Certain plain and easy DEMONSTRATIONS Of divers Easy ways and means for the Improving of any manner of barren Land, although the same be not worth xij. d. the Acre. And showing how to make the same become worth XX. s. XXX. s. or XL. s. the Acre yearly. Published for the Increasing of the Wealth and Prosperity of the Nation, and the benefit of the Poor, and of all those as are Owners of any barren Land.  
LONDON, Printed by T. F. and are to be sold by William Ley, at his Shop at Paul's Chain near Paul's Churchyard, 1657.   

Brief Demonstrations of Certain, Plain and Easy ways, and means for the Improving of any manner of Barren-Land, although not worth xij. d. the Acre, and showing how to make the same become worth xx. s. xxx.s. or xl.s. the Acre yearly.  
Published for the benefit of the Nation, and for the Increasing of the wealth and Prosperity of all Nations, that shall in time Practise the same.  By J. S. One that it defirous of the Public good. 
TO THE READER.  
GEntle Reader, having many things to make public for the good of the Nation, I shall only at the present briefly Demonstrate some few things that may make much for the Public good and the Prosperity thereof; In this small and ensuing Treatise, it is intended for the good of the Poor aswell as of the rich; and therefore, I shall in brief publish no more at one time than what the poor man may be able to purchase and attain to, aswell as the rich, and so shall proceed in the succeeding times; Every one is bound in duty to employ and improve those Talents that God hath endowed them with to his glory and the public good, and I hope no man can be offended thereat: if any such there be, they ought to know their Error is great, and their judgement will be great at the great judgement day of the Lord: I shall Conclude only desiring the Lord to bless and prosper all honest and lawful Endeavours, and rest always desirous of the Public good,  
I: SHARKWELL:   


CHAP. I. Concerning the use of the Manuring. Rowler.  
OF all Inventions for the easy and speedy Manuring of all sorts of Ground, there is none better or more useful than the Manuring Rowler, being rightly and seasonably used: The best season for using thereof is in the Autumn and Winter, when the ground is wet and not dry or hard frozen: Also, when the Snow beginneth to melt and the frost to thaw, the manner how to use it, is to fill it with Dung and other soil, or with good and fertile Earth, and then to draw it up and down in your field from one end to the other, until all the manure be vented out of the same, and then again to fill it, and use it after the same manner, until you have used and spent all your dung, hereby one load of Dung will do more good and improve your Land more than 3, or 4. Load laid on the ground, and spread after the accustomed manner: Also, ground that is not worth xij. d. the Acre, may in few years be made to become worth xx. s. or xxx.s. the Acre.  
These manuring Rulers may be made of what bigness you please; for they may be made no bigger than for a man to drive or thrust afore him, and also they may be made so big as they may require one or two Horses to draw the same.  
Now if the later end of the Autumn or Winter season prove dry, and the ground be too dry to Manure and improve the same than you may moisten and water the same, as is declared in the Chapter, Showing how to water Ground in dry seasons where water is plentiful: And in moistening, or watering the same, be sure to moisten and water no more than you shall at that present manure well with your manuring Rowler, and water that well, and throughly that you would Manure.  
Also, if you would Improve any barren Land speedily then you must bring in the best mould you can get, and spread the same all over so much of your barren Land as you desire to Improve, and after you have spread the same, then to fill your manuring Rulers with Dung or other good soil, and manure the same when the ground is Wet as is before prescribed.  
Also, it is very expedient to Blow up your barren ground, if you have not plenty of good Earth to lay upon it and to manure it withal, and assoon as it is Ploughed up, then to manure it with your manuring Rowler; And what you Blow up one day, you should Manure the day following.   

CHAP. II. How to improve Barren Land not worth yearly xij. d. the Acre, and io make it become worth yearly xx. s. or xxx.s. the Acre.  
ONe of the best and surest ways to Improve any manner of barren Land both speedily and effectually is by making long Furrows, or Trenches, either with the Blow or Spade 12. or 18. Inches deep, and 12. or 18. Inches wide: these furrows and trenches should be made along from the South to the North, & distant some 14, 15, or 16. foot each furrow or trench from the other: these furrows being thus made should be filled up with the best, and richest Earth or soil that may be got near to the said barren land; and after they are thus filled, then at the season of the year for Planting, then to plant Quicksets, and all other small Plants of divers kinds all along in the said Trenches and furrows; or otherwise to set or sow Acorns, Nuts, Haws, and the seeds of other Trees in the said Trenches and furrows that it may grow up to a Hedge-row or hedge, and so to preserve them and let them grow.  
Now in the Spaces between the said furrows you may practise several points of Husbandry in manner following; as in one or 2, or 3. of the said Spaces between the said trenches or furrows, if you would have Meadow ground or Pasture; then when the ground is wet either with Rain or with Snow, you must manure the same with the manuring Barrow, or manuring Rowler, they being filled with the richest or fattest Earth you can get until the said Spaces become all mire and dirt; and after that bring the best green Turf you can get in Lanes, or along by Hedge-sides, from whence the fame may be best spared into your said Barren ground, and spread the same all over the said spaces between the trenches covering the said barren ground therewith, that you would have to be good Meadow or Pasture ground; and after that fill your manuring Rowler with good mellow Dung and manure the said spaces therewith; In the Winter seasons and a little before the Spring, and so every Winter season when the said ground is moist, and it will become good Meadow or Pasture ground worth xx. s. or xxx.s. the Acre or more, and continue so for ever.  
Also, you should have a great care that no Cattle that will Crop come into the said ground before your Quicksets and Hedge-rowes be grown out of danger; and therefore you must preserve the grass for Hay, and in the Autumn, and Winter you may put in your Lambs, Calves, and Colts, and any other cattle that will not Crop, and it will breed them up very well and yield you profit enough.  
Now in the other Spaces you may use & practise other points or kinds of Husbandry at your pleasure, that are or hereafter shall be published; for in some of them you may set and sow Beans, and Pease after the same manner as is declared in the following Chapters. And in the other Spaces you may plant and set young Trees; In other spaces you may sow Roots, as Turnips, Carrots and such like, having manured, prepared and fitted the said ground and spaces for the said purposes.  
And in other of the said Lands and spaces having movable Folds made for the purpose to fold your Cattle in, you may fodder any Cattle you have in the said Lands, and improve it very much, and also improve your Cattle, by defending them from wind and weather in Cold seasons.  
These movable Folds are to be made of the lightest wood and boards as is to be obtained, as of Elm, Maple, Sallow, Willow and such like; also, those that shall desire to see the same, or only the Model of them, or to have them made, if they shall refort to such places, whereto they shall be directed in this Book; they may there see the same or be furnished with them if they please.   

CHAP. III. How to Improve any Barren Land not worth xij. d. the Acre.  
ANother way to Improve any manner of barren Land both easily and speedily; Is first to make long Furrows from the South to the North and fill them up with good rich and fertile Earth, as is declared in the former Chapter, and then to set Beans or Pease in their season all along in the said furrows; and then all along in the Space between the said furrows to make Holes either with a good round Stake or crow of Jron about 10, or 12. Inches deep, the wider the holes are the better; then fill up the said holes with the best Earth or mixed mould as is before declared for the Furrows; and set Beanes or Pease in the said Holes.  
Now after you have gathered your Beans and Pease, you may let the Stalks and hams remain and rot upon the ground, and then in the next wet Seasons ensuing, manure the said ground with the manuring Rulers filled with Dung, or other good Earth, or fertile mould, that may most easily be had.  
If your Barren ground be somewhat dry that you would manure, than it will be worth your labour to nail or fasten all the course old Linen or woollen Rags doubled or twisted together you have or can have, round about on the outside of your manuring Rulers, and then pour water upon them when you manure your ground therewith, and also you must moisten either the Dung or the fertile Earth very much with water, when that you put it into the manuring Rowler to manure your Land therewith; and so when the Rags shall grow any thing dry to wet them well again with water, by pouring it upon them.  
Also, it will be worth labour and very good to Manure your ground early in the Morning when the ground is very full of Dew, with the manuring Rowler.  
The several Benefits that will arise to all in the Nation will be many through the exercise of these points of Husbandry some whereof I will name; As first, all or most of the Poor in the Nation may be set on work in one kind or other throughout the Nation, to the great profit of the Owners of the barren Lands in the Nation; some being employed in making Trenches, Pits and holes, others in filling them up with earth, and others in Planting, Sowing, and setting Plants, or Seeds, or other things as is prescribed.  
Secondly, The maintenance of the Ministers and Gentry will be amended and increased.  
Thirdly, The Merchants, Tradesmen, and Handicraftsmen, will gain hereby; for all Trading will be increased.  
Fourthly, the Customs, and other revenues due to the State will be increased.   

CHAP. IU. Another way whereby Barren-fields may be improved.  
FIrst, you may blow Furrows from one end or side of your Field unto the other, and fill up the same with good fertile mould of Earth, if you desire to improve your Land by sowing or setting Beans, Pease or any other kind of grain in Furrows, and not by planting of Wood  
Also, you may Blow the said fields very well and so Harrow them, and then manure them with the manuring Rowler, and after plant and set Corn in the same; making holes with a Setting-stick made for that purpose, and putting in with your Seed fine small light mould that is sifted into the said holes, filling them up therewith.  
And after when you have gathered your Crop, then in wet Seasons if the ground be wet manure the said Fields with your manuring Rulers well filled with Dung, or other good soil, and your said fields will be extraordinarily Improved, and made fertile.   

CHAP. V Another way to improve Barren Land not worth xij. d. the Acre.  
ANother way to Improve any manner of barren Land, is by Digging many holes or small Pits one foot and a half deep, and two foot square, and then to fill up the said Pits or holes with the best Earth or mould that is to be got near unto the said barren Land, and then at the Season of the year that is best for Setting and Planting to set or plant such small Trees or Plants, as will agree best with the nature of the soil there laid, and not too much different from the nature of the soil of the said Climate, and indeed it will be very necessary to observe what Earth, or soil will improve best the said Barren earth; For as Oak will grow and prosper best in Clay grounds, so Elmes will grow and prosper best in rich Sandie grounds and other Dry moulds, and other sorts of wood; In other sorts of ground, as Willows in wet grounds, and Ash, Maple, Beech; and indeed most sorts of Wood will grow in mixed moles and Loamy grounds.  
Now than it is expedient that such Persons as will use those or the like ways in Improving of these Barren grounds, do Observe the natures of such barren ground as they desire to improve, as to observe whether it be wet Moorish grounds, or dry Sandy barren ground, or Chalky, Gravelly, or Clay, or Loamie ground; for as there be rich Sandy grounds, so there are barren sandy grounds, and as there be rich Loamie, gravelly and Clay grounds, so there be barren loamy, gravelly and Clay grounds. Now if you make your Trenches or little Pits in dry barren Sandy ground, then to fill the said Pits and trenches with the richest Clay or loamy Earth you can get, & also to manure the said ground with the same, and if you make your said trenches and pits in wet or Moorish grounds, then to fill both the trenches and pits with the fattest Sand, or driest rich mould well Chaulked, or you may put some Chalk into the said trenches or pits before the said Sand or Rich dry earth be laid in the same, and to manure the said wet ground with the like, spreading much Chalk or sand upon the said Moorish, o● wet grounds. Now by this kind of Husbandry great profit will arise to the Owners of the said barren Land, and also to the Commonwealth and Nation; for hereby all sorts of Timber will become plentiful for all uses.  
These holes and Pits may be made as near together as the Planters shall please, for as the said Trees grow up and spread some may be Cut down and taken away to the owner's profit and others left to grow and spread, and always when they shall want space to spread and grow then to fell and take away some more, leaving others to continue growing until they shall be come to their full growth; Thus may barren ground that is not worth xij. d. the Acre, be made to bring in great profit, and be Improved from generation to generation, and in the end when all or most of the Trees be felled or taken away it will become and continue good Arable or Pasture ground for ever, if it 〈◊〉 yearly Manured in its season as it ought, and may easily be done.  
FINIS.   

AT the House of _____ There you may see the Exact model and manner of the improving Inventions, and receive further Instructions for the Improving 〈◊〉 any manner of Barren Land if you please, and also be directed 〈◊〉 such Persons, as will either buy or farm any Barren Lands that you shall be desirous to Sell or Let.    

HOW TO ORDER ANY LAND, SO as it may retain all the moisture that falleth thereon: And to Improve it thereby.  
FOr as much as the fatness of the soil is washed away, when in the winter season the ground is so wet, that every shower is not received, and drunk in by the earth where upon it falleth, but passeth away, and carrieth with it the Fatness, and Richness of the soil that should remain upon the superficies of the earth, whereby barrenness doth ensue daily, although daily the Husbandman do manure and dung the same. Therefore every one that would retain the Fatness and Richness of their own soil for their own Land, must use means to retain that, that would and doth carry away the Richness and Fatness of their soil from the same. And that every man may reserve the Fatness of his own soil for his own Land, it is accessary to use and practise these points of Husbandry hereafter declared. As first to mound his Land with banks in every place where the water may have vent, and Current from of the same; secondly, to turn the vent and Current of all Land-waters into his own ground, out from the high ways, wast-grounds, and Commons belonging to or lying near his own Land, and if these two shall not be found Remedies sufficient, I shall hereafter declare some other. I know the latter is practised a little by some, but it is so little that it is to little purpose; For what availeth it for a man to let the water in at one place, and to let it go out at a thousand, but every man retaining all the water that falleth upon his own ground, shall in short time find it very available, for if this kind of husbandry only were but used half the time that it hath been neglected, men should find their Lands to be greatly improved by the same, the which every one may easily do, and that to their own great profit and advantage and to the profit and advantage also of their fare Remote neighbours.  
For if every one do but consider how divers grounds hath been much improved by watering, and overflowing the same near unto Rivers, that in former times have been but little worth, than they cannot deny, but that they also in high grounds may improove their Land by watering and overflowing the same, and that they may overflow it by stopping the vents and Currents of the water that shall fall upon the same, or when they shall bring the land-water upon the same from their own Corre Fields, highways, and other waste grounds and Commons.  
Also, then will not their fare Remote neighbours, that use to be annoyed with floods, and others that live in Fen Countries, be so much annoyed with water as commonly they are, nay; if every one did but truly, and duly observe and practise this kind of Husbandry, they would not be annoyed at all: and therefore it must needs be advantageous and profitable for those that live in Fenny Countries, and others in the vale Countries that are annoyed with Floods, as well as for those that live upon hills and high grounds.  
Now how easily it may be effected, may any one soon understand, that can but understand how easily mischiefs may be prevented, when they are prevented at the first arising and beginning before they come to a head, and how easily an Inconvenience may be helped when every man shall put to their helping hands any one may judge. We know that the many sparks of fire in Town and City, so long as they are kept within bounds are service able, and there is no damage or danger sustained by them; but if by misfortune or negligence they get out of their bounds what disasters do they cause. Even so the many drops that do fall in a Country if they should be kept within bounds in the several Closes and Lordships wherein they fall, they would be serviceable, and advantageous, which other ways destroy whole Fields of Corn, break down Bridges, drown Cattle, and sometime overturn houses, and work much other mischiefs also, for we may all very well know, it is never well with England when the Corn in the golden vales of England is destroyed through floods; now as the Husbandman may easily retain all the water that falleth upon his own ground for his own profit, and advantage, in his several enclosures, so may he as easily open a vent for his water at any time if there be cause and let it out from one Close, wherein there is no need, or where it may be harmful, and bring it into another wherein it may do good, and where there may be great need thereof: now if there be any that cannot conceive how or which way this point of husbandry may be effected with great facility and ease: let them but repair unto the Author, or unto his Assigns; and they will after taking view of their land show how easily it may be done.  

How to prepare barren Land that yields no profit, for the Improoving of it, and how to make it Fertile.  
THe first thing to be done when you would improove your barren dry ground, is where it is level, or where it can be easily brought to a level, to mound it about in square plots & Closes, or other ways, as it shall be found most convenient with banks. In such manner as that you may reteyac, and keep all the water or moisture within the bounds thereof that shall fall upon it, or that may arise from Snow, or that may otherwise be brought upon the same.  
Thus when it is well bounded, and mounded with banks may you dung it well, or manure it in what sort you like best, and you shall be sure not to lose any part of your dung or manure through hasty and sudden showers, that tommonly doth wash away a great part thereof.  
But when it is dunged well, and well soaked with moisture, or when it is in a manner overflowen; then to manure it with dung or other Fat earth in the Manuring barrow will mightily Improove it, for the drawing of the manuring barrow up and down, and the trampling of the ground when it is so moist, or overflowen, will increase your manure, and dung exceedingly: For no man can be Ignorant, how trampling, Carting, and such like actions in wet weather, and when the ground is wet doth increase mire and dirt exceedingly in any place: Yet some may object, why then are not Footpathes, and Highways more Fertile than other places, being they are more frequently trampled, and travailed upon then other places are. Unto whom I answer, if highways and Footpathes were crampled, and travailed on only in wet weather, and when they are wet, they would be fare more Richer in soil and more fertile than they are; for as trampling and travailing in wet weather increaseth soil and Dirt, so in dry weather trampling and travailing wareth and wasteth away both the Dirt and soil, and causeth Barrenness and yet how many ways and paths also if they should not be yearly supplied with gravel, and such other batten, durable materials would grow Impassable through mire & soil. Also although trampling and travailing is good to improove ground, yet continual trampling, and travailing is hurtful to ground, because it hindereth the growth of the grass, and yet in Heathes, and Commons, where are paths, and tracts that are but seldom trampled, is no heath, yet is there grass, and more would there be if they were not overlaid with sheep, and Cattle, and trampled more in dry weather, then in wet that keeps it under, and hinders the growth thereof.  
Again, to manure ground that is dunged when it is wet, with the Manuring barrow trimmed also with dung, or other Fat earth, or soil, will increase other manner of soil and Dirt, then bare trampling or travailing will, and also it will improove it more. If there be any that think drowning and overflowing of ground will not improve it, because in some places they are feign to cut Furrows and trenches to drain the same, let them inquire of those who have used the overflowing of ground that lieth by Rivers, and have improved the same, and use it yearly. Indeed arable ground when it is sown should have Furrows, and trenches to drain the same, because too much moisture is hurtful to most kind of grain; and therefore they should make their Furrows so, as that the Rain that falleth upon their Cornefields, may have vent and Current into their pasture ground and lay Fields, and then they may there environ it so with a bank, as that it may not any ways break forth of the same. Thus therefore, if it be one, two, three, four, or five Acres, or more that you would improve, thus you may order and prepare it, and improove it, and unto any who willeth or desireth to learn more, I will yet show him divers more excellent ways.   

The sewer all benefits that will arise from Mounding of ground with banks and stopping of Currents of Land waters.  
IT will mitigate the great Floods, If it caveth them not to cease altogether, that so annoyeth the Fennie Countries and other places. It will improove high grounds, and cause plenty, and prevent dearth and scarcity:  
It will Increase the old Springs, and make new springs to break forth, and arise in divers places, and that especially, If having more Land-water in any place then can be retained upon the same, they make deep pits or wells for the same to Run into; or if they turn the Current of their water unto their dry and thirsty Lands, that will receive and drink in all.  
Hereby also, they may store themselves with water in the dry and upland Countries against the summer times and dry seasons, where they have any gravelly, or Clay Ground.   

Arguments showing whither this point of Husbandry be possible and profitable or no.  
BEcause a man cannot speak of any new ways or points in Husbandry, but divers well experienced men, do presetly judge the same to be Impossible, or else unprofitable. I will here briefly discuss these two Questions: that so every one that will, may conceive how possible and profitable they may be: First, to show the possibility thereof, let any one place a leaking vessel in the rain, where no spouts may run into the same, and see if it will ever be filled with the rain that shall descend therein; For all sorts of ground will not hold water, and may be compared to leeking vessels, except only the gravelly, and the Clay ground; so that if men do but bank their ground a little to keep the water that falleth thereon upon the same, It will not long abide, if it should descend never so fast unless it be in gravelly and Clay grounds. And here I know many will say they 〈◊〉 not practise this point of husbandry without daintifying themselves, because of necessity where there is no dry thirsty Land near, and abundance of Clay or gravelly ground, altogether in one place must drowno some of their own ground if they should stop the vent and Current of the water, and retain all the water that falleth there on upon the same, unto which I answer, although men in some places should drown 3 or four Acres in an hundred Acres, yet they cannot be damnified thereby, because those who know what a pond of an Acre, or more is worth, cannot be ignorant that 3, or 4, Acres of Land thus drowned in some places, may yield more commodity than ten Acres of dry Land that is worth 30. shillings the Acre.  
Again for the general, better is it to have some hundreds of Acres drowned, and made Fishpools, then to have many thousands of Acres lie barren, and unfruitful.  
And that such places will be as storehowses for water against the summer times and dry seasons, no man can deny, for whereas I have spoken of watering of ground in dry seasons where water is to be had, and some have asked how they should provide water, here is one way, whereby they may provide water in hilly Countries, and high grounds fare off from Rivers; And although it may be impossible for any one man to retain the water within his own ground that falleth in many men's Lands; yet is it possible for every one to retain the water that shall fall within his awne ground. And therefore not Impossible.   

A brief Answer unto what may be objected: or hath been objected.  
I Know many there be, that will say they know many more excellent points of his bandry, than yet hath been discovered by me, and I must confess, I know many particular Husbandmen that do conceive, and understand those secrets in husbandry, that generally is not conceived, nor understood by many that use husbandry, the which I have forborn to treat of, because I would not seem to discover, what I know to be understood, and practised by any one already, although I am not ignorant of the same; and that divers husbandmen and others, do know divers more excellent points than hath been discovered, I will believe. For I myself know many more excellent poytits than I have yet discovered, and yet I know and believe that divers that shalfucceed unto this generation shall know, & understand, and discover more, then shall be understood, and discovered by any one in this generation. Now to avoid further Controversies; If there be any that shall think, or object, that any one point herein discovered, is impossible, unprofitable, or not worth the practising, let them but help the Author unto any barren Land and they shall soon see the contrary proved, for their satisfaction.  
And whereas some I know will be apt to object, That the water lying upon the ground in the winter season, will breed Rushes, and Sedges; I answer, the Manuring barrow (if it be trimmed and used as it may be) will keep the ground from bearing of Rushes and Sedges; and also it will kill both Rushes and Sedges in any ground that is naturally inclined thereunto.    

AN EASIE AND PROFITABLE ORDER IN TILling of Ground to improve it, and make it Fertile.  
BEcause all things in this World are subject to casualty, and Husbandry and Tillage although it be a principal stay, and supporter both in the Church and Commonwealth, yet doth it not always hit according to the Husbandman's expectation, but oftentimes doth fail, unto his great loss, and the miseries of others: I shall here discover some certain points in Husbandry, whereby the Husbandman may easily secure his Corn after it is sown, and use such means and ways that he may preserve and foster it, if need so require.  
Now the most certain way in Tillage, not to lose both your seed and labour (as many often have done in dry seasons, and are still like to do, if they hold on in their accustomed Tillage) when the season is like to be dry, is to Till your Ground by Lands, leaving always a space untilled between every Land, that so you may have places whereby you may come to moisten, and secure your Seed until it be well come forth and grown, if the season be dry, and you perceive it doth not come forth kindly as you would have it, this is a point of Husbandry, that will be extraordinary useful where any Barren ground lieth near unto any Rivers, where water may plentifully be had, and it will not be unuseful where good ground is, although there be not such plenty of water: but some Husbandmen it may be will be apt to think, that so much ground that year is lost that is left untilled in a Field that is tilled; but it is easily answered, that better a little ground be lost, than a greater quantity of ground, and your cost and Seed also be lost, as it may be said well to be, if it doth not bring forth a crop propertionable unto the place and charge bestowed thereon, but to speak the truth, the ground is not lost that is left untilled, because of itself it will bring forth some benefit: although it be not sown, and that, that is not sown the one year doth gather heart, and will be improved against the next year, for if you diligently secure your seed-plots with water, and some such other means as you shall see needful, the Invention that you may water your tilled ground with, will also at the same time water your untilled spaces, so as that, what with the watering, and with the trampling, your untilled spaces will be well improved thereby. For watering, and trampling of ground when it is moist, will improve any ground, without any other means, neither may any Husbandman sow one jot the less, for what quantity of ground he leaveth unsownein one Field, he may sow for it the same quantity in another place, and in the same manner, if he think well, and in thus ordering, and sowing of his ground he shall find more certain profit then any other way.  
The breadth of the Lands that in this manner are to be tilled, may be 6, 7, or 8 foot in breadth, and the space between each land that you are to leave untilled, may be a foot and a half, or more in breadth if you see cause: thus may you without doing harm to your Corn at any time as you see cause, both nourish and cherish it up, from the first sowing thereof until it be passed all danger that may befall it through drought, for when it is sprung up to some pretty growth, the blades will defend the roots thereof so from the heat of the Sun in dry seasons, that it will not take any extraordinary harm thereby:  
Also this is to be noted, that those spaces that you leave unplowed one year, if you sow the same Field the next year, you are to blow up, & leave now some part of the lands (that the last year were tilled and sown) for to be the spaces between the Lands that you mean now to till & sow: and so every year you may rest some part of your Field, although every year you sow the greater part, and reap good crops of Corn from the same.  
Now to give you some taste whether this point of Husbandry will be advantageous or no, let every Husbandman first cast what an Acre of Corn is worth standing upon the Ground, and then how many Acres thereof may be watered in a day; unto the first question I can answer, I have known an Acre of Wheat to have been worth ten pounds upon the ground, when Corn hath been at an high price, but I will suppose it to be worth now but 40 shillings, or 3 pound the Acre: Unto the second I will answer, where water may easily be had, a couple of men may well and easily water about some 30 Acres a day, when the days be long, and if it be watered well but every other day, and the ground be any thing good, or well manured, it will come forward; and by this account, two men may cherish 60 Acres and bring it forward, watering the one half well one day, and the other half another day; and 60 Acres according unto the lowest rate amounteth unto 120 pound, & at 3 pound the Acre, it will amount unto 180 pound: and how much soever an Acre of any Corn can be worth, an Acre of Corn well tilled and thus caerished, will come to be worth much more than that which is but slightly tilled, and that never after is helped or cherished any ways. Now if a Couple with two or three Months labour (for I suppose in two or three Months the Corn will be indifferently able to descend itself against the heat of the Sun, and will be come so forward that it will not need any further watering) can thus bring such profit out from the earth, I suppose it will recompense their labour, and be an encouragement unto any to proceed with pleasure and delight in a labour so advantageous for themselves, and so much concerning the public good, neither will this labour fall upon the Husbandman at an unseasonable time. For always after Seedtime hath the Husbandman most leisure, & after Seedtime than i● the most seasonable time thus to cherish your Corn, & it is not to be doubted, but that oftentimes there will fall some showers also, that will both help and ease the labour of the Waterers, in the driest time and season of the year: For I for my part am persuaded that in men's honest and good endeavours there is a silent Rhetoric to persuade with GOD, and yet I would not have any man to be silent in a time of necessity; but I leave that for Divines to teach and persuade, and stir up men unto.  
Now such Husbandmen that have not a manuring Blow o● Seed-barrow ready, may till their Land in this order after the old accustomed manner, if the Land be not extraordinary barren. For if it be extraordinary barren, than they must use the Manuring-Plow, or Manuring-Wagen in Tilling and Sowing the same, or else perhaps they may lose much of their Crop, or a least never improove it so orderly by sowing the same: Neither is there a better, nor more easy and speedy way to improve any arable ground, or to make any barren Land to become good arable Land then by thus ordering, and sowing of the same, 〈◊〉 any one may quickly find that shall but once make trial o● some little parcel of barren-ground in any place.  
Now if there be any that can help the Author unto; and reasonable quantity of barren ground, he will further discover unto them how they shall improve both easily and speedily and barren ground, and make it to become good Meadow ground, and be worth so much yearly, as any Meadow ground is, or can be any place near adjacent thereunto.  

How to shroud your Grass.  
IT were one excellent point in Husbandry to set and plant, both Oaks and Elms, all along in a row by the hedges on your Field sides, excepting those sides that join upon some common Roads and Highways, that require the Wind and Sun to dry them, and make them passable, for hereby might you shelter the grass a great part of the long Summer ●ayes, from the scorching heat of the Sun, and in the Winter ●●om the nipping blasts of the cold freezing Wind, and also provide fuel for your fire and other uses, and food for your wine, besides many other commodities that would arise from 〈◊〉 same, for every Spring your grass would be much more forwarder than it is, and the leaves of the Trees would also help 〈◊〉 fatten your ground; and it were to be wished that there were me Act or Statute to force this point of Husbandry, that so ●●e Walls of the Kingdom, and the Bridges whereby such ●oopes of our Forefathers were wont to pass over the Seas 〈◊〉 chastise their insolent and daring enemies; might be effectually maintained; and that we might thereby become feared of ●●ose enemies, that now think themselves out of our danger. Surely the reason why this Husbandry is not used, is because ●●e profit thereof would not presently arise to ourselves; but ●●ery one ought to know that no man is born only for himself, ●●d that Fathers are to provide for their Children; therefore we would leave our Country to our Children, and have our children's Children enjoy the same, let us then providently ●●east, to provide such materials for our grandchildren, that ●●y may have wherewithal to encounter with their enemies ●●●oad, rather than to suffer them to be forced to combat with 〈◊〉 here at home; surely if any enemy of ours, had any kind of Timber so tough and durable as our English Oak, they wou●● not neglect so great a benefit: O then unless we would h●●● our Enemies to succeed us in our inheritances let us make use 〈◊〉 the benefits and privileges that our good God hath bestow upon us above other Nations.   

How to gather Wheat, Rye and Barley in late Harvests, and Wet Seasons.  
IN Harvest-time when the Corn is full ripe and like to she and the season so wet that it cannot be housed so dry as should be, ought this point of Husbandry to be practised, rather than that the Corn should be spoiled or lost; first therefore such seasons may the Husbandman reap or cut down his C●●●● according to the Country custom wherein he lives, and th●● afterward whensoever it holds up; or sooner if there be cau●● let his Harvest people (having implements accordingly) app●● themselves to the cropping, clipping, or cutting off the Ears the Corn by handfuls at a time, little Children may gather 〈◊〉 Corn into handfuls, and give them to the Harvestman, whe● he cuts them off, should put them into Sacks, and then sho●●● they be carried home, and spread upon floors in Lofts, and all other places where they may lie and dry, and being dry t●●● should they be removed & other brought and should be spr●● in their places, otherwise whensoever the Wether hol●● little fair, there may one be assigned to follow every Rea●● that may clip off the ears as fast as they shall reap it, into the flaskets, and so sack them up, and carry them home as fa●● it is reaped. Thus may men soon gather in their Wheat, th● Rye, and their Barley, although there should be much grass, weeds among the straw, that doth require much time to wit● and dry before it can be got in. Now when they have go●● the ears of their Corn, they may let the straw lie and d●● while without sustaining any great hurt, and after they may there it in and stack it up at leisure, when the season is more d●●  
FINIS.