GRAMMATICA Anglo-Latina. AN English and Latin GRAMMAR.  
The RULES composed in English and Latin Verse: For the greater Delight and Benefit of the LEARNERS,  
By James Shirley.  
Avia Piëridum peragro loca.  Lucret. 
LONDON, Printed for Richard Lowndes, at the Sign of the Unicorn on Ludgate-hill. 1651.   

TO The Right Honourable, WILLIAM Lord HERBERT.  
My Lord,  
THis Book, which took first life from your Acceptance, having since received strength and ornament from your influence, most humbly returneth to kiss your hand, and present the constant devotion of your Honourer.  
It hath met no unhappy entertainment abroad, though some, swayed by their implicit faith, think all to be Heresy that retains not the old letter; like those Islanders, who are so much in love with Antiquity, and the tract of their Predecessors, that they hold it impiety to sweep a Room, that hath contracted the dust of four Generations in their Family. Others, for want of leisure to peruse, or judgement to examine, will not hear of the leas● change, though it bring with it a nearer path to profit or knowledge.  
I am not so bold to call This a new way to Learning, since the Fundamentals are no other than consist with the integrity of the best Grammars. B● where I could facilitate the Method 〈◊〉 Rules, and in a hundred miles travel gain two parts of the way, I though I might do an acceptable service ● young Scholars, whose memories have been so long in persecution; for the Nouns and Verbs made perfect, upon which we raise the safest Structure there are not so many lines to be committed to Memory, as are contained ● those Latin Rules of Verbs, prescribed in the Ordinary Grammar.  
But here some may object, 
— Brevis esse laboro,  
Obscurus fio—  Too frequent a consequence of Com●endiaries; It will not become the modesty I have hitherto retained; to magnify my own, but I submit to the experience of clear and candid judgements, that small beam may be a conduct borough the whole edifice, though it ●ould be guided by a common Discipline.  
Next to the public benefit, my ●●oughts are ambitious, that these may obtain your Lordship's second ●ile upon them, which will be an encouragement to me, to improve the next Edition, with the access of that poetical Part, which concerneth Ver●●s and their Composition.  
Pardon, I beseech your Lordship, ●is boldness of renewing my addres●s to your Honour, whilst I prophesy ●om your early Dawne, the advancement of your Name to after ages, and in this, acknowledge it my happiness, if under the shade of your Morning, I may live, and write myself  
My Lord, Your most humble, and faithful Servant, James Shirley   

THE RUDIMENTS.  
Preface.  

Letters 22. in Latin.  
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. X. Y. Z. 
Capital.   
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. x. y. z. 
Small.    

Letters are 

vowels, or  
Consonants.     
A Vowel is a letter, 
Latin vowels five.  which maketh a perfect sound of itself, a. e. i. o. u and y. Greek.  

Of vowels put together are made Dipthongues,  
ae as musae. 
ae and oe are pronounced like e.   
oe as coelum.  
au as audio.  
ei as hei.  
eu as euge.   
A Consonant maketh a sound by the help of a Vowel, and they are, 
Consonants.   

Mutes.  Mutes, so called, because they make no sound of themselves, as b, c, d, f, g, h, p, q, t.  

Liquids'.  Liquids', because they melt and lose their force, as l, m, n, r, s.  

Double.  Double, because they have the force of two Consonants,  
as, z, x.  
[z] As it were compounded of d and s.  
[x] Of c and s, as ducs, or Dux ducis, or of g and s, as gregs, or grex gregis.  

j v.  To the Consonants may be added j and v when they are set before themselves, or other Vowels, in the same Syllable, as Juno, Vultus, where j sounds like a melting G, and V like a dry F.  

I  [I] Between two Vowels hath the nature of a double Consonant, as in major, pejor, contracted from majior, pejior, etc.  

U.  [U] Are never used at the end of a word in Latin.  

h.  [h] By some is rather held a note of asptration, or rough breathing, than any perfect letter; in Latin words h is put after c, and soundeth like k English, as charus.  

c.  [c] Before e or i, soundeth like an s, as in cedo, citò, before other Vowels like the English k, as cado, colo, cuprum.  
After [q] is always written u, as in qui, quondam, etc. 
q   
Every proper name, the beginning of a sentence, and every verse is to begin with a Capital.  
When great or Capital letters be placed alone, or but few, they signify either names or number.  

Names, as  
A. Aulus,  
C. Caius,  
D. Decius,  
L. Lucius,  
M. Marcus,  
P. Publius,  
Q. Qutrites,  
S. Senatus,  
T. Titus.  
C. M. Caesarea Majestas,  
D. D. Dono dedit,  
H S. Sestertius,  
P. C. Patres conscripti,  
R. P. Respublica,  
S. C. Senatus consultum,  
Cos. Consul,  
S. P. D. Salutem plurimam dicit,  
S. P. Q. R. Senatus populúsque Romanus.   

Number, as  
I. one, unus,  
IV. four, quatuor,  
V five, quinque,  
IX. nine, novem,  
X. ten, decem,  
XL. forty, quadraginta,  
L. fifty, quinquaginta,  
LX. threescore, sexaginta,  
XC. fourscore, octoginta,  
C. a hundred, centum,  
D. five hundred, quingenti,  
M.M. a thousand, mille.   

Of Letters are made Syllables.  
A Syllable is the comprehension of one Consonant, or more, with a Vowel pronounced with one breath; as, have.  
O-ti-um.  
The Syllable [ti] when a Vowel immediately followeth, is pronounced like [si.]  
Except,  

1. The word Tiara.  
2. When [s] cometh just before it, as justior.  

For mitti.  3. The Paragogicall Infinitive Mood, as mittier.  
4. In borrowed words, as politia.    

Rules and Notes concerning division and distinction of Syllables.  
1. A Consonant in words of many Syllables between two vowels, is joined to the later; as 

Do-mi-nus,  
Dominus.    
2. If a Consonant be doubled, the former belongeth to the precedent Vowel, and the other to the following; as 

annus,  
er-ror.    
3. Consonants which may be joined in the beginning of a word, are not to be separated in the middle, 
St. Sc. Ps. Pr. etc.  otherwise they are to be divided.  

stu-prum,  
tur-pis.   
But in words compounded, the Cosonants go with their part; as in 

obest,  
discors.    
According to these Rules, if any word, at the end of a line, for want of room, or conveniency, must be divided, let it be done with this mark called Hyphen,- as, 
Hyphen.  

— uxorius, etc.    
Sometimes a note or mark is set upon the end of a word, to difference it from another, 
Accentus gravis, `  that is written like it; as in multò the Adverb, to distinguish it from multo the Adjective; this is called a Grave, 
A grave accent. `  or sharp accent.  
Sometimes another mark is used when the Syllable is to be pronounced long, 
Accentus acutus, ´  by reason of enclyticall Conjunctions, que, ne, ve, or other enclyticall words, sis nam, etc. this note is used at the end of a word, 
acute accent. ´  and is called an Acute accent; as, 

itáne  
adésdum.    
Sometimes a note consisting of both these called a Circumflex, is placed over a Vowel, 
Circumflexus,  to show that it is long by nature, as amauêrunt, 
a circumflex.  or the contraction of two vowels, as quîs for queis.  
Sometimes two points are set over one Vowel before another for difference, as aër, 
Diaeresis. ¨  being a word of two syllables, and this called a note of Diaeresis.  
A note which showeth a Vowel cut off at the end of a word, and marked thus, [’] is called Apostrophes.  
vidistin ’, for vidistíne.  
A Parenthesis is when a word or more (not of essence to the speech) are shut up in two semicircles. ()  
A note of Interrogation, or Question is marked thus, [?]  
A note of exclamation, admiration, or sorrow, is marked thus, [!]  
A note of a long quantity, ¯  
The note of a short quantity, ˘  
Comma is a note of pausing, or breathing, when we read, marked thus, [,]  
A Semicolon is a note of longer pause, or stay, thus marked, [;]  
A Colon doth note some perfect sense expressed, but yet something more to be expected, marked thus, [:]  
A Period, or full point, declareth a final perfect sense, and concludeth with this mark, [.]   


EIght Parts, two Numbers, Cases six, to these  
Three Genders, five Declensions, three Degrees.  
Pronouns nineteen, four kind of Verbs, and they  
Three Persons through both Numbers do convey:  
Four Conjugations perfect Verbs receive,  
On which four Moods attend, and Tenses five.  
From race of Verbs four Participles flow;  
Three Gerunds we admit, and Supines two.  
These things well laid, three Concord's raise at la●●  
A structure, and the toil of Grammar's past.     

An English and Latin GRAMMAR.  
Grammar is the Art of speaking rightly.  

The Parts are, 

Etymology, and  
Syntax.     
Etymology is that part of Grammar which teacheth 〈◊〉 the Proprieties of several words, especially in the ●●fference of Terminations; and considereth all ●arts of speech.  

Eight parts of speech.  
EIght only Parts the wise Grammarians teach,  
Because in them we comprehend all speech.  


To all these parts belong Species which is form, and Figura figure.   
Noun, declined.  
Pronoun, declined.  
Verb, declined.  
Participle, declined.  
Adverb, undeclined.  
Conjunction, undeclined.  
Preposition, undeclined.  
Interjection, undeclined.   
Form is when a word is either original, and called Primitive, ●s Scio to know; or come from another, and called Derivative, as Scientia knowledge, derived from Scio. Figure is when ● word is either simple, as justus just, or compounded, as in●ustus unjust, compounded of in and justus.  

Two kinds of Nouns, Substantive or Adjective.  


Nouns Proper are all Proper Names, and are referred to one, as Thamisis the Thames: Common are used to all of the same kind, Fluvius a river.  NOuns Substantives the names of things declare,  
But Adjectives, what kind of things they are.  
The Substantives are known by [a] or [the;]  
The Adjectives alone imperfect be.   
A House, Domus; an ancient House, antiqua D●mus.   

Numbers Two.  


Some Nouns in the Singular may signify many, as Populus people, Grex a flock; these are called Collectives, and yet these are the Singular number, as being considered o●● People, one Flock.  ONe is the Number Singular, but all  
Above, we must the Plural number call.   
Homo a man; Homines mwn.   


1 Nominative. 2 Genitive. 3 Dative. 4 Accusative. 5 Vocative. 6 Ablative.  Cases six.  
THe Nominative before the Verb doth go;  
[Of] shows the Genitive; the Dative [too.]  
The Accusative after the Verb is placed,  
The Fift calls, Prepositions rule the last.   

Genders three.  

MAle, Female, Neuter, perfect Genders be:  
All others are compounded of these three.   
A Noun of the male or Masculine Gender, 
Gender is the difference of sex by nature, as they are male, or female; But by institution and Art words may be of the male, or female ●ender, and yet have no relation to sex, as Lapis a stone is m. Musa a song, is f. g.  as Vir ● man.  
A Noun of the female or Feminine Gender, as Mulier a woman.  
A Noun of the Neuter Gender, as Saxum a stone.  
A Noun of the Common Gender, is male, and female, and belongeth to both sexes, as Parens a father or mother.  
A Noun of the Doubtful Gender, is commonly Masculine or Feminine, as Dies a day; sometimes Masculine and Neuter, as Vulgus common people; and sometimes Feminine and Neuter, as Halec a ●erring.   

Declensions five.  

HIs true Declension every Noun will give  
From Termination of the Genitive.   
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In ae. in i in is. in us. in ei. As musae. viri. crinis. manus. rei.  
Musa is a Noun Substantive of the first Declension, and Feminine Gender.  

First Declension.  

Singulariter.  

Filia, and Nata a Daughter make the Dative, and Ablative Plural in is or in abus. Dea a goddess, Mula a mule, Equa a ma● Liberta a freed woman, in abus only.  Nom. mus a.  
Gen. must ae.  
Dat. mus ae.  
Acc. mus am.  
Voc. mus a.  
Abl. mus â.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. must ae.  
Gen. mus arum.  
Dat. mus is.  
Acc. must as.  
Voc. must ae.  
Abl. mus is.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. Grammatica.  
Gen. Grammaticae.  
Dat. Grammaticae.  
Acc. Grammaticam.  
Voc. Grammatica.  
Abl. Grammaticâ.   

vel  
Grammatice.  
Grammatices.  
Grammatice.  
Grammatione.  
Grammatice.  
Grammatice.   

Singulariter.  
N. Thomas.  
G. Thomae.  
D. Thomae.  
A. Thomam.  
V Thoma.  
A. Thoma.   

N. Anchises.  
G. Anchisae.  
D. Anchisae.  
A. Anchisam, vel Anchisen  
V Anchisa.  
A. Anchisa.    

Second Declension.  
Virro is a Noun Substantive of the second Declension, and Masculine Gender.  

Singulariter.  
Nom. Vir.  
Gen. Vir i  
Dat. Vir o.  
Acc. Vir 'em.  
Voc. Vir.  
Abl. Virro o.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Vir i  
Gen. Vir orum.  
Dat. Virro is.  
Acc. Vir os.  
Voc. Vir i  
Abl. Virro is.   

THe Nominative and Vocative agree,  
But when the second changeth [us] too [e.] 
Except Agnus a Lamb, Lucus a grove, Chorus a choir, Fluvius a river, ●opulus a people, Vulgus common people, which make their Vocatives in us sometimes.    

Singulariter.  
Nom. Dominus.  
Gen. Domini.  
Dat. Domino.  
Acc. Dominum.  
Voc. Domin e.  
Abl. Domino.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Domini  
Gen. Dominorum.  
Dat. Dominis.  
Acc. Dominos.  
Voc. Domini.  
Abl. Dominis.   

〈◊〉  
Nom. Deus.  
Gen. Dei.  
Dat. Deo.  
Acc. Deum.  
Voc. Deus.  
Abl. Deo.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Dii. 
Deus God. m.g.   
Gen. Deorum.  
Dat. Diis.  
Acc. Deos.  
Voc. Dii.  
Abl. Diis.   

●Rom proper names in [ius] if you take  
The final [us] their Vocatives you make.   

〈◊〉  
Nom. Cornelius.  
Gen. Cornelii.  
Dat. Cornelio.  
Acc. Cornelium.  
Voc. Corneli.  
Abl. Cornelio.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. Filius.  
Gen. Filii. 
F son.   
Dat. Filio.  
Acc. Filium.  
Voc. Fill i.  
Abl. Filio.   

●Ll Nouns which do the Neuter Gender claim, 
Nom. Accus. Voc.   
In the First, Fourth, and Fift Case are the same;  
● you decline them in the plural, they  
without exception do all end in [a.]   

Singulariter.  

Speculum a looking glass. n.g.  Nom. Specul 'em.  
Gen. speculi.  
Dat. speculo.  
Acc. specul 'em.  
Voc. specls 'em.  
Abl. speculo.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Specul a.  
Gen. speculorum.  
Dat. speculis.  
Acc. specul a.  
Voc. specul a.  
Abl. speculis.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. Orpheus.  
Gen. Orphei vel Orpheos.  
Dat. Orpheo vel Orphei.  
Acc. Orpheum, vel Orphea.  
Voc. Orpheu.  
Abl. Orpheo.    

Third Declension.  
Crinis Hair is a Noun Substantive of the third Declension and Masculine Gender.  

Singulariter.  

Some Nouns of the third, make their Accusative in in, as vim, ravim, tussim, sitim, Charybdim & amussim, and these make their Ablative in i. So do all the names of months in is and er. Septembri, Aprili; to which add pugili, and strigili. Neuters in ● all, and are, (except Gausape, praesepe, and proper names, as Pr●neste, etc. and far, hepar, jubar, nectar, make the Ablative in ● Ignis, unguis, suppellex, anguis, vectis, rus, make the Ablative in e and i.  Nom. Crinis  
Gen. crin is.  
Dat. crin i.  
Acc. crin 'em.  
Voc. crinis  
Abl. crin e.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Crin es.  
Gen. crin ium.  
Dat. crin ibus.  
Acc. crin es.  
Voc. crin es.  
Abl. crin ibus.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. Calcar.  
Gen. calcâris.  
Dat. calcari.  
Acc. calcar.  
Voc. calcar.  
Abl. calcari.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Calcaria.  
Gen. calcarium. 
Some Nouns make both 'em and in in Accusative, as febris, pelvis, buris, torquis, puppis, & securis. Turris, aqualis, navis, restis, bipennis, clavis; and these have e and i in the Ablative. Nouns which have the nature of Adjectives, as sodalis, annalis, rivalis, canalis, natalis, contubernalis, popularis, familiaris, iriremis, affini●, aedilis, most commonly have i in the Ablative. Nouns whose Ablative is in i only, or e and i, and Nouns not increasing in is and es, make inum in the Genitive Plural, except canis, ●avis, vates, juvenis, volucris, opes, ●pis, which make Canum, etc. When the Nominative singular ●nds with two Consonants, their Genitive Plural is in ïum, as urbs, urbium, etc. except hyemum, principum, forcipum, inopum, caelibum, aucupum, municipum, Arabum, Cyclopum.   
Dat. calcaribus.  
Acc. calcaria.  
Voc. calcaria.  
Abl. calcaribus.   

〈◊〉  
Nom. Poema.  
Gen. poematis.  
Dat. poemati.  
Acc. poema.  
Vocc. poema.  
Abl. poemate.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Poemata.  
Gen. poematum. 
Neuters in ma make their Genitive Plural by ●um, their Dative and Ablatives in is most usually, Neuters those Ablative ends in e, make the Nominative Plural in a, ●blatives in i make the Nominative Plural in ïa.   
Dat. poematis vel Poematibus.  
Acc. poemata.  
Voc. poemata.  
Abl. poematis vel Poematibus.   

〈◊〉  
Nom. Virtus.  
Gen. virtutis.  
Dat. virtuti.  
Acc. virtutem.  
Voc. virtus.  
Abl. virtute.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Virtutes. 
Virtus virtue, Sermo onnis speech Honour onris honour.   
Gen. virtutum.  
Dat. virtutibus.  
Acc. virtutes.  
Voc. virtutes.  
Abl. virtutibus.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. Aetas.  
Gen. Aetatis.  
Dat. Aetati.  
Acc. Aetatem.  
Voc. Aetas.  
Abl. Aetate.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Aetates.  
Gen. Aetatum.  
Dat. Aetatibus.  
Acc. Aetates.  
Voc. Aetates.  
Abl. Aetatibus.   

Singulariter.  

Silex incis a flint. Onus enris a burden. Crimen innis a fault. Lapis a stone.  Nom. Lapis.  
Gen. Lapidis.  
Dat. Lapidi.  
Acc. Lapidem.  
Voc. Lapi●.  
Abl. Lapide.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Lapides  
Gen. Lapidum.  
Dat. Lapidibus.  
Acc. Lapides.  
Voc. Lapides.  
Abl. Lapidibus.   

Singulariter.  

Pixis a box.  Nom. Pixis  
Gen. Pixidis vel does.  
Dat. Pixidi  
Acc. Pixidem vel da.  
Voc. Pixis.  
Abl. Pixide.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Pixides.  
Gen. Pixidum.  
Dat. Pixidibus.  
Acc. Pixides vel da●  
Voc. Pixides.  
Abl. Pixidibus.    

Fourth Declension.  
Manus a Hand is a Noun Substantive of the fourth Declension and Feminine Gender.  

Singulariter.  

Motus motion. Gradus a degree.  Nom. Man us.  
Gen. Man ûs.  
Dat. Man ui.  
Acc. Man 'em.  
Voc. Man us.  
Abl. Man u.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Man us.  
Gen. Man vum.  
Dat. Man ibus.  
Acc. Man us.  
Voc. Mqan us.  
Abl. Man ibus.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. arcus.  
Gen. arcus.  
Dat. arcui.  
Acc. arcum.  
Voc. arcus.  
Abl. arcu.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. arcus.  
Gen. arcuum. 
Lacus a lake, Specus a den, Tribus a stock, Partus a birth, Portus a haven, Artus limbs, Acus a needle, Quertus an oak, Ficus a fig, and Veru in the Plural Dative and Ablative, ubus.   
Dat. arc ubus.  
Acc. arcus.  
Voc. arcus.  
Abl. arc ubus.   

Singulariter.  
Nom. genu.  
Gen. genu.  
Dat. genu.  
Acc. genu.  
Voc. genu.  
Abl. genu.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. genua.  
Gen. genuum.  
Dat. genibus.  
Acc. genua.  
Voc. genua.  
Abl. genibus.    

Fifth Declension.  
Res is a Noun Substantive of the Fifth Declension and Masculine Gender.  

〈◊〉  
Nom. R es.  
Gen. R ei.  
Dat. R ei.  
Acc. R 'em.  
Voc. R es.  
Abl. R e.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. R es. 
Nouns of the third fourth and fifth Declension have the Nominative, Accusative and Vocative like in the Plural; the Dative and Ablative Plural are alike in the several Declensions.   
Gen. R erum.  
Dat. R ebus.  
Acc. R es.  
Voc. R es.  
Abl. R ebus.   

Singulariter.  

The ancicents did make the Genitive of this Declension in two, es, and e. Pernicii causa Cic. munera laetitiamque dii, die, dei, and the Dative hath been anciently in e.  Nom. Di es.  
Gen. di eï.  
Dat. di eï.  
Acc. di 'em  
Voc. di es.  
Abl. di e.   

Pluraliser.  
Nom. Di es.  
Gen. di erum  
Dat. di ebus.  
Acc. di es.  
Voc. di es.  
Abl. di ebus.    

The Termination of Cases in every Declension.  
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. N. a us, r 'em  us u es G. ae i is us eï D. a o i uï eï A. am 'em 'em, in 'em 'em V. musa vir crinis manus res A. â o e, i u e 
Pluraliter.  1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ae i es us es arum erum 'em, ium iium erum is is ibus bus ebus as os es us es ae i es us es is is ibus bus ebus   


Vetus old, ingens great, amans loving. When an Adjective hath but one ending in any Case, that word is of all Genders, as in felix, felicis, felici, etc.  Felix [happy] is a Noun Adjective of one Termination, and third Declension.  

Singulariter.  
Nom. Felix.  
Gen. felicis.  
Dat. felici.  
Acc. felicem.  
Voc. felix.  
Abl. felice, vel felici.   

Plurliter.  
Nom. Felice's, felicia.  
Gen. felicium.  
Dat. felicibus.  
Acc. felices, felicia.  
Voc. felices, felicia.  
Abl. felicibus.    

Tristis [sad] is a Noun Adjective of two Terminations, and third Declension.  

Singulariter.  
Nom. Tristis, triste.  
Gen. tristis.  
Dat. tristi.  
Acc. tristem, triste.  
Voc. tristis, triste.  
Abl. tristi.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Tristes, tristia. 
Suavis pleasant, humilis humble. When the Adjective hath two end in one case, the first is Masculine and Feminine, as priests, and the second Neuter, as triste.   
Gen. tristium.  
Dat. tristibus.  
Acc. tristes, tristia.  
Voc. tristes, tristia.  
Abl. tristibus.    

Bonus [good] is a Noun Adjective of three Terminations, of the second and first Declension.  

〈◊〉  
N. bonus, bona, bonum.  
G. boni, bonae, boni.  
D. bono, bonae, bono.  
A. bonum, bonam, bonum.  
V bono, bona, bonum.  
A. bono, bonâ, bono.   

Pluraliter.  
N. boni, bonae, bona. 
When the Adjective hath three divers end, the first is Masculine ●s Bonus, the second Feminine, as Bona, the third Neuter as ●onum, etc.   
G. bonorum, bonarum, bonorum.  
D. bonis.  
A. bonos, bonas, bona.  
V boni, bonae, bona.  
A. bonis.   

〈◊〉  
unus, one.  
N. unus, una, unum.  
G. unius.  
D. uni.  
A. unum, unam, unum.  
V une, una, unum.  
A. uno, unâ, uno.   

Pluraliter.  
alter, another, or either. 
So totus whole, solus alone, ullus any, uter whether, neuter neither. Vnus ●anteth the Plural unless it be joined with a word that wants the Singular.   
N. altar, altera, alterum.  
G. alterinus.  
D. alteri.  
A. alterum, alteram, alterum.  
V caret.  
A. altero, alterâ, altero.   

Singularire.  
Alius another.  
N. alius, alia, aliud.  
G. alîus.  
D. alii.  
A. alium, aliam, aliud.  
V caret.  
A. alio, aliâ, alio.   

Pluraliter.  
N. alii, aliae, alia.  
G. aliorum, aliarum, aliorum  
D. aliis.  
A. alios, alias, alia.  
V caret.  
A. aliis.   

Pluraliter.  

Duo and ambo are sometimes used for duos and ambos.  Duo two.  
N. duo, duae, duo.  
G. duorum, duarum, duorum.  
D. duobus, duabus, duobus.  
A. duos, duas, duo  
V duo, duae, duo.  
A. duobus, duabus, duobus.   

Pluraliter.  
Ambo both.  
N. ambo, ambae, ambo.  
G. amborun, ambarum, amborum.  
D. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.  
A. ambos, ambas, amb●  
V ambo, ambae, ambo.  
A. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.   

Pluraliter.  
Tres three  
Nom. tres, tria.  
Gen. trium.  
Dat. tribus.  
Acc. tres, tria.  
Voc. tres, trio.  
Abl. tribus.   

Pluraliter.  
Quatuor four.  
Nom. quatuor.  
Gen. quatuor.  
Dat. quatuor.  
Acc. quatuor.  
Voc. quatuor.  
Abl. quatuor.    


So Celer Silvester Pedester Campester Equester Paluster Volucer Celeber Saluber Alacer.  Acer [sharp] is a Noun Adjective of three Terminations, of the third Declension.  

Singulariter.  
Nom. acer, acris. acre.  
Gen. acris.  
Dat. acri.  
Acc. acrem, acre.  
Voc. acer, acris, acre.  
Abl. acri.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. acres, acria.  
Gen. acrium.  
Dat. acribus.  
Acc. acres, acria.  
Voc. acres, acria.  
Abl. acribus.     

Three degrees of Comparisons. 
The Positives and Superlatives are declined like Bonus. The Comparative and Superlative are form of the first case of their Positive in [i] as from duri the Genitive of durus by adding [or] and [us] are made the Comparative durior and Durius, and by adding s, and simus, durissimus the Superlative.   

THe Positive declares without excess;  
With the sign [more] Comparatives increase;  
By [most] the bold Superlatives are known,  
Beyond which there is no Comparison.   
P. Durus hard.  
C. Durior more hard.  
S. Durissimus most hard.  

An Adjective of the Comparative degree.  

Singulariter.  
N. Tristior, tristius.  
G. tristioris.  
D. tristiori.  
A. tristiorem tristius.  
V tristior, tristius.  
A. tristiore vel tristiori.   

Pluraliter.  
N. tristiores, tristiora  
G. tristiorum. 
Tristior more sad. Dulcior, sweeter.   
D. tristioribus.  
A. tristiores, tristiora  
V tristiores, tristiora  
A. tristioribus.    

Comparisons irregular,  

TO Adjectives in [o,] we may contrive  
By adding [rimus] their Superlative.   
Pulcher, fair, pulcherior more fair, pulcherrimus most fair.  

IF before final [us] a vowel be,  
Compare with [magis] and with [maximè.]   
Pius godly, magis pius, more godly, maximè pius, most godly.  

FRom facio, dico, loquor, volo, frame  
Comparisons, as if from [ens] they came.   

Maledicus, an evil speaker. 
Maledicens. Benevolens.   
Maledicentior.  
Maledicentissimus.   

Benevolus, kind.  
Benevolentior.  
Benevolentissimus.   


Munificens. Magniloquens.  Munificus, bountiful.  
Munificentior.  
Munificentissimus.   

Magniloquus, a great t●ker.  
Magniloquentior.  
Magniloquentissimus.    

Comparisons defective. These want the Positive.  

Prior, the former.  
Ocyor, swift.  
Deterior, worse.  
Penitior more inward.   

Primus, the first.  
Ocyssimus, most swift.  
Deterrimus, worst.  
Penitissimus, most inwar●    

These want the Comparative.  

Novus, new.  
Invitus, unwilling.  
Inclytus, famous.  
Diversus, different.  
Meritus, deserving.  
Sacer, holy.  
Falsus, false.  
Fidus, faithful.  
Nuperus, late.   

Novissimus, newest or l●  
Invitissimus, most.  
Inclytissimus, most.  
Diversissimus, most.  
Meritissimus, most.  
Sacerrimus, most.  
Falsissimus, most.  
Fidissimus, most.  
Nuperrimus, most.    

These want the Superlative.  

●exter, lucky.  
●nister, unlucky.  
●mus, fat.  
●veni, young.  
●nex, old.  
●clivis, steep.  
●nginquus, far.  
●lutaris, healthful.  
●pinus, careless.   

Dexterior, more.  
Sinisterior, more.  
Opinior, more.  
Junior, the younger.  
Senior, the elder.  
Declivior, more.  
Longinquior, more.  
Salutarior, more.  
Supinior, more.    

Some Adverbs, and Praepositions Compared.  

●pe, often.  
●ius, more often.  
●issime, most often.   

Diu, long.  
diutius, longer.  
diutissimè, most long.   

●ra, above.  
●erior, more above.  
●upremus the highest.   

Ultra, beyond. 
* Vel summus.   
ulterior, more.  
ultimus, the last.   

●ra, on this side.  
●rior, more.  
●mus, most.   

Prope, near.  
propior, more.  

* Thene● Proximio  proximus, nearest.   
●us, good. melior, better. optimus, best. ●lus, evil. pejor, worse. pessimus, worst. ●gnus, great. major, greater. maximus, great. ●vus, little. minor, less. minimus, least. ●uam wicked. nequior. nequissimus. ●es, rich. ditior. ditissimus. uterus, outward exterior. extremus, furthest ●erus, below. inferior. infimus. Superus, above. superior. supremus. Posterus, late. posterior. postremus. Facilis, easy. facilior. facillimus. Gracilis, small. gracilior. gracillimus. Humilis, humble. humilior. humillimus. 
Multi in the Plural many.  Similis, like. similior. simillimus. Agilis, nimble. agilior. agillimus. Multus, much. plus, more. plurimus.   

A Type of the degrees regular.  
 Sing. Plu. N. 

durus  
dura  
urum   

durior  
durius   

durissimus  
durissima  
durissimum   

duri  
durae  
dura   

duriores  
duriora   

durissimi  
durissima  
durissim●   G. 

ri  
● ae  
dur   durioris 

durissimi  
durissimae  
durissimi   

durorun  
durarun  
durorun   duriorun 

durissim●  
durissim●  
durissim●   D. 

ro  
durae  
duro   duriori 

durissimo  
durissimae  
durissimo   duris durioribus durissim● A. 

durum  
duram  
durum   

duriorem  
durius   

durissimum  
durissimam  
durissimum   

duros  
duras  
dura   

duriores  
duriora   

durissim●  
durissim●  
durissim●   V. 

dure  
dura  
durum   

durior  
durius   

durissime  
durissima  
durissimum   

duri  
durae  
dura   

duriores  
duriora   

durissimi  
durissim●  
durissim●   A. 

duro  
dura  
duro   

duriore vel  
duriori   

durissimo  
durissima  
durissimo   duris durioribus durissim●    

Pronouns nineteen.  

pronouns are words, 
Some are called Demonstratives, as Ego, tu, sui. Some Possessives, as meus, tuus ●s, noster, vester. Relative qui. Interrogatives, as cujas, cujus, quis.  that do supply the place  
Of Nouns, and have their Gender, Number Case.   
●o, tu, sui, ille, ipse, is,  
●c, iste, meus, tuus, suus, quis,  
●ui, noster, vester, nostras, vestras, some  
● Cujas add cujus, cuja, cujum.  
Ego is a pronoun of the first person.  

〈◊〉  
Nom. Ego I.  
Gen. mei of me.  
Dat. mihi.  
Acc. me.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. me.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Nos we.  
Gen. nostrum vel nostri us. 
Egomet, etc.   
Dat. nobis.  
Acc. nos.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. nobis.   
●u is a Pronoun of the second person, and spearin to one.  

〈◊〉  
N. Tu, you or thou.  
Gen. tui of thee.  
Dat. tibi.  
Acc. te.  
Voc. tu.  
Abl. te.   

Pluraliter.  
Nom. Vos ye. 
Tuimet, etc. Every Vocative case is of the second person.   
Gen. vestrum vel vestri.  
Dat. vobis.  
Acc. vos.  
Voc. vos.  
Abl. vobis.   
Ille is a Pronoun of the third person.  

Singulariter.  

All other Pronouns, and also Nouns are of the third Person, unless they be joined to ego, or tu.  He, she, that.  
Nom. Ille, illa, illud.  
G. illius of him or her.  
Dat. illi.  
Acc. illum, illam, illud.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. illo, illa, illo.   

Pluraliter.  
They, thos●  
Nom. Illi, illae, i●  
G. illorum, illarum, il●rum of them.  
D. illis to them.  
Acc. illos, illas, ill●  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. illis.   

Singulariter  

Ipse he. Ellum.  Nom. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum.  
Gen. ipsius.  
Dat. ipsi, etc.   

Singulariter.  
Acc. Ellum, ellam, ellum   

Pluraliter.  
Acc. elloes, ellas.   


Sui is a Pronoun reciprocal, that is it relateth to the person or thing that went last before. So Suus.  Singulariter. and Pluraliter.  
Nom. caret.  
Gen. sui of him or themselves.  
Dat. sibi.  
Acc. se.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. se.   

Singulariter.  
This.  

Nominative Istic, istaec, istoc. Accusative istunc, istanc, istoc. Ablative istoc. Accusative Plural isthaec. So Illic. Nominative Hicc● haeccine, hoccine. Accusative hunccine, hanccine, hoccine. Ab● hoccine, haccine, hoccine. Accusative Plural haeccine.  Nom. Hic, haec, hoc.  
Gen. hujus.  
Dat. huic.  
Acc. hunc, hanc, hoc.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. hoc, hac, hoc.   

Pluraliter.  
These.  
Nom. Hi, ha', hae●  
G. horum, harum, ho●  
D. his.  
Acc. hos, has, haec.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. his.   

〈◊〉  
He, she, that.  
Nom. is, ea, id.  
Gen. ejus, his, hers.  
Dat. ei.  
Acc. eum, eam, id.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. eo, eâ, eo.   

Pluraliter.  
These.  
Nom. two, eae, ea. 
The same, Nominative Idem eadem, idem. Genitive ejusdem, etc. behold him, or her, Accusative Eccum, eccam. Accusative Plura●●ter eccoes, eccas.   
G. eorum, earum, eorum their.  
D. iis, vel eyes.  
Acc. eos, eas, ea.  
Voc. caret.  
Abl. iis vel eyes.   

〈◊〉  
Which.  
N. Qui, quae, quod.  
G. cujus whose.  
D. cui.  
A. quem, quam, quod. whom.  
V caret.  
A. quo, quâ, quo, vel quî.   

Pluraliter.  
N. Qui, quae, quae. 
So, quilibet every one, quivis any one, quicunque whoso ever, quidam a certain.   
G. quorum, quarum, quorum.  
D. quibus, vel queis.  
A quos, quas, quae.  
V caret.  
A. quibus, vel queis.   

〈◊〉  
Who, what.  
N. quis, quae, quid  
G. cujus, whose.  
D. cui.  
A. quem, quam, quid.  
V caret.  
A. quo, quâ, quo.   

Pluraliter.  
N. qui, quae, quae. 
So, Ecquis who, but the other compounds make qua, quid, as si●s if any, siqua, siquid; aliquis, aliqua, aliquid, vel aliquod. Quis●m any, quisnam who, quisquam any one, quisque every one, ● declined like quis.   
G. quorum, quarum, quorum.  
D. quibus.  
A. quos, quas, quae.  
V caret.  
A. quibus.   

Singulariter.  
Whosoever, whatsoever.  
N. Quisquis, quicquid.  
G. cujuscujus.  
D. cuicui.  
A. quemquen, quicquid.  
V caret.  
A. quequo.   

Pluraliter.  
N. Quiqui.  
G. quorumquorum.  
D. quibusquibus.  
A. quosquos.  
V caret.  
A. quibusquibus.   
Meus my, tuus thine, suus his or their, noster our vester your, cujus whose, are declined like bonus except that meus in the vocative is mi, mea, meum.  
Nostras our countryman, or one of our side, v●stras your, etc. and cujas whose, etc. are decline like felix.   

Of Verbs Personal, four kinds; Active Passive, Neuter, Deponent.  


Verbs are called Personal, because they are declined with three persons in both numbers.  Verbs have their Mood, and Tense, and signify,  
Either to do, to suffer, or to be.   
Amare to love, amari to be loved, esse to be.  


Except sum and his compounds. Actives may take r, to be made Passive Personals, Verbs Neuter cannot; some Neuters signify Passively, and are called Neuter Passives, as vapulo I am whipped.  THe Active Verb doth signify to do  
So many the Neuter, both must end in [o.]   
Amo I love. Curro I run.  

IN [or] both Passive and Deponent run;  
To do deponent, Passive to be done.   
Amor I am loved. Loquor I do speak.  

Persons three.  

WIth Verbs three Persons in both numbers may  
Join and agree, I, Thou, He, We, Ye, They.   

Singul.  
Ego amo I love.  
tu amas thou lovest,  
ille amat he loveth.   

Plural.  
nos amamus we love  
vos amatis ye love.  
illi amant they love    

Moods four.  

●Ndicatives do ask or plainly show  
Without a sign, a reason false or true.   
Amat he loveth, amas tu dost thou love?  

●Mperatives we clearly understand  
Receive both name, and nature from command. 
Imperatives want the first persons.    
Ama love thou, monete vos do ye advise.  

MAy, might, would, should, make the Subjunctive known,  
Sometimes an Adverb or Conjunction.   
Si faciam if I do, ut videam that I may see, or let me see.  

●Nfinitives which [to] before them use  
Number and Person in their Mood refuse.   
Amare to love, possum facere I can do, or I am able to do.   

Gerunds three, Supines two.  

IN di, do, dumb, the Gerunds chime, and close:  
['em] the first Supine [u] the latter shows.   
Amandi of loving, amando in loving, amandum to love.  
Monitum to advise, monitu to be advised.   

Tenses five.  


Active signs, Do. Did. Have. Had. Shall or will.  FIve Tenses which their signs discover still,  
I do, I did, I have, had, shall or will.   
Present tense amo I do love.  
Preter-Imperfect amabam I did love.  
Preter-Perfect amavi I have loved.  
Preter-Pluperfect amaveram I had loved.  
Future tense amabo I shall or will love  
But if these signs come not before Verbs, they are Verbs of themselves, as  

I do facio, I did faciebam or feci, etc.  
I have habeo, I had habui.  
I will volo, I would velim, vellem, etc.  
I will not nolo, nolim; I would not nollem.  
I can possum, I could potui, etc. I might possem.  
I ought debeo, debui, deberem, etc.   

Passive signs, P. Am, art, is, are. I. Was, were, wert P. Have been. Pl. Had been. F. Shall or will be.  So likewise the signs Passive.  
Am, art, is, are, was, were, wert, Have been, Had been, Shall or will be.  
I am sum, sim. I was eram, essem. I have been fui.  
I had been fueram, fuissem. I shall or will be ero, fuero.   

Conjugations four.  
THe first hath [a] long before [re] and [ris,] 

as amanre  
amaris.    
●e] long the second Conjugation is, 

as monenrê  
moneris.    
●e] short is of the third a perfect sign, 

as legenre  
legenris.    
●ut with [i] long [io] the fourth decline.  

as audinre  
audiris.    

Verbs in O, of the four Conjugations, are declined after these examples.  
AMo, amas, amavi, amanre, amandi, do, dumb, amatum, amatu, amans, amaturus, to love.  
●oneo, moans, monui, monenre, monendi, do, dumb, monitum, monitu, monens, moniturus, to advise.  
●ego, legis, legi, legenre, legendi, do, dumb, lectum, lectu, legens, lecturus, to read.  
●udio, audis, audivi, audíre, audiendi, do, dumb, awm, auditu, audience, auditurus, to hear.   

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singulari.  
I do, thou dost, he doth.  
Am o, as, at.  
Mon eo, es, et.  
Leg o, is, it.  
And io, is, it.   

Plural.  
We do, ye do, they do.  
amus, atis, ant.  
emus, etis, enter.  
immus, intiss, unt.  
immus, intiss, junt.    

Preterimperfect tense  

Singular.  
I did, thou didst, he did.  
Am abam, abas, abat.  
Mon ebam, ebas, ebat.  
Leg ebam, ebas, ebat.  
And iebam, iebas, iebat.   

Plural.  
We did, ye did, they did.  
abamus, abatis, abant.  
ebamus, ebatis, ebant.  
iebamus, iebatis, iebant.    

Preterperfect tense.  

Singular.  
I have, thou hast, he hath. We have, ye have, they have.  
Amav i, isti, it. Plu. immus, istis, êrunt vel êre.  
Monu i, isti, it. Plu. immus, istis, êrunt vel êre.  
Leg i, isti, it. Plu. immus, istis, êrunt vel êre.  
Audiv i, isti, it. Plu. immus, istis, êrunt vel êre.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

Singular.  
I had, thou hadst, he had. We had, ye had, they had.  
Amave ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.  
Monue ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.  
Lege ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.  
Audive. ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.    

Future tense.  

Singular.  
I will, thou wilt, he will. We, ye, they.  
Am abo bis, bit. Plu. bimus. bitis, bunt.  
Mon ebo bis, bit. Plu. bimus. bitis, bunt.  
Leg am es, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.  
And iam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.   
The second person of this tense is used for the Imperative.    

Imperative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singular.  Love thou, let him Am a, anto tu ato ille Mon e, ento eto Leg e, into ito And i, into ito 
Plural.  love ye, let them. eaten, atote vos anto illi eat, etote ento inie, itote unto inte, itote iunto    

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singular.  
● may, thou mayst, he may. We, ye, they.  
Am 'em, es, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.  
Mon eam as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.  
Leg am as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.  
And iam as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.   
This tense supplies the first persons of the Imperative Mood, ●nd may be generally used for it, with the Conjunction ut, ●s ut videam let me see, cures have you a care, fiat let it be ●one, faciamus let us make, sitis be ye, valeant let them go▪ ●ere may be understood, velim, jubeo, fac, ut, etc.   

Preterimperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
● would or should.  
Am arem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.  
Mon enrem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.  
Leg enrem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.  
And irem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.    

Preterperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
● have.  
Amave rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Monue rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Lege rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Audive rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

Singular.  
I had.  
Amavis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.  
Monuis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.  
Legis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.  
Audivis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.    

Future tense.  

Singular.  
I shall.  
Amave ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.  
Monue ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.  
Lege ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.  
Audive ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.   
This tense is also used Imperatively.    

Infinitive Mood.  

Present tense and Imperfect tense.  
Am anre to love. Mon enre advise Leg enre read. And ire hear.   

Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect tense.  
Amav isse to have or had loved. Monu advised. Leg read. Audio herd.   

Future tense.  
Amatu rum esse vel fore to love hereafter. Monitu advise Lectu read Auditu hear  
Although the Infinitives in rum, and tum, were anciently used, when they answered without altering their termination, to every number and gender, as Credo inimicos meos dicturum, I believe that my enemies will say, yet they are not now in ●se with the best Authors, who supply this tense, by the Participles in rus, and tus, alterable in gender and number (of which Infinitive verbs are not capable,) as when we would say, ● promise that I will satisfy, instead of saying promitto quod ego ●●tisfaciam, (by plain concord) we say elegantly promitto me ●●tisfacturum, and so in the plural, nos vos aut illos satisfactu●s esse pollicemur, we promise that we, ye, or they shall satisfy; ●ae dixerunt se empturas, the women said they would buy; and ● in the neuter, by altering the gender, and number, to agree with the Substantive.    

Gerunds.  
Of loving in loving to love. 
●hese Gerunds are odom ●ed in the essive English.  Am andi ando andum Mon endi endo endum Leg endi endo endum And iendi iendo iendum.   

Supines.  
●at 'em. to love amat u. to be loved: ●nit advise Moni advised. ●t read Lect read. ●dit hear Audit heard.   

Participles.  
Present tense Future tense. 〈◊〉 ans loving amat urus to, or about to love. ●n ens advising monit advice. 〈◊〉 reading lectu reed. ●d iens hearing audit hear.  
Sum, es, fui, esse, futurus to be.   


So are the compounds of Sum declined, but prosum, where a vowel follows pro, takes [d] as prodes, prodest. Adsum make ades in the Imperative Mood.  Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
Sum I am.  
E● thou art.  
Est he is.   

Plural.  
Sumus we are.  
Estis ye are.  
Sunt they are.    

Imperfect tense.  

Singu.  
Eram I was.  
Eras thou wert.  
Erat he was.   

Plural.  
Eramus we were.  
Eratis ye were.  
Erant they were.    

Preterperfect tense.  

Singu.  
Fui, I have been.  
Fuisti thou hast been.  
Fuit he hath been.   

Plural.  
Fuimus we have been.  
Fuistis ye have been.  
fuêrunt vel fuêre they have been    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

Singu.  
Fueram I had been.  
Fueras thou hadst been.  
Fuerat he had been.   

Plural.  
Fueramus we had been.  
Fueratis ye had been.  
Fuerant they had been.    

Future tense.  

Singu.  
Ero I shall or will be.  
Eris thou shalt or wilt be.  
Erit he shall or will be.   

Plural.  
Erimus we shall.  
Eritis ye shall.  
Erunt they shall or wi● be     

Imperative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Sin.  
Esto tu be thou.  
Esto ille let him be.   

Plu.  
Estote vos be ye.  
Sunto illi let them be.     

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

〈◊〉  
Sim I may be.  
Sis thou mayst be.  
Sat he may be.   

Plural.  
Simus we may be.  
Sitis ye may be.  
Sint they may be.    

Imperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
Essem I was, would or should be.  
Esses thou wert.  
Esset he was.   

Plural.  
Essemus we were.  
Essetis ye were.  
Essent they.    

Preterperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
Fuerim I have been.  
Fueris thou hast.  
Fuerit he hath.   

Plural.  
Fuerimus we have been.  
Fueritis ye have been.  
Fuerint they have been.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
Fuissem I had been.  
Fuisses thou hadst.  
Fuisset he had.   

Plural.  
Fuissemus we had.  
Fuissetis ye had.  
Fuissent they had.    

Future tense.  

〈◊〉  
Fuero I shall or will be.  
Fueris thou shalt.  
Fuerit he shall.   

Plural.  
Fuerîmus we shall.  
Fuerîtis ye shall.  
Fuerint they shall.     

Infinitive Mood.  
Present and Preterimperfect tense esse to be.  
Perfect and Preterpluperfect Fuisse to have or had been.  
Future tense Fore vel futurm esse to be hereafter.   

Participle Future.  
Futurus to be, or, about, or ready to be.    

Verbs Passive of the four Conjugations.  
AMor, amanris vel amanre, [Amatus sum vel fui] Amari, amandus, to be loved.  
Moneor, monenris vel monenre, [Monitus sum vel fui] Moneri, monendus, to be advised.  
Legor, lengeris vel lengere, [lectus sum vel fui] legi legendus, to be read.  
Audier, audinris vel audinre, [auditus sum vel fui] audris, audiendus, to be heard.  

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singular.  
I am, thou art, he is.  
Am or, anris vel anre, antur.  
Mon eor, enris vel enre, entur.  
Leg or, enris vel enre, intur.  
And ior, iris vel ire, itur.   

Plural.  
We are, ye are, they are.  
ammur, amini, antur.  
emmur, emini, entur.  
immur, imini, untur.  
immur, imini, iuntur.    

Preterimperfect tense.  
Singulariter. Pluraliter. I was, thou wert, he was. We were. Am abar, abaris vel abare, abatur. bamur, bamini, bantur. 

Mon  
Leg   ebar, ebaris vel ebare, ebatur bamur, bamini, bantur. And iebar, iebaris vel iebare, iebatur iebamur, bamini, bantur.  
Verbs in [or] have properly no Preterperfect tenses no Preterpluperfect tenses, nor Future tense in the Subjunctive Mood, but these are supplied by the Nominative cases of the Participles of the Preter tense, (which have their several genders) and the tenses of the verb Sum; as when you would say I have been loved, it is circumlocuted by sum or fui I have been, and amatus loved.   

Preterperfect tense supplied.  

● have been, thou hast been, he hath been▪  
●matus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.  
●onitus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.  
●ectus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.  
●uditus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

had been, thou hadst been, he had been.  
●matus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.  
●onitus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.  
●ectus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.  
●uditus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.    

Future tense.  

shall or will be.  
Am abor benris, vel benre, bintur. Plu. bimmur, bimini, buntur  
Mon ebor benris, vel benre, bintur. Plu. bimmur, bimini, buntur  
Leg are enris vel enre, entur. Plu. emmur, emini, entur.  
And jar enris vel enre, entur. Plu. emmur, emini, entur.     

Imperative Mood.  

Present tense.  
●●ngulariter. Pluraliter. ● thou.        ● anre, antor tu antor ille amini vos antor illi ●n enre, entor etor emini entor ● enre, intor itor imini untor ●d inre, intor itor imini iuntor    

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singular.  
I may be.  
Am er, enris vel enre, entur. Plu. ēmur, emini, entur.  
Mon ear anris vel anre, antur. Plu. āmur, amini, antur.  
Leg ar anris vel anre, antur. Plu. āmur, amini, antur.  
Aud iar anris vel anre, antur. Plu. āmur, amini, antur.    

Preterimperfect tense.  

Singular.  
I was, would, or should be.  
Am arer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.  
Mon ērer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.  
Leg ērer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.  
Aud irer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.    

Preterperfect tense supplied.  

I have been.  
Amatus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.  
Monitus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.  
Lectus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.  
Auditus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.    

Preterpluperfect tense supplied.  

I had been.  
Amatus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve● fuisse●  
Monitus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve● fuisse●  
Lectus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve● fuisse●  
Auditus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve● fuisse●    

Future tense supplied.  

I shall or will be.  
Amatus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri●  
Monitus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri●  
Lectus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri●  
Auditus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri●     

Infinitive Mood.  

Present tense and Preterimperfect tense.  
Am ari to be loved. Mon eri advised. Leg i read. And iri heard.  
The Preterperfect, and Preterpluperfect tense is supplied by the Accusative cases of the Participle of the Preter tense, before the verb Infinitive esse or fuisse.   

Perfect and Pluperfect tense supplied.  
Amatum esse vel fuisse to have or had been loved. Monitum advised. Lectum read. Auditum herd.  
The Future tense is supplied by the Participle of the Preter tense before the Infinitive Passive iri, and this tense is resolved by the Accusative of the Participle in dus, amandum, ●m, 'em, esse. Plu. amandos, as, a.   

Future tense supplied.  
Amatum iri to be loved hereafter. Monitum advised ●ectum read ●uditum heard.   

Participles.  
●reter tense. Future tense. ●matus loved. Amandus to be loved. Monitus advised. Monendus advised. ●ectus read. Legendus read. ●uditus herd. Audiendus herd.     

Deponents are declined with the Gerunds, and Active Participles, first Supine.  

Participles of the Preter tense in Verbs deponents have Active and Passive signification, because the●● Verbs were anciently held common. Their participles in d● always signify passively. In Verbs deponents we may fant● a regular Active, to form the Perfect tense, as declining Hort● hortas, hortavi, etc. and from Hortatu to form Hortatus by adding s.  Horror, hortaris vel hortare, Hortatus sum ve● fui, Hortari, Hortandi, do, dumb, Hortatum Hortans, Hortaturus, Hortandus to exhort.  

Formation of Tenses.  
THe Present and Preterperfect tense are the t● principal tenses, from which the rest are forme●  

Presens cum prole.  The Preterimperfect tense is form of the Present tense.  


Indic.  Amabam of amo, by changing O into abam.  
Monebam of moneo by changing O into ebam.  
Legebam of lego by changing O into ebam.  
Audiebam of audio by changing O into ebam.   
The Future tense is form of the Present tense  

Amabo of Amo by changing O into abo.  
Monebo of Moneo by changing O into ebo.  
Legam of Lego by changing O into am.  
Audiam of Audio by changing O into am.   

●mper.  The Imperative Mood is form of the second person of the present tense, in three Conjugations.  

Ama from Amas by taking away s.  
Moon from Moans by taking away s.  
Audi from Audis by taking away s.  
Lege from legis by changing is into e.   

●bj.  The Subjunctive Present tense is form of the Indicative Present tense.  

Amem of Amo, by changing O into 'em.  
Moneam of Moneo by changing O into am.  
Legam of Lego by changing O into am.  
Audiam of Audio by changing O into am.   
The Subjunctive Imperfect tense is form of the Imperative Mood.  

Amarem of Ama by putting to rem.  
Monerem of Moon by putting to rem.  
Legerem of Lege by putting to rem.  
Audirem of Audi by putting to rem.   
Infinitive Present and Imperfect tense is form of the Subjunctive Imperfect tense.  

Amare from Amarem by taking away m.  
Monere from Monerem by taking away m.  
Legere from Legerem by taking away m.  
Audire from Audirem by taking away m.   
From the Preterperfect tense of the Indicative Mood in every Conjugation active are form the other tenses; 
●fectum ● prole.  as from Amavi, by changing i into eram, erim, issem, ero, isse, are made, Pluperfect. Indic. Amaveram. Perfect. Subj. Amaverim. Pluperf. Amavissem. Future Amavero. Inf. Per. & Plu. Amavisse.   

Passives formed.  


Indic.  Amor from Amo by adding [r.]  
Amabar from Amabam by changing [m] to [●]  
Amabor from Amabo by taking [r.]  

Imper.  Amare from Ama by adding re.  

Subj.  Amer from Amem by changing [m] into [●]  
Amarer from Amarem by changing [m] into [●]  

Infinite.  1 Amari from Amare by changing e into ●  
2 Moneri from Monere by changing e into ●  
4 Audiri from Audire by changing e into ●  
3 Legi from legere by changing ere into i    

Anomalies.  
Eo, to go.  

Queo I can, Nequeo I cannot, are declined like Eo, but that they want the Imperative Mood, Gerunds, and present Participle.  Eo, is, ivi, ire, eundi, do, dumb, itum, iens, itum  

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
Eo I go.  
Is thou goest.  
It he goeth.   

Plura.  
Imus we go.  
Itis ye go.  
eunt they go.    

Preterimperfect tense.  

Singu.  
Ibam I did go, or went.  
Ibas thou didst.  
Ibat he did.   

Plura.  
Ibamus we did.  
Ibatis ye did.  
Ibant they did.    

Preterperfect tense.  

Singu.  
Ivi I have gone, or went.  
Ivisti thou hast.  
Ivit he hath.   

Plura.  
Ivimus we have.  
Ivistis ye have.  
juêrunt vel iuêre o● ha●    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
Iveram I had gone.  
Iveras thou hadst.  
Iverat he had.   

Plura.  
Iveramus we had.  
Iveratis ye had.  
Iverant they had gone.    

Future tense.  

〈◊〉  
Ibo I shall, or will go.  
Ibis thou shalt, or wilt.  
Ibit he shall, or will.   

Plura.  
Ibimus we shall, or will.  
Ibitis ye shall, or will.  
Ibunt they shall, or will     

Imperative Mood.  

〈◊〉  
I, vel ito tu go you.  
Ito ille let him go.   

Plu.  
Ite vel Itote vos go you.  
Eunto illi let them go.    

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

〈◊〉  
Eam I go, or may go.  
Eas thou goest.  
Eat he goeth.   

Plura.  
Eamus we go.  
Eatis ye go.  
Eant they go.    

Preterimperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
Irem I did, would or should go.  
Ires thou didst.  
Iret he did.   

Plura.  
Iremus we did.  
Iretis ye did.  
Irent they did.    

Preterperfect tense.  

〈◊〉  
Iverim I have gone.  
Iveris thou hast.  
Iverit he hath.   

Plura.  
Iverimus we have.  
Iveritis ye have.  
Iverint they have.    

Preterpluperfect tense  

〈◊〉  
Ivissem I had gone.  
Ivisses thou hadst gone.  
Ivisset he had.   

Plura.  
Ivissemus we had.  
Ivissetis ye had.  
Ivissent they had.    

Future tense.  

〈◊〉  
Ivero I shall, or will.  
Iveris thou shalt.  
Iverit he shall.   

Plura.  
Iverimus we shall.  
Iveritis ye shall.  
Iverint they shall.     

Infinitive Mood.  
Present and Preterimperfect tense, Ire to go.  
Perfect and Pluperfect tense, Ivisse to have had gone.  
Future tense, Iturum esse to go hereafter.   

Gerunds.  
Eundi of going, Eundo in going, Eundum to go.  
Supine. Itum to go.   


The Genitive is euntis, and so in the Compounds.  Participles.  

Present, jens going.  
Future, Iturus to go.    


Of Potis and sum.  POssum, potes, potui, posse, to may or can, or be able.  
Volo, vis, volui, velle, volendi, do, dumb, Supi● caret, volens, to will, or to be willing.  

Ex non & Volo.  Nolo, nonvis, nolui, nolle, nolendi, do, dumb, Supi● caret, nolens, to will not, or to be unwilling.  

Ex magis & Volo.  Malo, mavis, malui, malle, malendi, do, dumb, Supi● caret, malens, to had rather, to wish rather, or pre●.  

Fero borrows a Preterperfect tense from an old Verb Tulo, and may be of the third Conjugation, admitting the Figure Syncope, in some tenses; Fers, fert, fertis, ferto, ferte, ferrem, far, for feris, ferit, fer● ferito, ferite, fererem ferere, and so in the Passive. Fio is a N●ter Passive, and borrows the Preterperfect tense supplie● Factus sum vel fui, the last Supine Factu, and the Participle ●dus, Faciendus, from the old Passive Facior, of Facio.  Fero, fers, tuli, far, ferendi, do, dumb, latum, l● Ferens, laturus, to bear, to bring, or report.  
Fio, fis, [factus sum vel fui,] fieri, factu, faciend● to be made or done.   

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
Possum I can, or may.  
Potes you may, or thou canst.  
Potest he may.   

Plura.  
Possumus we can.  
Potestis ye can.  
Possunt they can.    

Imperfect tense.  

I could.  
Sing. Poteram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.    

Perfect tense.  

● could.  
Sing. Potui, isti, it. Plu. Potuimus, istis, êrunt vel êre.    

Pluperfect tense.  

● had been able.  
Sing. Potueram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.    

Future tense.  

● shall be able.  
Sing. Potero, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.     

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

● may, or can.  
Sing. Possim, sis, sit. Plu. símus, sítis, sint.    

Preterimperfect tense.  

I could, or might.  
Sing. Possem, ses, set. Plu. semmus, sentis, sent.    

Preterperfect tense.  

● could.  
Sing. Potuerim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.    

Pluperfect tense.  

I had been able.  
Potuissem, ses, set.  
Potuissemus, setis, sent.    

Future tense.  

I shall be able.  
Sing. Potuero, ris, rit.  
Plu. rímus, rîtis, rint.     

Infinitive Mood.  

Present tense and Imperfect.  
Sing. Posse to can or be able.   

Perfect and Pluperf.  
Plu. Potuisse to have or had been.    

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
I will thou wilt he will.  
Volo, vis, vult.  
Nolo, nonvis, nonvult.  
Malo, mavis, mavult.   

Plura.  
we will ye will they will.  
Volumes, vultis, volunt.  
Nolumus, nonvultis, nolunt.  
Malumus, mavultis, malunt.    

Imperfect tense.  

Singu.  
I would.  
Volebam bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.  
Nolebam bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.  
Malebam bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.    

Preterperfect tense.  

Singu.  
I would.  
Volui isti, it. Plu. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.  
Nolui isti, it. Plu. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.  
Malui isti, it. Plu. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

Singu.  
I had been willing.  
Volueram ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.  
Nolueram ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.  
Malueram ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.    

Future tense.  

Singu.  
I will.  
Volam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.  
Nolam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.  
Malam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.     

Imperative Mood.  

Sing. Noli nolito do not thou  
Plu. nolite nolitote, do not ye.    

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
I will.  
Velim lis, lit. Plu. limus, litis, lint.  
Nolim lis, lit. Plu. limus, litis, lint.  
Malim lis, lit. Plu. limus, litis, lint.    

Preterimperfect tense.  

Singu.  
I would.  
Vellem les, let. Plu. lemus, letis, lent.  
Nollem les, let. Plu. lemus, letis, lent.  
Mallem les, let. Plu. lemus, letis, lent.    

Preterperfect tense.  

Singu.  
● would.  
Voluerim ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Noluerim ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Maluerim ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

Singu.  
● had been willing.  
Voluissem ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.  
Noluissem ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.  
Maluissem ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.    

Future tense.  

Singu.  
● will.  
Voluero ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Noluero ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.  
Maluero ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.     

Infinitive Mood.  

Present and Imperf.  

Velle to will.  
Nolle to will not.  
Malle to have rather.    

Perfect and Pluperf.  

Voluisse to have been willing.  
Noluisse to have been unwilling.  
Maluisse to have been more will.     

Participles.  

Present tense.  

Volens willing.  
Nolens unwilling.  
Malens more willing.     

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
Fero I bear.  
Fers thou bearest.  
Fert he beareth.   

Plura.  
Ferimus we bear.  
Fertis ye bear.  
Ferunt they bear.    

Imperfect tense.  

I did bear.  
Sing. Ferebam, bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.    

Preterperfect tense.  

I have borne.  
Sing. Tuli, listi, lit. Plu. limus, listis, lêrunt vel lêre.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

I had.  
Sing. Tuleram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.    

Future tense.  

I will.  
Sing. Feram, res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.     

Imperative Mood.  

Sin.  
Fer, ferto, bear thou.  
Ferto ille let him bear.   

Plu.  
Ferte, fertote vos, bear ye.  
Ferunto illi let them bear.    

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

I may.  
Sing. Feram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.    

Imperfect tense.  

I would.  
Sing. Ferrem, res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.    

Perfect tense.  

I have borne.  
Sing. Tulerim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.    

Pluperfect tense.  

I had.  
Sing. Tulissem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.    

Future tense.  

I will.  
Sing. Tulero, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.     

Infinitive Mood.  

Present tense and Imperfect.  
Far to bear.   

Perfect and Pluperfect.  
Tulisse to have, or had borne.    

Supines.  

Latum to bear.  
Latu to be borne.    

Participles.  

Pres. tense.  
Ferens bearing.   

Future tense.  
Laturus about to bear.    

Indicative Mood.  

Present tense.  

Singu.  
Fio I am made.  
Fis thou art made.  
Fit he is made.   

Plura.  
Fimus we are made.  
Fitis ye are made.  
Fiunt they are made.    

Imperfect tense.  

I was made.  
Sing. Fiebam, bas, bat.  
Plu. Fiebamus, batis, bant.    

Perfect tense supplied.  

Sing. Factus sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit.  
Plu. Facti sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuerê.    

Pluperfect tense supplied.  

I had been.  
Sing. Factus eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat.  
Plu. Facti eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.    

Future tense.  

I shall be.  
Sing. Fiam, fies, et. Plu. emus, etis, enter.     

Imperative Mood.  

Sin.  
Fito tu be thou made.  
Fito ille let him be made.   

Plu.  
Fitote vos be ye made.  
Fiunto illi let them be made    

Subjunctive Mood.  

Present tense.  

I may be.  
Sing. Fiam, as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.    

Imperfect tense.  

I would or should be.  
Sing. Fierem, res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.    

Preterperfect tense supplied.  

I have been.  
Sing. Factus sim vel fuerim, sis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit.  
Plu. Facti simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.    

Preterpluperfect tense.  

I had been.  
Sing. Factus essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset.  
Pl. Facti essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent vel fuissent.    

Future tense.  

I shall be.  
Sing. Factus ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit.  
Plu. Facti erimus vel fuerîmus, eritis vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fuerint.     

Infinitive Mood.  

Pres. and Imperfect.  
Fieri to be made.   

Perf. et Pluperfect supplied.  
Factum esse vel fuisse to have or had been made.   

Future tense supplied.  

Factum iri vel to be made hereafter.  
faciendum esse to be made hereafter.     

Participles.  

Preter tense.  
Factus made.   

Future tense.  
Faciendus to be made.     


Impersonals have commonly the sign [it] before their English.  Impersonal Verbs.  

IMpers'nall through all Tenses you will find,  
Like a Third person singular declined.   

Placet it pleaseth.  
Indic. Placet, placebat, placuit, placuerat, placebit.  

The Participle joined with the anxiliar Verb est in the Impersonal Passives is always used Neuter. Verbs Neuter may be Impersonal Passive, and answer to all persons by understanding an Ablative with a Preposition, as itur a me, te, illo, id est, Eo, is, it, it is gone by me, thou, him, that is, I go, thou goest, he goeth, etc. When a deed is signified to be done by many, the Neuter Impersonal is elegant, as curritur i.e. omnes concurrunt, they all run.  Sub. Placeat, placeret, placuerit, placuisset, placuerit.  
Inf. Placere, placuisse.   

Passive Impersonall Itur.  
Indic. Itur, ibatur, itum est vel fuit, itum erat vel fuerat, ibitur.  
Sub. Eatur, iretur, itum sit vel fuerit, itum esset vel fuisset, itum erit vel fuerit.  
Inf. Iri.    

Participles four.  


Participles are so called of taking part of a Noun, and part of a Verb. They differ not from Adjectives in nature, but that they signify with time, as amans loving, hath relation to the present time or tense, etc.  Derived from Verbs, declined like Nouns are all  
Those parts of speech we Participles call.   


Participles of the Present ●ense are declined like Felix. If the word in [ing] have [a] or ●he] before it, it is a Noun Substantive, as Lectio a reading.  A Participle of the Present tense  
Hath [ing] in english, latin [ans] or [ens].   


Participles in [us] ●re declined like ●●onus.  BY d, t, n, the Perfect tense is known,  
In tus, sus, xus, all the Latins run.   

Loved, seen, knit.  
Amatus, visus, nexus.   

TO do the Future signifies in [rus]  
And to be done the Future tense in [does.]   

Amaturus to love.  
Amandus to be loved.   

Participles form.  


The Participle of the Pre●ent tense.  Amans from Amabam by changing [bam] into [●●s.]  
Monens from Monebam by changing [bam] into [●●s.]  
Legens from Legebam by changing [bam] into [●●s.]  
Audience from Audiebam by changing [bam] into [●●s.]  
Amaturus from Amatu by adding [rus.]  

Future active.  Moniturus from Monitu by adding [rus.]  
Lecturus from Lectu by adding [rus.]  
Auditurus from Auditu by adding [rus.]  

●reter ●ense Participle.  Amatus from Amatu by adding [s.]  
Monitus from Monitu by adding [s.]  
Lectus from Lectu by adding [s.]  
Auditus from Auditu by adding [s.]  

●uture ●assive.  Amandus from Amans by changing [s] into [does.]  
Monendus from Monens by changing [s] into [does.]  
Legendus from Legens by changing [s] into [does.]  
Audiendus from Audience by changing [s] into [does.]      

Adverbs.  

ADverbs are parts of speech which must be joined  
In construing next to Verbs to show their mind.   

A Longè 
A Far of.  Abhinc 
from hence.  abunde 
sufficiently.  adco 
so.  actutùm 
presently.  adversum 
against.  adhuc 
as yet.  ad summùm 
at the most.  aedipot 
truly.  aegre 
very hardly.  aeque ac 
as well as.  affatim 
plentifully.  age 
go to.  aliò 
to another place.  alià 
another way.  aliorsum 
somewhere else.  aliquando 
sometimes.  alias 
at another time.  aliter 
otherwise.  aliquà 
any way.  alibi 
else where.  aliquò 
any whether.  aliunde 
from another place.  aliquoties 
at some time.  aliquanto 
a little more.  alioquin 
otherwise.  aliquousque 
part of the way.  amabò 
I prithee.  anglicè 
in english.  auspicatim 
luckily.  ad postremùm. 
at last.   

B.  Been 
WEll.  Bis 
twice.  ●ifariam 
two ways.   

C.  CAsù 
BY accident.  Cariùs 
dearer.  ●nties 
an hundred times.  ●elitus 
from heaven.  to 
quickly.  ●anculum 
privily.  ●nsunctim 
jointly.  ominous 
near hand.  ●as 
to morrow.  ●r 
why.  ●festim 
presently.  ●cum, circa 
round about.  ●tatim 
contentiously.   

D.  DEorsum 
DOwnward.  deinde 
after that, then.  ●inc 
from hence.  ●ique 
finally.  ●num 
at last.  ●uper 
from above.  ●ies 
ten times.  ●ctrorsum 
on the right hand.  〈◊〉 
a long time.  ●tius 
longer.  ●●ec 
until, while.  ●dum 
a while ago.  ●mmodo 
so that.  solicitor 
doubly.   

E.  EContrariò 
ON the other side.  ecastor 
verily.  ecce 
behold.  eminus 
a far off.  ehodum 
hark.  elonginquò 
a great way off.  eodem 
to the same place.  et caetera 
and so forth.  eò 
thither.  estò 
suppose it be so.  extempore 
without study.  extrinsecus 
within.  extemplo 
immediately.   

F.  FOras 
ABroad.  foris 
from abroad.  funditus 
utterly.  frustra 
in vain.  fortè, forsan 
happily, by chance.  furtìm 
by theft.   

G.  GRegatim 
BY flocks.  graviter 
grievously.  gnaviter 
diligently.   

H.  HIc 
HEre.  hàc 
this way.  hand 
not.  heri 
yesterday.  hinc 
from hence.  huc, hucusque 
hither, hitherto.  hodie 
to day.  horsum 
to this point.  ●ectenus 
thus far.  ●rcle 
truly.   

I.  ●Am 
NOw, already, a while since.  Jampridem 
long since.  ●ndiu 
heretofore.  ●mdudum 
there.  〈◊〉 
thereabouts.  ●c 
thither.  ●●c. 
that way.  ●●c 
within.  ●rò 
also.  ●n 
again.  ●um 
in the mean time.  ●trea, interim 
yea, nay, rather.  〈◊〉 
sometime.  ●rdum 
first of all.  ●rimis 
by turns.  ●icem 
earnestly.  ●●nsè 
in the same place.  ●em 
within.  ●es 
below.  ●rnè 
from thence.  〈◊〉, illinc 
from the same place.  ●dem 
from day to day.  ●es 
in the day time.  adieu 
divers times.  ●tidem 
in like manner.  ●em 
in vain.  ●ssum 
scotfree.  ●●ne 
within.  ●nsecus 
in jest.   

L.  LAtinè 
IN Latin.  latè 
largely.  levorsum 
on the left hand.  leviuscule 
slightly.  licitò 
lawfully.  licenter 
over freely.  libenter 
willingly.   

M.  MAnè 
IN the morning.  magis 
more.  maximè 
especially, yes.  medius fidius 
i'll be sworn.  memoriter 
by hart.  minimè 
no, least of all.  minus 
lesse.  millies 
a thousand times  multò, multùm 
much.  modò 
only, so that.  multifariam. 
many manner of wa●   

N.  NAE 
TRuly.  necubi, nullibi 
none here.  neutrò 
on neither side.  nequo 
no whither.  nequaquam 
not, by no means.  neutiquam, non 
not at all, not.  nequando 
jest at any time.  nempe 
to wit.  nec non 
and.  nimis nimiùm 
too much.  nimirum 
indeed, that is.  novissimè 
last, newly.  nominatim 
by name.  nondum 
not yet.  ivies 
nine times.  ●diustertius 
t'other day.  ●squam 
no where.  ●per 
of late.  ●nquam 
never.  ●m, numquid 
what.   

O.  OSi 
OH that.  octies 
eight times.  ●im 
once upon a time.  ●mifariam 
every way.  ●osè 
at leisure.  ●●nino 
wholly.  ●iatim 
from door to door.  ●pidatim 
from town to town.   

P.  ●Arum parumper 
A Little.  ●ssim 
every where.  writer 
equally alike.  ●lam 
openly.  ●culatim 
by little and little.  ●ssum 
underfoot.  ●trendie 
two days hence.  ●culisper 
a little while.  ●detentim 
by steps.  ●ne 
almost.  ●erinde ac 
as well as.  ●e●egre 
to, or from a far country.  ●erquam 
very.  ●enitus 
deeply.  ●erunque 
for the most part.  ●otissimum 
especially.  ●ostridie 
the day after.  ●lus minus 
more or less.  plurimùm 
very much.  plus satis 
more than need.  porro 
moreover.  posthaec 
after this.  pol 
indeed.  potius 
rather.  prohè 
very honestly.  pridem 
a while since.  pridie 
the day before.  prorsus 
altogether.  profectò 
truly.  propemodum 
willingly.  praesertim 
chiefly.  praestò 
at hand.  procul dubiò 
doubtless.  protinus 
forthwith.  procul 
far of.  prout 
according to  praeterea 
beside.  propterea 
therefore.  priusquam 
before that.  punctim 
punctually.  praecipitanter 
headlongly.   

Q.  QUà 
WHich way.  quasi 
as if, as it were.  quamdiu 
how long, as long as.  quampridem 
how long since.  quare 
wherefore.  quam òbrem 
for what reason  quàm 
as, then.  quamdudum 
how long ago.  quamprimum 
as soon as.  quando 
when.  quantùm 
how much, as much as.  quaquà 
which way soever.  ●uandoque 
sometimes.  ●ualiter 
after what manner.  ●uater 
four times.  ●uemadmodum 
as.  ●uin 
but.  ●uidni 
why not.  ●uò 
whither.  ●uovìs 
where you will.  ●uoquo versum 
which way soever.  ●uoties 
as often as.  ●uotannis 
every year.  ●uodammodo 
after a sort.  ●uousque 
how far? until.  ●uotidie 
daily.  ●uorsum 
to what purpose.  ●uomodo 
how?  ●uinimo 
nay rather.  ●uinquies 
five times.  ●uoliescunque 
as often as.  ●uoquam 
wheresoever.   

R.  RArò 
SEldome.  radicitus 
by the root.  ●aptim 
hastily.  repent 
suddenly.  ●etrorsum 
backwards.  ●ecens 
fresh, new.   

S.  SAt, satis 
ENough, sufficiently.  satiùs 
better.  ●aepe 
often.  ●ecundò 
the second time.  ●erò 
late.  ●ensim 
by degrees.  ●exties 
six times.  semel 
once.  seorsim 
aside, privately.  seriò 
in earnest.  secùs 
otherwise.  semel atque iterum 
once or twice.  septies 
seven times.  semper 
always.  saepenumero 
oftentimes.  siquà 
if any way.  simul 
together.  simulac 
also, as.  sigillatim 
one by one.  sicut 
as.  sicubi 
if any where.  sinistrorsum 
on the left hand.  scilicet 
that is to say.  solùm 
only.  sodes 
insooth.  susque deque 
hand over head.  supernè 
from above.  subinde 
now and then.  spontè 
voluntarily.   

T.  TAm 
AS, as well.  tantisper 
so long.  tantùm 
only.  tantundem 
so much.  tandem aliquando 
at length.  tanquam 
as.  tantidem 
just so much.  ter 
three times.  totiès 
so often.   

U.  UBi 
WHere.  ubicunque ●bi ubi 
wheresoever.  ●bivis 
where you will.  ●esperi 
in the evening.  ●idelicet 
that is.  ●squam 
any where.  ●ndelibet 
from whence you will.  ●sque adeo 
until unto.  ●nà 
together.  ●●inam 
I would to God.  ●niversim 
generally.  ●nquam 
ever, at any time.  ●ltro 
freely.  ●nde 
from whence.  ●troquè, utrobique 
on both sides.  ●ltro citroque 
to and again.  ●icissim 
in like manner.  ●x 
scarce.  ●iritim 
man by man.  ●icies 
twenty times.     

Conjunctions.  

COnjunctions may be called the chains of sense;  
And some do couple Cases, Moods, and Tense.   

Copulative.  
ATque, ac, et, que 
ANd.  ●an 
or.  ●am 
then.  ●m, tum 
both, also.  ●am, item, quoque 
also.  ●si 
unless.  ●ut, ve, vel, seu, sive 
or either.  ●aeterquam 
except.  ●●c, neque 
nor neither.    

Enclyticall.  
Such as are always joined to the end of other words.  
que 
and.  ne 
not.  ve. 
or.   
attamen, tamen 
but, nevertheless.  alioquin 
otherwise.  an, anne 
whether.  autem, hast, atqui, sed 
but.  cùm 
when.  caeterùm 
but.  enimvero 
truly.  etsi, etiamsi, quanquam 
although.  enim, namque 
for.  eatenus 
so far.  insuper 
over and above.  ideo, igitur, itaque 
therefore.  licèt 
although.  necne 
whether or no.  ni 
unless.  quòd 
that, because.  quatenus 
so farforth as.  quia, quip, quoniam 
because.  quandoquidem 
since that.  saltem 
at least.  siquidem 
if so be.  tunc 
then.  tum 
then.  utrum 
whether.  ut 
as, that.  ut cunque 
howsoever.     

Prepositions.  

Some Prepositions are often put after their cases by Anastrophe, cum, versus, penes, temes.  ALL Prepositions have their natural place  
Before, and must be construed with their case.  

These govern the Accusative.  
AD 
TO, at, near.  ante 
before  apud 
at, according to which.  aversus, adversùm 
against.  Cis 
on this side.  citra 
without.  circum, circa 
about.  circiter 
about, near.  Extra 
without.  ergà 
toward.  Intrà 
within.  infra 
beneath.  inter 
between.  juxta 
near, according to  in 
into, upon, against, for, until.  Ob 
by reason of, for.  Per 
by or through.  ponè 
behind.  penes 
in the power of.  praeter 
beside.  propter 
for.  prope 
nigh.  post 
after.  Supra 
above.  sub 
before, about.  super 
beyond, above.  secundùm 
after, next to.  secus 
by.  trans 
over, beyond.  versus 
towards.  usque 
until, to.  ultra 
beyond.    

These govern the Ablative.  
A, Ab, abs 
FRom, after, since.  absque 
without.  coram 
before, in presence of.  cum 
with.  de, e, ex 
concerning, of, from.  in 
among, in.  pro 
for, instead of.  prae 
above, by reason of.  sine 
without.  sub 
under, in, at.  super 
of, upon, touching.  tenus 
up to, even to.    

These govern Accusative and Ablative.  
Clam 
privately.  Subter 
under.     

Interjections.  

IMperfect voices Interjections are,  
Which sudden passions of the mind declare.   
A Page 
Hence, begon.  at at 
ha'.  ab abime 
alas, ah me!  au 
peace, hist.  cheu, lui 
alas.  euge, eja 
well done.  eho, heus 
hark.  ehem, him 
here. hum!  evax, ïo 
heida.  oh, oh, proh 
oh, alas.  malùm 
with a mischief.  vah, hui, fie 
pish, fie.  vae 
alack, woe to.     

Concord's Three.  

1. 
Whatsoever answers to the question who or what is the Nominative Case to the Verb, the Substantive to the Adjective, and Antecedent to the Relative; and if be not one casual word, it is declined like the Noun Invariable Genu, Neuter.   

VErbs with their Nominatives true Concord make,  
When they the same Number, and Person take.   
God blesseth  
Virtue is commended.   

2.  

THe Adjective and Substantive embrace,  
Confined to equal Gender, Number, Case.   
A modest young man.  
A rolling stone.   

3. 
The Relative doth not agree in Case, which either cometh before the Verb immdiately, or if any word come between, it is ruled like another Noun, saving that it keepeth his own place, and is governed of the word which followeth it.   

THe Antecedent and the Relative,  
Must the same Gender, Number, Person give.   
The man which worketh, deserves a reward.  
They are not your friends, whom you love.   

4.  

THe Case and Tense, which doth the question frame,  
In every answer ought to be the same▪   
Q. Quod est tibi nomen? R Jacobus What is your name? Ja. Q. Cujus nominis es? R Jacobi Of what n. are you? Ja. Q. Cui nomini respondes? R Jacobo To what n. answer you? Ja. Q. Quod nomen habes? R Jacobun What n. have you? Ja. Q. Quo nomine appellaris? R Jacobo. By what n. are you called. Ja.  

Q. Quot annos natus es? 
How old are you?  R. Quindecim, viginti. 
Fifteen, twenty.  Q. Quotum annum agis? 
What year do you go upon?  R. Nonum, decimum, etc. 
The Ninth, tenth, etc.  Q. Quam scholam adis? 
What School do you go to?  R. Paulinam, Westmonasteriensem, Scholam Domini S. 
Paul's School, Westminster, Mr. S. School.  Q. Qua Scholâ versaris? 
In what School do you converse.  R. Scholâ Westmonasteriensi Scholâ D. S. 
Westminster School, in the School of Mr. S.  Q. Quem librum legis? 
What book do you read;  R. Grammaticam, Erasmum, Fabulas, Aesopi, Virgilium: 
Grammar, Erasmus, Esop's Fables, Virgil.  Q. Quota est hora? 
What hour is it?  R. Prima, secunda, etc. 
The first, second, etc.  Q. Cujas es? 
What Countryman are you?  R. Anglus, Gallus, Cambro-Britannus, vestras. 
An Englishman, a Frenchman, a Welshman, your Countryman.    
Here I thought fit to add the questions and answers that may enable young Scholars to answer in Latin when they are examined in their Lessons.  
Q. Quae pars Orationis est ()? 
What part of speech is ()?  R. Est Nomen Substantivum, Proprium, Commune. 
It is a Noun Substantive,  Q. Cujus Declinationis? 
Proper, Common.  R. Primae Declinationis. 
Of the first Declension.  R. Secundae Declinationis. 
Second Declension.  R. Tertiae Declinationis. 
Third Declension.  R. Quartae Declinationis. 
Fourth Declension.  R. Quintae Declinationis. 
Fifth Declension.  Q. Quomodo inflectis? Cujus Generis? 
How do you decline it? Of what Gender?  R. Masculini Generis. 
Of the Masculine Gender.  R. Foeminini Generis. 
Feminine Gender.  R. Neutrius Generis. 
Neuter Gender.  R. Communis Generis. 
Common Gender.  R. Dubii Generis. 
Doubtful Gender.  Q. Quale Proprium? 
What Proper name?  R. Est proprium nomen. 
It is the proper name.  R. Viri. 
Of a man.  R. Foeminae. 
Woman.  R. U●bis. 
City.  R. Regionis. 
Kingdom.  R. Insulae. 
Island.  R. Fluminis. 
River.  R. Venti. 
Wind.  R. Arboris. 
Tree.  R. Mensis. 
Month.  Q. Cujus Casus, Numeri & Personae? 
Of what Case, Number and Person.  R. Nominativi Casus. 
Of the Nominative Case.  R. Genitivi Casus. 
Genitive Case.  R. Dativi Casus. 
Dative Case.  R. Accusativi Casus. 
Accusative Case.  R. Vocativi Casus. 
Vocative Case.  R. Ablativi Casus. 
Ablative Case.  R. Singularis Numeri. 
Of the Singular Number.  R. Pluralis Numeri. 
Plural Number.  R. Primae Personae. 
Of the First person.  R. Secundae Personae. 
Second person.  R. ●ertiae Personae. 
Third person.  Q. Quare? 
Why?  R. Praecedit verbum. 
It comes before the Verb.  R. Sequitur verbum. 
It followeth the Verb.  R. Regitur a Verbo, Adjectivo. 
It is governed of the Verb, adjective  R. Est Posterius duorum Substantivorum. 
It is the latter of two Substantives.  R. Diversae ejusdem significationis. 
Of a divers the same signification.  R. Significat spacium loci. 
It signifies the space of place.  R. Est proprium loci in quo 
It is the proper name of a place. In or at which.  R. Est proprium loci ad quem 
It is the proper name of a place. To which.  R. Est proprium loci a quo 
It is the proper name of a place. From which.  R. Est proprium loci per quem. 
It is the proper name of a place. By which.  R. Significat speciem spacium temporis. 
It signifies the kind, part or space. of time.  R. Significat membrum in quo Passio. 
It signifies the member where in is a passion.  R. Significat laudem Rei. 
It signifies. Praise. of a thing  R. Significat vituperium Rei. 
It signifies. Dispraise. of a thing  R. Significat instrumentum 
It signifies the Instrument  R. Significat causam 
It signifies the Cause.  R. Significat modum rei. 
It signifies the Manner.  R. Ponitur absolutè in Ablativo. 
It is put in the Ablative absolute.  R. Est nomen precii. 
It is the word of price.  Q. Per quam regulam? 
By what rule?  R. Est Adjectivum unius terminationis. 
It is an Adjective of one termination.  R. Duarum terminationum. 
Of two terminations  R. Trium terminationum. 
Of three terminations  R. Coheret cum Substativo. 
It agrees with the Substantive  R. Ponitur Substantiuè. 
It is put Substantively.  Q. Cujus gradus Comparationis? 
Of what degree of Comparison?  R. Positivi Gradus. 
Of the Positive degree  R. Comparativi Gradus. 
Comparative degree  R. Superlativi Gradus. 
Superlative degree  Q. Quomodo comparatur? 
How is it compared?  R. Est verbum Personale 
It is a Verb Personal.  R. Est verbum Impersonale 
It is a Verb Impersonal.  R. Est verbum Activum 
It is a Verb Active.  R. Est verbum Neutrum 
It is a Verb Neuter.  R. Est verbum Passivum 
It is a Verb Passive.  R. Est verbum Neutro Passivum. 
It is a Verb Neuter Passive.  R. Est verbum Deponens 
It is a Verb Deponent.  R. Est verbum Anomalum 
It is a Verb Irregular.  R. Est verbum Defect vum 
It is a Verb Defective.  R. Conjugationis Primae 
Of the First Conjugation.  R. Conjugationis Secundae 
Of the Second Conjugation.  R. Conjugationis Tertiae 
Of the Third Conjugation.  R. Conjugationis Quartae. 
Of the Fourth Conjugation.  Q. Cujus Modi, Temporis, Numeri, & Personae? 
Of what Mood, Tense, Number and Person?  R. Indicativi Modi. 
Of the Indicative Mood  R. Imperativi Modi. 
Of the Imperative Mood  R. Subjunctivi Modi. 
Of the Subjunctive Mood  R. Infinitivi Modi. 
Of the Infinitive. Mood  R. ●raesentis Temporis. 
Of the Present Tense.  R. ●mperfecti Temporis. 
Of the imperfect Tense.  R. ●erfecti Temporis. 
Of the Perfect Tense.  R. ●lusquam perfecti Temporis. 
Of the Pluperfect Tense.  R. ●uturi Temporis. 
Of the Future Tense.  R. ●oheret cum Nominativo. 
It agrees with the Nominative.  R. ●st posterius duorum Verborum. 
It is the latter of two Verbs.  Q. Quae sunt? 
Which are?  R. ●rimae Personae 
The First Persons  R. ●ecundae Personae 
The Second Persons  R. ●ertiae Personae 
The Third Persons  R. Personae Singulares. 
Sing. Persons  R. Personae Plurales. 
Plur. Persons  R. Imperativus deest. 
The Imperative is wanting.  R. Imperativus caret prima Personâ. 
The Imperative wants the first Person.  R. Caret praeterito. 
It wants the Preterperfect tense  R. Caret Supinis. 
It wants the Supines.  R. Caetera desunt. 
The rest are wanting.  Q. Unde formatur? 
Whence is it form?  Q. Unde derivatur? 
Whence is it derived?  Q. Unde componitur? 
Of what is it compounded?  Q. Quare mutatur Consonan? 
Why is the Consonant changed?  Q. Quare mutatur Vocalis? 
Why is the Vowel changed?  R. Euphoniae gratia. 
For the sweeter sound.  R. Est Pronomen Primitivum. 
It is a pronoun. Primitive.  R. Est Pronomen Possessivum. 
It is a pronoun. Possessive.  R. Est Pronomen Relativum. 
It is a pronoun. Relative.  Q. Quodnam est ejus Antecedens? 
What is the Antecedent?  R. Cohaeret cum Antecedente. 
It agrees with the Antecedent  R. Est Participium Activum. 
It is a Participle Active.  R. Est Participium Passivum. 
It is a Participle Passive.  R. Est Prius Supinum. 
It is the First Supine.  R. Est Posterius Supinum. 
It is the First Latter Supine.  R. Est Adver●ium Temporis. 
It is an Adverb of Time.  R. Est Adver●ium Loci. 
It is an Adverb of Place.  R. Est Adver●ium Quantitatis. 
It is an Adverb of Quantity.  R. Est Adver●ium Numeri. 
It is an Adverb of Number.  R. Est Conjunctio Enclytica. 
It is a Conjunction Enclyticall.  R. Est Conjunctio Copulativa. 
It is a Conjunction Copulative.  R. Copulat similes Casus. 
It Couples like Cases.  R. Copulat similes Modos. 
It Couples like Moods.  R. Copulat similes Tempora. 
It Couples like Tenses.  R. Est Prepositio 
It is a Preposition.  R. Est Interjectio 
It is a Interjection.  R. Serviens Nominativo Casui. 
Serving to the Nominative Case  R. Serviens Genitivo Casui. 
Serving to the Genitive Case  R. Serviens Dativo Casui. 
Serving to the Dative Case  R. Serviens Accusativo Casui. 
Serving to the Accusative Case  R. Serviens Vocativo Casui. 
Serving to the Vocative Case  R. Serviens Ablativo Casui. 
Serving to the Ablative Case  Est figurata Constructio. 
It is a figurative Construction.  Est Graecismus. 
It is a Graecisme.  Est Archaismus. 
It is an Archasme.  Est Error Typographi 
It is the fault of the Printer.     

Parts Hominis.  
Corpus.  
CAlva. Caput. Cerebrum. Crinis. Frons. Tempora. Barba.  
Os. Oculus. Fancies, Labrum. Dens. Nasus & Auri.  
Lingua. Supercilium. Gena. Nares. Vena. Palatum.  
Gurgulio. Mammilla. Pori. Praecordia. Renes.  
Mentum. Palma. Manus. Digitus. Cor. Palpebra. Collu●.  
Nervus. Spina. Sinus. Tergum. Pes. Tibia. Poples.  
Sura. Genu. Talus. Pectus. Cavo. Spiritus. Unguis.  
Splen. Gula. Costa. Latus. Venture. Vesica. Papilla.  
Calx. 
* Dyastales licentia.  Umbilicus. Cubitus. Faux. Brachia. Guttur.  
Corpus. Pulmo. Jecur. Pugnus. Gingiva. Medulla.  
Articulus. Femur. Clunis. Fel. Viscera. Teste●.  
Ala. Humerus. Stomachus. Lumbus. Cutis. Ilia. Sangui  
Anima.   

The parts of Man.  
The Body.  
THe scull. The head. The brain. The hair. The forehead The temples. The beard. The mouth or bone The eye. The face. The lip. The tooth. The nose. The ear. The tongue. The eye brow. The cheek. The nostrils. The vein. The . The wind pipe. The teat. The pores. The heart strings The reins. The chin. The palm. The hand. The finger or toe The heart. The eyelid. The neck. The sinew. The back bone The bosom. The back. The foot. The leg. The ham. The calf. The knee. The ankle. The breast. The flesh. The breath. The nail. The spleen. The gullet. The rib. The side. The belly. The bladder. The nipple. The heel. The navel. The elbow. The jaw. The arms. The throat. The wrist. The lungs. The liver. The fist. The gum. The marrow. The joint. The thigh. The buttock. The Gall. The entrails. The stones. The armepit. The shoulder. The stomach. The Loin. The skin. The small guts. The blood.  
The Soul.   

Genera Nominum. THE GENDERS OF NOUNS.  

Regulae Generalissimae.  

Excipiuntur Epicoena, ut Passer, enris, Bombyx, incis, Limax, āc●s, Cetus, i, etc. his add Phoenix, phoenincis, m.g. Vulpes, is. Talpa, ae. Aquila, ae. F.G. In Epicoenis utimur Master & Foemina ad distinguendum sexum, ut Aquila mas. Passer Foemina, a Hac vocantur Patronimyca, quae vel a Patre, vel aliâ Familiae persona derivantur.  OMne Genus sexum, quem dat natura sequetur.  
Vir viri. Mulier enris. Carolus, i. Uxor, onris, Frater, tris. Equus, i. a Priamides. Nerine. Menelais.  
ANgeli, erunt 
In nominibus Fluviorum & Urbium, autores habuerunt rationem Declinations & terminationis, Sequana, Sabrina, f.g.  Fluvii, Menses & Mascula Venti.  
Gabriel enlis. Auster, tri. Aprilis, ilis. Adria, ae.    
FÆmineis Regio parent 
b Sulmo, onnis, Parsii, orum, m. g. etc. Preneste, is, Zeugma ā●is. n. g. etc.  Urbs, Insula, & 
c Arborum nomina in [after] sunt m. g P●naster, tri. acer, enris, robur, onris, n.g.  Arbour  
Anglia ae. Carthago. Mona. Cupressus i.    

d Manci●ium, ●cortum, ●r opudi●m, sili●ernium, ●uc referri possunt, quia propriè & primò sexum non signi●icabant.  'EM Neuro flectes, sic invariabile nomen.  
Londinum, i. Coelum. Barathrum, i. Nihil. Genu.   

Monosyllaba.  
PLurima Foemineo gaudent Monosyllaba coetu.  
Cos, cotis. Vis, vis. Laus, laudis.  

Excep.  MAscula sunt quaedam, quaedam Monosyllaba Neutra.   

Masculina.  
Praes, praedis. Dens, dentis. Gryps, gryphis. Lar, laris. Grex, gregis. Splen, splenis. 
Calx pro ●octo la●ide est, ●. g. ita ●tirps pro ●rosapia.  As, assis. Must, muris. Sal, salis. Ros, roris. Stirps, stirpis. Flos, floris. Fons, fontis. Ren, renis. Pons, pontis. Calx, calcis, Glis, gliris. Vas, vadis. Sol, solis. Mos, moris.  Pes, pedis. Mons, montis.    

Neutra.  
Aes, aeris. Pu●, puris. Cor, cordis. Jus, juris. Far, farris. Os, ossis. Mel, mellis. Ver, veris. Thus, thuris. Fel, fellis. Crus, cruris. Os, oris. Rus, ruris. Vas, vasis, Lac, lactis.   

Communia.  
PRo sexu genus admittit Commune duorum.  
Infans, antis. Parens, entis. Advena, ae. Haeres, edis. Gygas, antis. Dama. Princeps, cipis. Comes, intiss. Bos, bovis. Hofpes, intiss. Civis, is. Senex, senis. Canis, is. Perdix, incis. Sacerdos, dotis. Martyr, yris. Sus, suis. Vates, 'tis. Fur, furis. Anguis, is. Conjux, jungiss. Judex, icis. Nemo, Nemini. Homo, innis.   

Dubia.  

Dies in Plurali est tantum m.g.  SExus abest Dubiis, generisque incerta vagantur.  
Clunis, is. Adeps impis. Specus, us, Dies, iēi. Cortex, icis. Torques, is. Silex, incis.      

Regulae minus Generales.  


Graeca Graecorum fere sequuntur formam. Planeta, Cometa, Alabastrites, m. g.  Nomina Primae Declinationis.  
FÆmineum Latina genus dant Nomina Primae.  
Culpa. Gemma. Pharetra.   

Nomina Secundae Declinationis.  
MAscula flexurae sunt nomina cuncta Secundae.  
Annus. Liber, libri. Puer, ēri.  

Exceptio.  

FÆmineum colus est domus, alvus, vannus, humusque  
Est virus Neutrum, quaedam Muliebria 
c Papyrus, methodus, dialectus, diame●rus, cristallus, ●●ctus, pe●iodus, synodus, dipthongus, abyssus, carbasus, hysopus, nar●us, eremus, etc. graeca sunt f. g. Pelagus n. g.  graeca.   
Colus. Domus i, & us. Alvus, i. Vannus, i. Humus, f.g.  Virus, n.g.      

Nomina Tertiae Declinationis referuntur ad tres Regulas speciales.  

Nomina Quartae Declinationis.  

MAscula sunt Quartae, sex si muliebria demas.  
Porticus atque tribus, manus, Idus, ficus, acusque.   
Gradus. ●ructus. Genu.   

Nomina Quintae Declinationis.  

Excipe Meridies. m. g.  FÆmineis numera, quae sunt tibi nomina Quintae  
Fides, any. Fancies, ieni. Res, rei.   

Tres Regulae speciales. Prima.  
NOn crescens genito nomen, genus est muliebre  
Nubes, is. Caro, carnis. Vulpes, is.   


Except.  Exceptio Prima.  
MAscula in [is] quaedam sed in [oer] des cuncta Viril.  
Aqualis. Fustis. Imber, bris. Cassis. Mensis. Crinis. Canalis. Panis. Caulis. 
Et caetera composita ab As, m. g. Decussis centussis, etc.  Follis. Torris. Funis. Mugilis. Amnis. Ignis. Postis. Calais. Piscis. Semissis. Finis. Sentis. Vermis. Fascis. Vectis. Axis. Orbis. Uter, tris. Collis. Penis.  Ensis. Vnguis.    

Secunda Exceptio.  

Excep. 2.  NOmina in [e] quaecunque cadunt Neutralia den●  
Mare, ris. rete, 'tis. cubile, inlis.   

Secunda Regula Specialis.  
CRescens Foemineum monstrat Penultima lo●  
Virtus, tuntis. Pietas, tantis. Fornax, ancis. Ratio, onnis. Vibex, icis.    

Masculina Excepta.  
HÆc maribus misce, quorum penultima longa  
Torrens, entis. Orient. Bidens. Rudens. 
Et caererae partes assis praeter unciam ut triens Decunx Seprunx, Dodrans, m.g.  Quadrants, antis. Adamas, an● Tapes, entis. Hydrops, dropis. Thorax āci● Lebes. Magnes.   

ET quod in 
* Quaedam Etymologa, Verbalium simillima sunt f.g. ut concio rebellio.  [o] si non Verbale fit, ut ligo, se●  
Mascula in [oer] [or] & [os] & in [n] polysyll● sunto.   
Ligo, onnis. Sermo. Pugio. Scipio. Pulmo. Carbo. Umbo. Umo. Mucro. Cr●ter, enris. Sudor, onris. Honos, onris. Lichen, ennis. Delphin innis. Paean amnis.   

Neutra Excepta.  
OMnia sunt & in [all] vel in [are] polysyllaba neutra.  
Vectigal anlis. Calcar, anris.   

Tertia Regula specialis.  
QUae crescunt breviter Gentitivo Mascula dicas.  
Sanguis, innis. Pecten, innis. Fursur, unris. Fornix, incis.   

Foeminina Excepta.  
PLaeraque Foemineum breviter crescentia, sumunt. 
Excep. 1.   
Grando, innis. Carex, incis. Suppellex, ectilis. Hiems, emmis. Syndon, onnis. Arbour, onris. Forfex, icis. 
* Haec Pecus est Pecudis Pecus est Pecoris tibi Neutrum.  Pecus, udis. Icon, inis. Cuspis, idis. Sedges, itis. Filex, incis. Halcyon, onnis. Cassis, idis. Appendix, incis. Teges. entis. Coxendia, incis. Bacchar, äris. Forceps, cipis. Aedon, onnis.   

EXcipe Faemineum quod [do] vel terminat in [go] 
Excep. 2.   
Graecula in [as] vel in [is] finita, ut lampas, jaspis.   
Dulcedo, dinnis. Compago, ginnis. Clamys idis. Lampas, ädis. jaspis, idis.    


Excep. 3.  Neutra Excepta.  

ESt Neutrale genus signans rem non animatam  
Nomen in [a] vel in [are] vel in [us] vel in [ur] vel in [en] [ut.]   
Prohlema, antis. Jubar, anris. Omen, inris. 
* Vel jecur jecinoris ab antiquo jeciner.  Jecur, onris. Pondus, enris. Caput. intiss.  

Excep. 4.  SUut & in [oer] quaed●m, sed in [or] tria Neutra supersunt.  
Cadaver, eris. Siser. Suber. Laser. Siser. Papaver. Spinter. Piper. Gingiber. Vber. Iter, itineris. 
* Tuber pro Arbore f.g. pro Fructu, m.g. pro Fungo & Tumore, n.g.  Tuber. Cicer.   Aequor, onris. Marmar. Ador.    

Heteroclyta.  
MUtant, deficiunt, superant Heteroclyta flexu.  

Variantia.  
NEutra ex Foemineis, Neutris Muliebria fiunt.  
Pergamus. Supellex. Carbasus. Nundinum. Epulum. Delicium. Balneum. Pl●ae.   
MAscula Plurali sunt, quae Neutralia Primo.  
Coelum. Argos. Elysium.  
MAscula sunt primo quaedam, sed neutra secundo  
Avernus. Pangaeus. Mossieus. Taenarus. Gargarus. Tartarus, Pl. a.   

Defectiva.  

Aptota.  QUae casum nullum variant Aptota vocantur.  
Quatuor. Fas. Gummi. quot. Cornu. Alpha. Nihil. 
† Opus Adjecti●um pro necessa●ius.  Opus. Tot. Instar. Tempe. Frugi. 
* In utroque numero.  Pondo. 
* Mille Adjectivum, mille Substantivum, P. Millia millium, millibus, etc.  Mille. Sinapi. Centum. Necesse.  Nequam. Nefas.   
ESto Monoptoton casu quod flectitur uno.  
Abl. Natu. Noctu. Promptu. Insussu. Perm●ssu. Jussu. Ambage. Ac. Pl. Inficias. Ingratiis.  

Plus inte●re infle●titur in●plurali. N. Plures ●lura. G. Plurium. D. Pluribus, etc.  CAsibus & tantum variant Diptota duobus.  
Verberis, re. Spontis, te. Plus, pluris. Vesper, re. Impetis, te.  Tabi, tabo. Jugeris, re.   
FLecte tribus Primo, quaedam Triptota Secundo.  
G. 
* Vicis & caetera integre in Plurali flectuntur. Mella, Vina, Aera, Hordea, Farra, Rura, Thura, mulsa, sunt Triptota Pluraliter Sic Soboles, Labes, & omnia Quintae, praeter Res, Species Facies, Acies, Dies.  Vicis. Ac. Vicem. Ab. Vice. Opis. Opem. Ope. Precis. Precem. Prece. Dapis. Dapem. Dape. Sordis. Sordem. Sorde.  
TEtraptota vocant casus quae Quatuor optant.  
G. D. Ac. A. 
† Jupiter usurpatur pro Nominativo & Vocativo.  Jovis. Jovi. Jovem. Jove. Ditionis. Ditioni. Ditionem. Ditione. Frugis. Frugi. Frugem. Fruge. Proceris. Proceri. Procerem. Procere. N. Nemo Nemini. Neminem. Nemine.  

Vis caret Dativo, caetera Vocativo.  PEntaptota quibus tibi casus Quinque supersun●  
Vis. Ego. Quis. Omnis.  

Vitu●. Vitia. Herbae. Fru●enta. Metalla. 6 Aromata. 7 Liquores. 8 Pensa. 9 Aetates. 10 Hu●ores. 11 Propr. a nomina.  PLurali careant, quibus est natura coercens.  
1 Charitas. 2 Ebrietas. 3 Apium. 4 Triticum 5 Aurum. 6 Piper. 7 Oleum. 8 Linum. 9 Juventus. 10 Melancholia. 11 Jacobus. 12 Londinun.   

Hujus Generis sunt  
Masculina. Foeminina. Neutra. 
●ac raro ●mittunt ●gnifica●onem ●ralem.  Vesper. Pubes. Ver. Fimus. Salus. Lac. Lincus. Pix. Nectar. Aether. Iudoles. Gluten. Meridies. Humus. Solium. Aer. Lues. Coenum. Viscus. Mo●s. Ebur, oris. Penus. Sitis. Solum. Sanguis. Famet. Virus. Pontus. Requies. Ae●um. Nemo. Tellus. Saevum. Hesperus. Pax. Faenum.  
DUm quaedam flecti tantum Pluraliter optant.  
Masculina. Foeminina. Neutra. Manes. Grates. Maenia. Majores. Phalerae. Tesqua. Cancelli. Quisquiliae. Praecordia. Liberi. Manubiae. Lustra. Lemures. F●riae. Castra. Penates. Excubiae. Arma. Fori. Idus. Crepundia. Gemini. Primitiae. Exta. Superi. Divitiae. Compita. Inferi. Exequiae. Mapalia. Posteri. Compedes. Bellaria.  

* Pluralia.  PLura tamen, tibi rem quae signant saepius u●  

His contraria sunt collectiva, ut Populus, Plebs, Vulgus, etc.  Masculina. Faeminina. Neutra. Ludi. Induciae. Rostra. Pugillares. Cunae. Cunabula. Parisii. Calendae. Natalitia. Natales. Nuptiae. Comitia. Fasti. Literae. Logica. Codicilli. Tenebrae. Hierosolyma. Gabri. Fores. Adversaria. Fasces. Venetiae. Sponsalia.  
ADjectiva carent Neutris communia flexu.  
Pauper. Degener. Uber. Dives. Locuples. Inops. Sospes. Comes. Superstes. Compos. Impos. Memor.   

Redundantia.  
Haec Quartum flexum, simul ac tenuêre Secundū.  

* Laurus, G. lauti vel laurus, Ab. lauro vel lauru, Ac. pl. lauros & laurus, caeteri casus secundae decls. G. Querci & quer●us. pl. quercorum & quercuum, caet. quartae. G. Coli & colus, ●b. colo & colu, caet. secundae. G. domi at home, domus of the ●ouse, D. domui, Ac. domum, V. domus, Ab. domo. Pl. N. ●omus, G. domorum & domuum, D. domibus, Ac. domos & ●omus, Voc. domus, Ab. domibus Cornus Quartam magis ●uam Secundam sequitur, sic Spinus, Penus & Specus, Ab. Pe●u & Specu, quae sunt etiam tertiae decls. & n. g. Gen. Peno●●, specoris. Ficus pro fructu & arbore, Quartae, pro morbo Se●●ndae tantum.  Laurus. Ficus. Quercus. Colus. Pinus. Specus. Domus. Penus.   

QUae maribus tantum, vel neutris singula dantur,  
Nominibus dabit his numerus genus, alter utrumque   
Sibilus. Locus. Jocus. pl. i. vel a. Fraenum. Rastrum. Capistrum. Filum. p. l i. vel a.   
●ulgus hic & hoc est, neutrum Halec & muliebre.      

Rules most General.  


All Hees are Masculine, & ●hees Feminine, Except Epicenes which are the Names of wild Beasts, reptiles (that is small creeping creatures) Fishes and Birds, whose Sexes because not easily discerned, were both under one Gender, which Gender is to be learned commonly from the rules of Declension and Termination.  ALL Nouns the Male, or Female Gender have,  
As Nature first to things the Sexes gave.   
A Man. A Woman. Charles. A Wife. A Brother. A Horse. The son of The Daughter of The Wife of Priamus. Nercus. Menelaus.  


Some Names of ●ivers and Cities take ●ender like common names from the Declension and Termination.  THe Proper Names of Angels, every Wind,  
Of Months and Rivers, are like Males declined.   
Gabriel. The Southwind. April. The Gulf of Venice.    


Except ●ees ●hose La●●ne ends ● aster, masculine, as Pinaster a wild pine, etc. acer a maple, robur an ●●ke, neuter Gender.  TRees, Countries, Cities, Lands, as they were  
Of Woman-race, the Female Gender bear.   
England. Carthage. I'll of Man. A Cypress tree.    

ALL Nouns that end in 
d Except the Proper names of Men and Women.  ['em] with Neuters place,  
And Substantives, that 
e a Noun invariable or Aptote hath all the cases, but changed not termination, as genu in the rudiments; and not only case all Nouns, but all letters and words that supply the place of Nouns, and answer to the question made by the Verb, the Adjective or Relative, may be declined (in that relation) invariably.  vary in no Case.   
London Heaven Hell. Nothing. A Knee.   

Monosyllables.  

Word's of one Syllable we entertain  
More constantly under the Female train.   
A Whetstone. Force. Praise.  

Exception.  SOme Masculine, and Neuters, some remain.   

Masculine.  
A Surety. A Tooth. A Griphen. A House. A Flock. The spleen. A Pound. A Mouse. Salt. Dew. A Stump. A Flower. A Fountain. The Kidney. A Bridge. A Heel. A Dormouse. A Surety. The Sun. A Manner.  A Foot. A Mountain.    

Neuters.  
Brass. Snot. The Hart. Law or right. Bread-Corne A Bone. Honey. The Spring. Frankincense. Gall. A Thigh. A Mouth. The Country. A Vessel. Milk.   


Every Noun that may be applied to both sexes, may have both Genders.  Common.  

COmmon of two, as we their sexes find,  
To Male or Female Adjectives are joined.   
An Infant. A Parent. A stranger. An Heir. A Giant. A Buck or Do. Prince. A Companion. An Ox or Cow. Guest. A Citizen. An old Man or Woman. A dog or bitch. A Partridge. A Priest or Priestesse. A Martyr. A Hog or Sow. A Prophet or Poet. A Thief. A Snake. A Husband or Wife. A Judge. No body. A Man or Woman.   

Doubtful.  

Doubtful want sex, which at your choice decline,  
Either with Male or Gender Feminine.   
A Buttock. Fat. A Cave or den. A Day. Bark of tree. A Chain. A Flint.     

Rules less General.  


A Planet, a Comet, Alabaster.  Nouns of the First Declension.  

ALL of the First Declension that do spring  
From Latin root, the Female Gender bring.   
A fault. A jewel. A quiver.   

Nouns of the Second Declension.  

ALL Nouns that by the Second we decline  
In [us] and [r] be counted Masculine.   
A year. A brook. A boy.  

Exception.  


Paper, a method, a dialect, a diameter, crystal, the North, a full point, an assembly of Divines, a diphthong, a bottomless pit, a sail, hyssop, a sweet ointment, a wilderness, the sea.  FIve Nouns in [us] the Female Gender seek:  
One Neuter is, some Feminines are Greek.   
A Distaff. A House. A Panch. A Van. The Ground.  Poison.      

Nouns of the Third Declension are referred to the Three special Rules. 
A porch, a tribe, a hand, Ideses of a month, a fig, a needle.   

Nouns of the Fourth Declension.  

NOuns of the Fourth all Masculine we find  
Excepting six to Feminines assigned.   
A Degree. Fruit. A Knee.   

Nouns of the fift Declension.  

ALL of the Fifth do end in [es] and render  
Themselves obedient to the Female Gender.   
Faith. A face. A thing.   

Three special Rules.  


The first special Rule.  NOuns that increase not in the Second Case,  
By the First Rule do Feminine embrace.   
A Cloud. Flesh. A Fox.   

First Exception.  

EXcept some few in [is] but all refer  
Unto the Masculine that end in [oer.]   
An Ewer. A Club. A Shower. A Net. A Month. Hair. A Channel. Bread. A Stalk. A Bellows. A firebrand. A Rope. A Mullet. A River. Fire. A Post. A Path. A Fish. Half a pound. An End. A Thorn. A Worm. A Bundle. A Bar. An Axletree. The World. A Bottle. A Hill. The Yard.  A Sword. A Naile.    

Second Exception.  

FRom the First special Rule excepted be,  
All Neuters that do terminate in [e.]   
The Sea. A Net. A Bed.   

The Second special Rule.  

FEminines by the Second Rule are known,  
When they increase long in the last but one.   
Virtue. Godliness. A furnace. Reason. The Mark of a stripe.    

Masculines excepted.  

SOme Nouns you must observe, whose Second Case  
Increaseth long, yet Masculines embrace.   
A Brook. The East. A Fork. A Gable Rope. A fourth part. A Diamond. Tapestry. The Dropsy. A Doublet. A Cauldron. A Load stone,   

IN [o] if it no Verbal be, and those  
Are Male that end in [oer] [or] [n] and [os.]   
A Spade. A Speech. A Dagger. A Cudgel. The Lungs. A Dead coal. A Bosse. A precious stone. A weapons point. A Goblet. Sweat. Honour. A Tetter. A Dolphin. A Song to Apollo.   

Neuters excepted.  

ALL words above one syllable, that end  
In [all] and [are] the Neuter doth attend.   
Tribute. A Spur.   

The third special Rule.  

NOuns that do short increase when you decline,  
By order troop among the Masculine.   
Blood. A Comb. Bran. An Arch.   

Feminines excepted.  

THere are some Nouns increasing short we may  

Excep. 1.  Observe, do still the Feminines obey.   
Hail. Sedge. Household stuff. Winter. Fine linen. A Tree. Sizzers. Cattle. An Image. A spears point. Standing Corn. Forne. A Sea-bird. A helmet. An Addition. A covering. A hipbone. An Herb. Tongues. A nightingale.   

ABove two syllables in [do] and [go]  
Greeks Nouns in [as] and [is] are female too.   
Sweetness. A joint. A Mantle. A Lamp. A Jasper stone.    

Neuters excepted.  

THe names of Li●eles things are Neuters, 
Excep. 3.  when  
They end in (a) (are) (us) (ur) (ut) and (en.)   
A Problem. A Sunbeam. A sign of luck. The Liver. A Weight. A Head.  

IN (oer) some Nouns increasing short, 
Excep. 4.  and three  
That end in (or) the Neuter Gender be.   
A Carcase. An Osiar. Cork. A Gum. A Parsnip. Poppy. A Clasp. Pepper. Ginger. A Dug. A journey. A toad-stool A Pease.   The Sea. Marble. Fine Wheat.    

Heteroclyts.  

WE call those Heteroclyts which are sound  
To change, to be defective, or abound.   

Nouns that vary or change.  

SOme Feminines turn Neuter, Neuters some  
When they are Plural Feminines become.   
The City Pergamus. Householdstuff. A Sail. A Fair. A Banquet. Delight. A Bath.    

SOme Neuters when you Plural them decline,  
Unto the Masculine themselves confine.   
Heaven. The City Argos. Elysium.  

SOme Masculine in the First number bear,  
But in the Plural only Neuters are.   
A Lake so called. Pangeus. Massicus. Tenarus. Gargarus. Tartarus or dungeon.   

Defectives.  


All Nouns of number from three to an hundred inclusively are aptotes, and vary in no case.  NOuns which do change no case at all  
Some undeclined or Aptotes call.   
Four. Right. Gum. How many. A horn. The letter (a) Nothing. Need. So many. Like. Fair fields. thrifty. A pound. A thousand. Mustard. A hundred. Needful.  Wicked. Wrong.   
SOme Nouns but one case do allow.  
By Birth. By night. In readiness. Without leave. By allowance. By the command. By circumstance Denial. Without thanks.  
ANd others are decli●d with two.  
A stripe. Freewill. More. The evening. Force.  Blackblood. An acre.   

●●me are ●●ptotes ●●ly in ●●e Plural number, as ●●lla Vi●● Aera, ●●rdea, ●●ra, Rura, Thura, Mulsa, Soboles, Labes, and all Nouns of ●●e fift Declension, except Res, Species, Fancies, Acies, Dies.  WE limit some to cases three.  

A Chance or turn.  
Help.  
Prayer.  
Dainty fare.  
Filth.   
ANd some to four confined be.  

Jove or Jupiter.  
Government.  
Thrift or profit.  
A Nobleman.  
No body.   


●hose ●ouns to which we cannot direct our speech want the Vocative case, and such are Partitives as ●uidam, Iterrogatives as Quis, qualis, uter; Negatives as ●allus, Relatives, as Qui, and all Pronouns, except Tu, Me●●, Noster and Nostras.  OThers of the defective race  
Are Nouns that only want one case.   
Force. I. Who. Every one or all.  

SOme Nouns 
As the names of virtues, and vices, herbs, grain, metals, spices, liquors, yarn, the ages of man, the humours of the natural body, and proper names, yet these last may have the Plural when either many of the same name are signified, or they be understood appellatively, as Demeae, Clouns.  by nature are confined,  
And never Plurally declind.   
Charity. Drunkenness. Parsly. Wheat. Gold. Pepper. Oil. Flax. Youth. Melancholy. James. London   

Of this nature are these.  
Masculines. Feminines. Neuters. The Evening. Ripeness of age. The spring. Mud. Health. Milk. Dung. Pitch. Heavenly drink The sky. Towardliness. Gsew. Noon. The Ground. A throne. The Air. The Murrain. Dirt. Bird-lime. Death. Ivory. Provision. Thirst. The soil. Blood. Hunger. Poison. Sea. Rest. An age. No body. The earth. Sewit. Evening-Star. Peace. Hay.  

WHilst others Singular do wave,  
And only Plural number have.   
Masculines. Feminines. Neuters. Ghosts. Thanks. Wals. Ancestors. Horsetrappings. Rough places. Limits. Sweep. Heartstrings. Children. Spoils of War. Dens. Gublins. Playdayes. Tents. House Gods. Watches. Weapons. Hatches. Ideses of a month. Rattles. Twins. First fruits. Enttalls. Gods or Saints. Riches. Public places. Devils. Funeral rites. Cottages. Posterity. Fetters. Juncates.  

SOme declind only Plural be,  
And yet do one thing signify.   
Masculines. Feminines. Neuters. A Play. Truce. A Pulpic. A Table book. A cradle. A Cradle. The City Paris. The 1. day of a m. A Birth day. A stock or kindred. A Marriage. A Sessions. A Calendar. Learning. Logic. A Packet. Darkness. Jerusalem. The City Gabii. A Door. A note book. Authority. The City Venice. A contract.  

SOme Adjectives do make complaint  
They Neuter Terminations want.   
Poor. Degenerate. Fruitful. Rich. Wealthy. Wanting. Safe. Gentle. Surviving One enjoying. One not enjoying. Mindful.   

Redundants.  

THese Nouns abound, and in some cases do  
The Second and the Fourth Declension show.   
A Bay tree. A Fig. An Oak. A Distasse. A Pine. A Den. A House. Provision.   

SOme Singulars by Male or Neuter known,  
Both Male, and Neuter, in the Plural own.   
A Hissing. A Place. A jest. A Bridle. A Rake. A Halter. A Thread.    
Some do add other kind of Redundants, ● such Nouns that have divers Terminations in o● case, as Honour and Honos in the Nominative, Ti●nus and Tignum, etc. but these are more conveniently to be referred to reading and observation.      

PRAETERITA ET SUPINA VERBORUM.  

Conjugatio Prima.  
AS avi format Perfecto, atúmque Supino.  
Amo, avi, atum. 
† Composita â neco dant necui nectum.  Neco, avi, atum. Plico, avi, atum, & plicui plicitum. 
* Caeno, juro, poto, passiuè formant praeteritum caenatus, juratus, potus.  Caeno, avi, atum. 
* Caeno, juro, poto, passiuè formant praeteritum caenatus, juratus, potus.  Juro avi atum. 
* Caeno, juro, poto, passiuè formant praeteritum caenatus, juratus, potus.  Poto, avi, atum Labo—     

Conjugatio Secunda.  
ES formabit ui, sed itum breve redde supinis.  

* Composita ab oleo, quae non mutant significationem dant uï, itum.  Moneo, monui, monitum. Timeo, timui. Arceo, arcui Oleo, olui, olitum. Careo, ui, itum. Clueo. Nideo. Polleo. Aveo. Flaveo. Liveo.    

Conjugatio tertia.  
FInibus ex variis flexum tibi tertia monstrat.  
BO, bi, dat itum, ut Bibo, bibi, bibitum.  

Lambo lambi—  
Scabo scabi—   
CO ci tum format, ut Vinco vici victum.  
DO di sum format, ut 
* Edo mutuatur personas & tempora à verbo sum, quoties prima incipit cum [es] es, est, estis, esto, este, estote, essem, esse.  Edo edi esum estum.  
Scindo scidi scissū. Caedo cecidi 
† Composita à cado carent Supinis, praeter occido & recido.  sum. Fundo fudi sum. Caedo cecindi caesum. Recido di casum. Findo fidissū. Occido cidi cisum. Tundo tutudi sum. Pando di passum Rudo rudi— Strido stridi— Sido—  
ADo didi ditum habet natum, si tertia flectat.  
Addo didi ditum. Perdo didi ditum. Condo didi ditum.  
GO Guo xi ctum format, ut Jungo junxi junctum. 
Tria tantùm composita à lego faciunt xi in praeterito, Intelligo, diligo, negligo, xi ctum caetera dant gi, ut lego legi, perlego perlegi, etc.   
Intelligo exi ctum. Diligo exi ctum. Negligo exi ctum. Surgo rexi rectum. Pergo exi ctum. Extinguo xi ctum. Fingo finxi fictum. Mingo xi ctum. Stringo xi ictum. Pingo inxi ictum. Ringo xi ctum. Frigo frixi ictum. Pango xi actum. Pungo xi ctum. Repungo 
* Et Repupugi.  xi ctum. Sugo suxi— Ango; anxi— Clango clauxi— Mingo xi— Lingo linxi— Ambigo— Vergo—    
HO, xi, tum format. Traho, traxi, tractum.  
LO, dat uï, itum. Molo, moluï, molitum.  
Attollo—  
MORE, dat uï itum. ut Gemo, gemui, gemitum.  
Tremo, tremuï—  
NO, vi, tum format, ut, Sino, fivi, fitum.  
Sperno, sprevi, spretum. Sterno, stravi, stratum. Lino, 
* Lini & livi.  levi, litum. Cerno, crevi, cretum.  
PO, psi, tum, format, ut, Carpo, carpsi, carptum.  
QUo, qui, ctum, format, ut, Linquo, liqui, lictum.  
RO, vi, tum format, ut, Scro, sevi, satum.  
Insero, sevi, situm. Quaero, sivi, situm. Tero, trivi, tritum. Furo—  
SO, dat sivi, & situm. Lacesso, sivi, situm.  

Omnia Inceptiva in sco carent Praeteritis & Supinis.  SCo, vi, tum, format. Nosco, novi, notum.  
Cognosco, novi, nitum. Agnosco, novi, nitum. Glisco— Fatisco—  
TO, ti, tum format, ut, 
† Composita à fisto faciunt stiti & stitum.  Sisto, stiti, statum.  
VO, vi, tum format, ut, Volvo, volvi, volutum.  
XO, uï, xum format, ut, Nexo, nexuï, nexum.  
CIo, ci, ctum format, Facio, feci, factum.  
Jacio, jeci, jactum.  
DIo, di, sum, Fedio, fodi, fossum.  
GIo, gi, tum. Fugio fugi fugitum.  
PIo, pi, tum. Capio cepi captum.  
RIo, ri, tum. Pario peperi partum, & paritum.  
TIo ssi, sum. Quatio quassi quassum.  
UO, uï, utum. Tríbuo tribui tributum.  
Renuo renui. Abnuo abnui. Respuo respui. Ingrue ingrui. Congruo congrui. Metuo metui.   

Quarta Conjugatio.  
FOrmat ï● quartis ivi, descendit in itum.  
Audio ivi itum. Cio civi citum. 
† Caetera meditativa carent SS.  Parturio ivi itum. Partio ivi itum. Salio livi litum.  Esurio ivi tum. Gestio gestivi— Ferio—  
Haec in [e] dant Primam si componantur ubique  
Damno. Patro pasco. Arceo. Farcio fallo. Carpo. Saecro partio. Pario. Fatiscer. spargo. Lacto. Scando. gradior. Tracto.    
HIs ita compositis fit in [i] mutatio primae.  
Tango. Habeo. Lateo. salio. Statuo. Cado. Laedo. placeo. Maneo. Quaero. Sapio. cano. Caedo. Egeo. Teneo. taceo. Rapio.     
HÆc primas tantum Praesentis, in [i] sibi mutât.  
Facio. jacio. Specio capio. Lego. premo. pango. ago. Emo. lacio. fateor. sedeo. Rego. frango.    

Concludo, Accuso, Pereutio, Diluo, Conculco, Insulto.  HÆc claudo, causo, quatio, lavo rejiciunt [a.]  
SI componantur calco, salto [a] per [u] mutant.  
FOrmabunt eadem Simplex & Compositivum.  

* Caetera composita à sto faciunt stiti & stitum, aliquando statum.  Sto, steti, statum. Circumsto, steti, statum.  
PRaeteriti Verbis rara est geminatio natis.  

Pario, peperi, partum.  
Comperio peri, 
* A pario peruï, pertum dant caetera quartae.  pertum.  
Reperio peri, 
* A pario peruï, pertum dant caetera quartae.  pertum.   
CUm dat uï Neutrum, rarò fluit inde Supinum.  
Abstineo, Abstinui—  
A 
† A scro, sevi.  sero dant composta situm; à salio, tibi sultum.  
A ruo nata, rutum; sed tusum à tundo requirunt.  

* In compositivorum Supinis.  Partio, carpo, cano, spargo, rapio, a per e mutant.    

The Preterperfect Tenses AND SUPINES OF VERBS.  

The first Conjugation.  
AS in the first avi, and atum makes.  
To love. To kill. To fold. To sup. To swear. To drink. To fall, or to be feeble.     

The second Conjugation.  
ES uï forms, whose Supine itum takes.  
To advise. To fear. To drive. To savour. To want. To be, or be called. To be fair. To be able. To desire. To be yellow. To be blue.    

The Third Conjugation.  
VErbs of the Third their various ending show.  
BOY makes by tum. To drink.  
To lick. To scratch.  
CO ci tum. To overcome  
DO di sum. To eat.  
To cut. To fall. To pour. To wound. To fall back. To cleave. To kill. To bruise. To open. To bray. To make noise. To sink.  

COmpounds of do, didi and ditum make,  
When the First Conjugation they forsake.   
To add. To lose. To frame  
GUo Go xi ctum. To join.  
To understand. To love. To neglect. To rise. To go forward. To extinguish. To feign. To piss. To strain. To paint. To grin. To fry. To sing. To prick. To prick again. To suck. To vex. To trumpet. To snow. To lick. To doubt. To decline.    
HO makes xi and ctum. To draw.  
LO make uï itum. To grind.  
more make uï itum. To sob.  
To tremble.  
NO makes vi and tum. to suffer.  
To despise. to destroy. To daub. to see.  
PO makes psi and ptum. to take or crop  
QUo makes qui and ctum. to leave.  
RO makes vi and tum. to sow.  
To plant. to seek. To wear out. to rage's.  
SO makes sivi and situm. to provoke.  
SCo makes vi and tum. to know.  
To understand. to acknowledge. To desire. to be weary.  
TO makes ti and tum. to stop.  
VO makes vi and tum. to roll.  
XO makes uï and Xum. to knit.  
CIo makes ci and ctum. to do or make.  
to cast.  
DIo makes di and sum. to dig.  
GIo gi' tum. to fly.  
PIo pi tum. to take.  
RIo ri tum. to bring forth.  
TIo, ssi, sum. to shake.  
UO uï utum. to give.  
To refuse. to deny. to refuse. To invade. to agree. to fear.   

Fourth Conjugation.  
FRom the Fourth, ïo, ivi, itum flow.  
To hear. to stir. to bring forth. To divide. to salt. to smite To be hungry. to use gesture.   

THere are some Verbs when they compounded be  
Do alter their first vowel into [e.]   
To condemn. to commit. to feed. To drive. to stuff. to deceive. To crop. to consecrate. to divide. To bring forth. to be weary. to sprinkle. To give suck. to climb. to go. To handle.    

THese in their composition generally  
Do their precedent vowel change to [i.]   
To touch. to have. to lie hid. to leap. To appoint. to fall. to hurt. to please. to stay. to seek. to be wise. to sing. To kill. to want. to hold. to be silent. To snatch.     

THese change for [i] their first, but not dispense  
With alteration in the Perfect Tense.   
To make. to cast. to see. to take. To read. to press. to join: to do. To buy. to allure. to confess. to sit. To rule. to break.    
FOur Verbs lose [a] in Composition. Two  
To shut. to cause to shake. to wash.  
CAlco and Salto turn their [a] to [u.]  
To kick, to leap.  

THe Compound Perfect Tense and Supines are  
The same which in the simple Verbs they were.   
To stand. to stand round.  

IN Composition rarely Verbs dispense  
With gemination in the Perfect Tense.   
To find. to bring forth  

THose Neuters which their Perfect Tenses make  
In [ut] Supines commonly forsake.   
To abstain.  

All Meditatives are of the fourth Conjugation, Frequentatives, Diminutives, Imitatives of the first, Inceptives of the third Conjugation.  VErbs in respect of form are  
Prìmitive, as Lego, I do read.  

Or Derivative, which are 

Meditative or Desiderative, as Lecturio, I desire to read.  
Frequentative, as Lectito, I read often; Loquitor, I prate.  
Inceptive or Augmentative, as Calesco, I wax hot; Ardesco, I increase in heat.  
Diminutive, as Sorbillo, I sip; Pitisso, I drink a little,  
Imitative, as Patrisso, I imitate the father; Platonisso, I imitate Plato; Graecisso or Graecor, I imitate the Greek; Vulpinor, I play the Fox.      

Verbs which form not their Preterperfect Tense and Supines according to the general Rules.  
 Contempt  ABoleo abolevi aboletum. 2 To abolish. Adoleo adolevi adultum. 2 to grow. Ardeo arsi arsum. 2 to burn within. Augeo auxi auctum. 2 to increase. Algeo alsi. 2 to be i'll. Ago egi actum. 3 to do or act. ●lo alui 
* Et Alitum.  altum. 3 to nourish. ●dipiscor adeptus. dep. 3 to obtain. ●mplector, amplexus. dep. 3 to embrace. ●micio amicui amictum. 4 to cloth. ●ssentior assensus. dep. 4 to consent to. CUbo cubui cubitum. n. 1 to lie down. Crepo crepui crepitum. n 1 to crack. ●ircundo dedi datum. 1 to compass, ●ircumsto steti starum. 1 to stand about. ●enseo censui censum. 2 to think. ●ieo civi citum. 2 to stir. ●umbo cubui cubitum. n. 3 to lie down. ●edo, cessi, cessum. n. 3 to departed. ●laudo clausi clausum. 3 to shut. ●aveo cavi cautum. 2 to beware. ●olo colui cultum. 3 to till. Consulo, sului, sultum. 3 to ask, or give counsel. Como, compsi, comptum. 3 to comb. Contemno, tempsi, temptum 3 to despise. Canon, cecini, cantum. 3 to sing. Concino, cinui, centum. 3 to sing together. Coquo, coxi, coctum. 3 to seethe or boil. Curro, cucurri, cursum. n. 3 to run. Cupio, cupivi, cupitum. 3 to desire. Comminiscor, commentus. dep. 3 to feign. Comperio, peri, pertum. 4 to find. Cambio, campsi, campsum. 4 to exchange. DOmo domui domitum. 1 to tame. Do dedi datum. 1 to give. Doceo docui doctum. 2 to teach. 
* Abantiquo [lo.]  Deleo delevi deletum. 2 to blot out. Dico dixi dictum. 3 to say. Duco duxi ductum. 3 to lead. Divido divifi divisum. 3 to divid. Diego degi 3 to live. Demo dempsi demptum. 3 to take away. Depso depsui depsitum. 3 to knead. Disco didici. 3 to leasn. Dimico, dimicavi, & uï atum. 1 to skirmish. EXoleo, olevi, oletum. n. 2 to be out of use. Excello cellui celsum. 3 to excel. Extollo extuli elatum.  to lift up. Experior expertus. dep. 4 to try. Elicio elicui elicitum. 3 to draw out. FRendeo, frendi, fressun, n. 2 to grin. Fleo, flevi, fletum. n. 2 to weep. Fulgeo, fulsi, n. 2 to shine. Frigeo, frixi. n. 2 to be cold. Ferveo fervi & ferbui. n. 2 to be warm. Fateor fassus. dep. 2 to confess. Fido fisus. n. 3 to trust. Frango fregi fractum. 3 to break. Figo fixi fixum. 3 to fasten. Fallo fefelli falsum. 3 to deceive. Fero tuli latum.  to bring. Facesso facessi. n. 3 to do. Flecto flexi flexum. 3 to bend. Fluo fluxi fluxum. n. 3 to flow. Fungor functus. dep. 3 to execute. Fatiscor fessus. dep. 3 to be weary. Fruor fructus & fruitus. de. 3 to enjoy. Fulcio fulsi fultum. 4 to prop. Farcio, farsi, fartum. 4 to stuff. GAudeo gavisus. n. p. 2 to rejoice. Gigno genui genitum. 3 to beget. Gero gessi gestum. 3 to bear. Gradior gressus. dep. 3 to go. HÆreo haesi haesum. n. 2 to stick. Haurio hausi haustum. 4 to draw. 
Ad juvo juvi jutum.  IUvo juvi. 1 to help. Inoleo inolevi inoletum. n. 2 to wax great. Jubeo jussi jussum. 2 to command. Indulgeo indulsi indultum. 2 to pamper. Incesso incessi. 3 to assault. Irascor iratus. dep. 3 to be angry. Impleo impleri impletum. 
* Ab antiquo Pleo.  2 to fill. LAvo lavi lavatum. 1 to wash. Lugeo luxi luctum. 2 to lament. Langueo langui. n. 2 to languish. Luceo luxi. n. 2 to shine. Libet libuit & libitum. 2 it liketh. Licet licuit & licitum. 2 it is lawful. Liquet. n. 2 it appeareth. Lego legi lectum. 3 to read. Lacio lexi lectum. 3 to entice. Laedo laesi laesum. 3 to hurt. Ludo lusi lusum. 3 to play. Luo lui luitum. 3 to suffer. Labour lapsus. dep. 3 to slide. Loquor locutus. dep. 3 to speak. Liquor. dep. 3 to melt. 
Dimico, dimicavi & dimicui, ut supra in D.  MIco micui. n. 1 to shine. Miscco miscui mistum. 2 to mingle. Mulceo mulsi mulsum. 2 to assuage. Mordeo momordi morsum. 2 to by't. Mulgeo mulxi mulctum. 2 to milk. Maneo mansi mansum. n. 2 to stay. Misereor misertus. dep. 2 to pity. Mereor meritus & merui. dep. 2 to deserve. Medeor. dep. 2 to cure. Miseret miseruit & misertum. 2 it pitieth. Mergo mersi mersum. 3 to drown. Mittto misi missum. 3 to send. Meto messui messum. 3 to mow. Merior mortuus. 
* Moriturus in participio.  dep. 3 to die. Metior mensus. dep. 4 to measure. NEo nevi. 2 to spin. Niveo nivi & nixi. 2 to wink. Nubo nupsi nuptum. n. 3 to be married. Necto nexi nexum. 3 to knit or join. Nascor natus. 
† Nasciturus. fut. par.  dep. 3 to be borne. Nauciscor nactus. dep. 3 to get. Nitor nisus & nixus. d. 3 to endeavour. OBsoleo obsolevi tum. n. 2 to wax old. Occulo, culuï cultum. 3 to hid. Obliviscor oblitus. d. 3 to forget. Orior ortus. 
† Orior alias habet voces tertiae Conjugationis alias quartae, ut etiam potior potitus. ut Infinivo semper oriri potiri.  dep. 3 to rise. Operior operrus. d. 4 to cover. Ordior orsus. d. 4 to begin. PRaesto praestiti prestitum. 1 to perform or excel. Prandeo prandi 
* Et pransus.  sum. n. 2 to dine. Pendeo pependi pensum: 2 to hang. Paveo pavi. n. 2 to be afraid. Piget piguit pigitum. 2 it grieveth. Pudet puduit puditum. 2 it shameth. Placet placuit & placitum. 2 it pleaseth. Pertaedet taeduit pertaesum. 2 it wearieth. Parco peperci & parci percitum & parsum. 3 to spare. Plaudo plausi plausum. 3 to applaud. Plodo plosi plosum. 3 to explode. Pedo pepedi peditum. n. 3 to break wind. Pango pepigi & pegi pactum. 3 to join or bargain. Prodigo prodegi. 3 to spend. Pleo plevi pletum. 2 to fili. Pello pepuli pulsum. 3 to drive. Psallo psalli. 3 to sing. Promo promsi promptum. 3 to draw. Premo pressi pressum. 3 to press. Pono posui positum. 3 to put. 
† Pinsitum & pinsum.  Pinso pinsui pistum. 3 to bake. Posco poposci. 3 to ask. Peto petivi petitum. 3 to ask, fetch or go. Plecto plexi plexum. 3 to plat. Pecto pexi pexum. 3 to comb. Pluo plui & pluvi. n. 3 to rain. Paciscor pactus. dep. 3 to bargain. Proficiscor profectus. d. 3 to take a journey. Patior passus. dep. 3 to suffer. Percello perculi perculsum. 3 to strike. QUinisco quexi. n. 3 to nod. Queror questus. dep. 3 to complain. RIdeo risi risum. 2 to laugh. Reor ratus. dep. 2 to suppose. Rodo rosi rosum. 3 to gnaw. Rado rasi rasum. 3 to shave. Refello refelli. 3 to confute. Rumpo rupi ruptum. 3 to break. Rapio rapui raptum. 3 to snatch. Ruo rui ruitum. n. 3 to rush. Reperio reperi repertum. 4 to find. Raucio rausi rausum. n. 4 to be hoarse. SOno sonui sonitum. 1 to sound. Seco secui sectam. 1 to cut. ●to steti statum. 1 to stand. ●isto stiti statum. 3 to stop. ●orbeo sorbui sorptum. 2 to suck up. ●uadeo suasi suasum. 2 to persuade. ●edeo sedi sessum. n. 2 to sit. ●pondeo spospondi sponsun. 2 to promise. ●trideo stridi. n. 2 to make a noise ●oleo slitus. n. 2 to be wont or use. ●cribo scripsi scriptum. 3 to write. ●pargo sparsi sparsum. 3 to sprinkle: ●tago sategi. n. 3 to be busy upon. ●allo salli salsum. 3 to season. ●umo sumpsi sumptum. 3 to take. ●repo strepui strepitum. n. 3 to make noise. ●ero serui sertum. 3 to put in order. ●erto stertui. n. 3 to snore ●pecio spexi spectum. 3 to behold. ●apui sapui. n. 3 to be wise. ●ruo struxi structum. 3 to frame. ●entio sensi sensum. 4 to feel. ●arcio sarsi sartum. 4 to patch. ●epio sepsi septum. 4 to hedge. ●ancio sanxi sanctum & sancitum. 4 to establish. ●alio saluï saltum. n. 4 to leap. ●epelio sepelivi sepultum. 4 to bury. ●ingultio fingultivi singultum. n 4 to sob. TOno tonuï tonitum. n. 1 to thunder. Tondeo totondi tonsun. 2 to clip or shave. Teneo tenuï tentum. 2 to hold. Torreo torruï tostum. 2 to roast. Torqueo torsi tortum. 2 to wrest. Tergeo tersi tersum. 2 to wipe. Turgeo tursi. n. 2 to swell. Tueor tutus & tuitus. dep. 2 to see or defend. Trudo trusi 2 to thrust. Tango tetigi tactum. 3 to touch. Tergo tersi tersum. 3 to wipe. Tollo sustuli sublatum. 3 to take up or away. Texo texui textum. 3 to wove. VEto vetuï vetitum. 1 to forbid. Video vidi visum. 2 to see. Vieo vievi vietum. 2 to bind. Urgeo ursi. 2 to urge. Vado vasi vasum 3 to go. Vello velli & vulsi vulsum. 3 to pluck. Ʋerro verri versum. 3 to brush. Uro ussi ustum. 3 to burn. Viso visi visum. 3 to visit. Verto verti Versum. 3 to turn or transla● Vivo vixi victum. n. 3 to live. Ulciscor ultus. dep. 3 to revenge. Utor usus. dep. 3 to use. Vescor. dep. 3 to feed upon. Venio veni ventum. 4 to come. Vincio vinxi vinctum. 4 to bind. Veneo venii venum. 4 to be sold.   

Verbs defective.  
INdic. Aio, ais, ait, pl. aiunt. Imperfect. aiebam, 
Aio, I say  aiebas, aiebat. pl. aiebamus, aiebatis, aiebant. Imper. Ai. Sub. Aias aiat. pl. aiamus, aiant. Part. Aiens.  
Imperat. Ave. pl. avete. Infin. avere. 
Ave, hail.   
Indic. Fut. Salvebis. Imper Salve, 
Salve, God save you.  salveto. pl. Salvete, Salvetote. Infin. Salvere.  
Indic. Inquio vel inquam, inquis, 
Inquio, I say.  inquit. pl. inquimus, inquitis, inquiunt. Perf. inquisti, inquit. fut. inquies, inquiet. Imper. inque. pl. inquite. Sub. inquias, inquiat. Particip. inquiens.  
Infit for Caepit. 
He began.   
Desit for d●est. Fut. desiet. Sub. desiat. 
Is wanting.  Infin. desieri.  
Indic. Quaeso. Pl. Quaesumus. 
I pray.   
Sub. Imperf. Forem, fores, foret. pl forent. Infi. fore. 

I may, or should be. He rejoiceth.  
To be given.  
To speak.    
Ovat. Sub. Ovarent, ovandi, ovans.  
Daris vel dare, datus, dari, dandus. The first Persons Dor and For, not being read.  
Faris vel fare, fatus, fari, fandus. The first Persons Dor and For, not being read.  
Dic, duc, fer, fac. Imp. pro dice duce fere face.  

* I hate, I know, I begin I remember.  Odi, Novi, Caepi, Memini, are declined only in the Tenses that come from them.  

Remember.  Imper. Memento. pl. Mementote.  

These are usual among the Comic Poets.  
Faxim, faxis, faxit. pl. faxint, for faciam vel fecerim faxo for fecero, faxere for facturum esse.  
Axim, axis, axit. pl. axint, for agam vel egerim.  
Duim, duis, duit. pl. duint, for dem, des, det, den●  
Perduim, perduis, perduit. pl. perduint, for perdan, &c  
Creduim, creduis, creduit pl. creduint, for credam, & ●  
Siem, sies, siet. pl. sient, for sim, sis, sit, pl. sint.  
Amasso, is, it, pl. imus itis in't, for Amavero.  
Habesso, is, it, pl. imus itis in't, for Habuero.  
Prohibesso, is, it, pl. imus itis in't, for Prohibuero.  
Expetisso. is, it, pl. imus itis in't, for Expetivero.  
Amassere, expugnassere, prohibessere, for amare expugnare, prohibere.  
Sis for si vis.  
Sultis for si vultis.  
Sodes for si audes.  
Cavesis, for cave, vide, cape, si vis.  
Videses, for cave, vide, cape, si vis.  
Capsis. for cave, vide, cape, si vis.      

Syntaxis.  

Syntax.  
SYntax is the due order and connexion of the Parts of Speech among themselves, according to the best Authors.  

The Parts are 

Concord and  
Government.     

Concord is an Agreement,  

1. Between the Nominative case and the Verb  
2. Between the Substantive and Adjective.  
3. Between the Antecedent and Relative.    

The first Concord.  

VErbs with their Nom'natives true Concord make, 
Nominative Cases are often understood, but especially, ego, tu, ille, nos, vos, illi, when there is no distinction, or emphatical signification intended. If you leave out the Conjunction that, which in Latin is called [quod] or [ut,] The Nominative is elegantly turned into the Accusative, and the Verb into the Infinitive Mood. Note. A Verb between two Nominative Cases of divers numbers, may sometimes agree with the Nominative Case that followeth it. Conscience is a thousand witnesses.   
When they the same Number, and Person take.   
While the Cat sleeps, the mice dance.  
It is necessary that a liar be mindful.   

The second Concord.  

THe Adjective, and Substantive embrace; 
An Adjective or Relative between two Substantives of divers genders, is sometime found to agree with the latter. All error is not to be called folly. Let no man take away the stone, which is called a Boundary.   
Confined to the same Gender, Number, Case.   
Human things are in a good condition, because no man is miserable, but by his own fault.   

The Third Concord.  


When the english [that] may be turned into (which) it is a Relative, qui, etc. The first thing to be observed in the Relative is his Case, wherein it agreeth not with the Antecedent (but by a Grecisme.) When there cometh no Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb, the Relative must be the very Nominative case to the Verb, by the first Concord; but if any other word come between the Verb and the Relative, the Relative is governed of the Verb following, or of some other word in the sentence.  THe Antecedent, and the Relative,  
Must the same Person, Gender, Number, give.   
He that makes too much haste, finisheth the more late.  
We put those things to use, which we place upon the poor.  
Adorn that Sparta [or province] which thou hast got.   

Figurative Concord.  


ENALLAGE.  THe guiding part in every Concord's that  
Which answers to the question, who, or what▪  
This sometimes proves to be no word of Case,  
But is an Aptote, and supplies the Place.   
To weep is a certain pleasure.  
Another to morrow. A. is a letter.  
His proper will is to every man.  

NOuns singular conjoined, 
SYLLEPSIS.  when they precede  
Verbs, Adjectives, or Relatives, may plead  
A Plural nature, and these three surrender  
themselves to the most worthy Person, Gender. 
The Masculine gender is more worthy than the feminine, and the Feminine than the Neuter; but when things ●e in mention without life the Neuter is most worthy. Fire and water are not to be entreated, or things, not to be entreated. Aqua & ignis sunt inexorabilia.    
A friend, and gold are to be tried in the fire.  
I and my business are well.  
He with his brother are safe.  

NOuns Collective, though Singular they be, 
SYNTHESIS.   
With Plural Verbs and Adjectives 
† In sense, not in concord of Number or Gender. A collective, is a Noun which signifies ma●●r in the Singular, and is equivalent to a Noun Plural. Of ●●is nature is a Noun Partitive, which signifies either a part of ● multitude, or many severally.  agree.   
A company rush in. Some of you open the door.  
An Elephant great with young.  
Part of the men drowned, held by the ship.   

Government, or Construction. 
Every word is common●● governed of that which goeth next before in orderly constructing, except the Relative which is to be governed of that which ●●lloweth. So likewise are the obliqne cases of quis, qualis, ●uot, quotus, uter, which follow the course of the Relative both ●or Concord and Government. One Verb may govern many ●ases, for several reasons, and by several rules.   
Construction of Substantives.  

WHen two concur, the latter Substantive  
With the sign [of] assumes the Genitive,  
With [too] the Dative, if they both declare,  
The same thing than their cases equal are.   
Old wives tales. 
* Carmen Virgilii, Virgil's Verse, or the verse of Virgil; this may (not inelegantly) be made in Latin by the Adjective Possessive, Carmen Virgilianum, a Virgilian verse.  Virgil's verse.  
Every soil is a native Country to a valiant man  
Oh man! a bubble? why art thou proud.  


† With the latter Substantive of praise or dispraise is joined an Adjective signifying the quality.  But in the Second case or sixth we place  
The Noun of Commendation or disgrace.   
I mislike children of too early wisdom.  
A man of a clear nostril.  
Be of a present mind.  


Opus the Adjective signifieth needful, the thing wanted after Opus is put in the Ablative, the person is always the Dative.  OPus and Usus when they need betray  
Their want into an Ablative convey.   
There is no need of that Citizen that know not how to obey.  
Good wine needs no bush.  

LIke fixed Nouns, some Adjectives do stand,  
And Neuters may their Genitives command. 
When [man] cometh after an Adjective, the Adjective may be put alone Masculine, as justus, a just man. When [thing] is expressed, the Adjective may be put alone Neuter; and Adjectives may govern a Genitive, specially if they signify quantity.    
Evil men are to be punished, that good men may not be hurt.  
Many things happen, which we would not.  
Much sauce, little meat.   

Adjectives which govern a Genitive Case.  

SOme that from Verbs Original derive, 
Verbal Adjectives in [bilis] when they signify passive, govern a Dative Case. The sons of the Gods are not to be wounded with the weapons of Fortune.   
And Participialls claim a Genitive.   
He is capable of all forms.  
Nature is a lover of her issue.  
Most desirous of your friendship.  

THe second case, all Adjectives do bind,  
That signify Desire, Fear, Gild of mind, 
These Adjectives have the sign [of] after them, and some are varied by Prepositions, as De verbis sollicitus, careful of words, or concerning words.   
Care, Knowledge or Oblivion; or what may,  
Answer their sense in the contrary way.   
Creatures fearful of the light.  
A man desirous of Empire is miserable.  
He was scarcely master of his wits.  


Some Adjectives, as liber, vacuus, etc. have their Cases varied by Prepositions; liber à metu, free from fear.  IF want or plenty Nouns or Verbs conspire,  
They Genitives, or Ablatives require.   
A man full of chinks.  
Wine wanteth a rudder.  
Thou a Physician to others, art thyself f●● of ulcers.  

NOuns 
* Or partitively put, that is such as have the signs [Of] or [among] after the● the Case after these may be varied with Prepositions, e. de. ● inter, antc. Omnium primus. ì.e. primus inter omnes, fort●simum animalium. i.e. fortissimum inter animalia, vel ex a● malibus.  Partitive, and such as Numeral ar●  
Nouns Interrogative, and which compare  
Or are Superlative, may justly claim  
A Genitive, whence they their Gender name.   
Neither the first, nor the worst of all.  
The fairest Ape is deformed.  
The Lion is the strongest of beasts.   

Adjectives which govern a Dative  

A Dative doth most properly relate,  

These have commonly the sign [too] after them.  To Adjectives that carry love or hate,  
Pleasure or sorrow, or whose english sense,  
Is opposition or obedience.   
The morning is kind to the Muses.  
His proper Country is most pleasant to eve●● one.  

TO those which Profit, Likeness signify,  
Aptness, or Distance, or the contrary, 
Very many signifying profit, and aptitude, are varied elegantly with the Preposition [add] Prone to anger, Pronus ad iram. Some Adjectives of likeness may also govern a Genitive case. Like this man, Par hujus.   
The Dative Cases most agreeing be.   
Modesty is unprofitable to a beggar.  
Lettuce like lips.  
Flame is next to smoke.  

IMmunis, alienus, and these three,  
Communis, proprius and superstes, 
Immunis and alienus are varied with Prepositions.  be  
To Genitive or Dative Cases free.   
Common to thee and me.  
Common with the Stoics,   

Adjectives which govern the Accusative Case.  

LEngth, breadth, height, thickness, depth, & space of place,  
We measure in the fourth, o● the sixth Case. 
This Rule concerneth also the case after Verbs.    
The walls of Babylon were two hundred foot high, and fifty foot broad.  
Depart not a nails breadth from a good conscience.  
One foot and a half long.   


When [then] is not made in Latin by quam, ac, atque, for these cause the Noun to be in the same Case which goes before. Corvi sunt honoratiores quam lusciniae, Dimidium est plus quam totum.  Adjectives which govern an Ablative.  

COmparatives with the sign [then] do give,  
Unto the following word an Ablative.   
Crows are more honourable than Nightingales  
Half is more than all.  
The smoke of a native Country is brighter than fewer fire.  


Some to these add contentus, praeditus, affectus.  DIgnus, indignus, fretus, will have none  
But the sixth Case in true construction.   
A Cover worthy of the Cup.  
Bold upon your patience.   


The Infinitives of these Verbs will have such Cases after them as before, whether a Nominative, Accusative, or Dative.  Construction of Verbs which govern a Nominative.  

VErbs that do [being] signify, and some,  
Passives that Call, or near their nature come,  
With Verbs of Gesture, equally esteem  
A Nominative before, and after them.   
A woman is the safety or calamity of a house.  
Thou wilt be made ill, by the company of ill men.  
No man is born an Artist.   

Verbs which govern a Genitive case.  

A Genitive next [est] doth signify,  
Possession, Office, or Propriety.   
It is the part of a poor man to number his Cattles.  
Not to be sensible of evil, is not the part of a man.  
Not to bear, is not the part of a gallant man.  

THe 
* These Verbs have the sign [of] after their English, and may be varied by the Ablative, with or without the Preposition [de]  Crime, or Pain we in the second use,  
Or six●, when we condemn, quit, warn, accuse.   
All men wish old age, but having gotten it, they accuse it of trouble.  
I will accuse thee of the same fault.  
Adversity doth mind us of our duty.  

MIsereor, miseresco, 
Misereor and misresco have sometime a Dative.  satago  
Do after them a Genitive allow.   
He is busy about another man's affair.  
I pity thee.  

Paenitet, taedet, piget, miseret,  
And Pudet the Accusative admit.  
Next, which a Genitive they also take,  
Of that, which doth the shame, grief, pity make.   
He that reputes of his deed is almost innocent.  

REcordor, obliviscor, memini,  
And Reminiscor Verbs indifferent be,  
Whether next them you in Construction place,  
The Genitive, or the Accusing Case.   
Remember your Stock.  
An ingrateful man forgets benefits.  
Call to mind the last things.  

REfert and Interest Genitives design,  
But Ablatives from Pronouns Feminine.   
It behoveth every man.  
It concerns me or mine.   

Verbs which govern a Dative.  


This [too] is made by [add] with an Accusative after voco, provoco, incendo, loquor, horror, invito, incito, excito, accerso, attinet, pertinet, spectat, and Verbs of motion.  WHen [to] or [for] come after Verbs, we may  
A Dative to the following Noun convey.   
The Net is not spread for the Kite.  
He promiseth golden mountains to me.  


Except juvo, laedo, offendo, which govern Accusative.  TO trust, to profit, aid, obey and please,  
Have Datives, so the contrary to these.   
It is better to cure the beginning, than the end.  
They despair of their fortunes.  
The wolf watcheth the sheepfold.  

VErbs that imply command, contingence, ire,  
Or pardon, Datives after them require.   
Humble your mind to your fortune.  
A wise man shall govern the Stars.  
Pardon many things to others, nothing to thyself.  

TO Verbs that take, or drive away, compare,  
That difference show, or distance, Datives are.  
Which changed to Ablative, obey the stream  
Of Prepositions, that do carry them.   
Pride takes God from me, envy my neighbour, and anger me from myself.  
Thou comparest an Eagle to an Owl.  

PAssives a Dative of the agent take,  
Or Ablative, which Prepositions make. 
This Passive may be resolved into an Active, Let every man expect his last day. Vnusquisque expectet ultimam diem. Literae ornant Nobilitatem.    
Let the last day be expected by every man.  
Nobility is honoured by learning.  

SUm with his compounds, Datives may admit,  
Possum the only Verb forbidden it. 
This is better rendered in English, I have a short householdstuff. I have leisure, etc. The Verb [est] with the Dative [mihi] made elegantly for habeo: as instead of habeo curtam supellectilem, is used Est mihi curta supellex: the Accusative turned into the Nominative, and that which was the Nominative, made the Dative. So est tibi, illi, nobis, vobis, illis, for habes, habet, habemus, habetis, habent: Where the thing had is singular. But if that be plural, it is but changing the number, as Sunt mihi divitiae, I have riches. So deest mihi, tibi, illi, nobis argentum. I, thou, he, we want money. Desunt nobis necessaria, we want necessaries, or necessaries are wanting to us.    
A short household stuff is to me. Leisure is to me.  
Holy days are always to idle boys.  
Many things are wanting to luxury, to covetousness all.  


Some Verbs in the same signification govern a Dative and Accusative; as Allatro, antecedo, antecello, anteco, antesto, antevenio, anteverto, attendo, condono, illudo, incesso, insulto, occumbo, praecedo, praecurro, praeeo, praesto, praestolor, etc. Some may change their Dative into an Accusative with the Preposition [add] confero, conduco, accedo, incumbo, applico, confert sanitati vel ad sanitatem. Interdico, is most often read with a Dative and Ablative.  THere be some Verbs, whose Preposition  
Prae, ad, sub, ante, inter, post, with Con,  
Ob, in, and super, have immediate sway,  
O'er Datives, and compel them to obey.   
A fair day shine upon you.  
Vices creep upon us, under the notion of Virtues.  


When Verbs have after them a Nominative and a Dative, the Nominative may be also turned into the Dative; as palea est onus longo itineri, or palea est oneri longo itineri.  THis sum, with many other Verbs we see  
Have of two Datives a capacity.   
Chaff is even a burden to a long journey.  
He imputed this a fault to me.   

Verbs which govern the Accusative.  


Verbs transitives are, whose actions or force passeth into a Noun. Verbs Neuters belonging to sense, have the Cases of Actives.  VErbs Transitives the Fourth Case rule of that  
Which answereth to the question, who, or what?   
Even the fly hath a spleen.  
You hold an Eel by the tail.  
He savours of the Goat.  

SOme 
* Verbs Transitive or absolute Neuters whose action remaineth in the Verb, and can govern no Case of the word that answereth to the question [whom] or [what] unless it be of its own signification; as, Canit cantilenam, he sings a song: Currit cursum, he runs a race: Vivit vitam, he lives a life. This Accusative is elegantly made Ablative, if an Adjective be joined with it; as, Ibat rectâ viâ, he went a straight way: He died a sudden death, Morte obiit repentinâ.  the Fourth Case, or Ablative admit  
Of their own English sense, or kin to it.   
He sings the same song.  
He died a sudden death.  

TO Verbs that Ask, or Teach, 
The second Accusative may be varied by Prepositions, per, juxta, secundum, in, circa, ad. After Verbs of ask turn the Accusative of the person, into an Ablative, with the Prepositions, à, ab, de, è, or ex; as, Precare veniam à Deo, ask pardon from God. To these Verbs may be added induo, celo.  old custom gives  
A double chain to bind Accusatives.   
Want hath taught many men temperance.  
Ask God pardon.   

Verbs which govern an Ablative.  

POtior, fruor, utor, fungor, 
Potior is read with a genitive; as, Potiri rerum, to enjoy things: Where may be understood imperio.  give  
An entertainment to an Ablative.   
Use the world, enjoy God.  
He performs his duty.  

THe Manner, Cause, and Instrument we place,  
Next the Signs [by] or [with] in the Sixth case.   
The Dog will return to his vomit after his old manner.  
Pleasure begets distaste by continuance.  
The generous horse, is guided even with the the shadow of a rod.  

IN Ablatives we put the word of Price.  
So the affected part where passion lies.   
It cost a great price.  
That which is not necessary, is dear of a halfpenny.  
He halts of both feet.  

AN Ablative put Absolute is that  

Here is always a Participle expressed, or understood; when there are two Substantives, a Preposition may be understood, as Sub fortuna duce, which may be varied either by a Participle, Fortuna ducente, fortune guiding me, or by Conjunctions, dumb, cum, si, quando, postquam, ubi; as dejecta arbore, i.e. ubi arbor dejicitur, or quando arbor dejecta est, when the tree is, or shall be cast, Fortuna duce, i.e. Dum fortuna ducat.  On which a Participle still doth wait  
With the Sign [being,] it depends on none;  
But is made plain by some Conjunction.   
The Tree being thrown down, they gather wood.  
Fortune being my leader.   

Infinitives.  

INfinitives we clearly apprehend,  
Do upon Verbs and Adjectives depend.   
It is expedient to be old, only in Sparta  
Bold, to endure all things.   

Gerunds. 
g The Gerund in [Diego] is englished sometimes like a Participle of the present, and sometimes like the Infinitive active, and follow the Substantives or Adjectives that govern a Genitive case. Gerunds when they govern cases may elegantly be made Adjectives, and put in the cases of the Substantives, as ratio scribendi literas, is changed into ratio scribendarum literarum. Which Genitive is sometimes retained after the Gerunds in [Diego] for the avoiding of many like sounds.   

GErunds in [Diego] like Genitives do stand,  
When Substantives or Adjectives command.   
Nature hath given us here an Inn to rest.  
Expert in fight.  
The way of writing letters.  

GErunds in [Do] like Ablatives are known. 

à, ab, de, è, ex, cum, in, pro.  
Gerunds in [Do] & [Dum] may also be turned into Adjectives, and agree with the Substantive which is governed of the Preposition, as paratus in numerandâ pecuniâ. Praeceps ad loquendas fabulas.    
By Prepositions, or else placed alone.   
There is safety in being silent.  
Truth is lost by too much disputing.  
Quick in telling money  


When a necessity is expressed by [must] or [aught] in english, it may be made in latin by the Gerund in [Dum] with the Verb Est, and the Nominative turned into the Dative, as Serendum est nobis, we must sow. Some will not have this called a Gerund, but the Participle in [Does] substantively put in the Neuter Gender, It is to be sown by us, Et post malam segetem serendum est nobis. These may be varied by debeo, or oportet? as debemus serere, oportet nos serere, we ought to sow.  GErunds in [Dum] such cases imitate,  
As ob, ad, propter, inter, ante, wait.   
At a feast let men be Consonants, women Vowels, and maids Mutes.  
Be not over hasty to speak fables.   

Supines.  


The first Supine is used for the Infinitive Mood active, after Verbs of Motion, as Veniunt spectatum, for Veniunt spectare, They come to see.  FIrst Supines Active are, and Verbs do trace  
That signify some moving to a place.   
Why dost thou go to lose thyself.  
It is a part of folly to bring unwilling dogs to hunt.  


The latter for the Infinitive Passive, Turpedictu, for Turpe dici, it is base to be spoken.  LAst Supines we from Passive Verbs derive,  
Which still are governed by an Adjective.   
Meat easy to be digested.  
No ware is harder to be known than a woman.  

Word's that do come from Verbs, or Nouns, 
Participles Gerunds, Supines, Adverbs, do sometime govern those Cases which their Verbs did govern.  arrest  
Those Cases, which their Primitives possessed.   
Horses drawing the Mill, walk much, but gain little ground.  
We are all held with a desire of hearing news.  
They are gone to inquire of the Oracles.  
It is the part of a wise man to meet dangers.   

Of Time.  

THe Term of Time that doth to [when] reply, 
Sometimes these Cases are used with Prepositions, in, de, per, ante, ad, etc. In horas, every hour.   
In the Ablative is used properly.   
The moments of things are turned in a point of time.  
No man is wise at all hours.  

THe Space of time that to [how long] doth make 
Ad multam noctem, till late at night; in diem, for a day; the die, in diem, from day to day; in posterum, hereafter; jam multos annos est, it is now many years ago; understand [ante.]   
An answer, the Accusative may take.   
No man is so old, but he thinks he may live one year.  
He hath been conversant seven years in the University.   

Of Place.  


Where?  When [in] or [at] a place is meant, the name,  
If Proper, in the Genitive we frame.  
But if it Plural be, or you decline it  
After the third, to Ablative confine it.   
Archytas made at Tarentum a flying dove of wood.  
The Oracles cease at Delphos.  


Whither? From whence? Which way?  PLaces [to which] in the Fourth Case delight.  
[From] or [by which] the Ablatives invite.   
He carries Owls to Athens.  
It happens not to every one to go to Corinth.  
He went from Cambridge.  
He is to go by Rome.  

Domus and Rus, in the same Equipage,  

The Genitive Domi will agree with no Adjective but meae, tuae, suae, nostrae, vestrae, alienae. Domi meae, at my house; for if you use other Adjectives, you must use other Cases, as vescor domo amplâ, I feed in a great house, not amplae domi.  Like Proper Names, their several Case engage.   

Things are narrow at home.  
Go home.  
Returned from home.  
In the Country.  
Go to the Country.  
From the Country.    

Adverbs.  

THe First or Fourth, next En and Ecce place:  
Or the Fourth only, where you mean disgrace.   
Behold the man. See the impudence!  

ADverbs of Quantity, of Time, of Place,  
Instar and Ergo rule the Second Case. 
Instar is a Noun Substantive invariable, and signifies likeness, or to the proportion, or comparison, Instar montis Equum aedificant, They make a horse, as great, or to the proportion of a mountain, here [add] may be understood.    
Faith is certain in no place. Plenty of tales.  
In stead of all. For his sake.   

Conjunctions. 
These, nam, at, hast, ac, atque, et, aut, vel, nec, neque, si, quin, quatenus, sin seu, sive, ni, nisi sed, verum, begin a sentence, or are to be placed first; quidem, quoque, autem, verò, enim, are construed first, placed second; ergo, igitur, itaque, equidem, are placed first or second.   

COnjunctions do like Case and Tenses bind;  
And Moods are often by their power confined.   
I had rather find good men, than make them.  
Lose not thy spirit.   

Prepositions.  

TWice sixteen Prepositions stand prepared,  
In Front of the Accusatives a Guard.   
At the Greek Calends, i.e. never.  
Before the eyes.  

a, abs, sine, absque, coram, cum, de, è, ex, pro, prae, tenus.  At Supper.  

TWelve Prepositions, like a Jury give  
Their verdict only for the Ablative.   
He is 
† Officers are elegantly expressed in latin by the Preposition [a] with the Verb [est] and a Dative of the Possessor, or Master, Est regi à consiliis, a Counsellor to the King, or one of his Counsel; à pedibus, a foot man.  Cupbearer to the King.  
According to my strength.  
Face to face. Up to the hilt.  


Am, di, dis, re, se, con, are only read in composition.  FIve Prepositions equally embrace  
The Ablative, and the Accusing Case.   
In the open air.  
We bend to that which is forbidden.  

SOme Prepositions their own Cases meet  
When they Compound, and some themselves repeat.   
Thou shalt pass by none unsaluted.  
Come to the sire.   

Interjections.  

VOcatives follow Interjections, when  
They have pretence to speak to things, or men.   
Well done faithful servant.  
Hark, Good Sir.  

BUt breaking forth in Exclamation, they  
Make the First, Fourth, and the Fifth Case obey.   

Ah me wretched!  
O boy like to be learned!  
O most sad nights!   

BUt Hei and Vae like twins of grief embrace,  
Concluding sorrow with the Dative Case.   

Alas for me miserable!  
woe to you!     

Syntaxis.  
SYntaxis est debita ordinatio, & connexio Partium Orationis inter se, juxta usum Autorum probatissimorum.  

Partes sunt 

Concordantia &  
Regimen.     

Concordantia est Convenientia,  

1. Inter Nominativum & Verbum.  
2. Inter Substantivum & Adjectivum.  
3. Inter Antecedens & Relativum.    

Prima Concordannia directa.  

In his, tonat, pluit, fulminat, fulgurat, ningit, gelat, vesperascit, lucescit, etc. subintelligitur Deus, natura, caelum, aër, nox, dies, etc.  PErsonâ, & Numero, Rectis sua Verba cohaerent.  
Dum felis dormit saliunt mures.  
Oportet 
† Nominativus eleganter in Accusativum vertitur ante Verbum infinitum, cùm porest resolvi per [quod] vel [ut] Oportet mendacem esse memorem. Nota. Verbum inter duos Nominativos absimili numero, cùm posteriore aliquando convenit; ut, Conscientiâ mille sunt testes.  ut Mendax sit memor.   

Concordantia Secunda.  

Nota. Adjectiva & Relativa inter duo Substantiva diversi generis cùm posteriore supposito, in genere & numero, aliquando conveniunt; ut, Non omnis error stultitia est dicenda. Nemo tollit saxum qui limes ponitur.  SUnt Numero Genere & Casu conformia Fixis Adjectiva  
Bono loco res humanae sunt, quod nemo nisi suo vitio miser.   

Concordantia Tertia.  

OMne Relativum cum 
† Antecedente.  praecedente quadrabit  
In quibus est idem Numerus, Persona, Genusque   

* Personae nulla habitur ratio nisi Relativum immediatè praecedat Verbum.  
* Ille subintelligitur. Nota. Convenientia Sunstantivi & Antecedentis petenda est quandoque ex possessivo, ut exaudi vocem meam clamantis ad te, pro vocem mei clamantis, hear my voice, or the voice of me; Miror stultitiam vestram qui Aethiopem lavatis, pro stultitiā vestri, I wonder at your folly who wash an Aethiop, or the folly of you which, etc. Nostros vidisti flentis ocellos. Enallage numeri nostri pro mei.  Qui nimium properat, seriùs absolvit.  
Faenoramus ea quae collocamus in pauperes.  
Spartam quam nactus es, hanc orna.   

Figurata Concordantia. 
Suppositum dicitur Nominativus Substantivum vel Antecedens. ENALLAGE.   

SUppositum tribus est quicquid respondeat aptè,  
Si nomen non sit, velut invariabile fl●ctes.   
Est quaedam slere voluptas.  
Aliud cras, Alpha est litera.  
Velle suum cuique est.  

SIngula conjunctim valiant Pluraliter, horum  
Personam, 
† Appositum dicitur Verbum, Adjectivū & Relativū. SYLLEPSIS.  Appositum genus induit, & mage dignum▪   
Amicus & aurum ignibus sunt probandi.  
Ego & res mea valemus.  

Masculinum genus dignius est quàm Faemininum, & Faemininum quàm Neutrum, sed Neutrum praefertur utrique cùm de inanimatis est sermo, aqua & ignis sunt inexerabilia. Prima persona dignior est quàm secunda, secunda quàm tertia. [Cum] habet vim Conjunctionis.  Ille cùm fratre salvi sunt.  
PLuribus aequivalet vox 
* Collectivum est quod plura in singulari continet, & aequivalet plurali. Hujus naturae est partitivum, quod vel partem multitudinis significat, vel multa sigillatim; ut, aliquis, alius, alter, uter, neuter, uterque nullus, solus, ullus, quisque quisquis, quidam, quilibet, quicunq, unusquisque pauci, omnes, nemo, pro [nullus.] Synthesis fit tripliciter, Numero, ut turba ruunt. Genere, ut Eliphantus gravida. Numero & genere simul, ut Pars mersi.  Collectiva 
† Sc. numero.  Priori.  

SYNTHESIS.  Turba ruunt. Aperite aliquis ostium.  
Elephantus gravida.  
Pars mersi tenuêre ratem.   


Unaquaeque Pars ocationis regitur à proximê antecedenti, in constructione naturali & ordinata, praeter Relativum, quod regitur à sequenti Verbo vel vocabulo. Sicut, otiam, aequis, qualis, quot, quotus, uter. Eidem Verbo, diversi casus, diversae rationis apponi possunt. Nota. Quorum significatio est eadem, eadem est constructio.  Regimen, sive Constructio.  
Constructio Substantivorum. 
Genitivus in adjectivum possessivum mutatur; Carmen Virgilianum.   

SI duo concurrunt Patrio compone secundum,  
Posterius simul ac Dandi dignabere casu:  
Quum duo idem spirant, casu nectantur eodem.   
Anicularum deliramenta. Carmen Virgilii.  
Omne solum forti patria est.  

* Appositio.  Homo, Bulla, quid superbis?  
DEdecoris Genito aut Sexto, sic nomina laudis.  
Odi puerulos praecoci sapientiâ.  
Vir emunctae naris.  
Esto 
† Hic potest subintelligi Substantivum Vir, puer, etc.  praesenti animo.  
GAudet Opus Sexto fixum, quem postulat Usus.  
Non opus est illo cive, qui parere nescit.  
Vino vendibili non opus est hederà suspensâ.  


Masculinum solitariè ponitur cùm homo subintelligitur, ut justus, i.e. justus homo.  ADjectiva suis stant viribus, atque sequenti  
Neutra dabunt patrium, fixi sub Nominis umbrà   
Mali puniendi, ut non laedantur boni.  
Eveniunt multa 
* Multa, pro multae res. , quae non volumus.  
Multum condimenti, parum obsonii.   

Adjectiva quae regunt Genitivum.  

Excipe Verbalia in [bilis] quae passiuè significantia Dativum regunt; ut fortunae telis inviolabiles sunt Deorum filii.  ADjectiva petunt patrium Verbalia casum.  
Omnium formarum est capax.  
Natura amans est sobolis.  
Cupientissimus tuae amicitiae.  


Solicitus, securus, anxius, curiosus, incautus, usurpantur & cum Praepositione, ut de verbis sollicitus.  ILla quibus Studium est, Oblivio, Cura, Reatu●  
Cognitio, Timor, aut contrà, meruêre secundo   
Animalia lucis timida.  
Cupidus imperii miser est.  
Vix compos mentis fui.  

NOmine, vel Verbo si copia sit, vel egestas, 
Adjectiva variant casus per Praepositiones aliquando; Liber à metu.   
His Genitum aut Sextum fas est adjungere casum.   
Homo rimatum plenus.  
Vinum caret clavo.  
Aliorum medicus ipse ulceribus scates.  

PArtitiva 
* 
Vel partitive posita.  
Quis judex? Quis judicum? Quis inter judices? vel ex judicibus?   regunt Genites, Numeralia, Nomen  
Omne Rogativum, 
† Comparativum ad duo, Superlativum ad plura refertur.  medius gradus, atque supremus,  
Unde genus sibimet poterunt dignoscere certum.   
Omnium neque primus, neque pessimus.  
Simiarum pulcherrima est deformis.  
Leo animalium 
* Nonnulla conveniunt cum supposito Priore, ut leo animalium fortissimus. Rosa omnium florum pulcherrima, pro pulcherrimus.  fortissimum.   

Adjectiva quae regunt Dativum.  

ADjectiva quibus Favor est, aut grata voluptas,  
Obsequium, vel contra, imponunt fraena Dativo.   
Aurora musis amica,  
Sua Patriae cuique est jucundissima.  

UTile, longinquum, cùm significabitur aptum,  

Plaeraque commodi & aptitudinis efferuntur & cum Praepositione [ad,] pronus ad iram, necessaria ad victum, natus ad lepores. Sic facilis, intentus, aptus, commodus, habilis, promptus, opportunus, proclivis, utilis, assuetus, appositus. Reperire est similitudinis Adjectiva aliquando cum Genitivis. Par hujus.  Aequale, aut contra, Dandi substernito casum.   
Pudor mendico inutilis.  
Similis lactuca labris.  
Fumo flamma proxima.  

PRoprius, 
* Immunis & alienus variantur quandoque per Praepositiones, Immunes ab illis malis sumus.  immunis, alienus [junge] superstes;  
Communis, Terno casu, patrióque fruantur.   
Commune mihi tecum.  
Commune Stoicorum.   

Adjectiva quae regunt Accusativum.  

IN quarto sextóve, rei mensura quiescit,  

Longus, latus, altus, crassus, profundus, etc. quandoque, sed rariùs Genitivo.  Atque loci spacium, post Verba & Nomina, Casu.   
Muri Babylonic ducentos ped●s alti, lati quinquaginta.  
A rectâ conscientiâ nè latum unguem recedas.  
Sesquipede longum.   

Adjectiva quae regunt Ablativum.  
QUam post 
* Comparativa. Magis habet rationem Adjectivi Comparativi, item malo ex magis & volo; ut malim granum hordei omnibus gemmis.  Collativa solent exponere Sexto.  
Corvi lusciniis sunt honorationes.  
Dimidium plus toto.  
Patriae fumus alieno igne luculentior.  
FRetus amat Sextum, 
* Dignus, & Indignus, admittunt rariùs Genitivum. Indignus avorum. supple nomine vel fama. Sum, forem, sio, existo, cluco vel cluo, audio pro habeor, Appelior, dicor, vocor, videor, nuncupor, habeor, existimor, judicor, nascor, al●aque fere omnia passiva; Incedo, eo, venio, cubo, sedeo, evado, somnio, dormio, manco; Horum Infinitiva habent utrinque eosdem casus: Malo esse dives, malo me esse divitem. Mediocribus esse poetis. Non homines, non Dii, non concessere Columnae.  Dignusque Indignus eundē.  
Dignum patella operculum.  
Vestrâ fretus patientiâ.   

Constructio Verborum quae regunt Nominativum.  

QUae Substant, Passiva Vocandi, verb●que Gestus  
Cum spectant eadem, Recti comitentur utrinque   
Mulier domus salus est aut calamitas  
Fies malus contubernio malorum.  
Nemo nascitur artifex.   

Verba quae regunt Genitivum.  


Munus, officium vel proprium subintelligitur, ideo non respondetur mei, tui, sui, etc. sed meum, tuum, suum, nostrum, vestrum.  ESt Genitum, quoties possessio significatur,  
Aut si proprietas, aliquod vel munus habetur.   
Pauperis est numerare pecus.  
Non sentire mala non est hominis.  
Non ferre, non est viri.  
VOx Patrium, aut sextum Poenae vel Criminis optat.  
Senectutem omnes ut adipiscantur optant, eandem molestiae accusant adepti.  
Condemnabo eodem ego te crimine.  
Res adversae nos commonefaciunt officii.  
VUlt Genitum satago, misereri, sic miseresco.  
Alterius rei satagit.  
Misereor 
* Vel misereor vicem tui.  tui.  

PŒnitet atque piget, taedet, miserétque pudétque  
Post quartum patrios cupiunt adsciscere Casus.   
Quem facti poenitet, ferè est innocens.  

GIgnendi casum, aut quartum Reminiscor habebit,  

Non me, ne, se, post memini & oblitus, sed mei, tui, sui.  Obliviscor, item memini, verbumque recordor.   
Natalium tuorum reminiscere.  
Ingratus beneficiorum obliviscitur.  
Recordare novissima.  

INtererit, Refert, Genito, 
Adjiciuntur Genitivi, tanti, quanti, magni, parvi, plurimi, ad verbialiter. Mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestra, quidam Accusativos esse contendunt, & subintelligi officia vel munera.  Pronomina demas  
Foemineis Sextis quae Possessiva fruuntur.   
Cujusque interest.  
Meâ refert.   

Verba quae regunt Dativum. 
Quaedam feruntur in Accusativo cum Praepositione [ad] ut voco, incendo, etc. & Verba motus. Respondeo tam Dativo quàm Accusativo.   
PErsonae, atque Rei [cui quid] concede Dativum.  
Rete non milvo tenditur.  
Aureos mihi montes pollicetur.  

QUod credit, prodest, placet, auxiliatur, obaudit,  
Vel contra, Dandi poterit constringere Casum. 
Excipe juvo, laedo, offendo, quae Accusativum regunt, & doleo, Accusativum rei, ut tua damna dole.    
Satius est mederi initiis quam fini.  
Desperant fortunis suis.  
Lupus insidiatur ovili.  

SI Venia, Imperium, seu designabitur illis  
Ira, vel Eventus, sequeretur Verba Dativus. 
Tempero, moderor, aliquando Accusativo leguntur, jub●● rariùs Dativo. Dominari in suos.    
Animum natalibus aeques,  
Sapiens dominabitur astris.  
Ignoscas aliis multa, tibi nihil.  

QUae tollunt, arcent, & quae conferre notantur,  
Dissidium quibus est, aliqua aut distantia, casum  
Ternum optant, Sexto quem mutant praepositurae.   
Superbia Deum, Invidia proximum, Ira meipsum 
* Vel à me.  mihi aufert.  
Aquilam noctuae comparas 
† Verba comparandi admittunt [ad] vel cum. Aquilam comparas ad noctuam, vel cum noctua.   
MUtandum Sexto cupiunt Passiva Dativum.  
Vltima dies semper expectetur 
* Hìc Dativus vertitur in Ablativum cum Praepositione [à] vel [ab] ut Vltima dies semper expectetur ab homine. Literae ornant Nobilitatem.  homini.  
Nobilitas ornatur literis.  

Est cum Dativo [mihi] ponitur pro habeo. Est tibi, est illi, est nobis, etc. pro habeo, habes, habet, habemus, etc. Sic Deest mihi, tibi, illi argentum, etc. Desunt nobis libri. Desunt illis necessaria, (i. e.) Non habemus libros. Non habent necessaria.  SUm cum progenie, nisi possum, fige Dativis.  
Est mihi curta supellex, 
* Otium est mihi, (i.e.) Vacat mihi: In quibus significatio est eadem, constructio est eadem.  Otium est mihi.  
Ignavis pueris semper feriae sunt.  
Luxuriae desunt multa, avaritiae omnia.  

VErba regunt Dandi casum, si particula, Ob, Con,  
Ante, Sub, Inter, Ad, In, Prae, Post, Super, additur illis.   
Candidus tibi 
* i.e. Precor ut candidus dies illucescat. Allatro, antecedo, antecello, ●nteeo, antesto, antevenio, anteverto, attendo, condono, illudo, incesso, ●nsulto, occumbo, praecedo, praecurro, praeco, praesto, praestolor, etc. ●udem significatione Dativum vel Accusativum regunt. Confero, conduco, accedo, incumbo, applico, etc. Dativum vel Accusativum cum Praepositione [ad]. Interdico saepiùs cum Dativo & Ablativo; Interdico tibi aquâ & igni. Aspicio, invenio, ●deo, admiror, alloquor, adjuvo, invado, praeverto, subeo, obeo, ad●●ro, Accusativum planè regunt  illucescat dies.  
Vitia obrepunt nobis sub nomine virtutum.  
SUm gaudet duplici, sic plurima Verba, Dativo. 
Do, duco, verto, tribuo, habeo: Do tibi laudi, pignori, dono, fenori.   
Longo itineri etiam palea oneri est.  
Hoc mihi vitio dedit.   

Verba quae regunt Accusativum.  
Quorun 
† Verba vocantur transitiva qourum actio transit.  transit opus, post, sumunt omnia Quartos.  
Habet & musca splenem.  
Cauda anguillam tenes.  

* Verba ad sensus pertinentia saepè pro activis sumuntur; olet, sapit, sonat, spirat; i.e. odore, sapore, sono, spiritu exprimit.  Olet Hircum.  


Verba Neutraintransitiva sunt quorum vis & significacatio immanet; ut in curro, vivo.  COgnati Quartum sermonis Neutra tenebunt,  
Hanc Ablativo ponit variatio vocem.   
Eandem canit cantilenam.  
Morte obiit repentinâ.  


Hic variatio potest fieri per Praepositiones; Erudiit te leges, id est, juxta leges: Coegit me haec heri immodestia, id est ad haec.  OPtabunt Quartos, gemino sibi sumere nexu  
Sive docent aliquid, vel signant verba precar●   
Temperantiam multos docuit penuria.  
Precare 
† à Deo.  Deum veniam.   

Verba quae regunt Ablativum.  
HÆc Sextum, potior, fruor, utor, fungor, amabun●  
Utere mundo, fruere Deo.  
Officio suo fungitur.  
GAudent Causa-Rei Modus, Instrumentáque Sexto. 
Ad Modun referri potest adjunctum; ad Causam materia; sed intellecta Praepositione.   
Canis redibit ad vomitum suo more,  
Voluptas assiduitate fastidium parit.  
Generosus equus vel umbrâ virgae regitur.  
IN Sexto Precium, sic, quo fit passio membrum. 
Hi Genitivi adverbiascunt solitarii, tanti, quanti, hujus, magni, plu●is, minoris, plurimi, parvi, minimi; his addunt boni, & Substantiva flocci, nauci, nihili, pili, assis, teruntii: quibus subintel●igi potest precio. Pars sive membrum in Genitivo aliquando ●onitur, Discrucior animi: poëticè in Accusativo, Ossa fremit, ●ntellige quoad, vel secundùm, ut Graecis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Valeo interdum ●dmittit Accusativum.   
Magno constitit.  
Quod non opus est, asse carum est.  
Utroque pede claudicat.  

NOmen erit Sexto, 
Hìc adjectum est semper Participium, vel intelligitur fictum [ente] vel [existente,] Fortunâ existente duce, vel ducente: et resolvitur per Praepositiones dum, cum, si, quando, postquam, ubi; ut, Dejectâ arbore, i.e. ubi arbor dejicitur, vel, quando dejecta erit arbor: Fortunâ duce, i.e. si fortuna ducat, vel, quando dux fuerit; vel hìc intelligi potest Praepositio, sub fortuna duce.  proprio moderamine junctum  
Participi, donec sua conjunctura resolvat.   
Dejectâ arbore, ligna colligunt.  
Fortunâ duce.   

Infinitiva Verba.  

Impersonale [est] pro licet, fieri potest, vel fas est, Infinitivum praecedit; ut Cernere erat.  MObile, vel Verbum solet Infinita praeire.  
In sola Sparta expedit senescere.  
Audax omnia perpeti.   

Gerundia.  

Gerundium in Di ponitur loco Genitivi, post Substantiva vel Adjectiva. Accusativus pluralis aliquando vertitur in Genitivum, cùm Gerundium mutatur in Adjectivum; ut, pro Rati● scribendarum literarum, dicitur, Ratio scribendi literarum, nec invenustè. Quandoque Gerundia significant passiuè; Athenas erudiendi gratiâ missus.  DI finita jube comitare Gerundia nomen.  
Natura hîc commorandi nobis diversorium dedit.  
Gnarus bellandi.  
Ratio scribendi literas.  

QUae Sexto praesunt in Do finita praeibunt  
Particulae, modo grassantur sine praeposituris.   
In silendo securitas.  
Nimium altercando veritas amittitur.  
In numerando 
* Vel in numeranda pecunia paratus. Gerundia in Do passiuè significantia Dativi constructionem subeunt per Elipsin, sc. par, habilis, idoneus, aptus, bonus, etc. Non sum solvendo.  pecuniam paratus.  
DUm finita, loco Quarti, Praepos'ta gubernant. 
Cùm significatur necessitas, Gerundium in [dum] ut quidam volunt, ponitur absolutè cum Verbo [est], & Nominativus in Accusativum vertitur. Alii hoc fieri contendunt per Participium in [dus]; ut, Et post malam segetem serendum est nobis: vel,   
Inter convivandum sint viri consonantes, mulieres vocales, puellae mutae.  
Ne sis praeceps ad loquendum 
* ad loquendas fabulas.  fabulas.   

Supina.  
ACtivum Prius est, & motus Verba sequetur.  
Cur te is 
† Variari potest per Gerundium: Cur is ad perdendum te? per Participium, Cur is te perditurus? per Modum Subjunctivum, Cur is ut te perdas?  perditum?  
Stultitiae est ducere venatum invitos canes.  
MObilibus subsunt bene Posteriora Supina.  
Cibus concoctu facilis.  
Nulla merx difficilior cognitu quàm foemina.  

Participia, Gerundia, Supina, Adverbia regunt aliquando Casus eorum à quibus derivantur.  DErivata regunt Casus quos Prima tulêrunt.  
Equi molam trahentes multum ambulant, parum promovent.  
Omnes desiderio tenemur audiendi nova.  
Scitatum oracula profecti sunt.  
Prudentis est obviam ire periculis   

De Tempore.  

Aliquando & Accusativus legitur interdum Praepositiones usurpantur.  [QUando] quid est, Sextus tibi Casus Temporis ad sit.  
Puncto temporis rerum momenta vertuntur.  
Nemo omnibus horis sapit.  
[QUamdiu] amat Quartos, aliquando assumere Sextos.  
Nemo tam senex, quin se annum putet posse vivere.  
Septem annos in Academia versatus est.   

De Loco. [Ubi.]  

[IN quo] pone loci proprium, Primaeve, 
Ubi? Sic usurpantur humi, militiae, belli: Serpit humi nimium tutus: caetera appellativa, & Nomina majorum locorum, sequuntur Praepositiones. Vivit in Anglia, Ad Templum ivit.  Secundae  
Flexurae Patrio, Sexto sed nomina Ternae.  
Propria item Sextis, si sint pluralia tantum.   
Tarenti fecit Archytas ligneam Columbam volatilem.  
Delphis Oracula cessant.  

[AD quos] disce locos proprios componere Quartis. 
Quò? Unde? Quà?   
[A quibus] aut [per quae] loca ponas propria Sextis.   
Noctuas Athenas portat.  
Non cuivis contingit adire Corinthum.  
Discessit Cantabrigiâ.  

† vel per Romam.  Româ, profecturus est.  
[RUs] tamen atque [Domus] propriorum castra sequuntur.  

Res angusta 
* Domi non alios patitur genitivos quam meae, tuae, suae, nostrae, vestrae, alienae: Si alia Adjectiva addantur, aliis utendum Casibus, ut Vescor domo ampla, non amplae.  Domi.  
Ite Domum.  
Reversus Domo.  
ruri.  
rus.  
rure.    

Adverbia.  
[EN] Primo aut Quarto, quibus oblectaverit [Ecce.]  
Ecce homo! En impudentiam!  


Instar potiùs est Substantivum invariabile, & significat Similitudinem, vel, ad similitudinem;  TEmporis atque loci, quantíque Adverbia quaedam  
Arrident Patrio, sic utimur [instar] & [ergô.]   
Nusquam loci tuta fides. Abunde fabularum.  
Instar omnium. Illius ergô 
† Illius causâ.    

Conjunctiones.  

Conjunctiones quaedam, etsi aliquando videntur separare, dictiones tamen ex sua natura conjungant: aut, ve, vel, seu, sive.  COgit saepè Modos, ligat et Conjunctio Casus.  
Mallem invenire bonos, quàm facere.  
Ne perdas animum.   

Praepositiones. 

Praepositio nes quaedam postponuntur, figuratiuè, sed hae saepius.  
mecum. coelum usque.  
collo tenus. scholam versus. te penes.    

ISta satellitii glomerabunt agmina Quartis:  
Circiter, adversum, cis, citra, adversus & extra,  
Erga, apud, ante, secus, trans, supra, versus, ad, infra,  
Ultra, post, praeter, propter, prope, pone, secundùm,  
Per, circum, circa, contra, juxta, inter, ob, intra, usque, penes.   
Ad Graecas Calendas.  
Ob oculos.  
Inter coenam.  
SUnt Ablativo bis Sex sua vota ferentes. 
à, abs, sine, absque, coram, cum, de, è, ex, pro, prae, tenus. Tenus aliquando regit Genitivum Pluralem, cum de duobus sermo est, ut, aurium tenus.   
Est Regi à poculis.  
pro viribus.  
ore tenus. capulo tenus.  
QUinque dabunt Sexto, aut Quarto, 
In, sub, super, subter, clam.  sua vincula partes.  
Sub dio.  
nitimur in vetitum.  
JUnctae aliis casum retinent, aliquando redundant.  
Neminem praeteribis insalutatus.  
Accede ad ignem.   

Interjectiones.  
ALloquitur quoties, fert Interjectio Quintum.  
Euge Serve fidelis.  
Heus bone vir.  
CLamantes Recto, Quarto, Quintoque praeibunt.  

Ah me miserum!  
O puer future doctus!  
O tristissimae noctes!   
COncludunt Hei, Vae, cruciatibus atque Dativis.  

Hei misero mihi!  
Vae vobis!     

FIGURAE aliquot usitatiores Etymologiae & Syntaxeos.  

Has (variis rontibus expromptas) propter concinnitatem hic discant pueri; Caeterae Rhetoricam spectant, Vel Poeticen, de quâ fusius agetur, nisi quae facta sunt, futuris typis malè ominentur.  
* gnatus, pro natus.  Prothesis apponit capiti, quod 
† tetuli, pro tuli.  Aphaeresis aufert.  

* jusso, pro jussero.  SYncope de medio tollit, quod 
† relligio, pro religio.  Epenthesis infert.  

* ingeni, pro ingenii.  A Pocope sinem tollit, quem dat 
† dicier, pro dici.  Paragoge.  
LIterulae 
* olli, pro illi. faciundum, pro faciendum.  Antistechon erit mutatio justae.  
SI sedem mutant Elementa, 
* Thymber, pro Thymbre.  Metathesis esto.  
VErba secans aliud solet interponere 
* quae mihi cunque, pro quaecunque mihi.  Imesis.  

SI Persona minor, genus aut indignius ullum  
Concipitur digno magis, haec 
* ego & tu sumus. Rex & Regina mortui.  Syllepsis habetur.   

Suppositis multis si Verbum serviat unum,  
Aut Adjectivun, Schema istud 
* Hic illius arma, hic currus fuit. hircus tibi salvus, & haedi.  Zeugma vocatur.   
PArtibus & supplet quod erat generale 
* Alter in alterius jactantes lumina vultus.  Prolepfis.  

* aperite aliquis. pars maxima caesi.  Synthesis est sermo sensu, non voce cohaerens.  

SI modus, aut tempus, numerus, persona, genúsve,  
Vel partes ipsae mutentur, 
* spargere, pro spargebat.  Enallage fertur.   
SI desunt aliquae voces, 
* non est solvendo. ubi ad Dianae veneris.  Ellipsis habetur. 
Supple idoneus vel habilis. Supple Templum Dianae.   
VOcibus exuperat 
* hisce oculis vidi.  Pleonasmus, & Emphasm auget.  
DIgna praeire, solet postponere 
* mecum. transtra per.  Anastrophe verba. 
cum me, per transtra.   

* pateris libamus & auro, pro aureis pateris.  HEndiadis liquefit quoties in mobile fixum.  
ORdine converso submutat 
* videt hos ortus, pro hi vident ortum.  Hypallage verba.  

* postquam tetigit fluctus, & ad aequora venit.  Hysteron est Proteron rerum praepostera sedes. 
Postquam venit ad● aequora & tetigit sluctus.   

* aetas, ingenium, vires, generatque, fovetque, necatque.  Dialyton tollit nexus, Polysyndeton auget.  

vel vestra est urbs, quam urbem statuo.  
* urbem quam statuo est vestra, pro urbs quam, etc.  ANtiptofis amat pro Casu ponere Casum.  

* abstinet irarum.  Hellenismus erit cum graeca imitatio fiat.  

apud veteres verbalia in [io] regebant casus verborum.  DIcitur 
* pictaï pro pictae. Quid tibi curatio est hanc rem.  Archaïsmus vox, aut constructio prisca.  

Vocis & Orationis vitia.  
BArbarismus erit si vox corrumpitur una:  
Esto Solaecismus vitiosa oratio quaevis.  
FINIS.