A NEW SYSTEME: OF Geography, Designed in a Most Plain and Easy Method, for the better Understanding of that Science. Accommodated With NEW MAPS OF ALL THE Countries, Regions, Empires, Monarchy, Kingdoms, Principalities, Dukedoms, Marquesates, Dominions, Estates, Republics, Sovereignty's, Governments, Seignories, Provinces, and Countries in the whole World. WITH Geographical Tables, Explaining the Divisions in Each Map. By John Seller, Hydrographer to the King. And are Sold at his Shop on the Westside of the Royal Exchange. A New Systeme of GEOGRAPHY. Reduced to a Plain & Easy Method For the Ready finding out any Empire, Kingdom, Principality or Government in the whole World. By John Seller Hydrographer to the King Europe Asia Africa America A New SYSTEME OF Geography. The Elements and Principles of Geography. CHAP. I. Of the Nature and Division of Geography. GEOGRAPHY is a Science showing the Divisions and Distinctions of the Earthly Globe, as it is a Spherical Body, Composed of Earth and Water, for that both these do together, make one Globe. 2. And hence the Parts of Geography are two, the one concerns the Earthy, and the other the Watery part. 3. The Earthy part of the Globe may be divided into Continents and Islands. 4. A Continent is a great quantity of Land, not Separated by any Sea, from the rest of the World; as the whole Continent of Europe, Asia and Africa. 5. An Island is a part of Land Environed with some Sea or other, as the Islands of Great-Britain, and Ireland, with the Ocean: The Island of Sicilia with the Mediterranean. 6. Both those are Subdivided into Peninsula, Isthmus, Promontorium. 7. Peninsula is a Tract of Land which being almost Encompassed round by Water, is joined with some little part or neck of Land. 8. Isthmus is that narrow neck of Land which joineth the Peninsula to the Continent, thus is Africa joined to Asia, only by that small neck of Land that is Contained between the Mediterranean, and the Arabian Gulf; called the Red Sea. 9 Promontorium is a high Mountain which shooteth itself into the Sea, the utmost end thereof is called a Cape, as Cape Bona Esperance in Africa. 10. The Watery part of the Globe is Destinguished by Divers Names, as Oceanus, Maro, Fretum, Sinus, Lacus and Fluvius. 1. Oceanus, or Ocean, is that Great general Collection of Waters that Encompasseth the Earth on every side. 2. Mare, the Sea, is a part of the Main Ocean, to which we cannot come but through some Fretum or Strait, as Mare Meditterraneum, and sometimes takes its Name from the Adjacent Shore; as Mare Adriaticum, from the City of Adria, or from a first Discoverer, as Mare Magelanicum. 3. Fretum or Strait, Is a part of the Ocean, straitened between some Narrow bounds, and opening the Way to some Sea, as the Straits of Gibraltar, the Straits of Magelan, etc. 4. Sinus Is a Gulf or Bay or any Indraught of Water as the Gulf of Venice, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bay of Biscaia, and the Bay of Bengale in the East-Indies. 5. Lacus or a Lake, is a Body or Collection of Waters, which hath no visible Intercourse with the Sea, or Influx into it, as the Lake of Geneva, and the Lake of Asphaltites, or Dead Sea, in the Land of Canaan. 6. Fluvius or River, is a Watercourse Issuing from some Spring or Lake.— And Emptyeth itself into some part of the Sea, a great River, as the Rhine, the Thames, etc. CHAP. II. Of the Circles of the Sphere. THere are ten Circles of the Sphere, six great: and four lesser. The Six great Circles, are the Meridian, the Horizon, the Equinoctial, the Ecliptic, the two Colours, all which divide the Sphere into two Equal parts. The four lesser Circles are the two Tropiques, and the two Polar Circles, each of which Divides the Sphere into two unequal parts. The Meridian is a great Circle which passeth through both the Poles of the World, and through the Zenith and Nadir Points, and showeth the Latitudes of all places on the Earth. The Horizon is also a great Circle which divideth the visible part of the Heavens, which we see, from those we see not. The Equinoctial is a great Circle 90 Degrees from either Pole, in which Circle are reckoned the Longitude of all places on the Earth, from any certain Meridian Assigned, which Primary Meridian (from whence the Longitude of places in all the Maps in this Treatise, doth Commence,) is that which passeth through the Island of Pico Teneriffa, and from thence Reckoned Eastward round the World. The Ecliptic is a great Circle divided by the Equinoctial into two Equal Parts, one declining towards the North, and the other towards the South, the greatest Obliquity being 23 Degrees, 30 Minutes. The Colours are two great Circles of the Sphere Intersecting each other at Right Angles in the Poles of the World. One is called the Solstitial, the other the Equinoctial Colour: The Solstitial Colour is that which passeth through the Poles of the World, and cutteth the Ecliptic in the Points of Cancer, and Capricorn. The Equinoctial Colour passeth through the Poles of the World, and cutteth the Ecliptic, and the Equator in the Points of Aries and Libra, by which Points the four Seasons of the Year are Distinguished. map A MAP OF THE FIVE ZONES. The Four Lesser Circles of the Sphere. The four lesser Circles of the Sphere are the two Tropiques and the two Polar Circles, which Circles Divides the Earth into five broad Spaces called Zones, which are distinguished in the following Chapter. CHAP. III. Of the Division of the Earth by Zones. A Zone is a broad Space of the Earth limited by the Tropiques, and the Polar Circles, and are five in Number, one Torrid (or burning Zone) two Temperate, and two Frozen Zones. 1. The Torrid or Burning Zone is, that Space of Earth and Sea Contained between the two Tropiques, and is 47 Degrees in Breadth. 2. The two Temperate Zones are that Space Contained between each Tropic, and the Polar Circles, one called the North, and the other the South Temperate Zone: And are each of them 43 Degrees in Breadth. 3. The two Frozen Zones are those Spaces Contained between each Polar Circle, and the Poles of the world. 4. The Inhabitants of those Zones in Respect of the Diversity of their Noon Shadows, are Divided into three Kinds, Amphiscii, Heteroscii, and Periscii. 5. Those that inhabit in the Torrid Zone are called Amphiscii, because their Noon-shadows are Diversely cast, sometimes towards the North, and sometimes towards the South, according to the Position of the Sun, when it is on the North or South side of their Zenith, or Vertical Point; and their Shadows are cast accordingly, viz. If the Sun be to the Northward, than their Shadow is cast to the Southward, and so on the Contrary. 6. Those Inhabitants that live in the Temperate Zones are called Heteroscii, because their Noon Shadows are cast but one way, and that either North or South; Those who live in the North Temperate Zone, their Noon Shadows are always cast towards the North, and those of the South Temperate Zone, their Noon Shadows are always cast towards the South. As may be seen in the Annexed Map of the Zones. 7. Those who Inhabit in the Frozen Zones, are called Periscii, because their longest day is at least 24 hours in length, and therefore the Sun being Carried Circularly about them, their Shadows are also Carried about them, in the same manner. CHAP. IU. Of the Division of the Earth by Climates. A Climate is that Space of the Earth Contained between three parallels, the middle most whereof Divideth it into two Equal Parts, serving for the setting out the Length and Shortness of the days in every Country: and for as much as there have been several ways used by the Ancients in Dividing the Climates, I shall at present Content myself with this only Division; by Reckoning the Difference of each Climate to be one Quarter of an hour, and so the Climates are 24 in Number; till you come to the Latitude of 66 Degrees, 31 Minutes, (taking up 48 parallels.) To which are added six Climates more, where you will find the days to be One, Two, Three, Four, Five and Six Months long at the very Pole itself, as you may plainly see in the Annexed Table; Where you may Note, that the greater the Latitudes are, the longer the days are. A Table of Climates, From the Equinoctial North and South to the Poles, wherein you may see in every Clime the length of the day in Hours and Minutes; As for Example, in the Climate or Parallel of 50 Deg. 33 Min. you will find the longest day to be 16 Hours, and 15 Minutes, and in the Margin you find what Inhabitants dwell in those Climates viz. the Amphiscii, Heteroscii, and the Periscii. Latitud. Lon. d. D. M. H. M. 00 00 12 00 Amphiscii. 04 18 12 15 08 34 12 30 12 34 12 45 16 43 13 00 20 53 13 15 23 10 13 30 27 36 13 45 30 47 14 00 33 45 14 15 36 30 14 30 39 02 14 45 41 22 15 00 43 32 15 15 44 29 15 30 47 20 15 45 49 01 16 00 50 33 16 15 52 58 16 30 53 17 16 45 54 29 17 00 55 34 17 15 56 37 17 30 Heteroscii. 47 34 17 45 58 26 18 00 59 14 18 15 59 59 18 30 60 40 18 45 61 18 19 00 61 53 19 15 61 25 19 30 62 53 19 45 63 22 20 00 63 40 20 15 64 06 20 30 64 30 20 45 65 49 21 00 65 06 21 15 65 21 21 30 65 35 21 45 65 49 22 00 65 57 22 15 66 06 22 30 66 14 22 45 66 20 23 00 66 25 23 15 66 28 23 30 66 30 23 45 66 31 24 00 67 15 Months. 01 69 30 02 Periscii. 73 20 03 78 20 04 84 09 05 00 00 06 CHAP. V Of the Division of the Inhabitants of the Earth, Respecting their Site and Position, in Reference to One another. 1. THe Inhabitants of the Earth are divided into the Periaeci, Antaeci, and Antipodes. 2. The Periaeci are such as dwell in the same Parallel on the same side of the Equator, and opposite to us: These live in the same Zone, and the same Clime; and cast the same shade with us: These Enjoy our Portion of heat and cold, our Seasons of the year, our Increase of Days and Nights, and all things else of this kind; Saving that our Hours are Opposite their six in the Evening, is our six in the Morning, our Noon their Midnight. 3. The Antaeci are Inhabitants that are under our Meridian, which makes our hours, and theirs the same; but by being 51 Deg. 30 Min. on the other side of the Equator, it happens that though we all agree in the Temperament of Zones, Number of Climes in Casting a Shadow to one side only, and the like; Yet their Zone and Climate is Southern, their Shadow falls to the South Pole, their Winter is our Summer, our Spring their Autumn. 4. The Antipodes are such as dwell Feet to Feet, and are in height of Opposition, and differ in all things; our Summer is their Winter, our Noon is their Midnight; we have the North Pole Elevated, they the South. This truth of the Antipodes was in former time Reckoned so Ridiculous and Impossible, that Virgilius Bishop of Salisburgh who writ a Treatise thereof, was Condemned of Heresy by Pope Zachary, in the year of our Lord, 745. CHAP. VI Containing several Useful Distinctions in Geography. THe Latitude of a place is its nearest distance from the Equator, either to the Northward, or Southward thereof, measured in the Meridian. 2. The Longitude of a place is the Number of Degrees, (Reckoned Eastwardly in the Equator,) from the Grand Meridian to the Meridian of the place required. ☞ And here Note that in all the Maps in this Treatise, the Longitude beginneth at the Meridian of Pico Tenariffa. Zenith, is a Point in the Heavens that is Right over our heads, and is sometimes called the Vertical Point, and Pole of the Horrizon. Nadir, is a Point in the Heavens, Opposite to it, right under our Feet. 32-point compass rose 32-point compass rose Pixis Nautica or the Mariners Compass Showing the Names of the Points. By john Seller Hydrographer to the King outer ring I TWO III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XII I TWO III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII middle ring -- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -- 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 -- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 inner ring NORTH North by East North N East North E by Nor. North Easst North E by East East N East East by North EAST East by South East S East South E by East South East South E by South South S. East South by East SOUTH South by West South S West South W. by Sou South West South W by West West S. West West by South WEST West by North West N West North W by We. North West North W by No. North N. West North by West Of the 32 Points of the Mariners Compass, which are thus Divided. The four first, are the Cardinal Points, and are Composed of one Syllable, as East, West, North, South. The Four Seconds are collateral Points, Consisting of two Syllables, as North East, North West, South East, South West. The Eight Thirds are, those that are Composed of Three Syllables, as North North East, North North West, South South East, South South West, East North East, East South East, West North West, West South West. There are Sixteen Inferior Points, Eight of them are Composed of four Syllables, and the other Eight of five Syllables: Those of four Syllables, are these that follow. These are Composed of four Syllables. North and by East. East and by North. East and by South. South and by East. South and by West. West and by South. West and by North. North and by West. These are Composed of Five Syllables. North East and by North. North East and by East. South East and by East. South East and by South. South West & by South. South West and by West. North West and by West. North West & by North. The Figure of the Mariners Compass is here Annexed. Of Measures. Twelve Inches makes a Foot. One Foot and a half one Cubit. Two Foot and a half a Common Pace. Two Common Paces, one Geometrical Pace. Three Foot one Yard. Six Foot one Fathom. Sixteen Foot and a half, one Pole or Perch. Forty Perches makes one Furlong. Eight Furlongs, or 320 Perches, make one English Mile. 125 Geometrical Paces makes one Stade. Eight Stades, or 1000 Geometrical Paces, is equal to an Italian Mile. 1250 Geometrical Paces is one English Mile. 60 English Miles hath Vulgarly been accounted one Degree on the Earth, but really and truly, (As hath appeared by very Worthy Experiments,) that 69 Miles and a half of our Statute Miles, makes one Degree on the Earth: But according to the Vulgar Measure, the Compass of the Globe of the Earth, is 21600 Miles, and the Diameter thereof, is 6875 Miles, and 4528 parts; which Diameter being Multiplied by the Circumference, gives the quantity of Miles in the Superficies of the Earth and Water, And the Superficies being Multiplied by ⅙ of the Diameter, gives the Solidity in English Miles. 2500 Geometrical Paces make one Scotch Mile. 2500 Geometrical Paces make one Common French League. 3400 Geometrical Paces makes a Spanish League. 4000 Geometrical Paces makes a Germane League. 5000 Geometrical Paces makes one Swedes or Swisseses League. 6000 Geometrical Paces makes one Hungarian League. CHAP. VII. Of the Use of the Maps and Tables Contained in this Book. THat which hath been already discoursed, hath been in the Nature of an Introduction; to give you some Light and Understanding in the Principles and Elements of Geography: that Concerns the several Distinctions and Divisions of the Earthly Globe, by Circles, Zones and Climates; Discovering the various Positions of the Inhabitants, in Respect of their Shadows, and Contrariety of Seasons, etc. Which may very well serve as a good Introduction to that which follows. Therefore take notice, that to each Map there is a Table, that is as an Index to show you what Divisions are in the Map, and is as it were an Explanation thereof, which you will find very useful for the understanding of them. As for Example, In the Map of the World, the Table Informs you of the General Division of the World, which is thus worded, The Map of the World is divided into two Continents; The Continent of Europe, Asia and Africa. The Continent of North- America, South- America. Now if you cast your Eye upon the Map, you may there plainly perceive the same Divisions Circumscribed with one entire Colour with the Name in the midst thereof, in Remarkable Capital Letters. Then if you desire to know how any of the Quarters are Divided; Pitch upon what Quarter you please, (Suppose Europe;) Then Apply yourself to the Table, and there you will find the General Divisions of Europe into the Empire's Kingdoms, Principalities and Dominions, etc. Contained in the same, with the Principal Cities in each Country; then turn to the Map, and you will see each Respective Division, Exactly Answer thereunto, as it is Expressed in the Table. world clock An Instrument for finding the hour of the Day (at all times) in any part of the World. An Example of the Use of this Instrument If it be 9 a Clock at London what hour is it at any other part of the World, therefore— turn London to 9 (the hour given) Then shall the present hour be shown at all those places Expressed in the Rundle; as you see it is 11 at Constantinople & 12 at Aleppo etc. map A MAP of the WORLD Showing what a Clock it is (at any time) in any part of the World, And to know where the People are Rising, and where they are at Dinner, where ᵉ at Supper, and where going to Bed all over the World. Now, if you would yet descend into the knowledge of any one particular Country, (or Subdivision in this or any other Empire or Kingdom that is Expressed in the General Table,) you are to proceed in the same Order and manner as is before Directed. CHAP. VIII. Showing the Use of a Map of the World that gives the hour of the day, (at any time,) in any part of the World; and to know where the People are Rising, where they are at Dinner, where at Supper, and where going to Bed; being an Operation most Diverting and Pleasant, to be performed by a Map. IT is in all Respects as other Maps of the World, save only that this is Divided into 24 Merididians, or hour, Circles-Numbred in the Equinoctial with I. II. III. FOUR V VI etc. to XXIIII. the hour Circle of XII. passing through the Zenith of London. The Uses Follow. To find the hour of the Day (at any time) in any part of the World. Having the Map before you, you may take notice that when it is Twelve a Clock at London, then wheresoever you cast your eye, it is the same hour at Every Place, as is Expressed in the Map, viz. It is one a Clock at Venice, Two a Clock at Constantinople, Three at Aleppo, and Four at Madagascar, etc. In the Eastern Hemisphere, and in the Western Hemisphere: Six a Clock at Jamaica, Three a Clock at Califournia, etc. But, Suppose it be any other hour with us at London, then for a more ready finding the hour in other places: I Refer you to this Adjoining Instrument, the Use of which may be made plain by one Example: As, Suppose it were Eleven a Clock at London, then turn London (on the movable plate) to the hour of Eleven in the hour Circle, then will it show at that very time the present hour, at all those places in the movable Plate; it will be Twelve a Clock at Venice, One a Clock at Constantinople, and Two at Aleppo, etc. So the same Rule will tell you, at any time, the hour of the Day in any part of the World: by turning London to the present hour there, and all the rest will fall successively, as in the foregoing Example. To know by the aforesaid Map, where the People are Rising, and where they are at Dinner, where at Supper, and where going to Bed; and where it is Midnight in any part of the World. This Problem is grounded upon this Hypothesis, that Six a Clock in the Morning may be taken for time of Rising, and Twelve a Clock for Dinner time, and Six a Clock in the Evening for Supper, and Ten a Clock at Night for time of going to Bed; and Twelve a Clock for Midnight. Therefore Note, when it is Dinner time with us at London, than they are Rising at Jamaica, and at Supper at Surrat, and going to bed in the Phillipina Islands, (a little to the Eastward of China) and Midnight in the Pacifick Sea, and by the same Rule and Reason you may know the same things at any other hour at London. The forementioned Instrument doth most readily perform the same Operations by Noting what hour stands against any place in the Movable Rundle; as suppose you turn London to Twelve a Clock, than you will find the hour of Rising, Supper time, of going to Bed, and Midnight, at the places before Mentioned. There is also another Pleasant Operation to be performed by this Map, to know what company we have of Divers Nations to rise with us, to go to Dinner when we do, and to Sup and go to bed at the same time with us, that is to say, all those Inhabitants that dwell under our Meridian, or hour Circle, which are French, Spaniards, Moors and Negro, all which Nations Rise, Dine, Sup, and go to bed, when we do. CHAP. IX. Giving the Content or Quantity of the whole World in Acres, and of every Kingdom and Province thereof. THe Globe of the World is supposed to be one third part water and Seas: And one third part not Inhabited; And one third part inhabited, which Containeth in Acres, as followeth. In Europe. England.— 29000568. Acres. Scotland.— 14000432. Acres. Ireland.— 18000000. Acres. The Ten Spanish Provinces.— 7197000. Acres. The Seven United Provinces.— 3599000. Acres. France.— 82879000. Acres. Spain.— 67000535. Acres. Italy.— 44000257. Acres. Under Spain. Naples.— 11704000. Acres. Lombary.— 1640000. Acres. Savoy.— 1910000. Acres. Piedmont.— 1160000. Acres. Under Venice. Trevisano.— 2584000. acres. Verona.— 480000. acres. Friul.— 1047000. acres. Mantua.— 480000. acres. Tuscany.— 4785000. acres. Suria and Florence.— 1480000. acres. Mercia Ancona.— 1412000. acres. Parma.— 885000. acres. Sicilia.— 3113000. acres. Under Rome. Liguria.— 1415000. acres. Romania.— 1085000. acres. Heturia.— 540000. acres. Latium.— 480000. acres. Cyprus.— 1601000. acres. Corsica.— 1395000. acres. Sardinia.— 4089000. acres. Candia.— Under the Turk.— 2060000. acres. Under Germany. Saxony.— 3484000. acres. Misnia.— 3249000. acres. Turingia.— 1093000. acres. Lnsatia.— 2572000. acres. Bavaria.— 3249000. acres. Holsatia.— 3644000. acres. Helvetia.— 1232000. acres. Basil.— 842000. acres. Sweburgh.— 2109000. acres. Saltsburgh.— 1063000. acres. Trier Mentz Spires.— 4237000. acres. Stratsburgh and Worms.— 4237000. acres. Juliers.— 348000. acres. Cleve.— 258000. acres. West-Phalia.— 2300000. acres. Osnah.— 358. acres. Silesia.— 5706000. acres. Bohemia.— 7024000. acres. Austria.— 6121000. acres. Moravia.— 4114000. acres. Pomerania.— 3249000. acres. Brandenburg.— 6208000. acres. Mecklenburg.— 2107000. acres. Franconia.— 6361000. acres. Tyrol.— 3249000. acres. Carinthia.— 1588000. acres. Stiria.— 1779000. acres. Palatine of the Rhine.— 4361000. acres. Wortemburg.— 1223000. acres. Emden.— 230000. acres. Oldenbourg.— 449000. acres. Liege.— 548000. acres. Cologne.— 215000. acres. In all— 93000646. acres. Russia.— 9607000. acres. Voshinia.— 5762000. acres. Massovia.— 196000. acres. Livonia.— 34115000. acres. Poland.— 19205000. acres. The Dominions of Denmark. Danmark.— 10426000. acres. Norway.— 28492000. acres. Holstein.— 1065000. acres. Ditmarsh.— 337000. acres. The Dominions of Sweden. Swoden.— 57430000. acres. Finland.— 7531000. acres. Gothia.— 20936000. acres. Hungaria, 385367000. acres. Dalmatia, 385367000. acres. Transilvania. 385367000. acres. and all Turkey 385367000. acres. in Europe 385367000. acres. Part of Russia, or Muscovia, 232558000. acres. in Europe, Contains. 232558000. acres. Part of Muscovia in Asia Contains.— 128817000. acres. Tartary.— 299110000. acres. Persia.— 385367000. acres. East-Indies.— 587200000. acres. In Africa. Africa.— 1541883000. acres. In America. North part of America.— 1152400000. acres. South part of America.— 1349133000. acres. So that the whole Sum of the Habitable Part of the World is six Milliars, six hundred and 23 Millions, and Seventy thousand Acres. ☞ Note, that a Milliar is one Thousand Millions. A Table showing the bearing Distance, and Longest day, and difference of Meridian's of most of the principal Cities in the World, from the Famous City of London. Names of the places. The way or Point of bearing. Dist. in miles. Longest day Differ. meridi H. M. H. M. Alexandria-in Egypt. s. e. by e. 2196 14 00 1 42 Amsterdam in Holland. e. by no. 266 16 40 0 28 Athens in Greece s. e. by e. 1641 14 40 0 56 Antwerp in Brabant East fere 248 26 28 0 24 Barwick in England Nor. fere 267 17 24 0 2 Babylon in Chaldea ea. so. ea. 2724 14 25 3 56 Bethsaida in Canaan s. e. by e. 2365 14 6 2 29 Bermudas West Ocean w. so. w. 3409 14 10 4 56 Cali●ute in East-Iudia s. e. by e. 5214 12 20 6 8 Calis in France ea. by so. 86 16 25 0 9 Constantinople in Turkey ea. so. ea. 1547 15 15 2 24 Dublin in Ireland n.w. by w. 296 17 15 0 26 Dantzick in Prusia. ea. no. ea. 961 17 5 1 44 Damascus Turkey in Asia ea. so. ea. 2404 14 15 3 16 Edinburgh in Scotland North 328 17 40 0 0 Ephesus in Greece e. s. e. 1808 14 40 2 30 Florence in Italy sou. east. 801 15 10 0 57 Frankford in Germany East fere. 448 16 15 0 47 Hamburgh in Germany ea. no. ea. 538 18 0 0 56 Jerusalem in Canaan s. e. by e. 2352 14 8 3 3 Isleland in the N. sea n. n. w. 930 21 44 0 52 Joppa in Canaan s. e. by e. 2938 14 6 5 0 Lisbon in Portugal so. so. w. 985 14 45 1 0 Middleburgh in Zealand East 295 16 30 0 20 Mentx in Germany East 410 16 25 0 45 Milan in Italy s. e. fere. 645 15 22 0 48 Morocco in Barbary so. by w. 1449 14 0 0 28 Mexico in America w. by so. 6844 13 20 9 59 Naples in Italy So. by e. 1051 14 50 0 16 Niniveh in Asia e. so. ea 2635 14 30 3 52 Paris in France s. s. e. 215 15 57 0 20 Philippi in Macedonia. e. s. e. 1395 15 10 2 10 Prague in Bohemia East fere 700 16 15 1 14 Quinzai, the greatest City in the world. E. by S. 7272 13 35 u 28 Rome in Italy s. e. by e. 887 15 4 1 7 Spiers in Germany c. by s. 430 16 2 0 46 Strawsborough ea. by s. 432 16 0 2 41 Toledo in Spain so. by w. 934 14 30 5 36 Troy in Greece e. s. e. 1605 15 0 2 25 Venice in Italy e. s. e. 744 15 28 1 3 Sivil in Spain so. by w. 950 14 40 0 52 York in England No. fere. 150 17 0 0 4 LONDON. 16 26 0 0 FINIS A Geographical Description OF THE WORLD. CHAP. I. Of the World in General THe surfare of the Earth is Divided into two great Continents one of which is Divided into Europe, Asia and Africa, and the other into two, viz. North and South America, as are plainly soen in the Map of the World, with their names in the midst in Capital Letters: There is but little difficulty about the bounds after that which joins Europe and Asia, is Considered (for bating the little Isthmus made by the Mediterranean and Mare Rubrum, which contains the Limits of Asia and Africa) there is no part of the said Quarters which is not Surrounded by the Sea: For the separation then or Boundary between Europe and Asia, Geographers are of various Opinions Concerning this Division; Some Divide it thus, with a line drawn through the Egean Sea and Hellespont, through the Euxine Sea to Palus Meotis, along the stream of the River Tanais to the mouth thereof, and so by the River Dwina to the Bay of St. Nicholas in the white Sea. Others (as the Right Honourable the Earl of Castlemain) in his Book of the use of the English Globe, doth more Judiciously divide it thus, Supposing a line drawn from the Mouth of Tan●●s Runs up the stream to Tuia (Situated on the most Easterly flexure,) and thence going to the nearest Banks of the Riyer Oby, accompanies it till it falls in the Northem Ocean, my Lord doth the rather Incline to this Division than any other, because it Contains almost all the Vast Dominions of the Russian Emperor, and so makes him an entire European Monarch. CHAP. II. Of Europe in General. EVrope although it be the least of the four grand Divisions of the Earth (as appears in the Map of the World) yet it is of the most Renown. 1. For the Temperature of the Air, lying in the midst of the Temperate Zone, and therefore Fertile in its soil. 2. The flourishing of Arts and Sciences. 3. For the Purity and Sincerity of the Christian faith, The language of the Europeans is Divided into several branches or Dialects, but all from three Roots or stems, which are, 1. The Latin. 2. The Tutonick or High Dutch. 3. The Sclavonian tongue. Those that Branch from the Latin are the Italians, French, Spaniards, Portagalls; and those from the Tutonick, are the English, Dutch, Swedes, Danes, Goths; and from the Sclavonian, the Crontians, Hongarïans, Transilounians, Russians, The Kingdoms and Principal Regions are as followeth, (as they stand in the Table of Europe,) viz. England, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Germany, XV TWO Provinces, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, Lithuania, Moscovia, Russia, lesser Tartary, Turkey in Europe. The most famous Rivers in Europe are nine, The Thames in England, Tornia in Scandin●●ia, Wolga in Muscovia, the Loire in France, the Rhine in Germany, the Weyssel in Poland, Tagus in Spain, Po in Italy, and the Danube in Germany and Turkey in Europe. We Rank England, Scotland and Ireland, in the first place, in Regard they own obedience to the Stepter of our Gracious Sovereign. We shall therefore Begin with the Desoription of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, (not affecting that Diminutive Appellation of the British Isles) as if they were Gnernsey or Jursey and no way Comporting with the Renown and Grandeur of those famous Kingdoms. Of Great Britain. GReat Britain Contains England, Scotland, and Wales, making the most Famous Island in the whole World. It was once called Albion, ab Albis Rupibus from the white Rocks apearing on the South Coast, towards France, from whence it was first Discovered. Afterwards Britain, some say from Brutus, of the Trojan Race, who first settled a Government here; or as others will have it, from Prutainia, signifying Metals, because of the great quantity of Tin, Iron, Led, etc. that is found here. But others say the Britaines had their name from the word, Birth, which signifieth stained or painted, by reason of a Custom the Natives had to paint their Skins all over, and of several Colours, that they might thereby the more Terrify their Enemies, whence also the Romans called the People of Scotland Pists. The whole length from Strathy-head in Scotland to the Lizard-point in Cornwall, is counted 624 Miles: And the breadth from the lands end in Cornwall, to the Isle of Thanet in Kent is about 340. It is observed in his Majesty's Teritoryes about Great Britain and Ireland, there are eight Several Dialects spoken by his Majesties own Subjects, viz. 1. English. 2. Scotch. 3. Irish. 4. Welch. 5. Cornish (in Cornwall.) 6. French (in Garnsey and Jarsey.) 7. Manks (in the Isle of Man) and 8. Gothish (in the Islands of Suhtland. Of England. ENgland (a name taken from the Angli a people that came in with the Saxons, and not changed by the Danish or Norman Conquerors) is the chief part of the Island of Great Britain, being Divided into 40 Counties and 22 Bishoprics, is Accounted in length 386 miles, in breadth 279. The soil is very fertile and plentiful; several of its Chief Commodities and Excellencies are Contained in this verse, Anglias, Mons, Pons, Fons. Ecclesia, Femina, Lana. England is stored with Bridges, Hills and Wool, With Churches, Wells, and Women Beautiful. Its first known inhabitants were the Britain's, who being Conquered by the Romans, and afterwards overrun by the Saxons, were forced to Retire into that Corner of the Kingdom called Wales: where their Posterity to this day Inhabit, being a Province Divided into 12 Counties and 4 Bishoprics, the eldest Son of our English Kings, being always Entitled Prince of Wales. The forementioned Saxons Divided the whole Realm into seven Kingdoms, and were much oppressed for a long time by the Danes, but at last being united under one King, were subdued by the Normans, under William the Conqueror, whose Successors Continue to this day. Of Wales. WAles is Environed on all sides by the Sea, except towards England, from which it is separated from the RIVER DEE, and a line drawn to the RIVER WYE: But Anciently it Extended to the RIVER SEVERNE Eastward, for Offa King of the Mercians, forced them to leave the Plain Countries beyond that River (which now is called the Marches of Wales,) and to betake themselves to the Mountains; which he caused to be separated from England, by a great Ditch called Offa's Dike, in Welsh Claudh-Offa, in many places yet to be seen. The whole Country is Generally Mountainous and Barren, yet affordeth several good Commodities, and is not without many fertile Valleys, which bear good Corn, and breedeth abundance of small Cattle, with which they furnish England; as also with Butter, Cheese, woollen Cloth, called Friezes Cottons, Bays, Calveskins, Hides, Honey, Wax. It is divided into 4 Circuits for the Admistration of Justice, and is divided into 13 Counties, wherein is contained 1016 Parish Churches, 56 Market Towns and 40 Castles, 230 Rivers, 99 Bridges, 32 Parks, 13 Forests, 1 Chase. Also these hills are famous for their height, viz. Snowden, Plinillimon, Brechin, Moylvodian, Brethrens, Caddoridrie, Rarduvaure, Monuch, Dennye, and Penm●n-Maur. Of Scotland. SCotland is the Northern Part of Great Britain, longer than England, but not so broad, much colder and less Fruitful, the whole Containing 35 Shires, is Divided into Lowlands, which speak a kind of Barbarous English, and the Highlands, whose language is very near the same with the Irish. This Realm, upon succession of King James to the English Crown, became united to that Sceptre, and are Jointly styled Great Britain. It's Chief Commodities are Course Clothes, Frieses, Fish, Hides, Lead-Ore, and here are four Universities, Edenbrugh, Glascow, St. Andrews, and Aberdeen, two Arch-Bishops and eleven Bishops. As to their Courts of Justice, they are peculiar to themselves, the chief of which is the Session or College of Justice, onsisting of a Precedent, 14 Senators, 7 of the Clergy and as many of the Laity, unto which was afterward joined the Chancellor, who is chief, and 5 other Senators, & in time of the Sessions of Parliament there is a high Commissioner constituted by his Majesty to Act as Vice Roy under him, which at present is the Illustrious Prince James Duke of York and Albany. Of IRELAND. I Reland is the bigest Island in Europe after Britain. The West of which lies towards Spain, Containing in length above 300 Miles, in breadth 150. It neither breeds nor will Harbour venomous Creatures; the Soil is very good, and by the late Industry of the Inhabitants (now the greatest part English;) the whole Country gins to Grow rich and Flourishing, as the Populous and fair new buildings at Dublin, and other Places, Demonstrate. It is Divided in four Provinces, viz. Leinster, Ulster, Munster & Counaught, and each of them into several Counties, as may appear in the Table of Ireland. The Comoditieses are store of , as also Tallow, Butter, Cheese, and Wool, of which they make cloth, Frieses, rugs, Mantles, etc. Its Seas yields great plenty of Codfish, Herrings, Pilchers, etc. and in the Bowels of the Earth, Mines of Tin, Led, and Iron. Of Spain. SPain, the most Western Country of Europe it separated from France or the North-east by the Pyrenean Mountains, and on the West joining to Portugal, on all other parts washed by the Sea, its whole Circuit being 1900 English Miles. They are a mixed People, Descended from Goths, Saracens, and Jews: from the Jews they Inherit Superstition, from the Saracens Melancholy, from the Goths desire of Liberty. They are much given to Women, vain glorious, and stately; very Grave in their Carriage, zealous Adherers to the Church of Rome, Obedient to their Prince, true to their words, and of Wonderful Patience, Enduring adversity: their Women sober, loving to their Husbands, and Gallants, wonderful, Delicate, Curious in Painting, and perfuming, but by Custom forbidden to drink any Wine, at least till they are Married. This Country yields Sacks, Sugars, Oil, Metals, Liquorish, Rice, Silk, Wool, Cork, Rosin, Steel, Oranges and Lemons, and Raisins, etc. But is defective in Corn, and are glad to be supplied therewith from Italy, France or Sicilia; nor are their Cattle large or many, their fare being most upon Salads and Fruits; every Gentleman limited what flesh he shall buy for himself and Family: they have Universities, such as they are: their Courts are kept at Madrid. Of Portugal. POrtugal is a Distinct Kingdom by itself, though anciently a province of Spain. It's Chief City is Lisbon; their Customs and Religion much like the Spaniards. Of France. THe Kingdom of France is for one entire thing, one of the most rich and absolute Monarchies of the World, being almost a square, each side containing about 600 Miles; it is bounded on the North with Lower Germany, on the North-West, washed with the British Ocean, on the west with the Aquitain Sea, on the South the Pyrenean Mountains fence it from Spain, on the East it extends to the Medeteranean, and the Alps, which Divide it from Italy. It abounds with all manner of good Fruits, besides great store of Fish and Fowl; but it's Chiefest Commodities are Wine, Salt, Linen, Cloth and Corn; the less Maternal are Wood for dying, Paper, Nuts, Almonds, Laces to the New Modes. The People are general Complimental, inconstant and Rash; both their Gentlemen and Citizens live more sparingly then the English, they feed most on Boiled or Liquid Meats, and are very curious in sauces. In Matters of War, there is an old Comparison that Resembles the French to a Flea, quickly Skiping into a Country, and assoon leaping out of it; of which late Transactions afford several instances; their Language is Amorous, and they leave out manny Consonants in Pronunciation, Occasioning this Proverb, A Frenchman writes not as he pronounces, Sings not as he Pricks, nor Speaks as he thinks. The Nationall Religion is Popery, yet there are many Protestants amongst them, whom they in derision call Hugonots, who of late have been and are under great Persecution for their Religion and loss of their Privileges, not occasioned in the least by their disloyalty, or any disturbance of the Government, but only and alone from the Malice of the Popish Clergy. The Air in the Northern parts of France is Pu●er then that of England, and being not so much Covered with Clouds drawn out of the Sea, becomes more cold in Winter, and more hot in Summer, and less Annoved with mists and Rain. The Kingdom is divided into twelve General Governments, to which may be added four new Governments, being the late Conquests of the French King. Four towards the North on this side the Loir, four in the middle of France, on each side the Loir, four on the South beyond the Loir, and the other four to the Eastward towards Germany. Of several Countries bordering upon France LA Franche Comte, or the free County, called also the County of Burgundy, is environed with Champagne, Lorraine, Bressy, and the Duchy of Burgundy, being in length 90 Miles, and breadth 60. One of the most fertile Provinces in the World, the chief City is Besanson, the next Dole, famous for the College of Jesuys there. It was under the Spanish Crown, but a few years ago suddenly surprised by the French. 2. Lorraine, a Principality adjoining to that last mentioned, about four days Journey in length, and three in breadth; it abounds with Corn and Wine, good Horses, plenty of Mines and Store of Salt and Fish: the Duke's Revenue was formerly computed at 700000 Crowns per Annum; and they were wont to give for their Device, An armed Arm coming as it were from Heaven, and Grasping a naked Sword, to show that they were absolute Princes, holding their estate by no other tenure then from God and the Sword: but the French have likewise not long since violently overrun; this Country; and the present Duke Commands the Emperor's forces, having Married the Queen Dowager of Poland. 3. Savoy, a Dukedom compassed with Dauphine, Switzerland and Piedmont, which latter it for the most part under its Government, lying on the Italian side of the Alps, and being exceeding pleasant and Fruitful. The rest of Savoy is Mountainous & Barren. Adjoining hereunto, on the Lake Lemane, stands the City of Geneva, a Common wealth, not extending eight Leagues in Circuit; But of indifferent good Trade, and well Fortified. 4. Switzerland, is likewise a Republic, Consisting of 13. Shires or Cantons, of which five are all Papists, six all Protestants, and two mixed. 'Tis thought to be the highest Country in Europe, and sends forth four of the Greatest Rivers, viz. The Danubias through Germany and Turkey East; the Rhine, through Germany, North; the Rhosne, through France, West; and so through Italy, South; the Soil is but mean, being so Hilly; but the Men great Warriors, and famous for their Mercenary Valour. This Country is in length about 240 miles, and 188 in breadth, very Mountainous, affording Deers, Wild-goats and Bears. The Valleys affords rich Pasture for Cattle, wherein consists their greatest wealth, in some places they have good Wines and Corn. Of Italy. I Taly is the most famous Region of Europe, very much Resembling the form of a man's leg; A most Pleasant Country, Commodious for Traffic, and Exceeding fertile. 'Tis bounded on the East with the Adriatic Sea, South and West with the Tyrrhene Sea, on the North with the Alps, being in length 1020 Miles, and in Breadth not above 440. in the Broadest place. It abounds with Corre, Wine and Oil, yields plenty of Almonds, Pomegranates, etc. The whole Country seeming as an entire Garden. The People were Anciently famous for their Valour and Prudence, and are still Courteous and Grave, and very Obliging to Strangers, yet much Inclining to Jealousy and Wantonness, and sharp Revenge; sparing in Diet, but neat; their greatest Expenses are about their Gardens. Here about 1600 year ago the Latin tongue Flourished, being vulgarly spoken; but afterwards by the Invasions of the Goths and Vandals, and other Barbarous Nations, the Common Speech became mixed and degenerated, which at this day we call the Italian, and is still a most Delicate, Noble, and Courtly Language. The Capital City is Rome, once Mistress of the World in temporals, and still pretending to be so in spirituals, in Compass about 11 Miles, but full of Gardens, and waste ground, so that its supposed not to Contain above 250000 Souls, two parts in three of whom are Clergy men, and Courtesans. But in the Flourishing of the Roman Empire, it contained 50 Miles in Compass, and not Fewer then 3 or 4 Millions of People, as is found in Authentic History. After the Emperors removed their Seat to Constantinople, the Bishop of Rome taking Advantage by their absence, by pretended Donation from Constantine made himself absolute Prince of a great part of Italy, called St. Peter's Patrimony, and the Lands of the Church, and the rest in time became Cantonized into several Petty Principalities and States. In the Bottom of the Adriatic, now called the Gulf of Venice, stands the famous City and Virgin Commonwealth of Venice, Situate on many Islands; and the water running through every street, being in compass 8 Miles, Containing 70 Parishes, many Excellent Palaces, and Curious Buildings. Of the Principal Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Of Sicilia. THis Island is the chiefest of all the others in the Mediterranean Sea, and is a Kingdom of itself, it is in Circuit about 780 Miles, it is of a Triangular Shape. It is very plentiful, and abundant in most things, especially Corn; it yields most Delicate Wines, sweet Oil, Sugar, Honey, Silk, Safron, great store of Salt, and by reason of the sweet Temperature they have all Sorts of Fruits, as also Mines of Gold, Silver, Iron and Allom: there are also found Emeralds and Agates, and other Precious Stones; The Country breeds an Excellent Race of Horses; and amongst the Hills and Mountains, there is the famous Mount Aetna, now called Mount Gibello, although it lies covered with Snow,) et from the top Issues forth flame and smoke, and sometimes casteth forth such a quantity of Ashes, that the fields are Covered therewith. There are at present 12 Episcopal Cities, the three whereof, as Palermo, Messina and Monwale, are Arch Bishoprics, all very rich; Palermo is the Royal seat of the whole Kingdom; The Sicilians are very Ingenious and sharp witted People, Eloquent and Pleasant, desirous of Honour; the Island is under the Power of the King of Spain. Of Sardinia. THe Island of Sardinia lieth in the Mediterranean or Tyrrhenean Sea, whose Circuit is 560 Miles, it is Divided into two parts, one is more Hilly than the other; the Island produce 〈◊〉 Excellent Wines, and abundance of Cattles, and great store of Cheese; they have good Horses, but not very high: here are many hot Baths, Salt pits, Mine● of Silver, Brimstone and Allom. This Island hath two Arch Bishoprics, the one is Cagliari, and is the chief City, Seated on a Mountain, having a fair Port; the other is Oristano, very meanly Inhabited by reason of a bad Air; is has a Port, and a great River. The Sardes are a Rude People, and uncivil, well able to endure Labour and hardness good Hunters, not dainty in food, not Curious in Apparel. They formerly had a language of their own but, now Corrupted, and in the the Cities they speak Spanish. Of Corsica. THis Island hath been Inhabited with divers Sorts of People, it is in length 120 Miles. It is Divided into two parts, the Eastern part is called the Interior, and the other on the West called the Exterior side; the Island is every where Enclosed with Rocky Cliffs, and within the land very Hilly; it produceth Horses of a fierce Nature, and Hounds of a wonderful Bigness. First this Island was possessed by the Tyrheans, and afterwards by the Carthaginians; but they were driven out by the Romans, which were also Expulsed by the Saracens, which were likewise subdued by the Genoeses, under whose Jurisdiction it remains. Of Malta. THis Island is renowned for the residence of the great Master of the Knights of Jerusalem, the Circuit is 60 Miles, the land is Stony without River in it; they have store of Sheep, Goats, Oxen, Asses, Mules, Coneys and Partridges; the Inhabitants ●re very brown, swarthy Colour, by reason of the heat of Summer; the Women are fair, but they hate Company and when they go abroad they are Covered. Upon this Island was the Shipwreck of St. Paul, the chief town and seat of the Bishop is called Malta. Of Corfu. COrsu is one of the Islands in the Ionian Sea, in Circuit 300 Miles, and 40. in length; the South part Hilly, but the North part plain, one Mountain Excepted, which stands near the Sea, on whose top is seated Castle Nova, underneath it Castle Vechio, and at the foot of the Hill lies the City of Corfu, shut in and enclosed between those two Castles; the Air is very sweet and good; it abounds with Cedar trees, Orange trees, and other Fruits; it is Plentiful in Honey, Wax, Wine and Oil, Fish and wild Fowl, and wild Beasts, to the great pleasure and pastime of the Inhabitants in their Hunting and Hawking Recreations. Of Candia. THis Island is one of the most famous in the Mediterranean Sea, it reaches 270 Miles in length, and 50 Miles in breadth. This Isle was ormerly called Crete, and had at that time 100 Cities; it is Hilly in the Eastern part: it abounds with Olive trees, Oranges, Cedars, and Excellent Wine, called Malmsey or Muscadine, and in their Valleys Exceeding fair Pastures. This Island hath been lately famous for the great and eninent defence it made against the Turk, but at last was forced to yield the Conquest thereof to them so the Venetians lost it, after a long and tedious siege. The Chief City of the Island is called Candia. Of Cyprus. THis Island is 550 Miles in Circumference, in length it is 200, and in breadth 65 Miles. It is Divided into two parts by a Mountain which runs through it from East and West; the Air is very hot, and but little water, there falls little rain; it abounds with all things needful for life; it produceth great store of Corn, and other Pulse and Grain, Oil, excellent Wine, Sugar, and Cotten-Wool, Honey, Turpentine, Verdigreace, Brass, and all Sort of Metals, Salt and Grogrames of Goat's hair; the Women Lascivious. This Kingdom is Divided into 11 Provinces, the Chief City is Nicosia, adorned with fair Churches and sumptuous Palaces; it was once in the Possession of the Venetians, but now under the Turk. Of Majorca and Minorca. TWo Istands about 60 miles from Spain, the first 300, the second is 150 Miles in Circuit, and both Indifferent Fruitful. Of Cephalonia and Zant THese Islands each of them are in Compass 60 Miles or there abouts, they have plenty of Currans and Oil, and Wine; and are under the Venetians. Of Germany. GErmany is Divided into two parts, High and Low. High Germany is bounded on the West, with France and Belgium; on the North, with Denmark and the Baltique Sea; on the East, with Prussia, Poland, and Hungary; and on the South with the Alps and Italy. The Country is almost Square, each side being 650 Miles; it hath one General Governor called the Emperor, a Name derived from the Ancient Roman Emperors, but retains very little of that Power; for most of the other Princes are absolute in their Respective Dominions, whence this mighty Body, by Reason of Various Interests and Differences, becomes nothing so formidable as it would be, if firmly united under one Sovereign Monarch; The Principal Regions are presented to you in the Table of Germany, the whole Country abounds with most things necessary for Life. Its Commodities are Mines of Silver, an other Inferior Metals; Wines, and fresh Fish, Quicksilver, Allom, etc. The People are Honest, Laborious, and Sincere, Stout Drinkers, and Good Soldiers: The Women of Indifferent Complexions, but somewhat corpulent; as for their Diet, There is this Proverb, The Germans have much meat, but Sluttishly dressed; The French little, but neatly Cooked; The Spaniards neither one nor the other. The Title of the Father descends to all the Children, every Son of a Duke, is a Duke, every Daughter a Duchess; For Religion, some are Papists, others Protestant's; which latter are again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists. Of the Seventeen Provinces. LOwer Germany is that which is called Belgium, or the Netherlands, and is bounded on the East, with the River Ems, and part of High Germany, on the West with the Germane Sea, on the North with East Freesland, and on the South with the Some, Champaign and Lorraine, containing in all Seventeen Provinces: But we shall only speak here of the seven United Provinces, or Dutch Commonwealth; The Names of which are, Holland, Zealand, Vtrecht, Over-Issel, Zutphen, Gronixgen, and West-Friesland, which was first made in the year 1581. on their Revolt from their Ancient Sovereign the King of Spain, against whom by the great Assistance of the English, and Princes of Orange, they Waged War many years so successfully, that he was at last forced to treat with them as a Free State. These Countries are exceeding Populous, being a People very Industrious, they have attempted to Grasp the Trade of this part of the World into their hands. In these Provinces the Women govern all, both within doors, and without, and make all bargains, which makes them injurious and Troublesome; the Eldest Daughter is of the greatest Reputation, yet hath no larger Portion than the rest; they Mary Noble with Ignoble, young with old, Master with Servants, and into strange Towns, and Foreign Countries. There are within Holland also a great Number of Lakes and standing Waters. They want both Corn, Wine, Oil, Wood, Wool, Hemp, Flax, and almost all other Commodities; and yet there is not any Country in the North which abounds so much as Holland and Zealand, in almost all the forementioned Commodities; so great is the Advantages these Provinces receive by the Sea. The ten Catholic Provinces, or Spanish Netherlands. THe ten Spanish Provinces are these, Flanders, Limburg, Luxenburg, Brabant, the Marquisate of the Holy Empire; Artots, Henault, Namurs, Meckline, and Gerderland. The Soil is very Fruitful, and mightily Peopled, but exceedingly wasted and impoverished by the late Wars and Incursions made in their Country by the French King. In these Countries belonging to the King of Spain, are 208. Walled Towns, 150. Towns privileged, as walled Towns; 6300. Villages with Parish Churches, besides a great Number of Villages and Hamblets. There are five principle Rivers in the seventeen Provinces; The Rhine, the , the Scheld, the Haa, and Emes. The affords abundance of Sturgeon, so big, that some of them weigh four hundred, and some four hundred and twenty pounds, and are twelve foot long, of Antwerp Measure; The Scheld doth also abound with most sorts of Fish. They have divers Forests and Woods, well stored, with Red and Fallow Deer, Goats, Wild Boars, Hares, Coneys, Badgers, Wolves, Foxes, etc. which yield good Furs. The Fowl in these Countries are Partridges, Feasants, Turtle-Doves, Quails, and any sort of Birds as we have in England. The two Principal Cities in these Countries are Amsterdam in the Seven United Provinces, and Antwerp in the Ten Provinces. Amsterdam standeth upon the Gulf Tye, and is built upon Piles under the Ground, as Venice is; so that the buildings under ground, are more chargeable than above: It is very rich in Merchandise, the buildings are very Sumptuous and Fair. Antwerp lies on the right side of the Scheld, it flourisheth exceedingly in the Number of Inhabitants, in beautiful Buildings, and in Merchandizing, which is chief occasioned by the the Commodiousness of the Scheld, it being a River of so great breadth and depth, and Ebbing and Flowing so far into the Sea. Of Norway. Norway the Western parts of Scandanavia, is a place very Barren and Mountainous, so that instead of bread the People eat dried Fish, which we call Stockfish. They export Furs, train-oil, Timber, Deals, Clapboard. It is a Kingdom of itself, and divided into five Governments or Provinces. 1. The Government of Bahus, the chief Towns, Bahus and Maerstrand. 2. That of Agger, the chief Towns is Agger, Opslo, and Frederick Stadt. 3. That of Bergen, the chief Town Bergen, the Residence of the Viceroy. 4. The Government of Dronthem, the chief Town Dronthem, the Seat of the Ancient Kings of Norway. 5. Wardhuyse, the chief Town Wardhuyse, near the North Cape of Norway. The Normegians are little given to si●kness, and are of a strong Constitution; their great inclination to Sorcery, makes them have the Reputation of selling the Winds to the Scamen. Of Sweden. THe Kingdom of Sweden hath on the East Muscovia, On the West the Dofriae-Hills (that part that side from Norway) on the North the Frozen Seas, and on the South the Baltic. The Country is little less than Italy and France put together. The People are good Warriors, and live hardly, the Air is sharp but so salubrious, that it is ordinary for men to live 100 years; It aboundeth with Lead, Iron, Copper, Tarr, Furs. Sweden Comprehends seven parts, which are. 1. Halland, Schonen and Bleking, all which go under the name of South Gothland. The Chief Towns Lunden, Malmugen, Landskroon, and Christianstadt. 2. The North part of Gothland is divided into Ostro Gothland and Westro Gothland; The Chief Towns Calmar, Gottenburgh, and Linkopen. 3. Sweden containing eight or nine Provinces. The Chief Cities are Stockholme, Vpsal and Nikopen. 4. Lapland is Divided into five Regions or Territories, viz. Vma, Piiha, Lula, Tormia and Lapmark, with the Towns of the same name whereof Tormia is of most importance. 5. The great Province of Finland, subdivided into several small Provinces, The Chief Towns are Abbo, Wiburg and Roseburg. 6. Ingria, The Chief Towns, Noteburg and Juanagr●d. 7. Livania, or Liffland, The Chief Town, Riga, Derpt, and Revel. The Crown of Swedland is also possessed of several Islands in the Baltic Sea; And in Germany, the Dukedoms of Pomerens, Bremen and Ferden; The Town of Wismar, and the Island of Rugen. In the North Part of Sweden, Tormia and Kimi, are the most Considerable Rivers of Scandinavia. The Country is full of Mountains and Woods, The Commodities of the Country, are Copper, Butter, Tallow, Hides, Skins, Pitch, Rosin, Timber and Board's. There are so few sick people among them, that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice. The Air is so sharp and salubrious, that it is ordinary for men to live an hundred years. Their Religion Lutheran Of Denmark. DEnmaark Consists of three Parts, to wit, Jutland, which is a great Peninsula, or Chersonesus, annexed to Germany. Jutland is Divided into North and South Jutland. 1. North Jutland includs four Lutheran Dioceses, which are, 1. The Diocese of Rypen. 2. Of Arhusen. 3. Of Wiburg, and Alburg, and Schagen, the North Cape of Denmark. 2. South- Jutland Comprehends two Dukedoms. 1. The Dukedom of Holstein, Included within the Circle of Lower Saxony. 2. The Dukedom of Sleswick, the Chief Town of the same name, with the Castles of Gottorp, Tonningen and Fiendsburg. The most Remarkable Islands of the Baltic are. 1. Zealand, the Chief City Copenhagen the Residence of the King, whose Brother Prince George was Married to the Illustrious Lady AND, Daughter to his Royal Highness the DUKE of York, Anno 1683. 2. The Island Fuinen the Chief Towns Odensee, Middlefort and Niburg. The Islands and Countries in the Northern Sea, which depends upon the Kingdom of Denmark, are a great Island of Iselandia, the Chief Town, Hola a Bishopric. The Islands Fezo. The Kingdom of Norway, etc. Of Poland. THe Elective Kingdom of Poland, lies to the Eastward of Germany, on the North of Hungary, Transilvania, and Moldavia, and Southwestward from Muscovia. It Contains two Estates, that of true Poland with the Provinces Annexed thereto, and the great Duchy of Lithuania, with its Dependencies, which is now united to the Crown of Poland. The whole Kingdom is divided into twelve Provinces as may appear in the Table. It is in Compass 2600 miles very fruitful in Barley and Cattle, & Hemp Wax, Pitch & Tarr and other Merchandise. The Inhabitants Excellent Soldiers; They are all pestered with factions, that they can attempt no great matter, only to defend themselves from the Turks. They are much addicted to the Latin Tongue. They have of all Religions amongst them, but the Present King seems much to favour Popery, and was Eminently service able in the late War in the relief of Vienna, and the regaming of Hungary from the Turk. Of Lithuania. LIthuania is the Greatest Province of all those which Compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland; It has the Tittle of a Grand Dukedom, wherein there are as many great Officers, as in the Kingdom of Poland. The Country is full of Marshes and Sloughs, that there is no travelling in the Winter for Ice. Samogitia, a Country in this Dukdome, whose Inhabitants live very poorly. Volhinia, the Chief City Kiou, an Ancient place, having once 300 fair Churches, but destroyed by the Tartars; still a Bishops See, acknowledging the Partriarch of Moscow, and of the Communion of the Greek Church; seated on the Borysthenes, where the Cossacks have often had their Retreats. It was lately in the hands of the Muscovite, but now said to be the Turks, in the year 1678. In Podolia stands the well fortified and Impregnable Caminiack, which formerly withstood the Armies of the Turks, the lesser Tartars, the Transylvanians, and the Walachians; but at length was forced to yield to the Grand Signior, in the year 1672. since Retaken by the Poles; but by the last Treaty delivered to the Turks, as also Orzanthow and Dussow, at the mouth of the Borysthenes. Of Muscovia. MVscovia is the vastest Empire in Europe, 3300 miles long, and 3000 broad: The whole Country is over spread with Woods and Lakes. The People for the most part fat and Corpulent, strong of Body, and good proportion, only Great Bellies, and Broad Beards, are in Fashion. The Women love not their Husbands, unless they beat them. They only teach their Children to Write and Read. They wear long Robes, under which they have close coats down to their knees, but they tie their Girdles under their bellies. The Religion of the Muscovite is of the Greek Church; all their Images are in flat painting. The Grand Duke bears the Title of Czar, as much as to say Cezar. The Habits which he is said to wear makes him look like a Priest. The Ambassadors of Foreign Princes are at the greatest trouble in the World to give him his right Titles. One of his Pedeceisers was so Barbarous, that he caused the Hat of a French Ambassador to be nailed to his Head, because he refused to be uncovered in his presence: but Queen Elizabeth sent an Ambassador thither soon after, a man so Courageous, that he stood also in his presence covered, and undauntedly told the Czar to his Face; that if he touched a hair of his Head, his great Mistress would make his Empire to tremble; and made the Titles of his Mistress, the Queen of England, Exceed the number of the Czars' Tittles; Styling her The M●st high and Mighty Monarch: ELIZABETH Queen of England, France, and Ireland, Northumberland, Westmorland Cumberland, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, etc. Running through all the Counties and shires in England the length of which Titles Amazed the Czar; and he acquainted the Ambassador, That he had a great Esteem for her Majesty and for her Subjects; and declared his willingness to suffer her Subjects to trade in any part of his Empire, without paying any Duties, which great Privilege was Continued to our English Merchants, until the Martyrdom of King CHARLES the first, of glorious Memory; he mightily resenting that Horrid Act; and that Privilege hath not been yet regained. Muscovia is Divided into two parts, the Northern and the Southern: Moscow it the Capital City, and the Residence of the Czar. There are at this present two Czars, who not long since sent two Ambassadors, one from each, to his Majesty of Great Britain: 1683. Of Turkey in Europe. THat part of the Ottoman Empire which is Turkey in Europe, Contains the greatest parts of Hungary, and all Transylvania, Moldavia, Bessarabie, Walachia, Bulgoria, Servia, Bosnia, Sclavonia, Albania, Romania, Macedonia, Thessaly, Epirus, Achaia, and Morea. with the Aegean and Ionian Islands, And in the year 1683 the Grand Signior brought an Army of 100000 men in Austria, where with he thought to have Conquered, not only the small part of Hungary that is left to the Emperor, but the greatest part of the Empire also; The Conduct of which army was Committed to the Grand Visier, and past by all the strong Cities in Hungary, as Raab, Komorra, etc. and sat down before Vienna the 8th of July. in hopes to have taken it by Surprise. The Imperial Army under the Conduct of the Duke of Lorraine, their General, very opportunely Conveyed his Infanry into the City, consisting of 15000 men; who having Count Staremburg for their Governor, a man famous for his Valour and and Conduct, that the great fury the Turks shown in their several Assaults Redounded to their own loss, and the encouragement of the Besieged; and were repulsed with a very great slaughter; some say with no less than 15 or 20000 men, whose dead Bodies proved so great an Annoyance to the Turkish Army, that the Grand Visier desired three days Truce to bury his dead; which being denied by the Worthy Governor, caused him to remove his Camp at a further distance, for fear of infecting his Army; and finding himself deceived in his Intelligence; (the Garrison being stronger than he was informed) he proceeded to a formal Siege, which he Continued for the space of nine Weeks; with more than ordinary Toil and Labour, working with his Mines day and night, in hopes to have Carried the place before any Relief could come to them; and having sprang several of them by which the place was Assaultable, he stormed it several times, but was still beaten off with great loss, and having at last sprung one under the Baston Lobel, he continued his Assault with greater fury and vigour, though without success; so that after so long a time, and so many Continued Assaluts, the Governor finding himself reduced to great Extremity, made the Appointed Sign to the Duke of Lorraine for Relief: Whereupon the King of Poland being joined with the Imperial Forces, made up an Army of 85000 Men, Horse and Foot. It was Resolved at a General Council of War, to Attaque the Turkish Camp upon the 12th of September new stile; And Accordingly it was put in Execution. The King of Poland having the Attacked the Grand Viziers Quarters, The Duke of Lorraine on the side of the Bastion of the Court; and Prince Waldeck that which leads to the Scotish gate. The Attaque being warmly begun, and Count Staremburgh Sallying out at the same time, soon put the Infantry into disorder; upon with their Horses fled, and with them the Grand Visier, leaving them to the Mercy of the Christians, who cut them all to pieces, and remained Master of their Camp, with their Tents, the Pavilion of the Grand Visier, Their Artillery, and Ammunition, and a Considerable sum of Money; in this Action the English that were there, behaved themselves very Gallantly to the great Commendation of our Nation. After the relief of Vienna, the two Armies under the King of Poland, and the Duke of Lorraine continued the Pursuit, and with great Success, and regained all the strong Holds in Hungary that were possessed by the Turks; and in all this great Action the Turks did not Rally their Army to Face the Christians: But did Continually fly before them. THE General Description of ASIA. ASIA is a very Considerable part of the World, in regard, First, That Man was therein Created; Secondly, Here our blessed Saviour was born, wrought his Miracles, and Suffered for the Redemption of the World; Thirdly, Here was Transacted the most Remarkable Occurences mentioned in the Old and New Testament, and from hence all Nations of the World, and all Arts and Sciences had their first beginning. Many are the Religions here Followed; but the Jews, Mahometans and Idolaters, excel the Christians in number. Mahometism is received by the four Principal Nations of Asia, viz. the Turks, Arabians, Persians, and Tartars. The Turks gives most Liberty, the Arabians are the most Superstitious, the Persians most Rational, and the Tartars most simple. The Turks follow the Doctrine of Omar and have their Partriarch at Badgat. The Persians follow the Doctrine of Haly, and have their Partriarch at Ispahan. The Greeks also have their Partriarches here, one Residing at Antioch, and the other at Jerusalem. As to the Division of Asia from Europe, it hath already been discoursed of, in the Description of Europe. The Principal Seas within the Land are the Caspian, the Euxine, and the Persian Sea. The Principal Rivers are the Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, Ganges, Crocas, Kiang, etc. The Air of Asia is almost every where Temperate, and abounds with Gold and Silver, Precious Stones, Spices, and Silks. Asia is in Subjection under four mighty Monarches viz. The Grand Senior, the Sultan of Persia; the Cham of Tartary (and now King of China) and the Great Mogul. A great part of Asia Consists in a great multitude of Islands, of which are Maldives, Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Aynam, Japan, the Philippines, the Moluccaes', &c. And the Island of Cyprus, and Rhodes, and some others in the Mediterranean Sea. Of Turkey in Asia. THe Turk by his Puissance having overrun a great share of two of the Considerable parts of the World; Possesseth in Asia, these countries' Anatolia, Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia, and Georgia. 1. Anatolia vulgarly Anatolia, and Anciently Asia the less, a Country once of great Fertility, but now waste and almost desolate, there were the seven Churches to whom St. John Directs his Book of the Revelation, as Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamas, Sardis, etc. Formerly the Air was Exceeding sound and Healthful, now every six years the Pestilence destroys Millions of People. The Mahometan Religion is chief professed in most places thereof. Ephesus once famous for the Temple of Diana, of 425 foot in length, 220 in breadth, supported with 127 Marble Pillars, 70 foot high, 220 years in building, seven times fired. Smirna, a place of great Plenty, the Soil abounding with Wine and Oil. The heats are very Excessive in Summer, (and would be unsupportable, were it not for the Breezes that come off the Sea about 10 a clock, and continueth till evening,) and is followed with the Pestilence and Malignant Fevers. Pergamus and Sardit, have been Royal Cities, Pergamus is famous for the wealth of Attalus, for the Invention of Parchment, and the Birth place of Galen, for its Tapestry, and for its being one of the seven Churches. Sardis for the Residence of the Kings of Lydia, and also one of the 7 Churches. The most Renowned Mountains of the lesser Asia are Taurus, which divides Asia into two parts, and is the most famous Mountain in the World for its height and length. Euphrates divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor, Syria, and Arabia. Tigris, descends from the Georgian Mountains falls into divers lakes, loses itself divers times in the Earth cuts through the Mountains and divides Mesopotamia from Assyria, washes the Ruins of Nineveh, receives the branches of the Euphrates, and disembogues itself into the Persian Gulf. Syria, and Phenicia, Two Adjoining Provinces wherein is Mount Libanus, famous in Scripture for goodly Cedars: The Chief Cities Damascus, Antioch, Tyre, and Sidon, and those now more renowned for Commerce are Aleppo and Scandaroone. The Country abounds with Wheat, Oil, Balm, etc. Canaan or Palestine, in length but 200 miles, and in breadth not above 50; yet so Fruitful that we read in Holy writ, it once sustained 1300000 fight Men, besides the tribes of Levi and Benjamin, but now it is nothing so plentiful; 'Tis now under the Turk Inhabited by mixed People, pretending to Christianity, showing divers of the places mentioned in the Scripture. Mesopotamia or Diarbeck lying between Euphrates and Tigris, the Soil is exceeding Fertile, and from hence supposed to be the place where the Garden of Eden was. Upon Tigris stands Babylon, now called Bagdat, where happened the Confusion of Languages after the Flood, and is only a great Ruinous heap near which place stood the Tower of Babel. Babylon was built by Nimrod much Augmented by Nabuchadnezzar, it was taken by Cyrus, Darius, and by Alexander the great, who died there. In the year 1638 when Amurath the fourth retook it from the Persians, he caused three Men out of every Tent throughout his Army, to be cast into the Mote, and over them a vast number of Bavins and Woolsacks, that he might the more easily assault the place. Armenia now called Turcomania taking its name from the Turks, who being a People of Schythia, and too populous to get food sufficient in so Barren a Country broke through the Caspian Sea, and seated themselves here in the year Anno Domini 844. Georgia, not so called from St. George whom yet here they greatly reverence but from the Georgi who long ago Inhabited the Adjacent Countries, the People now though tributaries to the Turk, Profess Christianity, and agree in most points with the Greek Church: It is seated between the Euxine and the Caspian Sea. Of Arabia. ARabia is bounded on the East with the Persian Gulf, and Chaldea, and on the South the Ocean, and on the West the Red Sea, and some part of Egypt, and on the North the River Euphrates, with some part of Palestine. It is Commonly divided into three parts, viz. Arabia the Stony, Arabia the Desert, and Arabia the Happy. Arabia the Stony lies near the Holy-Land. Arabia the Desert, lies near Chaldea and the Euphrates; Arabia the Happy advances itself between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, which divides it from Persia; and this part is the greatest, and Richest, and best Inhabited of all. Arabia the Stony hath for its chief City Herat, which signifies a Rock, whereon it was built, with an advantageous Situation, a place of great strength. On the Coast of the Red Sea is the Castle Tar, a Walled Town and a Port, very famous, and it is believed the Israelites having passed the Red Sea, Entered the Deserts this way; and it is likewise a Passage, where the Caravans stop at their return from Mecca. Arabia the Desert, so called by reason of the vast Sandy Deserts, and the uninhabitableness thereof, of, scarce offerding either food for Man or Beast: So that those which travel those Countries are forced to carry their Provisions with them, and guide themselves to the place designed by the help of the Stars, or Mariners Compass, as they do at Sea, and go in great Companies for fear of being rob or rifled by the wild Arabs. The People are much addicted to Theft by which they get their living, being stout and warlike Men; their Chief food being Venison, Milk, and Herbs; they go half naked; their Wives they hire for what time they please, Arabia the Happy may properly be so called by Reason of the Fruitfulness and Richness of the Soil, which Produceth plenty of Corn, Wine, Fruit; and Odoriferous Spices; great increase of ; also abounding in Gold, Pearls, Balsom Myrrh, Frankincense, and several forts of Drugs. These People are very Faithful and Punctual in their Promises; here are great quantities of Ostriches which for the most parts abide in the Deserts. In the Province of Hagiaz, the Chief Cities towards the Red Sea are Medina, and Mecca, this last being the Birthplace of Mahomet, and the other his Buryingplace. Medina, though Situated in a Barren and Desolate Place, adjoining on Arabia the Stony, yet by Reason of, its being the Sepulchre of Mahomet, is become a fair City, containing about 6000 Houses, being a place of great Trading and resort, by Reason of the Pilgrims, which flock thither to pay their Blind Devotions. This Sepulchre or Tomb wherein their Prophet lieth, is Enclosed within an Iron grate, and Covered with green Velvet, having the supply of a new one every year from the Grand Signior, and the old one becomes the fees of the Priests, which they sell in small pieces and shreds for great Relics to the Pilgrims, which brings them in great Revenues. In this Temple are about 3000 Lamps of Gold and Silver, wherein is Balsam and such other rich Odours, Ointments, and Oils, which are Continually kept burning. The People for the most part are of a mean Stature, Lean Swarthy Complexioned, Effeminate voices, very Swift of foot, and very Expert in the Bow and Dart. The Horses are also little and lean, and spare in feeding; yet Courageous, Swift, and of great Labour. The People are almost all Mahometans, except some Greek Christians, towards the Mounts of Sinai and Horeb; likewise towards the Red Sea, and in the Deserts of Arabia the Stony, and Arabia the Desert; Arabia the Happy, is the unhappiest, by having the fewest. Of Persia. THe Kingdom or Empire of the Sophy of Persia, is one of the greatest and most famous of all Asia; it Extends from Tigris and Euphrates on the west, almost to the River Indus in the East; And from the Gulf of Persia, and the Arabian and Indian Sea, which bounds it on the South, unto the River Gehon and to the Caspian Sea, which are its Bounds of the North; so Containing about 600 leagues in length, and 500 in breadth. The Persian Monarchy began under Ninus, and lasted under 30 and odd Kings 13 or 1400 years, ending in Sardanapalus. It divided itself into Medes and Babylonians, afterwards the Persians made themselves Masters of it. Alexander the Great held this Empire but few Years; and dying, it was divided amongst many of his Captains, who at last took upon them the Title of Kings. Hispahan the Metropolitan City of the Persian Monarchy, seated in the Parthian Territory, which in its Situation is pleasant and delightful, and in its Soil Fruitful, its air Serene and Healthful, and for bigness is now become the greatest City in all Persia; whose Walls are in Circumference a reasonable Days Journey, containing not less than 75000 Houses. The Inhabitants do all their affairs on Horseback, as well Public as Private, in the buying and vending their Comoditieses: But the Slaves never Ride, which makes the difference between them. The Native Comoditieses of Persia are Gold, and Silver, Raw-Silk in such great Quantities that they furnish most part of the East. The heats in these parts in the Summer season are so great, especially towards the South part of the Mountains, that the Inhabitants are forced to forsake the Cities, and retire into the Mountains for coolness. The Persians are of low Stature, yet have great limbs and strong, they are of an Olive Colour, hawked Nosed, and Black Haired, which they shave every Eight Days; they paint their Hands and Nails of a Reddish Colour. In their Habits they follow much of the Turks; their Clothes have no proportion to their Bodies, hanging lose and large, much in the Fashion of the Women; their Garments they Gird about their Waists with a Scarf; Their Turbans are Red. The Women in their streets, go with white Veils over their Faces, down to their knees; they are very Neat and Rich in their Clothes and Houses. The Persians are very Strict, Superstitious, and Ceremonious in their Religion, as the Turk is. They Bury their Dead three hours after they are departed, Except they Dye in the night: They wash or bathe the Bodies of their Dead before they are interred, in a great Cistern, which they have for the same purpose near the Mosque, to which place they are Carried on a Bier in their Clothes, and after they are stripped and washed, they put them in clean Linen, Anoint them, and so bear them to the Grave, being accompanied with his Friends, Relations, Servants, etc. The King of Persia Governs by an absolute Power, disposing of the Lives and Estates of his Subjects, as best pleaseth him, making his Will his Law, not daring to Murmur, though his Actions are never so unjust. The Administration of Justice is decided by the King, but first tried by the Secular Judges, who Examine the same, and deliver up their Opinion to the King. They have several Severe and strict Punishments, which they inflict upon the Offenders, according to the Heinousness of the Crimes; for some Offences they cut off their Ears and Nose, sometimes their Foot and Hands, for others to be Beheaded; for some again, they are tied between two boards and so sawed asunder, with several other cruel Deaths, too tedious to name. In their Military affairs they are well Experienced, their Army consisting only of Horse, who have for their Armour Darts and Javelins, yet have they some in the Nature of our Dragoones. They have great quantity of all Sorts of Cattle, Grain and Fruits; amongst their Fruit Trees, they have great quantities of black and white Mulberry-Trees, which grow not above five or six Foot high, which serves for Food for their Silk Worms, which makes them great store of Silk. Of the Empire of the Great Mogul. THe Great Mogul, is one of the greatest and most Powerful Princes of Asia, whose vast Empire Comprehends the Greatest part of the Continent of India. In which large Territories there are several Indian Kingdoms Tributary to him; He is esteemed the Richest Prince of the World; Shakstone Johan who Reigned 40 Years, lest him, behind him, five Millions of Livers: And the Throne that he made cost one hundred and Sixty Millions, and Five-Hundred-Thousand Livers, besides six other Thrones, set all over with Diamonds, Rubies, Emeralds, and Pearls. He is able to bring into the Field One-Hundred-Thousand Horse, and Two-Hundred-Thousand Foot, and two or three thousand Elephants. The Great Moguls Ordinary Guard Consists of about twelve-Thousand Men, besides Sixhundred of his Life Guard; he never stirs abroad to Hunt, take the Air, or the like, without the Attendance of Ten-Thousand Men of all Degrees; besides, to make his State the Greater, there are one Hundred Elephants, Richly trapped and covered with Scarlet Velvet, or the like; on each of these Elephants there are seated two Men, the one to guide him, and the other Supports a large Banner of Silk richly Embroidered with Gold and Silver; after these Hundred Elephants comes the Mogul, either mounted on an Excellent Horse, or else in a Coach or Sedan, attended by his Nobles and other Courtiers: After whom comes about Fivehundred Elephants, Camels and Wagons, which are to Carry the Baggage; For he Commonly Encamps in the Field, to have the Benefit of the Coolness of the Air: The Mogul Celebrates with great Pomp and State the first Day of the Year. The Emperor himself is a Turkish Mahometan, although the most part of his Vassals are Pagans; For as there are several sorts of People, so there are divers sorts of Religions amongst them. The Country is very Fertile, yielding great store of Corn and Rice; and all Sorts of Provisions are very Cheap, and the Inhabitants very Sober and Temperate. It is conceived to be the largest Country of any one name in the World, (Except China and Tartary.) The whole Country is Divided into two Peninsula's, one Peninsula is accounted on this side the River Ganges, called India Intra-Gangem, and the other Peninsula beyond the Ganges, called India-Extra-Gangem, of each we shall take a Brief Survey. Of India on this side the Ganges, called India-Intra-Gangem. INdia-Intra-Gangem, is bounded on the East with the River Ganges, till the fall thereof into the Sea; And after, that with that large and spacious Bay, called the Gulf of Bengala. On the West, with the Territories of the Persian Empire, and part of the Arabian Seas; On the North where it is broadest with Mount Taurus; On the South with the Indian Ocean, ending in a sharp point or Promontory, as you may see in the Map. We Divide this Peninsula into ten parts or Divisions, being under several Kings, Governments, and Religions. In the Kingdom of Cuncan, are Goa, Visapore, Dabul and Rejapore, Carapatan and Mongrelia: Goa is a City, as fair, Rich, and of as great Traffic as any in the East- Indieses, being Situated on an Island of the same name, taken by the Portugals in the Year 1510, and have since that Established themselves so Powerfully there, that their Viceroy, Bishop, and their Council, for the East- Indieses, have their Residence there; Their streets are large, their Houses fair, especially their Palaces and Public Buildings, which are very Magnificent, their Churches are Stately, and Richly Adorned; The City is 15 Miles in Compass. The Portugals live here in all manner of Delight and Pleasure. Here on this Coast is also Situated Surrat and Bombay, two great Factoryes of the English Merchants. The whole Country is under the Government of the S●vagee, who is a Tributary to the great Mogul. The People bloody and treacherous, addicted much to the Art of Poysonning, and do Fight commonly with Poisoned Arrows. A notable Instance of their Treachery I shall give you; Which was in the Year 1683. There was three of their Ships and four Grabs, man'd with 1500 of their Men, which the Suvagee afterwards (by way of Excuse) pretended to be Arabians, and took the Ship to be a Portugese, and as a token of their Resentment Imprisoned the Chief of them; They set upon one of our East- India Ships, called the Precedent, Captain Jonathan Hid Commander, whom they Attaqued very desperately, and was as Briskly received by the English, and as bravely Repulsed with a great Slaughter of the Indians: And Recovered their Ship, to the great Commendations of all that were there in. Which brave Souls had not the Happiness to Enjoy the Honour of that Action in their own Country. The Ship being unfortunately cast away in February following, and all their Men lost but two, as they were coming into the Channel, to the great grief and sorrow of the Merchants and Owners, as well as their Particular Friends and Relations. Malabar, extends its self from the River Gangeraco, to Cape Comarine, 300 miles in length, but is not above 50 in breadth, and ending towards the Cape in a Point; The Country is more Populous for the bigness than any in India, enjoying a very Temperate Air, and a Fruitful Soil, well Watered, and indented with many Creeks; The Ground unfit for Corn but Plentiful in Rice, and all manner of Spices, as Ginger, Cinnamon, Cassia, Pepper, and most Excellent Fruits. The People on this part of India, are of a blacker Complexion than the rest of the Indians, well Limbed, wearing their Hair long and Curled: About their Heads they wear a Handkerchief, wrought with Gold and Silver, and about their middle a Cloth, which hangeth down to conceal their Nakedness. The Natives on the whole Coast of India, are of Nature Treacherous and Bloody, more properly to be termed Desperate, than Stout and Valiant; in their Wars they use Poisoned Arrows, as they do in their Pyrating and Thieving, both by Sea and Land. The Kingdom of Bisnagar, seated in the Bay of Bengala, between twelve and fifteen Degrees of North Latitude, in which Kingdom is the great Factory of our East- India Company, called Fort St. George; almost all the People are Idolaters, some Mahometans and a sew Catholics. Amongst the Customs of those Heathens, they have the Inhuman Custom for the Women, to Burn themselves with the Corpse of their deceased Husbands, (in this manner) the Husband being Dead, the Wife prepares herself for her Funeral Habit in Transparent Lawn; Her Nose, Ears, and Fingers she Adorns with Precious Stones, in one hand She holds a Ball, and in the other a Nosegay of Flowers, both as Emblems of Paradise: And being thus Habited: She is Accompanied to the place by her Relations, Friends, and Acquaintance, and all the way Going, the Priest denotes the Joys She is to Possess, together with the Assurance of Enjoying her Husband, which does Excite her to Valour; so that when She cometh to the Place, seethe the Flame, and the Carcase of her Dead Husband, whom She longeth to be with, and being as it were Transported with Joy, She takes leave of her Friends and Relations, and Jumps into the Flame, in which the Corpse of her Husband was first put, both which is soon Reduced to Ashes, during which time they have several sorts of Music, to Drown the Cries of the poor Wretch, casting in store of sweet Wood and Oil into the Fire, to take away the Unsavoury smell. Of the Island Ceylon. THe Island Ceylon, lieth to the Eastward of Cape Comarine, of an Oval form, divided from the Main, by a shallow Channel. The Havens Refreshing it with their Dews; The Air with Fragrant freshness. The Land stored with whole Woods of Cinnamon, besides Fruits, Lemons and Oranges, etc. Of Fowls and Beasts great Plenty, both Wild and Tame; It so abounding with all Contentments, that the Indians hold it to be a Paradise; In this Island is a mighty high Hill, called Adam's Pico, reputed to be seven Leagues high. The People for the most part Tall and Straight of Body, in matters of Religion they are generally Idolaters, very Active and well Skilled in Juggling. This Island is Divided into several Kingdoms, as of Cand●e, etc. And a City of that Name, the Seat of the King. This Island is memorable for the 20 Years Captivity of Captain Knox, and of his Miraculous Escape, which when he Returned to England, he wrote a large Treatise of the Nature of this Island, and the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants, (to which) I refer you. Of the Maldive Islands. NEar unto the Coast of Malabar, lieth a great Number of Islands, called Maldive, from Malipiero, the City of those Islands, and Dive which signifies an Island; They are Divided into 13 divisions, divided by certain Channels. From hence the King of Maldives terms himself King of 13 Provinces, in which are Contained Eleven-Thousand Islands, as is Reported by some that have been there; here they take Multitudes of little shells, called Couries, which pass in many places for Money. The King Resides in the Isle of Malipiero, which is one of the greatest; but not above a League and a half In Circumference, but it is a most Fruitful place, strangers frequent it, because of the Court; There Grows on these Islands neither Rice nor Wheat, yet all sorts of Provisions are Cheaper here then in other parts of India; There are here abundance of Cocoe Nuts; they have little Beef or Mutton, no Dogs (for they Abhor them,) they have great store of Fish. The Inhabitants are very Industrious and Sober People. Of India beyond the Ganges, called India-Extra Gangem. INdia Extra-Gangem, is that part of the great Continent of India, which lieth on the East-side of the River Ganges; In this Peninsula are a great Number of Kingdoms, but I shall only discourse of the Principal ones that are Contained in the Table, which are Arracan, Pegu, Martaban, Siam, Cambodia, Couchin, China, Malacca, and Tanquin. The Kingdom of Arracan is Situated on the East-side of the Bay of Bengala, extending itself from the Tropic of Cancer to the sixteenth Degree of North Latitude, it being a brave and Fruitful Country. The Kingdom of Pegu, when in its Splendour, was so Rich and Powerful, that some would equal it to China. They have in many places Mines of Gold, Silver and Precious Stones; Besides Grains, Fruits, Herbs, Fowl, and Beasts, which are here found Excellent. And without doubt it is the Richest Country of all the Indies, and for the same Reason one of the best Peopled and most Powerful. The Chief City of this Kingdom is Pegu, the Metropolis; The Houses well Built; The Palace-Royal is Seated in the midst of the City, having its partitular Wall-Moat and other Fortifications. The Habit of the Natives is but mean, contenting themselves for the most part with a piece of Linen, to Cover their Nakedness; They all black their Teeth, because they say Dogs Teeth are white; They are Generally all Pagans; Those that Mary, Buy their Wives of their Parents. The Kingdom of Martaban towards the Gulf of Bengala, is Contiguous to Pegu, to which it hath been Subject, at present to Siam; this Kingdom hath many Ports frequented for Trade, for besides its Grains, Fruits, Oils, and Medicinal Herbs, it is Rich in Mines of Gold, Silver, Copper, etc. The Kingdom of Siam hath several Cities of Note, but we shall (for Brevity sake) only treat of Siam, as the Metropolis, being a City of large Extent, and of so great strength, that in the Year 1567. they stoutly defended themselves against an Army of 1400000 Fight Men, which the King of Pegu brought against them, for twenty Months together. The Comoditieses of this City and Kingdom are Cotton, Linen of several sorts, Benjamin Lacque, of which they make Excellent hard Wax. The Kingdom of Cambodia, which lieth between the Gulfs of Siam and Couchin-China. The Principal Cities Ravecca and Camboja; The People in their manners and Customs, Resemble those of Siam, whose Subjects they have been. The Kingdom of Couchin-China, lieth to the Eastward of Camboja, its Name signifies west China, and was supposed formerly to belong to China, whose Language, Manners, Customs, Government, Religion, and other Ceremonies, they yet retain. All the Country is Fertile, abounding in Rice, Fruits, and Herbs. They have Gold, Silver, Silk, Porcelain, and many other valuable Commodities; The Air Healthful, and the Soil so Abundant in all things, that the Inhabitants know nothing of Contagion, or Famine. They are Courteous, Liberal, kind to Strangers, and Faithful in their deal. In the Peninsula of Malacca, are divers Kingdoms, which are Tributary to Siam, Except the City of Mallacca. The whole Country is well Traded, by Reason of its Archepelago, which contains several Islands, and of its Isthmus, which facilitates the Transportation of Merchandise, from one Sea to another; and of its Ports, which are Commodious. Patane, within few Years is grown Famous; The Kingdom being frequented by divers Nations, particularly the Chinois, who bring thither Parcelain, and divers Manufactures and Instruments of Husbandry; The Soil is good, producing Fruit every Month in the Year; Their Hens, Ducks, and Geese, often lay Eggs twice a Day. Ihor is Situated on the utmost point of the Peninsula, its Chief City was taken and ruined by the Portugals in 1603. who took from thence Fifteen-Hundred brass Cannons. The Kingdom of Tanquin, divides China from Couchin-China, and hath about 150 Leagues of Sea Coast. This Kingdom contains 7 Provinces. The King of Tanquin, Ordinarily entertains a Militia of 50000 Men. The Land hath Beautiful Plains, and Watered with many great Rivers; They have neither Asses nor Sheep, but many Horses, Elephants and Rhinocerotes, whose Flesh, Skins, Bones, Teeth, Nails and Horns, serve for Antidotes against Poison; The Catholic Religion was so Introduced some Years past, that there was estimated to be more than 200000 Christened Souls; Two-Hundred great Churches, and great Quantities of Chapels and Oratories, but since there hath happened great Changes; in those Kingdoms the Portugals have several Towns and Cities, by which they have a great Revenue. Of the Island of Sumatra. THe Island of Sumatra, lieth on the North of Java Major, and a long the Westside of Mallacca, the length thereof Extends from the North-West to the Southeast, about 800 miles, and is 200 in breadth. The Air is very hot and unwholesome, by Reason of the gross Vapours, drawn from the many Fens and Rivers, which are found to be in it. The Soil not Capable of such Grain as in other places, except Rice and Millet; it Affords great plenty of Wax and Honey, store of Silks and Cottons, Rich Mines, not only of Tin, Iron, Copper, Sulphur, and other Minerals: But of Gold such quantity, that some conceive this Island to be solomon's Ophir, for one of the Kings thereof wrote a Letter to King James, wherein he hinted the Riches of his Country Abounding in Gold, and that he had in his Dominions a Mountain of Gold, King of which Golden Mountain, he Entitled himself in his Regal Style, his Title is also King of Achem. His Covernment is Absolute, and merely Arbitrary, executing what he hath a mind to, without form of Law. So Cantelous, that without his Placard, no Stranger can have Ingress into his Dominions, nor is Admittance to his Presence granted to any whom he first sends not for, by an Officer with a Gilded Staff; He is conceived to be strong, both by Sea and Land; his Country Populous, his Elephants many and well Trained. Of the Island Borneo. THe Island Borneo, is Situate under the Aequator, and is Adjudged to be more than 2200 miles in Circumference. The People Generally more white than the rest of the Indians, of good Wits and Approved Integrity. The Country is said to be provided Naturally, with all things Necessary; But unfurnished with Asses, Oxen, Herds of , except only Horses, and those but small of Stature; the great Riches of it, being Camphir, Agarick, and some Mines of Adamants. The Island is divided between two Kings of two Religions; The King of Borneo and his Subjects are all Mahometans, and those of Laus still Remaining in their Ancient Gentilism. These think the Sun and Moon to be Man and Wife, and the Stars their Children, Ascribing to each of them Divine Honours, to the Sun especially, whom they Salute at his first Rising, with great Reverence. Their Public businesses are Treated of commonly in the Night. The King of Borneo keeps the Greater State, not to be spoken with, but by the Mouth of some of his own Interpreters, and in his Palace Served by no other Atendants, than Maids or Women. Of the Island Lucon. THe Island of Lucon beginneth at the thirteenth Degree, and continueth up to the Ninteenth Degree of North Latitude, lying South from China▪ Manilla is its Chief City, well Built after the Modern way, and its Houses are of free Stone, Built by the Spaniards; this being one of the Philippine Islands; So called from Philip King of Spain. The Governor, or Vice Roy of these Islands as also an Arch Bishop, who hath a Spiritual Jurisdiction over all these Islands which he exercises by three Suffagan Bishops. This City is very populous, here commonly refiding 15000 Chinois, besides Japoneses and Spaniards, which drive a Trade in several good Commodities. Of the Island Paragoa. THe Island Paragoa stretcheth itself South-west, and North-East, in length above 100 Leagues, not having above Ten, Fifteen, or Twenty Five in breadth, it gins almost at the Eighth Degree, and ends not till the Eleventh Degree of North Latitude. It is said, that it bears Figs as thick as ones Arm. It's King is a Vassal to him of Borneo. Of China. CHina is bounded on the North, with Altay and the Eastern Tartars, from which Continued with a Chain of Hills, (part of those of Are a at) and where that Chain is broken off, or interrupted with a great wall, extended 400 Leagues in Length. On the south part with Couchin, China, and partly with the Ocean; on the East with the Oriental Ocean, and on the West with part of India. It is said to contain in Circuit 3000 Leagues, Containing not less than Sixteen Provinces at this day. The Country is very Rich and Fertile, so that in some places they have two and in some three Harvests in a year. The People are for the most part of a Swarthy Complexion, short nosed, black eyed, and very thin beards; they wear their Garments very long, with long lose sleeves, and their hair long; they drink their drink hot, and eat their meat with two sticks of Ivory or Ebony. The Son is bound to follow his father's occupation; The People are good Artificers, Ingenious and Excellent in all things they take in hand, as the Purcelian Dishes, curious Carving, and the fine painted works which comes over from thence doth manifest. They are effeminated with ease and pleasure; and are not much given to Wars. Of both Sexes, there is thought to be Contained in this Country not fewer than Seventy Minions. In Matters of Religion, are generally all Gentiles. The Forces which this King is able to draw into the Field, must needs be infinite, Considering that incredible number of Subjects under his Command, for whereas France is thought to Contain Fifteen Millions of People, Italy with the Isles, as many, Germany with the Swissers and Belgic Provinces about that Proportion; Spain not above Seven Millions, and the Kingdom of England and Wales not above Five Millions which is in all 57 Millions, his people is 13 Millions more than all these put together. The Government of this Kingdom is Tyrannical, there being no Lord but the King, no Title of Dignity or Nobility known amongst them, nor Toll or Duty paid to any but to him. The Dignity of the Crown is Hereditary, falling to the Eldest Son after his decease. The King, they highly reverence, calling him the Son of Heaven, and the Son of God, etc. The great City of Pequin, now the Seat of the King is of a vast bigness, Containing within its Walls 3300 Pogodes or Temples, wherein are continually sacrificed a great number of Wild Beasts and Birds. In the Walls which encompasseth this City are 360 Gates, to each of which is joined a small Fort, where a Guard is continually kept as also a Register to take the names of persons, that pass thereat, each of the streets having its Captain and other Officers who are to look after the same, and every night to shut up the Gates; Here are about 120 Aquaducts and Canals upon which are near 1800 Fair Bridges sustained on Arches. This City is the Residence of the King, when he is in the Northern Provinces as Nanquin is in the Southern. Of Tartary. TArtary is seated on the most Northern part of Asia, and extends itself from East to West; from the River Volga, and Oby (that separates it from Euprope) unto the straight of Jesso which separates it from America. Their Neighbours are the Muscovites on the West, on the North the Tartarian Sea, and the Persians, the Mogolls and the Chinois on the South, on the East the Straits of Jesso or Anian, not yet certainly known. The People are of an indifferent Stature, ugly Countenances, thick Lips, Hollow Eyed, Flat Noses, broad faced, very strong, Stout, Valiant, and good Warriors, very Active, Vigilant, exceeding quick of foot; patiented in all afflictions, they are very Rude, Barbarous, and revengeful, do eat their Enemies, and drink their blood, as Wine at Feasts. Their Habit is mean, made of Course stuff, reaches but to their Knees, yet they are very Proud, and think their Cham to be the greatest Prince in the World. In Matters of Religion they are generally Pagans and Mahometans The Pagan being the best Gentleman, being of the Elder House. Their Food is mean and sluttishly dressed; they eat Horses, and drink Mares Milk. The Government is Tyrannical, their Great Cham being Lord of all, in whose Breast lieth their Laws. Every man hath the liberty of having two or three Wives, which they never choose, but out of their own Tribe. The Country is very Fertile in most places, abounding in Wheat, Rice, Wool, Hemp, Silk, Musk, Rhubarb, great Herds of Camels and Horses, which they vend to the Chinois, Mogolls, and other Indians that comes thither to Trasick. A General Description. OF AFRICA. CHAP. I. AFRICA is a Peninsula so great, that is makes the third, and most southerly part of our Continent. It is bounded on all sides by the Sea, it is by the Latines called Africa, and the Greeks Lybia. It approaches so near to Spain that only the straits of Gibraltar, divides them, and is joined to Asia only by a small Isthmus of Thirty or Forty Leagues between the Red Sea, and the Mediterranean. It is every where Inhabited, (though not so well as Europe and Asia,) partly by reason of the unsupportable heats, and partly for want of water in many dry Countries. As to its divisions. In the higher part of Africa is Barbary, Billedulgerid and Egypt; further South is the deserts of Zaara, the Country of Negroes and Guinea; in the higher Ethiopia, or under Egypt, are Nubia, Abissina, and Zanguebar; In the lower or Inferior Ethiopia, Congo, Mono, Motapa, and the Cafrees. Barbary extends itself along the Mediterranean-Sea from the Ocean to Egypt, and is bounded on the South by Mount Atlas. Billedulgerid lies along this Mountain, likewise from the Ocean unto Egypt, bounded by Zaara, or desert. Egypt is only one valley from the Cataracts of Nile unto the Mediterranean-Sea. Likewise Zaara the desert, the Country of the Negroes and Guinea, stretch themselves from the Ocean unto the high and low Ethiopia; We have divided Ethiopia into the higher and lower placing in the Higher, Nubia, Abissina and Zanguebar; in the lower Congo, Monomotapa and Cafrees. The Mountains in Africa are in great number and are very remarkable for their height, and the Metals wherewith they abound. The most famous are Mount Atlas, those of the Moon, and Siere Lione; Atlas was the most famous amongst the Ancients, who believed it bounded the world on the South; The Mountains of the Moon are higher than any in Europe, and are always covered with Snow and Ice. The largest and most famous Rivers of Africa are the Nile and the Niger. The Emperors, Kings and Princes which at present possess Africa are in very great number; The most powerful and Considerable, are the great Turk or Sultan of the Ottomans, who hold all Egyp●, a great part of Barbary, and almost all the Coast that touches the Red Sea. The Negus of the Abyssines, who possesses the fairest and greatest part of the Higher Ethiopia, the Xeriffs of Fez and Morocco, which have held those two Kingdoms in Barbary, in which Country was situated the City and Garrison of Tangier, belonging to his Imperial Majesty of Great Britain, which was demolished in the year 1684. managed by the prudent Conduct of the Right Honourable George Lord Dartmouth in the Ship of Grafton, and several others under his Command. The Religions in Africa may be reduced to four, viz. Mahometism, Christianity, Paganism and Judaisme, Mahometism, possesses Barbary, Biledulgerid, Egypt, Zaara the desert part of the Negroes and a good part of Zangubar. Paganism holds part of the Negroes, Nubia and Guinea, and all the Lower Ethiopia, with the Cafrees, and some mixture otherwhere. Christianity holds in Africa almost all the whole Empire of the Abyssines, and part of Egypt, and by the Portugals in their several Factories and Colonies that they have upon the Coasts of Africa. As for Judaisme it is scattered in many Cities on the Coast of Barbary, as at Morocco, Fez, Algiers, etc. Likewise in Egypt, and on the Confines of the Abassines. CHAP. II. Of the Country of Africa in particular. Of Barbary. THe People in Barbary are of a duskish or blackish Complexion, of Stature Tall and well proportioned, they are of an Active Disposition for Horsemanship, otherwise excessive idle; they are very subtle, close, perfidious, inconstant, Proud, much addicted to Luxury; and therefore by consequence very jealous of their Wives, whom they keep with great severity, and that the more according to their handsomeness. Their Religion is Mahometism, and are for the most part inclined to Literature and Arts. The Moors of Fez and Morocco are well disposed, strong, active, and yet melancholy, they may marry four Wives, and as many Concubines as they can keep. Here the women at the death of their friends, assemble themselves together, habit themselves in Sackeloath and Ashes, and sing a Funeral Dirge to the praise of the deceased, and at the end of every Verse howl and cry, and this they do for seven days together. Of Billedulgerid. BIlledulgerid, or Land of Dates, hath Barbary on the North, from whence it is separated by Mount Atlas, on the south Zaara, on the west the great Ocean Sea, and on the East Egypt. The Air is healthful, they live long, are deformed, and are held base people, ignorant of all things, are addicted to Theft, Murder, and are very deceitful, they feed grossly, and are great hunters, they acknowledge Mahomet. Of Zaara. ZAara is an Arabian name, and signify Desert; The Country is generally hot and dry, it hath but little water, except some few wells, and those salt, if there falls great rains, the Land is much better; but besides the leanness of the soil, there is sometimes such vast quantities of Grasshoppers, that they eat and ruin all that the earth produceth. It is so barren and ill Inhabited, that a man may travel a week together without seeing a tree, or scarce any grass or water. The People are Bereberes and Africans, almost all follow Mahometism. This great desert is divided into five principal parts, as is showed in the Table and Map. Of the Land of Negroes. THe Negroes are People about the River Niger, which hath taken its name from these people, and these people from their Colour. In this Division are placed several Kingdoms as you will find marshaled in the Table; and what is remarkable in them, we shall briefly touch. Some of the Kingdoms are rich in Grain, Cotton, Cattle and Gold, the Country of the Negroes is esteemed as fertile, as those watered with the Nilo; it bears twice a year, and each time sufficient to furnish them with Corn for five whole years; which makes them not sow the Lands, but when they judge they shall have need; they keep their Corn in Pits and Ditches under ground, which they call Matamores. The People are generally idle and ignorant but bear great respect to their Kings. Of Guinea. GVinea is that part of the Coast of Africa, which is found between the River Niger and the Equinoctial Line. This Coast from East to West is 7 or 800 Leagues long, and not above 100 or 150 in breadth. The Soil of Guinea very fertile, and for the most part bears twice a year, because they have two Summers and two winters. The Comoditieses of the Country are Gold and Elephants Teeth in great abundance, in Wax. Hides, Cotton and Ambergreese, and for these Commodities, they barter for course Cloth, both Lannen and woollen, Red Caps, Freeze Mantles and Gowns, and leather bags, Guns, Swords, Copper Bars, and Iron Knives, Hammers, Axes, etc. The Inhabitants go naked, save about their Waste they tie a piece of Linen, yet very proud and stately, in matters of Religion, great Idolaters worshipping Beasts; on this Coast are several Factories belonging to the Royal African Company. Of Congo. TO the southward of the Equinoctial Line, and unto Cape Negro lies the Kingdom of Congo; and is said to be the fairest of the lower Ethiopia. The Inhabitants are naturally very sweet, and are able and strong of body, but dull and idle, their money is of grey shells, their Grains, Fruits, Waters, Fowl, Sea and River Fish are excellent, they have store of Elephants, Mines of Silver, Iron, Crystal, Marble, Jaspar, Porphyre, etc. They know no History but by the Reigns of their Kings. The most famous Rivers of this Kingdom are the Zaer, the Lelunda: the Zair descends from the Lane of Zair, from whence also descends the Nile, The Zaer hath 400 Leagues Course, and is very Rapid by reason of the Cataracts or great falls, which it hath from the Mountains. Of Biafara. BIafara is a Kingdom in the lower Ethiopia, in the Gulf of St. Thomas (by our English-Seamen called the Bite) the people very Barbarous, their habits made of Mats, they addict themselves to Witchcraft, and sometimes sacrificing their children to Devils. Of Monomotapa. THE Monomotapa, that is the Emperor King, or Sovereign of Motapa; and possesses an Empire so great, that it is 1000 Leagues Circuit, this Prince deports himself with gravity, and that there is no access to his person, but with very great submissions, he is always adorned with Chains and precious stones like a woman: The Inhabitants are all black, of mean Stature, and excellent good footmen, that they are said to outrun horses. The Woods have great store of Elephants as also other Beasts; rich Pastures well furnished with Cattle, plenty with Grains, Fruits, Fowl, and is well watered with Rivers, in which are abundance of Fish, the Air temperate, their summer is when we have our winter, and their winter is when we have our Summer. Of the Abyssines. THE Empire of the Abyssines, Heylin makes to be the Dominions of Prester John, and saith he is of such great force that he is able to raise upon a sudden occasion, a million of fight men, his Government is absolutely Tyrannical; The people profess the Christian Religion, which was first made known to them by the Eunuch of Queen Candace, who was baptised by Philip the Evangelist, and more generally by the Preaching of Saint Matthew the Apostle; since which they have much swerved from the Purity of the true Religion, by their many Corrupt Opinions, they keep many of the Ceremonies of the old Law, they keep the seventh day Sabbath according to the fourth Commandment, they allow their Priests no yearly maintenance, neither will they suffer them to beg, they get their livelihood by their own labour, they administer the Ordinance of the Lords Supper to Infants presently after they are Baptised, they Baptism themselves in Ponds and Lakes every Ephiphany day, supposing that to be the day that John Baptised Christ in Jordan. Titles of the Emperor as Dr. Heylin doth inform us, are as followeth, viz. Supreme of his Kingdoms, and the beloved of God, the Pillar of Faith, sprung from the stock of Judah: The Son of David, the Son of Solomon, the Son of the Column of Zion, the Son of the seed of Jacob, the Son of Mary, the Son of Naha, after the flesh, the Son of St. Peter and St. Paul, after the Spirit. Emperor of the higher and lower Ethiopia, & t. Of the Islands Belonging to AFRICA. THose that are situate in the Occidental or Atlantic Ocean, may be Marshaled into three Bodies of Islands, viz. the Islands of the Azores, the Canaries and the Islands of Cape de Verde. Of the Islands of Azores. THe Azores are nine in number, which are 1 St. Michael, 2. St. Maries, 3. Tercera, 4. St. Gratiosa, 5. St. George, 6. Foial, and 7. Pico, 8. Flores, and 9 Corvo. The Air of these Islands is gegerally good, they are well stored with Flesh, Fish and Fruits. Of the Canary Islands. THe Canary Islands are in number seven, The Names are as followeth, viz. 1. Lancerotta, 2. Forteventura, 3. Canaria, 4. Teneriffa, 5. Palma 6 Ferro and Gomera. These Island abounds in excellent Wines, Honey, Wax, Sugar, Oade, Lawrel-trees, Dragon-trees, out of which they draw a Red Liquor, called by our Apothecaries Sanguis Draconis. Also Corn and Sugars, and all sorts of Fruits, stored well with Cattle, and is therefore the victualling place of the King of Spain's Plate-Fleet. To the Northward of these Islands lieth the Island of Madera: belonging to the Crown of Portugal, The Air very wholesome, refreshed with pleasant Fountains and Rivers, it yields also a pleasant Wine called Madera Wine. The Islands of Cape de Verd. THese Islands are in number ten, bearing the name of 1. St. Mayo, 2. St. Anthony's, 3. St. Vincent, 4. St. Luce, 5. St. Nicholas, 6. Isle de Sal, 7. Bana Vista, 8. Isle de Fuogo, 9 Brava, 10. St. Jago; Some of these Islands yields good store of Salt, but the Air of them is not very wholesome. Prince's Island yields Fruit, Sugar, and Ginger; and is the Revenue of the Prince of Portugal, and therefore called Prince's Island. Annobon yields Sugars, Cottons, Cattle, and Excellent Fruits, and Oranges. Inhabited by Portugall's. St. Helena lying in sixteen degrees south latitude belonging to the East-India Company, well furnished with good water, which alone is a great refreshment to the Ships that return from India, the Valleys are very Fertile, the Air healthful, that sick persons are in a short time restored to their health; There are also in this Sea the Islands of Ascention, and St. Mathewes, affording Fowls and Wild Beasts, but not Inhabited. Zocatora and Babel Mandel lies towards the Red Sea, where the passage is narrow and most convenient from the Coast of Africa, Zocatora, near Cape Gauderfu is under the Jurisdiction of an Arabian King, it is a good Road, and hath convenient Bays where Ships may ride secure among the very Rocks. It affords excellent Fishing, Cattle in great abundance, and is famous for the quantity and goodness of its Aloes. Of Madagascar. THe Island of Madagascar is the bigest of all the Islands that belong to Africa; The Air is temperate, the soil produces several sorts of Grains and Trees, the Waters excellent, the Fruits delicious. The Mountains are full of wood, Pasturage and Plants, etc. The Natives very black, and of Rude Behaviour, partaking of the Customs and Manners of the Africans. A General Description OF AMERICA. CHAP. I. AMERICA, so called from one Americus Vespucius (who following the Steps and Examples of Columbus and Cabot) Discovered a part of this great Continent, which might as properly have been called Columbana, Sebastiana, or Cabotia, but most improperly the West Indies. It is bounded on the East with the Atlantic Ocean, on the West with the Pacifick Ocean, on the South with Terra Australis Incognita, from which it is separated by the straits of Magellan: The North bounds of it, not hitherto so well known as that we can certainly affirm it to be an Island or Continent. The Natives are Fair and Clear, little inclining unto Blackness, being generally Tall and well proportioned, their Eyes little and black, strong and healthful; for the most part Naked, unless a Cloth about their Waste. Their Language high and lofty in signification, for one Word serveth instead of two or three, the rest are supplied by the understanding of the hearer. Their Houses are Mats or Bark of Trees set on Poles, in a fashion of our English Barns, they lie on Reeds or Grass: As to the other Rights and Customs, I shall mention in the respective place. For their Original, 'tis supposed to be of the Jewish Race, that is of the Stock of the Ten Tribes, and that for the Reasons following, 1. They were to go to a Land not planted or known. 2. Their Countenances and Children resemble the Jews. 3. They also agree in several Rites and Ceremonies, for they reckon by the Moon. 4. They Offer their first Fruits. 5. Many words they have of the Hebrew Ideom amongst them. 6. They have a kind of Feast of Tabernacles. 7. They are said to Build their Altar upon Twelve Stones. 8. Their Mourning is a Year. 10. Customs of Women, as to their Separation from their Husbands, after the manner of the Law of Moses. It is commonly divided into Two Parts, viz, into South and North America, the several Colomes thereof take as follow. CHAP. II. Of South America in Particular. Of Magellanick Land. IT lies upon the Southernmost part of America, near the straits of Magellan, whose Name it still bears: It is a very poor Country, much subject to Cold; the Natives live in Caves: We have the Names of some places; as 1. Desaguadore, and 2. Magellanick; but having no perfect knowledge of them, I can say little thereto. Of Paraguay. PAraguay or rather Plata, so called by reason of a River of that Name that Waters it, the Country is very pleasant and delightful, for it abounds in Corn, Vineyards, Fruit Trees, and Cattle in abundance; places of most note are 1. St. Jago D'estra, 2. Villa Rica, and 3. St. Anne. Of Chili. CHili bears the Name of one of her Valleys, much subject to Cold, yet in some parts the Soil is so fertile and pleasant, that no part in all America more resembles Europe; it yields Ostriches, Copper, and the finest Gold in the World. St. Jago, Imperiale, Baldavia, and Castro are the principal places of Chili. Of Peru. PEru, though it gives Name to all the South America, yet it is but meanly furnished with Food, the chiefest thing being Maize, which is not very Plentiful: The Commodities are Gold, Cotten and some Medicinal Drugs; it is divided into 1. Quiro, 2. Truxillo, 3. Lima, 4. Cusco, and 5. Arica, of which we have no other Relation than what the Spaniards reports. Of Brasil. THough it lies under the Torrid Zone, nevertheless the Air is Temperate and Fertile: The Commodities besides Brasil, are Amber, Balsam, Tobacco, train-oil, Cattle of divers sorts, Sweetmeats, and Sugar in abundance: It is divided into several Capitanies, as 1. Siara, 2. Saltan, 3. Para, 4. Paraiba. 5. Pernambuco, 6. St. Salvador, 7. Ilheos. 8. Porto Segaro, 9 Spirito Sancto, 10. St. Sebastian, and, 11. St. Vincent. Of amazons. AMazones or Guiana, hath its Name from a River so called; the Air is Healthful, the Soil is good in some places; for Tillage of Maniac, Cotten, Sugar, Tobacco, Gums, Wood Stones of divers sorts, Parrots, and Monkeys: Places of most Note are 1. Coropa, and 2. Villago Dor, but very little known to us, by reason that the Spaniards suffer none besides their own Nation to come into the Country, but kill all strangers they find. Of Terra Firma. OR Castill deal Over, the latter given by the Castilians; the chief places are 1. Panama, 2. Cartagena, 3. St. Fed Bagota, 4. Venezuola, 5. Surranam, and 6. Manoa. The Air is very unhealthful, the Commodities divers, as Balsam, Rosin, Gums, Long Pepper, Dragon's Blood, Stones of divers sorts, and Gold: They have several sorts of Beasts, as the Viuves or Rams, etc. which you may find in Helyns Cosmography. The chief Rivers in this Southern America are 1. Oronoque, which overfloweth once a Year as doth the Nilus, 2: amazons, the greatest and swiftest in all America, 3. St. Francisco, 4. Paraguay or Plata, 5. Vraguay. Of the Islands of AMERICA. Of the Caribbees. BEtween South and North America li●s several Islands, the first are the Carribee or Cannibal Islands, which are several small Islands, which lie extended from the Coast of Paria to the Isle Porto Rico, the chief are, 1. Granada, 2. St. Vincent, 3. Dominica, 4. Barbados, 5 Antego, 6. St. Christopher's, 7. Nevis, 8. Monserat, etc. The Air good, considering how they lie; the chief Commodities being Sugar, Cotten, Ginger, and Tobacco, Inhabited by several Nations. Of the Lucaie Islands. SO called from Lucaien the Name of the biggest; of little Note, unless for a Fountain, which is said to Renew Youth again, and for their handsome Women, of which they are reported to have great store. Of Porto Rico. THe Air is very Temperate and pleasant, the Soil indifferent Fertile; the Commodity's Sugar, Ginger, and Cassia. Of Bermuda. IT is an Isle of a good Temperature, the Soil Fertile and Good, yielding Two Crops a Year, having excellent Fruits; the Commodties are Sugar, Oranges, Cochaneel, and Tobacco, and some Cotten also they have, but no great store. It is subject to the Crown of England. Of Jamaica. THe Soil Rich and Fat, the Trees and Plants being always green and pleasant; the Air more temperate than any of the other Isles: The Commodities besides Sugar, Cotten, Indigo, and Tobacco, are divers and plenty; they have Cattle, Fowl, Fish and Fruits of divers sorts. It is subject to the King of England. Of Cuba. THe Air is temperate and good, the Soil fertile, the Commodities are Ginger, Cassia, Mastich, Aloes, Cinnamon, and Sugar, also Gold, but somewhat drossy. Of Hispaniola. THis is much like Cuba, saving that the Gold is more pure without Dross. It is subject to the King of Spain; somewhat Hot and Unhealthful, much subject to Thunder and Lightning, by reason of its situation so near the Equinoctial. CHAP. III. Of North America in Particular. Of New Miexico. IT is a Province little known to the Europians; the Inhabitants being divers in Language, Manners, and Customs. It is divided into New Mexico, Arian, Quiviria, and Libola. Of Mexico or New Spain. A Country enriched with innumerable Mines of Gold and Silver: The Air temperate, the Soil fertile and good, The chief Towns are 1. Mexico, 2. Guatamala, 3. Truxillo, 4. Acupulco, 5. Panaco, The Commodities besides Gold and Silver, are Copper, Iron, also Wool, Silk, Sugar, and divers Medicinal Drugs. They have also several other Commodities, which are too long to insert in this place. It is fully subject to the Spaniard. Of Florida. IT is a place of very good Temperature, the Soil very Fertile, full of Fruit Trees; the Towns well peopled; yet the Coast is very inconvenient for great Vessels, by reason of the Shallowness of the Water: Places of most Note are St. Martha and Cofa. Of Carolina. IT is a Country blest with an excellent Temperature of Air, the Soil Rich and Fertile, producing excellent Fruits, the Earth also apt to bring to Maturity Corn, all sorts of Garden Herbs and Roots: The Commodities are Wines, Oils, Silk, Cotten, Indigo, Ginger, and Tobacco; plenty of Fish, Fowl, and Cattle; the chief Town is Charles Town, Governed by one at the Appointment of the Proprietors. Of Virginia. THe Air of this place is sufficiently pleasant, the Soil exceeding Fertile; it produceth all sorts o● Grain and Pulse, divers sorts of Garden Herbs and Roots; Silk Worms also which make good Silk; the Commodities divers, but the chief is Tobacco. The place of most Note is James Town, Governed by one Deputed by the King of England. Of Pensilvania. IT is a place not yet well Planted, but may be in time, the Soil and Air being fit for the Nature of an Englishman: Granted by Patent from his late Majesty King Charles the Second, unto William Penn Esq and his Heirs for ever, and therefore called Pensilvania. Of Mary-land. HAving given you so full an account of Virginia. I need say little more, only that the general way of Commerce in both places being by interchanging one Commodity for another, and that which setteth a Price upon all other is Tobacco, there being such abundance of this Imported into England, that the King hath 60000 l. per Annum for Excise and Custom. The chief Town is Baltamore. Of New Jersey. FOr Temperature of Air and Fertility, there hath been enough said already in Virginia and Mary-land, this place partaking of all the Properties and Advantages of them both. Of New York. A Colony so called from his Royal Highness the Duke of York our present King. A Country sound to produce the same Birds, Beasts, Fishes, and Fruits with New England, being Rich and Fertile. The chief Town James Town. Of New England. IT is a vast Tract of Land, healthfully seated, the Soil exceeding Fertile, for it yields Wheat, Rye, Pease, Beans, Barley, Cats. Indian Corn, Flax, Hemp, and all sorts of English Herbs. It hath plenty of Cattle of divers sorts, Fish, Fowl, and good Cider. It excels with good Cellarage to preserve all, which is not common in Virginia; the chief Commodities are Furs, Flax, Amber, Iron, Pitch, Tar Masts and Timber to Build Ships. Their Metropolis is Boston, well seated, and adorned with fair and beautiful Houses, and well peopled. Of New Scotland, New France, Canada. THree Places full of Stags, Bears, Martens, Hares, Foxes, and store of Coneys, Fowl, and Fish; not over Fertile. The chief places are Port Royal in New Scotland, Quebeck in New France, and Breast in Canada, of no great Importance. Of New Britain, New South Wales, and New North Wales THree Provinces much like the former (we having but little knowledge thereof only the Soil is somewhat better. Places of most note are Fort Charles in New Britain, Port Nelson in South Wales, and Ne Vltra in North Wales. It was in some of these places that Hudson and others Wintered in their Voyages to the North West. Of the Island of California. THe Air hereof is indifferently Temperate, being full of Herbage and Cattle, which be little less than them of Europe; supposed to have some Traffic with China, but not certainly known. Of Newfoundland. IS an Island famous for its Bays, Harbours, and the great store of Fish caught there; and therefore much frequented by French, Dutch, and Biscaners; some part thereof Granted by Patent to Sir. George Calvert, and still possessed by high Son and Heir the Lord Baltamore. Of Groenland. GRoenland contains a vast Tract of Land, not yet fully discovered, though it hath been long known to the Norwegians, who have several Colonies planted therein; it hath also been touched at by several of our English Men in their Voyages to the Northwest: The Sea hath great store of Whales, also Sea Wolves, Dogs, and Calves, and White Bears which are said to live more by Water than Land, and Feed most upon Fish: they have also Wheat, Chestnuts, Apples, and good Grass for Pasture: There are also Horses, Stags, Wolves, Foxes, Dogs, and Martles. If I should go about to relate all the Stories (which are more strange than true) that are told of the strange things in this Country. I should need a far larger Volume than this to contain them. Of Island. ISland is an 150 Miles long and little less than an 100 broad. Its Inhabitants are subject to the King of Denmark; so healthy are they, that they live to an hundred years of Age; nevertheless very unlearned, and little are they skilled in the Liberal Sciences, following nothing so much as the Feeding of their Flocks and Cattle. In this Island are Two Mountains, the Name of one is Hecla, the other Helga, which vomit and send forth Fire in abundance: the first being so fierce, that there is no approaching it by six Miles and therefore the place is much endamaged thereby, that it is a great loss to the Inhabitants. Of hudson's Bay. BEtween Groenland and the Coast of Nova Francia, lieth a great Sea called Hudson's straits, which after some League's Passage openeth into a sine Bay dilating itself both toward the North, South, and West, giving great hopes of a passage that way to the East Indies. First discovered by the Two Cabots, Father and Son, upon the account of Henry the Seventh of England. Afterwards by Hudson, Forbisher, Weymouth, Button, Baffin, Smith, James, etc. and of latter times we have had a Trassick thither, which is managed by Merchants of London called by the Name of Merchant Adventurers to Hudsons' Bay: the Coast of New Britain runs along by the side of some part of this Bay, and though it has been much sought into yet it cannot be found out yet whether there be a passage this way, or whether it is no more but an Inlet of the Sea; there being several places called by the Name of the first Discoverers, as the place where Hudson Wintered James Bay, Buttens Bay, Forbishers Streights, Freum Davis, Baffins' Bay, etc. Thus have I given you as full a Relation of Ameriea as the bulk of my Book will permit (being nothing (according to the best of my knowledge (but what is the true state thereof at this time, hoping that ●f there be any mistakes you will not impute it to my carelessness, but to the Misinformation of them that have writ of any of these New Discoveries. I shall end therefore with that Advice of Helyn: But whither goes my Bark? Return: for we Have sliced the Capering Brine enough: See, see The South Wind begins to gather Clouds apace; 'Tis no safe tarrying inso fieree a place. Whilst thou hast time, retire, thou wearied Bark Into safe Harbour; when the Cloud which dark The World's bright Eye shall be dispelled away, And shining Phoebus make a lightsome Day. Triton's shrill Trump shall thee recall again, From the safe Harbour to the foaming Main, And we with all our Powers will boldly try What of this Unknown World we can descry. FINIS. All sorts of Mathematical Books and Instruments both for Sea and Land; Maps both great and small of all Countries, Maritime Charts, and Sea Plaits, are sold by John Seller at his Shop on the Westside of the Royal Exchange in London, and at the Hermitage in Wapping. Scales of Miles and Leagues, of Divers Nations showing what Proportion they bear to a degree of the Earth. The Length of one degree. Roman, Italian, Turkish, and English miles, 60 to one degree Arabian, English, and French Leagues, 20 to one degree or hours going Spanish Leagues 17 1/2 to one degree Common Germane miles 15 to one degree Swedes and Danish miles 10 to one degree Hungarian miles 14 to one degree Scotch miles 40 to one degree Low-dutch or Holland's miles 19 to one degree Russian miles 80 to one degree Persian miles 8 to one degree East Indian miles 100 to one degree Kingdom of Cambaja, & Gazuratt, 30 Cosa's to one degree The Map of the WORLD is thus divided into two Continents. The Continent of Europe Asia Africa The Continent of North: America South: America map A NEW MAP OF THE WORLD. By John Seller Hydrographer to the KING. ●UROPE is thus Divided. England— 1 London Scotland— 2 Edinburg Ireland— 3 Dublin XVII Provinces— 4 Amsterdam France— 5 Paris: Breast Marselles Spain— 6 Madrid Mallago Bilboa Gibraltar Portugal— 7 Lisbon Italy— 8 Rome Venice Genoa Germany— 9 Vienna Prague Hambourg Denmark— 10 Coppenhgen Rypen Norway & Sweden— 11 Bergen Dronthem Stockholm Ryga Abo Moscovia or Russia— 12 Moscou Archangle Wollogda Cazan Kola Lesser Tartary— 13 Caffa Poland— 14 Danzick Cracow Lithuania— 15 Wilna Hungaria— 16 Buda Turkey in Europe— 17 Constantinople North yt. South yt. of Turkey— 18 Ragusa Zant North yt. South yt. in Europe— 19 Lepanto Morea— 20 Modon Coron map EUROPE The Kingdom of ENGLAND is divided into two parts. ENGLAND is divided into forty Counties Buckingham shire Bedford S: Berk S: Cambridgshire Cheshire. Cornwall Cumberland Derby S: Devon S: Dorset S: Durham Essex. Gloucester S: Herefordshire Haunt S: Hertford S: Huntingdon S: Kent Leicestershire Lancashire Lincolnshire Monmouthshire Midlesex Norfolk Northamptonsh: Northumberland Nottinghamshire Oxford S: Rutland Shropshire. Sussex Somerset S: Suffolk Stafford S: Surrey Warwick S: Wilt S: Westmoreland Worcester S: York S: WALES is divided into twelve Counties Anglesey Brecknockshire Cardiganshire Carmarthenshire Carnarvonshire Denby S: Flintshire Glamorganshire Merionethshire Montgomery S: Pembroke S: Radnor. map A Map of the Kingdom of ENGLAND and WALES. By john Seller ●COTLAND is thus Divided. In the North are these Divisions Cathanes Strathnavern Southerland Assynt-ross Lochquaber Murray Any beyne Buchan: Marr Badenorth Lochabyr Anthol Goure: Mernes Angus Perth Broad Albain Argile: Lenox Strath Menteith Eife: Lorne Cantyr In the South are these Divisions Sterling Reinfrew Cuningham Lothia Cluydesdale Kyle Carrick Twedale March Tivedale Lidesdale Eskeda Annadale Nythdale Galloway With many Island map SCOTLAND By I. Seller. IRELAND 〈◊〉 Divided ●nto four provinces w.th ●●●ir respective Counties. Leinster Louth East Meath West Meath Dublin Kings County Queen's County Kildare Wicklow Catherlaugh Wexford Kilkenny Longford Ulster Antrim Down Dunagall Tyrone Fermanagh Monohon Ardmagh Cavan Connought Slego: Mays Letrim Galloway Roscommon Clare Munster Waterford Cork Kerry Limrick Tipperary map IRELAND THE XVII PROVINCES is Divided into Dukedoms Limbourg Mastrich Limbourg Masewick Liege Luxembourg Luxembourg Rochefort Gueldre Gueldre Arnheim Harderwick Brabant Charleroy Boisleduck Louvain. Breda Brussels Tillemont Marquisate of the Holy Empire Antwerp Earldoms Flanders Hulst. Gaunt Bruges. Ipres Mont Castlel Dunkirque Ostend. Lille Tournay Artoys Arras St. Omer Hainault Mons Namur Namur Zutphen Zutphen Holland Amsterdam Rotterdam Leyden. Hage Delf. Dort Harlom. Brill Edam. Horn Zealand Middleburg Baronies Frisia Lewarden Utrech Utrech Overisle Couwarden Oldenzeb Malines Malines Groningen Groningen map THE XVII PROVINCES FRANCE is divided into these Provinces Picardi Calais Amiens Normandy deep Haver de Grace Roven Caën Bretagne St. Mallo Rhennes Nantes Breast Orleanois Orleans Tours. Bourges Angers Poictours' la Rochel Guienne Bourdeaux Rhodes Gascogne Aux Bayone Pau Languadoe Thoulouse Monpilier Narbone Provence Marselles Dauphine ●●enne Grenoble Embrun Lyonnois Lion Clermont Moulins Burgundy Dijon Auton Chapagne Tryers Rhens Isle of France Paris The Chief Rivers are the Seine. Loire. Dordogue. Adour. Garonne. Rhosne. Let map FRANCE SPAIN is thus divided biscay Bilboa S. Sebastian Asturies Oviedo Santillana Galice Coruna Compostella Tuy Leon Leon Salamanca Portugal Braga Port Coimbra Lisbon Eyora Baja Algarve Faro old Valladolid Villa Franca Placentia Castille new Madrid Toledo Cuenca Badajos Andalusia Cordove Cadis Sevill St. Lucar Gibraltar Granada Granada Malaga Murcia Murcia Cartagens Valencia Valencia Alicante Arragon Caragoca Calatajud Albarazin Catalonie Lerida Barcelona Girone Tarragona Tortose Roussillon Perpignan Navarre Pamplona Estella The Chief Rivers are the Dovero Tage Guadiana Guadalquvir Xucar Ebro map SPAIN PORTUGAL is thus Divided Entre Douro Minho Valence Braga Porta Tralos Montes Braganca Miranda Moncoryo Almeida Beyra Lamego Viseu Mira Counbra Sabugal Cashelbnvico Estremadura Lisbon C. de Roca N. Lisboa Leiria Santare Tomar Punhete Almerin Palmela Setuval C. St. joan Alcacer de Sal Alentejo Portalegre Eyora Beja S jago d. Cacem Mertola Algarvia Silues Lagos Faro C. d'. St. vincent The chief Rivers are the Dover Tage Gaudiana map PORTUGAL ITALY is divided into these parts. K am of Naples Naples Policastro Regio Gaeta Tarante Otranto Brindisi Potignano Isola Monfredona Vestica- Aquila Pescara Estate of the Church Rome Spoleto Fermo Ancone Urbino Ravenne Bologne Ferrara Tuscan Florenza Ligorn Pisa Sienna Luca— Luca Genoa— Genoa Parma— Parma Modena— Modena Montova— Montova Venice— Venice Padova Trente— Trente Milan— Milan Piedmont— Turin Nice The Chief Rwers are the Tiber Po map ITALY ●●RMANY 〈◊〉 thus divided. Meclembourg Meklembourg Wismar Pomerain— Stralsund. Stetin Coleburg. Rugen Isle Brandenburg Bertin. Kustrin Francfort Upper Saxony Wittenberg. crfort Leypsick. Minden Lower Saxony Brunswick Lubeck Bremen. Hamburg Westphalia— cmden. Munster Paderborn Hesse— Cassel. Marpurg Ecclesiatick Electorats Mayance. Cleves Cologne. Treves Palatinate of Rhine Worms. Heidlbera. Spire Franconia— Francfort Nuremberg Lorraine— Metz. Toul. Nanci Alsace Strasburg. Brisac Franche Com. te Besancon. Dole Savoy— Chambray Swisses— Geneve. Berne. Basel Sovabie— Augsburg. Ulm Constance. Hailborn Tirol— Inspruck. Landeck Bavaria— Rattisbon. Passau Salzbourg. Munich Bohemia— Prague. Satz Conigingracz Lusace— Bautzen Silesia— Breslaw. Oppelen Tescheu Moravia— Obruitz. Bren Austria— Vienna. Lintz Stein Stiria— Grece Carinthia— S. Veit Carnolia— Lauhach map GERMANY map A Ground Plate of the City VIENNA and the Adjacent Country DENMARK is thus Divided. jutland The Scaw Wensissel Seeby Alborch Wiborg Lemwick Arhusen Ebelted Horsens Vard Hennebarch Rypen Sleswick Sleswick Tonderen Apenrad Flensborg Rensborg Holstein Meldory Kiel Niemurester Gluckstat Oldeslo Niestat Oldenborg Zealand I Copenhage Roskil Elsenaur Neswed Frestoe Holbeck Fionie I Odensee Forburg With several small Islands map DENMARK map A MAP of the City HAMBURGH the Adjacent Country. By john Seller. SWEDELAND and NORWAY is thus divided. Swead and Lapland Stockholm. Ulm Upsale. Torn Nicopin. Kimi Geralie. Lula Hundinkwald Indal. Pitha Hernsand Gothland Gottenbourg Elsenborg Calmar Norcopin Carolstat Ahuys. Eahus Livonia Riga. Pernau Revil. Derpe Nerva Ingria Noteborg Finland Wihorg. Abo Raseborg Nitslot Bienburg Vassa Oulo Cayaneborg Norway Fredrickstat Obslo Christiana Bergen Stafanger The Nasse Drontem Salten Hereles Norway Lapland North cape Wardhuyse Roverda map SWEDELAND and NORWAY MOSCOVIA or RUSSIA is divided into. Kingdom's Siberie Cazan Astracan Principalities Pleskow Bielskow Dukedoms Novogorod Weliki Nova Zemla Obdora Reschaw Moscow 'tTwere Belejezoro Worotin jeroslaw Wologda Rosthow Susdale Wolodimer T de Mordwa Rezan Nisi Novogorod Condora juhorki Permski Waithka Bulgar Circasses Tartar Provinces Dwina Kargapol Ustingha Petzora Okrain Pole Republics Lapland Samojedes Tingoisis Manamo Czeremissi Nagornoi map MOSCOVIA or RUSSIA LESSER TARTARY In Lesser Tartary are these Towns Besergenof Maniez Azac or Azow Pisan Paparoma Cambra Precop Baciassarai Lustlova Mancup Baluclava Caffa Trusta Carubas Kers Arbotka On the Coast of PONTUS EUXINUS Oczakou Bialogrod Killia Constantinople Scutari Heraclia Sinopoli Simiso Trebisond Varth Fazo Savatopoli Eschisumuni Sophia Teman Temrok Cozala Bacmachi Baletecoi map LESSER TARTARY POLAND is thus Divided Great Poland Guesne. Posna Kalisch. Rava Cujavia Vladislau Lesiser Poland Cracow. Lublin Sandomiri Czeslacou Prussia Roy: Danzick Torn. Culm Prussia Du: Koningsberg Elbing Maremburg Mazovia Plocake Warsoona Polachia Tikasin Bielski Black Russia Zamoski jeroslau Lemburg. Belz. Podolia Kameniec Braclau. Bar. Volhinia Ukrain & Cosaques Volodzimirez Lusuc. Kiou Krzemieniec Zitomirs Czernobel Bialacerkiew Czircassi Kudac Lithuania Braslau Wibia. Kouno Minski. Grodno Novogrodck Lakouvick. Orsa Uitopski. Sklou Rzeczica Mazi Curland Vindau. Liba Mitau Samogatie Memel Rosutie map POLAND. LITHUANIA divided into these ●●latinates 〈◊〉 Duchess. Polocak Poloczk. Drina. Witepsk Witepsk Whieliss Surass Braslaw Braslaw Miadzia Drysunath Vilna Wilna Wilkomirz Troki Troki Lida Kouno Grodne Novogrodeck Novogrodeck Wolkowiska Slonini Ostrow Minski Minsti Lesanica Boryssaw Brodziec Mscislaw Mscilaw Mchilow Byehow: Orsia Balymisrie Lands of Rohaczow & Rzeczyca Rohaczow Rzeczyca Mazy Dobosina Duche & : of Smolensko Smolensko Duche & : of Novogrodeck Swierski Novogrodeck Swiersk: Starodub Duche of Czernihow Czernihow Sluczk. map LITHUANIA. HUNGARIA The greatest part is Conquered by the Turks. Upper Hungaria Preshourg Transchin Nitria. Bars Cassovia. Rab. Epire's. Papa Unghuar Rena. Sopron Tokoy. Vespron Namyn. Bator Vgogh. Zatmar Benhalora Comora Lower Hungaria Newhausel Strigonie Alba Regalis or Stul Wessenbourg Offen. or Buda Pest. Vazzon Kanise. Lippa Agria. Schag Giula. Zeged Novigrod Zobiock Colocza 5 Eclesiae. Zygeth Bathmonster Thurtur Waradin Czongrad Chonard Temesuar Breczkerk Mesasomlo Sclavonia Posega Marsa. Valpon Warasdin Szerem map HUNGARIA and SCLAVONIA. TURKEY in EUROPE Divided. Upper Hungaria Presbourg Raab: Toky Lower Hungaria Newhausel: Gran Buda or Offen Colocza. 5 Eclesiae Sclavonia Posega Translvania Clausenburg Hermanstat Moldavia Soczowa jazi: Gallacz Walachia Ermstat Torgowis Bessarahie Bialigorod: Tekin Bulgaria Uscopia: Sophia Nicopoli: Varne Tomi: Dora Servia Belgrade: Zizza Caroatia Withita Dalmatia Spalatra: Zoar Raguse: Bosnia Narenca: jaicza Catoro: Risin Albania Scutari Durazo: Valone Romania Constantinople Andrinopoli Gallipoli Asperosa Macedonia Salonichi: Contessa Thessalia Larisia Epiros Perga Achaia Lepanto: Negrepont Setines: Stieus Morea Corinte: Argos Arcadia: Modon Misistra map TURKEY in EUROPE. The Northpart of TURKEY in Europe Transilvania Chuisenburg Newmark Scespurg Medwish Hermanstat Fogares. Egedin Dewa. Torda Huniad Hatzag Moldavia Soczowa Sereth. Smatin Moldavia Tragorod Aczud. jazy Rebnick Barlach Fabeim Vasthuy Bradi. Tirasno Margosest japuczna Skoka. Galacz Srzepanavicze Walachia Torgowis Barskow Pitesk Arcim Rebnik Aluth. Zalatma Zula. Ris Zers. Zorlo Dombovisa Ermistat jalonicz Brailonum Bessarabie Tekin. Orihou Bialigrod Moncastro Kilia. Smil Taristo. map The North part of Turkey in Europe TRANSILVANIA MOLDAVIA WALACHIA BESSARABIE. The South part of TURKEY in Europe. Bulgaria Uscopia Ischa. Sophia Nicopoli. Tomi Varne. Dora Servia Belgrade. Obrach Semandria Nizza. Noviba Croatia Withicz Dalmatia Zegen. Zara Spalatra. Raguse Bosnia Bagnaluc Narenca. jaicza Risin. Catoro Albania Scutari. Durazo Valone Romania Constantinople Andrinopoli Phillipopoli Asperosa Gallipoli Chiorlich GREECE Macedonia Salonichi Contessa. Pella Acomama Thessalia Larissa. Trica Armio Epiros Butinito Prevesa. Perga Achaia Lepanto Setines. Steius Negrepont Morea Corinte. Arcadia Agros. Patra Olimpe. Modon Misistra With many small Island map The South part of TURKEY in Europe. ASIA is thus divided. Turkey in Asia jerusalem Smirna Bagdat Georgia Cotatis Arahia Mecca Catif Calajate Fartach Aden Persia Ispahan Taurus Ormus Empire of Mogal Lahor: Delly Agra: Diu Ougley Bengala Surrat India this side Ganges Bisnagar Goa Fort St. George India beyond Ganges Pegu: Sian Camboja Malacca Tunquin China Peking Nanking Canton Tartary Samarkand Belch Kasghar Thibet Tangut: Xamo Chacan Kalmach The Chief Rivers are the Ganges Indefai Eufrates map ASIA AFRICA is thus Divided. Barbary Tanger Morocco. Fez Alger. Tunis Tripoli Barca Biledul: gerid Tesset Darha Segelmesse Tegoram Tolacha Guargala Teuzara Gaoga Desert of Sarra Zunziga Targa Lemp●a Bardoa Borneo Nigros Gandia Genehoa Tombut Gambia Cantori Mandinga Agades Gago Canon Guber Cassena Zegzeg Zanfara Gangara Guivea S. G d'Mina Ardd Benin Congo S Salvador Dongo Loango Biafara Biafara Medra Corisco Monomo: tapa & Caffa●es Bagamedro Monomatana Butua Zofala Ahissines Caxumo Sova Vangue Angoce Ambiam Amara Damut Zangubar Magadaxo Adel Malinda Monbara Quiloa Mazambique Nubia Nubia Egypt Cairo. sosu The chief Rivers are the Nilus Niger map AFRICA NORTH AMERICA is thus divided New N. Wales Ne Ultra New S. Wales Port Nelson New Britain F. Charles Canada New France Quebeck New Scotland P. Royal New England Boston New York New York New Jersey F. Elsenburg Maryland Baltamore Pensilvania Virginia james Town Carolina Charles T. Florida S. Martha Cofa Mexico or New Spain Mexico Guatamala Truxillo Acapulco Panuco New Mexico New Mexico The chief Islands are California Hispaniola Cuba: Long I. jamaica Porto Rico New Foundland Barbados Bermodas' Lucaie Islands Caribes The Great River Canada map NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA is divided into these parts. Terra Firma Panama Cartagena St. Fed Bagota Venezuela Surranam Manoa amazons Coropa Village delor Brasil Para. Siara. Saltpan Paraiba Pernambuca St. Salvador Ilhros R to Seguro Sp. to Sancto St. Vincent Peru Quiro Truxillo Lima. Cusco. Arica Potosi Chili St. jago Imperial Baldivia Castro Paraguay St. jago d'estra Villa Rica St. Anna Magellanick Land Desaguadero Magellanick I. The Chief Rivers are the Oronoque amazons St. Francisco Paraguay or Plate Uraguay. map SOUTH AMERICA