SOME REFLECTIONS ON A MODEL NOW IN Projection BY THE Presbyterian Dissenters.  
WITH A CIRCULAR LETTER Intimating It.  
LONDON: Printed for E. Whitlock near Stationers-Hall, MDCXCVIII.   

The Circulary Letter.  
Newberry, June 7. 98. For Mr. S. Minister of the Gospel in Oxford. 
 Reverend Sir,  
I Had a Letter last Week by the Direction of the Committee of Ministers and Gentlemen, appointed at London for settling a Correspondence of the Protestant Dissenting Ministers and Congregations throughout this Kingdom; for the Advancement of the Interest of Religion, and Reformation of Manners; with the Articles there agreed upon in order thereunto; and I desire you, Communicate them speedily to the Brethren in these Parts: And if possible, a General Meeting must be had this Summer in London.  
Pursuant thereunto, it is desired that you would not fail to come yourself, and bring with you one Prudent Person of your Congregation, Chosen for that End, according to the Method resolved on at London, to meet several of the Brethren, and the Members of their respective Congregations here at Newberry, on Wednesday the 22 Instant, to consider of the said Proposals; which shall be laid before you, and the proper Method to Attain so desirable an End.  
You are desired to be here on Tuesday in the Evening that we may enter on our Work on Wednesday Morning, Resolving God willing, to spend some time in Prayer before we begin. I am  
SIR, Your Affectionate Brother and Servant in the Lord, W. T.   

SIR,  
ON the Receipt of yours, I laboured to get the fullest Account of that Project; which in a Circular Letter, directed to another of your Name, fell by Chance into your Hands: But by all the Interest I can make with that sort of Men, I find it impossible for me to penetrate into the Bottom of the Contrivance; or inform myself from what Spring it had its Rise; and therefore must be Content with the Light your Paper gives me of it; only I must confess, that whatever may be hereafter Attempted, I am of Opinion, that at present it is but in Proposition and Design.  
But, tho' necessitated to this Brevity about your Enquiry, I will be more large in showing the Illegality of their Model: And to this End, I will, as a Foundation of what I have to say, set down the Project; and give my Reasons why I judge it to be Illegal, and Unsafe for them to Ripen it into Act.  
The Project, if I take you right, is as follows: 1. There are to be Lesser Meetings of their Ministers; and one or two Lay-Elders of every Congregation within a certain District every Three Months: That is (as I understand it, and I think with good Reason) there must be Classical Assemblies every three Months.  
2. These Lesser Assemblies, or Classes, are to choose one Minister, and two other Discreet Persons or Lay-Elders of their Number, to manage a Correspondence either with the Larger Meetings in the Country, or the General Assembly in London.  
3. That there be an Union of several Districts or Classes in one Larger Meeting once every Six Months, where the Ministers and Lay-Elders of the said Classes shall meet, either in Person, or by their Representatives, called by 'em Delegates.  
4. That this Assembly do Appoint One Person to manage the Correspondence, (i. e.) as I conceive, a Praeses; who in Vacancy of this Provincial Council, is in Conjunction with other Precedents; and the General Committee in London, to maintain the Correspondence for the better Government of their Church.  
5. The Larger or Provincial Assemblies shall send one Minister, and one Lay-Elder as their Delegates, to a General Meeting to be held once a Year in London, or oftener if Occasion (not the King) requireth it.  
6. That these Delegates bring with them Testimonials of their Delegations.  
7. That the Ministers do carefully observe, and faithfully relate to the Provincial, and National Assemblies the State of their Congregations respectively.  
8. That the whole be digested into a Method, and Recorded in a Register.  
This is I think, a true and impartial Account of their New-Model, which is no more nor less than a National Church-form, wanting nothing that is Essential thereunto: For 1. The Design is the settlement of Matters Ecclesiastical, according to their own Methods and Rules. 2. They have Ordained that there be Ecclesiastical, Provincial, and National Assemblies, answerable to the Diocesan, Provincial, and National Convocations. 3. Their Power is stretched unto the utmost Parts of the Kingdom, taking in every one that will submit unto them; which is the most our Church can do during the Suspension of Penal Laws. 4. They have appointed stated Assemblies, Provincial, and National, to be held without the King's Writ of Summons, who are to agree on Rules for Church Government without a Commission from the King, and send them forth tho' not confirmed by the King's Letters Patents, which our Church cannot do, without incurring Grievous Penalties; They assume to themselves an unlimited Power, and want only the Formality of a Law to give to their General Meetings the Names of Magna servorum Dei Frequentia, and Church-Gemote, as also that of Convocation, or Synodical Convention.  
The next thing of which I'll give you a View, is the Reasons proving the Illegality of this National-Church-Form, and the Danger of putting it into Act, or Execution.  
First then, it's well known to the Learned in our Laws, That none of his Majesty's Liege People of what denomination soever may Assemble to Entreat of Matters Ecclesiastical for the Reformation of Manners, as in the Case before us, unless called by the King's Writ; nor may they without the Royal Assent entreat of, or make any Constitutions, Rules, or Cannons by what Name or Names soever they are called; nor can they Promulge, or Execute them when made, until confirmed by Letters Patents under the Great-Seal without incurring the Penalty of 25 H. 8. c. 19 whereby 'tis Enacted, That none shall promulge, or execute any Cannons, Constitutions, or Ordinances Provincial by whatsoever Name or Names they may be called in time Coming which shall be assembled by Authority of the King's Writ, unless the same Clergy may have the King's most Royal Assent to make, promuige, and execute such Cannons Provincial, or Synodal, upon pain of every one doing contrary to this Act, and being thereof Canvict, to suffer Imprisonment, and make Fine at the King's Will.  
The Crime is manifest, and so is the Penalty; so that in case the Dissenting Ministers shall have their Assemblies, whether Classical, Provincial, or National, and entreat of, make, promulge, or put in Execution any Cannons, Constitutions, or Rules, by what Name or Names soever they are called: Or, if there hath been an Assembly, whether of Twenty Four of their Clergy alone, or part Clergy, part Lay-Elders, who have form, promulged, and put in Execution divers Rules about Matters Ecclesiastical, in either of these Cases they fall within the Words of this Act, and are liable to the Pains of Imprisonment, and of making Fine at the King's Will.  
Secondly, If these Men shall at any time presume to make, or put in Execution any Cannons or Rules about Classical, Provincial, or National Assemblies, such Rules are not only against the King's Prerogative, but Contrariant, and Repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of this Realm, and the Pain no less than a Praemunire.  
In 25 H. 8. cap. 19 there is a Proviso against all such Constitutions, Cannons, or Rules. It is in these words: Provided always, that no Cannons, Constitutions, or Ordinances shall be made, or put in Execution within this Realm, by Authority of the Convocations of the Clergy, which shall be Contrariant, or Repugnant to the King's Prerogative Royal, or the Customs, Laws, or Statutes of this Realm, etc.  
Now if a Convocation called by the King's Writ, and enabled by the Royal Licence to make Cannons, may not make, nor put in Execution such as are Repugnant to the King's Prerogative, etc. much less may any Assembly of the King's Liege People do so, who have neither the King's Writ, nor Royal Licence. And it's Remarkable, that 'twas the Opinion of the Learned in the Law, That had not the Assembly of 1640. been a Convocation, the Cannons then made, would have been (according to the Vote of the ensuing Parliament) against the Fundamental Laws of the Realm; and against the King's Prerogative; whereby they would have justly incurred a Praemunire.  
The Laws of this Land are so Tender in this Point, that about Church-Matters they'll not admit of the least Usurpation, or Encroachment on the King's Prerogative: For instance, If the King by his Letters Patents should appoint one to be a Bishop, and limit the Dean and Chapter to Choose, and the Archbishop to Consecrate him within Twenty Days, and they Act contrary to this Limitation, they do thereby run into the Dangers, Pains and Penalties of the Statute of Provisors, and Praemunire made in 25 E. 3. cap. 1. and 16 R. 2. cap. 5. Ay, and their Aiders, Counsellors, and Abettors, incur the same Punishment by 25 H. 8. cap. 20.  
These Gentlemen then, should they promulge, or put in Execution any Rules contrariant to the King's Prerogative; the Encroachment hereby made upon it, is much greater than what is done in the Case aforesaid, and the Penalties not less: And it's certain, that all Rules made for the Calling of Provincial or National Assemblies; without the King's Writ, is to the Disberison of the Crown. And they, their Aiders, Counsellors, and Abettors, cannot escape a Praemunire.  
Besides, the appointing Classical, Provincial, and National Assemblies about Church-Matters, is not only a Blow at the King's Prerogative, but at the Customs, Laws, and Statutes of this Realm: For whatever is against the Prerogative Royal, hath been always deemed to be contrariant to the Common Law of the Land, as what is contrary to Common Law is also against God's Law. Ley d'Angleter est found'n sur le Ley de Dieu. And Ley de Exe, & Ley de Dieu sont tout un. The Law of England is founded upon the Law of God. And, The Law of the Land, and the Law of God are all one: And consequently, Encroachments on the King's Prerogative, are not only to the prejudice and disherison of the King and of his Crown, but to the disherison of all his Subjects, and to the undoing, and destruction of the Common Law of this Realm; as may be seen in the Preamble of the Statute of 27 E. 3. cap. 1. Furthermore,  
Rules about Classical, Provincial, and National Assemblies as to Matters Ecclesiastical, are not only consequentially, but directly against the Laws of the Land, as they are contrary to the Rubrics and Cannons; and those Statutes which have confirmed and established them.  
That Rules about Classical, Provincial, and National Assemblies, are against the Cannons of 1603. is too obvious and plain to be denied: And my Lord Chief Justice Vaughan avers, That if Cannon Law be made part of the Law of this Land, then is it as much the Law of the Land, and as well, and by the same Authority as any other part of the Law of the Land. Edes & Walt. Bishop of Oxford's Case. And whatever is the Law of the Kingdom, is as much the Law as any thing else that is so; for what is Law doth not, suscipere magis aut minus, Hill & Good's.  
And the Cannons of 1603. are Established by 25 H. 8. cap. 18. For the Convocation in which they were made, was called by the King's Writ, and enabled by the King's Commission to entreat, make, and promulge Cannons and Constitutions which were confirmed by Letters Patents under the Great Seal. Besides, Cannons for the setting up Assemblies, etc. are directly contrariant, and repugnant unto the Act of Uniformity, by which the Government of our Church is Established: So that should these Gentlemen make any such Cannons or Rules, 'twill be impossible for them to Escape a Praemunire. They must not think to come off by telling us, They design not to intermeddle with the National Church-Form; nor to set up an Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, but only a Brotherly, and amicable Correspondence: That they use not the Terms Classical, Provincial, or National: Nor do they impose any Cannons or Constitutions upon their Brethren: They do but send them their Proposals or Methods for Regulating their Correspondencies. To which 'tis answered:  
1. That this is but Protestatio, facto contrario, it being evident they design the Regulating such matters as are of Ecclesiastical Conusance, as the advancing Religion, Unity, and Love, and the Reformation of Manners are.  
2. The Project proposed is a National Church-form. For in it are Cannons appointing stated Times for their several Assemblies, and ordaining, that they shall be made up of Ministers and Lay-Elders; and that they shall be of three distinct sorts, as the Established Assemblies are; so that tho' they use not the Terms Classical, Provincial, and National, yet they secure the Thing.  
3. Tho' they do carefully lay aside the word Classical, lest by its use they should frighten us, before they have maturated what is now in design; yet have they selected other Terms, importing Jurisdiction in using the word Districts, into which they have distributed their several Congregations. For Districtus est Tractus, in quo Dominus Vasallos, & Tenentes suos distringere potest: Justitiae exercendae in eo tractu facultas. Whence it is lib. 2. Teudor. Tit. 54. Qui allodium vendiderit districtum & Jurisdictionem Imperatoris vendere non praesumat. Besides, the Clergy have adopted it, and Pope Boniface in his Bull anno 1033. has Consecrated it, Maneantque sub Judicio, & Districtu vestro. Agreeably hereunto the lesser, and larger Districts are to send unto the General Assembly in London their Delegates, to whom they give in their Testimonials, or Dedimus potestatem, or Commission. For Delegatus is dicitur, which for the most part in the understanding of the Common Law, is as much as Delegatio with the Civilians. For Delegatus is dicitur, cui Causa committitur terminanda, vel exequenda vices delegantis repraesentans, & in Jurisdictione nihil proprium habens: The reason is, because Delegatus Jurisdictionem non suo Jure, sed alieno beneficio habet. They have also their Committees, that is, Persons to whom the consideration, and ordering their Church Matters is committed, which is usual in Convocations as well as Parliaments: And their National Assembly they call General Committee, perhaps to tell us they'll imitate their Neighbours, and be as Parliamentary in their Proceed as may be; and to this end, Resolve their Assembly into a Committee of the whole House: In a word, they have also a Register, that is, Books, or Rolls, wherein are Recorded the Proceed of their Spiritual Court.  
4. Tho' they call not their Proposals by the Names of Constitutions, Cannons, or Ordinances, yet are they of the same Nature; and being designed for the regulating Matters of Ecclesiastical Conusance, they are within 25 H. 8. cap. 19 And it's well known, that when several Parish Ministers of the Puritan way, had in the Reign of the Queen, their Assemblies at Wadsworth, London, Oxford, Northamptonshire, and other Places, tho' with a Protestation, 'twas only in Subordination, and not in Opposition to the Established Government; and tho' they acted with much greater Caution than these Gentlemen, (if they go on with their Project) do, yet could they not escape Imprisonment and Ruin: And it must be confessed, that the Methods taken by the Popes to get their Decrees received by the English Church, was by Clothing 'em under soft Names, and modest Terms, such as Rogationes; which they entreated us for the promoting of Holiness to submit unto.  
Once more, the Statutes of Provisors are so strictly penned against Offenders, that the laying aside the Common Terms in use amongst ecclesiastics, and taking up new ones, cannot Screen them from the Pains and Dangers of a Praemunire. For they do extend, not only to Usurpations and Encroachments made on the Royal Power by Papists, but to all Persons whatsoever (as my Lord Cook saith) of what Quality or Sex soever; The words be, If any.  
2. To all Courts of what Jurisdiction soever, or whether holden by Right, or by Wrong; the word alibi, is of a large Extent, so large you see, as to take in these gentlemen's stated Assemblies for Reformation of Abuses, etc.  
3. To all Things whatsoever, Where any thing; which words are as general as can be, etc.  
3. There are some Circumstances affecting the Convocation of 1640. which may justly frighten these Gentlemen from having any hand in such a Project: For it's certain that this Convocation was called by the King's Writ; That as soon as they assembled, the Archbishop produced a Commission under the Great Seal, by Authority whereof they might, according to 25 H. 8. cap. 19 propose, entreat, consult, and agree on what Orders, Cannons, or Constitutions they should judge meet, keeping within the Limitations of the said Statute: And when they had Enacted their Cannons, and had the Royal Confirmation by Letters Patents under the Great Seal, yet were they Voted by the House of Commons in the following Parliament, to be against the Fundamental Laws of the Realm, against the King's Prerogative, Property of the Subject, the Right of Parliament, and to tend to Faction and Sedition.  
The Reasons of this Vote were many, some of which were: 1. That upon the Dissolution of the Parliament the Convocation was determined; and what Cannons or Rules soever are made in an Assembly not Called by the King's Writ, are against the Prerogative Royal, and such are the Classical, Provincial, and National Meetings of these Dissenters.  
2. The Cannons then enacted were against some Rubrics in the Service Book, and contrary unto some of the XXXIX Articles, which is as true of those Rules in the Dissenters Project: For contrary to the Established Government by Bishops, Archbishops, etc. They have set up a National Church Government by Ministers, and Lay-Elders in their various Meetings, ut supra.  
This brief Account may show them what appearance of Law this Convocation of 1640. and the Cannons then made, had: And yet for the Reason's aforesaid, the Clergy who acted therein, did then, as was Voted by that Parliament (we may call Whiggish) fall into the Pains and Dangers of a Praemunire, as is to this Day the Opinion of our Learned and Reverend Judges, and other great Lawyers in Westminster-hall.  
How much rather than may they be supposed to incur the same Penalties, who shall come to a General Meeting that is not called by the King's Writ, agree on Rules about Church-matters without the Royal Licence; and tho' they have not Letters Patents under the Great Seal for their Confirmation, promulge, and execute them, some of which are against the Rubrics, Articles, and Cannons by Law Established.  
4. This Project, altho' in its appearance, and truest Complexion doth most resemble the late National Church-form amongst the French Hugonots, which was granted them by sundry Edicts, yet they were never so bold as to ordain, and appoint National Assemblies at any time, but when Lieensed by their Kings; and more than seventy years bygone, 'twas ordained by Letters Patents, and verified in the Court of Parliament, That in all Assemblies of the King's Subjects of the Reformed Religion, one of his Majesty's Officers, being of the same Religion, should assist in Person, and see that nothing should be propounded and handled amongst them, but such Matters as were permitted by his Edicts.  
The French Kings were so very Jealous of their Clergy lest they should encroach upon the Regalia, that they would never suffer them of the Romish Faith to come together, but when called by Authority of the King; and when assembled divers Tituli or Capitula, containing Directions how to proceed, and what to enter upon, were sent to 'em; whereupon the Clergy when assembled, did in their Synodical Epistles, assure their Prince, that they acted Secundum voluntatis vestrae consultationem, & Titulos quos dedistis.  
This was not a Practice only in the Gallican, but long before in the Catholic Church. For Dionysius Comes was sent by Constantine to the Council at Tyre, Ut Animadversor esset, & Custos Conservandae Aequabilitatis, & Ordinis. Candidianus was sent by Theodosius upon the same Score to the Ephesine Synod.  
If then neither Protestant, nor Papist, nor the Modern, nor Ancient Clergy could hold a General Assembly, unless called by the King's Writ, nor enter upon any Business concerning the State of the Church, without the King's Licence, and certain Capitula, or an Animadversor of the Kings and Emperors Appointment, How is it that these Dissenters, without either Summons or Licence, without an Animadversor or Capitula, dare appoint Stated, Provincial, and National Assemblies, and frame Rules and Cannons in prejudice to the King, and his Crown, and contrariant, and repugnant to the Customs, Laws, and Statutes of this Realm?  
SIR, 
 What I have thus briefly offered to prove the Illegality of this Project, and the Danger of putting what is yet but in Design, into Act, or Execution, may satisfy you, that the Uttermost the unquiet Party among the Dissenters can do, is to Alarm the True Sons of our Holy Mother the Church of England, to take heed, That whilst Liberty is given to the Conscientious amongst them, the Licentious be not suffered to Undermine and Subvert the National Establishment, as this Project must needs do, if They meet not with a timely Check, by putting the said Laws in Execution against those Ill-designing, discontented Gentlemen, as soon as ever they shall be guilty of the first Breach, which their bare Assembling in order to the Ripening this Project will apparently be, and expose all concerned to the Exemplary, and Merited Punishment inflicted on such Bold Undertakers, as can Contemn the Laws, and Trample on Prerogative. Adieu.  
SIR, I am Yours.