40  
The Black Camaelion-Thistle-Root, a virulent poison, 63. Antidotes ibid.  
Cantharideses by a peculiar property affects the bladder. 7. Its symptoms and poisonous quality 157, 158, 159. Doth not always prove noxious by outward application, 161. Antidotes, ibid. & 162.  
Catablepas what, kills by its very sight, 17. And how 18  
Casaver what, how made. 99  
Cats brains in a peculiar manner affects the brain. 6. Their breath may cause Hectic Fevers, 26. Their presence not poisonous, 139, 140. Their brains are, 141. Its symptoms, ibid. Antidotes, ibid. & 142. Blood poisonous, ibid. Its syptomes 143  
Cenchris, its symptoms, 206. Antidotes. 186, etc.  
Cerastes its symptoms, 20●. Antidotes, 186. etc. & 204  
Ceruse its symptoms, 47. Antidotes 48  
Chemistry requisite to be known by a Physician, and how fa●r used * 20  
Cicuta its symptoms, 71. Antidotes 72  
Artificial Cinaber what▪ 29. symptoms and Antidotes 38  
Colocynthis of force to purge by the smell, 20. and how ibid. It's symptoms, 91. Antidotes 65  
Consumptions of the Lungs may be caused by the breath of Cats as some hold ●6  
Convulsions may be caused of Poisons 7  
Copper its symptoms, 43. Antidotes 44  
Cordials although they sometimes kill are not to be accounted Poisons † 6, 7  
Cows-Milk its symptoms, 156. Antidotes ibid.  
Creeping Things poisonous 223  
Crocodile its symptoms, 167. Antidotes 129  
Crocus its symptoms, 80. Antidotes 58, 59, 60  
Crude-Mercury and its Antidotes 29, 30  
Cures by Magicians, Witches, Conjurers and unlawful, Censured ‖ 15 16   

D.  
DAncing may be caused of Poison 7  
Darnel its syptomes, 60. Antidotes 58, 59, 60  
Description of the hum●●●r of most men * 2  
Diamond its symptoms and antidotes 50  
Differences of Poisons, from Page 1. to 21.  
Dipsas its symptoms, 201. Antidotes 186, &c & 20●  
Doctrines and Disciplines requisite for a Physician, * 7, 8, 9, etc.  
Of the Sea Dog what part poisonous, 217. symptoms ibid. Antidotes ibid.  
Dotage may be caused of Poyso●, 56. 86. etc.  
Of the Dragon and its symptoms, 1ST An idvies, 12●, etc. Of the Sea Dragon and its symptoms, 211 Antidotes 212, 213  
Dross of Iron its symptoms, 44. Antidotes 45  
Dryinus its symptoms, 189, 190. Antidotes, 186, 191  
Mercurius Dulcis how good, or bad, 36, 37. antidotes ibid. etc.  
Dullness may be caused of Poison ●●, 1●3   

E.  
Elixirs of Chemists censured * 23  
Empiric may do much hurt unawares, 36, ●7, 44 45, 57, 97. ‖ 3, 4, 5 Cannot be careful or cautious, as some fond dream, ‖ 6. nor properly said to have experience, or to have cured any. ‖ 7, 8 9 or to give safe Medicines, ‖ 14 Not to be suffered in a Christian Common wrath * 23  
English Pox affects chief the Liver by its Poison 7  
Epilepsies may be caused of poison, 7. 56, 58, 81, 105. By Terror 142  
Esula minor its symptoms, 35, ●6. antidotes 76  
Eupho●●ium its symptoms, ●7. antidotes ibid.  
Experience what ‖ 9 ●●ignorant Woman, Emp●●ick, R●●sh Practitioner of Physic can be said to have it ‖ 7, 8, 9 etc.   

F.  
FAlling sickness may be caused of poison, 7. 56, 58, 81, 105  
Fearfulness may be caused by poison 7  
Fevers may a●●e of poison ibid.  
Fennel seed sometimes poisonous, 62. antidotes ●1  
F●●●es of Antimony to resist, 24. of Mercury 33  
Flos Aff●icanus ●s symptoms, 79. antidotes 72  
Flos Colchi its symptoms, 78 antidotes 79  
Flowers poison 53  
French pox by its ven●m affects chief the Liver 7  
Frogs how poisonous, symptoms 229. antidotes 2●8  
Fruits poison. 53.  
●ury may be caused of poison 7● etc.   

G.  
GAtlick taken in excess ●ny noxious 68  
Poisons affecting chief the Cen●●alls 7  
Poisons affecting strange property 5●  
Glass no poison ●  
Granum Nubiae its force and antidotes ●●  
Gyplus its antidotes 4●   

H.  
Haemorrhous diffuses its venom by the ●oines 7. Its symptoms, 1●9. antidotes ●01  
The Sea Hare kills with the very loo●●●, 218. symptoms, ibid. antidotes 219  
Poisons more peculiarly offending the Hea● 6  
Heaviness may be caused of poy●●● 7.  
White Hellebor-Root, its symp●●●, ●4 〈…〉 the appellation White, is not 〈…〉 ●4  
Hemlock its symptoms, 71. antidotes ●●  
Hen-bane a peculiar enemy to the 〈…〉, 6. Its symptoms, 56. 57.7●, antidotes 58, 59 ●●, ●1. Its feel being barnt in an Henhouse hath a strange property, 〈◊〉 symptoms, 59, 57 sort or ●and. 5●. 〈…〉  
Herbs poison, 53. such as 〈…〉 peculiarly affect the 〈◊〉 ●  
Hi●cca what, its won●●● 〈…〉  
Hornetts the symptoms, ●●5. 〈…〉 ●●●  
Of the Horseleech its symptoms, 〈…〉 poisonous 221. antidotes ●●●  
Hurtful poisons which, 〈…〉  
Sem Hyosiami its symptoms, 56, 57 Sorts 58, antidotes 58, 5●, 60  
Hirundinaceus a deadly poison, 8. 104 symptoms 194, 195. antidotes, 186, etc. & 195, 196   

I.  
IGnorant Practitioners do much hu●t, 36, 37, 41, 45, 5● 97 ‖ 3, 4, 5. Can not be careful or contious, as some, fond dream ‖ 6. nor properly said to have experience, or to have cared any, ‖ 7, 8, 9 or to give safe medicines ‖ 14. Not to be suffered in a Christian Commonwealth * 23  
The Indian Hiucca what, its wonderful Nature, 99 Antidotes 00  
Inflammations may be caused of poison, 7  
Iron its symptoms, 44. antidotes 45  
Juglans Arbour its symptoms 81, 83  
Juniper Tree its symptoms, 83. antidotes ibid.  
Joyces poison 53  
Ixia a virulent poison, 65. its antidotes 64   

K.  
KING CHARLES the Second, surnamed La Bon, and Pious, our most gracious Sovereign, the most nobl●st Descended Prince in Christendom, * 4. Therefore in him blessed, ibid. Restored to his Crown and to be the glory of his People by a miracle, and the Immediate finger of GOD; And therefore may expect happiness and blessings are towards us whilst he is continued among us, * 5, 6, etc.   

L.  
LAmpron what part poisonous, its symptoms 222 Antidotes 186, etc.  
Lapis Lazulus its symptoms and Antidotes 50  
Laughter in extremity may be caused by poison 7  
Led its symptoms, 45, 46. antidotes 48  
Leaves poisonous 52  
Leeches when poisonous, 224. symptoms, ibid. 225. Antidotes 226  
Leeks eaten in excess very noxious, 68 its juice also, 100  
Lepus Marinus by an occult property offends peculiarly the Lungs, 7. kills with the very looks, 218. its symptoms, ibid. antidotes 219  
Lettuce its juice very noxious 100  
Libidiny may be caused by poison 7  
Linseed sometimes poisonous, 62. antidotes 61  
Lipothymia may be caused of poison, 57, 63, 65, &c  
Litharge its symptoms, 47. antidotes 48  
Poison peculiarly affecting the Liver 6, 7  
Lizzard its symptoms, 207. antidotes, ibid. & 186, etc.  
Of the Loadstone and its antidotes 51  
Logic Requisite to be known by a Physician * 12  
Poisons peculiarly affecting the Lungs 7, 42   

M.  
MAd-dogs by't poisonous, 108. And how 109. Dilates and Diffuses its venom by the Nerves, 7 Lies hid in the body sometimes whole months without any appearance, 8. 115, 116. sometimes years, 9 116. and sometimes hurts not all, 12. 113. sometimes infects by the very looks, 17. 115. smell, 17. 114. scratch, touch, 113, etc. How they become mad, 100L. not known, 112. How many ways they infect, 113, 114. when the effects appear, 115, 116. The nature and temperature of the Poison, 117, 118. why such as are infected abhor water, and all liquors and polite bodies, 119, 120. their symptoms, 121, 122, 123. The Cure must not be delayed, 124, 125, 126. How the Patient shall know if he be infected, 126. Prognostics, ibid. 127. Method of Cure ●28. 129, 130, 131, etc.  
Madness may be caused by poison, 7. 35, 56, 58 63, 71, 86, etc.  
Mandrake-Roote its symptoms and antidotes, 67. The herb, ibid. The Aer of the Apple offensive, 7●. Its symptoms, 86 antidotes 87  
Mangas its symptoms, 94. antidotes 00  
Round-Leaved Marsh Crowfoot its symptoms, 73, 74. antidotes 74. The Juice thereof Poison, 102.  
Universal Medicines censured, * 13. Knowledge of medicines not sufficient to make a Physician ‖ 2  
Mel venenatum its symptoms, 100LS. antidotes 66  
Mercury a peculiar enemy to the brain, 6 It's several sorts, 19 and antidotes, ●2. hurts by fume and outward application, ibid. 31. ☿ Precipitate it's direful symptoms, 35. antidotes 37. ♎. It's symptom s 35. antidotes, 37. ☿ vitae how good, or bad, 36, 3●. ☿ Dulcis, how good or bad 36, 37  
Milk hath no venomous Property in it 155. But is an excellent antidote against Arsenic, 28. and against Mercury taken inwardly 31  
Minerals poison 21, 22  
Minium its symptoms, 47 antidotes ●8  
Miracles not ceased * 5  
Mischief occasioned by the malicious beams of a malignant eye 18  
A Monster in nature 57  
Mortal poisons which 6  
Muraena what part poisonous, its symptoms, 22●. antidotes 186, etc.  
Must Araneus its description, 149, 150. symptoms, 150 ant dotes 151  
Much oomes many poisonous, which, and why, 104. then symptoms, 100LS. an't dotes ibid. 106  
Mymetion what, its description, 230. symptoms 131 antidotes 232   

N.  
NApellos its symptoms, ●9 antidotes 70  
Natrix its symptoms, 19●. antidotes 186, etc.  
Ne●●um what, its symptoms and antidoes 85  
Night shade a peculiar enemy to the brain, 6. 92. symptoms, ibid. antidotes 93  
Granum Nubrae, its force and antidotes, 61. symptoms of the fruit, 92. antidotes 93  
Nox Vomica its symptoms, 87, 88 antidotes, ●●. Metella seu Methel its symptoms, 89. antidotes ibid. Eaten in a small quantity, doth only intoxicate the brain, not k ll † 5   

O.  
OLiander what, its symptoms and antidotes, 8●  
On on's eaten in excess very noxious, 68  
Oplimsa its symptoms, 76. antidotes ibid.  
Opiom a peculiar enemy to the b●ain, 6. accounted a violent poison taken in a small quantity 1●. and yet sometimes doth not happen so although liberally eaten, ibid. 90. its symptoms 94, 95 antidotes 96   

P.  
THe seed of Palma Christi of Ameirca, its symptoms, 54. antidotes 55  
Pauace'as of the Chemists questioned * 23  
Paracelsus justly censured * 21  
Pastinaca what, which part poisonous, 213. symptoms, 214, 215. antidotes 18. 215, 216.  
Pharicum what 101  
Philosophy requisite to be known by a Physician, * 10  
Physician how he ought to be qualified, * 8. 9, 10, etc. Who are only fit to be such, * 23. A requisite and necessary Calling, ‖ 2. may in some cases be puzzled, ‖ 10.11, 12, 13. why their Patients many times miscarry ‖ 14.15  
Physic by whom abused, * 7. how they ought to be qualified that practice it, * 8, 9, 10. who are only fit to practise, * 23. not to be neglected or rejected in time of sickness ‖ 17, 18, 19, 20, et 27  
Frenzies may be caused by Poison, 56.58, 71  
Of the worm Pini Erusae, how it conveys its Poison, 238. symptoms, ibid. antidotes, ibid. & 239  
Poisons generally treated of with their Differences, from Page 1. to 21. Natural, Accidencall, and Artificial. 2. Hurt not by manifest or second qualites; but by occult, or manifest and occult together, 3, 4. All have not an aptitude to kill, 5. Some are mortal, others only hurtful, 6. Some principally affect the Brain, some the Heart, some the Liver, some the Lungs, some the bladder, 7. Whence they become of divers effects; As to cause Madness, Sadness, Laughter, Dancing, Raging, Fearfulness, etc. ibid., Can not be so prepared as to kill at a certain presixed iime, 9 Nor to penetrate through Boots, Spurs, Clothes, etc. to the skin by any natural means, 14. may be conveied into the body by the bite of Creatures, touch, breath, etc. 15.16. smell, 17.77. sight, noise, 1●, etc. And how, 18.19. Belonging to Minerals, 21, 22. To Vegetables, 52 53. To Animals, 107.108. Definition of Poison † 4.6. may become, sometimes, food, † 8. Is of Divers Nature's † 9  
Praecipitate ☿ it's direful symptoms, 35. antidotes 37  
Ignorant Practitioners do often and may unawares destroy men, 36, 37, 44, 45, 57, 97. ‖ 3, 4, 5. Can not be said to be careful, or cautions, as some fond dream, ‖ 6. nor properly, to have experience, or to have cured any, ‖ 7.8, 9 or to give safe medicines ‖ 14. Not to be suffered in a Christian Commonwealth * 23  
Pruna Insania, its symptoms, 90.91. antidotes 67  
Pryas his poison kills in a short time 8  
Purging medicines not poison because they sometimes kill † 5.6, 7   

Q.  
THe Quintessence's of Chemists justly censured, * 23.   

R.  
RAgings and Rave may be caused of Poisons, 7, etc.  
Ratsbane what 27  
Sea- Ray what part poisonous, 113. symptoms, 214.215. antidotes, 186, etc. & 215.216  
Realgar what, with its antidotes 25  
Receipts alone, not sufficient to enable any to practise Physic ‖ 10  
Sem. Recini its symptoms, 54. antidotes 55  
Rew its venomous quality 76.77  
Rhagium what, its description, 230. symptoms, 231 antidotes 232  
Risugallum what, with its antidotes 25  
Roots poisonous 52  
Rust of Iron its symptoms, 44. antidotes 45   

S.  
SAge accidentally poison 16.222  
Salamander its symptoms, 179. antidotes, 180. Lives not in the fire 178  
Sandaracha what, with its antidotes 25  
Sardonica herba, its symptoms, 73.74. antidotes 74  
Scammony it symptoms, 98. antidotes 97  
Scolopend●a its symptoms, ●●3. antidotes, 186. etc. & ●●3  
By't of 〈◊〉 Scorpion conveys the venom to the Heart by the d●t●●ies, 7. Is an enemy t●●●. Heart in a peculiar manner, o. ●t● symptom s. ●68▪ ●69, 170. antid tes, 571.572. symptoms of the S●●●corp●on 2●0 what part poisonous, ibid. antidotes, 186. &c & 221  
Scytale its symptoms, 198. antidotes 186, etc.  
Seeds poisonous 52  
Seeing how occasioned 18  
Seps o● Sepedon its symptoms, 222. antidotes 168 &c  
Shadow of the Yew Tree ●●●y noxious, and how 19 As also the Tree Baxima 19  
Poisons peculiarly affecting the Sperm vessels 7  
Spiders then several sorts poisonous, 230. symptoms 231. antidotes 232, 233  
Spurdge its symptoms, 75, 76. antidotes 76.  
Steel its symptoms, 44. antidotes 45  
Stellio its symptoms, 192. antidotes 186, etc.  
Strength of the body may be abated by poison 69.71  
Stupor may be caused by poison 60  
Sublimate Mercury its symptoms, 35. antidotes 37  
Poisons killing Suddenly are enemies to the Heart more especially 6.09   

T.  
TAme●ind-Tree its symptoms, 82. antidotes 8● Tarantula an enemy to the brain especially, 6. why so called, 230. symptoms, 233, 234. etc. antidotes 235 236, etc.  
The Asp Terestris deadly poison ●8  
The black Camelien Thistle Ro●t, a o●●bulent poison 63. antidotes ibid.  
The Thraciaus familiarly eat whole handfuls of white Helelior, 〈◊〉 ●●●ny ●●art 64  
Time of 〈…〉 determined, beyond which he cann●t 〈…〉 Tha● servingness ever abominated by the Author, 4. Times we live in Described ●●.  
Toad its symptoms, and how poison, 227. antidotes 228  
Torpedo a peculiar enemy to the Brain, 6 strangely affects the Hand and Arm of such as but hold a long Pole that trucheth it, 16. symptoms 208.209. antidotes 210  
Toxicam a violent Poison, 101. what it is is not clear from the writings of the Learned 101.102  
Trees poison 53  
Tythymallus its symptoms, 75.76. antidotes 76   

V.  
Poisonous Vapours of Antimony to resist, 14 Of the yew-tree and the Tree Baxima noxious ●9  
Vegetables poison, 52.53. The knowledge of Vegetables requisite for a Physician 23  
Verdigreece its symptoms, 43. antidotes ●●.  
Vertigo may be may be caused of poisons 81.103, 141  
Vesperium what, i●s Definition, 230. symptoms 231.  
antidotes 222  
Vespis its symptoms, 165. antidotes 164  
Viper its symptoms, 182. 183, etc. antidotes 180.  
Mercurius Vitae, how good or bad 36, 37  
Vitriol and its antidotes 41, 42  
Universal medicines justly censured * 23  
The Vulgar and ignorant can never put the art of Physic in practice ‖ 2   

VV.  
WAllnut-Tree its symptoms, 81. antidotes 83  
Wasps their symptoms, 16●. antidotes 164  
Watchfulness may be caused of poison 60  
Woolfbane its symptoms, 69. antidotes 70  
A Wolveses by't poisonous if mad, 145. its symptoms, ibid. 146.147.148, 149. antidotes 129.130, etc.  
A Woman-Doctor a monster in nature, 57 many times doth much hurt, ibid. 143. ‖ 3.14, 15   

Y.  
YEllow Hen-bane seed 58  
The Yew-Tree in Arcadia kill such as sleep under its shadow, 19 as also in Spain 84. and how 19 why it is not offensive here in England, ibid. its symptoms, 84. antidotes 83   
FINIS.