Organon Salutis. AN INSTRUMENT to cleanse the Stomach, As also divers new Experiments of the virtue of TOBACCO and COFFEE: How much they conduce to preserve human health. By W. R. of Gray's inn, Esq. Experto credo. LONDON, Printed by R Hodgkinson, for D. Pakeman, living at the Rainbow in Fleetstreet, near the Inner Temple Gate, 1657. To the right honourable, HENRY, Lord Marquess of Dorchester, &c. AS Apollo among the Planets, so, I may say, your Lordship is among Peers: In the vast Firmament of Learning you out shine them all: And understanding that, among other scientifical Speculations, your Lordship hath been addicted to the study of physic (wherein you have made such an admired progress, that you have attained, not only the Theory, but the practice thereof) I am bold to dedicate this small piece to your Lordship; wherein there are divers new physical experiments, for the universal health of mankind: Therefore I presume no discerning Reader will adjudge this address to be improper. Moreover, there's another Reason that induced me hereunto, which was, That I knew your Lordship to have been pleased to admit yourself to Gray's inn, and make it your museum, or place of retirement, (which I hold to be one of the greatest honours that Society ever received) and being a Member thereof myself, I adventured to make this Dedication; For which nevertheless I crave your pardon, and rest, My highly honoured Lord, Your obedient, and most humble Servant, W●. RUMSEY. TO My worshipful and much honoured Friend, Sir HENRY BLOUNT Knight. SIR, MY miseries (in matter of my health) made me in my old age (being now seventy two years old) to remember what I learned in my youth at School, in reading of Tully's Office, (that is) after taking notice of my own body, to observe what did do me good, or harm, before I should use the help of physicians: this made me to collect what I have written in this Book, for mine own private use. Many of my friends urged me to leave the same to be printed for the benefit of others; which I was loath to do, in respect it is a Novelty, not prescribed by others, until I understood by you, that it was well accepted in foreign parts by persons of great quality and knowledge, which came by the same Relations of yours unto them. I lately understood that your discovery, in your excellent Book of Travels, hath brought the use of the Turks physic, of coffee in great request in England, whereof I have made use, in another form than is used by boiling of it in Turkey, and being less loathsome and troublesome; wherefore I thought meet to send this Book to you, and to refer it to your judgement, whether it be fit to be published in print. If you let it to pass under your protection, I little care what others speak of it, and rest Sir, your loving Friend and Servant W●. Rumsey. The Answer of Sir HENRY BLOUNT Knight, to the preceding Letter of his worthy Friend judge RUMSEY. SIR, I Present you with many thanks for your excellent physic Treatise, and for your favour in the direction of it to me; But for your printing of it, all mankind is to give you thanks. For certainly all ages and Nations have ever held a grateful memory of the inventors of any device or Engine, to the public advantage of human life: For, as it is the goodness of God that gives us life; so, of all men, they are most subservient to that goodness, who help to make that life long and comfortable; amongst whom this your Whalebone Instrument will assuredly cause your name to stand. It hath already (though crept out by stealth) gained much credit abroad, in foreign countries; where I have known persons of eminent quality to hold it in great esteem. And besides the undenied reputation (where rightly used) it gains, in the experience & practise thereof, it cannot in a rational discourse, but have much preeminence above the usual way of physic. For doubtless men's diseases arise from the Stomach; whose impurities obstruct the passages of life, poisoning and fermenting the whole moisture of man's body, till it becomes like a House which having it Vaults and Sinks furred up and stopped, soon grows so full of putrefaction and stink as cannot be endured: In which case physicians are like men who should advise to cast into such a house myrrh, Musk, ambergris, or other precious stuff, in hopes to amend the uncleanness thereof: And to magnify that course as rational, they make learned discourses of the drugs and the several degrees of heat or cold, with their specific virtues, which countenanced under strange names and Authors, prevail to be made trial of. But at last, when the simple Master of the House (after much fruitless trouble and expense) finds no effect, but that the corruption and stench is grown more abominable: Then come you with this Engine, like some discreet Person, who with a Broom and a little water, without charge, in half an hours time, makes a cleaner House, than the others, with all their parade, cost, and trouble could ever do: But as for the two remarkable Simples, which you most employ; that is Tobacco and coffee, a man may guess at their rare efficacy, who observes how universally they take with mankind, and yet have not the advantage of any pleasing taste wherewith to tempt and debauch our palate, as Wine and other such pernicious things have; for at the first-Tobacco is most horrid, and coffee insipid, yet do they both so general prevail, that Bread itself is not of so universal use. The Tartars and Arabs, two great Nations, have little or no use of Bread, yet they, the Turks, Persians, and most of the eastern World, have hourly use of Tobacco and coffee, but especially of coffee: For, besides the innumerable store of coffee houses, there is not a private fire without it all day long: They all acknowledge how it freeth them from crudities, caused by ill diet, or moist lodging; insomuch as they, using coffee morning and evening, have no Consumptions, which ever come of moisture; no Lethargies in aged people, or Rickets in Children; and but few qualms in women with child; but especially they hold it of singular prevention against Stone and Gout. When a Turk is sick, he fasts and takes coffee, and if that will not do, he makes his will, and thinks of no other physic. And as for your way of taking both coffee and Tobacco, the rarity of the invention consists in leaving the old way: For the water of the one, and the smoke of the other may be of inconvenience to many; but your way in both takes in the virtue of the Simples, without any additional mischief. And as for Tobacco, not in smoke, but swallowed down, there is not observed a more sure or sudden remedy for a Cough or the Stone, amongst all that men have found out. And whereas most medicinal Books are usually but bare transcriptions from former Writers; and so nothing but hearsay upon hear say, with monstrous addition of untruth upon untruth, till upon try all not one receipt in an hundred makes good what it promiseth. Yours is all of your own constant experience on yourself and others; which in your personal recovery, and healthful old age, gives a fair pledge to all who please to follow so considerable an Example. Thus, Sir, with my best thanks I present you the love and Service of him who is Your affectionate Friend and Servant, HENRY BLOUNT. To his highly esteemed Friend and Compatriot Judge Rumsey, upon his Provang, or rare pectoral Instrument, and his rare experiments of coffee, and Tobacco. SIR, SINCE I knew the World, I have known divers sorts of Instruments: The first that I was acquainted withal, was Aristotle's Organon, or Instrument at Oxford: Another was the great happy Instrument at Munster: The third was the Instrument which was made after the dissolution of the late long Parliament; That in Oxford was Instrumentum Logicae, The Instrument of logic; That in Munster was Instrumentum Pacis, The Instrument of Peace; The last was Instrumentum Politicum, the Instrument of Policy. Now your Instrument is most properly called The Instrument of Health and may take place among the rest. Without controversy it was an Invention very happily lighted upon, and obligeth all mankind to give you thanks: For he who finds out any thing conducing to human health, is the best Cosmopolite, the best among the Citizens of the World; health being the most precious jewel of Nature, without which we cannot well discharge our duties to God or man. But indeed there's no perfection of health in this life, where we converse with the Elements; the best is a valetudinary kind of disposition; and this proceeds from the perpetual conflict of the humours within us for predomination▪ which were they equally balanced, and in peace, Methuselah's years would be but a short life among us. Now this combat, and malignity of the humours ariseth from the Stomach; which, like a boiling pot on the fire, is still boiling within us, and hath much froth; whence, if the concoction be not very good, there are ill-favoured fumes, and fuliginous evaporations that ascend into the head; where being distilled, they descend in catarrhs and defluxions sometimes upon the optics, and that may be called the Gout in the Eyes; if they fall upon the Teeth, it may be called the Gout in the Mouth; If into the Hands, 'tis Chiragra; if in the Hip, Sciatica; if in the Knees, Gonagra; if in the Feet, Podagra. Now Sir, Your Instrument serves to take away the grounds of these distempers, by rummaging and scouring the Stomach, and make it expectorate that froth, or phlegmy stuff which lodgeth there, and that in a more gentle manner than any drug. 'Tis true that rhubarb is good against Choler, Agaric against phlegm, and Hellebore against Melancholy; but they use to stir the humours so violently by their nauseousness, that their operation is a sickness of itself all the while. Your Instrument causeth no such thing, nor leaves any lurking dregs behind, as drugs use to do. Touching Coffee, I concur with them in opinion, who hold it to be that black broth which was used of old in Lacedaemon, whereof the Poets sing; Surely it must needs be salutiferous, because so many sagacious, and the wittiest sort of Nations use it so much; as they who have conversed with Shashes and turbans do well know. But besides the exsiccant quality it hath to dry up the crudities of the Stomach, as also to comfort the Brain, to fortify the sight with its steem, and prevent Dropsies, Gouts, the scurvy, together with the Spleen, and hypochondriacal winds (all which it doth without any violence or distemper at all) I say, besides all these qualities, 'tis found already, that this Coffee drink hath caused a greater sobriety among the Nations: For whereas formerly Apprentices and Clerks with others, used to take their morning's draught in Ale, Beer, or Wine, which by the dizziness they cause in the Brain, make many unfit for business, they use now to play the Good-fellows in this wakeful and civil drink: Therefore that worthy Gentleman, Mr. Mudiford, who introduced the practice hereof first to London, deserves much respect of the whole Nation▪ Concerning Tobacco, which the Spaniards call la Yerva santa, the holy herb; in regard of the sundry virtues it hath: without doubt'tis also a wholesome vegetal, if rightly applied, and seasonably taken, It helps concoction, makes one void rheum, break wind, and keeps the body open: A leaf or two steeped in white Wine, or Beer over night, is a Vomit that never fails; It is a good Companion to sedentary men, and Students when they are stupefied by long reading or writing, by dissipating those vapours which use to o'er-cloud the Brain: The smoke of it is passing good against all contagious airs; In so much that if one takes two or three puffs in the morning, before he goes abroad▪ there's no infectious air can fasten upon him; for it keeps out all other scents, according to the axiom, Intus existens prohibet alienum. But Sir, I find that you have made other experiments of these two simples, which though not so gustful, conduce much to human health: And touching your Provang, or Whale-bone Instrument, let me tell you, that it hath purchased much repute abroad among foreigners; In so much that some, in imitation of yours, have found a way to make such an Instrument of ductible Gold, and you know what a cordial Gold is. I have been told of another kind of new Instrument, that will conveniently reach from the mouth, to let in the smoke of Tobacco at the fundament, and it hath done much good. Certainly there are in nature's Cabinet, many boxes yet undiscovered; there are divers Mysteries and Magnalia's yet unknown; there be sundry effects which she would produce, but she wants the hand of Art to cooperate, and help her, as it were by the way of Midwifery: the world must needs confess that you have done her a great good Office herein. So, with my hearty kind respects unto you, wishing that some happy occasion were offered, whereby I might be instrumental unto you, I rest, Worthy Sir, Your most affectionate Friend and Compatriot, JAMES HOWELL. CHAP. I. The miserable Case of mankind. I. WE cannot live without daily food; And from that food there ariseth not only our nourishment, but also several superfluous matters following, which are the principal Causes of all diseases which cannot be absolutely helped, although much mitigated by any temperate diet. II. In the Stomach undigested meat, phlegm, and evil humours, from whence proceed Choler and Melancholy, &c. and by consequence the Stone, Gout, and many other infirmity. III. Also in the Stomach, wind; from whence cometh the wind-colic, and vapours, which disturb the Head, and breed Headaches, &c. IV. In the Guts, Stoppages of wind, and of digested Excrements; which disturb the whole body. V. In the Uritory passages, Stoppages of wind, and all moist things▪ wherewith we nourish nature; which breeds the Stone and Stranguries, &c. VI. In the Veins and other parts of the body are corrupt humours, which nature draweth, with the Quintessence of our food, for maintenance of the several parts of the body; from whence cometh the Gout, and Infirmities in the Eyes, and other parts of the body; which when strength of Nature cannot expel outwardly, than the same returns upon the inward noble parts, to destroy man. VII. Excessiveness of Heat and Cold in several parts of the body; which breeds Agues and fevers: so that a man cannot easily help the one, without offending the other. VIII. When nature, by reason of Age, or some other accident, falleth to expel these evils, although physic may do much to take away the enemies of Nature, yet the same also taketh away the vital Spirits, to the destruction of Man; so that means must be found, otherwise to do the same. That in the speaking of my opinion Note. to all these points, I follow the Method of my profession in the Law, to open and argue my conceit in every part of the Case, and cite Experiences like Judgements thereupon, and leave others to argue the contrary at their pleasure, without any reply, and leave the success to justify the truth of what I publish, CHAP. II. Materials to be used as Remedies for several occasions following. 1. A Whalebone Instrument, which may be made from two foot in length or more, to a yard long, after this form, to be used for all Ages, according to the stature of their bodies. It may be made after the form of a long Feather out of a Goose wing, with a small Button of fine linen, or Silk, to the bigness of a Cherry-stone, fastened at the one end, which goeth into the body, and with a string fastened at the other end, that a man may use it, and draw it out at pleasure. These are commonly sold in London, and especially at the long Shops in Westminster-Hall. If it be kept in water, it will be as gentle as may be desired. It must be stirred gently, and always used after some meat and drink, as any man liketh best, and findeth occasion for a Vomit. 2. Electuary of Cophy. TAke equal quantity of Butter and salad-oil, melt them well together, but not boil them: Then stir them well that they may incorporate together: Then melt therewith three times as much honey, and stir it well together▪ Then add thereunto Powder of Turkish coffee, to make it a thick Electuary. 3. Infusion of Tobacco. TAke a quarter of a pound of Tobacco, and a quart of Ale, White-wine, or cider, and three or four spoonfuls of honey, and two pennyworth of Mace; And infuse these by a soft fire, in a close earthen pot, to the consumption of almost the one half: Then strain it, and keep it in a close bottle. If it be kept long, than once every week let it be warmed by the fire, to keep it from vinowing. 4. Cordials. BAke a pot of Apples or Pears pared and cored, with household Bread: Then lay a thin laying of honey in the bottom of an earthen pot: Lay thereupon a laying of the baked Apples, one inch thick: Lay thereupon a thin laying of the powder of Enulacampane roots, and a little pounded Nutmeg, and Ginger: Lay thereupon▪ several layings of honey, baked Apples, and powders, as before, to fill the pot. Cover the same with paste, and bake the same with household Bread: Quinces, oranges and Lemmon pills may be added thereunto, to bake. When the same is so baked, if you mingle therewith rose-water, and Sugar pounded, altogether, it will be more pleasant. 5. Ointments. INfuse in a close earthen pot by a soft fire, or boil in a S●illet, a quarter of a pound of Tobacco in a pint of salad-oil or fresh Butter, without Salt, until the Tobacco grow so brittle, that it may be bruised with the finger: Then strain it; then add thereunto pounded Nutmeg and Cloves, before it be fully infused▪ to make it sweet: Then strain this and keep it for your use. Note, That if it be afterwards melted with Burgundie-pi●ch or Frankincense, it may be made thicker at pleasure. 6. Suppositers. TAke equal quantity of Frankincense and Rosin; melt them well together; then add thereunto as much of the said ointment, as shall leave it to be of a sufficient consistence to be a Suppositer, which will quickly be seen by laying it in cold water, and making it into Rolls: If it be too soft, melt it again with more Frankincense and Rosin, and so it may be made softer, with adding more of the said ointment. Rosin only thus used will serve the turn. 7. Plasters. MElt the said Suppositers made of Rosin and Frankincense, with like equal quantities of Burgundy or Stone Pitch and Wax, which may then be cast into cold water: Then work them in your hands, and make them up into Rolls, and use it at your pleasure. You may make them softer or harder, as before. 8. Aliter. ALso the same may be melted again, whereunto may be added verdigris to eat dead flesh: also White-lead or Red-lead may be used to cool and heal, &c. which I leave to the Compounders of plasters; but I know by constant experience, That this ointment and plasters do admirable things upon all occasions, as well as any other ointments or plasters which are ordinarily sold in the Shops. 9 Sinapismus. THis Mustard plaster is made after several forms, but for a plain way, Take equal quantity of sharp Mustard and black ordinary soap, with store of fine pounded Pepper to make it thick: If it be in Summer you may add thereunto the pounded leaves of Spearwort, which grows in moorish grounds, and pound them altogether, and apply it to the place grieved. The leaves of Spearwort pounded will work the like effect: Also you may take six Cantharides flies, and pound them very fine, and make them to a thick Paste with Vinegar and Leven of Bread; but never use any of these to above the breadth of six pence. Although these things be made after Note. a rude and plain manner, yet the same are cheap, and without offence to be used, which I leave to be made more curiously by the Apothecaries. CHAP. III We cannot live without daily food, 1. Point. and from that food there ariseth not only our nourishment, but also several superfluous matters, following, which are the principal causes of all diseases; which cannot be absolutely helped, although much mitigated by any temperate diet. 1. HOW necessary our food is, every man knoweth; How it is our Portion, and God's goodness in this life, see Ecclesiastes cap. 2. and cap. 5. And how miserable a man's life is without a good stomach to his meat, see Ecclesiasticus cap. 30. 2. That from the superfluities of that meat, after the concoction of it in our stomachs, there remains certain superfluous matters, which are like barm upon drink, and froth upon the best boiled meat, is the general opinion of physicians: And that the same are the principal causes of all diseases, which is plainly set forth ●y Gratorolus in his Chapter of Exercises. 3. That the increase of these Superfluities may be much mitigated by temperate diet and Exercises, as the opinion of all honest and godly men, whereof a man may see good directions in Ecclesiasticus, cap. 31. But how impossible it, is for a man by a strict diet, although he observes the Rules of Lesius, to help this evil, a man may read at large in Doctor Primrose his book of vulgar errors in physic▪ lib. 3. cap. 3. &c. And many learned physicians do maintain, that there is less danger in a little over liberal, than in an over sparing diet; whereof see Hippocrates Aphorisms, lib. 1. Aphor. 5. etc, and Rantzovius, and many others maintain the same, and Lemnius de occultis in many places maintaineth the same; in so much that he spendeth a whole Chapter to maintain, that after a light Breakfast, a man shall be more able to eat a more liberal Dinner; and there is good reason for it; for that when nature hath no food to feed upon, than it feedeth upon the corrupt humours, which breeds unrecoverable diseases and a general decay of nature, for want of sustenance. I leave this to every man's age and experience; but I find it expedient for all men, rather to eat often sparingly, than to eat much at usual meals, and especially at supper. CHAP. IV. In the stomach undigested meat, 2. Point. phlegm and evil humours, from whence proceeds Choler and Melancholy, etc▪ and by consequence the Stone, and many other infirmity. 1. TThat after the disposition of the meat in the stomach, there remains part of the meat undigested, it is too well known to moderate surferters, and very often to foul and weak stomachs, and to old age: As for the time when the stomach hath disposed of what it can digest, that is after sleep; so Heurinus upon Hippocrates aphorisms; and than a man must look to it, to remedy himself or suffer great evils. 2. That superfluous matters do arise after the concoction and digestion of our meat, hath been showed before, cap. 3. That those matters are at first phlegm, which, being baked with the heat of the stomach, breed Choler, &c. and by consequence the Stone, is the general opinion of learned physicians; And Vanthelmont (a rare late Writer) describeth the same in many places, and showeth how the humours are not of such several natures, as they are ordinarily distinguished, but originally are phlegm, and then baked to higher degrees, and get other names, as Choler, &c. 3. The seat of these humours are in the stomach, but principally in the mouth of the stomach, which is the principal seat of life, which Vanthelmont describeth excellently; where he saith, That in the stomach, but especially in the mouth thereof, as in the very centre point and root, is evidently settled the beginning of life, of digestion of meat, and of the disposition thereof to maintain life, what then soever the Philosophers (or physicians) did talk or think to be of great moment concerning the heart, whether they will or no, they have made it common to the stomach. 4. Common experience shows this to be true in very many men, who can neither eat or drink in the morning, but loathe the same, and are troubled with waterish humours, but cannot get away the same with all their fasting and physic. 5. How to avoid these superfluous humours, is our great labour, for otherwise they are the occasions of diseases, as is said before; and besides that, while they are in the body, they make our bodies like unseasonable vessels, which do spoil the good meat which we do put in our stomachs for our nourishments, so that it cannot be well digested; which made Hippocrates to deliver the aphorisms, lib. 2. Aphor. 2. Corpora impura, &c. That the more sustenance is taken into unpure bodies, the more mischief happens unto them. How far then do they err, who having foul dodies, do endeavour to help themselves with Caudles and cordials before their bodies be cleansed, and made fit to receive the same? 6. Labour and Exercise have been accounted, and are the best ordinary means to wear out these corrupt humours, and to help digestion thereof, for which purpose Rantzovius cap. 9 and Grator in his Chapter of Exercise, have written much out of many Authors; yet for all that it must be with this Limitation (Dum vires, &c.) while youth and strength of body doth last, and before old age come, or the body groweth weak with Infirmities: And let a man be never so lusty and strong, yet nevertheless excessiveness of humours in the body do often kill the strongest and most laborious men, whereof we have daily many fearful examples, which made Rantzovius, cap. 18. say well, That the retaining of corrupt meat in the stomach, is a strong destruction of the body; and cap. 50. saith, That the Plague itself cannot invade that man, who hath not corrupt humours. How far then do they err, who think to wear out these humours by fasting and exercise, when it may be quickly done otherwise, with so little labour and trouble as before, cap 2 n. 1. And hereafter, n. 8. &c. I leave it to every man's judgement? and leave careless men to perish in their own negligent ways. 7. Lemnius de occultis hath written a whole Chapter of the rattle which men have in their throats before they die, and ascribes it to the contractions of the vital spirits, &c. and so it may be well enough; for that a man's breath is stopped by phlegm and undigested humours, which come from the mouth of the stomach into the throat, as well as an halter doth stop it outwardly. 8. When all means are tried to Vomiting. avoid both corrupt humours and corrupt meat in the stomach, vomiting of it up is accounted the best means by Rantzovius and Heurinus, and many learned physicians commend it exceedingly, and say that the Egyptians and Chaldeans used it twice every month: And Fernelius saith, that it purgeth not only the stomach, but also all the other parts of the body, to the very heart. And finally, That as all evil humours do come out of the stomach to disturb all parts of the body, by certain secret passages: So if the stomach be made clean by vomiting, the same corrupt humours return into the stomach again by the same passages, to be avoided by the ordinary passages of nature, which otherwise cannot be purged downwards; whereof a man may read it at large in Rantzovius, cap. 18. and Fernelius there, lib. 3. cap. 3. and Parent his notable book of chirurgery and physic, and many others. 9 How dangerous it is to procure vomiting by the ordinary course of physic, I leave it until you come to the eighth following point cap 10. But how to do it otherwise with little or no offence or disturbance unto nature, and without observing of any curious diet, or hindrance to a man in his Vocations or Journeys; that is my principal labour, for which purpose I shall show this easy and safe way following. 10. Whether it be in time of health Remedy▪ or sickness, whensoever you find any evil Instrument. disposition in the stomach, eat a convenient meal of what meat and drink you please, then walk a little while after it: Then sit down with your body bending, and thrust the said Whalebone Instrument into your stomach, stirring it very gently, which will make you vomit; then drink a good draught of drink, and so use the Instrument as oft as you please, but never do this upon any empty stomach. 11. To make the stomach more apt to vomit, and to prepare the humours thereunto before you eat and drink, Take the bigness of a Nutmeg, or more of the said Electuary of coffee, &c. into your mouth; then take drink to drive it down; then eat and drink, and walk, and use the Instrument as before. There may be more or less of the said Electuary taken at any time before meat, as a man finds it to be most agreeable to the constitution and strength of his body, without any curious observance of diet or fire, or hindrance for a man to go or travel about his business. 12. Some may think it strange to procure Vomit with this Instrument, rather than by physic; but look upon Rantzovius, cap. 18. and other books, and there you shall find them, to direct, that if a Vomit will not work, you must help the same with putting a feather into the throat; and many use a Rosemary branch: but these things do not go into the bottom of the stomach to stir up the humours (as the whalebone Instrument doth) which I leave to every man's experience. 13. Many objections have been made against this course, which nevertheless I do not find by experience, that the same are of any weight, to alter what is before directed. 14. As to that which physic books say, That vomiting more often than twice a month is dangerous, and may bring a man to an habit of vomiting, and so weaken the stomach, whereunto I do agree, If it be done by physic, whose operations are contrary to nature, as Fernelius saith. But this way I prescribe is natural, which may appear in little Children who are at Nurse, and are never accounted healthy but when they vomit often. Also the Dog is taught by nature to vomit, and all manner of hawks cast their castings every morning, otherwise they are not in health. And the council in Ecclesiasticus, cap 31. doth not extend only unto superfluity of meat, but also to superfluity of humours▪ and divers old Commentators of that place affi●m it, to extend as a council to help and strengthen weak stomachs. 15. Others say, what good doth the meat when it is vomited up again, and that whosoever do use it, have not the benefit of nature downwards? Whereunto I say, by experience, that all the meat doth not come up, but part of it, which is in the upper regiment of the stomach, and doth carry with it the corrupt humours of the stomach, which doth swim upon the top of the meat, and nature being eased of that burden, doth work the residue of the meat more freely downwards, which may be found by experience; and also nature draweth quickly the quintessence of the meat to the nourishment of the body, to avoid all corrupt humours, so that the body & mind shall be more strong and free for all occasions, and shall be with far less trouble, charge, and danger, than to ☞ do the same by physic. 16. In respect I have spoken so much of Vomiting, I will add the opinion of learned Fernelius there, where he saith, That if after a Vomit, the pulse being full and strong, pleasant sleep cometh easy, and free ☞ breathing, a good appetite, and the rest of the body lighter; then the Vomit is commendable, otherwise not, and very hurtful: I leave the experience hereof to every man's judgement who useth it. 17. That although by vomiting, as aforesaid, a man shall avoid much thick phlegm, yet by the often using of the said Electuary of coffee, &c. Although a man shall by ordinary coughing avoid great pieces of blue congealed phlegm, which I could not see avoided by any other means. If a man will take a spoonful of the said infusion of Tobacco in his morning's draught of Ale or Beer, it will add much good for this purpose, without loathsomeness or trouble to the body. 18. Lastly, I have often found, that if a man taketh from two spoonful to twelve, according as a man findeth by experience to be agreeable to his age and constitution, of the said infusion of Tobacco, cap. 2. n. 4. and drink it in a cup with Ale or Beer, the same is very good vomit: And divers lately have made the like Infusion in Posset drink; but I find no great difference in the operation thereof. Observe when it doth work to drink good store of Posset or other drink after it. CHAP. V. In the stomach Wind, from whence 3. Point. cometh the wind-colic and Vapours, which disturb the head, and breed headaches, &c. 1. THe principal cause of wind in the stomach is either undigested meat or undigested humours. Clear the stomach with vomiting, as before, and then you shall be clear from wind. 2. When a man is troubled with wind in the stomach, let him put the Instrument into his stomach, as before, a man shall find great belching, and ease of the wind; and especially if a man take a little of the said Electuary of coffee, as before, before you put in the Instrument, and then drink after it, as before, and then use the Instrument without stirring of it to procure vomiting. 3. Afterwards eat of the said cordial made of Enulacampane, &c. cap. 2. n. 4. which is a plain cheap cordial, and is admirable good to comfort the stomach upon all occasions. That any cordial or powders may Note. be added or mingled with this Electuary, with very good effect. 4. Because men cannot ordinarily have the said composition, I thought fit to add one thing more, made with great ease, and of admirable use, as well for the wind, as also to dissolve tough phlegm and humours in the stomach, as also to comfort the stomach, that is, Take Enulacampane Roots dried, pounded, and sifted, mingle therewith as much Sugar as shall please your taste, to take away the bitterness of the roots: Then add thereunto a small quantity of pounded Nutmeg and Ginger: Mingle all these together with a sufficient quantity of salad-oil, honey, or other pleasant syrup, to the thickness of an Electuary. Take into your mouth, from the bigness of a Nutmeg to the bigness of a fig, every morning or oftener at pleasure; then drink after it to wash it down, if you please; but if you will not drink, than this cordial will lie in the upper part of the stomach, and much comfort the same; but herein I leave it to every man's observation and experience, to observe what doth best agree with his own body. 5. I have also found good use of taking a spoonful of powders of Nutmeg and Ginger, with a spoonful of hot Waters for that purpose. CHAP. VI In the Guts stoppages of wind, and 4. Point. of digested excrements, which disturb the whole Body. 1. THe stoppage of Excrements in the Guts are the occasion of many evils. Gratorolus▪ fol. 180. saith, All physicians do agree, that health is principally preserved with, keeping the body conveniently loose: And let them all say what they will, unless the fore door and the back door of the body be kept open, as occasion serveth, the body will be quickly destroyed, with much reluctation and trouble. And how impossible it is to purge downwards, what is not first digested in the stomach, all men know, and Authors agree. 2. This maketh physicians to be so ready upon all occasions, and sickness, to give Pills Potions, and Glisters, &c. which are made of many and costly compositions, and require much observances of diet, and air, &c. but in the end breed infinite inconveniences, as may appear hereafter, cap. 10. 3. To spare all this cost and curiosity, whosoever will use the said Electuary of coffee: And then a man may keep himself conveniently loose at his pleasure. But if a man be desirous for this Electuary to work stronger, than one may add thereunto a small quantity of Sena Epithamum, or rhubarb (which physicians account to be safe physic for old men, children, and women with child.) And then if a man take a pipe of Tobacco in the morning, he shall find good use thereof. 4. In respect divers men are loath to take any physic into their mouths, and especially little children are not able, when they are sickly and very pale with worms, the said Suppositers, cap 2. n. 6. being taken from the Roll, and warmed in a man's hand, or by the fire, and used to what bigness a man pleaseth, but ordinarily to the bigness of the fore joint of your little finger, and cast it into cold water to harden, and after anointed with the said oil of Tobacco, and use it at your pleasure, with good success. Although it be not a quick worker, yet the same brings no danger of the Piles of Ulcers in the Fundament, by 〈◊〉 using thereof, as other Suppositers do (but rather heal the same▪ In the making of these Suppositers, ●e 〈◊〉 and powder of cumin seed, may be added to very good purpose for the wind. 5. If the same be used to little children, Note. it will much conduce for their health, and to avoid worms, to have their bellies well anointed by the fire with the said oil of Tobacco, when they use these Suppositers. 6. If a man hath not a convenient loose stool, then let him put in another like Suppositer presently. This may be used every morning or at any other time, as occasion serveth. 7. As the Suppositers commonly used do bring the danger of the Piles and Ulcers, so Glisters oftentimes prove very dangerous, by working upwards the clean contrary way, which Doctor Primrose confefleth: And when a Glister will not work, than they must have the help of a Suppositer, as Wecker confesseth. 8. In respect I have spoken so much of the use of Tobacco, to work upwards and downwards, let a man read Doctor Primrose, in his book of Vulgar Errors in physic, who maintaineth the same, and also where he maintaineth, That if a physician prescribes a Vomit or a Purge, which works contrary effects, he ought to be blamed, by reason of some inward and unknown causes. And for the admirable use of Tobacco taken inwardly, or used outwardly, a man may read many excellent things in Wickers Antidotary, in so much as he calleth it the Panacea, or general remedy for all diseases and griefs, besides the excessive taking of it in smoke, which I leave to the censure of Democritus junior: Besides that, it doth over heat the body, and bake the undigested humours in the mouth of the stomach to the destruction of man. CHAP. VII. In the uritory passages, stoppages of 5. point. wind, and all moist things, wherewith we nourish nature, which breeds the Stone and the strangury. Etc, 1. AS the Stone proceedeth from the said corrupt humours, so the vomiting thereof doth much conduce to stay the growing thereof. Also if you make a toast of manchet bread, with Saletoyle, and then toast it again with honey, and eat it, and drink a good draught of Beer or White-wine after it. The constant use hereof is very good to preserve a man from the Stone, as I found by many experiences. 2. I have spoken so much before concerning the means of vomiting and purging, and how much the same do conduce to preserve a man from the Stone, that I need not say any more thereof: Yet I must once again, upon certain evidence, say, That the often using of the said Electuary of coffee, and toasts, doth exceedingly conduce to the help and cure of the Stone; together with a temperate diet, but especially at Suppers. 3. I have heard lately from men of good credit, That there is an excellent remedy for the Stone in the kidneys, by drinking of the liquour in the tanner's pits; and for the Stone in the Bladder, by using of the same liquour there with a Syringe: which I leave to further Experience; and will not trouble myself with it, while I may drink good Ale, &c. and help myself otherwise, as aforesaid. CHAP. VIII. In the Veins, and other parts of the 6. Point. body, are corrupt humours, which Nature draweth, with the Quintessence of our food for maintenance of the several parts of the body; from whence cometh the Gout, and Infirmities in the Eyes, and other parts of the body; which when strength of nature cannot expel outwardly, than the same return upon the inward noble parts to destroy Man. 1. THAT those humours come out of the Stomach to the several parts of the body; and that those humours return to the Stomach again, to be avoided by the ordinary passages of nature, and especially by vomit, doth appear, by that which is before spoken. 2. The Gout is the principal, and reputed unrecoverable Disease, which cometh from those humours, and runneth up and down into several parts of the body, to seek some vent to get out of the body: In which case, although I will not presume to say, that the Gout can be absolutely cured, yet I dare say, that it may be much eased, so that a man may live long, without much trouble of that disease. 3. Although vomiting is the principal means to avoid the matter of the Gout, as aforesaid; yet there be other outward means to draw the gouty humour which remaineth in the joints; which may stand well with Hippocrates his Aphorism, where he saith, that where Nature swelleth, and offereth to vent itself, there it is to be avoided in convenient places. 4. Many be the ways and means which are prescribed in physic books: But that which, after many experiences, I found best, is, to apply a Sinapismus, or Mustard plaster, as before; and that before and afterwards to apply one of the Dropaces, or pitch plaster, as cap. 2. numb. 7. which the learned Heurinus in his Method doth commend exceedingly; and doth much condemn the neglect thereof; which he thinketh to be for no other cause, but because it is cheap. 5. It must be applied in convenient places, as I cited before out of Hippocrates. Which places I found to be most convenient, and with less offence (are these, that is) If the pain be in the Feet, between the great and little Toes, where the Toes do part: If in the Heel or ankle, to the sinews of both sides of the shin bone, over against the lower part of the Calf of the leg: If in the Knee or leg, a little below the Kneepanne, and, as before, by the Calf of the leg: If in the Fingers, upon the back of the Hand, between the forefinger, and Little-finger, where the finger's part: If in the Wrist or arm, to the Inner part of the Wrist: If in the Neck, &c. then to the Nape, or hinder part of the Neck. 6. This Mustard plaster is to be used in this manner First, a convenient large plaster made of Frankincense, Pitch &c. as before, is to be applied to one of the said places for at least six hours; Then make a lesser plaster of about an Inch, and not above two Inches in breadth, of the said Mustard plaster; and apply it to one of the said places, as occasion shall require: let the same stay there for about eight hours, until the place blister and grow red: then take away the Mustard plaster, and lay the other plaster thereupon. If the place do blister, prick the same, to let out the water. Take this plaster from the place applied, once every twelve hours, or oftener: W●pe the place affected, and plaster, and so continue the same until the place doth heal. Thus I have seen it often used, and never miss admirable effects; and without this course I have found all to be labour in vain. 7. Although men generally conceive the Gout to be only a waterish humour, yet, by the use of the means aforesaid, I have drawn out of the Feet and Hands, humours of the thickness of white of eggs; and when it had stood a quarter of an hour, it grew to be a substance, like leather; so that I could scarce tear it with the strength of both my hands: which I verily believe is the humour which congeals in the hands, and makes crooked and knotty hands. 8. Although this will draw the waterish and salted humours out of the joints; yet there is an easy convenient way to draw it out of the Stomach, to prevent it from coming to the joints, (that is) Take about the bigness of a Nutmeg of the said Electuary of coffee, as before, every morning when a man is rising out of his bed: Then take into your mouth about an Inch in length of the stalk of a Tobacco leaf well dried, and a little Cinnamon, to take away the loathsome taste thereof; which will draw the rheum out of the mouth; and as it doth moisten, bite it; and sometimes a little of the juice of it may be let into the Stomach; and than drink some drink to drive it down: This a man may do while he is putting on of his clothes, and oftener, as a man findeth it to agree with his body, without offence. But Tobacco leaves, or the stalks thereof, undried are loathsome and troublesome, howsoever the same are prescribed by Wecker's antidotaryes. I have known some being troubled with the Pox, have received great benefit by often drawing of waterish humours with Tobacco, &c. as before: But I leave them to Mother Cornelius Tub. 9 I do know that there are Infinite numbers of baths and Pultices prescribed for the Gout; but I have often found, that boiled Turnips made to a Pultice, and the water wherein they were boiled for a bath, will serve as well as any others. Look more thereof chap. 11. numb. 20. the end thereof. 10. Also I have found a very good Pultice, by beating of the white of eggs to a froth; and then to mingle therewith ordinary Soap, and apply it to the grieved place. But if any skin be broken it will burn, unless one of the Pitch plasters be laid on the place under the Pultice. 11. Also if there be any swelling or heat, after these plasters, take green Hemlock and Vinegar pounded to green sauce, and bind it to the place, or lay the leaves of burrs under the said Pitch plaster, to the place grieved. 12. He that will not use these means Note. to draw the humos out of the body, but repercussive means to drive the same back into his body, may shorten his days, and breed many diseases, as I have known it to happen often times. 13. Also the malignancy of these humours may be known by this; For by the said application for the Gout I have often seen, That besides abundance of waterish humours, and thick humours drawn out, as aforesaid, of several parts of the body, but especially out of the Knees, there came out thence an excessive heat, with much smoke, as if it were out of a boiling pot. CHAP. ix.. Excessiveness of heat and cold in 7. Point. several parts of the body, which breeds Agues and fevers; So that a man cannot easily help the one, without offending of the other. 1. THIS is a strange thing, but commonly seen, as in Agues, when a man hath sometimes an hot fit, and sometimes a cold fit, with little intermission of times. And men commonly complain that they have a hot Liver and a cold Stomach. Doctor Primrose hath handled this Question among the vulgar Errors in physic; and makes it plain, that although the Liver be always hot of itself, which over heateth the bottom of the stomach; yet the stomach is cold by accident, by reason of the noisome humours, like barm or froth, which come into the uppermost part of the Stomach, by evil digestion. 2. There be many Julips and curious medicines prescribed by physicians to remedy this evil; and especially in burning fevers; and these are of great use. But to spare much trouble herein, In hot diseases, and upon surfeits, let a man drink oftentimes great store of cold water, and eat a convenient quantity of Broth, Bread, and Butter, and Cheese, and then vomit with the Whalebone Instrument, as before. A man shall thereby avoid the corrupt humours in the Stomach; and than a man shall quickly avoid these infirmity, and bring the body to a good temper; after which a man may drink strong drink, and wine, &c. with little offence. 3. I have known so much good done to all men of all Ages, who would first in the morning drink at least half a pint of cold water; whereunto Sugar may be added, together with the juice of Oranges and lemons, to make it pleasant. That I must say, that I never found any thing of more use for the health of man; but I am afraid I labour in vain, in respect that most men do abhor it, as present poison (as Doctor Primrose saith,) yet he showeth the excellency thereof, by many experiences, and the authorities of many ancient and modern learned Authors. For all this I have found many Doctors of physic (with whom I have conferred hereof) to speak much against it; whereat I do not much marvel; for that, if that be practised, which I have alleged in this Chapter, there will be little use to be made of their physic, and of the shops of the Apothecaries. 4. I must add one thing more for the use of Good fellows, who use much drinking, &c. Let them first drink cold water, as before, to cool their Liver, and bottom of their Stomachs: Then the drinking of Strong drink, &c. will comfort the upper part of their Stomachs; and much hinder the vapours, which fume up to their heads, from the excessive heat of their Stomachs: And their drinking of water after the taking of Tobacco is very good. 5. I have known divers men do swallow small white pebble Stones, to cool the heat of their Stomachs; which I conceive to be in imitation of long winged Hawks: I have used the same myself, and they do pass through a man downwards; but I found little benefit thereby. 6. I have known others that used to swallow small bullets of Lead; which giveth me occasion to report a strange history, which I know to be true. An old soldier, and a Commander in Queen Elizabeth's time, in the low Countries, was drinking of healths amongst his Companions, and at every health he did drink a pistol bullet, to the number of eighteen; which continued in his belly for near the space of two years, with much pain and grief: He acquainted a physician with this case, who did hang the soldier by the Heels, by a beam in the Chamber; and than all the bullets dropped out of his mouth again; but the same were somewhat worn in his Belly. This soldier is yet living, and in good health, and about fourscore and ten years of age. 7. I have spoken so much of the cooling of the Stomach, that it may be expected I should write somewhat of warming of cold Stomachs: But I find every man so ready to take Tobacco, and to drink Wines, and strong drinks, that I need say no more thereof; But, as I have said before, so I say still, keep the Stomach clean, with the said Whalebone Instrument, when you find any disturbance or loathsomeness therein: And keep the lower parts conveniently loose, with the said Suppositers: And draw out the humours which trouble the outward parts, with the said plasters, &c. And keep the body in a temperate heat, as before; and avoid intemperancy in diet; then there will be little use of physic. CHAP. X. When Nature by reason of age, or 8. Point. some other accident, faileth to expel these evils, although physic may do much to take away the enemies of nature, yet the same also taketh away the vital spirits, to the destruction of Man; So that means must be found otherwise to do the same. 1. I Know divers have carped exceedingly against all physicians, and their whole profession and Medicines, whereof a man may read much in Cornelius Agrippa, de vanitate Scientiarum, and Democritus junior, and many others cited by him, and the late book of Mr. Biggs, entitled, The vanity of the Craft of physic. But I much honour and admire the skill and knowledge of such of them as are honest and learned. 2. As for emporiques', Mountebanks, Quacksalvers, and the like, every place is too full of them, which will cure all diseases with one Antidote. Dr. Primrose hath well discovered the Errors of the People concerning them, &c. 3. That the common course of purgative physic is dangerous, by reason of the venomous qualities of the Medicines, appeareth by that which is said before, and by the authority of Fernelius and Rantzovius, and all modest physicians: And the often use thereof is very inconvenient, as those Authors, and Doctor Primrose ingeniously confess: And that when ordinary physic faileth, the best way is to leave the patient to God and Nature. 4. What infinite number of Medicines, and what strange compositions are for every disease, & with what costly materials the same are made, every man may see in Weckerus his Antidotarium Basiliense, and divers others dispensatories; besides a great deal of curious observations must be used at the taking thereof. 5. What diversities of opinions there are about the compounding and administering of these Medicines, and the ordering of the patient to use them, whether they be natural things, after the form of the Galenists, or chemical, after the prescripts of the Paracelsians; or mixed, as Doctor Primrose, and the wiser sort conceived, there are as many controversies amongst them, as there were ever between the Pope and Luther, about matters of Religion. Then what shall the poor sick patient do, especially, if there be a college of such physicians called to consult about this desperate case, but stand quaking like a poor condemned prisoner at the bar, expecting to have his final Judgement, to be sent to the place of execution. CHAP. XI. Additions of several intervenient 9 Point. Remedies for most parts of the body. 1. FOr Scabs and Lice Head. in the Head, rub the scabby place with the said infusion of Tobacco. 2. For sore or Eyes. decaying Eyes, take fine linen clothes, and moisten them in the said infusion of Tobacco, and bind them to your Eyes, as you are going to bed, for the space of five or six nights, one after the other. I have known very many, who were almost blind, cured in a short space by this means; and never any missed. 3. There happened a strange cure to a Servant of mine, who was stark blind for three quarters of a year, which I thought meet to discover. As he was led by his wife (a poor woman) wished her to breathe often in the morning fasting in both his eyes by turns, one after the other, which she did accordingly; this made him to have a great itch in his eyes, which made him rub his eyes often, and with his nails he drew some slime out of his eyes; so that at three days' end he began to see, and shortly after he perfectly recovered his eyesight. This was about twenty years past, and he is now perfectly well and of 66. years of age. 4. If a man will take a linen rag, or Nose. brown paper, and moisten it in the said infusion of Tobacco, and put it in his nose, & draw his breath upwards, it will purge the head and eyes; and if there be any Ulcers, in the Nose (as most men have, who are troubled with the pox) it will much help them. 5. If a man doth bleed over much at the Nose, let a man stand behind the party troubled, and with both his thumbs press hard both sides of the upper part of the backbone upon the neck, it will presently stop the blood. ears. 6. For deafness and noise in the ears, drop the said oil of Tobacco cap. 2. n. 7. into the ears often, but especially at your going to bed: Stop them with a Paste made of figs and Mustard▪ seed pounded, and sifted, and mingled with the said oil, which being used without the oil will be troublesome; and be sure to keep your ears very warm with a Cap. 7. Although I do not know any Teeth. present cure for the Toothache; yet I say, that whosoever will use the stalks of Tobacco as before, it will do him much good, and be a great occasion to fasten the Teeth: also if the said Sinapismus, and Pitch plaster be applied behind the lower part of the ear, it will do much good. 8. The Headache cometh principally headache. from the fumes of the stomach, whosoever will clear the stomach as before, but especially use to drink water in the mornings, and before meals as before, it will be a principal means to keep a man from the headache. 9 He who will use to drink cold Throat. water as before, it will preserve him from the toad-evil, and especial before drinking of Wine, &c. And then Wine and strong Drinks will be less offensive to a man. 10. I know some that have lain sick of the smallpox, and their breath almost stopped; yet by the use of the Whalebone-Instrument, as before the blisters of the Pox were broken in the Throat, and they vomited and were cured. 11. One was in a deep Consumption, and when all physic failed, by using the Whalebone-Instrument as before, there was an impostume broken in the Stomach, and the party perfectly cured, after many physicians had given him over. 12. It often happens that men have great I i in Bones close by the Throat, and in the▪ upper part of the backbone by the Neck, and sometimes Lice come out of the same, if the said Pitch-plaisters be applied thereunto, it will draw much water therehence, and cure the same. 13. I have seen wens in the Throat, and the king's-evil often cured, with the application of the said pitch-plaster, mingled with verdigris without breaking the skin. 14. I have known many Children Belly and Guts, &c. very sick of the Worms, unto whom some of the infusion of Tobacco was given in drink, and their bellies were anointed with the said oil of Tobacco, holding them to the fire, and then using the said suppositers, whereby they avoided great store of Worms and were perfectly cured. 15. For the wind in the Stomach, wind. look before cap. 5. But for the wind in the Guts, the said Suppositers mingled with powdered Cummin-seed, is an admirable remedy for it. 16. It is a common evil to old age Knees and legs. to have weak Knees, especially when men do ride in cold weather: For remedy whereof let a man have a plaster made of the said pitch-plaster, applied to cover the Pans of both Knees, and continued, which will do very much good. 17. It is a common evil to have legs. Ulcers and Caukers in legs, especially in old age, for remedy whereof, keep the Stomach clean as before, and the using of the Tobacco stalks as before, will do much good: But for outward applications, let linen cloth be made wet in the said infusion of Tobacco, and apply it to the sore place: I have known some have the Flesh consumed from the Bones, and the Bones scraped with a Knife, and being very old, yet cured by this means, and the Flesh restored again. 18. For the Gout in the Feet, I refer Feet. it to what hath been spoken before: But for a common pain which men have in the bottom of their Feet, whether they have the Gout or no, let a man lay to the sore place one of the said Pitch-plaisters, and then put in his shoes the warm water wherein powder Beef, or Cow-heels were boiled, or Tobacco and Ale or Urine well boiled, and wherein store of Bay-Salt is dissolved, and let him walk as well as he can, he shall find very much good; so that the Shoes be big and large: I have seen more by the using hereof; than by any Baths or ointments, or any other outward means, saving the drawing out of the humour as aforesaid. cap. 8. 19 Some may question, whether the having of the Gout, be a great means to cure all diseases: I will not presume to decide the question, but say, that I have found much benefit thereby, with little trouble, and leave every man to his own sense; for whereas I had preserved myself from the Gout, for above one year, partly by Repercussive Medicines in my Shoes, and partly by Attractive Remedies in drawing the humours into my mouth as before: In the end I had a great noise and deafness in my ears, pains, and strange dreams in my sleep, much disturbance in my Stomach, great heat and itching over all my Body, &c. But when the Gout came again upon me, I was cleared from all these evils; so that I might say, (Silentia cuncta tranquilla sunt omnia) saving, that when I had the Gout again, I did quickly and easily rid myself thereof, by drawing out the humours as I have before declared, which makes me believe that these humours were vented from all parts of the Body, as men do usually drain Quagmires. 20. Lastly, seeing I have spoken so much of this disease of the Gout, to be a general cure, for all other diseases, I think meet to add somewhat concerning what diet a man should use, when he hath the Gout. Before a man hath the Gout, a temperate diet is best to preserve a man from it, but especially▪ to avoid the moderate use of strong sharp Drinks and Wines, hot Spices, salt Meats, Tobacco, &c. But when a man hath the Gout, and is desirous to be rid thereof quickly, a man may make a more liberal use of these things, which will urge nature to make more speedy vent, of the corrupt humours, from all parts of the Body, into some outward part of the Body, to be drawn out by outward applications as aforesaid, this may seem to be a Paradex but constant experience hath made me to presume to write so much: and then whether it be better to endure a little pain and labour for a short time, which bringeth so much good to all the Body, and as I conceive prolongeth health, or to leave the Body to be continually troubled with languishing diseases, and to run up and down to the bath, physicians, and Apochecaries, to their great charge and expense, I leave it to every man's judgement; and for a man's better satisfaction herein, he may read the witty & eloquent apology of learned Rilibaldus in praise of the Gout. Thus I have made an end, of showing Conclusion. a great part of the miserable case of men's Bodies, which comes to them by unavoidable course of nature, with showing my well wishes to remedy the same, hoping that this may move some honest and learned physicians to make more additions of more artificial Medicines thereunto, for relieving of men's miseries in those cases: But I am afraid of another greater misery, spoken of by the learned physician in his Preface Gratorolus, wherein he doth much lament the miserable negligence of mankind, who never▪ thinks of the preserving of health until it be too late, after the loss thereof: And for my part I shall end with that honest wish (Optandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano) that in every man there may be an honest and sound Soul in a sound Body: And so we shall all make a good end. FINIS.