THE GARD'NERS' CALENDAR Showing The most seasonable times for performing his HORTULAN AFFAIRS, Monthly throughout the Year: AND A Catalogue of such dishes and drinks as a complete Garden can afford in their seasons.  
Published for the Climate of SCOTLAND By JOHN REID Gardener.  
EDINBURGH, Printed by DAVID LINDSAY, at the foot of Heriot's-Bridge, 1683.   

READER,  
AS in this little Calendar thou will find when; so in my Book (Entitled the Scots-Gard'ner) thou will find how, to perform the particulars.  
The Gard'ners' year is a circle as their labour, never at an end. Nevertheless their term is 〈…〉   


NOVEMBER.  
COntrive or forecast where, and what you are to sow and plant. Trench and fallow all your vacant grounds. Prepare and mix soils and composts throughly: miss not highway Earth, cleansings of streets; make compositions of dungs, soils, and lime.  
Lay bair Roots of Trees that need, and dung such as require it. Plant all fruit Trees, Forrest-trees, and shrubs that lose the leaf, also prune such. Plant cabbage. Sow hasties for early peas in warm grounds but trust not to them.  
Gather the seeds of holly, yew, ash, etc. Ordering them as in Chap: 3. furnish your nurseries with stocks.  
Shelter tender evergreen seedlings. House your Cabbag, Carrots, Turneeps: and any time e'er hard frosts your Skirrets, Potatoes, Parsneeps, etc. Cover Asparagus, Artichokes, as in the last month. Sow bairs-ears, plant Tulips, etc. Shut the conservatory. Preserve your Choicest Flowers. Sweep and cleanse the walks of leaves, etc. Stop your bees close so that you leave breathing vents.  

Garden Dishes and Drinks in Season, are  
Cabbage, Coleflower, Onions, Leeks, Shallot, etc. Blanched Sellery, Succory, Pickled Asparagus, Purslain, etc. Fresh Parsneeps, Skirrets, Potatoes, Carrots, Turneeps, Beet-rave, Scorzonera, parsley and fennel Roots.  
Apples, Pears, etc.  
Cider, Perry, wine of Cherries, Rasps, Currans, Goosberries, Liquorish, Honey, etc.    

DECEMBr.  
TRench and prepare grounds. Gather together composts plant Trees in nuseries. and sow their seeds that can Endure it.  
Gather Fir seed, holly berries, etc. Take up liquorish. Continue your care in preserving choice Carnations, Anemonies, and Ranunculuses from Raines and frosts. And keep the green-house close against the piercing colds. Turn and refresh your fruit in a clear and serene day. Sharpen and mend tools. Gather oziers' and hassel Rods and make baskets in stormy weather. Cover your water pipes with leitter lest the frosts do crak them, feed weak bees.  

Garden Dishes and Drinks in season.  
Colworts, Leeks, etc. Housed Cabbage, Onions, shallot. Several dried sweet herbs. Housed Parsneeps. Turneeps, Skirrets, Carrots, Potatoes, Beat-rave, Scorzonera, parsley, Fennel Roots. Pickled Cucumbers, Barberries, Artichokes, Asparagus, Purslain, etc.  
Housed Apples, Pears. Conserved Cherries, Plumes, Peaches, Apricocks, etc.  
Wine of Apples, Pears, Cherries, Liquorish, Honey, etc.    

JANUARY.  
PRepare the ground, soils and manures. Fell trees for mechanical uses. Prune Sirs, plant Hawthorn Hedges, and all Trees and Shrubs that lose the leaf weather open. Also prune the more hardy and old planted. Dung the Roots of Trees that need, draining excessive moisture, gather Graffs  they sprout, and near the end Graff; begin with the Stone Fruits. Gather Holly-berries, Fir husks, etc. Secure choice plants as yet from cold and wet, and earth up such as the frosts uncovered.  
Feed weak bees, also you may remove them.  

Garden Dishes and Drinks in season.  
Coleworts, Leeks, etc. Dry sweet Herbs. Housed Cabbage, Onions, Shallot▪ Parsneeps, Skirrets, Potatoes Carrots, Turneeps, Beat-rave, Scorzonera, Parsly and Fennel Roots in broth.  
Pickled Artichokes, Beet-raves, etc. Housed Apples, Pears, and other conserved Fruits.  
With Cider and other Wines as before.    

FEBRUARY.  
PLant any Trees or Shrubs that lose the leaf, also lay and circumpose such for increass, see June. Likeways sow all your Seeds, Kyes, kernels, Nuts, Stones; also the seeds of several Greene's, as Holly, Yew, Philyrea, Laurels, etc. Prune Firts, etc.  
Continue to destroy Vermine.  
Graffing is now in season, see the last month.  
Prune all Trees and Shrubs except tender Greene's. Nail and dress them at the wall. Cover the Roots of Trees laid bair the fore-end of Winter, if any be. Plant Hawthorn Hedges, Willows, etc.  
Plant Liquorish, Potatoes, Peas, Beans, Cabbage. Sow Parsly, Beets, spinach, Marygold, and other hardy Potherbs.  
Let carnations and such sheltered Flowers get Air in mild weather. But keep close the Green-house.  
N●w you may remove bees and feed weak stocks.  

Garden Dishes and drinks in season.  
Cole, Leiks, sweet Herbs. Onions, Shallot, housed Cabbage, Skirrets, Turneeps, Parsneeps, Potatoes, Beat-rave, Scorzonera, Carrots, besides Parsley and Fennell Roots.  
Pickled Beat-rave, Artichock. Cucum: Housed Apples, Pears, and other conserved Fruits with Cider and other Wines and drinks, as above.    

MARCH.  
REdelve, mix, and Rake your ground for Immediate use. Delve about the Roots of all your Trees. Yet plant Trees and rather greene's. Also prun such except the Rosinious. Propagate by laying circumposition, and especially by cuttings. Sow the seeds of most Trees and hardy greene's. Cover these Trees whose Roots lay bair, and delve down the dungs that lay about your young Trees all winter, covering on leitter again topped with Earth to prevent drought in summer: this is a material observation and more especially for such as are late planted. Slit the bark of ill thriving Trees. Fell such as grow crooked in the nursery. Graffing is yet in season, (but too late for stone fruit) cut off the heads of them Inoculated.  
Set pease, beans, Cabbage, Asparagus, Liquorish. Sow parsley, beets, Endive, Succory, Bugloss, Borage, Sellery, Fe●●ell, Marigold. Plant shollot, garleeks, Potatoes, Skirrets. Sow Onions, Lettuce, Cresses, Parsneep, Beet-rave, Radish, &c, And on the hotbed coleflour, and if you please cucumber, etc.  
Slip and set physic herbs, July-flowers, and other fibrous Rooted flowers. Be careful of the tender, the piercing colds are now on foot. Turn your fruit in the Room but open not yet the windows.  
Catch Moles, Mice, Snails, Worms, destroy frogs spawn, etc.  
Half open passages for bees, they begin to fit, keep them close night and moring: yet you may remove them.  

Garden Dishes and Drinks in season.  
Both green and housed herbs and Roots: also Pickled, Housed, and conserved fruits: with their wines as in the former months.    

april.  
PLant Holly Hedges and Hawthorn too if not too forward. Ply and sheer Hedges. Nail and prun Wall-trees, etc. Sow and plant sirs, and other greene's. Slip and set sage, Rosemary, thym, Rue, Savory, and all fibrous Rooted herbs and Flowers. uncover and dress strawberries. Plant Artichokes, slip them and delve their plots. Set Cabbage, Beans, Peas, Kidnees. sow Asparagus, Parsley, Beets, and Beet-card. Set Garleeks, Shallot, Potatoes, Skirrets, Sorral. sow Onions, Leeks, Lettuce, Cresses, Radish, Orach, Scorzonera, Carvy, Fennel, etc. And on the hotbed Cucumbers, Coleflowers, Purslain, sweet Marjorum, Basill, Summer Savory, Tobaco, etc.  
Set Strawberries, Violets, July-flowers, etc. Also sow the seeds of july flowers. etc. Sow all your Annual flowers and Rare plants some requiring the hotbed. Destroy Moles, Mice Worms, Snails. Lay, Beat, and Roll gravel and grass. Fall to your mowing and weeding.  
Open the Doors off your bee-hives now they hatch.  

Garden Dishes and Drinks in season.  
Onions, Leeks, Colworts, Beets, Parsley, and other herbs: spinach, Sorral. Scorzonera, green Asparagus, Lettuce and other Salads. Pickled Artichokes, Beet-rave, Barberries, Cucumbers.  
Housed Apples and Pears, Conserved Cherries, Plumes, Peaches, Apricocks, Goosberries, Currans. Also the wines of Apples, Pears, Cherries, Liquorish, Honey, etc.    

MAY.  
PUll up suckers and haw about the Trees. Rub off unnecessary buds. Sheer or clip Hedges. Prun tender Greene's, (Not the Rofinious) bring forth the housed ones refreshing & trimming them. Plant all sorts of medicinal Herbs. Sow all sweet ones which are tender.  
Gather Snails, Worms, catch Moles.  
Sow Letice, Cresses, Purslain, Turneep, Radish, Peas, etc. Continue weeding and watering.  
Near the end watch the Bees ready to swarm.  

Garden Dishes and drinks in season.  
Coleworts and other Herbs, (being eaten with contentment is better than a fatted Ox without it) sage (with Butter,) Leeks, Parsly, Thyme, Marjorum, sorrall, spinach, etc. Scorzonera, Asparagus, Letice, Purslain, and other Salads and Potherbs.  
Pickled Artichokes, Barberries, Beet-rave, Cucumbers, housed Apples and Pears for many uses. Early Cherries, Strawberries, near the end.  
Cider, Metheglin, Liquorish Ail, etc.    

JUNE.  
CLeanse about the Roots of Trees, Suckers and weeds, water their Covered Bulks: especially the new planted.  
Fell the long small ill-trained Forrest-trees in the nursery within half foot of the ground. Unbind graffs. Prun all Wall and Standard Trees. Towards the end you may Inoculat. And Increase by circumposition.  
Gather Elm seed and sow Immediately.  
Transplant Coleflowers, Coleworts, Beets, Leeks, Purslain, etc. In moist weather; at least water first the ground if dry.  
Sow Peas, Radish, Turneep, Letice, Chervil, Cresses, etc. Destroy Snails, Worms, etc.  
Begin to lay carnations or July-flowers: shade, support and Prun such as will blow. Water pots and thirsty plants. Weeding and mowing is in season, and so is distillation.  
Bees now Swarm, look diligently to them.  

Garden Dishes and Drinks in season.  
Cole, Beets, Parsley, Sorrall and other Potherbs. Purslain, Letice, and other Salads. Radish, Scorzonera, Asparagus. Green Peas and Artichokes. Green Goosberries. Ripe cherries, Ralps, Currants, Strawberries.  
Housed Apples and Pears.  
Cider, Metheglin, etc.    

JULY.  
FAllow ground as soon as the crop comes off. Prune and purge all Standard-trees. Ply, Nail, Prune, and dress your Wal-trees. Pull up suckers and weeds. Haw and Water where needful. Inoculat Fruit-trees, Shrubs, rare Greene's, Flower-trees; Increase the same by laying. Clip your Hedges after Rain. Suffer such Herbs and Flowers to run to seed as you would save: Cutting the rest a handful from the ground.  
Sow Turneep, Radish, Lettuce, Onion, Coleflower, Cabbage, and Coleworts in the full Moon. Near the end sow Beets, spinach, etc. You may plant Strawberries, Violets, Camomile. Lay July-flowers. Plant their seedlings. Slip and set Hypaticas, Bears-ears, Cowslips, Helibors, etc. Take up Bulbo and Tuberous ones that are dry in their stalks (if you mind to change their places) and keep till September, but some would be set immediately.  
Supply voids with potted annuals. Lay Grass and Gravel. Make Cherry and Rasberrie Wine, etc.  
Prevent the Bees latter swarms, Kill Drons, Waspss, etc.  

Garden Dishes and drinks in season.  
Beets and many Potherbs and Sweet-herbes.  
Beet-card, Purslain, Lettuce, Endive, etc.  
Cabbage, Coleflower, Scorzonera, Beetrave, Carret, Radish, Turneep, Peas, Beens, and Kidnees, Artichokes, Strawberries, Rasps, Currans, Goosbeeries, Cherries, Plumes, summer Pears and Apples, Cider, Metheglin and other Wines.    

AUGUST.  
FAllow bordures, Beds, Nurseries, and the bulks of Trees. Yet Inoculat. Ply and purge Trees. Pull up suckers and weeds. Clip Hedges. Gather the Black-cherrie and Morella Stones. Gather Mezerion berries. Gather the seeds of most Herbs and Flowers. Cut your Physick-herbes. In the beginning sow Cabbage (though I confess it's too late. See the last month) Beets and Beet-card, spinach, Black-radish, Chervil, Letice, Corn-sallade, Endive, Scorzonera, Carvy, Marygold, Angelica, Scurvygrass, etc. Take up ripe Onions, Garleeks and Shallot, Unbind buds Inoculated. Cut and string Strawberries. Lay July-flowers. Sow Columbines, Holyhoks, Larks-heells, Candytuffs, Popies, and such as can endure Winter.  
Take up your bulbs and plant as in the last. Sift the ground for Tulips and Gladiolus. Plunge in potted annuals in Vacants. Keep down weeds by hawing, etc. Lay Grass and Gravel, Beat, Roll, and mow well. Make Goosberrie and Curran Wines, etc.  
Towards the end take Bees, take the lightest first; those who are near heaths may differ a little. Destroy Wasps, straiten the passage by putting on the hecks to secure from Robers.  

Garden Dishes and drinks in season.  
Many Potherbs and Salads, Cabbage, Coleflower, Beet-card, Turneep, Radish, Carrot, Beet-rave, Scorzonera, Peas, Beans, and Kidnees, Artichokes, Cucumbers, Apples, Pears, Plumes, Apricocks, Geens, Goosberries, Currants, Rasps, Strawberries, etc.  
Cider, Metheglin, Cherry Wine, Curran Wine, Goosberrie Wine, Raspberrie Wine, etc.    

SEPTEMBr.  
FAllow, Trench, and level ground. Prepare pits and bordures for Trees. Gather plan seed, Almond, Peach, and white Plum Stones. Gather ripe Fruits. Plant forth Cabbage. Remove bulbs and plant them. Refresh, Trame, and House your tender Greene's. Refresh and trim pots and cases with July-flowers and other fine Flowers and plants, Carrying them to pits, shelter, and covert, giving them Air, etc.  
Towards the end gather Safron.  
Make Cider, Perry, and other Wines, etc.  
Straiten the entrance to Bee-hives, destroy Wasps, etc.  
Also you may now remove Bees.  

Garden Dishes and drinks in season.  
Varieties of Potherbs and Salads, Cabbage, Coleflower, Peas, Beans, and Kidnees, Artichokes, Beet-card, Beet-rave, Scorzonera, Carrots, Turneeps, Radish, Cucumbers, Apples, Pears, Apricocks, Peaches, Nectarines, Quince, Grapes, Barberries, Filbeards.  
Cider, Liquorish Ail, Metheglin, and Wine of Cherries, Rasps, Goosberries, Currants, etc.    

OCTOBER.  
GAther Winter Fruits. Trench and fallow grounds (raixing with proper soil) to lie over the Winter. Prepare dungs and mannures, mixing and laying them in heaps bottomed and covered with Earth. Plant Hawthorn Hedges, And all Trees that lose their leaves; Also lay their branches. Prun Roses. Gather seeds of hassel, Hawthorn, Plan, Ash, Beach, Oak, Apple, Pear, etc. Cut Strawberries, Artichokes, Asparagus, covering their beds with dung and Ashes. Earth up Winter Salads, Herbs, and Flowers, a little. Plant Cabbage, etc. Plant Tulips Anemonies, and other Bulbs. Sow the seed of Bairs-ears, Cowslips, Tulips, etc. Bear and Roll Gravel and Grass. Finish your last weeding and mowing. Lay bair leopered Tree Roots and remove what harms them: also delve and dung such as require it. Drain excessive moisture wherever it be. Pickle and conserve Fruits. Make Perry and Cider.  
You may now safely remove Bees.  

Garden Dishes and drinks in season.  
Coleworts, Leeks, Cabbage, Coleflowers, Onions, Shallot, Beans. Blanched Endive and Sellery. Pickled Asparagus, Purslain, etc.  
Scorzonera, Beet-rave, Carrots, Turneeps, Parsneeps, Potatoes, Skirrets, Artichokes, Cucumbers, Apples, Pears, Plumes, Almond, etc.  
Cider, Perry, and Wine of Cherries, Currants, Goosberries, Raspberries, Ail of Liquorish, Metheglin, etc.    
FINIS.