A PROSPECT OF THE MOST FAMOUS Parts of the World.  
VIZ. 
ASIA, 
3  AFRICA, 
5  EUROPE, 
7  AMERICA. 
9    
WITH These Kingdoms therein contained.  
Grecia, 
11  Roman Empire, 
13  Germany, 
15  Bohemia, 
17  France, 
19  Belgia, 
21  Spain, 
23  Italy, 
25  Hungary, 
27  Denmark, 
29  Poland, 
31  Persia, 
33  Turkish Empire, 
35  Kingdom of China, 
37  Tartary, 
39  Summer Lands, 
41  Civil Wars, in England, 
 Wales, and Ireland. 
  
You shall find placed in the beginning of the second Book marked with these *** and (5)  
TOGETHER With all the Provinces, Counties, and Shires, contained in that large THEATRE of Great BRITAIN'S Empire. Performed BY JOHN SPEED.  
LONDON, Printed by john Legatt, for William Humble. and are to be sold at his Shop in Popes-head Palace. 1646.   

¶ The general Description of the World.  
HEaven was too long a reach for man to recover at one step. And therefore God first placed him upon the earth, that he might for a time contemplate upon his inferior works, magnify in them his Creator: and receive here a hope of a fuller bliss, which by degrees he should at last enjoy in his place of rest. For this end was the lower world created in the beginning out of a rude mass, which before had no form. And that it might be made habitable, the Lord separated the dry land from the waters upon the third day. Yet so as still they make but one Globe, whose Centre is the same with the middle world; and is the point and rest as it were of all heavy bodies, which naturally apply themselves to it: and there are supported by their own weight and equal poise.  
(2) It hath seemed incredible (to such as measure the wonders of God by man's wisdom) that this massy part of the world should subsist by itself, not borne up by any outward prop, encompassed only with subtle and fleeting air, such as can neither help to sustain nor resist the fall, could the earth be moved from her due place. But the wonder will cease if we remember, that the Lord sitteth upon the circle of the earth, Isa. 40. He set it upon her foundations so that it shall never move. He covered it with the deep as with a Garment. The waters would stand above the mountains, but at his rebuke they fled. Yet he set them a bound which they should not pass, Psal. 104.  
(3) Thus ordered by divine providence the Earth and Sea compose themselves into a Spherical figure, as is here described. And is caused by the proper inclination of each part, which being heavy, falls from every point of the circumference, and claps about the centre: there settles as near as it may towards his place of rest. We may illustrate both the figure and situation by a familiar similitude, to an ingenious apprehension. Suppose we a knot to be knit in the midst of a cord that hath many ends: and those to be delivered to sundry men of equal strength, to be drawn several ways round from every part, above and below, and on each side; questionless whilst every man draws in the boes of the knots, it must needs become round: and whilst they continue to pluck with equal strength, it must rest immovable in the middle betwixt them: since every strength, that would destroy, hath a strength equal to resist it. So it is in the bosom of the earth, where every part meets upon equal privileges of nature: nor can any pass farther than the centre, to destroy this compacted figure: for it must meet there with a body that will oppose it. Or if not, yet could it not pass since every motion from the middle were to ascend, which Nature will not permit in a body of weight as the earth is.  
(4) Now though in a Sphere every cross line which way soever drawn, if it run through the middle, must needs be of equal quantity, and therefore admits no difference of length or breadth: yet the Geographers for their purpose have conceived (and but conceived) a Longitude and Latitude upon the earth. The Longitude they reckon from the first Meridian in the Azores, and so Eastward round number the degrees upon the Aequator: The Latitude from the Aequator to each Pole, and number the degrees upon the outward Meridional circle. This inkling may suffice to instruct the ignorant in the search of any place that shall be hereafter mentioned in my Discourse.  
(5) The compass of the whole is cast by our latest and most learned, to be 216000. English miles; which though none ever yet so paced, as to measure them by the foot: yet let not the ignorant reject this account, since the rule by which they are led cannot fail. For we see by continual experience, that the Sun for every degree in the Heaven's gains sixty miles upon earth towards his circuit round: and after 360. degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us, as before it was. Repeat the number of sixty so oft, and you will find the account just. And so by proportion of the Circumference to the Diameter (which is triplu sesqui septima the same which 22. hath to 7.) we may judge like wise of the earth's thickness to the Centre. The whole Diameter must (by rule) be somewhat lesser than a third part of the circle: that in proportion to 216000. will be 6872. half the number will reach the middle of the world, and that is 3436. In this report both of the quantity and form of the earth, we must not require such exactness as cannot vary a hairs breadth: for we see that the mountains of the earth, and often times the waves of the Sea make the superficies unequal. It will be sufficient, if there be no difference sensible to be reckoned in so great a balk. For let us rudely hew a ball out of a rough stone; still it is a ball though not so smooth as one of Crystal. Or suffer a mote to fall upon a Sphere of glass it changeth not its figure: far less are the mountains which we see in respect of the whole lump. For other rules or terms Geographical I refer thee to a peculiar tract, that will afford me more room and time.  
(6) When the earth and sea were thus prepared with a due figure, a just quantity and convenient seat both in respect of the heavens and themselves: Nature began (at command of the most High) to use her art, and to make it a fit dwelling place for the image of God, for so was man created: and so indeed was the earth no other than the picture of heaven. The ground brought forth her plants and fruits: the skies were filled with the fowl of the air: the waters yielded their fish, and the field their cattle. No sooner his house was thus furnished, but man enters upon his possessions the sixth day. And that shall be our tract to find out the world's first Inhabitants; where it was peopled in the beginning: and how it was overspread with Countries and Nations, as now it is.  
(7) In the first age, there was little need of skill to measure the whole earth. A garden plot might suffice, and so (for a time) it did. It was planted in Eden. But where that was I may not peremptorily determine, nor indeed dare I be so curious in the search. The hidden things belong to the Lord, the revealed to us, Deut. 29. God himself in the beginning set a Cherubin, and the blade of a sword shaken to keep the reentry from our first Parents: and we may affirm, hath concealed it ever since. Yet to satisfy (in some measure) such as are more inquisitive, I will touch at the several conjectures, which have passed upon the place of this earthy Paradise, Rog. Higden Monk of Chester, and with him joh. Trevisa set it in the field of Damascus: and many other probably (enough) have thought it was in the land of Canaan. For that in divers places, it is noted with attributes proper to the garden of Eden. She was seated in the midst of Nations. Ezek. 5. It was a Land of Wheat, Barley, and Vines, Figtrees, and Pomegranates, a Land of Olives and Honey, a land whose stones were iron, and out of whose hills might be digged brass, Deut. 8. She was pleasant above all Lands, Ezek. 20. Yet Franciscus junius, D. Willet, Sr. Walt. Raleigh and others, make it a part of Mesopotamia, Northwest from Babylon, about the degree of 78. in Longitude, & of Latitude 35. where still the Rivers meet mentioned in Genesis. And where Ptolemy hath the Audanites, a corrupt name (as is supposed) from Eden. Certainly it was about the middle of the earth, and abounded by a peculiar blessing of God, with all kinds serviceable for the use of man.  
(8) But Adam soon lost his possession by his disobedience, and was cast out on the East side of the Garden where he placed himself. Moses makes no more particular Relation. Cain is specified to have gone out of the presence of the Lord into the Land of Nod, and there built him a City, and named it after his son's name Henoch: this was the first City and was seated (some think) about Mount Libanus. As the place, so the time when it was founded is uncertain: but the common conjecture gives it to be about two or three hundred years after the Creation, when the world was replenished; as well it might be within that compass, if we compare it to our known Stories. Abraham in 215. years had 600. thousand of his own stock, in the blessed line, besides women and children. And in this number we omit his other seed, of whom came twelve Princes. Questionless after this proportion the people multiplied in the beginning, and so for 1656. years forward, and that must needs fill a large portion of the earth, most likely those parts of Asia that lie nearest to their first seat. For they wandered no farther than necessity of room compelled them.  
(9) But now as man, so the sin of man was grown to a height. For this the wrath of God fell upon them in a Flood, that destroyed the whole earth saving eight persons, Noah and his family, who were commanded into an Ark built by Gods own direction, and is held to have been the pattern for all Ships to all posterity.  
(10) When the anger of the Lord was ceased, and the waters abated, after 150. days float the Ark rested upon the Mountains of Ararat in Armenia. They are supposed by most to be the same which Ptolemy calleth Montes Cordios, about the degree 75. Longitude, and in Latitude 39 Master Cartwright a Tayailor of our own Nation reports himself an eyewitness of many ancient and ruinous foundations there, which the Inhabitants have believed through all ages to be the work of those first people, that for a long time durst not adventure into the lower Countries for fear of another Flood.   map of the World 
A NEW AND ACCV●●●● MAP OF THE WORLD Drawn according to the truest Descriptions latest Discoveries & best Observations that have been made by English or Strangers. 1626.  
(12) There when their number increased, and they forced still to seek new Colonies, they were ambitious to leave a name behind them for posterity: and therefore adventured upon a building whose top should reach heaven: and so indeed it did; for it fetched from thence God's second vengeance. He confounded their speech, that they no longer understood one the other. Thus they were broke off from their impious attempt, and scattered upon all the earth (about an hundred years after the Flood) into seventy two several Nations, as some have punctually numbered them.  
(13) Whether Noah himself were present, or to what place he removed, it is uncertain. He had yet two hundred and fifty years to live, and thought to have had his habitation in Phoenicia Northward from Palestine about the degree of 66. and 33.  
(14) His sons, Sem, Ham, and japheth possessed their several Provinces of the world. From japheth came the Isles of the Gentiles, of which we are a part, to him Europe is by most allotted. Sem not guilty questionless of that proud enterprise, rested himself in the land of Canaan, which he knew as it was revealed to Abraham, should be given to his posterity. Yet part of his issue, (the sons of jocktan) were divided and lived remote toward the East. To him was Asia. But Cham by his father's curse, for discovering his nakedness, roaved to the utmost parts of the earth, and peopled with his progeny especially those Countries which are most touched in Histories for Barbarism and Idolatry. As indeed how could it otherwise be? since himself had lost his father that should instruct him: and therefore could deliver no precepts to his children, but left every one to his own inventions. And those that at the confusion spread where ever they came this diversity of Customs and Religions, that possess the world at this day. To him was Africa.  
(15) America too doubtless had her portion in the division, though not so soon or so immediate, but seemed rather of later times to have received her people from the bordering parts of Asia: and those are thought by most to have been first inhabited by jocktan and his thirteen sons the issue of Sem. It is said in the text they possessed the East part from Mesha to Sephar, josephus takes the first for a Country, and the second for a Mountain in India: in so much as that he strictly bounds out their possession from the River Cephew to jeria, which is now called the East or Portugal Indies. Indeed many of those Eastern Regions are noted to bear the name as yet of jocktans' sons. The Shabeans sound as if they had Sheba to their father. And from Havilah is a Country in jeria. From Saphira, josephus derives Ophir, both of especial fame for their plenty of Gold. But it is Doctor willet's opinion that Ophir was rather the same Region in the West Indies which is now called Peru. To say truth, we have little certain of the first Inhabitants which were seated in America, or the parts of Asia near about her: whether they were so long since known I must doubt. For the bestowing of jocktan and his sons, it was toward the East from Mesha to Sephar: but where those are Saint Jerome confesseth himself at a stand. And for my part I will travel no farther in these hidden mysteries, than I find a path beaten before me.  
(16) This may satisfy the ingenuous, that I have (as far as I might in this little room) tracked the first Nations from their first Founders which they had in the beginning. But to draw the direct line of every people mixed as now they are, I think a work impossible. To me I am sure it is. For besides our several translation, and promiscuous commerce, that puzzle us in the knowledge of ourselves: we have of late found, and as yet are in search of a new people, that know not their own original; nor have we any means to examine it, but conjectural, such as may fail. To Moses time the Scripture affordeth us a certain truth for as many as he mentioneth. And since we have some light from such as have laboured in the search of Antiquities. The families (as josephus gives time) are truly and curiously branched forth and placed among the Genealogies before our Bible of the last translation.  
(17) Thus far it was requisite we should know at large the growth of the world from the beginning; and how the whole earth which at first knew but one Landlord, hath been since rend into several parcels, which Kings and Nations call their own, and maintain their claim by force of Arms. This little compass will not admit a more particular Relation of their affairs. For that I must refer my Reader to their Historians, and now descend to the Geographical description and division of the world, as in after ages it was found by our first Artists, and hath been since more at large discovered by the experience of our later travell●urs.  
(18) And in this we may full observe our 〈◊〉. For questionless by the same degrees almost as it was inhabited, so it grew into the knowledge of our ancient Geographers. And therefore our first Authors in this Science bounded their descriptions within a less compass, and divided the world into those three parts only, which you see lie closest about the point of the earth, where the first men, first Religion, first City, first Empire, and first Arts were. For in Ptolemyes time (about an hundred and forty years after Christ) we hear not of either Land or Sea known more than was contained in Asia, Africa, and Europe.  
(19) And of that he never knew the East and North parts of Asia; nor the South of Africa, no nor the most Northerly parts of Europe: but placed the end of the world that way in ultima Thule, about sixty three degrees from the Aequator. And Southward the other way not above 17. degrees, in Prosso perm●torio, which at this day is called Mosambique Kicks. So the whole Latitude of the world, then known, did not reach the fourth part of the Compass. In the Longitude indeed they came not so far short; yet left they just half to the search of their posterity. For they placed their first Meridian in the Fortunate Islands, and ended their reckoning in Region Sinarum of the Eastern Indies, and that is distant but 180. degrees toward the 260. which is the compass of the whole.  
(20) But God in these latter times hath enlarged our possessions, that his Gospel might be propagated, and hath discovered to us Inhabitants almost in every corner of the earth. Our latter Geographers have set their mark beyond Ptolemies 60. degrees Eastward. And Westward to the utmost parts of America. So that there are already known 340. of the earth's Longitude. Toward the North Pole we have gained more in proportion, as far as Nova z●mbla, and the sea is known to be navigable to the eight first degrees. Whether the rest be Land or not, it never yet appeared to any (as I hear of) but an Oxford Friar by a magic voyage. He reports of a black rock just under the Pole, and an Isle of Pigmies: other strange miracles, to which (for my part) I shall give little credit till I have better proof for it then the Devil's word.  
Now of all the Southern course is most unknown; and yet Art hath not been idle, nor altogether lost itself in the search: it hath discovered Countries about the 52. degree toward the Pole, but so uncertainly, that it may well yet keep her name of Terra incong●ita.  
(21) Admirable was the wit of that man that first found out the virtue of the Loadstone, and taught thus to apply it in the Art of Navigation. And indeed the industry of them is much to be honoured, that have since ventured both their means and persons upon dangerous attempts, in the discoveries of people and Nations that knew not God, nor had apparent means for their redemption without his help. Among these (though the Genoa, Spaniard, and Portugal, carry the first name) we have noble sp●rits of our own Nation, not to be ranked in the last place. Stupenda fuit revera industria Anglorum, saith Keckerman. And indeed we may justly enough requite him with his own Elegy. The Dutch too have done their parts to join a new world to the old.  
(22) To us it may be well called a new World: for it comprehends in it two Continents, either of them larger than two parts of the other are.  
The one is that Western Hemisphere that bears the name America from Americus Vesputius: but was indeed discovered (seven years before he knew it) by Christopherus Columbus in the year 1492. And the other is the Terra Magellanica, seated above the South Pole, and first found by Ferdinand Magellanus some twenty years after or thereabout: and is thought to be greater than the whole earth besides. Hitherto it is but conjectural, and some few Provinces have been rather described then known. You shall find them named in their several Regions upon the Seacoasts. Nova Guinea, Terra del Feugo, Psittacorum regio, Lucach, Beach, and Maletur.  
(23) With these additions the world by some is divided into six parts, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Septentrionalis, Incognita, and Terra Australis Magellanica: which are thus disposed in the Globe of the earth. Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere.  
And being the first part which was inhabited, shall be the point unto which I will direct the rest: part on the West and part on the South is Africa situated: on the North and West Europe: more toward the West America utraque: full North Septentrionalis incognita: and full South the Terra Magellanica.  
(24) Those we will reduce (in our method) to the four common parts which generally pass in our descriptions of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, America utraque: in this last include the Terra Septentrionalis, and Magellanica (as others have before done) and allow it not a several part by itself, in regard that little can be reported of those Countries, but what may be dispatched in a few words. The Inhabitants are not many in either, and those barbarous, in the Terra Magellanica they go naked. In the land Del Feugo there is much smoke. In Psitta●●rum Region there are great ●●●rats. In Beach gold. In Mal●●● spices.  
(25) Of the rest severally I shall not need here to enlarge my Discourse, since the particular Map of every Region may justly challenge it as their proper right: and will be I hope very shortly extant for my Reader to peruse.   

¶ The Description of ASIA.  
THE method propounded in our general description of the World, gives Asia the prerogative, as well for worth as time. Europ● shall not want her due, in her due place. It will suffice her, if she be at this day most famous, for the acts of men, and so it is allowed by most. But in Asia did God himself speak his miraculous work of the Creation. There was the Church first collected: there was the Saviour of the world born, Crucified and raised again: indeed the greatest part of Divine History was there written and acted. And if we should as well compare her to the rest, in that earthly glory of Kingdoms, Empires, and Nations, which sounds fairest to man's sense, she would still keep her rank. For was not the first Monarches and Monarchies of the world in Assyria, Persia, Babylonia, Media? Did not the first people of the world receive their being in Mesopotamia? And had not the several tongues of the world their original in Babylonia? These are parts of Asia, and were in the first ages blest with Gods own holy presence: Exod. 3. and the footing of Angels: Exod. 14. however now it is left (for her Infidelity) to the punishment of a Prophetical curse that long before past upon her: and is delivered up into the hands of Turks and Nations that blaspheme their Creator; and therefore doth not flourish in that height as heretofore. Consider that God's hand is now upon her, and the rest will follow without much wonder.  
(2) In respect of both Europe & Africa, it is situated Eastward. But if we compare it to the Aequator it lieth almost wholly in the Northern Hemisphere: I need except none of the main Continent, only a few Lands, which are as it were retainers to Asia, and lie partly Southward beyond the line. It is divided on the West from Europe by the River Tanais, Pontus Euxinus, and part of the Mediterranean Sea. From Africa by that Pathmos which divides the Red Sea from the Mediterraneum, and is about 72. miles long. On the other three sides, it is begirt with the vast Ocean, which in the East is called Pontus' River, on the North, Marc Scythicum the Tartarian Sea, and in the South the Indian Sea. Through the middle runs the Mount Taurus at full length, with the whole Continent of Asia, and divides it toward the North and South into Asiam Exteriorem and Interiorem, with so many windings that the length is reckoned by Gnadus to be 580●0 stadia, by Maginus 45000. stadia, and that is 5625. Italian miles, those of our own Nation account it 6250. English miles. The breadth (as Strabo reports it) is in most places 3000. stadia, as our own Geographers 375. miles. From the North-shore cometh the Mountain Imaus, directly South almost, and divideth it toward the East and West into Scythia intra Imaum, and Scythia extra Imaum. By these bounds the length is set to be 5200. and the breadth 4560. miles.  
(3) Now add together, that this Region was at first the Paradise of the world, and indeed still enjoyeth a fertile soil and temperate air, and that it exceeds in compass the two other parts of the old world, to which she was the Mistress for Arts and Sciences; yet it is not at this day so well peopled in proportion, as this little Europe, which came after many hundred years. For this we need search no farther cause than God's just anger: yet hath he not exercised upon her, only by miraculous and immediate punishment from heaven: but hath suffered (as it were) her own creatures, over which at first man had the rule, to turn head upon their Lords, and possess their habitation. For it is so everrun with wild beasts and cruel Serpents, that in many places they live not without much danger.  
(4) In this though the Nation suffer for their monstrous irreligion: yet the earth which did not offend reserves her place, and abounds with many excellent Commodities, not elsewhere to be had, Myrrh, Frankincense, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Pepper, Musk, jewels of great esteem, and Minerals of all sorts: it breeds Elephants, Camels, and many other beasts, Serpents, Fowls wild and tame, and some have added such monstrous shapes of men, as pass all belief.  
(5) And thus from the general view of Asia, we will glance upon her several Regions, Kingdoms, and Provinces, as it hath been heretofore divided. In this we find difference of Authors, that follow their several placita, all perhaps true enough in their own sense: though not alike if they be compared. These we will not so much as name, but insist upon one that may best fit my short Description. Her parts are Asia the less, and Asia the greater, and the Lands near about.  
(6) Aes●a the less i● th●● th' 〈…〉 Europ●● and began Eastward from thence, it was called by the Geographers there residing by a special name Anatolia (corruptly Anatolia) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. On the West therefore and toward the North is Greece: full West is the Archipelagius: on the East is the River Euphrates: on the North the Pontus Euxinus, and on the South the Mediterranean. It is included betwixt the Meridian's of the 51. degree of Longitude and the 72. so Maginus: and in Latitude it is seated almost betwixt the same parallels with Italy.  
(7) A Country it was once of singular fertility, exceeding rich in fruits & pasture auratisquo omnibus: and indeed all things else that either man's necessity, commodity, or pleasure could require. It was mother to many of our learned Ancients. The Dorica, jonica, and Aeolica Dialects of the Greek Tongue had here their originals. It was the seat of the Trojan Kingdom, and many other Nations famous in Histories, as well Christians as Ethnics, though now there remains no face of so excellent a Region. Cyrus' first began the spoil: then the Macedonians and Alexanders Captains: after them the Romans: and last of all the Turks miserably rend in pieces, and have left the ruins to show of four thousand Towns and Cities. The residue have lost both their names and memory of their Predecessors. And the people are fallen from the knowledge, industry, and religion of their Forefathers. For before Christ, when they were at worst that Histories report of them, they were for the morst part learned, and laborious in ordering of their soil to the best advantage. Afterward they became good Christians: for with them were the seven Churches which Saint john mentioneth in the Apocalypse. Now scarce is it inhabited but toward the Seaside: and that by a base and abject people, such as are both lazy in their life, and odious Idolaters in their Religions. For the most part Mahumetans.  
(8) Let my first division of this Asia the less, be into two Regions, of these one hath the particular appellation of Asia propria, and contains the several Regions of (1) Caria, (2) jonia, (3) Doris, (4) Aeolis Phrygia, (5) Lydia, (6) Minor, (7) and Maior. The other hath no one name as I find among Geographers, but is known by her Provinces of (1) Cilicia, (2) Pamphilia, (3) Lycia, (4) Bythinia, (5) Pontus, (6) Paphlagonia, (7) Galatia, (8) Cappadocia, (9) Lycaonia, (10) Pisidia, and (11) Armenia minor.  
(9) Asia propria was the scene of many noble actions much celebrated among our Historians. First in Caria stood the City Mindum, upon which Diogenes broke his jest, that the Citizens should take heed lest it run out at her gates. And Halicarnassus the birthplace of Dionysius and Herodotus: and of this was Artemisia Queen that erected the miraculous Monument in honour of her husband Mausolus. The second Province is jonia, and here stood Miletum where Paul made his Oration to the Elders of Ephesus: and here Ephesus itself the star of Asia, that as well for her Religion as her miraculous Temple set the world at a gaze upon her. It was raised in the middle of the City, modelled out by Ctesiphon, but was 2●0. years in building: and was ordered in such a ground that no earthquake should move it: it was 425. foot long, and 220. broad, and had an hundred twenty seven pillars, given by so many several Kings (saith Vadianus) whereof twenty seven were most curiously graven, all the rest of Marble polished. In this City Saint john the Evangelist is said to have gone down into his grave alive: there be who yet question his death: and Irenaeus reports that he lived in Traian's time. This with the third and fourth Provinces of Doris and Aeolis were only accounted Greeks: the other Nations of Asia were called Barbarians. (5) Lydia was the fifth named in our Division, and in her are many Cities, which we have mentioned in Scripture, and are common among other Writers. Of these the chief are Laodicea, Thyatira, Philadelphia, Sardis, where Croesus kept his Court, and Pergamus the seat of Attalus, that made the Romans his heir, and where Galen the great Physician was borne, and lived 140. years. (6) The first was Phrygia minor; it is called Troas by the Inhabitants and those are now Greeks, Turks, & Arabians; heretofore they were the ancient Troyans', that gave Homer his subject for his admired Poem. Here is that Adramittium named in the Acts: and Traianopolis: and the Mount Tmolus, that sends down a River into Lydia with abundance of gold and silver. And lastly, the Mount Ada, famous for the judgement of Paris passed upon the 3 goddesses. (7) The last was Phrygia mayor: and on this was Gordian, the very town where Gordius hampered his plow-tackling in such a knot that none might untie, but he that should possess the Monarchy of the world: and indeed it proved true enough in Alexander the great. Another was Midaium where Midas son to this Gordius turned all to gold with a touch. A third Colosse, the place of the Colossians to whom Saint Paul directs an Epistle. And all these were contained within the compass of 〈…〉 which 〈◊〉 the name of Asia propri●.   map of Asia 
ASIA with the Islands adjoining described, the attire of the people, & Towns of importance, all of them newly augmented by I. S. Ano. Dom: 1626.  
(11) Hitherto our Tract hath been of Asia the less, or Anatolia. It resteth that we proceed to Asia Maior, which lieth remote from Europe toward the East. And of this we can make no large description in so small a scantling: we will only mark out the Provinces, and refer my Reader to more particular Relation in our several Maps that contain the Turkish Empire, Tartary, Persia and China, all Kingdoms of Asia the great. The parts, as for the present we will divide it, are th●se, (1) Syria, (2) Palestina, (3) Armenia Maior, (4) Arabia triplex, (5) Media, (6) Assyria, (7) Mesopotamia, (8) Persia, (9) Chaldea, (10) Parthia, (11) Hyrcania, (12) Tartary, (13) China, (14) India.  
(12) Syria is the first, and hath in it the Provinces of Phoenicia, Caelosyria, and Syrophaenicia. In Phoenicia was Tyre & Sidon, Sarepta, and Ptolomais, where two Kings of England have laid their siege, Richard and Edward the first. In Caelosyria stands Hieropolis and Damascus, Aleppo, Tripoli, etc. (2) The second Palestina, which Ptolemy reckons into Syria. It is in length 200. miles: in breadth not above 50. It contained the Provinces of Samaria, Idumaea, Judaea, where jerusalem was, & not far thence Bethlehem. Galilaea both the higher called Galilaea Gentium, and lower: and in this was Nazareth & Mount Tabor, where Christ was transfigured. (3) The third is Armenia Mayor, or Turkomania. In this was Colchus, whence jason fetched his golden fleece: Now it is inhabited by Turks. (4) Arabia is the fourth: and that had three parts. Arabia desorta, where the children of Israel were fed with Manna forty years. Arabia petrosa, where Mount Sinai was, and the Law given. The last, Arabia faelix, counted the fruitfullest Country in the world. In this Arabia is the City Medina where Mahumet is entombed in an iron Chest, supported only by a roof of Adamant, without other art to keep it from falling to the ground. (5) The fifth Media, it was once a large Empire, and one of the first. The fruits of the Country are said to be always green. (6) The sixth Assyria, a very pleasant and temperate Country: and here was the City Niniveh, whither jonas was sent. (7) The seventh Mesopotamia; in whose lower part, Chaldaea stood, as our latest Writers affirm, and Babylonia. (8) The eighth Persia, a mighty Empire governed by a Sophy. The people are mahumetans, yet differ somewhat from the Turks. Their language passeth currant through the whole Eastern world. The Metropolitan is Persepolis. (9) The ninth Chaldaea, often mentioned in the Scripture; & here was the fifth Sibyl called Erythraea, that prophesied of Christ. (10) The tenth Parthia, a Province of note for its continual hostility with Rome, and excellent Archery: for the Inhabitants used their Bow with as much dexterity in their retreat as in the battle: and by that means oft times won advantage upon the enemy by their flight. (11) Hyrcania the eleventh, an illustrious Country, and hath many Cities of note, abounds with wine and honey. (12) Tartary called heretofore Scythia, the Inhabitants Scythians, and before that Magozi●●, from Magog the son of japheth, that first inhabited these parts. It was once possessed by the Amazons, a Nation of women, after their dissolution came the Scythians, among whom Tomyris is ennobled by justine for her victory over Cyrus. Upon them came the Goths, and those were driven out by the Tartars, which began their Empire 1187. so Maginus. It is a large Country, and the people stout. They have no Cities nor houses, but live in tents by troops, which they call herds. Their prince is named Cham, and obeyed with great reverence. (13) The thirteenth is China, by Ptolemy Sinarum regio: it hath in it 240. Cities of note. In this Region is Quinsay, the greatest City in the world. It hath on the North a wall of 100 miles in length. (14) The last is India, and the largest portion of earth that passeth under one name. Strabo writes that there were 50000. Towns quorum nullum Cô minus fuit. In the middle runneth the River Ganges, and divides it into India intra Gangem, the part that lieth toward the West, and India extra Gangem, which is the part toward the East. The Scripture calleth it Havilah. This region hath many very precious Commodities, Medicinal drugs, and Merchandise of great estimation. The chief place is Goa, where the Viceroy of Portugal resides, and with a Council of the King of Spain, exercises a power over all these quarters.  
(13) The Lands of Asia, as they are of less account than the Main, so they must be content with a shorter Survey. We will rank them into the same order with the Continent.  
(14) The first are of Asia the less, and lie more Westward toward Europe. They only worth note are two, Rhodes and Cyprus. (1) First Rhodes is in the Sea over against Caria. In the chief City of this I'll stood the Colossus in the form of a man, erected in a kind of Religion to the Sun, that once a day at least breaks out upon the I'll, howsoever cloudy it be in other places. Grecians heretofore possessed it, and when the Christians had lost the Holy Land, the Emperor of Constantinople gave this I'll to the Knights of Saint john in Jerusalem in the year 1308. But now the Inhabitants are most Turks, and some jews sent thither out of Spain. As for Christians they may not stay in the City in the night time. (2) The second is Cyprus, a place heretofore consecrated to Venus, to whom both men and women performed their sacrifice naked, till by the prayer of Barnabas the Apostle the Temple was ruined. Trogus reports, that the fathers of this I'll had wont to prostitute their daughters to Mariners for money, whereby to raise them a portion against they could get them husbands: but Christianity corrected those barbarous customs. In time it was made a Roman Province, and in the division of the Empire was assigned to the Emperor of Constantinople. So it continued till Richard the first of England in his holy Voyage put into this place for fresh water: but being incensed by the discourteous usage of the Cyprians, turned his intent into an invasion, took the King prisoner, and bound him in silver fetters. Afterward he sold it to the Templars for a time, but recovered it again, and exchanged it for the title of jerusalem.  
(15) Last, the Lands of Asia the great lie most in the Indian or Eastern Ocean, and indeed are innumerable, but the chief of account are these. Ormus, Zeiland, Summatra, Auirae Insulae, Bocuro, java Maior and Minor, japan, and Moluccoes, and the Philippian Iles.  
The first is Ormus, exceeding barren, and yet of itself a Kingdom, and full of Trade. (2) Zeilan so happy in pleasant fruits, that some have thought it was the place of Paradise. (3) Summatra lying directly under the Aequator, the Inhabitants are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. (4) And so are the Inhabitants of the Auirae Insulae that lie West from Summatra. (5) Bocuro so large an I'll, that the compass is said to be three month's sail. (6) java Maior, called by Scaliger, the Compendium of the world; the Inhabitants feed on Rats and Mice; it yields much spice. (7) And so doth javan Minor. (8) japan aboundeth so with gold, that the King's Palace was covered with it in the time of Paulus Venetus. They enter not into their dining room with their shoes on. (9) The Moluccoes are five, and abound much with all sorts of spices. In these is said to be the Bird of Paradise that flieth continually, having no feet to rest upon: the Hen layeth her eggs (if you will believe it) in a hole of the Cocks back. (10) Last, the Philippian Isles that lie North of the Moluccoes are 1100. as Maginus numbers them. They were discovered in the time of Philip the second of Spain, and from him took their name, 1364. They abound with Spices, and part of the Inhabitants have entertained Christianity.  
(16) And thus I have made a brief dispatch both of the Continent and Lands of either Asia and have given my Reader a hint (at least) of their Stories, which he may find at large in their several Authors.   

¶ The Description of AFRICA.  
AFRICA as it lay nearest the seat of the first people, so questionless it was next inhabited: and therefore requires the second place in our Division. It is generally agreed upon, that the North parts were possessed by the sons of Cham not long after the confusion. And so indeed the Kingly Prophet in the 78. Psalm, useth the Tents of Cham for the Land of Egypt, which is the part of Africa which joins upon the South west of Asia, and is divided from the holy Land but by a small Isthmus. Give the people their own ask, and they will have the glory of the first Inhabitants of the World: and prove it too both from the temperature of their air, and fertility of their soil, which breeds and nourisheth not only Plants and fruits, but sends forth, of its own virtue, living creatures in such sort, as amasseth the beholder. We have a report (if you will believe it) that in a ground near the River Nilus, there have been found Mice half made up, and Nature taken in the very nick, when she had already wrought life in the foreparts, head and breast, the hinder joints yet remaining, in the form of earth. Thus I suppose they would have man at first grown out of their soil, without the immediate hand of God in his Creation. And it hath been the opinion of some vain Philosophers, that for this cause have made the Ethiopians to be the first people: for that there the Sun by his propinquity, wrought soon upon the moisture of the ground, and made it fit for mortality to sprout in.  
(2) But to leave these, without doubt Africa is of great antiquity, and so is allowed by all Historians of credit; In the year 1566. the people were increased to an exceeding multitude; and therefore were enforced to enlarge their bounds, upon their neighbouring Countries. For as it was of a most rare fertility: so it lay not any long way, and had free access to it by land from the garden of our first Parents.  
(3) In the time of Abraham we have better assurance from the word of God, that it was then a place of fame, and the Inhabitants of some growth, for they were able to supply the wants of the Countries adjoining by their store: and thither went Abraham out of the Land of Canaan, to avoid the great famine, Gen. 1●. She had then her Princes, Pharaoh and his mighty men, that feared not to resist God, and were afterward made the instruments of his punishments upon the children of Israel: for they kept them in bondage four hundred years, as was foretold to Abraham in the 15. of Genesis.  
(4) But this proof of Ancientry concerns not the whole Country: only those Regions which lie under the temperate Zone. The rest for a long time after were unknown to our Geographers, held not habitable, indeed beyond Mount Atlas, by reason of the extreme heat. The reports which pass of it before Ptolemyes time were but at random, and by guess of such as had never sailed it round, or scarce come within sight of it, but at a great distance, and by this means, either out of their own error, or else a desire of glory more than they had deserved: or perhaps a Travailors trick, to cheat the ignorant world that could not confute their reports, they spread many idle fables of monstrous people without heads, with their eyes and mouths in their breasts, maintained to this day by some Authors of good esteem. But for my part I hold it most reasonable to credit S. Augustine, who was born and died in Africa. That he in his eighth book De Civitate Dei, acknowledgeth no such creatures, or if they be, they be not men; or if men, not borne of Adam. And our later discoveries join in with him that report not (upon their own experience) of any other people than such as ourselves are; and yet I suppose they have seen more of the Country, than ever any heretofore did. For they pass not now to sail it round once a year, by the Cape of good Hope to the East-side of the very Isthmus toward the Red-Sea.  
(5) This course by the South was discovered by one Vasco de Gama, in the year 1497. and a way found to the East Indies, by which the Princes of Portugal receive an infinite gain, both in Spices, and other Merchandise. The hope of which first set them upon the adventure. And in this one thing we owe much to our own Country, otherwise a detestable plague, that the insatiate desire of wanton commodities hath opened to us a large part of the world before not known, and which we hope may hereafter increase the light of the Gospel, and the number of the Elect.  
(6) If we compare Her to the two other portions of the same Hemisphere▪ she is situated wholly South, and in part Westward. It is divided on the North from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea. On the South where it runs into a kind of point at the Cape of good Hope, it is bound with the vast Ocean, which in that part hath the name of the Aethiopicke Sea; on the East with the Red Sea; and on the West with the Atlantike Ocean, called there in our common Maps, Mare del North. So that in brief we reckon both Her Longitude and Latitude in the largest parts, to be near upon 4200. English miles.  
(7) Notwithstanding this Vast extent of ground, yet we still of Europe keep our own, and by authority of the most and best Geographers, exceed as much for number, as either this or Asia do for room. Cause enough there is why Africa indeed should come short of both: for in most parts, she hath scarce plenty sufficient to maintain Inhabitants: and where there is, we shall meet with multitudes of ravening beasts, or other horrible monsters, enough to devour both it and us. In a word, there is no Region of the world so great an enemy to man's commerce: there is such scarcity of water, that no creature almost could live, had not Nature provided thereafter, that the greater part of them endures not drink in the very midst of Summer. So Pliny reports. And if (as sometimes they be enforced by such as take them) they suddenly perish. Thus we see how God gives a property to each place, that may make up her defects, lest it should be left as well by beast as men. Their Land is full of sandy deserts, which lie open to the winds and storms, and oft times are thrown up into billows like waves of the Sea, and indeed are no less dangerous. Strabo writes that Cambyses his army was thus hazarded in Aethiopia. And Herodotus, that the Psitti an ancient but foolish Nation (it seems) in Africa, as they marched towards the South, to revenge themselves upon the winds for drying up their Rivers, were overwhelmed with sand, and so died in their graves. Besides these annoyances it is so full of a venomous kind of Serpent, that in some places they dare not dress their Land, unless they first fence their legs with boots against the sting. Other wild creatures there are which range about, and possess to themselves a great portion of this Country, and make a Wilderness of Lions, Leopards, Elephants, and in some places Crocodiles, Hyenas, Basilisks, and indeed monsters without either number or name. Africa now every year produceth some strange creature before not heard of, peradventure not extant. For so Pliny thinks, that for want of water, creatures of all kinds at sometimes of the year gather to those few rivers that are, to quench their thirst: And then the Males promiscuously enforcing the Females of every species which comes next him, produceth this variety of forms: and would be a grace to Africa, were it not so full of danger to the Inhabitants, which as Sallust reports, die more by beasts then by diseases. For those traits about Barbary are every tenth year, 15. or 25. visited with a great plague, and continually infected with the French disease in such violence, that few recover, unless by change of air into Numidia, or the Land of Negroes, whose very temper is said to be a proper Antidote against those diseases.  
(8) But among all these inconveniences, commodities are found of good worth: and the very evils yield at last their benefit, both to their own Country and other parts of the world. The Elephant a docible creature and exceeding useful for battle: The Camel which affords much riches to the Arabian. The Barbaric horse, which we ourselves commend: The Ram, that besides his flesh gives twenty pound of wool from his very tail: The Bull, painful, and able to do best service in their tillage. And so most of their worst, alive or dead, yield us their medicinal parts, which the world could not well want.  
(9) In her division we will follow our latter Masters in this Art, whom time at least and experience, if no other worth, have made more Authentic, and those divide it into seven parts. (1) Barbary or Mauritania. (2) Numidia. (3) Lybia or Africa propria. (●) Nigritarum terra. (5) Aethiopia superior. (6) Aethiopia inferior. (7) Egypt: and to these we add the (8) Island belonging to Africa.   map of Africa 
AFRICA, described the manners of their Habits, and building: newly done into English by I.S. and published at the charges of G. Humble Ano 1626.  
(11) Numidia was the second part in our Division of Africa, and hath on the West the Atlantike, on the East Egypt, on the North Atlas, and the deserts of Lybia on the South. It is called likewise regio dactylifera, from the abundance of Dates; for they feed upon them only; a people, Idolaters, Idiots, Thiefs, Murderers, except some few Arabians that are mingled among them of ingenious disposition, and addicted much to Poetry. They seldom stay longer in one place then the eating down of the grafle: and this wand'ring course makes but few Cities, and those in some places three hundred miles distant.  
(12) Lybia the third is limited on the East with Nilus, Westward with the Atlantike, on the North with Numidia, and the South with terra Nigritarum. It was called Sacra, as much as Desert: For so it is, and a dry one too, such as can afford no water to a traveller sometimes in seven day's journey. The Inhabitants are much like to the Numidians, live without any Law almost of Nature. Yet in this place were two of the Sibyls, which prophesied of Christ, and Arrius the Heretic. About Lybia were the Garamantes, and the P●illi mentioned before for their simple attempts against the South wind.  
(13) Terra Nigritarum, the Land of Negro is the fourth, and hath on the West the Atlantike, on the East Aethiopia superior, on the North Lybia, on the South the Kingdom of Manilongo in the inferior Aethiopia. It hath the name either from the colour of the people which are black, or from the River Niger, famous as Nilus almost, for her overflowing, insomuch, that they pass at some times in Boats through the whole Country. It is full of Gold and Silver, and other Commodities: but the Inhabitants most barbarous. They draw their original from Chus, and have entertained all Religions that came in their way. First their own, than the jews, the mahometans, and some of them the Christian. For the most part they live not as if reason guided their actions. Maginus numbers twenty five Provinces of this Country, which have had their several Governors. Now it knoweth but four Kings, and those are (1) The King of Tombulum, and he is an infinite rich Monarch, hates a jew to the death of his subject that converseth with him: keeps a guard of three thousand Horsemen besides Foot. (2) Of Bornaum, where the people have no proper Names, no Wives peculiar, and therefore no Children which they call their own. (3) Of Goaga, who hath no estate but from his Subjects as he spends it. (4) Gualatum, a poor Country, God wot, not worth either Gentry or Laws, or indeed the name of a Kingdom.  
(14) Aethiopia Superior the fifth, and is called likewise the Kingdom of the Abyssines. It is limited on the North with Egypt, on the South with the Montes Lunae, on the East with the Red Sea, and on the West with the Kingdom of the Nigers and Manilongo. It is distinct from the Aethiopia so often mentioned in Scripture: For by all probability, that was in another quarter of the world, and reacheth from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf. It is governed by one of the mightiest Emperors in the world: For his power reacheth almost to each Tropic, and is called by us Presbyter john. He is the only white man amongst them, and draws his Line from Solomon, and the Queen of the South. His Court rests not long in any one place, but is movable as well for housing as retinue. For it consists of Tents only to the number of six thousand, and incompasseth in, about twelve or thirteen miles. He hath under him seventy Kings, which have their several Laws and Customs; Among these the Province of Dobas hath one, that no man marry till he hath killed twelve Christians. The Inhabitants of the whole Region are generally base and idle: the better sort have the modesty to attire themselves, though it be but in Lions and Tigers skins. Their Religion is Mixt. Christians they have, but yet differ from us; For they Circumcise both sects. Their oath is by the life of their King, whom they never see but at Christmas, Easter, and Holy Rood. Their Commodities are Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Barley, Sugar, Hony, etc.  
(15) Aethiopic inferior the sixth part of Africa, is on every side begirt with Sea except toward the North; that way it is severed from the Abyssines by the Montes Luna. The government of this Region is under five free Kings, (1) Of Aiana, which contains in it two petty Kingdoms of Adel and Adia, and abounds with Flesh, Honey, Wax, Gold, Ivory, Corn, very large Sheep. (2) Zanguebar, in this stands Mesambique, called by Ptolemie, Prassum Promon●orium, and was the utmost part Southward of the old world. The Inhabitants are practised much in Soothsaying, indeed Witchcraft. (3) Of Monomolopa, in which is reported to be three thousand Mines of Gold. Here there lives a kind of Amazons as valiant as men. Their King is served in great pomp, and hath a guard of two hundred Mastiffs. (4) Cafraia, whose people live in the Woods without Laws like brutes. And here stands the Cape of good Hope, about which the Sea is always rough and dangerous: It hath been especially so to the Spaniard. It is their own note, in so much, that on● was very angry with God, that he suffered the English Heretics to pass it so easily over, and not give his good Cathol●k●s the like speed. (5) Manicongo, whose Inhabitants are in some parts Christians, but in other by-Provinces Anthropophagis, and have shambles of man's flesh, as we have for meat. They kill their own children in the birth, to avoid the trouble of breeding them, and preserve their Nation with stolen brats from their neighbouring Countries.  
(16) Egypt, is the seventh and last part of the African Continent, which deserves a larger Tract than we can here afford it: But for the present be content with a brief Survey; and satisfy yourself more particularly in the many several Authors that write her story. It hath on the East the Red Sea, Barbary on the West: on the North, the Mediterranean, and Aethiopia Superior on the South. It was first possessed by Cham, and therefore called Chemia in their own antique Stories: Or at least by Mitzraim his Grandchild, and is so agreed upon by most. For plenty it was called Orbis horreum, yet it had very seldom any rain, but that defect was supplied by the River Nilus: The places of note are, Cairo and Alexandria. The first was heretofore Memphis: Some say Babylon, whither the Virgin fled to escape. Herod's tyranny intended to our Saviour: and blush not to show the very Cave where she had hid her Babe. In a desert about four miles distant stand the Pyramids, esteemed rightly one of the seven wonders of the world. Alexandria was a magnificent City, and the place where Ptolemie took his Observations, and was famous for the rarest Library in the World. To the Inhabitants of this Country, we owe the invention of Astrology, Physic, Writing on Paper. Their King's names were Pharaoh toward the beginning: Now what the Turk pleaseth.  
(17) And this is as far as we may travel by Land: it remains that we lose out into the bordering Seas, & descry what Lands we can, near those parts of Africa which we have here mentioned. And these lie either Southward in the Aethiopicke Sea, or else Westward in the Atlantic Ocean.  
(18) The Aethiopicke Lands are only two. (1) The Island of S. Laurence or Magadassar, four thousand miles in compass, and the length more than Italy, rich in all Commodities almost that man can use. The Inhabitants are very barbarous, most of them black, some white there are, supposed to have been transplanted out of China. (2) Zocatrina at the mouth of the Red Sea, in length sixty, in breadth twenty five miles. It lieth open to sharp Winds, and by that means is extreme dry and barren. Yet it hath good Drugs, and from hence comes the Aloe Zocatrina. The people are Christians and adore the Cross most superstitiously, and give themselves much to Enchantments.  
(19) The Atlantic Lands are (1) Sir Thomas Island, and lieth directly under the Aequator, it was made habitable by the portugals, which found it nothing but a wood. It is full of Sugar, little other commodities. (2) Prince Island, between the Aequator and Tropic of Capricorn: It is rich enough for the owner, though I find no great report of it. (3) The Gorgades of old the Gorgon's where Medusa and her two sisters dwelled; I forbear the fable, they are nine in number, and because near to Cape Virido, in the Land of Negroes, they have a second name of Insulae Capitis Viridis. They abound with Goats, and the chief of them is called Saint james. (4) The Canaris called for their fertility The fortunate Lands, and was the place of the first Meridian, with the ancient Geographers, to divide the world into the East and West, and from thence to measure the earth's Longitude: but now it is removed into the next Lands more North, which are the Azoris, and belong properly to Europe, as lying nearer Spain than any other Continent. The number of the Canaris are seven. The chief Canary; next Palus, where our Ships touch to refresh themselves in their voyage toward America. Then Tanariffa, which hath no water but from a cloud, that hangs over a tree, and at noon dissolves, and so is conveyed into several parts. The other four are Gomera, Hieiro, Lansarat, and Fuerte ventura, some few other not worth note or name. The men lend their Wives like Horses or any other Commodity. (5) Last, the Hesperides not far from the Gorgades, they are often mentioned by our ancient Poets in the fable of Atlas his Daughters. It was supposed to be the seat of their blessed, which they called the Elysian field. And indeed it is a very happy soil, the weather continually fair, the seasons all temperate, the air never extreme. To conclude, Africa affords not a sweeter place to rest in.   

¶ The Description of EUROPE.  
EUROPE may perhaps think herself much injured to be thus cast back into the third place of my Division, and reckoned the last of the old world: but my promise shall be here made good, to give her her due. And though Chronologie will not allow the precedency: yet compare her present estate with the rest, and you may take her rank here to be ad Pompam, as most commonly in our solemn Triumphs those of most worth are marshaled forth last. Yet were she so minded to quarrel for Antiquity, she could not want abetters, such as would have some parts of Europe flourish within thirty years after the confusion of tongues. The original of the German Kingdom is drawn by Aventinus Helcr●●, and others, from Tuisco, the son of No●h, and he began his reign in the year 1787▪ after the Creation, and that was but one hundred thirty one years after the Deluge, not above thirty from the time that they were dispersed out of Babel. But to pass by those uncertain stories which may admit dispute, we have to this day the German Triers, a City standing from the time of Abraham, and bears as yet the marks both of the art and ambition of the Babylonians. As if here they strove to reach eternity, as they did before in the plain of Shinar to top heaven.  
(2) Sure I am what ever part of the world was first famous, Europe soon got the start, and took the Sceptre of the earth into her hand, she had the name with Pliny of Orbis domitorum genitrix: and well she might, if we but read her Story, since first she came in view. In the Greek Monarchy Alexander was her Champion. In the Latin Empire the Romans bore the sway, and scarce left a corner of the earth then known unconquered. And to this day the Princes of Europe enlarge their Dominions upon the Regions of the other three. A small portion as we are of this little I'll, in respect of their vast Continent, yet have we a part too in America for our peculiar, and hope still to bring more into our possessions, that we may bring them unto Christ.  
(3) In respect of the two other quarters in the Eastern hemisphere, Europe is partly West, and partly North, for she is situated Northward, betwixt the Tropic of Canc●r and the polare Arctic: and Westward hath no Continent betwixt her and America, but is bounded with the Atlantic Ocean. On the East toward Asia, she hath the Mare Aegeum, which the Italians call Archipelagus, and the Pontus Euxinus, or Mare Magor. And the Palus Meotis, and the River Tanais. Southward it hath the Mediterranean and Fretum Herculeum; So that it is almost encompassed with the Seas; and hath the form of a Peninsula, whose Isthmus that joins it to the rest of the Continent is to be reckoned that part, which lieth betwixt the branches of the River Tanais and the Mare Glaciale: These are her out-bounds.  
(4) If we view her within we shall find that Nature had not spent her store, nor was she close handed when she allotted her portion. And though Europe indeed be the least, yet is she furnished in all points with the like variety: her Rivers as Commodious as those of Asia and Africa, and her Mountains no less famous than Taurus or Atlas. Her measure indeed is not comparable to any of the other three: She bears in Longitude but 3800. miles from S. Vincent in Portugal to Constantinople. And in Latitude at most 1200. and that too from the Aegean to the frozen Sea, by some account not above 900.  
(5) But be her extent (as it is) small; it adds to her glory, that in Exiguo res numerosai●cet: that yet she exceeds those vaster Regions, and bears the name of the most happy Country in the world, both for plenty of Corn, Plants, Fruits, for Rivers and Fountains of admirable virtues, for beauty as well of Cities, Castles, and Horses, as men and women of excellent feature. For the study of Arts, for sincerity in Religion, and what ever else God hath pleased to bless his Church with from the beginning.  
(6) She wants nothing but what she may well spare; wild Beasts, which cause Deserts in the parts where they breed: hot Spices, which fit not our temper: and rather corrupt our manners then mend our diet: precious jewels and the like, which have brought in a degree of vain and useless pride not known before by our Predecessors; yet too of gold, silver, and other commodious metals, she hath her portion. And in brief, is of a very prosperous temper, yet of so strange variety, that it is admirable to think that there is no place in this quarter, but is fit for any man to live in. Insomuch as every corner is inhabited, as is confirmed by our later Travellers: though heretofore it hath been questioned by reason of the extreme cold toward the Pole. This in general.  
(7) In her Division, we will begin from her Western parts, that lie towards the first Meridian of Longitude, and so on till we come to her Eastern limits, which joins her to Asia. The order is (1) Spain. (2) France. (3) Belgia. (4) Germany. (5) Italy. (6) Denmark. (7) Hungary. (8) Polony. (9) Slavonia. (10) Greece. (11) Dacia. (12) Norwegia. (13) Suevia. (14) Muscovia.  
(8) Every least Region of Europe merits a peculiar Description at large, and shall in its turn partake of my pains such as it is. In the mean time I will here instruct my Reader in the general knowledge of each, and direct him principally to their situation, that be may with ease find their propinquity and distance in respect of each other, which cannot be so aptly expressed in their several Maps; nor so easily scanned as in this, which presents to his eye all at one view.  
(9) Spain is the first and the amplest Region of Europe, For in breadth it numbereth 10000 stadia saith Appianus, and little less (as it seemeth) in length. The compass is reckoned by us to be 1890. English miles. It is begirt on every side with Seas, unless on the Eastern, and there it is joined to France by a kind of Isthmus, when the Pyrenaean Mountains cross from one Sea to the other, and set the limits to both Kingdoms. On the West it is bounded with the Atlantic Ocean, on the North with the Cantabrick▪ and on the South with the fretum Herculeum: Southeast with the Mediterranean. Till within this 800. years it continued mangled and broken by many turns of Fortune. Since it hath felt variety enough, now it is wholly subject to one Monarch, though it yet carry the name of three Kingdoms, Arragon, Castille, and Portugal. The Land yields all sorts of Wines, Sugar, Fruits, Grain, Oils, Metals, especially Gold and Silver. It is fertile enough for the Inhabitants. For indeed they are not many, nor have they so great Cities as there are in other Regions in Europe. Besides, the conditions of those for the most part are base. The meanest proud, the best superstitious and hypocrites: most of them lascivious. Give them their own, they are good Soldiers, not so much for their valour in performing, as patience to endure labours, hunger, thirst, and by this means ofttimes, weary out an enemy rather than conquer him.  
(10) France the second Region of Europe, beginneth from the West at the Pyrenean Mountains, and is bounded on the East with Germany, on the North with our English Seas, and southward with the Mediterraneun, Southeast with the Alps, which divide it from Italy. It was once tributary to Rome, as most of these parts besides, and had its division into Provinces as they pleased. Now the chief are Loraigne, Burgundy, Savoy, and these have their free Princes; the rest are Normanie, Brittany, Berry, Aquitane, Picardy, Poictou, Languedock, Anjou, Gascoine, Provenue, Compagne, and many more. The Country is very fruitful, and calls all her neighbouring Nations to her for Traffic. Their special Commodities are, Wine, Corn, and Salt. Well peopled, and hath very many illustrious Cities. But the Inhabitants are naturally light in their carriage, almost Counterpoint to the Spaniard: yet of great fame, both in learning and wars. Commended by all strangers for complete Courtship.  
(11) Belgia hath France on the South, on the North Denmark, on the East Germany, and the main Ocean on the West: It is known best with us by the name of Low Countries or Netherlands. The compass of it is about a thousand miles. It is divided into 17. Provinces. And of these, four are Dukedoms, seven Earldoms, five Baronies, and one Marqueship. The Dukedoms are (1) Brabant, and in this is Autwerp. (2) Luicke. (3) Lutzenburg, here stands the vast Forest of Ardenna. (4) Gelderland. The Earldoms (1) Flanders. (2) Artois. (3) Hainolt. (4) Holland. (5) Zealand. (6) Zutphen. (7) and Hamme. The Baronies (1) Freizland. (2) Vltrecke. (3) Mechlin. (4) Overissell. (5) Grovelling. The Marqueship is that of the holy Empire. The Land is good, and affordeth great store of Butter, Cheese, and breeds Oxen of incredible bigness and weight. The people too, are very industrious and excellent Mechanics. The men commonly are of a goodly portraiture: yet of more same for their wars then their valour; but are forced to maintain their liberty by the Sword; good Seamen indeed, and in that they bear some sway. Their Governors are called the States of the Low-Countries. The General of their Forces, is the Prince of Orange.  
(12) Germany lieth Eastward from Belgia, and on her own East is bounded with Hungary and Polonia, and the River Vistula, on the North with the German Ocean, and on the South with the Alps that divide her from Italy. In the middle is situated the Kingdom of Bohemia, compassed with the Sylva Hyrcinia, and in this stands Prage, where the Emperor commonly keeps his Court. And comprehends many Provinces of note: Saxony, Brandenberge, Pomerania Bavaria, Sle●ia, Franconia, Austria, Helvetia, East-Friezland, Westphalia, Cleveland, Alsatia,  map of Europe 
EUROPE, and the chief Cities contaned therein, described; with the habits of most Kingdoms now in use. By Io: Speed 〈…〉 1626.  Brunswick, and Hassia. It hath now the name of the Empire, as once Rome had, but it comes far short of her in glory. The right to it descends not by succession, but by choice of six Electors, Archbishops of Triers, M●nts, and Cullen, Count Palatine of Rhine, Duke of Saxony, and marquis Brandenberge: In case of equality, the King of Bohemia hath a suffrage which carries it. It is a rich Country, in Corn, Wine, Fruits, Mines, and hath in it healthful Baths. The people warlike and ingenious for the invention of many useful implements.  
(13) Italy hath Germany on the North, divided by the Alps, on the South the Mediterranean, on the East the Adriatic Sea, and on the West, Marc Tyrrenum. In length it is 1010. miles, and in the broadest place 420. It was once entirely one. Now it is divided into many States and Provinces. The chief are, the Kingdom of Naples, the Territory of Rome, Lombary, Tuscaine. The Signory of Venice, Verona, and others of great fame. For indeed the whole Country is of admirable fertility, and called by good Authors, the Paradise of the earth. The Inhabitants grave and frugal: yet hot and lascivious.  
(14) Denmark is joined to Germany on the South, and on the West hath the Mare Germanicum, and so almost is environed with Sea, and is a Peninsula. In the Continent are two Provinces of note, Irglant and Holston. The other are petty Lands for the most part. The chief Zealand and Loiland. The Country breedeth goodly Horses and store of cattle. The people are good Soldiers, and subject to one King.  
(15) Hungaria, hath part of Germany on the West, on the East the River Tibiscus, and Walachia, on the North with Poland, and on the South with the River Saure, Southwest with Slavonia. The great Danubius cuts her in the middle, and names her parts Citerior and Vlterior. The chief Provinces are (1) The Country of Soliense: where the earth sends forth such a stench, that it poisoneth the very Birds which fly over it. (2) An Island in Danubius exceeding fertile. And so indeed is the whole Country. The people are generally strong, but show their Ancientrie to be of the Scythians by their barbarous manner, and neglect of learning. Their Daughter's portions are only a new attire: and their Sons equally inherit without privilege of birthright. The Emperor of Germany and the Turk share it betwixt them.  
(16) Polonia and Silesia, a Province of Germany on the West, on the East the River Boristhenes or Neiper: on the North the Baltic Sea, and Hungary on the South. It is in compass 2600. miles. The chief Provinces which belong at least to Poland are, Livonia, Lituania, Volinia, Samogitia, Podolia, Russia nigra, Mazaria, Prussia, Podlassia, the Dukedoms of Optwittes, and Zator, Polonia propria. The Land abounds with Honey, Wax, Mines of Copper and Iron. It breeds store of Horses fit for service. Their Religion is promiscuous of all kinds from the true worship, to the very Atheist, which acknowledgeth no God: yet they are governed by one King, which doth not succeed, but is chosen by the Nobles.  
(17) Slavonia, hath Hungary on the North, on the South the Adriaticke Sea, Greece on the Southeast, and on the West part of Italy. It is in length 480. miles, in breadth, 120. The people were called Sclavi, and were by Conquest of the Venetians made their drudges: It is now divided into Illyricum, Dalmatia, Croatia. The mother tongue of this Nation is used through many Country's, both of Europe and Asia: part of it belongs to the government of Hungary: some to the Turk, some to the Austrians, and a portion to the Venetian State.  
(18) Greece is limited on the West with the Adriatic Sea: on the East with the Aegean, Hellespont, Propontis, Northward with the Mountain Haemus, and Southward with the Mediterranean. It was once the seat of the world's Empire, and flourished far beyond all other in every kind of humane learning, which to this day is received by all civil Nations as their rule. It was one of the first among the Gentiles that received the faith of Christ, and bred many Fathers of our Church, S. chrysostom, Basill, S. Gregory and others. But the Inhabitants are now kerbed and kept low, as well in knowledge as estate, by the tyranny of the Turk. Their women are well favoured, but not fair. The common division is into these Regions, Peloponnesus, Achaia, Epirus, Albania, Macedonia, Migdonia, Thracia; They afford us Gold, Silver, Copras, Colours, Wines, Velvet, Stuffs, etc.  
(19) Dacia on the West hath Hungary, on the East the Euxine Seas, on the South Greece, on the North Sarmatia, from which it is divided by the Carpathian Mountains. It was heretofore Misia, and was by Domitius parted into Misia superior and inferior. Now the chief Regions are Transilvania, Moldavia, Walachia, Servia, Rasia, Bulgaria, Bosnia.  
(20) Norwegia or Norway, describes her situation in her very name, which signifieth in the German tongue, no other than North-way: for so it is in respect of the rest of Europe, & encompassed almost round with Sea. The length is 1300. miles. The breadth about 600. The people were once valiant, and spread their Conquests in most places of Europe: Among the rest England hath her share, and was forced to submit to Duke William, and Ireland to Tancud. But now themselves are under a foreign government of the King of Denmark, and live simply enough: possess little worth the commending except honesty. Theft is counted the greatest sin among them. Yet they have Cables, Masts; Furs good store, and Stockfish, which the poor eat in stead of bread. The Metropolitan City is Nidrosio; besides this, there is not above two of eminent note. Bergla one of the Mart towns of Christendom, and Asloia a Bishops See. On the North and West stands the populous Province of Frimarke.  
(21) Suevia or Sweden, is on the East of Norway, divided from it with the Dofrine Mountains. On the North and South it is bounded with Seas: at the East end it is joined to Muscovia. By reason of their neighbourhood, they partake much in their dispositions with the Norwegians. Their Counntry is fertile, and in some Provinces hath very great plenty of Corn, Furs, Mines of Gold and Silver, Copper, Led, and other excellent commodities from which they take their name. For the first is Gotland, as much as good land. The second Finland, quasi fine land. The rest are Bodia, Serick-firmia, Lappland, & others. The Inhabitants live to a great age of 140. and are much given to Witchcraft.  
(22) Muscovia is the last Region of Europe towards the East, and indeed stands a good part in Asia. It is bounded on the West with Livonia, & some part of Swevia, on the East with Tartary, on the North with the frozen Seas, and Southward with the Lituania. The length of it is 3000. miles, the breadth 3065. It is likewise known by the name of Russia alba. The most parts of it are extreme cold: But Nature for the help of the Inhabitants hath lined it with rich Furs, Sables, Martin's, white Fox and the like: and hath furnished it with other Commodities, Corn, Fruits, and cattle. The whole Region is subject to the Emperor of Russia. A vast Territory and as wild a government. For the people are very base, contentious, ignorant, and sottishly superstitious. They bury their dead upright, with a staff in his hand, a penny in his purse, and a letter to S. Nicholas to procure him entrance into heaven. There are many Provinces of note. The chief are (1) Muscovia, where Moscow stands, the prime City and seat of the Emperor. (2) Permia, where they eat stagsflesh in stead of bread. (3) Rhesan, so full of Corn that Horses cannot tread it down, nor a Quail pass through it. But for this I am not very urgent to enforce belief upon my Reader. Others there are which have their stories of as much wonder, and as little credit. But I must not pass too far this way, lest I a little trespass upon another's possession; I have already set footing into Asia: Give me leave to recover myself into my proper bounds, and I will set yond a brief description of the Lands which are reckoned as the appendices to Europe.  
(23) The West in the Atlantic, are Cronland, Groviland, Island, Freesland. These lie nearest to the Arctic and are extreme cold, but send forth good store of Fish. The next rank is in the British Seas: Ireland, Great Britain with her train, the Orcadeses, Hebrides, Silly Lands, Man, Anglesey, jarsie, Gernsey, Wight. Let not the rest envy, if I here as I pass, do a due homage to our own, and salute Her Queen of European Seas. She is a parcel of earth, culled out from the rest, which for her proportionable distance from the Torrid and frized Zones, enjoyeth so sweet a temper, that neither our Summer heat need compel us to the shade, nor out Winter could invite us to the fire, so Maginus. And indeed our lines are fallen in pleasant places: we have a fair inheritance, others you shall find of less regard in the German Seas, and those which divide Norway and Sweden, from Germany and Poland. More toward Spain are situated the Azons, 9 in number. Of these one called Faiall is with us of greatest note, for our noble Sir Walter Raleighs victory over the Spaniard, 1597.  
(24) The Southern Lands of Europe lie about the Mediterranean. The first rank are, (1) Baleans near unto Spain. (2) Corsica. (3) Sardinia, over against Italy where it parts from France. (4) Sicily, famous for the gulf Charybdis, which answers to the Rock Scylla on Italy side, and for the shipwrecks which ofttimes they enforce, have made up the fiction of the Sea-monsters mentioned in our ancient Poets. (5) Malta the seat of the illustrious Knights. The second Classis is of those in the Adriatic and jonium Seas. In Ptolemy I find situated on the North-east of Italy, Absorrus, Curicta, Scardona, Insulae Diomedaeae, Issa, Targurium, Pharia, Corcyra, Melitum: more South toward the Mediterraneun Corcyra, Ericusa, Cephalenia, Ithaca the Country of Ulysses, Echinades Insulae Zacynthus, the Strophades, Cythera: And just as it were in the mouth of the Aegeum, now called Candia an Isle of 520. miles' circuit, and feigned by the ancient Poets to be the birthplace of jupiter. It abounds with Cypress trees, and a lascivious Wine which we call Malmsey.  
(25) The last on the Southern Lands in the Aegean Sea, which indeed are not easy to be numbered: but the chief are Melos, Chias, Bria, The Cycladeses, Sporades, Delos, Tenos, Icaria, Samos, Andros, Eubia, a very large Island, Scyros, Lesbos, Lemnos, Samothracia, and Mytilene, whose chief town Methymia offers itself to the confines of Asia. And now we are not many miles distant from Troas. You see we want Sea-room to travel further: If you desire to have an exact review of the particulars, you must allow each almost a several voyage. Let it suffice for the present, that when your desire serves to make further search into other Authors, your passage is here discovered to your hand.   

¶ The Description of AMERICA.  
AMERICA must yield herself to the last place of my division. She is styled commonly the new World in respect of what was known in Ptolemies time. And this name imports glory enough that she singly can equalise the title of World, and a larger World than can be made up by the other three, if we reckon in the Territories not yet fully discovered, and therefore indeed deserve not each to itself a several Description.  
(2) And since she hath enough upon due right to prefer her worth, there will be no need of that counterfeit gloze of ancientrie, which many pretend in the search of her original. Some there are that upon their own bare conjecture pronounce her as old as the story of our Antipodes: others as Solomon's voyage for Gold into the land of Ophir. In brief, my line will reach but 132. years backward, to the time of Christopher Columbus a Genoaie: before him I read of none, that durst arrogate to himself any certain knowledge of those parts, unless a bragging Spaniard without a name or note of description. There are a sort of ungrateful ones, that commonly debase them most that deserve of them best: and judge it a thing worthy their hate, to be outgone in any fair action, though it redound to their own profit. Pardon my zeal to truth; it warms my style against those robbers, in the behalf of so honourable a man: They are no petty thiefs that would steal from one his immortality: as what less could he deserve, that gave us the knowledge of another world, and laid the way open for the entrance of the Gospel, to the saving (as we hope) many millions of souls?  
(3) His lights were little beside his own projecting wit, excellent skill in Astronomy and Navigation: by which he fully persuades himself of some lands, that must needs lie in that portion of circle, which should make up the world into a Globe, & withal saw, there could be no distemper either of heat or cold, that could make it less habitable or fruitful, than those places of the old world, which lay under the same Climates, and had the like respect to the heavens. These indeed were good rational persuasions, but the difficulty would have daunted a mean spirit, & dashed not the action only, but the very thought. His resolution was confirmed; and his purpose well digested to himself in the year 1486. and put into practice about six years after.  
(4) When the gap was once opened many rushed in, and in a short space discovered a large Territory. Americus Vesputius got ground upon the Continent, and gave it that name. Ferdinando Magellanus found out the South-Sea-limits: and first attempted the compass of the word that way. Our own Heroics, Sir Francis Drake, Noble Candish, tract him in his Discoveries, and added of their own. Northward Forbisher and Davis, put fair for a passage round from the East side of the Continent, from the West Willoughby and Burroughs.  
(5) Let their several endeavours give you the parts of her division: The Regions contained in this Western Hemisphere, under the name of the New world or America, in the largest sense are four. (1) America propria. (2) The Lands. 3 Terra Septentrionalis incognita. (4) Terra Australis incognita or Terra Magellanica.  
(6) America propria, with her Lands are the first, and were first discovered: She is divided from the old world by the Atlantic Ocean on her East, and on her West, with the pacifique Sea, or Mare deal Zur North, and South she hath the Terrae incognitae, and so possesseth to herself almost the whole Hemisphere. What lieth beyond her toward each Pole from the Aequator appears as yet but as waste ground in our Maps: for the experience of our Travellers have not reached so far, as to search fully into the Commodities of the Countries, or nature of their Inhabitants. Yet questionless there are many, and may hereafter yield as much profit as any other.  
(7) Of the quality of this Region in general we can speak but little. For by reason of her length and breadth, she lieth at such several distance in respect of the heavens, that she admits indeed all variety almost, either of plenty or want, which we have hitherto found in Asia, Africa, or Europe. Here admirable for the fertility of soil; Then again as barren: here temperate, there scorching hot, elsewhere as extreme cold. Some Regions watered with dainty rivers: others again infested with perpetual drought. Some Plains, some Hills, some Woods, some Mines, and what not in some tract or other within the compass of America? yet nothing almost common to the whole but Barbarism of manners, Idolatry in Religion, and sottish ignorance, such as hardly distinguisheth them from brutes: else they would not have taken reasonable men to be immortal Gods, as at first they did: yet what either God was or immortality, they knew no more than instinct of nature gave them, only a confused thought they had of some place or other (God knows where) behind some Hill, or where the blessed resided after their death. And from thence they supposed the Spaniards came at their first arrival. But it was not long before the Tyrants cudgeled their simplicity, and by their cruelty appeared to them rather Devils from hell, than Saints from heaven.  
(8) Yet still the Inland Countries retain for the most part their inbred blindness: and worship the Sun, Moon, and Stars, and they have their other Spirits, which they call their Zemes, and adore them in Images made of cotton-wool, which ofttimes by the delusion of Satan seem to move, and utter an hideous noise, that works in these poor Idolaters a great awe, lest they should harm them.  
(9) The rest of their Customs are answerable to their Religion, beastly. They go naked, and are very lustful people without distinction of sex. In many places they are Anthropophagis, and prey upon each other like Wolves. They labour not much to sustain themselves: but are rather content to take what the earth can yield without Tillage. This in general.  
(10) Time hath not given way to many divisions of this America. I find one only in the best Authors: and that it seems Nature marked out to their hands; For she hath severed the Continent into two Peninsulae; The one lieth Northward from the Equinoctial, and is called Mexicana. The other for the most part Southward toward the Magellanick straits, and is called Peruviana. Each of them are subdivided into their Provinces.  
(11) Mexicana is the first, and her bounds on the East and West are the Atlantic Ocean, and Mare deal Zur. By the first it is severed from Europe: and by the last from the Regions of China and Tartary in Asia: and is distant not above 250. miles, if we measure the passage at the shortest cut. On the South it hath the Peninsall Peruviana: and Northward we are not sure whether Sea or Land. It comprehends in compass 13000. miles. The quality of the Inhabitants, and the riches of her soil shall appear in her several Provinces, which are numbered thus: (1) Nova Hispania or Mexicana propria. (2) Quivira. (3) Nicarugua. (4) jacutan. (5) Florida. (6) Virginia. (7) Norumbega. (8) Nova Francia. (9) Terra laboratoris or C●rterialis. (10) Estotilandia.  
(12) Nova Hispania, or Mexicana propria is the largest Province of this North part of America, and gave the name Mexicana to the whole Peninsula, which herself received from her chief City Mexico. Her bounds Southward is the Istthmus that joins the Continents. Northward the same with the Peninsulaes'; on the West Calformia or Mar Veriniglio, and on the East Incutan. It was first possessed by the Spaniard 1518. But it cost them much blood to entitle their Kings Hispaniarum reges. It is an excellent Country, full of all variety almost in every kind usual with us, and exceeds in rarities full of wonder. There is one tree which they dress like our Vine, and order it so, that it yields them almost all useful necessaries. The leaves serve them in stead of Paper, and of the Vine bark, they make Flax Mantles, Mats, Shoes, Girdle, and Cordage: She hath in her four principal Regions of note: (1) Nova Galitia found out by Nunnus Gusmannus 1530. Her Cities are Compostella, now a Bishop's Sea, Sancte Esprite, and Guadalaiara. The Inhabitants liv●d at large heretofore without any government. But since the Spaniard came, they have endured incredible servitude, and cruelty. (2) Mechnacan a fertile Region, the Inhabitants comely and witty. Her chief Cities, Sl●s●nse the place of their native Kings, Pascuar and Valudolit, the Bishops See. (3) Mexico or T●mistian, which contains in it the City of Mexico, in compass six miles, the seat of an Archduke: and the Spanish Viceroy: and in it is an University, a Printing-house, and a Mint for coinage. Other Cities there are, Tescuvo and Angelorum Civithy. (4) Ganstecan lying open on the East near Mare del Nort. It is but barren, and the people poor, but cunning. The Spaniards have here two Colonies, Panuco and St. james in the valleys.  
(13) Quivira bordereth upon the West of the Continent towards Tartary: It is temperate and fertile. But her chief riches is the Kine, which feed them with their flesh, and clothe them with their Hides. Her Provinces are Cibola and Nova Albion. The last was discovered by our Noble Sir Francis Drake, and voluntarily yielded to the protection of our admired Queen of England, Elizabeth.  
(14) Nicarugua on the Southeast of Nova Hispania, had a kind of settled Commonwealth before they knew Christianity, and is reported to have a tree that withereth at a man's touch. The chief Cities are now Granado, and Leo a Bishops See.  
(15) Incutan is situated over against the I'll Cuba upon the East of the Peninsula. The people adored the Cross before they heard of Christ. The Country is indifferent fertile: though that indeed as in all other places of this new World hath proved worse for the Inhabitants. For it hath drawn upon them their foreign Invadour.   map of America 
AMERICA with those known parts in that unknown world both people and manner of buildings Described and enlarged by I.S. Ano. 1626.  
(17) Virginia carries in her name the happy memory of our Elizabeth. On the East it hath Mare del Nor, on th● North Norumbega, Florida, on the South and Westward, the bounds are not yet set. It was first entered by Sir Walter Raleigh 1584. and some at that time left there to discover the Country till more were sent, but they perished before the second supply. Since there have been many Colonies planted out of England, which have there manured the ground, and returned good Commodities to the Adventurers. For indeed it is a rich Country, in Fruit, Trees, Beasts, Fish, Fowle, Mines of Iron and Copper, Veins of Pitch, Alum, and Tar, resin, Gums, Dies, Timber, etc. The Plantation went on with good success till the year 1622. And then by the treachery of the Inhabitants there murdered near upon three hundred of our men. The Natives are very vile people, horrible Idolaters, adore the creature which they most fear, and hate them which keep them not in awe: they were kindly entreated by our English, and invited by all friendly means to Christianity. The North parts are most inhabited by our men, and is therefore called New England. It hath but one entrance by Sea at a fair Bay. Her Capes are called Cape Henry, and Cape Charles. The chief Towns are janus' Town, Regnougton, and Balesguift.  
(18) Norumbega on the North of Virginia, lieth toward the Mare del Nort, and is a very fertile Region. It is inhabited by the Spanish and French. The Seas are shallow, and endanger many ships. So full of Fish, that the Boats cannot have free passage, saith Maginus.  
(19) Nova Francia is farther Northward from Norumbega: a barren Country, and the people barbarous; some Anthropophagis. A few French there are besides the Natives.  
(20) Terra Laboratoris or Conterialis, 〈◊〉 more Northward upon the sea coast, and is divided from Norumbega by the River Lanada. It reacheth into the sea in form of a Peninsula. The men are barbarous, live in Caves, run swiftly, and are good Archers. The chief places are Breast, Cabo Marzo, and South Maria.  
(21) Escotiland the last Province of the Northern Peninsula still creeps by the edge of the Atlantic: and on the North hath the straits called Fretum Daveissii an Englishman, who this way attempted the Northwest unto Cathai and C●ina. And in regard it was adventured in the name of our Queen, the Promontory is called Elizabeth's Fore-land: and the sea running by it is likewise named furbishers straits, from another of our worthy Countrymen, that was interested before in the same service. This Region is held to be the first discovered of the New World. The North of it is still unknown. It yields plenty of Gold, but is extreme cold. The people ingenious and good Artificers in most kinds, they are clothed with beasts Hides: and are skilled to make themselves Boats of sea Caloes' skins, which they venture into the main sea without danger.  
(22) Peninsula Peruviana, is the South tract of America from the Isthmus to the Magellanick straits. The same seas are the bounds upon the East and West, which were of the other Mexicana, by which she is divided from Africa on the East, and on the West at a large distance from the most Southern Lands of Asia. The compass of it is 17000. miles. From North to South there runs a continued course of high Mountains, whose tops the very Fowls of the air cannot reach by flight. And from thence descend many admirable Rivers, among which Maragno and Argente●● are most famous. The one for his extent, and the other for his plenty of silver. The Country is exceeding rich, but the people differ not much from the worst of beasts. They devour man's flesh, filthy worms, and what else comes in their way. The chiefest Provinces are numbered thus; (1) Castilia Aurea. (2) Guiana. (3) Peru. (4) Brasile. (5) Chile.  
(23) Castilia Aurea is the first, named from her plenty of Gold. She lieth part in the Isthmus. The rest is the Northern tract of P●ru: (1) Castilia deal o'er in the very Isthmus, which is by some measured to be seventeen miles in breadth, by others twelve, the Merchandise sent from Spain is unladen a● Nombre de Dios, and conveyed cross the Isthmus by land to Panamais: from thence shipped again for the Northwest of Peru: Near these parts was an admirable achievement performed by our valiant Countryman john Oxenham, who by the direction of Moors skilled in the Country, went to the Land of Pearls, and took from the Spaniards an incredible weight of gold and silver. (2) Nova Andalusia Southward from Castilia deal o'er. The chief Towns are Tocoio and Sancta Espritta. (3) Nova Granata a rich Region with Mines of Gold and Silver, part of it lieth under the Equinoctial. And this is St. Foy, one of the Archbishops Sees. (4) Cartagena a fruitful Country, which yielded (when time was) to our still renowned Sir Francis Drake, store of prize, and 240. pieces of Ordnance.  
(24) Guiana is the second Province of the Peninsale Peru Maria, situated just under the Equinoctial. On the North it hath the main River Oronoque or Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh, who went further than any before him into the Country. This River is Navigable by report above 1000 miles. On the South it hath like wise another great River of the Peninsula called Maragnon, which exceeds the former, and is Navigable 600. miles in length. In this Province stands the largest City of America called el Dor●do or the guilded City: For indeed there is plenty of Gold: The length as it is spoke by some Travellers, will exceed belief. The second memorable Town is St. Thome: not so much for her own worth, as the dysasterous Fortunes of Sir Walter Raleigh: who there first lost his eldest son, and after returned home with that ill success, as it cost him his own life.  
(25) Peru the third in rank, yet by name it seems to be the chiefest Province of this Southern tract. It is contained almost betwixt the Aequator and the Tropic of Capricorn. On the North it hath Castilia del oro, on the South Chila, on the West Mare del Zur, and on the East the mountains of Peru. It is a very rich Country, aboundeth with gold and silver, little esteemed among the Inhabitants. For by report the Spaniard ordinarily shooed their Horses with gold: Another great Commodity is Tobacco, a toy to play withal, but yields a great revenue to the King of Spain. In this Province stands Lima the Arch-Bishops See and place of residency for the Viceroy Cusco, where the native Kings of Peru had wont to keep their Court. The Inhabitants are strange Idolaters, and worship a black Sheep, Serpents, and other ugly Creatures.  
(26) Brasile on the North hath the great River Maragnon, and on the South and West Argenteus, on the East Mare del Nort. The Longitude from North to South is accounted 1500, the breadth 500 the compass about 3000. The Inhabitants are rude, live for the most part in the bodies of trees. They swim excellently, & are able to keep under the water for a long space. Their chief commodities are Sugar and Brasile wood. The people are covered with natural hair, cruel, lascivious, false, and what not? In this Region is an herb called Viva, which if you touch it, it will shoot up, as a Daisy in the night, and will not open till the party that injured it be out of sight. Here are few Towns of note, Saint Anna, Equitum, Ascensio, Pernanbuco.  
(27) Chile is the last of the Peninsula, and on the North hath Peru, on the West the Mare del Zur, on the South the Magellanick straits, on the East the Virginian Ocean. She hath her name from her extreme cold temper, in so much that many are frozen to death, and hardened like marble. It is a rich Country as well for gold as other commodities of worth. The Rivers are fed with Snow that falls from the tops of high mountains. The people are of large stature, and very valiant. The chief City is Saint james, where a Colony of Spaniards keep hold.  
And thus we are traveled from the Basis to the very Pyris, at the South America. The utmost point of it is called Caput victoria from Magellanus Ship. The rest must be performed by Sea. Our best course will be from the East Atlantic Ocean round by the Magellanick straits into the Pacifick Sea. For within this compass lieth all the Lands that belong to this new World, and those were my second part in the general division of the whole Hemisphere.  
(28) The Lands of America in the Atlantic Ocean are (1) Margarita not far from Castilia del oro. 〈◊〉 very barren in provision for victuals, but exceeds in plenty of precious stones of the greatest value: And so doth her neighbour. (2) Cubagna. (3) Trinidado stored with Tobacco. (4) Bacalaes over against Terra Laboratoris. (5) Boriquen Northward from Guiana; Her principal Cities are St. jolas' and Port Rico, ruined by our Earl of Cumberland 1●97. (6) jamaica spoilt by the Spaniards cruelty of most of her Natives: Insomuch that the mothers strangled their babes in their womb to prevent their servitude under so hard a Master as the Spanish Governor. (7) Laba a rich I'll. In this there is a Bishop's Sea called St. Ingo. (8) Lucaiae insulae in number 4●0. and is best commended for the beauty of her women. (9) Barmudae many in number; discovered by Sir Thomas Summ●rs, and thence have the name of Summer Islands, possessed by a plantation of English, and agreeth well with their temper. (●0) Hispaniola or Haitie the first that was described by Columbus in the beginning of his attempt: An excellent Island for temper of air, fertility of soil, rich Mines, Amber, Sugar, and Roots medicinal. One of the chief Towns in Domingo, ransacked by Sir Francis Drake 1585. The rest are St. Isabel, St. Thome, St. jolius, etc. (11) ●here are a rank of Lands near the Basis of the South America, that are called Insulae Caralum or Canibalorum, part of them are Cannibals and wild people: yet they yield commodities especially the Guiacum or lignum Sanctum.  
(19) The Lands of America on the West in the Pacifick Sea are not many of much account. (1) The chief is Califormia, an Island of about 500 leagues from the North Cape, Mendocino to the South, S. Lucas, which enters a little within the Tropic of Cancer. (2) Insulae Salomonis, supposed by some to be the Land of Ophir. (3) Insulae Latronum, named from the Natives theft, who stole Magellanus Cockboat when he first entered it.   

The Description of GRAECIA.  
GREECE is divided from Italy, but by a short cut of the Adriaticke sea. Each is so placed in Contra-view of the other, as if she were ordered to overlook her neighbour's actions. And so indeed there hath been continually a mutual emulation betwixt the two flourishing Nations, which have either in turns possessed, or at once divided the Empire of our Christian world.  
(2) How ever now she lieth dejected, and groans under a miserable servitude: yet once she had as well the pre-eminence of Rome in glory, as the precedence in time. For to say truth, she was the wisest of any people, that were not enlightened with the knowledge of that great mystery: she set a pattern for government to all her succeeding ages; and (in brief) she was the mistress almost of all Sciences: some there are which (in a strict account) will accept none but the Mathematics: And yet too (though those without doubt owe their being to the Chaldeans and Egyptians,) sure I am that even in them, she bred some of the most famous Artists that ever the world had, Euclid may be my proof. In Philosophy Socrates, Plato, and our great Aristotle. In Oratory Demosthenes, Aeschines, and Isocrates. In Historiographic Xenophon, Thucydides, Plutarch and Herodotus. In Poesy Hesiod, Homer, Sophocles, and Aristophanes. In State-policy the wisest Solon of Athens, and Lycurgus of Lacedemonia: In Military affairs Themistocles, Miltiades, and the great Alexander, and infinite others, which had all past their times, and Greece almost sunk in her lustre, before the name of Rome was heard of almost in her Territories.  
(3) She was at first but a small parcel of this quarter, till by her prowess she grew on upon her neighbouring Countries, and enlarged her dominions through all Macedonia, Peloponnesus, Epirus, the Aegean Lands and Thrace: and besides sent forth Colonies into other parts as well of Asia and Africa as of Europe, whereof some retain the Greek names to this day. Herself enjoyed the liberty for a long time which the first Inhabitants took to themselves, and felt not the burden of a tributary nation, till the time of the Persian Cyrus. He first brought her under. After him Xerx●s and other of the Kings of Persia; which held it till it was recovered by Philip King of Macedonia; and from him it fell to Alexander the great, who first took up his Greek Monarchy: and at his death in the division delivered this with the rest to his successors in the Kingdom of Macedonia: and so it continued until their last Perseus, in whose time it fell into the power of the Romans.  
(4) But when that Empire too had its fate to be severed by Constantine the great into the East and West, the Greeks again put in for a part: and were for a time rulers of the East, till they were successively overrun by the Goths, Bulgarians, Saracens, and Turks, under whom to this day, the poor wretches suffer continual persecution for the name of Christ: and are scarce permitted by that great Tyrant, means of learning to know the Name, for which they suffer.  
(5) This Religion was first called Helles from Hello the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, and in aftertimes took the name of Graecia from Graecus the son of Cecrops: and King then of that part only, which was called Attica: For when there were many States, which were ordered by their peculiar Princes: But when once they were all joined into a Monarchy, the whole retained the name of that part which was accounted most famous: and the Inhabitants in their stories generally called Grecians, though sometimes by the like Synecdoche, Achaei, Achivi, Argivi, Danai, Delopes', Dores, Dryopes, Hellenes, jones, Myrmidones, and Pelasgi.  
(6) The bounds of Greece have been severally set, as her government hath been either enlarged by her own valour, or impaired by a foreign enemy. But as she is now taken by Geographers, her mark on the East is the Aegean Sea: on the West the Adriaticke, which severs her from Italy: on the North the Mountain Haemus, which is reported (though falsely) to be of such height, that from the top a man may descry Seas four several ways: and on the South the Mediterranean jonium Seas.  
(7) The Region thus limited was once as fertile, pleasant, and rich, as any part of the whole Continent: And by reason of her plenteous Rivers and commodious access for Ships, from almost all Coasts, she could want no means to export her own overplus, or import foreign merchandise from all parts of the known world: If at this day it appears not in that lustre no marvel.  
Impius haec tam culta novalia miles habebat:  
Barbarus has segetes.  
(8) And besides the base misusage of the misbelieving Turk, the very Natives themselves are fallen from the noble disposition of their predecessors into an incredible sottishness: and those which before reckoned the rest of the earth Barbarous in comparison to their polite Commonwealth, are now themselves sunk below the envy of the meanest Nation, and become the most miserable object of pity living upon the earth. Indeed they may hardly be said to live, for that they take no farther care then barely to live. They are lazy beyond belief, and ignorant almost beyond recovery: for they have now no means to bring their children either to learning or manners. Not an Academy in all Greece. Their carriage generally uncivil: their feasts riotous, and their mirth debauched. Their Wives are well favoured, and so indeed they must be: for they use them no longer as their wives then they continue to their liking: when they once fade, they are put to the house-drudgerie. Their language is the same as heretofore, but rudely corrupted, though (as Maginus reports) it differs not so much as the Italian from the pure Latin. The have no habit almost proper, but those which serve the Turk wear their fashion: the rest which are under the Venetian, observe them in their apparel: for they are slaves to both in their whole course.  
(9) Yet they retain still a show of the Christian Religion, which was here first settled by Timothy, to whom Saint Paul wrote two Epistles, and was after in the Primitive times, professed by divers learned and reverend Divines of their own Nation, which are with us received as Authentic Fathers of the Church: Saint chrysostom, Basile, the Gregory's, Nisene, and Nazianz●n, were all Grecians.  
The government Ecclesiastical is in power of four patriarchs: (1) Of Constantinople; and his extends over all Greece, Moscovie, Sclavonia, Dacia, part of Poland, and all the Lands of the Adriatic and Aegeun Seas: (2) Of Alexandria, and his over Egypt and Arabia: (3) Of jerusalem; and his over the greeks in Palestine: (4) Of Antioch; and his over Syria, Armenia, and Cilicia.  
(10) The people of this Country were heretofore distinguished by their principal dialects. And those were the Attic jonike, Doric and A●olike. A fifth there was which was called a mixed or common dialect. Each differed from other no more than we do from ourselves in several parts of our Kingdom, But this division will hardly reach the limits, which bounds Greece according to our description: we will adhere rather to that of our modern Geographers, which reckon to Greece, six Provinces. (1) Thrace. (2) Macedonia. (3) Albania. (4) Epirus. (5) Achaia. (6) Peloponnesus. And (7) the Lands.   map of Greece 
Eλλαs GREECE Revised by john Speed and are to be sold by Geo: Humble 1626.  
Revised by john Speed and are to be sold by Geo: Humble 1626.  
(12) Part of this Nation was heretofore persuaded, that their ancestors did not at all die, neither should they; but pass only out of this world into another to their supposed god Zalmoxis, once a Scholar of Pythagoras, who when he had persuaded them unto this Religion, seemed wonderfully to vanish out of their sight, and appeared not any more: but left them fully possessed that he was the Deity, which must after a time entertain them. And this they expected with that great joy, that as oft as one died, in stead of mourning they set forth games and feasts to congratulate his freedom from the troubles of this earthly condition: and the wife only, whom he loved best (for they had many) was thought worthy to be killed by her best friends at her husband's grave, that she might bear him company in the other world: the rest bewailed their neglect, and the residue of their life was to them as a disgrace. When a child was borne, neighbours were called to bemoan his entrance into a multitude of calamities; and in course they reckoned up, what he was to pass before he could go to their god Zalmoxis: for they acknowledged no other: but blasphemed and shot arrows against the heavens as oft as they heard it thunder.  
(13) Their Kings, saith Quadus, are chose by suffrage: and those especially which are best known to be most mild; not young, nor yet a father of any children: for they will not by any means admit, that their government should become hereditary. If the Prince himself offend, he shall not escape their laws even to death: yet no man may set a hand to his execution, but by a common desertion he is allowed no necessaries to live, and therefore must needs die. Here once reigned Polymnestor, which murdered Pryam's younger son Polydorus: And Tereus, and Diomedes, etc.  
(14) This Province is now called Romenia, and takes that name from her chief City Constantinopolis or Roma nova; heretofore Byzantium, of great fame from her first building, and that six hundred threescore and three years before the Incarnation: her founder Pausanias a Lacedaemonian. She stands so commodiously and commands the Euxine Sea, the Propontis & Hellespont; that there can hardly be any passage to or fro betwixt Europe and Asia in those parts, without her leave. And (likely enough) that for this cause Constantine the Great when he divided the Empire, chose this for his Eastern seat: and in the year three hundred fifteen enlarged it with magnificent buildings, and decked her in the apparel of old Rome: from whence he translated hither many ancient and costly monuments; and fain would have removed her name, but that his subjects out of their endeared affection to their Prince, would hear no other than Constantinopolis the City of Constantine. It is in compass eighteen miles, contains commonly seventy thousand Inhabitants, though almost every third year she be visited with a great Pestilence. The other eminent Cities of Thrace are Abdera, Nicopolis, Philopolis, Hadrianopolis, Traianopolis, Phinopolis, Pemithus, etc. The Chersonesus over against Troas in Asia, is called Saint George his Arm: and in it stands Sestos, where the love passed betwixt Leander and Hero.  
(15) Macedonia is on the West of Thrace, East of Albania: North of Epirus and Achaia: and South of Misia superior. It had this name from Macedo grandchild to Deucalion, as Solinus gives him. The land is fertile and pleasant: rich with mines of gold and silver: and the qualities of the Inhabitants were heretofore answerable. Their disposition noble and free: their laws good, and those their own: their attempts great, and their Kings valiant and victorious. The most renowned were Philip, and (the greatest one that ever the world knew) Alexander his son, which conquered the world, and set here the throne of the third Empire.  
(16) There are many under-Provinces in Macedonia. The principal is Thessalia, and here stands Triaeca the Bishop's Sea of Heliodorus, Author of that excellent fiction of Theagines and Cariclaea; though he were too much wedded to a youthful fable, when he chose rather to forgo his charge, then disavow his work. And here likewise is the Pharsalis, famous for the great Battle betwixt Caesar and Pompey. The other Provinces are Aemathia, Pieria, Pelasgia, Eshotis, & Phthiotis, which yield matter for many of their stories: and are famous for divers hills and Rivers often mentioned in our ancient Poets. The chief are Olympus, Pelion, and Ossa, with their delicious valley, Tempe, Pindus, Nymphaus, Athos, etc. The Rivers Axius and Erigonius. The chief City in the whole Region was (in Augustus his time) Thessalonica, now Salonike, comparable they say in state and merchandise to Naples in Italy.  
(17) Albania is on the West of Macedonia, and East of the Adriaticke Sea: North of Epirus, and South of Sclavonia. Her chief Cities Albanopolis, and Duractinum, heretofore called Epidammum and Croya. The whole Country was inwaded by Amurath, and recovered by George Castriot or Scanderbag, the terriblest enemy that ever the Turk had.  
(18) Epirus in her name carries no more than a firm land, and is a part (as most esteem it) of Albania, but indeed lies some what more Southward, than Albania propria: on the East she is divided from Achaia, by the River Achelous, and on the West is bounded with Montes Acroceraunii; on the South with the Ionian Sea. It was of old divided into Chaonia, which took her name from Chaon, the brother of Helenus: and Acarnania, which is now called Graecia the less. The Country was fertile and populous, but at this day lies waste, and breeds better cattle than men: especially Bulls, Sheep and Dogs of wonderful bigness: among the rest extraordinary Mares, which from thence were called Epiroticae. It was the Kingdom of Py●rhus, and of late years was governed by George Castriot.  
(19) Achaiae is upon the South of Thessalia, East of the River Achel●us: West of the Aegean Sea, and North of Peloponnesus. It contains many famous Provinces, the chief are (1) Attica, and her prime City was Athens now Setines: she had her first name from Minerva, whom they honoured as their peculiar goddess: as being at that time accounted the best learned among the Heathens: and excelled as well in martial affairs. In a word, they came short to none in wealth, state-policy and what else might make a people happy above expression: so Pliny sets her forth. The second Province is Doris, a tract near Parnassus' Mount, and mother to the most elegant Greek Dialect. (3) Aetolia, and in this the City Calydon. (4) Locris, and Regio Opuntiorum, her chief City Naupactus, and the famous Lepanto. (5) Phocis, which can glory in nothing more than the City Delphi, where the Oracle of Apollo gave answer (for many years) to the silly Idolaters. (6) Beotia, and in this stood Thebes. (7) Megaris, her principal City Megara, and from hence was the Secta Megarica, of which Euclid was chief.  
(20) Peloponnesus is a peninsula on the South of Graecia, and joined to the rest by an Isthmus, which is not above five miles in breadth from one Sea to the other, in so much, that it hath been sometimes attempted to be digged through, and was begun by Nero: but the work was found not worth the charge and trouble: It was fenced cross with a strong wall and five Castles; which being once destroyed was the second time by many hands erected in five days, and called Hexamilium.  
(21) This Peninsula is indeed the Fortress of all Greece: and though it wants much of the ancient glory, which it might well vaunt in the time of Agamemnon, Menelaus, Aiax and the rest: yet is she not so much to be contemned as other parts of this ruinated Country, how ever the Turk is her master, and she is now called generally Morea.  
(22) Her Provinces were (1) Corinthia near the Isthmus, and is named from her chief City Corinthus: which being fired, melted sundry metals into a confused medley, and made up the Aes Corinthium, held more precious than any other, of its own simple nature. (2) Argia, her Commonwealth was heretofore of great note, and her City Argos is at this day held pleasant and well seated. And in this likewise stood Epidamnus. (3) Laconia on the South of the Peninsula: her chief City was Lacedemonia, once Sparta: when Lycurgus gave his Laws, and is now called Misithra. (4) Missevia, and her chief Cities are Messeve, Mothone, Corone, etc. (5) Elis. (6) Achaia propria: and here stood Aegina, and Aegium, and Pateras. (7) Arcadia once Pelasgia, in the Centre almost of Peloponnesus, full of pleasant mountains, fit for pastue: and is therefore made the Shepherds seen in our renowned Sir Philip Sidneiss Poetical story. Her principal City is Megalopolis.  
(23) Thus have we passed the Continent of Greece, and want cometh only to give my Reader a brief Survey of the Lands which lie round in the Adriatic, Mediterranean, Ionian and Aegean Seas. But by reason the compass is so large, and the number so great▪ the little space which is left me, will scarce admit more than their bare names, which I will set down, with reference to their next neighbouring Provinces, as I have described them in the Continent.  
(24) First than near Peloponnesus, and in the Ionian Sea, toward Macedonia and Epirus, the chief are Aegina, Cythera, the Strophades, Zacynthus, Cephalonia, Ithaca, Echinades, Corcyra or Corphin and Sappho, etc. In the Aegean Sea belonging to Greece, are the Cycladeses and Sporades, and over against Thrace, Thassus, Samothracia, Imbrus, and Lemnos Vulcani. near Macedonia, Pepanthus, Scopelos, Scyathos, Scyros, Allonnesus, Cicinnethus, Dromus, Seraquinus. near Achaia is Euboea now Negroponte a very large Island: and not far distant Andros, T●nos, Delos, Rhine, Melos, and many others.   

The Description of the Roman Empire.  
VIRTUTE Deuce, comite Fortunâ is the word of most Historians, upon the low birth and quick growth of the state of ROME. For had not matchless prowess, and infallible success joined in their full strength to make up an Empire for the world to admire: I see not how she could in so few years raise herself from so small grounds, to so high a pitch of lustre, as set the whole earth at a gaze, and found us all business enough for a time, to do little else but observe her actions. Look back to Romulus her first Founder; you shall find him no better man, than the base son of a licentious Vestal; his father not truly known to this day, but simply surmised to be Mars the god of War. His mother Rhea, burnt by law for that very fact, in which she conceived him; and himself an outcast, exposed with his brother Rhemus, to be torn by the wild Beasts. Little hope we see left, for such a Nation to spring from their loins, had not Fortune lulled them in her own lap, and delivered them by mere chance, into the hands of one Faustulus the King's Shepherd, when they were thus found, the best Writers afford them no better Nurse, than the Shepherd's wife, a known Strumpet, who for her insatiate lust was called Lupa, and might perhaps occasion the fable of the She- wolf: She suckled them with no choicer milk than she did her own home-spoone brats; nor were they bred under Faustulus, to any better fortune than the Sheephook: yet no sooner the yonkers were start up to the knowledge of their true birth, but they stripped themselves out of their disguise, revenged their mother's death upon their usurping uncle Aemilius Silvius, restored the Latin Kingdom to the rightful Numitor, and erected a new Empire for their own posterity.  
(2) These were the progeny of Aeneas, who arrived here from the Trojan war, and made love to Lavinia, daughter to Latinus King of the Laurentini. The great combat betwixt him and Turnus the Rutilian, grew upon no other terms then for her fair looks, which he could not, nor did he peaceably enjoy, till he had vanquished his corrival, and then he soon fastened himself in the right to that Kingdom, and not long after possessed it, about the year of the world two thousand seven hundred eighty seven. It would not be much to our purpose, to lead you down step by step through the succession, till we come to Romulus. All before him, were before this Empire had being; and therefore outreach the limb of my story: yet this in brief, we may recount here, that he was the 17. from Aeneas, and founded Rome in the year 3198.  
(3) The plot-form was first cast in a figure of a quadrangle upon the mons Palatinus, for the other six noted hills were not then taken in, but added, in after ages, by their several Kings. It was begun (it seems) but slight, and the walls raised not very high, when Rhemus could skip them over, in contempt of his brothers poor enterprise: but the mock cost him his life; he was slain by Romulus; and he now left the sole founder to give name to this new building.  
(4) Romulus then is their first King, and takes upon him the government of such discontented and masterless young Shepherds, as he had raked together to people his Commonwealth; a crew so scorned of their neighbours, that their daughters denied to join in marriage, with such a refuse of men: so that by this means this upstart Nation was like to sink in the birth, for mere want of issue to continue their succession: And without doubt themselves had seen their last man borne, had not their own wit bestead them more, than the women's love. For when they saw their worth was not sufficient to woo fairly with effect, they proclaimed a day for solemn sports, which they presumed (and rightly too) would call in their borderers of both sex: and for that purpose had made provision of strength to force the women to their lust, whom they could not entice to their lawful embraces. The plot held, and the Sabines bear the name to have suffered most in that brutish treachery; yet others (it seems) had their part too in the injury, and jointly beset them round with strong enemies, which the Romans notwithstanding shook off with that ease and undaunted courage, that the rest were glad at last to yield them truce for their own quiet, and assist them too in their ensuing Conquests.  
(5) The City at this time was not above two miles in circuit; the Inhabitants not much above the proportion of that little ground, till Romulus had built an Asylum, a Refuge for debucht people; where the servant might secure himself from his master, the murderer from his magistrate, the debtor from his arrest, and each fault from its punishment: and then he soon called in incredible swarms (such as they were) of Latins, Tuscaines', trojans, Arcadians, and made up a Miscellany of people, each brought in the proper sins of his own Country, & have there left them as a testimony of their ancestors to this day.  
(6) This policy might seem good at first to make up his number; For who else (but such) would leave a settled state (though mean) in a well ordered Kingdom, to apply himself to novelties of so uncertain event? But in a few years their King found that there was more need of a Pistrinum to correct, than an Asylum to shelter his offenders, and therefore was forced to make settled laws for his Commonwealth; and cull out a certain number of the best ordered, to assist him with their counsel, and see execution duly performed upon the rest. These he called Patres or Senatores, and were at first not above one hundred, chosen out of the elder, wealthier, and gravest Citizens, who were either called Patricii, for that they had most of them many children, or Patroni, as being the Patrons of the Plebeii, or poorer sort, which were therefore ofttimes called Clientes, as having no business of action in the Commonwealth, scarce so much as to require their own right, unless under the protection of some one or other of the Patricii, yet afterward both the number of Senators was increased to 200. and at last 300. and the Plebeii too in time had the privilege to be elected into their society.  
(7) No sooner Romulus had thus set the form, but while he was yet in speech to the people at a set assembly, a tempest rose, the skies darkened, and a trick was found to juggle him clean out of their sight, as if at this instant he had been wrapped into the heavens. He passed not (it seems) to lose his life, so that he might gain the opinion of a god. For so the Romans believed; and it was confirmed by one Proculus, who pretended to have seen him after his change, and received a charge from his deity, that he should be thenceforward honoured in Rome as her tutelare. In brief, the more likely surmise of his manner of death is, that in the storm he was cut in pieces by some of his Senators, who had either suffered under his tyranny, or at least had hope to raise themselves by his fall.  
(8) Their second King was Numa Pompilius, religious in his kind beyond all others, and ordained in Rome a set form to worship their gods, invested Priests and soothsayers to perform their rites, and foretell things to come: committed the Vestal fire to virgins, to be kept as a perpetual watch over the Empire, in an emulation to the bright stars of heaven, which were never extinguished: and in brief, civilised the people so far as they began now, (and scarce till now) to have a sense of moral goodness, a moderate love to themselves mixed with some equity towards others.  
(9) Their third Tullus Hostilius stirred them up first with the desire of true honour, and enabled them by martial discipline to provoke the Albans, a Nation then of long standing, and great fame through most parts of Italy; yea so equal was their prowess, that open war might well lessen their several strengths, but not determine the conquest, till by the tried fortune of the Horatij, & Curatii, brothers on each party, it stooped at last to Rome, beyond her own hope: for she had at last but one Champion left of her Horatij, against the three others, who were notwithstanding by a feigned flight of their own adversary drawn severally out into single combat, and successively fell by the sword of the Roman victor. Alba was now carried captive to Rome, and gave up her honours as a Trophy to this newborn Empire.  
(10) Ancus Martius their fourth King enlarged her walls, joined those ports of the City, which were before severed by the River Tiber, with a large bridge. Their next Tarqvinius Priscus was a Corinthian, and knew well how to use his Greek wit, with a Roman valour. Nor peace nor war could over-match him. He triumphed over the Tuscaines', and was the first which entered the City in a chariot royal, drawn with four horses, and first indeed that ordained the vestments, and ensigns of honour, which were after in frequent use, to stir up the soldier to deserving actions.   map of the Roman Empire 
A NEW MAP OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE newly described by john Speed and are to be sold in pops head alley by G. Humble 1626.  
(12) Tarqvinius Superbus was the seventh and last King, proud and cruel, yet that too though it cost him his crown, enlarged the Kingdom to the Romans: for it prevailed upon many strong Provinces of Italy, which they after enjoyed with better hearts, and ruled with more equity, than he used in the unjust oppression of his neighbours. His name was grown odious when the lust of his son Tarqvinius wronged the chaste Lucretia, both together stirred the people to disrobe him of his title, and bethink themselves of some other form of government, which might found more of the Roman liberty.  
(13) This variety had took up hitherto scarce 245. years since the City was first built, a time too short for her greatness, if we compare her with the progress of other Nations: yet to her own ensuing fortunes, it is esteemed but her childhood, her infancy: while she had not yet spoke, nor the world well heard of her actions, farther than her own home, and her Countries near about. She began now to feel her strength, and when she had first freed herself from the oppression of her homebred Tyrant: she soon after spread her Arms over all Italy, and her fame through most parts of the world. Her power was now no more at the disposing of one King, but designed over into the hands of two aged and wise Citizens, of their own (though the best) rank: and this they were to use, rather as feoffees in trust, then free possessors; wherefore the Romans balked the insolency, which their last King had before practised, both in the name of their new Governors, for they were called only consuls, à consulendo; and in their term of Government, for it became now annual, which was not before limited unless by death: and lastly, by their ensigns of state, their twelve lictors and fasces, which were not allowed to both, but to each in turns for their several month. And this went on without breach almost six years, till the Romans thought fit to correct their laws by the Greek copy; and therefore deputed three of their best esteemed subjects to see Athens, to peruse their orders and customs, of which the world had then a great opinion: for it was indeed the mother of learning.  
(14) They returned them written at first in ten tables made of brass; two more were soon after added, and together were distinguished from their own municiple laws by the name of Leges 12. tabularum. The Consul's power was now taken off, and this was their rule of justice, put into the hands of ten, whom they called Decemviri. Each ruled in his turn, and (for that course) had a power well-nigh as large as their Kings or Consuls, else differed little at other times from a private Roman. This begun some 303. years after their first founder, and had continued but three, when Appius laid false claim to Virginia for his bondmayd, that indeed he might dishonour her as his strumpet. By this means he doubly provoked the Commons, both with her injuries, and her father's sorrow, who was forced to murder his own daughter, to quit her from the lust of the Decemviri: and therefore they took revenge, not upon him only, but his office; abrogated the Decemviratus, and returned the authority into the hands of Consuls as before: yet so, as ofttimes by intercourse the Tribuni militum put in for a consulary sovereignty, and was admitted to the same dignity, though not the name, which the Patritii only referred to themselves as their royalty. It was first procured by the importunate motion of the Commons, that they might be equally capable of the Consulship. To this, though the nobility would not give their full assent in all circumstances, yet were they constrained for their own peace to yield in effect, and mince it with another title of Tribuni plebis Consulare potestate.  
(15) Under these forms of government for three hundred years after the fall of Tarqvinius, to Appius Claudius & Q. Fulvius Coss. They were still in growth, but not yet come to their state of honours: and therefore Florus rightly styles it the youth of Rome in comparison to the age of man. In this while their most famous stories are the war with Porsenna, some eight years after their first Consuls: the creation of Dictator's and Tribunes of the people within twenty; the injuries of M. Coriolanus, and attempt against his own Country vot long after: the construction of many set laws, which continued in force to after ages: the Lex Agraria, Publia, de Aventino, Tarpeia, of the twelve tables, Clodia, Aemilia, de Ambitu, de Mulctis, etc. the Censors first created about 68 years after the Regifugium: the conspiracy of the Servants some 92. after: many victories in the interim, and Rome herself at last taken by the Galls, but freed by Camillus about the 120. Marcus Curtius casts himself into the pit to preserve his Country: more laws are made; the first Punic war waged, all within 120. and odd years after Rome was surprised: some 28. after that, the Bellum Ligusticum and janus Temple the second time shut: then the Bellum Illyricum, Gallicum Cisalpinum, and (the last of this age,) the second Punic war.  
(16) By this time Italy was subdued, and now she swept on with full sail, and confirmed strength: and about twenty after was able to resist the Macedonian, made war with Perses, set on to the third Punic war; wasted Carthage, and then Numantia: took Arms against jugurtha, all in less compass of years then one hundred: and about this time was the Eagle took up by Marius for the Roman ensign. Soon after was the Bellum Marsicum, and Mithridaticum: Catiline's conspiracy, and the noble acts of those great Heroes, Scylia and Cicero, Caesar and Pompey, and the rest, which removed the Greek Empire to Rome, and made her the seat of the fourth Monarchy about seven hundred and three years after the City was built, forty eight before Christ.  
(17) Hitherto (though with some change and curb) they continued the succession of Consuls, till julius Caesar returned from Spain with victory over Pompey's sons: and then the Senate, expressing more worship to him, than foresight of their own future mischief, invented new titles of singular honour, call him Pater patriae, Consul in Decennium, Dictator in perpetuum, Sacrosanctus and Imperator, all which himself made good, not in bare name only, as perhaps they meant, but in short space gathered a power equal to their flattery, and by his own strength kept, what was only theirs to give: till by Brutus and Cassius he was slain in the Senate, and then the rule fell for a short while to a Triumviratus, which began and ended with Octavius Caesar, Antonius and Lepidus. After ten years the whole Empire was left to Octavius, and his titles were Augustus Caesar, and Imperator: they continue to his successors to this day.  
(18) Rome as yet sinks not in her glory, but goes fairly on with full victory, till the Imperial seat was removed to Byzantium, and after divided into the East and West by Theodosius. Betwixt these whiles was a great part of the world still called in, to enlarge their Dominions, and ourselves among the rest, though with some difficulty, were forced to yield Britain a Province to Caesar, and the Roman Empire. For let us take her limits at their best advantage; and she was on the West bounded with the Atlantic Ocean; on the East with the River Tigris in Asia: on the North with Rhine and Danubius in Europe, and on the South with the mount Atlas in Africa: They contain these several Provinces, almost in order (of time) as they were subdued. Italy, parts of Africa, Spain, and Germany, Britain, Illiricum, Diburnia, Dalmatia, Achaia, Macedonia, and Dardania, Maesia, and Thracia, Pontus, Armenia minor, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Arabia, judaea, Cilicia, Syria, Egypt, Cantabria, Austria, Alps Maritimae, Rhetia, Norricum, Pannonia, Armenia maior, and the Lands round, so Ortelius marshals them.  
(19) We must omit for want of space many eminent turns of Fortune which Rome suffered in these interims, and take her now as at that time she was in her full height of honour; in compass fifty miles, seated on the River Tiber fifteen from the Sea: on her walls were raised 740. turrets, fit to receive provision on war for defence of the City in time of siege. Livy numbers her 37. gates, and her foundation was pitched upon seven hills: (1) Palatinus, which (as some say) gave the name to our King's Palaces. (2) Capitolinus, upon which was built the Capitol, delivered from the Galls by the gaggling of geese. (3) Viminalis. (4) Aventinus, from whence their condemned persons were cast into the River Tiber. (5) Esquilinus. (6) Caelius, where once stood the chief Council-house for the Senators. (7) Quirinalis. You may not expect here an exact description; take at large the speech of the Emperor Constantius, when with wonder he beheld the Campus Martius, the Sepulchre of Augustus, the Forum, Temples, Baths, theatres, the Arcus triumphales, Aquaducts, statenesse, and infinite other Monuments, he gave a brief epitome of her antique glory; that Nature had spent herself in the making up of that one City, as if we might not hope to see the like in after-ages: and true enough it is, that she could not long support herself in that state of honour, but (as a string stretched to the utmost) cracks on the sudden.  
(20) No sooner she was once divided, but she lay open as a prey to the Goths, Hunns, Vandals, Alani, Burgundians and Lombard's: all now left of the Empire, is almost a naked title, and that scarce heard of in Rome: for it hath it seat in Germany, and is conferred upon some Christian Prince by the suffrages of the seven Electors. The spiritual (1) Archbishop of Mentz, Chancellor of the Empire through all Germany. (2) Archbishop of Cullen, Chancellor of the Empire through Italy. (3) Archbishop of Triers, Chancellor of the Empire through all France. The Temporal (4) Count Palatine of Rhine, Arch-sewer to the Emperor. (5) Duke of Saxony, Lord Martial. (6) marquis of Brandenberge, Chief Chamberlain; and (7) in case of equality of voices among the other six, the King of Bohemia casts the Diadem into whose lap he pleaseth.  
(21) For the state of Rome as now it is, and what else concerns the Empire since the removal of the seat royal, I refer my Reader either to the descriptions of Italy and Germany, or at least to some other modern Authors, who have scope to write more at large: my intent here was briefly to set down the beginning, increase, top and limits of the ancient Romans government.   

¶ The Description of GERMANY.  
GERMANY is continued with Belgia, and lieth next Eastward in our course toward Asia. We shall find them ofttimes no otherwise distinguished, then by the terms of higher and lower, greater and lesser Germany. And indeed as this is the largest portion of the whol● Region, which is known by that name: so is it the largest Region of our whole quarter, which is known entirely by any one name.  
(2) As for her antiquity; it doth not only compare her to the rest of Europe: but compares Europe herself with any other part of the second world, which accounts her years but from Noah's Flood, or the confusion of Tongues. For this purpose we had before occasion, in our general Descriptions, to mention the original of the German Kingdoms: and that (as you may remember) was drawn by Chronologers from Tuisco (some say) the son of Noah, which lived soon after the world was repaired, and began his Empire about thirty years from the fall of Babel.  
(3) It appears sufficiently upon the record of received Historians, that in the time of their Idolatry, they worshipped one Thyst or Tuisco, as a God which sprang from the earth: and to this day, as I hear, there is a street about Cullen called Deutsch, and is thought as yet to retain a sound of the name of Tuisco: for there he is supposed to have kept his residency. Whether thus or no, I leave it to my Author's proof, and my Readers judgement to believe or reject as it shall seem best. All I can enforce is, that doubtless the Germans were an ancient people: and that they might challenge, had they no other testimony to show for it, than her very names of Tuiscia or Teutscke, Theuschland, Almania, and Teutonia, by which she was known, in several ages, long before the Romans gave her this last appellation of Germany.  
(4) Tuiscia, Teutsch or Theuschlant was received from her first King, and Almania from her second, the son of Tuisco, who (as their Story gives it with equal credit as it doth the rest) was likewise worshipped for a God, by the name of Mannus: The same account is rendered for Teutonia, from Teuto a Captain of the Germans: and their ninth from Tuisco. Under these they continued, till the Romans entry, after their Conquest over the Galls: for whose likeness to them both in feature, and colour, in goodly portraiture and carriage of their wars, they were from that time called Germany, as if brothers to the Gauls. Yet there are two, which compound the name of the Teutonike words Gar or Gerard, which signifieth all or wholly, and man, which retains with us its prime signification of Man: as if they were all men to the proof: or as others interpret, as if they were a mixed Nation of all sorts of men from several Countries.  
(5) But this last agrees not with the conjecture of some Geographers, that Germany hath not changed her Inhabitants since she was first possessed: quoniam non est verisimile (saith one) aliquos Asiâ, aut Africâ aut quidem Italiâ relicta Germaniam pettisse, terris informem, Coelo asperam, cultu tristem, aspectúque minimè nisi indigenis gratam. And this indeed differs not much from the report of Mela, Tacitus, & other ancient Writers. But the reason I hold not good: for howsoever it might be true in their times of some, and the most part perhaps of Germany (as it was then limited) that it was sylvis horrida, paludibus faeda, et fluviorum cursibus praepedita, montium anfractibus exasperata ob idque maximè invia: yet now she hath changed her hue, and by the help of good husbandry is become so fertile and pleasant: by the large additions to her Territories in these our after ages is grown so populous, that she vails not to France, Spain, or Italy itself, saith Quadus.  
(6) By her first Geographers she was limited on the West with the River Rhine, on the east with jetula, on the south with Danubius: each of these tracts have won upon their neighbouring Countries: and enlarged the compass of Germany to a double extent of what it was before: For on the West she passeth Rhine as far as picardy and Burgundy, parts of France. Eastward is the Germane tongue and Empire exercised over the Region of Prussia. Southward she reacheth beyond Danubius to the very Alps, which border upon Italy. Northward she hath ever kept her own, but hath been curbed indeed from seeking new Kingdoms, in that tract, by the main Ocean, which divides her in part from Swevia, Norway, etc. And to these limits we apply our Description. No marvel if it give her more honour, than she had in former times. For her compass now is reckoned to be 2600. English miles. Her ground fertile enough of itself: and yet besides enjoys the benefit of many Navigable Rivers, which enrich her with traffic from other Kingdoms.  
(7) Those of greatest fame are, (1) Danubius the largest of Europe, called by Pliny and others Ister. It takes in sixty Navigable Rivers; and is at last discharged by many passages into the Pontus Euxinus. (2) Rhine, which hath its rising from the Alps, and runs into the Germane Ocean. From thence have we our best Rhenish Wines: and upon his banks stands the City Strasburg. (3) Amasus Ems, which glides by Westphalia into the Germane Sea. (4) Maemu Megu, whose head is in the Mountains of Bohemia, and from thence passeth by Francfort into the Germane Sea. (5) Albis Elve, which riseth from eleven Fountains meeting into one, about the Sylva Hircinia. (6) Odeca, which hath not his passage immediately into the Sea, but into the River Albis. The middle mark of this Country is the Kingdom of Bohemia, encompassed with the Sylva Hircinia.  
(8) The chief Commodities of Germany are Corn, Wine, Salt, Metals of all sorts, Fruits good store, Saffron, etc. The Air wholesome, her Baths healthful, her Gardens pleasurable: her Cities fair, her Castles strong, and her Villages very many and well peopled.  
(9) The Inhabitants have put off their ancient rudeness, as the Country her barrenness. They are as goodly of person as ever, as stout as ever, and far more civil, then in the time of the Romans. It seems they were then esteemed but an ignorant and simple people: more able to fight then to manage a battle. They were ever hardy enough, but wanted Commanders of their own, of skill and judgement. Since they have had Commerce with other Nations: and have suffered the upbraid (as it were) of their Predecessors dulness: they have been (in a manner) shamed out of it, and are now become, rather by industry, than wit, a most ingenious people, and skilful in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew learning, famous beyond any others in Europe, unless Belgia, for the invention of many notable and useful Engines. The Gun and Gunpowder was first brought to light by one Bertholdus Swart a Franciscan, which hath almost put by the use of any other warlike Instrument, in those parts of the world, where the practice is perfectly understood. Generally the poorer sort are excellent Mechanikes, and the rest for the most part Scholars.  
(10) It bred Albertus Magnus, Appian, Gesuer, Munster, Luther, Vrsin, Zwinglius, Scultetus, junius, Keckerman, and many others in their several kinds and Religions: some Papists, some Lutherans, some Calvinists, and among the rest many jews.   map of Germany 
A. NEW MAPE OF GERMANY Newly Augmented by john Speed Ano. Dom: 1626.  
(12) The first which enjoyed the institution of Pope Gregory was Radulphus Nabs purgensis, 1273. after twelve years interregnum. The last before him, was our Richard Earl of Cornwall, and brother to Henry the third, King of England. Since it hath continued firm in this course of Election, howsoever not with that liberty as was intended. For commonly the Emperor in being, while he hath his power about him, and can (at least) entreat, if not command the Subjects of the Empire, promise a choice of the Rex Romanorum, who is no other than a successor designed to rule after his death, or resignation. And by this means it hath a long time continued in the house of Austria without any intermission.  
(13) Thus we see much plotting, great state, many ceremonies to the making up of an Emperor: and yet when it is well weighed, it is little better than a bare title. For howsoever these outward observances of the Germane Princes make show of an humble subjection to the Emperor: yet when it comes to trial, he hath very little to do● in their Governments: But each of them takes upon him as a free and absolute Commander in his own Country: permitteth or suppresseth the Religion, which he either likes or dislikes; makes and abrogates Laws at pleasure, stamps Coin, raiseth Soldiers, and sometimes against their great Master, as the Duke of Saxoni● against Charles the fifth, and at this day divers others in defence of the Prince Palatine. For of this quality and power there are many Dukes, Marquesses, Counts, etc. besides 64. Franc Cities, which make only some slight acknowledgement to the Emperor: appear perhaps at his Parliaments; and (they say) are bound to furnish him at need with 3842. hor●e (among them) and 16200. foot.  
(14) The chiefest Regions of Germany, best known to us, and noted by our Geographers with a more eminent Character than the rest, are these. (1) East Friz●land. (2) Westphalia. (3) Cullen. (4) Munster. (5) Triers. (6) Cleve. (7) Gulick. (8) Hassia. (9) Alsatia. (10) Helvetia. (11) Turingia. (12) Brunswick and Luneburg. (13) Franconia. (14) Palatinatus Rhine. (15) Wittenburg. (16) Ausper. (17) Bayden. (18) Mentz. (19) Bamberg. (20) Weirstberg. (21) Saxonia. (22) Anhalt. (23) Mansfield. (24) S●evia (25) Bavaria. (26) Brandeburg. (27) ●usatia. (28) Tirolum. (29) Misnia. (●0) Bohemia. (31) Silesia (32) Moravia. (33) ●omerania. (34) Mecklinburg. (35) Austria.  
(15) East-Frizeland is on the West side of Germany, and bounded with the North Sea. Her chief Town is Embden. (2) Westphalia is on the South of East Frizeland. It is most famous for Swine and excellent Bacon, which is esteemed with us, one of our greatest dainties to commend a feast. Part of it belongs to the three next Bishops, of Cullen, Munster, and Triers. (3) Cullen her Archbishop is an Elector. The chief Town was called Vbiopolis, afterward Agrippina, and lastly Cullen, from a Colony which was there planted by the French. It is a received tradition among the Inhabitants, that the bodies of the Wisemen, which came from the East to worship Christ are here interred. None almost, but hath heard of the three Kings of Cullen. (4) Munster. Her chief City is Munster, notable since the year 1533. at which time a company of brainsick Anabaptists named it jerusalem, and raised them a new Governor, by the title of the King of Zion. (5) Triers. Her Archbishop an Elector. Her chief City Triers, of great antiquity, founded by Trebeta the son of Ninius; and Bopport sacked by our Earl Richard, King of the Romans.  
(16) (6) Clivia or Cleave-land, a Dukedom of name. Her chief Cities are weasel, Emrick, and Cleve. Her Commodity the Tophus-stone, of which they make Cement. (7) juliacum, Gulick a Duchy. Her principal City is Aken or Aquisgranum, where the Emperor receives his Silver Crown for Germany; and doth great worship to a clout, which they take to be our Saviour's mantle, in which he was wrapped. (8) Hassia, a mountainous Country, but fruitful. Her Metropolis Marpurgum an University: and the chief place of her Landgrave is Cassels. It comprehends likewise the Countess of Nassaw and Hanaw (9) Alsatia. Her chief City is S●r●sburg, famous for a Clock of wonderful art and a Tower of five hundred seventy eight paces high. Other Towns here are of note, as B'ing, Worms, Confluence, and Andernach. (10) Helvetia, Switzerland on the East of France, and North of Italy. It contains thirteen Cantons. Zurich, Berne, Lucerne, Vraenia, Glavis, Zugh▪ Basell, Friburg, Vnderwalt, Solour, Shaffnansen, Ape●sol, and Suits. Her chief Cities are Zurike or Tigurum, whe●● Zwinglius was martyred: And Sengall or Civitas Sancti Galli, and basel, where a general Council was decreed to be above the Pope: in the year, one thousand four hundred thirty one.  
(17) Turingia. Her Prince a Landgrave. Her ground though not of large extent, not above twelve Germane miles either in length or breadth (saith Maginus,) yet it is very rich, it comprehends twelve Counties, as many Abbeys, a hundred forty four Cities, as many Towns, above two thousand Villages, two hundred and fifty Castles. Her Metropolis is Erford. (12) Brunswick on the East of Westphalia, a Dukedom: whose principal Cities are Brunswick, Halberstade, Wolsheiten, and Luneburgh, which gives title to another Dukedom, whose chief seat is Cella.  
(18) (13) Franconia. It lieth on the West of Turingia, and joins to Hassia Northward. The Inhabitants were converted to Christianity by Boniface. In this Province stands Franckefort, famous for her two Marts every year, and Noremberg; within the territories are comprehended the seven other which belong to this section. (14) The Palatine of Rhine, some seventy two miles from North to South, and from East to West ninety six. Her chief City is Heidelberge. Her Prince an Elector, and hath many more privileges than the other six. In the vacancy he is Governor of a great part of Germany. (15) Wirtenberge. The chief Towns are Tubing an University, Studgard, etc. (16) Auspech, a Marquisate. Her chief Town Auspech. (17) Baden, a Marquisate, pleasant and fruitful, betwixt the Rivers Rhine and Neccar. Her chief Cities are Turlach and Baden, in which there be Baths that cure many diseases. (18) Mentz▪ Moguntia, a Bishopric. The Prince is a Spiritual Elector, and sits always at the right hand of the Emperor. (19) Bamberg, a Bishopric of itself of large revenues. In this stand Fochia, where they say Pontius Pilate was borne. (20) Weirstberg. Her Bishop is entitled Duke of Franconia.  
(19) (21) Saxonic on the East of Hassia, and South of Br●nswick▪ and North of Turingia. In this Province was Luther borne at Isleben. Within her bounds are likewise comprehended these two other Principalities of Anhalt and Mansfield. (22) Anhalt, whose Governor with great courage and power bore Arms in defence of the Palatines right to the Kingdom of Bohemia. (23) Mansfield an Earldom, the more famous for the valiant acts of the present Count, who to this day wars upon the Emperor's party, in the behalf of the Illustrious Palatine, and his unparallelled Lady Elizabeth, Sister to his Royal Majesty of England.  
(20) (24) Swevia on the South of Franconia. It is a Country full of people, and those of goodly personage: great wit and valiant. In this Province is the head of Danubius, and runs through the middle of the Country. Her chief Towns are Vlme, Lindawe, and Auspurg, or Augusta Vindelicorum, Norlingen, etc. (25) Bavaria on the South of Bohemia and ●ranconia. There is both the upper and lower Bavaria. Of the first, the chief Cities are Muchen, Ingolstad●, Frising; and about thirty four Towns more equal to most Cities of the lower Bavaria: the principal are Ratisbone, Patavium, Pussan, Lanshutum, and Saltspurge. In this City lieth buried Paracelsus. (26) Brandeburge: on the East of Saxony, a Marquisate of five hundred and twenty miles in compass. It was heretofore inhabited by the Vandals. The Metropolis is Brandeburge, and Francfort ad Odicum: for so it is distinguished from the other Francfort in Franconia, and Berlium. Here are fifty five Cities, and sixty four Towns. (27) Lusatia, it looks Westward toward Saxony. The chief City is Gorlitzia. (28) Tyrolum, on the South of Bavaria, and East of Helvetia. Her chief cities are Oonipous, Inspruck, Brixen, Tridentum, Trent, where the General Council was held, one thousand five hundred forty six. (29) Misnia, on the East of Lusatia, a fruitful Region. Her chief Cities are Misnia, Drisden, Lipsia, a place of learning, and Torga: many Writers place this Province with Saxony.  
(21) (30) Bohemia, on the South of Saxony and Misnia, encompassed with the Sylva Hircinia, a fruitful and pleasant Country. It may deserve a particular description of itself: and therefore I will mention it here with no other solemnity, than I do the rest of Germany. Her Metropolis is Prage, which was taken by the Imperialists in this last quarrel, the King and Queen (being at that time) in the Church celebrating God's service, were forced suddenly to fly for their safety into Silesia. (31) Silesia Eastward from part of Bohemia: two hundred mile long, and eighty one broad, a fruitful Country: the people valiant. Her principal Cities are Breselare, and Neisse. (32) Moravia, on the East of Bohemia, and South of Silesia. Her chief Cities are Almusium, Olmutz, and Brin. (33) Pomerania. It is bounded on the East with Istula; on the North with the Baltic Ocean. Her Metropolis is Stetin. Others chief are Wolgast, Wallin, etc. On the West of this Region stands (34) Mecklinburg or Megalopolis, a place Provincial of itself, and hath Towns of note, Malchawe, Rostock, etc.  
(22) (35) Austria, an Archdukedome, it lieth upon Hungary, and is esteemed by the Germans the Eastern bound of the Empire. It was formerly called Pannonia superior. It is a rich Country. Her chief Cities are Vienna, famous for beauty, wealth, and learning: Emps, Sr. Leopald, etc. There are reckoned to this Region the Provinces of Styria, Carinthia, Carinola, and by some Tirolum.   

The Description of the Kingdom of Bohemia.  
IN our Description of Germany, we reckoned Bohemia but as a Province among the rest: and therefore she was mentioned there with no more solemnity, than the other parts were. We purpose here to declare it an entire Kingdom of itself: which besides her own compass (as she is most commonly limited by Geographers) hath under-subjects, Dukedoms and Marquisates, such as do her homage, and make her well worthy of a particular History, than we had before room for.  
(2) The ancient Inhabitant of these parts was the Bemorum magna gens, as Ptolemie calls it; and placeth it somewhat South, toward Danubius under Suna sylva. After them, the Boii, a people of Gallia Lugdunensis, which had been before conquered by Caesar (saith Quadus) and packed over the Alps to seek them a new seat in Italy. But when they found the Romans too hot for their abode there, they were forced to trudge farther, and to pass the River Rhine into Germany, as Strabo witnesseth, where they found them a fit place to lurk in, compassed with a large Wood called the Sylva Hercinia: and like enough they joined in with the Bemi, to make up the name of Bohemia. But neither here did they enjoy their peace long: for they were in time nessled out by a potent people of Swevia, called Marcomanni: and they again had the like measure from the Slavonians, a barbarous crew, which came in upon them, under the conduct of an exiled murderer of Croatia, one Zechius, about the year five hundred and fifty.  
(3) From that time there hath been no general expulsion● but the present Bohemians are the progeny of those Sclavonians, whose very language and customs are in use among them at this day. Doubtless it was at first a rude Commonwealth, that had no other Governors, but so ungoverned a multitude: for so they continued above an hundred years after Zechius. But when they had for a time endured the misery of such a confusion, they were content to agree upon some one for their Prince, that might rule them: and the first which they elected was Crocus, a man of great esteem among them for his wisdom and goodness.  
(4) Till the time of Vratislaus it had the title of a Dukedom only. He was the first King, and was created by Henry the fourth of Germany, anno one thousand eighty six. Yet after that again, for the succession of six Princes, it was governed by Dukes. For the second King was Vladislaus the third, crowned by Frederick the Emperor, in the year one thousand one hundred fifty nine: and the third, Primaslaus, Crowned by the Emperor Philip, one thousand one hundred ninety nine: after six other Dukes from his Predecessor Vladislaus the third. It hath been now long since fully settled into a Kingdom: and is the title of the right Noble Fredrick Count Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and husband to the illustrious Elizabeth, Daughter to our late Sovereign King JAMES. They were both Crowned at Prague in the year, one thousand six hundred and nineteen: but have been enforced ever since, to maintain their right by continual wars, against Ferdinand the second, who by virtue of an adoption, which declared him successor to Mathias, lays claim to the Crown of Bohemia. But the case was before decided in their third Vladislaus, who though as deeply interessed to the Kingdom, as Ferdinand could be: yet for that he had passed no legal election, according to their Customs and Privileges, he was deposed by the States, and Vldarilaus chose in his room.  
(5) There remains no great difficulty, concerning the name. It appears sufficiently, to proceed either from her first people, or first Prince, who (as some report) was one Boemus. And 'tis worth observing, that though this Land hath in sundry ages, been so often ransacked, and possessed by strangers, and Tyrants: yet in her name she constantly preserves the memory only of her first Natives, and hath not suffered that change, as we have done, from Albion to Britain, from Britain to England. And so indeed it is with almost all which have been equally subject to the like Invasions.  
(6) The situation of this Kingdom is almost in the midst of Germany, and is easily descried in our common Maps, by the Hircinian Forrest, held in the Romans time, to be nine day's journey in breadth, and in length at least forty. So Caesar in his sixth Com: It closeth Bohemia on every side, insomuch that (to show) they are not unlike an Amphitheatre, it is Maginus his comparison. The several parts of this Wood are known by divers names, which they take from the Country adjacent. The portion North West, is by Strabo called Gabreta Sylva, that South toward Danubius▪ Luna Sylva by Ptolemy, non Sylva Passarica: and so the rest. Without this wall of Bohemia (as Quadus calls it) her limits are on the West Franconia, on the North Lusatia, and Misnia: on the South Bavaria and Austria: on the East Moravia and Sile●ia. The figure of it is in a manner circular: and the diameter is esteemed three day's journey to a quick travailour. The circuit contains five hundred and fifty miles, of good ground, fertile and pleasant, enriched as well by her Rivers, as Land Commodities.  
(7) Her principal are (1) Albis Elve, which hath his rising in the Hercinian Wood, and the name from eleven Fountains, which meet in one, at the head of the River. For Elve or Elbe in the German tongue signifies eleven. It runs through a great part of the Country, and by the chief City Prague, and at last vents itself into the Germane Ocean. Of this Lucan thus: 
Fundat ab extremo flav●s Aquilone Suevos  
Albis & indomitum Rheni caput—  (2) Multaria Mulda. (3) Egra, which gives a name to a Town. (4) Sassava. (5) Gisera. (6) Missa. And (7) Vatto. They are received all into the River Albis, yield excellent Salmon, and plenty. (And if we will believe report,) there is ofttimes found in the sands, lumps of pure gold, which need no other refining, and very precious shells of great value.  
(8) It seems the water supplies that only defect which is to be found in their Land. For it is to be observed to be full with Mines of all sorts of Metals, Gold only excepted. Their Tin was found out by an Englishman of Cornwall, in the year, one thousand two hundred and forty; one belike which had been skilled in that work, in his own Country: for it is said, that at that time there was no Tin known elsewhere in Europe. The earth gives good Corn, and their pastures breed as good cattle. There is Wood good store, as there are Woods which harbour multitudes of wild Beasts, Foxes, Bears, Hearts, Bulls, and others: which afford them sport in the Hunting, and meat for the best man's Tables. Among the rest there is a wild Beast, which they call Lomis, armed by nature with a strange defence against the Hounds which follow her. For they s●y, she hath a kind of bladder, hanging under her jaws, which in the Hunting she fills with a scalding hot water, and casts it upon the Dogs, with that nimbleness, that they are not able to avoid or pursue her: but ofttimes have their very hair fall oft, as from a dressed Pig. The Country is generally rich in Saffron, and other Medicinal drugs: Wine it hath too, but not so kind or pleasing as in other places: in so much that the richer sort furnish themselves out of Austria, Hungary, and the Regions about, which they in lieu of it, supply with excellent Beer. For they are held very good at the art of brewing, and not behindhand at drinking when they have done. It is said (of the meaner sort I suppose) that if once they set to a Vessel of good liquor, they will not lose it till they have found it empty.   map of Bohemia 
BOHEMIA Newly described by john Speed Anno Dom: 1626.  
(10) For matter of learning, they have not been very famous heretofore: howbeit now, the better parts are not now behind with the other parts of Germany. The chief of note, were john Husso, and Hierome of Prague, two worthy members of the Church. They were condemned for Heretics in the Council of Constance, one thousand four hundred and foureteene, for attempting a reformation of such errors, as they held not agreeable with the word of God. But yet their sufferings could not dead the good seed, which they had sown in the true hearted. It lives still among them in some measure: though they have been often assayed by strange Impostures in Religion, such as the heart of man could not conceive, without a strong and extraordinary working of that great deceiver.  
(11) I cannot pass the most wicked cozenage of Picardus, who possessed great multitudes of these silly people, with an opinion, that he could recall them to that perfect state in which Adam was created: placed them in an Island for that purpose, which he called Paradise, caused them to walk naked, and named this Sect Adamites. Horrible sins were committed under that pretence, promiscuous whoredom and incest at their very Divine Service. It is feared that at this day, there are many secret professors, which live under ground, meet at their solemnities, have their prayers framed to their own humour: and when the Priest pronounceth the words of Genesis (as his custom is) Crescite, & multiplicamini, & replete terram, the lights are suddenly popped out, and without any respect had to alliance or kindred, or reverence to their exercise, they mingle like Beasts, and when they have acted their wickedness, and are returned to their seats, the Candles are again lighted, and they fall to their pretended prayers, as if there had been no harm done.  
(12) The King is one of the seven Electors of the Emperor: and in case the other six be equally divided, he gives the suffrage, which carrieth it. It is to be thought, that his power was conferred upon him not without great counsel, and good reason. For (besides that the place itself is by nature strong) the people too have a special inbred love to Germany, and defence of her liberties. At Coronation he is Cupbearer, and performs it himself in person if he be present. His revenues are cast up to be three millions of Crowns, which are not gathered all within the compass here limited, but part out of other Principalities, which are annexed to this Kingdom. For there are four Regions, which make up his Title, and are subject to his government: (1) Bohemia itself, as we have described it. (2) Lusatia. (3) Silesia. (4) Moravia. They were named in the Map of Germany, as being parts of the whole Country, but will admit here a more particular tract, as belonging properly to this Kingdom.  
(13) First then for Bohemia itself, it contains about thirty Cities, which are immediate subjects to the King, (as Quadus calls them) besides many others, which are held in possession of the chief Princes, Primates, Barons, Counts, and Nobles of the Country. The Metropolis is Prague, heretofore known by the names of Bubienum and Marobudum, saith Maginus; but rather I think (by the situation) it should be the same which Ptolemy calls Casurgis. It was composed with a wall, by Primaslaus their third King; and received the name of Prague, by the wife Lubussa a Limine, which they say is called Prague in the Bohemian language. It is indeed a very stately City, seated in the middle of the Country on the River Multaria, and compared by some to Florence. It consists of three Cities which are called the old Town, the new Town, and the little Town. The old Town is the chief, and is adorned with many illustrious buildings. The new Town is divided from the old, by a large ditch: and the little Town stands on the other side of the River Mulda, but is joined to the old Town, by a stone-bridge of twenty-foure Arches. It was made an Archbishops See, by Charles the Emperor and King of Bohemia, was once the chief University: but that now is removed to Lipsia, in the Province of Misnia. It is the Regal seat of Bohemia: and here was the King and Queen when it was taken by the Imperialists.  
(14) The other Cities of this Region which are worth the noting, are (2) Egra. It stands upon the River, from whence it bears the name: before it was called by Ptolemy, Monosgada, on the West end of Sylva Gabreta, that part of the Hercinia which portends toward Franconia. It was a City Imperial, till the right was sold by Lodovicus Bavares to john King of Bohemia. It is a very strong City, fortified as well by Nature as Art, for the most part is built upon a Rock. It is in compass two miles within the walls, and with the Suburbs three. Not far from it, there is a fountain of a kind of sharp water, which the Inhabitants drink in stead of Beer. (3) Krems toward Austria, on the North side of Danubius. (4) Pilsen on the West of Bohemia, a City which long held out against General Tilly, by the defence of the now Count Mansfield, but was at last betrayed by some of his Captains. (5) Launum, Northwest from Pilsen, noted for the most fruitful place in the whole Region.  
(15) Now the out-Provinces, which are part of the K●ngdome, though not of Bohemia, are first Lusatia: It lieth betwixt the Rivers Albis and Odera, and the Mountains of Bohemia. On the West it hath Saxony. On the North and East Brandeburg. On the South Silesia. It is divided into the higher and lower Lusatia, and is watered with the River Nisse. It is indeed part of Saxony, though under rule to the King of Bohemia. For both this and Silesia was given to Vratislaus by the Emperor Henry the fourth. It is a very fruitful Country, in most kind of grain: and the Inhabitants though employed much in husbandry, yet are they a warlike people, as most of Germany, and so they have been tried, by the Duke of Saxony, and others of the Emperor's party: though they have been by number and main strength overborne. The first that was surprised was Bantsen: but the Metropolis is Gorlitzia, next Zittan, etc. No soil nor customs differ much from the next Province.  
(16) Silesia on the West hath part of Bohemia upon the North Lusatia, and part of Poland, upon the South Moravia, and upon the East Polonia. At the beginning, it was part of the Hercinian Forrest. It is watered with the River Odera, and from hence took her name, as Conradus Celtus delivers it, Lib. Amorum 2. Eleg. 5. 
Hic Odera (à priscis qui nomina Suevus habebat)  
Nascitur, & Godani praecipitatur aquis.  
Su●vus qui Slesum socium sibi convocat amneru:  
A quo nunc nomen Slesia terra gerit.  But joannes Crato, a Silesian, rather thinks that the name came from the Quadi, a people that heretofore inhabited these parts: and rather, for that the very Quady in the Sclavonian tongue, signifieth the same which Silesium did in the Saxon and old Germane. That they did possess this Province is agreed upon by most: but where they were before seated Geographers somewhat differ. Ptolemy placeth them by the Hercinian under Lunasylva: and others not far off. It was the people which (in their war with Mareus Antonius the Emperor,) were scattered with thunder and lightning, obtained by the prayers of the Christian Legion. For when the Roman was driven to such strait, that he could foresee no help which might come from man: he put himself upon their prayers to God for his deliverance. A strange hope that could believe in their faith, and yet not in that God, in whom they believed. But the Almighty was pleased to sh●w his power, and force the very heathen to honour his people. For here ended the fourth Persecution, 174. and the Christian Legion was surnamed the Thunderer.  
(17) The air here is somewhat cold, but mild: and the Land fertile. The Inhabitants good husbandmen to make the best. They have a kind of forced Wine, which the meaner sort drink freely. The richer have it sent from those neighbouring Provinces, which are better stored. The chief City is Perslaw or Vratislavia, which takes name from her Founder Vratislaus, and in honour of him gives the letter W. in her Arms. About the seat of this City Ptolemy placeth Budorgis; in so much that some think, this was raised out of her ruive. Not far off, there is yet to be seen, the remainders of stately old buildings, which are supposed to have been the houses of the ancient Quadi. In the year 1341. it was ruined by fire: but built again with stone, and it is now one of the stateliest Cities of Germany, for elegant buildings and fair streets. It is an Archbishops See, and an Academy. The rest are Neissa Nissa a Bishops See, and a fair Town, Glats, Oppolen, Olderberg, Glogm●r, etc. Maginus numbers 15. Dukedoms in Silesia, whereof six remain in their ancient families: the rest for want of heirs are fallen to the King of Bohemia. But the two chief of name are Ligintz, and Swevitz. The first is immediately the Kings: Swevitz too is under his government, but yet hath a Duke of its own, which is honoured with the title and revenues.  
(18) Moravia is bounded on the North and East with Silesia: on the West with Brandeburg, on the South with Austria & Hungary. It was heretofore called Marcomannia, received the latter name from the River Moravia, which runs through the Country. It yields plenty of Corn, Wine, Fish, and People, which use a kind of confused mixed language of Sclavonicke, Bohemicke, and Teutonicke. In ploughing up their grounds there hath been oftentimes found a certain Coin of the Roman Emperors Marcus Antonius, with this Inscription de Marcomannis; which the Inhabitants interpret to be of the Spoils which the Roman took from the Marcomanni, who inhabited this Region. For certain it is, that this people were vanquished by Marcus Antonius, as appears in their Historians.  
The people were converted to Christianity by Methodius: Their chief City is Olmuzium Olmutz, an University, Brin, etc. It is reported by Dubrarius, that in Gradisco, a part of this Province, there groweth a kind of Myrrh and Frankincense out of the ground, which in likeness resemble the hidden parts both of man and woman. It was first added to the King and Kingdom of Behemia by Sigismond the Emperor, in the reign of Albertus.   

The Description of FRANCE.  
NO people but are ambitious to win upon Antiquity as far as their Line will reach. Among others the French are great pretenders to that Title, and fetch their original from Mesech the sixth son of japheth, not above an hundred and fifty years after the Ark rested. But this passeth not for currant truth among her own Historians; and therefore is not the plea, which gives France here the second place in my division of Europe. I observe rather her situation, which ranks her next to Spain Eastward: and that was the course proposed in my General Description.  
(2) As for her Inhabitants, the first certainly, which we can make good, were the Gauls: A people of whose beginning, we can give no unquestionable account: yet this of them is most sure, they were a Nation of Noted valour above four hundred years before Christ: It is now full two thousand and twelve since they sacked Rome, and took the Capitol. In the memory of that great Action we may claim a part. For first were themselves Conquered by the two noble British spirits, Brennius and Belinus Kings of England: and after led on by them (if we may trust the story) unto those glorious adventures, which have to this day continued their fame almost above any other Nation. Let the proof rest upon my Author. This saith Matha●● Westmonasteriensis out of the Roman History.  
(3) Trecenta millia Gallorum ad sedes novas quaerendas prof●cti ducibus Belino & Brennio Romam invaserunt, ibique din morati sunt. Sed mille libras auri praemium discessionis à Romanis susci' pientes, mox diversis agminibus alii Graeciam, alii Macedoniam, alii Thraciam petiverunt, & sua prole velut quodam examine totam Asiam replêrunt. Tantus inde terror Gallici nominis & armorum, invictaque foelicitas erat in illis diebus ut reges Orientis sine mercenario corum exercitu ulla bella gerere non praesumerent, neque pulsi à regno ad alios quam ad Gallos confugerent. Non enim aliter Majestatem suam tutari, neque amissam recuperare se posse nisi Gallicâ virtute arbitrabantur. Itaque in auxilium regis Bithyniae vocati, regnum cum eo peractâ victoriâ diviserunt, camque regionem Gallo Graciam cognominaverunt, which we now call Galatia. And thus for a time their victories carried all before them: yet at last they had their turn too of ill fortune: were expulsed Rome by Camillus, fared as their neighbours did, and became tributary to the Empire.  
(4) Then did the name of Gallia comprehend a large portion on Europe, besides that which we now call France: and was divided by the ancient in Cisalpinam: which indeed was a part of Italy, that which we now call Lombardy: and Transalpinam, which Pliny calls Comata, from the curled hair of the Inhabitants, and Ptolemy Celto Gallatiam, as the greeks gave it. Nor yet was this equal to the name of France, but was again divided by Caesar in his Commentaries. (1) in Belgicam, which for the most part belongs to Germany. (2) Celticam, and (3) Aquitaniam. After him Ptolemy gives a third division into four parts. (1) Aquitaniam, (2) Lugdunensem the same with Caesar's Celtica, (3) Narbonensem, or Braccatam, and (4) Belgicam.  
(5) We must here pass by the outreaches of Belgia and the rest, and confine our tract to those parts which are now governed by one King. And though it retain still the antique appellation, which the Inhabitants received from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, for their beauty and white colour; yet is it best and most properly known by the name of France, from the Franci or Francones, a people of Germany that overran these parts, and subdued most of them to themselves.  
(6) Now the limits of this new Gallia or France are Westward the Pyrenaean Mountains, which divide her from Spain, and run cross the Isthmus, that joins both the Kingdoms. They were very famous for rich Mines: in so much that being once fired by Shepherds, the Gold and Silver run streaming down into the lower Countries, called up the Inhabitants to prey; and was the first occasion of a foreign entry upon those parts. Eastward it lieth upon Germany. Southeast it is severed with the Alps from Italy. Northward it is bounded with our English Seas; and Southward with the Mediterranean. Her chief Rivers reckoned by Maginus are (1) Garumna Garrone the greatest. (2) Ligeris Lo●re the sweetest. (3) Sequana or Seyne the richest. (4) Rhodanus Rosne the swiftest: to these we may add, (5) Some upon which standeth Amicus.  
(7) Her air is healthful, and her grounds fertile; abounds almost with all commodities that may make her one of the happiest Regions in Christendom, yet her greatest plenty is of Corn, Wine, and Salt, which she distributes among her neighbouring Nations: and enricheth herself with such Commodities from them as are not so fully afforded within her own limits. The women too partake of their Country's fruitfulness: In so much that as the earth is scarce able to bear her plenty: so her plenty could hardly sustain her people, had she not a vent for them into Spain, Italy, Germany, England, and other Countries: And yet were there long since reckoned Habitatores supra quindecim milliones, inter quos octodecim millia nobilium, by Maginus.  
(8) In so great a multitude we must look to find as much variety of Customs and Dispositions. It was the report of Caesar long since, and seconded by a late Authentic Author, Gallicas' gentes linguâ, legibus, & institutis inter se differre: multa tamen multis esse communia. For the most part they are of a fiery spirit for the first onset in any action, but will soon flag. They desire change of Fortunes: and pass not greatly whether to better or worse. Their women very jocund, of a voluble tongue, and as free of their speech, complemental to strangers, and win more by their wit then their beauty: one and tother are great enticers of men's affections; and they enjoy them as freely and securely, without either check of conscience or care of report. It is esteemed Vitium gentile: and indeed they can hardly hear ill for it from any there, which is not equally guilty. Very factious not only in carriage of public affairs, but in their private families, which proceeds for the most part from a self-conceit of their own wit and wealth: and those will hardly admit a Superior. Their Nobility have been reported to be liberal: but I suppose that fashion is now worn out: Myself have specially noted the contrary in divers, which respect their purse more than their honour, and let pass the service and deserts of worthy persons unrewarded, as if their gracious acceptance were a sufficient return of thanks for any office a man can do them. They are practised to this garb by their pessantry, whom they reckon but as slaves, and command as their proper servants, which the poor snakes take as a favour, and are glad to be employed by their betters, that by their protection they may stand more free from the injury of their equals. For the meanest of them are cruel, and affect to oppress their adversary, either by open violence or suit in Law, though to their own ruin. They are very ready to take Arms, and serve in the defence of King and Country: need no more press then the stroke of a Drum: but are as rash in their achievements. They will not wait upon Council, but run as far on, as upon their strength they may, and when they find that fails, they will as soon give ground.  
(9) It hath had heretofore (and yet breeds) men of great esteem for Learning & Religion. St. Bernard, Calvin, Beza, and Ramus were French, and many others, both of the Romish and reform Churches. For as yet the people stand divided betwixt both, but not equally. The Papists are like to continue the stronger hand, as long as their holy Father shall make murder a meritorious act. For by their several Massacres they have destroyed many Assemblies of the Hugonites as they call them. The greatest I think that was ever practised by such as had entertained the name of Christians, was at Paris in the year: 57●. when above thirty thousand souls suffered Martyrdom, and among the rest, some personages of great worth and note.  
(10) It is subject to a Monarchical government, wielded by one sole and absolute King, which bears the title of the Christian King of France: his eldest son the Dolphin of France: by their Salic Law, no woman or heirs may inherit: how justly I may not determine. But yet the English have good reason to examine the Equity. For it cost our Edward the Third his Crown of France, to which he was heir in general by marriage of a Daughter. But the truth is, we have been ever easy, to part with our hold there, or at least forced to forgo it by our civil dissensions at home, else after all those glorious Victories of our Predecessors, we might have had some power more to show there as well as title.   map of France 
FRANCE revised and augmented. the attires of the French and situations of their chiefest cities observed by john. Speede. Are to be sold in Pops: head alley by Geo●Humble Ano. 1626. THE SCALE OF MILLES  
(12) Aquitania lieth on the West of France, close upon the Pyrenaean Mountains and Contunies. (1) Another part of Biscay mentioned in the Map of Spain, and indeed differeth from that but very little (2) Gascoigne and Guien. The first to this day keeps its name (with a very little change) from the Spanish Vascones. The chief City is Burdigala, or Bordeaux, a Parliamentary and archiepiscopal seat and University of good esteem, was honoured with the birth of our Richard the second. Another City of note is Tholouse, a seat Parliamentary, and supposed to be as ancient as the Rule of Deborah in Israel. This Gascoigne contains in the Earldoms of Forie, Comminges, Armeniaci, and the Dutch Albert. (3) Pictaria Poictu on the North of Guien, a pleasant Region, and a plentiful. It contains three Bishoprics; Poitiers, Lucon, and Mailazai. Her chief Cities are Poitiers, an ancient, and the largest next Paris in all France, Castrum Heraldi once the title of the Scotch Earls of Hamildon. In this Province was fought the great Battle betwixt our Black Prince and john of France, where with eight thousand, he vanquished forty thousand: taken the King Prisoner and his son Philip, 70. Earls, 50. Barons, and 12000. Gentlemen (4) Sonictonia, severed from Poitiers, but by the River Canentell, and so differs but little from her fertility. Her Metropolis Saints. Her other chief, Bourg, Blay, Marennes, Saint john D'angely, and Anglosme. Betwixt this Country & Poitiers stands Rochel, a place the best fortified both by nature and art of any in Europe. And is at this time possessed by those of the Reformed Religion: where they stand upon their guard, and defend their freedom of conscience against the Roman Catholics of France. (5) Limosin, in limo sita, (saith some) Maginus takes it from Liwoges her chief City toward the North: which revolted, & was recovered by our Black Prince. Her other Towns of note are Tulles and Vxerca, and Chaluz, where our Richard the first was shot. It hath been by turns possessed by French and English, till Charles' the Seventh. Since we have had little hold there. (6) Berry, regio Biturigum from her chief City Bituris, now Burges, an archiepiscopal See and University. It is exceedingly stored with sheep, and sufficiently well with other Merchandise of value. (7) Burbone, from her chief City Burbone (heretofore Boya) a Dukedom and much frequented by Princes and the Nobility of France, by reason of her healthful air and commodious Baths. (8) Tureine the Garden of France. Her chief Cities Bloys, Amboys, Trurs, and a little higher upon the Loire stand Orleans.  
(13) Lugdunensis or Celtica lieth betwixt the Rivers Loire and Seyne, and takes the name from Lugdunum or Lions her chief City. This Province comprehends (1) Brittany, heretofore Armorica, till subdued by Maximinus' King of England about the year 367. since it hath had the name of Brittany, and for distinction from this of ours, it is commonly styled Minor Britannia. There is yet remaining a smatch of the Welsh tongue, which it seems the Invaders had so great a desire to settle in those parts as a trophy of their Conquests, that when they first mingled in marriage with the Inhabitants, they cut out their wife's tongues, as many as were Natives, that no sound of French might be heard among their Children. It hath few Rivers, but that defect is (in some measure) made up by their neighbourhood of the Sea, in so much, that the Country is reckoned one of the most fertile in all France, for Corn, Wine, and Wood It breeds good Horses, and special Dogs, Iron, Lead, etc. Her chief Cities are Nants, Rhein's, St. Brenie, and Rohan. It is divided into Britanniam inferiorem, the base or lower Brittany, Westward & nearest England, and Superiorem toward the Loire Eastward. Her chief ports are St. Malo and Breast. (2) Normandy, a part of the Region which was heretofore called Newstria and took the name it hath from the Norwegians. Their first Duke was Rollo, and the sixth from him our William the Conqueror. It was lost from his Successors in the time of King john. Her chief Cities are Rhothomagus or Rhoan the Metropolis, Constance, and Cane, memorable for the siege of our English H. the fifth: And Verveile, besieged by Philip the second of France, in the time of our Richard the first: which when the King heard as he sat in his Palace at Westminster (it is said) he swore he would never turn his back to France, till he had his revenge: and to make good his oath, broke through the walls, and justly performed his threat upon the besieger. Her principal parts are Harflew: the first which King Henry the fifth of England assaulted; and New Haven given up by the Prince of Conde to Queen Elizabeth as a Pledge for such Forces as she would supply him with to maintain Wars with the King in defence of Religion. And Deep, etc. (3) Anjove regio Andegavensis, a fertile Country, and yields the best Wine of France, excellent Marble, and other fair stone for buildings. Her chief City is Anjers, which Ortelius takes to be Ptolemy's juliomagum. It is now an University. To this Dukedom there are four Earldoms which owe a kind of homage. Many, Vandosme, Beufort and Laval. (4) Francia which gives name to the whole Kingdom, and received it herself from the German Francones, which before inhabited the great Forest called Sylva Hircynia. Her chief City▪ and the glory of France is Paris or Lutetia avasi in lu●o sita in compass twelve miles, is reckoned the first Academy of Eu●rope, consists of fiftie-five Colleges. And here was Henry the sixth Crowned King of France and England. In this Province stands St. Vincents, where Henry the fifth died: and S●isons and the Dukedom of Valois, etc. (5) Campaigne and Brye partners in the title of Earldom, it is severed from Picardy only with the River. A fertile Country, and hath many eminent Cities. The principal is Rheimes, where the Kings most commonly are Crowned, and anointed with an Oil sent (they say) from Heaven, which (as oft as it hath been used) never decreaseth. It is the Seat of an Archbishop and University of ●ote, especially with our English Roman-Catholiques, who have a College there appointed for their fugitives. And others of note are Troy's, and Brye, and Auxerre, and Sans, and Arch-bi●shops See, etc. (6) Burgundis, both the Duchy and County. The Duchy or Burgundia inferior, and Western lieth on the South of higher Germany. Her principal places are Digion, Saint Bernard's birth-Towne, Antun, Beal●e, Sologue, and Aliza once the famous City of Alexia. The County of Burgundy or Burgundia superior, yields not to the choicest Garden in France for fertility of soil, not to the most renowned for stoutness of the Inhabitants. They acknowledge not as yet the French Command, no more than Savoy and Lorraine. They were under divers Generals, and are called Walloons, corruptly for Galleus, a trick of the Dutch. Her principal Cities are Besauson the Metropolis of both Burgundy's, Salives, Arboys, Grace, and Dola. (7) Lugdunense Territorium, Lione an illustrious City. The Centre of Europe: I mean where Merchants meet for traffic from all quarters. And these Provinces belong either wholly, or at least in part to Gallia Lugdunensis. For indeed some lie divided, and stretch into their neighbour's Territories, as Campania into Belgica, and this last Lugdunense is in part under the Government of Savoy.  
(14) Narbonensis Gallia on the West hath the Comitatus Armenaici and Comminges, Eastward part of the Alps, Northward the Mountain Comenus, and Southward the French Seas. It is generally a fruitful Country, not inferior in the esteem of Pliny to Italy itself: it comprehends the Provinces, (1) of Languedoc, supposed from Languegotia, language of the Goths. It reacheth from the bounds of Armenia and Comminges to the Mediterranean: Her chief Cities are Narbon, from whence this whole Region receives her appellation, and is reckoned the first Roman Province in Europe, and Mons pessulame, Mont-Pelleine, an University most famous for the study of Physic. Nimes where there is at this day many relics of Antiquities, and Pons Sancti Siritus, etc. (2) Provence Provincia, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, divided from Languedoc by the River Rhodanus Rhohan. It belongs part to the Crown of France, part to the Pope, and a third to the Prince of Orange. In the King's portion are Air, a Parliamentary City, Arles, and Marfilia, the last built in the time of the Roman Tarquin. To the Bishop of Rome belongs, Avenian, a City and Arch-Bishops See, with the whole Comitatus venissimus. To the Prince of Orange the chief City Aurangia, or Orange on the river Mien Estrang, Boys de St. Poll. etc. (3) Dauphin on the North of Province, Regio All●brogum, and is divided in Delphinatum superiorem & inferiorem; The first contains in it Embrum, where Agaric & Mama is plentifully gathered, & Valentia, etc. The latter Grinnoble vienna, Dauphin, Romans. (4) Savoy Sabadia on the East of Dauphin, a Dukedom, within whose limits stands the well known City Geneva, which entertains people from all Countries of any Religion: But yet enforceth a law upon fugitives, not common elsewhere: For whatsoever Malefactor is there apprehended for mischief done in his own Country: suffers as if he had been there condemned. The principal Cities besides are Tarantise, Bele, Moustire, Maurience, etc. To this Dukedom belong Cambrey on the West side of the Alps, and the Country of Bresse, whose heir is entitled Prince of Pi●mount, a part of Italy at the very East foot of the mountains, which sever her from this Country.  
(15) Gallia Belgica the last is the Eastern tract toward Germany, and as much as belongs to this Kingdom contains only Picardy, which is divided into the higher and lower. The first portends towards the British Seas, and here stands cales distant but thirty miles from Dover: It is that which Caesar called Portus Iccius, won from the French by our Edward the third, lost by Queen Mary: upon her Confines toward England is the Country of Bononia, and Cuinnes, which contain sundry towns and villages. The chief Boulogne, Conquered by our Henry the eight, but delivered back in the reign of Edward the sixth. In this Picardy stans Terwin, besieged by King Henry in person, where the Emperor Maximilian served under his Colours, and receved pay as his Soldiers. In the lower Picardy stands Ambianum Ameins the Metropolis: Here are the Duchy of Terache, whose chief City is Guisa which gave name to the family of the Guises: and the Country of Vermeudois, where Saint Quintin stands, Retelois and Retelher metropolis; Arteleis and Laferre here's, Pontheine and Abberille.  
(16) The Lands which are reckoned properly French, are only those which lie near in the Atlantic Ocean. They are but few and of no great account. The principal Dame de B●vin. L●●le Dieu, Marmotier, Insula Regis.   

¶ The Description of BELGIA.  
IN this we continue still the Description of Belgia, begun in the Map of France. For the title is common as well to these Territories as indeed to all the North-east Tracts of the old Gallia. The portion hereditary to the French King, was marked out among the rest of his Dominions. The residue (since it hath been by length of time, chance of war, or at least chance of Fortune, dispersed into the power of several Princes) is better known to us by the familiar names of the Low-Countries, than Netherlands, Flanders, etc.  
(2) In the search of her Original, we may have reference to our precedent Discourse. For questionless it was possessed by the Gauls, as the other parts were: and (if trust may be given to those antique Stories, whose truth is almost worn out with age) she reacheth her Pedigree as high as any, and likely enough did partake in the spoils of Rome, when the Capitol was ransacked by the Gauls, under the conduct of our two English Brothers. For her chief Captain Belgius, whose memory she preserves to this day in her name, is mentioned by Quadus and others, as Companion to Brennius in his expedition toward Macedonia after they were entreated from Rome.  
(3) In the first times they were a stout people, and practised to continual wars by the bordering Germans, which made them as well expert as hardy. It seems Caesar found them so in his trial: for he gives them (in his Commentaries) the honour of a valiant Nation above any other part of Gallia. Yet at last he brought them under, and in time they were expulsed by the Germans, who for their nearest speech and customs are supposed, and justly too, the Predecessors to the now Inhabitants.  
(4) For her first name I find no other likely account given, then from a City built by their Belgius in the Province of Hannonia, where now stands Bavaris. The rest, Germania inferior, the Low-countries and Netherlands require no long search: for without doubt they have little other ground, than her low situation upon the Seas: and indeed it is such as hath ofttimes endangered her by inundations, and sunk many hundreds of their Towns and Villages, which to this day in some places show their tops above water at a dead low ebb. Lastly, Flanders, though but a single Province in this Belgia, yet of that esteem, as the whole Country bears her name, and may indeed well enough upon the same reason as she took it up. For (as the most will) it had its Etymon à flatibus fluctibúsque quibus tota haec obnoxia est regio.  
(5) For on the North it is bounded with a part of the great Sea, and on the West with the main Ocean: On the East with the Rivers, Rhine and Mosa, and on the South with Loraigne, Campaigne, and Picardy, parts of the Kingdom of France. It is accounted to be in circuit 1000 Italian miles: no Country abounds more with Lakes, Pools, and Rivers of great note. The principal are Rhine, Mosa, and Scaldis, 16. others are specially named by Maginus: and more intimated, which afford them great store of fish, as well for their own use, as supply for traffic to other Nations.  
(6) Yet by reason of her watery situation, it must needs be that the air is exceeding moist, and therefore unwholesome: but not so as heretofore. For the multitude of Inhabitants, and those wonderfully industrious, have laboured out many of her marshes, and drawn their Pools into running channels, and by this means fewer vapours arise, in so much that now the Natives at last may very well agree with the temper, which (as Maginus gives it) incolarum sanitati nec non digestioni conducit. Their Summer is pleasant, not extreme hot, nor abounds it with such troublesome flies and gnats as ours doth. There is seldom any thunder heard, or lightning seen, or earthquake felt. The reason is the same for all. The Winter is not altogether so tolerable: but brings with it bleak winds, and much rain. Yet betwixt both, the Country is moderately fertile, yields Corn and fruit in some places more, and in some less: very few Grapes, and those make but a hard Wine: no store of Mines: and yet they are as rich as those which have.  
(7) For the people are very thrifty, painful, and ingenious in the invention of many pretty things, which draw many other Nations to them for Traffic: and they lie as sit for it, having free access by Sea to and from all the chief parts, as of Europe, so also Asia, Africa, and America, and are as skilful to trace the Seas at pleasure. The have the name for the first Authors of the Compass, Clock, and Printing. They are excellent Artificers, for working of pictures in glass, for laying colours in Oil, for Tapestry and other hangings: in brief, for any Economical commodity either for use or ornament: and in their own private Families excel any other people. The men are of a goodly presence: of a cold, or at least no choleric temper. They neither love nor hate any extremely; but will soon forget both a good turn, and (they say) an injury. They are not very open, or easy of belief, not apt to be deceived. Not very proud, nor exceeding base. Not much given to Venus, but more to Bacchus especially, when he presents himself upon an English Beere-Barrell. For they will hardly make a bargain before they be well whetted. This is their common Character, but for the best part of it we have found it far other, as in their commerce with us in the East Indies we have found, whereby their extreme dealings with our Nation, they have made known their unthankfulness for the many benefits our English hath showed them. But I return to their better qualities. Their women are fair, somewhat bold and free in their carriage, but yet sober and honest: excellent housewives, and in some places traffic abroad, while their men play the Cotqueans at home.  
(8) As in their other business, so in their studies they are very laborious, and indeed trouble the world with writing more than they have thanks for: as if they had a right, (since they were the inventors of the Press) to use it at pleasure: for so they do. And send forth every common exercise performed by their boys, towards a degree, with a clutter of tedious Anagrams prefixed. But yet it hath heretofore bred many excellent men in their faculties. justus Lipsius, Erasmus, Rodulphus Agricola, Ortelius, Mercator. And at this day how many others, good members of the Reformed Church, within compass of the State's government? The rest which are under the Archduke must appear Roman Catholics. In divers parts of Belgia, the Christian Religion was planted by Wilbrod an English man.  
(9) The last quality required in a Nation of esteem (as they are) is valour. And indeed I may well place it last. For so it grew upon them: since the long war, which they have had w●th the Arch duke. Before they lived for the most part in peace; and as they had but little use of Chivalry, so they had as little heart to it: but were counted a heavy dull people. To say truth, they have hardly yet recovered that censure: for in the managing of their Land-fights especially, they are content enough to give way to other Nations, and will hardly second them in any dangerous attempt. The English have both acted and suffered their parts, in the behalf of the Low-Countries: and that (me thinks) might have been remembered in the midst of their tyrannical usage of our Merchants.  
(10) These Netherlands toward our latter times were divided into 17. Provinces, whereof the most part had several Rites and Governors, four Dukedoms, seven Earldoms, five Baronies, and one Marquiship. But by the mixed marriages of the heirs to the sundry Titles, the whole at last fell upon one, was made an entire Government, and known by the name of the Dukedom of Burgundy. Yet still doth each Province retain her proper Laws, liberty of Religion, and other Customs, which their Rulers in succession were sworn to maintain for their parts: and the people again for their security, had this main prerogative left them from the beginning: that if their Prince should at any time attempt the contrary, they might after Declaration proceed to the choice of a new Governor. These Conditions confirmed, it continued for a while peacefully, and by marriage with Mary Heir and last of the house of Burgundy, it fell to Maximilian of Austria, Emperor of the Germans. And his Successor Philip matching in the like sort with joan heir to the Kingdom of Spain, joined both together in his eldest son Charles the fifth, who by the Mother was entitled to Spain, and by his Father to Burgundy or Netherlands, as for Austria it passed to another brother. Thus came it subject to the King of Spain. And while yet the Emperor enjoyed it, they felt no misery of civil wars among themselves. When he left it, he commanded this charge withal to his son Philip the second, that he should entreat the Low-Countries well. But this he either forgot or neglected: and taking it in foul scorn to be so kerbed by the conditions of his Predecessors, began first with a pretence to Religion, and at last embroiled them in a bloody war, which hath found no end to this hour: and caused them to cast oft the Spanish clog, which they did in the year 1581. and declared by their public Writings, that Philip the second King of Spain, had forfeited his government of the Low-Countries by breach of his faith. And withal they bound their people by a new oath never to return their obedience: which they yet make good against the Arch-Dutchesse, who by kindred to the Spanish King, and marriage to the Archduke is at this time interest in the government, and therefore in the quarrel.   map of Low Germany 
A NEW MAPE OF THE XVII PROVINCES OF LOW GERMANY, mended a new in many places. Anno 1626.  
(12) We begin with the Dukedom's entailed to the Spanish faction: and for the easier finding their situation, we will take them as they lie from West to East: And in this order is (1) Lutzenburg; It stands betwixt the River Mosa on the West, and the Forest of Ardenna East: on the South it joins upon a part of France. Her chief City is Lucenburg, called by Ptolemy Augusta Romanduorum. In circuit this Dukedom is 240. miles, and contains in it many other Towns, which have been much batterred in the wars, betwixt the French and Spanish Kings, before the States were at difference among themselves. Theonville among others is of note for the stronger Bostonacum, for the chief Merchandise. It is called the Paris of Ardenna, for by some that Forest is reckoned into this Dukedom. It stands on the East-side, was in Caesar's time 500 miles' compass, now about 90. Near to Ardenna is the Spa baths, of great fame for the Cure of sundry diseases: And hath oftentimes given our false English a pretence to leave their Country forsooth for Physic: when they have no other excuse to get free, and join themselves with the Romish Catholics. Maginus rockons into this Region 1168. Villages, besides Castles, with seven Earldoms, many other petty Governments. In the South is the Duchy of Bovillon, belonging to a Peer of France. (2) Limburg, on the North-east of Lutzenburg, divides the government betwixt her own Duke, and the Bishop of Luicke, who commands the Western Tract, as much as contains 24. walled Towns, and 1800. Villages, and hath under him 52. Baronies. Luicke the chief City of the Bishopric is an University, memorable for this one story, above any other in Christendom: That at one time there studied 9 King's sons, 24. Duke's sons, 29. Earl's sons, etc. The Duke's part in the East is not of that fam●, either for multitude of Towns and Villages, or command of under-territories. In the year 1293. the heirs Male were extinct, and by that means it fell to the Duke of Brabant. The whole Region is exceeding fertile, and affords almost all necessaries except Wine: Among other Commodities, it abounds with a kind of stone, of excellent use in Physic, called Lapis calaminani. The principal City Limburg stands upon the River Wesa. (3) Brabant on the North of Limburg, which commonly is supposed to have the name from Branchlant, as if a barren soil: but it is otherwise reported unless toward the North. The people are very jolly, ut viri gravem senectutem sentire videantur: And that methinks should argue plenty. Her chief Cities are Lorraine an University, which contains 20. Colleges, and among the rest a Seminary for English Jesuits. Brussels, and this is the Duke's seat, strengthened with a double wall, and is adorned with very elegant buildings. Bergen ap Some, which is yet fresh in the memory and mouths, since the siege 1622. Bodue whose people are noted to have preserved the antique valour of their Predecessors, more than any other of the Provinces. Breda was the place of the Prince of Orange, got from the Spaniard by a desperate policy of a small number of Gentlemen, which ventured themselves into the Castle, being conveyed in a Boat covered with turfs: when they were past recoil, they were forced to set their best strength forward, as well for their lives as the victory; and were blest with a success beyond hope. They mastered the Castle, and the rest soon followed. It was of late recovered by the Spaniards after a long siege, where our English got honour though not conquest, under the conduct of our noble and valiant Earl of Oxford. And lastly, within the compass of this D. is contained.  
(13) The Marquisate of the holy Empire, whose chief City is Antwerp, a Town heretofore of infinite Trading: had two Marts every year, qualified with an extraordinary privilege, that during the time no man might be arrested, nor his goods seized: and questionless this invited many which were in debt, and could not have the freedom of traffic elsewhere.  
(14) The Earldoms are (1) Flanders: First indeed as well in esteem as situation; For it gives name to the whole Region of the Netherlands: and the Prince writes himself Comes Dei gratiâ. It is the very Northwest tract of this Belgia: and is divided in Teutonicam, Imperatoriam, and Gallicam. The first is the Flandria Flandricans, properly Flanders. The principal Cities are Gandadun Gaunt, the birthplace of our john Duke of Lancaster: She is severed by the Rivers Shed, and lets into 26. Lands, and hath passage from one to another by 98. bridges. Her walls are seven miles in compass. Her other Towns are Burgies and Gravelling: Her Ports Dunkirk, Scluse, Newport, Ostend, etc. The two last notable, one for a pitched field, the other for a long siege. In both the English honourably maintained the right of the States against the Archduke. Flandria Imperatoria is but a small parcel, and borders upon Brabant, is called the Earldom of Hulit, which is the chief City within her Territories: Gallica Flandria is not of any large extent, but very fertile and pleasant. Her chief towns are Lilla or Lilse, Duacum Douai an University, Orchais, Tornay taken by King Henry the eighth, and ransomed by the Inhabitants for 100000, Ducats. (2) Artesia, Artois, the seat of the Atrebates in Caesar's time. Their chief City was then called Atrebatum now Arras, whence we have our rich hangings and their name. It lieth most on the South of Flanders; Maginus reckons to her 12. Cities, and 852. Villages. The chief of name besides their mother town Arras, are Air, Pernes, St. Omer, St. Paul. (3) Hannonia Hanolt on the East of Flanders, 60. miles long, broad 48. Contains 950. Villages, and 24. Towns beside Castles. The chief are Banais supposed to stand in the same place, where the ancient Belgium was built, Mons, Conde, Valenciennes, etc. (4) Namurce on the East of Hanolt, a fruitful Country, and full of Mines especially of Iron: It hath but four Cities, 182. Villages. The Metropolis is Namurce, and the rest Charlemount, Valencourt, Bornies.  
(15) The only Barony of the Arch Duke's Province is Mechlin a City in Brabant, which stands almost at equal distance betwixt Lovane, Brussels and Antwerp. Before the Spanish w●rs it was a place of Parliament for the States: Since a great part of it was scattered by unfortunate chance of fire, which catch among 800. Barrels of Gunpowder. In this stands a Monastery, which at sometimes hath in it 1600 Nuns; and within these limits is the power of the Archduke confined: And surely by reason of his infinite charge to maintain war, and the ticklish terms he stands upon for fear of displeasing his Subjects, who (as he suspects) may be apt enough to revolt, he can reap but little clear profit, and dares use as little Authority.  
(16) To the States there hold first the Dukedom of Geldria, which some will have to take her name from Gelduba, once her chief City: whether or not, there appears not now any monument of such a Town. The Province stands on the East of Brabant; and North of Limburg: It is a very fertile soil; especially if it be well tilled, it returneth the husbandman a liberal reward for his labour. Her pastures are excellent, in so much, that they feed up their Cattle to an incredible bigness and weight. A report passeth of one Bull which weighed 3200. pound: It was killed at Antwerp, 1570. It hath in it 22. walled Towns, and about 300 Villages. The principal of account are Neomagus or Nummegen an Imperial city, stands at the mouth of Rhine, which is called the Vahall. It was honoured with the title of a vicecounty, had authority to coin money, and was bound to acknowledge subjection to the Emperor only by a small tribute. A glove of Gunpowder, which they were to tender at Aken once a year. Others of note are Ruermund, Arnem, and Zutph●n.  
(17) The Earldoms are (1) Zutphen a Town only in Gelderland, at the north of the river Barikell, where that valiant soldier, and incomparable Poet Sir Philip Sidney received his last wound. It was joined into the State's strength 1590. (2) Zealand, it stands in the North tract upon the Seas, from whence it hath the name as it were of Zealand: And indeed it oft times so falls out, that they can hardly say whether they live in Sea or upon the Land. Eight Lands have been utterly lost: what remains of this Province is by the water divided into seven Lands: Walcheria, in which stands Middle-borough and Flushin. South Beveland, North Develand, Wolfors-dicke. These are the Western. The Eastern are Schoven, Tolen, and Develand. They are most of them a fierce people, crafty in merchandise, good Sea men, and great Fishers. (3) Holland or Holtland a woody Country: It is but a small Region, such as be a man where he will within her compass, he may travel it out in three hours: And yet is it of great fame, and better known to the common sort of people than any of these parts. The Inhabitants heretofore the Batavi: on the West it hath the Sea and Isles of Zealand: on the North the main Ocean. It comprehends about 400. Villages, and 29. walled Towns. The chief are Dordret or Dort, memorable for a Synod held against the Arminians, 1618. Harlem a Town which first sent forth a printed Book into the other parts of Europe. Delft, Amsterdam, a great place of traffic, Rotterdam, Lugdunum Batavorum, Leyden an University. Among the rest the Hage may claim a room here though but a village, yet the fairest in Christendom, and seat of the State's Council. The report lieth upon this Province of Margaret sister to the Earl of Floris, that she brought at one birth 365. children, all living till they were christened.  
(18) Baronies are (1) Vltrasectense utrecht on the East of Gelderland, and in part West, North, and South of Holland. It hath the name from her mother City Traiectum: and she hers, (as is supposed) from a common Ferry which is there: For before it was called Antonina. It hath four other good Towns, and seventy villages. (2) Ov●rissall or Transisulana on the North of Gelderland: It hath above 100 Villages, and 11. Towns of note. The chief Deventer won by our Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester from the Spaniards to the States: It was once under government of the Bishop of Vtrech: And the first was Wilbr●d an Englishman. (3) Frizia West Friezeland on the North of Overissall: It hath 345. Villages and 5. Towns. The chief Lewarden, Harlingham a Sea-town, & Francker a late University. (4) Groining a Town only of West Friezland, but hath Command over 145. villages, hath her proper laws & jurisdiction of a Province.  
(19) These last eight join together in an Aristarchicall Government, wielded by the LL. the States of the Low Countries, and their assistants. Each Province hath one, and his Common Council is elected out of her own principal Towns: But the residency of the general Council of the States is at the Hage in Holland; And to this are admitted with equal privilege of suffrage their General of their Forces, and our English Ambassador.   

¶ The Description of SPAIN.  
IN our Division of Europe, we placed her Regions as they lay from the first Meridian of Longitude in the Azores, and so on towards Asia Eastward. We will not here vary the course which was there proposed; and that gave Spain the precedency, as lying most Westward into the Atlantic Ocean. And indeed she puts forward as well upon her terms of Antiquity, as order of place. For if her plea may be heard, she derives her being from Tubal, the grandchild of Noah, and would be one of the first Nations of the second world. Likely enough those parts might be inhabited by his Progeny, but I doubt whether so soon after the Flood, as himself lived, and as some would have it, who suppose that he then kept cattle, and named the Province Taraconensis, from the Hebrew Taraco, a possession of Herds. This and other the like improbable Relations pass of her original. Which as we may not accept for truths, so we have no room here to confute them for lies. We must be content rather to omit those former ages, which give us no light but by fables; and begin with the affairs of Spain, which come within the compass of our known and approved Stories. As for the exploits of Hercules, of Geryon, and Cacus, and the rest; questionless, they had some ground from truth itself, if we knew how to search it forth& and here was their residence, men twelve hundred years by compute before the Romans or Carthaginians enjoyed it. But by reason that the passage of those times, was delivered only in vain fictions, we can warrant nothing for certain till the Syrians there planted themselves in the I'll of Gades: and of them little, till the Carthaginians were called in to aid them against the disturbance of ill neighbours, when once they were mingled with so flourishing a Nation, they wanted not Writers to record their actions, and sundry turns of Fortune.  
(2) The next Inhabitants there of Spain after the Syrians, and indeed the first which afford us any Story worth observing, were the Carthaginians: and the first cause of their entrance, was to defend the Islanders of Cales: but when they had once got firm footing, and sucked the sweetness, they were not to be removed by the easy term of friendship: but there kept hold, till a people stronger than themselves dispossessed them. The attempt was made by Scipio and the Roman forces; but they withstood their assault with so resolved a courage, and so strong a hand, that it might ofttimes be questioned Uter populus alteri esset pariturus? and so held play almost 200. years, and could not be fully subdued into the form of a Province, till the Reign of Augustus Caesar, yet after they were held to it till Honorius.  
(3) About his sixth year was there a second Invasion made by the Vandals, and soon after by the Goths, which bare sway for above 300. years. The last King was Rodoricus, who lost both himself and Kingdom for a rape committed upon the Daughter of julian a noble Gentleman, and at that time Ambassador with the Moors in Africa. When the Father had understood of his Daughters unworthy injury, he brought back his revenge with him 30000. Horse, and 180000. Foot of Moors and Saracens, which discomfited the King, overthrew all the resistance which he could make, and bespread the Country with their Forces, where they and their posterity stood firm, till within the memory of some which yet live.  
(4) This change of State was before prophesied, and concealed in a large Chest within a part of the Palace, which both the last King and his Predecessors were forewarned not to discover. But the hope of an inestimable treasure made him transgress: and when he had entered, there appeared nothing but the Portraitures of Armed Moors, with a presage annexed, that when that part of the Palace should be forced open, such enemies should ruin Spain. It is now at last but one people, but yet retains the mixture of those many Nations which have heretofore possessed it, Goths, Saracens, and jews, who were partly banished hither by Hadrian the Emperor, and partly sent hither by Vlider Vbit the Caliph after the Moors conquest.  
(5) In all this Discourse touching the beginning and settling of the State of Spain it appears not, from whence she derives her several names of Iberia, Hesperia, & Hispania. It seems they are more ancient than the entrance of the Carthaginians, and therefore they allow us no certain Story, nor other reason indeed, more than a likely Conjecture: and in some scarce that. Her first name of Iberia was given by her ancients from a River that runs almost through the middle of the Country; So saith Maginus, and relies upon Pliny and justin for his Authors. Others give it rather to the Iberi, the ancient people of Asia that came in under Panus from toward Syria, & possessed it before the Carthaginians. Her second name admits as much question. Some fetch it from Hesperus the brother of Atlas, and their twelfth King from Tubal. Others beyond the Moon from the Evening star, because it is situate upon the West of Europe. The last Hispania is supposed from one Hispanus or Hispalus, who reigned in those parts, and was the third in the account of some from Tubal: or else from Hispalis now Seril: rather we may take it from the forementioned Panus, Captain of the Iberians, by the prefixion of an S, for so the Greeks give it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and since by their own addition and corruption it is made Espania, Hispania.  
(6) Her whole compass is reckoned to be 1893. English miles: and her bounds are Seas on every side, unless on the East towards France, from which she is severed by the Pir●naan Mountains. On the West he Atlantic Ocean, on the North the Cantabrick, and on the South the Fretum Herculeum, and other parts of the Mediterranean, which divide her from Africa. Her Rivers of note are specially, (1) Minius or Mingo. (2) Dorio now Duerus. (3) Tagus now Taio, famous for her golden sands. () Betis or Guadilquiver. (5) Iberus now Ebro, and (6) Ana or Guadiana, which in one place glides under ground for fifteen miles together, and gives the Spaniard an occasion (as he will catch at any) to brag that they have ten thousand Cattle daily feeding upon one bridge. Yet give them their own sense, the truth may be questioned. For they have not such plenty of meat, as they have of sauce.  
(7) It yields indeed abundance of Oranges, Lemons, Capers, Dates, Sugar, Oil, Honey, Liquorish, Raisins, Saffron, Rice, excellent Sacks, and other Wines. And in some places, Sheep, Goats, and swift Horses. It hath been heretofore noted for rich Mines, in so much that Hannibal received daily 3000. from one Mine in Spain. The number is not answerable in proportion to other Regions of Europe. Their Cities not so great, nor so many. The reason may be, because indeed their women are not so fertile to multiply among themselves, and their usage of strangers so uncivil, that very few of other Country's seat themselves there, as in France, England, and Germany. And yet they have of late times sent many Colonies abroad into both Indies.  
(8) They are extremely proud, and the silliest of them pretend to a great portion of wisdom, which they would seem to express in a kind of reserved state, and silent gravity, when perhaps their wit will scarce serve them to speak sense. But if once their mouths be got too open, they esteem their breath too precious to be spent upon any other subject then their own glorious actions. They are most unjust neglectors of other Nations, and impudent vain flatterers of themselves. Superstitious beyond any other people: which indeed commonly attends those which affect to be accounted religious, rather than to be so. For how can hearty devotion stand with cruelty, lechery, pride, Idolatry, and those other Gothish, Moorish, jewish, Heathenish conditions of which they still savour.  
(9) Yet it hath yielded heretofore men very famous for their several endowments, both of wit and religion. The Apostle himself expresseth a great desire to see Spain, as hoping to do much good among those which had entertained the name of Christ. Osius a learned Bishop in the time of Constantine the Great: And Pac●anus mentioned by S. Hierome, Isidore, Fulgentius, Arias Montanus, Tostatus and Masius, were all Spaniards: Seneca, Quintilian the Orator (Lumen Romanae eloquentia, as Valla styles him) Martialis, Lucan, Silius, & Pomponius Mela were Spaniards, Traian the Emperor, Theodosius, Ferdinand the Catholic, and Charles the Emperor were Spaniards. To this day it breeds good Soldiers, slow, but sure, and successful in their Conquests. Yet such as prevail more by art then valour. Their continual scarcity of victuals inureth them to hunger and other hardness, which ofttimes wearieth out their enemy, and makes him yield at least to their patience, if not to their strength.   map of Spain 
SPAIN Newly described, with many adictions, both in the attires of the people & the setuations of their chiefest Cityest by john. Speed. 1626.  
(11) The present state of Arragon comprehends three of those Kingdoms, as it was scattered by the Moors and Saracens. (1) Arragon itself, which lieth on the South of Navarre, on the East of Castille, on the North of Valentia, and the West of Catalonia. The ancient Inhabitants were the jaccetani, Lucenses, and Celtiberi: her chief City Caesar Augusta. (2) Catalonia: It lieth betwixt Arragon and the Pyrenaean hills. It is supposed a mixed name from Gothi and Alani, people which heretofore possessed it after the Vandals had lost their hold. The Region is but barren; yet it hath in it many Cities, The chief Terra cona, which gave name to the whole Province, called by the Romans, Terraconenses. (3) Valentia, which on the East is touched with the Mediterranean, on the north with Castille, on the south with the Kingdom of Murcia. It is reported for the most pleasant and fruitful Region in all Spain, it hath her name from her chief City, and as Maginus relates, admits as yet of 22. thousand Families of Moors. In this is the University where St. Dominicke, father of the Dominicans studied. And the old Saguntum besieged by Hannibal now Morvedre.  
(12) The state of Castille as now it stands, comprehends all the rest of those scattered governments, as were possessed by the Moors, Portugal only excepted. And first Castil itself, both the old which joins with Arragon on the East of Portugal, and the West of Navarre; and the new which toucheth her upon the South. The first abounds not much with fruits, but yet it breeds many cattle. The Metropolis is Burgos▪ and the other chief are Salamanca, an University, and Valadelit once the seat of the Kings of Spain. Now Castille abounds more with Come: is watered with the river Tagus and Ana: and in this stands the King's chief Cities, Madrid and Toledo, which was heretofore a proprietary of itself. The rest that belong to Castille are a Toledo how ever now but a City of new Castille, yet in the division, her Territories spread themselves over a large compass. The City is in the midst of Spain. It was the seat of the Gothish Kings, and successively of the Moorish Princes: now of the Archbishops, who exceed in revenues any other Prelate in the world, except the Pope. Here hath sat eighteen national Counsels in the time of the Gothish Kings. 3.  
(13) Biscay, heretofore Cantabria on the North of old Castille toward the Ocean, it was the last people which yielded to the Romans, and after to the Moors. A Mountainous Country, but affords excellent Timber for Ships, and good Iron. Her Cities are St. Sebastian, Fonteralia, and Bilbao, which stands but two miles from the Sea, and is noted for excellent Blades: some have been tried by the English upon their own Crests. 4.  
(14) Leon heretofore Austria, on the East hath Biscay, on the West Gallicia, on the North the Cantabricke Ocean, and on the South old Castille. The Region is reported to yield plenty of Gold, Vermilion, red Lead, and other Colours, else she is barren, her Inhabitants not many, and those live most upon Hunting and Fishing. It is the title of the eldest Son of Castille, as Wales is to our Prince of England. Her chief City is Oveido, which bare part with her in the name of a Kingdom; and indeed was the Title of the first Christian King after the Moors Conquest. 5.  
(15) Gallicia, on the East joins upon Leon, on the West it is bounded with the Atlantic Ocean, on the North with the Cantabricke, and on the south with the River Mingo. It breeds gennets in abundance, in so much that they have been Poetically feigned to be conceived by the wind. Niger writes that here hath been an incredible plenty of Gold, Lead, and Silver. That the Rivers are full of a mixed earth, and that the Plough could scarce wag for clods of golden Ore. There appears now no such matter. The principal Cities are Saint jago, where St. james the Apostle lieth buried, his Relics kept, worshipped, and visited by Pilgrims. And the other of note especially with us is Corugna, an excellent Port for Ships, and mentioned oft in our wars with the Spaniards by the name of the Groin. Here likewise is the Promontory Nerius, called by our Mariners Capo de finis terrae.  
(16) Murcia, on the North hath new Castille; on the South and East the Spanish Seas. It is not much peopled, but yet is famous for several Commodities, especially pure earthen vessels, and fine Silk. Heretofore it enriched the Romans with a daily supply of 25000. Drachmae of Silver. Her chief places are Alicante, whence our Alicant Wines come, and new Carthage oft commended by our Travellers, for her large and safe Haven, and lastly, Murcia, a Town which gives name to the whole Region.  
(17) Navare lieth close to the Pirenaean Hills, and as Maginus gives it, is enclosed with Mountains: and so it is North and East, on the West it hath the River Ebro, and on the South Arragon. The Vascones are said to have lived here, who afterward placed themselves in France, and keep there their name to this day of Vascones, corruptly Gascoignes. The chief Towns are Pampelme, the Metropolis, and Viana the title of the Navarran Prince. Maginus sets the Revenue annual of this Kingdom at 100000. Ducats.  
(18) Corduba, now a City only, heretofore a Kingdom and included. Andaluzia, Granada, and Estr●madura. Equalised almost the whole Province wh●ch the Romans in their second division called Baetica. Andaluzia hath lost but one letter of her name since she was possessed by the Vandals. From them she was first called Vandalicia: since Andalicia, corruptly, Andaluzia. It lieth on the West of Granada, and is a very fertile Country. In this Region is the chief City Corduba, whence we receive our Cordavan Leather. The second of note is Sevill: the Metropolitan of Andaluzia, and the fortunate Lands, esteemed the goodliest City in all Spain, and though (as Corduba) it was not honoured with the title of a Kingdom, yet it honoured a Kingdom with her title in the opinion of some, which derive Hispania from her former appellation Hispalis. From this shore they launch forth toward the Indies, and from hence they send their Sevill Oranges. The Archbishop of Sevill is second to Toledo, as well in Revenues as degree. near to Andaluzia is the Island of Gades, by which the Carthaginians entered into Spain. Since it is called Cadis, and commonly Cales. The English have had their turn in the possession of that I'll. Now again fortune hath cast it upon the Spaniard. On the very South edge of this Region stands one of Hercules' Pillars, which answers to the other Promontory in Mauritania: The Sea betwixt both is called Fretum Herculeum, and straits of Gibraltar. The second Province of Corduba was Granada, on the East of Andaluzia the West of Murcia, and South of new Castille toward the Spanish Seas. It hath been far more fertile than now it is: yet it still reserves a show of her former beauty, affords as excellent Sugar, Silk, and Wines. The principal Towns of note are, Granada and Malaga: the first for Stockings, and the other for good Sacks. The third Province of Corduba Estrem●dura lieth on the South of Castille, and is watered through the middle with the River Ana. And in this stands the City Merida, once a Roman Colony, and named by them Augusta Emerita, from the Inhabitants which were there planted by Augustus, and culled out of his ancient tried Soldiers.  
(19) Portugal is the third Kingdom in our last division of Spain, and it may well be esteemed one of her largest Territories: For it runs along by the Atlantic Ocean, from the borders of Gallicea, as Andaluzia; on the North it is limited with the River Mingo, on the South with part of the Mediterranean, on the West with the Atlantic & on the East with the Castile's Andaluzia and Estremadura. Her name some derive à portu Gallorum, Maginus rather à portu Cale a Haven of that name which was much frequented by Fishermen; It is almost the same portion of Spain which was heretofore Lusitania, and her people were esteemed the most valiant, crafty and agile Soldiers of the whole Region; yet now they are held to be simple ad proverbium usque. But it is their neighbour Spaniard's censure, who indeed have overreached them in cunning, and brought them under the subjection of their Catholic King, which were before a free State of themselves, and carried with them another Kingdom of the Algarbi, which stands in her very South, and shows the Cape of St. Vincent into the Atlantic Ocean: Give them their due they are excellent Seamen, and the best alive to achieve adventurous actions: For they added to their Dominions many Territories of Africa, Asia, and America, could they have been so fortunate as to have kept their Kingdoms and themselves out of the reach of the cogging Spaniard.  
(20) The Country affords not much Corn, but fruit reasonable store, and Mines of several metals, Alum, Marble, good Silks, etc. The chief City is Lisbon, in Latin Vlyssipona, supposed to have been built by Ulysses. And from hence they set sail towards the East Indies, to Aethiopia, Brasile, etc. In so much that this very City yields more revenue than the rest of the whole Kingdom. Another eminent place of this Region is the Metropolis and Academia of Conimbria, called before Mouda. And this briefly is the whole Continent of Spain, but doth not terminate the Spanish Dominions, which commands as well the Lands which lie near in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, as many other parts of the world besides interminate with other Regions. The Kingdom of Naples in Italy, Duchy of Myleine, Isles of Sicily and Sardinia, the Canaries, Towns and Castles and Havens in Barbary; In the West Indies, Mexico, Peru, Brasile, large portion in the East.  
(21) The Lands near Spain in the Atlantic chief the Tarsarae. In the Mediterraneum are the Baleares, and those are two principal, Maiorica commonly called Mallorca, and Minorica commonly Menorca. Other less Lands are Dragonera, Cabrera, Pyttussae, Erisa, Vedrau, Conirello, Dragomago, and Scombraria.   

¶ The Description of ITALY.  
ITALY is divided from France and Germany by the Alps, and stretcheth herself Southeast, betwixt the Tyrrhene and Adriaticke Seas, almost in just proportion of a man's leg. I may spare my Reader her lavish attributes; which he can hardly ba●●e, if he will but look into any Author where her name is mentioned. She must (for me) and well may, be content here with the brief Elegy of Pliny, to which (I think) the wit of man can add but little. Certainly the most blessed seat of man upon earth can deserve no more. Italia terrarum omnium alumna, eadem & parens, numine deorum electa quae coelum ipsum clarius faceret, sparsa congregaret imperia, ritus molliret, tot populorum discordes linguas, sermons, Commercia, ad colloquia distraberet, & humanitati hominem daret.  
(2) Yet to speak truth we cannot abate her much of this title. The mother of Countries we may call her, since most Writers agree, that she was first inhabited by janus (or Noah, as some would report him) the father of Nations. It was doubtless a very long time, since the world was honest: and deserved the name of a golden age: yet then was she peopled (as justine delivers out of Trogus) by the Aborigines, whose King was first Ogyges, than Saturn, a man so just, that under his government there was known no tyranny from their Prince, no disloyalty from the subject, no injury from the neighbour: They had all one patrimony, one possession: and where all acknowledge no peculiar, there can be but little cause of strife.  
(3) I presume not to set down the just year when men were thus ordered: But if you will believe the story of the Gentiles compared in Chronologie, by some of late years and better trust, as Munster, Quade, etc. janus' pater hominum & deorum and immediate predecessor to Saturn, was in Italy within 200. years after the Flood, and received the aged Chronus into part of his Kingdom with him, being expulsed by his son jupiter out of Crete. Each of them built a City and left a sound of his name for their remembrance: the one janua, which to this day hath suffered no further change than to Genua: and the other Saturnia; and both in their times gave name to the whole region: which are not yet fully worn out: though others have since took place: as Latium, quia his latebat Saturnus, Italia ab Italo Siculorum rege. Hesperia from the Western star, A●sonia and Oenotria from her excellent Wines.  
() But this is the largest scope which we can give to her antiquity. Helvicus and other authentic observers of time, cuts off (well-nigh) a thousand years from this account of the Aborigines, and placeth their Dynastia 2622. years after the creation: 966. after the Flood: and before Christ 1327.  
(5) The first change of Inhabitants was forced by Evander the Arcadian, a man of that admirable eloquence, that he was called the son of Mercury, but had by chance slain his father, and was therefore expulsed his inheritance, and advised into Italy by his mother, a great Prophetess of those times. He removed the Aborigines from their seat, and planted his companions in the same plot of ground, where after Rome was built: and in the Mons Palatinus founded a little Town, which he called Pallanteum, in memory of his great grandfather. And this was about the year 2710.  
(6) About 60. years after, Aeneas arrived in this Country from the siege of Troy, was entertained as an amorous suitor by Lavinia, with consent of her father Latinus: and after the death of his corrival Turnus, King of the Rutilians, was settled heir to the Latin Monarchy after his father.  
(7) From Aeneas to Numitor the succession went on (not without some rubs,) but suffered no great breach for almost four hundred years. When the title should have fallen to him, being the elder and true heir, he was spoilt of the Kingdom by his younger Amulius Silvius: nor could it be recovered till time had given growth and strength to Romulus and Rhemus his grandchildren by his daughter Rhea.  
(8) The birth and breeding of these two brothers is well known, we need not enlarge their Story further than thus. They were the sons of Rhea, a Virgin which was cloistered up into the Temple of Vesta, by her uncle Amulius Silvius, that she might not bring forth an heir to endanger his title. Notwithstanding means was found, so that she conceived at once two children by Mars, and was delivered among her sister's Vestals. For this herself (as the censure was upon such delinquents) was buried alive: her boys exposed to be destroyed: but were preserved by Faustulus the King's Shepherd, and nursed by his wife Laurentia: or Lupa for her bad life.  
(9) When years and their supposed father had taught them their pedigree, and the base tyranny of their uncle; they began with revenge upon him, for their mother's quick burial: for their own intended murder, and their grandsires injury. To be brief, they slew their great uncle Amulius Silvius, and returned the Kingdom to the rightful Numitor.  
(10) Thus when they had once dealt in disposing of Empires: they could not easily return to the Shepheards-hooke, but bethought them of the like fortune for their own advancement: and stirred not far to make good their purpose, but in the very Mons Palatinus, the place where they sucked their nurse, they drew together a monstrous head of debauched Shepherds, and built the City: which is now called Rome from Romulus, who in strife for the name, or (as some say) for a disdainful skip over the new walls slew his brother Rhemus, and was left the sole Founder and Commander of this rascal crew, for so indeed it was, and held in that contempt by their borderers, that they could not by entreaty get wives from them to continue their succession, till by a guile they had enticed the Sabines to their pastimes, ravished their women, and afterward by degrees either made their peace or won it with the sword, from the people round about them.  
(11) Thus began the Empire of Rome: and was governed at first by 7. Kings in a direct succession to Tarqvinius Superbus, who lost both himself and Kingdom, by his own pride, and his son Sextus rape upon Lucretia. It was next taken up by Consuls, two annually chosen out of the Patritii or principal Citizens. The third rank were of Decemviri: but they again were dispossessed for the like rape of Appius upon Virginia, & Tribunes were constituted of Consulary authority. Then Consuls again in another course: and for a while Dictator's; which when Caesar had once clasped, he soon made to himself a power Imperial: and (though after five years it cost him his life, which he enchanged with Brutus and Cassius for 23. wounds in the Senate house: yet) the liberty of Rome was never so fully recovered, but that soon after the Government fell upon Augustus, by the death of Autony and deposing of Lepidus, who for a while were joined with him into the Trium viratus.  
(12) This hold was scarce ever lost clearly to this day: though by the changing of the seat Imperial from Rome to Byzantium, in the reign of their fourtie-third Constantinus: by the division into the Eastern and Western, in the time of Theodosius: by the many invasions of the Goths, Huns, Vandals▪ Alani, Burgundians, and Lombard's, it comes now far short of that full glory in which it once shined.  
(13) Yet is Italy still as before a happy soil, pleasant and fertile: at all times moderate weather and healthful air: full of variety as well of living creatures, as Plants, Corn, Wine, Oil, Linen, Herbs, etc. And can afford into other Countries, Rice, Silks, Velvets, Satins, Taffetas, Grogram, Rash, Fustians, Gold-wire, Armour, ●llom, Glasses, etc. The rich are very rich: for wealth will come, with much labour, in great abundance: but the poor are extreme poor: for they are most of them very idle.  
(14) Her chief Rivers are Padus or Poe, Athesis, Rubica, Tyberis, Arnus, etc. And her chief Mountains are the Alps and Mons Appenninus. The first are in height 5▪ days journey, covered with snow, and from thence have their names à nivibus albis. They have two passages from Germany into this Country, and three out of France. From Germany by the Valtoline and by Trent. Out of France through Provence and Liguria: through the hills Genura to Lombardy: and through the Country of Turaigne. The Apennine Mountain runs at length with Italy, like the ridge of a man's back, and is called indeed Spina. The measure of Italy is from Northwest to Southeast about 1010. miles, and from the two Seas cross in some places 410.   map of Italy 
ITALIA Newly augmented by. I. Speed and Are to be sold in Pops-head alley by George Humble. 1626.  
(16) For war and learning, it bred in times past the mirror of both, Camillus, Fabius Maximus, Scipio, Pompey, Caesar, Cicero, Livy, Tacitus, Virgil, Ovid, and many hundreds which yet prompt our tongues and pens with examples of goodness in several kinds. Nor hath it lost that glory in this age. For what Nation directs not their travails into these parts, to see, hear, and partake of their excellent learning, though they compass it with great expense, and venture through dangerous hazards, by reason of their treacherous dispositions, and cruel barbarous usage of such as shall in any light circumstance seem to be averse from their idolatrous superstition. But their Universities are many and very famous; Rome, Ferrara, Naples, Salernum, Venice, Milan, Verona, Florence, Milan, Mantua, etc.  
(17) I must omit those many divisions of Italy, made first by Cato in Appenninam, Cisappenninan, and Transappenninam. By Pliny in Liguriam, Latium, etc. By Sirabo in Venetiam, Lucaniam, Apuliam, Romam, etc. By Ptolemy into 45. several Nations. We will rest in the latest, which best fits the present state, and numbers ten Provinces.  
(1) The Kingdom of Naples. (2) The Land of the Church. (3) The Commonwealth of Venice. (4) The Dukedom of Florence. (5) The Dukedom of Milan. (6) The Dukedom of Mantua. (7) The Dukedom of Urbin. (8) The Principality of Parma. (9) The State of Genoa. (10) The State of Luca.  
(18) The first is the Kingdom of Naples in the South part of Italy, and is the most fertile: it is bounded with the Seas unless on that side toward the Papacis. It is of large compass and comprehends many Provinces. (1) Campania foelix, or terra laboris, and in this stands Naples the Metropolis: and Cuma, where the Sibylls Cave was, by which Aeneas went down to Hell. And not far off is the lake Avernus. (2) Abrazzo, her chief Towns of note are Sulmo, and Aquine, the birthplace of our great Schoolman Thomas Aquinas. (3) Calabria inferior. The chief City Salernum an Academy, famous for Physic. (4) Calabria superior, called Magna Graecia, from a multitude of Greek Colonies, which there built Cities, and possessed a great part of the Countries. The principal of note was Tarentum. (5) Terra Di'otranto from her Metropolis Otranto, once Hydruntum. And here stands Brundisium, famous for one of the best Havens in Christendom. (6) Puglia, and her chief City was Arpinum, Tully's birthplace.  
(19) The Land of the Church lieth on the West of Naples, and Southeast of the Commonwealth of Venice: North and South she crosseth from the Adriatic to the Tuscan Sea. Her under-provinces are, (1) Romandiola: and her chief Cities Bononia, and Ferrara, and Ravenna. (2) Marchia Anchonitana, in which stands Loretto, the place where so many miracles are performed by our Lady, as they deliver among the rest of their Legends. Ducato Spoletano: and in this Asis, where Saint Francis was borne. (4) Saint Peter's patrimony, a large portion: and I believe more than ever he enjoyed or could leave to his heirs. Her ancient Towns, well known and oft mentioned in the Roman Stories were Alba, the seat of the Sylvian Kings, and Ostia, built by Ancus Martius, and Tybur, Proveste, the Gabii, the Veii, and that which bustles for the place above any other in Christendom, Rome herself: we will not repeat her beginning: she was then but two miles in compass: but after she grew fat, she burnished to 50. miles about, upon the walls 740. Turrets, and the Inhabitants innumerable. For those memorable actions which were performed in her under the antique Empire, we will refer the Reader to a particular Description, derived wholly to that purpose. As it is now, it stands somewhat lower on the banks of Tiber, in the Campus Martius: she retains yet 11. miles round, and 200000. Inhabitants, a great part Friars, and such odd idle fellows, which pretend to Religion, for want of other means to live: Cloister themselves up to a single life, only to avoid the charge and encumbrances of marriage, not to separate themselves from the world or desires of the flesh: for among them they maintain commonly 40000. Courtesans in good custom, and so rich, that they are able to pay 30000. Ducats yearly to the Pope. The buildings, in which they most glory in, are the Church of Saint Peter, the Castle of Saint Angelo, the Vatican Library, and the Pope's Palace. The truth is, there is pride enough to attire the whore of Babylon, as there can hardly be any other meant then Rome: she sits upon the Beast with seven heads: for she was built upon seven Hills, Palatinus, Capitolinus, Viminalis, Aventinus, Esquilinus, Caelius, Quirinalis: was ruled first by seven Kings, and hath been since subject to seven several forms of government; if you join the Popedom to those former, which I have now mentioned.  
(20) The Commonwealth of Venice, on the North of the Papacis, is a large Territory, and is now as famous for state-policy as it hath been heretofore glorious for warlike achievements. The Inhabitants were first a people of lesser Asia, and assisted their neighbour Troyans' in their ten years' quarrel with the greeks. So long since they were known by the name of Heneti: and that differs not much from Veneti as they are now called. Though they have a Duke, yet it is a free State, and governed by an Aristarchie: for he is ordered to the very clothes on his back, by a certain number of the chief Citizens of Venice (for that is their Gentry,) and hath his allowance out of their treasury (little enough to keep him from the thought of tyranny) about 40000. Ducats by the year. The City itself is eight miles round, built upon 72. Lands, five miles from the firm land, but for convenience of passage is always furnished with Boats, and hath 4000 Bridges. Their Arsnall keeps in continual readiness 200. Galleys. In their Magazine of war, there is ever furniture for 100000. men at Arms. The younger brothers of the Gentry may not marry to increase the number beyond maintenance: yet to make up their liberty, they allow them stews. Her Provinces are (1) Marca Trarigniana, and her chief Cities are Truisco and Milan (the University best frequented by Physicians, by reason of her rare garden of simples,) and Verona, with many others. (2) Frinby. (3) Histria. (4) Part of Dalmatia. (5) The Lands, Candie, Corsica, Ithaca, Zaus, Leucadia, Cythera, etc.  
(21) The Dukedom of Florence betwixt the Appennius Mountains on the North, and the Tyrrhene Sea on the South, hath on the West Romagna, and Pissco, on the East. A great part of it was Tuscanie, and gives yet to their Prince the title of great Duke of Tuscanie. Her chief cities are Florence, where the most elegant Italian is spoke familiarly, and Pisa, which the Florentines besieged and conquered by the valour of our English Sr. john Haukwood, who raised himself by his brave carriage in the wars, having been before but a very poor Tailor in Essex; the third is Pistoya, where first began the quarrel of the Guelphs and Ghibellines.  
(22) The Dukedom of Milan in Lombardy, on the South of Tragniana, North of Liguria, West of Mantua, and East of Piedmont. A pleasant and rich Province. Her chief City Milan of seven miles' compass, the seat of Saint Ambrose his Bishopric.  
(23) The Dukedom of Mantua on the East of Milan, is of circuit not much short of Florence: and her chief Town is Mantua, who may still glory in the birth of that excellent Poet Virgil. It is very strongly situated, and fenced on three sides with water a quarter of a mile broad: and the rest is guarded by a firm wall. And to this Principality belongs the Dukedom of Mount-ferrat in the Southeast of Piedmont.  
(24) The Dukedom of Urbin in the midst of the Papal Territories, and upon the North side of the Appennius Mountains. Her principal City is Vrbino, the birthplace of another Virgil: though not of equal fame: yet one in whom we have somewhat more interest: for he writ an English History, being at that time here resident, and Collector of the Pope's Peter-pences. Besides this, here are two hundred Castles. The rock of Saint Leo, Marivol, etc. Some other Towns as Cabe, Pisanco, etc.  
(25) The Principality of Parma on the South of Mantua, and the North of the Appennius: East of Milan, and West of Medena: Besides other Commodities, which she yields in equal plenty with other parts of Italy: sends a pleasant Cheese into other Countries, which we call Parmasans. And her chief City is Parma. This Principate carries with it Mirandula and her Territories, a place oft heard of by the common mention which is made of learned Picus de Mirandula.  
(26) The State of Genoa is contracted now from that large compass which heretofore it fetched in. It contained once Liguria and Capua, with the Taurica Chersonesus, Hetruria, & a fair company of Lands in the Greek Seas. Little left at this time upon the main Land besides Liguria, and that lieth betwixt the Rivers Varus and Marca, hath the Alps on the West, which divide her from Provence: Hetruria on the East: on the North the Appennius Mountains, and on the South the Tyrrh●ene Seas. She hath her name from the chief City built by janus. It is in compass eight miles: and the houses for two stories high are built with Marble. The people noble minded: and forward to any honourabale action, be it in the wars by Land, or hazard by Sea. One Christopher Columbus is sufficient to make good this Elegy, for whose birth she deserves to be honoured to the world's end. The women of Genoa are the most happy of any in Italy; for they may see a man, and speak, and be courted, if not too boldly, without suspicion of their friends, or jealousy of their husbands.  
(27) The State of Luca is in Tuscanie, and comprehends the Territories and City Luca, built by Lucumo King of Italy upon the River Serchius. It was once the randevouse of Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus. Here they joined their forces in their great attempt. This hath been the Emperors, the Genoa, the Venetians, the Millanoys, and the Florentines in their several turns. They now rest under the protection of the King of Spain.   

The Description of the Kingdom of Hungary  
IT is not without example of good authority, if I take into this Description, not only that part which is now more peculiarly known by the name of Hungary; but the whole Country likewise of Daria, which was once one with it, though time and fortune have at last severed them: so that each hath now its own Princes, Laws, Customs, Language and Religion different from other. I the rather take to myself this leave, to avoid both the charge and trouble of ordering for every one, a several Table.  
(2) First then the Kingdom of Hungary is on the Southeast of Germany, and joins upon the Dukedom of Austria. They heretofore divided betwixt them the Country of Pannonia, Austria was the superior, and this the inferior Pannonia. Their government and titles are now disjoined; and Austria hath got the start in power: for she is the mother of many Germane Princes, and hath drawn the Crown Imperial almost into a succession.  
(3) Yet is Hungary still an absolute Kingdom: and if not so rich and populous as heretofore, it must not take from her honour, since her fortunes sunk not through want of valour, and fault of her former Inhabitants: but have been for a long time▪ exposed to hazard in the defence of Christendom against the misbelieving Turk: and for that, it hath been by some styled the Cockpit of the world, where once in a year at least a prize is played, and some ground either won or lost by either party.  
(4) The first Inhabitants of this Country were the Pannones: those were expulsed by the Goths: And when the Goths went into Italy, it was left to the possession of the Hunni, a Scythian people, which lived before near the Palus Maeotis: and when they saw their time, changed their seat: and about the year three hundred seventy three, broke by great multitudes into these parts of Europe, which they held till they were displaced by the Lombard's. These last were the Winnili, which lived in Scandia or Scandinaria, a Northern Peninsula, betwixt the German and Hyperborean Seas. Their seat it seems was too barren for their number; and mere want of victuals forced them to seek better sustenance in some other quarter. They overran many Countries, ere they could find any one to their content: Among the rest the Pannonia had her course: and here they continued till they marched into Italy, under the command of Alboinnus, where after 200. years, their Kingdom was ruinated by Charlemagne.  
(5) When it was thus left by Lombard's, the Huns returned to their former seat: and after some time of rest, grew up to a potent Nation, able to encounter the Roman Macrinus, to break his Forces, and return victors from the battle. About the year 439. they chose for their King, Attyla, whose inscription was, Attyla Mundizi filius, & Magni Nim: nepos Engadiae natus, divinâ benignitate, Hunnorum, Medorum Gothorum, ac Danorun, metus orbis, Deique flagellum. An insolent title; but indeed he was victorious over most parts of the then known world, and bethought himself of enlarging his Territories in Asia and Africa: But that design was drowned in wine and lust; which at length brought him to a most miserable destruction: For in the night time, when he had filled himself with both, as he lay by his Concubine, with his face upward in a dead sleep, his nose gushed a bleeding, and choked him, being not able to recover himself from his back to give it passage.  
(6) Since this settling, they were once more disturbed by the Lombard's: and after by Charles the Great: so that they were not well fastened in their possession of this Country, till the time of the Emperor Arnulphus, about the year 900. And in deed at this day hardly enjoy it, by reason of the incredible spoils and massacres which the Tartars commit amongst them. This last name of Hungaria without doubt had the Original from their present Inhabitants and their Predecessors, which at times have peopled this Country above 1200. years.  
(7) This Hungaria propria is bound on the West with Austria, on the East with the River Tibiscus: on the North with Poland and Russia, and on the South with the River Savus.  
(8) The land thus limited, it is hard to believe what most Geographers report of her fertility. That she yields Corn thrice in one year, almost without any tillage or care of the husbandman. Fruit of all kinds in great abundance, and grapes which make an excellent, wholesome, and rich wine. It breeds Cattle in such plenty, that this one Country, besides stores for her own Inhabitants, sends Sheep and Oxen into foreign Nations, which lie about her: and might (say they) suffice to feed all Europe with flesh. Venison is not here any dainties: Does, Hairs, Hearts, Goats, Boars, etc. are every man's meat: and the game common, as well to the Boors as Gentry: And so for Pheasant, Partridge, Blackbirds, Pigeons, most fowl, wild and tame.  
(9) The earth is enriched with variety of Mines, which yields her plenty of Iron, Steele, Copper, Silver and Gold: Led she hath not, and scarce at all any Tin. Her Rivers are equally commodious, as well for their own wealth, as fit conveyance of foreign Merchandise by shipping into their quarters. The chief and only one indeed which belongs properly to this Region, is Tibiscus or Teissa: and this imparts not her streams to any other Country, but fully and freely pays her tribute to the Hungarian, more Fish than can be spent yearly within their own limits. It passeth proverbially upon this River, that two parts of it are water, and a third fish. The rest, which are common to this, with other Countries, are Danubius (here Ister) and Savus and Darvus, all of them well stored with water provision, and in some places cast up a sand mixed with very good Gold. Here are besides many waters of excellent virtues: whereof some turn Wood into Iron, others Iron into Brass: Some very medicinal for sundry diseases: others again so pestiferous, that they kill the creature which doth but taste them. The like is reported of an Hiatus in the ground, unaccessable by any but the fowls of the air, and those fall suddenly dead with the stench which ascends from it.  
(10) The people for the most part are strong, f●rce, revengeful, harsh to strangers: briefly, ill mannered and worse learned: For they affect not either liberal Arts or mechanic Trades. Yet it affords one of the most reverend Fathers of our Church good Saint Hierome. Their greatest pride is their name of a warlike Nation: and the basest infamy to put up the term of coward. Yet the person charged may not acquit himself upon his upbraider: but must make good his honour in single combat with a Turk: when he hath overcome him (and not till then) he may (by order of the Country) wear a Feather, as a note of his true Gentry. The sons only are inheritors. If it chance that the males sail, the estate descends not to the daughters: but is forfeit to the common treasury. They have no portion with their wives, but a wedding garment: and till they are married, neither one nor th'other are accustomed to lie in beds. Their language is the Scythian, and their Religion divers: some Pap●sts, more Protestants. They received Christianity above six hundred years since.  
(11) Hungary hath been heretofore divided in citeriorem & ulteriorem. The former citra, and the other ultra Danubium. And both again had their division into fifty Counties, as Maginus calls them. Her most illustrious Cities are (1) Buda the Metropolis, and seat of their Kings, before it was taken by the Turk. For pleasant situation, wholesome air, fertile fields about her, stately buildings, and whatsoever else may commend her, Quadus sets her equal with any other in Europe. Vadianus mentions here a statute of Hercules, which himself saw made of Brass to artificially, that the very veins were lively expressed: besides the ruins of other rich work, a goodly Library furnished by Mathias Corvinus King of Hungary. But at his being there it was not in the glory that it had been: and not long after was for the most part utterly wasted by the inhuman Turks. It is commonly called Offen: and is thought by some to be the same with Curta in Ptolemies descriptions.   map of Hungary 
THE MAPE OF HUNGARI newly augmented by john Speed Ano Dom: 1626.  
(13) Dacia is on the East of Hungary, and is divided on the North from Sarmatia by the Carpathian mountains; on the South from Greece with Haemu●; and on the East reacheth the Pontus Euxinus. The first Inhabitants were the Masii of As●a. Afterward the Daci, or (as Strabe calls them,) the Dari, a Nation of so slavish a disposition, that the Athenians brought them into a Proverb: and in their Comedies presented their Sycophants, under no other name then Dari. The Country is fruitful and enriched with Mines: their horses are very comely, and their manes so long, that they touch the ground. Their last King before it was made a Province to the Romans was Decebalus, who (as Dion delivers it) affrighted the Emperor from an assault which he intended, with an incredible number of stakes, stuck up in battle array, and attired in his Soldiers old habits. A wooden shift it was, but served him for the present: yet after, he was vanquished by Traian; and being sunk (by the fortune of war) below the hope of recovering his Kingdom, fell upon his own sword. It is now divided into (1) Transylvania (●) Moldavia. (3) Walacbia. (4) Servia. (5) Rascia. (6) Bulgaria. (7) Bosnia.  
(14) Transylvania is the Province of Dacia, and was itself called Dacia mediterranea & Ripensis Dacia. Since Transylvania, because it was compassed with woods: and septem Castra from her seven Castles of defence upon the Frontiers, built by the Saxons, who questionless gave her the Germane name Sibenburgen, which she yet keeps as a remembrance of her residence in these parts. The Country is populous and fertile: It breeds fair and fierce horses, wild bulls: Indeed their men in some parts are not very tame. Toward the North in the Province Za●culcia they live most upon the spoil, maintaining continual wars with the Turks and Germans, and acknowledge no difference of worth or degrees among themselves. Their government or rather want of government is compared to the Helvetian. Three places they have, Hisdy, Corbay, and Scepsy, whither they resort to determine of their State business. The chief Towns of Transilvania are Harmenstad, Alba julia, or Weisenburg, Clansenburg, Schlesburg, Millenbachium, Corona, or Cronstant.  
(15) Moldavia lieth in the North of Transylvania, and reacheth as far as the Euxine Sea: on the West it hath part of Ruthenia. This Country hath been by course in the several possessions of the Emperor of Germany, the King of Poland, and sometimes the Turk, thereafter as it was cast by chance of war. It was a Vayvodate, and her chief Cities Occazonia, Fuchiana, and Falezing. To this Moldavia belongs the Country of the Bessi, mentioned by Ovid in his 6. de Tristibus.  
Vivere quam miserum est inter Bessosque Getasque!  
They were a people of Thrace not far from Pontus who lived most by theft and pillage, and after possessed the Mountain Hamus, and a part which lies betwixt it and Lituania, and from the Inhabitants bears the name of Bessaralia. The principal Towns are Kilim, and Chermen. This last is the seat of the Turkish Sanziacke: for the whole Province became subject to his tyranny in the year 1485.  
(16) Walachia is supposed rather to have been first named Flaccia, by the Roman Flac●us, who placed here a Colony, which have continued the Latin tongue to this day among the Inhabitants, though in a corrupt idiom, such as can hardly be understood. near to this, over the River Danubius, stands Pons Traianus built by the Emperor Traianus Nervaza work worth admiration, as appears by those ruinous parcels which are yet standing. It hath puzzled the best Artificers to find out how such a vast foundation could be framed in so deep and fierce a stream, which could not be turned into any other course to give way to the building. The Country abounds with good commodities, Gold, Silver, and Iron, Salt-Pits, Wine, Cattell, and excellent great Horses. The chief Cities are Sabinivus, Prailaba and Tergoresta.  
(17) Servia lies divided from Hungari● and Rascia, with the River Savus on her North, and Bosnia on her West. It was the seat of the ancient Triballi, who met with Philip King of Macedonia, and took from him the spoils which he had brought from Mateas King of the Sarmatians. It was it seems but a barbarous people, and therefore Aristophanes in one of his Comedies among his mock-gods names Marathane-triballos. Her chief Cities are (1) Taurunum, which Pliny placeth in the utmost bounds of Pannonia. It is commonly known by the name of Belgard and Alba Graeca. It is not so great as glorious: nor is it fortified so much with walls as Rivers. It lieth open for a siege only one way: which the Turk often attempted, and reckoned with great loss: yet at last in the year one thousand five hundred twenty one it gave up to Solyman, and became a Province to his Empire. It stands near where the Rivers Danubius and Savus are dissevered: and is the Town which the Hungarians report to have been once delivered by the admirable industry of joannes Capistranus a Franciscan, who is much honoured for the action, by those of his own Society: But joannes Huniades that great Soldier and terror to the Turk challengeth the glory as his peculiar Vadianus. (2) Samandria, and (3) St●nib●rg.  
(18) Rascia is on the North of Danubius, where it parts with the River Sa●m, and lieth betwixt Servia and Bulgaria. In her chief City Boden there is kept a Fair once every year: and much people resort for interchange of commodities from most Countries thereabout.  
(19) Bulgaria some what North-east from Rascia, and is bounded with Danubius upon the South. Theophylact was here Bishop, and was called Bulgarius: Near this is the City Tom●s, where Ovid lived in Banishment, as himself mentioneth in his 3. de Tristibus. The principal cities at this present are (1) Sophia, the seat of the Beylerbeg of Greece. And (2) Nicopolis. The ornament of their Kings was Imperial, a crown of gold, attire of silk and red shoes. Their title 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a term allowed by the Greek Emperors, to those only, which might wear this habit, the rest they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, as much as Reges.  
(20) Bosnia on the West of Servia, and South of the River Savus, had her name from the Bossi or Bessi, the people of Bulgaria: within the memory almost of our Fathers it was governed by Kings, and as yet retains the title of the Kingdom of Bosnia. The chief Towns are Cuzachium and jaziga: the first is the place of residency, and the second of burial for the Bosnian Kings. Heretofore the City Sinderoria had that honour, which some suppose to be the same that was once called Dardanum.   

The Description of the Kingdom of Denmark  
THe Kingdom of Denmark strikes into the Sea, upon the North of Germany, as Italy on the South: the manner of both is not much unlike: and the glory of this heretofore was not inferior. For how ever in this latter ages, the pride of Rome hath pranked up her Territories in gay apparel: yet the day was, when both she and they stooped to the Inhabitants of this Country, though then known by another name of Cimbria Chersonesus. Three Roman Consuls, Manilius, Sillanus, and Cepio fell by their sword: and the Empire itself (it seems) was in a shrewd hazard, when their own Historian reports, that Actum esset de imperio, nisi illi saeculo Marius contigisset.  
(2) The people were then and had been from their beginning the Cimbri, a Progeny of Gomer, first son of japheth; who before they removed into this quarter of the world, dwelled in the inner Asia, near the strait which passeth from the Pontus Euxinus to the Palus Maotis: there we yet find the Bosphorus Cimmericus in Ptolemy, which took name from the Cimmerii: for so they were called at large, and by contraction Cimbri.  
(3) From thence they were in time disturbed by the Scythians, and forced to seek them a new seat for their habitation, which (after long travel) here they found fittest for their security, as being a Peninsula fenced almost round with Seas, from the force of all foreign Enemies: Yet here too they met at last with a worse danger, which they could less resist. For the main Ocean broke into a great part of the Country: displaced many of their Colonies, and sent them Petitioners to Rome for a dwelling within her Dominions: but their entreaty being with some neglect denied; it kindled the sparks, which to this time had lain (as it were) dead in a dejected Nation, and now they broke out into flames, which stirred them to require that by force of Arms, which they could not request by submissive Oratory.  
(4) Hence grew their first quarrel with the Romans, which they put on with that courage, and success, that they were emboldened at last to assault the very City, with so strong Forces, that the glory of it began to shake, and had shattered to pieces, had not the victory followed rather the fortune of one Marius then the valour of the whole Roman Legions: and that too (as some relate it) was bought of his heathenish gods at a dear rate, by the bloody sacrifice of his own Daughter. The great and most memorable Encounter was six hundred and forty years after the City was built, about an hundred and eleven before Christ. And then indeed they received (in a manner) a fatal Crush, which quelled them for the present: yet not so, but that in after ages, they recovered strength and fame: spread their victories over the most part of Europe: and left their name (for many years since that) in Italy itself.  
(5) For without doubt those Cimmerii mentioned by Strabo, which lived on the North side of the Apennine Mountains near Boianum, were of this stock, and of that note, as the gave occasion for many Proverbs and Fables to both Greek and Latin Poets. It was a people which belike seldom saw Sun, but lurked for the most part under ground, lived upon theft, and issued forth only in the night, a season most fit for deeds of Darkness: and so was their whole course, which caused our well known Adage of tenebrae Cimmeriae pro denscssimâ caligine. Their horrid dens, and dismal Rivers, which ran by the place of their abode, bred at length a terror in the silly Heathens, and was esteemed by them, the passage down to their Elysium. So Homer gives it in the second of his Odysseys, and Virgil in his sixth of the Aeneidos: and h●re did Naso feign his house of sleep, Metamorph. 11.  
Est propè Cimmerios longo sp●lunca racessu  
Mons Carus, ignavi domus & penitralia Somni.  
(6) Thus was their Original and progress for the first age, whilst it continued in the possession of the Cimmerians. The next which succeeded were the Saxons, a people no less famous: but since their Story hath been elsewhere remembered in our other Descriptions, it must give place here to the third Invader the Danes, who whilst the Saxons were employed with us here in the Conquest of England, start out of those p●tty Isles in the Sinus Codanus, and took up their room in this Peninsula. There they have continued to this day: and added other Territories to their Dominions: so that the then Cimbria Cbersonesus is but a parcel of the now Kingdom of Denmark, (as shall appear when we come to her division) and that only which in our latter times is called juitland and runs Northward in form almost of a Hounds tongue into the Baltic Ocean.  
(7) The Danes (like enough) were at first one Nation with the Cimbri, but being together expulsed by the Scythians from their native soil, they were severally dispersed, though not at any great distance. These settled themselves in the Northern ●l●s, as the other did in their Chersonesus. The first (at their removal) varied not their antique name of Cimbri: As for Chersonesus it is no● peculiar to this Country, being as common as Peninsula: for it imports no more 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à terrâ & Insulâ: and of these there are many more, some perhaps of equal ●ame. Taurica Chersonesus was not far distant from the place of their first abode; Peloponnesus well known in Greece, Thracia Chersonesus in Thrace: and Aurea Chersonesus in India.  
(8) But the Danes it seems suffered some change as well in their name as fortunes. Sxao Grammaticus gives it to one Dan the son of Huniblus, which was their first Governor in their new Commonwealth. But this is controlled by Becanus (saith Quade) who renders another Etymon, how likely I leave to those, which can best judge by their skill in the Danish Language. The Cimbri (saith he) when they were grown to great multitudes, bethought themselves of several names to distinguish their Colonies: Each following their own conceit best to express the quality, in which they most gloried. Among the rest some there were which affecting at least the opinion of a valiant people, such as scorned riches without honour, honour without victory, and victory without the blood of their Enemies: assumed their name from that creature, which Nature had marked out with this Character. Gallum igitur gallinaceum, tum bellicae la●dis, et generosissimi animi, tum indolis regalis et militis strenui, et ad omnia m●menta vigilis optimum exemplar, ut pro Symbolo et synthemate quodam sibi acceperunt, ita nomen quoque ab eo placuit mutuari; Vocarunt enim sese Dic Hanem et composite per concisionem Danem quod Gallinaceum significat.  
(9) How ever the Etymon may be far fetched, for aught I know, yet doubtless at this day they make good the Elegy of a valiant and warlike Nation: strong of body, big boned, and of a terrible countenance, ambitious of a glorious death, rather than a sluggish idle life. It is the saying of Valerius Maximus Cimbros et C●ltiberos in acie gaud●o exultare consuevisse, tanquam gloriosè et faelici èr vitâ excessuros: lamentari verò in morbo, quasi turpitèr peritur●s. We ourselves heretofore have felt their strokes, and submitted to their conquests in the time of Osbert King of Northumberland. They were provoked by a rape done upon the sister of the Danish King: For which the poor English dear paid, with two hundred fifty five years' servitude under their Tyranny. Yet since we have had, and at this time do enjoy the benefit of their magnanimity, under the personal conduct of the right valiant and illustrious King Christian, who hazards both his state and life in the behalf of his dear niece Elizabeth, and her royal husband the Prince Palatine of the Rhine.   map of Denmark 
THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK augmented by john Speed & are to be sold in pops head Alley by G. Humble  
(11) Their chief person of fame in course of Learning, was Tycho Brahe, an excellent Mathematician: memorable for his artificial Tower in the Isle of Fi●●ra. In Religion the greatest part of them are now Lutherans, but were first converted to Christianity by Ansuerus.  
(12) We are come to her division, which the Sea almost hath made to our hands. For her several Provinces are well nigh so many Lands at least Peninsulae. The chief are (1) juttia, or the old Cimbria Chersonesus. (2) Diethmarsia (3) Scania. (4) Hall●ndia. (5) Blescide. (6) The Lands in the Sinus Codanu●, which lie betwixt juttia and Scania: That is the West, and this the East limits of the Danish Dominions, North and South are the Ocean and the River Esdora or Hever.  
(13) juttia as it was the first, so is it the principal part of this Kingdom: Her bounds, upon the West, and East, and North, are the Baltic Seas; and upon the South, it is joined to Holsatia and the Istumes of Diethmarsia. It is in length, saith Maginus, eighty Germane miles from the River Albis to the Cimbricke Promontory called Scagen, and in breadth twenty. It is a fruitful Region, for Wheat, Rye, Barley, etc. And in the Northwest there is good Pasture, though more Northward it becomes sandy and barren, and puts the Inhabitants to fish for their victuals, by which they make a shift to live, though hardly enough God knows, in poor sh●ddes slightly clapped together, and of as slender stuff, such as if need be they can remove at their pleasure upon very short warning, and bear them away almost upon their back. They transport into other Country's great store of good Horses, for service, besides Barley, Cheese, Butter, Suet, Hides, and rich Skins, Nuts and Fish. In this Province are twenty eight Cities, twenty Castles, and four Bishop-Sees: Ripe●sis, Arthusiensis, and Aelburga, all near to the Seaside, Wilburga in the upland Country. From this Province came the juits, who joined in with the Saxons and Angles to Conquer England. Her chief Towns as Rincopen, Holne, and Achausen.  
(14) Diethmarsia is situated betwixt the Rivers Albis and Eidera. They were a parcel of the old Germane Saxons: and the Country itself is by some yet reckoned the lower Saxony: but is in subjection to the King of Denmark: for it is the seat and title of his first son and heir apparent, as the Dolphinate is to the son of France, and Wales to the son of England. Her Metropolis is Breme: the rest Meldorpe, and Heininckst, & Tellinckst, and other rich Towns: yet the soil cannot be very fertile, by reason of the moist air and her many marshes, especially toward the North, which makes it unfit for tillage, and indeed impassable for travellers: Upon which impediments the Inhabitants have made this advantage to keep out all foreign Invaders, and appropriate what wealth they have to their own secure possession.  
(15) Scania or Scandinaria, in the largest compass, comprehends more than belongs to the Kingdom of Denmark: and is environed round about with the Seas, except on that side where it is joined to Muscovie. On her West is the Kingdom of Norwey, on her East Swethland, and upon the South of that, is this Scania, which gives place to no Region (at least within these Dominions) either for wholesome air, or fertile soil, for commodious Havens, and plenty of Merchandise; for dainty Rivers or store of Fish, for cattle, Mines of Iron, Led, Silver and Gold, fair Towns and civil Customs. The Metropolis is Lunpis. This whole Province is some eighteen miles in length, and in breadth about twelve in some places: in others not above six.  
(16) Hallaudia on the North of Scania, and South of S●ecia, is bounded with the Seas upon the West, and on the East with vast woods, which divide her from Gothland. It is a fertile Region, and not much unlike unto Scandia, but that it comes some what short of her happiness in soil. Her chief Town is Hallans●e.  
(17) Blescida or Blicker is bounded on the East and South with the Baltic Ocean, and on the North is parted from Scania by a little patch of the Sea. It is a Region full of Rocks, Woods, and Mountains. Her chief City and Castle is Culmaria, a strong defence against the Swethlander: and the next Town of note, is Malmogia, the birthplace of Casparus Bartholinus a late approved Writer in the Arts.  
(18) In the Sinus Codanus near to the Cimbria Chersonesus, there are numbered 35. Lands. The chief are (1) Zealand, in length 64. miles, in breadth 52. it contains in it 13. Cities, 7. Castles, with divers pretty towns and villages. The Metropolis is Haffnia, the single University within the King of Denmark's government. And here is his chief place of residency, which by the Germans is called Koppenhagen, the Merchant's haven. Her other Towns are Roschilt a Bish. See, and heretofore a stung Fortress, well furnished for war, and honoured with the Sepulchers of some of their Kings: but yet it is now at a lower ebb, and of little respect. Elsnor or Helsinura is a Sea-Towne. That in Helsinura is called Croneburgh, well furnished with all provision. The other in Scania Helsinburgh of equal strength, to cause the best Ship to cast Anchor and satisfy their King, before they shall have the way open out of the Baltic into the Ocean.  
(19) (2) Fionia or Firnera is second to Zealand both in bigness and plenty of rich Commodities. It is in length 12. miles, and 4. in breadth. A pleasant Region, fertile and fruitful. Here are in this Island ●. Cities: the chief is Ottonium, Odensch or Oesell, in the very middle almost. It was a Bishop See, well built, but ill fenced: for it hath been oft times wasted and burnt by the Enemy. The other Towns are upon the Sea-coast, and their names are Neburgh, Sinborch, Feborgh, Asc●ns, Eorgena, Middlefar and K●rtemunde: besides some Castles, many villages and Nobleman's houses.  
(20) (3) Laglant 7. miles in length, and hath in it many villages and fair buildings. The City Rutheopinga, and the Castle Trancura. (4) Loilant near Seelant. It is so full of Hazels, that they fraught Ships with Nuts and traffic for them into many other Countries. It hath 5. Towns, Nistad, Nasco, Togrop, Rothus, and Marilus, with some strong Castles, pretty villages and Nobleman's houses. (5) Falsteria in length four miles. Her Cities are Stubecopen & Nicopen a pleasant and a fair one, for which she is by some styled the Neopolis of Denmark. (6) M●na or M●●n. In this is the City Stecke and Elmelanda. (7) Femera or Femeren. Her chief Cities are Derborch, and Petersborn, and Stabull: and here is the Castle Vraniburgh, built by the great Mathematician Tycho Brahe, which besides the fame of its own artificial structure, is much celebrated, for the admirable instruments, which are there kept, whereby the particular motion of the Heavens is excellently observed.  
(21) (8) And to this Kingdom belongs the Island Boruh●lme, which lies in the Baltic Seas, called more particularly Mare Su●vicum, betwixt Blicker and Pomerama. It is a Region of excellent Pasture, and feeds abundance of cattle: and therefore is full of Butter, Cheese, Wool, Hides, etc. and sends into other Countries much of their provision for victuals, powdered and barrelled up for the longer keeping. It hath some well peopled Towns: the chief is Bor●holme. It had lain for fifty years together in pawn to the State of Lubeck; but was redeemed by Frederick the second.  
(22) From these and those many other Northern Lands there have issued in several ages an innumerable sort of Nations, which like so many birds, as Maginus calls them, have flown over the greatest part of our Christian world. He concludes that ex his Insulis olim, Gothi, Ostrogothi, Vestrogothi, Vandali, Franci, Cimbri, Gepidae, Dani, Hunni, Suedi, Herculi, Rugi, Alani, Longobardi, Alemani, & alii plures, Danubio & Rheno superatis, omnem Europam, & praes●rtim, ipsam Italiam, altricem imperii & dominam 400. et plus annis perpetuâ quadam regionum successione subiugarunt, as Romani nominis gloriam ferè omnem exti●xerunt.   

The Description of POLAND.  
THE Kingdom of Poland borders upon the East side of Germany, and indeed as far as the River Vistula, it is accounted a part of the Empire: and useth the same speech, Religions and Customs as the other Territories, admitting only that variety, which all of them have among themselves: and must needs be found in so large compass, governed by so many several free Princes. Beyond the River as it shrinks from the seat of Christianity, so it begins to degenerate into a kind of Heathenish rudeness, which favours of their predecessors.  
(2) For this Tract is a part of Sarmatia Europaea, and the first Inhabitants were the Sauromatae a Scythian people, as well for barbarism as by name. It was next possessed by the Vandals, an active Nation, of whom we have had some inkling at least, almost in every place which we have passed. For they have spread their victories through Europe, and have left either name or story behind them in Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Thrace, and where not? Their most received pedigree is from Vandalus (wh●m Tacitus remembers) the Tuscan King, of the progeny of Tuisco first founder of the Germans. Yet Munster in his cosmography mentions a pr●tty conjecture of some well wishers, it seems (perhaps to their own Country) which give the original of their name of Vandals to one Vanda, a Queen of Poland.  
(3) Briefly, were the Vandals natives or were they invaders; here they were found, and ejected by the Sclavonians, and these were the third Inhabitants of Polonia. She was over run at the same time, and had the same fortune with Bohemia: they were both lost to their old Lords, and divided betwixt the two runagate brothers of Croatia, Zechius and Lechius, who being forced (for a murder) out of their own soil, brought on their crew into these parts, about the year 550. and here have continued (in their posterity) to this day. They are as yet remembered in the very names of the people. For the Bohemians in their proper language call themselves Zechians, and in the great- Poland there is still extant a Territory, known by the title of Regnum Lechitorum.  
() Her Etymon signifieth no other, than the sight of the Country, as the Sclavonians first descried it. For it was a Champion or plain field, and so is Pole-land interpreted out of the Sclavonish tongue. It was before called Sarmatia, and the people Sauromatae, ab oculis Lacertarum, Lizzards eyes, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a property (it seems) which gave name to all her Nations. For this was divided from another Sarmatia by the River Tanais: that on the one side was Asiatica, for the most part wild, heathenish Idolaters, and in the farthest parts of Scythia some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: this other is Europaea, which being joined with some parts of Germany Westward to the River Odera, Silesia, & Moravia make up the Kingdom of Polonia, as it is here described.  
(5) The bounds then of this great Region are on the West the River Odera, Silesia, and Moravia: on the East the River Neiper, which Ptol●my calleth Boristhenes: on the North Pomerania, or rather the Baltic Ocean, and on the South Russia and the Mountains of Hungary. And if we will with Maginus take in the out Provinces which belong to this government, we must reach Eastward the Tartars and Muscovites, that live near on the other side of Boristhenes: and Northeastward part of Moscovia, Southward the Hungarian Mountains, and the Vallacci: in so much that the compass would come little short of all Spain, as it lieth beyond the Pyrenaean.  
(6) The principal Rivers of Poland are (1) Vist●la, it hath its rise in the Carpathian Mountains, which divide this Kingdom from Hungary, and itself runs into the Baltic, but by the way takes in divers other streams, on the West out of the Polonia Germanica, and on the East out of the Sarmatica. It is navigable 400. miles. () Neister which hath her fountains in the hills of Hungary, and glides Eastward, on the South of Podolia, into the Pontus Euxinus. (3) Neipher or Boristhenes, which bounds the Kingdom on the East is navigable 600. stadia, and runs from North to South, into the Pontus Euxinus, where there is naturally cast up plenty of Salt, which needs no art to perfect it. (4) Rubin in Lituania. (5) Hypanis, now Bugh, not far distant from the City Oleska, and falls at last into the River Vistula; with many others of lesser note, though all conduce to make the Country in some kinds very fertile.  
(7) For it abounds with most sorts of Corn and Pulse, sufficient both for their own spending, and continual traffic into other Countries. Many of her neighbouring Regions could not well miss her plenty, as well of Wheat, Rye, and Barley, as Beefs and other Cattle, which give supply to Saxony, and the rest of Germany near hand, which hardly yield enough for their Inhabitants out of their own store. The blessing of this fertility cannot come alone: but must needs bring with it the l●ke riches of Butter, Cheese, Milk, Wax, Honey, and what ever else hath its birth from the ground. It is well-nigh past belief which is reported of their multitudes of Bees, such as yield more Honey and Wax, than the people can find room for: They need here neither art, nor care of the good huswife to order their hives, but naturally are their own Guardians, and provide so diligently for their own safety within the bulks of trees, that they easily pass over the hardest Winter without hurt. There is store of game, both for hunting, fowling, and fishing. In her Forests is seen a kind of wild Horse with an horn like an Hearts, and the Alces, etc. Lastly, among other good commodities, the worst is not her Pitch and Rosin, which yield her a large annual revenue.  
(8) Her chief wants proceed from her bleak situation: For it is a plain Country, and shadowed for the most part with Woods; very cold, and by that means she hath little Oil, and scarce Grapes enough to teach them the use of Wine. A great defect amongst so good drinkers: for they have a name for that equal with any part of Germany: and that I think gives no ground to the rest of Europe: But they make a shift to find themselves play with a kind of Metheglin. Gold or Silver here is not much, unless about Cracovia: and (as Maginus saith) in Sandomica, wh●re there are likewise some Mines found of the Lapis Lazulus, perfect L●ade, and Iron, and pieces of Copper. near the Towns of Nochow, and Palukie, there is extant a kind of miracle, a certain earth naturally form up into pots, which if you take forth and dry, they differ very little by sight from such as are made by hand, and serve aptly for the same use.   map of Poland 
A. NEW. MAPE of POLAND Done into English by I. Speed  
(10) They have a good mind to Religion, but cannot fasten upon any one to their liking; and therefore they will try all Christians, they have been ever since the year 965. but from that time, they have scarce slipped any error, schism, or heresy, which hath crept into the Church. Here are Jesuits, and others of the Romish sects. Here are Lutherans & Calvinists, and Arians, and Anabaptists, and Antitrinitarians: none allowed, but all tolerated: and indeed Poland had the seniority of Amsterdame for that old saying: That if a man had lost his Religion, here he might find it. They have one ancient custom in their Churches which me thinks may well interpret our standing up at rehearsal of the Creed: when the Gospel is reading, the Nobility & Gentry unsheathe their swords, and stand as it were prepared to defend it with their lives against any which dare violate it.  
(11) Their King is chosen by the general States, and is for the most part some great warrior of their neighbouring Princes: For they have no peace on their East limit, with Muscoves and Tartars, but what they make with the sword. The Laws are only temporary statutes, there are none fundamental: But when the King hath any great design in behalf of the Commonwealth, he assembles a Council of the Nobility to assist him. His revenues coming in, are thought to be about six hundred thousand Crowns: And each quarter of his Kingdom, maintains his expense for one quarter of the year. Their first King was Boleslaus, Crowned by Otho 3 in the year, 1001. But the regal dignity was lost again to Boleslaus the bold, who began his reign 1078. but was deposed by the Pope, and no other suffered to take up the Sceptre and rule by the name of King, till the year 1295. The first of the second course was Primaslaus the second Duke of Poland and Pomerania: Since whose time there hath been no breach to this day.  
(12) The chief Provinces of the Kingdom of Poland as they lie from her West to East are: (1) Pomerania. (2) The Dukedoms of Ozwitts and Zator. (3) Polonia. (4) Prussia. (5) Russia nigra. (6) Samogitia. (7) Massoria. (8) Livonia. (9) Podlassia. (10) Lituania. (11) Volhinia. (12) Podolia.  
(13) The first is Pomerania, bounded on the North with the Baltic Ocean, on the West with Germany: and is accounted by some a Province of the Empire, as we have ordered in our description. But in regard the greatest part is subject to the King of Poland, I hope I shall wrong neither to give both their due, and reckon it as well to this government, since it hath an equal, if not a greater title, to the rule, though not to the Inhabitants: for they are most Germane. It is a plain Country, but exceeding fertile and rich in all Commodities, which any other part affords: flourisheth with forty Cities, which are fenced round either with the Sea, or ditches answerable for safety. Her chief stands upon the shore: for it is by nature so well guarded from the violence of the Sea, that they need fear no inundation: but yet have a very easy and secure entrance for ships. Along the Coast stand Colberg, Camin, Coslin, Gribswald, etc. In the upland Stetinum the Metropolis, Newgard, Lamburge, etc. The people were harsh persecutors of the Church of Christ till the year 1122. (:) The two Dukedoms of Ozwittes and Zator by Silesia in the West bounds of this Kingdom. They were heretofore sui juris: But now belongs to this government; The first since the year 1454. in the time of Cas●mirus: and the last was brought under by Sigismond the first about an hundred years after. (3)  
(14) Polonia is divided iuto the greater and l●ss●. The greater Poland is more Northern, and joins upon Pomerania and Prussia. It was therefore called the greater, because here Lechius first planted himself and built the City Guesna, which was the regal seat till it was translated to Cracovia in the lesser Poland 1320. yet at this day is her Archbishop Primate of the Kingdom: during an interregnum hath the power of a Prince: and Crowns the new King at his inauguration. Polonia the less is more Southern, lies hard upon Russia and Hungary. It is now esteemed the more noble part of this Province: For here stands the Metropolis Cra●ovia on the banks of Vistula and Lublin, and other of the best note in Poland. (4)  
(15) Prussia Spruce on the East of Pomerania, hath the Baltic Seas on the North, and Massoria on the South: and on her own East Lituania. It is now a Dukedom, and contains Cities of note, Dantzke, where Ke●kerman professed, and Mons Regius Regimont: Maneburg, Heilsperge, Culne, &c Her chief Commodities is leather much used heretofore to make jerkins, where none more brave than the younger, that could compass a leather jerkin. Here is likewise great store of Amber, a juice growing like Corroll in a mountain of the North Sea, which is clean covered with water, and cast up by violence of the waves into their Havens. (5) Russia nigra on the East and South of Poland the less, and the North of Hungary, and West of Podolia, had her name as some suppose first Ruthenia and Russia, which in the Ruthen tongue signifies no other than a dispersed Nation: For so were the Russians through all Sarmatia, Europaea, & part of the Asiatike from the frozen Ocean to the Mediterranean, & the Sinus Adriaticus, and the Pontus Euxinus, and the Mare Balticum, all that used the Sclavonian tongue, and professed Christ after the manner of the greeks were called Russi and Rutheni. But the Province here meant is only the South tract, as much as belongs to the King of Poland, and is called Nigra to distinguish it from Moscovia or Russia Alba. The people are valiant and in their fights use weapons of exceeding weight and bigness. Her Prince is entitled Duke: the name of King they will not endure. This Province contains the territories Leopoliensis, with her chief City Leopolis. Lunt-burg, a fair Town, and an Archbishops See: And the territories Haliciensis, Belzensis, Praemisliensis, etc. (6)  
(16) Samogitia toward the North, and her West hath the Sinus Balticus: North-East Livonia. It is in length fifty miles, very cold, compassed in with Woods and Rivers. Her principal Town is Camia: But not that nor any other is very famous for Lordly buildings: the fairest are but sheds in respect of other Countries: The Peasants are truly so indeed. For they reckon themselves but little better than their cattle: live under the same roof with them, without any partition or nice loathing of their nastiness: a life fit enough for such a people; for they are yet most of them gross Idolaters: and are oft times met in their Woods with horrid visions: and are strangely cozened by the Devil with a belief that they can Prophecy. The silly blasphemers nourish in their house a poor snake (like themselves) gathered out of some ditch, and call it their God, worship it with great fear & reverence, and sacrifice once in a year 1. Octob. to their devil, but by the name of their God Ziem enike. The better sort are Christians of a comely portraiture, and good feature, valiant and ready to take Arms when occasion calls them. Their greatest plenty is of Honey, which they gather ready made to their hands in their hollow trees. (7)  
(17) Massoria on the South of Prussia, and North of Polonia, and Russia, and the East of either Poland, West of Lituania: She had her name from a former Duke, which was ejected by Casimirus, where it had a peculiar Prince of its own, it belonged to the second son of the Kings of Poland: but in the year 1526. after the untimely death of john and Starislaus, heirs to this state it became a peculiar to the Crown of Poland. Her chief City is Marscoria, which hath many under her: all use the same speech and Customs, with the other Polonians. (8) Livonia, to the North bounded with Finlan, on the South with Lituania, on the West with the Baltike Sea, and on the East with Mos●ovie. It is a large Province, carries in breadth, one hundred and sixty miles, and in length, five hundred. It is Penny and Woody: but yet hath Corn and Fruit plenty, Cattle good store, wild and tame, especially Horses. They have Honey, Wax, etc. enough to exchange with other Countries for Wine and Oil: For this yields little or none. It became Christian, one thousand two hundred. Her chief Towns are Riga, Rivalia, Derpe, and Venda. About some twelve miles from the Continent is the I'll of Osel. (9)  
(18) Podlussia on the East of Masoria, and West of Lituania, was joined to Poland, one thousand five hundred sixty nine. The Inhabitants are Massorites, Russians, and Polands. Her chief towns are Titocksin, a Fort where the King's treasure is kept, Beisco, and Russiu. In this the King hath a fair Court, furnished magnificently, both for state and pleasure. (10) Lituania, on the East of Poland, and South of Livonia, on the West of Moscovia, and North of Podolia. The Air is very unnatural, and by that means the creatures there of every kind are very small, and their wants great of Corn, Wine, Salt, etc. The people are of a slavish disposition, and live thereafter po●re and basely. The women have a freedom by custom to keep many Stallions, which their Husband's love as themselves, and call them their adjutories. But the men may by no means play false. Their condemned persons (be it to death) must execute themselves, or be tormented till they expire. They became Christians, such as they are, one thousand three hundred eighty six. The principal Cities are Vilna, Vilkomire, and Brestia, and Norigredum, a City by report larger than Rome.  
(19) (11) Volhinia lieth betwixt Lituania, Podolia▪ and Russia, a plentiful Region, and breeds hardy Soldiers. They live as Russians, use the same speech and Customs. Her chief Towns are, Kioria, and Lircassia, upon the edge of Boristhenes. (12) Podolia is on the South of Lituania, East of Poland: and North of the River Neister or Boristhenes, as it runs from his head to the Pontus Euximus, & on the West of Russia. It affords great plenty it seems; three Harvests (they say) of one sowing. It is pity (saith Vadianus) it should be left Desert, as in a manner it is, unless here and there a Village. Her chief is Camiensen, the only one, able to return the Turk and Tartars with the loss, as it hath oftentimes done. The rest are not many, and those but weakly peopled. For the often incursions of the Tartars; their speedy Horse, to ride a great compass in a little time; their breach of faith, upon terms of composition: and their cruelty when they have got a victory, causeth the Inhabitants of those parts, to fly them at a great distance, and leave their Land waste: since they dare not trust their peace, nor are able to withstand their war.   

The Description of the Kingdom of PERSIA.  
THis Empire was one of the first, and most potent in the Eastern world: and though since in several ages, she hath felt the variety of fortunes, to which all Kingdoms are subject, and been forced to deliver up her glory to the succeeding Monarchies of the Macedonians, Parthians, Turks, and Saracens; yet now at last is she recovered to her own height and greatness, and the name of Persia reacheth farther than ever, if we take in (as most Geographers do) the Regions of Media, Assyria, and the rest; which were heretofore the seats of several illustrious Kingdoms.  
(2) Surely the first which inhabited any part of this compass, were the Medes, a people of great antiquity, who reach both their original and name from Madai the son of japheth: for it was not long after the Flood, that they were subdued by Ninus King of the Assyrians: one and tother, Media I mean and Assyria, though then they had apart their peculiar governments, yet both were but a parcel of this Country, which is now known by the name of Persia.  
(3) To Ninus and his successors they continued faithful for many years, till the effeminate weakness of Sardanapalus gave opportunity to the ambition of Belochus governor of Babylon, and Arbaces of Media to divide his Empire betwixt them, which they did in the year of the world three thousand one hundred forty six: and then began the Monarchy of the Medes, which spread itself through the greatest part of Asia; and (for above two hundred years) gathered strength, till the time of Astyages, who dreamt himself out of his Empire, as justine relates the story.  
(4) Persia proprie dicta, from whence this whole Country at last took name, was at this time but an obscure Kingdom in respect of what now it is, & tributary to the Medes. Her Prince was Cambyses, the father of the great Cyrus, by Mandanes daughter to Astyages: when she was great, and expected the time of her deliverance, her father touched with a perplexed dream, that she made so much water as would drown all Asia, interpreted it, that her issue should be the overthrow of his state; and therefore delivered the child which was born to her, into Harpagus his charge to be destroyed; and he to the King's Herdsman, who (unawares to both) preserved the guiltless infant, so that at last he took revenge upon his cruel Grandfather, and laid a foundation for the Persian Monarchy.  
(5) In this attempt his anger wrought him no farther than his enemy: for he left the government of Media still to Cyaxares the son of Astyages, and afterward married his daughter, joined with him in his conquests, and till his death gave him the pre-eminence of title. They were both engaged in the taking of Babylon, slaughter of Baltazar, and destruction of the Chaldeans: the Scripture gives this victory to Darius Medius, who as most hold, was no other than Cyaxares; and he only named as the principal of the two while he yet lived, though Cyrus had his part in the action, after his uncle's death enjoyed it as his own, and made perfect the Monarchy of the Persians in the year of the world 3046.  
(6) About thirty seven years after the succession was broke, for want of lawful heirs to Cambyses their second King: and therefore their Princes consulted to salute him, whose Horse first neighed at a set meeting upon the Court green, before the Sunrising. Darius Histaspes was one, and by the subtlety of his horsekeeper carried the Crown: for the night before, in the same ground, he had coupled a mare with the horse that his Master should ride, which when the lustful steed miss the next morning, being full of spirit, no sooner had he set footing upon the place, but with much eagerness he snuffed and neighed after his mare, and gave the qwe to the other Princes to proclaim Darius' King of the Persians. This was he whom the Scripture calls Ahasuerus: he was hester's husband.  
(7) Thus is the Empire now settled, and entailed by descent after him to that famous Xerxes, who made war upon Greece, with an incredible Army, joined Asia to Europe with a bridge, and dammed up Hellespont with his Navy; yet was at last vanquished by four thousand at Thermopylae, and after by Themistocles forced to make his flight in a small ●oat toward his own Country, contemned of his subjects, and within a few years slain in his Palace by Artabanus. His immediate successor was Artaxerxes Longimanus, who sent the Prophet Esdras to re-edify the Temple, and so on to Darius the last Persian of that course, who was oft vanquished by Alexander the great, and left the Monarchy of the world to the Macedonians: After the death of their victorious Captain, it was divided among many of the most potent Princes of Greece.  
(8) But when the Persians saw the force of their enemy thus severed, they began to conceive a hope of recovering their liberty; and so they did indeed under the conduct and command of the Parthian Arsaces, but found themselves little bettered in their condition, as being now become new slaves to a more harsh tyrant: and therefore in the year two hundred twenty eight after the Incarnation, they made a second attempt to quit themselves from the Parthians: they took their time, when their masters were sore afflicted with a strong enemy from Rome, which had broke their forces to their hands; so that by the admirable prowess of another Artaxerxes, they made good their Conquest upon the Parthian, and adventured so far with the Romans themselves, that their name began to grow terrible and the Emperor Constantine forced to fortify his Provinces, which lay toward the East, and this might be some cause too, why he removed his seat to Constantinopolis.  
(9) After this it fell into the hands of the Saracenicall Caliphs', in the year six hundred thirty four, and to the Turks in the year one hundred thirty, next to the Tartars, and so again to the Parthians, by the help of Gempsas, who redeemed both his own, and this from the Tartarian; and briefly after many turns, it became the possession of Ishmael sophy of Persia, whose race continues it to this day.  
(10) The bounds of this Empire on the North are the Caspian Sea, and the River Oxus; on the South the Sinus Persicus, and the Mare Indicum heretofore called Rubrum: on the West the Turkish confines, as far as the River Tigris, and the lake Giocho: on the East the River Indus, and the Kingdom of Cambaia a spacious land it is, and contains from East to West 38. degrees, and about 20. from the North to South.  
(11) This variety of distance in respect of the Heavens, must needs cause as much difference in the qualities of her several Regions: In some places there is that fertility, which makes her equal to any part of Asia: in others again she is so barren, unfruitful, and unprofitable, that the land is left waste, as being not able to nourish an Inhabitant. Oramaritima (saith Quadus) aestuosa est ac ventosa, & fructuum inops, praeterquam palmarum, mediterranea regio Campestris est & omnium ferax, pecorumque optima nutrix, fluminibus et lacubus plena. Maxim autem suppeditat Araxes plurimas commoditates. It abounds much with metals, and stones of great price.   map of Persia 
THE SEMIDOME OF PERSIA with the chief Cities and Habits described. by john Speed  
(13) Their Philosophers were called Magis, and studied principally the art of foretelling things to come; from whence we have our term of Magic: and usurp the word only in the worse sense, whereas (questionless) it was no other with them, than the Greeks Philosophy, Philosophi, or Sapientes with the Latins: for it is by most thought that such were those good Magis, which came from the East to worship Christ: and Saint chrysostom directly names Persia to be that East from whence they were led by the star.  
(14) They have now put off most of their antique barbabarisme, and are become good politicians, excellent warriors, great scholars, especially in Astrology, Physic, and Poetry. Those which apply themselves to Mechanic trades, are not inferior to any almost in our quarter: they deal most in making of silks, which they send into all the Eastern Countries in great abundance. They are mild and courteous to strangers, yet jealous of their wives, which for the most part are very fair and richly attired; notwithstanding their affection to them usque ad insanam Zelotypiam: yet are they much addicted to that beastly sin of the Turks, and have their stews on purpose, whither they resort without control, or shame. Their Language is elegant, and in use in most of those Eastern Countries. The Christian Religion was once planted here both by Saint Thomas, and Saint Andrew; yet are they now fallen to Mahumetism, and differ but as schismatics from the Turks, which occasioneth much hatred and perpetual war betwixt them.  
(15) The Regions which belong to the Empire of Persia, are (1) Persia. (2) Media. (3) Assyria. (4) Susiana. (5) Mesopotamia. (6) Parthia. (7) Hyrcania. (8) Bactriana. (9) Parapomissus. (10) Aria. (11) Drangiana. (12) Gedrosia. (13) Carmania and (14) Ormus.  
(16) Persis had her name from Perseus, which came hither out of Greece; and this gives it to the whole Empire: It is now called Farsi or Farsistan, and was heretofore Panchaia. It lieth betwixt Media on the North, and the Sinus Persicus on her South: on her West Susiana, and East Carmania. Her Metropolis is Sitas, once Persepolis, and is built toward the midland near the River Araxes: it was surprised by Alexander, and many thousand talents of gold sent into Greece, with other rich spoils and trophies of victories, which the Persians had before gotten from most parts of the then known world. Upon the Seacoasts stands Cyrus, a City which was built by their first absolute Monarch, and called by the Inhabitants Grechata: It was the Bishop-seate of the learned Theodoret, who lived here about the year 450. and in this Region is Laodicea, built by Antiochus, and Passagarda, where Cyrus had his sepulchre.  
(17) (2) Media now Servania, on the North of Persis, and South of the Caspian Sea, hath Armenia major and Assyria on her West, and on her East Parthia & Hyrcania. It was before Cyrus, the seat of the Empire, and mother to a warlike potent Nation. Their Kings had many wives, seldom fewer than seven: and their women thought it a great calamity to have less than five husbands. In this stands the territory of Tauris, which was called by our ancients Erbathana, and doth stand some eight day's journey from the Hyrcanian Sea: it is rich and populous, and was the seat of the Sophies, till it was removed to Casbin, which lieth somewhat more South. Betwixt both stands the City Turcoman: and elsewhere in this Province are many others dispersed of good note, especially Suliania, Symmachia, Nassinun, Ardovill, Marant and Saucazan, etc.  
(18) (3) Assyria now Arzeram on the West of Media, South of Armenia, North of Susiana, and East of Mesopotamia: it was the seat of Ninus his Kingdom, lost by Sardanapalus, and here stands the most famous City Ninive, near the River Tigris, larger than Babylon, containing full threescore miles in compass: for the community which the Babylonians had with them in course of government, they were ofttimes promiscuously used by Historians: both had this custom to sell their virgins, which were fair and most desired, and tender the price into the common treasury. The homelier sort were placed in marriage with that money, to those which would accept of them for gain at least, if not for beauty. They were much addicted to Astrology, and were questionless led to it by the opportunity of their situation, which gives them a more perfect view of the heavens, and several course of the Planets, than any other part of the world besides.  
(19) (4) Susiana now Cucestan seems to have her name from Cus, upon the South of Assyria, West of Persis, East of Babylonia, and North of the Persike bay. It is severed by Pliny from Elemais the great by the River Euleus, of whose waters only the Persian Kings were wont to drink, as being more sweet and pure, than any other in this Country.  
(20) (5) Mesopotamia now Diarbecha, heretofore Aram or Charam, lies betwixt the two Rivers Euphrates and Tigris, and hath Armenia major on her North, and on her South Arabia deserta: it is of large extent, and hath much variety of Commodities in her several quarters, but hath suffered great calamities by reason of her continual wars with the Turk. Her chief Cities are Charan or Haran, where Abraham settled himself, when he was called forth of Chaldaea: and where that gurges avaritiae the Roman Mar●u● Crassus lost his life. Not far distant is the City Nisibis, which was once called Antiochia, and Mygdonia: to these Maginus adds Merdin and Mosus.  
(21) (6) Parthia now Arach on the East of Media, on the South of Hyrcania, North of Carmania, and West of Aria. The Inhabitants were valiant, and had their course of sovereignty in the Eastern Monarchy. Her chief Cities are Cassan and Hispaham, which the Persian hath in so great account, that he calls it half the world.  
(22) (7) Hyrcania now Strava, on the North of Parthia, and East of Media, and South of the Mare Caspium: it is plain, fertile, and rich. Her Metropolis Hyrcania: the rest of note are Bestan, Mesandran. (8) Bactriana now Charassan, on the South is divided from Aria by the mountain Parapomissus: her chief City Bactra, the birthplace of that great Physician Avicenna, and Zoroaster Magus: This Region belongs not entire to the Sophy of Persia. (9) Parapomissus now Sublestan and Candehar on the East of Aria a mountainous Country, and the Inhabitant as rude and ragged: yet her chief City Candatura is a great market and well frequented both from India and Cathaia. (10) Aria now Eri on the East of Parthia: the Inhabitants of this Region rebelled against Alexander, but were forced by his Armies, to fly for shelter, into a cave upon the top of a rock; yet thither he pursued them, and dammed up the cave's mouth with Timber, which he set on fire, and stifled most; the rest were taken to the Victor's mercy: the treason of Philotus against Alexander was here discovered. (11) Drangiana now Sigestan: In this Country the Hill Taurus is called Caucasus, where the Poet's seigne, that Prometheus was perpetually gnawn by a Vulture for stealing fire from Heaven: her chief Cities are Sim and Cabul, built by Alexander, at the foot of Caucasus: and therefore called Alexandria Archosiae. (12) Gedrosia now Circan, near the Mare Indicum, a barren Country, scarce worth a farther description: and so (13) Carmania.  
(23) (14) Upon the confines of the Persian Empire stands a potent Kingdom, which comprehends part of the coast of Persia, some Lands of the Persike bay; and a good portion of Arabia Faelix near to those Seas. The chief seat is the City and Island Ormutz, a place of great merchandise, but of itself affordeth little provision for victuals: so that they are forced to have it brought in from other parts of the Empire, though at an extreme dear rate. It abounds with a precious Pearl called the Union: Their King is now tributary to Portugal, as once it was to the Persian Emperor.   

The Description of the TURKISH EMPIRE.  
THE Turk is admired for nothing more, than his sudden advancement to so great an Empire. For before these last three hundred and odd years, we must seek this people (which is become now a terror to the whole world) lurking in the by-corners of Asia, like runagates and thiefs, as indeed they were; such as so infested their neighbours, with rapines and murders, as that neither enjoyed their own lives freely, nor possessed more wealth, than they could maintain with the sword.  
(2) The great Osmand was the first which redeemed them from obscurity: his predecessors were scarce mentioned as a Nation worth story; and therefore it is not easy to give their true original, or set justly the place of earth, from whence they sprang. There are which say from the Caspian Mountains: and that in the time of the Macedonian Basilius they served the Saracens, in their Indian wars, but turned the victory to their own advantage: for when they had once tried their strength, and found their Forces sufficient in behalf of others, they bethought themselves at last, to use them for their own advancement: and to that purpose, turned head first upon their paymasters, out of whose spoils they raised incredible Armies, which overspread all Asia to the very Euxine sea. Others again conjecture, that they were a Scythian people; and the rather for that they made their way into these parts, through Pontus and Cappadocia, and so on, as it were in a direct course from Scythia. The truth is, the customs of both are not much unlike, their habit very near, and their wars waged, with the same weapons and discipline.  
(3) But admit their first attempt upon the Saracens: yet were they again scattered by their civil dissensions, lived as before, and could not be recollected into a Nation, till Ottoman took upon him to be their Leader in the year 1300. a man of as low birth and fortunes as the meanest, but had a tumultuous spirit, and an able wit to wield it; which put him upon this great action, to conquer the world, and suffered him not to rest in it, till he had seated himself in an Empire, which his progeny enjoy to this day. He began with a rascal crew, of such as were led on by want, and seemed rather to bear Arms in defence of their privy thefts, then with intent to invade an enemy: for he appeared not at first as an open warrior, but wrought his spoils by stratagems, and slights, and clandestine excursions, upon such as were unprovided for resistance; possessed himself of mountains and woods, as lay most convenient for his lurking practices, and whither he might retire safe, if at any time he were pursued.  
(4) By these means he was content for a while, to increase his wealth and power, which soon grew to that eminency, as in few years, he durst meet a strong enemy to the face; buckle with him upon his own ground, for his possessions: and at last, so prevailed, where ever he set footing, that he scarce stepped back till he clasped into his own government, Pontus and Cappadocia, Galatia and Bythinia, Pamphylia and Lycia, jonia and Phrygia, and all Asia minor to the Greek Seas: to which his successors have in latter times added many other Countries of Asia, Africa, and Europe: so that it is now become the most potent and tyrannical Empire of the world.  
(5) The first seat of state was at Prussia in Bythinia, from thence it was removed to Hadrianopolis; and at last to Constantinople, a City of Greece in the Province of Romania. His Palace is called the Seraglio, is built in the most eminent part of the town, contains three miles in circuit within the walls, and surpasseth all other Courts under heaven for Majesty, and number of buildings, for pleasurable gardens, sweet fountains, and rich furniture. The Emperor himself hath for his common Guard, four thousand footmen, the sons of tributary Christians, which are called janissaries, and their Captain Agu, besides ten thousand others, dispersed under several Commanders through divers parts of the Empire: and fifteen thousand horsemen in ordinary pay. In these numbers, I reckon not those multitudes of Timariotae, which are assigned to several of the Turkish states: and deliver yearly incredible sums of money into his Treasury. As his wealth is great: so is his life luxurious: fifteen hundred women are cloistered up for his pleasure, and out of them one hundred and fifty culled as choice for his daily lust: so Maginus. The offices within the Court are most performed by eunuchs, such as (he will be sure) shall not partake with him in his unsatiate, and brutish pleasures.  
(6) The Ministers of state are (1) Mufsti, who interprets their Law, and lays open their Alcoran, with the like authority, as the Pope among the Roman-Catholikes. (2) Cadilescheri, who are the supreme judges, to determine of their causes controversed; and these are three: the one for Europe, whose residency is in Romania: another for Asia in Anatolia; and a third set up by Selimus the first, to judge such differences as are brought to him from Egypt, Syria, Arabia, and part of Armenia. These Cadilescheri have under them peculiar judges of every Province, which are called Cadi, and are chosen at their pleasure, but confirmed by the Emperor himself. (3) The third rank are the Vizer bassa, their Emperor's Council; their chief is Vezir-Azem, a man of great power through all the dominions of the Turk: and for the most part, present at his treaties of state. (4) The fourth order are the Beglerbegs, whose office answers almost to our Generals, and as the judges were, so are these placed in the three several quarters of the Empire: one in Greece for Europe: a second in Anatolia for Asia: and the third is an admiral of the Seas, and commands those parts, which are left by the other two: all of equal respect and place with the Vizer-bassae. Those of inferior rank, and petty employments in the Commonwealth are almost innumerable, many of them not natives, but apostate Christians, and in conditions, differ as the Countries from whence they first sprang.  
(7) The multitude, I mean the born- Turks savour still of their barbarous ancestors, and carry the marks in their foreheads, and limbs of Scythians and Tartars. They are for the most part broad-faced, strong-boned, well proportioned, dull and heavy headed, of gross understanding, idly disposed, and yet greedy of wealth, luxurious in their diet, and beastly in their lustful affections, without distinction of kindred or sex, base minded, slaves to themselves, and their superiors in their own Country: yet ignorantly proud, and contemptuous of other Nations, which they take in foul scorn, should be compared with their lubberly Inhabitant. They pass not to cousin a Christian in their course of traffic: nor do they think they are bound to keep promise unless it make for their advantage. The greatest praise they have by due desert, is their strict obedience to the discipline of war: no sedition, no tumult, no chat in their Camp or March, in so much that oft times many thousands on a sudden surprise their enemies, unwares, with so very little noise, as not to be heard in their approach. No difficulty can be commanded, which they are not ready to perform, without any respect at all had to the danger; be it pass to Rivers, top Mountains, scale Walls, stand Sentinel: In brief, they care not to eat or sleep in war, but at full leisure: and are the truest military men upon earth.  
(8) No great marvel then, if wi●● so great multitudes, so well ordered, they daily improve their Empire upon the Christians, who are not so zealous in defence of their true faith, as these misbelievers, bold and foolhardy to uphold their false god. But the truth is, their superstitious credulity of fate, which they think hath immutably prefixed every man's hour for life or death, which he can neither defer nor hasten, makes them fearless to incur dangers, and careless for their own security.   map of the Turkish Empire 
THE TURKISH EMPIRE. Newly Augmented by. john. Speed. 1626.  
(9) Divers Schools they have, where their chief study is the imperial laws; from thence some are preferred to secular, some to ecclesiastic offices. Their Religion is a mere cozenage, thrust upon the silly people by the impious subtlety of one Mahomest, whose story is well worth our knowledge, and may cause us to commiserate the desperate state of those ignorant, yet perverse and bloody Antichristians.  
(10) His place of birth is questioned, whether he were a Cyrenaike, an Arabian, or Persian, it is not yet fully decided: certain enough he was of base parents; his father (some say) a worshipper of Devils, and his mother a faithless jew. Betwixt them they sent into the world a pernicious deceiver (which none but two such Religions could have made up) in the year five hundred ninety seven. When he had been for a while thus instructed by his distracted parents, poverty and hope to improve his fortunes, persuaded him from his native soil, to live for another while among true professed Christians, where he received so much knowledge of the Word, and light of the Gospel, as to pervert it to his destruction, and ruin of many millions of souls.  
(11) In his first adventurous travails abroad, he fell into the hands of thievish Saracens, which sold him to a jewish Merchant; and he employed him to drive his Camels through Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and other foreign Countries, where he still gathered farther instructions of that truth which he intended to abuse. His wickedness first broke forth into fraud, open theft and rapine, and other sins of highest rank; in which he continued and seduced others, till the death of his Master, and after married his aged but rich Mistress.  
(12) He had means now to act his malicious purposes, and wealth to countenance his exceeding pride, which would not be satisfied with a lower ambition, then to be called a Prophet of God. This he began to practise, by the counsel of one Sergius a Monk, who being cast out for heresy from Constantinople, betook himself into Arabia, and joined in with Mahomet to make up this mischief perfect; see now their juggling. There wanted not craft betwixt them, to make use of his worst actions to gull the simple: For when by his debauched drinking and gluttony, he was fallen into an Epilepsy, and in his fits lay Bear-like grovelling, and foaming upon the earth, as one without sense: he pretended an extatike swoon, wherein his soul was wrapped from his body, while he conversed with Gabriel an Angel from heaven. To make this familiarity with God the more to be believed: he had bred up a Dove to take her meat from his ear, which he most blasphemously professed to be the holy Ghost, who at such times and in that shape infused the Prophecies which he was to preach. Lastly, what they in their wicked fancies had conceived, and meant to propagate, they digested into a volume, and called it the Alcoran.  
(13) For this too they had a trick, that it might seem to have been sent from heaven into the hands of Mahomet: and to this purpose he had himself fed up a tame Bull, which by custom became so familiar, that no sooner he heard the voice of his Master, but he would strait run, cast the head in his lap, and use his wanton dalliance as with a fellow. Betwixt the horns of this Bull, had he fastened the Alcoran, and conveyed him into a by-place, near where he had assembled the multitude at a set time, to expect a wonderful miracle from heaven, that might confirm his Prophecy. The scene thus ordered, on the sudden he lift up his voice, and made a loud cry, which no sooner the Beast heard, but he broke his way through the press, overturned many of the spectators, which now stood at a gaze, and gently laid his horns and Book in the bosom of this false cozener: which he with much ceremony, and feigned reverence, received, and in their presence opening the volume began to interpret chief of their Laws, which for hereafter they were to observe.  
(14) Circumcision he allowed, and with the old Law forbade swine's flesh, that he might with more ease lead on such as were jewish: he suffered himself to be baptised by Sergius, that the Christian too might have in some measure his content: Moses and our Saviour he denied not to be great Prophets; but that neither ●●rty might emulate the greater observance of other: and indeed especially that his own might seem new and yet take place from both, he changed the Circumcision of the jews from the eight day, and multiplies Baptism, which can be conferred but once for all, upon the true believer. For the like reason of difference with other Nations and Sects, he left both the jews Sabbath, and diem Christianorum Dominicum, & commands his holy ceremonies to be celebrated on the friday; for so it was, when the Bull bestowed on him his Alcoran. Before they enter the Temple, they wash all the unclean parts of their bodies, and then to prayer, which must be performed five times in a day, with their face toward the South. They have a months fast too once every year, but it is observed only for the day; for they may, when the Sun is down, redeem it with what gluttony they please: wine is forbidden, only for a show that he might not seem to have loved that, which (as he was guilty to himself) had brought him into his epileptical fits. Briefly, what he knew would best agree with the brutish desires of the people, that he took order should be confirmed by his Laws: four or five wives to every husband, and as many Concubines as they could maintain. For their bliss after life, he proposed no invisible delights which overreached their understanding, but proportioned to each of their sensual thoughts, and promised to those which would keep his Law a Paradise of all kinds of pleasure, which they themselves most affected. To the covetous, wealth; to the ambitious, honours; to the gluttonous, meats; to the virgins, rich attire, and embraces of Angels; the poor souls were never so fitted; and when he had thus for a long time, discoursed over his Alcoran, he took a yoke from Sergius, and put it upon the Bull's neck: for it was foretold by an inscription brought by his door, that whosoever could yoke the Bull, it should be a sign to declare the man, as one sent from God, to govern his people.  
(15) This huddle of miracles put the gazers beyond all pause, so that in an instant they cried him up King, and held his companion in reputation of a minor Prophet; called themselves Musulmanni, true believers, which the Turk still affects, rather than his right name of Turk, which imports banishment, and upbraids him with the disgrace of his original.  
(16) And now he hath passed the difficulty of his attempt, an easy matter to draw on millions of followers, such as would like that Religion best which balked not their pleasures; yet at last he met with an end answerable to his beginning: for he was poisoned by some of his own Family.  
(17) He had long before Prophesied, that he should be wonderfully conveyed to heaven▪ and to make good this fraud, had framed an iron Chest for his Sepulchre, which he purposed should have been held up by force of a Loadstone, placed in the top of the Temple, and by this means have appeared to the beholder to hang in the air without any support: But this trick (in seems) was prevented by death; yet they expected still his ascent to heaven, till he stanke upon earth: so that at last they were forced to convey him into his iron Coffin, which remains to this day in Mecha a City of Persia, and is visited by the Turks, as the Sepulchre of our Saviour at jerusalem by pilgrim-Christians.  
(18) I took leave here to supply the room with the Customs and Religion of the Turks, which in course of our former method, was due to the division of the Empire and her several Provinces: But I suppose, I have the less trespassed, in regard that most of them have already had their place and description in each of their particular Kingdoms, to which they did formerly belong. It will be sufficient here to name them, with reference to the Map, where you have them delivered more at large.  
(19) In Europe it runs along the Sea-coast of the Adriatic bay, from the land of Epidaurus, now Raguss, and so about the Aegean Sea, and Propontis, and a great part of the Euxine to the city Theodosia in the Taurica Chersonesus, which is now called Caffa. In the Mediterranean from javarimum in Hungary, to Constantinople in Greece. The several Provinces of this compass are (1) a great part of Hungary, Bosnia, Servia, Rascia, Bulgaria, Walachia, and Transylvania, etc. in the description of Hungary. (2) Graesia and her Provinces, Thracia, Macedonia, Epirus, Achaia, Peloponnesus, with the Lands of the Aegean, etc. in the description of Greece. (3) A part of Sclavonia.  
(20) In Africa almost all the Seacoasts from the City Bellis de Comera to the Arabike bay: In this stands Algeires Tunis, Tripoli, all Egypt, Fez, Marolum, etc. in the African description.  
(21) In Asia Anatolia, the Island of Cyprus, all Syria, Palestine, judaea, Caelosyria, Phoenicia, Babylonia, Arabia Triplex, Turcomannia, and Georgia. Mesopotamia, and part of Media. And these belong to the description of Asia.   

The Description of the Kingdom of CHINA.  
THE whole tract of Asia which lies severed from Persia by the River Indus on the West, is well known by one general name of the East Indie: and that again is divided, by the other famous River Ganges, into India intra Gangem, the part which looks toward Europe, and is conjectured by most, to be the same with the land of Evilah: and India extra Gangem to the very East, some think it was that, which of old was called Seria: both have now other names imposed by the Inhabitants: the first Indostand; this other Tame, Tangis, Mangi, or Macies, and lastly Sinarum Regio, China.  
(2) This Kingdom than is the utmost bounds Eastward of the whole Continent, and therefore lies farthest remote from Christendom; the mistress of arts, and example of civility to all the other parts of the world: yet do the chinoise much exceed us, for ample Cities, ingenious artificers, and multitude of Inhabitants; which (me thinks) pleads fairly for her antiquity, though I give not full credit to those, which settle here the sons of jocktan, much less to their own records, which reckon two hundred threescore and two Kings, in almost a continued succession to this day; and number from their first, above four thousand years. For to make this good they must either vary from us in their measure of times, as we from the Germans in length of miles; else we must commit a foul error, to look beyond the Flood for their original: since that time, it is not yet above three thousand nine hundred twenty; and surely I think they were not exempted from the general deluge, no more then from the sins of the whole earth.  
(3) But if this conjecture of different account be not approved, the solecism must rest (for me) upon their own ignorant vainglory, which in their stories, transport them beyond probability; upon hope (perhaps) that no other Nation could control them; for in those first ages, they had little converse, unless with men more barbarous than themselves; such as could not deliver their acts to posterity: and therefore being left wholly to their own relations, good reason they thought they had, to do themselves what honour they might, though ignorance of the main truth, makes them oft times to trespass upon Chronologie, and forge stories so unlikely, that the whole may be justly suspected.  
(4) Their first King they name Vitei, and report him to have reigned an hundred years: his successors went on without breach or conquest to their two hundred forty second Prince, but were then for a while, cut off by the Tartarians. This change was foretold to Farfar, the last China King of the first race; and the Prophecy laid it upon one, which should have an hundred eyes: and so had Chisanbaan the Invader, if you will allow his name to make up the miracle: For the very word in their language signifies no other than an hundred eyes: A poor cozenage of the Devil, but served the turn first to dazzle them with a strange Prophecy, and then to keep up his credit in the performance, with the simple idolaters. After nine Tartarian Princes, it was again recovered to the state, in which it now stands, by the prowess of one Gombne their 251. King.  
(5) This brief account of their beginning and progress, is more than I can warrant for undoubted truth. The most part was past, ere they were a people known to the Europeans: for Ptolemy himself scarce reached so far toward the East: or if it be the same, with his Sinarum Regio, (which yet some doubt) yet (it seems) he knew little more of it, than the bare name: we must be content to pass over many ages untouched, and break abruptly, into our own times and stories, which do afford us more certainty by the relation of later travailors, some of our own Nation.  
(6) It is now a vast Empire, which contains in latitude almost forty degrees from the Tropic of Cancer to the fifty three towards the Pole Arctic; and thirty in Longitude from the degree one hundred thirty to one hundred sixty: the bounds on the West is Indostan, India intra Gangem, on the East Mare Cin; on the North the Empire of the great Chane, severed from the chinoise by high mountains, continued with a wall of a thousand miles in length, built by Tzanitzon, their 117. King: and on the South the Kingdom or Chan chin chinae, part of the other India intra Gangem.  
(17) The air here is temperate, and the ground fruitful: the mountains and wild fields breed incredible numbers of cattle, and the Woods wild Boars, Foxes, Hares, Coneys, and other useful beasts, which gives us flesh for our food, and skins for our clothing. The tilled ground returns again plenty of Corn, Wheat, and Barley; their higher Poulse, and their lower Rice, in great abundance: their gardens pleasant, set with all sorts of flowers, which may delight either the eye, or sent: no clod (almost) of earth there, but hath its wealth; for what yields not fruit, is enriched with Mines of Gold and Silver. Their chief River is Polysango, both it and the rest give fish in great abundance, and waterfowl enough almost to feed a whole Nation: Maginus reports it, that ten or twelve thousand wilde-ducks have been commonly spent in one day in the City Canton: besides their own profit, they advantage them much in their course of traffic, to convey their Merchandise into several parts of the Empire, to meet with their chapmen from all quarters. Their principal Commodities are Silks and Sugars: yet besides these they send forth Wool, Cotton, Olives, Metals, Rheubarbe, Honey, Purslane dishes, Camphire, Ginger, Pepper, etc. Musk, Salt great store, whose Custom, in only one Town of Canton, amounts to the yearly value of 18000. Crowns. To this happiness of soil may be added the thrift and great industry of the Inhabitants, who hold it a foul disgrace to be accounted idle: and therefore make the most of what they have: so that without doubt, as they are infinitely populous, so they are proportionably rich, beyond any other Nation of the world.  
(8) The chinoise is described with a broad face of a dusky colour, crooked nose, small and black eyes, and very thin beard, but long hair on the head: if any be deformed (for so they take it) with a better feature, they are as like to break a jest upon his handsome comely visage, as a scoffer would upon their ill fashioned countenance. The better sort are clothed in long silk garments; the ordinary people in linen, for they have not yet the art well to wove woollen: Their women deck their heads, with gold and precious jewels, seldom show themselves abroad without great attendance of servants.   map of China 
the KINGDOM OF CHINA newly augmented by I.S. 1626.  
(10) Their fashions in private houses are not much unlike to those of Europe, at board they sit in chairs, and upon forms, not loll on the floor, as most of the asiatics do: they touch not their meat with the hand, but use the Silver-forke, or else some stick of Ivory or Ebony, not much unlike it: they eat thrice in one day, but sparingly enough: when they travail over the Plains, they use a kind of Coach, yet not drawn with horses or other beast, but driven by the wind under sail as a Bark on the Sea, which the people are as perfect to guide, which way they please, as the Mariner is to direct his course unto any coast, whither he is bound: as they sail upon land, as if it were sea, so they dwell as frequent upon the sea, as if it were land: for they have an incredible number of ships, and boats, which are in many places ranked like streets upon the waters, and filled with Inhabitants, such as are here borne, live, traffic, marry, and die. Mr. Purchas reports that upon one River from Nanquin to Paquin they are thus ordered for 300. leagues. No marvel then, if their number exceed any part proportionably of the whole earth; since their land is not sufficient, but is forced to borrow room out of the Sea for their habitation: yet are they all governed by one Monarch, whom they call the Lord of the world, and son to the Sun. For they are a proud Nation, and admit not equal comparison with any other earthlings; but cast it as a Proverb into their teeth, that they have but one eye to see with, in respect of the Chinoys, who alone (as themselves boast) see with two: the truth is, in matters of state, they are very politic, in peace wary, and in war valiant, crafty and excellent engineers.  
(11) Their laws are for the most part just and severely executed, especially against idle drones, which set not a hand to advance their state, or maintain themselves. They will not cherish the very blind by alms, since without eyes, a man may be fit for some corporal employment; but to the maimed and lame, they deny not a charitable maintenance. The son is bound to exercise his parent's occupation, so that no pretence almost is left for wanderers: and briefly, as far as humane laws can provide, all other vain occasions, for misexpence of time, are taken off; for within the Cities no stews are allowed, or lewd persons to withdraw them: adultery is punished with death, but yet they have liberty to take many wives: one they keep at home, the rest are disposed of abroad, where they best please. Their Marriages they chiefly solemnize at the new Moon, and for the most part in March, which begins their year.  
(12) For their Religion they are Gentiles, but have a confused knowledge of God, heaven, and the creation, which they ascribe to one Trine, who first (say they) made Pauson and Pauzona, and their posterity continued for 90000. years; but were then, for their wickedness destroyed, and a new race was created. The first of their second world was one Lutitzam, who had two horns; from the right came men, as they fond imagine and from the left women: when they would decipher their great god, they express him by the first letter of their Alphabet; and in their devotions, they worship him as their chief (but not only) preserver: for they have their prayers to the Sun, Moon, Stars, and to the Devil himself, that he would not hurt them. Their Priests are distinguished into the black and white Friars, as we call them: for they much resemble Friars in their course of life; some are clothed in white, their heads shorn, and their victuals in common: others in black, long hair and live apart: neither are married, but both take their liberty to live obscenely, as the debauchest swaggerers.  
(13) The Empire is divided into 15. Provinces, (1) Canton. (2) Feguien. (3) Olam. (4) Sisnam. (5) Tolench. (6) Causaie. (7) Minchien. (8) Ochian. (9) Honan. (10) Pagina. (11) Zaiton. (12) Quinchien. (13) Cheguean. (14) Susnam. (15) Quinsay. All of large extent, and contain in them many towns, and cities, in number more, in compass bigger, and in wealth more eminent, than the best of ours.  
(14) (1) In the Province of Canton are 190. Towns & 37. Cities. (2) In Feguien, 99 Towns and 33. Cities. (3) In Olam 130. Towns and 90. Cities. (4) In Sisnam 150. Towns and 44. Cities. (5) In Tolench 235. Towns and 51. Cities: and this is governed immediately by the Emperor himself, without any substitute as all the other Provinces have, except Pagina. (6) Cansaie hath 122. Towns 24. Cities. (7) Minchien 29. Towns 25. Cities. (8) Ochiam 74. Towns 19 Cities. (9) Honan 102. Towns and 20. Cities. (10) Pagina 150. Towns and 47. Cities.  
(15) The chief of this is Paquin where he hath his continual residence, and scarce at any time leaves the City, unless upon occasion of war: for it is seated near to the Tartars, who oft times make assaults upon the chinoise, and force the King to gather his strength into that quarter; and he himself present to withstand their entry: lest if they should once get footing into any part of his Country, they might encroach farther, and enable themselves by his spoils to follow their blow upon his other Provinces. His palace here is compassed with a triple wall, carries the bulk and face of a fair Town; for indeed his retinue are no fewer than might well people a large City: among the rest he hath 16000 eunuchs daily attending, such as their own parents have emasculated in their infancy, to make them capable of this Court-preferment. The seat Imperiall was heretofore at Nanquin, where still remains a golden testimony of her past glory. It is a fair City thirty miles in compass, seated nine leagues from the Sea upon a fair and navigable River, where there rides commonly at least 10000 of the King's ships, beside Merchants. It hath three brick walls, the streets are six miles in length, of a proportionable breadth, and trimly paved.  
(16) (11) Zaiton hath 78. Towns and 27. Cities: the chief is Zaiton, which hath a fair harbour, and is seldom without 500 ships. (12) Quinchien hath 113. Towns and 45. Cities. (13) Cheguean 95. Towns and 39 Cities. (14) Susnam 105. Towns and 41. Cities. (15) And last Quinsay 114. Towns 38 Cities.  
(17) The Metropolis is Quinsay or Suntien, the largest City of the world: for it contains 100 miles in compass: it is seated in a low and fenny ground, is subject to Floods, and hath been forced in very many places, to erect bridges for free passage from one street to another: there are in a●l 12000. built of stone, and most of them so high, that a good ship may strike under them with full sail: each of them hath its ten watchmen, for a night-guard. The Inhabitants of this City live luxuriously, especially their women, who are much more comely than their men; yet all of them almost eat both horse and dog's flesh. Toward the South part of the City there is a great lake about 24. miles in circuit; in the midst stand two Lands, whither the chief Nobility repair and invite their friends to solemnize their marriage, and have in each a stately palace erected, furnished sufficiently with all fitting ornaments, for a wedding jollity. In many parts of the City there are public places of receipt, for such as sustain any misfortune by fire: there they may lodge their goods safe upon a sudden casualty, till they can make better provision.  
(18) It were vain to give a more particular description of the many Cities which make up the several numbers in each Province: they stand so thick, and are so populous, that they all seem to be as one; one, as well for their continued building almost, as their fashion of building: for they all observe the same form, and dispose their streets alike; two broad, crossing each other in the middle in so strait a line, that the eye may reach clean from one end to the other.  
(19) We may conclude, that both the revenues of the whole Empire, and number of Inhabitants, are not easily to be reckoned: yet this in brief, he hath subject under him 70. crowned Kings, gathers up yearly 120. millions of Crowns, stirs not into the field without 300000. foot and 200000. horse. To this empire did once belong most of the Lands in the Eastern Seas, but it seems the chinoise in time found, that their defence was a business of more charge than their worth countervailed: and therefore let them even slip into their own hands, and bounded their government with the Sea-coast: yet for such as lie in the same Latitude, from the Tropic toward the Pole, they may most properly, be named at least in this description, and but named; since they were before set forth in our general map of Asia. The chief are Lequio minor, Reix Magos, Lequio major, Mazacar, japan, a very lare Island, Insula de Miaco, and Satyrorum Insula, etc.   

The Description of the Kingdom of TARTARY.  
SCYTHARUM gens semper antiquissima It was a judged case (long since) betwixt the Egyptian and Inhabitant of this Country. Yet were not the Scythians the first, which possessed it: At least it was the first name by which they were known. For, before the entrance of Scytheses the supposed son of Hercules, we find here a people which derive their pedigree from Magog, the son of japheth, & were called Magogins in remembrance of their antique founder. To this purpose junius and other learned interpret terram Magogin in the 38. of Ezech. 2. and Revel. 20.8. and so in sundry places elsewhere of divine Scripture, take it for other land, then that, which was after profane Writers, called Scythia, and Sarmatia, and now Tartary; though perhaps these have not all had still the same bounds, from the beginning; for what any one Kingdom upon the earth hath? All states have had their course to rise and fall, to be impaired or enlarged, at pleasure of the most High, who disposeth of Empires as seems best in his wisdom.  
(2) Of the Magogins, we have not much story; yet they have left their name behind them, which is now corrupted into Maugol, as most imagine. While the Scythae bore rule, they infested their neighbours without mercy or equity: and practised their rapines, as far almost, as they could find a subject to work on. In so much that they gave name to all the rude and inhuman Nations, both of Asia and Europe, North of Danubius: which for their cruelty were much feared, and for brutish Customs grown odious to the more civil parts of the world.  
(3) Tollite Barbarûm mores; was meant of these by the Poet, and well it might. For who could be more barbarous than the Essedons, which lived here by the Palus Maeotis, and as (Herod: in his fourth Book of Histories delivers) were wont to sing their Parents to the grave, invite their best friends, to feast with their father's flesh, and use his scull, as a Cup to drink in, at their lascivious banquets. Who more than the Axiacae? who quenched their thirst with the blood of him, whom they first slew, as it gushed warm from his wounds. Who more foolish proud than the Agathyrsi? Who, as God and nature had come short in their making up, were used to mend their beauty by a deformed painting, and ugly staining of their bodies with motley colours. Our Picts are supposed by some to have had hence their original.  
(4) It were too much to recite here the other scattered Nations, which overspread the earth: for she was, as most style her, the officina generis humani: and sent forth swarms of her brood, which soon fastened themselves, where ever they set footing. For they were strong of body, bold and heady, beyond the rule of valour: distinguished not right from wrong in their quarrels, but reckoned justly their own, what ever they could clasp by force of Arms. And this they all practised almost without difference of sex, unless in this, that their women were most warlike: witness that incomparable story of Tomyris, who cut off the Persian Cyrus and 200000. more of his soldiers at one encounter, and cast his head into a cauldron of blood, with this upbraid, for the slaughter of her son Pergapises: Satiate sanguine, quem sitisti. Nor was she the single one, that put off the weakness of her sex to take Arms. For here lived those professed Amazons, which admitted no man into their Camps, but at set times of necessity, to preserve their race: yet were they a terror to the world, vexed a great part of Asia the less, and built the renowned Ephesus, Smyrna, Cuma. Magnesia, etc.  
(5) These had their time. The Goths or G●tae succeeded, and were inheritors as well of their mischievous customs, as illgot possessions: for which they purchased them the name of Polonei, among their neighbours, thiefs and destroyers: such as were no less grievous to them then their predecessors. Doubtless a curse of perpetual tyranny lies upon their wicked Empire. For when next the Tartars came on, the state itself was not much bettered, nor the innocent which lay near any whit more secured.  
(6) These last have been supposed to be the remnant of those ten Tribes which were led captive by Salmanassar. How likely the reasons are I will not dispute. But surely, if so, they must have retained some knowledge of the true God, at least some precepts of civility from their forefathers, though never so long since. For what people can we read of in stories, which have at any time been enlightened with the truth, and yet afterward fallen into that gross barbarism, which is now found among the Tartarians? See their Character, which (as they are by most described) deals impartially; gives them ill fashioned bodies, answerable to their rude minds, fit houses for so unclean guests.  
(7) Their stature is different. The most part have large shoulders, a broad face, with a crooked nose, deformed countenance, swarthy colour, hollow eyes, hairy and untrimmed beard, and head close shaved. Their speech is boisterous, and clamorous: their noise, in singing, like the yell of Wolves; and endurance of hunger, thirst, heat, cold, and watching equals them, (in strength of body) to the most able beast, for it exceeds the common power of a man. Their lust is without Law. For they except no kindred, but their own mothers, daughters, and sisters: No Species, for they mix with beasts; No sex, for they are insatiate Sodomites: and yet take liberty for as many wives, as the can maintain; which (contrary to our civil courses) they buy of their Parents, in stead of receiving dowries. Their meat is the raw flesh of horses without regard how they were killed, or of what diseases they died: sometimes they suck blood from the living, to appease their hunger and thirst, if (in a journey) they be distressed for want of food.  
(8) Cities they have but few, nor houses, other then movable tents, made of beasts skins, which they pitch up by great multitudes, in the form of a town, and those are called hordes: when the grass is once eaten bare, and the ground yields not meat for their Cattle, they trudge with bag and baggage to another quarter: and so in course they wander through the vast Deserts, unsettled, and indeed impatient to be settled, or rather imprisoned (as they take it) within any one bounded compass, having the wide world to roam in. Their chief Arms are Bow and Arrows, which they use most on horseback, for their more speedy flight: and have them commonly strongly poisoned, for the more sure mischief to the foe. Their stratagems are downright fraud, and breach of truth; for they keep no faith with an enemy, regard not any compact made upon terms of peace; but follow their own sense, and commit what outrages they can with least danger to themselves.  
(9) Their Religion is answerable to their vile customs: Some are Pagans, others mahumetans, yet will not be called Turks but Bersemanni, and their chief Priest say, whom they reverence more than their Maker; and admit that none should touch his hand, but their Kings, and these too with an humble gesture: their Dukes aspire not above his knee, nor their Nobles higher than his feet: the rest are happy, if they can but reach at his garment, his horse, his anything, so simple are they in their superstition: and thus have they continued either Atheists or false Idolaters, ever since their first entrance upon this Kingdom in the year 1187. Before, they were not esteemed a Nation at all, but wild people, without law or reason almost, who lived in the open fields, and conversed with no other than their own Herds of Cattle.   map of Tartary 
A NEW MAPE OF TARTARY augmented by. john. Speede. and are to be sold in pops head Alley by George Humble. Anno. 1626.  
(11) The limits are now on the North the Scythian Ocean, on the West the Muscovian Empire, Sarmatia Europaea, & mare Caspium: on the South Mount Caucasus, the Kingdom of Persia, and part of India: and on the East partly the Eastern Seas, and partly the Kingdom of China. Thus divided she contains five Provinces. (1) Tartary minor. (2) Asiatica. (3) Antiqua. (4) Zagathai intra Imaum. (5) Cathai, extra Imaum.  
(12) Tartary minor is called likewise Horda Precopensium, a sort of Tartars which have their name from one City Precops, but inhabit all those plains which lie round about the Pontus Euxinus, or Mare Magor, and Palus Maeotis, including the whole Taurica Chersonesus, so that she extends her limits from the banks of the River Boristhenes, as far as Tanais. Her chief Province is the Chersonesus, a Peninsula seventy miles in compass, which took the name of Taurica from Osiris, who (they say) first ploughed this land with a yoke of Bulls. It was invaded by one Vlanus, from whom the Inhabitants of this whole Region were sometimes called Vlani, as they were after Crym Tartars, from that city Crym, once the King's seat of this Peninsula, though it stood not within her limits: For her principal Town was (1) Theodosia now Caffa, where there was heretofore a Colony of Genoa, till they were dispossessed by Mahomet the eighth Emperor of the Turks: (2) Eupatoria: (3) Parthenium, etc. The other Towns of this Tartary Precopensis, which stand without the Chersonesus, are Oczacon, which this people took from the Dukes of Lituania, and Tanas, which stands in the utmost part of this Tartary, above the mouth of the River Tanais, some three miles distant. It is called by the Inhabitant Azac, and is a place of great traffic, & free access from many neighbouring Nations. Near this southward, begins the Palus Maeotis, reacheth as far as the Taurica Chersonesus, betwixt which & the main land, is the Bosphorus Cimmerius; and on their South banks flows their Pontus Euxinus, which runs into the Propontis, but returns not. This Sea is in some places so deep, that the water appears at top black, and was therefore called Mare nigrum. It might be thought, that the people living so near the civil parts of Christendom, were better mannered, than the Asiatike Tartars; But their stubborn rudeness takes in foul scorn to be taught by any other Nation: and therefore stands stiffly to their old course of life, in woods, and wild fields, and cease not to commit continual murders and rapines upon the Country's adjoining, with an inveterate hate to such, as profess the Name of Christ; in so much, that they have engaged themselves to pay yearly three hundred Christians, as tribute to the great Turk; which number they draw out of Polonia, Russia, Lituania, Walachia, and part of Moscovia.  
(13) Asiatica or Tartary deserta et Moscoritica differs not much from the ancient Sarmatia Asiatica, which in Ptolemies descriptions is bounded on the West, with the River Tanais and Palus Maeotis, on the East, with Scythia intra Imaum, on the North with the Montes Hyperborei, and on the South with the mountains Coran & Caucasus. The Inhabitants live in Hordes as the rest do, which remove often, & direct their wand'ring course by observing the Polestar. In this too their Hordes have divisions, and are known by several names: The chief is Zaucll which for the most part lies betwixt the rivers Volga, & Laych, and in regard it is as it were the mother-Hord to the rest, it was called magna Horda, and her Emperor Vlacham, magnus dominus; for so he was, and had full power of a Prince, till they were subdued by the Precopenses in the year one thousand five hundred six, and after by Basilius' Duke of Moscoria. Next to this are the Casanenses, which have their chief City Casan, upon the River Volga, near the confines of Moscoria. It was once an entire government to itself, but in the year one thousand five hundred fifty one, after many victories and revolts, it was fully and irrecoverably vanquished, and made an addition to the Duke of Moscoria's title. The Inhabitants here are somewhat more ingenuous than the Precopenses: they till their ground, and in some places build houses, and practise Merchandise with the Turks and Moscorites. Not much unlike to these are the Astrachanenses, situate toward the mare Capium, and have their name from their rich Metropolis Astrachan, twenty Italian miles distant from the mouth of Volga; both they and it, were subdued in the year one thousand four hundred ninety four, by the Duke of Moscoria. Besides these there are many other wild Hordes of Tartars; Of the Nohaicenses, Thumenenses, Schibaschienses, Casachienses, As●nichanenses, Baschirdi, Kirgessi, Molgamozani. These last strange Idolaters of the Sun and a piece of a red clout, hung up before them upon a pole. They live in Caves, and feed for the most part upon such creatures as creep upon the ground: some of them are Anthropophagis. And hereabouts is the great lake called Kytay.  
(14) Tartary antiqua, the ancient seat of the Tartars, and Kingdom of Magog, when both the first Inhabitant was placed by the son of japheth, and when these last Tartars entered, under the command of Chinchis. It was the utmost portion of the Tartarian Empire, to the frozen Seas on her North, the Scythian on the East, and the mare de Annian: for it contains many dispersed Hordes, all (almost) subject to the great Cham of Cathai. In the most Northern tract, which strikes into the Sea beyond the polar circled dwell the Dani, Neptalitae, Mecriti, etc. more Southward the Kingdom of Tabor, and the vast desert Caraecoranum, and the mount Altay, the place of burial for the Tartarian Emperors. Toward the East Seas and near the Promontory of Tabin, are the Regions of Arzaret, (which some think to be the very place first possessed by the remnant of the ten captive Tribes,) and Annian, and Argon, and Tenduch, and Mongal, and many other, whose people live after the antique manner in tents movable, some few Cities they have, poorly built, and as rudely customed. Among other incivilities they have this fashion, to prostitute their wives and sisters to such guests, as they would entertain most friendly; and when it was once forbade by their great Cham, they recovered it again with much suit, and solemn protestation, that they had not thrived since it was laid aside. The ground brings forth good store of especial good Rhubarbe.  
(15) Zagathai, the same with Scythia intra Imaum, and is bounded upon the West with the mare Caspium, upon the East with the desert as far as Lop: upon the North with the River jaxartus, and upon the South with the Mount Caucasus. It hath the name from their Prince, brother to their great Cham, and contains in it these several Provinces: (1) Zagatai, where Tamberlane was borne, and first bare rule in the City Sarmachand, a place enriched by his victories, and memorable for the death of Clitus, slain by Alexander in his drunken fury. The seat of the Governor is in Bochara, another Town of the best note here. (2) Bactria now Cocazzan, the Inhabitants were led by Bessus, which slew Darius, and the first King was Zoroaster, in the time of Ninus the Assyrian, and twice tried the fortune of war with him, but was at last vanquished, and his Kingdom made a Province to the Monarchy: In several ages it hath been tossed into the hands of divers States, among the rest, the Romans had it once in their possession, at which time, the Inhabitants received knowledge of the truth from the mouth of Saint Thomas: but have lost it since by the tyranny of the Saracens and Tartars. (3) Sogdiana on the North of Bactria where Gropolis stood, built for a Fort against the Scythians, and standing to the time of Alexander, who battered it to the ground. (4) Margiana, and (5) Turchestan, East of the Mare Caspium, and was the seat of the Turks before they broke into Armenia.  
(16) Cathaie, the same with Scythia extra Imaum, and is the Empire of the great Cham of the Tartars, and true progeny of Chinchis. It is compassed almost with mountains, and deserts▪ and is divided from China, only by a great wall on the South. The soil is exceeding fertile, and the people far more civil, then in the other parts of Tartary. Her Provinces are (1) Cathaie, which is supposed to be the antique seat of the Seres: and is therefore called Regio Serica: For it sends forth excellent Silks, Stuffs, and Chamlets, and other rare Commodities, which equalise her (at least in her own esteem) to the best parts of Europe. Her Metropolis is Cambelu, twenty-eight miles in compass, besides the suburbs, built foure-square by the River Polysangus, and enriched from India, China, and other Regions, with all sorts of Merchandise. Here their great Cham lives, but is buried at the Mount Altay, and is conveyed thither by a strong guard, which kills all they meet in the way, and commands them to serve their Lord in the other world: Maginus reports from Marcus Polus, that while he was in cathay, ten thousand persons lost their lives upon one such occasion. (2) Tangut, which (they say) had the Art of Printing many hundred years before it was known among us. (3) Camul. (4) Tanifu. (5) Tebet, not much differing either from themselves, or the other parts of Tartary, which belong to the Kingdom of cathay.   

The Description of the Summer Lands, once called the BERMUDAS.  
AS it hath pleased God of his especial grace and mercy to deliver this Nation from that sink of errors, and superstitious practices wherewith the face of Christendom was overspread: and hath caused the truth of Piety and Religion to shine amongst us, through the effectual Ministry of his Word: In so much that there is no Nation in the world, to whom the grace of God hath (in these latter times) more abounded, nor where true Religion hath been so generally embraced and maintained, as in this Kingdom: So hath he likewise delivered us from many eminent dangers, and evil practices at home and abroad: hath blessed us with much peace and prosperity: and moreover, hath honoured us with such notable favours, that the fame of the worthy exploits, and noble attempts of this Nation by Sea and by Land, hath resounded to the glory of his Name, even to the farthest parts of the earth; And I beseech God (in the Name of him in whom alone he is well-pleased) still to continue this his goodness towards us, although in these times we have just cause to fear the contrary.  
Amongst these latter sort of Benefits which God hath vouchsafed to this Nation, I mean that magnanimity and courage, and his divine assistance in the prosecution of so many notable actions, may worthily, in my judgement (though slighted at by some) be reckoned that noble enterprise, of planting VIRGINIA with Christian Religion, and English people. And as he hath manifested his succour and providence many ways, beyond expectation, for the advancement of this work, so not a little in the discovery of the Summer Lands: for (to omit other reasons) these are as it were the Key, opening a passage, and making the way more safe to many parts of this new World, and especially to Virginia: so that if they had been discovered and inhabited by any such as would oppose the planting of Virginia: It had proved a matter so difficult and dangerous, that in all likelihood it had been relinquished ere this time; of these I have exhibited this description, with the relation following.  
These Lands, formerly called the Bermudas, now the Summer Lands, shunned by Travellers, as most dangerous, and seldom seen by any, except against their wills; reputed to be rather a hold and habitation of Devils, than any fit place for men to abide in, were discovered in the year 1609. in manner following, There was at that time eight Ships send by the Adventurers to Virginia, amongst which one of the best and strongest was called the Sea-venture, in burden near 300. ton: In this, were their chief Commanders, Sir Thomas Gates, & Sir George Summer, and with them about 150. persons. And upon the 25. of july the same year, being at Sea, this Ship called the Sea-venture, was by a fierce and terrible storm separated from the rest of the Fleet: and withal so shaken and torn by violence of the weather, that she sprung a leak: whereat the water came in so fast, that in short time it was seven or eight foot deep within the hold. Whereupon, for safety of their ship and lives, they fell to pumping, and bayling out the water with buckets; and continued their labour for three days, and as many nights without intermission. But then perceiving that they availed nothing, the water in this space rather increasing, than any whit abating; Now hopeless of safety, tired and outworn with labour, watching, and discomfort, and desirous to refresh their enfeebled spirits with some little rest before their death; they resolved to cease their labour, and so by consequence permit their ship to sink. Sir George Summer sitting day and night all this while upon the Poop, to direct the Ship as evenly as might be, lest she should be over-turned or swallowed of the waves, espied land, and thereupon called the Company together, and encouraged them again to pumping, and casting out water, by which means they kept her up from sinking, and by God's providence escaped the rocks, till they got within half a mile of the shore, where she stuck fast between two rocks. The extremity of the storm being then well qualified, they had time to land all their men, most part of their provision, and to save much of their ships tacking and iron-worke before she sank. And thus it pleased God, by this evil, to bring to light a far greater good, agreeable to that saying, 
Quae latet, inque boniscess at non cognita rebus,  
Apparet virtus, arguiturque malis.   
Having thus escaped the eminent danger of present death, and all safely arrived: We may well conceive their joy to have been great, especially when they found there, in great abundance, Fish, Fowle, Hogs, and other things for the sustenance of man, and which they most of all feared, water: but no people, nor any kind of cattle, except those Hogs, and a few wild Cats; which in likelihood had swam ashore out of some Ship cast away upon the coast, and there increased. They abode there nine months, during which time, with help of such things as they saved of the Sea venture, and of such as they found in the Country, they built of Cedar, and rigged fit for the Sea, two Vessels, a Ship and a Pinnace, and upon the tenth of May 1610. departed toward Virginia, leaving only two men behind them, and carrying with them store of provision for the relief of the people there. Upon the 24. of May, they arrived safely there, and shortly after some of them returned to the Summer Lands again for a further supply, in the same Ship which they had formerly built there; where Sir George Summer dying, his men did not according to his last charge given unto them, return to Virginia; but framed their course for England, leaving behind them three men, that stayed voluntarily, who shortly after found in Somerset Island, which is part of Sandys Tribe, a very great treasure in Ambergris, to the value of nine or ten thousand pound sterling: there hath also been found since divers times of the best sort.  
This new discovery of the Summer Lands, being thus made known in England, to the Virginian Company, by these men which returned, they sold to some hundred and twenty persons of the same Company, who obtained a Charter from his Majesty, and so hold it. And toward the latter end of April, 1612. sent thither a ship called the Plough, with some sixty persons, to inhabit, appointing Governor one Master Richard Moor, a man ingenious and careful, who since died in Sir Walter Rawleyes' last voyage to Guiana, (a place as appeareth by our modern Geographers, very rich and spacious). But, as I say, he arrived there about the beginning of july, and found the foresaid three men that stayed voluntarily, very well. Master Moor spent three years of his government for the most part in fortifying the Country, and training the people in martial exercises, which custom hath been continued by his successors: he built some nine or ten Forts, placing Ordinance and Munition in them. In his time, the Lord sent upon the Country a very grievous scourge and punishment, threatening the utter ruin and desolation of it: That it came from God I need not strive to prove, especially considering it was generally so acknowledged by us at that time: The causes and occasions of it I need not name, being very well known to us all that then lived there, which were about 600. persons, though shortly after much diminished. I will only show the thing itself, which was a wonderful annoyance by silly Rats: These Rats coming at the first out of a Ship, few in number, increased in the space of two year, or less, so exceedingly, that they filled not only those places where they were first landed: But swimming from place to place, spread themselves into all parts of the Country. In so much, that there was no Island, though severed by the Sea from all other Lands, and many miles distant from the Isles where the Rats had their original, but was pestered with them. They had their nests almost in every tree, and in all places their Burrowes in the ground (like Coneys) to harbour in. They spared not the fruits of Plants or Trees, neither the Plants themselves, but eat them up. When we had set our Corn, they would commonly come by troops the night following, or so soon as it began to grow, and dig it up again. If by diligent watching any of it were preserved till it came to caring, it should then very hardly scape them. Yea, it was a difficult matter after we had it in our houses, to save it from them, for they became noisome even to the persons of men. We used all diligence for the destroying of them, nourishing many Cats, wild and tame, for that purpose; we used Ratsbane, and many times set fire on the Woods, so as the fire might run half a mile or more before it were extinct: Every man in the Country was enjoined to set twelve Traps, and some of their own accord set near a hundred, which they visited twice or thrice in a night. We trained up our Dogs to hunt them, wherein they grew so expert, that a good Dog in two or three hours' space, would kill forty or fifty Rats, and other means we used to destroy them, but could not prevail, finding them still to increase against us.   map of the Bermudas 
Mappa AESTIVARUM Insularum alias Bermudas dictarum, ad ostia Mexicani aestuarij iacentium in Latitudine Graduum 32: minutorum 25. Ab Anglia. Londino Scilicet versus I●● notum 3300 Miliaribus Anglicanis, et a Roanoack (qui locus est in Virginia) versus Euro notum 500 Mil. accu 〈…〉  
A Map of the SUMMER 〈…〉 nds once called the ●●rmudas Lying at the mouth 〈◊〉 the bay of Mexico in the ●titude of 32. degr. 25. mi: ●●●tant from England viz from ●●●don toward the west south●●st 3300. miles And from ●●anoack in Virginia toward the east south east ●●0 miles exactly Surveyed.  
About this time, or immediately before, came thither a company of Ravens, which continued with us all the time of this mortality, and then departed. There were not before that time, nor since (so far as I hear) any more of them seen there. And this, with some other reasons of more moment, moved many to think that there were some other Lands near the Sommer-Ilands, between Virginia, and it; and Master Moor (in his time, with some others of us) went forth in a Boat so far as then we could conveniently, of purpose to discover it: Since then, it hath been endeavoured by others, and is yet (as I hear) to be further attempted. And howsoever I am persuaded (for certain causes which I cannot here relate) there is no such thing; Yet would I not dis-animate any from this enterprise, for if they find any, their labours will be well recompensed; and though they find none, yet might they discover those parts so well, that the passage to and from Virginia would be more safe and easy.  
But to return from whence we have digressed: The extremity of our distress began to abate a little before Master Moor's time of Government was expired, partly by supplies out of England, of victual and provision for fishing, and partly by that rest and liberty we then obtained, the Country being fortified. Yet the Rats increased and continued almost to the end of Captain Tuckers time, although he was provident and industrious to destroy them, but toward the end of his time it pleased God (by what means it is not well known) to take them away, in so much that the wild Cats and many Dogs which lived on them were famished, and many of them leaving the woods, came down to the houses, and to such places where they use to garbage their Fish, and became tame. Some have attributed this destruction of them to the increase of wild Cats, but that is not likely they should be so suddenly increased rather at that time, then in the four years before. And the chief occasion of this supposition was because they saw such companies of them leave the Woods, and show themselves for want of food. Others have supposed it to come to pass by the coldness of the weather, which notwithstanding is never so great there, as with us in March, nor scarce as it is in April, except it be in the wind; besides, the Rats wanted not feathers of young Birds and Chickens which they daily killed, and of Palmeto Moss (as we call it) to build themselves warm nests out of the wind, as usually they did. Neither doth it appear that the cold was so mortal to them, seeing they would ordinarily swim from place to place, and be very fat even in the midst of Winter. It remaineth then, that as we know God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes, and sometimes against them: So we need not doubt but that in the speedy increase and spreading of these Vermin; as also, in the preservation of so many of us by such weak means as we then enjoyed, and especially in the sudden removal of this great annoyance, there was joined with, and besides the ordinary and manifest means, a more immediate and secret work of God.  
Now to proceed, Master Moor's time of government being expired, Captain Tucker succeeded, arriving there about mid-May, 1616. who likewise governed (according to the custom) three years; which time he spent, for the most part, in husbanding the Country, planting and nourishing all such things as were found either fit for Trade, or for the sustentation and use of the Inhabitants, wherein he traveled with much diligence and good success, sending to some parts of the Indies for Plants and Fruits: he also added to the fortifications, and made some enclosures. In his time, viz. in the year 1617. was sent a Ship and provision, with men of skill, for the kill of Whales; but they arrived there too late, to wit, about the midst of April, so that before they could make ready their Shallops, and fit themselves, the principal season for Whale-fishing was passed: For the Whales come thither in januarie, and depart again toward the latter end of May: yet they struck some, but found them so lively, swift, and fierce after they were stricken, that they could take none. They yield great store of Oil, as appeared by one that drove to shore on Somerset Island, in Sandys Tribe: and by another that we found not far from thence dead upon a Rock.  
I also received by Captain Tucker, directions from the Adventurers to divide the Country, and to Assign to each Adventurer his shares or portion of land: and withal, a description, with notes touching the manner how they would have it done, as they had formerly determined by lot. Which thing I did with all faithfulness and diligence, the manner of it doth above appear, and is more largely manifested in a Book of the Survey of the Country, exhibited to the Right Honourable his Majesty's Council, and the Court of Adventurers for these parts. And then began this, which was before as it were an unsettled and confused Chaos (I mean as touching a Plantation, for considered only as a Regiment it was otherwise) to receive a convenient disposition, form, and order, and to become indeed a Plantation; for though the Country was small, yet they could not have been conveniently disposed and well settled, without a true description and Survey made of it; and again every man being settled where he might constantly abide, they knew their business, and fitted their household accordingly. They built for themselves and their families, not Tents or Cabins, but more substantial houses: they cleared their grounds, and planted not only such things as would yield them their fruits in a year, or half a year: but all such too, as would afford them profit after certain years, etc. So that in short time after, even before the expiration of Captain Tuckers government, the Country began to aspire and nearly to approach unto that happiness and prosperity wherein now is flourisheth. For may it not justly be accounted happiness and prosperity, for men to live where they enjoy the means of true religion and salvation, to wit, the sincere ministry of the Word and Sacraments? where the government is good, without rigour and oppression, the place healthful and temperate? where they are freed from all extreme care and toil? where they have food in abundance, and very good, with other things needful to the body? and where they have commodities meet for Trade, by which they may better and advance their estates? all which and more is largely verified in the present estate of that Colony, whatsoever some maliciously minded, or to evil ends suborned, may say to the contrary, so that there may seem to be a restauration of that golden age so much spoken of.  
The Governor now there resident, is one Captain Butler, for Captain Tucker departing thence in December, 1618. left in his place, Captain Kendal, (who also was one that supplied the same place in the interim, between Master Moor's time and Captain Tuckers) and hath spent some nine or ten years in the Country. But in the year 1619. about Midsummer, the Adventurers sent thither as Governor for three years, (according to the custom) the said Captain Butler, and four Ships, with some five hundred persons, there being at that time in the Country only five hundred more: for by the space of four years, to wit, during the later part of Master Moor's government, and all the time of Captain Tuckers, they had sent few thither, being almost hopeless of the place, by reason of the Rats: But since there have been sent many Companies more than have come to my knowledge. In so much that I understand the Country is now almost fully Planted and Inhabited.  
Thus I have briefly related, (so far forth as hath come to my knowledge and remembrance) every thing of most note and importance that hath befallen in the first discovery and planting of these Lands, till this present. I have laboured to contract myself, yet have exceeded my extended limits. Now I must speak something of the Country itself: which consisteth of a company of small Lands, situate and form as above appeareth. It lieth in the Western Ocean, in that part of the world lately discovered, and called AMERICA, or the NEW WORLD, vulgarly, the WEST INDIES: It hath Latitude, or elevation (as is abovesaid) 32. Degrees 25. minutes, which is almost the same with the Maderaes, or rather more Southward. Now the better to manifest the situation of it, I have reduced the whole into a narrow room, placing it, as above appear at the Centre or middle of the Fly or Compass: and withal have made an appearance of the Sea-coast of VIRGINIA, as also of sundry other places of Note adjacent, according to their true position and distance from it, as near as I could gather; so that the Compass showeth how any of those places bear from the SUMMER LANDS: and if you measure by the parts of the graduated Meridian, from the middle of the Compass to any of those places, you have their distance. For every Degree is twenty Leagues, or sixty Miles.  
The Country is round about environed with Rocks; which to the Northward, Westward, & South-West-ward, extend farther then hath been yet discovered: By reason of these Rocks the Country is very strong: For there is only two places (and scarce two, except to such as know them well) where shipping may safely come in: & those places are very well fortified: but within its room to entertain a Royal Fleet. The Rocks in most places appear at a low water: neither are they much covered at a high water; For it ebbs and flows there, not above five foot. The shore itself (for the most part) is a Rock: so hardened by the Sun, Wind, and Sea, that it is not apt to be worn by the waves; whose violence is also broken by the Rocks, before they come at the shore. The Mould is of divers colours; neither Clay, nor Sand, but a mean between. The Red, which resembleth Clay, is worst; the whitish, resembling Sand, and the blackish Clay, is good: the Brown between them both (which they call white, because there is mingled with it as it were a white Marle) is best. Under the mould two or three foot deep, and sometimes less, is a kind of white, hard substance, which they call the Rock: the Trees usually fasten their roots in it; and draw their nourishment from it: Neither is it indeed Rock or Stone, nor so hard, though for the most part harder than Chalk, nor so white, but Pumice-like and spongy, easily receiving and containing much water: I have seen, in some places, Clay found under it. It seems to be engendered of the Rain-water, draying through the earth, and drawing with it of his substance, unto a certain depth where it congeals. The hardest kind of it (which is commonly under the red ground) is not so spongy, nor re●●ins much water; but lveth in the ground in Quarries, as it were thick Slates one upon another: & there is some chinks or crevices betwixt one lare and another, through which the water hath passage: so that in such places there is scarce found any fresh water. For all, or the most part of their fresh water (whereof they have good store) cometh out of the Sea; draining through the sand, or through the fore said substance, which they call the Rock, and leaving his salt behind, it becomes fresh: Sometimes we digged wells of fresh water, within four or five pases of the Seaside; sometimes further off. The most part of them would ebb and flow, as the Sea did, and be level or little higher than the superficies of the Sea.  
The air is most commonly clear, very temperate, moist, with a moderate heat, very healthful, and apt for generation and nourishing of all things; so that there is scarce any thing transported from hence thither, but it yields a far greater increase; if it be any living thing, becomes fatter and better-liking, then here. By this means the Country was so replenished with Hens and Turkeys, within the space of three or four years, that being neglected, many of them forsook the houses, and became wild, and so lived in great abundance. The like increase there is of Hogs and other Cattle, according to their kinds. There seems to be a continual Spring, which is the cause that some few things come not to that maturity and perfection, as were requisite. And though the Trees do shed their leaves, yet they are always full of green. The Corn is the same which they use almost in all parts of the West Indies, to wit, Maiz: which, to such as are used to it, is more hearty and nourishing then our English Wheat, and yields a far greater increase, as a pound, sometimes, of one or two grains. Of this Corn, and divers other things without either ploughing or digging the ground, they have two harvests every year: for they set about March, which they gather in july; and again in August, which is ripe in December: And little slips of Figtrees, and Vines, do usually bear fruit in less than a year after they be planted, sometimes in half a year. The like fertility it hath in other things.  
There is scarce at any time to be perceived either frost or snow, nor any extreme heat; for there is almost always some wind stirring, which cleareth and cooleth the air. Their Summers and Winters observe the same times with ours, but their longest days & nights are shorter than ours in England by two hours and almost a half: as also their shortest days and nights are as much longer than ours: for their longest days and nights are about fourteen hours, and their shortest ten. When it is Noon with us, it is Morning with them; and when it is about five of the clock in the Evening with us, it is high noon with them: so that whilst the Sun declines with us, it riseth with them, as also it doth in Virginia. It is apt to thunder and lightning all the year, ofttimes more terrible then in England; but no man, or other living creature have I known hurt by it. There is no venomous creature in the Country: the yellow Spider which is there, making her web as it were of silk, and bringing forth her young (as the Alchemists their stone) of Eggs like little balls of quicksilver, is not perceived to be any whit venomous. Yet there is a Plant (that climbeth trees like Ivy, the leaf also of the same colour, but in shape like the Vine) that is somewhat venomous, but of no great force.  
There is great store and variety of Fish, and so good that these parts of the World afford not the like; which being for the most part unknown to us, each man gave them names as they best liked: As one kind they called Rock-fish, another Groopers, others Progy-fish, Hog-fish, Angel-fish, Cavallyes, Yellow-tayles. Spanish Makarell, Mullets, bream, Conny-fish, Morrayes, Sting-tayles, Flying fish, etc. The like they did by the Fowl, as Cohooes, Sand Birds, Herons, Duck and Teal, Pemlicoes, Castle-boobies, Hawks, etc. The Country, when we first began the Plantation, was all overgrown with woods and Plants of several kinds: and to such kinds as were unknown to us (which were the most part) we also gave names; such as were known retaining their old names: as Cedars, Palmetoes, Black-wood, White-wood, Yellow-wood, Mulbery-trees, Stopper-trees, Laurel and Olive-trees, Mangrowes, Pepper-trees, Yellow-berry-weed, Red-weed: These and many others, we have naturally growing in the Country. But since it hath been inhabited, there hath been brought thither, as well from the Indies, as from other parts of the World, sundry other Plants, as Vines of several kinds, Sugarcanes, Figtrees, Appletrees, Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranates, Plantaines, Pines, Parsnips, Radishes, Artichokes, Potatoes, Cassado, Indigo, and many other: In so much that it is now become as it were some specious Garden or Nursery of many pleasant and profitable things.  
Now if I should proceed to a more special Narration, and speak of all these Plants, Birds, Fishes, and other remarkable things particularly: I could not but be much larger than were any ways expedient in this place. Besides, I have long since understood, that Captain Butler (the Governor there resident) hath undertaken to write of these and the like things, a peculiar Treatise. This therefore that is spoken touching the nature of the Country in general, shall suffice. Only to give the Reader some taste and satisfaction in that kind, I will make choice of two particulars, whereof I will speak, not so largely as the thing requires; but so far forth as will be meet and convenient in this place. The first shall be the Tortoise, which they call a Turckle: which having some affinity and resemblance with Fishes, Beasts, and Fowls, shall serve in stead of an History of them all. The other shall be that which they call the prickled Peartree: which participating in nature, and resembling in some things, Herbs, and in other, Trees; shall likewise serve in stead of the natural History of them both.  
And first of the Turckle, not regarding (for brevity's sake) the large discourses of others; I will only write what I have seen and known myself. They are in the shape of their body like a Crabfish; and have four ●innes: they are as great as three or four men can carry: the upper part of them is covered with a great shell, which we call a galley-patch weighing (as I take it) half a hundred weight: that flesh that cleaveth to the inside of this being roasted against the fire, is excellent meat, almost like the marrow of Beef; but the shell itself harder than horn: she hath also a shell on her belly, not so hard, but being boiled it becometh soft like the sinews or gristle of Beef; and good meat. These live in the Sea, spending the Springtime, and part of Summer about these Lands: but the residue of the year, we know not where. They are like to Fowl in respect of smallness and fashion of their heads and necks: which are wrinkled like a Turkeys, but white, and not so sharp billed. They also breed their young of Eggs which they lay. They resemble Beasts, in that their flesh is like Veal, but more hard and solid; and they feed always upon grass growing at the bottom of the water, neither can they abide any longer under water, then they hold their breath; which the old ones will do long: but the young ones being chased to and fro, cannot continue two minutes without coming up to breathe. Shortly after their first coming in, the Male and Female couple, which we call cooting; this they continue some three days together, during which time, they will scarce separate though a Boat come to them, nor hardly when they are smitten. Not long after, the she-Turckle comes up by night upon some sandy bay; and further up then the water useth to flow, she digs a hole with her fin in the sand, some two foot deep; and there coming up several nights lays her eggs, some half a bushel (which are about the bigness of a Hen's egg, and round as a ball) and each time covers them with sand very curiously; so that a man shall hardly find the place. These eggs (as it seems) are afterwards hatched by heat of the Sun, and then by the providence of God (the means as yet unknown to us) are brought out of the earth, for we could never perceive that she returns any more to them, and yet in likelihood they remain not long in the earth after they are hatched, because (as I have before said) they cannot live without breathing. We sometimes see of the young one's no bigger than a man's hand, which some fish will devour. They grow slowly, and seem to have a very long life; they'll sleep on the top of the water, and were wont to sleep often on the land, till the Country was peopled; they will also live out of the water some three weeks, and that without meat, but mourn and pine a way; they are weary witty. Being on the land turned upon their backs, they can no more without some help or advantage recover themselves; by which means when they come on shore to lay their eggs, they are easily taken, as also they are when they are cooting. But otherwise we take them for the most part by night, making a great light in a Boat, to which they will sometimes swim, and seldom shun: so that a man standing ready with a staff in his hand, which hath at one end a socket, wherein is an Iron less than a man's finger, foure-square and sharp, with a l●ne fastened to it, he striketh this Iron into the upper shell of the Turckle, it sticks so fast, that after she hath a little tired herself by swimming to and fro, she is taken by it. They will live, the head being cut off, four and twenty hours; so that if you cut the flesh with a knife, or touch it, it will tremble and shrink away. There is no meat will keep longer either fresh or salt.  
But leaving these, we will now come to speak of the prickled pears, which are a fruit growing in these Lands, in such places as are scarce fit for any thing else, namely, upon rocks and cliffs, and commonly by the Seaside, as if the salt water did somewhat help to the generation and nourishing of them. The tree seems to grow certain years before it bears fruit, and then to continue bearing, very many years, having almost all the year long fruit upon it. And although we call this a tree, yet hath it scarce any body or branches, but consisteth in a manner wholly of leaves and fruit, soft and brittle. But because there is a very learned Writer hath made a description (as it may seem) of this Plant, wherein he hath given some light of that profit and commodity that may arise of it; I have thought good to translate the same into English, and here to insert it, which is as followeth. Card de variet. Rerum.  
The Purple or Scarlet dye hath always been of greatest value, and it is twofold, to wit, of Wool, which in times past was thus coloured, with the juice of a 
a There is in the Summer Lands (as I have seen, to the Westward of port-royal) such a kind of fish yielding a purple Iuice● but I do not so well remember it as to set down certainly whether it be the purple fish be here speaks of.  fish, whereof we have spoken where we treated of fishes. Of late it hath been died with 
b This seemeth to be of a kind of Palm, but much different from the Palmetoes that are in the Som●er Lands.  Coccus, whereof we have also spoken in his place. But Silk as we have said, was died with certain knots of 
c He means not Cutchene●e which is a fly brought from the Indies, without heads; but little worms, breeding on the root of a Plant called Bibenella.  Bibenella: though now for the most part with the grain coming of the 
d This is that we call the prickled pear.  Indian Fig: hereof we made mention whilst we spoke of Aloes, as also where we spoke of Silk die: It will not be amiss now to gather them both into one. The Indian Fig is so called, because in respect of the form of the fruit the greatness of his leaves it resembleth a Fig: But I will describe it more accurately; for when I was at Genua, I there saw it at a certain Physicians house, where also I first saw the Indian Balm. This Indian Fig is called by them of Mexico, where there is great store of them, Nuchtly, ●nd the tree itself Nopai: But the Indians of Hispaniola call both the tree and the fruit Tuna. Some also do account that which they call Pythaya, to be of the same kind: because in these two things they agree, namely, in that they have both a very bright red colour, staining the hands, and colouring the urine, that it seems to be blood: they both also have red grains within the fruit as a Fig, and both grow on prickled Plants: but they differ in the fruit; that which they call Pythaya, is not crowned as the other which they call Tuna is: but in form resembleth a Quince, being of a blood red-colour, and a very hard rind.  
The Plant therefore that bears the foresaid fruit, called Tuna or Nuchtly, hath his leaves a foot long, and half a foot broad, and near an Inch thick, very green and full of long stiff▪ prickles, almost of an ash colour. The best fruit are those which are white, next, those which are yellow; in the next place those which are of changeable colour: the last and worst sort of these 
* There are only of these two last 〈◊〉 in the Summer Lands.  are those which are green, and any of these sorts are usually eaten without fear.  
The fruit itself is very like a 
* You must understand it to be meant whilst the Figs are on the trees.  Fig, as well in respect of the limmernesse and softness of the rind, as also in form or shape, save that it is somewhat longer: and hath as it were a crown on the top, like Medlars.  
This his description of the Indian Fig called, as it seems by the Indians, in some places, Tuna, in others Nuchtly, exactly agreeth with that fruit which in the Summer Islands we call the prickled Pear: Neither is there any such difference as can make them appear to be of divers kinds. I understand that the like fruit is also growing in Virginia, I have seen of the leaves of this tree, being full of great prickles, hanged round about the walls of a Storehouse to preserve the Come that was therein the Rats: which after a month or two dropping down, have again grown and produced other trees by the walls side. The leaves are full of juice, clear and clammy as the whites of Eggs. Now touching the dying of Silk or Scarlet with this fruit I have known no trial to be made: but this light being given, I doubt not but some will exercise their skill that ways: Two things are herein requisite, first that it may have his perfect maturity and ripeness; and than that it be used in such manner, and with such materials as are convenient: whether Arsenic, Allome, Tartar, alias argol, Wormseed, the scum of Soap, the water of Bran, or what else: and yet perchance the diversity of Regions may make all frustrate. For I have found by experience setting the seeds here in England, the Plant to degenerate so much that it could scarce be known from a Thistle. Much more might be spoken hereof, which I let pass, that I might draw to an end.  
Now because (as I have before said) these Islands may seem, as well in the strange manner of their discovery as in respect of their strength and situation, to be ordained and reserved by the providence of God, not so much for themselves (being small) as for the more easy and commodious planting of other parts of this new World; and especially of Virginia. And because by the wisdom and discretion of his Majesty's Counsel for that place, it hath been lately ordered and foreseen that the Summer Islands might have some necessary coherence, and as it were dependency upon Virginia, (so that look how much land any man doth properly possess in the Summer Islands, he hath at least four times so much in Virginia) the care also and oversight of them both being committed to the right Honourable the Earl of Southampton: (whose Honourable affection and endeavours as they have every way appeared for the good of this Commonwealth, so particularly in the government of these affairs: Insomuch that they are on a sudden grown to thrice so great strength and prosperity as formerly they had.) I say for these causes, having myself spent certain years in the one place, and being sometimes conversant with such as have lived in the other, I think it fit to express my opinion truly as I am persuaded of these Plantations, and so explaining it by two or three arguments to conclude. I say therefore the Countries being free to be possessed, affording things meet for household provision and trade, and being also healthful and agreeable to the constitutions of our Countrymen; all which of the one I know and can affirm, and of the other understand no less: the planting of them (besides the benefit of the adventurers) must needs add much to the strength, prosperity and glory of this Kingdom, would prove a singular benefit to the native Inhabitants of Virginia; and also to such our Countrymen as should go over, and in all tend to the glory of God. For first, touching such as go over. It is not unknown that amongst other things wherein God hath prospered our Nation, this is one: that he hath caused us to multiply and increase exceedingly; Insomuch that his blessing pronounced touching the jews, that their children should say, Isa. 40.20. The place is strait for me, give place to me that I may dwell, may seem after a sort to be verified & accomplished in us at this day: so that although many thousands were aspared, the land would remain abundantly replenished: which being so, if such as lack means here (as many do) to support the charges incident to themselves and their families, in such sort as were requisite, to go over thither; they are forthwith endowed with lands and employments, whence through their industry they may raise their estates. And it is certain there are very few there, but they maintain themselves far better, and with less care and pains than they did or could do here. Again, if they be such as have means to purchase land there, and transport servants at their own charge, they have in their lands large pennyworths, and for their servants many profitable employments. Secondly, the benefit that should redound to the native Inhabitants of Virginia is very great, whilst by this means they might in time be reclaimed from their rude conditions, and savage kind of life, to more humanity and knowledge, being instructed in Arts and Occupations; and furnished with sundry instruments, so necessary in humane Societies, that without them we could not well subsist: and finally be reduced to a more civil and orderly form of government. But chiefly and in the first place, those silly creatures sitting now in darkness, and in the shadow of death: might be delivered from darkness to light, & from the power and tyranny of Satan, unto God, by faith in Christ. Lastly, as it would add much to the fame and glory of this Kingdom, so would it to the strength and prosperity thereof: whilst we might be served from thence with sundry commodities which we now obtain from other places with the exporting and diverting hence an infinite treasure, and that many times to the enriching of the enemies of our State and Religion: as Currants, and other fruit, Oils, Gums, cotton-wool, Sugar, Rich Furs, Caviar and Cordage, Masts, Planks, Board's, Pitch, Tar, Pot-ashes, and Soap-ashes, Hemp, Flax, Iron, Salt, Silks, Woad, Madder, Indigo, and other Drugs for Dyes., and Physic, etc. For it is not to be doubted, but these and the like things do cost this Kingdom yearly many Millions of wealth. Some men will say, though these things or any them were brought us from these Plantations, yet would there be little saved to this Commonwealth, because they would and in equity might expect to receive their price for them; but the difference is very great: First, because we might have them from thence at lower Rates, the voyage being shorter and less dangerous than in any of the others: Secondly the customs and other duties which we now pay in Foreign Countries would there be saved; for though they were as great as they are in those countries, yet would they wholly redound to the benefit of his Majesty, and consequently to the good of this Kingdom: Thirdly, forasmuch as those which are Adventurers thither, live and have their estates here in Englaud, & condition with such as they send over at their charge upon their lands, to receive from them the ratable moiety of all such profits as shall be raised on their lands: It is evident that a great part of those commodities would be brought in without any charge to this Kingdom, whilst there should be neither money, nor wares exported for them: And so they would become as it were the natural commodities of our own Country. Moreover the Planters there are our Countrymen, members of the same Commonwealth with us: who may no doubt in short time deserve of the Indians so well, in the things before mentioned, and succouring them in their wants, etc. as may move them freely without compulsion or injury, to resign themselves to his Majesty's protection and government. And many other benefits are like to arise of this worthy action, which might stir up forwardness in the prosecution of it. But let this suffice to be spoken in this place.   


BRITANNIA  
THE THEATRE OF THE EMPIRE OF GREAT BRITAIN: Presenting AN EXACT GEOGRAPHY of the Kingdoms of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, IRELAND, and the ISLES adjoining: With The Shires, Hundreds, Cities and Shire towns, within the Kingdom of ENGLAND, divided and described By JOHN SPEED.  
IMPRINTED AT LONDON Anno Cum Privilegio 1627.  
Are to be sold by George Humble at the Whit horse in Popes-head Alley  
A BRITAIN  
A ROMAN  
A SAXON  
A DANE  
A NORMAN    

THE BRITISH EMPIRE CONTAINETH AND HATH NOW IN ACTVALL possession, those many, and renowned KINGDOMS, and PRINCIPALITIES DESCRIBED IN THIS OUR THEATRE.  
THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND, anciently containing seven famous Kingdoms: 

1 The Kingdom of Kent.  
2 The Kingdom of South-Saxons.  
3 The Kingdom of Westsaxons.  
4 The Kingdom of East-Saxons.  
5 The Kingdom of Northumbrians.  
6 The Kingdom of East-Angles.  
7 The Kingdom of Mercia.    
THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND, anciently containing these three Kingdoms: 

1 The Kingdom of Scots.  
2 The Kingdom of Picts.  
3 The Kingdom of the Iles.    
THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES, anciently containing these three Kingdoms: 

1 The Kingdom of North-Wales.  
2 The Kingdom of Powysland.  
3 The Kingdom of South-Wales.    
THE KINGDOM OF IRELAND, anciently containing these five Kingdoms: 

1 The Kingdom of Monster.  
2 The Kingdom of Leinster.  
3 The Kingdom of Meth.  
4 The Kingdom of Connaught.  
5 The Kingdom of Ulster.    
THE KINGDOM OF MAN, with the Isles adjoining.   


THE ACHIEVEMENT OF OUR SOVEREIGN KING JAMES AS HE NOW BEARETH With the ARMS of the Several kings that have anciently reigned within his now Dominions  
DIEV ET MON DROIT  
HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE.    

TO THE MOST HIGH AND MOST POTENT MONARCH, JAMES, OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND KING; THE MOST CONSTANT AND MOST LEARNED DEFENDER OF THE FAITH; INLARGER AND UNITER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE; RESTORER OF THE BRITISH NAME; ESTABLISHER OF PERPETUAL PEACE, IN CHURCH AND COMMONWEALTH; PRECEDENT OF ALL PRINCELY VIRTUES AND NOBLE ARTS:  
JOHN SPEED, HIS MAJESTY'S MOST lowly and most loyal Subject and Servant, consecrateth these his Labours, though unworthy the aspect of so high an Imperial Majesty.   


DIEV ET MON DROIT  
✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MALFATO ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚    

TO THE WELL-AFFECTED AND FAVOURABLE READER.  
SO great was the attempt to assay the erection of this large and laborious THEATRE, whose only platform might well have expected the readiest hand of the best Artist, that even in the entrance of the first draught, as one altogether discouraged, I found myself far unfit and unfurnished both of matter and means, either to build, or to beautify so stately a project. But how the Lord then composed my mind for the Work, or rather how his own great power would be seen in my weakness, is now in some measure made manifest by raising the frame thereof to this height, which here from the Press showeth his aspect unto the world. But with what content to thy eye (gentle Reader) I stand in suspense, so many Master-builders having in this subject gone before me, and I the least, not worthy to hew (much less to lay) the least stone in so beautiful a Building: neither can I for my heedless presumption allege any excuse, unless it be this, that the zeal of my Country's glory so transported my senses, as I knew not what I undertook, 
The principal motives of Writing.  until I saw the charges thereof (by others bestowed) to amount so high, as I held it a conscience to frustrate their designments; wherein albeit, it may be objected that I have put my Sickle into other men's Corn, and have laid my Building upon other men's Foundations (as indeed who can do otherwise, especially in a subject of this nature, seeing that the wisest of Kings witnesseth, 
Eccles. 1.9.  that there is nothing new under the Sun) yet let this in part suffice for my defence, that in the work of the Tabernacle there was more metals used then the orient Gold, 
Exod. 31.  and more workmen employed then Aholiab and Bezaleel; 
Exod. 25.  neither did all the Israelites offer to that most glorious Work, Gold, Silver, Onix-stones, Purple, Scarlet, and fine Linen: but some of them, Brass, Wood, Goats-haire, Rams fells, and Badgers skins, as necessary implements in their several Services. 
Mark. 12.42.  If then, with the poor Widow, I cast in my mite, and by mine own travel add somewhat more than hath been already divulged, let me crave thy acceptance, where I have done right, and thine assistance to correct where I miss, which I trust may as well be hoped as requested, thy love with mine being alike obliged unto this our native Land. Whose beauty and benefits, not afar off, 
Exod. 34.  as Moses saw Canaan from Pisgah, but by mine own travels through every Province of England and Wales, 
Things described upon a personal survey of all England and Wales.  mine eyes have beheld: and whose Climate, Temperature, Plenty and Pleasures, make it to be as the very Eden of Europe (pardon me I pray, if affection pass limits) for the store of Corn in the Champion, and of Pasturage in the lower Grounds, presseth the Cart under the sheaves to the Barn, and filleth the Coffers of their possessors.  
Neither are the faces of the Mountains and Hills only spread over with infinite Herds and sorts of cattle, 
Amos 2.13.  but their entrails also are in continual travel, and continually delivered of their rich Progenies of Copper, Led, and Iron, Marble, Crystal, Jet, Alabaster; yea the most wonderworking Loadstone; to say nothing either of Cannol and Sea coal, as rich for profit, and as needful for use, or of the goodly Quarries of choicest stone, as necessary for strength, as estimable for beauty. Her Seas and Rivers so stored with Fish, and her Fels and Fens so replenished with wild Fowl, that they even present themselves for ready prey to their takers: briefly, every soil is so enriched with plenty and pleasures, as the Inhabitants think there is no other Paradise in the earth but where themselves dwell. The true plot of the whole Land, and that again into parts in several Cards, 
What is performed in this Worke.  are here described, as likewise the Cities and Shire-townes are inserted, whereof some have been performed by others, without Scale annexed, the rest by mine own travels, and unto them for distinctions sake, the Scale of Paces, accounted according to the Geometrical measure, five foot to a pace I have set; but in this employment I am somewhat to excuse myself from wrongs conceived done unto more beautiful and richer Corporatious, which in this survey are in silence over-passed, and places of less note and frequency described: For satisfaction whereof (good Reader) understand my purpose, according to the Title prefixed, which in this Island (besides other things) is to show the situation of every City and Shire-towne only. 
Cities and Shire-townes.  So that without injury to all, I could not insert some, though oftentimes it grieved me much to leave such beautiful places untouched: which notwithstanding being well known so to be, giveth no little glory to the Land in general, so to be replenished with store and choice, as hardly can be judged which may be omitted. The Shires divisions into Laths, Hundreds, Wapentakes and canters, 
Shire-divisions.  according to their ratable and accustomed manner, I have separated, and under the same Title that the record beareth, in their due places distinguished; wherein by the help of the Tables annexed, any City, Town, Burrough, Hamlet, 
Tables to find all names in the Maps.  or place of note may readily be found, and whereby safely may be affirmed, that there is not any one Kingdom in the world so exactly described, as is this our Island of Great Britain, that only excepted which Josua conquered, and into Tribes divided. The Arms of such Princes and Nobles as have had the dignities, 
Arms of the titular Nobles.  and borne the titles either of Dukes, Marquesses, or Earls, in the same Province, City, or place: and finally, the Battles fought either by the foreign or homebred Conspirators, 
Places of great Battles.  I have also added. Where we from under our own Vines, without fear, may behold the prints of endured miseries, sealed with the blood of those times, to the loss of their lives and liberties; ourselves (as in the reign of Augustus, when the Temple of janus stood shut, and Mars his hands bound with chains of Brass, as Virgil speaketh) hear not the sound of the Alarm in our Gates, nor the clattering of Armour in our Camps, whose Swords are now turned into Mattocks, and Spears into Scythes, as Micah showeth the peaceable times under Christ. 
Micah 4.3.  In showing these things, I have chiefly sought to give satisfaction to all, without offenoe to any, whereof if I fail, yet this to myself have I gained, that whilst I set all my thoughts and cogitations hereon, I had small regard to the bewitching pleasures and vain enticements of this wicked world, 
The benefit made of this labour.  neither had I leisure to be led by an ambitious desire to raise my station above the level of my equals, or with base flattery to follow, and fill the ears of Fortune's Deputies, the reins of these intents checking the bit of affection into another way. And applying myself wholly to the frame of this most goodly Building, have as a poor Labourer carried the carved stones and polished Pillars from the hands of the more skilful Architects, to be set in their fit places, which here I offer upon the Altar of Love to my Country, and wherein I have held it no sacrilege to rob others of their richest jewels to adorn this my most beautiful Nurse, whose Womb was my conception, whose Breasts were my nourishment, whose Bosom my Cradle, and Lad (I doubt not) shall be my bed of sweet rest, till CHRIST by his Trumpet raise me thence.  1 Chron. 28.8. 
Therefore in the sight of the Congregation of the Lord▪ and in the audience of our God, let us keep and ●●cke for all the Commandments of the Lord our God, that we may possess this good Land, and leave it for an inheritance for our Children after us for ever.  
Thine in Christ jesus, JOHN SPEED.   


Al'honneur de l'autheur et son oewre.  
LE trespuissant owrier de la ronde machine,  
Pour son chief d' oewre teint cest ' Isle separee:  
Et quoy que des plus grands thresors du ciel parce  
Son lustre assuiettit an temps et a ruin.  
D'un Dimidieu ewrier d'une fabriq' divine,  
Par la plume se void la bresche reparee,  
La ruin dressee, et la force assuree  
Country la mort, que tant de beautes assassine,  
La policy, le nom, l'invincible courage,  
Les Princes, Provinces, et tout qu' est d'avantage  
Du Breton belliqueux, luisent en son Histoire:  
Pour un owr age donq' atouts tant admirable,  
Faisons, fasons, Brettons, d'un burin memorable,  
Graver le nom de Speed au temple de Memoire.  
T. BARKHAM.   

HEN. SPELMAN Mil. Lectori.  
NON leve, nec temere laudo tibi seria, Lector,  
Gratum opus & dignum consule (crede) vides.  
Noster hic Ortelius, sic nostrum hunc exhibet orbem,  
Vt res emineat, tota Britanna, simul.  
Ora, sinus, fluvii, portus, nemus, oppida, tractus,  
Regna, duces, populi foedera, bella, quies.   

Rich. Saint George Norrey King at Arms, in favour of this Worke.  
IT is far from my purpose, to commend without cause, or by overcurious flourish to make a shadow seem a substance, this work needs no such deceptio visus; The Subject is of itself Honourable, and able to stand without such weak props. The glory of our Nation being almost buried in the pit of Obscurity, is herein revived; the continuance of Christianity traced from age to age, the antiquity and situation of our Towns, Castles, Religious Houses, Nobility, and all other memorable matters so lively portrayed, as in a Glass we may rightly discern the true shape, quality and condition of each of them in particular. This Work therefore being now brought upon the public Stage and view of the world, may in my poor censure give satisfaction to the learned Reader, and abide the touch of the malignant Opposer; which being affected without hope of gain or vain ostentation, with so great care both of body and mind, is the more precious; for, difficilia quae pulchra. Wherein God's power is made known in this his weak but worthy Instrument: and the glory of Great Britain made more famous to the world, as well in the Geographical dimension of the Lands situation, as in the Historical relations of her most famous Monarches and glorious Actions; no Kingdom hitherto so particularly described, nor Nations History by true record more faithfully penned: In honour whereof I sacrifice these Lines of my love upon the Altar of this Work, and celebrate the Author's remembrance to future posterities.   

To my Friend Mr. JOHN SPEED, being very sick.  
GReat Love, and little skill may cause me to missay  
But certainly this sickness cannot make thee die:  
Though cruel Symptoms, and these thirteen years assay  
For thy dear Country, doth thy health and strength decay.  
Yet sith thy toilsome labour, and thy industry  
Is for thy Country's sake, her fame on high to raise:  
She shall thy Temples crown with everlasting Bays,  
And in despite of Death, shall cause thy memory  
To live in endless fame with all posterity.  
Now may she see her beauty, and her riches store,  
What erst she was in every age, and change of State,  
And present greatness such as never heretofore,  
Since this great Monarch ruled from North to Southern shore.  
And sith thy life is to thy Country dedicate,  
Let none presume thy Laurel from thy head to reave  
For this her Story, which thy skilful hand did wove:  
But live and wear it [Speed] until the world's great fate  
Shall bring all earthly things unto their utmost date.  
ALEX: GILL.   

In exactissimi huius Operis Authorem, Eulogium THO: BARKHAM.  
VIncta diu, rumpat despecta silentia, lingua,  
Culmina ut immensi memorem superata laboris  
Speidi tui: insueta jactor licèt (optime) cura,  
Quam tibi pro merito possim circundare palmam.  
Qui coeant populi, quaecunque sub orbe Britanno,  
Digna refers, uno aspectu script ó que, loc ó que,  
Sanguineas pugnas, atavorum bella, palaestras;  
Nobilitans que aptâ patriam compagine rerum,  
Ad nostra exactum deducis tempora filum.  
Ergo erit haec magni merces non parva laboris,  
Egregium pariunt haec quòd monumenta decorem  
Ipsa sibi, ventura quòd haec mirabitur aetas,  
Totá que perpetuas debet Respublica grates.   

To the right well deserving Mr. JOHN SPEED, the Author of this Worke.  

IN this Book, (Bibliothec, or Book of Books;  
TIMES Library, PLACES Geography)  
All that is shown for which the curious looks  
Touching this LAND, for Place, or History.   

In which, thou hast with pain, with care, and skill,  
Surveyed this LAND more near then ere it was:  
For which, thy Wit thou strained haste to thy Will,  
That wils as much as Wit can bring to pass.   

The fair Hibernia, that Western Isle likewise,  
In every Member, Artery, Nerve, and Vein,  
Thou by thine Art dost so Anatomize,  
That all may see each parcel without 
* Travel.  pain.   

Here Time, and Place, like friendly foes do war  
Which should show most desired Particulars;  
But Place gives place, sith Time is greater far;  
Yet Place, well ranged, gets glory by these wars.   

No helps thou hadst, nor no assisting aid  
In this attempt: but, Virtue gave thee might  
That well to do, that well thou hast assayed,  
Which shall (in grace) outlive immortal spite.   

Hadst thou among the Romans lived when they  
Did signiorize the World; A Signiory  
Should then (at least) have guerdoned thy Survey,  
Thy Maps, Descriptions, and thine History.   

But thou dost live when all Arts save the 
* Adulation.  eight  
(Illiberall-liberall Art) a begging go;  
That Art alone, with her true friend Deceit,  
Gets all; then all seeks but that Art to know.   

But, by thy Art though nought be purchased  
But empty Fame (that feeds, but fattens not)  
Yet shall it feed thy NAME till DEATH be dead;  
While empty noble Names away shall rot.   

The Leaves this Book contains, & Maps here graven,  
Are still as Feathers to thy Fame's fair Wings,  
To fan fresh Air upon the face of Heaven;  
And raise the same above all ending Things:  
That when Confusion wracks this double FRAME,  
A Spirit shall move on CHAOS called thy Fame.   
The unfeigned lover of thy Person, JO: DAVIES.   

OF Him that this Great Task hath done  
(Great for the goodness many ways)  
Fame doth affirm he well hath won  
Arts highest Prize, and Palm of praise.  
In Climes, and Realms remote throughout,  
His merits merit rare report:  
For none the like hath brought about;  
Or, equalised in any sort.  
The Shafts of his endeavours, shot  
At Gain, and Pleasure; both have hit:  
His Observations have begot  
On private, public Benefit.  
Chief Cities, Towns, and Countries many  
(Which this vast Globe of Earth affords)  
I oft have viewed; but never any  
So well described by Maps and Words.  
His travelled Body, toiled Mind,  
(To bring this Work at last to rest  
In Period which his Plot designed)  
Should now rest famous with the best.  
The Romans such Deserts did Crown  
With Laurel, which their Soil brought forth;  
But I, of Branches far-off grown,  
Bring Wreaths to this Work, more of worth▪  
The Palm, (wherein rare virtues be,  
And for a Conquest, crownes a King)  
The Olive, and the Cader Tree,  
Fair, fat, and fruitful; these I bring.  
In Egypt, Syria, and the Land  
Of Promise (named by holiest High)  
I could not see, nor understand,  
For virtue, any Trees come nigh;  
As these (worth praise) are profitable,  
They being of the worthiest kinds:  
So in best sense, hath Speed been able,  
To please (worth praise) the worthiest Minds.  
In short, to give him then his due,  
This Art his better never knew.  
IO: SANDERSON.    

THE CONTENTS OF THE chorographical PART.  


THE FIRST BOOK. DESCRIBING THE WHOLE KINGDOM in general, with those Shires, Cities, and Shire-townes, which are properly accounted for ENGLISH.  Countries and Counties. 
Fol.  BArk-shire. 
27  Bedford-shire. 
41  Buckingham-shire. 
43  Cambridge-shire. 
37  Chesse-shire. 
73  Cornwall. 
21  Cumberland. 
87  Derbyshire. 
67  Devon-shire. 
19  Dorcester-shire. 
17  Durham-Bishopricke. 
83  England's General. 
5  Essex. 
31  Gloucestershire. 
47  Great Britain. 
1  Hantshire. 
13  Hertford-shire. 
39  Hereford-shire. 
49  Huntington-shire. 
57  Lands. 
93  Kent. 
7  Lanca-shire. 
75  Leicester. 
61  Lincolne-shire. 
63  Man Island. 
91  Middlesex. 
29  Mounmouthshire. 
107  Northamptonshire. 
55  Norfolk. 
35  North and East Ridings▪ 
81  Northumberland. 
89  Nottinghamshire. 
65  Oxford-shire. 
45  Rutland-shire. 
59  Saxons Heptarchy. 
3  Shrop-shire. 
71  Somerset-shire. 
23  Stafford-shire▪ 
69  Suffolk. 
33  Surrey. 
11  Sussex. 
9  Warwickshire. 
53  Westmoreland▪ 
85  West-Riding. 
79  Wight Island. 
15  Wilt-shire. 
25  Worcester-shire▪ 
51  Yorkshire. 
77    


THE SECOND BOOK. Containing the Counties of Wales.  Countries and Counties. 
Fol.  ANglesey Island. 
125  Brecknockshire. 
109  Caermardenshire. 
103  Caernarvonshire. 
123  Cardiganshire. 
113  Denbighshire. 
119  Flintshire. 
121  Glamorgan-shire. 
105  Merioneth-shire. 
117  Mountgomery-shire. 
115  Penbrokeshire. 
101  Radnor-shire. 
111  Wales General. 
99    


THE THIRD BOOK.  Scotland's Kingdom in one General. 
131    


THE FOURTH BOOK. Containing the Kingdom of Ireland.  Countries and Counties. 
Fol.  IReland General. 
137  Monster. 
139  Leinster. 
141  Conaugh. 
143  Ulster. 
145     

A Brief Description of the Civil Wars, and Battles fought in England, Wales, and Ireland.  
IN this platform here are contained (Gentle Reader) the several Battles fought by Sea and Land, at several times, and in several places of England and Ireland, and the parts adjoining, within these five hundred years last passed. Descriptions of pictures after the manner of fight, as the plot would give room, I have placed, and in the margin by numbers marked, observed the time, year, and event of every Battle. Which being undertaken in satisfaction of the honourable desire of certain Marshal and Noble minded Gentlemen, professors of Arms, and followers of Fame; desirous to see the passed proceedings of their own professions: dealt liberally with me to draw the plot, and were most diligent themselves, in giving directions, to set down the places, persons, and the issue of every Battle fought either by Sea, or Land, in England, Wales, and Ireland. And being finished in a far larger platform (with the liking of the motioners, and good acceptance of her that then was the mirror of her sex, and the maiden Martialist of the then known world, the glorious and everliving Queen ELIZABETH, to whose sacred censure it was commended and dedicated) I intended there to have stayed it from further sight or publication. Since indeed the silence of England's civil wars, better befitted England's subjects, they being the marks of her infamies, and stains to be washed away rather with repentance, than any way revived by too often remembrance. But these defects I saw could not be so smothered, as to be quite forgot: therefore I thought fit at least to make up her honour, with our other proceedings in foreign parts; and insinuate my pen into some little better applause by tracing the victories of the English, as far as the Sun spreadeth his beams, or the girdle of the earth doth any wise encircle it. Not to mention then the fictions of Monmouth, that makes our Author another Caesar in his conquests, nor Polydors proofs for Ethelstans' title unto Scotland, by the cut of his sword an ell deep into a Marble stone, things rather Poetical, then substantial by truth's testimony; In Syria the Longshanks, for the recovery of the holy Cross, made his sword drunk with blood. And before him the Ceur-de-Lion upon the same intent, subdued Cyprus, forced Cursat the King thereof into fetters of silver and gold: assumed the Island to himself, whose title he intended to have changed for that of jerusalem: unto whom Guido the King thereof, with Geffrey de Lenizant his brother, and Raimund Prince of Antioch, with Bo●mound his son, swore fealty to be true and loyal subjects unto King Richard. France felt the heavy hands of Edward, and Henry our English Kings: when the one of them at Poitiers took prisoners john King of France, and Philip surnamed the hardy, his son. And the other at Azincourt in a bloody battle took and slew four thousand Princes, Nobles, Knights, and Esquiers, even all the flower of France, as their own Writers have declared. And at Paris the Crown of France, was set upon Henry 6. his head, homage done unto him by the French; that Kingdom made subject, and their Flower-de-luces', quartered with our Lions of England. Scotland like wise, felt the fury of Henry 2. when their King William was taken prisoner in the field. And to omit the Bailiolls, that made themselves subjects to England: At Novils-Crosse, David King of Scotland, was taken in battle by the English (Queen Philip wife to King Edward the third, being present in field) and both the Kings of France and Scotland, at one time retained prisoners in London, till their liberty was obtained by ransom. Nor was Spain free from England's power, when that Thunderbolt of war (our black Prince) reestablished Peter their King upon his Throne at Burgus: to say nothing of the ruins Spain suffered at Cadez, by the English led by Essex, in revenge of their unvincible vincible Navy, in truth the seal of their truthless cowardice unto this day. And not only the Garter which King Richard the first tied about the legs of his Soldiers, remains still the Royal bound of England's Combinators; but the Round Table of six hundred foot circumference erected at Windsor by King Edward the third, with the allowance of an hundred pounds by week for the diet of his Martialists, may like wise witness. Where the Worthy admitted, by conference and continual practice, got such experience in military affairs, that, that which was ●aid of the Gadites, might have been said of them; They were all valiant men of war, apt for Battle, and could handle spear and shield, their faces were the faces of Lions, and were like the Roes in the mountains for swiftness. In whose imitation Philip de Valois, the French King erected in Paris the like, though his Knights proved not in courage like unto Edward's. And from this Academy of Military professors, commenced such Masters of Military discipline, as Maximilian the Roman Emperor, held it such honour to be incorporated into their Societies, as himself became the King of ENGLAND'S professed Soldier, wore the Cross of Saint George (the Royal Ensign of England) and a Rose (the King's badge) as his faithful Soldier, receiving his pay daily for himself and followers, according to their degrees and estates. Neither were the achievements of Land services crowned with more plumes of Victories in the Helmets of the English, then were their Sea services, defensive, and offensive, both at home and abroad. Their Navy Royal rightly termed the Lady of the Seas, and their Sea-Captaines far outstripping Ulysses in their Travails and Descriptions: for twice in our time, hath the Sea opened her passage through the straits of Magellan, for Drake in his Pelican, and Candish in his Desire, to pass into the South World, and to incirculate the Globe of the whole Earth, whereby themselves and Soldiers (all English) have in those great deeps, seen the wonderful works of the LORD. But upon this subject, I could willingly insist, were it not that the argument of this present Description intends rather to speak of the Domestic and Civil wars of England, then of the foreign and farre-fetched victories that have adorned, and attended the Trophies of the English. From the prosecution of the former, and promulgation of the latter, how unwillingly my Pen is drawn, the roughness of the style, and the slender performance of the whole, doth manifestly show. They being for the most part civil Battles fought between mere Englishmen, of one and the same Nation, wherein the parties victorers, besides the loss of their own side, procured on the other, the fall and ruin of them that were all of his own Country, many of them of his own acquaintance and alliance, and most of them perhaps his own friends in any other cause, then that in which he contended for. But from this general argument, to proceed to some particulars, it shall not be amiss to make some division of them, according to their several qualities of the several quarrels in them which are found to be divers, and of three several natures. Whereof the first, were the invasions attempted by foreign Princes, and enemies against the Kings and people of this Realm. The second, were mere Rebellions of Subjects against their anointed Princes. And the third, dissentious factions betwixt Princes of the blood Royal: of these three, all these effusions of blood have consisted.  
And to begin with the first battle in this plot, which was the first beginning of government of this state as it yet continueth. Such was the attempt of William Duke of Normandy against King Harold the son of Earl Goodwin, who prevailed so against him in fight at Battle in Sussex (a place so called by this event) as the said Duke was afterward King of this Land, and brought the whole Nation under his obedience, as it hath been continued to his posterity ever since. Such was the arrival of Lewes son and heir to Philip King of France, against john King of England, who being carried by his own ambition, accompanied with French Forces, and assisted by the rebellious Barons of this Realm, after variable fortune of fight in several skirmishes, battles, and assaults, was forced in the end, without all honour, or hope to prevail, to make a very shameful retreat into his own Country. Such was also the entry made by james the fourth King of Scots, against King Henry the eight, of famous memory, his brother in law, and sworn ally, at that time absent in the wars of France, who contrary to his oath and alliance formerly made, entered the North frontiers of England, with a mighty Army, had the same discomfited and overthrown, and was himself slain in the field by the English forces, under the leading of the Earl of Surrey, at that time Lieutenant general for King Henry. And especially such was the late enterprise remaining fresh in memory, of Philip late King of Spain, against our dread Sovereign Lady now reigning, in the year of our Lord 1588. attempting by his invincible Navy as he thought, and so termed, under the conduct of the Duke of Medina Celi, which with great pride and cruelty extended against us, arrived on our coasts to England's invasion and subversion, had yet nevertheless here in the narrow Seas, the one part of his Fleet discomfited, taken, and drowned, and the other part forced to their great shame in poor estate to make a fearful and miserable ●light about the coast of Ireland homeward, so that of 158. great ships furnished for war, came to their own coast of Spain but few, and those so torn and beaten by the English Cannons, that it was thought they were unserviceable for ever, and eleven of their ensigns or banners of Idolatry, prepared for triumph and pride in Conquest, were chose to their shame and dishonour showed at Pauls-Crosse, and in other places of this Realm, to God's glory, our joy, and their endless infamy.   map of England and Ireland 
The INVASIONS OF ENGLAND And IRELAND With all their Civil Wars Since the Conquest.  
The second sort of quarrels in these wars, were mere rebellions of subjects against their anointed Princes and Governors: and of these some have been private, and some general. Of the first kind for private occasions, was that of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, against King Edward the second his cosin-germane, upon mislike of the Spencers, greatly favoured by the King, and as much envied of him, who having his forces defeated at Borrowbridge, was there taken prisoner, and after beheaded at Pomfret. Of the same kind was that of Henry Lord Piercie, surnamed Hotspur, and Thomas Piercie Earl of Worcester his Uncle, against King Henry the fourth, at Shrewesburie; where the said Lord Henry was slain, and the other taken prisoner, and after beheaded in the same Town. So was that of Michael joseph the Blacksmith in Cornwall and his company, against King Henry the seventh, for a Subsidy granted in Parliament to the same King, who gathered a head of Rebellion so strong, that at Black-heath near London, they abode battle against their Sovereign, but were there taken, and afterward drawn, headed and quartered at Tyburn. Also such was that of Robert Ket the Tanner of Windham in Norfolk, against King Edward the sixth, pretended against enclosures and liberty to the weal public, was at Norwich taken in the field, and afterward hanged on the top of the Castle of the same Town. And lastly, so was that of Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Kentish-men against Queen Mary for the bringing in of Philip of Spain, they being cut off at S. james, and himself yielded at the Court. Of the latter sort of Rebellions being general, were those of the Barons against K. john, and King Henry the third his son, in their several Reigns. Against the father, in bringing in of foreign powers, and working a resignation of the Crown and Diadem, to the great blemish of their King and Kingdom. And against the son so prosecuted their attempts, that their wars to this day are called and known by the name of the Barons-warres, which had so lamentable consequence, as that after the overthrow and consumption of sundry most noble and ancient houses of England, and both parties wearied with wars: the conclusions of peace which ensued are reported in regard of the precedent murders to be written with blood.  
The third sort of these quarrels in these Civil wars and dissensions, were factious dissensions between Princes themselves of the blood Royal, ambitiously aspiring to the Crown of this Kingdom, and titles of Kings thereof: Of which kind there have been two most notable known amongst us. The first fell betwixt Stephen of Bloyse, Earl of Bolloigne, wrongfully succeeding his uncle King Henry the first, in the Crown of England, on the one party, and Maud the Empress, Daughter and sole heir to the said King Henry, and Henry D. of Normandy (his son and heir, who afterward succeeded the same King Stephen) on the other part, which was followed with such variable success of fortune in many conflicts on both parts, that K. Stephen himself was taken prisoner, and laid in Irons, with extremity used, and the Empress to save her life dangerously adventured thorough the Scouts of the Enemy in the snow slenderly guarded, and before that was driven to such distress, that feigning to be dead, she was laid as a liveless coarse in a Coffin, and so conveyed away in a Horselitter. But the second and last of these two, being the greatest of all the rest, was that which happened between the House of York, descended of Lio●ell of Andwerp, D. of Clarence, second son to K. Edward the third: and the House of Lancaster, issued of john of Gaunt, the third son living of the same King; The occasion of a civil war that raged most cruelly for a long time together, but at that time most extremely, when there reigned two Kings, of either Family; one of Lancaster, Henry the sixth, another of York, Edward the fourth: between whom with the favourers and followers, there were twelve several Battles fought in little more than twelve years' space. In so much as one of our own Writers Edward Hall, the great Chronicler, saith that in these Civil wars betwixt these two Families it cost more English blood, than twice had done the winning of France: and of foreign Writers Philip Comines, Lord of Argentine in France, reporteth that it consumed no less than fourscore Princes of the blood Royal: and Paulus jovius a Bishop of Novo Como in Italy, resembleth the state of these wars to the most tragical story of the City Thebes.  
So let these few examples showed in these 3. general heads, suffice in this brief Description, instead of many that might be brought; for by these we may judge of the rest.  
Now the benefit that may be gathered by perusing the several sorts of them, shall be to consider, in the first, the blessing of God poured upon us, in preserving our Country and Nation against the several Invasions of foreign enemies, notwithstanding their several and many attempts. In the second, the fall and ruin of rebellious Subjects taking Arms against their anointed Kings, Princes, and Governors. And in the third, the power of God and his heavy punishments inflicted upon us for our sins, in making the one party the scourge or maul of the other, with revenging murder by murder, working the depopulation of our fruitful Country, and ruinating of our Cities at home, with loss and revolting of the territories in subjection unto us by just title of inheritance and conquest abroad. And in all of them representing unto us the lamentable Stories of the times forepassed and gone, to compare with the same, the peaceable estate of the happy times possessed and present, wherein Martial men have leisure to win honour abroad, the rest to live in quiet and wealth at home, all factions forgotten, and all rebellions surceased and repressed: and for these blessings to yield due thanks unto Almighty God, that hath provided for us such a Prince, and so directed her in her government over us, that with ease and pleasure we may both behold the one, and enjoy the other, esoecially in these dangerous days of these latter times, when all hostility and outrage of civil wars, broils, and dissensions, have seemed by the power of the Almighty hand of God stretched forth in our defence, to have been transported out of this Island over the Seas into other Countries, in so much as notwithstanding this calm security of our own at home, our neighbour-Nations of all sides abroad, either through the licentious tyranny of ungodly Princes, that have laid persecution upon their Subjects, or the mutinous dissensions of disobedient people, that have raised Rebellions against their Princes, have been so turmoiled with garboil of wars, as they have been pitifully enforced to pray and seek aid at her Majesty's hands, and to submit themselves under the protection of her, whom with us they acknowledge to be the very De●endresse of the Christian Faith and Peace, and the most natural Nurse to the true Church of God. By all loyal duty therefore, we are indebted to yield obedience unto her Majesty, and to her Majesty's most religious government, by which we have received such peace as the world doth admire, and following ages to her eternal fame shall record: and with faithful hearts pray, that peace may ever dwell within her walls, and prosperity abide within her Palaces, and that the abundance of her peace may continue as long as the Sun and Moon endureth.  
Cease civil broils, O England's subject cease,  
With streams of blood stain this fair soil no more:  
As God, so Kings must be obeyed with peace,  
Yield thou thy due, to them their right restore:  
Wash with repentance, these thine acts before:  
Give loyal pledge, with might resist her wrongs,  
That reigns thy Prince, to her thy Sword belongs.  

(1) AT Battle the 14▪ of October being Saturday, the year of Christ 1066. William Duke of Normandy obtained this Land by Conquest, and slew Harald King thereof, with Gerth and Leofwin his brethren, with 67974. Englishmen.  
(2) York burned and 3000. of the Citizens and Normans slain by the Danes, under the leading of Harald and Canutus, sons to Sweno King of Denmark, for the recovery of the Crown to the Danish blood, 1069. W. C. reg. 3.  
(3) Malcolm King of Scots invaded Tefidale, holderness, and Cumberland, charging his Soldiers to spare neither sex nor age of the English Nation, A●. 1071. but the year following was himself forced to do homage to W. C. reg. 5.  
(4) Elie surprised and won by the Conqueror, the last part of this Land that stood out against the Normans, under Hereward their most valiant Captain. An. reg. Conq. 7. 1073.  
(5) The first seating of the English in Wales, through the dissension of their Princes, who being called for partakers, took from the Welsh that which they could not again recover. 1090. reg. 1. Ruf. 3.  
(6) At Al●wick Malcolm King of Scots invading Northumberland, with his son Edward was slain, and all his boast discomfited by Rob. Mowbray Earl of North. reg. Ruf. 5. 1029.  
(7) Northampton endamaged, and the Country adjoining spoilt through the civil dissension of the three brethren, William, Robert, and Henry, sons to the Conq. H. 1. An. 7. 1106.  
(8) Powes land invaded by King Henry 1. and resisted so by the Welsh, being struck with an arrow on the breast that it had almost cost him his life. An. reg. 21. 1121.  
(9) At Cardigan a sore battle was fought in Octob. 1136. whereinmany thousands were slain, and men by women led away captives. reg. Steph. 1.  
(10) Bristol taken by Robert Earl of Gloucester in the defence of his sister Maud the Empress, against K. Stephen. reg. 3. 1138.  
(11) David K. of Scots invading Northumberland made his spoil as far as Alverton in Yorkshire, where being encountered by Thurstan Archbishop of York, William Earl of Albemarle, Wa. Espeke, Wil Peverel, and the two Lacies, Aug. 22. was with his son Henry put to flight, and ten thousand Scots slain, 1139. Sep. 4.  
(12) Nottingham taken and burned by Rob. bastard Earl of Gloucester, in defence of his sister Maud the Empress. 1140. Steph. 5.  
(13) At Lincoln by Ranulph Earl of Chester, and Rob. Earl of Gloucester, K. Stephen was taken prisoner, had to Glocest. thence to Bristol, and there laid in irons. Feb. 2. 1141. reg. 5.  
(14) From Winchester Maud the Empress, her Armies both of Scots and English dispersed & overcome, fled to Lutegarshall, to vieth, and thence to Gloucester, laid in a horselitter, feigned to be her dead corpse, and her brother Rob. taken prisoner. reg. Step. 6. 1141.  
(15) From Oxford Maud the Empress with five persons ●●e, apparelled in white sheets, to deceive the King's Scoutwatch, fled through the snow, and so escaped that besieged Town. An. 1142. Steph. 7.  
(16) At Edmundsbury Robert Earl of Leicester, with Petronill his Countess were taken prisoners, and 20000. taken and slain, by Richard Lucy L. chief justice, and Humphrey d● Bohun high Constable of England. Octob. 17. 1173. H. 2.19.  
(17) At Aluwick. W. King of Scots was taken prisoner by Rob. Scotvile, Randulph Mandevile, Barnard Bailiol, & W. Vescy Capt: his army containing 80000. fight men, july 7. 1174. he was sent to London, and by K. Henry carried into Normandy, imprisoned at Rouen, and ransomed at 4000 pounds.  
(18) At Lincoln all the English Barons with 400. Knights that took part with Lewes, were overthrown and taken, May 19 1217. and first of H. 3.  
(19) At Montgomery Llewellen Prince of Wales through the practice of a traitorous Monk, overcame and slew many of the King's power. An. 1231. reg. H. 3.15.  
(20) At Chesterfield a conflict was done, wherein Robert Ferrer Earl of Derby was taken, and many slain, An. H. 3.41. 1256.  
(21) Northampton surprised by King Henry 3. against his rebellious Barons. April 4▪ 1263. reg. 48.  
(22) At Lewes, May 12. 1264. King H. 3. by his unfaithful Barons, with his brother Richard King of Alman, and his son Prince Edward were taken prisoners. There were slain about 4500. by Simon Montfort & Gil. Clare Earl● of Leicest. & Glocest. reg. H. 3.48.  
(23) At Evesham, the 5. of Aug. 1265. a sore battle was fought wherein K. H. 3. prevailed against the Barons through their own dissensions, and most of them slain, as Sim. Monfort Earl of Leicest. and 17. Lords and Knights besides; Humphrey Bohun, and with him ten men of great account taken prisoners, and slaughter of all the Welshmen. An. reg. 48.  
(24) Berwick won, and 25000. Scottish slain. An. E. 1.24. 1296.  
(25) At Bluith Leolin the last Prince that bare rule of the Britain's, coming from Snowdown, by Rog. Strangb. was slain, and his head crowned with Ivy set upon the Tower of London, Edward 1.10. An. 1282.  
(26) At Mitton 3000. Yorkshire men were slain encountering with the Scots invading their Country, called the white battle, for that it consisted most of Clergymen. An. 1318. reg. E. 2.12.  
(27) Unto Preston in Andernesse Rob. Bruse King of Scots invaded England, burned the same Town, and haried the Country before him, reg. E. 2.14. An. 1322.  
(28) Borrowbridge battle fought betwixt E. 2. and his Barons, Mar. 16. 1322. under the leading of Andr. Hercley Earl of Carlisle, where Tho. Earl of Lanc. was taken and with him 65. Lords and Knights, Hum. Bohun being thrust into the fundament through a bridge was slain. An. reg. 14.  
(29) At Blackamoor the Scots following the English army, took prisoners the Earl of Richm. and the French Ambassador, the King himself hardly escaped▪ An. reg. E. 2.15. 1323.  
(30) At Glamorgan K. E. 2. by his unnatural and cruel wife, was taken November 16. 1326. and conveyed to Monmouth, to Ledbery, to Kenilworth, to Corffe, to Bristol, thence to Barkley Castle, and there lamentably murdered, Septem. 21.  
(31) At Stannop park the Scots entrenched themselves, and against the English made rhymes of disgrace as followeth. An. Edw. 3.2. 1328.  
Long beards heartless, painted hoods witless.  
Gay coats graceless, make England thriftless.  
(32) At Halidow-hill a great battle fought against the Scots, wherein were slain 8. Earls, 1300. horsemen, and common soldiers, 35000. and their chief Champion Turnbul overcome by Rob. Venall Knight of Norfolk. An. E. 3.7. 1333.  
(33) Southampton sacked by Genua Pirates under the leading of the King of Sicils son, yet the Townsmen sl●w 300. of them and their Captain brained by a husbandman's club. An. 1338. E. 3.12.  
(34) Carlisle, Penreth, and many Towns else burnt by the Scots, under Wil Dowglas, yet lastly are overcome by the manhood and policy of Tho. Lucy, Rob. Ogle, & the B. of that sea. An. reg. E. 3.19. 1345.  
(35) At Nevil's Cross David Bruse King of Scots invading England with 60000. soldiers, was taken prisoner by Io. Copland Esquire, and conveyed to London with many of his Nobility, besides many noble men slain in the field under the leading of Wil Yong. Archb. of York, vicegerent, the Lords Mowbray, Percy and Nevil, Q. Philip in her own person present, encouraging her people to fight. reg. E. 3.20. 1346.  
(36) The insurrection of the commons under the leading of jack Straw, Wat. Tiler, and others, after many rebellious acts done in Kent and Essex, from Black-heath, Mile-end, and Smithfield, were dispersed, where the said Wat. Tiler was worthily slain by Wil Walworth Mayor of Lond. on Saturday, jun. 15. reg. Rich. 2.4. An. 1381.  
(37) At North-Walsham the rebellious commons by the instigation of Io. Wraw, who had gathered 50000. in Suffolk, and under the leading of john Litisar of Norwich Dyer, calling himself King of the Commons, were by Henry Spencer Bishop of that City overcome, and their rustical King drawn, hanged, and beheaded, who had by violence carried with him the Lord Seales, the Lord Morley, Stephen Hales, and Robert Sale Knights, to serve at his Table, and take his assays. Rich. 2.4. 1381.  
(38) Near Hatfield the rebellious commons of Essex were overcome, and 500 of them slain by Thomas Woodstock Duke of Glocest. An. 1382. Ric. 2.5.  
(39) At Radcot-Bridge, Tho. Duke of Gloucester, the Earls of Arundel, Warwick, Derby, and Nottingham, encountering with Robert Vere Duke of Ireland, maintained by King Rich. 2. against them, with 5000. men▪ slew Sir Tho. Molineux Constable of Chester, and put the said D. to such straight, that in swimming Thames ●e had almost lost his life. 1387. r. Rich. 2.11.  
(40) At Otterborne, under the leading of Wil Dowglas, 1100. English men were slain, and 30000. put to flight, Lord Henry and Ralph Percies sons to the Earl of Northumberland, were taken prisoners, notwithstanding the said L. Hen. had manfully slain that valiant Captain Wil Dowglas at the first encounter, An. 1388. Rich. 2.12.  
(41) At Flint castle K. Ric. 2. was by the falseness of Henry Percy Earl of Northumb. delivered into the hands of Henry D. of Lancaster, and thence conveyed as prisoner to London, committed to the Tower, and shortly deposed: thence sent to Loeds castle in Kent: lastly, to Pomfreit, and there murdered, Feb. 13. 1430.  
(*) At Circester the conspirators against K. Henry 4. were discomfited the Dukes of Exc●ster and Surrey, the Earls of Salisbury, Gloucester and Huntingdon, Sr. Thomas Blunt and Barnard Brocas knights, were there taken, and in sundry places beheaded, 1400. jan. 15. reg. 2.  
(42) At Hallidowne hill again another great and bloody battle was fought Sep. 14. against the Scots, by K. H. 4. wherein the said Scots were beaten down and slain, and besides the loss of many thousand common Soldiers, fourscore Earls, Lords and Knights of account were also then slain. An. 1402. reg. 3.  
(43) At Pelale in Wales, 110. Englishmen were slain by Own Glendoure, and Edmund Mortimer Earl of March taken prisoner, reg. H. 43. 1402.  
(44) At Shrewsbury a bloody battle was fought against K. Henry 4. by the Percies, Henry and Thomas, wherein Henry L. Percy surnamed Hotspur, was slain in the place called Old field, and Lord Thomas Earl of Worcester taken and beheaded: there was slain on both sides 6600. An. 1403.  
(45) The French coming to aid Owen Glendoure besieged Carmarden and spoilt it. An. 1405. reg. H. 4.6.  
(46) At Bramham●moore, Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland, with Thomas L. Bordolfe, and many ●●e, in taking arms against K. Henry 4. were slain by Thomas Rockley Sheriff of York shire, 1408. reg. 9  
(47) On Black-heath twice jack Cade (naming himself john Mortimer, captain of the Kentish rebels) camped against King H. 6. reg. 28. An. 1450.  
(48) At Sennock the King's power was overcome by jack Cade, and the two Staffords, brethren, slain by those rebels: but from Southwark they were dispersed, and Cade slain lurking in a garden, by Alexander Eden, G●●● 〈◊〉 of Kent. 1450.  
(49) At D●●●forth upon Bro●s- 〈◊〉, Richard Duke of York incomped himself with an army of 10000 men, against King Henry 6. reg. 30. An. 1452.  
(50) Saint Albon first Battle fought May 23. against King Hen. 6. by Richard Duke of York, wherein on the King's side were slain Edmund Duke of Somerset, Henry Earl of Northumberland. Humphrey Earl of Stafford, john L. Clifford, with many Knights of valour, and 5000. men on their parties sides: the King himself was wounded with an arrow, and but only 600. of the Duke's men slain. An. 1445. reg. 33.  
(51) Blore-heath field fought on September 23. by Richard Earl of Salisbury against K. Henry 6. the Lord Audley being General for the King: where the said Lord was slain, with many Knights of Cheshire on his part, and with them 2400. persons lost their lives. An. 1459. reg. 38.  
(52) At Northampton the Earls of March and Warwick fought against K. Henry 6. in the quarrel of Richard Duke of York, Wherein the King himself was taken and conveyed to London, Humphrey Duke of Buckingham, john Talbot Earl of Shrewesburie, the Lords Beaumont and Egremont were there slain. 1459. june 10. reg. 38.  
(53) Wakefield Battle fought December 10. 1461. by Queen Margaret, in defence of King Henry 6. her husband's title, wherein the said Duke was slain with young Edmund Earl of Rutland his son, the two bastards Mortimers Knights, and 220●. more: there Thomas Nevil Earl of Salisbury was taken prisoner, and after beheaded at Pomfreit. An. reg. 39  
(54) At Mortimer's cross Edward Earl of March, in revenge of the death of Richard Duke of York his Father, obtained a great victory againts the Earls of Pembroke's and Wiltshire in the quarrel of Q. Margaret, and there flew 3800. Englishmen, Feb. 2. being the day of Mary's Purification in this battle Owen Teuther was taken and beheaded. An. 1461. reg. H. 6.39.  
(55) Saint Alb●●s last battle fought by Queen Margaret against the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk●, the Earls of Warwick and Arundel, that kept by force K. Henry her husband, with whom by constrain be held and fought, and lost the field: there were slain of Enlishmen 1916. persons. Feb. 17. being Shreve-tuesday. 1416.  
(56) Towton-field a most deadly and mortal Battle fought on Palme-sunday; March 29. wherein were slain of Englishmen 35091. or as other have. 36776. persons, amongst whom these Nobles died, Earls: Northumberland, Shrewesbury, and Devonshire. Lords: Clifford, Beaumont, Nevil, Willoughby, Wells, Ro●s, Seales, Grey, Dacres, Fitzbugh, Mollens, Bechingam. Knights: the two Bastards of Excester, Percy, Heyron, Clifton, Hayms, two Crakenthorp's, two Throlopes, Haril, Ormond, Mollin, Pigot, Norbohew, and Burton, with many more Knights, and others not named, K. H. 6. with succh as escaped fled into Scotland, leaving E. 4. victor. 1461.  
(57) Hexam battle fought May 15. against King Henry 6. under the conduct of john Nevil, L. Montacute▪ wherein Henry Duke of Somerset, with the L. Rooes, Mollens, and Hungerford were taken. K. Henry flying into Lancashire, remained there in wants, and secret a years and more, and whence by deceit he was taken and conveyed to the Tower of London. 1464. reg. E. 4.4.  
(58) Edgcoot-field fought upon Da●es-more, july 26. by the Northern Lords, their Captains being Sir john Coniers, and Robin of Ridsdale, against K. E. 4. under the leading of Wil Herbert Earl of Pembroke, who together with his brother Ric. was taken, as also Ric. Woodvile, L. Rivers, brother to the Q. with john his son, and all four beheaded, 5000. of their boast being slain, with most of the Wolch-men. 1469. reg. E. 4.9.  
(*) At Wolney King Edward 4. gathering his boast to recover his loss, was taken prisoner by his brother George, Duke of Clarence, and Ric. the stout Earl of Warwick, and conveyed to Middleham Castle in Yorkshire, whence shortly be escaped to London. 1469.  
(**) At Stamford the Lincoln-shire-men, under the conduct of Sir Rob. wiles Knight, instigated by Ric. Earl of Warwick against King Edw. 4. were overcome, and 1100. of them slain, the rest in flight so cast away their furniture, that to this day the battle is called Losecote-field, 1470. Edward 4.10.  
(59) Barnes-field fought April 14. being Easter-day, by the Earls of Warwick, Oxford, and Marquis Montacute, against K. Ed. 4. who led Henry 6. prisoner to the field wish him: In this battle were slain, Ric. Earl of Warwick, and Marquis Mountocute his brother. On K. Edward's part were slain the Lord Cromwell, Say, and Mountjoy: the slaughter in all amounted to 10000 saith Hall. 1471. Edw. 4.11.  
(60) At Towkefoury King Ed. 4. obtained the diadem in subduing H. 6. under the leading of Prince E. who was there slain and Q Margaret taken prisoner: there died likewise Tho. Courtney. E. of Devonshire, joh. Somerset, Marq. Dorset, and the Lord Wenlake: of Knights, Hamden, Whitting, Vans, Harvy, Deluys, Filding: Leukenor, Lirmouth, Vrman, Seamer, Roos and Henry: Edm. D. of Somerset was there taken, and beheaded with john Bough, Lord Prior of S. john's, May 4. 1471. E. 4.11.  
(61) Bosworth-field fought upon Redmore. Aug. 22 1458. and 3. of Ric. 3. where himself was slain, with john, D. of Norfolk, Wa. L. Ferres, Richard Ratcliff and Rob. Brakenbury Knights, and 4000 more of his company: on the Earl of Richmond's part only 10. persons, the chief where of was, Wil Brandon Knight, his Standard-bearer. Earl Henry was there crowned in the field, and the union of Lancaster with York effected, whose civil dissensions had cost more English blood, than twice had done the winning of France.  
(62) Stoke-field jun. 16. 1487. was fought to arrest Lambert a counterfeit Warwick against King Henry 7. where 4000 with the naked Irish were slain, and with them died De la Pole Earl of Lincoln, Francis L. Lovel, Tho. Gerardine, Chancellor of Ireland, Martin Swart, and Sir Tho. Broughton. Knights general against the King. Lambert was there taken and made a turn-spit. Hen. 7.2.  
(63) At Cockeledge ●●r York, the Commons rose and slew Henry Earl of Northumberland, for a tax collected by him, granted in Parliament: their Captain named john a Cumber was hanged at York. 1489. H. 7.4.  
(64) Excest. besieged by Perkin Werbeck a counterfeit, naming himself Ric. Duk of York, before murdered in the Tower of London after he had in dammaged the North and North●●berl. was from this City expulsed to Bewdley Sanctuary, and lastly executed as Tyburn. 1497. reg. H. 7.13.  
(65) This same City was again besieged by the rebels of Devon-shire a●d Cornwall the 3. of E. 6. under the leading of Hum. Arundel, Holmes, Winslow, and Bury but was rescued by john L. Russel, with the Lord Grey, and 4000 of them slain. 1549.  
(66) On Black-heath again was fought a sore battle by Thomas Fla●●ock, gent. Michael joseph Blackesmith, and jam. Twichet.. L. Andley, with the Cornish rebels, where 2000 of them were slain by Giles L. Daubeney general for the King, and 1500. taken prisoners, june 22. 1497. H. 7.  
(67) Flodden-field the 9 of September, and 5. of King Henry 8. was fought against the Scots, by L. Tho. Howard Earl of Surrey, lieutenant general for the King, where james 4. King of Scots with 3. Bishops, 2. Lord Abbots, 12. Earls, 17. Lords, and 8000. soldiers were slain, and the dead body of K. james wrapped in Lo●d●, was brought to shine in Surrey, and there cast into a corner, not long since remaining and seen.  
(68) At Solommosse 15000. Scots under the leading of the L. Maxwell by Thou bastard Dacres, and jack Musgrave, were valiantly vanquished, and 21. of their Nobility (whereof eight were Earls) brought as prisoners to London, and 200. mere of great account, besides 800. common soldiers slain and taken, for very grief whereof K. james fell sick, and shortly after died. 1542. H. 8.32.  
(69) Muscleborrow-field fought September 10. 1546, by Edward D. of Somerset L. Protector, and john Dudley Earl of Warw. against the Scots, where 14000. were slain, 1500. taken prisoners, only 60. English then slain. E. 6.1.  
(70) At Norwich in a commotion led by Rob. Ket Tanner of Wind 〈◊〉, Wil Lord marquis of Northampton was put to flight, and the Lord Sheffield slain, the City fired, and many outrages done, 1549. E. 6.3.  
(71) At Mount Surrey the Rebels, with their leader Rob. Ket, were by john Dunley E. of Warwick overcome, and forced to yield, 5000. of them being slain, and Ket taken and hanged on the Castle of Norwich, or as some have, upon the Oak of reformation, Aug. 27. 1549. E. 6.3.  
(72) Sir Tho. Witted with his company of Kentishmen driven to march from Southworke to Kingston, and thence to S. james, yielded himself at Temple-bar, with the loss only of 40. persons on both parts, Feb. 7. 1554. Mary 1.  
(73) At Tadcaster Thomas Piercie Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Nevil E. of Westmoreland in their commotions took 200. footmen repairing toward York for the defence of the City against those rebels, 1596. Eliz. 12.  
(74) Durha●● taken by the rebels of the North, under the leading of Piercy and Nevil Earls, which had gathered 7000. and surprised Barnard's Castle, were by the Earl of Sussex, Lieutenant general for the Queens forced into Scotland, and many of their Associates worthily put to death. 1569. And lastly (which God grant may be the last) Thomas late Earl of Northumberland, was beheaded in York. Aug. 20. 1572. Eliz. 14.    


THE BRITISH LANDS PROPOSED IN ONE VIEW IN THE ENGLISH MAP: WITH A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GREAT BRITAIN UNDER THE ROMANS. CHAPTER 1.  
THE State of every Kingdom well managed by prudent Government, seems to me to represent a humane Body, guided by the sovereignty of the reasonable Soul: the Country and Land itself representing the one, the Actions and State affairs the other. Sith therefore the excellencies of the whole are but unperfectly laid open, where either of these parts is defective, 
The scope of this Worke.  our intendment is to take a view as well of the outward body and Lineaments of the now-flourishing British Monarchy (the Lands) Kingdoms and Provinces thereof in actual possession, 
The distribution of the wh●le Work.  (for with others, no less justly claimed in the Continent, we meddle not) which shall be the content of our first or chorographical Tome, 
The first Tome chorographical.  containing the four first Books of this our Theatre: as also of its successive government and vital actions of State, which shall be our second or Historical Tome, 
The second Tome Historical.  containing the five last Books. And here first we will (by example of the best Anatomists) propose to the view the whole body & Monarchy entire (
* For some Lands as Gersey, and Gernsey we have left to their proper places.  as far as conveniently we could comprise it) and after will dissect and lay open the particular Members, Veins and joints (I mean the Shires, Rivers, Cities and Towns) with such things as shall occur most worthy our regard, and most behooveful for our use.  

Britain the greatest Island.  (2) The Island of Great Britain (which with her adjoining Isles is here first presented) containeth the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, and is of many accounted the greatest Island in the World, though 
* Lib. de Cons●an.  justus Lipsius gives that praise to Cuba in America, as the Oriental Navigators do unto Sumatra (taken for Ptolomees Taprobana) or to Madagascar, the Island of S. Laurence, both which are near unto, or under the Equinoctial Line; In which we will not contend: as pleasing ourselves with her other praises greater than her Greatness; yet with this honour also, that is was (without question) the greatest Island of the Roman World, 
The Site of Britain.  and for any thing yet certainly known, of all the rest. Concerning whose Positure in respect of Heaven, 
* Dere●●a. l. 6.  Lucretius (the 
* Buchanus so noteth against Humph. Lloyd.  first of the Latin Writers that names Britain) seemeth to place it in the same Parallel with Pontus, where he saith: 
Nam quid Brittannum coelum differre putamus? etc.  
What differs Britain's heaven from that of Nile?  
Or Pontus' welkin, from Gadz warmer Isle?  In which, by a certain cross comparison, he opposeth two likes against two unlikes, Britain & Pontius against Egypt and Gades. But to seek into profound Antiquity, rather than present practice, for matters, in which Use makes perfectness, were to affect the giving light by shadows, rather than by Sunshine.  

The degrees of Britain's Site.  (3) It is by experience found to lie included from the degree fifty, and thirty scruples of Latitude, and for Longitude extended from the 13. degree, & 20. minutes, unto the 22. and 50. minutes, according to the observation of Mercator. 
The Country's abutting upon Britain.  It hath Britain, Normandy, and other parts of France upon the South, the Lower Germany, Denmark, & Norway upon the East; the Isles of Orkney and the Deucaledonian Sea, upon the North; the Hebrides upon the West, and from it all other Lands and Inlets, which do scatteredly environ it, and shelter themselves (as it were) under the shadow of Great Albion (another name of this famous Island) are also accounted Britannish, 
All the Lands about Britain counted British.  and are therefore here described altogether.  
(4) Britain thus seated in the Ocean hath her praises, not only in the present tense, and use of her commodities, but also in those honourable Eulogies, which the 
* Cambdens Britannia.  learnedst of Antiquaries hath collected out of the noblest Authors, that he scarce seemeth to have left any glean: neither will we transplant them out of his flourishing Garden, but as necessity compels, 
Britain's Eulogies.  sith nothing can be further or otherwise better said.  
(5) That Britain therefore the Seas High Admiral, is famously known: and the Fortunate Island supposed by some, as Robert of Avesbury doth show: whose air is more temperate (saith Caesar) than France; whose Soil bringeth forth all grain in abundance, saith Tacitus; whose Seas produce orient Pearl, saith Suetonius; whose Fields are the seat of a Summer Queen, saith Orpheus; her wildest parts free from wild beasts, saith the ancient Panegyric, and her chief City worthily named Augusta, as saith 
* Lib. 18. c. 7. Psal. 16.  Amianus: So as we may truly say with the royal Psalmist, Our lines are fallen in pleasant places, yea, we have a fair inheritance. Which whatsoever by the goodness of God, and industry of man it is now, yet our English 
* Spen●ers Fairy Queen, l. 2. Can. 10. Stan 5.  Poet hath truly described unto us the first face thereof, thus: 
The Land which warlike Britain's now possess,  
And therein have their mighty Empire raised,  
In ancient times were savage Wilderness,  
Unpeopled, unmanured, unprov'd, unpraisde.   
(6) And albeit the Ocean doth at this present thrust itself between Dover and Calais, 
Britain once no Isle.  dividing them with a deep and vast entrenchment; so that Britain thereby is of a supposed 
* Or half Isle.  Penisle made an Island: yet 
* Twine. Verste●an.  divers have stiffly held, that once it was joined by an arm of land to the continent of Gallia. To which opinion Spencer farther alluding, thus closeth his Stanza: 
Ne was it Island then, ne was it paisde  
Amid the Ocean waves, ne was is sought  
Of Merchants far, for profits therein praised,  
But was all desolate, and of some thought  
By Sea to have been from the Celtic Mainland brought  Which as a matter merely conjectural (because it is not plain that there were no Lands nor hills before Noah's flood) I leave at large: Virgil surely (of all Poets the most learned) when describing the Shield which Vulcan forged (in Virgil's brain) for Aeneas, 
Aeneid lib. 8.  he calls the Morini (people about Call is) 
* Extremique huminum Morini.  the outmost men, doth only mean that they were Westward, the farthest Inhabitants upon the Continent, signifying withal that Britain as being an Island, lay out of the world: but yet not out of the knowledge of men, for the commodities thereof invited the famous Greek Colonies of Merchants, which dwelled at Massilia in France, to venture hither, as hath been well 
* D. Cocks Epist. l. 3 Report.  observed our of Strabo.   map of Great Britain and Ireland 
THE KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND  
(7) And as julius Caesar was the first Roman which ever gave an attempt to Conquer it, so will we close its praises with a late 
* Ca●●. juda. M. S.  Epigram, concerning the outward face of the Isle, and the motive of Caesar's coming.  

ALBIONIS vertex frondoso crine superbit,  
Arboreas frondes plurimus ales habet.  
Gramineam Montes & fundant pascua pubem;  
Et carpunt, circum pascua, gramen oves:  
Sed LATII caruit potioribus Insuladonis,  
Victori potior Gloria ni LATIO.   

Albion's high tops her woody locks far show,  
With quires of chanting Birds these woods resounding,  
Her Downs and Meadows clad in verdant hue,  
Meadows & Downs with flocks and herds abounding.  

* Italy.  Latium had greater wealth, yet Caesar thought,  
To British Glory, Latiums, Wealth worth nought.   

Britain but slenderly known to Caesar.  (8) The division of Britain concerning the government and territories thereof, at such time as Caesar here arrived, doth not sufficiently appear, Caesar himself makes so sparing mention herein, that we have little cause to believe 
Epit. Liv l. 105.  Florus, where he makes Livy say, that after Caesar had slain an huge multitude of Britain's, 
* Rebquam I●silae partem in potestatem sub●g●t.  he subdued the residue of the Isle, but rather with exquisite Horace, that he did not at all touch them, as the word 
* Epod. 7.  intactus doth in him purport.  

Britain had Kings in it in Caesar's time.  (9) Kings there were, and therefore that Division which was here in Caesar's time, was into Kingdoms; the old names of whose Nations, as also the knowledge of their several abodes, hidden under the rubbish of so many ages, have 
* In cambden's B●itannia.  of late with infinite labours and exquisite judgement, been probably restored and bounded; yet that no man's expectation and desire be too much frustrated, reason wils that we briefly set forth such divisions of the Land, as many repute not ancient only, but authentic.  

Britain's supposed division 〈◊〉 Brutes three 〈◊〉.  (10) Our seeming ancient Historians begin it at Brute, who to every of his three sons gave a part, called presently after their names; as 
* England.  Loegria to Locrine his eldest son: 
* Wales.  Cambria, to Camber his second son; 
* Scotland.  and Albania to Albanist his third son; And doubtless, if there had been more Nations of fame in this Island, 
G●ff, of Monmouth father to Brutus' three sons.  Brute should have had more sons fathered on him: which conceit some ascribe to Monmouth, holding that before him it was never so divided.  

Britain the Great and Less.  (11) Ptolomey naming Britain the Great and the Less, hath been by some mistaken, as so dividing this Island into two parts; but his proportion and distance from the Aequator, compared with his Geographical description will evince, that he calleth this our Island GREAT BRITAIN, and Ireland BRITAIN THE LESS.  
(12) Howbeit some latter do make indeed the South and more Champion to be called GREAT BRITAIN, and the North more mountainous, BRITAIN THE LESS; whose Inhabitants anciently were distinguished into the MAIATAE, and CALEDONII, and now by the Scots are into Heghlandmen and Lawlandmen. But that Northern clime being more piercing for the Romans constitutions and 
* Appiau.  less profitable or fruitful, they set their bounds not far from Edinburgh, and altogether neglected the other parts more Northward.  

Britain the Higher and Lower.  (13) This nearer part of Britain they then divided into two parts; for the more Southern tract, together with Wales, Dio termeth the Higher, and that more Northward the Lower, as by the seats of their Legions doth appear; for the second Legion Augusta (which kept at Caerleon in South-Wales) and the twentieth called Victrix (which remained at Chester) he placeth in the HIGHER BRITAIN: but the sixth Legion surnamed also Victrix, resident at York, served (as he writeth) in the LOWER BRITAIN; which division, as seemeth was made by Severus the Emperor, 
Herodian.  who having vanquished Albinus, General of the Britain's, & reduced their State under his obedience, divided the government thereof into two Provinces, and placed two Prefects over the same.  
(14) After this again the Romans did apportion Britain into three parts, 
Britain divided into three parts.  whose limits our 
* Camb. p. 111. Sexius Rusus  great Antiquary assigned by the ancient archiepiscopal Seats, grounding his conjecture on 〈◊〉 the saying of Pope Lucius, who affirms that the ●●●lesiasticall jurisdictions of the Christians, accorded with the precincts of the Roman Magistrates, 
Dist. 80. cap. 1.  and that their Archbishops had their Sees in those Cities wherein their Precedents abode: so that the ancient Seats of the three Archbishops here, being London in the East, 
Britannia prima. Britannia secunda. Maxima Caesariensis. Britain divided into five parts.  Caerleon in the West, and York in the North; London's Diocese (as seemeth) made BRIT. PRIMA; Caerleon, BRIT. SECUNDA; and York MAXIMA CaeSARIENSIS.  
(15) But in the next age, when the power of their Precedents began to grow overgreat, they again divided Britain into five parts, adding to the three former VALENTIA and FLAVIA CaeSARIENSIS: the first of which two seemeth to have been the Northerly part of MAXIMA CaeSARIENSIS, recovered from the Picts and Scots by Theodosius the General, under Valence the Emperor, and in honour of him, 
Valentia why called.  named VALENTIA: and Flavia may be conjectured to receive the name from Flavius the Emperor (son of Theodosius) for that we read not of the name BRIT. FLAVIA, 
Amianus. l. 28. Flavia why called.  before his time.  
(16) So these five partitions had their limits assigned after this manner: 
The bounds of Britain's five parts▪  BRIT. PRIMA contained those coasts that lay betwixt Thamesis, the Severne, 
1 Britannia prima.  and the British Sea: BRITAIN SECUNDA extended from Severne unto the Irish Seas, 
2 Britannia secunda.  containing the Country that we now call WALES: FLAVIA CaeSARIENSIS, was that which lay betwixt the Rivers Humber and Tyne: 
3 Flavia Caesa.  and VALENTIA from the said River, 
4 Max. Caesar.  and Picts-wall reached unto the Rampire near Edinburgh in SCOTLAND, 
5 Valentia.  the farthest part that the Romans possessed when this Division was in use. For the several people inhabiting all those parts, with their ancient Names and Borders (whether designed by the Romans or the old Britain's) together with our modern Names and Shires, answerable to each of them: we will refer you to the Tables thereof, 
Lib 5 cap. 5. and 6.  elsewhere.  
(17) This whole Province of BRITAIN, as in our History shall appear, 
The Emperor's respect of Britain's Conquest. Their surnames hence.  was highly esteemed of the Emperors themselves, assuming as a glorious surname BRITANNICUS: coming thither in person over those dangerous and scarce known Seas; here marrying, living, and dying; enacting here Laws for the whole Empire, 
Their residence here.  and giving to those Captains that served here, many Ensigns of great honour: 
Their favours.  yea Claudius gave Plantius (the first Perfect of that Province) the right hand, as he accompanied him in his Triumph: 
Their Triumphs.  and his own Triumph of BRITAIN was set out with such magnificence, that the Provinces brought in golden crowns of great weight, the Governors commanded to attend, and the very Captains permitted to be present at the same: A Naval Coronet was fixed upon a pinnacle of his Palace. Arches and Trophies were raised in Rome, and himself on his aged knees mounted the stairs into the Capitol, supported by his two sons in Law: so great a joy conceived he in himself for the Conquest of some small portion of BRITAIN.  
(18) How the Romans found it, held it, and left it, as times ripened and rottened their success, with the Names, the Inhabitants, Manners and Resisters, I leave to be pursued in the following Histories, and will only now show thee these three Kingdoms that are (in present) the chief Bodies of GREAT BRITAIN'S MONARCHY; 
Scotland vide lib. 3. Ireland vide lib. 4.  two of which (Scotland and Ireland) shall in their due places have their father and more particular descriptions.   

WHen the Roman Empire began to be unwieldy by the weight of her own Greatness, 
How the Saxon Heptarchy began.  and the Provinces ready to shake off subjection, by the Ambition of their Prefects: Britain, then wanting her Soldiers (taken thence to serve in foreign wars) and abandoned by the Romans, who were wont to protect her, was now laid open and naked to her Enemies, who had long waited an opportunity to lay her waste. Among whom the Picts and Scots, casting a covetous eye upon so rich a prey, daily with inroads molesting the weary, and now-weakened Britain's, enforced them to call in, to their assistance, the Saxons; who in a short time, of aiding friends became oppressing enemies, and supplanting the Natives of this Land, laid the foundation of their aspiring hopes so sure, that thereupon in success of time they transformed the fabric of this one Province into a sevenfold State, 
The seven Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy.  which as seven-crowned Pillars, stood upon the Bases of Kent, Southsaxia, Westsaxia, East-Saxia, Northumberland, Mercia, and East-Anglia; governed by so many several Kings; whose limits are in this Map distinguished by their several Arms, and circumscribed Lines; but for all the particular Counties under each of their commands, we will refer you to the Table in the fourth Chapter of our seventh Book: in which Book, the History of that growing Heptarchy, and its settling again into one Monarchy, is contained at large.  
(2) Neither may we think, that the Limits of the whole Heptarchy, or of each particular Kingdom, were at their first raising apportioned, as afterward they were; but that (as all other States do) by steps and degrees they came to their settled bounds. Their utmost Northern border was at first no other (in all likelihood) then that, 
The most Northern limit of the Heptarchy.  wherewith the Romans had formerly severed this their Province from Scotland, being that famous partition called the Picts-wall, 
The Picts wall, the Romans only partition Northward.  (which therefore in our Map you shall find described with Battlements) girding the waist (or narrowest place) of the whole Island, from Sea to Sea, and reaching 'twixt the Bay of 
* A River in Cumberland.  Eden on the one coast, and the mouth of Tyne on the other; though afterward the Northumbrians extended their Marches beyond that Wall. The Romans had no other partition but only this Northern: 
The Saxons added two other bounds in the West.  the Saxons (who had made the Britain's also their enemies) added two others (both in the West) to straiten them & strengthen themselves. The first was divised by Offa the Mercian King, who made a Trench of admirable work and charge, called Offa-Dyke, 
1 Offa-Dyke.  running about one hundred miles over mountains and hills, from the mouth of Dee in Flintshire, to the fall of Wye in Glocestershire, therewith encircling the remainder of the dispossessed Britain's in those Western and barren parts: which oppression King Harold further aggravated by a Law; 
Io. Sarisbu▪ in Poly●rat.  That if any Welshman were found with any weapon on this side that Ditch, he should forthwith have his right hand cut off. 
2 The River Tamar.  The second partition was of King Athelstans' device, who finding that the Britain's did still inhabit those other Western parts, from the Lands end of Cornwall, even unto Excester in Devonshire, he not only thrust them out of that City, fortifying the same with vast trenches, and a strong wall of squared stone to prevent their attempts: but further ordered that they should contain themselves within the River Tamar, whence that Promontory came to be named Corn-wall; of the shape thereof like a Horn, which they call Corn, and of the 
* Marianus calls them Occidentales Britanes, as Saxon victor, ƿest ƿeales.  Inhabitants which the Saxons called ƿealsh, signifying Strangers.  
(3) The like may be said of the particular Kingdoms, that they attained not to those their certain bounds, the Kingly Titles, but by degrees: the whole Saxons State being anciently divided, not into Shires, but into sundry small Regions, 
The Saxons domini●●ns divided into Hid●s.  and those again into Hides (a Hide being four yard land, or as others think, as much as a Blow can till in one year) as by an ancien 
* M. Ta●●.  Fragment preserved & divulged by 
* M. Clarenc. p. 114.  two most judicious Antiquaries, may be seen, wherein all the land lying on this side Humber is thus parted.  

HIDES.  
Myrcna containeth 30000. hides  
Woken setna 7000. hides.  
Westerna 7000. hides.  
Pec-setna 1200. hides.  
Elmed-setna 600. hides.  
Lindes-farona 7000. hides.  
Suth-Gyrwa 600. hides.  
North-Gyrwa 600. hides.  
Fast-Gyrwa 600. hides.  
East-Wixna 300. hides.  
West-Wixna 6000. hides.  
Spalda 600. hides.  
Wigesta 900. hides.  
Heresinna 1200. hides.  
Sweordora 300. hides.  
Eyfla 300. hides.  
Wicca 300. hides.  
Wight-gora 600. hides.  
Noxgaga 5000. Hides.  
Oht-gaga 2000 hides.  
Hwynca 7000. hides.  
Ciltern-setna 4000 hides.  
Hendrica 3000. hides.  
Vnecung-ga 1200. hides.  
Aroseatna 600. hides.  
Fearfinga 3000. hides.  
Belmiga 600. hides.  
Witherigga 600. hides.  
East-Willa 600. hides.  
West-Willa 600. hides.  
East-Angle 30000. hides.  
East-Sexena 7000. hides.  
Cant-Warena 15000. hides.  
Suth-Sexena 7000. hides.  
Westsexena 100000. hides.   
(4) But when that sevenfold Heptarchy was brought to a Monarchy, and the Kings from Pagans to be Christian professors, 
K. Elfred first divided the Land into Shires, and why.  Elfred (that mirror of Kings) for the settling of his Kingdom and subjects under a due and certain course of justice and Government, did first distribute his Kingdom into several Countries called Shires, 
Ingulphus.  (of the Saxon word Scyre, to cut or divide,) and into other under-governments; of which let us hear Malmesburie. By occasion (saith he) and example of the barbarous (he meaneth the Danes) the natural Inhabitants also were addicted to robberies, so that none could pass in safety without weapons for defence. Elfred therefore ordained Centuries, 
Malmesbury.  which they term Hundreds, and Decimes, which they call tithings, that so every Englishman living under law, should be within some Hundred and Tything. And if a man were accused of any transgression, he should forthwith bring in some of that same Hundred & Tything. And is a man were accused of any transgression, he should forthwith bring in some of that same Hundred & Tything that would be pledges for his appearance to answer the Law, and he that could not find such a surety, should abide the severity thereof. But in case any man standing thus accused, either before or after such suretyship did fly, than all that Hundred and Tything incurred a mulct imposed by the King, etc. By this device he brought peace into the Country, so as in the very high ways he commanded Bracelets of Gold to be hanged up to mock the greedy passengers, whiles none was found so hardy as to take them away.  
(5) This Custom King Elfred might borrow from the use he saw in military Government, where the General's direction found easiest success by help of under-rulers, Centurions and Decurions; or he might have it from the Germans, 
Tacitus.  who kept Courts of justice in every Territory, having a hundred men out of the People as Assistants to perform their law-days. By which his Partition, and industrious care, Peace and true dealing so flourished, 
Ingu●phus.  that a Wayfaring man losing in his journey any sum of money, might a month after return to the place and have it again.   map of Britain 
BRITAIN AS IT WAS DIVIDED in the time of the English: Saxons especially during their Heptarchy  
(7) So that hereby we see both the Saxons distributing of this Country (in their highest glory) and also the government thereof, from the King (whom they called their Cunning, (either of his skill or power) to the lowest in the land. Other intermediate Governors throughout the Land, next unto the King's Counsellors, where (it seemeth) those which the Saxons call then Eal Sepmen, 
Aldermen. Earls.  (though a name now more humbled) and the 
* Cam. p. 20. but Lambert thinks it a Saxon title, Peramb. p. 502 Portgreves. Burgesses. Thean. Vnderthaine.  Danes, Eorles; the chief Magistrates in Cities, the Port gerefan, Portgreves: and Burghƿaren, Burgesses. For touching the name of laford, (whence we contract Lord) it may seem rather a name of honour and reverence, then of civil authority, so likewise 
* 
Lamb. p. 502. but Cam. p. 121. ●●inkes it Danish.  
Churl. Yeomanry. The number of the Shires, 32.   Þein, a stile for men of the better rank, as under-Þein, a note of service, and Ceorle, or Churl, of their Yeomanly condition who were also called gemen, the Yeomanry.  
(8) Since that first most politic distribution of K. Elfred, the number of the said Shires have found some change; for what their number was, An. 1016. in the reign of King Ethelred, Malmesbury showeth. The Danes (saith he) at this time when there were reckoned in England thirty-two Shires, 
Malmes.  invaded no less than sixteen of them: yea and afterwards also there were no more in number, at that time the Land received a new threefold distribution, 
Polyc. li. 1. c. 19 A threefold ●●stibution. Three sorts of Laws, and Shires subject to them.  according to the three sorts of Laws, by which it was governed; that is, Westsaxons Law, Danish, and Mercian. First, to the West-Saxon Law were the Counties of Kent, Sussex, Suthrie, Berkshire, Hantshire, Wiltshire, Sommersetshire, Dorcetshire, and Devonshire; nine in number. To the Danish laws were obedient fifteen other; Yorkshire, Darbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingtonshire. The Mercian Laws ruled the eight Counties remaining, which were Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, Herefordshire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Chesseshire, Shropshire, and Staffordshire.  

In Will Conq. time Shires 34. and more.  (9) But when William the Conqueror had got the English Diadem upon his head, and taxed the Kingdom with a general survey, we find in that public record of the Doomsday Bocke, thirty four named, besides those of Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland, and Cumberland; the three last lay exposed to the Scots, and the other two freed from tax to maintain the Borders; which five Counties being added to the other, their number ariseth to thirty-nine: 
Shires 39  and the thirteen Shires of Wales added to both, make fifty two Counties, as we have at this day. 
Shires 52.   

Polyclnon. Shires 36.  (10) But the Author of Polychronicon (upon what warrant I know not) reckons thirty six Shires and an half, 
Towns in the Conqu●rours time. Parish-Churches. Knights Fees.  at the Conquerors survey: wherein, saith he, were found fifty two thousand and fourscore Towns; forty five thousand and two Parish-Churches; seventy five thousand Knights-Fees, whereof twenty eight thousand and fifteen were of Religious order; and yet among these he accounteth no part of Cornwall: But from this report it may well be that Rossus Warwicanus complaineth of the depopulation of the Land, which with Townships (saith he) anciently had stood so bestrewed, as a goodly Garden every where garnished with fair flowers.  
(11) King Elfred (the first divider) instituted a Perfect or Lieutenant in every of these Counties, 
Lieutenants. Camd. Higdon.  which then were called Custodes, (and ●fterwards Earles saith Higdon) who kept the Country in obedience to the King, and suppressed the outrages of notorious robbers. But Canutus the Dane, 
A fourfold division ●●der Canutus' the● Dane.  when success had set him upon the English Throne, divided the care of his Kingdom's affairs into a fourfold subjection; to wit, West-Sex, Mercia, Northumbre and East-England; himself taking charge of the first and the greatest, making three tetrarchs of especial trust over the rest, namely, Edrich over Mercia; Yrtus over Northumbre; and Turkill over East-England. Wales neither in this division nor that of King Elfred, was any ways liable, it being cut (as we have said) from England, by King Offa: but those remnants of the ancient Britain's divided likewise that Western Province into Kingdoms, canters and Commots, 
* Lib. 2.  as more largely we will show in the plot of that Principality. And this shall suffice for the division of England under the Saxons, 
The continuance of the Saxons government.  who enjoyed it the space of 567. years, from their first entrance under Hengist, unto the death of Edmund Ironside, and again under Edward Confessor the term of twenty years.  
(12) Now if any shall be so minutely curious, 
The compartments of the Map unfolded.  as to inquire the meaning of the Emblematical compartments, bordering the Map: the right side containeth the first seven Kings of that sevenfold State, their Names, their Kingdoms, their Escocheons, their years of first aspiring: the left side doth portrait the like of the seven first kings in each of those Kingdoms, 

The first seven Kings.  
The first seven Christian Kings.   which by Christian Baptism aspired to the hope of a Kingdom eternal, 1. Ethelbert (of Kent) receiving Austin's instruction. 2. Sebert (the East-Saxon) converting (by advice of B. Miletus) the Temples of Diana and Apollo (now S. Paul's in London, 
1 Lib. 7. c. 18. 2 Lib. 7. c. 8. §. 3  and S. Peter's in Westminster) to the service of Christ. 
3 Li. 7. c. 11. §. 3.  3. Erpenwald (the East-Angle) received Baptism by exhortation of King Edwin the Northumbrian, (though as it seemeth Edwin himself for a time deferred his own Baptism) and was therefore martyred by his Pagan Subjects. 
4 Lib. 7. c. 9 §. 8. & ib. c. 20.  4. Edwine (the Northumbrian) stirred up by a vision both to expect the Kingdom, and to receive the Faith, which he did by the preaching of Paulinus, whom he made Archbishop of York. 
5 Lib. 7. c. 7. §. 7.  5. Kingill (the West Saxon) converted by the preaching of S. Berinus, whom he made Bishop of Dorcester near Oxford. 
6 Lib. 7. c. 10. § 5.  6. Peada (the Mercian) receiving Christian Faith, by persuasion of Oswy King of Northumber's, was murdered by his own mothers (some say his wives) procurement. 7. Ethelwolfe (the South-Saxon) Baptised at Oxford by S. Berinus, 
7 Lib. 7. c. ●. §. 3.  where Wulpherus King of Mercia was his God father at Font.  
(13) And sith these Saxons first gave to this Island the name of England, we will here affix (for a close of all) an ancient Epigram touching both this Country and her Name; the rather, because 
* In Io. Hondius his Map of Gallia.  of late a principal part and praise therein, is surreptitiously (against 
* L. 15. c. 14. he lived An. 1330 his Author perchance much ancienter.  Lex Plagiaria) taken from England and ascribed as proper to France. A certain Author (saith 
* 〈◊〉, some read, not so well: because sertilus followeth.  Bartholomeus de proprietatibus rerum) thus in verse describeth England.  

Anglia, terra 
* This verse Hondius inserts as peculiar to France.  ferox, & fertilis, Angulus Orbis;  
Insula praedives, quae toto vix eget Orb,  
Et cujus totus indiget Orbis open:  
Angliaplenajocis, Gens Libera, & aptajocari,  

* This verse Hondius inserts as peculiar to France.  Libera Gens, cui libera mens, & libera lingua,  
Sed linguâ melior liberiorque manus.   

ENGLAND, fierce Land, Worlds, Angle, fertile art;  
Rich I'll, thou needst no other Country's Mart,  
Each other Country yet thy succour needs:  
ENGLAND, joys Land, be free and joyous long,  
Free Race, free Grace, free Kind, free Mind & Tongue,  
Yet Hands pass Tongues for free and glorious deeds.    

THE TYPE OF THE FLOURISHING KINGDOM OF ENGLAND WITH THE GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF IT, AS IT WAS FROM THE TIME OF THE NORMANS. CHAPTER III.  
THE Saxons glory now near to expire, by his appointment who holdeth both times and Kingdoms in his all-ordering hand; their own swords being the instruments, and the Danes the maules that beat their beautiful Diadem into pieces; the Normans, a stirring Nation, (neither expected, nor much feared) under the leading of William their Duke, and encouragement of the Roman Bishop, (an usual promoter hereof broken titles) made hither suddenly into England, who inone only battle, with the title of his sword and slaughter of Harold, set the Imperial Crown thereof upon his own head: which no sooner was done, but the English went down, and the Normans lording it, 
Deut. 6. v. 10, 11.  became owners of those Cities which themselves never built; possessed those Vineyards which they never planted; drank of those Wells which they never had digged; and inhabited those houses, filled With riches, for which they never had laboured: for they found it to be as the Land whereupon the Lord set his eye, 
Deut. 11. v. 11, 12.  even from the beginning to the end of the year: not only drinking water of the rain of heaven, but having also Rivers of waters and fountains in her valleys, 
Deut. 8. v. 7, 9  and without all scarcity, whose stones are iron, and out of whose mountains is digged brass. This made them more resolute at first to settle themselves in this fairest and fruitfullest part of the Island; the Conqueror using all policy both Martial and Civil, to plant his posterity here for ever. How he found the Land governed we showed in the Heptarchy; but his restless thoughts were not contented with conquering the Nation and their Land, unless he also overcame their very Customs, Laws, and Language.  
(2) Touching the distribution of the Kingdom, whereas other kings before him made use of it, chiefly for good of the people, and better ministering of justice, he made use of it, to know the wealth of his Subjects, and to enrich his Coffers: for he caused a description to be made of all England, how much land every one of his Barons possessed; 
Florentius Wigor. p. 449.  how many Knights fees, how many Plowlands, how many in villanage, how many head of beasts; yea how much ready money every man from the greatest to the least did possess, and what rents might be made of every man's possession: the Book of which inquisition (yet in the Exchequer) was called Doomsday, for the generality of that judgement on all the Land: 
Gervas'. Tilb. Ingu●phus.  Whereunto we may add his other distribution of this Land (worse than any former) when thrusting the English out of their possessions, 
Camb. in Norm. Mat. West. lib. 2. etc.  he distributed their inheritances to his Souldier●; yet so, that all should be held of the King, as of the only tri● Lord and possessor.  
(3) For the Laws by which he meant to govern, he held one excellent rule and purpose, which was, that a People ought to be ruled by Laws written and certain: for otherwise new judges would still bring new judgements: 
Gervas'. Tilb. de Scaccar.  and therefore he caused twelve to be chosen out of every County, 
Hoveden p. 243. where they are set down.  which should on their oath, without inclining one way or other, neither adding nor detracting, open unto him all their ancient Laws and Customs. By whose relation understanding that three sorts of Laws formerly were in the Land, Merchenlage, Westsaxonlage, Dane-lage; he had preferred these last, (himself and People being anciently derived from those Northern people) had not all the Barons bewailing to the King, 
Ibid p. 347.  how grievous it was for a Land to be judged by those Laws which they understood not, 
Ingulphus.  altered his resolute purpose: yet in bringing in the strange forms of Normas Process, and pleading in the French tongue (which continued till Edward the thirds time) that grievance was but slenderly prevented. So likewise did he much alter the old Courts of justice, where these Laws should be ministered: but whereas the ancient Kings of England, according to Moses his example, sat in person in the seat of justice, to right the greater affairs of their Subjects, 
Lambert's Archaion.  as William Lambert showeth in King Alfred, Edgar, Canutus, etc. and proves out of the King's Oath, out of Bracton, Britain, Saxon-Lawes, etc. King William not only continued this; but besides erected some other Courts of justice, 
Gervas'. Regis Caria in qua i●s● in propria persone jura die●●●t.  as the Exchequer, and certain Courts and Sessions to be held four times every year: appointing both judges (some to hear causes, others to whom appeals should be made, but none from them) and also Prefects to look to good orders. Those last Polydore calleth justices of Peace; but their institution seems to be far later: and no less is his error on the other side, in saying the Conqueror first instituted Sheriffs, and the trial by twelve men, which were both ancienter.  
(4) And because the Conqueror, for honour of Bishops, caused them to remove from small obscure places to Cities of more renown; we have therefore reserved to this last place that division of this Kingdom, which is according to jurisdiction Episcopal. Formerly in the year of salvation, 
H●st. Derob.  636. Honorius the fifth Archbishop of Canterbury, first divided England into Parishes, which at this day are contained under their several Diocesans, and these again under their two metropolitans, (Canterbury and York) in manner following.   map of England 
THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND  

YORK.  York. Yorkshire. Nottinghamshire. 581. Chester. Cheshire. Richmondshire. Cumberland part. Lancashire. 256. Carlisle. Cumberland part. Westmoreland. 93. Durham. Durham. Northumberland. 135. Sodor. Man Island. 17.  
Totall Bishoprics 27. 
Parishes 9285.   
(5) To speak nothing of these twenty eight Flamens the Priests of Idolatry, and the three Arch-Flamins, whose seats were at London, 
Polyd. Hist. A●g. lib. 1.  Caerlion, and York; all of them converted by King Lucius into Christian Bishops Sees: let us only insist upon the three last, by the same King appointed to be metropolitans over the rest; among whom London is said to be chief: whose first Christian Archbishop was Thean, the builder of S. Peter's Church in Cornhill for his Cathedral, as by an ancient Table there lately hanging, was affirmed, and tradition to this day doth hold. Our British Historians do bring a succession of fifteen Archbishops, to have sat from his time unto the coming of the Saxons, whose last was Vodius, slain by King Vortiger, for reprehending his heathenish marriage with Rowen, the daughter of Hengist. At what time began the misery of the Land, and of holy Religion, both which they laid waste under their profane feet: until Ethelbert of Kent, the first Christian Saxon King, advanced Christianity, and Augustine to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, when London under Melitus became subject to that See.  
(6) At Caerlion upon uske, in the time of great Arthur, sit Dubritius, a man excellently learned, and of an holy conversation: he had sat Bishop of Landaffe a long time, and with Germanus and Lupus, two French Bishops, greatly impugned the Pelagian Heresy, infecting at that time the Island very far, whose fame and integrity was such, that he was made Archbishop of all Wales: but grown very old, he resigned the same unto 
* This David was the Uncle of Arthu●, and son of Princ X●●thus, bego● on M●lea●ia a Nun.  David his Disciple, a man of greater birth, but greater austerity of life, who by consent of King Arthur, removed his Archbishops See unto Menevia, a place very solitary and meet for meditation: the miracles of the man, (which are said to be many) changed both the name of the place into his own, and robbed Caerlion of her archiepiscopal seat: This See of S. David's, (as in an ancient Register belonging to that Church is recorded) had seven Bishops Suffragans subject unto it, which were Exeter, bath, Hereford, Landaffe, Bangor, S. Asaph, and Fernes in Ireland: Notwithstanding, either for want of Pall, carried into Britanny by Archbishop Samson, in a dangerous infection of sickness, either by poverty or negligence, it lost that jurisdiction, and in the days of King Henry the first, became subject to the See of Canterbury.  
(7) York hath had better success then either of the former, in retaining her original honour, though much impaired in her circuit, challenging to have been sometime Metropolitan over all the Bishops in Scotland: and although it was made equal in honour and power with Canterbury, 
Beda Hist●●. Angli● lib. 1. cap. 2●.  by Pope Gregory, as Beda relateth, and had twelve Suffragan 
* Ha●●s●ald. Linda●●rn, etc.  Bishoprics that owed obedience, only four now acknowledge York their Metropolitan, but Canterbury the Superior: for William the Conqueror thinking it dangerous to have two in like authority, lest the one should set on his Crown, and the other strike it off, left York to be a Primate, but Canterbury only the Primate of all England.  
(8) That Lichfield was made an archiepiscopal See by Pope Hadrian the first, at the suit of Offa, the great King of Mercia, is manifested by Matthew of Westminster, unto whose jurisdiction were assigned the Bishoprickes of Winchester, 
An. jom. 765.  Hereford, Leicester, Sidnacester, Helmham, and Dunwich, and whose first and last Archbishop was Aldwin. That Winchester also had intended an archiepiscopal Pall, the same Author recordeth, when Henry Bloys, of the blood-royal, greatly contended with the Archbishop of Canterbury for superiority, under the pretence of being Cardinal de latere; to him an archiepiscopal Pall was sent, with power and authority over seven Churches, but he dying before that the design was done, the See of Winchester remained in subjection to Canterbury. And that (long before) the See of Dorchester by Oxford, had the jurisdiction of an Archbishop, is apparent by those Provinces that were under his Diocese, which were Winchester, Oxford, Lincoln, Salisbury, Bristol, Wells, Lichfield, Chester, and Excester▪ and the first Bishop of this great Circuit, Berinus, was called the Apostle and Bishop of the Westsaxons: which in his next successor was divided into two parts, Winchester and Dorchester, and not long after into Lichfield, Sidnacester, and Legecester; and lastly, the See removed from Dorchester to Lincoln, as now it is. And thus far for the division of this Realm, both Politic and Ecclesiastic, as it hath stood and stands at this day.  
(9) But the whole Land's division, by most certain Record was anciently made, when julius Agricola drew a Trench or Fortification upon that narrow space of ground betwixt Edinburgh Frith, and Dunbretton Bay, making the Southern part a Province unto the Roman Empire. Afterwards Hadrian the Emperor seeing perhaps the Province too spacious to be well governed without great expense, drew back these limits almost fourscore miles shorter, even to the mouth of the River Tyne, whence he fortified with a wall of admirable work unto Carleile which stood the Lands border, while it stood as a Roman Province: yet the conquering Saxons did spread again over those bounds, and (as seemeth) enlarged their government to that first Tract, as by this Inscription in a Stone Cross standing upon a Bridge over the water of F●ith appeareth.  
I am a free March as Passenger may ken, 
Chron. Winton Ho●lienshed. ● scrip. Brit. p. 12   
To Scots, to Britain's, and to Englishmen.  
(10) But afterward William the Conqueror, and Malcolm King of Scotland, falling to an agreement for their limits, arreared a Cross upon 
* In the Nor Riding of Yo●kshire.  Stanemore, where on the one side the portraiture and Arms of the King of England was sculptured, and of the King of Scots on the other (a piece whereof is yet remaining there near to the spital) thence called the Rey-Crosse, there erected to be a Meare-stone to either Kingdom. His Successors also abolished the two partitions in the West, whereby the Welsh became one Nation and Kingdom with the English. It is also said that King Stephen to purchase friendship with the Scottish Nation, gave unto their King the County of Cumberland, who with it held both Westmoreland and Northumberland; but as Nubrigensis writeth, he restored them to King Henry the second, wisely considering his great power and right to those parts.  
(11) The last known borders were from the Sulway in the West-bay, along the Cheviot hills, unto the water of Tweed by Berwick in the East, to maintain which, on each part many laws have been made, and many inroads, robberies, and fewdes practised; all which by the hand of GOD is now cut off, and by the rightful succession of King JAMES our Sovereign, who hath broken down the partition of this great Island, and made the extremes of two Kingdoms, the very midst of his great united Empire.   

KENT, the first Province appearing in the South of this Kingdom, is bounded upon the North with the famous River Thamisis: on the East with the Germane Ocean: on the South with Sussex and the narrow Seas: 
M. Lamb. peramb.  and upon the West with Sussex and Surrey. The length thereof extended from Langley into the West, 
The length of Kent.  unto Ramsgate Eastward in the Isle of Thanet, is about 53. English miles. From Rother in the South, unto the Isle of Graine Northward, 
The breadth.  the breadth is not much above 26. and the whole circumference about 160.  

The form.  (2) In form it somewhat resembleth the head of a hammer or Battle-axe, and lieth corner-wise into the Sea: by Strabo, 
The name.  Caesar, Diodorus, and Ptolemy, called Cantium, of Cant or Canton, 
As M. William Lambard conjectureth.  an Angle or Corner: either of Caino a British word, which signifieth Bushes or Woods, whereof that Country in those former times was plentifully stored.  

The site of Kent.  (3) The Air, though not very clear, because of the vapours arising from the Sea, and Rivers that environ the same, is both wholesome and temperate, as seated nearest to the Equinoctial, and the furthest from the North-Pole, not touched with cold as the other parts of the Land are.  

The Soil.  (4) The Soil towards the East is uneven, rising into little hills, the West more level and woody, in all places fruitful, 
The commodities.  and in plenty equals any other of the Realm, yea, and in some things hath the best esteem: as in Broad-cloathes, Fruits, 
Wil Lambard, fol. 248.  and feedings for Cattle. Only Mines (excepting Iron) are wanting: all things else delivered with a prodigal heart and liberal hand.  

Rivers of Kent.  (5) Sundry navigable Rivers are in Kent, whereof Medway, that divideth the Shire in the midst, is chief; in whose bosom securely rideth his Majesty's Navy Royal, the walls of the land, and terrors of the Seas; besides ten others of name and account, that open with twenty Creeks and Havens for Ships arrivage into this Land, four of them bearing the name of Cinque Ports, 
The Cinque Ports.  are places of great strength and privileges, which are Dover, Sandwich, Rumney, and Winchelsey: among which Dover with the Castle is accounted by Matthew Paris the Monk, 
Peramb. of Kent, fol. 148.  the Lock and Key to the whole Realm of England; and by john Rosse and Lidgate is said to be built by julius Caesar, fatal only for the death of King Stephen, and surrender of King john therein happening.  
(6) A conceit is, that Goodwin-Sands were sunk for the sins of himself and his sons. 
Goodwin-sands.  Shelves indeed that dangerously lie on the North-east of this County, and are much feared of all Navigators. These formerly had been firm ground, but by a sudden inundation of the Sea were swallowed up, as at the same time a great part of Flanders and the Low Countries were: 
Silvest. Giraldus in his Itinerary of Wales Lamb. fol. 105. Hector Boetius.  and the like also at the same time befell in Scotland, as Hector Boetius their Historiographer writeth. A like accident happened in the year 1586. the fourth day of August, in this County, at Mottingham, a Town eight miles from London, suddenly the ground began to sink, 
john Stowe.  and three great Elms thereon growing, were carried so deep into the bowels of the earth, that no part of them could any more be seen, the hole left in compass fourscore yards about, and a line of fifty fathoms plummed into it doth find no bottom.  

The Inhabitants of Kent. Caesar. Com. lib. 5. fol. 52.  (7) The Kentish people in Caesar's time were accounted the civilest among the Britain's: and as yet esteem themselves the freest Subjects of the English, not conquered, but compounded with by the Normans: and herein glory, that the King and Commons of all the Saxons were the first Christians, converted in Anno 596. yea, and long before that time also Kent received the Faith: for it is recorded that Lucius the first Christian British King in this Island, 
Lam. Peram. in description of Dover, fol. 158.  built a Church to the name and service of Christ, within the Castle of Dover, endowing it with the Toll of the same Haven.  
(8) This County is enriched with two Cities & Bishops See, strengthened with 27. Castles, graced with eight of his Majesty's most Princely Houses, traded with 24. Market-towns, and beautified with many stately and gorgeous buildings. The chiefest City thereof, 
Canterbury by King Rudhudibras. Lam. Peram. in description of Canterbury, fol. 292.  the Metropolitan and Archbishops See, is Canterbury, built (as our British Historians report) 900. years before the birth of Christ; by Henry of Huntingdon, called Caier-Kent, wherein (as M. Lambard saith) was erected the first School of professed Arts and Sciences, and the same a Pattern unto Sigibert King of the East Angles, for his foundation at Cambridge: notwithstanding by the computation of time, this Sigibert was slain by Penda King of Mercia, 30. years before that Theodore the Grecian was Bishop of Canterbury, who is said to be the erector of that Academy. 
Ethelbert. Edbald. Lotharius. Withered. Edelbert.  But certain it is, that Austen the Monk had made this City famous before that time, by the conversion of these Saxons unto Christianity, and in building, a most magnificent Church to God's service, wherein eight of their Kings have been interred, but all their Monuments since overshadowed by the height of Beckets Tomb, that for glory, wealth, and superstitious worships, equalised the Pyramids of Egypt, or the Oracles of Delphos, yet now with Dagon is fallen before the Ark of God.  
This City hath been honoured with the presence and Coronations of King john and Queen Isabel his wife, 
1 Sam 5.4. Herein King john and his Queen were Crowned.  with the marriages of King Henry third, and of King Edward the first, and with the interments of Edward the Black Prince. King Henry the fourth, and of Queen joan his wife: as Feversham is with the burials of King Stephen, and of Maud his Queen and wife. But as in glory, so in adversity hath this City born a part, being divers times afflicted by the Danes, but most especially in the days of King Ethelred, who in that revenge of their massacre, made havoc of all, and herein slew forty three thousand and two hundred persons, the tenth besides reserved to live. Afterward it recovered breath and beauty by the liberality of Bishop Langford; Charters and Privileges by King Henry the third; strength in trench and Fortifications from King Richard the second: and lastly, walls for her defence by Simon Sudbury Archbishop of that See: whose Graduation is placed for Latitude 51.25. and parallelized for Longitude 22.8. her sister Rochester differing not much in either degree.  
(9) Which City (as Beda saith) was built by one Rof, 
Rochester.  Lord of the same, though some ascribe the foundation of the Castle to julius Caesar, and hath been often ruinated by the injuries of war, both in the times when the Saxons strove for superiority among themselves, wherein this City was laid waste, Anno 680. as also in the assaults of their common enemy the Danes, who about the year 884. from France sailed up the River Medway, and besieged the same, so that had not King Elfred speedily come to the rescue, it had been overthrown by those Pagans. And again, in Anno 999. the Danes miserably spoiled this City in the time of King Ethelred: neither hath it stood safe from danger since (though not defaced so much by war) for twice hath it been sore endamaged by chance of fire: the first was in the reign of King Henry the first, An. 1130. himself being present with most of his Nobility, for the consecration of the Cathedral Church of S. Andrew. And again almost wholly consumed about the latter end of the Reign of King Henry the second, Anno 1177. Yet after all these calamities it recovered some strength again, by the bounty of King Henry the third, both in buildings, and in ditching her about for defence.  
(10) Civil broils and dissensions hath this County been burdened with, 
Civil dissensions in Kent.  and that not only under the Saxons and Danes, whose desolations were many and grievous, but also by other rebellions since the Normans Conquest, both in those infamous insurrections called The Baron's Wars, in the reign of King Henry the third, wherein much harm was done: as also under King Richard the second, when Wat Tilar, Captain of a dreadful commotion, assembled at Black-heath, Mile-end, and in London, doing many outrages, where in Smithfield he was lastly struck down by William Walworth then Major of the City, and worthily slain for his notorious treasons. Again, upon Black-heath, Michael joseph, the Lord Dawbeny, with their Cornish Rebels, were overthrown by King Henry the seventh, Anno 1497.  
(11) Kent in the time of julius Caesar was governed by four several Kings. 
The government of Kent. Caes. Comment.  Under Vortigern the Britain, by a Lieutenant called Guorong, from whom the said King gave it to Hengist the Saxon, in favour of his Daughter Rowen, who seeking to make himself absolute King thereof, eight years after his first entrance, fought a victorious Battle against the Britain's near unto Crayford, and thenceforth accounted that Province his own. Yet afterward Vortimer the valiant Britain, gave him battle at Aylesford: in the which both Horsa and Catigern, brethren to both the Generals, were slain, and the Saxons driven into the Isle of Thanet, their first assigned habitation, not daring to enter the Continent so long as Vortimer lived. Catigern was interred upon the Plain, where to this day remaineth his Monument, being four stones pitched in manner of the Stonehenge, and is vulgarly called Citscotehouse. The like Monument was of Horsa at Horsted, which storms and time have now devoured. Hengist made this Province a Kingdom for himself and successors, which name and power it retained the space of three hundred and twenty years, when Egbert King of the Westsaxons subdued and joined it to his own: in which subjection it stood until the time of the Normans. Then was it given under the title of an Earldom by the Conqueror, 
The Earls of Kent.  unto Otho Bishop of Bayeux his half-brother, whose successors in that dignity were those most honourable Families, whose Arms and Names within this Plot are blazed and expressed. It is divided principally into five Laths, 
The division of Kent.  subdivided into 66. Hundreds, and them again into 398. Parishes ● and wherein had been seated three and twenty Religious Houses.   map of Kent 
KENT WITH HER CITIES AND EARLS Described and observed.  


LATHS DIVIded into Hundreds, and Hundreds into Parishes.  
Sutten. Black-heath, 7.  
Sutten. Bro●eley, 2.  
Sutten. Lesnes, 4.  
Sutten. Axtane, 16.  
Sutten. Rookesley, 15.  
Sutten. Godsheath, 8.  
Sutten. Westerham, 4.  
Sutten. Somerden, 6.  
Aylesford. Ho, 5.  
Aylesford. Shamele, 11.  
Aylesford. Toltingtroe, 6.  
Aylesford. Chetham, 3.  
Aylesford. Wortham, 4.  
Aylesford. Larkfield, 15.  
Aylesford. Littlefield, 3.  
Aylesford. Twiford, 6.  
Aylesford. Tunbridge, 2.  
Aylesford. Watchlingston, 5.  
Aylesford. West Barnefield.  
Aylesford. Brenchley, 3.  
Aylesford. Marden, 2.  
Aylesford. Eyhorne, 13.  
Aylesford. Maldstone, 7.  
Seray. Milton, 23.  
Seray. Tenham, 4.  
Seray. Feversham, 17.  
Seray. Bo●●on, 4.  
Seray. Felboro, 5.  
Seray. Chartley, 9  
Seray. Wye, 5.  
Seray. Byircholt, 1.  
Seray. Galehill, 8.  
Seray. Ashford.  
Seray. Blackborne, 5.  
Seray. Tenderden, 1.  
Seray. Barkley, 1.  
Seray. Cranbrooke, 3.  
Seray. Rolvenden, 2.  
Seray. Selbrightenden, 1.  
Seray. East Barnfield, 1.  
Seray. Newyadene.  
S. Augustine. Ringsloe, 4.  
S. Augustine. Blengate, 7.  
S. Augustine. Whirestable, 3.  
S. Augustine. Westgate, 4.  
S. Augustine. Downchamford, 6.  
S. Augustine. Preston, 2.  
S. Augustine. Bredge, 7  
S. Augustine. Kinghamford, 5.  
S. Augustine. Seasalter.  
S. Augustine. Wingham, 5.  
S. Augustine. East●y, 11.  
S. Augustine. Cor●iloe, 8.  
S. Augustine. Bewesbrough, 13.  
S. Augustine. Longport.  
Shepwey. Folkestane, 8.  
Shepwey. Lovingboroe, 4.  
Shepwey. Stowting, 5.  
Shepwey. Heane, 2.  
Shepwey. Pyrcholt stan, 2.  
Shepwey. Streets, 3.  
Shepwey. Worth, 2.  
Shepwey. Ilam, 3.  
Shepwey. Langport, 1.  
Shepwey. S. Martin.  
Shepwey. Newchurch, 4.  
Shepwey. Alowsbridge, 6.  
Shepwey. Oxney, 3.   


A  
ACryse, Shep.  
Acton, Sera.  
Addesham, Aug.  
Addington, Ails.  
Akkam, Shep.  
S. Alban, August.  
Aldington, Ails.  
Aldington, Shep.  
Aldwecke, Shep.  
All-hallows, Ails.  
Alkham, Shep.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉 Coltham, Ails.  
Allington, Shep.  
All Saints, August.  
APPLEDORE, Sera.  
As●●ey, August.  
〈…〉  
ASHEFORD, Seray.  
Ash●ey, August.  
Ash●●●, Ails.  
Aylesford, Ails.  
Aynsford, Sutten.  
Aythorne, August.    


B  
●●llesmere, Seray.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉 child, Seray.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Sutton.  
〈◊〉, Shep.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉 west, Ails.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉 bay, August.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Sera.  
〈◊〉, Sutton.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Shep.  
〈◊〉, Sera.  
〈◊〉, Seray.  
〈◊〉 brook flu.  
〈◊〉, Sera.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Ails.  
〈◊〉, August.  
〈◊〉, Sera.  
〈◊〉, Seray.  
Bewls flu.  
Bewtsfield, August.  
Bexley, Sutton.  
Bibrooke, Seray.  
Bichborow, Shep.  
Bic●or, Sera.  
Bidborow, Ails.  
Biddenden, Sera.  
Biknore, Ails.  
Bilsington, Shep.  
Bilsington, courie flu. Shep.  
Binbery, Ails.  
Birchingston, August.  
Birling flu.  
Birling, Ails.  
Bishopsborne, August.  
Bithborow, Shep.  
Blackmansbury, August.  
Blackmanston, Shep.  
Bleane, August.  
Bobbing, Seray.  
Bocton, Ails.  
Bocton Malherbs, Ails.  
Bocton a Luph, Seray.  
Bocton under Blean, Seray.  
Bonington, Shep.  
Bore place, Sutton.  
Borden, Seray.  
Borden, Ails.  
Botham, Ails.  
Bormesh, Shep.  
Borsfield, Seray.  
Borsholder, August.  
Boughton Maherb, Seray.  
Boughton Mouchelsay, Ails.  
Bourdfield, Seray.  
Boxley, Ails.  
Braborne, Shep.  
Braborne east, Seray.  
Braborne west, Seray.  
Bradborne, Sutton.  
Bradherst, Ails.  
Brandbridge, Ails.  
Breasted Upland, Sutton.  
The great Breach, Sutton.  
Bredgar, Seray.  
Bredge East, Shep.  
Bregge, August.  
Brenchesley, Ails.  
Breny, Shep.  
Brenset, Shep.  
breath, August.  
Bircholt, Seray.  
Bridge, August.  
Broad stairs, August.  
Brooke, Seray.  
Brooke house, Sutton.  
Brookland, Shep.  
Bromefield, Ails.  
Bromehill, Shep.  
BROMLEY, Sutton.  
Brompford, Seray.  
Broxam, Sutton.  
Buckland, Seray.  
Buckland, August.  
Buckwell, Seray.  
Burham, Ails.  
Burtrash, Shep.  
Burton, Seray.  
Buston, Ails.  
Buttesbridge, Shep.    


C  
Cabons, Shep.  
Calehill, Seray.  
CANTERBURY, Aug.  
Capell, Ails.  
Capell, Shep.  
Capell fleet, Seray.  
Cartham, Seray.  
Chafford, Ails.  
Chalk, Ails.  
Challocke, Seray.  
chapel at Streat, Shep.  
Charing, Seray.  
Charleton, Sutton.  
Charleton, August.  
Chartley little, Seray.  
Chartley great, Seray.  
Chartley, Ails.  
Chartham, Seray.  
Chartham, August.  
Chartham, Ails.  
Chelefield, Sutton.  
Chepsted, Sutton.  
Cheriton, Shep.  
Chetham, Ails.  
Chevening, Sutton.  
Chidingston, Sutton.  
Chilham, Seray.  
Chillenden, August.  
Chilton, August.  
Chiselherst, Sutton.  
Chistelet, August.  
Choten's Marsh, Seray.  
S. Clement, Shep.  
S. Cletes, Ails.  
Cleave, August.  
Clobesden gate, Shep.  
Clysse, Ails.  
cliff well, August.  
Cobham, Ails.  
Cobham hall, Ails.  
Cock's heath, Ails.  
Cockliscombe, Seray.  
Cock●ell bridge, Shep.  
Colred, August.  
Coshall, Seray.  
Cokeing, August.  
Comber west, Sutton.  
Combwell, Seray.  
Combdens' hill, Seray.  
Comford, Ails.  
Comherst, Ails.  
Cosmus bleane, August.  
Cossenton, Ails.  
Cowden, Sutton.  
Courseborne, Seray.  
Court Lodge, Seray.  
Cowdham, Sutton.  
Cowling, Ails.  
Cowling Park, Ails.  
Christchurch, August.  
Craford, Sutton.  
Cray North, Sutton.  
Cray flu.  
CRANBROOK, Sera.  
Cranbrooke, Seray.  
Crocks, Ails.  
Crog deipp, Seray.  
Crundall, Seray.  
Cuckstone, Ails.    


D  
Darrent, Sutton.  
Darrent flu.  
DARTFORD, Sut.  
Davington, Seray.  
Deal, August.  
Deane, August.  
Deane, Seray.  
Deane Court, August.  
Denge Marsh, Shep.  
Denge Nasse, Shep.  
Denhill, August.  
Denton, Ails.  
Denton, August.  
Dent de lion, August.  
Deptford upper, Sutton.  
Deptford lower, Sutton.  
Detling, Ails.  
Dimchurch, Shep.  
Ditton, Ails.  
Dodington, Seray.  
DOVER, August.  
Down, Sutton.  
Small Downs, August. ●  
Dray flu.  
Drum, August.  
S. Dunstone, August.    


E  
East bridge, Shep.  
East church, Seray.  
Eastry, August.  
Eastwell, Seray.  
Ebbene, Shep.  
Ebny, Seray.  
Ebsfleer, August.  
Ebridge course flu. Shep.  
Eden, Sutton.  
Eden bridge, Sutton.  
Edislay, Seray.  
Egarton, Seray.  
Egerton, Seray.  
Elmesley, Seray.  
Elmested, Shep.  
Elmestone, August.  
Elsenham, Seray.  
ELTHAM, Shep.  
Eltham, Sutton.  
S. Ens water, Shep.  
Epald bay, August.  
Erith, Sutton.  
Eseling, Seray.  
Eton-bridge, Sutton.  
Ey-bridge, Ails.  
Eyhorne, Ails.  
Eynesford, Sutton.  
Eythorne.  
Evering, Shep.  
Ewell, August.  
Eych-borom, Shep.    


F  
Fairfield, Shep.  
Fairelane, Ails.  
Farleigh east, Ails.  
Farleigh west, Ails.  
Farneburgh, Sutton.  
Farmingham, Sutton.  
Faulkeham, Sutton.  
Field, Seray.  
Ferry, Seray.  
FEVERSHAM, Seray.  
Fincheolts, Seray.  
Finglesham, August.  
Fleet North, Ails.  
Fleet South, Sutton.  
Flimwell, Seray.  
Folkston, Shep.  
Ford, Ails.  
Ford, August.  
Fordwich, August.  
Footescray, Sutton.  
Francs, Sutton.  
Frendsbury, Ails.  
Frendsted, Ails.  
Friendvile, August.  
Friars, Ails.  
Frith North, Ails.  
Frith South, Ails.  
Frittenden, Seray.    


G  
Gadshill.  
Genlad flu.  
S. Giles, August.  
Githorne, August.  
Gillingham, Ails.  
Goddonton, Seray.  
Goldgate bay, August.  
Godmarsham, Seray.  
Godneston, Seray.  
Goldwell, Seray.  
Goodwinston, August.  
Gore-court, Ails.  
Gore-end, August.  
Gotley, Seray.  
Gowdherst, Seray.  
Glassenbary, Seray.  
Graudney, Seray.  
GRAVESEND, Ail  
Greane Isle, Ails.  
Greneb, Ails.  
Grench, Ails.  
Greenhill, Seray.  
Greehyth, Sutton.  
Greenwich east, Sutton.  
Greenwich west, Sutton.  
Greenway-Court, Ails.  
Greystone bay, August.  
Grombride, Ails.  
Grove sery, August.  
Groveherst, Seray.  
Guildford, Shep.  
Guston, August.    


H  
Hadlow, Ails.  
Hadlow place, Ails.  
Haislath, Seray.  
Hakington, August.  
Hail, Ails.  
High Halden, Seray.  
Halden park, Seray.  
Halkweell, Ails.  
Halling, Ails.  
Halligrace, Seray.  
Halmessed, Seray.  
Halsted, Sutton.  
Halsted, Ails.  
Halsto high, Ails.  
Halstow, Seray.  
Ham, August.  
Ham, Shep.  
Harhaldowne, August.  
Harden upper, August.  
Harden nether, August.  
Hardrese, Shep.  
Haresgate, Ails.  
Hariesham, Ails.  
Harrie, Seray.  
Hartley, Sutton.  
Hartlip, Seray.  
Harwich, August.  
Hasting, Seray.  
Hastingleigh, Shep.  
Hatton, Seray.  
Haw, August.  
Hawborow, Shep.  
Hawkherst, Seray.  
Hawking, Shep.  
Hawling, Ails.  
Hawtesborne, Seray.  
Hearne, August.  
Hearnehill, Seray.  
Hedcorne, Ails.  
Hedcorne, Seray.  
Heden, August.  
Heys, Sutton.  
Helling, Seray.  
Hempsted, Seray.  
Herne, August.  
Herst, Shep.  
Hertfield bridge, Seray.  
Hever, Sutton.  
Higham, Ails.  
Hilden, Ails.  
Hinxell, Seray.  
HITHE, Shep.  
Hithe west, Shep.  
Hoathe, August.  
Hockenbury bridge, Sera.  
Hocket, Seray.  
Hollingborne, Ails.  
Huo, Ails.  
Honton, Ails.  
Hope, Shep.  
Hope bay, August.  
Horns, Shep.  
Horn place. Seray.  
Horsimonden, Ails.  
Horton ki●by, Sutton.  
Horton, August.  
Horton Monk●, Shep.  
Hospital, August.  
Hotbisbrough, Ails.  
Hothefield, Seray.  
Hongham, August.  
Howfield, August.  
Owlets Palace, Aug.  
Hucking, Ails.  
Hunger's hall, Ails.  
Hunton, Ails.  
Huntonford bridge, Ails.    


I  
S. James, Ails.  
Idehill, Sutton.  
Ifield, Ails.  
Ightam, Ails.  
Ileden, August.  
Ilkham, August.  
S. john's, August.  
Ivechurch, Shep.  
Iwade, Seray.    


K  
Kellington, August.  
Kempsing, Sutton.  
Kennerdington, Seray.  
Kennington, Seray.  
Kentbridge, Seray.  
Kenthach, Sutton.  
Keston, Sutton.  
Kerbrooke, Sutton.  
Kevingtown, Sutton.  
Kevingtown, Seray.  
Kingsdowne, Sutton.  
Kingsdowne, August.  
Kingsdowne, Seray.  
King's ferry, Seray.  
Kingswoth, Seray.  
Kingston, August.  
Kingswold, August.  
Kitskots-house, Ails.  
Knell, Sutton.  
Knowlton, August.    


L  
Lamberherst, Ails.  
Langden east, August.  
Langden west, August.  
Langley, Ails.  
Langley, August.  
Langley, Sutton.  
Langport, August.  
Layborne, Ails.  
La●kfield. Ails.  
S. Laurence, August.  
Leden, August.  
Lee, Sutton.  
Leedes, Ails.  
Lees court, Seray.  
Legs flu, Ails.  
LENHAM, Ails.  
Lentham east, Seray.  
Leigh. 1. Sutton.  
Leigh. 2. Sutton.  
Leisdon, Seray.  
S. Leonard, Ails.  
Lesnes, Sutton.  
Leveland, Seray.  
Lewsham, Sutton.  
lid, Shep.  
Lydden, Shep.  
Lydsing, Ails.  
Limb, Shep.  
Lymen Flu  
Lyming, Shep.  
Lyngell, Sutton.  
Lingsted, Seray.  
Linton, Ails.  
Littleborne, August.  
Longbeach, Seray.  
Longfield, Sutton.  
Lone, Ails.  
Lose, Ails.  
Lovelace, Seray.  
Luddenham, Seray.  
Luddesdowne, Ails.  
Lullingston, Sutton.    


M  
MAIDSTONE, Ail.  
May●hill, Seray.  
Martham sery, Seray.  
Malling ●ast, Ails.  
MALLING West, Ails.  
Maplesdowne, Sutton.  
Marden, Seray.  
Marden, Ails.  
Margaret bay, August.  
S. Margaret, Sutton.  
S. Margaret, August.  
S. Margaret, Ails.  
S. Margaret at cliff, August.  
S. MARY CRAY, Sutton.  
S. Marry, Shep.  
S. Marry, Ails.  
Marsham, Seray.  
Marshland Flu▪ Shep.  
S. Martin, Shep.  
Martin, August.  
Medway Flu.  
Mercham, Ails.  
Mereworth, Ails.  
Meriam Court, Ails.  
Mersham, Seray.  
Marsham Hatson, Seray.  
Mersham, Shep.  
Merston, Ails.  
Midley, Shep.  
Milgate, Ails.  
Mill-hall, Ails.  
Milkhouse, Seray.  
Milsted, Seray.  
MILTON, Seray.  
Milton, Ails.  
Milton, August.  
Minster, Seray.  
Minster, August.  
Mystole, August.  
Mole, Ails.  
Molands, August.  
Moldash, Seray.  
Mongham great, August.  
Mongham little, August.  
Monckton, Seray.  
Moncton, August.  
Morants' Court, Sutton.  
Morston, Seray.  
Moat, Ails.  
Motingham, Sutton.  
Munchelsey, Ails.  
Munford, Seray.  
Muttenden, Ails.  
Mylhall, Ails.    


N  
Nackington, August.  
Nash, Seray.  
Nash court, August.  
Sharp Nasse, Seray.  
Shire Nasse, Seray.  
Pepper Nasse, August.  
Small Nasse, Seray.  
White Nasse, August.  
Fair Nasse, August.  
Shell Nasse, August.  
Natington, August.  
Nayland point, August.  
Nettlested, Ails.  
Nethercourt, August.  
Nevenham, August.  
Newbridge, Seray.  
New church, Shep.  
New eye Flu Shep.  
Newenden, Seray.  
Newenton, Seray.  
New haven, August.  
Newington, Shep.  
New●nham, Seray.  
Newhyth, Ails.  
S. Nicholas, August.  
S. Nicholas at wood, Aug.  
S. Nicholas, Shep.  
Nokholt, Sutton.  
Noninton, August.  
Norborne, August.  
North forland, August.  
Norton, Seray.  
Nowre-heade, Seray.  
Nutsted, Ails.    


O  
O●sam, Ails.  
Old wives lease, Seray.  
Ollantigh, Seray.  
Organsweke, Shep.  
Orlaston, Shep.  
Orlaston, Shep.  
Orpinton, Sutton.  
Orpinton, Seray.  
Ospringe, Seray.  
Oslen hanger, Shep.  
Otham, Ails.  
Otham Abbey, Ails.  
Otteford, Sutton.  
Otterdon, Seray.  
Otteringden, Ails.  
Overland, August.  
Our, Seray.  
Outmeston, August.  
Oxney Island, Seray.  
Oxney, August.  
Oxenhoath, Ails.    


P  
Paddlesworth, Shep.  
Paddlesworth, Ails.  
Palmer's bay, August.  
Panscray, Sutton.  
Patriksborne, August.  
Pecham East, Ails.  
Pecham West, Ails.  
Pedelsworth, Ayle.  
Pensherst, Sutton.  
Pepenbury, Ails.  
Pipingley, Ails.  
Pery, Shep.  
Pet, Seray.  
S. Peter, August.  
Petham, August.  
Pevinton, Seray.  
Pierling, Ails.  
Pluckley, Seray.  
Plumsted, Sutton.  
Popeshall, August.  
Postling, Shep.  
Preston, August.  
Preston, Seray.  
Preston, Ails.  
Priory, She●.    


Q  
Queenborow, Seray.  
Quekes, August.    


R  
Radignudes, August.  
Ramesgate, August.  
Raynam, Seray.  
Rave●borne, Flu.  
Reculver, August.  
Reding, Seray.  
River, August.  
Richborow, August.  
Ridley, Sutton.  
Rie●sh, Ails.  
Ringleton, August.  
Ripplel, August.  
Rivers, August.  
River-hill, Ails.  
ROCHESTER, Ails.  
Rockins stairs, August.  
Rodmersham, Seray.  
Roydenhall, Ails.  
Royton, Seray.  
Roking, Shep.  
Rolling, August.  
Rolvinden, Seray.  
Romden, Seray.  
ROMNEY, Shep.  
Romneyold, Shep.  
Rookesley, Sutton.  
Rothe● Flu.  
Rucking, Shep.  
Rugu●ethill, Ails.  
Rusborne, August.  
ride, Seray.    


S  
All Saints, August.  
Saltwood, Shep.  
Sandherst, Seray.  
Sandhill, Seray.  
Sandowne, August.  
Sandpit, Seray.  
SANDWICH, Aug.  
Sargate, Shep.  
Sard, Seray.  
Scadbery, Sutton.  
Scadbury, Ails.  
Scale, Sutton.  
Scelling, Shep.  
Scorney, Seray.  
Scots-hill, Shep.  
Scabrooke Flu, Shep.  
Scale, Sutton.  
Seasalter, August.  
Sednor, Seray.  
Selling, Seray.  
Sellingder, Shep.  
SEVENOKE, Sutton.  
Sevington, Seray.  
Sewards, Seray.  
Shaddockherst, Shep.  
Shaddockherst, Seray.  
Shaniford, Seray.  
Sharsted, Seray.  
Sheyborne ruscall, Ails.  
Shelving, August.  
Shelwich, Seray.  
Sheppey Island, Seray.  
Shere Flu.  
Shene course Flu, Shep.  
Shiborne, Ails.  
Shepway cross, Shep.  
Sh●d Flu.  
Sholden, August.  
1. Shorland, Seray.  
2. Shorland, Seray.  
Shone, Ails.  
Shoram, Sutton.  
Shooters-Hill.  
Shotenden, Seray.  
Shirt, August.  
Sibertswood, August.  
Sidbrooke Flu, Shep.  
Sissingherst, Seray.  
SITI INBORN, Seray.  
Sittinborne little, Seray.  
Smalbrooke Flu. Ails.  
Smalhead, August.  
Smalhythe, Seray.  
Smarden, Seray.  
〈◊〉, Shep.  
Snagat, Shep.  
Snave, Shep.  
Snotheland, Ails.  
Secombe, Seray.  
south, Ails.  
Spelherst, Ails.  
Spelmendon, Ails.  
Spetingbrooke Flu, Shep.  
Spilspill, Seray.  
Stallisfield, Seray.  
Stanford, Shep.  
Stanford, Seray.  
Stanstead, Ails.  
Stanstead, Shep.  
Staple, August.  
Staplegate, August.  
Stap●therst, Seray.  
Stare, August.  
Starborow, Sutton.  
Stelling, Shep.  
S. Stephens, August.  
Stitcbridge, Ails.  
Storke, Ails.  
Stodmaish, August.  
Stoke, Ails.  
Stoakbury, Ails.  
Stoakbe●y, Seray.  
Stone, Sutton.  
Stone, Ails.  
Stone, Shep.  
Stone-end, Shep.  
Holine Stone, Shep.  
Stone, Seray.  
Stone-bay, August.  
Stoner, August.  
Stoningley, Ails.  
Stowmaish, August.  
Stowre Flu.  
Stouring, Shep.  
Stroud, Ails.  
Sturrey, August.  
Sturmouth, August.  
Sturtmarsh, Seray.  
Stutstall, Shep.  
Sundrich, Sutton.  
Surrenden, Seray.  
Sutton, August.  
Sutton at bone, Sutton.  
Sutton East, Ails.  
Sutton valance, Ails.  
Swalecliffe, August.  
The East Small, Aug.  
Swanscombe, Sutten.  
Swingfield, Shep.    


T  
Tannington, August.  
Taperegge, Ails.  
Tenham, Seray.  
Tenterden, Seray.  
Teston, Ails.  
Thanet Isle, August.  
Themote, Ails.  
Thorneham, Ails.  
Throwley, Seray.  
Tilmaston, Seray.  
Tilmeston, August.  
Tokingham, Seray.  
Tong, Seray.  
Torn, Ails.  
Town, Seray.  
Tremworth, Seray.  
Trottischise, Ails.  
Tudesey, Ails.  
Tudenham, Seray.  
TUNBRIDGE, Ails.  
Tunford, August.  
Tunstall, Seray.  
Tutsham, Ails.  
Turvey stayies, August.  
Twydall, Ails.  
Twidley, Ails.  
Twyford bridge, Ails.  
The Twist, Ails.  
Twytham, August.    


V  
Uddenham bridge, Seray.  
Vintners, Ails.  
Ulcombe, Seray.  
Ulcombe, Ails.  
Upchurch, Seray.  
Upnor, Ails.    


W  
Watchorne, Shep.  
Waldershare, August.  
Wallingford course Flu.  
Walmer, August.  
Waltham, Shep.  
Waltham, August.  
Wantsume, Flu.  
S. Warburg, alias Hoo. Ail.  
Warddon, Seray.  
Warchorne, Seray.  
Watringbury, Ails.  
Waye●-end, Shep. 

East Wear, Shep.    
Week, Ails.  
Well, August.  
Well-place, Sutton.  
Welles, Seray.  
Wellstreat, Sutton.  
Westhere, August.  
Westcliffe, August.  
Westcourt, August.  
West-gate, August.  
Westenhanger, Shep.  
Westheath, Shep.  
Westram, Sutton.  
Westre, Ails.  
Westwell, Seray.  
Whetsted, Ails.  
Whitestable, August.  
Whoornes' place, Ails.  
Witcheling, Ails.  
Wickham East, Sutton.  
Wickham West, Sutton.  
Wickham brux, August.  
Wide●ton, August.  
Wigme●e, August.  
Wigsell, Seray.  
Willesbrough, Seray.  
Wilmington, Seray.  
Wilmington, Sutton.  
Wimingswold, August.  
Wingham, August.  
Witham, Ails.  
Witrap, Shep.  
Wittresham, Shep.  
Witrisham, Seray.  
Woldham, Ails.  
Wolwich, Sutton.  
Wood, August.  
Woodchurch, Seray.  
Woodfalls, Ails.  
Woodland, Sutton.  
Woodnesborow, August.  
Wotton, August.  
Worth, August.  
Wormsh●ll, Ails.  
WROTHAM, Ails.  
WY●, Seray.  
Wye Court    


Y  
Yaldam, Ails.  
Yalding, Ails.  
Yotes, Ails.      

SUTHSEX, a word compounded of the side thereof Southward, and of the Saxons, whose Kingdom was the second in their Heptarchy, is written by them Suðex, 
The name of SUSSEX.  and by us Sussex, lieth stretched along the British Seas. The North confronts upon Surrey and Kent, and the West butteth upon Hampshire.  

The form, length and breadth.  (2) For form it lieth long and narrow, so that all her Rapes do run quite thorough the Shire, and containeth from Westbarting in the West, to Kent ditch that divides it from Kent in the East, sixty four Miles, but in the broadest part little above twenty, the whole in Circumference, about one hundred fifty eight Miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is good, though somewhat clouded with mists, which arise from her South bordering Sea, who is very prodigal unto her for Fish and Sea-fowle, though as sparing for Harbours or Ships arrivage, and those which she hath, as uncertain for continuance, as dangerous for entrance.  

The Soil.  (4) Rich is the Soil and yieldeth great plenty of all things necessary, but very ill for travellers, especially in the winter, the land lying low and the ways very deep, whose middle tract is garnished with Meadows, Pastures, and Cornfields; the Sea-Coast with Hills which are called the Downs, abundantly yielding both Grain and Grass, and the North side overshadowed with pleasant Groves and thick Woods, where sometimes stood the famous Wood Andradswald, containing no less than an hundred and twenty Miles in length, 
An. 478  and thirty in breadth, taking the name of Anderida a City adjoining: both which were won from the Britaines by Ella the first Saxon King of this Province, and the place made fatal to Sigebert King of the Westsaxons, who being deposed from his Royal Throne, was met in this Wood by a Swineherd, and slain in revenge of his Lord, whom Sigebert had murdered.  

The ancient Inhabitants, of Sussex.  (5) The ancient people in the Romans time were the Regni of whom we have spoken, and who were subdued by Vespasian the Leader of the second Legion under Aulus Plautius, Lieutenant in Britain for Claudius the Emperor. But after the departure of the Romans, this with Surrey was made the South-Saxons Kingdom: 
Sussex subdued to the Romans.  yet that giving place to the Westsaxons, as they in time to the Normans, it became a Province under the conquerors power, who gave to his followers much land in these parts.  

Chief places in Sussex.  (6) The place of most account in this Shire is Chichester, by the Britaines called Caercei, and by the Saxons Cissan-Ceasr, a City beautiful and large, and very well walled about, first built by Cissa the second King of the South-Saxons, wherein his Royal Palace was kept. And when K. William the first had enacted that Bishop's Seas should be translated out of small Towns unto places of greater resort, the Residence of the Bishop (until then held at Selsey) was removed to this City, where Bishop Raulfe began a most goodly Cathedral Church: but before it was fully finished, by a sudden mischance of fire was quite consumed. Yet the same Bishop, with the helping liberality of King Henry the first, began it again, and saw it wholly finished; whose beauty and greatness her fatal enemy still envying, again cast down in the days of King Richard the first, and by her raging flames consumed the buildings both of it and the Bishop's Palace adjoining, which Seffrid the second Bishop of that name re-edified and built anew. And now to augment the honour of this place, the City hath born the Title of an Earldom; whereof they of Arundel were sometimes so styled. Whose Graduation for Latitude, is removed from the Equator unto the degree fifty, fifty five minutes; and for Longitude, observing the same point in the West, whence Mercator hath measured, are twenty degrees.  
(7) With whom for frequency, bigness, and building, the Town Lewes seemeth to contend, where King Athelstan appointed the mintage of his Monies, 
Lewes.  and William de Warron built a strong Castle, whereunto the disloyal Barons of King Henry the third in warlike manner resorted, 
An. 1263.  and fought a great Battle against their own Sovereign and his son, wherein the King had his horse slain under him, Richard King of the Romans surprised and taken in a Windmill, and Prince Edward delivered unto them upon unequal conditions of Peace: But a greater Battle was fought at Battle, when the hazard of England was tried in one day's sight, 
A battle at Lewes' battle.  and Harold the King gave place to his Conqueror by losing of his life, among sixty seven thousand, nine hundred seventy four Englishmen besides; whose blood so spilt, gave name to the place, in French, Sanguelac. And the soil naturally after rain becoming of a reddish colour, caused William of Newberry untruly to write, 
Will Newberry.  That if there fell any small sweet showers in the place, where so great a slaughter of the Englishmen was made, presently sweateth forth very fresh blood out of the earth, as if the evidence thereof did plainly declare the voice of blood there shed, and cried still from the earth unto the Lord.  
(8) But places of other note in this Shire are these: 
Bas●●●.  From Basham Earl Harold taking the Sea for his delight, in a small boat was driven upon the coast of Normandy, where by Duke William he was retained, till he had sworn to make him King after Edward Confessors death; which oath being broken; the Bastard arrived at Pensey, 
Pensey.  and with his sword revenged that Perjury. At West-Wittering also Ella the Saxon before him had landed for the conquering of those parts, and gave name to the shore from Cimen his son. 
Cimenshore.  But with greater glory doth Gromebridge raise up her head, 
Gromebridge.  where Charles Duke of Orleans father to Lewes the twelfth, King of France, taken prisoner at Agincourt, was there a long time detained.  
(9) The commodities of this Province are many and divers, 
Commodities.  both in Corn, Cattell, Woods, Iron, & Glass; which two last, as they bring great gain to their Possessors, so do they impoverish the County of Woods; whose want will be found in ages to come, if not at this present in some sort felt.  
(10) Great have been the devotions of Religious persons in building and consecrating many houses unto the use and only service of Christ; 
Religious houses built and suppressed.  whose Bead men abusing the intents of their Founders, have caused those foundations to lament their own ruins: for in the tempestuous time of King Henry the Eight, eighteen of them in this County were blown down, whose fruit fell into the laps of some that never meant to restore them again to the like use.  
This Country is principally divided into six Rapes, every of them containing a River, 
The Shires division.  a Castle, and Forest in themselves, besides the several Hundreds whereunto they are parted, that is, the Rape of Chichester into seven, of Arundel into five, of Bramber into ten, of Lewes into thirteen, of Pevensey into seventeen, and of Haslings into thirteen, in all fifty six, wherein are seated ten Castles, eighteen market Towns, and three hundred and twelve Parish Churches as in the Table following appeareth.   map of Sussex 
SUSSEX Described and divided into Rapes with the fi●sation of Chichester the chief city thereof. And the arms of such Nobles as have been dignified with the title of Earls since the conquest and other accidents therein observed.  

Hundreds and Rapes in SUSSEX.  

Chichester Rape.  
〈…〉 hund.  
〈…〉 hund.  
Dump or hund.  
〈…〉  
Manbou● 〈◊〉  
Bex and 〈…〉 hundred.  
Al●weck hund.   

Arundel Rape.  
West A 〈…〉  
Botherbridge 〈◊〉  
P●ling 〈◊〉  
〈…〉  
Bary 〈◊〉   

Bramber Rape.  
West 〈◊〉 hund.  
〈…〉 hund.  
〈◊〉 hund.  
〈◊〉 hund.  
〈…〉  
〈…〉  
Fishe●gat● hund.  
Tipnoke hund.  
〈…〉 hund.  
S●ingle●●●sse hund.   

Lewes' Rape.  
Bark●●● and Hamsey 〈◊〉  
S 〈…〉  
H 〈…〉  
I 〈…〉  
U 〈…〉  
H 〈…〉  
F 〈…〉  
P 〈…〉  
Battinghill North hund.  
Battinghill South hund.  
Wyncham hund.  
〈◊〉 North part.  
Streat South part.   

Pevensey Rape.  
East gri●●te● hund.  
H 〈◊〉 hund.  
Rutherfield hund.  
Fox●●ald Kings hund.  
Tinfield and Bucklie hun.  
Ringomer hund.  
I●field hund.  
Rushmonden hund.  
Danchill horste● hund.  
Danchill Sheffeild hund.  
Sheplake hund.  
Dill hund.  
Longbri●ge hund.  
Willington hund.  
Eastborne hund.  
Alsiston hund.  
Flexborow hund.   

Hastings Rape.  
Foxenall hund.  
D●nill hund.  
Shewswell hund.  
Goldespure hund.  
Staple hund.  
Hanksborough hund.  
Nethersfeild hund.  
Boxhill hund.  
Ba●sloc hund.  
Gestling hund.  
Gostrowe hund.  
Nenvill hund.  
Henhurst hund.   


A  
ADrington, Arund.  
Alberton, Bramb.  
Alborne, Bramb.  
Adingborone, Chich.  
Adrington, ●ewes.  
Almanington, Chich.  
Aldfrisian P●u●n.  
Alsiston, Peven.  
Amberlie, Arund.  
Amersham, Chich.  
Angleton, Lewes.  
Angmering West. Arund.  
Angmering East. Arund.  
Angton, Arund.  
Anstye, Lewes.  
Apoledrum, Chich.  
Apsl●y, Bramb.  
Ardingleigh, Lexes  
Arundel forest. Arund.  
ARUNDEL, Arund.  
Arundel flu.  
Ashburnham, Hast.  
Ashefeuld, Arund.  
Athurst, Bramb.  
Assington, bramb.  
Aylworth, chich.    


B  
Badw●rth park, Arun.  
Balcombe, L●w●●.  
Balesd●ane, lewes.  
Balteslow Beacon haste.  
Barcombe, lewes.  
Barlavington, arund.  
Barlugh arche●, lewes.  
Barnham, arund.  
BATTLE, haste.  
bail Court, arund.  
The Beach, peven.  
Beawbush. bramb.  
Beckley, hast  
Bedingham, peven.  
Bedingstreat, bramb.  
Bentley, peven.  
Bepton, Chich.  
Bersted South. chich.  
Bersted North, chich.  
Berwyke, peven.  
Bexill, haste.  
Bidlington, bramb.  
Bigmo●e, arund.  
Bignor, arund.  
Billinghurst, arund.  
Bilson, arund.  
Binderton, chich.  
Binsted, arund.  
Bishophurst, bramb.  
Blackdow Beacon, chich.  
Blackhouse, peven.  
Blackston, bramb.  
Bletchington, lewes.  
Bletchington, peven.  
Bogner ●ocks chich.  
Bodgiham, haste.  
Bolbroke, peven.  
Bolney, le●es.  
Bony●k, bramb.  
Borcham Chapel, haste.  
Bormer, lewes.  
Borsill, haste.  
Borstye, lewes.  
Boscham, chich.  
Bosgrav● chich.  
Bows, bramb.  
Bowley, chich.  
Bramber, bramb.  
Bramble, peven.  
Brantsnap, lewes.  
Breed, haste.  
Brightling, haste.  
BRIGHTLL, MERSTON▪ H.  
Broadwater, bramb.  
Brodhill▪ lews.  
Brodhurst▪ peven.  
Bromehill church decayed, H.  
Broncham, haste.  
The Broil, peven.  
Broylehoe, peven.  
Buckingham, bramb.  
Brucksmale, haste.  
Buckhole, haste.  
Buckhurst, peven.  
Bucksted▪ peven.  
Buckstepe, haste.  
Budditon, chich.  
Bugsill, haste.  
Bulverhyth, haste.  
Burdham, chich.  
Burpham, arund.  
Burton, arund.  
Burton West. arund.  
Burwash b●acon, Ha.  
Burwash, haste.  
Bu●y, arund.  
Busham, arund.  
Beshopston, peven.  
Buttolphe, bramb.  
been, bramb.  
Byworth, arund.    


C  
Cackham, Chich.  
Camber head, haste.  
Camber castle. haste.  
Camber Salles, haste.  
Cansw●y, arund.  
Cardford, arund.  
Catesfield, haste.  
Catestret, peven.  
Cawdershaw, arund.  
Celsey, chich.  
Celsey Peninsu, chic.  
Chameis' court. lewes.  
Changton, bram.  
North Chapel, arund.  
Charleton, chich.  
Chaunton▪ peven.  
Chayligh, lewes.  
Chelworth▪ bram.  
CHICHESTER, C.  
Chilgrove, chich.  
Chiltington, bramb,  
Chiltington, lewes.  
Chitthan, peven.  
Chithurst, chich.  
Chittingle, peu.  
Chydham, chich.  
Clapham, arund.  
Clapham, bramb.  
Claverham, peven.  
Clayton, lewes.  
Cli●●e, peven.  
Climping, arund.  
Coate●, arund.  
Cocking, chich.  
Coldwatham, arun.  
Coleworth, chich.  
Combed, peven.  
Combs, bramb.  
Compton, chich.  
Covewald, bram.  
Cowding▪ haste.  
Cowdry, chich.  
Crabbet, lewes.  
Crawhurst, haste.  
Crawley▪ lews.  
Crawl, haste.  
Crocksted, peven.  
Cromble pond, peven.  
Crowborow, hill. peu.  
Cuckfeild, lewes.  
Cuckine●e haven, peven.  
Churlington, chich.    


D  
Dallington, haste.  
Dalingrig, peven.  
Dallington forest, haste.  
Dallington, haste.  
Danny, lewes.  
Darum wood, haste.  
Deane East, peven.  
Deane West, chich.  
Deane East, chich.  
Deane West, peven.  
Delsham, bramb.  
Dento, peven.  
DICHELING, le.  
Didlesford, arund.  
Didling, chich.  
Down forest, peven.  
Dounly, chich.  
Downton, arund.  
Drayton, chich.  
Drungwick, arund.  
Dunhurst, arund.  
Dunnington, ●hich.  
Duddleswell, peven.  
Dumpford, chich.  
Durrington, bramb.  
Dyke, Peven.    


E  
Eartham, chich.  
Eastergate, arund.  
Easton, chich.  
Eawood, haste.  
Eborne, chich.  
EBOURN▪ peu.  
Edburton, bramb.  
Ellsted, chich.  
Emley, chich.  
Emsworth, chich.  
Eustons, haste.  
Eridge haste.  
Eridge, peven.  
Eringham, bramb.  
Erlington, peven.  
Erule, chich.  
Estborne, chich.  
Etons, bramb.  
Etchingfold, bramb.  
Exc●●e, pevens.  
Ey●s, lewes.    


F  
Ferat, peven.  
Farnechurst, chich.  
far, arund.  
Fawmer, lewes.  
Fawhurst, bramb.  
Fawhurst, haste.  
Fawhurst, lewes.  
Fayrliegh, haste.  
Felpham, arund.  
Fernden, chich.  
Ferring, arund.  
Findon, bramb.  
Fithborne, chich.  
Fitleworth, arund.  
Flansham, arund.  
Fletching, peven.  
Flymwell, haste.  
Ford, arund.  
Foundington, chich.  
Foynton, peven.  
Framfeild, peven.  
Franchis, haste.  
Friston, peven.  
Frogfurle, peven.  
Furle, peven.    


G  
Gatewike, bramb.  
Gate, haste.  
G●stling, haste.  
Glasenouse, arund.  
Glatting, arund.  
Glyne, peven.  
Goodwood, chich.  
Goreing, arund.  
Greatham, arund.  
Greneley, peven.  
Grasham, chich.  
Grantye, lewes.  
Greene, arund.  
GRINSTEAD East, peu.  
Grinstead, bram.  
Grombridge peven.  
Gulford, haste.    


H  
Hadhurst, lewes.  
Halneck, chich.  
Hampnet West, chich.  
Hampnet East. chich.  
Hampton, arund.  
Hamsey, lewes.  
Hamsill bridge, peu.  
Handerose's. bramb.  
Hardham, arund.  
Hardley beacon. peven.  
Harlings, peven.  
Harmar, haste.  
Hartfeild, peven.  
Harting West, chich.  
Harting South, chich.  
Harting East, chich.  
Harting park, chich.  
HASTINGS, haste.  
Hastings, haven, haste.  
New Haven, peven.  
Haughton, arund.  
Haule land, peven.  
Hawkwood, haste.  
HAYLSHAM, peu.  
Hayshort, chich.  
Hayton, peven.  
Heathfeild, peven.  
Heene, bramb.  
Held, bramb.  
Hellingle, peven.  
Hemsted, peven.  
Henfeild, bramb.  
Herringham, arund.  
Hicksted, lewes  
Highdown, arund.  
Hoadleigh, lewes.  
Hoadly East, peven.  
Hollington, haste.  
Holmidale, peven.  
Holmsted, lewes.  
Holmewood, lewes.  
Homons, lewes.  
Ho, haste.  
Hoove, lewes.  
Horne●r●sse, arund.  
HORSHAM, bram.  
Heasted C●aym, peven.  
Horsted little, peven.  
Hotton, bramb.  
Howcourt, bramb.  
Howicke, arund.  
Hunston, arund.  
Hunston, arund.  
Hurst, arund.  
Hurst perpoint, lewes.  
Hurstmonseu●, hast  
Hyndall, peven  
Hyncleap peven.    


I  
japton, arund.  
Ibernowe, arund.  
Ichnor West, chich.  
Ichnor East. chich.  
Icketham, haste.  
Iden, haste.  
jemington, peven.  
Ifeild, bramb.  
Ifeild Court, bram.  
Iss●●ld, lewes.  
Iso●d, lewes.  
Il●ham, arund.  
Immer●●urne, peven.  
Isting, chich.  
Itchiah●●n, haste.    


K  
Kent ditch, haste.  
Kenward, lewes.  
Kingston, lewes.  
Kingston, arund.  
Kingston, bramb.  
Kn●pp Castle, bram.  
Kymer, lewes.    


L  
Laborey, peven.  
Langn●y peven.  
Lavantsia.  
Lavant East, chich.  
Lavant West, chich.  
Laughton peven.  
Laughton, peven.  
Launsing North, bram.  
Launsing South, bram.  
Laythorne, chich.  
Leckford bridge chi.  
Le●, arund.  
S. leonard's, bramb.  
S. leonard's forest, bram.  
Leugnerth●, chich.  
LEWES, lewes.  
Linch●mere, chich.  
Lindfi●ld draches, lewes.  
Landfield bardo●e, lewes.  
Littleton, arund.  
Lodesworth, chich.  
Loefield borrow, lewes.  
Lordings, arund.  
lovel Cross, lewes.  
Loxwood, arund.  
Ludley, peven.  
Ludsham, peven.  
S. Luke's. chich.  
Lurgershalt, chich.  
Lychouse, lewes.  
Lydsey, chich.  
Lymister, arund.  
Lythe chap. chich.  
little, arund.    


M  
The Manhood, chich.  
Marieposte, bramb.  
Marsfield, peven.  
Martial, peven.  
Mawling, peven.  
Maxfi●ld, haste.  
Maydhurst, arund.  
May's, peven.  
Mayfield, puen.  
Meadhond park. arund.  
M●rden E●●●, chich.  
Me●den ●pper, chich  
M●rden West, chich.  
M●rden North. chich.  
M●rch, haste.  
Ma●s●on, chich.  
Michelham, peven.  
Michelham 〈◊〉, arun.  
Mich●lg●●ve, arund  
Miching Iewes.  
Middl●ton, peven.  
Middleton, arund.  
MIDHURST, chich  
Midlavant, chich.  
More, arund.  
Morchale, haste.  
Monscombe lews  
Mountharry, lewes.  
〈◊〉, haste.  
Mundham North, chich.  
Mundham South, chich  
Mychelham, peven.  
Myll-place, lewes.    


N  
Nash, bramb.  
Neland, lewes.  
Neafeild, haste.  
Netherf●ild, haste.  
Newbridge, arund.  
Newicke, lewes.  
N●wndparke, peven  
Newtimber, lewes.  
North Chapel, arund  
Northwood, arund.  
Nordy Chappel, haste.  
Nordiham, haste.  
Nottington, peven.  
Norton, peven.  
Nutborne, arund.  
Nutborne, chich.  
〈◊〉, bramb.  
Nutley, peven.    


O  
〈◊〉, arund.  
Ossington, bramb.  
Okehurst, a●u●d.  
Oldbury, chich.  
Ovingdeane, lewes.  
Out, haste.  
O●rmo●th, chich.  
Ow●ing, chich.    


P  
Pagh●m, chich.  
Pamell bridge, haste▪  
Pangden, lewes.  
Parham, arund.  
New Park, peu.  
Pashley, haste.  
Patcham, lewes.  
Patching, bramb.  
Patcham, arund.  
Pains, lewes.  
Perching, lewes.  
Peasmershe, haste.  
The Pell, haste.  
Pemsey, peu●n.  
Pemsey haven, peu  
Penhurst, haste.  
Pepplesham, haste.  
Peppering, arund.  
Petley wood, haste.  
Pert, haste.  
PE●WORTH, A.  
Peu●nsey mershe, P.  
Piddinghoe, lewes.  
P●gions, arund.  
Playstoe, chich.  
Playstowe Chap. arund.  
Pleaden, haste.  
Pleshet park, peven.  
Plumpton, lewes.  
Poling, arund.  
Pooning, lewe●.  
Popholl, chich.  
Porteslade, lewes.  
Pownsey, peven.  
Preston, lewes.  
Preston, chich.  
Priest's Haws, peven.  
Preston, ●●st, arund.  
P●lb●r●u●h, arund.  
Pycombe, lewes.  
Pippenford, peven.    


R  
Racton, chich.  
Radmill, lewes  
Rallingdeane, lewes.  
Ratten, peven.  
R●umer, chich.  
Ringmer▪ peven.  
Ripe, peven.  
River, chich.  
River park, chich.  
Rogate, chich.  
S. Rookes hill, chich.  
Rossey, bramb.  
Rother flu.  
Rother bridge al●b●y. ha.  
Rother bridge, haste.  
Rotherfeild, peven.  
Rotterbridg●, arund.  
Rowdell, bramb.  
Rowdant. lewes.  
RYL, haste.  
Rudwyke, arund.  
Runckton, chich.  
Rusper, bramb.  
Russington, arund.    


S  
Sand, arund.  
Salehurst, haste.  
Salomon's bridge, C.  
Schelley, bramb.  
Seal, bramb.  
Seaford, bram.  
Sedl●scombe, lewes.  
S●dwick, bram.  
S●lham, chich.  
Selhurst, chich.  
S●lmeston, peven.  
Selscombe, haste.  
S●dd●●ham, chich.  
Sidly, haste.  
Singleton, chich.  
S●sl●bury hill, bram.  
Shesfeild, peven.  
Shelbred, chich.  
Shermanbury, bram.  
Shilling park, arund.  
Shipley, bramb.  
SHOREHAM NEW, b  
Shorcham old bramb.  
Shortfeild, bramb.  
Shripney, chich.  
Shullington, arund.  
Sidly, haste.  
Slaugham lews.  
Slindon, arund.  
Slowhouse, lewes.  
The Sluice, haste.  
The Sluice, arund.  
Slynford, bram.  
Smythawe, arund.  
Snowring, bram.  
Socknyes, haste.  
South, pe●e●.  
Southes, lewes.  
Sout●brooke, bramb.  
Southgate, chich.  
Southover, lewes.  
Southweeke, bramb  
Soweton, peven.  
Stamerham, bramb.  
Stanmer lews.  
Stansted, chich.  
Stapley beacon, haste.  
Stedham chich.  
STENNINO, bram.  
Stoake West, chich.  
Stock North, arund.  
Stock South, arund.  
Stockey hill, peven.  
Stoneham, peven.  
Stonelinck, haste.  
Stonland park peven.  
Stopham bridge, arund.  
Stopham, arund.  
Storrington arund.  
Stotover, chich.  
St●ughton, chich.  
〈◊〉 lews.  
〈◊〉 Bramb.  
〈◊〉 chich.  
Sult●n, arund.  
Sutton, peven.  
〈◊〉 lews.  
Sydny, lewes.    


T  
Tablehurst, peven.  
Tangmer, chich.  
Te●●combe▪ lews.  
Tearing, peven.  
TERRING, bram.  
〈◊〉 lews.  
T●●●ngton, arund.  
T●●hurst, haste.  
Thakam, bramb.  
Themens', arund.  
Thorney I●e, chich.  
Thorney, chich.  
Tortington, arund.  
Torton, arund.  
Tottington, bramb.  
Tottington, arund.  
Tratton, chich.  
Tr●fort chich.  
Truly, bramb.  
Turwick, chich.  
Tustons, haste.  
Twin●ham, lewes.  
Ties, lewes.    


V  
V●●feild, peven.  
Vdym●re, haste.  
Vertwood, peven.  
Vpwaltham, arund.    


W  
Wad●hurst, peven.  
Wakehurst, lewes.  
Walberton arund.  
Walderne, peven.  
Walderton, chich.  
Walchech, peven.  
Waltham, chich.  
Wamingore, lewes.  
Wapingh●r, ●ramb.  
Wapsburne, lewes.  
Wa●bleton, haste.  
Warminghurst br●.  
Warmingcampe, ar●.  
Warnham, bram.  
Wartling, haste.  
Wasshinton, bramb.  
Water down Forest, peu.  
Waynway channel haste.  
Week, arund.  
Wellingham, Peu.  
Wepham, arund.  
Westborne, chich.  
Westergate, chich.  
Westerton, chich.  
Westfeild, haste.  
Westgate, chich.  
Westham, peven.  
Westmiston, lewes.  
Westwolves, bramb.  
Whilde●, lewes.  
Whiteden, peven.  
Wickham, bramb.  
Wiggenhoult, arund  
Wigsill, haste.  
Willington, peven.  
Willington, peven.  
Winchelsey old, haste.  
WINCHELSEY, H.  
Windeham. bramb.  
Winton, peven.  
Wiston, bramb.  
Wittering West, chich  
Wittering East, chich.  
Wivelsfeild, lewes.  
Wodmancote, bram.  
Wogham, lewes.  
Wolbeding, chich.  
Wollavington, arun.  
Worsham, haste.  
Worth Forest, lewes.  
Worth, lewes.  
Worting, bramb.  
Wotton, peven.  
Wotton, lewes.  
Wulbow, lewes.  
Wyke, chich.  
Wylie, peven.  
Wythyham, peven.      

SURREY. CHAPTER VI.  
SURREY, by Beda called Suthry and by the Saxons written Suðrea, 
The bounds of Surrey.  lieth separated upon the North from the Counties of Buckingham and Middlesex, by the great River Thamesis; upon the East Kent doth inbound it; upon the South is held in with Sussex and Hampshire: and her West part is bordered upon by Hampshire and Bark-shire.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is somewhat square, and lieth by North and by East, whereof Redrith and Frensham are the opposites, betwixt whom are extended thirty four miles. 
The length.  The broadest part is from Awfold Southward, to Thamesis by Staines, and them asunder twenty two: 
The circumference.  the whole in circumference is one hundred and twelve miles.  

The Air and Soil.  (3) The Heavens breathing air in this Shire is most sweet and delectable, so that for the same cause many royal Palaces of our Princes are therein seated, and the Country better stored with game then with grain, in so much that this County is by some men compared unto a homespun freeze cloth, with a costly fair lift, for that the out-verge doth exceed the middle itself. And yet is it wealthy enough both in Corn and Pasturage, especially in Holmesdale, and towards the River of Thamisis.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) In this Shire the Regni (an ancient people mentioned by Ptolemie) were seated, whom he brancheth further thorough Sussex and some part of Hampshire. And in the wane of the Romans government, when the Land was left to the will of Invaders, the South-Saxons under Ella here erected their Kingdom, which with the first was raised, and soon found end. From them no doubt the County was named Suth-rey, as seated upon the South of the River; and now by contraction is called Surrey.  

Principal places in Surrey.  (5) And albeit the County is barren of Cities or Towns of great estate, yet is she stored with many Princely houses, yea & five of his Majesties, so magnificently built, that of some she may well say, no Shire hath none such, as is None-such indeed. And were not Richmond a fatal place of England's best Princes, it might in esteem be ranked with the richest: for therein died the great Conqueror of France, King Edward the third, the beautiful Anne daughter to Charles the Fourth, Emperor, and entirely beloved wife to King Richard the Second; the most wise Prince King Henry the Seventh, and the rarest of her Sex, the mirror of Princes, Queen Elizabeth, the world's love, and Subjects joy.  
(6) At Merton likewise Kenulph King of the Westsaxons came to his untimely end: and at Lambeth the hardy Canute, and last of the Danish Kings, died among his Cups. But as these places were fatal for the last breath of these Princes, so other in this County have been graced with the body and beginning of other worthy Monarches: for in Chertsey Abbey King Henry the Sixth, who was deposed and made away in the Tower of London, 
King Henry the sixth buried at Chertsey.  was first interred without all funeral pomp, but for his holy life was imputed a Saint, and lastly translated, and entombed at Windsor. At Kingston likewise stood the Chair of Majesty, wherein Athelstan, Edwin, and Ethelred sat at their Coronation, and first received their Sceptre of Imperial power. Guildford likewise hath been far greater than now it is, when the Palace of our English Saxon Kings was therein set. And seeing it is the midst of the Shire, the graduation from hence shall be observed, where for Latitude the Pole is raised from the degree 51.22. scruples: and her Longitude from the West in the degree 20. and 2. scruples.  
(7) Neither can we account Okam and Ripley, two small villages, the least in this Shire, which have brought forth the well-known men, 
Cambden.  William de Okam, that deep Philosopher and admirable Scholar, and George de Ripley, the ringleader of our Alchemists and mystical Impostors; both of them borne in this County, and very near together. But why speak I of these, sith a place nearer to sight, and greater for fame, even Lambeth, is the high Seat of Ecclesiastical Government, Piety, & Learning, and Palace of Canterbury's Archbishops, the Metropolitans of England. First erected by Archbishop Baldwin, and ever since hath been the residing of all those worthy Prelates of our Church, who in a long succession (even from An. 596.) have continued to him that now most worthily sits at the Churches stern, George by God's providence Lord Archbishop of that See, a most faithful and prudent Counsellor unto King Charles, and a most learned and provident Guide of our most flourishing Church: whose gracious favour undeservedly conferred upon me, hath been a great encouragement to these my poor endeavours.  
(8) Memorable places for Battles fought before the Conquest, 
Battles before the Conquest in Surrey.  were Wembledon, where (when the fullness of prosperity burst forth into Civil Dissensions among the Saxons) a bloody Battle was fought betwixt Cheaulin the West-Saxon, and young Ethelbert of Kent, wherein he was discomfited, and two of his principal Leaders slain, about the year of Christ, 
Some say this Victory was obtained at Fernham in Kent.  560. and three hundred thirty three years after, King Elfred with a small power overcame the Danes with a great slaughter at Farnham in this County, which somewhat quelled the courage of his savage enemy. 
john Stow.   
(9) Religious houses erected in this Shire by the devotion of Princes, and set apart from public uses to Gods Divine Service, and their own Salvation, as then was taught, 
Religious houses erected and suppressed in Surrey.  the best in account were Shene, Chertsey, Merton, Newarke, Rygate, Waverley, Horsleg; and in Southwark, Bermundsey, and S. Mary's. These all flourished with increase, till the ripeness of their fruit was so pleasing in sight and taste unto King Henry the Eighth, that in beating the boughs he broke down body and all, ruinating those houses, and seizing their rich possessions into his own hands. So jealous is God of his honour▪ and so great vengeance followeth the sin of Idolatry.  
(10) In this Shire have stood eight fair and strong Castles: 
The divisions of Surrey.  such were Addington, Darking, Starburg, Rygate, Guildford, Farnham, Goseford, and Brenchingley: but of greater State are Oking, Otlands', Non-such, and Richmond, his Majesty's royal Manors. And for service to the Crown or Commonwealth's employments, this Counties division is into thirteen Hundreds, wherein are seated eight Market-towns, and one hundred and forty Parish-Churches, as in the Table following is inserted.   map of Surrey 
SURREY DESCRIBED AND DIVIDED INTO HUNDREDS  


HUNDREDS IN SURREY.  
1. CHertsey.  
2. Woking.  
3. Fernham.  
4. Godalming.  
5. Emley.  
6. Kingston.  
7. Brixton.  
8. Croyden.  
9 Tanridge.  
10. Reygate.  
11. Copthorne.  
12. Darking.  
13. Blackheath.   


A  
Abinger, Dark.  
Abroke, Emley.  
Abscourt, Emley.  
Addington, Croyden.  
Adleston, Chert.  
Adscombe, Croyden.  
Albury, Black.  
S. Anne's Hill, Chert.  
Anuvall, Fern.  
Artingten, Godal.  
Ashe, Woking.  
Ashted, Copthorne.  
Awford, Black.    


B  
Badshott, Fern.  
Bagshott, Woking.  
Bansted Croyden.  
Barn, Brix.  
Barnelmes, Brixt.  
Basingstone, Woking.  
Battersey, Brixt.  
Baynard●, Black.  
Beachw●r●h West, Darking.  
Beachworth East, Reyg.  
Bedi●gton, Croyden.  
Binscombe, Godalm.  
Bisley, Chert.  
Bishop's Court, Tanr.  
Blackheath, Woking.  
Bletching Foreign, Tanr.  
Bletchingleigh, Tanr.  
Block●ield, Tanr.  
Bokham great. Copthorne.  
Bokham little Copthorne.  
Bradley, Woking.  
Bramley, Black.  
Brookham, Reyg.  
Brookwood, Woking.  
Buckham lane, Chert.  
Buckland, Reyg.  
Burgate, Godal.  
Burghouse, Copth.  
Burphants, Woking.  
Burstow, Reyg.  
Burstow Par●e, Tanr.  
Burstow lodge. Tanr.  
Byflet, Chert.    


C  
Camerwell, Brixt.  
Capell, Dark  
Carshalton, Croyden.  
Caterham, Tanr.  
Cattershull, Godal.  
Cawswaye, Dark.  
Chaldon, Croyden.  
Charte, Fern.  
Chartwood, Reyg.  
Cheame, Croyden.  
Chellsham, Tanr.  
Chergworth, Emley.  
Chertsey, Chert.  
Chesyington, Copth.  
Chiddingfold, Godal.  
Chilworth, Black.  
Chipsteed, Reyg.  
Cleagate, Kingston.  
Clandon West, Woking.  
Clandon East, Woking.  
Clapham, Brixt.  
Cobham, Emley.  
Cobham, Chert.  
Cobham street, Emley.  
Comb Park, Brix.  
Comb Nevil, King.  
Cookham little, Cop.  
Cookham great, Cop.  
coley, Reyg.  
Compton, Fern.  
Compton, Godal.  
Consford, Black.  
Cranley, Black.  
Crowhurst, Tanr.  
CROYDEN, Croyd.  
Culsdon, Croyd.    


D  
DARKING, Darking.  
Deddington, Croyd.  
Dovers, Reyg.  
Dulwich, Brix.  
Dunsfold, Black.  
Dytton thames, Kingst.  
Dytton long. Kingst.    


E  
Ebbesham, Cop.  
Ebbesham Court. Cop.  
Effingham, Cop.  
Egham, Chert.  
Elsted, Fern.  
Embhams', Godal.  
Enton, Godal.  
Esher, Emley.  
Esher park, Emley.  
Eshing, Godal.  
Ewell, Cop.  
Ewhurst, Black.  
Eywood, Dark.    


F  
Farley, Tanr.  
Farnecome, Godal.  
FARNEHAM, Fern.  
Fawell, Cop.  
Fetcham, Cop.  
Flanchford, Reyg.  
Frensham, Fern.  
Frimley, Chert.    


G  
Gatton, Reyg.  
S. George Hill, Emley.  
Glashouse, Black.  
GODALMING, Co.  
Godstone, Tan.  
Goldwhurd, Tan.  
GVILDFORD, Wok.  
Guildford Manor. Woking.  
Gumshall, Black.    


H  
Hackstall, Tan.  
Haling, Croyden.  
Ham, Reyg.  
Hambledon, Godal.  
Hamhaw, Chert.  
Hartmere, Godal.  
Hascombe, Black.  
Hasilmere, Godal.  
Hatcham, Brixt.  
Haw, Dark.  
Hedley, Cop.  
Henly Park, Woking.  
Hindhead, Godal.  
Hodge Court, Tan.  
Holmbury, Black.  
Holwoodborow, Dar.  
Horley, Reyg.  
Horstell, Chert,  
Horsley West, Woking.  
Horsley East, Woking.  
Horton, Cop.  
Hourne, Tan.    


K  
Katerham, Tan.  
Katern hill, Woking.  
Kennington, Brix.  
Kewe, Kingst.  
King's hill, Brix.  
KINGSTON upon Thames, King.  
Kingfield, Tan.  
Knole, Black.  
Kynnersley, Reyg.    


L  
Lagham, Tan.  
Lambeith, Brix.  
Lambeith deane, Brix.  
Lambeith marsh, Brix.  
Lathesley, Godal.  
Laystrete, Reyg.  
Leighe, Reyg.  
Leth, Dark.  
Letherhead, Cop.  
Lingfield, Tan.  
Lingfield street, Reyg.  
Littleton, Godal.  
Loxley, Black.  
Limsfield, Tan.    


M  
Malden, King.  
Martin Nevil Brix.  
Martin's on the hill, Black.  
Mayfort, Woking.  
Merrowe, Woking.  
Merstham, Reyg.  
Mickleham, Copt.  
Milton, Dark.  
Mitcham, Croyden.  
Molsey West, Emley.  
Molsey East, King.  
Morden, Croyden.  
Morden, Tan.  
Morehouse, Fern.  
Mortclacke, Brix.  
Mounsted, Black.  
Mylford, Godal.    


N  
Newarke, Woking.  
Newchappell, Tan.  
Newington, Brix.  
Newlodge, Chert.  
Non-such, Croyden.  
Norbury, Cop.  
Nore, Black.  
Nudigate, Reyg.  
Nuttfield, Reyg.    


O  
Ockham, Woking.  
Ockley, Dark.  
Ognersh, Black.  
Okeley, Dark.  
Okested, Tan.  
Okewood, Black.  
Otlands', Emley.  
Oxenford, Godal.    


P  
Peckham, Brix.  
Pecham Rye, Brix.  
Pensgreene, Brix.  
Pepperharrow, Godal.  
Pettersham, King.  
Pirford, Chert.  
Pittfall, Godal.  
Polsdon, Cop.  
Polsted, Godal.  
Pophole, Godal.  
Potnol, Chert.  
Poundhill, Tan.  
Poyle, Fern.  
Preston, Cop.  
Purbright, Woking.  
Purtenham, Godal.  
Putney, Brix.    


R  
Redrith, Brixt.  
REYGATE, Reyg.  
Reygato Foren, Reyg.  
Reygate Church, Reyg.  
Richmond, Kingst.  
Ripleyff, Wok.  
Robarns, Wok.  
Rowhampton, Brix.  
Runfold, Fern.  
Runwick alias Dipnel, Fern.    


S  
Sanderste, Croyden.  
Salton upon Thamesis. Emley.  
Salton on the hill, Cop.  
Sansted, Cop.  
Scotsland, Black.  
Scale, Fern.  
Send, Wok  
Shakleford, Godal.  
Shalford, Black.  
Shellwood, Reyg.  
Shere, Black.  
Shipley bridge, Tan.  
Shipley bridge, Reyg.  
Shooland, Godal.  
Shotover mill, Godal.  
Shine, King.  
Shine East, Brix.  
Sidlum, Reyg.  
Slyfield, Cop.  
Smalefield, Tan.  
South Park, Tan.  
SOUTHWARK, Brixt.  
Stanesborne, King.  
Starburg, Tan.  
Stenestreete, Dark.  
Stockwell, Brix.  
Stoke, Woking.  
Stoke dauborne, Emley.  
Stowghton, Wok,  
Stretham, Brix.  
Stroud, Chert.  
Sutton, Croyden.  
Sidney, Black,    


T  
Tadwort, Cop.  
Talworth Court, King.  
Tangley, Black.  
Tanridge, Tan.  
Tatesfield, Tan.  
Temple Dar.  
Thorpe, Chert.  
Thursley, Godal.  
Tilford, Fern.  
Titting, Woking.  
Tittesley, Tan.  
Tongham, Fern.  
Towting graveney, Brix.  
Towting beck. Brix.  
Trotworth, Chert.    


V  
Vachery, Black.  
Vnsted, Black.    


W  
Walkamsted, Tan.  
Wallington, Croyden.  
Walton, Cop.  
Walton, Emley.  
Walworth, Brix.  
Wanborow, Woking.  
Wansworth, Brix.  
Warlingham, Tan.  
Warmingfold, Black.  
Waverley, Fern.  
Waybridge, Emley.  
Wescot, Dark.  
Weston, Black.  
Westwood, Woking.  
Wheler street, Godal.  
Whitley, Godal.  
Wiggy, Reyg.  
The Wild, Godal.  
Willmore pound, Cop.  
Willy, Reyg.  
Wimbledon, Brix.  
Windlesham, Woking.  
Winsham, Chert.  
Wisley, Chert.  
Witley, Godal.  
Wodham, Chert.  
Wodham lane, Chert.  
Woking, Woking.  
Woocote, Croyd.  
Woodcock bride, Tan.  
Woodhatch, Reyg.  
Woodmanstone, Croyd.  
Wooldingham, Tan.  
Worplesdon, Woking.  
Worplesdon, Woking.  
Wotton, Dark.  
Wrecklesham, Fern.  
Wyke, Woking.      

HANTSHIRE, by the Saxons written Handeschyr, lying upon the West of England, is bordered upon the North by Berkshire, upon the East with Surrey and Sussex, upon the South with the British Seas, and I'll of Wight, and upon the West with Dorset and Wilt-shire.  

The length and breadth of Hampshire.  (2) The length thereof from Blackwater in the North upon Surrey, unto Bascomb in the South upon the Sea, extended in a right line, is fifty four English miles: and the breadth drawn from Petersfield in the East, unto Tidworth in the West, and confines of Wilt-shire, is little less than thirty miles, the whole circumference about an hundred fifty five miles.  

The air of Hampshire.  (3) The Air is temperate, though somewhat thick by reason of the Seas, and the many Rivers that thorough the Shire do fall, whose plenty of fish and fruitful increase, do manifoldly redeem the harms which they make.  

The soil.  (4) The Soil is rich for Corn and Cattle, pleasant for pasturage, and plenteous for Woods; in a word, in all commodities either for Sea or Land, blessed and happy.  

Havens.  (5) Havens it hath, and those commodious both to let in, and to lose out ships of great burden in trade of Merchandise, or other employments: whereof Portsmouth, Tichfield, Hamble, and South-hampton are chief: besides many other creeks that open their bosoms into those Seas, 
Creeks.  and the Coast strengthened with many strong Castles, 
Castles.  such as Hurst, Calshot, South-hampton, Saint Andrew's, Worth, Porchester, and the South Castle, besides other Bulwarks, or Blockhouses that secure the Country: And further in the Land, as Malwood, Winchester, and Odiam, so strong, that in the time of King john, thirteen Englishmen only defended the Fort for fifteen days against Lewis of France, that with a great Host assaulted it most hotly.  

Ninius in Catalogue. Civit.  (6) Anciently it was possessed upon the North by the Segontians, who yielded themselves to julius Caesar, and whose chief City was Vindonum, Caer Segonte, now Silcest●r; and upon the South by the Belgae, and Regni, who were subdued by Plantius and Vespasian the Romans, where Titus rescuing his father, straight besieged by the Britain's, as Dio and Forcatulus do report, was grasped about with an Adder, but no hurt to his person, and therefore taken for a sign of good luck. Their chief Town was Rincewood, 
Doomsdayes' book.  as yet sounding the name: and more within Land inhabited the Manures, 
Beda bist. lib. 4. cap. 13.  as Beda calls them, whose Hundreds also to this day give a relish of their names.  

New Forrest. Gualther Maps.  (7) Near Ringwood, and the place once YTENE, from God and people's service, to Beast and luxury, thirty-six Parish-Churches were converted and pulled down by the Conqueror, and thirty miles of circuit inforrested for his Game of Hunting, wherein his sons, Richard and Rufus, with Henry the second son to Duke Robert, his first, felt by hasty death the hand of justice and Revenge: for in the same Forest, Richard by a blasting of a pestilent air, Rufus by a shot taken for a Beast, and Henry as Absalon, hanged by a bough, came to their untimely ends. At so dear a rate the pleasures of dogs, and harbour for beasts were bought in the blood of these Princes.  
(8) The general commodities gotten in this Shire, are Woolles, Clothes and Iron, whereof great store is therein wrought from the Mines, and thence transported into all parts of this Realm, and their Clothes and Kerseys carried into many foreign Countries to that Counties, great benefit, and England's great praise.  
(9) The Trade thereof, with other provisions for the whole, are vented thorough eighteen Market-towns in this Shire, 
The City Winchester.  whereof Winchester, the Britain's Caer Gwent, the Romans Venta Belgarum, and the Saxons Windaneasder is chief, ancient enough by our British Historians, as built by King Rudhudibras, 
Lib. Notitiae.  nine hundred years before the Nativity of Christ: and famous in the Romans times for the weavings and embroideries therein wrought, to the peculiar uses of their Emperors own persons. In the Saxons times, after two Calamities of consuming fire, 
Zosimus.  her walls were raised, and the City made the Royal Seat of their Westsaxons Kings, and the Metropolitan of their Bishops See, wherein Egbert and Elfred their most famous monarchs were crowned: 
Wil Malms.  and Henry the third, the Normans longest raigner, first took breath: And here King Aethelstane erected six houses for his Mint: 
Henry Hunting.  but the Danish desolation overrunning all, this City felt their fury in the days of King Ethelbright, and in the Normans time, twice was defaced by the misfortune of fire, which they again repaired and graced with the trust of keeping the public Records of the Realm. In the civil Wars of Maud and Stephen, this City was sore sacked, but again receiving breath, 
The Staple.  was by King Edward the third appointed the place for Mart of Wool and Cloth. The Cathedral Church built by Kenwolf, King of the Westsaxons, that had been Amphibalus, Saint Peter, Swythins, and now holy Trinity, is the Sanctuary for the ashes of many English Kings: for herein great Egbert, Anno 836. with his son King Ethelwolfe, 
Kings buried in Winchester.  857. Here Elfred, Oxford's Founder, 901. with his Queen Elswith, 904. Here the first Edmund before the Conquest, 924. with his sons Elfred and Elsward: Here Edred, 955. and Edwy, 956. both Kings of England: Here Emm●, 1052. with her Danish Lord Canute, 1035. and his son Hardicanute, 1042. And here lastly the Normans, Richard and Rufus, 1100. were interred; their bones by Bishop Fox were gathered and shrined in little guilt coffers fixed upon a wall in the Choir, where still they remain carefully preserved.  
This City's situation is fruitful and pleasant, 
The situation of Winchester.  in a valley under hills, having her River on the East, and Castle on the West, the circuit of whose walls are well-neare two English miles, containing one thousand eight hundred and eighty paces; thorough which openeth six gates for entrance, and therein are seven Churches for divine service, besides the Minster, and those decayed: such as Callendos, Cruel Chapel, Saint Mary's Abbey, and the Friars, without in the Suburbs, and So●ke; in the East is Saint Peter, and in the North Hyde Church, and Monastery, whose ruins remaining, show the beauty that form●tly it bare. The Graduation of this City by the Mathematics, is placed for Latitude in the degree 51, 10 minutes, and for Longitude 19, 3 minutes.  
(10) More South, 
South-hampton.  is South-hampton, a Town populous, rich, and beautiful, from whom the whole Shire deriveth her name, most strongly walled about with square stone, containing in circuit, one thousand and two hundred paces, having seven Gates for entrance, and twenty-nine Towers for defence, two very stately Keys for Ships arrivage, and five fair Churches for God's Divine Service, besides an Hospital, called God's house, wherein the unfortunate Richard, Earl of Cambridge, beheaded for treason, lieth interred. On the West of this Town is mounted a most beautiful Castle, in form Circular, and wall within wall, the foundation upon a hill so topped, that it cannot be ascended but by stairs, carrying a goodly prospect both by Land and Sea, and in the East without the walls a goodly Church sometimes stood, called Saint mary's, which was pulled down, for that it gave the French direction of course, who with fire had greatly endangered the Town: In stead thereof, is now newly erected a small and unfinished Chapel. In this place (saith learned Cambden) stood the ancient Clausentium, 
Clausentium.  or Fort of the Romans, whose circuit on that side extended itself to the Sea▪ This suffered many depredations by the Saxon Pirates, and in Anno 980. was by the Danes almost quite overthrown. In King Edward the thirds time, it was fired by the French, under the conduct of the King of Sicils son, whom a countryman encountered and struck down with his Club. He crying Rancon, that is, Ransoms, but he neither understanding his language, nor the law that Arms doth allow, laid on more sound, saying, I know thee a Frankon, and therefore shalt thou die: And in Richard the seconds time it was somewhat removed, and built in the place where now it standeth. In this Clausentium, Canute to evict his flatterers, made trial of his Deity, commanding the Seas to keep back from his seat: but being not obeyed, he acknowledged God to be the only Supreme Governor, and in a religious devotion gave up his Crown to the Rood at Winchester. 
Silcester.  More ancient was Silcester, built by Constantius, great Constantine's son, whose monument (say they) was seen in that City, and where another Constantine put on the purple Robe against Honorius, as both Ninius and Gervase of Canterbury do witness. 
Ninius. Ger. Can●u.  Herein by our Historians record, the warlike Arthur was crowned. Whose greatness for circuit contained no less than fourscore acres of ground, and the walls of great height, yet standing two miles in compass about. This City by the Danish Rovers suffered such wrack, that her mounted tops were never since seen, and her Hulk (the walls) inmured to their middle in the earth, which the rubbish of her own desolations hath filled.  
(11) Chief Religious houses within this Country erected, 
The chief religious houses in this County.  and again suppressed were these, Christs-Church, Beaulieu, Wherwell, Rumsey, Redbridge, Winchester, Hyde, South-hampton and Tichfield. The honour of this Shire is dignified with the high Titles of Marquis, and them Earls of Winchester and South-hampton; whose Arms of Families are as thou seest, and her division into thirty seven Hundreds, and those again into two hundred fifty three Parishes, as in her Table shall appear.   map of Hampshire 
HANTSHIRE described and divided.  


Hundreds in Hantshire.  
1. Evinger.  
2. Kingscleere.  
3. Holshott.  
4. Odiham.  
5. Crundall.  
6. Alton.  
7. Barmanspit.  
8. Chutley.  
9 Basingstook.  
10. Overton.  
11. Pastrow.  
12. Andevor.  
13. Wherwell.  
14. Micheldever.  
15. Buntesborow.  
16. Sutton.  
17. Selborne.  
18. Eastermeane.  
19 Meanestoake, and Suberton.  
20 Fawley.  
21. Buddlesgate.  
22. Kingsunborne.  
23. Bartonstacy.  
24. Thornegate.  
25. Newforest.  
26. Fordingbridge.  
27. Ringwood.  
28. Christ-Church.  
29. Redbridge.  
30. Waltham.  
31. Mansbridge.  
32. Tichfield.  
33. Portsdown.  
34. Portsmouth. Liberty.  
35. Bosmere, and Hailing.  
36. Fartham.  
37. Finchdeane.   


A  
Abbot's worthy, Michael.  
Abbots Ann, Andovor.  
Abboteston, Buntes.  
Abshot, Tichf.  
Aldershot, Crund.  
Alungton, Mansb.  
Allow-house, Christ.  
Altesford old. Fawley.  
ALRESFORD, Su.  
ALTON, Alton.  
Alwardstoake, Tichf.  
Amberlam, Ester.  
Amner Farm, Hamble.  
Amport, Andevor.  
ANDEVOR, And.  
Anfeild, Mansb.  
S. Andrew's Castle, Man.  
Anport, And.  
Anne little, Where.  
Appleshaw, And.  
Arnewood, Christch.  
Ashe, Overt.  
Ashely, Christch.  
Ashly, Kingsun.  
Ashmansworth, Evi.  
Ashton, Walth.  
Aven, Christch.  
Avington, Fawley.    


B  
Baddesley, Mansb.  
Badsle South, New.  
Baghurst, Eving.  
Baldoxsee, Redbr.  
Barmeston, Redbr.  
Barkley Kings, New.  
Baropey, Basin.  
Barrend, Michael.  
Harton Peverell, Mans.  
Bartonstacy, Barton.  
BASINGSTOOK, Basin.  
Bascombe, Christch.  
Basin, Basin.  
Batrumsly, New.  
Beacon, Newf.  
Beacon, Walth.  
Beamond, Ports.  
Bear, Budles.  
Beareweeke, Budl.  
Bear Forest, Portesd.  
Bearehouse, Ports.  
Beawley, New.  
Beaworth, Fawley.  
Beckam, Fording.  
Bedhampton, Ports.  
Bedham, Kings.  
Bensteed, Alton.  
Bentley Crund.  
Bentworth, Odiham.  
Berseldon, Tichfeild.  
Beriton, Finch.  
Bighton, Sutton.  
Bisterne, Ringwood.  
Bittern, Walth.  
Bisterene Barkley, Redbr.  
Bishopstoake, Fawl.  
Black Cliff, Christ.  
Blackwater, Crund.  
Blendworth, Finch.  
Boldre, Newforest.  
Borocote, Mich.  
Borrow Clear, Eving.  
Bossington, Thorn.  
Botley, Mansb.  
Bowdeane, Ester.  
Boyate, Mansb.  
Bradley, Overt.  
Bradley, Barmans'.  
Bramdeane, Sutt.  
Bramere, Fording.  
Bramley, Basin.  
Bramsbury, Budles.  
Bramsell, Hold.  
Bramshot, Crund.  
Bramshot, Alton.  
Brickton, Fording.  
Britain Lee, Tichf.  
Brodlands, Redbr.  
Brokenhurst, New.  
Brooke, Kingsun.  
Broughton, thorn.  
Brown Candaver, Bunts.  
Broxton, Alton.  
Buckholt Forest, Thorn.  
Buckland, Ports.  
Bullington, Where.  
Bure, Christch.  
Burgate, Fording.  
Burghcleere, Eving.  
Burly, New.  
Buticourt, Alton.  
Burrant West, Ports.  
Burrant East, Ports.  
Burstlin, Walth.  
Burton, Christch.  
Burwell, Mean.  
Bushwaltham, Walth.  
Butter-hill, East.  
Butteren, Walth.  
Butesashe, New.  
Byndley, Eving.    


C  
Cadland, New.  
Calshot Castle, New.  
Cams, Tich.  
Caunterton, New.  
Caston, Fawley.  
Catcombe, Port.  
Cavehurst, Kings.  
Chalton, Finch.  
Charke, Tich.  
Charford North, Ford.  
Chaiford South, Ford.  
Charlcott, Eving.  
Charton, And.  
Castle South, Por●.  
Chawton, Alton.  
Cheryton, Fawley.  
Chewton, Christch.  
Chidden, Hamble.  
Chilboulton, Budles.  
Chilcombe, Fawley.  
Chillinge, Tich.  
Chilton Candaver, Bunts.  
Chilworth, Mans.  
Chineham, Basin.  
Choldwarton, And.  
Christchurch, Chr.  
Chure Forest, Ando.  
Clanfeild, And.  
Clanfeild, Finch.  
Clatford upper, Ando.  
High Clear, Eving.  
Cleerewoodcot, Kir.  
Clydseden, Basin.  
Cockerfeild, Alton.  
Coldre, Alton.  
Colderton, And.  
Colmer, Barton.  
Combe, Past.  
Combe, Easter.  
Compton, Budles.  
Compton, Kings.  
Copperhouse, Christ.  
Cornhampton, Mea.  
Cove, Crund.  
Cowderidge, Walth.  
Crokham, Crund.  
Cramborne, Michael.  
Crawley, Budles.  
S. Cross, Budles.  
Croston, Tishf.  
Crowdhill, Fawley.  
Croxeston, Past.  
Crundall, Crund.    


D  
Deane, Overt.  
Dean East, Thorn.  
dearly Loperwood, Red.  
Dibden, Redbr.  
Dimnead, Hamb.  
S. Dionies, Walth.  
Dipnall, Crund.  
Drogmersfeild, Odi.  
Drayton, Ports.  
Droxford, Walth.  
Dummer, Barm.  
Dunbury-hill, Ando.  
Durly, Walth.    


E  
Earlston, Kings.  
East Walban, Alton.  
Eastermeane, Ester.  
Eastly, Mans.  
Easton Farm, Ports.  
Easton, Past.  
Easton, Fawley.  
Edmonosthorp, Kin.  
Edsworth, Finch.  
Egbury, Eving.  
Eling, Redbr.  
Ellingham, Ford.  
Elvetham, Odiham.  
Empshott, Selbor.  
Empsworth, Bosmer.  
Enham, Ando.  
Ervells, Hambles.  
Etchinswell, Eving.  
Eversl●y, Hold.  
Ewshott, Crund.  
Exbury, New.  
Exton, Fawley.    


F  
Fackham, Past.  
FARHAM, Tich.  
Faringdon, Selborne.  
Farley, Kings.  
Farley, Barmans'.  
Farlington, Ports.  
Farnborrow, Crund.  
Farnhamsdean, Past.  
Fartham, Farth.  
Faston, Farm.  
Faston, Past.  
Faushot, Crund.  
Fawly, New.  
Ferlington, Ports.  
Fernboro, Odib.  
Fontley great, Tichf.  
Fontley little, Tichf.  
Fordingbridge, Ford.  
Forton, Where.  
Foxcott, Andover.  
Fremanton, Kings.  
Fritham, New.  
Frobury, Kings.  
Froxfeild, Ester.  
Froyle, Alton.  
Frysalke, Eving.  
Fryvoke, Eving.  
Fulflude, Budles.  
Fullerton, Kings.  
Fyfeild, Andover.  
Funtley great, Tichf.  
Funtley little, Tichf.    


G  
Gallare, Where.  
Gynus, New.  
Gittins, New.  
Gildable, Kings.  
Glidden, Hamble.  
Godshall, New.  
Goodworth Clatford, Where.  
Godsfeild, Buntes.  
Gosporte, Tichf.  
Grange, Bu●tes.  
Gratly, Andover.  
Gertham, Alton.  
Gruel, Odi.  
Groveplace, Redbr.    


H  
Hale, Fording.  
Hale, New.  
Haliborne, Alton.  
Hambles Have, Man.  
Hambledon, Hamble.  
Hamblerise, Mans.  
Hame, Barton.  
Haninton, Chu●.  
Hanington Laurence, Kings.  
Hardu●dge. Ringw.  
Hardley, New.  
Harneden, Finch.  
Hartley Wespell, Hold.  
Hartley Mawdit, Alton.  
Hasell, Basin.  
Hatherden, Andov.  
Havant, Bosm.  
Haughton North, Kings.  
Hawley, S●lborne.  
Hawley, Crund.  
Hailing, Bosm.  
Headley, Sutt.  
Headborn worthy, Bart.  
Heath, Christch.  
Heathouse, Finch.  
Heckfeild, Hold.  
Helliouse, Chut.  
Hengesbury head, Chris  
Henly, Eving.  
Henton Dawbney, Finch.  
Henton Amner, Fawl.  
Heriott, Barman.  
Herford bridge, Odi.  
Hertley-row▪ Odi.  
Hertley, Alton.  
Hertley, Odi.  
Highcleere.  
Hill▪ Walth.  
Hilside, O●i.  
Hinton, Christch.  
Hithe, New.  
Hoddington▪ Fawley.  
Ho, Mean  
Holbury, New.  
Holdshot, Hold.  
Holiborn, Alton.  
Holmhurst, Christc.  
Hooke, Tich.  
Hordwell, Christch.  
Horbridge, Ford.  
Howghton, Bud.  
Hound, Mans.  
Hunton, Bud.  
Hurton, Christch.  
Hurne, Christch.  
Hursboorne, Past.  
Hursboorne, Eving  
Hursley, Bud.  
Hurst East, Kingsun.  
Hurst West, Kings.    


I  
Ibbesley, Ford.  
Ifford, Christch.  
Ilfeild, Barm.  
Inhurst, Bart.  
Instead East, Sel.  
Instead West, Sut.  
Itchell, Crund.  
Itching, Walth.  
Itchin' Stoake, Bunt.  
Itchin' Abbots, Bunt.    


K  
Katrington, Finch.  
Kempshot, Basin.  
Keppernham, Kings.  
Keyhaven, Christch.  
Kimpstone, Fa●ley.  
KINGS CLEEVE, Kings.  
Kingly, Alton.  
Kingston, Ports.  
Kingston, Ringw.  
Kingsunborne, Kings.  
Kingswo●thy, Bart.  
Kirbridge, Walth.  
Kympton, Ando.    


L  
Ladnam, thorn.  
Langly, New.  
Langly, Red.  
Langrish, Est.  
Lassam, Odi.  
Laverstooke, Overt.  
Lawnsle●●ll, Kings.  
Leap, New.  
Leckford, Kings.  
Lebritan, Tich.  
Lee Earls, Kings.  
Lichfeild, Kings.  
Linchford, Crund.  
Lindhurst Park, New.  
Lippocke, Alton.  
Littleton, Bud.  
Littleton, Ando.  
Lockerley, Thorn.  
Lovington, Fawley.  
Long-parish, Where.  
Long Sutton, Crund.  
Longstocke, King.  
Lungford, Fawley.  
LYMINGTON, Christ.  
Lyghe, Port.  
Lindhurst, New.  
Lynwood, New.  
Lysse, Odiham.    


M  
Magdaline, Faw.  
Malchanger, Chut.  
Malwood Castle, New.  
Mappledorwell, Bas.  
Mapledurham, Finch.  
Marchwood, Red.  
Lee Marks, Tich.  
Martin worthy, Fawley.  
S. mary's, Walth.  
S. Ma●y boorne, Evi.  
Mattingley, Hold.  
Maxston, Ando.  
Maxwell, Fawley.  
Mean East, Mean.  
Mean West, Faw.  
Meanestoake, Mean.  
Medsted, Fawley.  
Memsted, New.  
Micheldevor, Mich.  
Michelmersh, Budl.  
Migiam, Ford.  
Midleton, Where.  
Milbrooke, Budles.  
Milbrooke Hill, Walth.  
Milcourt, Alton.  
Milford, Christch.  
Milton, Christ.  
Minsted, Newf.  
Morecot, Red.  
Moresteed, Fawley.  
Moral, Odi.  
Mortymer, Hold.  
Motteffont, Thorn.  
Moils Court, Ringw.  
Munkeston, Ando.  
Mycheldever, Mich.  
Mynley, Hold.    


N  
Nashe, Christch.  
Nastwood, Past.  
Natley Severs, Bas.  
Natley upper, Bas.  
Newton Valence, Selbor.  
Newton Bery, Redb.  
Netham, Alton.  
Netley, Mans.  
Newnam, Basin.  
Newton, Eving.  
Newton, Selb.  
Newtonstacie, Bart.  
Ninkenholt, Past.  
Northbrooke, Mich.  
Northington, Mich.  
Northwood, Bosmer.  
Norton, Selbor.  
Nursling, Bud.  
Nursting, Red.  
Nurstead, Finch.  
Nutley, Barmans'.    


O  
Obery, Kings.  
ODIHAM, Odi.  
Okehanger, Alton.  
Okeley, Kings.  
Okeley North, Chut.  
Okeley church, Chu.  
Okeley-hall, Chut.  
Oldaltesford, Bunt.  
Oldstoake, Budle.  
Oosham, Ports.  
Otterborne, Budle.  
Overton, Overt.  
Ovington, Fawley.  
Ower, Redbridge.  
Owselbury, Faw.  
Oxenborne, Ester.  
Oxenborne, Mean.    


P  
Patow Beacons, Mic.  
Paltons', Redbr.  
Pamber, Hold.  
Pamber, Barton.  
Parkhouse, New.  
Parlicu, Christch.  
Parsonage, Kings.  
Park, New.  
Peck, Mean.  
Pennyngton, Ring.  
Penton Grafton, And.  
Penton Mewson, And.  
Persint, Kingston.  
PETER'S FIELD, Finc.  
Pettleworth, Thorn.  
Pilley, New.  
Pitt, Budle.  
Platford, Ando.  
Polhampton, Overt.  
Polsgrave, Ports.  
Popham, Michael.  
Porchester, Ports.  
PORTSMOUTH, Ports.  
Portsey, Ports.  
Posbrooke, Tich.  
Preshoe, Mean.  
Preston Candaver, Barm.  
Preston, Christch.  
Preve park, Basin.  
Prevet, Fawley.  
Priorsdeane, Barton.    


Q  
Qualey, Ando.  
Quidhampton, Over.    


R  
Rames Head, Tich.  
Ramesdeane, Ester.  
Raydon, New.  
Redbridge, Redbr.  
Redman, Ando.  
RINGWOOD, Ri.  
Riplington, Ester.  
Rockeborne, Fordin.  
Rochcourt, Tich.  
Ropley, Sut.  
Rotherweek, Odih.  
Rowner, Tich.  
Rumburge, Redbr.  
RUMSEY, King.  
RUMSEY, Redb.  
Rye, Odiham.    


S  
Sandford, Kings.  
Sasbury, Tich.  
Saveston, Ando.  
Scotney, Barton.  
Selborne, New.  
Selborne, Selbor.  
Setchfield, Fording.  
Shalden, Odiham.  
Shamblehurst, Mans.  
Sharprickes, Christc.  
Shatsham, Mans.  
Sheet, Finch.  
Shelborne, Selb.  
Shephove, Crund.  
West Sherborne, Chut.  
Sherborne S. john's, Basin.  
Sherfield, Odiham.  
Sherfield, thorn.  
Shipton, thorn.  
Shiadfield, Walth.  
Sidmanton, Kings.  
Sidford, Mans.  
Silchester, Hold.  
Sinckles, Walth.  
Skewers, Basin.  
Slackstead, Michael.  
Snodington, thorn.  
Soak, Fawley.  
Soak Winton, Buntes.  
Somborne, Somb.  
Somborne, Somb.  
Somerford, Christch.  
Soplv, Christch.  
SOUTHAMPTON, Wa.  
Southam, Fording.  
Southbrooke, Tich.  
Southbrooke, Mich.  
SOUTHCAST, Po.  
Southroppe, Odiham.  
Southweeke, Portes.  
Southwood, Bosmer.  
Sparkford, Budles.  
Sparshote, Budles.  
Stanbridge, Kings.  
Stannog, Tich.  
Stanswood, New.  
Stapley, Odiham.  
Steep, Ester.  
Stephenton, Basin.  
Stoake, Eving.  
Stobridgton, Tich.  
STOCK-BRIDGE, King.  
Stone, R●dbr.  
Stoneham North, Mans.  
Stoneham South, Mans.  
Stratton East, Mich.  
Stratton West, Mich.  
Stratfieldsey, Hold.  
Street, Christch.  
Stunnog, Tich.  
Suberton, Mean.  
Sunburne little, Kings.  
Sunburne upper, Kings.  
Sutton, Sut.  
Sutton, Crund.  
Sutton, Barton.  
Swampton, Eving.  
Swanthrope, Crund.  
Swanmore, Walth.  
Swanwick, Tich.  
Swarwotton. Bunt.  
Sway, Christch.    


T  
Tachbury, Redbr.  
Tadley, Over●.  
Taddiford, Christch  
Tangley, Past.  
Temple, Selborn.  
Terstwood, Redbr.  
Tertio Deane, Faw.  
Thorney.  
Thruxston, Ando.  
Tichborne, Fawl.  
Tichfield house, Tich.  
Tichfeild, Tich.  
Tisted East, Selb.  
Tisted West, Sutt.  
Tockington, Where.  
Toothill, Mans.  
Totton, Redbr.  
Truxton without, Ando.  
Tuddiford, Christ●.  
Turnworth, Basin.  
Turges, Hold.  
Tuston, Hor.  
Twyford, Fawley.  
Tydworth, Ando.  
Tymsbury, Kings.  
Tytherley West, Thorn.  
Tytherley East, Thorn.    


V  
The Vine, Basin.  
Upham, Walth.  
Upton grey, Barm.  
Upton, Past.  
Votherfeild, Alton.    


W  
Wablington, Bosmer.  
Wade, Bosmer.  
Walhampton, Christ.  
Wallington, Ports.  
Wallop upper, Thorn.  
Wallop nether, Thorn.  
Wallop middle, Thorn.  
Walsworth▪ Ports.  
Walton North, Overt.  
Warborne, New.  
Warde, R●dbr.  
Warmansashe, Tich.  
Warnborrow's North, Odi.  
Warnborrow's South, Bart.  
Warnford, Mean.  
Week, Eving.  
Week, Budles.  
Wield, Fawley.  
W●●hill, Ando.  
Wellow West, Thorn.  
Wemerling, Port.  
Westbery, Mean.  
Westcoat, Alton.  
Weston Patrick's, Odi.  
Weston, Barm.  
Weston Carbets, Barm.  
Weston, Finch.  
Weston, Michael.  
Westover, Christch.  
Wherwell, Where.  
WHIT-CHURCH, Evin.  
Whitsbury, Ford.  
Wickham, Tich.  
Widleigh, Ports.  
Wigley, thorn.  
Wimston, Redbr.  
Winchfeild, Odiham.  
Winckton, Christch.  
Winhall, Fawley.  
Wintney, Odiham.  
Winton, Christch.  
Winton, Ring.  
WINCHESTER.  
Winstade, Basin.  
Wisherborne, Chut.  
Witham, Andover.  
Wolles, King.  
Wonston, Budles.  
Woodcott, Past.  
Woodgaston, Basin.  
Woodhaye East, Eving.  
Woodmancor, Bunt.  
Woolferton, King.  
Woolston, Mans.  
Wortham East, Alton.  
Wartham West, Alton.  
Worth Castle, Tich.  
Worting, Chut.  
Wotton, Chut.  
Wymering, Ports.  
Wyke, Basin.    


Y  
Yabington, Fawley.  
Yatley, Crund.  
Yatton East, Where.  
Yatton West, Where.      

THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WIGHT ISLAND.  

The ancient Name.  WIGHT Island was in times past named by the Romans Vecta, Vectis, and Vectesis, by the Britain's, Guyth, by the English Saxons, Wuit-lanð, and Wicþ-AEa, (for an Island they termed AEa) and in these days usually called by us, The Isle of Wight. 
Ninius.  It belongeth to the County of Southampton, and lieth out in length over against the midst of it southward. It is encompassed round with the British Seas, and severed from the Maine-land, that it may seem to have been conjoined to it, 
The occasion of naming it Guyth.  and thereof it is thought the British name (Guyth) hath been given unto it, which betokeneth separation, even as Sicily being broken off and cut from Italy, got the name from Secando (which signifieth cutting.)  
(2) The form of this Isle is long, and in the midst far more wide then at either end: from Binbridge I'll in the East, to Hurst Castle in the West, it stretcheth out in length 20. miles, 
The length.  and in breadth from Newport Haven Northward, to Chale-bay Southward twelve miles. 
Breadth.  The whole in circumference is about sixty miles.  

Air.  (3) The air is commended both for health and delight, whereof the first is witnessed by the long continuance of the Inhabitants in the state of their bodies before they be decayed, and the other for quantity gives place to no neighbouring Country.  

The Soil.  (4) The ground (to say nothing of the Sea, which is exceeding full of Fish) consisteth of soil very fruitful; yet the husbandman's labour deserves to be thankfully remembered, by whose pains and industry it doth not only supply itself, but affords Corn to be carried forth to others. The land is plenteously stored with Cattle and Graine, 
The delectableness of it.  and breeds every where store of Coneys, Hares, Partridges and Pheasants, pleasant for meadow, pasturage, and Parks; so that nothing is wanting that may suffice man. The midst yields plenty of pasture; and forage for Sheep; whose wool the Clothiers esteem the best; next unto that of Leinster and Cotteswold: If you cast your eyes towards the North, it is all over garnished with Meadows, Pastures and Woods: If towards the South side, it lieth (in a manner) wholly bedecked with Corne-fields enclosed, where at each end the Sea doth so encroach itself, that it maketh almost two Lands besides, namely, Freshwater Isle, which looketh to the West, and Binbridge Isle answering it to the East.  

The commodities.  (5) The Commodities of the whole chiefly consist of Cattle, Sea-fowle, Fish, and Corn, whereof it hath sufficient: Woods are not here very plentiful; for that it is only stored with one little forest; yet the Country of Hantshire for vicinity of Site, is a friendly neighbour in that behalf; so (as it were being tied together in affinity) they are always ready, and propense to add to each others wants and defects by a mutual supply.  

Ancient Inhabitants.  (6) The ancient Inhabitants of this Island were the Belgae, spoken of in the several Provinces of Sommersetshire, Wilt-shire, and Hantshire. Such as did then possess it were called Lords of the I'll of Wight, till it fell into the King's hands, by Roger (Son to William Fitz-Osburne, slain in the war of Flanders) that was driven into exile. And Henry the first King of England gave it unto Richard Ridvers, 
Richard Ridvers.  with the fee or Inheritance of the Town of Christ-Church, where (as in all other places) he built certain Fortresses.  
(7) The principal Market-town in the Isle is Newport, called in times past Medena, and Novus Burgus de Meden; 
Newport the chief town.  that is, the new Burgh of Meden, whereof the whole Country is divided into East- Meden, and West- Meden. A Town well seated, and much frequented; unto whose Burgesses His Majesty hath lately granted the choice of a Major, who with his Brethren, do govern accordingly. It is populous with Inhabitants, having an entrance into the Isle from the Haven, and a passage for Vessels of small burden unto the Key. Not far from it is the Castle Caresbrooke, whose Founder is said to have been Whitgar the Saxon, and from him called White-Garesburgh: but now made shorter for easier pronunciation; the graduation whereof for Latitude is in the degree 50.36. minutes: and her Longitude in 19.4. minutes, where formerly hath stood a Priory, and at Quarre a Nunnery; a necessary neighbour to those Penitentiaries. And yet in their merry mood the Inhabitants of this Island do boast, that they were happier than their neighbour-countries, for that they never had Monk that ever wore hood, Lawyers that cavilled, nor Foxes that were crafty.  
(8) It is reported, that in the year of man's salvation, 
A shower of blood.  1176. and twenty three of King Henry the second, that in this Island it reigned a shower of blood, which continued for the space of two hours together to the great wonder and amazement of the people that beheld it with fear.  
(9) This Isle of Wight is fortified both by Art and Nature: 
The strength of this Island.  for besides the strength of Artificial Forts and Blockhouses (wherewith it is well furnished) it wants not the assistance of natural Fences, as being enriched with a continual ridge and range of craggy Cliffs, and Rocks, and Banks, very dangerous for Sailors, as the Needles, so called by reason of their sharpness: The Shingles, Mixon, Brambles, etc.  
(10) Vespasian was the first that brought it to the subjection of the Romans, 
The Roman Governors.  whiles he served as a private person under Claudius Caesar. And Cerdic was the first English Saxon that subdued it, who granting it unto Stuffe and Whitgar, they jointly together slew (almost) all the British Inhabitants, (being but few of them there remaining) in the Town aforesaid, called of his name Whitgaresburgh. Wolpher King of the Mercians reduced this Island afterwards under his obedience, 
The Mercian King.  and at that time when he became Godfather to Edelwalch King of the South-Saxons, and answered for him at his Baptism; he assigned it over unto him, with the Province also of the Menuari. But when Edelwalch was slain, and Arvandus the petty King of the Island was made away, Coedwalla King of the Westsaxons annexed it to his Dominion, and in a tragical and lamentable massacre put to the sword (almost) every mother's child of the inborn Inhabitants.  
The thing that is best worthy note and observation is this, 
Wilfrid.  that Bishop Wilfrid was the first that instructed the Inhabitants of this Island in Christian religion, and brought them from that Idolatrous Superstition, with the which (unto that time) they were obscurely blinded.  
For Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, this Country belongeth to the Bishop of Winchester, 
Bishop of Winchester their Diocesan.  and for Civil government to the County of Southampton. It is fortified with the strength of six Castles, traded with three Market-towns, and hath 36. Parish churches planted in it.   map of the Isle of Wight 
WIGHT ISLAND  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Wight Island.  

THE PARTITION of WIGHT Island.  

West-medine.  
East-Medine.   


A  
Ageston, E. Med.  
Apleford, E. Med.  
Apton-comb, E. Med.  
Ash, E. Med.  
Aston, W. Med.  
Atherfeld, W. Med.  
Atherfeld Rocks, W. Med.  
Atherton, E. Med.  
Averston, E. Med.  
Avinton Forrest, W. Med.    


B  
Bannose, E. Medine.  
Barton, E. Med.  
Bery-Baron, W. Med.  
Binbridge Isle, E. Med.  
Binsted, E. Med.  
Black, W. Med.  
Black-Rock, E. Med.  
Bonechurch, E. Med.  
Bradney, E. Med.  
Bredlefford, E. Med.  
Brixton, W. Med.  
Brock, W. Med.  
Bridge-Court, E. Med.  
Buleham, W. Med.  
Bulner, W. Med.    


C  
Calhourne, W. Med.  
Caresbroke, W. Med.  
Chak-Rockes, W. Med.  
Chalt, E. Med.  
Chale-bay, W. Med.  
Challorne, E. Med.  
Cheverton, W. Med.  
Cleybrok, W. Med.  
cliff, E. Med.  
Cliffewhit, E. Med.  
Comely, E. Med.  
Compton Bay, W. Med.  
Compton, W. Med.  
Coulver-cliffes, E. Med.    


D  
Dane, E. Med.  
Done-mosse, E. Med.    


E  
Elmesworth, W. Med.    


F  
The Farm, or King's Freshwater, W. Med.  
Fayrlee, E. Med.  
Fish-house, E. Med.  
Flesh-land, E. Med.  
Freshwater Isle, W. Med.  
Freshwater gate, W. Med.  
Freshwater cliff, W. Med.  
Forgeland, W. Med.  
East Forland, E. Med.    


G  
Garnard, W. Med.  
Gatcomb, W. Med.  
Godshill, E. Med.  
The Gosse, W. Med.  
Gotten, E. Med.    


H  
Hall, E. Med.  
Hamsteds', W. Med.  
Hany-mouth, W. Med.  
S. Helen, E. Med.  
S. Helen's haven, E. Med.  
Hill, E. Med.    


I  
jacmans chin, W. Med.    


K  
S. Katherine's, E. Med.  
Kerne, E. Med.  
Kinget, W. Med.  
Kinchet chine, W. Med.  
Kinghton, E. Med.  
Kingsword, W. Med.    


L  
Langford, E. Med.  
Langhorne, E. Med.  
S. Lawrance Parke, E. Med.  
Limerston, W. Med.  
Luckome, E. Med.    


M  
marvel, W. Med.  
Medhole, E. Med.  
Mersh, W. Med.  
Merston, E. Med.  
Mitton, E. Med.  
Mountson, W. Med.  
The Myxon, E. Med.    


N  
The Needles, W. Med.  
Nettleston, E. Med.  
Nettles hithe, E. Med.  
Neunam, E. Med.  
Newtowne, W. Med.  
Newtowne haven, W. Med.  
NEWPORT, W. Med.  
Newport haven, W. Med.  
Newport Castle, W. Med.  
Newchurch, E. Med.  
Nighton, E. Med.  
Norris, E. Med.  
North Court, E. Med.  
Northparke, E. Med.  
Northwood, E. Med.  
Nounwell, E. Med.    


P  
Pan, E. Med.  
Pagan, E. Med.  
Pouppoll, E. Med.    


Q  
Quartfield, E. Med.    


R  
Redway, E. Med.  
Ride, E. Med.  
Rockley, E. Med.  
Roughbarrow, W. Med.  
Roxall, E. Med.    


S  
Sande head, E. Med.  
SANDON Castle, E. M.  
Sandon bay, E. Med.  
Shankling, E. Med.  
Shankling, E. Med.  
Sharpnor Castle, W. Med.  
Shaucome, W. Med.  
Shaufleete, W. Med.  
Shauler, E. Med.  
Shoflet, E. Med.  
Shorwell, W. Med.  
Slutter, E. Med.  
Smalbrok, E. Med.  
Standen, E. Med.  
Steynburro, E. Med.  
Sutton, W. Med.  
Swynston, W. Med.    


T  
Thorley, W. Med.  
Thorney great, W. Med.  
Thorney bay, W. Med.  
Trablefeld, E. Med.    


W  
Wachingwy park, W. Med.  
Waitcourt, W. Med.  
Warden Rocks, W. Med.  
Week, E. Med.  
Wellow, W. Med.  
Westcourt, W. Med.  
Westcow Castle, W. Med.  
Westover, W. Med.  
Whipingham, E. Med.  
Whitfeild, E. Med.  
Whitwell, E. Med.  
Wolverton, W. Med.  
Woodhouse, E. Med.  
Worseleys Tower, W. Med.  
Wotton haven, E. Med.  
Wotton park, E. Med.    


Y  
YARMOUTH, W. Med.  
Yarmouth haven, W. Med.  
Yarmouth Castle, W. Med.  
Yarmouth Rode, W. Med.  
Yaverland, E. Med.       

DORCESTER from her ancient people DUROTRIGES, is most likely to have received that name: 
The ancient name of this Shire.  by the Britaines called DWRGWEIR, and by the Saxons Dorseddar, lieth bounded upon the North side with Somerset and Wilt-Wiltshires; 
The bounds of limits.  upon the West with Devon-shire, and some part with Somerset; upon the East altogether with Hampshire; and her South part is wholly bounded with the British Seas.  

The form and measure of it.  (2) The form grows wider from the West, and spreads herself the broadest in the midst, where it extends to twenty four miles, but in length is no less than forty four: the whole in circumference about, is one hundred and fifty miles.  

The Air.  (3) The air is good, and of an healthful constitution: the soil is fat, affording many commodities, and the Country most pleasant in her situation: for the Inland is watered with many sweet & fresh running springs, which taking passage thorough the plain valleys, do lastly in a loving manner unite themselves together, and of their many branches make many big bodied streams: neither doth the Sea deny them entrance, but helpeth rather to fill up their Banks, whereby Vessels of burden discharge their rich Treasures, and herself with open hand distributeth her gifts all along the South of this Shore.  

The ancient inhabitants.  (4) Anciently it was possessed by the Durotriges, whom Ptolemie placeth along in this Tract, who being subdued by the Romans, yielded them room, and unwilling subjection. After them the Saxons set foot in these parts, whereof Portland seemeth from that Port to take name, who in this place arrived in Anno 703. and did sorely infest and annoy all the South Tract. And at Bindon before him Kinegillus King of the Westsaxons, in the year of Christ 614. in a doubtful and dangerous Battle vanquished the Britain's. Neither were the Saxons so surely herein seated, but that the Danes sought to defeat them thereof: for twice these bold Rovers landed at Chartmouth, the first was in Anno 831. and Reign of King Egbert, and the other eight years after, when Ethelwulfe was King: in both which they went away Victors. Yet when the Iron-side wore the English Diadem, 
An. D. 1016. At Penham King Canute overthrown.  and these fierce people sought to pluck it from his Helmet, he met them at Penham in Gillingham Forest, and with a small power obtained a great victory, causing their King Canute with discourage to retire.  

The Commodities.  (5) Commodities arising in this County are chiefly Wools and Woods in her North, where the Forests are stored with the one, and the pleasant green Hills with the other. The inner part is overspread both with Corn and Grass, and the Sea yieldeth the Isidis Plocamos, 
P●i●ie.  a Shrub growing not unlike the Coral without any leaf; besides her other gifts, turning all to great gain: which the more is made manifest by the many Market-towns in this Shire, whereof Dorcester is the chief, 
Dorchester the chief City.  in Antonius his Itinerarium termed Durnovaria, situated upon the South side of from, 
Fosse-way.  and the Roman Causey called Fosse-way, wherein some of their Legions kept, as by the Rampires and Coins there daily digged up is probably conjectured; at which time it seemeth the City was walled, whereof some part yet standeth, especially upon the West and South sides, and the Tract and Trench most apparent in a Quadrant-wise almost meeteth the River, containing in circuit one thousand and seven hundred pases, but were cast down by the Danes, whose trampling feet destroyed all things wheresoever they came, and hands here razed the Trenches Maudbury and Poundbury, 
Maudbury and Poundbury.  the seals of their Siege, and signs of times misery. About three hundred pases Southward from hence, standeth an old Fortification of earth, trenched about, and mounted above the ordinary plain, thirty pases, containing some 5. acres of ground, wherein (at my there being) plenty of Corn grew. This the Inhabitants call The Maiden Castle, 
Maiden Castle.  having entrance thereunto only upon the East and West. This is thought to have been a Snmmer-Campe or Station of the Romans, when their Garrisons kept the Frontiers of this Province.  
The government of this City is yearly committed to two Bailiffs, 
The Magistracy of the City of Dorchester.  elected out of eight Magistrates or Aldermen, a Recorder, Town-clerk, and two Sergeants attending them: 
The graduation of it.  whence the North-pole is elevated 50. degrees 48. minutes in Latitude, and for Longitude is removed from the first West point unto the Meridian of 18. degrees.  
(6) Other places also are memorable through the actions therein happening, 
Other places memorable.  or Antiquities there yet remaining: such as Badbury, 
Badbury.  now nothing but a Trench and decayed Castle, hardly seen, though sometimes it was the Court of the Westsaxons King. Such also is Cerne, 
Cerne.  where Augustine the English Apostle broke down the Altars and Idols of the Saxons God HELL, whom they devoutly honoured as the only conserver of their health. Shaftesburie also, 
Shafie●bury.  wherein one Aquila (whether a Man or Eagle I know not) by our Historians report, is said to have prophesied the future times of this our Empire, and that after the Reigns of the Saxons and Normans it should again return unto the government of the British Kings. But with such vain predictions our Nation is more them once taxed by Philip Comineus the famous French Writer. In this City Edward the son of great Edgar, and one and thirtieth Monarch of the Englishmen, was interred, being murdered at Corfe, 
Corfe.  a Castle seated in the I'll of Purbeck, by his Stepmother AElfrith, to make way for her son to enjoy his Crown: in repentance whereof, and to pacify Heaven for his blood, she built the Monasteries of Ambresbury and Whorwell, in the County of Wilt-shire and South-Hampton. In the former of which with great penitency she spent the rest of her life.  
(7) As upon the like occasion the Monastery of Middleton was laid in this Shire by King Ethelstan to appease the Ghost of Edwine his innocent brother, 
Middleton.  and to expiate the sin of his own soul for the blood of that just Prince, whom most unjustly he caused to die: and with the like devotion, though not to satisfy for the like bloody sins, did Queen Cuthburga sue a Divorce from her second husband the Northumberlands King, 
Winburn.  and at Winburne built her a Nunnery, whereof herself became Abbess, where afterward was raised a most stately Minster, which added not only more glory to the place, but withal enlarged the name, and made it to be called Winburn-minster, where King Ethelred, a most virtuous Prince, after much disquietness had with the Danes, in peace here resteth, with his Tomb and Inscription, as in his History (Christ assisting) shall be further seen. Neither among these may I omit Sherburne, 
Sherburn.  which in the year of Grace 704. was made a Bishops See, in whose Cathedral Church, were interred the bodies of Ethelbald and Ethelbert brethren, 
An. D. 860. An. D. 866.  both of them Monarches of the Englishmen.  
(8) Seven more besides these were set apart from worldly employments, 
Religious houses.  consecrated only to God and his service in this Shire; which were Camerstern, Cranborn, Abbottesbury, Bindon, Sturmister, Tarrant, and Warham. These with the others came to their full period under the hand of King Henry the Eight, which lay with such weight upon their fair buildings, that he crushed the juice thereof into his own Coffers.  
(9) Castles for defence in repair and decayed, 
Castles in this Shire.  were at Sherburne, Dorchester, Branksey, Portland, Corfe, Newton, Woodford, and Wareham. So that with these and others the County hath been strengthened, with twelve religious Houses their poor relieved, with eighteen Market Towns at this day is traded, 
Market towns.  and principally into five divisions parted, subdivided into thirty four Hundreds, and them again into two hundred forty eight Parishes, as in the Map and Table adjoining is to be seen.   map of Dorsetshire 
DORSETSHYRE With the Shyre-towne Dorchester described, as also the Arms of such noble families as have been honoured with the Titles there of since the Normans Conquest to this present Anno i6i0.  

Dorsetshire divisions and Hundreds.  

Sherborns division.  
Sherborn.  
Redlane.  
Newton.  
Brownsell.  
Yeatminster.  
Totcombe and Modborow.  
Buckland.  
Whitway hund. and liberties.   

Bri●port division.  
Bridport.  
Whitechurch.  
Beamister.  
Redhoave.  
Eggarton.  
Godhertorne.   

Shi●ton division.  
Badbury.  
Cogdeane.  
Hanly.  
Cramborne.  
Lowsbarrow.  
Knowlton.  
Vpwimborne.   

Der●hester division.  
George.  
Tellerford.  
Puddleton hund. & liberties.  
Colliford.  
Vgicombe.   

Bla●dford division.  
Pimperne.  
Rushmore.  
Barrow.  
Coombeditch.  
Beer.  
Winfrith▪  
Rowbarrow.  
Hasler.   


A  
Abbot's Estoke, Bea●.  
Abbotte be Tithing, Sher.  
Abbotsbury, Vgs.  
Adam's chapel, Row.  
A●●lington, Row.  
Alderholt, Cramb.  
All●●ster, Vpwim.  
Allhollam, cram.  
Allington, Goder.  
Allweston, s●er.  
Alton pancras, Whit.  
Saint Andros Glisset, Cramb.  
Anderson, Coomb.  
Aren point, Has.  
Aren, Has.  
Armitage, Vgs.  
Ashe, Beam.  
Ashe, Pim.  
Ashmore, Cramb.  
Askerwell, Eggar.  
Athelhamston, P●●.  
Athpuddel, bar.    


B  
Bagber, Cramb.  
Bagbore, Bro.  
Barnesley, Bad.  
Barnstone, Hasler.  
Batcombe, yet.  
Baunton, Goder.  
BEAMISTER, Beam.  
Bear Hagard, Shir.  
Bedcister, Newt.  
BEERKINGS, Beer.  
Belchalwell, Beer.  
Bereston, Knowle.  
Ber●ord, Bad.  
Bettescombe, Goder.  
Bexington, Rush.  
Bindon, Rush.  
Bingehams' Melcombe, Whit.  
Blachemwell, Hasler.  
Blagden park, Cramb.  
Blakmore, Sher.  
Blanford S. Marry, Comb.  
BLANFORD, Pimp.  
Bloxworth, Coomb.  
Bochampton, Georg.  
Bowridge, Vpwim.  
Bradford, Sher.  
Bradford, Georg.  
Bradley, Hasler.  
Bradpoole, Red.  
Branksey Island, Cogd.  
Branksey Castle, Cogd.  
Breadell, Has.  
Brianston, Pimp.  
Briddy little, Vgs.  
The five Bridges, Red.  
BRIDPORT, Brid.  
Bringspuddell, Bar.  
Broadmaine, georg.  
Brockhampton, Buck.  
Brodewinsor, Brid.  
Brodway, Cul.  
Brokinton, Knowl.  
Buckland, Buck.  
Buckland, Cul.  
Buckorne weston, Red.  
Bugley, Red.  
Burgh, goder.  
Bursey Island, cogged.  
Burstock, Whit.  
Burston, pud.  
Burton, goder.  
Burton, Vpwim.  
Burton long, sher.  
Byncombe, goder.    


C  
Caldon, Rush.  
Came, Pud.  
Can, Vpwim.  
Canford lawns, cogged.  
Caundell wake, Brown.  
Caundell sturton, Brown.  
Caundell marshes, sher.  
Caundell purse, sher.  
Caundell bishop, sher.  
Ca●leton, pimp.  
Castle town, sher.  
Catstocke, Tot. and Mod.  
Cauford little, Bad.  
Caynston, pimp.  
Ceaford, Bad.  
Up Cearne, Sher.  
Nether Cearne, Tot. and Mod.  
ABBAS CEARNE, Tot. & Mod.  
Chabury, bad.  
Chaldon, Winf.  
Chantmerls, Toller.  
Charborrow, cogged.  
Chardstocke, beam.  
Charlton marshal, cogged.  
Charmouth, Whit.  
Charmister, georg.  
Chedington, beam.  
Chelborrow's east, Tol.  
Chelborrow's west, Tol.  
Cheselton Poril Island.  
Chesselborne, Whit.  
Chetnoll, yet.  
Chettell, Vpwim.  
Chetwell, yet.  
Chickerell east, Vg.  
Chickerell west, Cul.  
Chidyocke, Whit.  
Chilcombe, Vgs.  
Child Okeford, re●.  
Child from, Tol.  
Clenston, comb.  
cliff, Pud.  
Clyston, sher.  
Combekeins, Wins.  
Combe, goder.  
Combe nether, sher.  
Comb over, sher.  
Compton Hargrave, Vpwim.  
Compton, goder.  
Compton, Tota and Mod.  
Compton over, sher.  
Compton nether, sher.  
Corfe, Win.  
Corfe Castle, Hast.  
Corfe Mullin, ●ogd.  
Corscombe, Beam.  
Corton, Vg.  
Craford, Lows.  
CRAMBORN, Cram.  
Cramborn Chase, Cram.  
Creech, Hast.  
Creech East, Hast.  
Creklad park, Whit.  
Cripton, Cullis.  
Crokwey, Eggardon.  
Cruxton, Tollerf.    


D  
Dalwood, Vg.  
Danush, Buckl.  
Devilish Flu.  
Devilish, Pimp.  
Didlington, Bad.  
DORCHESTER, Vg.  
Dorweston, Pimp.  
Down, sher.    


E  
Eastbury, sher.  
Eastover, Red.  
Edmondsham, Cramb.  
Eagleston, Hasler.  
Saint Elyns, Cogd.  
Elwell Cullis.  
Encomb, Hast.  
EVERSHOT, Tollerf.  
Ewren Minster, Hanly.    


F  
Fantelaroy Marsh, sher.  
Farneham▪ Cramb.  
Fifhead, Cramb.  
Fifhead, Whit.  
Fifhead Navel, Pim.  
Fifhead Magdalen, Red.  
Fippenny ankford, Pimp.  
Fittleford, Pim.  
Fleet, Vg.  
Foke, sher.  
Fordington Manor, Vg.  
FRAMPTON, goder.  
The Free, Vpwim.  
from byllet, george.  
from vanchurch, Tollerf.  
from quintin, Tollerf.  
Funtmell, hanly.    


G  
Gillingham Forest, Vpwim.  
Gillingham, Vpwim.  
Glasen, sherb.  
Godmanston, Tot. and Mod.  
Grymston, georg.  
Gunfoild, Cramb.  
Gunfield, Cramb.  
Guslag, Knowl.    


H  
Haidon, sher.  
Handford, Red.  
Halstoke, Whit.  
Ham, Vpwim.  
Hamone, Pim.  
Hampreston▪ Cramb.  
Hamworthy, cogged.  
Handfast point, Knowl.  
Hanly, han.  
Hareston, row.  
Hasselbery brian, pimp.  
Haukechurch, Whit.  
Hauworthy, cogged.  
Helton, Whit.  
Helwarden, Wins.  
Henton Martell, Bad.  
Hermitage, Tot. and Mod.  
Herringston, cullif.  
Herston, row.  
H●ckford, cogged.  
H●llfeild, Tot. and Mod.  
Hinton little, Bad.  
Holme West, haste.  
Holme East, haste.  
Holnest, sher.  
Holt Forest, Bad.  
Holt, Bad.  
Holton, Bad.  
holwel, cram.  
Hooke, Eggar.  
Horseys Melcomb, Whit.  
Horton, Bad.  
Houndstreet, sher.  
Howton, pimp.  
Hutton Marry, Newton.  
Hyde, rush.    


I  
Iberton, Whit.  
Ilsington, pudd.    


K  
Keasworth, cram.  
Kencombe, ●ggard.  
Knighton, pud.  
Knighton, pimp.  
Kingston, row.  
Kingston, georg.  
Kington great, red.  
Kinson, cogged.  
Knolton, Knowl.  
Knowle, haste.  
Knowle, Buckl.  
Kritchell long, Knowle.  
Kunbridge, hasler.    


L  
Lake, Cogd.  
Lambart Castle, Whit.  
Lambart hill, Whit.  
Lancots, rush.  
Lanckton, Vg.  
Lanckton, pimp.  
Langton Wallis, row.  
Landon, Beamis.  
Launston, pimp.  
Lechiot beacon, cogged.  
Lechiot south, cogged.  
Leighe, yet.  
Lewcombe, Tollerf.  
Lewson hill, Beamis.  
Lewston, sher.  
Lillington, sher.  
Limbridge, hasler.  
Litchet Matravers, cogged.  
Litchet, Minster, cogged.  
Loders, goder.  
The Lodge, hasler.  
The Lodge, Bad.  
Longbridge, Whit.  
Longbredy, eggar.  
Longcurchell, Knowl.  
Long●let, cogged.  
Longham, Bad.  
Longlother, goder.  
Longlane mill, red.  
Lulworth West, rush.  
Lulworth East, Win●.  
Lyddon Flu.  
Lydlynche, Brow.  
LYMEKINGS, Brid.  
Lytton, Vg.  
Lie, Bad.    


M  
Maiden Newton, Tollerf.  
Mannyngton, Bad.  
Manston, red.  
Maperton, red.  
Maperton, redl.  
Margaret Marsh, New.  
Marnhull, Newt.  
Marshwood park, Whit.  
Marshwood vale, Whit.  
Martinstowne, george.  
Maston, comb.  
Maypowder, Buck.  
Melbery, cram.  
Melbery Sampford, Toller.  
Melbery Abbiss, hanly.  
Melbery Osmond, yet.  
Melbery bubb, yet.  
Melcomb Regis, Vg.  
Melplash, Beamis.  
Michael's Gussage, Bad.  
Middle marsh, Tot. and Mod.  
MIDDLETON, Whit.  
Milborne S. Andrew, Pud.  
Milborne Stiham, Beer.  
Milton, Vpwim.  
Milton abbess, Whit.  
Milton, eggar.  
Mintern, Whit.  
Mintern great, Tot. and Mod.  
Minterne little, Buck.  
Meigne over, Win●.  
Mo●ritchell, Bad.  
Morden, Low.  
Morden, rush.  
Morton, Winf.  
Mosterne, red.  
Motcombe, Vpwim.  
Mountpoynings, rush.  
Muckelford▪ georg.  
Muncton, cram.  
Muncton, Vpwim.  
Muncton, Cullif.  
Muncton, Cullif.  
Munston, pud.  
The Ours, cogged.    


N  
Netherbury, Beamis.  
Nettlecome, eggar.  
Newland, sher.  
Newton, rowbar.  
Newton Castle, Whit.  
North-haven point, cogged.    


O  
Oborne, sher.  
Okeford shilling, cram.  
Okeford Fitz-pain, New.  
Orchard East, Newt.  
Orchard West, Newton.  
Osmington, Cullif.  
Over, Row.  
Ower, Winf.    


P  
Parston, Cogd.  
Parley West, Cramb.  
Parrot South, red.  
Paunhin, Beamis.  
Pentridge, carmb.  
Petersham, cram.  
Peverell point, row.  
Phillihome, Vg.  
Pimperne, pimp.  
Plush, Buck.  
POOLE, hasl.  
Poorestocke, goder.  
Portland Island, port.  
Portland Church, port.  
Portland Castle, port.  
Porston, georg.  
Pooreton, red.  
Portsham, Vg.  
Povington, hasler.  
Poxwell, Winf.  
Preston, Bad.  
Preston, Cullif.  
Puddle trencheard, Whit.  
Puddlehouton, pud.  
Puddletowne, pud.  
Pullham, rush.  
Pulham West, Buck.  
Pulham East, Buck.  
Puncknoll, Vg.  
Purbick Island, Winf.  
Pyllesdon, Whit.  
Pyllesdon Pen, goder.    


Q  
Quarston, pimp.    


R  
Radlestone, pimp.  
Rampisham, Tollerf.  
Rawston, pimp.  
Rhyme, Whit.  
Rimpscomb, row.  
Ringston, Winf.  
Rodden, Vgscomb.  
Rodipoll, Cullif.  
Rowllington, row.  
Rowseham, Beamis.  
Rumforth, Knowl.  
Rushton, Cramb.  
Rhyme, Yeaton.    


S  
Samford, yet.  
Sandwiche bay, Row.  
Sandesfoote Castle, ●●d.  
Sandwiche, row.  
Sexpenny henley, cram.  
SHA●TESEVRY, Vp.  
Shapwick, Bad.  
Shafton, Vpwim.  
SHERBORNE Sher.  
Sherford bridge, hasl.  
Shepton, goder.  
Shillingaukford, pimp.  
Shilhampton, Vg.  
Shitterton, Bar.  
Shopwicke, Bad.  
Shroughton or ●wrncourtney, Red.  
Sidlin, Whit.  
Simondsborow, Whit.  
Sleep, hasl.  
Somerhays, brown.  
Somerl little, pud.  
South-haven point, cogged.  
Southover, eggard.  
Spesbury, pimp.  
Stalbridge, brown.  
Stanton Gabriel, Whit.  
Steple, hasl.  
Stepington, cram.  
Stepleton, Vg.  
Stickland, pimp.  
Stockland, Whit.  
Stockwood, pud.  
Stock church, Whit.  
Stoke wake, Whit.  
Stoke, yet.  
Stoke galliard, brown.  
Stoke bowood, beam.  
Stone, Bad.  
Stowboro, hasl.  
Stowborow, Winf.  
Stoure Flu.  
Stowrer westover▪ red.  
Stower castover, red.  
Stower pain, pimp.  
Stower provest, Whit.  
Straford, pud.  
Stratton, georg.  
Studland, row.  
Studland Castle, Row.  
Sturhill, goder.  
Sturmister marshal, cogged.  
STURMISTER NEWTON, Bro.  
Stynford, georg.  
Sutton, Vpwim.  
Sutton waldron, red.  
Sutton, Cul.  
Sutton points, pud.  
Swier, Vg.  
Sydlin Saint Nicholas, Tot. and Mod.  
Sylton, Red.    


T  
Tarrant keniston, Pimp.  
Tarrant muncton, Vpwim.  
Tarrant launston, pimp.  
Tarrant hinton, pimp.  
Thornford, sher.  
Thornhull, Bad.  
Thornhill, brown.  
Throupe, pud.  
Tinham east, hasler.  
Tinham west, hasler.  
Tinkleton, pud.  
Todber, Newton.  
Tollerdwelve, Red.  
Toller fratrum, Toll.  
Toller Percorum, Toll.  
Tolpuddell, pud.  
Tompson, Comb.  
Turnewood, pimp.  
Turnerspuddell, Barrow.  
Turnworth, Cramb.  
Twi●ord, Vpwim.    


V  
Vanchurch, Tol.  
Vernen●nster▪ Cramb.  
Upsidling, yet.  
Upway, Vgscomb.  
Upwimbon, Vpwim.    


W  
Waby house, Pud.  
Wadden friar, Vgscomb.  
Waldishe, goder.  
Walterston, pud.  
Walton, georg.  
Wambroke, Whit.  
WARHAM, Winf.  
Warmwell, Winf.  
WAYMOUTH, Vgs.  
Week Kings, pud.  
Welland, Whit.  
Wenford, Whit.  
Westbury, Sher.  
Westhall, Sher.  
Weston, brown.  
Westworth, Rush.  
Whatcomb, Coomb.  
Whitchurch, pimp.  
Whitchurch, Coomb.  
Whitchurch tithing, Whit.  
Whitc●i●●e, Rowbar.  
Withart vale, or blakemore, Sherb.  
Whitlovington, Barrow.  
Wichampton, Cramb.  
Widd●n Friar, Vgscomb.  
Wilton, Eggar●on.  
WIMLORN MINSTER, Bad.  
Wimborne S. Cyles, Knowl.  
Wimborn Alhallows, Knowl.  
Winfrith, Winf.  
Winford Eagle, Tollerf.  
Winterborn, Rush.  
Winterborn, Pimp.  
Winterborn, Eggar.  
Winterborn Kingston, Beer.  
Wirtwood, Bad.  
Woodcotes, Cramb.  
Woodland, Knowl.  
Woodford, Winf.  
Woo●e, Rush.  
Woolcomb, yet.  
Worgret, Barrow.  
Worth, Rowbar.  
Worth, Rowbar.  
Wotton fitzpaine, Whit.  
Wotton, Sher.  
Wotton Glanfeild, Buk.  
Wraxhall, Eggar.    


Y  
Yetminster, yet.      

DEVON-SHIRE, by the Cornish Britain's called Devinan; by the English-Saxons Deven-schyre, 
The names of Devon-shire.  and by contraction of the vulgar Den-shire, is not derived from the Danes, as some would have it, but from the people Danmonii, the same we have spoken of in Cornwall, and whom Ptolemie hath seated in these Western Borders.  

The bounds of Devon-shire.  (2) The West of this County is bounded altogether by the River Tamar: the East is held in with the verge of Sommersetshire: and the North & South sides are washed wholly with the British and Severne Seas: Betwixt whose shores from Cunshere in the North, unto Salcombe Haven entering in at the South, are fifty-five miles▪ and from the Hartland Point West, 
The length and breadth.  to Thorncombe East, are fiftie-foure: the whole circumference about two hundred and two miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is sharp, healthful and good: the Soil is hilly, woody and fruitful, yet so as the hand of the Manurer must never be idle, 
The Soil.  nor the purse of the Farmer never fast shut, especially of them that are far from the Sea, whence they fetch a sand with charge and much travel, which being ●spread upon the face of the earth, bettereth the leanness thereof for grain, and giveth life to the Glebe with great efficacy.  

Ports and Havens about Devon-shire.  (4) As Cornwall, so this hath the same commodities that arise from the Seas: and being more inlanded hath more commodious Havens for Shippings intercourse, among whom Totnes is famous for Brutus' first entrance, ●if Geffrey say true, 
Brutus' reported entrance.  or if Havillan the Poet took not a Poetical liberty, when speaking of Brute, he wrote thus: 
The gods did guide his sail and course: the winds were at command:  
And Totnes was the happy shore where first he came on land.  But with more credit and lamentable event, the Danes at Teiguemouth first entered for the invasion of this Land, 
The Danes first entrance. An. D. 787.  about the year of Christ 787. unto whom Brightrik K. of the Westsaxons sent the Steward of his house to know their intents, whom resistantly they slew: yet were they forced back to their Ships by the Inhabitants, though long they stayed not, but eagerly pursued their begun enterprises.  

Sir Fra. Drake his Voyage.  With more happy success hath Plymouth set forth the purchasers of fame, and stopped the entrance of England's Invaders, as in the reign of that eternised Queen, the mirror of Princes, Elizabeth of everlasting memory: for from this Port Sir Francis Drake, that potent man at Sea, setting forth Anno 1577. in the space of two years and ten months did compass the circle of the Earth by Sea. And the Lord Charles Howard, 
The Spanish Fleet, Anno Dom. 1588.  England's high Admiral, did not only from hence impeach the entrance of the proud invincible Spanish Navy, intending invasion and subversion of State, but with his Bullets so signed their passage, that their sides did well show in whose hands they had been, as seals of their own shame, and his high honour.  

The Commodities. Cloth. Kerseys. Lead. Silver. Loadstone.  (5) The commodities of this shire consist much in Wools and Clothings, where the best and finest Kerseys are made in the Land. Corn is most plenteous in the fruitful Valleys, and Cattle spreading upon the topped Hills, Sea-fish and Fowl exceedingly abundant. Veins of Lead, yea and some of Silver in this Shire are found: and the Loadstone (not the least for use and esteem) from the rocks upon Dartmore hath been taken. Many fresh Springs do bubble from the Hills in this Province, which with a longing desire of Society search out their passage, till they meet and conjoin in the Valleys, and gathering still strength with more branches, lastly grow bodied able to bear Ships into the Land, and to lodge them of great burden in their Bosoms or Falls: whereof Tamar, Tave and Ex are the fairest and most commodious.  

The City Excester.  (6) Upon which last the chief City and Shire-Towne of this County is seated, and from that River hath her name Excester: this City by Ptolemie is called Isca; by the Itinerary of Antonius Emperor, Isca Danmoniorum; by the English Saxons Exanceasder, and Monketon; and by the Welsh Pencaer. It is pleasantly seated upon the gentle ascent of an hill, so stately for building, so rich with Inhabitants, so frequent for commerce and concourse of strangers, that a man can desire nothing but there it is to be had, saith William of Malmesbury. The walls of this City first built by King Athelstane, are in a manner circular or round, but towards the Ex rangeth almost in a strait line, having six Gates for entrance, and many watchtowers interposed betwixt, whose compass containeth about fifteen hundred paces: upon the East part of this City standeth a Castle called Rugemont, 
Rugemount a King's Palace.  sometimes the Palace of the West-Saxon Kings, and after them of the Earls of Cornwall, whose prospect is pleasant unto the Sea, and over against it a most magnificent Cathedral Church, founded by King Athelstan also, in honour of S. Peter, and by Edward the Confessor made the Bishops See, which he removed from Crediton or Kirton in this County unto the City of Excester (as saith the private History of that place:) whose dilapidations the reverend father in God William now Bishop of the Diocese with great cost hath repaired; whom I may not name without a most thankful remembrance for the great benefits received by his careful providence toward me and mine. 
Excester withstood the Saxons 465. years.  This City was so strong and so well stored of Britain's, that they held out against the Saxons for 465. years after their first entrance, and was not absolutely won until, Athelstan became Monarch of the whole, who then peopled it with his Saxons, and enriched the beauty thereof with many fair buildings: but in the times of the Danish desolations this City with the rest, felt their destroying hands; for in the year 875. it was by them sore afflicted, spoilt, and shaken, and that most grievously by Swain in the year of Christ jesus 1003. who razed it down from East to West, so that scarcely had it gotten breath before William the bastard of Normandy besieged it, against whom th● Citizens with great manhood served, till a part of the wall fell down of itself, and that by the hand of God's providence, saith mine Author: since when it hath been three times besieged, and with valiant resistance ever defended. 
Hugh Courtney. A. D. 1497. Perkin Warbeck A. D. 1549.  The first was by Hugh Courtney Earl of Devon-shire, in the civil broils betwixt Lancaster and York: then by Perkin Warbeck, that counterfeited Richard Duke of York: and lastly, by the Cornish Rebels, wherein although the Citizens were grievously pinched with scarcity, yet continued they their faithful allegiance unto King Edward the sixth; and at this day flourisheth in tranquillity and wealth, being governed by a Mayor, twentie-foure Brethren, with a Recorder, Town-clerk and other Officers their attendants. 
The City's Climate.  This City's graduation is set in the degree of Latitude from the North Pole 50. & 45. scruples: and for Longitude from the West, to the degree 16. and 25. scruples. Neither is joseph that excellent Poet, whose birth was in this City, the least of her Ornaments, whose Writings bare so great credit that they were divulged in the German language under the name of Cornelius Nepos.  
The like credit got Crediton in her birth-child Winefred, 
Crediton.  the Apostle of the Hassians, Thuringers, and Frisians of Germany, which were converted by him unto the Gospel and knowledge of Christ.  
(7) Places memorable in this County remaining for signs of Battles, 
Exmore.  or rather antiquities are these: upon Exmore certain Monuments of Antique work are erected, which are stones pitched in order, some trianglewise, and some in round compass: these no doubt were Trophies of victories there obtained, either by the Romans, Saxons, or Danes, and with Danish letters one of them is inscribed, giving direction to such as should travel that way. 
Hublestowe.  Hublestow likewise near unto the mouth of Tawe, was the burial place of Hubba the Dane, 
A. D. 878.  who with his brother Hunger, had harried the English in divers parts of the Land: but lastly, was there encountered with, and slain by this Shires Inhabitants, and under a heap of copped stones interred, and the Banner Reasen there and then taken, 
Asserius Menevensis.  that had so often been spread in the Danes quarrel, and wherein they reposed no small confidence for success.  
(8) A double dignity remaineth in this County, 
Dukes and Larles.  where Princes of State have borne the Titles both of Devon-shire and Excester: of which City there have b●en entitled Dukes, the last of whom, namely, Henry Holland, Grandchild to john Holland, half-brother to King Richard the second; siding with Lancaster against Edward the fourth, whose sister was his wife, 
Philip Commin. cap. 50.  was driven to such misery, as Philip Commineus reporteth, that he was seen all torn and barefooted to beg his living in the Low Countries: and lastly, his body was cast upon the Shore of Kent (as if he had perished by shipwreck) so uncertain is Fortune in her endowments, and the state of man, notwithstanding his great birth.  
(9) Religious houses in this Shire built in devotion, 
Religious Houses.  and for Idolatry pulled down, were at Excester, Torbay, Tanton, Tavestoke, Kirton, Ford, Hartland, Axmister and Berstable.  
(10) And the Counties divisions are parted into 33. Hundreds, 
Hundreds and Churches.  wherein are seated 37. Market Townes, and 394. Parish-Churches, whose names shall appear in the Table following.   map of Devonshire 
DEVONSHIRE WITH EXCESTER DESCRIBED And the Arms of such Nobles as have borne the titles of them.  


HUNDREDS in Devon-shire.  
1. BRanten.  
2. Sherwell.  
3. South Moulton.  
4. Bampton.  
5. Tyverton.  
6. Witheridge.  
7. Fremington.  
8. Hartland.  
9 Shebbeare.  
10. North-Tauton.  
11. Black Torrington.  
12. Winckley.  
13. Creditor.  
14. West Budley.  
15. Halberton.  
16. Hemyock.  
17. Axmister.  
18. Cullington.  
19 Hayrudge.  
20. S. Marry O●●ry.  
21. Clifton.  
22. East Budley.  
23. Wonford.  
24. Tingbridge.  
25. Exmister.  
26. Heytor.  
27. Liston.  
28. Tave stock.  
29. Roborough.  
30. Plympton.  
31. Armington.  
32. Stanborough.  
33. Colridge.   


A  
ABbotesham, Sheb.  
Agelsortwell, hay.  
Alesbeare, East b.  
All-hallows, Hayrtd.  
Alsheraphe, Witbr.  
Allington east, stan.  
Allington west, stan.  
Alme Flu.  
Alphington, won.  
Aluerdiscot, fire.  
Alwington, sheb.  
Ansley Marry, wit●.  
Annary, sheb.  
S. Anne's Chapel, Brant.  
Anstie east, southmo.  
Anstie west, southmo.  
Apeley, Frem.  
Apledon, sneb.  
Arlington, sher.  
Arm Flu.  
Armington▪ arm.  
Armouth, arm.  
Armington, arm.  
Ashe, Brant.  
Ashe kings Northt.  
Ashberry Black.  
ASHBERTON, Ti.  
Ashbright, Bam.  
Ashcomb Exm.  
Ashford▪ Brant.  
Ashford, Bam.  
Ashprington, Col.  
Ashregny, Northt  
Ashton, With.  
Ashton, Exm.  
Ashwater, Black.  
Atherington, Northt.  
Audley, sheb.  
Aueton gifford, arm.  
Aune Flu.  
Austerston, sheb.  
AUTREY, Mary Ot.  
Axe Flu.  
Axmister, Axm.  
Axmouth▪ Axm.    


B  
Bag-point North.  
BAMPTON, Bam.  
BARNSTABLE, B.  
Barnstable, Bam.  
bath, Northt.  
Beaford, sheb.  
Bear clifton.  
Beareferris, Rob.  
Beer, cull.  
Bediford, sheb.  
Bediston, lift.  
Belston, black.  
Bery point, Heyt.  
Bery Castle, heyt.  
Bery pomcry, heyt.  
Berrynerbert, brant.  
Beworthy Black.  
Bickley hayrid.  
Bickligh, Robor.  
Bickington, Ting.  
Bickington high, North.  
Bickington Abbors, Black.  
Bicton, East Bud.  
Bigbury arming.  
Bittedon, brant.  
Blakauton▪ colr.  
Blakdon, heyt.  
Bonitracye, Ting.  
Bosingsale, colr.  
Bounden, colr.  
BOW, North.  
Bradford, black.  
Bradford, Hair.  
BRADINUCH, Ha.  
Bradston, lifton.  
Bradworthy, Black.  
Brampford speak, Won.  
Branscombe, cull.  
Branton, brant.  
Bratton lovelly, lift.  
Bratton fleming, Bra.  
Bray Flu.  
Bray high, sher.  
Brendon, sher.  
BRENT south, stanb.  
Brentor, tavest.  
Briddestow, lift.  
Bridgford, Wonford.  
Bridgrevell, black.  
Brightley, southm.  
Brixham, Heyt.  
Brixton, Plymp.  
Brodwood kelly, bla.  
Brodwood wigier, ●i.  
Brushford, Northt.  
Buckland east, brant.  
Buckland west, brant.  
Buckland north, Rob.  
Buckland thousand, col.  
Buckland Monachop, Rob.  
Buckland Bruer, sheb.  
Buckland in the moor, Heyt.  
Buckland fylly, sher.  
Buckfastleigh, stan.  
Buckerell, Hem.  
Budleigh east, East b.  
S. Budox, Robor.  
Bulkworthy, bart.  
Bult point, stanb.  
Bundley, Northt.  
Burrinton, plymp.  
Burrington, Northt.  
Burlescombe, bamp.  
Butterley, cleft.    


C  
Cadbery, Hair.  
Cadbury, West b.  
Cadley hayrid.  
Callaton, Northt.  
Cannanleigh, Bamp.  
Cave, Tyvert.  
Caverleigh, Tyvert.  
Chareles, sherw.  
Chareles, southam.  
Charleton, colrid.  
Challeigh, Northt.  
Cannon, Wonf.  
Chawley, With.  
CHEG●ORD, Won.  
Chekston. East b.  
Cheldon, With.  
Cherinton Fitzpaine, West.  
Cherinton bishops, Won.  
Cherston, heyt.  
Chestowe, stanb.  
Chettescomb. Tyvert.  
Chevelston, col.  
CHIDLEIGH, Ex.  
Chi●ton, colr.  
Chylinleigh, With.  
Chymley, sher.  
Chitlehampton, south.  
Chittenholt wood, south.  
Cholacombe, sher.  
Churstaunton, hem.  
Citington, heyt.  
Clavell, har.  
Clayhaydon, hem.  
Clayhanger, Bamp.  
Clannaborough, Nor.  
Clawton, Black.  
S. Clement, colr.  
Cliff S. Marry, East b.  
Cliff S. George, Ea.  
Cliff S. Laurence, Cl.  
cliff honiton, East b.  
cliff broad, clif.  
cliff bishops, East b.  
cliff hiedon, cleft.  
Clovelly, hart.  
Cockatree, Northt.  
Cockingtor●, bey.  
Coffinswell, bey.  
Colbrooke, cred.  
Collaton, arm.  
Collaton Rawley, East b.  
Columb John, Wone.  
Columb David, Hem.  
Columpton Flu.  
COLUMPTON, H  
Colruge, Northt.  
Culmestoke, hem.  
Cookberry, black.  
Combe, West b.  
Combe, Frem.  
Combe, cull.  
Combs point, Colr.  
Comb in tern, hay.  
Combing tynhead, Wone.  
Combyne, axm.  
Comb martin's, bran.  
Compton, bey.  
Compton gifford, Rob.  
Comranley, axm.  
Coplaston, cred.  
Connsbury, sher.  
Cornewood, arm.  
Corneworthy, colr.  
Cotleigh, cull.  
Cullacombe, lift.  
Cullyford, cull.  
CULLITON, Cull.  
Curriton, lift.  
Crecombe, With.  
CREDITON, cred.  
Credy Flu.  
Crekam, With.  
Crekerwell, Wone.  
Cried, brant.  
Cried bay.  
Cruse morchard, Wit.    


D  
Dalwood, axm.  
DARTMOUTH, C.  
Dartmouth castle, co.  
Dartmouth haven.  
Dartmoore, Rob.  
Dart Flu.  
Dartington. stanb.  
Dawligh, exm.  
Deane prior, stanb.  
Delbridge, With.  
Denbery, hay.  
Dexboro, black.  
Dipford, bamp.  
Dipford, stan  
Dittesham, colr.  
Dodbrooke, colr.  
Doddescombleigh, E.  
Dowlton, Northt.  
Down S. Mary, Northt.  
Downland, North.  
Dowrish, West b.  
Dunchidock, Exm.  
Dunckswell old, hem.  
Dunsbroke Flu.  
Dunsford, Wone.  
Dunsland, black  
Dunterton, lift.    


E  
Eastdown, Bran.  
Ede, Exm.  
Edeford, Ting.  
Edgcombe, Rob.  
Edmeston, arm.  
Eford, Rob.  
Egifford, North.  
Eggbuckland, Rob.  
Ekbury, hart.  
Exe more, sher.  
Exe mouth East b.  
Exbridge, Bam.  
Exborne, black.  
Excester, Wone.  
Exmister, Exm.  
Ex Flu.    


F  
Farringdon, East b.  
Farwaye, cull.  
Fleer, arm.  
Fenantrye, East b.  
Fenton, hay.  
Fylleigh, bran.  
Ford, axm.  
Forton Flu.  
Fremington, Frem.  
Frithelstock sheb.  
Frobrian, hay.  
Fulford, Wone.  
Fulford, West b.    


G  
Gaymton, hay.  
Georgehame, bran.  
Germane week, lift.  
Gidley, Wone.  
S. Giles, Frem.  
S. Giles in the heath, Black.  
Gillesham, cull.  
Gittisham, East b.  
Goodleigh, bran.  
Greneway, ●ey.    


H  
Hache, Stan.  
Hackpendown, hem.  
Halberton, arm.  
Halberton, hall.  
Hall, southm.  
Hallwell, black.  
Hallwell, colr.  
Hamford, black.  
Hampton high, black.  
Harberton, col.  
Harborn● Flu.  
Harforde, Arm.  
Harpford, East b.  
Harrowbridge, Rob.  
Hartland, hart.  
Hartland point, hart.  
HARTON, hart.  
Hatherland, Tyvert.  
HATHERLEY, bla●.  
Hays, East b.  
Hayne lift.  
Hayne, West b.  
Haynton, sheb.  
High Haynton, black.  
Helena, Rob.  
Helwell, black.  
Hembury broad, hay.  
Hemiock, hem.  
Hempston broad, he.  
Hempston little, hay.  
Hennock, Ting.  
Hethberton, Wone.  
Hevitree, Wone.  
Hewishe, sheb.  
Hewishe south, stan.  
Hewishe north, stan.  
Highley, With.  
Highweek, Ting.  
Hittesley, Wone.  
S. Hob-poole, West b.  
Hocworthie, bamp.  
Holberton, arm.  
Holcomb, Maryot.  
Holcombrogus, bamp.  
Holcomb burnel, Won  
Holdworthy, black.  
Holle, stan.  
Hollacomb, black.  
HONITON, Ax.  
Hope key, stan.  
Horwell, cred.  
Horwood, Frem.  
Huckham, hay.  
Huckesham, Wone.  
Hunichurch, black.  
Huntesham, Tivert.  
Hunshow, Frem.    


I  
Jacobstowe, black.  
Iddesieigh, sheb.  
Idford, Ting.  
ILFARCOMBE, Br.  
Ilton, stan.  
Ilsington, Ting.  
Ingerley, black.  
Ipplepen, hay.  
Juston, Frem.  
Ivybridge, arm.    


K  
Kawton black, colr.  
Kegbeare, black.  
Kellye, lift.  
Kenne, Exm.  
Ken Flu.  
Kenford, Exm.  
Kennerley, cred.  
Kentisbeare, hay.  
Kentisbury, bran.  
Kenton, Exm.  
Keswell Kings, hay.  
Keswell Abbots, hay.  
Killmington, axm.  
Knighton, Ting.  
KINGSBRIDG, stan.  
Kingstanton, Ting.  
Kingston, arm.  
Kingswere, hay.  
Kingswer castle, hay.  
Kirstow, Wone.  
Knowston, southm.    


L  
Lamerton, lift.  
Langtree, sheb.  
Lankey, southm.  
Lapford, Northt.  
Lee North, black.  
Leigh North, cull.  
Leigh South, cull.  
Leman Flu.  
Lue North, black.  
Lewtrenchard, lift.  
lid Flu.  
Lydford, lift.  
Lymson, East.  
Lynam, plymp.  
Lynton, sher.  
Listleigh, Ting.  
Liston, lift.  
Littleham, sheb.  
Littleham, East b.  
Loddeswell, stan.  
Lox●eare, Tiver.  
Loxhorne, sher.  
Luckham, West b.  
Luffencott, black.  
Luppit, arm.    


M  
Maker, Robor.  
Malborough, stan.  
Manhedd, Exm.  
Manton, Ting.  
S. mary's, hay.  
S. mary's, S. Mary-O.  
Maristowe, lift.  
Marledon, hay.  
Marsh, arm.  
Marton, sheb.  
Martynhoe, sher.  
Marwood, bran.  
Membury, axm.  
Memland, axm.  
Mere, Tiver.  
Merland, sheb.  
Merland Peter, sheb.  
Meshewe, With.  
Meet, sheb.  
Mevychurch, Rob.  
Mewston, plymp.  
Mewston, hay.  
S. Michael, stan.  
S. Michael, cull.  
Mill. With.  
Milton south, stan.  
Milton damere, black.  
Milton Abbots, Tau.  
MODBURY, arm.  
Molland, south.  
Morchard bishops, cred.  
More hays, hay.  
Mooreley, stan.  
MORETON, Ting.  
Moreton hampsted, Ting.  
Mortston, bran.  
Mort Bay, bran.  
Morthooe, bran.  
Moul Flu.  
Moulton north, south.  
MOULTON SOUTH, south.  
Mounsantie, axm.  
Muckenfeild, Northt.  
Munckle, sheb.  
Muckton, cull.  
Murbathe, bamp.  
Musbery, axm.    


N  
Nemett Kings, With.  
Nemett Bishops, Wit.  
Nemett S. George, south.  
Netherex, hay.  
Newncham, plymp.  
NEWTON Bishops, hay.  
Newton petrock, sher.  
Newton tracy, Frem.  
Newton ferris, arm.  
Newton friars, cred.  
Newton, East b.  
S. Nicholas I'll, Rob.  
Northlue, black.  
Northam, sheb.  
Northbonie, Ting.  
Northcott, black.  
North-ewe Flu.  
Norton Dawney, col.  
Notwell court, East b.  
Nymett tracye, north.  
Nymett Rowland, North.    


O  
Ocment Flu.  
Offwell, cull  
Ogwell east, Wonf.  
Ogwell west, Wonf.  
Okeford, With.  
OKEHAMPTON.  
Okehampton Monks, black.  
Oldridge, cred.  
Orcharaton, arm.  
Otterford, hem.  
Ougborough, arm.  
Ounwell, arm.  
Overton, East b.  
Owelscombe, hem.  
Oxton, Exm.    


P  
Padstow, sheb.  
Pancrasweek, black.  
Paynesford, colr.  
Parkham, sheb.  
Parkham, hart.  
Paracombe, sher.  
Pavington, hay.  
Peamont, Exm.  
Pehembury, hay.  
Petherwya North, black.  
Petrockstowe, sheb.  
Petton, bamp.  
Pilton, bran.  
Pines, Wonf.  
Pinhawes, Wonf.  
Pyworthie, black.  
Plymouth, Rob.  
Plymouth Flu.  
Plymouth haven, Rob.  
PLYMPTON mary's, P.  
Plympton Stock plym.  
Plympton Morris, Nym.  
Plymtree, hay.  
Poltimore, Wone.  
Pongill, West b.  
Poole south, colr.  
Portlecomb. colr.  
Portlidge, sheb  
Portlidge mouth, h●r.  
Porteston, arm.  
Potheridge, sheb.  
Powderham, Exm.  
Preston, Ting.  
Puddington, With.  
Punchardon, bam.  
Pusland, plym.  
Putford east, hart.  
Putford west, black.    


R  
Rackenford, With.  
Ralev, bram.  
Rashley, North.  
Rattery, stan.  
Redford, plym.  
Revellstoke, plym.  
Rew, Wone.  
Rinmore, arm.  
Rockbeare, East b.  
Romansley, With.  
Rose ash, With.  
Rowborowe, from.    


S  
Salcombe, stan.  
Salcombe, East b.  
Salcombe haven, colr.  
Salterne, East b.  
Sampford peverall, Hal.  
Samford shyney, ' Rob.  
Samford courtney, Black.  
Sangford, cred.  
Stanton, bran.  
Saterleigh, southm.  
Sauldon, black.  
Seal, Wone.  
Seaton, cull.  
Shave, plymp.  
Shebbeare, sheb.  
Shepistor, Rob.  
Sherford, colr.  
Shepwaishe, sheb.  
Sherwell, sher.  
Shildon, Hay.  
Shillingford, Ex.  
Shilton, Arm.  
Shobrooke, West b.  
Shute, cull.  
Sidbury, East b.  
Sidmouth, East b.  
Sidnam north, lift.  
Sidnam south, lift.  
Silverton, Hay.  
Slade, Plym.  
Slapton, colr.  
Soureton lift.  
Sowton, Wone.  
Spraiton, Wone.  
Spurleston, plym.  
Staverton, hay.  
Stockley English, West.  
Stockley pomery, West b.  
Stockland, ●xm.  
Stockley, West b.  
Stoford, arm.  
Stoke, Wone.  
Stoke Gabriel, hay.  
Stoke Church, axm.  
Stoke rivers, sher.  
Stoke Damerell, Rob.  
Stoken tynhead, Wone.  
Stokenham, Colr.  
Stoke fleming, Col.  
Stonehouse, Rob.  
Store point, East b.  
Stowford, lift.  
Stretchley arm.  
Stretrawley, East b.  
Stretpoint, Colr.  
Stre●wood head, East b.  
Studley, With.  
Surcomb, black.  
Swimbridge, southm.    


T  
Tallaron, Hay.  
Tammerton floliet, Rob.  
Taynton bishops, Exm.  
Tanstock, Fre.  
TAVESTOCK, T.  
Tavye Mary, lift  
Tavye Peter, Rob.  
Tavye Flu.  
Tanton Bishops, south.  
Taunton north, Nor.  
Taunton south, Wone.  
Tawridge, cred.  
Tedborne, Wone  
Teyntondrewe, Won.  
Templeton, With.  
Tetcott black.  
TAVERTON, Ta.  
Thelbridge, With  
Therverton, West b.  
S. Thomas, Wons.  
Thornbery, black.  
Thorncomb, axm.  
Thornton, hay.  
Throuley, Wone.  
Thrushell Flu.  
Thrushelton, lift.  
Thurlestow, stan.  
Tidwell, East b.  
Tinge Flu.  
Tingmouth east, Exm.  
Tinmouth west, Exm.  
Tingrase, Ting.  
Topsham, Wone.  
Tor-bay, hay.  
Tormoham, hay.  
Tormount, hay.  
Torrington land, Fr.  
Torrington little, sheb.  
Torrington black, Black.  
TORRINGTON, Fr.  
TOTNES, Colr.  
Townstall, Colr.  
Towridge Flu.  
Trawbridge, cred.  
Trebow, Black.  
Trenshoe, Bran.  
Trinity Chapel, hay.  
Tobrian, hay.  
Trusham, Exm.  
Tuchyn, southm.  
Twitching, southm.    


V  
Venottery, East b.  
Vever Flu.  
Uscombe, Bamp.  
Ugbrocke, Ting.  
Virginstowe, Lift.  
Ulber, hay.  
Vowelscombe, Arm.  
Upantre, axm.  
Upcote, sheb.  
Upleman, Tiver.  
Uplyme, axm.  
Upton pine, Wone.  
Upton hellins, West b.  
Vynnyton, Hem.    


W  
Walkhampton, Rob.  
Wallopitt▪ stan.  
Wambrooke.  
Ware, sheb.  
Wareley, Rob.  
Warkeleigh, southm  
Warpsley beacon, Wi.  
Warpsley hill, With.  
Washfeild Tiver.  
Washefeild, West b.  
Washford pine, Wit.  
Wayton, hay.  
Wear gifford, sheb.  
Welland, Hal.  
Welcombe, Hart.  
Wembworthy, North.  
Wenbery, plym.  
Were, Won.  
Westcoote, Bran.  
Westdowne, Bran.  
Westleigh, Frem.  
Weston peverell, Rob.  
Whitchurch, Rob.  
Whitston, Won.  
Widworthie, Cull.  
Wilsworth, Lift.  
Wimple, Clif.  
Winckley, Northt.  
Wynston, arm.  
Wytheridge, With.  
Withycombe, stan.  
Withycombe, hay.  
Withycombe rawlew, East.  
Withycombe Chapel, East.  
Wognell East, hay.  
Wognell West, hay.  
Wolfradisworth, Ha.  
Wholley, sheb.  
Wolesworthy, With.  
Wood, stan.  
Wood, Hay.  
Woodbury, East b.  
Woodland, hay.  
Woodland, a●m.  
Woodley, stan.  
Worington, Black.  
Worlington East, With.  
Worlington West, With.  
Worthiham, lift.  
Wortley, southm.    


Y  
Yalme moth, Arm.  
Yalme Flu.  
Yaneton, Bran.  
Yaneton Court. Bran.  
Yarckcombe, Axm.  
Yealmpton, plym.  
Yarnescombe, Hart.  
Youlston, sher.    


Z  
Zaelmonaco, Northt.      


Flores Histor.  CORNWALL (as Matthew of Westminster affirmeth) is so named, partly from the form, and partly from her people: for shooting itself into the Sea like a Horn (which the Britain's call Kerne) and inhabited by them whom the Saxons named Wallia; of these two compounded words it became Cornwallia. Not to trouble the Reader with the Fable of Corineus, cousin to King Brute, who in free gift received this County in reward of his prowess for wrestling with the Giant Gogmagog, and breaking his neck from the Cliff of Dover, as he of Monmouth hath fabuled. 
Geoffrey Monmo.   

Richard Carew. The Air.  (2) Touching the temperature of this County, the air thereof is cleansed as with Bellows, by the Billows that ever work from off her environing Seas, wherethorow it becometh pure and subtle, and is made thereby very healthful, but withal so piercing and sharp, that it is apt to preserve then to recover health. The spring is not so early as in the more Eastern parts; yet the Summer with a temperate heat recompenseth his slow fostering of the fruits, with their most kindly ripening. The Autumn bringeth a some what late harvest: and the Winter, by reason of the Seas warm breath, maketh the cold milder than elsewhere. Notwithstanding, that Country is much subject to stormy blasts, whose violence hath freedom from the open waves, to beat upon the dwellers at Land, leaving many times their houses uncovered.  

The Soil.  (3) The soil for the most part is lifted up into many hills, parted asunder with narrow and short valleys, and a shallow earth doth cover their outside, which by a Seaweed called Ovewood, and a certain kind of fruitful Sea-sand, they make so rank and batten, as is uncredible. But more are the riches that out of those hills are gotten from the Mines of Copper and Tin; which Country was the first, and continueth the best stored in that Merchandise, of any in the world. Timaeus the Historian in Pliny reporteth, that the Britaines fetched their Tin in wicker boats, 
Lib. 6 cap. 8.  stitched about with Lather. And Diodorus Siculus of Augustus Caesar's time writeth, 
Tinne-Mines.  that the Britaines in this part di●ged Tin out of stony ground, which by Merchants was carried into Gallia, and thence to Narbone, as it were to a Mart. Which howsoever the English-Saxons neglected, yet the Normans made great benefit thereof, especially Richard brother to King Henry the third, who was ●arl● of Cornwall, and by those Tinne-workes became exceedingly rich: for the incursions of the Moors having stopped up the Tinne-Mines in Spain, and them in Germany not discovered before the year of Christ 1240. th●se in Cornwall supplied the want in all parts of the world. 
Privileges of Tinne-works.  This Earl made certain Tinne-Lawes, which with liberties and privileges were confirmed by Earl Edmund his son. And in the days of King Edward the third, the Commonweal of Tinne-workes from one body was divided into four, and a LordWarden of the Stanniers appointed their judge.  

The Borders of Cornwall.  (4) The Borders of this Shire on all parts but the East is bound in with the Sea: and had Tamer drawn his course but four miles further to the North, betwixt this County and Devon shire, it might have been rather accounted an Island, than stood with the Main. Her length is from Launston to the Land-end, 
The Forms and Length.  containing by measure sixty miles: and the broadest part, stretching along by the Tamer, is fully forty, lessening thence still lesser like a horn.  
(5) The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans, were the Danmonii, that spread themselves further into Devon-Shire also, 
Lib. 5. cap. 8. Michael Cornw. The ancient people and now Inhabitants.  by the report of Diodorus Siculus, a most courteous and civil people: and by Michael their Poet extolled for valour and strength of limbs: nor therein doth he take the liberty that Poets are allowed, to add to the subject whereof they write, but truly reporteth what we see by them performed, who in activity surmount many other people.  
When the Heathen Saxons had seated themselves in the best of this Land, and forced the Christian Britain's into these rocky parts, than did Cornwall abound in Saints, unto whose honour most of the Churches were erected, 
Bale Cent. Lib. 1.  by whose names they are yet known and called. To speak nothing of Ursula that Counties Duke's daughter, with her company of canonised Virgin-Saints, that are now reputed but to trouble the Calendar. These Britaines in Cornwall to fenced the Country, 
Wil Malmes.  and defended themselves, that to the reign of King Athelstane they held out against the Saxons, who subduing those Western parts, made Tamer the Bounder betwixt them and his English, whose last Earl of the British Blood was called Candorus.  
(6) But William the Bastard created Robert (his half-brother by Herlotta their mother) the first Earl of the Normans race: 
The Earls of Cornwall.  and Edward the Black Prince, the ninth from him, was by his Father King Edward the third invested the first Duke of Cornwall, which Title ever since hath continued in the Crown.  
(7) The commodities of this Shire, 
The commodities.  ministered both by Sea and Soil, are many and great: for besides the abundance of Fish that do suffice the Inhabitants, the Pilchard is taken, who in great skulls swarm about the coast, whence being transported to France, Spain, and Italy, yield a yearly revenue of gain unto Cornwall: wherein also Copper and Tin so plentifully grow in the utmost part of this Promontory, that at a low water the veins thereof lie bare, and are seen: and what gain that commodity begets, 1s vulgarly known. Neither are these Rocks destitute of Gold nor Silver, 
Diamonds gotten in Cornwall.  yea and Diamonds shaped and pointed Angle-wise, and smoothed by Nature herself, whereof some are as big as Walnuts, inferior to the Orient only in blackness and hardness.  
Many are the Ports, Bays, and Havens that open into this Shire, both safe for arrivage, and commodious for transport; whereof Falmouth is so copious, that an hundred Ships may therein ride at anchor apart by themselves, so that from the tops of their highest Masts they shall not see each other, and lie most safely under the winds.  
(8) This County is fruitful in Corn, 
Market-towns.  Cattle, Sea fish, and Fowl: all which, with other provisions for pleasures and life, are traded thorough twentytwo Market-towns in this Shire, whereof Launston and Bodman are the best; from which last, being the middle of the Shire, the Pole is elevated to the degree of Latitude 50.35. minutes, and for Longitude from the first West point, 15.13. minutes, as Mercator hath measured them.  
(9) Memorable matters both for antiquity and strangeness of fight, 
Memorable things.  are these: At Boskenna upon the South-west of her Promontory, is a Trophy erected, which are eighteen Stones placed round in compass, and pitched twelve foot each from others, with another far bigger in the very centre. These do show some Victory there attained, either by the Romans, or else King Athelstane. At the foot of the Rocks near unto S. Michael's Mount, in the memory of our Fathers, were digged up Speare-heads, Axes, and Swords of Brass, 
Brazen swords found by digging.  wrapped in linen, the weapons that the Cimbrians and ancient Britain's anciently used.  
At Camelford likewise pieces of Armours both for horse and man, are many times found in digging of the ground, imputed to be the signs of that fight wherein Mordred was slain, and wherein great Arthur received his death's wound, And at Castle-Dennys are the Trenches wherein the Danes lodged when they first minded to subdue the Land. In the Parish S. Clare, two stones are pitched, one of them inscribed with a strange Character, 
The other half Stone.  and the other called the other half stone: the forms whereof we have expressed in the Map. The Hurlers also, fabuled to be men metamorphosed into stones; but in truth show a note of some victory, or else are so set for Landmarks Bounders. There also the Wring cheese doth show itself, 
Wring-cheese.  which are huge Rocks heaped one upon another, and the lowest of them the least, fashioned like a Cheese, lying pressed under the rest of those Hills, which seemeth very dangerous to be passed under. But near to Pensans, and unto Mounts bay, 
Mainamber.  a far more strange Rock standeth, namely, Main Amber, which lieth mounted upon others of meaner size, with so equal a counterpoise, that a man may move it with the push of his finger, but no strength remove it out of his place.  
(10) Religious houses built, and suppressed within the limits of Cornwall, the fairest and greatest for account, were Launston, S. Neotes, S. Buriens, S. Michael's Mount, and S. Germane a Bishops See: so was Bodman also, from whence King Edward the Confessor removed it unto the Cities of Excester.  
(11) The division of this Shire is into nine Hundreds, wherein are seated twentie-two Market-towns, and 161. Parish-Churches, whose names are Alphabetically gathered in the Table of this Chapter annexed.   map of Cornwall 
CORNWALL  


Hundreds in Cornwall.  
1. PEnwith.  
2. Kerrier.  
3. Pider.  
4. Powder.  
5. West.  
6. Lesnewth.  
7. Trigge.  
8. Stratton.  
9 East.   


A  
Aborrows, Kerrier.  
Adven, Lesnew.  
S. Agnis, Bid.  
S. Allan, Proved.  
Alan flu, Trig.  
All●●combe, strat.  
Alternon, Lesnew.  
Castle Andenas, Bid.  
Anowtham, pen.  
Anstell▪ proved.  
Anthony, proved.  
Anthony East, East.  
Anthony West, East.  
S. Anthony in menege, Ker.  
Ancron, Kerrier.  
Ardevora, proved.  
Arthurshall, Trig.  
Arwanack, Ker.  
Arwothall, Ker.  
Asalt, East.  
Ashfield, proved.    


B  
Bake, East.  
Ba●lyn, Bid.  
Barrete, proved.  
Bedeve, Trig.  
Bedwyn, Trig.  
Beedshaven, strat.  
Benaflock, proved.  
Benallock, Kerry.  
S. Benet, Bid.  
Benye, Lesnew.  
Bear, strat.  
Beriobridge, East.  
Berose's, Trig.  
Besill, Lesnew.  
Betonet, East.  
Bickton, East.  
Bindon beacon, We.  
Binerton, Kerry  
Blackbitille point, West.  
Blaise, proved.  
Blislond, Trig.  
Blostenim, East.  
Bochym▪ Kerry.  
Boconock, West.  
Bodregan, proved.  
BODMAN, Trig.  
Bodrigy, Pen.  
Bolisto, Pen.  
Bonython, Kerry.  
Borden, strat.  
Borrow, strat.  
Botadon, East.  
Botalleck, pen.  
Botsboro, strat.  
Bolcastle, Lesnew.  
Boskenna, pen.  
Bossassill, pen.  
Bosvergus, pen.  
Boyton, stratt.  
Breage, Kerry.  
Breland I'll, pen.  
Br●n●, bid.  
S. Breock, bid.  
Breward, Trig.  
Bridgrule, strat.  
B●odocke, West.  
Brovagelly, west.  
Buckern, Trig.  
Buckehy, Trig.  
Budocke, Kerry.  
Burgus, bid.  
Burian, pen.  
S. Burien, pen.  
Burlace, bid.  
Burnere, Trig.  
beneath wood, East.  
Bynnawy, strat.    


C  
Calstocke, East.  
Camborne, pen.  
CAME●FORD, Le.  
Canalegie, bid.  
Canyjeck, pen.  
Caradon Beacon, East.  
Carantack, bid.  
Cardynbam, West.  
Cargallomb, West.  
Cargem, East.  
Carmyono, Kerry.  
Carnonbigh, pen.  
Carnon, bid.  
Carock passage, west.  
Caraglowse, pen.  
Cary bay, proved.  
Casthorne, pen.  
Cain, West.  
Cain bridge, West.  
Chasfrench, East.  
Cheswring, East.  
Clayper bridge, East.  
Cleader, Les.  
S. Clear, West.  
S. Clement, proved.  
S. Clements I'll, pen.  
Clifton, East.  
Clowans, pen.  
Cober Flu.  
Colan little, bid.  
COLUMB great, bid.  
Columb less, bid.  
Colquite, proved.  
Combe, proved.  
Constenton, Ker.  
Corbullock Park, East.  
Cornely, proved.  
Cortether, West.  
Coswyn, penws.  
Court, proved.  
Cousham bay, East.  
Crackington, Les.  
Creed, proved.  
Crigmere, bid.  
Crocadon, East.  
Crosthole, East.  
Crowan, pen.  
Cubye, proved.  
Curye, Kerry.  
Coswath, ped.  
Cuttcall, East.  
Cuttbert, bid.  
The ruins of a Castle, pen.    


D  
Davidstone, Les.  
S. day, Kerry.  
S. Dennis, proved.  
Denmer bridge, Trid.  
Dewloe, West.  
S. Dominick, East.  
Dounstocke, Le.  
Dosmery pool, West.  
Driffe, pen.  
Duckpoole, strat.  
Dudman point, proved.  
Dulo, West.  
Dunacombe, strat.  
Dunhevid, alias East.  
Daunceston, East  
Dyzarde, les.    


E  
S. Earth, East.  
S. Eartham, pen.  
Edith Chapel, Trig.  
Edgcombe, East.  
Estorde, strat.  
Eglosaile, Trig.  
Egloskerry, East.  
Endellion, Trig.  
Enis, Kerry.  
Enedor, bid.  
Erme, proved.  
Erne, East.  
Ervan, bid.  
Ethy, West.  
Eva, proved.  
Evall, bid.    


F  
Fawey ●lu.  
Falmouth haven, proved.  
Fentongallon, proved.  
Feocke, proved.  
Forybery, Les.  
Foy Well, Les.  
FOYE, proved.  
Foye haven, West.  
Frisie, Kerry.    


G  
Garlyn, pen.  
Gennis, Les.  
S. Germane, East.  
Germow, Kerry.  
Gerrance, proved.  
Gillet, Les.  
Gluvyns, Kerry.  
Glyman, bid.  
Glynford, West.  
Gnarnack, proved.  
Godolphyn, Kerry.  
Godolphyn Hall, Ker.  
Golant, proved.  
Golden, proved.  
Goon hilly downs, Kerry.  
Golsury, pen.  
Grade, Kerry.  
GRAMPOUND, proved.  
Greston, East.  
Gudreny Isle, pen.  
Gulnall, pen.  
Gullrock, pen.  
Gunhaskyn, bid.  
Gunwalow, Kerry.  
Gunwallaw Mount, Kerry.  
Grendron, Kerry.  
S. Gurran, proved.  
Gwindrath Bay, proved.  
Gwinier, pen.  
Gwithion, pen.  
Gwyn Rock, proved.  
Gwynap, Kerry.    


H  
Hacton, East.  
Hal● Flu.  
Hall, West.  
Ham, strat.  
Harlyn, bid.  
Hay, East.  
Helegan, Trig.  
Helford Haven, Ker.  
Helland, Trig.  
Helland bridge, Trig.  
Hensbery▪ proved.  
Helset, Les.  
HELSTONE, Ker.  
Helstonford, East.  
Hillary, pen.  
Hilston, strat.  
Hinckons down, East.  
Hurlers, East.    


I  
Jacobstowe, strat.  
Ilcombe, strat.  
Illogan, pen.  
S. john's, Kerry.  
S. john's, East.  
S. Islac, bid.  
S. ITHIES, pen.  
S. Ithies' bay, pen.  
S. Ive, East.  
Kern Ivis, pen.  
S. Just▪ proved.  
S. Just, pen.    


K  
Karnusack, pen.  
S. Keave, west.  
Kellington, East.  
Kennegy, pen.  
Kenwyn, proved.  
Kergoe, bid.  
Kern bridge, East.  
Kernbray, pen.  
Kerneth, proved.  
Karnmargh Beacon, pen.  
Kernsew, Kerry.  
Kelstle, Kerry.  
Keswell, Trig.  
S. Keverne, Kerry.  
S. Kewe, Trig.  
Kibberd, bid.  
Kilguh, pen.  
Killiow, proved.  
Kilkamton, strat.  
Kiliegath, west.  
Killigrew▪ proved.  
Kilmarr, East.  
Kickleo, Ker.  
Kirthies, pen. Armed pen.  
Knight, pen.    


L  
Ladocke, proved. Uny pen.  
Lalant, pen.  
Lalant, pen.  
Lamchan, west  
Lamorram, proved.  
Lamornye point, pen.  
Labren, bid.  
Lanbrigan, bid.  
Ladew, East.  
Landewenak, Kerry.  
Landilpe, East.  
Land's end, pen.  
Lancaste, East.  
Langdon, strat.  
Langford, strat.  
Langhadern, proved.  
Lanhidrocke, bid.  
Lanivett, bid.  
Lanlyverrye, proved.  
Lanno, Trig.  
Lanrake, East.  
Lanrest, west.  
Lansarllos', west.  
Lanteglas, Les.  
Lanteglos, west.  
Lanwarnock, west.  
Lounce, proved.  
Launcells, strat.  
LAUNSTON, Ea.  
S. Laurence, Trig.  
Lawannicke, East.  
Lawhitton, East.  
Lawreth, west.  
Lee, strat.  
Lean Castle, East.  
Lelant, pen.  
Lepperry, bid.  
Lesante, East.  
Lesnewth, Les.  
Lesterman, proved.  
Levan, pen.  
Levethan, Trig.  
Lezante, ●ast.  
Lezard, Kerry.  
Lezard point, Kerry.  
Linkynhorne, East.  
Liver Flu.  
Looburg East, west.  
The Low, Kerry.  
Loo Flu.  
Low East, west.  
LOW West, west.  
Ludgnam, pen.  
Luggan, pen.  
Lugion, pen.  
Luland Isle, Trig. Port proved.  
Luny, proved.  
Luxulian, proved.  
LYSKERD, we.  
LYSTWITHIEL, proved.    


M  
Mabe, Kerry.  
S. Mabyn, Trig.  
Madern, pen.  
Madern, pen.  
Madern Well, pen.  
Magdalen Chapel. Kerry.  
Maker, East.  
Malader, proved.  
Manacka, Kerry.  
The Manacles, Ker.  
Maniton, East.  
Maning, strat.  
Markam Church, strat.  
MARKASIEW▪ pen.  
Martherderna, pen.  
S. martin's, west.  
Martin, Ker.  
S. Martin, west.  
Maugan, bid.  
Mawgan, Kerry.  
Mawla, pen.  
Mawnan, Kerry.  
The Mere, strat.  
Melocke, Les.  
S. Mellyn, East.  
Menchilly proved.  
Merin, bid.  
Merthen, Kerry.  
Merther, proved.  
Merther Uvy, Kerry.  
Mevagesie, proved.  
Meynamber, Kerry.  
Michael Chap, Trig.  
S. Michael's Chapel. pen.  
Michael, bid.  
Michael carheiss, proved.  
S. Michael's Isle, west.  
S. Michael's Mount, pen.  
S. michael's, proved.  
Michelstowe, Les.  
MILBROOKE, Ea.  
S. Minyer, Trig.  
Moares, Kerry. and proved.  
Moorekirslow, strat.  
Moran, proved.  
Moris, strat.  
Morva, pen.  
Morvall, west.  
Morvale, west.  
Morvath, pen.  
Mounts Bay, pen.  
MOUSHOLE, p.  
Mowan, proved.  
S. Mo●e, proved.  
S. Moscea, proved.  
Mudgian, Kerry.  
Mullian, Kerry.  
Myler Pools, Kerry.  
Mynheniott, East.  
minster, Les.    


N  
Nan's, pen.  
Nantgissallcove, pen.  
N●te point, Kerry.  
S Neott, west.  
Newbridge, East.  
Newhe●s, East.  
Newies, bid.  
Newlin, pen.  
Newlyn, bid.  
Newport, East.  
Newton, East.  
S. Nighton, west.  
Northill, East.  
Notterbridge, East.  
Norton, Strat.    


O  
Otterham, Les.    


P  
PADDESTOW, p.  
Padstow haven, bid.  
Passage, Kerry.  
Paulchurch, pen.  
Pawton, bid.  
Pedmandow, pen.  
Pellamontayne, bid.  
Pellees, bid.  
Pelyn, proved.  
Pelynt, west.  
Pencrek, west.  
Pender, pen.  
Pendenys, Kerry.  
Penden And, pen.  
Penden Vow, pen.  
Pendre, Trig.  
Pengersicke, Kerry.  
Pengwenyon point. Ker.  
Penhall, East.  
Penhall, Trig.  
Penhale, bid.  
Penkenell, proved.  
Penlene, Les.  
P●nlett point, East.  
Penpoint, Trig.  
Penro●, pen.  
Penros, Kerry.  
PENRYN, Ker.  
Pensand, Les.  
PENSANS, pen  
Penshere, Trig.  
Pensiguance, Kerry.  
Pentuan, proved.  
Pentuane, proved.  
Penuose, Trig.  
Penwarne, proved.  
Penwarren, Kerry.  
Peran in the Sands, bid.  
Peran Uthno, pen.  
Peram Arwothall, Ker.  
Peramthno, pen.  
Perose's, Trig.  
Petherick little, bid.  
Petherwyn South, East.  
Phillacke, pen.  
Philly, proved.  
Pill, proved.  
Pillaton, East.  
Pincheley, west.  
Plesh-bridge, East.  
Plinte, west.  
P●ffill, strat.  
Pokenhorn, pen.  
Polgrene, bid.  
Polharma, proved.  
Polkeries, proved.  
Polmere, proved.  
Polmarique, bid.  
Polnan, west.  
Polomawgon, west.  
Polperrye, west.  
Polruddon, proved.  
Polterworgy, Trig.  
Polwhele, proved.  
Ponallom, Les.  
Pond, East.  
Poole, East.  
Porkellyes, Kerry.  
Port Hiot, East.  
Portcuruo, pen.  
Portlunz, proved.  
Porthilly, Trig.  
Portillye, proved.  
Portissicke, Trig.  
Portkeveren Cove, Trig.  
Portlevan, Kerry.  
Portquyn, Trig.  
Poughill, strat.  
Pounstocke, Les.  
Predannor point, Kerry.  
Premadart, west.  
Pridiaux great, bid.  
Pridiaux herte, proved.  
Probus, proved.  
Pulsath, strat.  
S. Pynnock, west.    


Q  
Quethiock, East.    


R  
Rame, East.  
Rame head, East.  
Redruth, pen.  
Relubas, pen.  
Repryn, Trig.  
Rescosa, proved.  
Reskymer, Kerry.  
Roche, proved.  
The Rock, Kerry.  
Rosland, proved.  
Roskestall, pen.  
Rosmoran, pen.  
Rowtore, Trig.  
Royalton, bid.  
Ruan, bid.  
Ruan lanihorne, proved.  
Ruan little, Kerry.  
Ruan great, Kerry.  
Rudgwary●, East.  
Ruchaell Penkevill, proved.  
Ruscarrak, Trig.  
Ruscrew, Kerry.    


S  
SALTASH, East.  
Sancred, pen.  
S. Saviour's, bid.  
S. Saviour, west.  
Scales, pen.  
Senan, pen.  
Sener Castle, pen.  
Sheviocke, East.  
Shillingham, East.  
Sithny, Kerry.  
Skewes, Kerry.  
Skey, proved.  
Skyberio Kerry.  
Sleven, pen.  
Southill, East.  
Spargor, Ker.  
S. Stephens, East.  
S. Stephens in brannell, proved.  
Stithians, Ker.  
Stoke clyms●and, Ea.  
Stow, strat.  
STRATTON, strat.  
Stratton century, strat.  
Stuppert point, bid.  
Swanacole, strat.  
Sythy bay, west.    


T  
Talland, west.  
Talland point, west.  
Talvar, pen.  
Talvern, proved.  
Tamar Flu.  
Tamerton, Strat.  
Tamyll, Les.  
Tamsquyte, Trig.  
S. Teeth, Trig.  
Teluddy, pen.  
Temple, Trig.  
Terladinas, pen.  
Tewedneke, pen.  
Theram, Kerry.  
Ther●ck, proved.  
S. Thomas, East.  
Thurleber, Strat.  
Tintagell, Les.  
Tintagell Castle, Les.  
Tophowses, West.  
Toplendycon. Trig.  
Town, bid.  
Towyn, proved.  
Tragardon, proved.  
Trebasteall, Les.  
Trebe Ive, bid.  
Treberock, Trig.  
Trebigh, East.  
Treburget, Trig.  
Trecarrell, East.  
Tredegy, Les.  
Treduneck, bid.  
Tredruston, bid.  
Trefrew, strat.  
Trefusus, Ker.  
Tregarden, Trig.  
Tregare, proved.  
Treganethaw, proved.  
Tregadyan, proved.  
Tregarget, Trig.  
Tregenno, pen.  
Tregernon, Les.  
Tregonock, East.  
TREGONEY, pow.  
Tregonnon, proved.  
Tregoodock, East.  
Treguir, Trig.  
Tregull, East.  
Tregunnon, proved.  
Trehan, proved.  
Treharrew, Les.  
Treistick, proved.  
Trekeve, West.  
Trelasse, Trig.  
Trelaske, East.  
Trelauke, East.  
Trelawn, West.  
Trelawerren, Kerry.  
Trelisticke, bid.  
Trelovowith, proved.  
Tremalye, West.  
Trematon, East.  
Trembrose, Ker.  
Tremssy, bid.  
Tremene, East.  
Trenalgo, Les.  
Treneglos, Les.  
Trengove, West.  
Trenowth, proved.  
Trenowth, Bid.  
Trentwith, Pen.  
Treragger, Trig.  
Trerent, Pen.  
Trerise, Bid.  
Trerose's, Ker.  
Tresiliang bridge, Proved.  
Tresilian, Proved.  
Tresmere, Trig.  
Tresmere, East.  
Treso, Trig.  
Tresunger, Trig.  
Tresusus, ker.  
Treswithin, Pen.  
Tretallock, Bid.  
Tretheag Flu.  
Trothevy Stones, West.  
Trethilly, Proved.  
Trethune, Bid.  
Trethurse, Proved.  
Trevabees, kerry.  
Trevacus, Proved.  
Trevalgon, Pen.  
Trevalgy, Les.  
Trevasus, Proved.  
Trevegay, Trig.  
Treverne, Bid.  
Trevena, Bid.  
Trevena, Les.  
Trevenner, Bid.  
Trevera, Bid.  
Trevethock, kerry.  
Trevillet, Les.  
Trevill, Pen.  
Trevilleck, Proved.  
Trevins, kerry.  
Trevifly, Bid.  
Trevithick, Proved.  
Trevona, Proved.  
Trevoura, Bid.  
Trevonth, West.  
Trewardinock, Pow.  
Trewardreth Bay, Pow.  
Trewardreth▪ Proved.  
Trewargon, West.  
Trewathe, Bid.  
Trewen, East.  
Trewerveneth, Pen.  
Trewnard, Pen.  
Trevins, kerry.  
Trewino, Proved.  
Trewindle, Trig.  
Trewolfe, pen.  
Treworgan, proved.  
Treworgans', pen.  
Tremorgye, West.  
Trewothath, kerry.  
Trewullock, bid.  
Trewynon, bid.  
Trimguenton, pen.  
Trincow, bid.  
Trinity, proved.  
Trithall, kerry.  
TRURO, proved.  
S. Tudy, Trig.  
S. Tue, proved.  
Tuis, kerry.  
Twidnack▪ pen.  
Tyninghouse, West.    


V  
Valle Flu.  
S. Udye, Trig.  
S. Veepe, West.  
Vertian, proved.  
Ugboroe, Strat.  
Uvy, pen.    


W  
Wadefast, Strat.  
Warlegon, West.  
Warpstowe, Les.  
Week S. mary's, Strat.  
Wen, bid.  
WESTLOE, West.  
Westnarth, West.  
Whalsborow, Strat.  
Whitsand Bay, pen.  
Whitstone, Strat.  
Wicke, kerry.  
Windsor, bid.  
Withiall bid.  
Wotton, East.  
Wulston, Les.  
S. Winnow, West.  
Wynnyton, kerry.    


Z  
Zenor, pen.  
Zwallock, Trig.      

SUMMERSET-SHIRE is both a rich and spacious Country, having the Severne Sea beating upon it on the North-side, 
The bounds of Sommersetshire.  the South part bordering upon Devon and Dorsetshires, the West confined with Devon-shire, and the East and North-East upon Wilt-shire, and Gloucester-shire. It took the name of Sommerton (sometime the chief Town of this Shire) whence in the ancient Historian Asserius, this County is called Sommertunensis, that is, Sommortun-shire.  

The length.  (2) The form thereof is large, bearing itself still wider as it stretcheth into the middle part thereof, and contains in length from Brackley near unto Frome-Selwood Eastward, to Our in the West, Miles fifty five. In breadth from Porshut-point in the North, 
The breadth.  to Chard southward, is some what above forty miles. The whole circumference is about 204. miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is mild and pleasing, and for the most part subject to such temperate dispositions as the Summer season affordeth, whence some have erroneously conceited that the Region borrowed her name from the nature of her Clime: yet how delightful so ever it is in the time of Summer, with change of the season it may well change her pleasing name, and borrow some Winterly denomination; so full of wet, so miry and moorish it is; in so much as the Inhabitants can hardly travel to and fro without their great encumbrance.  

The Soil.  (4) How be it they pass over this with all patience, knowing their ensuing seasonable profits far to exceed any present detriments and displeasures: for as it is foul, so it is fruitful, which makes them comfort themselves with this Proverb, that What is worst for the Rider, is best for the abider: the Soil and Glebe thereof being very fertile, and every side garnished with Pastures and delightful Meadows, and beautified with Manor houses both many and fair; and (in a word) hath every thing in it to content the purse, the heart, the eye, at home: and sufficient Ports to give entertainment to Commodities from abroad.  

The Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants that possessed this Province were the Belgae, who spread themselves far and wide, aswell here as in Wilt-shire, and the inner parts of Hampshire; who being branched from the Germans, conferred the names of those places from whence they came, upon these their seats where they resided.  

Commodities.  (6) The general profits of this Province are Corn and Cattell, wherewith it is so plentifully stored as it may challenge any neighbouring Country for the quantity to make show of Cattle so fat, or Grain so rich. Some places are peculiarly enriched by Lead-mynes, 
Lead.  as Mindsphils, (perchance so called of the deep Ours) by Leiland aptly termed Minerarii, Mineral hills, which yield plenty of Lead, the most Merchantable commodity that is in England, and vented into all parts of the world. Some are beautified with Diamonds, 
Diamonds.  as Saint Vincent Rock, whereof there is great plenty, and so bright of colour, as they might equalise Indian Diamonds, if they had their hardness: yet being so many and so common, they are less sought after or commended.  

The chief Cities.  (7) This Country is famoused by three Cities, Bath, Wells, and Bristol. The first takes name of the hot Baths, which Antonine called Aquae Solis, The waters of the Sun; Stephanus, Badiza; we at this day Bath, and the Latinists Bathonia: a place of continual concourse for persons of all degrees, and almost of all diseases, (whence it was sometimes called Akeman cester) who by divine providence do very often find relief there, 
Bath once called Akemancester.  the Springs thereof by reason of their Mineral and sulphurous passage, being of such exceeding power and medicinable heat, as that they cure and conquer the rebellious stubbornness of corrupt humours, in respect of which admirable virtues some have fabled, that they were first conveyed by Magicke-Art. To testify the antiquity of this place, many Images and Roman Inscriptions are found in the walls, which can now be hardly read, they are so worn and eaten into by age. Wells (as Leiland reporteth) was sometimes called Theodorodunum, but from whence it had that denomination he makes no mention: 
Wells, once called Theodo●od●num.  The name it now beareth is taken (as some think) from the River there, which King Kinewulph in his Charter An. 766. calleth Welwe, or (as others) from the Wells or Springs which there break forth, and whereupon that See (under whose jurisdiction is also the City of bath) hath been anciently called Fontanensis Ecclesia, the Fountain Church: where the Cathedral built by King Inas to the memory of S. Andrew is very beautiful and richly endowed. The City is likewise well replenished both with Inhabitants and seemly buildings. 
The Magistracy of Web.  Whose government is managed by a Mayor yearly elected, a Recorder and seven Masters, having the assistance of sixteen Burgesses, a Town-clerk, and two Sergeants at Mace. Whose Latitude is 51.20. minutes, and Longitude 17.31. minutes. Bristol is not so ancient, 
Bristol.  as it is fair and well seated: The beauty of it being such, as for the bigness thereof, it scarce gives place to any City of England, and doth worthily deserve the Saxon name Bright-stad: whose pleasantness is the more, by reason that the River Avon scours through the midst of it, which together with the benefit of Sews under all the streets, clears the City of all noisome filth and uncleanness. It is not wholly seated in this County of Somerset, but one part thereof in Gloucestershire; but because it is an entire County of itself, it denies subjection unto either, having for its own government both a Bishop with a well furnished College, and a Mayor with a competent assistance of Aldermen, and other Officers for Civil affairs.  
(8) This Province hath been the Theatre of many Tragical events and bloody Battles: the Danes did grievously afflict Porlock by cruel Piracies, 
Porlocks.  in the year eight hundred eighty six. Yet near unto Pen a little village neighbouring upon North Cadbury, 
Battles.  Edmund surnamed Iron-side, gave them a notable foil, as he was pursuing Canutus from place to place, for usurping the Crown of England. And Keniwalch (a West Saxon) in the same place had such a day against the Britain's, that they ever after stood in awe of the English-Saxons prowess. Marianus relateth that not far from Bridge-water as the Danes were straggling abroad, 
Ealstane Bish. of Sherbourne.  Ealstan Bishop of Sherbourne did so foil their forces in the year 845. as their minds were much discomfited and their powers utterly disabled. Ninius also writeth that King Arthur did so defeat the English-Saxons in a battle at Cadbury, 
Arthur.  that it deserved to be made perpetuously memorable. Neither is Mons Badonicus (now Bannesdown) less famous for Arthur's victories. And King Elfred in another battle not far from hence gave the Danes such an overthrow as he forced them to submission, 
Godrus.  and induced Godrus their King to become a Christian, himself being Godfather to him at the Font. So happy is this Region, and so beholding to Nature and Art for her strengths and fortifications, as she hath always been able to defend herself and offend her enemies.  
(9) Neither hath it been less honoured with beauteous houses consecrated to Religion: 
Religious places.  such was that of Black-Chanons at Barelinch in the first limit of this Shire Westward: 
Barelinch.  and King Athelstan built a monastery in an Island called Muchelney (that is to say) the great Island, 
Muchelney.  which is between the River's jewel and Pedred, running together; where the defaced walls and ruins thereof are yet to be seen, King Henry the third also erected a Nunnery at Witham, 
Witham.  which was afterwards the first house of the Carthusian Monks in England, 
Hinton.  as Hinton not far off was the second. But above all other for antiquity, glory and beauty was the Abbey of Glastenbury, 
Glastenbury Abbey.  whose beginning is fetched even from joseph of Arimathea which Devi Bishop of S. David's repaired being fallen to ruin, and King Inas lastly builded a fair and stately Church in this Monastery, though it be now made even with the ground, the ruins only showing how great and magnificent a Seat it hath anciently been; which several houses were thus beautified by bounteous Princes, for religious purposes, and to retire the mind from worldly services, though blinded times and guides diverted them to superstitious and lewd abuses.  
(10) Other memorable places are these, 
Camalet.  Camalet a very steep hill hard to be ascended, which appears to have been a work of the Romans by divers Coins digged up there, on the top whereof are seen the lineaments of a large and ancient Castle, which the Inhabitants report to have been the Palace of King Arthur. 
Ilchester.  Ilechester, which at the coming of the Normans was so populous, that it had in it an hundred and seven Burgesses, and it appears to be of great antiquity by the Roman Caesar's Coins oftentimes found there. The Churchyard of Avalonia or Glassenbury, where King Arthur's Sepulchre was searched for by the command of King Henry the second, which was found under a stone, with an Inscription upon it fastened, almost nine foot in the ground. 
Dunstere.  Also Dunstere, where (as is reported) a great Lady obtained of her husband so much Pasture ground in common by the Towne-side, for the good and benefit of the Inhabitants, as she was able in a whole day to go about barefoot.  
This County is divided into 42. Hundreds for the disposing of business needful to the State thereof, 
The Counties division. Market Townes.  wherein are placed 33. Market-towns, fit for buying and selling, and other affairs of Commerce. It if fortified with four Castles, and planted with 385. Parishes, for concourse for Divine service, as is denoted in the Table following.   map of Somersetshire 
SOMERSETSHIRE Described: and into HUNDREDS divided, with the plot of the famous and most wholesome waters and city of the bath.  


HUNDREDS in Sommersetshire.  
1. CHewe.  
2. Chewton.  
3. Bathforme.  
4. Keynsham.  
5. Bruton.  
6. Cattesayshe.  
7. Norton Feriis.  
8. from.  
9 Wellow.  
10. Killmersdon.  
11. Glaston.  
12. Horethorne.  
13. Wells and Welford.  
14. Whitston.  
15. Taunton.  
16. North Curry.  
17. Milverton.  
18. Carhampton.  
19 Wylliton and Freemannor.  
20. Whitleigh.  
21. Cannington.  
22. North Petherton.  
23. Anderfield.  
24. Huntspil and Puriton.  
25. Abdicke.  
26. Bulston.  
27. Kingsbury.  
28. South Petherton.  
29. Crewkerne.  
30. Sommorton.  
31. Pitney.  
32. Stone.  
33. Tintinhull.  
34. Hundsborough.  
35. Berwick.  
36. Coker.  
37. Martock.  
38. Winterstoake.  
39 Portbury.  
40. Bempston.  
41. Brent.  
42. Hartcliffe, and Bedminster.   


A  
Abbottelye, Abdick.  
Abbas comb, H●r●thor.  
Arisholt, Cannington.  
Alford, Cats.  
Alfoxton, Wylli.  
Adber of Barwich hun. Hore.  
Alhampton, W●●t.  
Allerford, Carnal.  
Allerton, C●mp.  
Almersworthy, Car.  
Almisford, Cart's.  
Alson mary's, Bemp.  
Angellsey, Taunt.  
Anthony, Sommer.  
Apitcombe, Cats.  
Ashbrittell, Melver.  
Ashcott, What.  
Ashholt, Canning.  
Ashe, Marteck.  
Ashton, Whitol.  
Ashwick, Killmer.  
Ashhill, A●deck.  
Ashington, Stone.  
Auler, Sommer.  
Audremore, Whitle.  
Aveland Island, Glas.  
Audre, Wh●tle.  
Avon, flu. Port.  
AXBRIDGE, Wint.  
Axe flu. Bemp.    


B  
Babington, Killmer.  
Babcarye, Cats.  
Baddesworth, Wint.  
Baddleton, Milver.  
West Bagbarrowe, Taunt.  
Balsborow, Glas.  
Balsborowwood, Glas.  
Bandrip, North-P●.  
Banwell, Wint.  
B●rle flu Carham.  
Ba●kly, from.  
Barton. North.  
Berwick, Berwick.  
South Barrow, Cats.  
Barrow, Bed.  
Barrington, South. P●.  
North Barrow, Cats.  
Bastian bridge, Whitle.  
Batcombe, Whit.  
Bathford, Bath.  
Bathweek. Bath.  
BATH CITY, Bath.  
Hatch Beauchampe, Bath.  
Beckington, from.  
Bedminster, Bed.  
Beer, Canning.  
Billinton, Keyn.  
Benager, Killmer.  
Barrington of Brent hundred, Wint.  
Berrough, Brent.  
South Brent. Brent.  
Bicknaller, Wyllit.  
Bickneell, Abdick.  
Bilsham, Bemp.  
Bingham, Coker.  
Bishopton, Tin●in.  
Bisport, Bed.  
Bittescombe, Wyllit.  
Blackford, W●it●e.  
Blackford, Bemp.  
Blackford, Car.  
Blackdon, Wint.  
Blagdon, Taunt.  
Blackwell, B●d.  
Bleydon, Wint.  
Boncaston, Bath.  
Bosington, Carham.  
Bowe●, North Pet.  
Bradford, Taunt.  
Bradley, Whit.  
Bradley, Glas.  
North Bradon, Abdick.  
South Bradon, Bulst.  
Brain, Bemp.  
Brenham, Brut.  
Brent Marsh, Brem. and Widow  
East Brent. Brent.  
West Brent, Brent.  
Bowbridge, Hound.  
BRIDGEWATER, Nor.  
Brimpton, Stone.  
Brislington, Keyn.  
BRISTOL a City.  
Brockley of Cheweton hund. Bed.  
Brockley, Chew.  
Brodway of Abdick hund. Sou. P●.  
Brodweldon, Bed.  
Browne, Carham.  
Burham, Brut.  
Brumfield, Andros.  
Brumpton Raffe Wyllit.  
Kings Brumpton, Wyllit.  
BRUTON, Brut.  
West Buckland of North Cu. hundred, Milver.  
Buckland, Kell.  
Buckland fee, North P●●.  
Buckland mary, Bulst.  
Burcombe lodge, Brut.  
Burcot, Welles.  
Burland, Taunt.  
Burnham, Bemp.  
Burnet, Keyn.  
Burtle-house, Whitle.  
Burton, Cats.  
Burton, Bed.  
Bushforde, Wyllit.  
Butcombe, Bed.  
Butley, Whitle.    


C  
South Cadbu●y, Cats.  
North Cadbury, Cats.  
Comely, Chewton.  
West Camel. Summer.  
Cameleke Castle, H●●e.  
Queen's CAMEL, Cats.  
Cammerton, Wella.  
CANESHAM, Keyn.  
Camington, Canning.  
Castle Caree Cats.  
Little Carew, Sommer.  
Carhampton, Carham.  
Carisitzpain, Whitl.  
Cast, ●r●me.  
Castlelleary, Cats.  
Catcott, 〈◊〉.  
Cathern, Bath.  
Cathange●, Wyllit.  
Chafcomb, South-Pet.  
CHARRED, King.  
Chardland, King.  
Charsinch, North-Pet.  
Charlton Canuill, Hert.  
Charleton, Keyn.  
Charleton musgrove, Norton.  
Charlecombe, C●●●.  
West Charleton, Whit.  
East Charleton, S●mmer.  
Charterhouse, K●ll.  
Charterhouse, Wint.  
Chedder, Wint.  
Chedder Rock, Wint.  
Cheddon, Taunt.  
Chedsey, North-pet.  
Chellington, South-pet  
Chelton, Whitle.  
Chelworth, Keyn.  
Cheriton, H●re.  
Chesterblade, Wells.  
Cheveley of Chewton hun. Pod.  
Chewton Canesham, Keyn.  
Cheweton, Clawton.  
Chewstock Chew.  
Chilcompton, Chew.  
Chilton of Barwick hun. Hor.  
Chilton, Canning.  
Chilton, North-pet.  
Chilton d●mmer, Stone  
East Chinock, Hound.  
Middle Chinock, Hound.  
West Chinock, Hound.  
Chipstable, Wylli.  
Chiston, Wint.  
Chue flu. Chew.  
Bishops Chue Chew.  
Churchland, Bemp.  
Churchill, Wint.  
Chuton meudip. Chew.  
Clatworthy, Wyllit.  
Clauford, Fr●me.  
Claverton, Chew.  
Clausworth, Coker.  
Old Cleve, Wyllit.  
Clevedon, Port.  
Cliverdon, Brus.  
Clopton, Port.  
Clutton, Chew.  
Coat, Martock.  
West Coker, Coker.  
East Coker, Coker.  
Coldhenton.  
Cole, Brut.  
Coalpits, Killmer.  
Combe, Wyllit.  
Temple Combe, Hore.  
Combe, Wyllit.  
Comb S. Nicholas, King●.  
Combe, Bath.  
Combe●iory, Taunt.  
Combehay, W●ll●.  
Compton, Ca●tes.  
Compton David, Keyn.  
Compton dund●, W●●tl.  
Compton Paunsford, Cats.  
Compton Martin, Chew.  
Compton Bishops, Wint.  
Comwindge, Canning.  
Congresbury, Wint.  
Cross, Taunt.  
Coripoole, Canning.  
Corson, Well●.  
Corton, Hore.  
Coston, Bath.  
Cothleton, Taunt.  
Coxley, Wells.  
Coyldoe, North-Pet.  
West Cranmer, Wells.  
East Cranmer, Kill.  
Creech, A●der.  
Cricket Malherb, Bulston.  
Crokampil, Port.  
Bear Crockham, Abd.  
Crockham Brickham, Wylli.  
Crockham Studley. Wyllit.  
CROKETHORN, Cro.  
Crockscombe, W●●t.  
Crycket Thomas, Southp.  
Cucklington, Norton.  
Cudworth, Southp.  
Culbone, Carham.  
Cumpton, Whit.  
East Curry, North Cur.  
Curry Mallet, Abdick.  
Curry Load, North Cur.  
Curryvivell, Bulston.  
Cussington & Wint.  
Cush●ish, Taunt.  
Custoke, Wint.  
Cutcombe, Carham.  
Chysselborough, H●u.    


D  
East Daulish, Abdick.  
S Decombs, Wyllit.  
Denison, North-Pet.  
Dichiat, Wnit.  
Dinder, Wells.  
Doddington, Wyllit.  
Dolish wake, Southp.  
Domett of Abdick hund. Southp.  
Donington, Southp.  
Donyford, Wyllit.  
Doulting, Wint.  
Down end, North-P.  
Downhead, Whit.  
Drayton, ●ulston.  
Duddleston, Taunt.  
Dulcot, Welle.  
DULVERTON, Wylli.  
Dundrye, Chew.  
Dunkerton, Wyllit.  
DUNSTER, Carham.  
Duniet, K●ll.  
Durborrow, Whit.  
Durlay, Anderf.  
Durston, North-Pet.  
Dypford, Taunt.    


E  
Easton, Wells.  
Easton, Chewton.  
Easton, in gordon, Port.  
Eton, Wint.  
Eddington, Canning.  
Edington, Whitl.  
Edstoke, Canning.  
Egarley, Glas.  
Elline, from.  
Eline, from.  
Elworthy, Wyllit.  
Enborrow, Chewton.  
Enmore, Auderf.  
Estreat, Glas.  
Everiche, Wells.  
Everiche lodge, Whit.  
Evilton, Sommer.  
EVIL, Stone.  
Ex flu. Carham.  
Exmore, Carham.  
Exford, Carham.  
Erton, Wyllit.    


F  
Farley castle, Willo.  
Farmbero, Keyn.  
Farrenton, Chewton.  
Fayland, Port.  
Felton, Bed.  
Fiddwicke, Taunt.  
Fifehead, Bulston.  
Fillwood park, Chewt.  
Fitzheard, North cur.  
Fostock, Wello.  
Frary, Kill.  
Freshord, Bath.  
from flu, Kill.  
from Selwood. from.  
North Fulford, Taunt.  
South Fulford, Taunt.  
Furlong, Crew.    


G  
Gablington, Taunt.  
Gedney more, Bemp.  
Ged●ey, Glas.  
George's, well, Taunt.  
S. George, Port.  
GLASTONBURY. Glast.  
Gotehurst. Anderf.  
Gothill, Ho●ethorne.  
Greenham, Mil.  
Greenware, Chewton.  
Gregory took, Somm.  
Gre●nton, W●●l.    


H  
Haddon beacon, Wyllit.  
Half, Wyllit.  
Priours Halsh, North Cur  
Halwaye, Wyllit.  
Halton, Whitl.  
Halton, Norton.  
Hamden Hill. Tintinh.  
Hampton, C●ewt.  
Hampton, Bath.  
Hamure, North Pet.  
Hankfield, Chew.  
Hardington, Coker.  
East Harptrie, Wint.  
Hartlack bridge, Glast.  
West Harfry, Chewton.  
East Hartrye, Wint.  
Haselbeare, Hound.  
Haslingrove, Cats.  
Hastorcombe, Taunt.  
West Hach. North Cur.  
Hawkridge, Wyllis.  
Heale, Taunt.  
Hergrove, North Pet.  
Hemington, Kill.  
Hendeland, Taunt.  
Henford Martravers, Stone.  
Henstridge, H●r●t●rne.  
Henton, Martock.  
Henton S. George, Crawk.  
Henton Bluet, Chewt.  
Henton, Well.  
Hetchpen, Brut.  
Heth more, Whitl.  
Hethfield, Taunt.  
Hewish, King.  
Hewish, Cr●w.  
Hewish Campstowe, Wylli.  
High bridge, Whitl.  
Hillbishop, Taunt.  
Higham, W●●st.  
Hilfarencie, Taunt.  
Hillhouse, Kill.  
Hinish, Went.  
Hobbs passage, Brent.  
Hockumbe, Taunt.  
Holcomb, Kill.  
Hollford Coursley, Taunt.  
Hollford, W●i●l.  
Hollwaye, Taunt.  
Holwall, Horethorne.  
Honiberie, Wylli●.  
Honiwecke, Brut.  
Hornblawton, Whit  
West Hortington, Wells.  
Horsey, North P●●.  
Horsington, Horeth.  
Houlford, Taunt.  
Houlford in Taunt hun. Wyllis.  
Hungrode, Port.  
Huntley, Stone.  
HNNSPILL, North p.  
Huntworth, North pet.  
Hurst, Martock.  
Hurcott, Sommer.  
Hutton, Wi●●.  
Hynton, Kill.  
Hythe, Wint.    


I  
S. james, Taunt.  
Ilbrue●, Balston.  
ILCHE●TER of Tintinhul hundred. Mar.  
I'll bear, Taunt.  
ILMISTER, Abdick.  
Ilton, Abdick.  
Ilton park, Abdick.  
Inglescombe, Welle.  
Ivithorme, Whi●●●.    


K  
Kelweston, Bath.  
Kenne, Wint.  
Killeston, North Curry.  
Killnterstone, Kill.  
Killntington Norton.  
Killton, Wyllis.  
Kilue, Wyllis.  
Kaingeston, Taunt.  
Kingston, Wint.  
Kingston, Tinting.  
Kingston, Abdick.  
Kingston, Chewton.  
Kingston of Chewton ●un. Bed.  
Kingsbury, Horethorn.  
Kingsbury, King.  
Kingsdon, Sommer.  
Kingswood, Wint.  
Kineton, Casses.  
Kingweston, Casses.  
Kittesford, Milver.  
Knape, North cury.  
Knights●e, Taunt.  
Knighton, Chew.  
Knowle, Chew.  
Knowle, Pitney.  
Knowle, South pet.  
Kyllesdon, North cu●.  
Kymeton, Horethorne.    


L  
Lambroke, King.  
Lamyat, Whit.  
Langford bonduile, Pitney.  
LANGPORT, Pitney.  
Langridge, Wylli●.  
Landgredge, Bath.  
Laverton, from.  
Launesdon, Bath.  
Laurence Liddeard, Taunt.  
Lee, Taunt.  
Leeflory, Taunt.  
Leigh, South pet.  
Leighland, Will. & Fr●  
Lidford Pouncherton, Taun  
East Lidford, Cat.  
West Lidford, Cat.  
Bishops LIDDIARD, North  
Ligh under Mendip, Kill.  
Ligh Abbeys, Pet.  
Listocke, Wylli●.  
Littletoo, Sommer.  
Littleton, Chew.  
Litton, Wells.  
Locking, Wint.  
Locuston, Wint.  
Lodlhinshe, Wyllit.  
Longlande, Martock.  
Longham, Sommer.  
Longashton, Bed.  
Lopen, South per.  
Lotsham, Whi●  
Lovington, Ca●●es.  
West Luccombe, Cath.  
Lullington, from.  
Luston, Tintinth.  
Luxborough, everet, Ca●●.  
East Lydfo●d, Som.  
Lie, Port.  
Lym●●sham, Brent.  
Lymmington, Stone.  
Lying, Anderf.    


M  
Maksbury, Keyn.  
Mapetton, Ca●●es.  
Margaret● thorn, Milver.  
Ma●y Magdalen, Taunt.  
Mark, Bomp.  
Marsh, Stone.  
Broader Marston, Horethorn.  
MARTOCK, Mart.  
Meatepoole, Glas.  
Meare, Glas.  
Mells, Kill.  
Mendip hi●●, Wells.  
Merston Bygot, from.  
Meryfield, Abdiok.  
Meryott, C●ow.  
Midsummer Norton. Ch●w●s.  
Michael's Burro, Somm.  
Michaelchurch, North p.  
Middlesey, W●●●l.  
Milborne, Hore●h.  
Milton, Woitl.  
Milton, Brut.  
Milton, Wells.  
MILVERTON, Milver.  
Milverton manner, Mil The Mineries, Wels.  
Moor, Bomp.  
North More, Sommer.  
Morlinch, Whitl.  
West Mouckton, Whi●l.  
Mouckton, Taunt.  
Mounte●ut, Tintint●.  
Mounck silver, Wylli●.  
Muckney, Pitney.  
Muchenay Island. Pitney.  
Murfo●d, St●●e.  
milan, Taunt.  
Mylton, M●rtock.  
Mynchead, Taunt.  
MYNHEAD, C●●ham.  
Mylterton, Crew.    


N  
Naylesborowe, Taunt.  
Naylesay, B●d.  
Nemnet, Chewton.  
Neroch forest, Abdick.  
Netherham, Wylli●.  
Nettlecombe, Wyllit.  
West Newton. North pet.  
Newton, S. Lowe, Well●.  
Newton Court, Well●.  
Newton placy, Wyllit.  
North cury, North cur.  
Northover of Tintinhull hundred. Mart.  
Norchelme, Chew.  
Northlord, Glas.  
Norton, Chew.  
Norton, Hound.  
Norton, Taunt.  
Norton Malt●ward. C●●w.  
Norton Ferru, Norton.  
Nunnye▪ F●ome.  
Nyland hill, Wells.  
Nynhead, Taunt.    


O  
Obridge, Taunt.  
Odcombe, Hound.  
Oak, Taunt.  
Orchard, Taunt.  
Orchard, Canning.  
Orchardly, from.  
Orche●ly, from.  
Othill, Crew.  
Otterford, Taunt.  
Otterhampton, Canning.  
Ottersey, South pet.  
Ou●e, Carham.    


P  
Parrot flu, North pet.  
North Parrot, Hound.  
Poulton, Chewton.  
Paulett, North pet.  
Pempereles bridge, Glas.  
Pen, Norton-F●r.  
Pendomer, Coker.  
West Pennard, Glas.  
East Pennard, Whit.  
PENSFORD, Chew.  
Pencil wood, Norton.  
Pery bridge of Brent hund. Wint.  
Peryton North pet.  
Petherton park, North p.  
North Petherton, North p.  
South PETHERTON, Sout.  
Pharmborrow, Keyn.  
PHILIPSNORTON, K  
Pit comb, Brut.  
Pixton, Taunt.  
Plainsfield, Canning.  
Pockington, Bulston.  
Polsham, Glas.  
Porlocke, Ca●ham.  
Porlock bay, Ca●ham.  
Portshut, Port.  
Portshut, point, Porth.  
Portbury, Port.  
Poundstord, Taunt.  
Poyntingten, Horeth.  
Preston, Stone.  
Preston, K●●n.  
Preston bowger, Wylli●.  
Priddy, Welt.  
Publow, Keyn.  
Puckston, Wint.  
Puddimore, Whatl.  
Pull, Whit.  
Pulton, Whit.  
Putland S. Graftrose, Taunt.  
Pyll-bridge, Marteck.  
Pytney, Sommer.  
Pytney, Pitney.  
Pytmister, Taunt.    


Q  
Queen's more, Whitl.  
East Quantoxhead, Wylli●.  
West Quantonhead, Wyllit.  
Quantoke h●ls, Wylli●.    


R  
Raddon, from.  
Radnestock, Walt.  
Radstock, Kill.  
Ragilbury, ●od.  
Ramwell, Taunt.  
S. Ra●e hill, C●●w.  
Reddington, Wylli●.  
Redlynch, Brut.  
Ratcliffe, Wint.  
Roade, from.  
Rodway, Canning.  
Rokesbridge, ●ro●●.  
Rownam passage, Bed.  
Rowberrowe, Wint.  
Runton, Milver.  
Ryston, Taunt.    


S  
Salford, Keyn.  
Samford, Milv●r.  
Samford, North pet.  
Samfordorcias', Hereth.  
Samford Bre●, Wylli●.  
Seaborough, Crew.  
Sevedge more, Whitl.  
Segemore, Glas.  
Selwood forest, Brut.  
Sevington abbot. southp.  
Sevington michael, south.  
Sevington marry, south p.  
Seymour, Ch●w●on.  
Shapwick, Whitl.  
Sharpham park, Whitl.  
SHEPTON maller, whit.  
Shepholm Island, Brent.  
Shepton Montague, Norton.  
Shepton Beauchamp, South p.  
Sherston, North p.  
Sheselborough, Hund.  
Shipham, Wint.  
Shurton, Canning.  
Siddington, Canning.  
Skilgate, Wylli●.  
Smaldon wood, Wi●t.  
SOMMERTON, Somm.  
Sommerton early, Somm.  
Southarpe, South pe●.  
Sparkford, Cats.  
Spaxton, Canning.  
Stafferdel, Norton.  
Standerweek, from.  
Stanton prior, Keyn.  
Stanton drew, Keyn.  
Staple, Abd●ck.  
Stapleton, Mart●ck.  
Staplegrove, Taunt.  
Stathe, North cury.  
Staughleigh, Milver.  
Stocklinche Magdaline, Abdi.  
Stert point, Canning.  
Stocklinch, Abdick.  
Stoford, Berwick.  
Stognusey, Canning.  
Stokeland, Kill.  
Stoke under hamden, Tint.  
Stoke pero, Carham.  
Stoke giffard, Wint.  
Stoke garsey, Canning.  
South Stoke, Bath.  
North Stoke, Bath.  
Stoke marry, Taunt.  
Stoke, Norton.  
Stoke, North pet.  
Stoke gomer, Wyllit.  
Stokeland marsh, Ca●.  
Stone Chapel, Whit.  
Stonca●ton, Chew.  
Stowell, Whitl.  
Stowe, Chew.  
Over Stowley, Wyllis.  
Nether Stowley, Wyllit.  
Stowey, Chew.  
Stowell, Heresh.  
Stratton in Vo●swey, Kil  
Streat, South pet.  
Streat, Whitle.  
Strenixton, Canning.  
Over Strotton, South pet.  
Suit pile, Wint.  
Sutton, Chew.  
Sutton, Cats.  
Sutton Coker.  
Sutton mallet, Whitle.  
Long Sutton, Sommer.  
Swansweeke, Bulston.  
Swill, Bulston.    


T  
TAUNTON, Taunt.  
Teltford, Walt.  
Thorney bridge, King.  
Thorn, Martock.  
Thornfawken, North cur.  
Thrubwell, Keyn.  
Thurloxton, North p.  
Thurlebare, North p.  
Tintinhull, Tintin.  
Tobridge, Taunt.  
Tolland, Taunt.  
Tone flu, Milver.  
The Tor, Glas.  
The Tor, Tin.  
Tornock, Bemp.  
Walks Tower, Pet.  
Treboro, Wyllit.  
South Trendle, Taunt.  
North Trendle, Taunt.  
Trent, Horeshorne.  
Trister, Norton.  
Trull, North cur.  
Tuckerton, North pet.  
Trummer, Horethorne.  
Twyverton, Wells.  
Tycknam, P●●.  
Tymberscombe, Ca●●.  
Tymsborow, Chew.    


V  
Vbleigh, Chew.  
Vphill, Wint.  
Vpton, Wyllit.  
Vpton noble, Brut.    


W  
WATCH●T, Wyllit.  
Walton, Por.  
Walton park, Port.  
Walton, Whitle.  
Walls, from.  
Wanstrow, from.  
Wanstraw, Brut.  
Wayford, Chew.  
Wedmore, Bemp.  
Laurence Week, Whit.  
Week, Canning.  
WELLS City, Wels.  
Wellesford, Milver.  
WELLINGTON of north carry hund. M.  
Wello, Wello.  
Welton, Chew.  
Wemdon, North p.  
Weten. Summer.  
We●e, Bemp.  
WESTON, Wittl.  
Weston, Cats.  
Weston, Pe●.  
Weston upon Mare, Wint.  
Westbury, Well-tried.  
Westcombe, Well-tried.  
Westholme, Glas.  
Wethihill, Wyllis.  
Whatlye, from.  
Wheathill, Whitl.  
Whitstanton, south p.  
Whitnell, Whit.  
Whit lackington, Abd.  
Whitchurch, Wolt.  
Whitchurch, Keyn.  
Wicke, Brut.  
Wigden, Stone.  
Wicke, Wolt.  
Willitton, Wyllit.  
Wilmerston, K●yn.  
Wilton, Taunt.  
WINCAUNTON. M●●.  
Winesford, Wyllit.  
Winford, Bed.  
Winscombe, Wint.  
Winsham, King.  
Witcome, Bath.  
Witcombe, Martock.  
Witcombe, Chewton.  
Witham, Kill.  
Withcombe, Carh.  
Withipoole, Wyllit.  
Withihill, Taunt.  
WIVESCOMB, north  
West Woodland, from.  
East Woodland, from.  
Woodland, Taunt.  
Woodspring, Wint.  
Wooky, Wilt.  
Wooky hole, Wilt.  
Wolcot, Bath.  
Wollavington, Whit.  
Wolloigh, Bath.  
Wolmarston, North p.  
Wolmyston, Crew.  
Wolverton, from.  
Wotton, Whit.  
Wotton courtney, Carham.  
Woorle, Wint.  
Worminster, Wolt.  
South Wotton, Whist.  
North Wotton, Glas.  
Wraxall, Per.  
Wrentage, North cur.  
Wriggleton, Kill.  
Wrington of Brent hundred. Wint.  
Wyke, Bru●.    


Y  
Yarcombe, north Taunt  
Yardley, Wells  
Yearlington, Brut.  
Yenston, Horethorne.      


The ancient name of this Shire.  WILLT-SHIRE, in the ancient English-Saxons written Wilsetta, is enclosed upon the North with Gloucester-shire, upon the East is bounded with Berkshire, upon the South with Dorset and Hamp-shire, and upon the West is confronted against partly by Gloucester, and the rest by Somerset-shires.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is both long and broad; for from Inglesham upon Thamesis in the North, to Burgat Damarum in the South, are thirtie-nine miles; the broadest part is from Buttermer Eastward, to the Shire-stones in the West, being twenty-nine; the whole in circumference is one hundred, thirty-nine miles.  

The Air.  (3) For air, it is seated in a temperate Climate, both sweet, pleasant, and wholesome; and for soil (saith john of Sarisbury) is exceeding fertile and plentiful, 
In his Polcraticon.  yea, and that with variety.  

North-Wilt-shire.  (4) The Northern part, which they call North-Wilt-shire, riseth up into delectable hills, attired with large woods, and watered with clear Rivers, whereof Isis is one, which soon becometh the most famous in the Land. The South part is more even, yielding abundantly grass and corn, and is made the more fruitful by the Rivers Wily, Adder, and Avon. The midst of this County is most plain, 
Salesburie Plains.  and thereby is known and commonly called Salesbury-Plaines; and lie so level indeed, that it doth limit the Horizon: for hardly can a man see from the one side to the other. These Plains graze an infinite number of sheep, whose fleeces and flesh bring in an yearly revenue to their owners.  

The ancient people.  (5) Anciently this County was possessed by the Belgae, who are seated by Ptolemy in Hamp-shire, Somerset-shire, and in this Tract; and they (as it seemeth by Caesar) were of the Belgae in Gaul. These (as some hold) were subdued by Vespasian, 
Vespasian Lieutenant under Claudius.  Lieutenant of the second Legion under Claudius, when the foundations of his future greatness were in these parts first laid by his many victories over the Britain's. And herein surely the Romans seated; for besides Yanesburie Trench, 
Yanesbury Trench.  by tradition held to be his, in many other Forts in this Shire the Tract of their footing hath been left, and the stamped Coins of their Emperors found, an apparent testimony of their abode.  

Westsaxons possessors of this Shir●.  (6) After them the Westsaxons made it a part of their Kingdom, whose border was Avon, as witnesseth Athelward, though the Mercians many times encroached upon them, whereby many great battles, as Malmsbury tells us, betwixt them were fought, when in the young years of their Heptarchy each sought to enlarge his, by the lessening of the next: but grown unto more ripeness, they assigned their limits by a great and long ditch crossing thorough the midst of these Plains, which for the wonder thereof is supposed by the vulgar to be the work of the Devil, and is called of all, Wansdike, 
Wansdike.  undoubtedly of Woden, the Saxons Ancestor and great reputed God, where a little village yet standeth, and retaineth to name Wodensburg. 
Wodensburg. King Ceaulin.  At this place, in Anno 590. Ceaulin the West-Saxon, received such a foil of the Britain's, and his Countrymen, that he was forced to forsake his Kingdom, and to end his days in exile, becoming a pitiful spectacle even unto his enemies. And in this place Ina the West-Saxon joined Battle with Ceolred the Mercian, 
King Ina.  whence both of them departed with equal loss. The like was at Bradford by Kenilwach and Cuthred; at Wilton, betwixt Egbert and Beornwolfe; 
King Elfred.  at Edindon, where K. Elfred was vanquisher of the Danes; and at Wilton, where the Danes won the day against him. With as bloody success, though not happening by sword, was the issue of the Synod assembled at Calne a small Town in this County, 
Calne. A Synod about the marriages of the Clergy.  in the year of Christ Jesus 977. where being hotly debating for the single life, and against the marriages of the Clergy, what wanted by the Word to prove their divorce, was supplied by a Stratagem, 
A pitiful mishap.  and that very bloody; for suddenly the main timber broke, and down fell the floor with the Nobles and Prelates, the Gentlemen and Commons, whereby a great number were hurt, and many more slain; 
Dunstan Precedent  only Dunstan the Precedent and mouth for the Monks, escaped untouched, the Joist whereon his chair stood remaining most firm: which confirmed the sentence of their separations, whom God had conjoined, and became the fall and snare of much incontinency in both sexes.  
(7) The chiefest City of this Shire is Salesbury, 
Salesburie the chief Town.  removed from a higher, but a far more convenient place; whose want of water was not so great in the mother, as is supplied and replenished in the daughter, every street almost having a River running thorough her midst; and for sumptuous and delicate buildings, is inferior to none. The Cathedral, 
The Cathedral Church.  a most rich magnificent Church, was begun by Richard Poor, Bishop, and with forty years, continuance was raised to her perfect beauty: wherein are as many windows as there are days in the year, as many cast pillars of marble as there are hours in the year, and as many gates for entrance as there are months in the year. Neither doth this City retain true honour to herself, but imparteth hers, and receiveth honour from others who are entitled Earls of Salesbury, whereof eight noble Families have been dignified since the Normans Conquest, and now is enjoyed by that most wise and loyal Counsellor Robert Cecil, 
The Earl of Salesburie.  Lord high Treasurer of England, and the worthy Patron of the place whereof myself am a member. This City's situation is in the degree of Latitude 51.10. minntes, and from the first West point observed by Mercator, 18. degrees and 31. minutes of Longitude.  
(8) Over this, old Salesbury showeth itself, 
Old Salesbury Ann. 553. Ann. 1003.  where Kenrik overcame the Britain's, and where Canutus the Dane did great dammge by fire. This formerly had been the seat of the Romans: as likewise was Lecham, 
Lecham.  as by their Coins digged up is apparent: so were Brokenbridge and Cosham, 
Brokenbridge. Cosham.  the Courts of the Saxon Kings. But Fortune long since hath turned her face from all these, as lately she did from many ancient and religious foundations planted in this Province, whereof Malmesbury was the most famous. I will not with Monmouth avouch the foundation thereof unto Mulmutius, 
Maidulph a learned man.  but by true records from Maidulph a Scot, a man of great learning, that therein built a Cell, and led an Hermit's life, whereof Beda calleth it the City of Maidulph, and we by contraction, Malmsbury. Adelme his disciple and successor, 
Adelme.  built here a fair Monastery, which Athelstan the Monarch richly endowed, and left his body after death there to rest. Neither hath any graced this more than William her Monk, 
William of Malmesburie.  in recording to posterities the Chronicles of our Land, concerning both the Church and Commonweal, wherein himself and wrote those Histories.  
(9) Ambresbury for repute did second this, 
Ambresburie.  built by Alfritha, King Edgar his wife, to expiate the sin of murder which she committed upon young Edward her son in Law, that hers might be King. In this place Queen Eleanor, 
Qu. Eleanor.  widow to King Henry the third, renounced all royal pomp, and devoted herself unto God in the habit of a Nun. Other places erected for piety, 
Places of Religion.  were at Salesburie, Lacock, Stanlege, Wilton, Ivichurch, Farnleg, Bradstocke, Briopune, and Bromhore. These grafts grown to full greatness, were cut down by the Pruner, lest the Cankers thereof should infect the whole body (as by them was alleged) and their Revenues bestowed upon far better uses, 


Castles.  
1. Malmesbury.  
2. Castlecombe.  
3. Lacock.  
4. The devizes.  
5. Lurgishall.  
6. Wardar cast.  
7. Salesburie.  
8. Marlingsborow.    both for the bringing up of youth, and the maintenance of estate.  
(10) With eight strong Castles this County hath been guarded; in nineteen Market-towns her Commodities are traded: into twenty-nine Hundreds for business is divided, and in them are seated three hundred and four Parish-Churches.   map of Wiltshire 
WILTSHIRE  


HUNDREDS in Wilt-shire.  
1. HIghworth.  
2. Malmsbury.  
3. Kingsbridge.  
4. Damerham north.  
5 Chippenham.  
6. Pottern.  
7. Calne.  
8. Sel●ley.  
9 Ramsbury.  
10 Kinwarston.  
11. Elstube.  
12. Swanborne.  
13. Melkesham.  
14. Bradford.  
15. Whorwelsdowne  
16. Westbury.  
17. Warmister.  
18. Haresbury.  
19 Branch.  
20. Amesbury.  
21. Vnderditch.  
22. Alderburie.  
23. Frustfeild.  
24. Downton.  
25. Cawden.  
26. Da●worth.  
27. Dametham south.  
28. Mere.  
29. Chalk.   


A  
Abbotston, Frus.  
Ablington, Ame.  
Abury, Se●k.  
Allcanning, swan.  
Aldburne ●ha●e, Ram.  
Alderburye, Ald.  
Alderborne cha●e, selk.  
Alderston, Frust.  
Alderton, Chip.  
Allington, Pot.  
Allyngton, Ames.  
Alton, Ames.  
Alton barns, swan.  
Alverston, Chalk.  
Allworth, Brad.  
AMBERSBURY, Am●s.  
Amesbury little, ames.  
S. Ann's hill, Cal.  
Ansley Dau.  
Ashlay Malm.  
Ashlington, swan.  
Ashton gifford, Hare.  
Ashton keynes, High.  
Ashton west, Whor.  
Steple Ashton, Whor.  
Aston, Elst.  
Aston, Mal.  
Atford, Chip.  
AUBURNE, Ram.  
Avon, Dam.  
Avon flu.  
Axford.    


B  
Baberstoke, Caw.  
Badbury hill, Ram.  
Badhampton, Bran.  
Badhampton, Hare.  
Bagdon hill, Pot.  
Bapton, War.  
Barbury hill selk.  
Barforde, Caw.  
Berwick basset, Cal.  
Baycliffe Hare.  
Baydon, Ram.  
Baynton Whor.  
Beach. Ames.  
Beckhampton, selk.  
The Beacon hill Dam.  
Bedborough, Pot.  
Bedwin great, Kin.  
Bedwin little, Kin.  
Bemerton, Bran.  
Bemmerton, Vnd.  
Benecaz, Melk.  
Berwick S. James, Bran.  
Berwick S. leonard's, Dau.  
Berwick S. john's, Chalk.  
Birtford, Caw  
Bishopstrove, War.  
Birchamstock, swan.  
Black heath, Blan.  
Blunsdon broad, High.  
Blackmore forest.  
Blunsdon S. Andrew's, High.  
Boreham, War.  
Borton, Pot.  
Boscombe, ames.  
Botnam, Down.  
Bowdon park, Chip.  
Box, Chip.  
Boyton, Hare.  
Bremble, Chip.  
Bradfeild, Mal.  
BRADFORD, Brad.  
Bradley North, Whor.  
Malden Bradley, Mer.  
Bradon forest, high.  
Bratton, West.  
Brembleham, Mal.  
Brenkworth, Mal.  
Brigmilston, ames.  
Brixton deverell, hare.  
Brokenborowe, Mal.  
Brooke, West.  
Broughton, Brad.  
Brumhall, Swan.  
Burkington, Mel.  
Buckland, Cal.  
Buckminster, ames.  
Bulford, ames.  
Bupton, Pot.  
Burbiche, Kin.  
Burcombe South, Caw.  
Burcombe North, Bran.  
Burchalke, Caw.  
Burdrop, Kin.  
Burg●t damarum, Caw.  
Burtford, ald.  
Burthall, Chal.  
Burton hill, Mal.  
Bury Blunsdon, high.  
Bushopston, Ram.  
Bushton, Elst.  
Buttermere, Kin.  
Bydston, Chip.  
Bynol, Kin.  
Byshopston, Down.    


C  
Cadnam house, Dam.  
CALNE, call.  
Calston, call.  
Calwayes houses, Dam.  
canning's bishops, Pot.  
Castle Eton, high.  
CASTLECOMBE, Ch.  
Catcombe, selk.  
Chaddenton, Kin.  
Chaldfeild, brad.  
Broad Chalk, chalk.  
Burchalke, chalk.  
Chalk, chalk.  
Chapmanslade, West.  
The Chapel of Plaster, chip.  
Charlton, swan.  
Charleton, Down.  
Charlton, Mal.  
Charleton, Dau.  
Charnhamstreet, Kin.  
Chawdenwich, Mer.  
Chekesgrove, Dau  
Chelterington, ames.  
Chelsworth, high.  
Cherrington, swan.  
Cherroll, call.  
Cheselbury, Elst.  
Chevril little, swan.  
Chevril great, swan.  
Chicklat, Dau.  
Chickletridge, Dau.  
Chilhampton, Bran.  
Chilmarke, Dau.  
Chilternes, hare.  
Chilton folliot, Kin.  
CHIPNAM, chip.  
Chiselton, Kin.  
Chittwaye, Pot.  
Choldrington, ames.  
Cholson, ames.  
Christ malford, Dam.  
Chut, Kin.  
Chut forest, Kin.  
Clack, Dam.  
Claringdon park, Ald.  
Clatford, Selk.  
Clay hill, War.  
The Clear, Brad.  
Cleve, Pot.  
Cleverton, Mal.  
Cleeve pepper, Kin.  
Coat, Pot.  
Codfords, hare.  
Collerne Chip.  
Collingborne, Kin.  
Collingborn dukes, elst.  
Combe basset, Caw.  
Comerwell, Brad.  
Compton, ames.  
Compton basset, call.  
Compton chamberlain, D. south  
Conocke, swan.  
Corlington, hare.  
Corston, Mal.  
Cosley little, War.  
Cosley great, War.  
Cossam, Chip.  
Coulston, Whor.  
Cowsfeild, Frust.  
CREKELADE, high.  
Crokwood, Pot.  
Croston, Kin.  
Crudwell, Mal.  
Compton, caw.    


D  
Leigh Dallamore, chip.  
Damerham, Dam. S.  
Dantsey Mal.  
West Deane, Ald.  
Deven, Bran.  
Deverell kingston, Dam S.  
Deverell langbridge, Dam. S.  
Munkston Deverell Dam.  
Hill Deverell, hare.  
Brixton Deverell hare.  
DEVIZES, swan.  
Dichbridge, chip.  
Diddingham, ames.  
Didmeton, chip.  
Dilton, War.  
Ditton Dau.  
Over Donet, chalk.  
Nether Donet, chalk.  
Downton east, Down.  
Downton church, Down.  
Dracot, swan.  
Draycott cerne, Mal.  
Great Drenford, Vnd.  
Little Drenford, Vnd.  
Dricote, Ram.  
Duncton, Downe.  
Dunhed, Dau.  
Durnford, ames.  
Durrington, ames.    


E  
East Everley Elst.  
Eastmanstret, call.  
Easton, Kin.  
Easton, Pot.  
Eastongrey, chip.  
Eastrop, high.  
Ebbesborne wake, chalk.  
Echilhamton, swan.  
Eddington, Whor.  
Elcombe, Kin.  
Elston, bran.  
Enforde, elst.  
Estcot, high.  
Estcot, swan.  
East Everley, Elst.  
Ostrich, Ram.  
West Everley, Elst.  
Everley warren, of hares, Elst.  
Evilston, Bran.    


F  
Fallersdon, Down.  
Mouckton Farleigh, Brad.  
Farley, Ald.  
Farley hill, ames.  
Fastbury, Kin.  
Faston, Kin.  
Fifeild, Elst.  
Fighilton, ames.  
Fitherton, Warm.  
Fisherton, Bran.  
Fittleton, Elst.  
Flamston Down.  
Flittenberston, Down.  
Ford, Kin.  
Fovant, caw.  
Foxley, Mal.  
Fresden, high.  
Froxfeild, Kin.  
Funtell gifford Dau.  
Funtill bishops, Mer.  
Fyfeild, selk.    


G  
Garsdon, Mal.  
Grafton west Kin.  
Grafton east, Kin.  
The Green, swan.  
Greenham, Kin.  
Grinsteed west, Ald.  
Grinsteed east, Ald.  
Grittleton, Dam.  
Groveley wood, Dau.  
Grundwell, high.  
Gumbledon, Ald.    


H  
Haiston, Dau.  
Ham, Elst.  
Ham, Kin.  
Hampton nether, Caw.  
Hampton turvyle, Hi.  
Hamston, high.  
Langford Hanging, Bran.  
Hankerton, Mal.  
Hankeridge, West.  
Hannington, high.  
Haradon hill, ames.  
Harding, Kin.  
Haresbury, hare.  
Harnam east, caw.  
Harnam west, caw.  
Hartham, chip.  
Hatch, Dau.  
Haselbury, chip.  
Nether Haven, Elst.  
Up Haven, swan.  
Haxton, Elst.  
Heddington, call.  
Heldropp, Ram.  
Helmerton, Kin.  
Hewishe, swan.  
Heighwaye, Pot.  
HIGHWORTH, H.  
Hilperton, Mel.  
Hinton, Mer.  
Hinshe, swan.  
Hinton broad, selk.  
Hinton hatch, ames.  
Hinton Odes, ames.  
Hinton pipard, ames.  
Holt, Brad.  
Horningsham, hare.  
Horton, Pot.  
Houlston, Elst.  
Hulcott swan.  
Hullavington, Mal.  
Hunnington, caw.  
Hynton, Ram.    


I  
Idford, Ald.  
Idmerston, Ald.  
Idover bridge, Mal.  
Iford, Brad.  
Iford, Elst.  
Imbar, hare.  
Ingesham, high.  
Isey, high.  
Ivichurch, Ald.    


K  
Kemble, Mal.  
Kennet flu.  
Kennet west, selk.  
Kennet east, selk.  
Kevyll, Whor.  
Keaton Keynell, chip.  
West Keynton, chip.  
Keyton S. michael's, Dam.  
King's manner, ald.  
Kingswood, chip.  
Kington, Down.  
Kingtons' ash, caw.  
Knahill Bishop●, Mer.  
Knahill east, Mer.  
Knahill west, Mer.  
Knuk, hare.    


L  
Lacock, chip.  
Lake, Vnd.  
Langley burrell, chip.  
Langford little, Bran.  
Steple Langford, Bran.  
Langford, Fru.  
Latton, high.  
Laverstoke, ald.  
MARKET LAVINGTON, swan.  
Lavington Bishop, Pot.  
Lea, Mal.  
Lea, high.  
Lekham, chip.  
Liddiard treygove, Kin.  
Liddiard North, high.  
Lighe, Brad.  
Lighe, West.  
Linecoton, Brad.  
Littlecote, Ram.  
Littleton, Whor.  
Littleton, swan.  
Littleton drew, chip.  
Lockering, selk.  
Longford, sal.  
Long let, bare.  
Longnewton, Mal.  
Luckington, chip.  
Luddington, Kin.  
Ludwell, chalk.  
Lurgeshall, ames.  
Lushall, high.  
Lycham, Kin.  
Lynt, high.    


M  
Maddenton, Bran.  
MALMESBURY, Malm.  
Sutton Manfeild, caw.  
Mannyngford, swan.  
Mannyngford Abbots, swan.  
Mannyngford crucis, swan.  
MARLINGSBOROE, selk.  
The Ma●sh, West.  
Marston south, high.  
Marten, Dam. south.  
Martenfall hill. swan.  
S. Martin, caw.  
Marton, selk.  
Martin, Kin.  
Maston, Pot.  
Melkesam, Melk.  
Merden, swan.  
MERE, Mer.  
Merston measey, high.  
Middenhall, selk.  
Milborne, Mal.  
Milsham, Brad.  
Milston, ames.  
Milton, Kin.  
Mounton, Brad.  
Munckton, call.  
Deverell Munckton, Dam. S.  
Mylford, Vnd.  
Myntye, Mal.    


N  
Nettleton, Dam.  
Newton south, Bran.  
Newton Toney, ames.  
Long Newton, Mal.  
Newenton, swan.  
Normanton, ames.  
Norridge, War.  
Norryngton, chalk.  
Norton, hare.  
Norton, Mal.  
Norton bovant, War.  
Nuneaton high.  
Nunton, Down.  
Nusteed, Pot.    


O  
Odstoke, caw.  
Ogborne S. George, selk.  
Ogborne S. Andrew, selk.  
Oke●●y, Mal.  
Oldbury hill, selk.  
Orcheston S. George, hare.  
Orstons' S. mary's, Bran.  
Overton, Kin.  
Overton east, Elst.  
Overton west, selk.    


P  
The little Park, Kin.  
Patney standeth in Canning Hund.  
Penligh, West.  
Pertwood, War.  
Pewsey, Kin.  
Pewsham forest, chip.  
Pinnells, Pot.  
Pitton, ald.  
Platford, ald.  
Preshut, selk.  
Poole canes, Mal.  
Porton, ald.  
Poternewood, Pot.  
Pottern Pot.  
Poulshot, Melk.  
Powlton, high.  
Putton, high.    


Q  
Queen's lodge, ald.  
Quaere, caw.    


R  
Ramsbury, Ram.  
The Rey flu.  
Rodborne, high.  
Rodborne, Mal.  
Rokeley, selk.  
Rowdon mounten, chi.  
Rowden, swan.  
Rowley, Brad.  
Ruchesen. ames.  
Rundwaye, Pot.  
Rustis●ll, swan.    


S  
Salesbury Plaine, Bran. sal.  
SALESBURY.  
Old Salisbury, ald.  
Salthorp, Kin.  
Savernake forest, selk.  
Sedghyll. Dau.  
Seen, Melk.  
Segarye, Mal.  
Semble, chalk.  
Seven hampton, high.  
Sevington, Whor.  
Shalborne, Kin.  
Sharnecote, high.  
Sharston, chip.  
Shawe, Mel.  
Sheperidge little, ames.  
Sheperidge great, ames.  
Sherington, hare.  
Sherington, Bran.  
Sherston pinckney, chip.  
Sheston great, chip.  
Sherstones', chip.  
Shrawton, Bran.  
Upton Skidmore, War.  
Slangtenford, chip.  
Smalebrook, War.  
Spy, Mel.  
Somerford little, Mal.  
Somerford great, Mal.  
Somerford keynes, H.  
S●pworth, chip.  
Southweeke, Whor.  
Stanley nethermore, chip.  
Stanton, Melk.  
Stanton Quinton, Mal.  
Stapleford, Bran.  
Staunton barnard, swan.  
Staunton, high.  
Staverton, Mel.  
Stock, call.  
Stocktod. Elst.  
Stoell, Elst.  
Stoke Kin.  
Stoke, Whor.  
Stoke, Brad.  
Stoke carl M●l.  
Stoke vereme, chalk.  
Stoketon, War.  
Stonhenge, Vnd.  
Stoneley, Frus.  
Studley. call.  
Stratford common, Vnd.  
Stratford dean, Vnd.  
Strattong S. Margaret's, Hi.  
Streat, swan.  
Fenny Stretford, Down.  
Stutton, M●re.  
Sutton benger, Mal.  
Sutton little, War.  
Sutton great, War.  
Swallow cliff, Dau.  
Swindon, Kin.    


T  
Nether Tesunt, Dau.  
Over Tesunt. Dau.  
Tesunt great, War.  
Tetherton lucas, chip.  
Tidworth north, ames.  
Tilbury, Dau.  
Tinhead, Whor.  
Titcombe, Kin.  
Thamesis flu.  
Thetherington, har.  
Tokenham, Kin.  
Tollard Royal, chal.  
Troll, Brad.  
TRUBRIDGE, Mel.  
North Tudworth, Elst.  
Tylshead, Bran.    


V  
Vasterne, Kin.  
Uicot, Kin.  
Ug●ord, caw.  
Upton lovell, hare.  
Urchef●nt, swan.    


W  
Wanborowe, Kin.  
Warder castle, Dau.  
Warmister, War.  
Week, Mel.  
Week, Down.  
Week Pot.  
Weekley, Bran.  
Welton, Caw.  
WESBURY, West.  
Westropp, high.  
Westwood, Elst.  
Westwood, Brad.  
Westwel●owe, ames.  
Wexcombe, Kin.  
Whaddon, ald.  
Whaddon. Melk.  
Whelpley Frus.  
Whethampton swan.  
Which●ury, Caw.  
Whitchurch, ald.  
Whitchliffe, hare.  
Whitteley Mel.  
Whitteley house.  
Whittenditch, Ram.  
Widhill, high.  
Wilcot, swan.  
Willeybourne flu.  
Wilsford, swan.  
Wilsford. Vnd.  
Wilton, Bran.  
Wilton, Kin.  
Winckfeild, Brad.  
Winsley, Brad.  
Winterbourne mount●n, selk.  
Winterborn Stocks, B.  
Winterborn basset, S.  
Winterborn gunner, ald.  
Winterborn Larles, ald.  
Winterflow East, ames.  
Wimerflow West,  
Winterflow daunt●sey, ald.  
Winton little, Elst.  
Wishford great, Bran.  
Wishford, Bran.  
Wivesford, Dau.  
Wooddenton, swan.  
Woodborowe swan.  
Woodford little, Vnd.  
Woodford great, Vnd.  
Woodland Mer.  
Woodland Ram.  
Woodshawe, Kin.  
Woore, swan.  
Worton, Pot.  
Wotton rivers Kin.  
WOTTON BASSET, Kin.  
South Wraxall, Brad.  
North Wraxall, Chip.  
Wroughton, Kin.  
Wroughton, Elst.  
Wulfall, Kin.  
Wyly, War.  
Wyly flu.    


Y  
Yatesbury, Cal.    


Z  
Zeals, Mer.      

BERKSHIRE, by the English Saxons written Berrocscyre, 
The ancient name.  whether of the Boxwoods there sited, according to the censure of Asserius Menevensis, or from a naked and bearelesse Oke-tree, whereunto the people usually resorted in troublesome times, to confer for the State, I determine not: only the County a long time hath been so called, 
The bounds.  and bounded with other in manner as followeth: The North-part is parted by Thamisis from Buckingham and Oxford shires; the South near Kennet doth tract upon Hampshire; the East is confined with the County of Surrey; and the West with Wiltshire and Gloucestershire is held in.  
(2) The form of this Shire doth somewhat resemble a Sandal for a man's foot, 
The form.  lying longwise from East to West, in which part she is broadest, the middle most narrow, and then spreading wider like to the heel: though for her rich endowments and stately magnificence it may well be accounted the heart of the whole.  
(3) The length thereof from Inglesham in the West, 
The measure.  to old Windsor in the East, extendeth unto forty miles; from Inkpen to Wightham, the broadest part from South to North are twenty four; the whole in circumference, about one hundred and twenty.  
(4) The Air is temperate, 
The Air.  sweet, and delightful, and prospect for pleasure inferior to none; the Soil is plenteous of Corn, especially in the Vale of White-horse, that yieldeth yearly an admirable increase. In a word, for Corn and Cattle, Waters and Woods, of profit and pleasure, it gives place unto none.  
(5) Her ancient Inhabitants, 
The ancient Inhabitants.  by Ptolemy and Caesar, were the Attrebatii, and them of those that descended from Gallia, among whom Comius (conquered by the Dictator) was of good respect, and could do much with the Britain's, who (as Frontinus reporteth) used this stratagem, though it proved nothing at last: he flying before Caesar to recover aid of these Attrebatians, 
Frontinus.  light bedded upon a shelf in the Sea, whereupon hoisting his sails as before a fore-wind, gave show to his pursuer that they were in swift flight; so that hopeless to hail them, he gave over the chase: yet no sooner had Caesar made over among them, 
Caes. commons. lib. 5.  but that some of these people, by name the 
* The Inhabitants of Braye Hundred in the East of this Shire.  Bibroces, yielded him subjection, which proved the ruin of all former liberty. But when the Romans had rend their own Empire, and retired their Legion into a narrower circuit, the Saxons set foot where their forces had been, and made this County a parcel of their Western Kingdom.  

An. D. 866.  The Danes then setting their desire upon spoils, from their roving Pinnaces pierced into these parts, & at Redding fortified themselves betwixt the rivers Kennet and Thamisis, 
Asserius. Redding the chief Town.  whither after their great overthrow received at Inglefeild by the hand of King Ethelwolfe, they retired for their further safety.  

Henry the first built Redding.  (6) This Town King Henry the first most stately beautified with a rich Monastery and strong Castle, where, in the Collegiate Church of the Abbey, himself and Queen (who lay both veiled and crowned) with their daughter Maud the Empress, called the Lady of England, were interred, as the private History of the place avoucheth, though others bestow the bodies of these two Queens elsewhere. The Castle King Henry the second razed to the ground, 
Henry the second razed Redding.  because it was the refuge for the followers of King Stephen. 
The Graduation.  From whence the North-Pole is raised in Latitude 51. degrees and 40. minutes, and in Longitude from the first West-point observed by Mercator 19 degrees and 35. minutes.  

Wallingford.  (7) A Castle and Town of greater strength and antiquity was Wallingford, by Antonine and Ptolemie called Gallena, the chiefest City of the Attrebatians, whose large circuit, and strong fortifications, show plainly, that it was a place of the Romans abode, and since in a conceived safety hath made many very bold, especially when the sparks of England's civil dissensions were forced to flame in case of the Crown, betwixt Maud the Empress and King Stephen, whither herself and associates resorted as their surest defence.  
(8) But of far greater magnificence and state is the Castle of Windsor, 
Windsor.  a most Princely Palace, and Mansion of his Majesty. I will not with jeffrey affirm it to be built by King Arthur, but with better authority say, 
William the Conqueror compounded for Windsor.  it was so thirsted after by the Conqueror, that by a composition with the Abbot of Westminster, whose then it was, he made it to be the King's Possession, as a place besides the pleasures, very commodious to entertain the King. 
An. D. 1312.  In this Castle that victorious Prince K. Edward the third was born; and herein after he had subdued the French and Scots, held he at one and the same time, as his Prisoners, john King of France, and David K. of Scotland. Neither was it ever graced with greater Majesty, then by the institution of the most honourable Order of the Garter, 
The Institution of the most honourable Order of the Garter.  a signal Ornament of Martial Prowess: the invention thereof some ascribe to be from a Garter falling from his Queen, or rather from loan Countess of Salisbury, a Lady of an incomparable beauty, as she danced before him, whereat the bystanders smiling, he gave the impress to check all evil conceits, and in golden Letters embellished the Garter with this French Poesy, HON I SOIT QVI MALY PENSE. And yet that worthy Clarenceaux alleging the book of the first institution, finds the invention to be more ancient, as when King Richard the first warred against the Turks, Saracens, Cypress, and Acon, he girt the legs of certain choice Knights with a attach of leather, which promised a future glory to the wearers. The most Princely Chapel thereof is graced with the bodies of those two great Kings, 
Henry the sixth. Edward the Fourth.  Henry the sixth, and Edward the fourth, whom the whole Kingdom was too little to contain, the one of Lancaster, the other of York, where they rest now united in one mould, with a branch of both those Houses, even King Henry the Eight who there lieth also interred, 
Hen. the Eight.  and rests in the Lord.  
(9) Other places of note in this Shire are Sinodum in the North, 
Sinodum.  and Watham in the East, 
Watham.  both of them places of the Romans residence, as by their Monies there oftentimes found appeareth. 
Sunning.  Neither was Sunning the least in this Tract, that had been the Seat of eight Bishops before the See was translated thence unto Shirburne, 
Shirburne. Wantage.  or that to Salisbury. Wantage also is not wanting of honour, in bringing to life that learned and most valiant King Ealfred, the scourge of the Danes, 
Finchamsted.  and great Monarch of the English. And Finchhamsted for wonder inferior to none, where (as our Writers do witness) that in the year a thousand one hundred, 
john St●w.  a Well boiled up with streams of blood, and fifteen days together continued that spring, whose waters made red all others where they came, to the great amazement of the beholders.  
(10) The riches and sweet seats that this County affordeth, 
The commodities of this Shire.  made many devout persons to show their devotions unto true piety, in erecting places for God's divine service, and their exemptions from all worldly business: such were Abington, Redding, Bisham, Bromehall, Henly, Hamme, and Wallingford, 
The devotions of the people.  whose Votaries abusing the intents of their Founders, overthrew both their own Orders and places of professions; all which were dissolved by Act of Parliament, and given the King to dispose at his will.  
This Shires division is into twenty Hundreds, 
The division of this Sh●re.  and hath been strengthened with six strong Castles, is yet graced with three of his Majesty's most Princely Houses, and traded with twelve Market-Towns, and is replenished with one hundred and forty Parish-Churches, all whose names are further inserted in the Table following.   map of Berkshire 
BERKSHIRE DESCRIBED  


HUNDREDS In BERKSHIRE.  
1. HOrmer.  
2. Ganfeild.  
3. Farrington.  
4. Shrivenham.  
5. Wanting.  
6. Compton.  
7. Morton.  
8. Lamborne.  
9 Fairecrosse.  
10. Theale.  
11. Reading.  
12. Charleton.  
13. Sonning.  
14. Wargrove.  
15. Barnerlhe.  
16. Braye.  
17. Ripplemore.  
18. Cookham.  
19 Oak.  
20. Kentbury.   


A  
ABINGTON, Hor.  
Aldermerston, Theale.  
Aldworth, Compt.  
Apleford, Oak.  
Apleton, Oak.  
Arberfeild, Son.  
Ardington, Want.  
Ashamsteed, Mort.  
Ashbury, Shri.  
Aston upthorpe, Mor.  
Aston tirrold, Mort.  
Avington, Kent.    


B  
Bagnor, Fair.  
Balking, Shriu.  
Barkham, Charl.  
Barrington, Far.  
Barton, Hor.  
Basselden, Mort.  
Bayworth, Hor.  
Benham vale, Kent.  
Berneham, Read.  
Blesselslighe, Hor.  
Biddon, Fair.  
Billingesbere, War.  
Bisham, Ber.  
Blubery, Read.  
Borton, Shriu.  
Botley, Hor.  
Bourshill, Hor.  
Boxford, Fair.  
Bradfeild, Theale.  
Braye, Braye.  
Bright walton, Fair.  
Brightwell, Mort.  
Brimpton, Fair.  
Buckland Gan.  
Bucklebury, Read.  
Burfield, Theale.  
Burwesket, Shriu.  
Bynfeild, Cook.    


C  
Calcot, Kent.  
Catmer, Kent.  
Chaddleworth, Kent.  
Chalie, Hor.  
Chalow west, Kent.  
Charlton, Want.  
Charney, Gan.  
Chaulsey, Mort.  
Cheveley, Fair.  
Childry, Want.  
Chilton, Compt.  
Chilswell, Hor.  
Cholsey, Read.  
Churchspene, Read.  
Cleworth, Rip.  
Clopcott, Mort.  
Colleshull, Shriu.  
Cookeha●, Cook.  
Compton, Compt.  
Compton, Shriu.  
Cothy Flu.  
Coxwell little, Far.  
Coxwell great, Far.  
Cuckhamsley hill, Compt.  
Cumner, Hor.    


D  
Demyston Castle, Fair.  
Denchworth south, Want.  
Donnington, Fair.  
Draiton, Oak.  
Draycott more, Oak.  
Dudcot, Mort.    


E  
Early, Charl.  
Easthamsted, Rip.  
Eton, Oak.  
Edington, Kent.  
Enborne, Kent.    


F  
Falley, Kent.  
fallow, Shriu.  
FARRINGDON, Far.  
Farrington little, Far.  
Farnebrough, Compt.  
Fernisham, Shriu.  
Frilford, Oak.  
Frilsham, Fair.  
Fyfeild, Oak.  
Fynchamsted, Char.    


G  
Garford, Oak.  
Garfton east, Lam.  
Ging east, Want.  
Goosey, Oak.  
Grampond, Hor.  
Greenham, Fair.  
Grove, Want.    


H  
Hagborne east, Mort.  
Hagborne west, Mort.  
Hampsted morryes, Fair.  
Lech Hampsted, Fair.  
Hams west, Want.  
Hams east, Want.  
Hamsted marshal, Kent.  
Hanney east, Oak.  
Hardwell, Shriu.  
Heartily Donnex, Theale.  
Harwell, Mort.  
Hatford, Gan.  
Hendred east, Read.  
Hendred west, Want.  
Hendred east, Want.  
Hillend, Hor.  
Hincksey Laurence, Hor.  
Hincksey south, Hor.  
Hinton, Gan.  
Hobcot, Kent.  
HUNGERFORD, Kent.  
Hurley, Ber.  
Hurst, Son.    


I  
Ilsley west, Compt.  
ILSLEYEAST, Compt.  
Inglefeild, Theale.  
Inglisham, Fa.  
Inkpen, Kent.  
S. john's bridge, Far.  
Isbury, Lam.    


K  
Kinburye, Kent.  
Kingston bagpuze, Oak.  
Kingston on lile, Shriu.  
Kennet Flu.  
Kennington, Hor.  
Knight-bridge, Fair.    


L  
LAMBORNE, Lam.  
Langford, Far.  
Letcombe kings, Kent.  
Letcombe basset, Kent.  
Leverton, Kent.  
Littleworth, Shriu.  
Locking west, Want.  
Locking east, Want.  
Loddon bridge, Son.  
Loddon Flu.  
Longcot, Shriu.  
Longworth, Gan.  
Lyford, Oak.    


M  
MADENHEAD, Bray.  
Marcham, Oak.  
Markney, Mort.  
Martlefton, Fair.  
Mershall, Kent.  
Midgham, Fair.  
Mifton, Oak.  
Mortimer wookfeild, Theale.  
Morton north, Mort.  
Morton south, Mort.  
Moulsforb, Mort.    


N  
NEWBERRY, Fair.  
New bridge, Oak.  
Norcott, Hor.    


O  
Oak Flu.  
OKINGHAM, Son.  
Hour Chappel, Fair.    


P  
Padworth, Theale.  
Pangborne, Read.  
Peysmore, Fair.  
Purley, Theale.  
Pusay, Gan.    


R  
Radcott bridge, Farring.  
Radley, Hor.  
READING, Read.  
Remneham, Bern.  
Ruscombe, Son.    


S  
Sandensoe, Kent.  
Sandford, Hor.  
Sandhurst, Son.  
Satwell, Mort.  
Shallington, Gan.  
Shattesbrooke, Ber.  
Shawborne, Kent.  
Shawe, Fair.  
Shelford great, Lamb.  
Shelford little, Kent.  
Shellingford, Gan.  
Shilton, Far.  
Shinfeild, Charl.  
Shipton, Hor.  
Shrivenham, Shriu.  
Silham, Theale.  
Slancler, Shriu.  
Sonnyngwell, Hor.  
Spersholt, Want.  
Spene, Fair.  
Spinhamland, Fair.  
Stanford, Gan.  
Stanford dingbie, Fair.  
Steads, Theale.  
Steventon, Oak.  
Stretley, Mort.  
Strand, Hor.  
Sulhamsted bannester, Theale.  
Sulthamsted Abbots, R.  
Suning, Son.  
Sunninghall, Cook.  
Sutham, Theale.  
Sutton courtney, Oak.  
Swallowfeild, Theale.    


T  
Thatcham, Read.  
Thele, Theale.  
Thorp, Hor.  
Trup, Shriu.  
Twyfort, War.  
Tydmershe, Theale.  
Tylehurst, Read.    


V  
The Vale of Whitehorse, Shriu.  
Vffington, Shriu.  
Vpton, Mort.  
Vstone, Theale.    


W  
Wadley, Shriu.  
WALLINGFORD, Mor.  
Waltham Laurence, War.  
Whit Waltham, Ber.  
WANTAGE, Want.  
Warfield, War.  
Wargrove, War.  
Watchfeild, Shriu.  
Wasinge, Fair.  
Welford, Fair.  
Westbroke, Kent.  
Whetston, Tynes.  
Whisley in hur'st, Charl.  
Whitley, Hor.  
Whitley, Read.  
Whitehorse hill, Shriu.  
Wickham, Kent.  
WINDSOR, Rip.  
Windsor park, Rip.  
Windsor forest, Rip.  
Old Windsor, Rip.  
Winckfield, Rip.  
Winterborne, Fair.  
Witham, Hor.  
Witley park, Charl.  
Witnham little, Oak.  
Witnham long, Oak.  
Wolston, Shriu.  
Woodhay, Kent.  
Woodspene, Fair.  
Woolley, Kent.  
Woolhampton, Theale.  
Wotton, Hor.  
Wiversley in hur'st, Son.    


Y  
Yattington, Fair.      

MIDDLESEX, so called in regard of the situation, as seated betwixt the Westsaxons and East-Angles was sometimes, together with Essex and Hartfordshire, that part and portion which the East-Saxons enjoyed for their Kingdom: it lieth bordered upon the North, with Hartfordshire; upon the West by Colne, is severed from Buckingham; the South, by Thamesis, from Surrey & Kent; and on the East from Essex, by the River Lea.  

The length.  (2) The length thereof extened from Stratford in the East, to Morehall upon C●lne in the West, is by measure nineteen English miles; and from South-mines in the North, to his Majesty's Manor of Hampton-Court in the South, are little above sixteen miles, the whole circumference extending to ninety.  

The form.  (3) In form it is almost square, for air passing temperate, for soil abundantly fertile, and for pasturage and grain of all kinds, yielding the best, so that the Wheat of this County hath served a long time for the Manchet to our Prince's Table.  
(4) It lieth seated in a vale most wholesome & rich, having some hills also, and them of good ascent from whose tops the prospect of the wholeis seen like unto Zoar in Egypt, 
Gen. 14.10.  or rather like a Paradise & Garaen of God.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants known to Cae●ar, were the Trinobants, whom he nameth to be the most puissant in the Land; whose chief City and State yielding him subjection, 
Caesar's Com.  made the whole, with less loss to the Romans, to bear the yoke of their own bondage; and to come in undertermes of truce. But when their forces in these parts were spent, and the Empire shaken by intestine wars, the Saxons setting their eyes upon so fair a soil, made their footing as sure herein; which lastly with Hartford & Essex, was the portion of the East-Saxons Kingdom.  

Five princely houses in this Shire.  (6) Five princely houses, inheritable to the English crown, are seated in this shire, which are Enfie●d, Hanworth, Whitehall, S. james, & Hampton Court a city rather in show then the Palace of a Prince, & for stately Port & gorgeous building, not inferior to any in Europe At Thistleworth once stood the Palace of Richard K. of the ●●mans, E. of Cornwall, which the Londoners in a tumultuous broil, burned to the ground: many other stately houses of our English N●b●tty Knights, & gentlemen, as also of the worshipful citizens of Lon●● are in this shire so sumptuously built & pleasantly seated, as the like in the like circuit are no where else to be found. near unto Thamesis entrance into this County, 
Beda hist Aug. lib. 8. cap. 2.  is kept the remembrance of Caesar's entrance over Th●mesis by the name of Coway stakes, stuck fast in the bottom to impeach his designs; and further at Stanes a Maire-stone once stood for a mark of jurisdiction that London had so far upon Thamesis.  

LONDON.  (7) Which City is more ancient than any true record beareth, fabuled from Brute, Troyno●ant, from Lud, Ludstone: But by more credible writers, Tacitus, Ptolemy, and Antonine, Londinium by Aminianus Mercellinus for her successive prosperity, 
The names of London.  Augusta, the greatest title that can be given to any: by Britain's, Londayn, by the Saxons, London Ceasder, by Strangers Londra, and by us London. This City doth show as the Cedars among other trees, being the seat of the British Kings, the chamber of the English, the model of the land, and the mart of the world: for thither are brought the silk of Asia, the spices from Africa, the Balms from Grecia, & the riches of both the Indies East and West: no City standing so long in fame, nor any for divine and politic government may with her be compared. Her walls were first set by great Constantine the first Christian Emperor at the suit of his mother, 
Simon of Durham. An. 306. London walled by Constantine the Great.  Q. Helen, reared with rough stone and British Brick, three English miles in compass: thorough which are now made 7. most fair gates, besides 3. other passages for entrance. Along the Thamesis, this wall at first ranged, & with two gates opened, the one Douregate, now Dowgate, & the other Billingsgate, a receptacle for ships. In the midst of this wall was set a mile-marke (as the like was in Rome) from whence were measured their stations for carriage or otherwise; the same as yet standeth, and hath been long known by the name of London Stone. 
London-Stone a mile-marke. S. Peter's in Cornhill the Cathedral Church. S. Paul.  Upon the East of this city, the Church of S. Peter's is thought to be the cathedral of Restitutus, the Christian Bishops see, who lived in the reign of Great Constantine; but since S. Paul's in the West part, from the Temple of Diana, assamed that dignity, whose greatness doth exceed any other at this day, & spires so high that twice it hath been consumed by lightning from Heaven. 
The number of Churches in London.  Besides this cathedral, God is honoured in one hundred twenty one Churches more in this city: that is, ninety six within the walls; sixteen without, but within the Liberties; & nine more in her Suburbs; & in Fitz-Stephens time, thirteen Conuents of religious Orders. 
The Wards of London.  It is divided into 26. Wards, governed by so many grave Aldermen a ●. Ma●or & 2. Sheriffs, the yearly choice whereof was granted them by Patent from K. john; in whose time also a Bridge of Stone was made over Thames, 
London Bridge.  upon nineteen Arches, for length, breadth, beauty, and building, the like again not found in the world.  
(8) This London (as it were) disdaining bondage, hath set herself on each side, far without the walls, & hath left her Westgate in the midst, from whence with continual buildings still affecting greatness) she hath continued her streets unto a King's Palace, and joined a second 
* Westminster.  City to herself, famous for the Seat and Sepulchre of our Kings; and for the Gates of justice, that termely there are opened, only once a Bishops See, 
Westminster a Bishops Sec.  whose Title died with the man. No walls are set about this City, and those of London are left, to show rather what it was, than what it is: whose Citizens, as the Lacedæmonians did, do impute their strength in their men, & not in their walls, how strong soever. Or else for their multitude, cannot be circulated, but (as another jerusalem is inhabited without walls, 
Zach. 2.4.  as Zachary said. The wealth of this City (as Isai once spoke of Nilus) grows from the Revenues and harvest of her south-bounding Thames; 
Isay 23.3.  whose traffic for marchandizing is like that of ●yrus, whereof Ezechiel speaks & stands in abundance of Silver, 
Ezekiel 27.12  Iron, 
The trade of London.  Tyn & Lead, etc. And from London her channel is navigable, straitened along with medowing borders, until she taketh her full liberty in the German Seas. Upon this Thamesis the Ships of Tharsis seem to rid●, 
The Thamesis.  & the Navy, that rightly is termed the Lady of the Sea, spreads her sail. Whence twice with lucky success hath been accomplished, the compassing of the universal Globe. This River, Canutus laying siege against London, sought by digging to divert, & before him the Danes had done great harms in the City, yet was their State recovered by K. Elfred, and the River kept her old course, notwithstanding that cost. 
London invaded.  In the times of the Normans, some civil broils have been attempted in this City, as in the days of K. john, 
An. 1216. An. 1380.  whereinto his Barons entered, and the Tower yielded unto Lewis. And again, Wat Tiler herein committed outrageous cruelties, but was worthily struck down by the Mayor & slain in Smithfield. This City's graduation for Latitude is the degree 51 45. min. and in Longitude 20. degrees 39 minutes.  
(9) In this County at B●rnet, 
Battles in Middlesex. The 14. of April, An 1471 and eleventh of ●d. 6.  upon Easter day, a bloody battle was fought, betwixt Henry 6. and Edward 4. wherein were slain one Marks, one Earl, three Lords, & with them ten thousand Englishmen.  
(10) The division of this Shire is into seven Hundreds, 
The Shires division.  wherein are seated two Cities, four Market Towns, & seventy three Parish-Churches, besides them in London; where in the Church of Gray-Fryers, now called Christ-Church, three Queens lie interred, which were, 
Margaret wife to Edward 1. Isabel wife to Edward 2 joan Queen of Scot●, all buried at Gray-Fryers.  Queen Margaret, the D. of Philip the hardy, King of France, second wife to King Edward the first; the second was Queen Isabel, wife to King Edward the second, and D. to Philip the fair King of France; and the third was Queen joan, their daughter, married to David King of Scotland.   map of Middlesex 
MIDLE-SEX described WITH THE MOST FAMOUS Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER  


HUNDREDS in MIDDLESEX.  
1 Edmonton.  
2 Gore.  
3 Fynnesbury, and Wenlaxebarn.  
4 Osulston.  
5 Elthorne.  
6 Istleworth.  
7 Spelthorne.   


A  
Acton West, Fynnesbury.  
Acton East, Fynnesbury.  
Alperton, G●re.  
Ascott, Elthorne.  
Ash●forde, Spelthorne.  
Astleham, Spelthorne.    


B  
Baber bridge, Spelthorne.  
Fryarne Barnet, Fynnesbury.  
Bedfonte West, Spelthorne.  
Bedfonte East, Spelthorne.  
bednal Greene, Osulston.  
Belsyfe, Fynnesbury.  
Bishop's hall, Osulston.  
Blackwall, Osulston.  
Boston, Elthorne.  
Braineforde little, Elthorne.  
BRAINFORD West, Eltho.  
Breakspeares', Elthorne.  
Brent Flu.  
Brentstore, Gore.  
Broken borowes, Elthorne.  
Bromesley, Osulst.  
Brompton, Fynnesb.  
Browswell, Fynnesb.  
Burmfeild, Edmont.  
Burystreete, Edmont.    


C  
Canons, Gore.  
Canbury, Fynnesb.  
Chalcot, Fynnesb.  
Charlton, Spelthorn.  
Chelsey, Fynnesb.  
Cheswicke, Fynnesb.  
Child's hill, Fynnesbury.  
Clapton, Osulston.  
Clarkenwell, Osulst.  
Colham, Elthorne.  
Colne Flu.  
Coney hatch, Fynnesb.  
Coppermill, Istleworth.  
Coptehall, Osulst.  
Cowley, Elthorne.  
Craneford, Elthorne.  
Craneford bridge, Elthorne.  
Cruch end, Fynnesbury.    


D  
Daleston hill, Fynnesbury.  
Dalis, Gore.  
Daneershill, Edmont.  
Deane wood, Fynnesb.  
Dog's Isle, Osulst.  
Dormans' well, Elthorne.  
Dorsey sars, Edmont.  
Drayton West, Elthorne.  
Drivershill, Gore.  
Ducoates, Edmont.  
Durance, Edmont.  
durham's, Edmont.    


E  
East end, Fynnesb.  
EDGWARE, Gore.  
Edmonton, Edmont.  
Edmondstreete, Edmont.  
Eling, Fynnesb.  
Enfield, Edmont.  
Enfield chase, Edmont.  
Eueney farm, Spelthor.    


F  
Feltham, Spelthor.  
Feltham hill, Spelthor.  
Fincheley, Fynnesb.  
The Fold, Edmont.  
Fryain Manner, Fynnesb.  
Fryth, Gore.  
Fulham, Fynnesbury.    


G  
Green hill, Gore.  
Greeneford, Elthor.  
Greenestret, Edmont.  
Gunnetsbury, Fynnes.  
S. Gyles, Fynnesb.    


H  
Hackney, Osulst.  
Hadley, Edmont.  
Halwayes, Fynnesb.  
Hamersinyth, Finnesb.  
Hampton, Spelthorn.  
Hampton Court, Spelthorn.  
Hampsteed, Fynnesb.  
Hamsworth, Elthor.  
Hanford, Spelthor.  
Hanworth, Spelthorn.  
Hangerwood, Fynnesb.  
Hanwell, Elthorn.  
Harefeild, Elthorn.  
Harleston green, Fynnesb.  
Harlington, Elthorn.  
Harmondesworth, Elthor.  
Harrow hill, Gore.  
Heayes, Elthorn.  
Hellingdon little, Elthor.  
Hendon, Gore.  
Hendon house, Gore.  
Heston, Istle.  
Highwood, Gore.  
Highgate, Fynnesb.  
Hillingdon little, Elthor.  
Hillingdon great, Elthor.  
Hockesdon, Osulst.  
Hollick, Fynnesb.  
Holly well street, Osulst.  
Hornesey, Fynnesb.  
The Hospital, Fynnesb.  
Hunslow, Istle.  
Hyde Park, Fynnesb.    


I  
S. james, Fynnesb.  
Ickenham, Eltho●n.  
I'll of dogs, Osulst.  
Islington, Fynnesb.  
Istleworth, Istle.    


K  
S. Katherins, Lon. Lib.  
Kensingeton, Fynnesb.  
Kenton, Gore.  
Kenton, Spelthor.  
Kentishtowne, Fynnesb.  
Kickesend, Edmont.  
Kingsland, Osulst.  
Kingesbury, Gore.  
Kingston wike, Spelt.  
Knightsbridge, Fynnesb.  
Kylborne, Fynnesb.    


L  
Lal●ham, Spelthorne.  
Littleton, Spelthorne.  
Lodge hill, Fynnesb.  
LONDON.  
Ludgraves, Edmont.  
Lymehouse, Osulst.    


M  
M●rybone, Fynnesb.  
Mendon house, Gore.  
Merestrete, Osulst.  
Milhill, Gore.  
Morehall, Elthorn.  
Morehatche, Edmont.  
Muckings, Edmont.  
Muswell hill, Fynnesb.  
Myle end, Osulst.  
Myms south, Edmont.    


N  
Northhall Lodge, Elthorn.  
Nefedon, Fynnesb.  
Newhouse, Spelth.  
Newington Stoke, Fynnesb.  
Newington, Fynnes.  
Newington green, Fynnesb.  
Norcote, E●thorne.  
Northall, Elthorne.  
North end, Fynnesb.  
Norton folgate, Osu●st.  
Norwood, Elthorne.    


O  
Oldeford, Osu●st.  
Osterley, Elthorne.    


P  
Padingwick, Fynnesb.  
Paddington, Fynnesb.  
Pancras, Fynnesb.  
Parson's green, Fynnesb.  
Perrinale, Elthorne.  
Pins, Edmont.  
Ponders end, Edmont.  
Poplar, Osulst.  
Potter's bar, Edmont.  
Preston, Gore.  
Pynner, Gore.    


R  
Rateclyffe, Osulst.  
Rimslippe, Elthorn.  
Roxoey, Gore.    


S  
Safforne hill, Fynnesb.  
Sauthold, Elthorn.  
Shackerwell, Osulst.  
Shepperton, Spelth.  
Shoreditch, Osulst.  
Southmyns, Edmont.  
STANES, Spelth.  
Stanmore great, Gore.  
Stanmore little, Gore.  
Stanner great, Gore.  
Stanschurch, Spelth.  
Stanwell, Spelth.  
Stepney, Osulst.  
Strande, Elthor.  
Stratford bow, Osulst.  
Sudbury, Gore.  
Sunbury, Spelthor.  
Swaleys, Elthorne.  
Zion, Elthorne.  
Sypson, Elthorne.    


T  
Tottenham, Edmont.  
Tottenham street, Edmont.  
Tottenham high-crosse. Edmont.  
Totten Court, Fynnesb.  
Tuddington, Spelth.  
Turnham green, Elthor.  
Twickenham, Istle.  
Twickenham Park, Istle.  
Twyford East, Fynnes.  
Twyford West, Gore.    


V  
UXBRIDGE, Elthor.  
Vxenden, Gore.    


W  
Wadhad green, Fynnesb.  
Waltham cross, Edmont.  
Wapping, Osulst.  
Weald, Gore.  
Wemley hill, Gore.  
Westborne, Fynnesb.  
WESTMINSTER.  
Westminster City.  
Whetstone, Fynnesb.  
Wewrsley, Elthorn.  
Whitton, Istle.  
Whitwebb, Edmont.  
Willesdon, Fynnesb.  
Winchmorhill, Edmont.  
Woodhall, Gore.  
Worton, Istle.  
Wyerhill, Edmont.      


The name of ESSEX.  ESSEX, by the Saxons written East-seaxa, and East-sexscife, by the Normans Exsessa, and by the vulgar Essex; is a County large in compass, very populous, and nothing inferior to the best of the Land.  

The form of Essex.  (2) The form thereof is somewhat circular, excepting the East part, which shooterh herself with many Promontories into the Sea; 
The length and breadth.  and from Horsey Island to Haidon in the West, (the broadest part of the shire) are by measure forty miles, and the length from East-Ham upon Thamisis in the South, to Surmere upon the River Stow in the North, are thirty miles; the whole in circumference, one hundred forty six miles.  

The borders of Essex.  (3) It lieth bounded upon the North, with Suffolk and Cambridge-shires, upon the West with Hertford and Middlesex, upon the South by Thamisis is parted from Kent, and the East side thereof is altogether washed with the Germane Sea.  

The Air.  (4) The air is temperate and pleasant, only towards the waters somewhat aguish, the soil is rich and fruitful, 
The Soil.  though in some places sandy & barren: yet so that it never frustrates the Husbandman's hopes, or fills not the hands of her Harvest-Labourers: but in some part so fertile, that after three year's glebe of Saffron, the land for 18. more, will yield plenty of Barley, without either dung or other fattening earth.  

The Inhabitants.  (5) Her ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans, were by Caesar called the Trinobantes, of whom in the former Chapter we have spoken, 
Caesar. Come. lib. 5.  and in our History shall speak more at large. But this name perishing with the age of the Empire, the Saxons presently framed a new; and with Hertford and Middlesex made it their East-Saxons Kingdom, until that Egbert brought this and the whole into an entire and absolute Monarchy: 
Annals of the English Saxons.  the Danes after them laid so sore for this Province, that at Beamfleet and Havenes (now Shobery) they fortified most strongly; and at Barklow, (besides the hills mounted for their burials) the Danewort with her red berries, so plentifully grow, that it is held and accounted to spring from the blood of the Danes which in that place was spilt, and the herb as yet is called from them the Danes-blood; neither yet were they quelled to furcease that quarrel; 
Danes-blood.  but at Ashdown abode the Ironside in fight, wherein so much blood of the English was spilt, that Canutus their King in remorse of conscience; built a Church in the place, to pacify God for the sins of his people: 
The Normans.  But when the Normans had got the garland of the whole, many of their Nobles there seated themselves, whose posterities since, both there and elsewhere, are spread further abroad in the Realm.  

The Commodities.  (6) The Commodities that this Shire yieldeth, are many and great, as of woods, corn, cattle, fish, forests and Saffron; which last groweth with such gain and increase upon her North parts, that from a split clove much like unto Garlic, a white bluish flower shortly springeth, 
Saffron in Essex.  from whence fillets of Saffron are gathered before the Sun, and dried, are sold as spice with great gain. From the Island Canvey, Mersey, Horsey, Northly, Osey, Wallot & foulness, great store of fish and fowl are daily gotten: and so from their cattle have they continual increase, which men and boys milk; as well the Ewe as the Kine; whereof they make great and thick Cheese, sold abroad in the Land, and much thereof transported into other Countries. 
Oysters.  Their Oysters which we call Walfleet, the best in esteem, and are thought from Pliny to have been served in the Romans Kitchens. But lest we should exceed measure in commending, or the people repose their trust in the soil; behold what God can do, to frustrate both in a moment, & that by his meanest creatures: for in our age and remembrance, the year of Christ 1581. an Army of Mice so overranne the Marshes in Dengey Hundred, 
Mice devour some part of Essex.  near unto South-minster in this County, that they shore the grass to the very roots, 
john Stowe.  and so tainted the same with their venomous teeth, that a great Murrain fell upon the cattle which grazed thereon, to the great loss of their owners.  
(7) The chiefest City for account at this day in this Shire is Colchester, 
Colchester the chief City.  built by Coilus the British Prince, one hundred twenty-foure years after the birth of our Saviour Christ (if he of Monmouth say true) wherein his son Lucius, Helena, and Constantine, the first Christian King, Empress, and Emperor in the world, were born: which made Necham for Constantine to sing as he did. 
From Colchester there rose a star, 
Constantine borne at Colchester.   
The rays whereof gave glorious light  
Throughout the world in Climates far,  
Great Constantine, Rome's Emperor bright.  And the Romans to the great honour of Helena inscribed her, Pitssima Venerabilis Augusta. But of these we shall be occasioned to speak more hereafter. 
The fortification of it.  This City is situated upon the south of the river Coln, from whence it hath the name, and is walled about, raised upon a high trench of earth, though now much decayed, having 6. Gates of entrance, and 3. posterns in the West wall, besides 9 Watchtowers for defence, and containeth in compass 1980. paces; wherein stand 8. fair Churches, and two other without the walls, for God's divine service: S. Tenants and the Black Friars decayed in the suburbs; Marry Magdalins, the Nunnery, S. john's, & the Crouched Friars, all suppressed: within towards the East is mounted an old Castle, and elder ruins upon a trench containing two Acres of ground, whereas yet may be seen the provident care they had against all ensuing assaults. The trade of this town standeth chiefly in making of cloth, 
Commerce.  and Bayss, with Says, & other like Stuffs daily invented; 
Magistracy.  and is governed by two Bailiffs, 12. Aldermen, all wearing scarlet; a Recorder, a Town-clerk, and four Sergeants at Mace. Whose position for Latitude is in the degree 52.14. minutes; 
Graduation.  and for Longitude, in the degree 21. and 5. minutes.  
(8) Places of antiquity & memorable note in this County, I observe the most famous to be Camalodunum, by the Saxons Male oune, 
Maldon.  by us Maldom which was the Royal seat of Cunobelin King of the Trinobants, 
K. Cunobelin.  as by his money therein minted appeareth, about the time of our Saviour's birth: which City afterwards Claudius won from the Britain's, & therein placed a Colony of soldiers, which were called Victricensis, This City Queen Boduo, 
Queen Boduo.  in revenge of her wrongs, razed to the ground, what time she stirred their people against Nero, with the slaughter of 70. thousand of the Romans. Of some later and lesser account was Ithanchester now S. Peter upon the wall, 
S. Peter.  where the Fortenses with their captain kept, towards the declination of the Roman Empire. In the east Promontory of this County, in the reign of Richard the second, the teeth of a giant were found (if they were not of an Elephant) of a marvellous size (saith Ralph Coggeshall) and not far thence, in the reign of Elizabeth, more bones to the like wonder were digged up.  
(9) I purposely omit the message of a Pilgrim from S. john Baptist, 
A Pilgrim's Message.  by whom he sent a ring to K. Edward Confessor; for which cause his house took the name Havering: seeing the Monks of those times made no great dainty daily to forge matter for their own advantage: who in this Shire so swarmed that they had houses erected at Waltham, 
Religious houses.  Pritlewell, Tiltey, Dunmow, Leeye, Hatfeild-Peverell, Chelmesford, Coggeshall, Maldon, Earls-coln, Colchester, S. Osiths, Saffron-Waldon, Hatfeild-Bradoke, and more, with great revenues thereto belonging, all which felt the axes and hammers of destruction, when the rest of such foundations fell under the flail of K. Henry the 8. who with Ezekiah broke down all these Brazen Serpents.  
(10) This Shire is divided into twenty Hundreds, 
Castles. Colchester. Plesys. Hangham. Augre. Waleden. Hemingham. Market towns.  wherein are seated 21. Market-towns, 5. Castles, 5. Havens, 2. of his Majesty's Manors, and 415. Parish-Churches: all which are expressed in the Table annexed to this County following.   map of Essex 
ESSEX, divided into Hundreds, with the most ancient and fair Town COLCHESTER Described and— other memorable MONUMENTS observed. Anno 1610.  


HUNDREDS in ESSEX.  
1. VTtlesford.  
2. Hinckford.  
3. Lexden.  
4. tendering.  
5. Dengie.  
6. Witham.  
7. Chelmesford.  
8. Dunmow.  
9 Clavering.  
10. Harlowe.  
11. Waltham.  
12. Havering.  
13. Becontree.  
14. Freshwell.  
15. Chafford.  
16. Barstable.  
17. Ongar.  
18. Thurstable.  
19 Rotchford.  
20. Winstree.   


A  
Abbey Roding, Ong.  
Abenton, winst.  
Abrey hatch, becont.  
Aldham, lex.  
Allisford, tend.  
Alphamstone, hinck.  
Althorne, deng.  
Alvethlye, chaff.  
Ammadonhall, uttl.  
Ardleyghe, t●n.  
Arkesden, uttles.  
arnold's, ong.  
Ashdon, fresh.  
Ashden, hinc.  
Asheldon, deng.  
Ashefeild, hinc.  
Ashingdon, rotch.  
Audley end, uttl.  
S. Ayleths, uttl.    


B  
Bacches, rotch.  
Baddowe little, Chel.  
Baddowe great, Chel.  
Ballingdon, hinck.  
Barrington hall, har.  
BARKING, bec.  
Barling, rotch.  
Barnish Roding, dun.  
Barnyk hall, lex.  
Borrohall, rotch.  
Barwick parker, chaff.  
Basset's, deng.  
Bassildon, barst.  
Bassingborne, uttl.  
Battle bridge, chel.  
Battle hall, clau.  
Bayton end, clau.  
The Beacon, lex.  
Beamonte, ten.  
Beacham Roding, on.  
Beeches, bar.  
Belchampwater, hin.  
Belchamp S. Paul, hinck.  
Belchampotten, hinck  
Belhouse, hinck.  
bellows, dun.  
Benfeild, claver.  
Benflitt north, barst.  
Benflitt south, barst.  
Bentley little, ten.  
Bentley great, ten.  
Berche hall, ong.  
Berdon priory, clau.  
Berden, claver.  
Berechurch, lex.  
Bernes Roding, dun.  
Bersholt, lex.  
Bettolls, chaff.  
Beweres hamlet, hinck.  
Bicknecie, chelm.  
Bilesdon, ong.  
BILLERECAY, bar.  
Birch great, lex.  
Birch little, lex.  
Birchanger, uttles.  
Black●●●●pell, dun.  
Black 〈…〉  
Black-wat●●●●▪  
Blockhouse, winst.  
Bobingworth, ong.  
Bocking, hinck.  
Boreham, chelm.  
Boreley, hinck.  
Bovyll, ten.  
Bowcer's, lex.  
Bowers gifford, barst.  
Bower, winst.  
Bower hall, hinck.  
Bowrchers hall, thirst.  
Boxted, lex.  
Boydon hall, chelm.  
Bradfeild, ten.  
Bradfeild ●aling, fresh.  
Bradfeild little, Fresh.  
Bradfeild great, fresh.  
Bradwell, deng.  
Bradwell, with.  
BRAINTRIE, hin.  
Bramston, dunm.  
Braxted great, with.  
Braxted little, with.  
The new Breach, becon.  
Brentishe, ong.  
BRENTWOOD, C.  
Brettes, ten.  
Bretton layer, winst.  
Brickelsey, ten.  
Bride's green, dun.  
Brittens, becon.  
Brodokes, uttle.  
Brokehall, hinck.  
Brokstreet, chaff.▪  
Bromfeild, chelm.  
Broxted hall, dunm.  
Broxted, dunm.  
Brumley little, ten.  
Brumley great, ten.  
Brunden, hinck.  
Brunden, hinck.  
Brunden hall, hin●ck.  
Brunshobery, dunm.  
Brunthall, hinck.  
Buckware, dun.  
Bulmer, hinck.  
Bulpham, barst.  
Bumstedhelion, fresh.  
Bumsteed steeple, hinck.  
Burbrooke, hinck.  
Bures mont, lex.  
Burneham, deng.  
Bursted little, barst.  
Bursted great, barst.  
Buttesbury. chelm.  
Byam hall, hinck.    


C  
Campions, deng.  
Campions, harl.  
Canewdon, rotch.  
Canfeild hall, dun.  
Canfeild great, dun.  
Canfeild little, dun.  
Canue Island, barst.  
Chaldwell, barst.  
Chapel, lex.  
The Chapel, hau.  
Chatley, with.  
Chawdwell, becon.  
Chelmer flu.  
CHELMESFORD.  
Chesterford great, uttles.  
Chesterford little, uttles.  
Chesterford, uttles.  
Chevers, ong.  
Chickney, dun.  
Chignall S. james. chelm.  
Chignall smely, chelm.  
Chigwell, ong.  
Chigwell row, ong.  
Chigwell dews, ong.  
Childerditche, chaff.  
China hall, walth.  
Chingeford, walth.  
Chipping hongar, ongar.  
Chissell little, uttles.  
Chissell great, uttles.  
Clackton great, ten.  
Clackton, little, ten.  
Claret hall, hinck.  
Clavering, claver.  
Claybury, becon.  
Cockrells, chaff.  
Codham, hinck.  
Coggeshall, little, with.  
COGGISHAL, lex.  
COLCHESTER▪ lex  
Cold hall, chelm.  
Collier row, han.  
Colnewake, lex.  
Colne white, lex.  
Colne Earls, lex.  
Colne flu.  
Colne Engame, lex.  
Cook hall, lex.  
Copford, lex  
Coptchall, wall.  
Coringham, barst.  
Cotes, ten.  
Covers, ong.  
Cowpers' hall, ong.  
Cranham, chaf.  
Cressing, with.  
Cressing Temple, widow.  
Cricksey, deng.  
Cricksey ferry, rotch.  
Cripping, lex.  
Crissall, uttles.  
Crissall great, uttles.  
Crouch flu.  
Custridge, ten.  
Cusse hall, hinck.    


D  
Dagenham, becon.  
Dagenham little, cha.  
Danbury, chelm.  
Darwardes, hinck.  
Debden, uttles.  
Dedham, lex.  
Delahayelayer, winst.  
Dengie, deng.  
Dews, ong.  
Dodinghurst, ong.  
Dunmow little, dun.  
DUNMOW great, dun.  
Donyland west, lex.  
Donyland east, lex.  
Dover Court, ten.  
Dowington waylet, barst.  
Down, harl.  
Downham, barst.  
Dukes, winst.  
Dunmow Church, D.  
Dunton, barst.  
Dynes hall, hinck.    


E  
Eastbury, becon.  
Easter good, dun.  
Easterford, with.  
Easter high, dun.  
Easthorpe, lex.  
Easton little, dun.  
Easton great, dun.  
Eastwood, rotch.  
Edward's hall, chelm.  
Elmdon, uttles.  
Elmstede, ten.  
Elsenham, uttles.  
Engaynes, ten.  
EPPINGSTRETE, walt.  
Epping town, walt.  
Eythorp Roding, dun.    


F  
Fairestede, with.  
Falkborne, with.  
Fambridge North, d●ng.  
Fambridge South, rotch.  
Fangie, barst.  
Farnham, claver.  
Fawbridge, ten.  
Feering, lex.  
Felsteede, hinck.  
Fellow's hall, with.  
Femings, chelm.  
Fiddlers, chelm.  
Finchingfeild, hinck.  
Fingringhoo, winst.  
Flamberds, deng.  
Fobbing, barst.  
Fordham, lex.  
foulness, rotch.  
Fox-earth, hinck.  
Frating, ten.  
Frennoll, barst.  
Frinton, ten.  
Fryerning, chelm.  
Fyfeild, ong.    


G  
Gaines, chaff.  
Gains park, ong.  
Garndes, dun.  
Gestlingthorpe, hin.  
Giddy hall, haver.  
Gingrave, barst.  
Goldingham, hinck.  
Goldlngham hall, hin.  
Goose's, haver.  
Gosfeild, hinck.  
Gouldhanger, thur.  
The Grange, fresh.  
Greensted, ong.  
Greensted, lex.  
Gubbins, have.  
Gunfleete, ten.  
Gyldabbs, barst.  
S. Gyles, wal●h.    


H  
Hackwell, rotch.  
Hacton, chaff  
Hadleigh, rotch.  
Hadleigh Castle, rotc.  
Hadstocke, fresh.  
Hallifield, walth.  
Ham east, becon.  
Ham west, becon.  
Haningfeild east, i.  
Haningfeild west, i.  
Haningfeild south, ch.  
Harlowe, harl.  
Harlow street, harl.  
Harlowbury, har.  
Harold's wood, hau.  
Harrolds pa●ke, walt.  
HARWICH, ten.  
Haseley, deng.  
Hassobury, clave●.  
Hastings wood, harl.  
Hastingbury Morley, harl.  
Hastingbury little, harl.  
Hatfeild forest, harl.  
Hatfeild peverel, wit.  
HATFEILD BRADOCKE,  
Havering, haver.  
HAV●S●EED GREAT, ha.  
Haw●●●n, harl.  
Hell hall, ong.  
Hemstede, fresh.  
HEMYNGHAM CASTLE.  
Henham, uttles.  
Heningham siblo, hi.  
Hennye little, hinck.  
Hennye great hinck.  
Herne, barst.  
Herons, dun.  
Heybridge, thur.  
Heybridge, ong.  
Heydon, uttles.  
Hipford, hinck.  
HIGH ONGER, o.  
Hockley, rotch.  
Holland great, ten.  
Holland little, ten.  
Holl haven, barst.  
Horeham hall, dun.  
Hornedon on the hill, bar.  
Hornedon east, bar.  
Hornechurch, haver.  
The Hooe, lex.  
Horseley great, lex.  
Horseley little, lex.  
Horseley Island, ten.  
Horsingbroke, barst.  
West House, barst.  
Hull bridge, rotch.  
Hull, rotch.  
Hutton, bar.    


I  
jenkin's, becon.  
jenkin's, barst.  
jervis hall, barst.  
Ilford little, becon.  
Ilford great, becon.  
Indywall, barst.  
Ingerstone, chelm.  
Inworth, lex.  
joselyn, dun.    


K  
Kantis, barst.  
Kelnedon, with.  
Kelvedon, ong.  
Kentes, rotch.  
The King's place, uva▪  
Kirkby, hinck.  
Kirkby, ten.  
Knoll hill, ong.    


L  
Lackingdon, dun.  
Laighton low, bec.  
Laighton stone, bec.  
Lamborne, ong.  
Lamersh, hinck.  
Langdall hill, barst.  
Langdon, barst.  
Lanford, thur.  
Langham, lex.  
Lanhenhoo, win.  
Langley, clau.  
Latton, har.  
Latton priory, harl.  
Laver little, ong.  
Laver high, ong.  
Laver Magdalene, on.  
Lawford, ten.  
Lawling, deng.  
S. Laurence, deng.  
The Lea, harl.  
Leadon Roding, dun.  
Lee gardens, hau.  
Leigh, rotch.  
Leighes great, chelm.  
Leighes little, chelm.  
Leighes prior, chelm.  
Leigh hall, rotch.  
Lexden, lex.  
Littleberrie, uttles.  
Little berry, ong.  
Loughton, ong.  
Loxford, bec.  
Lindsell, dun.  
Lyston, hinc  
Lyston hall, hinc.    


M  
MALDON, deng.  
Manenden, clau.  
MANINGTREE.  
Maplesteed great, hin.  
Maplesteed little, hin.  
Maplesteed hall, hin.  
Margaret roding, ong.  
Margot Inge, chelm.  
Markets, hau.  
Marks Tey, lex.  
Markeshall, lex.  
Marney layer, winst.  
Marsey east, winst.  
Marsey west, winst.  
Martin's, ten.  
Mashberie, dun.  
Matching, har.  
Mayland, deng.  
Marnards', dun.  
Maytors. hau.  
Medles' meed, with.  
Meredich, bec.  
Messing, lex.  
Messing hall, lex.  
Midlemeade, deng.  
Middleton, hinck.  
Milton, rotch.  
Minster south, deng.  
Moll hall, uttles.  
Monhall, fresh.  
Morchell, harl.  
Moreton, ong.  
Mose, ten.  
Mountnasing, chelm.  
Mowlsham, chelm.  
Moynes, hinck.  
Mucking, barst.  
Muching hall, rotch.  
Mundon, deng.  
Mile end, lex.  
Miles, ong.  
Misley, ten.    


N  
The Nase, tendering.  
Nasing, Walth.  
Navestocke, ong.  
Nelmes, haver.  
Nether hall, harl.  
Netreswell, harl.  
Nevendon, barst.  
Newarke, dun.  
Newberry, becon.  
Newhall, dun.  
Newhall, with.  
Newhall, harl.  
Newland hall, chelm.  
Newport, uttles.  
Newtran, uttles.  
Noke hill, haver.  
North end, haver.  
Northey I'll, deng.  
Norton, deng.  
Norton Mandevill, ong.  
Notley white, with.  
Notley black, with.    


O  
Ockenden south, cha.  
Ockenden north. cha.  
Okeley great, ten.  
Okeley little, ten.  
Old hall, hinck.  
Old Holt, lex.  
HIGH ONGAR, ong.  
Orsett, barst.  
Orwell haven, ten.  
The Ose end, ten.  
Oseth Isle, deng.  
S. Osythes, ten.  
Ovington, hinc.  
Oulting, with.    


P  
Paddlesham, rotch.  
Panfeild, hinck.  
Paringdon great, har.  
Paringdon little, har.  
Pateswicke, lex.  
Pebmershe, hinck.  
Peldon, winst.  
Pentlowe, hinck.  
Petches, hinck.  
S. Peter's chapel on the wall. d.  
Petswell, ong.  
Pickerels, ong.  
Pinchpole, clau.  
Pirgo, hau.  
Pistingford bridge, ong.  
Pitsey, barst.  
Plaistowe, bec.  
Pledgden, clau.  
Pleshy, dun.  
Pores hall, with.  
Porters, rotch.  
Porters, fresh.  
Porters, bec.  
Potter's street, har.  
Potter's row, thur.  
Powncehall, uttles.  
Pretons, chelm.  
Prittlewell, rotch.  
Purleighe, deng.    


Q  
Quenden, uttles.  
Quickbury, har.    


R  
Radley hall, with.  
Radwinter, fresh.  
RAILIGHE, rotch.  
Kamsdon craye, barst.  
Ramsdon belhouse, barst.  
Ramsey, ten.  
Ramsey, den.  
Rawreth, rotch.  
Rawreth hall, rotch.  
rain little,▪ hinck.  
Raynham, chaff.  
Rettendon, chelm.  
Richell, harl.  
Ric hall, uttles.  
Rickling, uttles.  
Ridgwell, hinck  
Rinsell, den.  
Ripple, bec.  
River's hall, lex.  
Rockells, uttles.  
Roding moral, ong.  
Roding high, dun.  
Roding white, dun.  
Rodon flu.  
ROMFORD, hau.  
Rooding beachan, ong.  
Rooding Abbey, ong.  
Rotchford, rotch.  
Roughhedge, lex.  
Roxwell, chelm.  
Royden hall, hinck.  
Royden, harl.  
Royden, ten.  
Roydon hamlet, wall.  
Royes' hall, hinck.  
Ruckward, ong.  
Rumwell, chelm.  
Ryvenghall, with.  
Rye, walth.    


S  
Sabretts, chelm.  
Safforn garden, barst.  
Salcot, winst.  
Saling old, hinck.  
samon's, barst.  
Sampford great, fire.  
Sampford little, fire.  
Sandon, chelm.  
Shackstones, chelm.  
Shalford, hinck.  
Shelley, ong.  
Shellow bowels, dun.  
Shenfeild, ba●st.  
Shenfeild, chel.  
Shering, harl.  
Shopland, rotch.  
Showbery north, rotch.  
Showbery south. rotch.  
Skrenes, chel.  
Smiters' hall, chel.  
Snerston, wall.  
South Church, rotch.  
South end, haver.  
Spain's, hinc.  
Springfeild, chel.  
Stambridge little, rotch.  
Stambridge great, rotch.  
Stanborne, hinc.  
Stanborne hall, hinck.  
Stanford rivers, ong.  
Stansgate, deng.  
Stanford le hope, bar.  
Stansted hall, hinc.  
Stansted monfictes, uttles.  
Stanway hall, lex.  
Stanway, lex.  
Stappleford tawny, ong.  
Stapleford abbots, ong.  
Stebbing, hinck.  
Steple, deng.  
Stifford clay, chaff.  
Stifford, chaff.  
Stock, chel.  
Stondon, ong.  
Stowe mary's, deng.  
Stowre flu.  
Stratford langthorne, bec.  
Strete, deng.  
Strettall, uttles.  
Sturmer, hinck.  
Stysteed, hinck.  
Sturfleete, ten.  
Stutton great, rotch.    


T  
Takelev, uttles.  
Tendering, ten.  
Terling, with.  
Terrill's, fresh.  
Tey little, lex.  
Tey great, lex.  
THAXTED, dun.  
Thorington, ten.  
Thorndon west, bar.  
Thordon, east, bar.  
Thornewood, ●ar.  
Thorpe, ten.  
Thorrocke west, cha.  
Thorrocke little, bar.  
Thorrocke great, ●haff.  
Thoyden, boyce, ong.  
Thoyden, charmon, ong.  
Thoyden mount, ong.  
Thremnolt priory, uttles.  
Thunderley, uttles.  
Thundershe, rotch.  
Thundersey, barst.  
Thurston, hinc.  
Tilburye east, barst.  
Tilburye west, barst.  
Tillingham, deng.  
Tiptree, thirst.  
Toobye, chel.  
Topesfeild, hinck.  
Torells' hall, dun.  
Totham great, thirst.  
Totham little, thirst.  
Toulsbury, thrust.  
Toulshount Knight, thrust.  
Toulshount Darcye, thirst.  
Toulshount great, thirst.  
Tremmall, barst.  
Toys▪ with.  
tufts, deng.  
Twinsteed, hinck.  
Tie hall, chel.  
Tylbury, hinck.  
Tylbury hall, hinc.  
Tiled hall, deng  
Tyltie, dun.  
Tytho●p Roding, dun.    


V  
Valens, haver.  
Verley, winst.  
Vgle, claver.  
Vltinge, with  
Vpminster, chaff.  
Vp●hire, walt.  
Vpton, becon.    


W  
Walbury, harl.  
WALDEN, uttles.  
Wallor, or Walsteet I'll, rotch.  
Waltham little, chel.  
Waltham great, chel.  
WALTHAM ABBEY, wall.  
Walthamstow, bec.  
Waltham Forrest, bec.  
Walton, ten.  
Wansted, bec.  
Warley little, chaf.  
Warley great, chaf.  
Watering hall, rotch.  
Watering little, rotch.  
Watering great, rotch.  
Weald hall, ong.  
Weald south, chaf.  
Weald north, ong.  
Wenden loughes, uttl.  
Wenden little, uttl.  
Wenden great, uttl.  
Wennington, chaff.  
Wethersfeild, hinck.  
Whellers, ten.  
West house, bar.  
Whitehall, bar.  
Wickes, ten.  
Wickford, barst.  
Wickeham, thirst.  
Wickham S. Paul, winst.  
Wickham bonant, winst.  
Widdington, uttles.  
Widford, chel.  
Wigborow little, winst.  
Wigborow great, winst.  
Wilbores, clau.  
Willingale Spain, dun.  
Wilton tower, ten.  
Wimbish, uttles.  
Witham, with.  
Wiverhoo, lex.  
Woodford bridge, bec.  
Woodford, bec.  
Wood-hall, uttles.  
Wood-hall, clau.  
Woodham ferries, chelm.  
Woodham mortime deng.  
Woodham water, deng.  
Woodriding, walth.  
Wormingford, lex.  
Wrabnes, ten.  
Writtle, chelm.  
Writtle park, chel.  
Wyley, ten.  
Wyvonhoo, lex.    


Y  
Yealdam hall, hinck.  
Yealdam little, hinc.  
Yealdam great, hinc.      

SUFFOLK, by the Saxons called Suð-folc, 
The name of Suffolk.  in regard of them which were seated in Norfolk, is a Country most plenteous and pleasant for habitation. It is separated from Norfolk, by the Rivers of the lesser Ouse, and Waveney, whose heads meet almost in the midst of her Verge, 
The bounds of Suffolk.  and that very near together: the one taking course East, and the other full West, upon which part Cambridge-shire doth wholly confront. The South side is severed by Stoure from Essex, and the East together washed with the German Seas.  

The Air.  (2) The Air is good, sweet, and delectable, and in some parts, of some of our best Physicians, held to be the best in the Land: the Soil is rich, fruitful, and with all things well replenished; in a word, nothing wanting for pleasure or profit.  

The form.  (3) The form thereof is somewhat Crescent, shooting up narrower into the North, and spreading wider towards the South, whose broadest part is about twenty miles: but from East to West much more; for from Easton point (the furthest of this Shire, yea of all Britain into the Sea) unto great Ouse River, her Western bounder, are forty five miles, and the whole in circumference, about one hundred fourtie-sixe.  

The old Inhabitants.  (4) Anciently this part of the Island was possessed by the Iceni, who as it seemeth by Tacitus, joined in Amity with the Romans a mighty people (saith he) and never shaken with wars before the reign of Claudius, 
Tacitus.  but then by Ostorius were vanquished, 
Agricola.  though not without great slaughter of the Romans; and in a Battle against them, M. Ostorius the son of the General, won great honour in saving of a Roman Citizens life; so ready were they to give and receive Honours to themselves, but slightly to pass over and to smother far greater exploits of the Britain's: which notwithstanding long in these parts they could not do: for the wrongs of the Icenians growing intolerable, who by the Roman Soldiers were put out of their rightful possessions, their Princes accounted no better than Slaves, and their Queen whipped in most ignominious manner; under Bodua they wrought their revenge, as in the History (Christ assisting) shall be further related.  
Next to these Icenians, were the Saxons that got their footing into these parts, and of them, this with Norfolk, Cambridge-shire, and the I'll of Ely, was made their East-Angles Kingdom; though as it seemeth ever in subjection either to the Mercians, or to the Kings of Kent: whose offspring ending in S. Edmund the Martyr, after the Danes had laid it most desolate, Edward the Elder subdued it unto his Westsaxons Monarchy: and that likewise ending in King Edward the Confessor, many noble Normans got their possessions in these parts, whose Offspring are plenteously replenished in this Shire to this day.  

The Commodities.  (5) The commodities of this Shire are many and great, whereof the chiefest consisteth in Corn, in Cattle, Cloth, Pasturage, Woods, Sea-Fish and Fowl; and as Abbo Floriecensis hath depainted, this County is of green and passing fresh hue pleasantly replenished with Orchards, Gardens & Groves: thus he described it above six hundred years since, and now we find as he hath said; to which we may add their gain from the Pail, whose Cheeses are traded not only throughout England, but into Germany, France, and Spain, and are highly commended by Pantaleon the Physician, 
Pantaleon.  both for colour and taste.  

Ipswich the chief City.  (6) And had Ipswich (the only eye of this Shire) been as fortunate in her Surname, as she is blessed with Commerce and buildings, she might worthily have borne the title of a City: neither ranked in the lowest row, whose trade, circuit, and seat, doth equal most places of the Land besides.  
It seemeth this Town hath been walled about, both by a Rampire of earth, mounted along her North and West parts, and places of entrance where gates have stood; which no doubt, by the Danes were cast down, in the year of Christ jesus, 991. when they sacked with spoil all these Seacoasts: and again in the year one thousand, laid the streets desolate, and the houses on heaps: yet afterwards recovering both breath and beauty, her buildings from Stoke-Church in the South, to S. Margaret's in the North, now contain 1900. paces, and from S. Helen's in the East, to S. Matthews Church in the West, 
The length and breadth of Ipswich.  are no less than 2120. full of streets plenteously inhabited, wherein are twelve Parish-Churches seated, besides them suppressed; such were Christ-Church, S. George's, S. james, the White, the Black and Greyfriars. The Site of this Town is removed from the Equator, unto the degree 52.25 minutes: and by Mercators' observation, from the first West-points 22. degrees, 9 minutes: and is yearly governed by two Bailiffs, and ten Port-men, 
The Governors of Ipswich  all wearing Scarlet, with twenty four of their Common-counsel in Purple: a Recorder, a Town-clerk, five Sergeants, whereof one is for the Admiralty, a Beadle, and Common-Crier, all in blue, with the Towns Arms on their Sleeves.  
The other Eye of this Shire is the Saxons Bedericgueord. 
S. Edmundsbury.  By Abbo the Royal Town, wherein at the daybreak of the Saxons conversion, Sigebert King of the East Angles founded a Christian Church: and upon the occasion of King Edmund's burial (who at Hoxon was shot to death) hath been ever since called S. Edmunds-bury, 
For King Edmund's Martyrdom see more in the History.  where was built to his honour one of the fairest Monasteries in the world, hegun by King Canute, much affrighted with the seeming appearance of that Martyr's Ghost, who to expiate the sacrilegious impiety of his Father Suenus, enriched the place with many endowments, and offered up his own Crown upon the holy Martyr's Tomb. For the beauty and buildings of this Abbey and Town, 
Leyland his commendation of S. Edmunds-bury.  let Leyland for me declare: The Sun (saith he) hath not seen a City more finely seated so delicately upon the easy ascent of an hill, with a River running on the East-side; nor a more stately Abbey either for revenues or incomparable magnificence, in whose prospect appeareth rather a City then a Monastery, so many Gates for entrance, and some of them brass, so many Towers, and a most glorious Church, upon which attend three others, standing all in the same Churchyard all of them passing fine, and of a curious workmanship. Whose ruins lie in the dust, lamenting their fall, moving the beholders to pity their case.  
near unto this Town a great Battle was fought by Robert Bossu Earl of Leicester, 
john Textor.  against his Sovereign King Henry the second: 
An. 1173.  but was worthily overcome by Richard Lucy, the King's high justice, himself and wife taken, with many Flemings and Engligshmen slain.  
(7) Other places worthy of remembrance this County affords; such is Exning in the West, 
Exning.  formerly famous for the birth of S. Audrey, daughter to King Anna, one of the three names of the Shires division. 
Rendlisham.  Rendlisham in the East, where Redwald the first Christian in this Kingdom held his Court: and Hadley in her South, 
Hadley.  where Guthrum the Dane whom Elfred baptised, was buried. And things of stranger note are the limits of the East-Angles Territories, running along Newmarket heath, vulgarly called the Devil's ditch: the like fable is formally told by Nubrigensis, 
Nubrigensis.  that at Wulpet in the heart of this Shire two green boves of Satyr's kind arose out of the ground, 
Wulpet.  from the Antipodes; believe it if you will: and Ralph Coggshall in the Monuments of Colchester, declareth that a Fish in all parts like a man, was taken near Orford, and for six months was kept in the Castle, whence after he escaped again to the Sea.  
As strange, but most true, was a crop of Pease that without tillage or sowing grew in the Rocks, 
Orford and Aldebrough.  betwixt this Orford and Aldebrough, in the year 1555. When by unseasonable weather a great dearth was in the Land: there in August were gathered above one hundred Quarters, and in blossoming remained as may more, where never grass grew, or earth ever seen, but hard solid Rocks three yards deep under their roots.  
(8) Places separated from common use, and devoted to God and his service by religious Princes, 
Religious houses built and suppressed.  were at S. Edmund's, Ipswich, Ikleworth, ●lithborow, Clare, Leston, Burgh Castle, wherein Sigebert King of the East-Angles entered the profession of a Monk: but was thence forced by his people, to fight against the Mercians: in which Battle he was slain. And Dunwich, 
Ann. 636.  where Foelix founded his Episcopal See. These with many others in this County were suppressed in the fall of the Monasteries, and their Revenues assumed by King Henry the Eight.  
(9) This Shire is principally divided into three parts, 
The division of the Shire.  which are called the Celdable, S. Edmunds, and S. Audreys' Liberties, subdivided into twentytwo Hundreds, and them again into 575. Parish-Churches, wherein are seated seven Castles, and twenty eight Market Towns, 
The Market Towns.  whose names are in the Table annexed.   map of Suffolk 
SUFFOLK described and divided into Hundreds, The situation of the fair town IPSWICH showed, with the ARMS of the most noble families that have been either Dukes, or Earls both of that County as also of Clare  


HUNDREDS in Suffolk.  
1. LAckford▪  
2. Thingoe.  
3. Risbridge.  
4. Baberghe.  
5. Thedwastrie.  
6. Blackborne.  
7. Stowe.  
8. Cosforde.  
9 Bosmere.  
10. Sampford.  
11. Col●eis.  
12. Ca●leford.  
13. Thredlinge.  
14. Hartesmere.  
15. H●xone.  
16. Loo●s.  
17. Wilforde.  
18. Plumesgate.  
19 Blithing.  
20. Wangford.  
21. Mutford.  
22. Lothingland.   


A  
Acton, Baberg.  
Akenham, Bosmer.  
ALDERBURGHE, Plum.  
Aldham, Cosford.  
Alderton, Wilford.  
Aldringham, Blithe.  
Allington, Hoxon  
Alpheton, Babergh.  
Ampton, The●.  
S. Andrew's, Wang.  
All Saints▪ Wang.  
Arwerton, Sam.  
Ashbye, Loathing.  
Ashe, Looes.  
Ashe Bocking, Bosmer.  
Ashefeild, Thread.  
Ashefeild Black.  
Aspall, Hearts.  
Assington, Baberg.  
Ay, Hearts.    


B  
Backton, Hearts.  
Badley, Bosmer.  
Baddingham, Hoxon.  
Badwell, Black.  
Baiton alias Beighton, Thed.  
Bardwell, Black.  
Bargham, black.  
Barham, bosmer.  
Barkinge●, bosmer.  
Barn●ye, Mut.  
Barningham, black.  
barrow, Thingoc.  
Barsham, Wang.  
Barton, Thed.  
Barton little, Lack.  
Batisford, bosmer.  
Baudsey, Wilford.  
Bawdsey haven, Coln.  
Bayleham, bosmer.  
Bealing great, Carlef.  
Bealing little, Carlef.  
BECKLES, Wang.  
Bedfeild, Hoxon.  
Bedingfeild Hoxon.  
Bellstead, Samp.  
Belton, Loathing.  
Beneker, Blithe.  
Benhall, Plum.  
Bentley, samp.  
Bernerdiston, Risbridge.  
Bildeston, Cosfor.  
Bildeston street, Crosfor.  
Blakenham great, bosmer.  
Blakenham little, bosmer.  
Blaxhall, Plum.  
BLIGHBOROUGHE, Bli.  
Blithford, blithe.  
Blithe ●lu.  
Blundeston, loathing.  
BONGEY, Wang.  
Bouldge, Wilf.  
BOTYSDALE, Hearts.  
Boxford, baberg.  
Boxted, baberg.  
Boyton, Wilf.  
Boyscott, Wang.  
Bradfeild Combusham, Thed.  
Bradfeild Monks, Thed.  
Bradfeild S. George, Thed.  
Bradfeild S. Clear, Thed.  
Bradley great, Risb.  
Bradley little, Risb.  
Bradwell, Loth.  
Brainford, bosmer.  
Bramp●eild, blithe.  
Brampton, blithe.  
Brandeston, Looes.  
BRANDON FERRY, Lack.  
Brantham, Samp.  
Brasiard, Plum.  
Bredfeild, Wilf.  
Brent Ely, Baberg.  
Bresworth, Hearts.  
Bretton flu.  
Brettenham▪ Cosford.  
Brightwell, Carlef.  
Brockelie, Thingoe.  
Brockford, Hearts.  
Brome, Hearts.  
Bromswall, Wilf.  
Brundishe, Hoxon.  
Brysett, Bosmer.  
Buckelsham, Coln.  
Bures, Baberg.  
Burgate, Hearts.  
Burghe, Carlef.  
Burgh Castle, Loathing.  
Burstall, Samp.  
Burstall, Bosmer.  
BURY, Thingo.  
Burly Looes, Looes.  
Buxall, Stowe.    


C  
Catwade bridge, Samp.  
Capell, Wilf.  
Capell, Samp.  
Carleton coluile, Mut.  
Carlton, Hoxon.  
Carsey, Cosford.  
Cavendishe, Baberg.  
Cavenham, Lack.  
Clare ●lu.  
CLARE, Risb.  
Claydon, Bosmer.  
Clopton, Carlef.  
Chatisham, Samp.  
Charfeild, Looes.  
Chedburghe, Risb.  
Cheldmonston, alias Chempton Samp.  
Chelsworth, Cosford.  
Cheston, Blithe.  
Chevingcon, Thi●go.  
Chillesford, Plum.  
Chilton, Risb.  
Chiule, Risb.  
Cleydon▪ B●s●.  
Clopton Carlef.  
Cobdocke, Samp.  
Cocfeild, Baber.  
Coddenham, Bos.  
Combs, Stow.  
Coniweston, Black.  
Cookelye, Blithe.  
Cornered great, Baberg.  
Cornered little, Baberg.  
Cotton, Loathing.  
Cotton, Hearts.  
Cove hith, blithe.  
Cove North, Wang.  
Cove South, blithe.  
Cowling, Risb.  
Cranesford, Plum.  
Cratfeld, blithe.  
Creating West, Stow.  
Creating S. Marry, bosmer.  
Creating S. Olive, bosmer.  
Creating all Saints, bosmer.  
Cretingham, Looes.  
Crofeild, bosmer.  
S. Cross, Wang.  
Culfurth, black.  
Culphoe, Carlef.    


D  
Dagworth, Stow.  
Dalham, Risb.  
Dalinghoo Looes, Looes.  
Dalinghoo, Wilf.  
Darsham, blithe.  
Debedge, Wilf.  
DEBENHAM, Thread.  
Demerdiston, Risb.  
Denham, Risb.  
Denham, Hoxon.  
Dennington, Hoxon.  
Depden, Risb.  
Dermisden, bosmer.  
DONWICHE, blithe.  
Downham, Lack.  
Dunnyngworth, Plum.  
Dunstall, Risb.  
Drinekston, Thed.    


E  
Earlestonham, bosmer.  
Earlesham, Looes.  
Earwell, Lack.  
Easton Gosbeck, bosmer.  
Easton, Looes.  
Easton baven, blithe.  
Edwarston, baberg.  
Eiken, Plum.  
Ellowe, Wang.  
Elmeswell, black.  
Elmeseth, Cosford.  
Elveden, Lack.  
Ewston, black.  
Erwarton, Samp.  
Estberdgholt, Samp.  
Exninge, Lack.  
E●te, Hearts.  
Eyke, Looes.    


F  
Fakenham great, black.  
Fakenham little, black.  
Falkenham, Coln.  
Farneham, Plum.  
Felsham, Thed.  
Felixstowe, Coln.  
Flempton, Thing.  
Flixton, Wang.  
Flixton, Loathing.  
Flonton, bosmer.  
Fordley, blithe.  
Forn●ham genes●se, Thed.  
Fornham S. martin's, Thed.  
Fornham all Saints, Thing.  
Foxall, Carlef.  
Framesden, Thread.  
FRAMLINGHAM, Looes.  
Frekenham, Lack.  
Fresingfeild, Hoxon.  
Freston, Samp.  
Friston, Plum.  
Fritton Flu.  
Fritton, Loathing.  
Frostenden, blithe.  
Fynbarrowe great, Stowe.  
Fynbarrowe little, Stowe.  
Fyningham, Hearts.    


G  
Gaseley, Risb.  
Gedding, Thed.  
Gisleam, Mut.  
Gislingham, Hearts.  
Gipping, Stowe.  
Glemham great, Plum.  
Glemham little, Plum.  
Glem●forde, baberg.  
Gorlston, Loathing.  
Grondesburghe, Carlef.  
Growton, Baberg.  
Gunton, Loathing.    


H  
Hacheston, Looes.  
HADLEIGH, Cosford.  
Hankdon, Risb.  
HALLESWORTH, Blithe.  
Hardwicke, Thingo.  
Hargrave, Thingo.  
Harkestead, Samp.  
Harleston, Stowe.  
Harteshe, Baberg.  
Hasketon, Carlef.  
Haslewoode, Plum.  
HAVERILL, Risb.  
Haughley, Stowe.  
Hawsted, Thingo.  
Hedgesset, alias Hesset. Thed.  
Heigham green, Lack.  
Helmingham, Bosmer.  
Hemingston, Bosmer.  
Hemley, Coln.  
Hengrave, Thingo.  
Henham, Blithe.  
Henly, Bosmer.  
Hensted, Blithe.  
H●pworthe, Black.  
Heringfleet, Loth.  
Heringswell, Lack.  
Heveyngham, Bli.  
Higham, Samp.  
Hinderclaie, Black.  
Hintlesham, Samp.  
Hitcham, Cosford.  
Holebrooke, Samp.  
Holesley, Wilf.  
Holton, Blithe.  
Holton, Samp.  
Homersfeild, Wan.  
Ho, Looes.  
Hopton, Black.  
Hopton, Loathing.  
Hotham, Hoxon.  
Horningsherth great, Thingo.  
Hoxone, Hox.  
Hulverster, Wang.  
Hundon, Risb.  
Hunnington Black.  
Hunston, black.  
Huntingfeild, Blithe.    


I  
S. James, Wang.  
Icklingham, Lack.  
Ickworthe, Thingo.  
Ingate, Wang.  
Ingam, Black.  
S. john's, Wang.  
IPSWICH, Bosmer.  
Ixworthe, Black.  
Ixworthorpe, Black.    


K  
Kedington, Risb.  
Kellyshall, Hoxon.  
Kenford, Lack.  
Kentford, Risb.  
Kenton, Looes.  
Kessingland, Mut.  
Kesgrave, Carlef.  
Ketleberston, Cos.  
Kettleburghe, Lo.  
Knadishall, Blithe.  
Kn●tleshall, Black.  
Kushmere, Mut.  
Kyrkley, Mut.  
Kyrton, Coln.    


L  
Lackford, Thing.  
La●gham, Cos.  
Lakingheath, Lack.  
Langerston, Coln.  
Langham, Black.  
Lanshull, Bab.  
LAVENHAM, Bab.  
S. Laurence, Wang.  
Laxfeild, Hox.  
Layston, Blithe.  
LAYSTOST, Loathing.  
Levington, Coln.  
Letheringham, Loo●.  
Lidgate, Risb.  
Linsey, Co●ford.  
Linsted great, Blithe.  
Linsted little, Blithe.  
Livemere great, Thed.  
Livemere little Black.  
Longham, Thed.  
Lophamford, Black.  
Lownde, Loathing.  
Luthinge Mere, Mut.    


M  
S. Margaret's, Wang.  
S. Margaret●, Wang.  
Marle●ford Looes.  
Martlesham, Car.  
Melles, Hearts.  
Mellford, Bab.  
Mells, Blithe.  
Melton, Wilf.  
Mendham, Hox.  
MENDLESHAM, Hearts.  
Metfeild, Hox.  
Mettingham Wang.  
S. michael's▪ Wang.  
Midleton, Blithe.  
Mikefeild, Bosmer.  
Milding, Bab.  
MILDENHALL, ●ac.  
Mismer● haven, Blithe.  
Monks Fly, Baberg.  
Monkesoham, Hox.  
Moulton, Ri●b.  
Mourden, Looes.  
Mutford, Mut.  
Mutford bridge, Mut.    


N  
Nacton, Coln.  
Naughton, Cosford.  
NEEDHAM, Bos●er.  
Nedginge, Cosford.  
Neiland, Baberg.  
Nettlestead, Bosmer.  
Newborne, Carlef.  
NEWMARKET, ●ck.  
Newton, Baberg.  
Newtown●, stowe.  
Newton, stowe.  
S. Nicholas, Wang.  
Norton, Black.  
Nothalls, Blithe.  
Nowghton, Thin.    


O  
Ockold, Hearts.  
Okeley, Hearts.  
S. Olaves, Lothi●.  
One house, Stow  
Onse Flu.  
Or Flu.  
ORFORD, Plum.  
Orford haven, Wilf.  
Orwell Flu.  
Oston, Bosmer.  
Oteley, Carlef.  
Oulton, Loathing.  
Owsden, Risb.    


P  
Pakefield, Mut.  
Pakenham, Thed.  
Palgrave, Hearts.  
Parham, Plum.  
Pesinghall, Blithe.  
S. Peter, Wang.  
Petestre, Wilf.  
Petranghe, Thread.  
Playford, Carlef.  
Phlemton, Thing.  
Polsted, Baberg.  
Poslingford, Risb.  
Preston, baberg.    


R  
Ramsholte, Wilf.  
Ratlesden, Thed.  
Redgrave, Hearts.  
Redsham, Wrong.  
Redlingfeild, Hearts.  
Reed, Thingo.  
Rendhams, Plum.  
Rendlesham, Looes.  
Rickinghall great, black.  
Rickinghall little, black.  
Ringfeild, Wang.  
Risbie, Thingo.  
Rissangles, Hearts.  
Romburghe blithe.  
Rougham, Thed.  
Roydon, Blithe.  
Roydon, samp.  
Rushbroke, Thed.  
Rushmere, Carlef.  
Rushmere, Mut.  
Ryngshall, bosmer.    


S  
Sapiston, black.  
Saxham great, Thing.  
Saxham little, Thing.  
SAXMONDHAM, Plum.  
Saxstede, Hox.  
Saylehome, Hox.  
Seamer, Co●ford.  
Sekford, Carl.  
Shaddingfeild, Wang.  
Shanfeild, Wang.  
Shelley, samp.  
Shellond, stow.  
Shepemedowe, Wang.  
Shimpling, baberg.  
Shotley, samp.  
Shottesham, Wilf.  
Sibton, blithe.  
Smalebridge, baberg.  
Sisewell, blithe.  
Skithe, Hearts.  
Snape bridge, Plum.  
Somerleto, Loathing.  
Somerton, baberg.  
Somersham, bosmer.  
Sotherton, blithe.  
Sotterley, Wang.  
Southelman, Wang.  
SOUTHOLD, blithe.  
Southolt, Hox.  
Southtowne, Loathing.  
Spexhall, blithe.  
Sprowton, samp.  
Staningfeild, Thed.  
Stansfeild, Risb.  
Stansted, baber.  
Stanton, black.  
Stenfeild, Plum.  
Stoke Ashe, Hearts.  
Stoke, Risb.  
Stoke, samp.  
Stoke, baberg.  
Stonham aspoll, bosmer.  
Stoneham little, bosmer.  
Stoven, blithe.  
STOWE, stowe.  
Stow langtoft, black.  
Stowe uplane, stow.  
Stowe west, black.  
Stradbrooke, Hox.  
Stradishall, Risb.  
Stratford, Plum.  
Stretford, samp.  
Sturston, Hearts.  
Stutton, samp.  
Sudborne, Plum.  
SUDBURIE, baberg.  
Sutton, Wilf.  
Swessling, Plum.  
Swillond, bosmer.    


T  
Tadingston, samp.  
Tattington, H●x.  
Thebarton, blithe.  
Thelnetham, black.  
Thorndon, Hearts.  
Thornham great, Hearts.  
Thornham little, Hearts.  
Thorpe, baberg.  
Thorpe, blithe.  
Thorpe, Thread.  
Thorpe Moridux Co●ford.  
Thrandeston, Hearts.  
Thurlowe great, R●●b.  
Thurlowe little, Risb.  
Thurrington, blithe.  
Thurston, Thed.  
Thwayte, H●rtes.  
Tostocke, Thed.  
trimly S. Martyne, Coln.  
trimly S. Ma●y, Coln.  
Troston, black.  
Tuddenham, Lack.  
Tuddenham Carlef.  
Tunstall, Plum.  
Tymworthe, Thed.    


U  
Ubbeston, blithe.  
Uslorde, Wilf.  
Uggshall, blithe.    


W  
Waiberswicke, blithe.  
Waldingfeild great, baberg.  
Waldingfeild little, baberg.  
Waldringfeld, Carl.  
Walpoole, blithe.  
Washebrooke, samp.  
Walsham in the Willows, black.  
Walton, Coln.  
Wangford, blithe.  
Wangford, Lack.  
Wantesden, Plum.  
Warlesfeild, black.  
Wattisham C●●f.  
Wenham great, samp.  
Wenham little samp.  
Wenhaston, blithe.  
Westerfeild, bo●m.  
Westhall, blithe.  
Westleton, blithe.  
Westhorpe, Hearts.  
Westlye, Thingo.  
Weston, black.  
Weston, Wang.  
Wetherden, stow.  
Wetheringsett, Hearts.  
Weybread, Hoxon.  
Whatfeild, Co●ford.  
Wheltham great, Thed.  
Whelvetham little, Thed.  
Whepstead, Thingo.  
Wherstead, samp.  
Whitton, bismer.  
Whisoe, Risb.  
Wickham, Wilf.  
Wickham brook, Risb.  
Wickham Skeyth, Hearts.  
Wilbye, Hoxon.  
Willingham, Wang.  
Willisham, bosmer.  
Wingfeild, Hoxon.  
Winston, Thed.  
Wiston, baberg.  
Wisset, blithe.  
Withesdale, Hoxon.  
Witherfeild, Risb.  
Wiverston, black.  
Wittensham, Carl.  
Wolverston, samp.  
WOOLDBRIDGE, Looes.  
WOOLPITT, Thed.  
Wordwell, black.  
Warlingham, Wang.  
Worlingworth, Hoxon.  
Worlington, Lack.  
Wortham, Hearts.  
Wratting great, Risb.  
Wratting little, Risb.  
Wratting tallow, Risb.  
Wrentham, blithe.  
Wynerstone, Hearts.    


Y  
Yaxley, Hearts.  
Yoxford, blithe.      

NORFOLK is an Island inclining to an Oval form, closed on the South part with the Rivers of Waveney and the less●r Ouse, which divides it from Suffolk. On the East and North with the German-Ocean; on the West toward Cambridge-shire, with some branches of the greater Ouse; toward Lincolne-shire with that part of the Nene which passeth from Wisbitch into the Washeses.  

Content.  It containeth in length (from Yarmouth to Wisbitch) about fifty miles. In breadth (from Thetford to Wells) about thirty. The whole Circuit is about two hundred forty two miles.  

Name.  The name ariseth from the situation of the people, who being the Norther-most of the Kingdom of East-Angles, are therefore called the Norfolk, as the Souther▪ most Southfolke.  

Air.  The Air is sharp and piercing, especially in the Champion, and near the Sea: therefore it delayeth the Spring and Harvest, the situation of the Country inclining thereto, as being under the 53. degree of Latitude.  

Soil.  The Soil divers: about the Towns commonly good; as Clay, Chalk, or fat earth, well watered, and with some wood: upward to the Heaths naked, dry, and barren: Marsland and Flegg exceeding rich; but Marsland properly for Pasture, Flegg for Corne.  
(2) The parts from Thetford to Burneham, and thence Westward, as also along the Coast, be counted Champion: the rest (as better furnished with woods) Wood-land. The Champion aboundeth with Corn, Sheep, and Coneys, and herein the barren Heaths (as the providence of our Ancestors hath of old disposed them) are very profitable. For on them principally lie our Fould courses, called of the Saxons (whose institution they therefore seem to be) faldsocun, that is, Liberty of fold or fouldage. These Heaths by the Compasture of the Sheep (which we call Tathe) are made so rich with Corn, that when they fall to be sown, they commonly match the fruitfullest grounds in other Countries: and laid again, do long after yield a sweeter and more plentiful feed for sheep: so that each of them maintain other, and are the chiefest wealth of our Country. The Wood-land (fitter for grass) is maintained chiefly by feeding of cattle, yet well stored with Corn and Sheep.  
The Coast is fortunate in fish, and hath many good Harbours, whereof Lenn and Yarmouth be the mother Ports, and of great traffic: Wells and Blakeney next in estimation.  
The whole County aboundeth with Rivers and pleasant Springs, of which the Ouse is chiefest, by whose plentiful Branches the Isle of Ely, the Towns and Shires of Cambridge, Huntingdon, and the County of Suffolk vent and receive commodities. The next is Hierus or Year, passing from Norwich to Yarmouth, where it receives the Bure coming from Aylsham, both of them of great service of water carriages, but very notable for their plenty of fish: for some one man out of an hold upon the Bure, hath drawn up ordinarily once a year, 
At Ranworth.  between two Nets, about five or six score bushels of fish at one draught. The Waveney and the lesser Ouse are also Navigable and of great use. The residue I omit.  
(3) The People were anciently called ICENI, as they also of Suffolk, Cambridge-shire, and Huntington-shire, and supposed to be of them whom Caesar nameth Cenimagni; Ptolemic, Simeni; some Tigeni. Their manners were likely to be as the rest of the Britain's, barbarous at those times, as appeareth by Caesar and Tacitus. Neither can I otherwise commend their Successors the Saxons: for so also their own Countryman Ethelwerd termeth them. Since the entry of the Normans, they have been counted civil and ingenious, apt to good Letters, adorning Religion with more Church●s and Monasteries than any Shire of England, and the Laws and Seats of Justice (for many ages) with some excellent men; from whom most of our chief Families, and some of the greatest Nobility of the Kingdom, have taken advancement. And herein is Norfolk fortunate, that as Crete boasted of an hundred Cities, so may she of an hundred Families of Gentlemen, never yet (that searching I can find) attainted of high Treason. How the government of this Country was about Caesar's time, is uncertain, but (agreeable, no doubt, to the rest of the Britain's) under some peculiar Toparch or Regulus, as Tacitus termeth him. The latter Romans held it by two Garrisons, one at Gariannum near Yarmouth; the other at Branodunum, now called Brancastre, both of horse, and commanded by the Comes Maritimi Tractus, as Marcellinus calleth him, termed after Comes Littoris Saxonici. Upon the entry of the Saxons, this County with Suffolk fell in the portion of the Angles, and about the year 561. were together erected into a Kingdom by Vffa, 
Aethol. 833. Hunting. lib. 2.  of whom the succeeding Kings were tituled Vffines. But having suffered many Tempests of Fortune, it was in year 870. utterly wasted and extinct by Hunger and Hubba the Danes, who overthrew the virtuous King Edmund about Thetford, and after martyred him at S. Edmundsbury. Yet they did not long enjoy it: for King Edward shortly recovered it from them, and annexed it to his other Kingdoms. The Danes notwithstanding inhabited abundantly in these parts, so that many of our Towns were founded by them, and a great part of our people and Gentry are risen out of their blood.  
(4) This Kingdom of East Angles was after allotted to an Earldom of that name by William the Conqueror, who made Radulph a Britain, marrying his kinswoman. Eal●e thereof; but gave the greatest parts of this County about Wimondham, Keninghall, Lenn, Burneham, Fulmerston, etc. to W. de Albany, Pincernae, and W. de Warranna Forrestario. who to strengthen themselves (according to the use of that time) with the homage and service of many Tenants, divided large portions of the same amongst their friends and followers; so that most of the Manors and Lands in the parts aforesaid, were in those days either mediately, or immediately holden of one of them. And as Norfolk and Suffolk were first united in a Kingdom, then in an Earldom, so they continued united in the Sheriffewicke till about the fifteenth year of Queen Elizabeth.  

Norwich. Lenn. Yarmouth.  (5) The Towns here are commonly well built, and populous; three of them being of that worth and quality, as no one Shire of England hath the like, Norwich, Lenn, and Yarmouth: to which for ancient reputation (as having been a seat of the Kings of East-Angles) I may add Thetford, 
Thetford.  known to Antoninus, and elder ages, by the name of Sitomagus, when the other three were yet in their infancy, and of no esteem: for I accept not the Relations of the Antiquity and state of Norwich in the time of the Britain's and Saxons, though Alexander Nevil hath well graced them. Her very name abridgeth her Antiquity, as having no other in Histories but Norwich, which is mere Saxon or Danish, and signifieth the North-Towne, 
Becan G●●  Castle, or winding of a River. It seemeth to have risen out of the decay of her neighbour Venta, now called Castor, and as Master Cambden noteth, 
H●vend 129.  not to have been of mark before the entry of the Danes, who in the year 1004. under Sweno their Captain, first sacked, and then burn it, even in her infancy. Yet in the days of Edward the Confessor it recovered to 1220. Burgesses. But maintaining the cause of Earl Radulph aforesaid against the Conqueror, they were by famine and sword wasted to 560. at which time the Earl escaping by Ship, his Wise upn composition yielded the Castle, and followed. In William Rufus time it was grown famous for Merchandise and concourse of people; 
Mal●a. sol. 104.  so that Herbert then translating the Bishopric from Thetford thither, made each of them an ornament to other. In variety of times it felt much variety of fortune: By fire in An●o 1508. By extreme plagues, 
Alex. Nevil.  whereof one in An. 1348. was so outrage us, as 57104. are reported to have died thereof between the Calends of January and of July. By misery of war, as sacked and spoilt by the Earl of Flaunders and Hugh Bigod, Anno 1174. In yielding to Lewis the French, against their natural Lord King john, Anno 1216 By the disinherited Barons, Anno 1266. By tumult and insurrection between the Citizens and Churchmen: once about the year 1265. which if Henry the third had not come in prison to appease, the City was in hazard to be ruined▪ The second time in Anno 1446. for which the Major was deposed, and their Liberties for a while seized. In Edward the sixths' time, by Ketts rebellion, whose fury chiefly raged against this City. Since this it hath flourished with the blessings of Peace, Plenty, Wealth, and Honour: so that Alexander Nevil doubteth not to prefer it above all the Cities of England, except London. It is situate upon the River Hierus, in a pleasant valley, but on rising ground, having on the Last the Hills and Heath called Mussold for Moss-would, as I take it. In the seventeeths year of King Stephen it was new founded, 
Mussold.  and made a Corporation. In Edward the firsts time closed with a fair Wall, saving on a part that the River defendeth. First governed by four Bailiffs; then by Henry the fourth in Anno 1403. erected into a Majoralty and County; the limits whereof now extend to Eatonbridge. At this present it hath about thirty Parishes, but in ancient time had many more.  
(6) Lenn having been an ancient Borough under the government of a Bailiff or Reve, 
Lenn.  called Praetositus, was by King john in the sixth year of his Reign made Liber Burgus, and (besides the gift of his memorable ●up, which to this day honoureth this Corporation) endowed with divers fair Liberties. King Henry the third in the seventeenth year of his Reign (in recompense of their service against the outlawed Barons in the Isle of Ely) enlarged their Charter, and granted them further, to choose a Major Loco Praepositi: unto whom King Henry the eight, in the sixteenth year of his Reign, added twelve Aldermen, a Recorder, and other Officers, and the bearing of a Sword before the Major. But the Town coming after to the same King, he in the nine and twentieth year of his Reign, changed the name, from Lenn Episcopi, to Lenn Regis.  
(7) Yarmouth is the Key of the Coast, 
Yarmouth.  named and seated by the mouth of the River Year. Begun in the time of the Danes, and by small accessions growing populous, made a Corporation under two Bailiffs by King Henry the third, and by his Charter, about the fifteenth year of his Reign, walled. It is an ancient member of the Cinque Ports, very well built and fortified, having only one Church (but fair and large) founded by Bishop Herbert, in William Rufus days. It maintaineth a Peer against the Sea, at the yearly charge of five hundred pound, or thereabout: yet hath it no possessions, as other Corporations, but like the children of Aeolus and Thetis, Maria & 4. ventos, as an Inquisitor findeth, Anno 10. Henry third. 
Go●am M. de Patishulll Wade Everwicke. etc.  There is yearly in September the worthiest Herring-fishing in Europe, which draweth great concourse of people, and maketh the Town much the richer all the year, but very unsavoury for the time. The Inhabitants are so courteous, as they have long held a custom to feast all persons of worth, repairing to their Town.  
(8) The Bishoprik of Norwich had first her seat at Dunwich in Suffolk, 
The Bishopric.  and was there begun by Foelix, who converted this County, and the East-Angles to the Faith. Being brought out of Burgundy by Sigebert (the first Christian King of the East-Angles) he landed at Ba●ingley by Lenn, and there builded the first Church of these Countries which in his memory, is at this day called by his Name. The second he built at Sharnbourn then of wood, and therefore called Stock-Chappell. After Foelix and three of his Successors, this Bishopric was divided into two Sets: the one with eleven Bishops in sucession, continuing at Dunwich; the other with twelve at Elmham in Norfolk. Then united again in the time of King Edwin, the entire See for twelve other Bishops remained at Elmham, and in the conquerors time was by his Chaplain Arfustus (being the thirteenth) translated to Thetford, from thence by Herbert (his next successor save one) bought of William Rufus for nineteen hundred pounds, and brought to Norwich. This Herbert (surnamed Losinga a Norman) builded the Cathedral Church there, and endowed it with large possessions. Not far from thence he also builded another Church to S. Leonard, a third at Elmham, a fourth at Lenn, (S. Margaret's, a very fair one) and the fifth at Yarmouth before mentioned. By the Cathedral Church he builded a Palace for the Bishops, and founded the Priory there (now converted to Deane and Chapter) and another Priory at Thetford. Since his time the Bishops See hath immovably remained at Norwich, but the ancient Possessions are severed from it▪ and in lieu thereof the Abbey and Lands of S. Benedict of Holme annexed to it. The Commodities of this County I have contained in these four Verses: 
Ingenio & populi cultu Norfolcia clara est:  
Hinc fluviis, illinc Insula clausa mari;  
Quaratis, & vellus, frumenta, cuniculus, agnus,  
Lac scatet, & pisceses, pabula, mella, crocus.   
This Description of Norfolk, I received from the Right Worshipful, Sir HENRY SPELMAN, Knight.   map of Norfolk 
NORFOLK WITH THE A COUNTY ARMS OF SUCH FLOURISHING NOBLE FAMILIES & POPULOUS AS HAVE BORNE DESCRIBED THE TITLES AND DIVIDED THEREOF.  
WITH THE ARMS OF SUCH NOBLE FAMILIES AS HAVE BORNE THE TITLES THEREOF.  


HVNDRED● in Norfolk.  
1. SMethdon.  
2. Brothercrosse.  
3. North-Grenchoe.  
4. H●lse.  
5. North Erpingham.  
6. Tunstad.  
7. Happing.  
8. West-Flegg.  
9 Blowse●ld.  
10. Tavarham.  
11. south-Erpingham.  
12. Eynsford.  
13. Gallowe.  
14. Fr●cbridge.  
15. Laundiche.  
16. Mitsorde.  
17. Forchoce.  
18. Humbleyarde.  
19 Heustead.  
20. Lod.  
21. Clave●●ng.  
22. Earsham.  
23. Depwarde.  
24. Dysse.  
25. Gyltcrosse.  
26. Shorpham.  
27. Waylond.  
28. South-Grenchoe.  
29. Walsham.  
30. Cla●kelosse.  
31. Grymshooc.   


A  
Accle, Blow.  
Aileswythorpe, Fr●cb.  
Alby, Southerpe.  
Albu●rough▪ Norther.  
Alburghe, Earsh.  
Aldeby, clav.  
Alderford, Eyns.  
Alpington, clav.  
Althorpe, Gal.  
Anmer, Fr●cb.  
Antingham, Norther.  
Appleton, Fr●cb.  
Armingale, Henst.  
Ashby, Fl●g.  
Ashby, clav.  
Ashill, Wayl.  
Ashmonhangle, Tuns.  
Ashwelthorp, Depw.  
Aslacton, Depw.  
Attlebridge, Tav●r.  
Attleburgh, s●rop.  
AYL●SHAM, S. Er.  
Aylmerton, Norther.    


B  
Baconsthorp, south.  
Bagthorpe▪ Gal.  
Banham, Gyl.  
Baningham, souther.  
Barford, Forc.  
Barmer, Gal.  
Barney, Norther.  
Barneham, Forc.  
Barningham Northwood, N E  
Barningham, north.  
Barningham, south.  
Barrow, Mit.  
barrow, Clau.  
Bartonblendish, clav▪  
Berwick in the brakes, Smo.  
Berwick. For●.  
Basham North, Gal.  
Basham West, Gal.  
Basham East. Gal.  
Bassingham, Norther.  
Bastwicke, Fleg.  
Bathely, Holt.  
Bawburgh, Forc.  
Bawdeswell, Eyns.  
Bawsey, Fr●cb.  
Bayseild, Holt.  
Becham west, south.  
Becham east, N. Er.  
Beddenham, Clau.  
Beeston, Laun●.  
Beeston S. Laurence, Tun  
B●igton, Blow. S. Benet, Tunst.  
Bensted, Hap.  
Berningham, Southe.  
North Berningham, N. E.  
Berningham Winter, N. E.  
Berrowe, Mit.  
Besthorpe, Shrop.  
Beston, Northerp.  
Beston, Tavar.  
Betely, La●md.  
Bexwell, clack.  
Bicham-well, clack.  
Bidlesworth, Guilt.  
Bilaughe, Eyns.  
Billingford, Earsh.  
Billingford, Eynes.  
Bilney east, Laun.  
Binere, Eynes  
Bittering little, Laun.  
Bixley, Henst.  
Bixton, Forc.  
Blackney, holt.  
Blickling, Southerp.  
Blingham north, Blo.  
Blingham south, Blo.  
Blow no●ton, Guilt.  
Blowfeild, Blow.  
Bodham, holt.  
Bodney, Southgr.  
Booton, Southgr.  
Borowgh, Southerp.  
Bowthrope, Forc.  
Bowton, Clac.  
Bracenash●, humh.  
Bradfeild, Tunst.  
Braddenham east, Southgr.  
Braddenham west, Southg.  
Brancaster, Smeth.  
Brandon littl●, Forc.  
Branston, Eynes.  
Bramerton, henst.  
Brampton, Southerp.  
Breckles, Wayl.  
Brieston, Blow.  
Bresingham, Dyss.  
Brettenham, Shrop.  
Bridgham, Shrop.  
Briston, holt.  
Bristlye, Laun.  
Brockdishe, Earsh.  
Broke, clav.  
Brome, Forc.  
Brome, clav.  
Bronesthorpe, Gal.  
Brynton, hol●.  
Brundall, Blow.  
Buckenham little, Gr.  
Buckenham old, Shr.  
NEW BUCKENHAM,  
Bucknam, Blow.  
Buckton, Tunst.  
Bunwell, Depw.  
Burcham great, Smc.  
Burcham Newton, Smeth.  
Burnham depdale, Br.  
Burnham thorpe, Bro.  
Burnham Sutton, Br▪  
Burnham Norton, Br▪  
Burnham westgate, B●  
BURNHAM OVE●OY, Bro.  
Burningham, Holt.  
Burrough, clav.  
Burrow, holt.  
Burston, Dyss.  
Burtos, West-Fleg.  
Burton, Tunst.  
Buxton, Southerp.  
Bylawgh, Southerp.  
Bylney west, Fr●cb.  
Bylockby, West Fleg.  
Bynham, Northgr.    


C  
Caister, East-Fleg.  
Calthorpe, Southerp.  
Cantley, Blow.  
Carbrocke, Wayl.  
Carleton, H●●mb.  
Carleton, clav.  
Carleton, For●.  
Carleton wood, Dep.  
Caster, East Fleg.  
Castleacre, Fr●cb.  
Castor, Hensted.  
Catfeild, H●p.  
Catton, Tavar.  
CAWSTON, Sout.  
Chappelgate, F●r●ho.  
Chetgrave, claver.  
Claxton, claver.  
CLAY, Holt.  
Clay, Southgr.  
Clench wharton, Fr.  
Cippisby, West-Fcl.  
Coethorpe, Northgr.  
Colbye, Southerp.  
Colk●rke, Land.  
Collney▪ Humb.  
Coltish●ll, southerp.  
Corpustie, souther.  
Cost●slye, Forcho.  
Coston, Forcho.  
Cortnell, clack.  
Cougham, Fr●cbr.  
Congrine ●lu.  
Coulston, Grymsh.  
Coulton, Forcho.  
Crandworth, Mit.  
Cranwiche, Gryms.  
Creike North, Bro.  
Creike South, Bro.  
Cressingham little, south.  
Cressingham Great, south.  
Crimplesham, clack.  
Cringleford, Humb.  
CROMER, Norther.  
Croskeyes, Fr●cb.  
Croston, Gallow.  
Crostwicke, Taver.  
Crostwicke, Tunst.  
Crownethorpe, Forc.  
Croxton, Gryms.    


D  
Denham west, clack  
Wood Dalling, Eyns.  
Denber, clack.  
Denton, Earsh.  
Depeham, Forc.  
Dereham west, clack.  
DEREHAM EAST, mit.  
Dersingham, Fr●cbr.  
Dilham, Tunst.  
Didlington, Tunst.  
Didlington, southgr.  
Didlington, Land.  
Ditchingham, claver.  
Docking, smeth.  
Downeham, Forcho.  
DOWNEHAM, cla.  
Drayton, Taver.  
Dunham little, Laun.  
Dunham great, Laun.  
Dunston, humble,  
Dunton, Gallow.  
Dykebu●gh, Dyss.  
DYSSE, Dysse.    


E  
Easton, Forcho.  
Easton, Wayl.  
Eccles, shrop.  
Eccles, Hap.  
Edingthorpe, Tunst.  
Edgefeild, Holt.  
S● Edmond, smeth.  
Egmer, Northgr.  
Ellingham little, Way  
Ellingham great, sbr.  
Ellingham, claver.  
Elinham north▪ Laun▪  
Elmerton, Norther.  
Elsing, Eynes.  
Emneth, Fr●cb.  
Engham, Hap.  
Erisham, Earsh.  
Erleham, Humb.  
Erpingham, souther.  
Estington, Depw.  
Estington, Fr●cb.  
Eton, Norw.    


F  
FAKENHAM, Gall.  
Farfeild, Dysse.  
Feildalling, Northgr.  
Felbridge, Northerp.  
Felmingham, Tu●st.  
Feltwell, Grymsh.  
Felthorpe, Taver.  
Filbye, East-Fleg.  
Fincham, clack.  
Fishley, Blow.  
Flitcham, Fr●cb.  
Flordon, Humb.  
Fomset peter, Depw.  
Fordham, clac.  
Forehooe, Forth.  
Foullsham, Eynes.  
Fowlden, southgr.  
Foxley, Eynes.  
Framingham Earl, Henst.  
Framingham Pigot, Henst.  
Fransham little, Lau.  
Fransham great, Lau.  
Freethorpe, Blow.  
Frense, Dysse.  
Frettenham, Taver.  
Fringe, smeth.  
Frytton, Depw.  
Fulmerston, Gallow.  
Fundenhall, Depw.    


G  
Garboiesthorpe, clac.  
Garboldisham, Guilt.  
Gravelston, wit.  
Gasthorpe, Guilt.  
Gatelye, Land.  
Gatesend, Gallow.  
Gayton, Fr●cb.  
Gaytontho●pe, Fr●cb.  
Gaywood, Fr●cb.  
Geist, Eynes.  
Geistwicke, Eynes.  
Gelston, clack.  
Germans, Fr●cb.  
Gillington all Saints, clav.  
Gillingham Marry, clav.  
Glamford, Holt.  
Godwicke, Land.  
Gooderston, southgr.  
Gresham, Northerp.  
Gressenhall, Land.  
Grymston, Fr●cb.  
Gunton, Northerp.  
Gunthorpe, Holt.  
Gymingham, north.  
Gyssing, Dysse.    


H  
Hackforth, Forcho.  
Hackford, Eynes.  
Haddescoe, cla●.  
Hales, claver.  
Halvergote, Blow.  
Hanworth, Northerp.  
Hapsburgh, Hap.  
Hardingham, mit.  
Harwick, Depw.  
Harleing west, Guilt.  
HARLEING EAST, Gyl.  
HARLESTON, Ea.  
Harpham, s●rop.  
Harpley, Fr●cb.  
Hassingham, Blow.  
Hayham, Nor.  
Hayham, Hap.  
Haynford, Tavar.  
Hearhold, humh.  
Heatherset, humh.  
Hecham▪ smeth.  
Heckingham, clav.  
Heddenham▪ clav.  
Helgaye, clack.  
Hellesden, Tav.  
Hellington, clav.  
Helloughton, Gall.  
Hemlington, Blow.  
Hempnoll, Depw.  
Hempstead, holt.  
Hempton, Gallow.  
Hemstead, hap.  
Hemysbye, East Fle.  
Henlond, Eynes.  
Henyngham, souther.  
Heringby, Fleg.  
Heydon, souther.  
HICKTING, hap.  
Higher Flu.  
Hilborough, southgr.  
Hilderston, Eynes.  
Hillington, Fr●cb.  
Hindringham, Nort.  
Hobbies little, south.  
Hobbies great, south.  
Hockering, mit.  
Hockham, shrop.  
Hockwold, Gryms.  
Hoo-cum delington, Laun.  
Hoffton S. John, Tunst.  
Hoffton S. Peter, Tunst.  
HOLT, holt.  
Holkham, Northgr.  
Holme, clac.  
Holme, smeth.  
Holmhall, southgr.  
Homingham, Forc.  
Honinge, Tunst.  
Hopton, Depw.  
Hormingtost, Land.  
Horning, Tunst.  
Horsey, hap.  
Horsford, Taver.  
Horsham S. Faiths, Taver.  
Horsted, Taver.  
Hoveston, hensted.  
Houghton, Gallow.  
Houlton, Gallow.  
Houlton, Northgr.  
Houlton on the hill, south.  
How, claver.  
Hunstanton, smeth.  
Hunworth, holt.  
Hundford, grymsh.  
HYNGHAM, Forc.    


I  
Ickborowe, grymsh.  
Jermans, Fr●cb.  
Illington, shrop.  
Ingalsthorpe, smeth.  
Ingworth, southerp.  
Intwood, humh.  
Itteringham, souther.    


K  
Kelling, holt.  
Kempston, Land.  
Keningall guilt.  
Keswicke, Tunst.  
Keswicke, humh  
Ketheringham humh.  
Ketleston, gallow.  
Kemberley, For●ho.  
Kirby bedon, henst.  
Kirsted, claver.  
Knapton, Northerp.  
Kyrby, claver.  
Kylverston, Northerp.    


L  
Laister, henst.  
Lakenham, Northwi.  
Lammas, southerp.  
Langford, southgr.  
Lanhall, claver.  
Langham, holt.  
Langley, claver.  
Langmer, Earsh.  
Lesiat, Fr●cb.  
Lessingham, hap.  
Letheringset, holt.  
Letton, mit.  
Lexham east, Land.  
Lexham west, Land.  
Lingwood, Blow.  
Limpenho●, Blow.  
Loddon, claver.  
Longham, Laud.  
Lopham north, guilt  
Lopham south, guilt.  
Ludham, h●pp.  
Lycham, Laun●.  
Ling, Eynes.  
Lynne west, Fr●cb.  
LYNNE REGIS, Fr●c.  
Litlingford, shrop.    


M  
Mandlen, Fr●cb.  
Manington, souther.  
Mantby, East-Fleg.  
Marham, clac.  
Marketsted, Forc.  
Markingham, Forc.  
Marsham, southerp.  
Martham, West-Fleg.  
Martin, Wayl.  
S. mary's Fr●cb.  
Massingham little, Fr●cb.  
Massingham great, Fr●cb  
Matlaske, Norther.  
Martial, mit.  
Meadham, Earsh.  
Melton, holt.  
Melton great, humh.  
Melton little, humh.  
Merston, holt.  
Methwold, grymsh.  
Metton, Northerp.  
S. Michal, East fleg.  
Midleton, fr●cb.  
Moreley, forcho.  
Morningthorpe, Dep.  
Moulton, Depw.  
Moulton, Blow.  
Moundeford, gryms.  
Mulberton, humh.  
Mundham, claver.  
Munslie, North●rp.  
Murton, Eynes.  
M●leham, Land.  
Myntlin, fr●cb.    


N  
Narborough, southgr  
Narford, southgr.  
Necton, southgr.  
Nedham, Earsh.  
Neusheard, Tunst.  
Newton, Taver.  
Newton, Fr●cb.  
Newton west, Fr●cb.  
Newton, Henst.  
Newton, southgr.  
N●wton slotman, hu.  
Northwold, gryms.  
Wood Norton, Eynes.  
Norton super Mount, Eyn.  
Norton, Claver  
NORWICHE, Nor.    


O  
Oby, West-Fleg.  
O●●esbye, East-Fle.  
Ormesbye S. Michael, E. Fl.  
Osmondston, Dysse.  
Overstrand, North●.  
Ovington, Wayl.  
Oulton, southerp.  
Ouse Flu.  
Owtw●ll, Clac.  
Oxborough, southgr.  
Oxn●t, southerp.  
Oxbrand, North.  
Oxwicke, Land.    


P  
Palling, Hap.  
Panxford, Blow.  
Paston Tunste●.  
Patt●sley, Land.  
Pentney, ●recb.  
Pensthorpe, g●l.  
Pickenham North, southgr.  
Pickenham South, southgr.  
Plumsted Northerp.  
Plumsted great, Blo.  
Plumsted little, Blo.  
The old Podicke, clack.  
The new Podicke, clack.  
Porland, henst.  
Postwick, Blow.  
Presthouses, clack.  
Prumsted, hap.  
Pudding-norton, gall  
Pulham-mary▪ Earsh.  
Pulham-market▪ Ear.    


Q  
Quiddenham, guilt.    


R  
Rackey, Tau.  
Ramgate, forc.  
Ranworth, Blow.  
Raveringham, clav.  
Raynham south, gall  
Raynham east, gall.  
Raynham west, gall.  
Rednell, Earsh.  
Redham, Blow.  
Remirston, mit.  
REPEHAM, Eynes.  
Reppes south, North.  
Reppes north, Norther.  
Reppi●, West-fleg.  
Riborough little, gall.  
Riborough great, gall  
Ringland, Eynes.  
Ringstead, smeth.  
Rockland, shrop.  
Rockland, henst.  
Rockland, way.  
Rolt-bye, west-fleg.  
Rougham, Land.  
Roughton, north.  
Rowdham, shrop.  
Roydon, Dysse.  
Roydon, fr●●b.  
Roxam, clack.  
Rudham west, g●l.  
Rudham east, gall.  
Rington, clack.  
Runham, East-fleg.  
Runhall, forc.  
Runton, north.  
Runton north fr●cb.  
Rushall, Earsh.  
Rusham, Land.  
Rushforth, guilt.  
Ruston, clack.  
Ruston east, hap.  
Rising Castle, fr●cb.    


S  
Saham, Waylan●.  
Salhouse, Tave.  
Salthouse, holt.  
Salt●rnlode, fr●cb.  
Sand●ngham, fr●cb.  
saul, Eyns.  
Saxlingham, holt.  
Saxlingham▪ henst.  
Saxthorpe, souther.  
Scarning, Land.  
Scornston, south.  
Scorn●ton▪ Tunst.  
Scottby▪ East-fleg.  
Sederston, gall.  
Sedg●ord, smeth.  
Sething, ●la●.  
Sistead, north.  
Sharington, holt.  
Shelfaner, Dysse.  
Sheltong, Dep.  
Sherborne, smeth.  
shereford, gall.  
Sheringham, north  
Shimpling mull▪ Dyss  
Shingham, clac.  
Shipdham, mit.  
Shottesham, henst.  
Showldham, Clack.  
Showldham, shrop.  
Skeyton, south.  
Skottough, south.  
Skoulton, way.  
Skulthorpe, gall.  
Slingham, he●st.  
Sloly, Tunst.  
Smalborough, Tunst  
S●●terington, shrop.  
Snoring great, Northgr.  
Snoring little, gall.  
Sommerton west, we. i'll.  
Sommerton east, we. i'll  
Sothery, clac.  
Soowode, Blow.  
Southacre, southgr.  
Southbridge, mit.  
●perham, E●ns.  
Spixford▪ Tav.  
Sporle, southgr.  
Sprowst●n, Tav.  
Stalham, hap.  
Stanfeild, Land.  
Stanfeild, fore.  
Stanford, grim.  
Stanhow, smeth.  
Staninghall▪ Tav.  
Starston, Earsh.  
Stihard, gall.  
Stifkey, Northg.  
Stoake, henst.  
Stockton, clav.  
Stoke●bye, East-fleg  
Stooke, clack.  
Stowe, wa●l.  
Stowe, clack.  
Stradsert, clack  
Stratton null Depw.  
Stratton Marry Depw  
Stratton, souther.  
Strumshaw●, Blow.  
Sturston, grim  
Study holt.  
Susted, Norther.  
Suffeild, Norther.  
SWETISHAM. smet.  
Sutton, hap.  
Sutton, forc.  
SWAFFHAM, south.  
Swanton, holt.  
Swanton morley, Land.  
Swanton Abbot●, souther.  
Swarditonney, h●m.  
Swayfeild, Tunst.  
Swenington, Eyns.  
Swinsthorpe, humh.  
Sydestroude▪ Norther.  
Sylfeild▪ s●rcho.  
Sysland, claver.    


T  
Taco●neston, Depw.  
Tarsh●m▪ Earsh.  
Tasborowe, Depw.  
Tatterset, gallow.  
Tatterford, gallow.  
Taverham, Taver.  
Terrington, fr●cb.  
Teslerton, gallow.  
Tharne, fleg.  
Tharston, Depway.  
Thelveton, Dysse.  
Themilthorpe▪ Eyns.  
THETFORD, shor.  
Thorpe, Earsh.  
Thorpe little, Dysse.  
Thorpe, forchoc.  
Thorpe, cla●er.  
Thorpe Norwich, Bl.  
Thorpe market, Nor.  
Thornag●, holt.  
Thorneham, smeth.  
Thorpland gallow.  
Thr●xton, way.  
Thrickby, East-fleg.  
Thurgarton, north.  
Thurlton, claver.  
Thurning, Eynsford.  
Thursford, Northg.  
Thursten, cla●er.  
Thuxton, mit.  
Thwate, claver.  
Thwayte▪ south.  
Tithwell, sm●th.  
Terrington, fr●cb.  
Tittlesh●ll, Land.  
Titshall Market. Dyss  
Titshall Mary, Dysse.  
Tompson, wail.  
Topcrost, claver.  
Toast, wail.  
Tostes west, grim.  
Tostes, gallow.  
Tostes, smeth.  
Tostmonachorum▪ C.  
Tortington, way.  
Townegreene, forc.  
Trowse, henstead.  
Trunche, north.  
Trymingham, North.  
Tuddenham North, mit.  
Tuddenham East, mit.  
Tunstall, Blow.  
Tunstad, Tunst.  
Tuttington, south.  
Twyford, Eyns.  
Tybenh●m Depw.  
Tylney▪ fr●cb.  
Tyvetshall Margaret, Dysse.  
Tyvetshall Marry, Dysse.    


V  
Up on, B●ow.  
U●well▪ cla●k.  
Ursted, Tunst.    


W  
Walcott, hap.  
Wallington, clack.  
Walpo●le fr●cb.  
WALSHAM NORTH, Tun.  
Waltham south, Blo.  
WALSINGHAM GREAT.  
Walsingham old, North.  
Walsoken, frcb.  
Walton, Depw.  
Walton west, fr●cb.  
Walton e●st, fr●cb.  
Warham, Northg.  
Waterden, B●oth.  
Watlington, clack.  
Wattlefe●ld, forcho.  
WATTON, way.  
Waveney Flu.  
Waxham, hap.  
Wayborne hope, holt.  
Wayborne, holt.  
Wearham clack.  
Weeting, grim.  
Welborne, forcho.  
Welles, Northg.  
Wellingham, Land  
Wendling, Land.  
Wesenham▪ Land.  
Wes●acre, forth.  
Westfeild▪ mit.  
Weston, Eyns.  
Westwicke, Tunst.  
Whetacre, clav.  
Whetacre borrow, clav.  
Whitw●ll, Fyns.  
Wh●nbrough▪ mit.  
Wickhamton Blow.  
Wicklewood, forc.  
Wickmer, souther.  
Wighton, Northg.  
Wightlingham, henst.  
Wign●ll peters, fr●cb.  
Wikin, fr●cb.  
Wilton, grymsh.  
Wim●oresham, clack.  
Winsder F●u.  
Winterton, west-fleg.  
Wintertonnesse, west-fl.  
Wissingset, Land.  
Wiston, holt.  
Witchingham great, Eyn.  
Witchingham little, Eyn.  
Wolverton, fr●cb.  
Woodrising, mit.  
Woodbaswick Blow.  
Woolvert●n, souther.  
Wormgave, clack.  
WORSTEAD, Tun.  
Worthing, Land.  
Wortwell, Ears●.  
Wott●n, clav.  
Wotton south, fr●cb.  
Wotton north, fr●cb.  
Wramplingham, so.  
Wremingham, hum  
Wrettham west, shr.  
Wrettham east, shr.  
Wretton, clack.  
Wroxham, Tav.  
Wrungey, fr●cb.  
Wylby, shrop  
WYMONDHAM.  
winch west, fr●cb.  
winch east, fr●cb.  
Wyndall, clav.  
Wyn●arthing, Dysse.  
Wytton, Blow.  
Wytton, Tunst.  
Wyverton, holt.    


Y  
YARMOUTH, E●st.  
Yardley, clav.  
Yeaxham, mit.  
Yelvert●n, henst.      

CAMBRIDGE-SHIRE, written by the English-Saxons, Grent-brig-scyre, 
The ancient Saxons name of this S●ire.  lieth bounded upon the North with Lincolne-shire and Norfolk; upon the East with Norfolk and Suffolk; 
The bounds of it.  upon the South with Hartford-shire and Essex; and upon the West with Bedford and Huntington-shires.  

The length, breadth, and ●cumference.  (2) This Province is not large, nor for air greatly to be liked, having the Fens so spread upon her North, that they infect the air far into the rest: from whose furthest point unto Roiston in the South, are thirty five miles; but in the broadest is not fully twenty: the whole in circumference, traced by the compass of her many indents, one hundred twenty and eight miles.  

The Soil.  (3) The Soil doth differ both in Air and Commodities; the Fenny surcharged with waters: the South is Champion, and yieldeth Corn in abundance, with Meadowing-pastures upon both the sides of the River Came, which divides that part of the Shire in the midst, upon whose East-banke the Muses have built their most sacred Seat, where with plenteous increase they have continued for these many hundred years.  

Cambridge the University.  (4) For from ancient Grantcester, Camboritum by Antonine, now famous Cambridge, the other breast and Nurse-mother of all pious literature, have flowed full streams of the learned Sciences into all other parts of this Land and elsewhere: ancient indeed, if their Story be rightly writ, 
Ex historia Cantabrig. manuscript.  that will have it built by Cantaber a Spaniard, three hundred seventy five years before the birth of our Saviour, who thither first brought and planted the Muses. This City Grantcester by the tyranny of time lost both her own beauty and her professed Athenian Students, so that in Bedaes' days seven hundred years after the Word became flesh, it is described to lie a little desolate City, and as yet retaineth the name, without any memory of circuit by walls.  
Of this City, in the year of Christ Jesus 141. as the Monk of Burton doth report, nine Scholars received their Baptism, and became Preachers of the Gospel among the Britain's, which (as he saith) happened in the reign of Hadrian the Emperor. But when the Picts, Scots, Huns and Saxons had laid all things waste, and with their savage swords cut out the leaves of all civil learning, this (as the rest) yielded to destruction, and so lay forlorn till the Saxons themselves became likewise civil; 
Sigebert.  when Sigebert the first Christian King of the East-Angles, from the example of France, whither he had been banished▪ built Schools in his Kingdom, and here at Grantcester the chief, recalling thither the professors of Arts and Sciences, as the Story recordeth, and Traditions do hold.  
But afterwards, as it seemeth, their increase being straitened, the Students complained (as the Prophets did to Elisha) that the place was too little for them to dwell in, 
2 King. 6.1.  therefore enlarging more Northward seated themselves near unto the Bridge, whereupon the place began to be called Grant-bridge, though others from the crooked River Came will have it named Cambridge. 
Cambridge how it came to be called Grant-bridge.  This place (though sacred and exempted from Mars, as Sylla once spoke, when he spared Athens,) the Danes in their destructions regarded no whit, wherein they often wintered after their spoils, and left the scars of their savage sores ever behind them. And in the year 1010. when Suen in his fierceness bore down all before him, this place was no place for Scholars to be in: Wars loud Alarms ill consorting the Muse's mild Harmonies. Yet when the Normans had got the Garland on their heads, & these Danish storms turned into Sunshine days, Gislebert the Monk, with Odo, Terricus, and William, all three of the like Monastical Profession, in the reign of K. Henry the first, resorted unto this place, and in a public Barn read the Lectures of Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric, and Gistebert Divinity upon the Sabbath and Festival days. From this little fountain (saith Peter Blessensis) grew a great River, which made all England fruitful, by the many Masters and Teachers proceeding out of Cambridge, as out of a holy Paradise of God. The first College therein endowed with Possessions was Peter-house, 
Peter-house the fi●st College built.  built by Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely, in the year of Grace, 1284. whose godly example many others followed, so that at this day there are sixteen most stately Colleges and Hals, for building, beauty, endowments, & store of Students, so replenished, that unless it be in her other Sister Oxford, the like are not found in all Europe.  
But at what time it was made an University, let Robert de Remyngton tell you for me. In the Reign (saith he) of King Edward the First, Grantbridge, of a School, by the court of Rome, was made an University, such as Oxford is. Lastly, the Meridian line cutting the Zenith over this City, 
The graduation of the City.  is distant from the furthest West-point, according to Mercator, 20. degrees, 50. scruples, and the Arch of the same Meridian, lying between the Aequator and Verticall-point, is 52. degrees, 20. scruples.  
) 5) Another City formerly in great fame is Ely, 
The City of Ely.  by the Saxons Eli●, had in account for the repute and holiness of Votary Nuns there residing; built first by Audrey wife to one Tombret a Prince in this Province, 
Saint Audrey.  who had this place as a part of her Dowry: she having departed from her second Husband Egbert King of Northumberland, devoted herself to the service of God, and built here a Monastery, whereof she became the first Abbess. This in the Danish desolation was destroyed, but soon after re-edified by Ethelw●ld Bishop of Winchester, who stored it with Monks; unto whom King Edgar granted the jurisdiction over four Hundreds and a half, within these Fens and the East-Angles limits, which to this day are called The Liberties of S. Audrey: after whose example many Nobles so enriched it with large Revenues, that as Malmesbury saith, the Abbot thereof laid up yearly in his own Coffers a thousand and four hundred pounds. And of latter times the Monks thereof became so wealthy, that their old decayed Church they renewed with new & most stately buildings, which is now the Cathedral of the Diocese, and for beauty giveth place to no other in the Land. Eight other foundations set apart from secular use in this Province, were at Thorney, Charteres, Denny, Elsey, Beach, Barnwel, 
The religious houses in this Province.  Swasey and Shengey, all which in the days of King Henry the Eight came to the period of their surpassing wealth, and left their Lands to the dispose of his Will.  
(6) The general commodity of this Shire is Corn, 
The Commodities of this County.  which in the South, and Champion part doth abundantly grow, as also Saffron, a very rich Spice. Some Woods are there, and Pasture both pleasant and profitable. The North part thereof is Fenny, but withal fruitful, whereof Henry of H●ntington and William of Malmesbury thus do write: This Fenny Country is passing rich and plenteous, yea, and beautiful also to behold, wherein is so great store of fish, that strangers do wonder, and waterfowl so cheap, that five men may therewith be satisfied with l●sse than an halfpenny.  
(7) Places of ancient note in this Shire are these, 
Places of ancient note. Erminstreet.  the Erminstreet-way, which upon the lower west parts of this County, thorough Roiston, runneth forthright unto Huntingdon. And from Reach a Market-town standing near to the River Came, a great Ditch and Trench is cast all along New-Market-Heath, which for the wonder conceived thereat, is of the vulgar called The Devil's ditch, being in truth made for a defence against the Mercians by the East-Angles, 
Devil's Ditch.  whose Kingdom is inverged. 
Gogm●gog hills. Henry Hunt.  The Gogmagog hills near Cambridge retain the remembrance of the Danish Station, where as yet on their tops is seen a Rampire, strengthened with a threefold Trench, whereof Gervase of Tilbury tells us many a pretty Tale.  
(8) This Shire is divided into seventeen Hundreds, 
The division of this Shire. Market towns. Castles. Parish Church's.  wherein are seated eight Market-Towns, and hath been strengthened with seven Castles, and God divinely honoured in 163. Parish-Churches.   map of Cambridgeshire 
CAMBRIDGSHIRE described with the division of the hundreds the Towns situation with the Arms of the Colleges of that famous Vniversiti.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Cambridge-shire.  


HUNDREDS in Cambridge-shire.  
1. Wisbich.  
2. Wichford.  
3. Ely.  
4. Staplehoo.  
5. Chevelie.  
6. Stane.  
7. Northstoe.  
8. Papworth.  
9 Chesterton.  
10. Flendishe.  
11. Radfeild.  
12. Chilford.  
13. Whittlesford.  
14. Thryplow.  
15. Wetherley.  
16. Stowe.  
17. Armingford.   


A  
Abington, Arming.  
Abington great, Chil.  
Abington little, Chil.  
Arrington, Weth.  
Ashley, Cheu.  
Aure, Which.  
Audrey causey, North.    


B  
Badburham, Chil.  
Badlingham, Staple.  
Balsham, Rad.  
Barrington, Weth.  
Bartlowe, Chil.  
Barton, Wether.  
Bassingborne, Arm.  
Bedelthey, Ely.  
Brame, Ely.  
Brinckley, Rad.  
Bottisham, Stane.  
Bourne, Stowe.  
Boxworth, Pap.  
Burrow, Rad.  
Burwells, Staple.    


C  
Cam Flu.  
Caldecott, Stowe.  
CAMBRIDGE, Flend.  
Castle Camps Chil.  
Shady Camps, Chil.  
Carleton, Rad.  
Catlidge, Cheu.  
Caxton, Stowe.  
The Chare, Which.  
Chatteris, Which.  
Chesterton, Chest  
Chetcham, Ely.  
Chevely, Cheve.  
Childerley, Chest  
Chippenham, Stap.  
Clopton, Wether.  
Clowcrosse, Which.  
Colham, Which.  
Weston colvil, Rad.  
Comberton, Wether.  
Conyngton, Pap.  
Copthall, Ely.  
Cottenham, Chest  
Cottenham, North.  
Coveney, Which.  
Crawden, Arming.  
Croxton, Stowe.    


D  
Ditton, Flend.  
Wood Ditton, Cheve.  
Dixford, Whittlesf.  
Denny, North.  
Doddington, Which.  
Downham, Ely.  
Dowsdale, Wis.  
Drayton fen, Pap.  
Dry Drayton, Chest  
Dullingham, Rad.    


E  
East great, Stowe.  
Eldernall, Which.  
Elm, Wis.  
Elsworth, Pap.  
Eltisley, Stowe.  
ELY, Ely.  
Erith causey, Which.  
Eversden great, Stowe.  
Eversden little, Stowe.    


F  
Fordham, Stap.  
Forton, Thryp.  
Fowlmere, Thryp.  
The Frith dike, Which.  
Fulburne little, Flend.  
Fulburne great, Flend.    


G  
Gamlinghey, Stowe.  
Gaton, Chest  
Girton, North.  
Gogmagog hills, Flend.  
Granceter, Wether.  
Gransden parva, Stowe.  
Gransden magna, Stowe.  
Graveley, Pap.  
Gyherne, Wis.    


H  
Haddenham, Which.  
Hardwick, Stowe.  
Harimere chap, Wis.  
Harlston, Thryp.  
Harlton, Wether.  
Hastingfield. Weth.  
Hatley East, Arming.  
Hatley S. George, Stowe.  
Hawxton, Thryp.  
Hildersham, Chil.  
Hinxton, Which.  
Hobbes house, Wis.  
Hogginton, North.  
Hormingsey, Flend.  
Horsheathe, Chil.  
Cherry Hynton, Flend.  
Hystons, Chest    


I  
Ickleton, Wic.  
Impington, North.  
Isellham, Stap.    


K  
Kennitt, Stap.  
Kingston, Stowe.  
Knapwell, Pap.  
Knesworth, Arming.  
Kyrtling, Cheu.    


L  
Landbeach, North.  
Landwade, Stap.  
New Leame, Wic.  
Watersey Leame, Wis.  
Leverington, Wis.  
Litlington, Arming.  
LITTLEPORT, Ely.  
Lowleworth, North.  
LYNTON, Chil.    


M  
Maddingley, North.  
Maden load, Ely.  
Maney, Which.  
S. mary's, Wis.  
Melborne, Arming.  
Melreth, Arming.  
Mepole, Which.  
Mershe, Which.  
Milton, North.  
Gilded Morden, Arming.  
Steple Morden, Arming.    


N  
Newbernes, Ely.  
NEWMARKET, Che.  
Newmarket-heath, Che  
Newton, Thryp.  
Newton, Wis.  
Norney, Ely.    


O  
Ouse Flu.  
Hour, Pap.  
Owtwell, Wis.  
Oxwell, Weth.    


P  
Pampisford, Chil.  
Papworth Evered, Pap.  
Papworth Agnes, Pap.  
Persondrove, Wis.  
Prickwillow, Ely.    


Q  
Quaney, Ely.    


R  
Rampton, North.  
Ramsey mere, Wic.  
REACH, Which.  
ROYSTON, Arm.    


S  
Sawston, Wit..  
Saxum, Cheu.  
Shelford great, Thryp.  
Shelford little, Thryp.  
Shengey, Arm.  
Sheperheth, Weth.  
Snaylwell, Stap.  
Soham, Stap.  
Soham mere, Stap.  
Statchworth, Rad.  
Stanton long, North.  
Stapleford, Thryp.  
Stontney, Ely.  
Stowe, Stowe.  
Stowe Choir, Stane.  
Streatham, Which.  
Streatham mere, North.  
Sutton, Which.  
Swaffham prior, Stane.  
Swaffham bulbeck, Stan  
Swavesey, Pap.    


T  
Tadlow, Arming.  
Teversham, Flend.  
Thetfort, Which.  
Thorney, Ely.  
Thorney, Which.  
Thryplowe, Thryp.  
Tofte, Stowe.  
Trokenhole, Wis.  
Trumpington, Thryp.  
Turbulsey, Ely.  
Tydd S. Gyles, Wis.    


V  
Vp-mere, Which.  
Vpware, Which.  
Vpwell, Wis.    


W  
Walton, Weth.  
Waterbeach, North.  
Welney, Ely.  
Wendy, Armin.  
Wentworth, Which.  
Westwick, Chest  
Westley, Rad.  
Whaddon, Arm.  
Whittlesey, Which.  
Whittlesey dike, Which.  
Whittlesey mere, Which.  
Whitwell, Weth.  
Wicham, Which.  
Wichford, Which.  
Wickham West, Chil.  
Wicken, Stap.  
Widford, Thryp.  
Wilberham great, Stane.  
Wilberham little, Stane.  
Wilberton, Which.  
Willingham, Pap.  
Willingham, Rad.  
Willington, Which.  
WISBICH, Wis.  
Witcham, Which.  
Wittlesford, Whit.  
West Wratting, Rad.  
Wymple, Weth.       

HERTFORD-SHIRE. CHAPTER XX.  

The bounds of Hertford-shire.  HERTFORD-SHIRE is bordered upon the North with Bedford and Cambridge-shires; upon the East, is altogether bounded by Essex; upon the South, is confined with Middlesex; and her West butteth upon Buckingham and Bedfordshires.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is somewhat circular, with many indents to fetch in those Towns that are dispersedly straggled into her next Shire: whereof Ro●ston and Totteridge are the two extremes from North to South, betwixt whom in a straight drawn line are twenty seven English miles, 
The length. The breadth.  and from Putnam Westward, to Cheston Nunnery in the East, are twenty eight; the whole circumference, about an hundred and thirty miles.  

The Air.  (3) The air is temperate, sweet, and healthful, as seated in a Climate neither too hot, nor too cold: the soil is rich, plenteous, and delightful, yielding abundance of Corn, 
The Soil.  Cattle, Wood & Grass, destitute of nothing that ministereth profit or pleasures for life, which are more augmented by the many Rivers that arise and run thorough this Shire, watering her own and others, till they empty themselves into the Sea.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) Her ancient Inhabitants in the time of the Romans were the Cattieuchlanians, or Cassiians, and the Trinobantes, as their Writers declare, and in the Heptarchy was possessed by the East-saxons, 
Ptol. Caesar. Tacitus.  excepting some small portion thereof that the Mercian Kings enjoyed. The Danes also in their over-running, sought to stay themselves in this Shire, and at Ware (than Wear) pitched down their rest and hope: 
Asserius.  for passing the Lea in their light Pinnaces and Shallops, raised therein a Fort, 
The Warns.  which maugre the English they kept, until● that by the wise policy of King Elfred, that River was parted into more running streams, whereby their Ships perished, and they intercepted both of provision and further supply.  

S. Alban.  (5) The Romans before them had made Verolamium in this Shire their greatest for account, which in Nero's time was a municipial, 
A Town endowed with the Privileges of Rome. Tacit. Annal. lib. 14. cap. 10.  as Ninius in his Catalogue of Cities doth call it, or as Tacitus, a Free Town; sacked by Bodua that ever eternised Queen of the Icenians, when seventy thousand of the Romans and Confederates by her revenging sword perished: the site and circuit whereof, in this Card we have set according to our view and measure there taken: whose magnificence for Port and stately Architecture, were found by her large and arched Vaults in the days of King Edgar, which were digged into and cast down by Elred and Edmer, Abbots of S. Albans, for that they were the receptacles and lurking-holes of Whores and Thiefs: the ruins of which have raised the beauty of her surviving and fair Saint Albans, where Offa the great Mercian in great devotion built a most stately Monastery, whose Church yet standing, retaineth the ashes of many Nobles, there slain in the quarrel of York and Lancaster; and a Font of solid brass brought out of Scotland by Sir Richard Lea, from the siege of Leeth.  
(6) Many other Towns, 
Market towns.  both for commerce, stately buildings, and of ancient Record, this Shire affordeth, whereof Hertford, though the Shire-Towne, is not the richest; the passage thorough Ware hath left her ways so untrodden: to prevent which, in former times that River at Ware was whained up, and the Bailiffs of Hertford had the custody of the Key: 
Hertford.  which howsoever they have lost, yet hath the Town gotten her Governor to be preferred from the name of a Bailiff, unto a Mayor, assisted with nine Burgesses, a Recorder, and two Sergeants their Attendants. Herein a Castle, for situation pleasant, for Trench, Walls, and River, sufficiently fenced, was lately seen; but marked to destiny, as the Town to decay, hath found the hand of Fortune to overmatch her strength, and to ruinate the Priory, S. Nicholas, and S. Mary's Churches, besides a Cell of S. Albans Monks, that therein were seated. The like fate falls unto Hemsted, 
Hemsted.  and her fair Castle, wherein Richard King of the Romans left his life. 
Langley.  Yet Langley is graced both in the birth of Prince Edmund the fifth son to King Edward the third, and the burial of Richard the second that unfortunate King, who in the Cell of Friar's Preachers was there first buried▪ but afterwards removed and enshrined at Westminster. And in another Langley, near and East from thence, was borne that Pontifical Breakspeare, Bishop of Rome, known by the name of Hadrian the fourth, (and famous for his stirrup-holding by Frederick the Emperor) whose breath was lastly stopped by a Fly that flew into his mouth.  
(7) The civil Battles that in this Shire have been fought, 
Civil Battles in this S●●●e.  in the Map itself are inserted, and therefore here omitted, but the more ancient remembered unto us by Oyster hill near S. Alban, whom the judicious Cambden supposeth to have been the Camp of Ostorius the second Lieutenant, and subduer of great Caractacus; as also seven small round Hills betwixt Stevennedge and Knebworth, in which are supposed some Roman Soldiers to lie buried.  
(8) Religious Houses built and suppressed, 
Religious houses erected and suppressed.  the chiefest for account in this S●ire, were S. Alban, Ro●ston, Ware, Spowell, Langley, besides them at Hertford, whom Beda calls Herudford: which Cities graduation is distant and removed from the Equator, 
The site of Hertford.  52. degrees, 5. minutes of Latitude, and set from the first point of the West, according to Mercator, in the 20. degree 29. minutes of Longitude. 
The Earls.  The Earldoms whereof, were enjoyed only by those two honourable Families, whose achievements we have also therein expressed.  
(9) This Counties division is into eight Hundreds, 
The Shires division.  wherein are seated eighteen Market Towns, and one hundred and twenty Parish-Churches, as in the Table inserted by their Alphabet are easily to be found.   map of Hertfordshire 
HARTFORD SHIRE DESCRIBED The sittuations of Hartford, and the most ancient town S Albon with such memorable actions as have happened  


HUNDREDS in Hertford-shire.  
1. ODsey, Hund.  
2. Edwinstree, Hun.  
3. Branghing, Hund.  
4. Brodewater, Hund.  
5. Hitching, Hund.  
6. Dacor, Hund.  
7. Hertford, Hund.  
8. Caisho, Hund.   


A.  
Abbotsbury, Edwinst.  
Ass●ey, Hitch.  
S. ALBAN, Caish.  
Aldbury, Dacor.  
Aldbury, Edwinst.  
Aldbury Hall, Edwinst.  
Aldenham, Caish.  
Alswick, Edwinst.  
Amwell little, Hert.  
Amwell great, Hert.  
Angabury, Hitch.  
Annables, Dacor.  
Anslye, Edwinst.  
Ashwell, Odsey.  
Aspender, Edwinst.  
Aston, Brod.  
Ayott Laurence, Brod.  
Ayott little, Brod.    


B  
The Beacon, Hert.  
The Beacon, Brod.  
The Beacon, Odsey.  
BALDOCK, Brod.  
BARKHAMSTED, D.  
Barkhamsted, Hert.  
BARKWAY, Edwinst.  
Barley, Edwinst.  
Bartrams, Brang.  
The Base, Hert.  
Beachams, Edwinst.  
Beaches, Edwinst.  
Beamonds, Caish.  
Beche Wood, Dacor.  
Bedmont, Caish.  
Bedwell, Hert.  
Bedwell Park, Hert.  
Bell Bare, Caish.  
Benington, Brod.  
Benjoy, Hert.  
HIGH BERNET, Caish.  
Bernet East, Caish.  
Bersted, Dacor.  
Berwick, Brang.  
Bibswell, Hitch.  
Bleakswaye, Brang.  
Bovington, Dacor  
Bourne Hall, Caish.  
Bourne end, Dacor.  
Box-wood, Brod.  
Bradfield, Odsey  
Bragherend, Brod.  
Bramsifield, Caish.  
Branfield, Hert.  
Branghing, Brang.  
Brickenden, Hert.  
High Bridge, Caish.  
Briggens, Brang.  
Brodwater, Brod.  
Brokell Hall, Brod.  
Broxboume Wood, Hert.  
Broxbome, Hert.  
Buckland, Edwinst.  
BUNTINGFORD, Ed.  
Burley, Brod.  
Burwells green, Brod.  
Bushey Hall, Dacor.  
Bushy, Caish.  
Bygrave, Odsey.    


C  
Caddington, Dacor.  
Caishoe, Caish.  
Caishoe Bridge, Caish.  
Caishoburie, Caish.  
Calkott, Odsey.  
Camberlow green, Odsey.  
Cassulburie, Brang.  
Chandose, Dacor.  
Cheisfield, Brod.  
Chepperfield, Dacor.  
Cheston, Hert.  
Cheston Park, Hert.  
Cheston Nunnery, Hert.  
Clothall, Odsey.  
Coddicott, Caish.  
Cokenhatch, Edwinst.  
Collier's End, Brang.  
Colshill, Dacor.  
Colney, Caish.  
Colvestreet, Caish.  
Coringley, Edwinst.  
Corner Hall. Dacor.  
Cottered, Odsey.  
High Cross, Brang.  
Cudicott, Hitch.  
Cuhollgate, Caish.    


D  
Dane End. Dacor.  
Dane End, Brod.  
Darnels, Brod.  
Datchworth, Brod.  
Digswell, Brod.  
Dogshed, Edwinst.    


E  
Eastwicke, Brang.  
Elstree, Caish.  
Epalletts, Hitch.  
Essenden, Hert.    


F  
Fincher end, Brod.  
Flamsteed, Dacor.  
Flaunden, Dacor.  
Fresden, Dacor.  
Friars, Brang.  
The Friars, Dacor.    


G  
Gabbins, Hert.  
Gabbins▪ Caish.  
Gadsden little. Dacor.  
Gadsden great, Dacor.  
Geldesden, Brang.  
Gigging, Edwinst.  
Gorehambury, Caish.  
Graveley, Brod.  
Gravesend, Edwinst.  
Grove, Caish.    


H  
Hadham great, Edwinst.  
Hadham little, Edwinst.  
Hadham nash, Edwinst.  
Halmeley, Brod.  
Haly, Hert.  
Harding, Dacor.  
Harpsfield Hall, Brod.  
HERTFORD, Hert.  
Hartingfordbury, Hert.  
Hatfield Wood, Hert.  
HATFIELD Bishops, Brod.  
Haulwicke, Brod.  
Helshams' Hall, Edwinst.  
HEMPSTEED, Dacor.  
Henxworth, Odsey.  
Hexton, Caish.  
Hide Hall, Odsey.  
Hidehall, Brang.  
Highover, Hitch.  
Highstreet, Dacor.  
Hillend, Caish.  
HITCHING, Hitch.  
HODDESDON, Hert.  
Horkerell, Brang.  
Holey, Hert.  
Hormead great, Edwinst.  
Hormead little, Edwinst.  
How End, Hitch.  
holwel, Brod.  
Hunsdon, Brang.  
Hyde, Caish.    


I  
Ickleford, Hitch.  
Ilestrey, Caish.    


K  
Kellshull, Odsey.  
Kempton, Hitch.  
Kensworth, Dacor.  
Kinswoodbury, Odsey.  
Kinsburne, Dacor.  
Knebworth, Brod.    


L  
Ladwell, Hitch.  
Laiston, Edwinst.  
No man's Land, Caish.  
Kings Langley, Dacor.  
Langley Abbey, Caish.  
Langley, Hitch.  
The Lea, Caish.  
Lechworth, Brod.  
Lenmere, Dacor.  
Levesden, Caish.  
Ludwell, Hitch.  
Ludwick Hall, Brod.  
lully, Hitch.    


M  
Mallocks, Brang.  
S. Marget's, Hert.  
Maiden Cross, Hitch,  
Meesden, Edwinst.  
Merden, Hert.  
Merston long, Dacor.  
S, Michael, Caish.  
Milford, Edwinst.  
Minhall, Caish.  
Minsingbery, Edwinst.  
Monden frewell, Brod.  
Monden furnivall, Brod.  
More Park, Caish.  
Morehouse, Caish.  
North Myms.    


N  
Nasthide, Caish.  
Newbarne, Caish.  
Newenham, Caish.  
Newenham, Odsey.  
Newgatestreet, Hert.  
Newhall, Brang.  
New place, Brang.  
Nimhall.  
Northaw, Caish.  
Northchurch, Dacor.  
Norton, Caish.  
Norton, Odsey.  
Newsels, Edwinst.  
Nuthamsted, Edwinst.  
Nimhall, Caish.    


O  
Odsey grange, Odsey.  
Owghton Head, Hitch.  
Owley, Edwinst.    


P  
Pansanger, Hert.  
Parkeward, Caish.  
Patmer Hall, Edwinst.  
Pelham burnt, Edw.  
Pelham Furneux, Edw.  
Pelham stocking, Edw.  
Penley, Dacor.  
Periton, Hitch.  
Pessebery, Brang.  
Potter's crouch, Caish.  
Pottrels' bare, Caish.  
Pottrels, Caish.  
Popes, Hert.  
The Pray, Caish.  
Preston, Hitch.  
The Priory, Brod.  
PUCKRIDGE, Bran.  
Punchin end, Dacor.  
Punsburne, Hert.  
Putnam, Dacor.  
Putteridge, Hitch.    


Q  
Quenbery, Edwinst.  
Quickswood, Odsey.    


R  
Radwell, Odsey.  
Redborne, Caish.  
The Ree, Brang.  
Reed, Odsey.  
Redgewells, Edwinst.  
Revels, Brod.  
Reyford, Hert.  
RICKMANSWORTH. Caish.  
Ricknesse, Brang.  
Ridge, Caish.  
ROISTON, Odsey.  
Rose Hall, Caish.  
Rushden, Odsey.    


S  
Sabsworth, Brang.  
Salesbery, Caish.  
Sandon, Odsey.  
Sarret, Caish.  
Satridge, Brang.  
Sauntridge, Caish.  
Sawcombe, Brod.  
The Scale, Hert.  
Shenley, Caish.  
Sheepehall, Brod.  
Shepeshide, Caish.  
S●inglehall, Brang.  
Sinkles, Caish.  
Sleep, Caish.  
Smalford, Caish.  
Sopwell, Caish.  
Spelbrooke, Brang.  
Standen, Brang.  
Stansted Abbots, Brang.  
Stanthecle, Brang.  
Stapleford, Hert.  
S. Stephens, Caish.  
Stevenage, Brod.  
STORTFORD Bishops. Brang.  
Studham, Dacor.  
Sullemaca, Caish.    


T  
Tannis, Edwinst.  
Tednambury, Brang.  
Temple, Brod.  
Temple dinsley, Hitch.  
Tewing, Hert.  
Tharfield, Odsey.  
S. Thomas Chapel, Hitch.  
Thoreley, Brang.  
Throcking, Edwinst.  
Thundrick, Brang.  
Thyobald, Hert.  
Titten hanger, Caish.  
Totteredge, Brod.  
Totteredge, Caish.  
TRING, Dacor.  
Tunwell, Brod.  
Two waters, Dacor.    


V  
Vphall, Brang.    


W  
Wadesmill, Brang.  
Wakerley, Edwinst.  
Walden S. Paul's, Hitch.  
Walden Kings, Hitch.  
Walkerne, Brod.  
Wallington, Odsey.  
Waltham Cross, Hert.  
Walsworth, Hitch.  
Beware Park, Brang.  
WAR●, Brang.  
Watford Hall, Hert.  
WATFORD, Caish.  
Watton, Brod.  
Waymer Castle, Brang.  
Welbery, Hitch.  
Welde, Caish.  
Wellwin, Brod.  
Westhide, Caish.  
Westmill, Brang.  
Weston, Brod.  
Westwich, Caish.  
Wheathamsteed, Dacor.  
Whitebarnes, Edwinst.  
Widboro hill, Brang.  
Widford, Brang.  
Wigginton, Dacor.  
Willesborne, Dacor.  
Willion, Brod.  
Windridge, Caish.  
Withiall, Edwinst.  
Woodgreene, Hert.  
Woodhall, Brod.  
Wormeley, Hert.  
Wulmer green, Brod.  
Wymley great, Brod.  
Wimley little, Brod.    


Y  
Yardley, Odsey.      

BEDFORD-SHIRE. CHAPTER XXI.  
BEDFORD-SHIRE, seated in the Southeast of this Island, is a plain and Champion Country, and lieth bounded upon the North with Huntington-shire; 
The bounds of Bedfordshire.  upon the East with Cambridge and Hartford-shires; and upon the West with Buckingham and Northampton-shires.  

The Form.  (2) The form thereof is somewhat oval, and not very large: for from Tilbroke in the North, unto Studham in the South, 
The Length and Breadth.  are but twenty four English miles; and from Tourney in the West, unto Hatley Coking in the East, are not fully fourteen; the whole in circumference, about seventy three miles.  

The Air. The Soil.  (3) The Air is temperate, and the Soil bounteous, especially the North, whose borders the fruitful Ouse with her many windings watereth. The South is more lean, and with greater industry bringeth forth Barley, no better elsewhere. Generally, this County is Champion, though some places be sprinkled with Pasturage and Woods.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans, that held in this Shire, were part of the Cattieuchlani, a stout and warre-stirring people: and yet upon the report of Caesar's proceeding, 
Caesar. Com. li. 5.  sent him their subjection for peace. But when that conquering Nation had brought Britain into a Province under Rome, 
MAGINTUM a Roman Station.  their Legions lay at Sclanea and Magintum, which are now Sandy and Dunstable, places of memorable note in this Shire. After them the Saxons coveting for so fair a Seat, first dispossessed the Britain's, under the leading of Cuthwulfe the West-Saxon, about the year of Grace 572. who making it their own, was lastly enjoyed by the Mercians, as a part of their Kingdom.  

The River O●se stayed her course.  (5) In the year of Christ's Incarnation 1399. immediately before those Civil Wars, that rend in pieces the peace of this Land, betwixt the Princes of Lancaster and York, the River Ouse near unto Harwood, stood suddenly still, and refrained to pass any further; so that forward, men passed three miles together on foot in the very depth of her Channel; and backward, the waters swelled unto a great height: which was observed by the judicious, to foretell some unkind division that shortly should arise.  

Civil wars in this County.  (6) This County, among the common calamities of the Land, when it lay trampled under the feet of the Danes, sustained a part: and after that, in the time of King Stephen, when the Civil Wars thundered betwixt Maud the Empress and himself, the Shire-town was sore wasted, with great slaughter of men: so when the Barons forsook their allegiance to King john, the Town and Castle were rendered up unto their hands, and lastly, by King Henry the third, laid level even with the ground, some ruinous walls appearing towards the Ouse, but not a stone left upon the Mount where stood his foundation.  
(7) This Town by the Britaines was called Lettidur; by the Saxons, Bedanford; and of us, Bedford: 
Bedford.  being the chiefest in the County, from whom it taketh the name, and is most fruitful, and pleasantly seated, having the Ouse running thorough the Town in the midst, and a fair Stone-Bridge built over the same, whereon are two Gates to lock and impeach the passage, 
Churches and religious houses in Bedford.  as occasion shall serve. At the first entrance standeth S. leonard's Hospital for Lazars: and further inwards, S. john's and S. Maries Churches: within the Town, S. Paul's, a most beautiful Church, S. cuthbert's, and S. Peter's: without the Town standeth the Friars, S. Joys, All-hallows, and Caudwell Abbey: not far thence, sometimes stood a Chapel upon the Bank of Ouse, wherein (as Florilegus affirmeth) the body of Offa the great Mercian King was interred, 
Flo●ilegus.  but by the overswelling of that River, was borne down, and swallowed up: whose Tomb of Lead (as it were some fantastical thing) appeared often to them that seek it not, 
King Offa●s Tomb.  but to them that seek it (saith Rosse) it is invisible. 
john R●sse.  This Town is governed yearly by a Major, two Bailiffs, two Chamberlains, a Recorder, a Town-Clerke, and three Sergeants with Mases.  
(8) A tale of vain credit is reported of Dunstable, 
Dunstable.  that it was built to bridle the outrageousness of a thief named Dun, by King Henry the first: but certain it is the place was formerly held by the Romans, whose Legions there lay, as appear by the Coins there usually found, which from Magintum are corruptly called Madning-money.  
(9) Castles in this Shire are Woodhill, 
Castles and Houses of the Kings.  Eton, Temsford, and Amphill, an honour now appertaining to the Crown. And places of Religion, built by devout persons, but for Idolatrous abuses again abolished, were at Bedford, 
Religious houses suppressed.  Harwood, Helenstow, Newenham, Chicksand, Wardon, Woburne, and Dunstable. All these, with their like, felt the hand of Henry the eight to lie so heavy upon them, that they were not able to sustain the weight, but were crushed to pieces, and fell to the ground.  
(10) The Graduation of this County, taken for the Shire-Towne, is placed from the Equator in the degree of 52. and 30. minutes for Latitude, and is removed from the first West point of Longitude, 20. degrees and 16. minutes.  
(11) Whose Princely Families that have borne the Titles both of Dukes and Earls, 
The Dukes and Earls.  within the Map itself by names, and their Arms are inserted, as thou seest; and whose Counties division are into nine Hundreds, wherein are seated ten Market-towns, and one hundred and sixteen Parish-Churches.   map of Bedfordshire 
BEDFORD SHIRE AND THE SITUATION OF BEDFORD described with the arms of those Honourable Families that have borne the titles of Dukes and Earls thereof.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Bedford-shire.  


HUNDREDS in Bedford shire.  
1. STodden, Hund.  
2. Barford, Hund.  
3. Wylly, Hund.  
4. Wixamtree, Hund.  
5. Biggleswad, Hund.  
6. Redbornstoke, Hu  
7. Flit, Hund.  
8. Clifton, Hund.  
9 Manshead, Hund.   


A  
ANTHIL, Redborne.  
Arlesey, Clift.  
Ascotts, Wixam.  
Aspley guise, Mansh.  
Aswicke, Biggle.    


B  
Barford, Barford.  
Barkmaw Park, Redbor.  
Battledon, Mansh.  
Beckring Park, Mansh.  
BEDFORD, Wylly.  
Beeston, Wixam.  
Bletsoe, Wylly.  
Berkford, Biggle.  
Berton, Flit.  
BIGGLESWADE, Big.  
Billington, Mans.  
Biscott, Flit.  
Blunham, Wixam.  
Bolnhurst, Stod.  
Brome, Wixam.  
Brunham, Wylly.  
Bushmead, Barford.  
Byddenham, Wylly.    


C  
Caddington, Flit.  
Calmworth, Barford.  
Cambleton, Clift.  
Cardington, Wixam.  
Carleton, Wylly.  
Caysooe, Stodden.  
Chalgrave, Mans.  
Chaulton, Flit.  
Chellington, Wylly.  
Chicksend, Wixam.  
Clapham, Stodden.  
Claphill, Flit.  
Clifton, Clifton.  
Clipson, Mans.  
Cranfield, Redborne.  
Crawley Husband, Mans.  
Cuphull, Wixam.    


D  
Deane over, Stodden.  
Deane nether, Stodden.  
DUNSTABLE, Mans.  
Dunton, Biggle.    


E  
Eton, Mans.  
Eton Sotton, Barford.  
Edworth, Biggle.  
Eggington, Mans.  
Elmersham, Wylly.  
Elstowe, Redborne.  
Euerdon, Biggle.  
Euersholt, Mans.  
Eyworth, Biggle.    


F  
Farndish, Wylly.  
Flitton, Flit.  
Flitwick, Redborne.  
Faldo, Flit.    


G  
Goldington, Barford.  
Gravenerstes, Flit.  
Gravenhurst over, Flit.  
Gravenhurst nether, Flit.    


H  
Harwood, Wylly.  
Harlington, Mans.  
Hatch, Wixam.  
Hatley Port, Biggle.  
Hatley Coking, Biggle.  
Hawnes, Flit.  
Haxton, Flit.  
Heath, Mans.  
Henlowe, Clifton.  
Hide East, Flit.  
Hide West, Flit.  
Higham goben, Flit.  
Hill, Wixam.  
Hockecliffe, Mans.  
Holcott, Mans.  
Holme, Biggle.  
Houghton conquest, Redborne.  
Houghton, Kings, Mans.  
Howell, Clifton.    


K  
Kempfton, Redborne.  
Knotting, Stodden.    


L  
Lanford, Biggle.  
Legenho, Redborne.  
LEIGHTON buzzard, Mans.  
Ligrave, Flit.  
Limbene, Flit.  
Littleton, Redborne.  
LUTON, Flit.    


M  
Mauldon, Redborne.  
Margatt, Man.  
Melchborne, Stodden.  
Mepshall, Clifton.  
Merston morton, Redborne.  
Milbrooke, Redborne.  
Milhoe, Biggle.  
Milton Briaw, Mans.  
Mograrige, Wixam.  
Miltonernes, Stodden.    


N  
Newnehame, Wylly.  
Norhill, Wixam.    


O  
Ocley, Wylly.  
Ockley, Stodden.  
Ouse, Flu.    


P  
Patenham, Wylly.  
Peggifton, Flit.  
Pettenhull, Stodden.  
Poddington, Wylly.  
Potesgrave, Mans.  
POTTON, Biggle.  
Pullox hill, Flit.    


R  
Radwell, Wylly.  
Ravensdon, Barford.  
Reynold, Barford.  
Ridgemond, Redborne.  
Rysely, Stodden.  
Rokkesdon, Barford.  
Ruche, Mans.    


S  
Sandey, Biggle.  
Sawford, Mans.  
Scotfeild, Clifton.  
Segnowall, Mans.  
Sharnbrocke, Wylly.  
Sharpenho, Flit.  
SHEFFORD, Clift.  
Shelton, Stodden.  
Shidlington, Clifton.  
Shillington, Flit.  
Silvisho, Flit.  
Sondon, Flit.  
Souldroppe Wylly.  
Southill, Wixam.  
Stagden, Wylly.  
Stanbridge, Mans.  
Standen over, Clifton.  
Standen nether, Clifton.  
Stanford, Wixam.  
Steppingley, Redborne.  
Steventon, Wylly.  
Stopseley, Flit.  
Stoughton little, Stodden.  
Stratton, Biggle.  
Stretley, Flit.  
Studham, Mans.  
Sundon, Clifton.  
Summers, Flit.  
Sutton, Biggle.    


T  
Taternall, Mans.  
Tempsford, Biggle.  
Tettworth, Biggle.  
Tenkseke, Redborne.  
Thorncott, Wixam.  
Thurlye, Wylly.  
Tilesworth, Mans.  
Tylbroke, Stodden.  
Tylworth, Mans.  
Tyngrave, Mans.  
TUDDINGTON, M.  
Turvey, Wylly.    


W  
Werdon old, Wixam.  
Westning, Mans.  
Whipsand, Mans.  
Wildon, Barford.  
Wilshamstead, Redborn.  
Willington, Wixam.  
WOBORNE, Mans.  
Woborne Abbey, Man.  
Wodhill, Wylly.  
Woodenden, Mans.  
Wotton, Redborne.  
Womnleighton, Biggl.  
Wrested, Flit.  
Wrestingworth, Biggle.  
Wynyngton, Wylly.    


Y  
Yeldon, Stodden.       

BUCKINGHAM-SHIRE. CHAPTER XXII.  
BUCKINGHAM, for the plenty of Beech trees there growing, 
The name of this Shire.  and those in the elder times of the Saxons called Bucken, may well be supposed from them to have the Name, as afterwards the whole Shire had hers from this Town BUCKINGHAM.  

The form. The limits.  (2) In form it somewhat resembleth a Lion Rampant, whose head or North-point toucheth the Counties of Northampton and Bedford; whose back or East-part is backed by Bedford and Hertford-shires: his loins or South-borders rest upon Berkshire, and his breast the West side is butted upon wholly by Oxford-shire. 
Length.  The length thereof from Waisbury in the South, to Bradfeld in her North, are thirty nine miles: 
Breadth.  the breadth at the broadest, from Ashbridge in the East, to Brenwood Forest in the West, 
Circumference.  are eighteen; the whole in circumference one hundred thirty eight miles.  

Air.  (3) The air is passing good, temperate, and pleasant, yielding the body health, & the mind content. The soil is rich, fat, and fruitful, giving abundance of Corn, Grasse and Marle. It is chiefly divided into two parts by the Chilterne hills, 
Chilterne hills.  which run thorough this Shire in the midst, and before time were so pestered with Beech, that they were altogether unpassable, and became a receptacle and refuge for thiefs, who daily endamaged the way-faring man; 
Leostan Abbot of S. Alban.  for which cause Leostan Abbot of Saint Alban caused them to be cut down: since when those parts are passable, without any great encumbrances of trees; from whose tops, a large and most pleasing prospect is seen. The Vale beneath is plain and champion, a clayie soil, stiff, and rough, but withal marvellous fruitful, naked of Woods, but abounding in meadows, pastures, and tillage, and maintaining an infinite number of sheep, whose soft and fine fleeces are in great esteem with the Turks as far as Asia. 
Plenty of sheep.   

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient Inhabitants that were seated in this Shire, were the Cattieuchlani, mentioned by Ptolemie, and then dispersed through the Tract of Bedford, Hertfort, and this. These yielded themselves with the first to Caesar under the Romans subjection, whose overworn Empire ending in Britain, the Saxons by strong hand attained this Province, and made it a part of their Mercian Kingdom: yet was it first subdued unto them by Cherdike the West-Saxon, 
Cherdike the West-saxon.  whose memory is in part continued in the Town Chersey, upon the West of this County, where in a sharp and bloody battle he was victor over the Britain's. 
Cuthwulfe.  So also Cuthwulfe a West-Saxon at Alesberie in the year of Grace 592. overcame the Britain's, and bore down all things before him: yet no sooner was their Heptarchy wained, and their Monarchy able to stand alone, 
The Danes.  but that the Danes, before their strength and growth was confirmed, waxed upon them; and they not able in so weak a hand to hold fast that weight of greatness they had so grasped, gave place to their Conquerors, who did many harms in this Province: for in the year 914. 
Brenwood.  the Danes furiously raged as far as Brenwood, where they destroyed the City Burgh, the ancient seat of the Romans, afterwards a royal house of King Edward the Confessor, 
Edward Confessor.  which they utterly destroyed.  
(5) The Shire-town Buckingham, 
Buckingham the chief Town.  fruitfully seated upon the River Ouse, was fortified with a Rampire, and sconces on both banks, by K. Edward the elder, saith Marianus the Scotish Writer; where in the heart of the Town hath stood a strong castle, mounted upon an high hill, which long since was brought to the period of her estate, now nothing remaining besides the signs, that there she had stood. The River circulates this Town on every side, that only on the North excepted, over which three fair stone-bridges lead, and into which the springs of a Well run, called S. Rumalds, 
S. Rumalds Well.  a child-saint borne at Kings Sutton, canonised, and in the Church of this Town enshrined, with many conceited miracles and cures: such was the hap of those times, to produce Saints of all ages and sexes. 
The Magistracy of Buckingham.  This Town is governed by a Bailiff and twelve principal Burgesses; and is in the degree removed from the first point of the West for Longitude 19.33. scruples; and the North-pole elevated in Latitude for the degree of 52.18. scruples.  
(6) A Town of ancienter note is Stony-Stretford, 
Stony Stretford.  the Romans Lactorodun, being built upon that ancient Causey-way which is called Watling street, 
Watling-street.  where remain the marks thereof even unto this day. At this place Edward the elder stopped the passage of the Danes, whiles he strengthened Torcester against them: and herein, 
K. Edward in memory of his wife Queen Eleanor.  King Edward the eldest since the Conquest, reared a beautiful Cross in memory of Eleanor his dead Queen, as he did in every place where her Corpse rested, from Herdby in Lincolne-shire till it was received and buried at Westminster.  
(7) Places intended for God's true worship, 
Places of Religion.  built by devout persons, and sequestered from worldly employments, were at Launden, Luffeld, Bidlesden, Bradwell, Nothey, Ankerne, Missenden, Tekeford, Partrendune, Ashbridge, & Alesbury: 
Ashbridge a feigned miracle.  Ashbridge in great repute for the blood (supposed out of Christ's sides) brought out of Germany by Henry the eldest son of Richard King of the Romans, and Earl of Cornwall, whereunto resorted great concourse of people for devotion, and adoration thereof. But when the Sunshine of the Gospel had pierced thorough such clouds of darkness, it was perceived apparently to be only honey clarified and coloured with Saffron, as was openly showed at Paul's Cross, 
Bishop of Rochester.  by the Bishop of Rochester, the twenty four of February, and year of Christ 1538. 
Alesburie. S. Edith.  And Alesbury for the holiness of S. Edith was much frequented, who having this Town allotted for her Dowry, bade the world and her husband farewell, in taking upon her the veil of devotion, and in that fruitful age of Saints became greatly renowned, even as far as to the working of miracles. These all in the storms & rage of the times, 
The Shipwreck of Superstition.  suffered such shipwreck, that from those turmoiled Seas, their Merchandise light in the right of such Lords as made them their own for wreacks indeed.  
(8) With four Castles this Shire hath been strengthened, 
Castles, Newport. Buckingham. Lounden. Hanshope. Market towns.  and thorough eleven Market Towns her Commodities traded; being divided, for service to the Crown and State, into eight Hundreds, and in them are seated one hundred fourscore and five Parish-Churches, as in the Table annexed Alphabetically are expressed.   map of Buckinghamshire 
BUCKINGHAM Both Shire, and Shire: town describ.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Buckingham-shire.  


HUNDREDS in Buckingham-shire.  
1. NEwport.  
2. Buckingham.  
3. Collstowe.  
4. Ashenden.  
5. Alesbury.  
6. Disburrough.  
7. Burnham.  
8. Stock.   


A  
Achenborow, Buc.  
Ackeley, Buck.  
Addington, Buck.  
Adstocke, Buck.  
AGMONDSHAM, Bu.  
AYLESBURY, A.  
Vale of Aylesbury, Ales.  
Apstone, Dis.  
Ascott, Coll.  
Ashridge, Coll.  
Ashendon, Ash.  
Aston clinton, Ales.  
Aston abbotts, Coll.  
Cold Aston, Ales.  
Astwood, New.  
Aunslop, New.    


B  
Barton, Buck.  
Beach hampton, Bu.  
BEACONFIELD, Burn.  
Bearton, Ales.  
Bernwood forest, A.  
Bidlesden, Buck.  
Blechley, New.  
Bledlow, Ales.  
Boreney, Bur.  
Boreton, Buck.  
Bostall, Ash.  
Cold Bradfield, New.  
Bradnam, Dis.  
Bradnam park, Dis.  
Bradwell, New.  
Brickhill little, New.  
Brickhill great, New.  
Bow Brickhill, New.  
Brill, Ashen.  
Broughton, Ales.  
Broughton New.  
BUCKINGHAM, Buc.  
Buckland, Ales.  
Burnham, Burn.  
East Burnham, Burn.  
Burston, Coll.    


C  
Calverton, New.  
Caldecott, New.  
Castlethorpe, New.  
Caveley, Buck.  
Caversfeild, Buck.  
Chalfont S. Peter, Burn.  
Chalfont S. Gyles. Burn.  
Chalwey, Stock.  
Checkmore, Buck.  
Chechely, New.  
Cheddington, Coll.  
Chepping wickcomb Dis.  
Chepping wickcomb florins, Dis.  
Cherslie, Ash.  
Chesham, Burn.  
Chesham boys, Burn.  
Cheyneyes, Burn.  
Chilton, Ash.  
Chitwood, Buck.  
Cholesbury, Ales.  
Choldesbury, Coll.  
Claydon middle, Ash.  
Steeple Claydon, Buck.  
Claydon East, Ash.  
Clifton raines, New.  
Colbrocke in horton, Stock.  
COLBROCKE in LANGLEY, S.  
Coldaston, Ales.  
Crandon, Ash.  
North Crowly, New.  
Cublington, Coll.  
Cuddenton, Ales.    


D  
Datchet, Stock.  
Denham, Stock.  
Dorney, Burn.  
Dorton, Ash.  
Drayton beauchampe, Coll.  
Drayton parslowe, Coll.  
Dunton, Coll.  
Dynton, Ales.    


E  
Eton, New.  
Eton, Stock.  
Edgcott, Buck.  
Edlesburrough, Coll.  
Elsborough, Ales.  
Emmerton, New.  
Eydroppe, Ash.    


F  
Farnam royal, Bur.  
Fawly, Dis.  
The Faith, Burn.  
Filgrane, New.  
Fingerst, Dis.  
Folcott, Buck.  
Fulbro●, Col.  
Fullmere, Stock.    


G  
Gamboro, Ash.  
Gawcott, Buck.  
Mershe Gibbeen, Buck.  
Gotehurst, New.  
Grendon long, Ash.  
Greneland, Dis.  
Grove, Coll.    


H  
Hadnam, Ales.  
Hambleden, Dis.  
Little Hamden, Ales.  
Great Hamden, Ales.  
Leck Hamsted, Buck.  
Hanslop, New.  
Hardmere, New.  
Hardwick, Coll.  
Hardwood great, Coll.  
Hardwood little, Coll.  
Hardwell, Ales.  
Haversham, New.  
Haulton, Ales.  
Hawridge, Coll.  
Hedgeley, Stock.  
Hedstor, Dis.  
Hillesden, Buck.  
Hitchendon, Dis.  
Hoggerston, Col.  
Hogshawe, Ash.  
Horidge, Ales.  
Horsenden, Ales.  
Horsingdon, Ash.  
Horton, Stock.  
Hucket, Ales.    


I  
Ilmere, Ash.  
Ipston, Dis.  
juet, Stock.  
IVINGOE, Coll.    


K  
Kimbers, Ales.  
Kingsey, Ash.  
Krestow, Coll.    


L  
Langley marish, Stock.  
Lan●icke, Ales.  
Latimers, Burn.  
La●ndon, New.  
Lee, Ales.  
Snipton Lee, Ash.  
S. leonard's, Ales.  
Lillingstone dayrell, Buck.  
Linchlad, Coll.  
Lithershall, Ash.  
Littlecott, Coll.  
Lothbury, New.  
Loughton, New.  
Luffeild, Buck.  
Lynford little, New.  
Lynford great. New.    


M  
Marlowe little, Dis.  
Marlowe great, Dis.  
Marlowe florins, Dis.  
Marsh gibbon, Buck.  
May's morten, Buck.  
Mednam, Dis.  
Mentmore, Coll.  
Little Merdon, Ash.  
North Merston, Ash.  
Mersworth, Coll.  
Middleton keynes, New.  
Great Missenden, Ales.  
Little Missenden, Ales.  
Morton, Dis.  
Moulso, New.  
Mursley, Coll.    


N  
Nashe, Coll.  
Nettleden, Coll.  
Newington longfield, New.  
Newington blomareile, New.  
NEWPORT, Ne●  
Nothey, Ash.    


O  
Ockley, Ash.  
OULNEY, Ne●.  
Oulswick, Ales.  
Ouse Flu.    


P  
Padbury, Buck.  
Pen, Burne.  
Pichcote, Ash.  
Pitston, Col.  
Poundon, Buck.  
Prebend end, Buck.  
Preston, Buck.    


Q  
Quainton, Ash.    


R  
Radnage, Dis.  
Ratley, Buck.  
Ravenstone, New.  
Over Rendon, Ash.  
Rickmansworth, Bur.  
Princes Risborough, Ales.  
Monks Risborough, Ales.  
Rowsham, Coll.    


S  
Sabbinton, Ash.  
Sander●on, Dis.  
Aston Standford, Ash.  
Saulden, Coll.  
Shaulton, Buck.  
Sheney, New.  
Shirley brook end, Coll.  
Sherington, New.  
Sh●pton, Coll.  
S●ckle-●urrow, Coll.  
Spnam, Burn.  
Sapton, Coll.  
Staunton, New.  
Stoke golding, New.  
Stoke poges, Stock.  
Stoke manuill, Ales.  
Stoke hamond, New.  
Stone, Ales.  
STONY STRATFORD, Ne.  
Stowe, Buck.  
Fenny Stratford, New.  
Water's Stratford, Buck.  
Stuckley, Coll.  
Sulbury, Coll.  
Swanburne, Coll.  
Sympson, New.    


T  
Tame Flu.  
Thorneborowe, Buck.  
Thornton, Buck.  
Thurringham, New.  
Tingwick, Buck.  
Tinweston, Buck.  
Topley, Burn.  
Tottenhoo, Coll.  
Tousey, Ash.  
Turfeild, Dis.  
Turvye, New.  
Twyford, Buck.    


V  
Vpburne denicourt, Dis.  
Vpton, Stock.  
Vuing, Ash.    


W  
Waddosdon, Ash.  
Walton, Ales.  
Walton, New.  
Over Wamden, New.  
Warrington, New.  
Waysbury, Stock.  
Weeden, Coll.  
Wendover florins, Ales.  
Wendover, Ales.  
Westbury, Buck.  
Westcote, Ash.  
Weston under wood, New.  
Weston turvill, Ales.  
Wexham, Stock.  
Whaddon chase, Coll.  
Whaddon, Coll.  
Whitchurch, Coll.  
HIGH WICKHAM, Bur.  
West Wickham, Dis.  
Nether Winchington, Ash.  
Upper Winchington, Ash.  
Wing, Coll.  
Wingrave, Coll.  
WINSLOWE, Coll.  
Winslow heath. Coll.  
Wolston little, New.  
Wolston great, New.  
Wolverton, New.  
Woodsham, Ash.  
Wormenall, Ash.  
Wotton underwood, Ash.  
Woughton, New.  
Wyllyne, New.       

OXFORD-SHIRE, receiveth her name from that famous University, and most beautiful City Oxford, 
The name of this Shire.  and this of the Ford of Oxen, say our English Saxons; though Leiland upon a ground of conjecture will have it Ousford, from the River Ouse (by the Latines called Isis, which giveth name likewise to the adjoining Island Ousney. 
The borders of Oxford-shire.  The North point of this Shire is bordered upon by the Counties of Warwick and North-Hampton, the East with Buckingham, the West by Gloucester-Shire, and the South altogether is parted from Berkshire by Thamisis, the Prince of British Rivers.  

The Air and temperature.  (2) The blessings both of the sweet-breathing heavens, and the fruitful site of this Counties soil, are so happy and fortunate, that hardly can be said whether exceeds. The air mild, 
The Soil.  temperate and delicate; the Land fertile, pleasant and bounteous; in a word, both Heaven and Earth accorded to make the Inhabitants healthful and happy: The hills loaden with woods and cattle, the valleys burdened with corn and pasturage, 
The Rivers.  by reason of many fresh springing Rivers which sportingly there-thorow make their passage; whereof Evenlod, Charwell, Tame and Isis are chief: which two last making their Bed of Marriage near unto Dorchester, run thence together in one channel and name.  

The length, breadth, and circumference.  (3) The length of this Shire is from Cleydon in the North-West, unto Caversham in her Southeast, near unto Thamisis, and amounteth almost to forty miles; the broadest part is in her Western Borders, which extending from the said Cleydon in the North, unto Faringdon seated upon the River Isis in the South, are scarcely twenty six: and thence growing narrower like unto a Wedge, containing in Circumference about one hundred and thirty miles.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient Inhabitans known to the Romans, were the Dobuni, part whereof possessed further Westernly into Gloucestershire, and nearer Eastward, betwixt the bowing of Thamisis, were seated the Ancalites, who sent their submission unto julius Caesar, 
Caesar. Com. l 5.  when report was made that the Trinobantes had put themselves under his protection; whereof followed the Britain's servitude under the proud yoke of the all-coveting Romans: yet afterwards this Counties people, being very puissant (as Tacitus terms them) and unshaken by wars, withstood Ostorious Scapula the Roman Lieutenant, choosing rather to yield their lives in Battle, than their persons to subjection. Of later times it was possessed by the Mercian-Saxons, as part of their Kingdom, though sometimes both the West Saxons, and the Northumbrians had the dispose of some part thereof: for Beda affirmeth that King Oswold gave the then-flourishing City Dorchester unto Berinus the Westsaxons Apostle, to be his Episcopal See: whence the good Bishop coming to Oxford, and preaching before Wulpherus the Mercian King (in whose Court Athelwold the South-Saxons heathenish King was then present) he with all his Nobles were converted to the faith of Christ, 
Historia domus S. S wythini Winton.  and there baptised, whereby Berinus became the Apostle also of the South-Saxons.  
(5) Other places of memorable note, either for actions therein happening, or for their own famous esteem, are the Roll-rich-stones, standing near unto Enisham in the South of this Shire: a monument of huge stones, set round in compass, in manner of the Stonehenge: of which, fabulous tradition hath reported forsooth, that they were metamorphosed from men, but in truth were there erected upon some great victory obtained, either by, or against Rollo the Dane, who in the year 876. entered England, and in this Shire fought two Battles, one near unto Hoch-Norton, and a second at the Scier Stane.  

Simon Dunelm.  (6) Rodcot likewise remaineth as a monument of Oxford's high styled Earl, but unfortunate Prince, Robert de Vere, who besides the Earldom, was created by King Richard the second, marquis of Dublin, and Duke of Ireland: but at that Bridge, 
A Battle.  discomfited in fight by the Nobles, and forced to swim the River, where began the downfall of his high mounted fortunes; for being driven forth of his Country, lastly died in exile and distressed estate. But more happy is this County in producing far more glorious Princes, as King Edward the Confessor, who in Islip was borne; Edward the victorious black Prince, in Woodstock; and in Oxford that warlike Coeur de Lion, King Richard the first, the son of King Henry the second, first took breath.  

OXFORD.  (7) Which City is, and long hath been the glorious seat of the Muses, the British Athens, and learning's wellspring, from whose living Fountain the wholesome waters of all good literature streaming plenteously, have made fruitful all other parts of this Realm, and gained glory amongst all Nations abroad. Antiquity avoucheth, that this place was consecrated unto the sacred Sciences in the time of the old Britain's, and that from Greekelad, a Town in Wilt-shire, the Academy was translated unto Oxford, as unto a Plant-plot, both more pleasing and fruitful: whereto acordeth the ancient Burlaeus and Necham, 
Merlin Vaticin. Necham de Na. ●erum, lib. 2. ●u●laeus in Prod●mata Arist.  this latter also alleging Merlin. But when the beauty of the Land lay under the Saxons profane feet, it sustained a part of those common calamities, having little reserved to uphold its former glory, save only the famous monument of Saint Frideswids' Virgine-Conquest, no other School than left standing besides her Monastery: yet those great blasts, together with other Danish storms, being well blown over, 
Will. Malmes.  King Elfred, that learned and religious Monarch, recalled the exiled Muses to their sacred place, and built there three goodly Colleges for the Studies of Divinity, Philosophy, and other Arts of humanity, sending thither his own son Ethelward, 
Annals of the Abbey of Winchester.  and drew thither the young Nobles from all parts of his kingdom. The first Reader thereof was his supposed brother Neote, a man of great learning, by whose direction King Elfred was altogether guided in this his goodly foundation. At which time also, Asserius Menevensis, a Writer of those times affairs, read the Grammar and Rhetoric, and affirmeth that long before them, Gildas, Melkin, Ninius, Kentigern, S. German, and others, spent there their lives in learned studies. From which time that it continued a Seed plot of learning till the Norman Conquest, Ingulphus recordeth, who himself then lived. No marvel then if Matthew Paris calleth Oxford, the second School of Christendom, and the very chief Pillar of the Catholic Church. And in the Council holden at Vienna, it was ordained, that in Paris, Oxford, Bononia, and Salamanca (the only Universities then in Europe) should be erected Schools for the Hebrew, 
Clementin. 5.  Greek, Arabic and Chaldean Tongues, and that Oxford should be the general University for all England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales: which point was likewise of such weight with the Council of Constance, that from this precedence of Oxford University, it was concluded, that the English Nation was not only to have precedence of Spain in all General Counsels, 
See the Disceptation in the Council printed a● Loran, 1517.  but was also to be held equal with France itself. By which high prerogatives this of ours hath always so flourished, that in the days of King Henry the third, thirty thousand Students were therein resident, as Archbishop Armachanus (who then lived) hath writ, 
Armachan. 5. Wil R●shing. M.S.  and Rishanger (than also living) showeth, that for all the civil wars which hindered such places of quiet study, yet 15000. Students were there remaining, whose names (saith he) were entered in matricula, in the matriculation Book. About which time, john Balliol (the father of Balliol King of Scots) built a College, yet bearing his name, Anno 1269. and Walter Merton Bishop of Rochester, that which is now called Merton College; both of them beautified with buildings, and enriched with lands, and were the first endowed Colleges for learning in all Christendom. And at this present there are sixteen Colleges (besides another newly builded) with eight Hals, 
Wadham College newly builded.  and many most fair Collegiate Churches, all adorned with most stately buildings, and enriched with great endowments, noble Libraries, and most learned Graduates of all professions, that unless it be her sister Cambridge, the other nursing breast of this Land, the like is not found again in the world. This City is also honoured with an Episcopal See. As for the site thereof, it is removed from the Equator in the degree 52. and one minute, and from the West by Mercators' measure, 19 degrees, and 20. minutes.  
(8) As this County is happy in the possession of so famous an Academy, so it is graced with most Princely Palaces appertaining to the English Crown, whereof Woodstock is the most ancient and magnificent, built to that glory by K. Henry the first, and enlarged with a Labyrinth of many windings by K. Henry the second, to hide from his jealous juno, his entirely beloved Concubine Rosamond Clifford, a damosel of surpassing beauty; where nowtwithstanding followed by a clew of silk that fell from her lap, she was surprised and poisoned by Queen Eleanor his wife, and was first buried at Godstow Nunnery, in the midst of the Choir, under a Hearse of Silk, set about with lights, whom Hugh Bishop of Lincoln (thinking it an unfit object for Virgin's devotion) caused to be removed into the Churchyard: but those chaste sisters liked so well the memory of that kind Lady, as that her bones were translated again into their Chapel.  
Bensington is another of his Majesty's Manors, built by Will. de la Pole Duke of Suffolk, but now in neglect through the annoyance arising from the waters or marshes adjoining. Houses built for devotion, and for abuse suppressed and again put down, the chief in account were Enisham, Osney, Bruerne, Godstow, Burchester, and Tame, besides Saint Frideswides, and very many other stately houses of Religion in the City.  
The Diusiion of this Shire is into fourteen Hundreds, wherein are seated ten Market Towns, and two hundred and fourscore Parish-Churches, whose names are Alphabetically inserted in the Table ensuing.   map of Oxfordshire 
OXFORDSHIRE described with the City and the Arms of the Colleges of that famous University. Ao. 1605.  


HUNDREDS in Oxford-shire.  
1. BAnbury.  
2. Bloxham.  
3. Chadlington.  
4. Wotton.  
5. Ploughley.  
6. Bullington.  
7. Bampton.  
8. Tame.  
9 Lewknor.  
10. Pirton.  
11. Dorchester.  
12. Ewelme.  
13. Langtree.  
14. Binfeild.   


A  
Adderbury, Blox.  
Addington, Plough.  
Adwell, Lewk.  
Alvescott, Bamp.  
Ambesden, Bulling.  
Ardeley, Plough.  
Arnecott, Bulling.  
Ascott, Chad.  
Ascott, Tame.  
Assenton, Pirt.  
Astoll, Bam.  
Astoll Lie, Bam.  
Aston Steeple, Wot.  
Aston, Bam.  
Aston North, Wot.  
Aston Rowen, Lewk.  
Aulkerton, Blox.    


B  
Bampton, Bampt.  
BANBURY, Ban.  
Balscott, Blox.  
Barford S. john's, Blox.  
Barford, S. Michael, Wot.  
Steple Barton, Wot.  
March Baulden, Bulling.  
Toot Baulden, Bulling.  
Baynton, Plough.  
Beckley, Bulling.  
Beckley Park. Bulling.  
Begbrocke, Wots.  
Bensington, Ewel.  
Berington little, Bamp.  
Berwicke Priory, Ewelme.  
Berwicke Sulham, Ewelme.  
Bixbrand, Binf.  
Bix Gobon, Binf.  
Black Burton, Bamp.  
Blackthorne, Bulling.  
Bladon, Wots.  
Bletchington, Plough.  
Bloxome, Blox.  
Blunt, Lewk.  
Bodicott, Blox.  
Bolney, Bin.  
Bradwe, Bamp.  
Brickenton, Bamp.  
Bridsett, Bulling.  
Bright Hampton, Bramp.  
Brisemorton, Bamp.  
Britwell Priory. Ewelme.  
Britwell Baldwin, Ewelme.  
Britwell Fulham. Lewk.  
Broken, Chad.  
Brook Hampton, Ewelm.  
Broughton, Blox.  
Broughton Poges. Bamp.  
Bruerne, Chad.  
Bucknell, Plough.  
Burcester, Plough.  
Burcester Kings, Plough.  
Burcott, Dor.  
BURFOBD, Bam.  
Burton great, Banb.  
Burton little, Banb.    


C  
Carbridge, Bamp.  
Cassington, Wot.  
Caswell, Bamp.  
Caverfeild, Plough.  
Caversham, Binf.  
Chackenton, Lang.  
Chadlington, Chad.  
Chalgrave, Ewelm.  
chapel on the Heath, Chad.  
Charleton, Plough.  
Charswell, Wot.  
Charwell Flu.  
Chastleton, Chad.  
Chawfer, Lewk.  
Cherlbury, Ban.  
Chesterton, Plough.  
Chilson, Chad.  
Chillworth, Bulling.  
Chinner, Lewk.  
CHIPPING NORTON, Cham  
Chisleyhampton, Dor.  
Church Cowley, Bulling.  
Churchhill, Chad.  
Chimney, Bamp.  
Clanfield, Bamp.  
Clare, Pirt.  
Clatercott, Banb.  
Cleydon, Banb.  
Clifton, Dor.  
Clifton, Wot.  
Cogs, Wots.  
Cokethorpe, Bamp.  
Coddington, Plough.  
Long Comb, Wots.  
Coome, Bulling.  
Coat, Bamp.  
Cottesford, Plough.  
Cotten, Banb.  
Temple Cowley, Bulling.  
Cowthorpe, Banb.  
Crawley, Bamp.  
Cromish Battley, Ewelm.  
Cromish Gifford, Lang.  
Cornewell, Chad.  
Cropredie, Banb.  
Crowell, Lewk.  
Cuckham, Ewel.  
Cuddesdon, Bulling.  
Cullam, Dor.    


D  
Deane, Chad.  
Deddington, Wots.  
Denton, Bulling.  
Dickley, Wots.  
Dorchester, Dor.  
Dracot, Ewel.  
Drayton, Blox.  
Drayton, Dor.  
Ducklington, Bamp.  
Dunse Tive, Wots.  
Dunsden, Bin.    


E  
Elsfeild, Bulling.  
Emington, Lewk.  
Enesham, Wots.  
Enston, Chad.  
Epwell, Blox.  
Esington, Ewel.  
Evenclods Flu.  
Ewelme, Ewelm.  
Eye. Binf.    


F  
Faringdon little, Bamp.  
Fauler, Banb.  
Fencott, Bulling.  
Fifeild, Dor.  
Fifeild, Chad.  
Finmore, Plough.  
Finscot, Banb.  
Foresthill, Bulling.  
Fringford, Plough.  
Fritwell, Plough.  
Fullbrooke, Chad.  
Fulwell, Plough.  
Fylkins, Bamp.    


G  
Garsington, Bulling.  
Gatehampton, Lang.  
Glimpton, Wots.  
Godington, Plough.  
Godstow, Wots.  
Goldar, Pirt.  
Goring, Lang.  
Gossard, Wots.  
Grafton, Bamp.  
Grayes-Court, Binf.  
Gray's, Binf.  
Greenfeild, Pirt.    


H  
Hampton Short, Chad.  
Hampton Poyle, Plough.  
Hampton Gay, Plough.  
Hanboro Long, Wots.  
Hanwell, Blox.  
Hardwick, Plough.  
Harecourt, Wots.  
Harwicke, Bamp.  
Haseley great, Ewel.  
Haseley little, Ewel.  
Haulton, Bulling.  
Hayley, Bamp.  
Heath, Plough.  
Heathorpe, Chad.  
Heddington, Bulling.  
Hempton, Wots.  
HENLY.  
Hensington, Wots.  
Heyford Nether, Plough.  
Heyford warren, Ploug.  
Hinton, Lewk.  
Holcombe, Ewel.  
Hollwell, Bamp.  
HOOKE NORTON, Cham  
Hordly, Wots.  
Horley, Chad.  
Horton, Chad.  
Horspath, Bulling.  
Horspenden, alias Harding, Binf.  
Horton, Bulling.  
Huddon, Bamp.    


I  
Ibsden, Lang.  
Idbury, Chad.  
Isley, Bulling.  
Ingeston, Lewk.  
Ipwell, Dor.  
Isis' Flu.  
Islipp, Plough.    


K  
Kellmiscott, Bramp.  
Kencott, Bramp.  
Kiddington Nether, Wots.  
Kidington, Chad.  
Kidlington, Wots.  
Kingham, Chad.  
Kirtlington, Plough.    


L  
Langley, Chad.  
Lashbrooke, Binf.  
Latchford, Ewel.  
Lawnton, Plough.  
Ledwell, Wots.  
Lefeild, Chad.  
Lewe, Bamp.  
Lewkenor, Lewk.  
Lillingston lovell. Plough.  
Littlemore, Bulling.  
The Lie, Banb.  
Lie South, Wots.  
Lie North. Wots.  
Lyneham, Chad.    


M  
Mangwell, Lang.  
Mappleduram Gourney, Binf.  
Mappleduram Chaws, Lang.  
Marston, Bulling.  
Merton, Bulling.  
Middle Barton, Wot.  
Middle Aston, Wot.  
Middleton Stony, Plou.  
Milcombe, Blox.  
Milton, Blox.  
Milton, Chad.  
Minster Lovel, Chad.  
Mixbury, Plough.  
Moccott, Bulling.  
Mollington, Blox.  
More North, Chad.  
Morecott, Plough.  
Morton, Tame.  
Mylton little, Tame.  
Mylton great, Tame.    


N  
Neithorpe, Banb.  
Nettlebed, Ewl.  
Newbridge, Wots.  
Newinton, Ewel.  
Newnham Murrain, Lang.  
Newnham Courtney. Bulling.  
Newton, Blox.  
South Newton, Wots.  
Newton Pursell Plough.  
Noke, Plough.  
Norton-brimer Bamp.  
Norton-Over, Chad.  
Nusfeild, Ewel.    


O  
Odington, Plough.  
Otmore, Bulling.  
Ouy chapel, Chad.  
OXFORD, Wotton.    


P  
Piddington, Bulling.  
Priton, Pirt.  
Piss hill, Pirt.  
Poscombe, Lewk.  
Prestend, Tame.  
Priorate, Brampt.  
Pudicott, Chad.    


R  
Ramsden, Chad.  
Ricott, Tame.  
Rodcott-bridge, Bramp.  
Rotherfeild Gray's, Binf.  
Rotherfeild Popper, Binf.  
Rousham, Wots.  
Roll-rich-stones. Wot.  
Rowlwright great, Chad.  
Rowlwright little, Chad.    


S  
Sallford, Chad.  
Sandford, Bulling.  
Sandford Heath, Chad.  
Saresdine, Chad.  
Scadham, Tame.  
Sewcott, Plough.  
Shelswell, Plough.  
Shirborne, Pirt.  
Shilton, Bamp.  
Shifford, Bamp.  
Shiplake, Binf.  
Shipton upon Charwell, Wot.  
Shipton Underwood, Cham  
Shotover Wood, Bull.  
Shutford, Banb.  
Sidenham, Lewk.  
Sommerton, Plough.  
Souldrens, Plough.  
Southorpe, Chad.  
Spilesbury, Chad.  
Stanford, Wots.  
Stanlake, Bamp.  
Stanton S. john's, Bulling.  
Staunton Harecourt, Wot.  
Steple Aston, Wots.  
Stodham, Dor.  
Stoke Line, Plough.  
Stoke Rue, Lang.  
Stoke Stolemag, Pirt.  
Stoke North, Lang.  
Stoke South, Dor.  
Stoken Church, Lewk.  
Stonesfeild, Wots.  
Stratton Audley, Plough.  
Swaclive, Banb.  
Swerford, Chad.  
Swinbrooke, Chad.  
Swincombe, Ewel.  
Sybberds gore, Blox.  
Sybberds Ferries, Blox.  
Synett, Bamp.    


T  
Tackley, Wot.  
Tadmerton little, Blox.  
Tadmerton great, Blox.  
Tadlisthorpe, Chad.  
Tamerton great, Blox.  
Tangley Chad.  
Tetsworth, Tame.  
Teynton, Chad.  
THAME NEW, Tame.  
Thame old, Tame.  
Thame Park, Tame.  
Thorpe, Wots.  
Thorpe, Lang.  
Thoulkford, Lewk.  
Tiddington, Bulling.  
Tive little, Wot.  
Tive great, Wot.  
Tusmore, Plough.  
Tythorpe, Lewk.    


V  
Vpton, Bamp.    


W  
Walcott, Chad.  
Warborro, Ewel.  
Wardenton, Banb.  
Warrant, Plough.  
Warton, Wot.  
WATLINGTON, Pir.  
Water Eton, Wot.  
Waterpery, Bulling.  
Waterstocke, Tame.  
Weald, Bamp.  
Wendlebury, Plough.  
Westall hill, Chad.  
Westcott Barton, Wot.  
Weston South. Tame.  
Weston North, Tame.  
Weston on the Green, Ploug.  
Westwell, Bamp.  
Whatley, Bulling.  
Whichwood Forrest, Chad.  
Whitfeild, Pirt.  
Whitchurch, Lang.  
Wickam, Banb.  
Wigginton, Blox.  
Wightill, Wot.  
Willcott, Wot.  
Williamscott, Banb.  
WITTNEY, Bamp.  
Witch, Chad.  
Wiveold, Ewel.  
Woodcott, Lang.  
Woodeaton, Bulling.  
WOODSTOCK, W.  
Worton over, Wot.  
Worton nether, Wot.  
Wotton, Wot.  
Wroxstone, Blox.  
Wulvercott, Wot.    


Y  
Yarnton, Wot.  
Yellford, Bamp.      


The bounds of Gloucestershire.  Gloucestershire, in the Saxons Tongue, Gleaucesderschyre, lieth bordered upon the North with Worcester and Warwick-shires, upon the East with Oxford and Wilt-shire; upon the South altogether with Sommersetshire: and upon the West with the River Wye and Hereford-shire.  

The Length.  (2) The length thereof extended from Bristol upon the River Avon in her South, unto Clifford upon another Avon in her North, are about forty eight miles; and her broadest part from East to West, is from Lechlad unto Preston, 
The Breadth.  containing twenty eight: the whole circumference about one hundred thirty eight miles.  

The Form.  (3) The form whereof is somewhat long and narrow: the Air thereof is pleasant, sweet and delectable: and for fruitfulness of soil hear Malmesbury and not me: 
Wil Malmes.  The ground of this Shire throughout (saith he) yieldeth plenty of corn, and bringeth forth abundance of fruits; 
The Soil.  the one through the natural goodness only of the ground, the other through the diligent manuring and tillage, in such wise, that it would provoke the laziest person to take pains. Here you may see the Highways and common La●es clad with Appletrees and Peartrees, not engrafted by the industry of man's hand, but growing naturally of their own accord: the ground of itself is so inclined to bear fruits, and those both in taste and beauty far exceeding others, and will endure until a new supply come. There is not any Country in England so thick set with Vine yards as this Province is, so plentiful of increase, and so pleasant in taste. The very wines made thereof carry no unpleasant tartness, as being little inferior in sweet verdure to the French Wines: the houses are innumerable, the Churches passing fair, and the Towns standing very thick. But that which addeth unto all good gifts (a special glory) is the River Severne, than which there is not any in all the Land, for Channel broader, for Stream swifter, or for Fish better stored. There is in it a daily rage and fury of waters, which I know not whether I may call a Gulf or Whirlpool of waves, raising up the sands from the bottom, winding and driving them upon heaps: sometimes overflowing her banks, roveth a great way upon the face of her bordering grounds, and again retireth as a Conqueror into the usual Channel. Unhappy is the Vessel which it taketh full upon the side: but the Watermens well beware thereof, when they see that Hydra coming, turn the Vessel upon it, and cut thorough the midst of it, whereby they check and avoid her violence and danger.  

The Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient people that possessed this Province, were the DOBUNI, who spread themselves further into Oxford-shire. But betwixt the Severne and Wye were seated part of SILURES, or Inhabitants of South Wales. And upon what ground I know not, let Lawyers dispute it, the Inhabitants in some part of this Shire enjoy a private custom to this day, that the goods and lands of Condemned Persons fall unto the Crown but only for a Year and a Day, and then return to the next Heirs, contrary to the custom of all England besides.  

The Commodities.  (5) The general Commodities of this Shire, are Corn, Iron and Wools, all passing fine, besides Pasturage, Fruits and Woods, which last are much lessened by making of Iron, the only bane of Oak, Elm and Beech.  

Market-towns.  (6) These with all other provisions are traded thorough twenty five Market-towns in this County, whereof two are Cities of no small import: The first is Gloucester, from whom the Shire taketh name, seated upon Severne, near the midst of this Shire, by Antonine the Emperor called Glevum, built first by the Romans, and set as it were upon the neck of the Silureses, to yoke them, where their Legion called Colonia Glevum, lay. It hath been walled about, (excepting that part that is defended by the River) the ruins whereof in many places appear; and some part yet standing, doth well witness their strength. This City was first won from the Britaines by Cheulin the first King of the Westsaxons, about the year of Christ 570. and afterwards under the Mercians it flourished with great honour, where Osrik, King of Northumberland, by the sufferance of Erhelred of Mercia, founded a most stately Monastery of Nuns, whereof Kineburgh, Eadburgh, and Eve, Queens of the Mercians, were Prioresses successively each after other.  

Gloucester City.  (7) Edelfled a most renowned Lady, Sister to King Edward the elder, in this City built a fair Church, wherein herself was interred; which being overthrown by the Danes, was afterwards rebuilt, and made the Cathedral of that See, dedicated unto the honour of Saint Peter. In this Church the unfortunate Prince, King Edward the second, under a Monument of Alabaster doth lie; who being murdered at Barkley Castle, by the cruelty of French Isabel his wife, was there entombed. And not far from him another Prince as unfortunate, namely, Robert Curthose, the eldest son of William the Conqueror, lieth in a painted wooden Tomb in the midst of the Choir; whose eyes were plucked out in Cardiff Castle, wherein he was kept prisoner twenty six years, with all contumelious indignities, until through extreme anguish he ended his life. And before any of these, in this City, say our British Historians, the body of Lucius our first Christian King was interred: and before his days the Britain's Arviragus.  
The graduation of this County I observe from this City, 
The Graduation.  whence the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude, 52. and 14. minutes, and in the Longitude from the West 18. and 5. minutes.  
(8) The other City is Bristol, 
Bristol.  fair, but not very ancient, built upon the Rivers Avon and Fro●me, for trade of Merchandise a second London, and for beauty and account next unto York. This City standeth partly in this County, and partly in Sommersetshire: but being a County of itself, will acknowledge subjection to neither.  
(9) A City more ancient hath been Circester, 
Circester.  by Ptolemy called Cerinium; by Antonine, Durocornovium; by Giraldus, Passerum Vrbem, The Sparrows City, upon a flying report, that Gurmund a Tyrant from Africa, 
Alexander Necham.  besieging this City, tied fire unto the wings of Sparrows, who lighting in the Town upon light matter, set flame upon all. The circuit of whose walls extended two miles about, wherein the Consular Port or ways of the Romans met and crossed each other. This City was won from the Britaines by Cheulin, first King of the Westsaxons: afterwards it was possessed by the Mercians; and lastly by the Danes under Gurmund (the former no doubt mistaken for him) wherein a rabble of them kept the space of a year, 
Marianus.  Anno 879. and never since inhabited, according to the circuit of her walls.  
(10) Places of memorable note are these: 
Memorable places.  the Island Alney near unto Gloucester, wherein Edmund Iron-side the English, and Canutus the Dane, after many battles and blood, fought in single combat hand in hand alone, until they compounded for the Kingdom's partition: 
Barkley.  Barkley Castle, where King Edward the second was thorough his fundament run into his bowels with a red burning Spit: 
Tewksbury.  Tewksbury, the fatal period of King Henry the sixth his government, and the wound of the Lancastrian Cause; for in a battle there fought in Anno 1471. Prince Edward, the only son of King Henry, had his brains dashed out in a most shameful manner, the Queen his Mother taken prisoner, and most of their favourites slain and beheaded. And at Alderley a little Town standing eight miles from the Severne, upon the hills to this day are found Cockles, Periwinkles and Oysters of solid stone, 
Shellfish congealed into stones.  which whether they have been Shellfish and living creatures, or else the sports of Nature in her works, let the Natural Philosophers dispute of and judge.  
(11) The places of piety, 
Religious places.  set apart from other worldly Services, and dedicated to religious uses by the devotions of Princes, erected in this Shire, were Tewksbury, Deorhust, Gloucester, Minching, Barkley, Kingswood, Circester, Winchcomb and Hales; which last was built with great cost by Richard Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans, wherein himself, and his Duchess were interred. Their son Earl Edmund brought out of Germany the blood of Hales, supposed and said to be part of that which Christ shed upon his Crosse. In this place with great confluence and devotions of Pilgrimage it was sought to and worshipped, till time proved it a mere counterfeit, when the glorious light of the Gospel revealed to eyesight such gross Idolatries, and the skirts of Superstition were turned up, to the show of her own shame.  
(12) Dukes and Earls that have borne the title of Gloucester, 
Dukes and Earls of Gloucester.  the first of every Family are by their Arms and Names within the Card expressed, ever fatal to her Dukes, though the greatest in blood and birth. The first was Thomas Woodstock, son to King Edward the third, who in Calais was smothered in a Featherbed to death. The second was Humphrey brother to King Henry the fifth, by the fraudulent practice of the malignant Cardinal and Queen, made away at Saint Edmundsbury, And the last was Richard, brother to King Edward the fourth, who by the just hand of God was cut off in battle by King Henry the seventh.  
(13) This Shires division is principally into four parts, 
The Shires division.  subdivided into thirty Hundreds, and them again into two hundred and eighty Parish-Churches▪ whose names are inserted in the Table upon the other part of this Card.   map of Gloucestershire 
GLOCESTERSHIRE contrived into thirty three several hundreds & those again in to four principal devisions The City of Gloucester & Bristol described with the arms of such noble men as have been dignified with the titlles of Earls & Dukes thereof  


HUNDREDS in Gloucestershire.  
1. BErkley.  
2. Grombaldashe.  
3. Langley and Swinshed.  
4. Thornebury.  
5. Henbury.  
6. Pocklechurch.  
7. Kings Barton.  
8. Kistgate.  
9 Dirhurst.  
10. Cleeve.  
11. Tibolston.  
12. Cheltenham.  
13. Tewksbury.  
14. Westminster.  
15. Slaughter.  
16. Dudstone.  
17. Blidesloe.  
18. S. Briavels.  
19 Westbury.  
20. Botloe.  
21. Crothem.  
22. Rapsgate.  
23. Whitston.  
24. Britles Barrow.  
25. Bradly.  
26. Longtree.  
27. Bisleigh.  
28. Barton.  
29. Wotton.  
30. Gloucester.   


A  
Abeall, Brad.  
Abenhall, Briau.  
Ablington, Brit.  
Aboteston, Pock.  
Acton illger, Gromb.  
Acton turfeile, Gromb.  
Addlestrape, Slaugh.  
Admington, Kist.  
Alderleigh, Gromb.  
Alderton, Tew.  
Alkington, Berk.  
Almondsbury, Berk.  
Alveston, Lang.  
Alvington, Blid.  
Ampney Donu, Croth.  
Ampney Holyrode, Croth.  
Ampney Peter, Croth.  
Apestrosse, Gromb.  
Apperley, Westmin.  
Arle, Chelton.  
Artingham, Whitst.  
Arlingham, Berk.  
Arlington, Brit.  
Ashchurch, Tew.  
Ashleworth, Berk.  
Ashleworth, Dud.  
Ashton underhill, Tib.  
Ashton underhill, Tew.  
Ashton upon Carrion, Tew.  
Ashton Somervill, Kist.  
Ashton underedge, Kist.  
Atherston, Kist.  
Avening, Longt.  
Avon Flu.  
Aulston, Worcest. Coun. Te.  
Aulsworth, Brit.  
Aunsbury, Henb.  
Aust, Henb.  
Aust passage, Henb.  
Awre, Blid.  
Aylberton, Blid.  
Aylverton, Lang.    


B  
Badgenden, Croth.  
Badgeworth, Dudst.  
Badmanton great, Gromb.  
Badmanton little, Gromb.  
BARKLY, Berk.  
Barton street, Dudst.  
Barnewood, Dudst.  
Barnsley, Botl.  
Barrington, Slaugh.  
Battesfort, Kist.  
Bawton, Croth.  
Beaverston, Berk.  
Bekford, Tew.  
Beckford, Tib.  
Bengrove, Tib.  
Bentham, Dudst.  
Bicknor English, Briau.  
Birdly, Raps.  
Bisley, Bisl.  
Bitton, Lang.  
Blakney, Blid.  
S. Blasie chapel. Henb.  
Blayson, West.  
Bleddington, Slaugh.  
Bleisdone, West.  
Blockley of Worcest. Coun. Kist.  
Bodenten, Chelt.  
Boddington, Tew.  
Bowthorpe, Brit.  
Boxwell, Gromb.  
Bradley, Wotton.  
Bradley, Wotton.  
Bradston, Berk.  
Bradway, Kist.  
Bradwell, Slaugh.  
Brenchyate, Lang.  
S. Briavels, Briau.  
Brimsfeild, Raps.  
BRISTOL.  
Bochampton, Brad.  
Brockington, Cleeve.  
Brockworth, Dudst.  
Brodwell, Slaugh.  
Brokwer, Briau.  
Bromsborrow, Botl.  
Bruckthropp, Dudst.  
Buckland, Kist.  
Bulley, Botl.  
Burton on the hill, Tew.  
Burton on the hill, Westm.  
Burton super Mont. Kist.  
Burton on the water, Slaugh.  
Bybery, Brit.    


C  
Calmsden, Raps.  
Cambridge, Berk.  
CAMPDEN BROAD. Kist.  
Cardiff, Tew.  
Cawhunborne, Kist.  
Cemerton, Tew.  
Cerney North, Raps.  
Cerney South Croth.  
Charfeild, Gromb.  
Charleton, Henb.  
Charleton, Long.  
Charleton Abbots, Kist.  
Charleton Kings, Chelt.  
Charringworth, Kist.  
Chaseley, Westm.  
Chedworth, Raps.  
CHELTONHAM, Ch.  
Cherington, Long.  
Chesell pill, Henb.  
Childeswickham, Kist.  
Chipping, Campden, Gromb.  
CHIPPING SODBURY, Grom.  
Churcham, Westb.  
Churchbeame, Briau.  
Churchdowne, Dudst.  
Churn Flu.  
CIRENCESTER, Cro.  
Clapton, Slaugh.  
Cleeve Bishops, Cleeve.  
Clifford, Kist.  
Clifford Chambers, Te.  
Clifton, Bart.  
Clurewall Beam, Briau.  
Cotes-would, Bisl.  
Coats, Croth.  
Codrington, Gromb.  
Cold Aston, Pock.  
Cold aston Lodge, Pock.  
Colford, Briau.  
Coln Flu.  
Combe, Berk.  
Compton, Brad.  
Compton greenefeild, Henb.  
Compton little, Dirh.  
Coteswowd, Bisl.  
Couldaston, Brad.  
Couldaston lodge, Chel.  
Cowberkley, Brad.  
Cowley, Berk.  
Cowln allines, Brit.  
Cowln deans, Dirh.  
Cowndemill, Brad.  
Cown Rogers, Brad.  
Cownsborne, Raps.  
Cow, Raps.  
Cranham, Raps.  
Crombhall, Berk.  
Cross, Westmin.  
Cross Court, Westmin.  
Cross Wood, Westm.  
Cuckerton, Long.  
Cundicot, Kist.  
Cundicott, Slaugh.  
Cutteiden, Kist.    


D  
Daglingworth, Croth.  
DEANE GREAT, Briau.  
Deane little, Briau.  
Deane Forrest, Briau.  
Dedmerter, Gromb.  
Derham, Gromb.  
Derham lodge, Gromb.  
Didbrooke, Kist.  
Dikston, Tew.  
Dirdurst, Dirh.  
Dirhurst walton, Westmin.  
Dixton, Tew.  
Doddington, Gromb.  
Dorsington, Kist.  
Dorsington, Kist.  
Dovell, Longt.  
Doughton, Longt.  
Dowdeswell, Brad.  
Downehart henley, Dudst.  
Doynton, Lang.  
Dristeld, Croth.  
Dunbreton, Kist.  
Dunington, Slaugh.  
Dunsborne Abbots, Croth.  
Dunsborne Lyre, Raps.  
Dunsborne Rowse, Cro.  
DURSLEY, Wotton.  
Durham, Gromb.  
Durham lodge, Gromb.  
Dymmock, Bot.    


E  
Eastlenton, Brad.  
Easton, Barton.  
Eberton, Kist.  
Edgeworth, Bisl.  
Elberton, Berk.  
Elmeley, Tew.  
Elmore, Dudst.  
Elmston, Chels.  
Elmstree, Longt.  
Elston, Raps.  
Emington, Westmin.  
Estleach Marton, Brit.  
Estleach Turvill, Crit.  
Estrington, Brad.  
Estrington, Whitst.  
Evenlod, Kist.  
Eversholme Valley, Kist.    


F  
Farmecott, Kist.  
Fairefeild, Brit.  
Falefeild, Thorneb.  
Fiddington, Tew.  
Filton, Berk.  
Flaxley, Briau.  
Ford, Kist.  
Forthampton, Tew.  
Frampton, Bisl.  
Frampton cottrel, Lang.  
Frampton upon Sabtin, Whitst.  
Framilode passage, Whitst.  
Frethernes, Whitst.  
Froceter, Whitst.  
Fromn Flu.  
from, Lang.    


G  
Gatcombe, Blid.  
Getting Temple, Kist.  
Getting nether, Kist.  
Getting poor, Kist.  
GLOUCESTER▪ Du.  
Grafton, Tibol.  
Greet, Kist.  
Gretton, Kist.  
Grumball, Gromb.  
Gudderington, Cleeve.    


H  
Ham, Wotton.  
Ham, Wotton.  
Humbrooke, Lang.  
Hampton mirsey, Croth.  
Hampnet, Brad.  
Hamsfallow, Berk.  
Hangingston of Worcest. Coun. Kist.  
Hanham west, Barton.  
Hannan, Lang.  
Hardwick Whitst.  
Harescombe, Dudst.  
Harfeild, Whitst.  
Harnell, Croth.  
Harnhill, Croth.  
Hartbury, Dudst.  
Harwick, Westmin.  
Haselton, Brad.  
Hasfeild, Westmin.  
Hatherley, Dudst.  
Hatharpe, Brit.  
Hawksbury, Gromb.  
Hawling, Kist.  
The Haw passage Tew.  
Hails, Kist.  
Hempton, Lang.  
Hempsted, Dudst.  
Henbury, Henb.  
Heydon, Westmin.  
Hidcott, Kist.  
Hill, Berk.  
Himton on the Green, Tib.  
Hincham, Dudst.  
Hinton, Gromb.  
Hinton, Berk.  
Harefeild, Berk.  
Horseley, Longt.  
Horton, Gromb.  
HORWOOD, Gromb.  
Hucklecot, Dudst.  
Huelsfeild, Brit.  
Huntingford, Berk.  
Huntley, Bot.  
Hyde, Kist.  
Hynton, Kist.    


I  
S. John's Ashes, Brad.  
Itcott, Lang.  
Itcott Ganuth, Thorneb.  
Iron Acton, Thorneb.  
Itchington, Henb.    


K  
Kempley, Botl.  
Kempsford, Briau.  
Kemmerton, Tew.  
Kingscot, Berk.  
Kingsholme, Dudst.  
King's Road▪ Henb.  
Kingswood, Gromb.  
Kingswood Forrest, Lang.  
Kingweston, Berk.  
Kynton, Thorneb.    


L  
Lancante, Westb.  
Lasborow, Long.  
Lassington, Dudst.  
Laterige, Thorneb.  
Laverton, Kist.  
Lea, Briau.  
Leaden Flu.  
Leaden Court, Glocest.  
Leaden height, Dudst.  
Leech Flu.  
Leckhampton, Chelt.  
Lecombe, Slaugh.  
Leighterton, Gromb.  
Lemington the less, Tew.  
LETCHLAD, Brit.  
Lilton, Dudst.  
Littleton, Gromb.  
Littleton upon Severne, Lang.  
Longborough, Kist.  
Longford, Dudst.  
Longhope, Botl.  
Longney, Whitst.  
Loyterton, Gromb.  
Luppiat nether, Bisl.  
Luppiat over, Bisl.  
Lydney, Blid.  
The Lie, Chelt.    


M  
Maismore, Dudst.  
Mangersbury, Slaugh.  
Mangesfeild, Barton.  
MARSHFEILD, Tho.  
Marsh-Salt, Henb.  
Marston, Kist.  
Marston Sicca, Kist.  
Matson, Dudst.  
Merton Henmersh, Kist.  
Mesyhampton, Croth.  
Mickleton, Kist.  
Micklewood Chase, Wotton.  
Milcot, Kist.  
MINCHING HAMPTON, Long.  
Minsterworth, botl.  
Minsterden, bisl.  
Morton, Thorneb.  
Morton, Westmin.  
Morton Valence, Whitst.  
Mynetey, Croth.    


N  
Natton, Tew.  
Naunton, Slaugh.  
Naunton, Kist.  
Newent, botl.  
New park, berk.  
Newland, briav.  
NEWNEHAM, botl.  
Newton, Tew.  
Newton Bagpath, berk.  
NEWENT▪ botl.  
New work, Wotton.  
New work, Dudst.  
New work, Wotton.  
Nimpsfield, berk.  
NOTHLEACH, bri.  
Northwaye, Tew.  
Northwick of Worcest. Coun. Kist.  
Northwick, Henb.  
Norton, Dudst.  
Notgrave, brad.  
Nybley North, Wotton.    


O  
Oddington, Slaugh.  
Oldbury, Thorneb.  
Oldbury, Gromb.  
Olveston, Lang.  
Osseworth, berk.  
Over, Dudst.  
Over, Lang.  
Onolpen, berk.  
Oxenden, Tew.  
Oxenhall, botl.  
Oxling, Whitst.    


P  
Pacha, Lang.  
Pagenhull, bisl.  
Pariswick, bisl.  
Pumington, Tew.  
Pantley, botl.  
Passage, Tew.  
Paxford of Worcest. Kist.  
Painswick Lodge. bisl.  
Pebworth, Kist.  
Pinock, Kist.  
Pirton Passage, blid.  
Pitchcombe, Dudst.  
Pocklechurch, Pockle.  
Post lip, Kist.  
Pulton in Wilsh Count Croth.  
Pulton, Croth.  
Prestbury, Dirh.  
Preston, Dudst.  
Preston, botl.  
Preston Croth.  
Preston upon Stower, Dirh.  
Prigne, Dudst.    


Q  
Queiton, Kist.  
Quevinton, brit.  
Quedsley, Whitst.    


R  
Radburgh, Longt.  
Rangeworth, Thorneb.  
Redwicke, Henb.  
Rendcombe, Raps.  
Ridland, Henb.  
Rissington great, Slaugh.  
Rissington little. Slaugh.  
Rockhampton, Lang.  
Rodberow, Long.  
Rodmarton, Longt.  
Ruardyne, briav.  
Ruddle, Westmin.  
Rudford, botl.  
Rudwick, Whitst.    


S  
Saintbury, Kist.  
Sandhurst, Dudst.  
Salperton, brad.  
Sarney-North, Raps.  
Sarney-South, Croth.  
Saperton, bisl.  
Saul, Whitst.  
Seasoncot, Kist.  
Sedgebarrow, Tew.  
Senhampton, brad.  
Settesley passage, Westb.  
Severne Flu.  
Sewdeley, Kist.  
Sewdeley, Kist.  
Sewdeley Castle, Kist.  
Sewdeley Park, Kist.  
Shardington great, Dudst.  
Shardington little. Dudst.  
Shearhampton, He●b.  
Shenington, Tew.  
Sheperdine, berk.  
Sherborne, Slaugh.  
Sherenton, Kings.  
Sherston Rock, Henb.  
Shipton Moigne, Longt.  
Shipton Olive, brad.  
Simonshall, berk.  
Slaughter the less, Slaugh.  
Slaughter the upper, Slaugh.  
Slimbride, berk.  
Snowshull, Kist.  
Sodbury little, Gromb.  
Sodbury old, Gromb.  
Solars, brad.  
Southam, Cleeve.  
Southorpe, brit.  
Southweeke, Tew.  
Standish, Whitst.  
Stanley Kings, Whitst.  
Stanley Leonard, Whitst.  
Stanley Poutlarge, Kist.  
Stanton, briav.  
Staunton, Kist.  
Stanway Church, Tew.  
Stanway Wood, Tew.  
Stapleton, barton.  
Starton, Dirh.  
Steanbridge, bisl.  
Stinchcombe, berk.  
Stoke, Kist.  
Stoke Bishops, Henb.  
Stoke Gifford, Henb.  
Stoke Lodge, Henb.  
Stoke Orchard, Cleeve.  
Stone, berk.  
Stone-house, Whitst.  
STOW on the Wowld, Slaugh.  
Stowell, brad.  
Stowicke, Henb.  
Streatton, Croth.  
STROUD, bisl.  
Stroud Flu.  
Suddington Langley, Croth.  
Sutton, Glocest.  
Sutton under brayles, Westm.  
Suilliat Flu.  
Swell the higher. Kist.  
Swell the lesser, Slaugh.  
Swindon, Chelt.  
side, Raps.  
Synwell, berk.  
Syston, Pockle.    


T  
Tadilthorpe, Slaugh.  
Teintons, botl.  
TETBURY, Longt.  
TEWEKE●BURY, Tew.  
THORNBURY, Thorn.  
Thormarton, brad.  
Throngham, busl.  
Tibberton, botl.  
Titherington, Thorneb.  
Tockington, L●●g.  
Todden●a●, West.  
Todenham, Kist.  
Toddington, Tew.  
Todington, Kist.  
Tormerton▪ Gromb.  
Torworth, Gromb.  
Tuddington, Kist.  
Tuffley, Dudst.  
Tunley, bisl.  
Turkedean, brad.  
Turfeild, Gromb.  
Twiggeworth, Dudst.  
Twinning, Kist.  
twining, Tew.  
Treacle, Westb.  
Treddington, Tew.  
Tresham, Gromb.  
Tyddenham, West.  
Tyrley, Dirh.  
Tyrley, West.    


V  
Uckington, Dirh.  
S. Vincents R●cke, bart.  
Vineyard, Westmin.  
Uley, berk.  
Upleadon, botl.  
Upton, Longt.  
Upton S. Leonard, Dared.  
Urcote, Swim.    


W  
Walford, Kist.  
Walland, Lang.  
Walton, Tew.  
Washborne Worcest. Cou. Tew.  
Wapliegh, Gromb.  
Wanswell, berk.  
Waynlode-hill, Glocest.  
Week, Pock.  
Welford, Dirh.  
Westall, Chelt.  
Westbury, West.  
Westbury upon Trian, Henb.  
Westcott, Slaugh.  
Westerleygh, Pockle.  
Westington, Kist.  
Weston Birt, Long.  
Weston Regis, Henb.  
Weston Laurence, Men.  
Weston under edge, Kist.  
Whaddon, Dudst.  
Whetenburst, Whitst.  
Whitfeild, West.  
Whiteley Park, berk.  
Whitmyster, Whitst.  
Whittington, brad.  
Wickrissington, Slaugh.  
WICKWARRE, Grom.  
Wickwick, Lang.  
Widford, Glocest.  
Willersey, Kist.  
WINCHCOMB, Kist.  
Windridge, Slaugh.  
Windrush Flu.  
Windrush, Slaugh.  
Winston, brad.  
Winston, bisl.  
Wintesborne, Lang.  
WITCOMBE GREAT, Dudst.  
Witcombe little, Dudst.  
Withibridge, West.  
Woodchester, Longt.  
Woodmancott, Cleeve.  
Woodmancott, berk.  
Woodmercott, Raps.  
Woolaston, West.  
Woolston, Dirh.  
Wormington little, Kist.  
Wortly, berk.  
Wotton, Dudst.  
WOTTON underedge, Wot.  
Wowlsworth, Longt.  
Wye Flu.  
Wyke, Puck.  
Wythington, brad.    


Y  
Yate, Henb.  
Yate, Gromb.  
Yartelton Hill, botl.  
Yeonworth, brad.      


The m●a●ure and circumference of this Shire.  HEREFORD-SHIRE, (formerly accounted within the limits of Wales) lieth circulated upon the North with Worcester and Shrop-shire; upon the East with Malverne Hils is parted from Gloucestershire; upon the South is kept in with Monmouth-shire; and upon the West in part with the Hatterall Hils is divided from Brecknok; and the rest confined with Radnor shire.  

The Climate.  (2) This Counties climate is most healthful and temperate, and soil so fertile for Corn and Cattle, that no place in England yieldeth more or better conditioned: sweet Rivers running as veins in the body, do make the corn bearing grounds in some of her parts rightly to be termed the Gilded Vale: and for Waters, Wool, and Wheat, doth contend with Nilus, Colchos, and Egypt: such are Lemster, and Irchenfeild, the Banks of Wye, Lugier, and from.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (3) The ancient people known to the Romans, (whose power they well felt before they could subdue them) were the Silurus, placed by Ptolemy in this Tract, and branched further into Radnor, Brecknok, Monmouth, and Glamorgan-shires, at this day by us called South-Wales, and by the Welsh Deheuharth. Their Original, 
Tacitus in vita Agricolae.  as Tacitus conjectureth by their site, coloured countenances and curled hair, was out of Spain, and as both he and Pliny describes them were fierce, valiant, and impatient of servitude, which well they showed under Caratacus their Captain, and nine years' scourge to the Roman assaulters, for whose only conquest (and that made by treachery) the Victor in Rome triumphed with more than a usual Aspect; and with so equal an hand bore the Scoale of Resistance, that their own Writers evermore term it a dangerous War. For the Legion of Marius Valens they put to flight, and that with such havoc of the Associates, that Ostorius the Lieutenant of Britain for very grief gave up his ghost: and Veranius under Nero assaulted them in vain. But when Vespasian was Emperor, and expert Soldiers employed into every Province, julius Frontinus subdued those Silureses unto the Romans, where continually some of their Legions afterward kept, till all was abandoned in Valentinians time.  

Sutton the Court of King Offa.  (4) The Saxons then made themselves Lords of this Land, and this Province a part of their Mercians Kingdom; yea, and Sutton the Court of great Offa their King.  

Her●ford the chief City.  (5) But Hereford after, raised of the ruins of old Artconium (now Kenchester, shaken in pieces by a violent earthquake) grew to great fame, through a conceived sanctity by the burial of Ethelbert King of the East-Angles, slain at Sutton by Offa, at what time he came thither to have espoused his Daughter; whose grave was first made at Marden, but afterwards canonised and removed to this City, when in honour of him was built the Cathedral Church by Milfrid, a petty King of that Country, which Grufsith Prince of South-Wales, and Algar an Englishman, rebelling against King Edward Confessor, consumed with fire; but by Bishop Reinelin was restored as now it is, 
An. Dom. 1055.  at what time the Town was walled, and is so remaining in good repair, having six gates for entrance, and fifteen Watch-Towers for defence, extending in compass to fifteen hundred paces: and whence the North-Pole is observed to be raised 52. deg. 27. min in Latitude, and is set from the first point of the West in Longitude, 17. deg. and 30. min. being yearly governed by a Major, chosen out of one and thirty Citizens, which are commonly called the Election, and he ever after is known for an Alderman, and clothed in Scarlet, whereof four of the eldest are Justices of Peace, graced with a Sword-bearer, a Recorder, a Town-Clerke, and four Sergeants with Mace.  
The greatest glory that this City received, was in King Athelstans' days; where as Malmesbury doth report, he caused the Lords of Wales by way of Tribute, to pay yearly (besides Hawks and Hounds). twenty pound of Gold, and three hundred pound of Silver by weight; but how that was performed and continued I find not.  
(6) Things of rare note in this Shire are said to be, 
Bone-well.  Bone-well, a spring not far from Richard's Castle, wherein are continually found little Fishes bones, but not a fin seen; and being wholly cleansed thereof, will notwithstanding have again the like, whether naturally produced, or in veins thither brought, no man knoweth.  
(7) But more admirable was the work of the Omnipotent, even in our own remembrances, and year of Christ Jesus 1571. when the Marcley Hill in the East of this Shire, 
Marcley Hill.  roused itself out of a dead sleep, with a roaring noise removed from the place where it stood, and for three days together traveled from her first site to the great amazement and fear of the beholders. It began to journey upon the seventh day of February, being Saturday, at six of the Clock at night, and by seven in the next morning had gone forty paces, carrying with it Sheep in their coats, hedge-rowes, and trees; whereof some were overturned, and some that stood upon the plain, are firmly growing upon the hill; those that were East, were turned West; and those in the West were set in the East; in which remove it overthrew Kinnaston Chapel, and turned two highways near a hundred yards from their usual paths formerly trod. The ground thus travelling, was about twenty six Acres, which opening itself with Rocks and all, bore the earth before it for four hundred yard's space without any stay, leaving that which was Pasturage in place of the Tillage, and the Tillage overspread with Pasturage. Lastly, overwhelming her lower parts, mounted to an hill of twelve fathoms high, and there rested herself after three day's travel: 
job 28▪ 9 Esay 40.12.  remaining his mark, that so laid his hand upon this Rock, whose power hath poised the Hills in his Balance.  
(8) Religious Houses built by the devotions of Princes, 
Religious Houses.  and stored with Votaries and revenues for life, were in this Shire no less than thirteen, most sweetly seated in the places as followeth: at both the Hereford's, Barron, Ewayot, Clifford, Monemue, Acornebury, Lemster, Lingbroke, Peterchurch, Kilpek, Dore and Wiggemore: and suspected of hypocrisy, were called in question by King Henry the eight, and so strictly pursued, that some faults were apparent, whereby they were laid open to the general Deluge of the Time, whose stream bore down the Walls of all those foundations, carrying away the Shrines of the dead, and defacing the Libraries of their ancient Records.  
(9) This County before the Conquest being accounted in Wales, was then strengthened with Forts against the English: & being once made a Province to England, was fortified with Castles against the Welsh, wherein we find no less than twenty eight, though many of them now are ruinated to nothing. Such were Alban, 
The number of Castles in this S●●●e.  at both the Ewyats', Godridg, Grosmond, Herdley, Hereford, Old Castle, Dorston, Brampton, Bredwarden, Saint Biruels, Ledbury, Lenals, Snowdel, Harlewais, Huntingdon, Wilton, Wigmore, Richards, Monemue, Corf●, Kilbeck, Clifford, Skenefred, Witney, Radenwer, and Kenevenleis, 
Market-towns.  and is traded with eight Market-Towns, being divided into eleven Hundreds, and in them seated one hundred seventy and six Parish-Churches, containing in compass 102. miles.   map of Herefordshire 
HEREFORD-SHIRE described With the true plot of the City Hereford▪ as alsoe the Arms of those Nobles that have been entitled with that Dignity  


HUNDREDS in Hereford-shire.  
1. Wigmore, Hund.  
2. Wolsey, Hund.  
3. Brox●sh, Hund.  
4. Stretford, Hund.  
5. Radlow, Hund.  
6. Grimsworth, Hun.  
7. Greytree, Hund.  
8. Webtree, Hund.  
9 Ewiaslacy, Hund.  
10. Wormelow, Hun.  
11. Hunlington, Hun▪   


A  
Akenbury, Grey.  
Alismoore, Web.  
Allmely, Street.  
Altyrynis, Ewia.  
Amberley, Brox.  
Arcoppe, Worm.  
Aresland, Street.  
Arkeiton, Web.  
Arro Flu.  
Ashton, Wols.  
Asperton, Rad.  
Aston, Wols.  
Aston, Grey.  
Aston, Wig.  
Arsorton, Wig.  
Avenbury, Brox.  
Aylmystree, Wig.  
Aylton, Rad.    


B  
Backton, Web.  
Ballingham, Worm.  
Bartestre, Rad.  
The Batch, Ewia.  
Batch, Hunl.  
Bearley, Street.  
Bickleton, Wols.  
Birchall, Wols.  
Birrinton, Wols.  
Birriton, Wols.  
Blackmere, Web.  
Boddenham, Brox.  
Boresford Wig.  
Boshbury, Rad.  
Boulston, Worm.  
Boushopston, Grim.  
Brampton, Grey.  
BRAMYARD, Brox.  
Branstill Castle, Rad.  
Breadwardyne, Web.  
Bridgesellars, Grim.  
Brietley, Wols.  
Briestowe, Worm.  
Brimmeld, Wols.  
Bringewood chase, Wig  
Brobery, Grim.  
Brockhanton, Grey.  
Brockmanton, Wols.  
Brodward, Wols.  
Brompton, Wig.  
Brompton brian, Wig.  
Broxwood, Street.  
Brilley, Street.  
Brylley, Hunl.  
Brymsfeild, Wols.  
Brynsope, Grim.  
Brynton, Grim.  
Buckton, Wig.  
Bullingham upper, Web.  
Bullingham nether, Web.  
Bullington, Street.  
Burfeild, Grim.  
Burrington, Wig.  
Burton, Street.  
Bury, Street.  
Byford, Grim.  
Byrche little, Worm.  
Byrche great, Worm.  
Byrdenbury, Brox.  
Byshopton, Grim.  
Byton, Wig.    


C  
Calowe, Web.  
Camberton, Wols.  
Canforme, Rad.  
Canon peon, Grim.  
Carsop, Grim.  
Cascob, Wig.  
Chaunston, Web.  
Chorlestre, Web.  
Clayhonger, Web.  
Cledoll, Ewia.  
Clyfford, Hunl.  
Coddington, Rad.  
Collington, Brox.  
Colwall, Rad.  
Combe, Wig.  
Covenhope, Street.  
Coughton Chapel, Gre.  
Cowarne little, Brox.  
Cowarne great, Brox.  
Cowley, Rad.  
Coxall, Wig.  
Cradley, Rad.  
Craswell chapel, Ewia.  
Crednell, Grim.  
Croft Castle, Wols.    


D  
Delwine, Street.  
Deluin little, Wols.  
Deluin solers, Wols.  
Dereford Castle, Wig.  
Saint Deverax, Web.  
Dewchurch, Web.  
Dewchurch great, Wor.  
Dewchurch little, Wor.  
Dewlas, Web.  
Dewsall, Worm.  
Didley, Web.  
Dockley, wols.  
Droier Flu.  
Dormington, Grey.  
Dorston, web.  
Dounton, wig.  
Dowry, web.  
Druxton, web.  
Dunington, Rad.  
Dynchill, Brox.  
Dyneder, web.    


E  
Eardisley, Hunling.  
Easbache, Rad.  
Eton, wols.  
Eton, Grey.  
Eton Bishops, web.  
Ecklesall, Grey.  
Edwin loche, wols.  
Edwin raph, wols.  
E●ton Chapel, wols.  
Elstones Bridge, web.  
Elton, wig.  
Erdeslay, Street.  
Eskle Flu.  
Eskle, Ewia.  
Estnor, Rad.  
Evington, wols.  
Evisbache, Rad.  
Eye, wols.    


F  
Farlow, wols.  
Fawley chapel, Grey.  
Fawnehope, Grey.  
Felton, Brox.  
The Fothoke, Ewia.  
Fowchurch, web.  
Fowemynd chapel, Ewia.  
Fowemynd, Ewia.  
Foye, worm.  
Frogstreet, wig.  
from Flu.  
from, Grey.  
Castle from, Rad.  
Bishops from, Rad.    


G  
Garnar Flu.  
Garran Flu.  
Garwaye, worm.  
Grafton, web.  
grange, wig.  
Gransam, Rad.  
Grenden Warren, Brox.  
Bishops Grenden, Brox.  
Glew●ton, worm.  
Gotbridge, worm.  
Gotheridge Castle, worm.  
Gunarewe, worm.    


H  
Ham, worm.  
Ham lacye, web.  
Hamnesh, wols.  
Hampton, Grim.  
Hampton, wols.  
Hardwicke, Hunl.  
Harewood, worm.  
Hargast, Street.  
Hargast, Hunl.  
Harlestewas, web.  
Harton, wig.  
Hatfeild, wols.  
Hawood forest, web.  
Hennor, wols.  
Henteland, worm.  
HEREFORD, Grim.  
Hereford little, wols.  
Hide, Brox.  
Hide hill, wols.  
West Hide, Rad.  
Holmer, Grim.  
Hongaston, web.  
Hope, wols.  
Hoplers green, wols.  
Horewethye, worm.  
Howcaple, Grey.  
Howton, web.  
Hullingwicke, Brox.  
Humber, wols.  
Hunlington, Hunl.  
Huntingdon chapel, Grim.  
Huntyngton, Street.  
Huntisham, worm.  
Hursley, wols.    


I  
Ingham, Grey.  
Ingleton, Rad.  
Inkeston, worm.    


K  
Kenbury, worm.  
Kenchester, Grim.  
Kenderchurch, web.  
Kevernall, worm.  
Kewstope, Ewia.  
Kilpecke Castle, worm.  
Kimmalton, wols.  
Kings Caple, worm.  
King's peone, Street.  
Kingesland, Street.  
Kingesland, wig.  
Kingsham over, wig.  
Kingsham nether, wig.  
Kingston, web.  
Kinnaston chapel, Gre.  
Knill, wig.  
Kynechurch, web.  
KYNETON, Hunl.  
Kynnarsley, Street.  
Kynton, wig.    


L  
Llancony, Ewia.  
Llandinabo, worm.  
Llangarran, worm.  
Llanrothall, worm.  
Llansillo, Ewia.  
Llanveyno chapel, Ewe.  
Llanwarne, worm.  
Llanyhangle, web.  
Llanyhanrleeskle, Ewia.  
Llattons, Grim.  
Lawton, wig.  
Laystas' Chapel, wols.  
Nether Lee, wig.  
Over Lee, wig.  
Lea, Grey.  
LEMSTER, wols.  
Lenals Castle, Street.  
Lenthall Earls, wig.  
Lenthall Starkes, Wig.  
Lentwardyne, wig.  
Leonhalls, Street.  
Letton, wig.  
Letton, Street.  
Limebrooke, wig.  
Lingan, wig.  
Lodan Flu.  
Logason, wols.  
Longetowne, Ewia.  
Longward, Rad.  
Luckton, wols.  
Ludford, wols.  
Lugier Flu.  
Lugwardyne, Rad.  
Luntley, wols.  
Luston, wols.  
Lyde, Grim.  
Lydden Flu.  
LYDBURY, Rad.  
Lydbury Foreign, Rad.  
Lynton, Grey.  
Lynton, Brox.  
Llytton, wig.    


M  
Madley, web.  
Mansfeild gamage, Grim.  
Marcle great, Grey.  
Marcle little, Rad.  
Marcle hill, Rad.  
Marden, Brox.  
S. Margaret's, Ewia.  
Margast, Street.  
Marlowe, wig.  
Marstowe, worm.  
Marston, Street.  
Marston, Brox.  
Hope Maunsell, Grey.  
Mathern, Brox.  
Michaelchurch, worm.  
Middleton, wols.  
Middleloyte, Ewia.  
Milton, Street.  
Mockas, web.  
Moke, Street.  
Monderfeild, Brox.  
Monington, Grim.  
Monmo Flu.  
Monnynton, web.  
Monsill lacy, Grims.  
Mordeford, Grey.  
Moreton jefferes, Rad.  
Moorehampton, web.  
Morton upon lug, Grims.  
Morton, wols.  
Moukland, Street.  
Mouldley, wig.  
Munsley, Rad.  
Mychaelch●rch, Hunl.  
Mydlewood, Hunl.    


N  
Nash, wig.  
Nethwood, Brox.  
Newchurch, wols.  
Newcourt, web.  
Newton, Ewia.  
Newton, Brox.  
Newton, wols.  
Newton Welsh, wor.  
Newton, wig.  
Noke, Street.  
Norton, Grims.  
Norton, Brox.    


O  
Ocull, Brox.  
Ocull pitchar, Brox.  
Olcon Flu.  
Old town, Ewia.  
Old court, Ewia.  
Oney Flu.  
Orleton, wols.  
Over hill, wols.    


P  
Parke, Rad.  
Patchfeild, wig.  
Pedwardyne, wig.  
Pembridge Castle, worm.  
PEMBRIDGE, Street.  
Pencombe, Brox.  
Pencoyd, worm.  
Penrosse, worm.  
Penyard Castle, Grey.  
Pery, Brox.  
Peterchurch, web.  
Peterstowe, worm.  
Piddleston, wols.  
Pixley chapel, Rad.  
Poston, web.  
Preston, Brox.  
Preston, web.  
Putley chapel, Grey.  
Putteley, Grey.  
Pipe, Grims.    


R  
Castle Richards, wols.  
Risbury, wols.  
Rochfort, wols.  
Rod, wig.  
ROSSE, Grey.  
Rosse Ferren, Grey.  
Rosemaund, Brox.  
Rotheras, web.  
Rowlston, Ewia.  
Rudhall, Grey.    


S  
Salers hope, Grey.  
Over Sappy, Brox.  
Nether Sappy, Brox.  
Sarnesfeild, Street.  
Sarnesfeild, Wols.  
Sarnesfeild Coffin, Street.  
Selleck, worm.  
Shellwicke, Grims.  
Shobden, Wig.  
Shobdon, Street.  
Shorley, Wig.  
Snowdell Castle, Ewia.  
Stanbache, Wig.  
Stanford Kings, Brox.  
Stanford Bishops, Bro.  
Staunton, Wig.  
Staunton upon Wyland, Grims.  
Stepleton Castle, Wig.  
Stocklo, Street.  
Stockton, Wols.  
Stogbach, Wig.  
Stogbach, Wols.  
Stoke, Wols.  
Stoke Edye, Rad.  
Stoke Lacie, Brox.  
Stoke Blish, Brox.  
Stouton, Street.  
Stretton, Grims.  
Stretton, Rad.  
Stretford, Wols.  
Stretford, Street.  
Suggas, Grim.  
Suston, Grey.  
Sutton, Brox.    


T  
Tadington, Rad.  
Tedston Dalamer, Brox.  
Tedston Wafer, Brox.  
Teneraven Chapel, Worm.  
Thornbury, Brox.  
Tregose, Grey.  
Tresek, Worm.  
Tretier, Worm.  
Trewin, Ewia.  
Triago, Worm.  
Tripleton, Wig.  
Tupsley, Grims.  
Turnaston, Web.  
Twyford, Web.  
Tyberton, Web.  
Tytley, Wig.    


V  
The golden Vale, Web.  
Vpton, Wols.  
Vpton, Grey.    


W  
Wackton, Brox.  
Wadels Flu.  
Walderston, Ewia.  
Walford, Wig.  
Walford, Grey.  
Warham, Grims.  
Warton, Wols.  
S. Waynards', Worm.  
The Wears end, Wor.  
WEBLEY, Street.  
Wellington, Grims.  
Weobley, Street.  
Weston, Street.  
Weston beggar, Rad.  
Weston subter, Gre.  
Wethington, Brox.  
Wheyle, Wols.  
Whitborne, Brox.  
Whitchurch, Worm.  
Whitney, Street.  
Witney, Hunl.  
Wicton, Wols.  
Wigmor Castle, Wig.  
Willersley, Street.  
Wilton Castle, worm.  
Winforton, Hunl.  
Winforton, Street.  
Winkcot, wols.  
Winssey, wols.  
Winslowe, Brox.  
Wolhope, Grey.  
The World's end, Rad.  
Wormebridge, web.  
Wormsley, Grim.  
Wonton, Street.  
Wullferlow, Brox.  
Wytton, wig.    


Y  
Yarcle, Rad.  
Yarpoll, wols.  
Yasor, Grims.  
Yatton, Grey.  
Yetton, wig.      

WORCESTER-SHIRE, by the English-Saxons called Wir-ceasder-scyre, 
The ancient Sax●n name.  is a County both rich and populous, and lieth circulated upon the North with Stafford-shire; upon the East with Warwick and Oxford-shires; 
The bounds.  upon the South with Gloucestershire; and the West by Malverne hills is parted from Hereford-shire: the rest lieth confronted upon, and in part divided from Shrop-shire by the River Dowles.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is triangle, but not of equal proportion; for from North to South are thirty two miles, 
The length, breadth, ●n● circumference.  from South to Northwest twenty two, and from thence to her North-east point are twenty eight: the whole in circumference is one hundred and twenty miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air in this Shire is of a favourable temperature, that gives an appetite for labour, diet, and rest: the Soil is fertile, and to me seemed inferior to none other in this Land: for besides the abundance of Corn in every place spread, the Woods and Pasturage in her hills and plains, 
Abundant in fruits.  sweet Rivers that, water the valleys below, & Cattle that cover the tops of higher ground; the Fields, Hedge-rowes, and Highways are beset with fruitful Peartrees, that yield great pleasure to sight, & commodious use: for with their juice they make a bastard kind of wine, called Pe●rey, which is both pleasant and good in taste. Many Salt. Springs also this County affordeth; yea, and more than are commonly in use: such with the Germans, 
Corn●lius Ta●. in his description of Germany.  our ancient Predecessors, were esteemed most sacred and holy; so that (as Tacitus writeth) to such they wontedly resorted to supplicate their Gods with their devout prayers, as to places nearest the heavens, and therefore the sooner to be heard. And Poets in their feign, will have the Nymphs residence in shady green groves, and banks of sweet Springs: if so, then (as Helicon) this County affords both: such are the Forests of Wire and Feckenham, the great woods of Norton, and most fair Chase of Malverne. And for waters, to witness what I say, is the Severne that cuts this Shire in the midst, Teme, Salwarp, and Avon, all of them making fruitful their passage, and stored with Fish of most delicious taste.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient people, possessors of this Shire, were the CORNAVII, Inhabitants of Chesse-shire, Shrop-shire, Stafford, and Warwicke-shires, subdued by the Romans in Claudius Caesar's time, and after their departure, made a portion of the Mercian-Saxons Kingdom, and in Bedaes' time were called the Wicii, whereof it may be this Shire had the name: unless you will have it from the Salt-pits, which in old English are named Wiches; or from the famous Forest of Wyre. Howsoever, true it is that the County doth hold her name from her chief City Worcester.  

Worcester the chief City.  (5) Which is most pleasantly seated, passing well frequented, and very richly inhabited. This was the Branonium, mentioned by Antonine and Ptolemie, called by the Britain's, Caer-wrangon; by Ninius, Caer-Gourcon; by the old Saxons, Wire-ceasder; and by the Latins, Vigornia. This City is seated upon the East bank of Severne, and from the same is walled in trianglewise about, extending in circuit one thousand six hundred and fifty paces: thorough which seven Gates enter, with five other Watch-Towers for defence. It is thought the Romans built this to restrain the Britain's that held all beyond Severne. This City by Hardy Canute in the year of Christ 1041. was sorely endangered, 
Can●t●.  and set on fire, and the Citizens slain almost every one, for that they had killed his Collector of the Danish Tribute: yet was it presently repaired and peopled, with many Burgesses, and for fifteen Hides discharged itself to the Conqueror, as in his Doomesdayes is to be seen. 
D●●m●sdayes Bo●ke.  But in the year 1113. a sudden fire happened, no man knew how, which burned the Castle and Cathedral Church. Likewise in the civil broils of King Stephen it was twice lighted into a flame, 
King Steph●n.  and the latter laid it hopeless of recovery. Notwithstanding from those dead Ashes a new Phoenix arose, and her building raised in a more stately proportion, especially the Cathedral dedicated to S. Mary, first laid by Bishop Sexwolfe, in Anno 680. since when it hath been augmented almost to the River: In the midst of whose Choir, from his many turmoils, resteth the body of King john (the great withstander of the Pope's proceedings) under a Monument of white Marble, 
King john.  in Princely Vestures, with his portraiture thereon according to life. And in the Southside of the same Choir lieth entombed Prince Arthur the eldest son to King Henry the Seventh, 
Prince Arthur.  his Monument is all black Jette, without remembrance of him by Picture.  
This City is governed by two Bailiffs, two Aldermen, two Chamberlains, 
The Magistracy of the City.  and two Constables, yearly elected out of twenty-foure Burgesses, clothed in Scarlet, assisted with 48. other Citizens, whom they call their Common Counsellors, clad in Purple, a Recorder, Town-clerk, and five Sergeants with Mace their Attendants. Whose Geographical Position is distant in Longitude from the West-Meridian 18. degrees, 10. scruples, having the North-Pole elevated in Latitude 52. degrees, and 32. scruples.  
(6) Places of further note for memorable antiquity, is Vpton, 
Vpton.  of great account in the Roman time, where some of their Legions kept, as witness their moneys there often found: the admirable Ditch upon Malverne hills, drawn by Gilbert Clare Earl of Gloucester, 
Malverne Hils.  to divide his lands from the Church of Worcester: 
No certain place is reccided of this Oak, but held to be in this Shire.  the Saxons Augustynes-ace, our Augustine's Oak, where he the English Apostle met with the British Bishops for the uniform celebration of Easter, from whence both parts departed with discontented minds after many hot words and thwarting disputes.  
(7) Neither is it without admiration to me, that many places of this Shire lie far within the Precincts of other Provinces, 
Many Towns in other Shires belonging to this County.  as Auston, Washbornes, Cuttesden, Paxford, Hanging-Easton, Northwicke, Blockley, Eurlode in Gloucestershire, and Goldcote, Aldermerston, Newbold, Treddenton, Armiscote, Blackwell, Darlings-cote, Shipton, Tydminton, Olbarrow, in Warwick shire; Dudley in Stafford-shire, and Rochfort in Hereford-shire, whither I must refer the Reader to find out these and the like in these Western Tracts.  
(8) Religious places erected in this Shire, 
Religious Houses.  and devoted unto God by devout persons, were Bredon, Brodlege, Eutsholme, Alnecester, Cochell, Fladbury, Malverin, Pershore, Stodleg, Westwoods, and Worcester, plenteously provided for, and further secured by many privileges, both which they abused, as were the inditements of all such in the days of King Henry the Eight, at whose Bar (himself being Judge) they were found guilty, and received sentence of their ends and destruction.  
(9) Castles for defence built in this County, 
Castles.  ruinated or in strength, were Hartlebury, Holt, Handl●●, Norton, Elmeley, and Worcester, besides his Majesty's Manor of Tichnell.  
(10) This Shires division is into seven Hundreds, 
The Shires division and Market Townes.  wherein are seated ten Market-Towns, and one hundred fifty two Parish Churches, as in the Table following is expressed.   map of Worcestershire 
WORCESTER SHIRE Described  


HUNDREDS IN Worcester-shire.  
1. HAlfe-shire Hund.  
2. Doddington Hun.  
3. Worcester Limits.  
4. Parshor Hund.  
5. Bl●kenhurst Hund.  
6. Oswalderstowe Hund.  
7. Upton Limits.   


A  
Aberly, Dodding.  
Aberley hill, Dod.  
Abberton, Parsh.  
Acton Beacham, Wor.  
Aldermerston, Parsh.  
Aldington, Black.  
Alechurch, Black.  
Allchurch, Wor.  
Alton, Dod.  
Arelee nether, Dod.  
Armiscott, Oswald.  
Arrow Flu.  
Astley, Dod.  
Aston great, Oswald.  
Aulston, Oswald.  
Ausricke, Wor.    


B  
Badsey, Black.  
Balton hall park, Wor.  
barrow, Vpton.  
Batten hall, Wor.  
Bayton, Dod.  
BEAWDLEY, Dod.  
Belbroughton, Half.  
Bell I inn. H●lf.  
Bengeworth, Black.  
Bentley pantefore, Half.  
Be●rington, Dod.  
Besford, Parsh.  
Beuley, Wor.  
Birlingham, Parsh.  
Bishampton, Osw.  
Blackmore, Vpton.  
Blackwell, Osw.  
Blocklie home, Osw.  
Blocklie, Osw.  
Blockleton, Dod.  
Chenchill Bradicott, Wor.  
Bradlie, Osw.  
Braughton, Parsh.  
Braunsford, Wor.  
Breedon, Osw.  
Breedon hill, Osw.  
Bretforton▪ Black.  
Bricklehampton, Parsh.  
Brodwas, Wor.  
Brodwey, Parsh.  
Brome, part of Staff. Half.  
BROM●SGROVE, Half.  
Bursley, Wor.  
Bushley, Vpton.    


C  
Chaddesike, Half.  
Chadsley, Half.  
Canderton, Osw.  
Chatleton, Osw.  
Chattisley, Vpton.  
Church hill, Half.  
Claynch▪ Wor.  
Cleave prior's, Osw.  
Clent, part of Staff. Half.  
Clent hill, part of Staff. Half.  
Cleve, Black.  
Clevelod, Vpton.  
Clyfton upon Temde, Dod.  
Comberton great, Parsh.  
Comberton little, Parsh.  
Coston▪ Half.  
Cotheridge, Wor.  
Cottenden, Wor.  
Cowley, Wor.  
Cradley, Half.  
Crome hill, Vpton.  
Crome Earls, Vpton.  
Crome younges, Vpton.  
Cropthorne▪ Osw.  
Crowle, Half.  
Crowle, Wor.  
Cuttesden, Wor.  
Cudsoim, Osw.  
Cuntswicke, Dod.    


D  
Dailesford, Osw.  
Darlingscott, Osw.  
Defford, Parsh.  
Dichford higher, Osw.  
Dichford middle, Osw.  
Dodenham, Dod.  
Doderhill, Half.  
Dormeston, Parsh.  
Doverdale, Half.  
Draicote, Osw.  
DRAITWICHE, Half.  
Drove, Osw.  
Dubbicott, Vpton.  
Dudley, Half.  
Dunklyn, Half.    


E  
Eastham, Dod.  
Eckinton, Parsh.  
Eld●esfeild, Vpton.  
Ely, part of Shrop-shire. Half.  
Elmbridge, Half.  
Elmeley lovet, Half.  
Elmlie Castle, Osw.  
Emloade, Osw.  
Estingten, Vpton.  
EVESHOLME, Black.    


F  
Feckenham forest, Wor.  
Fecknam home, Half.  
Fladbury, Osw.  
Flawell flyford, Parsh.  
Frankley, Half.    


G  
Goldcote park, Black.  
Grafton, Half.  
Grafton slyford, Parsh.  
Grimley, Wor.    


H  
Hadsor, Half.  
Hagley, Half.  
Hallow▪ Wor.  
Hales owen, part of Shrop-shire, Wor.  
Hampton lovet, Half.  
Hampton little, Black.  
Hampton great, Black.  
Hadbury, Wor.  
Hanging Easton, Osw.  
Hanley child's, Dod.  
Hanley williams, Dod.  
Hanley Castle, Vpton.  
Hardington, Wor.  
Harkett, Parsh.  
Harkett, Half.  
Hartelbury Castle, Wor.  
Harrington, Osw.  
Heightington, Dod.  
Henlip, Wor.  
Hewell grange, Parsh.  
Himbleton, Wor.  
Hobb lench, Osw.  
Holme, Dod.  
Holt, Wor.  
Holtfast, Vpton.  
Church Honiboure, Black.  
Hill, Osw.  
Hyndlipp, Wor.  
Hynton, Osw.    


I  
Icambe, Osw.  
Inckbarrowe, Osw.  
S. john's, in Bedwarden Wor.    


K  
Kemsey, Wor.  
Kengwick, Wor.  
Keyshend, Vpton.  
KIDDERMINSTER, Half.  
S. Kellams, part of Shrop-shire, Half.  
Kidderminster foreign, Half.  
Kingford, Half.  
Kings Norton, Half.  
Kington, Half.  
Knighton, Dod.  
Kokesey, Half.  
Kyar little, Dod.  
Kyar ward, Dod.  
Kyneton, Osw.    


L  
Church Lench, Half.  
Lench rouse, Osw.  
Lenche atche, Black.  
Lenche shrives, Black.  
Lenche wick, Black.  
Lickey beacon, Half.  
Leigh, Wor.  
Lindridge, Dod.  
Littleton north, Black.  
Littleton south, Black.  
Littleton middle, Black.  
Longdon, Vpton.  
Logdon, Osw.  
Ludley, Half.  
Lulsey, Wor.  
Lindon, Dod.  
Lie, Wor.    


M  
Madresfeild, Vpton.  
Malverne chase, Vpton.  
Malverne little, Vpton.  
Malverne great, Vpton.  
Mamble, Dod.  
Martley, Dod.  
Marten hongtree, Wor.  
Mathon, Wor.  
S. michael's in Bedwarden, Wor.  
Mitton, Dod.  
Mitton, Osw.  
Moor, Osw.  
More, Dod.  
Moreton, Osw.  
Castle Morton, Vpton.  
Birch Morton, Vpton.  
Morton abbats, Black.  
Mousley, Wor.  
Mitton, Half.    


N  
Naunton beaucham, Parsh.  
Netherton, Osw.  
Newbold, Osw.  
Newland, Wor.  
Northfeild, Half.  
Northwicke, Osw.  
Northwood, Dod.  
Norton, Black.  
Norton, Osw.  
Norton wood, Wor.    


O  
Odingley, Wor.  
Offenton, Black.  
Oldswinford, Half.  
Ombersley, Wor.  
Orlton, Dod.  
Overbury, Osw.  
Overburgh, Osw.  
Overley, Dod.  
Overton, Osw.  
Overton, Half.    


P  
PARSHOR S▪ CRUCE, Parsh.  
Parshor Saint Andrew, Parsh.  
Paxford, Osw.  
Pedmore, Half.  
Pendock, Vpton.  
Pensham, Parsh.  
Pepoleton, Parsh.  
S. Peter, Half.  
Pidle, Osw.  
Pidle north, Parsh.  
Pindsen, Parsh.  
Pirton, Parsh.  
Poicke, Wor.  
Poole, Vpton.    


Q  
Queen hill, Vpton.    


R  
Rea Flu.  
Reddiche tarbig, Half.  
Redston passage, Dod.  
Roche, Dod.  
Russhock, Half.  
russel's, Half.  
Rybbesford, Dod.  
Rydmerley, Vpton.  
Rydmerley Oliphers, Dod.  
Rydmerley adam's, Dod.  
Rypple, Vpton.    


S  
Salwarpe, Half.  
Salwarpe Flu.  
Sedgebarrow, Osw.  
Severne Flu.  
Shraley, Dod.  
Shelsey Kings, Dod.  
Shelsey beaucham, Dod.  
SHIPTON upon STOWER, Osw.  
Sneade, Dod.  
Speachley, Wor.  
Stanford, Dod.  
Staunton, Vpton.  
Stildon, Dod.  
Stock, Osw.  
Stokton, Dod.  
Stoke, Wor.  
Stoke prioris, Wor.  
Stoke Severne, Wor.  
Stome, Half.  
Storton, Dod.  
Stoulton, Wor.  
Strensham, Parsh.  
STURBRIDGE, Half.  
Suckley, Wor.  
Sudbury, Wor.  
Sutton sturmy, Dod.    


T  
Tardbick, Half.  
Tenbury, Dod.  
Tichnell, Dod.  
Tidmington, Osw.  
Throckmorton, Osw.  
Tottenham, Wor.  
Tredington home, Osw.  
Tybberton, Wor.    


V  
Vffenham, Black.  
Vpton warren, Half.  
Vpton snodesburie, Parsh.  
VPTON upon SEVERNE, Vpton.    


W  
Walcot, Parsh.  
Wallashull, Parsh.  
Wandon, Wor.  
Wareley, Half.  
Warrenton, Wor.  
Washbornes, Osw.  
Welland, Vpton.  
Whitborne, Wor.  
Whitlady aston, Wor.  
Whittington, Wor.  
Wichbold, Half.  
Wichenford, Wor.  
Wicke, Parsh.  
Wicke, Wor.  
Wickansord, Black.  
Widverton, Wor.  
Wire forest, Dod.  
Wier, Osw.  
Witeley great, Dod.  
Witeley little, Wor.  
Withon Chapel, Wor.  
Wolbarrowe, Wor.  
Wolkershill, Osw.  
Woluley, Wor.  
North Wood, Dod.  
Woodberry hill, Dod.  
WORCESTER, Wor.    


Y  
Yardley, Wor.      

WARWICKESHIRE (so called from her Shire-towne) is bounded upon the North with the County of Stafford; 
The bounds of Warwickshire.  upon the East, with Watling-street-way is parted from Leicester-shire, and the rest bordered upon by North-hampton-shire: the South part is butted by Oxford and Glocestershires; and all her West with the County of Worcester.  

The form of the Shire.  (2) The form thereof is not much unlike to a Scallop-shell, growing from her Western-head, and spreading her body wider, with many indents. The length thereof from Newton in the North, 
The Length.  to Long Compton in the South, are miles thirty and three: and the broadest part of this Shire, is from Hewell grange in the West, unto Hill-morton in the East, distant asunder twenty-five miles; the whole in circumference, about one hundred thirty and five.  

The Air.  (3) This Shire is sited near unto the heart of all England, & therefore participates with her in the best both for air and soil, wanting nothing for profit or pleasure for man. The South part from Avon (that runneth thorough the midst of this County) is called the Feldon, 
The Feldon.  as more champion and tractable to be stirred for corn, which yearly yieldeth such plentiful harvest, that the husbandman smileth in beholding his pains, & the medowing pastures with their green mantles, so embroidered with flowers, that from Edg-hil we may behold another Eden, 
Gen. 12.10. The Woodland.  as Lot did the Plain of jordan, before that Sodom fell. The Woodland lieth upon the North of Avon, so called in regard of the plenty of Woods; which now are much thinner by the making of Iron, & the soil more churlish to yield to the Plough.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient people that possessed this Province, are by Ptolemies description called the Cornavii, wherein after were seated the Mercian Saxons, a part of whose Kingdom it was, & greatly sought after by the West Saxons, whose King Cuthred about the year of Christ Jesus 749. in battle slew Ethelbald at Seckington near unto Tamworth. 
The Battles.  And not far from thence King Edward 4. as unfortunately sought against that stout make-king, Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick: near unto which, upon Blacklow hill, Pierce Gaveston (that proud and new raised Earl of Cornwall) was beheaded by Guy Earl of Warwick assisted with the Earls of Lancaster and Hereford. And surely, by the testimony of john Rosse and others, this County hath been better replenished with people; who maketh complaint of whole townships depopulations, altogether laid waste by a puissant Army of feeding sheep.  
(5) Notwithstanding, many fair Towns it hath, and some of them matchable to the most of England. The chief thereof is Coventree, a City both stately for building, and walled for defence: whose Citizens having highly offended their first Lord Leofricke, had their privileges infringed, & themselves oppressed with many heavy tributes; whose wife Lady Godiva pitying their estates, uncessantly sued for their peace, and that with such importunacy, as hardly could be said whether was greater, his hatred, or her love: at last overcome with her continual intercessions, he granted her suit, upon an uncivil, and (as he thought) an unacceptable condition, which was, that she should ride naked thorough the face of the City, and that openly at high noonday. This notwithstanding she thankfully accepted, & performed the act accordingly enjoined: for this Lady Godiva stripping herself of all rich attire, let lose the tresses of her fair hair, which on every side so covered her nakedness, that no part of her body was uncivil to sight, whereby she redeemed their former freedoms, and remission of such heavy tributes. Whose memory I wish may remain honourable in that City for ever, & her pity followed by such possessing Ladies. This City had grant to choose their yearly Magistrates, a Mayor & two Bailiffs, and to build about and embattle a wall, by K. Edward 3. whom Henry 6. corporated a County of itself, & changed the names of their Bailiffs unto Sheriffs: and the walls than were built as they now stand; thorough which open 13. gates for entrance, besides 18. other Towers thereon for defence. At Gofford gate in the East hangeth the shield-bone of a 
* Or rather of an Elephant, being not so little as a yard in length.  wild Boar, far bigger than the greatest Oxebone: with whose snout the great pit called Swanswel was turned up, and was slain by the famous Guy, if we will believe report.  
(6) Next unto this City in account & commerce, is Warwick, upon the Northwest bank of Avon, built by Gurgunstus the son of Beline, as john Rosse, Monk of the place, saith, 375. years before the birth of Christ: by Ninius called Caer-Guaruic and Caerleon; by the Saxons, Warryng-wyc; and by learned Cambden judged to be PRAESIDIUM, the Roman Garrisons Town. The situation of this place is most pleasant, upon a hill rising from the River, over which is a strong and fair Stone-bridge, and her sharp stream upon the Town side checked with a most sumptuous and stately Castle, the decays whereof, with great cost and curious buildings, the right worthy Knight Sir Foulke Grivel (in whose person shineth all true virtue and high nobility) hath repaired: whose merits to me-ward I do acknowledge, in setting this hand free from the daily employments of a manual trade, and giving it full liberty thus to express the inclination of my mind, himself being the Procurer of my present estate.  
It seemeth this Town hath been walled about, as appeareth by the Trench in some places seen, and two very fair gates whose passages are hewed out of the Rock, as all other into the Town are: over whom two beautiful Chapels are built; that towards the East called S. Peter's, and that on the South-west, S. james.  
Two fair Churches are therein seated, called S. mary's, and S. Nicholas: but these in, and about the Town suppressed, S. Laurence, S. michael's, john Baptist, and john of jerusalem, beside the Nunnery in the North of the Town: whose North-Pole is elevated in Latitude 52. degrees, 45. minutes, and is seated from the first point in the west of Longitude, 18. degrees and 45. minutes, being yearly governed by a Bailiff, twelve Brethren, twenty-foure Bugesses for Common Counsel, a Rocorder, a Town-clerke, and one Sergeant their Attendant.  
(7) Places of most memorable note observed in this Shire, are Shugbury, where the precious stone Astroites is found: Of-Church, which was the Palace of great Off a the Mercian, and the buriall-place of S. Fremund his son: Chesterton, where the famous Fosse-way is seen. At Leamington, so far from the Sea, a Spring of Salt-water boileth up: and at Newenham Regis most sovereign water against the Stone, Green wounds, Ulcers, and Impostumes, and drunk with Salt looseth, but with Sugar bindeth the body: and turneth wood into stone, as myself saw by many sticks that therein were fallen, some part of them Ash, and some part of them Stone: and guy-cliff, where the famous Earl Guy, after many painful exploits achieved, retired, and unknown, led an Hermit's life, 
john Rosse.  and was lastly there buried.  
(8) The chiefest commodities in this County growing, are corn, whereof the Red-horse Vale yieldeth most abundantly; wools in great plenty; woods and iron, though the producer of the one will be the destuction of the other. Such honourable Families as have been dignified with the Earldom of this Shire-townes name since the Normans Conquest, in the Map itself are inserted, and by their several names expressed.  
This County is strengthened with eight strong Castles, traded with fifteen Market-towns, enriched with many fair buildings, and by the devotion of many Nobles, had many foundations of religious Monasteries therein laid. The chief were at Stoneley, Warwick, Thellisford, Roxhall, Balshall, Killingworth, Coventree, Combe, Nun-eaton, Asley, Atherston, & Pollesworth; all which came to their period in the reign of King Henry 8. when their rich Revenues were alienated to his use, and those stately buildings either overturned or bestowed upon his Courtiers: but yet to God's glory, and his divine service, one hundred fifty eight Parish-Churches therein remain, dispersedly seated in the five Hundreds of this Shires division.   map of Warwickshire 
THE COUNTI OF WARWICK THE SHIRE TOWN AND CITY OF COVENTRE described  


HUNDREDS in Warwickshire.  
1. HEmlingford.  
2. Coventree.  
3. Knightlow.  
4. Barlichwaye.  
5. Kington.   


A  
Alne Lodge, Barlich.  
Amington, Heml.  
Alesley, Heml.  
Anchor Flu.  
Anstie, Covent.  
Ardbury, Hem.  
Areley, King.  
Arrow, Bar.  
Ashborne, King.  
Ashoe, Knight.  
Ashow, Knight.  
Ashton Cantlow, Bar.  
Astley, Knight.  
Atherston, Hem.  
Attleburrow, Hem.  
AULCESTER, Ba.  
Aulston, Bar.  
Austre, Hem.  
Auntley, Hem.  
Avon Flu.  
Awsley, Knight.    


B  
Badgesley Enesot, Hem.  
Badgesley Clinton, Hem.  
Bagginton, Knight.  
Baliall, Hem.  
Barceston, King.  
Barford, King.  
Barkswell, Hem.  
Barmington, King.  
Barnacle, Knight.  
Barterley, Hem.  
Barston, Hem.  
Barton on the Heath, King.  
Basset's Cross, Hem.  
Bastet, Hem.  
Beauchams Courts Bar.  
Bearlye, Bar.  
Bedworth, Knight.  
Bensford Bridge, Knig.  
Bentley, Hem.  
Bewinton, Bar.  
Bewsall, Bar.  
Bickenhull, Hem.  
Bilsley, Bar.  
Bilton, Knight.  
Binley, Knight.  
Birminghams', Hem.  
Birminghams' Aston, Hem.  
Bishopton, Bar.  
BITFORD, Bar.  
Blithe Flu.  
Bolehall, Hem.  
Boreton upon Dunsmore, Knight.  
Bourne Flu.  
Bramcote, Hem.  
Brandon, Knight.  
Brannot, Knight.  
Brayles, King.  
Bretford, Knight.  
Brettshall, Hem.  
Bridgton, Bar.  
Brincklowe, Knight.  
Brome, Bar.  
Bromwich Castle, Hem.  
Brownsover, Knight.  
Bubnell, Knight.  
Budbrooke, Bar.  
Bulkinton, Knight.  
Burdingbury, Knight.  
Burnesebrome, Bar.  
Burton Hastings, Knigh.  
Old Bury, Hem.  
Bynton, Bar.    


C  
Calendon, Covent.  
Canston hill, Knight.  
Canwall, Hem.  
Caresly, Covent.  
Caton Bridge, Hem.  
Cawcot, Hem.  
Chadshunt, King.  
Charlecott, King.  
Chase, Knight.  
Cherington, King.  
Chesterton, King.  
Chester over, Knight.  
Chilvers Cotten, Hem.  
Church over, Knight.  
Church Lawford, Knight.  
Cardon, Bar.  
Cliff, Hem.  
Clifton, Knight.  
Clopton, Bar.  
Clowdiesley Bush, Knight.  
Cobley, Bar.  
Cofeld Waste, Hem.  
Comb Abbey, Knight.  
Combroke, King.  
Compton long, King.  
Compton in the hole, King.  
Colesnul, Hem.  
Compton Fenny, King.  
Compton Mardock, King.  
Copston, Knight.  
Corley, Hem.  
Cosford, Knight.  
Coton, Hem.  
Coughton, Bar.  
Counden, Knight.  
COVENTREE, Cou.  
Cubbington, Knight.  
Curdworth, Hem.    


D  
Dasset Avon, King.  
Dasset Burton, King.  
Dastell, Hem.  
Dracot, Knight.  
Drayton, Bar.  
Dudson Park, Hem.  
Dudson Hall, Hem.  
Dunchurch, Knight.  
Dunnington, Par.  
Dunsmere Heath, Knig.  
Dutton, Hem.    


E  
Eatington nether, King.  
Eatington over. King.  
Etteleshall, Covent.  
Edgebaston, Hem.  
Edmondscot, Knight.  
Edson, Bar.  
Elinedon, Hem.  
Escote, Hem.  
Esenhull, Knight.  
Ethorpe, Knight.  
Exall, Bar.  
Exall, Covent.    


F  
Farnebrowe, King.  
Faseley, Hem.  
Fillongley, Hem.  
Flanders, Hem.  
Fleckno, Knight.  
Fletchamsted, Hem.  
Fokeshill, Covent.  
Fordhall, Bar.  
Foxcott, King.  
Francton, Knight.  
Freasley, Hem.    


G  
Geydon, King.  
Glascote, hem.  
Goldscots' Park, King.  
Goodrest Lodge, Knight.  
Grafton Temple, Bar.  
Granborow, Knight.  
Graves, hem.  
Grimdon, hem.  
Grove, bar.  
Guilsdon, hem.  
guy-cliff, King.    


H  
Hallaton, hem.  
Halford, King.  
Hallend, hem.  
Hampton in Arden, hem.  
Hampton Lacye, bar.  
Hampton Bishops, bar.  
Hampton Curlew, bar.  
Harberhury, Knight.  
Harborow great, Knigh.  
Hartshill, hem.  
Harwicke prior's, King.  
Haseley, barl.  
Hasseller, barl.  
Hatton, barl.  
Hawford, King.  
HENLY in Arden, barl.  
Henwood, hem.  
Hewell Grange, barl.  
High Cross, Knight.  
Hill, hem.  
Hill, Knight.  
Hillmorton, Knight.  
Hodnell, Knight.  
Holt, hem.  
Honington, King.  
Honyngham, Knight.  
Hopsford, Knight.  
Horeston, hem.  
Hunnyley, barl.  
Hurley, hem.    


I  
Idlicott, King.  
Ilmington, king.  
Ipsley, barl.  
Itchington long, knight.  
Itchington Bishops, knight.    


K  
KENELWORTH, Kn.  
Kenelworth Duchy Castle, king.  
Kerby Monks, knight.  
KINETON, king.  
Knightcote, King.  
Kingsbury, Helm.  
Kingsbrome, Bar.  
Kingshurst, Hem.  
Kingswood, Hem.  
Knowle, Hem.  
Kynnerton, Bar.    


L  
Ladbrocke, knight.  
Langley, Barl.  
Langdon hall, Hem.  
Langley, Hem.  
Lapworth, king.  
Church Lawford, Knight.  
Lawford long, knight.  
Lea, Hem.  
Leame Flu.  
Leek wotton, knight.  
Lemington prior's, knight.  
Lemington hasting, knight.  
Lighthorne, King.  
Littington, knight.  
Loxley, Barl.  
Luddington, Barl.    


M  
Makestoke Castle, Hem.  
Maney, Hem.  
Manner, Hem.  
Manceter, Hem.  
Matchife, Barl.  
Marson Culy, Hem.  
Marson Inbett, knight.  
Marson Burton, knight.  
Marson Priors, king.  
Marson Buttles, king.  
Marton, knight.  
Maxstock, Hem.  
Merevale, Hem.  
Meriden, Hem.  
Milverton, knight.  
Minworth, Hem.  
Mollinton, king.  
Morehall, Hem.  
Morehall, Barl.  
Morton Meriall, king.  
Morton Baggot, Barl.  
Moxhall, Hem.  
Mulcote Abbey, Hem.  
Myddleton, Hem.  
Mylcotte, Barl.    


N  
Napton on the Mount, king.  
Newbold, king.  
Newbold upon Avon, king.  
New-hall, Hem.  
New-inn, Hem.  
Newenham, knight.  
Newenham Kings, knight.  
Newton, Hem.  
Newton, knight.  
Northend, king.  
Norton Curlew, Barl.  
Norton Lynsey, Barl.  
Nun-eaton, Hem.  
Nuthurst, king.    


O  
Of-church, knight.  
Water Orton, Hem.  
Ouldbarrow belonging to Worcestershire. Bar.  
Oulnall, Barl.  
Oxhill, king.    


P  
Packington great, Hem.  
Packington little, Hem.  
Packwood, King.  
Pailton, knight.  
Park hall, Hem.  
Pillerton nether, king.  
Pillerton over, king.  
Pinley Grove, Barl.  
Preston Bagott, Barl.  
Princethorp, knight.  
Pollesworth, Hem.  
Poolley, Hem.    


Q  
Queen's Park, Heml.    


R  
Radford Semeley, knight.  
Radford, Covent.  
Radway, king.  
Ragley, Bar.  
Ratley, kingt.  
Ridfen, hem.  
Riton, knight.  
Rowington, Barl.  
Rownd Alne, Barl.  
Roxall, Barl.  
RUGBY, knight.    


S  
Salford Abbots, Barl.  
Salford Priors, Barl.  
Samborne, Barl.  
Seckington, hem.  
Sherburne Flu.  
Sherburn, Barl.  
Sherford, knight.  
Sheldon, hem.  
Shilton, knight.  
Shystoke, hem.  
Shotswell, kingt.  
Shrowley, Barl.  
Shuckborow nether, King.  
Shuckborough upper. king.  
Shuttington, hem.  
Skiltes, Bar.  
Snytterfeild, Bar.  
Spernall, Barl.  
Solihul, hem.  
Sow, knight.  
Sow, Covent.  
Sow Flu.  
SOWTHAM, king.  
Stivechall, Covent.  
Stockingford, hem.  
Stockton, knight.  
Stoke, Covent.  
Stoneley, knight.  
Stoneley Abbey, knight.  
Stratford old, Barl.  
Stratford upon Avon, Bar.  
Stretton, knight.  
Stretton, king.  
Stretton under Fosse, knight.  
Studlyffe, Barl.  
SUTTON COFELD, Hem.    


T  
Tachbroke Mallery, knight.  
Tachbroke Bishops, king.  
Tame Flu.  
Tamworth, hem.  
Tamworth, king.  
Temple Grafton, Bar.  
Thurlaston, Knight.  
Tiddington, Barl.  
Tost, knight.  
Tuttwell, Barl.  
Tysoe, king.    


V  
Vfton, knight.  
Vmbersley, king.  
Vpton, king.    


W  
Walton, king.  
Wapenbury, knight.  
Wardend, hem.  
Warmeley, hem.  
Warmington, king.  
WARWICK, king.  
Wasperton, king.  
Wawins' Wotton, Barl.  
Weddington, hem.  
Wedgenocle Park, knight.  
Weethley, Bar.  
Weslborne Montford, king.  
Welsborne hasting, king.  
Weston in Arden, knight.  
Weston in the thistles, king.  
Weston under Wetherley, king.  
Wethirbroke, knight.  
Whatly, hem.  
Whatcott, king.  
Whetacre nether, hem.  
Whetacre over, hem.  
Whitchurch, king.  
Whitley, knight.  
Whitmore parks, Covent.  
Whitmash, knight.  
Whittington, hem.  
Wibtost, knight.  
Wickelssord, Bar.  
Wigginshill, hem.  
Willey, knight.  
Willenhall, knight.  
Willincote, hem.  
Willowbye, knight.  
Winderton, king.  
Wishaw, hem.  
Witchford, king.  
Witherley, hem.  
Withibroke, knight.  
Witton, hem.  
Wolhamcott, knight.  
Wolford, king.  
Wolvershill, knight.  
Wolverton, Bar.  
Wolvey, knight.  
Woodlaw, knight.  
Wormleighton, king.  
Wulfencote, knight.  
Wulston, knight.  
Wy●en, Covent.    


Y  
Yarnton Hall, Heml.      

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE situated near unto the midst of England, by the Saxons was written Norþafendonscire, lieth separated upon the North from Lincolne-shire by the River Weland; 
The name of Northamptonshire.  from Huntington-shire on the East is parted by the water Nene: her South is bounded with Buckingham and Oxford-shires, and the West from Warwick with Watling-street-way, Avon and Weland, is divided from Leicester shire.  

The form.  (2) The form of this County is large and narrow, broadest in the South-west; and thence shooting still lesser like unto a Horn, nor not much unlike to the form of Cornwall: 
The length.  and from the entrance of Cherwell into this shire, unto the fall of Weland and Nene near unto Crowland, are by measure forty six miles; and the broadest part is from Ouse unto Avon, 
The breadth. The circumference.  which is not fully twenty: the whole in circumference one hundred and nineteen miles.  
(3) The air is good, temperate, and healthful: the soil is champion, rich, and fruitful, and so plenteously peopled, that from some Ascents, thirty Parish Churches, and many more Windmills at one view may be seen: notwithstanding the simple and gentle sheep, of all creatures the most harmless, are now become so ravenous, that they begin to devour men, waste fields, and depopulate houses, if not whole Town ships, 
Sir Tho. Moor's ●topia.  as one merrily hath written.  
(4) The ancient people known to the Romans, and recorded by Ptolemy, were the Coritani, who possessed this County, and were branched further thorough Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham, Rutland, and Darb●e-shires: these joining with the Icenians, with them were fettered with the chains of subjection when for Claudius, 
Tacit. Annal. lib. 12. cap. 8.  Publius Ostorius Scapula entered his Lieutenantship in Britain, and in battle subdued all betwixt the Rivers Nene and Sabrina. But when the Romans were content to let go that which so long was desired, and had cost so much in the getting, the Saxons, a most warlike Nation, put into these parts, and made it a portion of their Mercian Kingdom: but their government also grown out of date, the Normans seated themselves in these fair possessions, the branches of whose Stems are spread abroad in these parts, most fruitful and fair.  

The Commodities of it.  (5) Commodities arising in this Shire, are chiefly gotten by tillage and plough, whereby corn so plentifully aboundeth, that in no other County is found more, or so much: the pastures and woods are filled with Cattle, and every where sheep loaden with their fleeces of wool.  

Northampton the chief Town.  (6) The chief Town in this Shire is Northampton, whereof the County taketh name, which for circuit, beauty, and building, may be ranked with the most of the Cities of our Land. It is seated at the meeting and confluence of two Rivers, the greater whereof beareth to name Nen. This Town hath been built all of Stone, as by many foundations remaining to this day is seen, and is walled about both strong and high, excepting the West, which is defended by a River parted into many streams. In the depredations of the Danes, 
Hen. Huntingd.  Suen their King set this Town on fire, and afterwards it was sorely assaulted by the disobedient Barons of King john, 
King john.  who named themselves The Army of God: but the loyalty of this Town stood nothing so sure unto King Henry his son, whence the Barons with displayed Banners sounded the Battle against their Sovereign. And yet after this a woeful field of England's civil division was fought, whence Richard Nevel the stout Earl of Warwick, led away prisoner that unfortunate man King Henry the sixth. 
King Henry the sixth. Ann. 1460.  Upon the West part of this Town standeth a large Castle, mounted upon an hill, whose aged countenance well showeth the beauty that she hath borne, and whose gaping chinks do daily threaten the downfall of her walls. To this upon the South the Towns wall adjoineth, and in a rowed circuit meeteth the River in the North, extending in compass two thousand one hundred and twenty pases: whose site so pleased the Students of Cambridge, 
A.D. 1261.  that hither they removed themselves upon the King's Warrant, in mind to have made it an University: from whence the North-Pole is elevated 52. degrees, 36. scruples for Latitude, and in Longitude is removed from the West 19 degrees and 40. scruples; being yearly governed by a Mayor, two Bailiffs, 12. Magistrates, a Recorder, Town-clerk, a Common-council of forty eight Burgesses, with five Sergeants to execute business.  
(7) But the devotions of the Saxon Kings made Peterborow more famous, 
Peterborow.  formerly called Meddeswell, where Wolphere King of Mercia began a most stately Monastery to the honour of S. Peter, 
An D. 546.  for satisfaction of the blood of his two sons, whom he had murdered in case of Christianity: but himself being for the like made away by his mother, his brother Penda continued the work, with the assistance of his brother Ethelred, and two sisters Kineburga and Kineswith. This among the Danish Desolations was cast down, yet was it again restored to greater beauty by Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester, with the help of King Edgar, and of Adulph his Chancellor, who upon prick of conscience, that in bed with his wife had over-laid and smothered an infant their only son, laid all his wealth upon the re-edifying of the place, 
An. D. 960.  and then became Abbot thereof himself. The Cathedral is most beautiful and magnifical, where in the Choir lie interred two unfortunate Queens: on the North side Katherine Dowager of Spain, 
Katherine Dowager of Spain.  the repudiate wife of King Henry the eight, under an Hearse covered with black Say, having a white Cross in the midst: and on the South side, 
Queen Mary.  Marry Queen of Scotland, whose Hearse is spread over with black velvet. The Cloister is large, and in the glasse-windows very curiously portrayed the History of Wolthere the Founder, whose Royal Seat was at Wedon in the street converted into a Monastery by S. Werburg his holy daughter, and had been the Roman Station, by Antonine the Emperor called Bannavenna. So likewise Norman-chester was the ancient City Durobrivae, where their Soldiers kept, as by the moneys there daily found is most apparent.  
(8) Houses of Religion devoted to God's Service by the pious intents of their well-meaning Founders, 
Religious Houses.  were at Peterborow, Peakirke, Pipewell, Higham, Davintree, Sulby, Sausecombe, Sewardesleg, Gare, S. Dewy S. Michael, Luffeild, Catesby, Bruch, Barkley, Finished, Fathringhay, Wedon, and Withrop, besides them in Northampton, all which felt the storms of their own destruction that raged against them in the reign of K. Henry the eight, who dispersed their revenues to his own Coffers and Courtiers, and pulled the stones asunder of their seeming ever-sure Foundations; and in the time of young Edward, 
King Edward the sixth.  his son, whose mind was free from wronging the dead, the Tombs of his own Predecessors were not spared, when as Edward slain at Agincourt, 
Edward. Richard.  and Richard at Wakefield, both of them Dukes of York, were after death assaulted with the weapons of destruction, that cast down their most fair Monuments in the Collegiate Church of Fatheringhay Castle.  
(9) Eight Princely Families have enjoyed the title of the Earldom of Northampton, whereof the last, Henry Hayward late Lord Privy Seal, a most honourable Patron to all learned proceedings (that I may acknowledge my dutiful and humble service) hath most honourably assisted and set forward these my endeavours. 


Castles.  
1. Maxey.  
2. Fothringhay.  
3. B●rnwels.  
4. Rockingham.  
5. Goddington.  
6. Brabroke.  
7. Heigham.  
8. Northampton.  
9 Benifeild.  
10 Alderingham.   
Market towns;    
(10) This Shires division, for service to the Crown, and employments of business, is into twenty Hundreds, hath been strengthened with ten Castles, and is still traded with ten Market-towns, and God honoured in three hundred twenty six Parish Churches.   map of Northamptonshire 
NORTHAMPTON SHIRE  


HUNDREDS in Northamptonshire.  
1. NAssaburgh.  
2. Willibrook.  
3. Corby.  
4. Polbrook.  
5. Navisford.  
6. Huxloe.  
7. Rothewell.  
8. Guilesburrowe.  
9 Orlington.  
10. Fansley.  
11. Newbottlegrove.  
12. Spelhoe.  
13. Hamfordshoe.  
14. Highamferyes.  
15. Wymersley.  
16. Towcester.  
17. Warden.  
18. Norton,  
19 Cleley.  
20. Sutton.   


A  
Abbington, Spel.  
Ac●urch, Navisford.  
Addington great, Hux.  
Addington little. Hux.  
Adston, Norton.  
Adthorpe Tow.  
Aldrington, Cle.  
Althorpe, New.  
Apethorpe, Willi.  
Archester, High.  
Ardingworth● Roth.  
Armelton, Polb.  
Artleboro, Hux.  
Ashbie cold, Guil.  
Ashbie cannones, Nort.  
Ashbie Leyors, Faust.  
Ashbie Oneeres, Ham.  
Ashlie, Cor.  
Ashton, Cle.  
Ashton, Pol.  
Ashton, Nass.  
Ashton, War.  
Ashtree, War.  
Aslael, Sut.  
Aubery hill, Fausl.  
Avon-well, Roth.  
Ayner, Sut.    


B  
Badby, Faus.  
Baddington, Nass.  
Badston, Sut.  
Barbie, Faus.  
Barnack, Nass.  
Barnwell S. Andrew's, Pol.  
Barton, Ham.  
Barton Segrave, Hux.  
Basset Sutton, Cor.  
Baynton, Nas.  
Beckie weedon, Faus.  
Benifeld, Pol.  
Billing great, Spel.  
Billing little, Spel.  
Bladerwick, Cor.  
Blakesley, Nor.  
Blysworth, Wym.  
Boddingtones, War.  
Botheresthorpe, Wym.  
Boughton, Hux.  
Bowden little, Roth.  
Boziet, High.  
Barbrooke, Roth.  
BRACKLEY, Sut.  
Braddyn, Nort.  
Brampton, Cor.  
Bramptones, New.  
Bramston, Faus.  
Braynfeild, Wym.  
Bringtones, New.  
Brixtoke, Cor.  
Brixworth Orl.  
Brockhold, New.  
Bromfeild, High.  
Broughton, Orl.  
Buckby long, Guil.  
Buckton, Sp●l.  
Bugbroke, New.  
Bullwick, Cor.  
Burecote, Tow.  
Burghley, Nas.  
Burnewell Al-saints, Hux.  
Buton Lattmer, Hux.  
Byfeild, War.    


C  
Caldecon, High.  
Caldecote, Tow.  
Capes preston, Faus.  
Carleton, Cor.  
Castle Ashbie, Wym.  
Castor, Nas.  
Catesby, Faus.  
Chalcombe, Sut.  
Charleton, Sut.  
Charwell Flu.  
Charwelton, Faus.  
Chelveston, High.  
Cheney middleton, Sut.  
Chipping Warden▪ War.  
Clapton, Nau.  
Claylaton, Guil.  
cliff park, Wil  
Clipstonn, Roth.  
Cognihey, Wym.  
Collingtree, Wym.  
Colliweston, Wil  
Corby, Cor.  
Coughton, Sut.  
Cosgrave, Cle.  
Costhorpe, Nas.  
Cottesbrooke, Guil.  
Cottestocke, Wil  
Cottingham, Cor.  
Cotton end, Wym.  
Courten hall, Wym.  
Cranford, Hux.  
Craneseley, Orl.  
Creton, Guil.  
Cricke, Guil.  
Croughton, Sut.  
Culworth, Sut.    


D  
Daddington, Ham,  
Dallington, New.  
Danes more, Wa●.  
DAVINTREE▪ Faus.  
Dene, Cor.  
Denethorpe, Cor.  
Denford, Hux.  
Denshanger, Cle.  
Deping east, Nas.  
Desborowe, Roth.  
Deynton, Wym.  
Dingely, Cor.  
Dodferd, Faus.  
Dodington, Wil  
Dowbridge, Guild.  
Draughton, Roth.  
Dunston, New.    


E  
Eastfeild, Nas.  
Easton, Wil  
Easton maudall, High.  
Eton, Spel.  
Ecton, High.  
Edgecote, War.  
Elton, Wil  
Emington, Pol.  
Eston, Cle.  
Etton, Nas.  
Evenlie, Sut.  
Everdons, Faus.  
Eya, Nas.  
Eydon, War.  
Eylesworth, Nas.    


F  
Farnedon, Roth.  
Fanesley, Faus.  
Farthingston, Faus.  
Favill weston, Spel.  
Faxton, Orl.  
Femingho, Sut.  
Fine, New.  
Finshedd, Cor.  
Flackleton, Wym.  
Flower, New.  
Fortherninghay, Wil  
Fortherninghay park, W.  
Further, Cle.  
Fynford, Sut.    


G  
Gayton, Tow.  
Geddington, Cor.  
Glapthorne, Wil  
Glinton, Nas.  
Grafton underwood, Hux.  
Grafton Regis, Cle.  
Greves norton, Nort.  
Gretton, Cor.  
Gryndon, Wym.  
Grymscott, ●ow.  
Grytworth, War.  
Gulbries' yardley, Cle.  
Guilesborowe, Guil.  
Gunthorpe, Nas.    


H  
Haddon East, New.  
Haddon West, Guil.  
Hanging Houghton, Orling.  
Hardingston, Wym.  
Hardwick, Orling.  
Hardwyll, Cle.  
Hargrave, High.  
Harington, Roth.  
Haringworth, Cor.  
Harleston, New.  
Harpole, New.  
Harrendon great, Orling.  
Harrendon little Orling.  
Hastings yordley, Wym.  
Hasseboche, Roth.  
Havington, Orling.  
Hellinden, Faus.  
Helmedon, Sut.  
Hemmyngton, Pol.  
Helpeston, Nas.  
Hetherwest, Cle.  
Heryfords, New.  
Higham cold, Tow.  
HIGHAM FERYES, H.  
Hisham, Orling.  
Holdenby, New.  
Holcott, Ham.  
Hoothorpe, Roth.  
Houghton great, Wym.  
Houghton little, Wym.  
Horton, Wym.  
Hulcot, Cle.  
Hynton, Sut.    


I  
S. James, New.  
Imley, Sut.  
Irlingborough, Hux.  
Islippe, Hux.    


K  
Kellemarshe Roth.  
KETTER, Hux.  
Killingburye, New.  
Kings, Sut.  
Kingestorpe, Spel.  
Kingscliff, Wil  
Kirkby, Cor.  
Killesbies', Faust.    


L  
Langport, Orling.  
Laxston, Cor.  
Lillford, Hux.  
Lillingston Lovel, Cle.  
Loddington, Roth.  
Longthorpe, Nas.  
Lubnam Thorpe, Roth.  
Luddington, Pol.  
Luffwick, Hux.  
Lutton, W●l.  
Lyfden, Navis.  
Lyfeild, Navis.  
Lylborne, Guil.  
Lytchbarrow, Faust.    


M  
Maidwell, Roth.  
Maiser Thorpe, Roth.  
Mandevill Thorpe, Sut.  
Marham, Nas.  
Marston Laurenes, Sut.  
Marston Trussell, Roth.  
Maxey Castle, Nas.  
Maydford, Nort.  
Middleton Cheney, Sut.  
Middleton, Cor.  
Moulton, Spel.  
Morton Pynchney, Nort.  
Mylton, Wym.  
Mylton, Nas.    


N  
Nasebye, Guil.  
Nassington, Wil  
Nerboro, Nas.  
Newarke, Nas.  
Newbottle, New.  
Newbottle, Sut.  
Newnham, Fausl.  
Newton, High.  
Newton, Cor.  
Newton wood, Wil  
NORTHAMPTON, N.  
Norburghe, Nas.  
Norton, Fausl.  
Nine, Flu.    


O  
Ocley great, Cor.  
Ocley little, Cor.  
Oldwincle, Hux.  
Orlingburie, Orl.  
Only, Fausl.  
Orton, Roth.  
Overcote, Fausl.  
Overton, Spel.  
OUNDLE, Pol.  
Oxenden great, Roth.  
Oxney, Nas.    


P  
Pantlerspurie, Cle.  
Passengham, Cle.  
Paston, Nas.  
Patteshall, Tow.  
Peakirke, Nas.  
PETERBURGH, Nas.  
Pilkton, Navis.  
Pillesgate, Nas.  
Pipwell, Cor.  
Polbrooke, Pol.  
Potterspurie, Cle.  
Preston, Wym.  
Preston Capes, Fausl.  
Pyddington, Wym.  
Pynckney Morton, Nort.  
Pysforde, Spel.  
Pytchley, Orling.    


Q  
Quynton, Wym.    


R  
Radston, Sut.  
Raunsthorpe, Spel.  
Raundes, High.  
Ringsted, High.  
Rockingham, Cor.  
Rockingham forest, Cor.  
Rode, Cle.  
Rothewell, Roth.  
Rusheden, High.  
Rushton, Roth.    


S  
Saucy forest, Wym.  
Scaldwell, Orling.  
Sibbertost, Roth.  
Singlesale Nas.  
Slayton, Nort.  
Slipton, Hux.  
Sowthorpe, Nas.  
Spratton, Spel.  
Stamford, Wil  
Stanford, Guil.  
Stanwick, High.  
Stanyone▪ Cor.  
Staverton, Fausl.  
Steane, Sut.  
Stoke Albony, Cor.  
Stoke Bruerne, Cle.  
Stoke daily, Navis.  
Stowe, Fausl.  
Stuttesburie, Sut.  
Stoyxton, High.  
Sudborow, Hux.  
Sulbye, Guil.  
Sulgrave, War.  
Suly lodge, Nas.  
Suthwicke, Wil  
Sutton, Nas.  
Sutton Basset, Cor.  
Syersan, Sut.  
Sylverton, Nort.  
Sylverton, Cle.  
Sywell, Ham.    


T  
Tansover, Wil  
Thingdon, Hux.  
Thornebie.  
Thornehawe, Nas.  
Thorney mill, Nas.  
Thorpe, Navis.  
Thorpe Lubnam, Roth.  
Thorpe underwood, R.  
THRAPSTON, Navis.  
Thurning, Pol.  
Titchmarsh, Navis.  
Titon, New.  
TOWCESTER, Tow.  
Trafford, War.  
Trussell marston▪ Roth.  
Twywell, Hux.  
Tyffeild, Tow.    


V  
Vfford, Nas.  
Vxton, Nas.  
Vpton, New.    


W  
Waddenhoe, Na●.  
Wakenley, Cor.  
Walgrave, Orl.  
Walmesford, Nas.  
Walton, Nas.  
Walton, Nas.  
Wappenham, Sut.  
Warkton, Hux.  
Warkworth, Sut.  
Warmington, Wil  
Warmington, Pol.  
Watford, Guil.  
Weedon, Nort.  
Weedon beckie, Faus.  
Weekely, Cor.  
Weland Flu.  
Weldon great, Cor.  
Weldon little Cor.  
WELLINGBOROUGH, H.  
Welton, Faus.  
Werington, Nas.  
Weston, Nort.  
Weston, Cor.  
Weston favill, Spel.  
Whilton, New.  
Whiston, Wym.  
Whitfeild, Sut.  
Whitleburye, Nort.  
Whittlewood forest, N.  
Wickiie, Cle.  
Wigesthorpe, Hux.  
Wickins, Cle.  
willbe, Ham.  
Wilbaston, Cor.  
Wilford, Guil.  
Winwicke, Pol.  
Wittering, Nas.  
Wittering heath, Nas.  
Wood newton, Wil  
Woodcroft, Nas.  
Woodend, Nort.  
Woodford, War.  
Woodford, Hux.  
Woollaston, High.  
Wotton, Wym.  
Wowld, Orl.  
Wynwick, Guil.    


Y  
Yardley gubbens, Cle.  
Yardley hasting, Wym.  
Yarwell, Wil  
Yelvertost, Guil.      


Ptolem. Chro. Sax●nica.  Huntingtonshire, of old Hundedunescyre (part of the Iceni under the Roman Monarch of Mercia in the Saxon Heptarchy) is severed with Nene, the North-bounder from Northamptonshire, to which it in part adjoineth West, from Bedford and Cambridge, by mearing Towns on the South; and from Ely, by a sense of water East, the work of Nature, Benwicke Stream, or of Art, Canuius De●●h: severed when Alfred, or before him, 
jugulph. Crouland● gist Abbat de Chertsey, Malmes●●● Teg. Alfred. Registrum S. Albam. 12. Hen. 7.17. Flucux.  Ossa shared the open circuit of their Empery into Principalities: that by residency of subordinate rule, Peace at home might be maintained; Foreign offence (by apt assembly of the Inhabitants) resisted; Tax and Revenue of the Crown laid more evenly, and easierly levied; Justice at men's doors with less charge and journey administered: all causes Civil having a right and speedy dispatch, in the County of Earls monthly Court, as Criminal in his Lieutenant the Sheriffs Turn twice a year. In form of a Loseng this Shire lieth, of positure temperate, and is 52. degrees, 4. scruples removed from the A●quator: the Hilly Soil to the Plough man grateful: the Vale, contiguous to the Fens, best for Pasture, in which to no part of England it giveth place: Woods are not much wanted, the Rivers serving Coal, as the Moors Turf, for fuel.  
(2) This Content uva (as the whole Continent) Forrest▪ until Canular gave this Law of grace, Vt quisque tam in agris, quam in silvis excitet agi●●● seras. Long were the hands of Kings to pull (of old) the Subjects right into Regal pleasure, when Perambulation and Proclamation only might make any man's land Forrest. 
Leg. Cama. Sax.  It is in the first Williams time a Phrase in Record not rare, Silva hujus Man●rii FO●●ST EST missa in Silvam Regis, 

Lect. divers. saper Stat. de Foresta. Lib. doomsday.  
Rot. Forest. in 〈◊〉. de Comit. Rutl●nd. 33. Hen. 3.   from which word of power, Forrest may seem not unaptly to be derived. C●● videbat Henricus primus tres Bissas, fitting his Forest of Ly●ield, he caused Husculphus his Ranger to keep them for his Game, as the Record doth testify. Thus did the second of his name, and the first Richard an many parts: well therefore may the Exchequer Book call the Forest Justice for Vert and Venison, not justum absolute, but 〈◊〉 secundum Legem Foresta. That Foresta is defined, Tuta scrarum statio, may seem to confine the Forester's Office only to his Games care, which of ancient was as well over Mineral and Maritimal revenue. 
Ger●●s. Tilb. de n●cess. obs. 〈◊〉. Liber Niger in 〈◊〉 job. 〈◊〉.  The office of Baldwine the great Forester of Flanders, Non agrum tantum spectabat▪ sed & Maris custodiam, saith tilius, out of the old Charters of the French Kings. And see how just this squares to our Legal practice, for of Assarts, Parpresiures, Improvement, Greenh●gh, Herbage, Paunage, Fowls, Mil●, Honey, Mine, Quarries, and 〈◊〉 at Sea, did the ●●nerall Justice of the Forest here inquire. His Subjects of this Shire, 
〈◊〉 Itine. & Foresiae.  Henry the second from servitude of his beasts▪ (whose Grandfather pro feris homin●s 〈◊〉, exha●red●ta●is, matilavit, trucidavit) did pretend by Charter to enfranchise, except Wabridge, 
Histor. jornalensis. Mat. West. Hist.  Staple, Herthy, his own Demaines. But such was the succesie by encroachments, under his two succeeding Sons, that it drew on the oppressed people to importune anew the Sovereign▪ redress, which was by the great Charter of the third Henry fruitlessly effected. His son in the 7. of his reign, by a Perambulation, resuming back the fruit of his father's goodness, 
Dor. ●aus. A. 7. E●. 1.  and so retaining until in his 29. year by Petition, and purchase of his people (for they gave him a full ●●fteene) he confirmed the former Charter, and by Jury, View and Perambulation settled that Boundary of Forest, 

R●t. Car. A. 28. & 29. Ed. primi in arch. Tur. L●nd. Placit. in Bane. Reg. Hil. 33. Eliz.  
Liber Niger in 〈◊〉. 33. Lib. doomsday pro Comita●. Hunt.  
S●ras●am. Reg. M●●●●t. S. Petri de Bargo.  
〈◊〉 in 〈…〉. Epi. 〈◊〉. Domes.  
Ex Heji Elicus. cap. 13. & 42. Et pia. as'st apud. Cant. 14. Ed. 1.  
Ex R 4. in arch. T●r. Lon●. de Ha●●. in 〈◊〉. Hund.  
Ex Regi● Rom. vocat. Dearslether in Sca●●ar. 13. Edw. 3. f. Br●●f. 241.  
Ex lib. rub. in S●●c. & in quo volunt. H. 2.  
Ex lib. Domes. Ex Rot. comp. in Scac. Tacitus de mor●●● Germ. Leg. S. Ed. c 7.19. Leg. H. pri. c. 22.  
Ex Car●. Hen. primi de liberta●ibus.  
Leg H pri. c. 10. Regist. Elieud. 2 Leg. Her. primi Ex Cart. Regis W●ll. primi Remigio Ep. Lincoln.  
Leg. Hen. 1. Gi●al. 〈◊〉 in Simb. Elect.   which contented the people, became the square of universal Justice in this kind, and left in this Shire no more than the three former (his own grounds) Forrest.  
(3) This Shire hath four Centuriata or hundreds, and had of old time five▪ these so called, Q●ia prima institutione ex Hiderum aliquot centenariis composita. These are subdivided into 79. Parishes, whereof five besides the Shire-Town have Markets. These Parishes are measured by Hides, and Carucks, or Plough-lands, more or less, as either richness of So●le, or strength of the Lord strengthened or extended their limits, the Mass in whole containing of the first sort, 〈◊〉. and of the other, 1136. These Hides the ancient and general measure of land (except in Kent) where the account was by Solins; or Lincolnshire, Vbi non sunt Hidae, sed pro Hidis si●● Caruca●ae) were esteemed one hundred Acres, non Norman●●o, sed Angli●● numero una Hida pro sexies viginti A●ris, duo pro duod●●●s viginti, as in the Book of doomsday Caruca the Teame-land (not Carucata, for they be different) was in quantity of Acres, proportioned to the quality of Soil, but usually in this Shire reputed 60. The Virgata, or Yard-land, was a more or less part of the Hide, as the Acres in number varied, which I find in this County from 18. to 42. but for the most part 30. which was the half Ploughland. And the Bovata or Oxgang presumed in law for land in Granary) was suited in number of Acres to that Yard-land, of which it was a moiety. Thus (except in the ●ennes, laid out per Loucas & quarentenas, miles and furlongs) stands all a measurement of land in this Shire, which containeth the Knight's Fees 53. one half, 2. fifts, and a twentieth part. And in full estimation of rent and worth rose in the time of the Conqueror, to 912. l. 4. s. and now payeth in Fifteen to the King, 371. l. 9 s. 7. d. ob. and in tenth from the Clergy, 142. l. 6. s. q.  
(5) This County in decision of Titles, and administration of Justice, did at the first, as the Germans our Ancestors, jura per pago & vi●os reddere; Every Township by their Friburgi, or Teumentall, as Triers, and the Baron, Thain, or Head-lord there, or the Decanus (a good Freeholder) his Deputy, as Judge, determining all civil causes; a representation of this remaineth still in our Court-Leete. Above this, and held 12. times a year, was our Hundred or Wapentake. Quae super decem Decanos et centum Friburgos judicabat. Here the Judges were the Aldermen, and Barons or Freeholders of that Hundred; Acgelwinus Aldermannus tenuit placitum cum toto Hundredo, saith the book of Ely. This Court had Cognoscence of Causes Ecclesiastical, as Temporal, therefore the Judge or Alderman ought to be such as Dei leges et hominum jura stu lebat promo●ere: thus it went although the Conqueror commanded, Ne altquis de legibus Episcopalibus amplius in Hundredo placita teneret. The next and highest in this Shire, was Generale placitum Comitatus (the County or Sheriff's Court) to which were proper Placita Civilia ubi curiae Dominorum pro●antur defecisse. Et si placitum exurgat inter Vavasores duorum Dominorum tractetur in Comi●atu. The Judge was the Earl or Sheriff. The Tryers Barones Comitatus (Freeholders) Qui liberas in eo terras habe●t; not Civil only, but Probate of Wills, Questions of Tithes, Et debita vera Christianitatis jura, were heard, and first heard in this Court. Therefore Episcopus, Presbyter Ecclesiae, & Quatuor de melioribus villae, were adjuncts to the Sheriff, Qui dei leges & secult negotia just a considerations definirent. The Lay part of this liveth in a sort in the County, and Sheriff Turn; the Spiritual about the reign of King Stephen, by Sovereign connivance, suffered for the most into the quarterly Synod of the Clergy, from whence in imitation of the Hundred Court, part was remitted to the Rural Deaneries, of which this Shire had four: And these again have been since swallowed up by a more frequent and superior Jurisdiction, as some of our Civil Courts have been. There being now left in use for the most in this Shire for Causes Criminal, View of Frankpleg, by grant or prescription, A Session of the Peace quarterly, and two Goal deliveries by the Sovereign's commission: and for Civil Causes, Courts of Manors, or of the County monthly, and twice by the judges of Assize yearly.  
The Office of Execution and custody of this County is the Sheralfey, of old inheritable, until Eustachius, who by force and favour of the Conqueror disseised Aluric and his heirs, 
doomsday in sine in come. Hun.  forfeited it to the Crown; but since it hath passed by annual election, and hath united to it the County of Cambridge.  
(5) Having thus far spoken of the Shire in general, next in observation falleth the Shire-Town Huntingdon, Hundandun, or the Hunters Down, 
Marian Scotus.  North seated upon a rising bank, over the rich meadowed River Owse, interpreted by some Authors, the Down of Hunters, to which their now common S●ale (a Hunter) seemeth to allude. Great and populous was this in the foregoing age, the following having here buried of fifteen all but three, besides the Mother-Church S. Maries, in their own graves. At the reign of the Conqueror, it was ranged into four ceiling or Wards and in them 256. 

Hen. Hunting. Regist. Prior de Hun. doomsday.  
Ex num. 〈◊〉 antiquae.   Burgenses or Households: It answered at all assessments for 50 Hides, the fourth part of Hurstingston Hundred in which it standeth. The annual rent was then 30. l. of which, 25 of three Minters there kept the King had two parts▪ the Earl the third; the power of Coinage then and before, not being so privatively in the King, but Borowes, Bishops, and Earls enjoyed it; on the one side stamping the face and stile of their Sovereign, in acknowledgement of subordinacie in that part of absolute power, and on the reverse their own name, to warrant their integrity in that infinite trust.  
(6) The Castle supposed by some the work of the elder Edward, 
Ex. cit. Waltheoph. & come. Hunt.  but seeming by the Book of doomsday, to be built by the Conqueror, is now known but by the ruins: It was the seat of Walthcof the Great Saxon Earl, as of his succeeding heirs, until to end the question of right between Sentlice and the King of Scots, 

Ex Benedicto Monacho in vita Hen. 2.  
Ex inquisit. de Feod●● milit.  
Ex carta originals Da●id Comitis.  
Ex cartis amiquis in Tur. Lond.  
Ex Rot cur. augment.  
Ex cart. amiquis & Itiner. job. zeland  
Ex●ct. de Quo Warranto temp. Edw. primi. & Parliam. 50. Edw. 3.  
Excart. Reg. job. in Arch. Tur. Lond. Ramsey, insula arictis.  
Ex Regist. Ram. E●●lesiae.  
Ex vita Abbat. Rams.  
Matth. Paris. Hist. Major. Chron. joh. de Walingford. Monach. S. Albani. Ex lib. de translat. S. juonis.  
Ex Regist. tertarium Monast. Ram.  
Cart. Hen. 3. & Rot. de Quo Warrant. Edw. Primi. Broughton.   Henry the second, laid it as you see▪ yet doth it remain the head of that honour on which in other Shires many Knights Fees, and sixteen in this attended. Here David Earl of this and Anguise, father of Isabel de B●●s, founded the Hospital of S. john Baptist: and Lovetote here upon the Fee of Eustace the Viscount, built to the honour of the blessed Virgin, the Priory of Black Channons, valued at the Suppression, 232. l. 7. s. ob. Here at the North end was a house of Friars, and without the Town at Hinchingbrooke▪ a Cloister of Nuns, valued at 19 l. 9 s. 2. d. founded by the first William, in place of S. Pandonia, at El●esley (by him suppressed) where near the end of the last Henry the family of the Cromwel's begins their Seat. To this Shire-Town, and benefit of the neighbour Countries, this River was navigable, until the power of Grey▪ a minion of the time, stopped that passage, and with it all redress either by Law or Parliament. By Charter of King john this Town hath a peculiar Cotoner, profit by Toll and Custom, Recorder, Town-Clerkes, and two Bailiffs, (elected annually for government) as at Parliament two Burgesses, for advise and assent: and is Lord of itself in Fee-farm.  
(7) The rest of the Hundred (wherein this Shire-Town lieth) is the East part of the County, and of Hurst a Parish in the centre of it, named HURSTINGSTON, it was the Fee-farm of Ramsey Abbey, which on a point of fertile land, thrust out into the Fens, is therein situate, founded in the year 969. to God, our Lady, and S. Benedict, by Earl Aylwin of the Royal blood, replenished with Monks from Westbury, by Oswold of York, and dedicated by Dunstan of Canterbury, Archbishops. By Abbot Reginald 1114. this Church was re-edified, by Magnavill Earl of Essex, not long after spoilt, and by Henry the third, first of all the Norman Princes, visited; when wasted with the Sicilian wars. Regalis mensae Hospitalitas ita abbreciata fuit, ut cum Abbatibus, Clericis & viris satis humilibus, hospitia quaesivit & prandia. This Monastery (the shrine of two martyred Kings, Ethelbright and Ethelre●, and of Saint Ivo the Persian Bishop) by humble piety at first, and pious charity, ascended such a pitch of worldly fortune, that it transformed their Founder (religious poverty) into their ruin, the attribute of Ramsey the rich: for having made themselves Lords of 387 Hides of land (whereof 200 in this Shire, so much as at an easy and under rent, was at the Suppression valued at 1903. l. 15. s. 3. d. q. but by account of this time annually amounts to 7000. l.) they then began to affect popular command, and first enclosing that large circuit of land and water (for in it lieth the Mile-square Mere of Ramsey) as a peculiar signory to them, called the Ba●cuc or Bandy (bounded as the Shire, from Ely, and from Norman-Crosse with the Hundred Mere) by Sovereign Grant they enjoyed regal liberty. And then aspiring a step further, (to a place in Parliament) made Broughton the head of their Barony, annexing to it in this Shire four Knights Fees. Thus in great glory it stood above 400 years, until Henry the eight (amongst many other once bright Lamps of Learning and Religion in this State, though then obscured with those blemishes to wealth and case concomitant) dissolved the house, although john Warboys then Abbot, & his 60 black Monks there maintained, were of the first that under their hands and conventual Seal protested, 

Ex protest. Original. sub sigil. Convent.  
Gocclinus in vita S. juonis. Capgrave Leg. Sanct. Angliae.  
Ex Lib. transla. S. juonis.  
Hist Elicus. l. 2.   Quod Romanus Ponti●ex non habet majorem aliquam jurisdictionem collatam sibi a Deo in Regno Angliae quam quivis ali●s externus Episcopus. A Cell to this rich Monastery was S. I●oes Priory, built in that place of Slep, by Earl Adelmus, in the reign of the last Edmund, where the incorrupted body of S. Ivo there once an Hermit, in a vision revealed, was by Ednothus taken up in his Robes Episcopal, and dedicated in the presence of Siward Earl of this County, and that Lady of renowned piety Ethelsleda to the sacred memory of this Persian Bishop. Not far from this is Somersham, the gift of the Saxon Earl Brithnothus to the Church of Ely, before his own fatal expedition against the Danes: It is the head of those five Towns, of which the Soak is composed, and was an house to the See of Ely, well beautified by john Stanley their Bishop: 
Ex vita Episco. Elicus. E●●●. Lib. Domes. Regist. Priorat. de Bernwell.  but now by exchange is annexed to the Crown. As these so all the rest of this Hundred, was the Church's land, except Rippon Regis ancient Demaine. To which Saple (reserved Forest) adjoined, and the greater Stive●ly, given by the last David Earl of Huntingdon, in Fee to his three Servants, S●mli●e, Lakervile, and Camoys.   map of Huntingtonshire 
HUNTINGTON BOTH SHIRE AND SHIRE TOWN WITH THE ANCIENT CITY ELY DESCRIBED.  


Ex Inquis. in Arch. Tur. Lond. Ex Evident.  
Familiae. doomsday. Cart. Hen. 8. Ex Certificate. Com. temp. H.S. doomsday.   (9) LETTUNESTAN HUNDRED hath that name from Leighton▪ a Town in the midst of it, given by Earl Waltheof to the Church of Lincoln, which after shared it into two Prebendaries. One, the Parsonage impropriate, which still remaineth: the other, the Lordships, was resumed by Henry the eight, and now by the Heir of Dar●y matched to the Lord Clifton, is become the seat of his Barony. This Hundred had in it no house of Religion, but Stonley a Priory of seven black Channons of the Order of S. Augustine, founded by th● Bigrames, and at the Suppression valued at 62. l. 12. s. 3. d. ob. It stood within the reach of the great Manor Kimbolton (once an Hundred) which was the land of Earl Harold the Usurper: after by Grant it came with the Chase of Swinesheved to Fitz-Peter, from whom by Magnavil to Bobum (who in time of the tumultuous Barons built there a forcelet) and so to Stafford, 
Cart. Regis job. Ex Chron. Ab bat. de Lecest.  by whose attainture forfeited, it was given by Henry the eight to the Family of Wingfield that now possesseth it. At Bugden the See of Lincoln hath a seat, and was Lord of Spaldwick, and the Soak (given in compensation from the Church of Ely, 
Ex Regist. S. Mar. de Lincoln.  when rend from them, it was by the first Henry made a Bishopric) until of late that Church gave up their interest in Spaldwicke to the Crown. Brampton was given by King john at Mirabel, to Earl David, 
Rot. Hundred. de Leightoni●. E. 1.  and by Ada his youngest Daughter fell to Hastings Earl of Pembroke, and now is reverted to the King. To the same Earl David by gift of the former King came Alcumesbury, and by the bounty of john Scot his son to Segrave, and so to the Lord Barkley the late possessor. 
Cart. Reg. john Rot. Hun. Ed. 1.  To Serlo de Quiney Earl of Winchester, was Keston by Henry the second given, by whose Heir general Ferrars, it came to the late Earl of Essex, and by exchange to the Crown.  
(10) TOULESLAND HUNDRED, taketh name likewise of a Town therein situate. In the out Angle of this, to the memory of S. Neotus a Monk of Glastenbury, 
Ex vita S. Neai.  but the supposed son to Ethelwolfe K. of the Westsaxons (whose body from Neost●ck in Cornwall was transferred to Arnulphesbury, then of Arnulphus a holy man, now Eynesbury named) Earl Alrick and Ethel●●eda turned the Palace of Earl Elfred into a Monastery of black Monks, which was razed by the Danes; 
Ex Regist. Priorat. S. N●ott.  but out of the ashes of this R●isia (wife to Richard the son of Earl Gilbert) to God, our Lady de Becco▪ and S. N●o● (as a Cell to the Abbey of Becco in Normandy) erected up of black Monks in the year 1113. the late Priory of S. Ne●es, 
Lib. Domesd. Eschet. temp. dr●ers. R●g. R●●. H●nd. temp. Ed 1. Fr●sard. doomsday. Rot. Hund. d●●ous●and.  suppressed by Henry the eight▪ and valued at 256. l. 15. d. q. At So●tho (the Land of Eustachius the Sheriff) Lovetote made the seat of that signory: on which in this Shire 13. Knight's Fees and a half depende●: But from his line by gift of Ve●don and Vesey drowned were these in the honour of Gloucester. Near to this at Cretingsbury dwelled Sir Adam de Creting, famous in Edward the thirds wars of France, whose Heir General Wa●ton doth now possess it. Staunton given by the first William to Gilbert de Gaunt after the death issueless of De Rupes, escheated to the King, who gave it to joan his sister Queen of Scots. She on the Abbey of Tarent bestowed pa●t. the rest reverting being given to Segra●e descended to the Barons of Berkly, 
Chron. Saxon. doomsday.  Godm●nchester, or Gormonchester, (so named of that Da●e to whom Aelfred at his Conversion granted some regiment in these parts) was the old land of the Crown, now the Inhabitants in fee-farm, by grant of King john▪ pro Sexies viginti libris pondere & numero. 

Cart. Reg. I●hn Rot. de Quo Warranto Ed●. primi.  
Vi●a S. Ma●●u●.   It is flat seated by as fruitful and flowery Meadows as any this Kingdom yieldeth, and is the most spacious of any one Parish in fertile tillage oft having wa●ted on the Sovereign Lords with ninescore Ploughs in a rural pomp: Some from the name Gunicester (which this often beareth in record) suppose it the City where Machutus placed his Bishop's Chair. But for certain it was that Ro●ane Town Durosi●o●●, of the Bridges named, so many hundred years (until the 
* Ca●●ide●.  light of our Britain Story overshone it) forgotten. Thus as this Citi●, so the old familys have been here with time outworn, few only (of the many former) now remaining, whose Surnames before the reign of the last Henry were in this Shire of any eminency. But, 

Non indignemur mortalia Nomina solvi,  
Cernimus exemplis Oppida posse mori.   

Let's not repine that Men and Names do die,  
Since Stone-built Cities dead and ruin'd lie.    
This Description I received from a right worthy and learned Friend.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Huntington-shire.  


THE HUNDREDS.  
NOrman-Crosse.  
Hurstingston.  
Leightenstone.  
Tosland.   


A  
Abbottesley, Tosl.  
Agden mill, Leigh.  
Alerton, Norm.  
Alkmundbury wood, Hurst.  
Alkmundbury, Leigh.  
S. Andrews chapel. Norm.    


B  
Barham, Leigh.  
Beggar's bush, Tosl.  
Bigen, Hurst.  
Billingbrooke, Norm.  
Birtholme Lodge, Leigh.  
Bithorne, Leigh.  
Bluntsham, hur'st.  
Botsey, hur'st.  
Botulph Bridge, Norm.  
Brampton, leigh.  
Brinton, leigh.  
Brik-Mere▪ Norm.  
Broughton wood, hur'st.  
Broughton, hur'st.  
Bruc-Castle▪ Norm.  
Buckworth, leigh.  
Buckworth grove, leigh.  
Buckworth Beacon, leigh.  
Bugden, Tosl.  
Bury, Hurst.    


C  
Cal●ot, Norm.  
Calfo wood▪ leigh.  
Canutus Dike, or Sword Dyke, Norm.  
Great Catworth, Leigh.  
Little Catworth, Leigh.  
Catworth mili, leigh.  
The Chase, hur'st.  
Chesterton, Norm.  
Colne, hur'st.  
Conington, Norm.  
Conquest Loode, Norm.  
Copinford, leigh.  
Covington, leigh.  
Cretingesbery, Tosl.    


D  
Dantree, Norm.  
Denton, Norm.  
Denton and Calton ●enne, Norm.  
Diddington, Tosl.  
Durosiponte, Tosl.    


E  
Easton, leigh.  
Ellington, leigh.  
Elton, Norm.  
Elton-Parke, Norm.  
Elton-Mill, Norm.  
Erith, hur'st.  
Ermin-streete, Norm.  
Everton, Tosl.  
Eynesbury, Tosl.    


F  
Farset, Norm.  
Farset, Kings del●e, Norm.  
Fenton, hur'st.  
Folkesworth, Norm.    


G  
Gramsey, hur'st.  
Great Gidding, leigh.  
Little Gidding, leigh.  
Steeple Gidding, leigh.  
Glatton, Norm.  
Glatton Fen, Norm.  
Godmanchester, Tosl.  
Great Grandsden, Tosl.  
Grasham, leigh.    


H  
Haddon Beacon, Norm.  
Haddon, Norm.  
Haddon Mill, Norm.  
Hammerton, leigh.  
Hammerton Mill, leigh.  
Haleweston, Tosl.  
Heathmangrove, hur'st.  
Hemingford Abbey, Tosl.  
Hemingford Grey, Tosl.  
Herford, hur'st.  
Highney, Norm.  
Highney-lodge, Norm.  
Hilton, Tosl.  
Hinchingbrooke, hur'st.  
Holm-lood, Norm.  
Holy well, hur'st.  
Holy well Fen, hur'st.  
Horsey Bridge, Norm.  
Houghton, hur'st.  
HUNTINGTON, hur'st.    


I  
S. IVES, hur'st.  
S. Ives street, hur'st.    


K  
Keston, leigh.  
KIMBALTON, leigh.    


L  
Leighton, Leigh.  
Leighton Mill, leigh.  
Luddington, Leigh.  
Lutton, Norm.    


M  
Molesworth, leigh.  
Monkeswood, hur'st.  
Morborn, Norm.  
The Moor, Tosl.  
Myddlo●, Tosl.    


N  
Nedingworth, hur'st.  
Neen flu. Norm.  
S. NEOT, Tosl.  
Newdike, Norm.  
New-parke, leigh.    


O  
Offord Clunie, Tosl.  
Offord Dacy, Tosl.  
Ogerston, Norm.  
Overton Longvill, Norm.  
Overton Watervill, Norm.  
Old Hurst, hur'st.    


P  
Papworth Agnes, Tosl.  
Little Paxton, Tosl. 

Great Paxton, Tosl.    
Pertenhall, leigh.  
Pidley, hur'st.  
Pirry, leigh.  
Pits water, Norm.  
Portmed, Tosl.    


R  
Ramsey, hur'st.  
Ramsey Mere, hur'st.  
Ramsey Fen, hur'st.  
Ramsey Moor, Norm.  
Little Reveley, hur'st.  
Great Reveley, hur'st.  
Ripton Abbots, hur'st.  
Ripton Park, Hurst.  
Kings Ripton, hur'st.  
Rowey, hur'st.  
Romerstreeme lood, Norm.    


S  
Salom-wood, leigh.  
Saltrey-Mill, Norm.  
Saltrey Ab●ey▪ Norm.  
Saltrey Grange, Norm.  
Saltrey Judith, Norm.  
Saltrey Moynes, Norm.  
Saltrey Beumes, Norm.  
Saply Park, hur'st.  
Sibthorpe, leigh.  
Small dike, Norm.  
Somersham fen, hur'st.  
Somersham park, hur'st.  
South-hoo, Tosl.  
Spaldwick-mill, leigh.  
Spaldwick, leigh.  
Fenny Stanton, Tosl.  
Stibinton, Norm.  
Stilton, Norm.  
Stilton Fen, Norm.  
Stilton mill, Norm.  
Stongate hole, leigh.  
Stonly, leigh.  
Stonly Priory, leigh.  
Great Stoughton, Tosl.  
Stow, leigh.  
Stranground, Norm.  
Little Stukley, hur'st.  
Great Stukley, hur'st.  
Swineshead, leigh.    


T  
Terwerth, T●●l.  
Thurning, leigh.  
Toseland, Tosl.  
Trundle Mere, Norm.    


V  
Ugmere Coat, Norm.  
Ugmere, Norm.  
Upton, leigh.  
Upwood, hur'st.  
Upwood mill, hur'st.    


W  
Wabridge forest, leigh.  
Walton, Norm.  
Walton mill, hur'st.  
Walton wood, Norm.  
Warbois, hur'st.  
Warbois Fen, hur'st  
Warbois wood, hur'st.  
Waresley, Tosl.  
Washingle, Norm.  
Water Newton, Norm.  
Walmesford, Norm.  
Wenington, hur'st.  
Weston-grove, leigh.  
Weston-mill, leigh.  
Weston old, leigh.  
Witlesmere, Norm.  
Wislow, hur'st.  
Winteringham, Tosl.  
Winwick, leigh.  
Witton, hur'st.  
Woodhurst, hur'st.  
Woodston, Norm.  
Woolly, Lieh.    


Y  
YAXLEY, Norm.  
Yelling, Tosl.       

RUTLAND-SHIRE, the least of any County in this Realm, 
The bounds of this Shire.  is circulated upon the North with Lincolne-shire, upon the East and South, by the River Weland is parted from Northamptonshire; and the West is altogether held in with Leicester-shire.  

The form, and occasion of the name.  (2) The form thereof is round, and no larger in compass then a light horseman can easily ride about in a day: upon which occasion some will have the Shire named of one Rutilio, that so road. But others from the redness of the soil, will have it called Rutland; and so the old English-Saxons called it, for that Ro●t and Rutilio is in their tongue Red with us, and may very well give the name to this Province, seeing the earth doth stain the wool of her sheep into a reddish colour. 
Many places named from the nature of their soil.  Neither is it strange that the stain of the soil gives names unto places, and that very many: for have we not in Chesse-shire the Red Rock, in Lancashire, the Red Bank, and in Wales, Rutland Castle? To speak nothing of that famous Red Sea which shooteth into the Land betwixt Egypt and Arabia, which gave back her waters for the Israelites to pass on foot: all of them named from the colour of the soil.  

The dimension of it.  (3) The longest part of this Shire is from Caldecot in the South upon the River Ey unto Thistleton a small Village seated in the North, not fully twelve miles: and from Timwell Eastward, to Wissenden in the West, her broadest extent, is hardly nine: the whole circumference about forty miles.  

Air.  (4) The air is good both for health and delight, subject to neither extremity of heat nor cold, nor is greatly troubled with foggy mists.  

Soil.  The Soil is rich, and for Corn and tillage gives place unto none. Woods there are plenty, and many of them imparked, hills feeding herds of Neat, and flocks of sheep, valleys besprinkled with many sweet Springs, Grain in abundance, and Pastures not wanting: in a word, all things ministered to the content of life, with a liberal heart and open hand. Only this is objected, that the circuit is not great.  

The Lord Harrington.  (5) The draught whereof, that I may acknowledge my duty and his right, I received at the hands of the right Honourable john Lord Harrington, Baron of Exton, done by himself in his younger years.  

Okham Royalty.  near unto his house Burley, standeth Okham a fair Market-town, which Lordship the said Baron enjoyeth with a Royalty somewhat extraordinary, which is this: If any Noble by birth come within the precinct of the same Lordship, he shall forfeit as an homage a shoe from the Horse whereon he rideth, unless he redeem it at a price with money. In witness whereof, there are many Horseshoes nailed upon the Shire-Hall door, some of large size and ancient fashion, others new and of our present Nobility; whose names are thereupon stamped as followeth: 

Henry Hastings. 
Homigers to the Lord Harrington.   
Roger Rutland.  
Edward L. Russell, Earl of Bedford.  
Ralphe L. Ewer of Parram.  
Henry L. Bertley.  
Henry L. Mordant.  
William L. Compton.  
Edward L. Dudley.  
Henry L. Windsor.  
George, Earl of Cumberland.  
Philip Earl of Montgomery.  
L. Willoughby.  
P. L. Wharton.  
The Lord Shandois.  
Besides many others without names.    
That such homage was his due, 
The Earl of Lincoln.  the said Lord himself told me; and at that instant a suit depended in Law against the Earl of Lincoln, who refused to forfeit the penalty, or to pay his fine.  
(6) Her ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans, 
The ancient people.  and mentioned in Ptolemy, were the Coritani, and by him branched thorough Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham, Derbyshire, and this; who with the Icenians were subdued by P. Ostorius under the yoke of Claudius the Roman Emperor: 
Romans.  and at their departure, by Conquest the Saxons made it a Province unto their Mercian Kingdom, 
Saxons.  whose fortunes likewise coming to a full period, 
Normans.  the Normans annexed it under their Crown.  
(7) This County King Edward Confessor bequeathed by his Testament unto Queen Eadgith his wife, 
King William the C●●q●●rour.  and after her decease unto his Monastery at Westminster, which William the Conqueror canceled and made void, bestowing the Lands upon others, the Tithes and the Church unto those Monks.  
That the Ferrer here first seated, 
The 〈◊〉 of the F●rr●●s.  besides the credit of Writers, the Horse-shoe whose badge than it was, doth witness; where in the Castle, and now the Shire-hall, right over the Seat of the Judge, a Horse-shoe of iron curiously wrought, containing five foot and a half in length, and the breadth thereto proportionably is fixed. The Castle hath been strong, but now is decayed, the Church fair, and the Town spacious; whose degree of Longitude is 19.46. scruples, and the North-poles elevation in Latitude 53▪ degrees and 7. minutes.  
(8) Let it not seem offensive, 
Stanford not s●●ted in this S●ire.  that I (to fill up this little Shire) have inserted the seat of a Town not sited in this County: for besides the conveniency of place, the circuit and beauty, but especially it being for a time an University did move much; yea, and the first in this Island, if john Hardings 
*  Author fail him not, that will have Bladud to bring from Athens certain Philosophers, whom here he seated, and made public profession of the Liberal Sciences, where (as he saith) a great number of Scholars studied the Arts, 
Stanford an University until Augustine's time.  and so continued an University unto the coming of Augustine, at which time the Bishop of Rome interdicted it, for certain Heresies sprung up among the Britain's and Saxons. But most true it is, that in the reign of King Edward the third, upon debate falling betwixt the Southern and Northern Students at Oxford, many Schoolmen withdrew themselves hither, and awhile professed, and named a College, 
Brasennose College in Stanford.  according to one in Oxford, Brasennose, which retaineth that name unto this day. This was so great a scar unto the other, that when they were recalled by proclamation to Oxford, it was provided by Oath, that no Student in Oxford should publicly profess or read the Arts at Stanford, to the prejudice of Oxford.  
(9) As this Shire is the least in circuit, so is it with the fewest Market-towns replenished, 
Two Market-towns only in this Shi●e.  having only two. And from Societies that fed upon the labours of others, was this Land the freest; for besides R●hall, where Tibba the Falconers Goddess was worshipped for a Saint, when Superstition had well-near put Gods true honour out of place, I find very few; neither with more Castles strengthened then that at Okham, whose ruins show that a Castle hath been there.  
Divided it is into five Hundreds, 
The S●i●es partition.  and therein are planted forty eight Parish Churches, as in the Table following shall appear.   map of Rutlandshire 
RUTLANDSHIRE With OUKHAM and STANFORD her bordering Neighbour Newly described.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Rutland-shire.  

HUNDREDS in Rutland-shire.  

1. EAst Hund.  
2. Allstoe Hund.  
3. Okeham Sook.  
4. Martinsley Hund.  
5. Wrangedyke Hund.   


A  
Ashgate, Oak.  
Ashwell, Allst.  
Austhorpe, All.  
Austhorpe grove, All.  
Ayston, Mart.    

B  

Barinsdale, All.  
Barlythorp, Oak.  
Baroughdon hay, Wrong.  
Baroughdon, Wrang.  
barrow, All.  
The Beacon hill. Wrong.  
Beaumont, Mart.  
Beehill, Wrong.  
Belmesthorp, East.  
Belton, Oak.  
Bittewell, Oak.  
S. Butulphe, East.  
Bayal-wood, East.  
Bradgate, Wrang.  
Braunstun, Oak.  
Brokemell wood, East.  
Brock, Oak.  
Burley, All.  
Burley wood, All.  
Bysbrooke, Wrong.    

C  

Caldecote, Wrang.  
Casterton little, East.  
Casterton bridge, East.  
The Vale of Catmouse, Oak.  
Catmouse mill, Oak.  
Chatter Flu.  
Clipsham, Oak.  
Coldlees, Oak.  
Cottesmore, All.  
Cottesmore wood, All.  
Creston, Mar●.  
Cross mill, East.    

D  

Deepedale, Martin.    

E  

Eastwood, East.  
Edgeton, Oak.  
Ediweston, Mart.  
Ediweston wood, Mart.  
Eleshare, Wrang.  
Empingham, East.  
Empingham wood, East.  
Exton, All.  
Ezeden, East.    

F  

Fauldall wood, East.  
Fregthorp, Wrang.  
Frithwood, East.  
Five mile Cross, East.    

G  

Geeson, Wrong.  
Glaiston, Wrang.  
Greetham, All.  
Greetham wood, All.  
Guash Flu.  
Gunthorpe, Mart.    

H  

Hamleyton, Mart.  
Hamleyton wood, Mart.  
Hardwicke, East.  
Hermitage, Oak.  
Horn, East.  
Horn mill, East.    

I  

Ingthorpe, East.  
jostors bridge, East.    

K  

Kelstone, Wrang.  
Kelthorpe, Wrang.  
Ketton, East.  
Kilpisham, East.  
King's Road, Wrang.  
The King's Lodge, Oak.    

L  

Lamley Lodge, Oak.  
Langham, Oak.  
Leefeld forest, Oak.  
Lee Lodge, Oak.  
Littlehall wood, All.  
Lovedall, All.  
North Luffenham, Wrang.  
South Luffenham, Wrang.  
Lyddington, Wrang.  
Lyddington park, Wrang.  
Lynden, Mart.    

M  

Manton, Mart.  
Market overton, All.  
Martinsthorpe, Mart.  
Morecott, Wrong.  
Muley hill, Oak.    

N  

Newbottle, Wrang.  
Normanton, Mart.    

O  

OKEHAM, Oak.  
Osburnall wood, East.    

P  

Pickworth, East.  
Preston, Mart.  
Prisley hill, Wrang.  
Pylton, Wrang.    

R  

Rankesborow hills, Oak.  
Redgate, Wrang.  
Ridlington, Mart.  
Ridlingtonparke, Mart.  
Rullers' stone, East.  
Rushpitt wood, All.  
Ryall, East.    

S  

Snewton, Wrang.  
Seyton, Wrang.  
Stirwood, Oak.  
Sto●edrye, Wrong.  
Stretton, All.  
Stretton wood, All.    

T  

Tarringley wood, All.  
Thisselton, All.  
Tholthorpe, East.  
Thorpe, Wrang.  
Turn course wood, East.  
Tyckencote, East.  
Tyghe, All.  
Tymwell, East.  
Tyxover, Wrang.    

V  

VPPINGHAM, Mart.  
Vppingham park, Mart.    

W  

Wadeland Flu.  
Wadley, Oak.  
Weaned Flu.  
W●●ton, All.  
Westland wood, All.  
Weston fees, Oak.  
W●issenden, All.  
W●itwell, All.  
W●cheley heath, East.  
W●nge, Mart.  
The Wisp, Oak.  
Wolfoky wood, All.  
Woodhead wood, East.       

LEICESTER-SHIRE, lying bordered upon the North with Nottinghamshire; upon the East with Lincoln and Rutland; upon the South with North-hampton-shire; and upon the West with Watling-street-way is parted from Warwickshire; the rest being bounded with the confines of Derby, is a Country Champion, abounding in corn, but spary of woods, especially in the South and East parts, which are supplied with Pit-coales plenteously gotten in the North of this Province, 
At Cole Overton in Gas co●e hundred.  and with abundance of cattle bred in the hills beyond the River Wreck, which is nothing so well inhabited as the rest.  

The Air.  (2) The air is gentle, mild, and temperate, and giveth appetite both to labour and rest: wholesome it is, and draweth man's life to a long age, and that much without sickness; at Carleton only some defect of pronunciation appeareth in their speech.  

The Soil.  (3) The Soil thus consisting, the commodities are raised accordingly of corn, cattle and coals, and in the rocks near Bever are sometimes found the Astroites, 
Commodities.  the Starlike precious Stone.  
(4) The ancient people that inhabited this County, were the Coritant, who were spread further into other Shires, but after that the Romans had left the land to itself, this with many more fell to be under the possession and government of the Mercians and their Kings, from whom the English enjoyeth it at this day.  
(5) In Circular wise (almost) the compass of this Shire is drawn indifferently spacious, but not very thick of Enclosures, being from East to West in the broadest part not fully 30. miles, & from North to South but 24. the whole circumference about 196. miles; whose principal City is set, as the Centre, almost in the midst: 
Leicester City the Centre of the Shire.  from whom the Pole is elevated 53. degrees and 4. minutes in Latitude, and for Longitude 19 degrees, 22. minutes.  
(6) From this Town the Shire hath the name, though the name of herself is diversely written, as Legecestria, Leegora, Legte-ceste: by Ninius, Caer-Lerion; 
The names of Leicester.  by Matthew of Westminster (if we do not mistake him) Wirall; and now lastly, Leicester: ancient enough, if King Leir was her builder, eight hundred forty and four years before the birth of our Saviour, 
Geffrey Mon●.  wherein he placed a Flamine to serve in the Temple of janus, by himself there erected, and where he was buried, if Geffrey ap Arthur say true, but now certain it is, that Ethelred the Mercian Monarch made it an Episcopal Sea, 
Leicester a Bishops See.  in the year of Christ jesus 680. wherein Sexwulph of his Election became the first Bishop: which shortly after was thence translated, and therewith the beauty of the Town began to decay; upon whose desolations that erectifying Lady Edalfled cast her eyes of compassion, and both rectified the buildings, and compassed it about with a strong wall, 
An. D. 914.  where in short time the City's trade so increased, that Matth. Paris in his lesser Story reporteth as followeth, Legecester (saith he) is a right wealthy City, and notably defended; and had the wall a sure foundation, were inferior to no City whatsoever. But this pride of prosperity long lasted not under the Normans, for it was sore oppressed with a world of calamities, when Robert Bossu the Crouch-back Earl of that Province, 
Leicester destroyed through the Rebellion of Robert Crouchbacke.  rebelled against his Sovereign Lord King Henry the second: whereof hear the same Author Paris speak: Through the obstinate stubbornness of Earl Robert (saith he) the noble City Leicester was besieged and thrown down by K. Henry, and the wall that seemed indissoluble, was utterly razed, even to the ground. The pieces of whose fragments so fallen down, remained in his days like to hard rocks, 
Camden.  through the strength of the Mortar cementing whole lumps together: and at the Kings command the City was set on fire and burnt, the Castle razed, and a heavy imposition laid upon the Citizens, 
The Citizens grievously used.  who with great sums of money bought their own Banishments: but were so used in their departure, that for extreme fear many of them took Sanctuary, both at S. Edmund's and S. Albans. In repentance of these mischiefs, the author thereof Earl Robert built the Monastery of S. Marry de Pratis, wherein himself became a Canon Regular, and for fifteen years' continuance in sad laments served God in continual prayers. With the like devotion, Henry the first Duke of Lancaster built an Hospital for an hundred and ten poor people, with a collegiate Church, a Dean, twelve Canons Prebendaries, as many Vicars, sufficiently provided for with revenues; wherein himself lieth buried: and it was the greatest ornament of that City, until the hand of King Henry the eight lay over heavy upon the like foundations, and laid their aspired tops at his own feet.  
The fortunes of another Crouch-back (K. Richard the Usurper) were no less remarkable in this City than the former Robert was, 
King Richard the third.  both of them in like degree of dishonourable course of life, though of different issue at their deaths, the one dying penitent and of devout esteem; the other leaving the stench of Tyranny to all following ages; who from this City setting forth in one day with great pomp and in battle array, to keep the Crown sure upon his own Helmet, in a sore fought field, yielded both it and his life unto the head and hands of Henry of Richmond his Conqueror: and the next day was brought back like a Hog, naked and torn, and with contempt without tears obscurely buried in the Gray-Friers of this City; whose suppression hath suppressed the plot-place of his grave, and only the stone-chest wherein he was laid (a drinking trough now for horses in a common Inn) retaineth the memory of that great Monarch's Funeral: 
A drinking for horses made of his stone Coffin.  and so did a stone in the Church and Chapel of S. Mary's, enclose the corpse of the proud and pontifical Cardinal Wolsey, who had prepared for himself, as was said, a far more richer Monument.  
(7) Other places worthy of remembrance in this Shire were these: 
Places of note.  In the West, where a high cross was erected, in former times stood the fair City Cleycester the Romans BENONNES, 
Camden.  where their Legions lay, and where their two principal ways crossed each other, as the Inhabitants report; Loughborow in the North-verge, 
Maria. Scotus.  which the Saxons called Leizanburge, was (as Marianus affirmeth) taken from the Britaines by Cuthwolfe their King, about the year of Christ 572.  
At Redmore near Bosworth, 
Bosworth-field in Anno 1485. August 22.  Westward in this County, the Kingdom of England lay in hazard of one Battle, when King Richard's Field was fought, where the land at once was freed from a Tyrant, and a wicked Usurper. Neither may we pass Lutterworth, as the least in account, where the famous john Wickliff, England's Morning star, dispersed the clouds of all Papistical darkness, by preaching the Gospel in that his charge; and stile of his pen, so piercing in power, that the man of Sin ever since hath been better known to the world.  
(8) Religious houses by Princes erected and by them devoted to God and his service, 
Religious houses built and suppressed.  the chiefest in this Shire were at Leicester, Grace-Dieu, Keirkby-Bellers, and at Burton a spital for Lazars, a disease then newly approached in this Land; for the erection whereof a common contribution was gathered thorough the Realm: the Patients in this place were not so much deformed in skin, as the other were in the defects for the soul; whose skirts being turned up to the sight of the world, their shames were discovered, and those houses dissolved, that had long maintained such Idolatrous sins.  
(9) This Shires division is into six Hundreds, 
The Shires division.  and in them are seated twelve Market Towns for commerce, and containeth in her circuit two hundred Parish-Churches: whose names with others are in the Table following, to this Chapter belonging.   map of Leicestershire 
LEICESTER both county and City described, The Honourable Famylies that have had the titles of Earls thereof. With other accidents therein observed  


HUNDREDS in Leicester-shire.  
1. West-Goscote.  
2. Sparkingho.  
3. Goodlaxton.  
4. Gartrey.  
5. East Goscote.  
6. Framland.   


A  
Abbey gate, West.  
Affordbie, east.  
Ailston, good.  
Allexton, east.  
Altongrange, west.  
Anchor Flu.  
Ansty, West.  
Appleby little, spark.  
Appleby great, spark.  
Apekettelbie, Fram.  
Arnesbye, Good.  
ASHBYE de la Zouch, west.  
Ashbye folvile, east.  
Ashbye little, good.  
Ashbye great, good.  
Aston slamvill, spar.  
Atterton, spar.    


B  
Bagrave, gart.  
Bagworth pakre, spar.  
Bagworth, spar.  
Barbythorpe, east.  
Baresby, east.  
Bardon hill, west.  
Barkebie, east.  
Barkston, fram.  
Barlston, spar.  
Barn park, spar.  
Barrow upon Zoram, east.  
Barton, spar.  
Barwell, spar.  
Beebie, east.  
Belgrave, east.  
Belton, west.  
Bensford bridge, good.  
Bew manner, west.  
Billesdon, gart.  
Bilston, spar.  
Bitteswell, good.  
Blabye, good.  
Blackbrooke flu.  
Blangherby, west.  
Blazon, gart.  
Boresworth husband, gart.  
Borhisson, spar.  
BOSWORTH, spark.  
Botisford, fram.  
Bowden great, gart.  
Bradgate, west.  
Bradley, gart.  
Brantingthorpe, good.  
Brantingthorpe, Westcotts, spar.  
Braunston, fram.  
Braunston, spar.  
Braughton nether, fram.  
Bredon on the hill. west.  
Brenkinsthorpe, spar.  
Brentingby, fram.  
Bringhurst, gart.  
Brokesbie, east.  
B●oughton, Ashley, good.  
Buckminster, fram.  
Burbage, spar.  
Burley park, west.  
Burrow, gart.  
Burstall, west.  
Burton layers, fram.  
Burton upon ol●s, east.  
Burton overy, gart.  
Bushbye, gart.    


C  
Candwell, east.  
Carleton, spar.  
Carlton Curlew, gart,  
Cathorpe, gart.  
Charley, west.  
Chamwood forest, west.  
Cawdwell, fram.  
Clawson long, fram.  
Cleybrooke, good.  
Colderton, east.  
Collerton, west.  
Cosbye, good.  
Coson, fram.  
Cossington, east.  
Counston, spar.  
Countesthorpe, good.  
Cottesboche, good.  
Cotes, east.  
Cotton, spar.  
Cranoe, gart.  
Crawston, east.  
Crofee, spar.  
Cropston, west.  
Croston South, east.  
Croxton Kerriall, fram.    


D  
Dadlington, spar.  
Dalbye little, fram.  
Dalbie jacombe, east.  
Dalbye wood, east.  
Dalbie upon Olds, east.  
Deane flu.  
Desforde, spar.  
Dishley grange, west.  
Drayton, spar.  
Drayton, gart.  
Dunton Basset, good.  
Dunington, spar.  
DUNINGTON CASTLE, west.  
Dyseworth, west.    


E  
Eton, fram.  
Eastwell, fram.  
Easton, gart.  
Edmondthorpe, fram.  
Eye flu.  
Eye Kettleby, fram.  
Elmesthorpe, spar.  
Elston, good.  
Enderby, spar.  
Engarsby, gart.  
Erdisborowe, gart.  
Erlshilton, spar.  
Evington, gart.    


F  
Fleckney, gart.  
Foston, good.  
Foxton, gart.  
Freabie, fram.  
Frisbye, gart.  
Frisbye upon Wreak, east.  
Frolesworth, good.    


G  
Gaddesby, east.  
Gadebye, spar.  
Galbye, gart.  
Garenton, west.  
Garthorpe, fram.  
Gillmorton, good.  
Glenfeild, spar.  
Glenn great, gart.  
Glenn little, good.  
Glowston, gart.  
Goadbie, fram.  
Goadbye, gart.  
Goldsmith's grange, fram.  
Grace dieu. west.  
Grimston, east.  
Groobye, spar.  
Gumley, gart.    


H  
Hachton, fram.  
HALLATON, gar.  
HARBOROW, gart.  
Harbye, fram.  
Harston, fram.  
Hatherne, west.  
Hawlstead, east.  
Heather, spar.  
Hemington, west.  
Higham, spar.  
High cross, good.  
Hinckley bond, spar.  
HINCKLYE, spar.  
Hobie, east.  
Hoes, fram.  
Hogs Norton, spar.  
Holt, gart.  
Hollwell, fram.  
Horninghold, gart.  
Horsepoole grange, spar.  
Horsepoole, spar.  
Hoose, fram.  
Hoton, east.  
Houghton, gart.  
Hucklescott, spar.  
Humberstone, east.  
Huncott, spar.  
Hungerton, east.    


I  
Ibstoke, spar.  
Illeston, gart.  
Ingersbye, gart.  
Isbye Walton.    


K  
Katthorpe, good.  
Keham, east.  
Kemington south, east.  
Kerbey muchese, spar.  
Ketworth, west.  
Kibworth Beacham, gart.  
Kilbye, good.  
Kilworth north, good.  
Kilworth harcott, gart.  
Kimcote, good.  
Kirby bellers, fram.  
Kirbey mallary, spar.  
Knaptost, good.  
Knaveston, gart.  
Knighton, good.  
Knighsthorpe, west.  
Knipton, fram.  
Knosson, gart.    


L  
Lungley, west.  
Church Langton, gart.  
Thorpe Lanckton, gart.  
Lancton east, gart.  
Lancton west, gart.  
Land, east.  
Lawghton, gart.  
Leicester Forest, spar.  
Leesthorpe, fram.  
LEICESTER, east.  
Leicester Abbey, west.  
Leire, good.  
Lindley, spar.  
Littlethorpe, good.  
LITTERWORTH, go.  
Lockington, west.  
Loddington, east.  
LONGBOROW, west.  
Loseby, east.  
Lubenham, gart.  
Lubsthorpe, spar.    


M  
Marfeild South, gart.  
Markefeild, spar.  
Marston potters, spar.  
Medburne, gart.  
MELTON Mowbray, fram.  
Merill grange, west.  
Misterton, good.  
Morebarne, spar.  
MOUNTSORRELL, west.  
Mowsely, gart.  
Musson, fram.    


N  
Naneby, spar.  
Nelston, spar.  
Newbold verdon, spar.  
Newbold, west.  
Newbold, gart.  
Newton, west.  
Newton harcourt, gart.  
Newton burcott, gart.  
Newton cold, east.  
Newton nethercote, spar.  
Newtowne, spar.  
Norborow, spar.  
Normanton, fram.  
Normanton, spar.  
Normanton on the health, spar.  
Norton, gart.  
Norton East, east.  
Nosely, gart.    


O  
Oddeston, spar.  
Odeby, good.  
Orton upon the Mount, spar.  
Osberston, spar.  
Osgathorpe, west.  
Overton cold, fram.  
Overton sausye, west.  
Oweston, gart.    


P  
The great Park, west.  
Peatling little, good.  
Peatling great, good.  
Peckleton, spar.  
Pickering grange, spar.  
Pickwell, gart.  
Plungar, fram.  
Prestwold, east.    


Q  
Quarendon, west.  
Quenby, east.  
Quenyborowe, east.    


R  
Ragdale, east.  
Ratbye, spar.  
Ratcliffe, culie, spar.  
Ratcliffe upon Wreak, east.  
Raunston in Darbysh. west.  
Rearsbie, east.  
Redmore, spar.  
Redmyle, fram.  
King Richard's field, spar.  
Rodeley, west.  
Rotherby, east.  
Rowlston, gart.    


S  
Saddington, gart.  
Saltbie, fram.  
Sapcote, spar.  
Saxbie, fram.  
Saxulbie, east.  
Scallford, fram.  
Scechesley, spar.  
Scraptoste, gart.  
Segrave, east.  
Sense flu.  
Sewsterne, fram.  
Seyston, east.  
Shakerston, spar.  
Shankton, gart.  
Sharnford, spar.  
Shawell, good.  
Shaxton, spar.  
Sheepie little, spar.  
Sheepie great, spar.  
Shenton, spar.  
Sheep's head, west.  
Sheresbye, good.  
Shilton, spar.  
Shouldby, east.  
Sibston, spar.  
Skeffington, east.  
Slawston, gart.  
Smeeto, gart.  
Snarston, spar.  
Snibston, west.  
Snyte flu.  
Sproxton, fram.  
Stanton, spar.  
Stanton harold, west.  
Stanton wyvell, gart.  
Stanton under Barton, spar.  
Stapleford, fram.  
Stapleton, spar.  
Stathorne, fram.  
Stoke golding, spar.  
Stokerston, gart.  
Stonesbie, fram.  
Stony Stanton, spar.  
Stoure flu.  
Stowghton, gart.  
Stretton great, gart.  
Stretton little, gart.  
Sumerbee, fram.  
Sutton, good.  
Sutton chenney, spar.  
Swannington, west.  
Swebston, west.  
Swift flu.  
Swinford, good.  
Swithland, west.  
Sylebye, east.  
Sysesore, east.  
Sysonbee, fram.    


T  
Temple, spar.  
Theddingworth, gart.  
Thornton, spar.  
Thorpacre, west.  
Thorpe, good.  
Thorpe Arnold, fram.  
Thorpe sachfeld, east.  
Thrinkston, west.  
Thurcaston, west.  
Thurlston, spar.  
Thurmaston, east.  
Thurnby, gart.  
Thussington, east.  
Tilton, east.  
Toly Park, spar.  
Tonge, west.  
Trent flu.  
Tugby, east.  
Thurlancton, gart.  
Twicrosse, spar.  
Twyford, east.    


V  
Vlvescrosse Abbey, west.  
Vllesthorne, good.  
Vlveston, gart.  
Vpton, spar.    


W  
Walcot, good.  
WALTHAM on the wowld, fram.  
Walton, good.  
Walton on the wowld, east.  
Wanlipp, west.  
Wartnabie, east.  
Welbie, fram.  
Welham, gart.  
Welland flu.  
Welsborow, spar.  
Westerby, gart.  
Wetherlye, spar.  
Whalton long, west.  
Wheston, good.  
Whittington grange, spar.  
Whitwike, west.  
Wigston little, good.  
Wigston great, good.  
Wikeham, fram.  
Wikin, spar.  
Willoughbye waterless, good.  
Wilston, west.  
Wiston, gart.  
Withcorke, fram.  
Wiverby, fram.  
Woodhouse, west.  
Worthington, west.  
Wreak flu.  
Wykin, east.  
Wymondham, fram.  
Wynaswold, east.    


Y  
Ybstocke, spar.      

LINCOLNSHIRE. CHAPTER XXXII.  
THe County of Lincoln by the English-Saxons called Lincoll-scyre, and by the Normans Nicolshire, is confined on the North with Humber, on the East with the German Ocean, upon the South is parted from Cambridge and Northamptonshire by the River Nine, and on the West from Nottingham and Yorke-shires by Dun and Trent.  

The length of this Shir●.  (2) The length of this Province extended from Barton upon Humber in the North, unto Stanford upon the River Nine in the South, are miles by our English measure fifty-five, and the breadth thereof from Newton in the West, stretched unto Winthorp upon her East Sea containeth thirty five. The whole in circumference about one hundred and eighty miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air upon the East and South part is both thick and foggy, by reason of the Fens and unsolute grounds, but therewithal very moderate and pleasing. Her graduation being removed from the Equator to the degree of 53. and the winds that are sent of her still working Seas, do disperse those vapours from all power of hurt.  

The Form.  (4) The form of this County doth somewhat resemble the body of a Lute, whose East coasts lie bowe-like into the German Ocean, all along pestered with in-lets of salt waters and sands, which are neither firm nor safe for travellers, as those in the South proved unto K. john, who marching Northward from Norfolk, against his disloyal Barons, upon those washes lost all his furniture and carriage by the sudden return of the Sea, and softness of the Sands.  

The Soil.  (5) Her Soil upon the West and North is abundantly fertile, pleasant and rich, stored with pasturage, arable and meadowing grounds: the East and South Fenny and blackish, and for Corn barren; but for Fowl and Fish exceeding any other in the Realm; wherein, at some times and seasons of the year, hath been taken in nets, in August, at one draught, above three thousand Mallards', and other Fowls of the like kind.  

Commodities.  (6) The Shires commodities consist chiefly in Corn, Cattle, Fish, Fowle, Flax and Alabaster; as also in a Plaster much esteemed of by the Romans for their works of Imagery; 
Plin. Nat. Hist.  and whereof Pliny in his natural History maketh mention. And the Astroites, a precious stone, 
Greg. Agric. Mineral l●b.  Starlike, pointed with five beams or rays, anciently esteemed for their virtue in victories, upon the South-west of this County near Bever are found: not far thence in our Father's memory, at Harlaxton was ploughed up a brazen vessel, wherein was enclosed a golden Helmet of an ancient fashion, set with precious stones, which was presented to Katharin of Spain, Wife and Dowager to King Henry the Eight.  
(7) This Shire triumpheth in the births of Beaucleark, King Henry the First, whom Selby brought forth, and of King Henry the Fourth at Bullingbrooke born: but may as justly lament for the death of King john, herein poisoned by Simon a Monk of Swynsted Abby; and of Queen Eleanor, wife to King Edward the First, the mirror of wedlock, and love to the Commons, who at Hardby, near Bullingbrooke, his birthplace, ended her life.  

Market-towns.  (8) Trade and commerce for provision of life is vented thorough thirty one Market-towns in this Shire, 
Lincoln the chief Town.  whereof Lincoln the Counties namer is chief, by Ptolemie and Antonine called Lindum, by Beda Lindecollina; by the Saxons, Linoo collyne, and by the Normans, Nichol. Very ancient it is, and hath been more magnifical, as by her many over-turned ruins doth appear, and far more populous, as by Domesdayes' book is seen, where it is recorded that this City contained a thousand and seven Mansions, and nine hundred Burgesses, with twelve Lage-men, having Sac and Soc. And in the Normans time, saith Malmesburie, it was one of the best peopled Cities of England, being a place for traffic of Merchandise for all comers by Land or Sea. Herein King Edward the Third ordained his Staple for the Mart of Wools, Leather, and Led; and no less than fifty Parish-Churches did beautify the same: but now containeth only fifteen besides the Cathedral. Some ruins yet remain both of Friaries and Nunneries, who lie now buried in their own ashes, and the City conquered not by war, but by time and very age: and yet hath she not escaped the calamity of sword, as in the time of the Saxons; 
An. D. 516. An. D. 940. An. D. 1140. An. D. 1217. An. D. 1123.  whence Arthur enforced their Ho●t: the like also did Edmund to the destroying Danes; & by the Normans it suffered some damage, where King Stephen was vanquished and taken prisoner; and again by the Third Henry, who assaulted and won it from his rebellious Barons. By fire likewise it was sore defaced, wherein not only the buildings were consumed, but withal many men and women in the violence thereof perished: 
An. 1186. Wil Malmes.  as also by an Earthquake her foundation was much weakened and shaken, wherein the fair Cathedral Church, dedicated to the Virgin of Virgins, was rend in pieces. The government of this City is committed yearly to a Mayor, two Sheriffs, twelve Aldermen in Scarlet, a Sword, a Hat of estate, a Recorder, Sword-bearer, and four Sergeants with Maces: whose situation on a steep hill standeth, for Longitude in the degree 20. 10. scruples, the Pole elevated for Latitude from the degree 53. and 50. scruples.  
(9) Much hath been the devotion of Princes in building religious houses in this County, 
Ann. 1536.  as at Crowland, Lincoln, Markeby, Leyborne, Grenfield, Alvingham, Newnersby, Grymmysby, Newsted, Elsham, Staynsfeld, Syxhill, Torkesey, Bryggerd, Thorneholme, Nuncotton, Fosse, Hevings, Axholme Isle, Goykewell, Saint michael's near Stanford, Swyneshead, Spalding, Kirk●sted, etc.  
(10) Commotions in this Shire were raised the eight and twentieth of King Henry the Eight, 
Ann. 1549.  where twenty thousand making insurrection, violently swore certain Lords and Gentlemen to their Articles. But no sooner they heard of the King's power coming, but that they dispersed themselves, and sued for pardon. And again in the third year of King Edward the sixth, in case of Enclosures, Lincoln, rose in seditious manner, as did they of Cornwall, Devon-shire, Yorkshire, and Norfolk: but after some slaughters of their chiefest men, were reduced to former obedience.  
This Shires division is into three principal parts, viz. Lindsey, 


Castles.  
1. Nicole.  
2. Clifford.  
3. Brum●e.  
4. Stanford.  
5. B●●am  
6. Swin●shead    Kesteven, and Holland, Lindsey is subdivided into seventeen Hundreds, Kesteven into eleven, and Holland into three, containing in all thirty one, wherein are situated thirty Market-towns, and six hundred thirty Parish-Churches, as in the Table following are Alphabetically expressed.   map of Lincolnshire 
THE COUNTY AND CITY OF LYNCOLNE DESCRIBED WITH THE ARMS OF THEM THAT HAVE BEEN EARLS THEREOF since the Conquest.  

HUNDREDS and Wapentakes in Lincolne-shire.  

Lindsey.  
1. Manly Wap.  
2. Y●borough ●●a.  
3. Brodley Wap.  
4. Ludbrough Wa.  
5. Walshcroft Wa.  
6. As●●●oe Wap.  
7. Co●ringham W.  
8. Well Wap.  
9 Lawris Wap.  
10. Wraggot Wa.  
11. Gorine Wa.  
12. Lou●heask Hun  
13. Ca●●eworth Hu.  
14. Candleshy Wa.  
15. Hill Hund.  
16. Bullingbrook W  
17. Horncostle W.   

Kesteven  
18. La●go Wap.  
19 boothby Wap.  
20. Loveden Wap.  
21. Fla●well Wa.  
22. Aswa●dburn W  
23. W●●ebridge W  
24. Grantham W.  
25. Aveland W.  
26. hellish Wap.  
27. Nesse's Wap.   

Holland.  
28. Shirbeck Wa.  
29. Kirton Wap.  
30. Ellowe Wap.   


A  
Abye, Cal.  
Agle, Boul.  
Alesbie, Brod.  
Alesbie, Cal.  
ALFORD, Cal.  
Alge●ki●ke, K●●●.  
All-hallows, Cand.  
Allington, Wi●.  
Althorpe, Man.  
Alvingham, Louth.  
Amcotes, Man.  
Amw●cke, Flax.  
Ankam Flu.  
Ancaster, Lou.  
Anderby, Cal.  
Anthorpe, Lou.  
Appley, Wrag.  
Appleby Man.  
A●metree, Horn.  
Asbie, Man.  
Asgarbye, Bul.  
Asgarby, Asw.  
Ashbye, Cand.  
Ashby, Ho●●.  
Ashby, Flax.  
Ashbye, Brod.  
Ashbye child's, Hil.  
Askby, Hil.  
Aslackby, Av●.  
Aspye, Br●d.  
Asterby, Gart.  
Astrope, Law.  
Aswarby Hil.  
Auburgh, Booth.  
Aveland, Avel.  
Aukley, Man.  
Aukeburgh, Man.  
Auklam Flu.  
Avousbye, Asw.  
Au●●rope, Asw.  
Aust north, Louth.    


B  
Bagenderby hill.  
Ballin, Lincoln l●ber.  
Bamburghe, Gart.  
Bane Flu.  
Bareby, Wiv.  
Bradney, Wrag.  
Bartholme, Nos.  
Barkeston, Grant.  
Barkworth west, Wrag.  
Barkworth east, Wrag.  
Barnalby, Brod.  
Bame●by, you're.  
Barrow, you're.  
Barroughbye, Wive.  
BARTON, you're.  
Baston dike, N●s.  
Baston drane, N●s.  
Baston, N●s.  
Bassingham, Booth.  
Bassingthorpe, Bol.  
BUCKINGHAM, Lov●.  
Beckring, Wrag.  
Bekbye, you're.  
Belchworth, Gart.  
Bele●by, Brod.  
Bellew, Cal.  
Belton, Grant.  
Belroste, Man.  
Belton, Man.  
Long Benington, Love.  
Benington, Skir.  
Beningworth, Wrag.  
Berling, Law.  
Benby, you're.  
Beseby, Cal.  
Beseby, Brod.  
Bever Castle, coant.  
Bewthorpe, Bol.  
Bicker, Kirt.  
Billingay, L●ng.  
Billingborrow, Avel.  
Billsby, Cal.  
Binbrooke, Walsh.  
Bishop's norton, Asla.  
Biskthorpe, Wrag.  
Bitchfield, Bol.  
Bitham little, Bol.  
Blankney, Lang.  
Bliburgh, Asla.  
Bliton, Corring.  
Bloxham, Flax.  
Bolyston, Ellow.  
BOSTON, Skir. 

S. Bottolph, Skir.    
Boothby panel, Wive.  
Boothbye, Booth.  
Botiford, Man.  
Bo●bie, you're.  
Boultham, Booth.  
BOURNE, Avel.  
Bracebye, Grant.  
Bradney, Wrag.  
Braesbridge, Lang.  
Braisborough, Nos.  
Brakenburgh, Lud.  
Brambey, Woll.  
Brampton, Woll.  
Brandon, Love.  
Branswell, Flax.  
Branston, Lin.  
Brant broughton, Love.  
Bratleby, Law.  
Brawston, Lin.  
Bratost, Cand.  
Bridge end, Avel.  
Briggesley, Brod.  
Brinckle hill.  
Brocklesbey, you're.  
Brodley, Brod.  
Brombye, Man.  
Brotherhouse, Ellow.  
Brothertost, Asw.  
Brothertost, Kirt.  
Broughton, Man.  
Bro●holme, Law.  
Brunthorp, Cal.  
Bucknall, Gart.  
Bulby, Bel.  
BULLINGBROOK, Bu.  
Bullington, Wrag.  
Burgh upon bane, Wrag.  
B●ne Flu.  
Burgh in the marsh, Can.  
Burham, Noss.  
Buringham, Man.  
Burnham, Man.  
Burton, Boll.  
Burton, Law.  
Burton, Asw.  
BURTON, Man.  
Burthorpe, Avel.  
Burwell, Louth.  
Buslingthorp, Law.  
Butterwicke, Skir.  
Butterwicke west, Man.  
Butterwicke east, Man.    


C  
Caburne. Brod.  
Cadney, you're.  
Cadeby, Brod.  
Caester, you're.  
Calsebye, Cal.  
Calverthorp, Asw.  
Cameringham, Asla.  
Candlesbye, Cand.  
Cane●bye, Man.  
Canwick, L●n.  
Careby, Bell.  
Carltons', Louth.  
Carlton little, Louth.  
Carlton great, Louth.  
Carton castle, Louth.  
Carlton north, Law.  
Carlton south, Law.  
Carlton, Love.  
Carlton, Booth.  
Carleby, Noss.  
Casthorpe, Man.  
Castill, Louth.  
Castle bitham, Bell.  
Cathorpe, Love.  
Catley, Flax.  
Caukwell, Gart.  
Cawthorp, Avel.  
Cawthorp, Lud.  
Cainebie, Asla.  
Marsh Chapel, Brod.  
Cherry, Law.  
Claipoole, Love.  
Claithorp, Cal.  
Claws cross, Ello.  
Claxbye, Cal.  
Claxbie, Hil.  
Claxbie, Walsh.  
Clee, Brod.  
Cleethorp. Brod.  
Cleytham, Cor.  
Clixbie, you're.  
Clowthouse, Ellow.  
Clum, Lin.  
Coats north, Brod.  
Coats little, Brod.  
Coats great, Brod.  
Cockrington north▪ Louth.  
Cockrington south. Louth.  
Cokeswould, Brod.  
Colsterworth, Grant.  
Co●sholme, Louth.  
Comethorpe, Bell.  
Connesbye, Horn.  
Co●bye, Bell.  
Coringham, Cor.  
Cotham Abbey, you're.  
Co●tlehall, Man.  
Cott. Asla.  
Covenham, Lud.  
Coulbye, Booth.  
Coulbye, Man.  
Cowbet, Ellow.  
Cowthorpe, Cal.  
Cra●well, Flax.  
Cretew, Bell.  
Crossed, Cand.  
Crosby, Man.  
Croule, Man.  
CROWLAND, Ellow.  
Croxby, Walsh.  
Croxton, you're.  
Cumberworth, Cal.  
Cunningholme, Louth.  
Cunesby, Horn.    


D  
Dalby, Candle.  
DAUDERBY, Gart.  
Dembleby, Avel.  
Deeping west, Nosse.  
Deeping east, Nosse.  
MARKET DEEPING, Nosse.  
Deeping Fen, Ellow.  
Denton, Grant.  
Digby, Flax.  
Baston Dike, Ellow.  
Dockdyke, Lang.  
Doddington, Booth.  
Dodington, Love.  
Dogdike ferry, Horn.  
Doveburne, Ellow.  
Dewesby, Avel.  
Donesby, Avel.  
Dowesdale, Ellow.  
Dribie, Candle.  
Dun Flu.  
Dun holm, Law.  
DUNINGTON, Kirt.  
Dunnington upon ●ane, Gart.  
Dunsby, Flax.  
Dunsby, Avel.  
Dunston, Lang.  
Durrinton, Flax.  
Dyke, Avel.    


E  
Ealand, Man.  
Eagle, Booth.  
Earebie, Brod.  
Easton, Grant.  
Eastoste, Man.  
Edenham, Bell.  
Edlington.  
Edlington, Gar.  
Eglethorp, Avel.  
Elkington, Louth.  
Elsham, you're.  
Enderby mavis, Bull.  
Wood Enderby, Horn.  
Bag Enderbye, Hill.  
Epworth, Man.  
Eveden, Asw.    


F  
Faldingworth, Law.  
Fanthorp, Louth.  
Farforth, Louth.  
Fareby, you're.  
Faresby, Bull.  
Farlesthorp, Cal.  
Faston, Love.  
Faston, Grant.  
Fenn west, Horn.  
Fenn east, Horn.  
Fenton, Lov●.  
Fenton, Well.  
Fereby north, you're.  
ferry east, Cu.  
Fesdike Flu.  
Fesdike, Kirt.  
Fillingham, Asla.  
Finny●gley, Man.  
Fishtost, Skir.  
Fiskerton, Law.  
Fleet, Ellow.  
Fleet Penn, Ellow.  
Flixborough, Man.  
Folethorp, Cal.  
FOLKINGHAM, Avel.  
Foldingworth, Lin.  
Fossdik, Kirt.  
Fotherbie, Lud.  
Fotherington, Candle.  
Frampton, Kirt.  
Frekingham, Avel.  
Freston, Skir.  
Friskney, Cand.  
Friston, Love.  
Fordingham, Man.  
Fulbecke, L●ve.  
Fulbrooke, Wiut.  
Fulletbye, Hill.  
Fullnetbye, Wrag.  
Fullstowe, Brod.  
Furby, Asla.  
Fusworth, Cor.  
Fueby, Cand.    


G  
Gaiton in the marsh, Cal.  
Gaiton in the wowld, L.  
GANESBROUGH, Cor.  
Garthorpe, Man.  
Gateburton, W●ll.  
Gaudbie, Gart.  
Gedney, Ellow.  
Gedney Fenn, Ellow.  
Gellstone, Love.  
Geringham, Cur.  
GLANFORD BRIDGE, youar.  
Glentham, Asla.  
Glentworth, Asla.  
Gokewell, Man.  
Gobesbye, Gart.  
Gonna●by, Grant.  
Gosberthy, Kirt.  
Goulthro, Wrag.  
Goxhill, you're.  
Grawesby, Brod.  
Grabye, Avel.  
Grey land, Ma●l. 

The Grange, Law.    
GRANTHAM Grant.  
Granthorp, Louth.  
Greenfield, Cal.  
Gresby, you're.  
Gree●ham, Hill.  
Gre●ford, Nosse.  
Greetewell, Law.  
Grinbleby, Louth.  
Grimsby, ●ird.  
Grimsthorpe, Bell.  
GRIMSBY GREAT, Brod.  
Gundbye, Bell.  
Gundbye, Cand.  
Gunthorpe, Man.  
Gunnyet, Man.  
Gunwarby, Grant.    


H  
Harbour, you're.  
Hackthorne, Asla.  
Hacunby, Avel.  
Hagnaby, Bull.  
Hagworthingham, Hill.  
Hakeliff, Brod.  
Haldingham, Flax.  
halam upon bane, Hor.  
Hallington, Louth.  
Hameringham, Horn.  
Hamton, Wrag.  
Hamworth, Asla.  
Hanbeck, Flax.  
Hangholme, Louth.  
Hannay, Cal.  
Hanworth, Lang.  
Hardbye, Bul.  
Harlaxton, Grant.  
Halton east, you're.  
Harmethorp, Avel.  
Harmyston, Booth.  
Harpswell, Asla.  
Harrington, Hill.  
Har●sholme, Booth.  
Hather, Wive.  
Hatterby west, Brod.  
Hatton.  
Hatton, Wrag.  
Ha●etholme, Flax.  
Haughe, Cal.  
Haulton, Bull.  
Haulton west, Man.  
Haulton, Horn.  
Haulton, Wrag.  
Hawardby, Brod.  
Hawsted, Gar.  
Haxley, Man.  
Hauham, Louth.  
Haysbye, Avel.  
Healing, Brod.  
Heapham, Cor.  
Heighington, Lang.  
Hekington, Asw.  
Helpringham, Asw.  
Hemingby, Gar.  
Hemswel, Asla.  
Hetost, Cal.  
Hiberstowe, Man.  
Hildich, Skir.  
Hoerbothe, Lang.  
Hoggesthorpe, Cal.  
Holbichthurne, Ellow.  
Holbeach, Ellow.  
Holbichdrove, Ellow.  
Hole great, Asw.  
Hole little, Asw.  
Holgate, Bul.  
Holland fen, Ellow.  
Hollywell, B●l.  
Homerston, Brod.  
Horbling, Avel.  
HORNCASTLE, Horn.  
Horsington, Gar.  
Horstowe, you're.  
Mere Hospital, Lang.  
Horoft, Cal.  
Houghton, Lout.  
Houghton, Cor.  
Hou●sby, Gar.  
Netham House, Avel.  
Howell, Asw.  
Howght on the mount, Love.  
Howton, Wive.  
Houlton in the clay, Bro.  
Howsham, you're.  
Howthorpe, B●l.  
Howton in the more, Wa.  
Humberston, Brod.  
Hameringham, Hill.  
Hundleby, Bul.  
Hunnington, Wive.  
Huntley▪ Bul.  
Hycham south, Booth.  
Hycham north, Booth.    


I  
S. James deeping, Nos.  
Jerinham, Bel.  
Ikwi●h cast, Wrag.  
Immingham, you're.  
Ingalsby in Beltisloe Wapent, Asw.  
Ingham, Asla.  
Ingleby, W●ll.  
Ingoldmels' Thiddlethorp, Ca  
Ingoldmels, Cand.  
Ithve, Cand.  
Itfo●d abbey, Walsh.    


C  
Keadby, Man. 

Easter Keales, Bul.  
Wester Keales, Bul.    
Ked●ington, Louth.  
Kelbye, Asw.  
Keleby, you're.  
Kellfeild, Man.  
Kellsey south, Walsh.  
Kellsey north, you're.  
Kelsterne, Louth.  
Kettlesbye, Hill.  
Ketlethorp▪ Wall,  
Kexbie, Well.  
Killingholme, you're.  
Kingerbye, Walsh.  
Kirkby, Walsh.  
Kirkby, Asw.  
Kirkby green, Lang.  
Kirby upon bane, Gar.  
Kirkby underwood▪ A.  
Kirkby east, Bul.  
Kirkseek, Grant.  
Kirksteed Abbey, Gart.  
Kirmington, you're.  
Kirmonde, Wrag.  
Kirmonde in the mire, Walsh.  
Kirton holm, Ki●.  
KIRKTON, Kirt.  
Kirton in lindsey, Cor.  
Knathe, Cor.  
Kneadbye, Man.  
Kyme north, Lang.  
Kyme south, Asw.  
Kysebye standeth in the circuit of Aveland. As.    


L  
South Lake, Nosse.  
Langerton, W●l.  
Langrike ferry, Horn.  
Langton, Hil.  
Langton, Gart.  
Langtost, Nosse.  
Langworth, Law.  
Largton, Gart.  
Laschy, Brod.  
Lawghton, Avel. 

S. Leonard, Ellow.    
Leake, Skir.  
Lebthorpe, Bell.  
Long Ledesham, Love.  
Lee, Corring.  
Legburne, Cal.  
Legsbye, Wrag.  
Lesingham. Flax.  
Levat east, Man.  
Leverton, Skir.  
Levington, Bel.  
LINCOLN, Law  
Lingwood grange, La.  
Linwood, Walsh.  
Lissington, Wrag.  
Londenthorp, Grant.  
London eastcoate, Nos.  
Longtost, Nosse.  
Longtost drane, Noss.  
Kirk Loughton, Wrag.  
Loughton, Asw.  
LOUMHE, Louth.  
Lownde, Bell.  
Ludford, Wrag.  
Luddinton, Man.  
Ludbroughe, Lud.  
Lusbye, Bul.  
Lutton burn, Ellow.  
LYMBERGH GREAT, you're.  
Lymbergh little▪ you're.    


M  
Mablethorpe, Cal.  
Maden house, Love.  
Maidewell, Louth.  
Malmton, Man.  
Maltby, Cal.  
Maltby, Louth.  
Manbye, Louth.  
Manbye, Man.  
Manesgate, Hil.  
Many, Bulling.  
Manthorp, Gran.  
Manthorp, Bell.  
Manthorp, Call.  
Marching in the Fen, Horn.  
Maring on the hill, Horn.  
Markbie, Cal.  
Martin, Gart.  
Marton, Well. 

S. mary's. Can.    
Melton rosle, you're.  
Melwood park, Man.  
Mereland, Booth.  
Merston, Love.  
Merton▪ Lang.  
Messingham, Man.  
Metheringham, Lang.  
Milthorpe, Avel.  
Minting, Gart.  
Moreby, Horn.  
Morton, Avel.  
Morton, Cor.  
Moulton, Ellow.  
Moulton chapel, Ell.  
Moulton second, Ellow.  
Muckton, Louth.    


N  
Nanelye, Booth.  
Netisham, Law.  
Nettleton, you're.  
Newfeild, you're.  
Newgate, Horn.  
Netham house, Avel.  
Newsham Abbey, you're.  
Newton, W●ll.  
Newton, Avel.  
Newton, Walsh.  
Nockton, Lang.  
Normanby, Asla.  
Normanbie, W●ll.  
Normanby, Walsh.  
Normanton, Love.  
Northorp, Corring.  
North ferebie.  
North rosbye, Brod.  
Norton Disney, Booth.  
Numbye, Cal.  
Numbye chapel, Cal.    


O  
Obthorpe, Nosse.  
Oldfeild, Law●●.  
Onebye little, Wive.  
Onebye great, Wive.  
Onlesbie, Cal.  
Orbye, Cand.  
Ormesbye north, Lud.  
Ormesbye, Hill.  
Osburnby, Avel.  
Osgarbie, Bell.  
Osgodby, Walsh.  
Otenbie, you're.  
Oumbie, Asla.  
Ouston, Man.  
Owmby, you're.  
Owresbye, Walsh.  
Oxcombe, Hill.    


P  
Panton, Wrag.  
Partney, Candle.  
Pawnton great, Grant.  
Pawnton little, Wive.  
Pickworth, Avel.  
Pikale, Ellow.  
Pilham, Corring.  
Pluckarre, Hill.  
Pointon, Avel.  
Potter, Lang●▪  
Pyncebecke, Ellow.    


Q  
QVAPLODE.  
Quarrington, Asw.  
Quodring, Kirt.    


R  
Raithby, Louth.  
Rande, Wrag.  
Randbye, Gart.  
Rasen west, Walsh.  
Rasen east, Walsh.  
Middle Rasen, Walsh.  
MARKET RASEN, Walsh.  
Ravendale east, Brod.  
Ravendale west, Brod.  
Reau●bie, Bull.  
Redborne, Man.  
Red dear park, Bel.  
Repham, Law.  
Reason north, Louth.  
Reston, Cal.  
Ribie, you're.  
Richmonton, Skir.  
Rigsbie. Cal.  
Ringston, Avel.  
Rippingall, Avel.  
Ropesley, Wive.  
Rothbye, Bul.  
Rothbye, Cand.  
Rothwell, Brod.  
South Rouceby, Flax.  
North Rouceby, Flax.  
Roughton, Gart.  
Roughton, Horn.  
Rowston, Flax.  
Roxbye, Man.  
Roxham▪ Flax.  
Ruckland, Hill.  
Ryland, Law.  
Rysbie, Man.  
Ryskington, Flax.    


S  
Salmondby, Hil.  
Saltfletby west, Louth.  
Saltfletby east, Louth.  
Middle Saltfletby, Louth.  
Saltflet haven, Louth.  
SALTFLEET, Louth.  
Saneton, Man.  
Sausthorpe, Hil.  
Sapperton, Grant.  
Sawcleefe, Man.  
Saxbie, you're.  
Saxbie.  
Saxelbie, Law.  
Scalbie, Man.  
Scamelsbie, Gart.  
Scarle north, Booth.  
Scartho, Brod.  
Scaupwich, Lang.  
Scothorne, Law.  
Scounthorp, Man.  
Scarfeild, Hil.  
Scroop, Love.  
Seamelly, Gart.  
Sempringham, Av●l.  
Sentost ferry, Man.  
Serebie, you're.  
Shepewash, Lang.  
Sidebreck, Wive.  
Sibsey, Bul.  
Silesbie, Cal.  
Silk, Asw.  
Sixill, Wrag.  
Sixill Abbey, Wrag.  
Skampton, Law.  
Skendleby, Cand.  
Skegnes, Cand.  
Skeldick, Kirt.  
Skellingthorpe, Booth.  
Skidbrough, Louth.  
Skillington, Bel.  
Skirbeck, Skir.  
Skoston, Cor.  
Skotten, Cor.  
Skottere, Cor.  
Sk●ekington, Asw.  
Skrele●bie, Gart.  
Skrembye, Can.  
Skynnard, Booth.  
SLEFORD, Flax  
Snatford, Law.  
Snelland, Wrag.  
Snitterby, Asla.  
Solesbie, Cal.  
Somerby, you're.  
Somerby, Wive.  
Somerby, Cor.  
Somerton castle, Booth.  
Sommerby, Hill.  
Sommercotes north, Love.  
Sommercotes south, Love.  
Sotbie, Wrag.  
Southerton, Kirt.  
Southorpe, Cor.  
Southrey, Gart.  
Southorpe, Bel.  
Sowthestoke, Grant.  
SPALDING, Ell.  
Spanby, Avel.  
SPILLSBY, Bul.  
Spittlegate, Wive.  
spital in the street, Asla.  
Spridlington, Asla.  
Springthorpe, Cor.  
Stain, Cal.  
Stanygot, Gart.  
Stainfeild, Wrag.  
Stainflet, Avel.  
Stainton, Wrag.  
Market Stainton, Gar.  
Stainton in the hole, Walsh.  
Stapleford, Booth.  
Stallingbourgh, you're.  
STAMFORD, Noss.  
Stamfeild, Wrag.  
Stamford baron, Nosse.  
Stanygott, Gart.  
Staynbye, Bel.  
Steeping great, Cand.  
Steeping little, Bul.  
Stickforth, Bul.  
Stickney, Bul.  
Stillington, Grant.  
Stock●orth, Cor.  
Stoke north, Wive.  
Stothy, Wrag.  
Stowe, Nosse.  
Stowe, Well.  
Stowe, Avel.  
Streglethorpe, Love.  
Strawghton, Grunt.  
Stretton, Well.  
Strotton, Wive.  
Strobby, Cal.  
Stubby, Cal.  
Stukeswold, Gar.  
Stubton, Love.  
Stuton, Gar.  
Sturton great, Gar.  
Stutton, Louth.  
Sudbroke, Law.  
Sudbrooke, Love.  
Surfacer, Kirt.  
Suridlington, Asla.  
Sutterby, Cand.  
Sutto●, Cal.  
Sutton, Love.  
Sutton burn, Ellow.  
Sutton S. edmond's, Ellow.  
Sutton S. James, Ellow.  
Sutton S. mary's, Ellow.  
Sutton S. leonard's, Ellow  
Swabye, Cal.  
Swafeild, Bel.  
Swallow, Brod.  
Swaton, Avel.  
Swineshead, Kir.  
Swinestead, Bel.  
Swinehop, Walsh.  
Swinethorpe, Wrag.  
Swynerton, Booth.  
Sydebrooke, Wive.    


T  
Taland, Man.  
Tathwell, Louth.  
Tattershall chase, Gart.  
TATTERSHALL, Ga.  
Tayntons', Horn.  
Taynton lower, Horn.  
Taynton higher, Horn.  
Tedd S. mary's, Ellow.  
Temple brewer, Flax.  
Thetsord, Hill.  
Teuleby, Walsh.  
Thatleby, Noss.  
Theddlethorps', Cal.  
Theresthorpe, Cal.  
Theresway, Walsh.  
Theresbie, Brod.  
Thiniok, Cor.  
Thimelby, Horn.  
Thimel●y Gart.  
THONG CASTLE, Brod.  
Tharganby, Brod.  
Thorganbye, Walsh.  
Thor●bye australis, Cal.  
Thorn, Man.  
Thornham, Man.  
Thornton, Gar.  
Thornton, you're.  
Thornton in the more, Wal.  
Thornton curtis, you're.  
Thorpe▪ you're.  
Thorpe, Law.  
Thorpe, Lang.  
Thorpe, Cand.  
Thorpe, Bul.  
Thorpe on the mount, Booth.  
Thorsthorp, Cal.  
Thirsthorp, Law.  
Thurlebye, Booth.  
Thursthorp, Cal.  
Timberland, Lang.  
Tollington, Nosse.  
Torksey in the circuit of Aslaco wap. La.  
Tost, Bell.  
Tost, Walsh.  
Tothill, Cal.  
Totney, Brod.  
The Tower, Gart.  
Towes, Walsh.  
Toynton, Bull.  
Trent Flu.  
Tumbey, Horn.  
Thurleby, Cal.  
Turrington East, Wrag.  
Terrington West, Wrag.  
Tu●ham, Gart.  
Tylney, Lang.    


V  
Vanby Abbey, Bel.  
Vffington, Nosse.  
Vlsebye, you're.  
Vlsebye, Cal.  
Vpton, Well.  
Vsselbye, Walsh.  
Vtterby, Lud.    


W  
Waddingham, Man.  
Waddington, Booth.  
Waddington, Linc.  
Waddingworth, Gar.  
Wailesbye, Well.  
WAINFLEET, Can.  
Waithe, Brod.  
Walcotts, Man.  
Walcott, Lang.  
Walcott, Avel.  
Waldram hall, Nos.  
Wallton, Wive.  
Walshcrost, Walsh.  
Waltuth, Cor.  
Waltting, Cor.  
Waltham, Brod.  
Waplade drove, P●r.  
Wapton, W●v●.  
Warton, Cor.  
Washenburgh, Lan.  
Water Willowby, Avel.  
Welbourne, Booth.  
Welbye, Wive.  
Well, Cal.  
Wellane Flu.  
Wellinghore, Booth.  
Welton, Can.  
Welton, Law.  
Welton, Louth.  
Wostborough, Louth.  
Westby, Bel.  
Weston, Ellow.  
Westwood, Man.  
Whapledd, Ellow.  
Whiconbye, Wrag.  
Whitton, Man.  
Whystye, Booth.  
Wiberton road, Kirt.  
Wickham Ellow.  
Wigtost, Kirt.  
Wikam, Wrag.  
Wikkenbye, Wrag.  
Wilberton, Kirt.  
Wildmore sen, Horn.  
Wildsworth, Cor.  
Willingham south, Wrag.  
Willingham north, Wals.  
Willingham, Asla.  
Willingham, Well.  
Willisforth, Wive.  
Willoughby, Cal.  
Willowby, Love.  
Willowby, Asw.  
Willsby, Horn.  
Wilsthorpe, Nosse.  
Winceby, Hill.  
Wingsby, Bulling.  
Winthorpe, Cand.  
Wintringham, Man.  
Wintrington, Man.  
Wispington, Gar.  
Witham north, Bel.  
Witham south, Bel.  
Witham, Bel.  
Witham Flu.  
Withcall, Louth.  
Witherne, Cal.  
Witlingham, Law.  
Woodhall, Gar.  
Woodthorpe, Cal.  
Wollstrope, Gran.  
Work, Man.  
Worlaby, you're.  
Wotron, you're.  
Wowld Newton, Brod.  
Wragholme, Lud.  
Wrangle, Skir.  
Wragby, Wrag.  
Wraubie, you're.  
Wrighthold, Avel.  
Wyllyton, Asla.  
Wylsthorp, Noss.  
Wyngall, Walsh.  
Wysham, Lud.  
Wytham, Bel.    


Y  
Yarburgh, Louth.      

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. CHAPTER XXXIII.  

The name of Nottingham.  NOTTINGHAMSHIRE (from Nottingham her chiefest Town hath the name; and that, somewhat softened from the Saxons Snoddengaham, for the many Dens or Caves wrought in her Rocks and underground) lieth bordered upon the North and Northwest with Yorkshire; 
The Borders.  upon the East a good distance by Trent is parred from, and with Lincolnshire; altogether confined: the South with Leicester-shire and the West by the River Erwash is separated from Derbyshire.  

The Form.  (2) For form long and Ovall-wise, doubling in length twice her breadth, whose extremes are thus extended and distance observed: From Finingley North to Steanford in the South, are thirty eight English miles; her West part from Teversall to Besthorp in the East are little more than nineteen; whose circumference draweth much upon one hundred and ten miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is good, wholesome, and delectable; the Soil is rich, sandy, and clayie, as by the names of that Counties divisions may appear: and surely for Corn and Grass so fruitful, that it secondeth any other in the Realm: and for Water, Woods, and Canell Coals abundantly stored.  

Commodities.  (4) Therein groweth a Stone softer than Alabaster, but being burnt maketh a plaster harder than that of Paris: wherewith they floor their upper rooms; for betwixt the joists they lay only long Bulrushes, and thereon spread this Plaster, which being throughly dry becomes most solid and hard, so that it seemeh rather to be firm stone then mortar, and is trod upon without all danger.  
In the West near Worksop groweth plenty of Liquorice very delicious and good.  

Battles.  (5) More South in this Shire, at Stoke, in the Reign of King Henry the seventh, a great battle was fought by john Delapole Earl of Lincoln, which Richard the Usurper had declared his Heir apparent, but Richard losing his life, and Delapole his hopes, in seeking here to set up a Lambert, fell down himself: and at Newarke after many troubles King john got his peace with the end of his life.  
(6) Trade and commerce for the Country's provision is frequented in eight Market-Towns in this Shire, 
Nottingham.  whereof Nottingham is both the greatest and best: a Town seated most pleasant and delicate upon a high hill, for buildings stately, and number of fair streets surpassing and surmounting many other Cities, and for a spacious and most fair Market place doth compare with the best. Many strange Vaults hewed out of the rocks, in this Town are seen; 
R●g. Hoved.  and those under the Castle of an especial note, one for the Story of Christ's Passion engraven in the Walls, 
Asserius  and cut by the hand of David the second King of Scots, 
I●gul●his.  whilst he was therein detained prisoner. Another wherein Lord Mortimer was surprised in the nonage of King Edward the third, 
Hen▪ Hunting.  ever since bearing the name of Mortimer's Hole; these have their stairs and several rooms made artificially even out of the Rocks: as also in that hill are dwelling houses with winding stairs, windows, chimneys, and room above room, wrought all out of the solid Rock. The Castle is strong, and was kept by the Danes against Burthred, Ethelred, and Elfred, the Mercian, and West-Saxon Kings, who together laid their siege against it: and for the further strength of the Town King Edward, surnamed the Elder, walled it about, whereof some part as yet remains, from the Castle to the West-gate, and thence the foundation may be perceived to the North; where in the midst of the way ranging with this bank, stands a gate of Stone, and the same tract passing along the North part may well be perceived: the rest to the River, and thence to the Castle are built upon, and thereby buried from sight: whose circuit, as I took it, extendeth two thousand one hundred and twenty pases.  
(7) In the wars betwixt Stephen and Maud the Empress, by Robert Earl of Gloucester these Walls were cast down, when also the Town itself suffered the calamity of fire: but recovered to her former estate, hath since increased in beauty and wealth, and at this day is governed by a Mayor and six Aldermen, clad in scarlet, two Sheriffs, two Chamberlains, a Town-clerke, and six Sergeants with Maces, their attenders: whose position hath the pole elevated fifty three degrees, 25. minutes in Latitude, and hath the Meridian nine degrees and 25. minutes. This town hath been honoured by these Prince's titles, and these Princes dignified with the Earldom of Nottingham, whose several Arms in the Card itself is inserted to sight. Religious houses that have been erected and now suppressed in the compass of this County, 
Places of Religion erected and suppressed.  chiefly were Newsted, Lenton, Shelford, Southwell, Thurgarton, Blithe, Welbeck and Radford; in Nottingham the White and Grey Friars, besides a little Chapel dedicated to S. john. All which show the devotions of those former times: which their remembrance may move, if not condemn us, that have more knowledge, but far less piety.  
The Shires division is principally into two: 
The Shires division.  which the Inhabitants term the Sand and the Clay, but for Tax to the Crown, or service for State, is parted into eight Wapentakes or Hundreds, wherein are seated 168. Parish-Churches.   map of Nottinghamshire 
THE COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM described THE SHIRE TOWNS SITUATION AND THE EARLS THERE OF observed  


1. BAssetlawe, Wapen.  
2. Northclay, Divis.  
3. Southclay, Division.  
4. Newarke, Wapentake.  
5. Broxtow, Wapentake.  
6. Thurgarton, Wapent.  
7. Bingham, Wapentake.  
8. Rushcliffe, Wapentake.   


A  
Akering, Southclay.  
Akley, Basset.  
Allerton, Basset.  
S. Ambrose, Bing.  
Ampton, Southclay.  
Ansley, Brox.  
Ansley woodhouse, Brox.  
Arnold, Brox.  
Ashfeild, Brox.  
Askam, Southclay.  
Astakton, Bing.  
Attenton, Brox.    


B  
Babworth, Bosset.  
Balderton, New.  
Bantree, Basset.  
Basford, Brox.  
Basingfield, Bing.  
Barley grange, Thurg.  
Barmby in the willows, New.  
Barmby on the more, Bas.  
Barnston, Bing.  
Barton, Rush.  
Beckingham, Northclay.  
Belam, Northclay.  
Bellon, Southclay.  
Benall, Brox.  
Bernthorp, New.  
Beskwood lodge, Brox.  
Bestwood park, Brox.  
Besthorp, New.  
Beston, Brox.  
Bilborow, Brox.  
Bilsthorp, Southclay.  
Bingham, Bing.  
Bircotes, Basset.  
Bleasbie, Thurg.  
Blodworth, Brox.  
BLITHE, Basset.  
Bole, Northclay.  
Boucot, Thurg.  
Boughton, Basset.  
Bothmusall, Basset.  
Bradmeere, Rush.  
Bramcot, Brox.  
Bridgeford East, Bing.  
Bridgeford West, Rush.  
Brimsley, Brox.  
Brodham, New.  
Nether Broughton, Bing.  
Budly, Basset.  
Bulwell, Bro.  
Bunney, Rush.  
Burton, Thurg.  
Burton West, Northclay.  
Bilbie, Basset.    


C  
Calverton, Thurg.  
Carberton, Basset.  
Carletons', Basset.  
Carleton, Thurg. 3.  
Carleton, Thurg. 3.  
Carleton, Thurg. 3.  
Carroulston, Bing.  
Caunton, Thurg.  
Chilwill, Brox.  
Claworth, Northclay.  
Claerbourgh, Northclay.  
Clifton North, New.  
Clifton South, New.  
Clyfton, Bing.  
Clunther, Basset.  
Clipston, Rush.  
Clipston, Basset.  
Coddington, New.  
Codgrave, Bing.  
Codlingstocke, Rush.  
Collingham North, New.  
Collingham South, New.  
Colwick, Thurg.  
Cossall, Brox.  
Cotes, Northclay.  
Cotham, Northclay.  
Cotham, New.  
Coulston, Bing.  
Coulston Basset, Bing.  
Cropwell Bishop, Bing.  
Cropwell Butlet, Bing.  
Crumwell, Thurg.    


D  
Darleton, Northclay.  
Draiton West, Basset.  
Draiton East, Southclay.  
Dorkard, Brox.  
Dunham, Southclay.    


E  
Easter Leake, Rush.  
Eton, Southclay.  
Edwalton, Rush.  
Edwinstow, Basset.  
Egmanton, Southclay.  
Elkesley, Basset.  
Elston, New.  
Elton, Bing.  
Eperston, Thurg.  
Erwash Flu.  
Estwood, Brox.  
Everton, Northclay.    


F  
Farindon, New.  
Farnesfeild, Thurg.  
Felly, Brox.  
Fenton, Northclay.  
Fiskerton, Thurg.  
Fledborough, Thurg.  
Flintham, Bing.  
Flixthorp, Basset.  
Fymingley, Basset.  
Fleet Flu.    


G  
Gamston, Southclay.  
Gaitforth, Basset.  
Girton, New.  
Godling, Thurg.  
Gonalston, Thurg.  
Gotham, Rush.  
Granby, Bing.  
Gresthorpe, Thurg.  
Griesley, Brox.  
Gringley on the hill, Nor  
Gringley, Northclay.  
Grove Southclay.  
Gunthorp, Thurg.    


H  
Hablestorp, Northclay.  
Halam, Thurg.  
Hallington, Thurg.  
Hanton, Thurg.  
Hardwick, Brox.  
Hareby, New.  
Harworth, Basset.  
Haverham, Thurg.  
Hawksworth, Bing.  
Hawton, New.  
Haiton, Northclay.  
Headon, Southclay.  
Heddingley, Thurg.  
Hexgrave park, Thurg.  
Hickling, Bing.  
Hockerton, Thurg.  
Hodsokes, Basset.  
Hokdike Flu.  
Holbeck Woodhouse, Basset.  
Holme, Bing.  
Holme, New.  
Horringham, Thurg.  
Houghton, Basset.  
Hucknall, Brox.    


I  
Idle Flu.  
Idleton, Southclay.    


K  
Keeton, Bing.  
Kellam, Thurg.  
Kersall, Thurg.  
Keyworth, Rush.  
Kimberley, Brox.  
Kingston, Rush.  
Kirkby, Brox.  
Kirklington, Thurg.  
Kirton, Southclay. 2.  
Kirton, Southclay. 2.  
Knesall, Thurg.  
Kynolton, Bing.  
Kynston, Rush.    


L  
Lamley, Thurg.  
La●gar, Bing.  
Langforth, New.  
Langhton lodge, Brox.  
Langham, Southclay.  
Laxton, Southclay.  
Lenton, Brox.  
Leverton South, Northc.  
Leverton North, Northc.  
Linby, Brox.  
LITTLE-BROUGH, North.  
Lodge in the wowld, B'ing.  
Lowdham, Thurg.  
Lynhurst wood, Brox.    


M  
Manner, Basset.  
MANSFEILD, Brox.  
Mansfield Woodhouse, Brox.  
Markham East, South.  
Markham West, South.  
Marnham, Thurg.  
Maplebeck, Thurg.  
Mattersey, Basset.  
Maun Flu.  
Mering, New.  
Missen, Basset.  
Misterton, Northclay.  
Morehouse, Southclay.  
Morton, Thurg.  
Muscombe South, Thu.  
Muscombe North, Th.    


N  
NEWARKE, New.  
Newsted, Bro.  
Newthorp, Bro.  
Normanton upon Sore, Rush.  
Normanton, Basset.  
Normanton, Thurg.  
Norton Cucknie, Bas.  
Norwell, Thurg.  
NOTTINGHAM, Thu.  
Nutthall, Brox.    


O  
Ordsall, Basset.  
Orston, Bing.  
Osburton, Basset.  
Ossington, Thurg.  
Ouldcots, Basset.  
Ourney, Basset.  
Owthorpe, Bing.  
Oxton, Thurg.    


P  
Paplewick, Brox.  
Parklathes, Thurg.  
Plumtree, Rush.  
Perlethorpe, Basset.    


R  
Radford, Brox.  
Radforth, Basset.  
Ragnell, South.  
Rampton, Southclay.  
Ranskill, Basset.  
Ratcliffe upon Sore, Rush.  
Ratcliffe, upon Trent, Bing.  
REDFORD, North.  
Remston, Rush.  
Roulston, Thurg.  
Ruddington, Rush.  
Rughford, Basset.    


S  
Saundby, Northclay.  
Saxendale, Bing.  
Scarrington, Bing.  
Scofton, Basset.  
Screveton, Bing.  
Scrooby, Basset.  
Selston, Brox.  
Shelford, Bing.  
Shel●ord Abbey, Bing.  
Sherewood forest, B'ing.  
Shelton, New.  
Sibthorpe, New.  
Skarle South, New.  
Skarle North, New.  
Skegby, Brox.  
Slauford, Rush.  
SOUTHWELL, Thu.  
Soveam, Basset.  
Spadworth, New.  
Stanford, Rush.  
Stapleford, Brox.  
Staunton, New.  
Staunton, Bing.  
Stockwit●h, Northclay.  
Stoke, New.  
Stoke, Thurg.  
Stokham, Southclay.  
Strelley, Brox.  
Stretford East, Northc.  
Sturrop, Basset.  
Sturton, Northclay.  
Surlby, Basset.  
Sutton, Brox.  
Sutton, Bing.  
Sutton, Thurg.  
Sutton upon Lound, Basset.  
Sutton Bonington, Ru.  
Sweynton, Thurg.  
Syerston, New.    


T  
Terleton, Rush.  
Teversall, Brox.  
Thorny, New.  
Thorney wood, Bas.  
Thoroton, Bing.  
Thorpe, New.  
Thorpe, Basset.  
Thowresby, Basset.  
Thurmpton, Rus.  
Thurgarston, Thurg.  
Tilney, Northclay.  
Tollaston, Bing.  
Torworth, Basset.  
Towto, Brox.  
Triswell, Southclay.  
Trent Flu.  
Trowel, Brox.  
Tuxford, South.  
Tythby, Bing.    


V  
Upton, Thurg.  
Upton, Southclay.    


W  
Waerton, Bing.  
Walesby, basset.  
Wallam, Northclay.  
Walley, basset.  
Walkeringham, Nort.  
Wansley, bro.  
Warnham, Thurg.  
Warsope, basset.  
Watnall, brox.  
Welbeck Abbey, bass.  
Welley, Southclay.  
Wester Leake, Rus.  
Westerford, basset.  
Weston, Thurg.  
Whatton, b'ing.  
Wheatley North, Northcl.  
Wheatley South, Northclay.  
Whit Water Flu.  
Widmerepoole, Rus.  
Wiest, Northclay.  
Wiggesley, New.  
Wilford, Rus.  
Willoughby, Rus.  
Willoughby, Thurg.  
Winkborne, New.  
Winthorpe, New.  
Wisall, Rus.  
Woldingwels, basset.  
Wollerton, brox.  
Woodborow, Thurg.  
Woodthorpe, Thurg.  
WORKSOP, Basset.      

DERBYSHIRE, which the English Saxons called Deorbicire, 
The bounds of Darby-scire.  lieth enclosed upon her North parts with Yorkshire; upon the East with Nottinghamshire; upon the South with Leicester-shire; and upon the West is parted with the River's Dove and Goyt from Stafford and Chesse-shires.  

The form.  (2) It is in form somewhat triangle, though not of any equal distance, growing from her narrow South-point still wider, and in the North is at the broadest: for from Stretton near the head of Mese, to New Chapel seated near the head of Derwent, 
The Length.  the two extremes from North to South are thirty eight miles: but from the Shire-Oakes unto the meeting of Mersey and Goyt, 
The Breadth.  the broadest part of all this Shire, is not fully twenty-nine; 
The Circumference.  the whole in circumference extendeth to an hundred and thirty miles.  

The Air. The Soil.  (3) The Air is good, and very healthful: the soil is rich, especially in her South and East parts: but in the North and West is hilly, with a black and mossy ground, both of them fast-handed to the Ploughers pains, though very liberal in her other gifts: whose natures thus dissenting, the River Derwent doth divide asunder, that taketh course thorough the heart or midst of this County.  

The ancient people.  (4) The ancient people that possessed these parts in the times of the Romans assaults, were the Coritani, whom Ptolemie disperseth thorough Northampton, Leicester, Rutland, Lincoln, Nottingham, and this Shire, who were all of them subdued by P. Ostorius Scapula, 
Tacit. An. l. 12. cap 8.  Lieutenant in this Province for Claudius the Emperor. But Rome's Empire failing in Britain, by the intestine wars among themselves, the Saxons (a more savage and fearful Nation) soon brought it under their subjection, and made this a Province unto their Mercians Kingdom, whom the Westsaxons first won, and again lost to the Normans.  

The Commodities.  (5) It is stored with many Commodities, and them of much worth; for besides woods and cattle, sheep and corn, every where overspreading the face of this County, the Millstone, Crystal, & Alabaster, the Mines of Pit-coale, Iron, and Led, are of great price: whereof the last is mentioned in Pliny, who writeth, 
Pliny.  that in Britain, in the very crust of the ground, without any deep digging, is gotten so great store of Lead, that there is a Law expressly made of purpose, forbidding men to make more than to a certain stint. Whose stones are plenteously gotten in those Mountains, and melted into Sows, to no small profit of the Country. There is found also in certain veins of the earth, Stibium, which the Apothecaries call Antimonium, and the Alchemists hold in great esteem.  

Derby.  (6) Places for commerce, or memorable note, the first is Derby the Shire-towne, called in the English Saxon-Tongue Nordhwodrhig, 
Athelward.  and by the Danes Deoraby, seated upon the West bank of Derwent, where also a small Brook rising westward, runneth thorough the Town under nine Bridges, before it meets with her far greater River Derwent, which presently it doth, after she hath passed Tenant Bridge in the Southeast of the Town. 
Saint Mary's Bridge.  But a Bridge of more beauty, built all of Freestone, is passed over Derwent in the North-East of the Town, whereon standeth a fair stone Chapel, and both of them bearing the names of Saint mary's: five other Churches are in this Town, the chiefest whereof is called All-hallows, whose Steeple or Bell-Tower being both beautiful and high, was built only at the charges of young men and maids, as is witnessed by the inscription cut in the same upon every square of the Steeple. Among the miserable desolations of the Danes, this Town bore a part, but by Lady Ethelfleda was a gain repaired, and is at this day incorporated with the yearly government of two Bailiffs elect out of twenty-foure brethren, besides as many Burgesses of Common-counsel, a Recorder, Town-Clerke, and two Sergeants with Mace: whose Graduation is observed from the Equator to be 53. degrees, 25. scruples, and from the first point in the West, 19 degrees, 2. scruples.  
(7) Little-Chester (by the Romish Money there daily found) seemeth to have been ancient, 
Little-Chester.  and that a Colony of the Roman Soldiers there lay. Yet of far greater fame was Repandunum, now Repton, 
Repton.  where Ethelbald the ninth King of the Mercians, & fifteenth Monarch of the Englishmen, slain at Seggeswald by the treason of his subjects, was interred: and whence Burthred, the last King of that people, was expulsed with his Queen Ethelswith, by the rage of the Danes, after twentie-two years reign. But with a more pleasing eye we may behold Melborne, 
Melborne.  the memorial of English-mens great valour, where in that Castle was kept Prisoner john Duke of Bourbon, taken captive in the Battle of Agincourt, and therein detained the space of nineteen years.  
(8) Things of stranger note are the hot Water-springs, bursting forth of the ground at Buxton, 
Buxton Well.  where out of the rock within the compass of eight yards, nine springs arise, eight of them warm, but the ninth very cold. These run from under a fair square building of Freestone, and about threescore paces off, receive another hot spring from a Well, enclosed with four flat stones, called S. Annes; near unto which, another very cold spring bubled up. The report goeth among the by-dwellers, that great cures by these waters have been done: but daily experience showeth, that they are good for the stomach and sinews, and very pleasant to bathe the body in. Not far thence is Elden-hole, 
Elden-hole.  whereof strange things have been told, and this is confidently affirmed, the waters that trickle from the top of that Cave (which indeed is very spacious, but of a low and narrow entrance) do congeal into stone, and hang as ickles in the roof. Some of them were showed at my being there, which like unto such as the frost congealeth, were hollow within, and grew Taper-wise towards their points, very white, and somewhat Crystall-like. And seven miles thence, upon a mounted hill, standeth a Castle, under which there is a hole or Cave in the ground of a marvellous capacity, which is commonly called The Devil's Arse in the Peake, 
Devil's Arse in the Peake.  whereof Gervose of Tilbury hath told many pretty tales, and others do make it one of the wonders of our Land.  
(9) As in other Counties the devotions of the religious have been made apparent in the erection of places for God's peculiar service; 
Religious houses.  so in this have been founded 8. of that nature, which were Dale, Derelege, Derby, Repton, Bechif, Graiesley, Faverwell, and Pollewerke: whose peace and plenty stood secure from all danger, till the blustering winds arising in the reign of King Henry the eight, blew off the pinnacles of their beauteous buildings, and shook asunder the revenues of those Foundations which never are like again to be laid.  
(10) This Shire is divided into six Hundreds wherein have been seated seven Castles, 
The division of Derbyshire.  and is still traded with eight Market-Towns, and replenished with one hundred and six Parish-Churches: whose names follow in the Table annexed.   map of Derbyshire 
Anno DARBIESHIRE described 1610  


HUNDREDS in Derbyshire.  
1. HIghpeak Hu.  
2. Scarsdale H.  
3 Worksworth Wap.  
4 Morleston & Lytchurch H  
5. Appletrie Hund.  
6. Reppington & Gresly H.   


A  
Abney, Peak.  
Alderousley, Apple.  
Aldwarke, Work.  
Alderwashley, Work.  
Allestree, Morl.  
ALLFRETON, Scar.  
Alsoppe, Work.  
Aluaston, Morl.  
Ambaston, Morl.  
Amber Flu.  
Appleby▪ Rep.  
Arlaston, Apple.  
Aston, Peak.  
Atlowe, Apple.  
Aulkmanton, Apple.  
Aulport, Peak.  
Aulton, Scar.  
Ashe, Apple.  
ASHBORNE, Work.  
Ashford, Peak.  
Ashlchay, Apple.  
Ashover, Scar.  
Aston, Scar.  
Aston upon Trent, Mor.  
Auton, Apple.    


B  
Bakewell, Peak.  
Ballidor, Work.  
BANKEWELL, Peak.  
Barbrough, Scar.  
Barley, Scar.  
barrow, Morl.  
Barwardcote, Morl.  
Baslow, Peak.  
Beardhall, Peak.  
Bechif Abbey, Scar.  
Beighton, Scar.  
Belay chapel, Scar.  
Belghe, Scar.  
Belpar, Apple.  
Bentley fenny, Work.  
Bentley, Appl.  
Hungary Bentley. Appl.  
Birchhill, Peak.  
Blackwell, Scar.  
Blaugherby, Rep.  
Bothmusoill, Peak.  
Bousover, Scar.  
Bouthe nether, Peak.  
Bouteshall, Work.  
Bowdon, Peak.  
Bowdon Middlecall, Peak.  
Bowlton, Morl.  
Boylston, Appl.  
Bradburne, Work.  
Bradford Flu.  
Bradley, Appl.  
Bradfall, Marl.  
Bradwell, Peak.  
Braiston, Morl.  
Brakenfeild, Scar.  
Bralesford, Appl.  
Brainford, Peak.  
Bramton, Scar.  
Brassington, Work.  
Bredfall, Appl.  
Bretbye, Rep.  
Brinington, Scar.  
Church Broughtor, Appl.  
Burbrok Flu.  
Burton blunt, Apple.  
Burghe, Peak.  
Butterley. Morl.  
Buxton Well, Peak.    


C  
Caldwall, Rep.  
Calke, Rep.  
Calew, Scar.  
Carlingthwart hall, Scar.  
Carson, Work  
Castleton, Peak  
Castle in the peake, Peak.  
Catton, Rep.  
Cawlow, Work.  
Codnor, Morl.  
Cawner, Peak.  
Cawton, Peak.  
Chadesdon, Morl.  
Chalesworth, Peak.  
Chamber in the forest, Peak.  
New Chapel, Peak  
chapel IN THE FRITH, Peak  
Chattesden, Appl.  
Chattesworth, Scar.  
Chellaston, Rep.  
Chelmarton, Peak.  
Chester eton, Morl.  
CHESTER FEILD, Sc.  
Chilcot, Rep.  
Church broughton, Ap.  
Clapwell, Scar.  
Clinton, Scar.  
Clown, Scar.  
Clownchurch, Scar.  
Clyfton, Morl.  
Clyfton, Appl.  
Codner, Morl.  
Codner Castle, Morl.  
Compton, Morl.  
Corther, Scar.  
Coton, Rep.  
Cowdale, Peak.  
Cowlowe, Peak.  
Crawloe Flu.  
Creswell, Scar.  
Crich, Morl.  
Crich chase, Morl.  
Crougston, Work.  
Croxall, Rep.  
Crumforth, Work.  
Cubley, Appl.    


D  
Dalbury lees, Appl.  
Dale, Morl.  
DERBY, Morl.  
Darleygh, Morl.  
Darley, Peak.  
Darley hall, Scar.  
Darwell Flu.  
Darwen chapel, Peak.  
Denby, Morl.  
Dethick, Work.  
Dove Flu.  
Dove bridge, Appl.  
Dower, Scar.  
Draklowe, Rep.  
Dranfeild, Scar.  
Draycot, Morl.  
Duckmanton, Scar.  
Duffeild, Appl.  
Dunfeild, Morl.  
Dunston, Scar.    


E  
Eton, Work.  
Eton, Appl.  
Eton long, Morl.  
Eckelsborne Flu.  
Edall, Peak.  
Edall, Peak  
Edlaston, Appl.  
Edleston hall, Scar.  
Edynsar, Peak.  
Egington, Morl.  
Eham, Peak.  
Eissington, Work.  
Ekington, Scar.  
Elden hall, Peak.  
Elmeton, Scar.  
Elton, Work.  
Elwall, Appl.  
Elwaston, Morl.  
Erewashe Flu.  
Eveley.    


F  
Fatters field. Peak.  
Fernhouses, Peak.  
Findern, Morl  
Flaghouses, Peak.  
Follow, Peak.  
Formarke, Rep.  
Foston, Appl.  
Foxholes, Peak.  
Frithley, Morl.  
Furland hall, Scar.    


G  
Glapwell, Scar.  
Gledles, Scar.  
Glossoppe, Peak.  
Gratton, Wor.  
Gresley castle, Rep.  
Gresley, Rep.  
Grinsowe, Peak.    


H  
Hadden hall, Peak.  
Hadden Ouell, Peak.  
Kirke halam, Morl.  
halam west, Morl.  
Hanley, Scar.  
Hardwick, Scar.  
Hartington, Wor.  
Hartley hall, Peak.  
Hartshorne, Rep.  
Hartwood grange, Scar.  
Hassep, Peak.  
Hathersedge, Peak.  
Hatton, Appl.  
Heanor, Morl.  
Heath, Scar.  
Heathfeild, Peak.  
Hethcote, W●rk.  
Higham, Scar.  
Higham, Scar.  
Hilton, Appl.  
Hogmaston, Work.  
Holbroke, Morl.  
Holland, Appl.  
Hollington, Appl.  
Holmehall, Scar.  
Hoones, Appl.  
Hope, Peak.  
Hopton, Work.  
Hopwell, Morl.  
Horeston castle, Morl.  
Horsley, Morl.  
Houghton, Scar.  
Hounsfeild, Scar.  
Hucklow great, Peak.  
Hucklow little, Peak.  
Huckney, Scar.  
Hugh park, Wor.  
Hussington grange▪ Wor.  
Hyghlow, Peak.    


I  
Iberb Flu.  
Ible, Work.  
Iheo, Work.  
Ilkeston, Morl.  
Ingleby, Rep.  
Inkersell, Scar.  
Ireton kirk, Work.  
Ireton little, Appl.    


K  
Kedleston, Appl.  
Kilborne, Morl.  
Kilmarsh, Scar.  
Knynsynton, Wor.  
Knyveton, Wor.    


L  
Langford, Apple.  
Kirke Langley, Morl.  
Langley meanell, Appl.  
Langley, Morl.  
Lang with Over, Scar.  
Lasco, Morl.  
Lea, Wor.  
Lees hall, Appl.  
Linton, Rep.  
Litchurch, Morl.  
Lithkell Flu.  
Longston, Peak.  
Lullington, Rep.  
Lytton, Peak.    


M  
Makeney, M●rl.  
Mapperley, Appl.  
Mappleton, Wor.  
Marketon, Morl.  
Markworth, Morl.  
Marlock▪ Wor.  
Marston, Appl.  
Marston Montgomery, Appl.  
Measo Flu.  
Measam, Rep.  
Melburne, Rep.  
Melburne castle, Rep.  
meler chapel, Peak.  
Mersey Flu.  
Mersh hall, Peak.  
Middleton, Wor.  
Middleton stony, Peak.  
Mircaston, Appl.  
Monyashe, Peak.  
Morehouses, Scar.  
Morley, Morl.  
Morley park, Morl.  
Morton, Scar.  
Mogington, Appl.  
Mylnhouse, Peak.  
Mylntown, Scar.  
Mylton, Rep.    


N  
Nedam grange, Wor.  
Netherthorpe, Scar.  
Newhold, Scar.  
Newmedow, Peak.  
Newton kings, Rep.  
Newton stony, Rep.  
Norbery, Appl.  
Normanton, Scar.  
Normanton, Rep.  
Normanton south, Scar.  
Norton, Scar.  
Now Flu.  
Nowstoole hill, Peak.    


O  
Oclebrook, Morl.  
Ogston, Scar.  
Okesgreene, Appl.  
Okethorpe, Rep.  
Oscote, Wor.  
Oslaston, Appl.  
Osmaston, Rep.  
Osmaston, Appl.  
Over great, Morl.  
Over little, Morl.  
Ouston, Scar.  
Owlerset, Peak.  
Oxcroft, Scar.    


P  
Padley, Peak.  
Palterton, Scar.  
Parwich, Wor.  
Peake forest, Peak.  
Pentrich, Morl.  
Pilsey, scar.  
Pilsey, Peak.  
Pilsbury grange, Wor.  
Pinxton, scar.  
Pleasley, scar.  
Posther wood, Appl.    


Q  
Quarndon, Morl.    


R  
Radburne, Appl.  
Rauslaton, Rep.  
Rawston, Appl.  
Reppington, Rep.  
Rewthorp, scar.  
Ridgehall, Peak.  
Ripley, Morl.  
Rodsley, Appl.  
Rossend, Appl.  
Rother Flu.  
Rowland, Peak.  
Rowesley, peak.  
Rowetsley hall, scar.  
Rowthorpe, scar.  
Rysley, Morl.    


S  
Sandeacree, Morl.  
Saperton, Apple.  
Sawloe, Morl.  
Scarcliffe, Scar.  
Scropton, Apple.  
Scale grange, Rep.  
Seal nether, Rep.  
Seal over, Rep  
Sharlowe, Morl.  
Shatton, Peak.  
Shawcrosse, Peak.  
Sheldon, Peak.  
Sherbroke, Scar.  
Shirley, Appl.  
Shipley, Morl.  
Shire Okes, Scar.  
Shirland, Scar.  
Shotley park, Apple.  
Sinsold, Appl.  
Smalley, Morl.  
Smethike, Rep.  
Smisbye, Rep.  
Snytter, Wor.  
Somercotes, Scar.  
Somersall herbert, Appl.  
Spundon, Appl.  
Staden, Peak.  
Stainton, Peak.  
Stanclyff, Scar.  
Standley, Appl.  
The Stand, Scar.  
Staneley, Scar.  
Stanley, Morl.  
Stanton, Rep.  
Stanton ward, Rep.  
Stanton next dal, Morl.  
Stapenhall, Rep.  
Starndalle, Peak.  
Kings Standalle, Peak.  
Steed, Appl.  
Steinesbie, scar.  
Steinston, Apple.  
Stoke hall, scar.  
Stretton, scar.  
Stretton, Rep.  
Stubley, scar.  
Sturton, Appl.  
Sutton upon the hill, Appl.  
Sutton, scar.  
Suelston, Appl.  
Swadlingcote, Rep.  
Swaley, Morl.  
Swanwick, scar.  
Swarkeston, Rep.  
Sydbury, Appl.    


T  
Taddington, Peak.  
Tansley, Wor.  
Tansley, scar.  
Tharsethall, Peak.  
Therlesbouth, Peak.  
Thornell, Peak.  
Thorpe, Wor.  
Thurleston, Morl.  
Thurvaston, Appl.  
Tibehelf, scar.  
TIDDESWELL, Peak.  
Tiffinton, Wor.  
Tiknall, Rep.  
Topton, scar.  
Tottley, scar.  
Trinity chapel, Scar.  
Tresley, Appl.  
Tunsted, Peak.  
Turndiche, Appl.  
Twyford, Appl.    


V  
Vlgathorp, scar.  
Underwood, Work.    


W  
Wadshelfe, scar.  
Wakebridge hall, scar.  
Walton, scar.  
Walton upon Trent, Rep.  
Warclowe, Peak.  
Warmsawdale, Peak.  
Washington, scar.  
Watstanwell bridge, Scar.  
Wedingwell, Peak.  
Welne great, Morl.  
Welne little, Morl.  
Wensley, Work.  
Weston upon Trent, Morl.  
Weston under wood, Morl.  
Whalay, scar.  
Wheatcroft, scar.  
Wheston, Peak.  
Whittington, scar.  
Whittwell, scar.  
William's thorpe, Scar.  
Willignton, Morl.  
Wilsley, Rep.  
Windfall, Rep.  
Wineley hill, Apple.  
Wingfeild Manor, Scar.  
Wingfeild South, Scar.  
Wingfeild North▪ Scar.  
Wingerworth, scar.  
Wolley, scar.  
Woodhouses, scar.  
Woodhouses, scar.  
Woodland, Peak.  
Woodthorpe, scar.  
Woodthorpe, scar.  
WORKSWORTH, W.  
Wormehill, Peak.  
Wulscote, Work.  
Wyaston, Appl.  
Wynstre, Work.    


Y  
Yednaston, Appl.  
Yeldersley, Appl.  
Yolegreave, Peak.      

STAFFORD-SHIRE. CHAPTER XXXV.  

The ancient name of this Shire.  STAFFORD-SHIRE, which in the English-Saxons is written Stafford-scyre, & whose situation is much about the middle of England, meeteth upon the North with Cheshire and Derby, and that in a Triangle point, where three Stones are pitched for the bounds of these Shires; it is parted from Derbyshire on the East with Dowe and with Trent; 
The confine● of it.  the South is confined with Warwick and Worcester-shires, and the West butteth against the County of Shrop-shire.  

The form and dim●nsitude.  (2) The form thereof is somewhat Lozeng-like, that is, sharp at both ends, and broadest in the midst. The length extending from North to South, is by measure forty four miles; and the breadth from East to West, twenty seven; the whole in circumference one hundred and forty miles.  

The Air.  (3) The air is good and very healthful, though oversharp in her North and Moreland, where the snow lieth long, and the wind bloweth cold.  

The Soil.  (4) The Soil in that part is barren of Corn, because her Hills and Moors are no friends unto Tillage: the middle is more level, but therewithal woody, as well witnesseth that great one, called the Cank. But the South is most plenteous in Corn and Pasturage.  
(5) Her ancient Inhabitants were the 
* Cornavii. the ancient people of it.  CORNAVII, whom Ptolemie placeth in the Tract that containeth Shrop-shire, Worcester-shire, Cheshire, and this: all which were possessed by the Mercian-Saxons when their Heptarchy flourished. 
Tamworth.  And Tamworth in this Shire was then held their Kings Court. The Danes after them often assayed herein to have seated, as witnesseth Tetnall, then Theoten hall, by interpretation, The habitation of Pagans, imbrued with their blood by King Edward the elder. 
An. D. 911. Beda.  But the Inhabitants of this Province Beda terms The midland Englishmen, because to his seeming it lay in the heart of the land, which when the Normans had made Conquest of all, many of them set down their rest here, whose posterities at this day are fairly and further branched into other parts.  

The commodities of it.  (6) The Commodities of this County consist chiefly in corn, cattle, alabaster, woods, and iron, (if the one prove not the destruction of the other) pit-coal, flesh, and fish, whereof the river Trent is said to swarm: and others arising and running thorough this Shire, do so batten the ground, that the Meadows even in the midst of winter grow green; such as Dowe, Manifold, 
Ten Rivers.  Churnut, Hunsie, Yenden, Tean, Blithe, Trent, Tyne, and Sow; whereof Trent is not only the principal, but in esteem accounted the third of this Land.  

Stafford the chief Town. john Capgrave.  (7) Stafford the Shire-Towne, anciently Betheney, from Bertelin, a reputed holy man that therein led a Hermit's life, was built by K. Edward the elder, incorporated by K. john, 
King john.  and upon the East and South part was walled and trenched by the Barons of the place; the rest from East to North was secured by a large pool of water, which now is become fair meadow grounds. The tract and circuit of these walls extendeth to twelve hundred and forty paces, thorough which four gates into the four winds have passage, the River Sow running on the South and West of the Town. 
King Edward the sixth.  King Edward the sixth did incorporate the Burgesses, and gave them a perpetual succession, whose government is under two Bailiffs yearly elected out of one and twenty Assistants, called the Common-council, a Recorder, 
Dukes of Buckingham Recorders of Stafford Thomas Werswick.  whereof the Dukes of Buckingham have borne the Office, and as yet is kept a Court of Record, wherein they hold Plea without limitation of sum; a Town-clerk also, (from whose Pen I received these instructions) and to attend them two Sergeants at Mace. This Town is sited in the degree of Latitude 53.20. scruples, and of Longitude 18. and 40. scruples.  
(8) But Leichfield more large, 
Leichfield.  and of far greater fame, is much her ancient, known unto Beda by the name of Licidfeld, 
john Rosse.  which Rosse doth interpret to be The field of dead bodies, for the number of Saints under the rage of Dioclesian there slain: upon which cause the City beareth for her Arms an Escocheon of Landscape, with divers Martyrs in divers manner massacred. Here Oswin King of Northumberland overcoming the Pagan-Mercians, 
An. D. 606.  built a Church, and made it the See of Duina the Bishop, whose successors grown rich, with golden reasons so overcame King Offa, and he Adrian the Pope, that an archiepiscopal Pall was granted Bishop Eadulph, to the great disgrace of Lambert Archbishop of Canterbury. 
An. D. 676.  In this Church were interred the bodies of Wulfhere and Celred, both of them Kings of the Mercians. 
An. D. 718.  But when the minds of men were set altogether upon gorgeous building, this old foundation was new reared by Roger Clinton, Bishop of this See, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Chad, and the Close inwalled by Bishop Langton. 
An. 1148.  The government of this City is by two Bailiffs and one Sheriff, yearly chosen out of twentie-foure Burgesses, a Recorder, a Town-clerk, and two Sergeants their Attendants.  
(9) Houses of Religion erected in this Shire, 
Houses of Religion.  were at Leichfield, Stafford, De la Cross, Cruxden, Trentham, Burton, Tamworth, and Wolver-hampton. These Votaries abusing their Founders true pieties, and heaping up riches with disdain of the Laity, laid themselves open as marks to be shot at; whom the hand of the skilful soon hit and quite pierced, under the aim of King Henry the eight, 


Castles.  
Alton.  
Carswall.  
Chesterton.  
Madeley.  
Chatley.  
Stafford.  
Leichfield.  
Tamworth.  
Hely.  
Newcastle.  
Duddeley.  
Tutbury.  
Eccleshall.    who with such Revenues is most places relieved the poor and the Orphan, with Schools and maintenance for the training up of youth: a work no doubt more acceptable to God, and of more charitable use to the Land.  
(10) With 13. Castles this County hath been strengthened, and in 13. Market-towns her commodities traded, being divided into 5. Hundreds, and in them seated one hundred and thirty Parish-churches, as in the Table is Alphabetically expressed.   map of Staffordshire 
STAFFORD COUNTY AND TOWN with the ancient City LICHFEILD described  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Stafford-shire.  


HUNDREDS in Stafford-shire.  
1. PYrehill.  
2. Tottmonslo.  
3. Cuddlestone.  
4. Seisdon.  
5. Offelowe.   


A  
Acton, Cud.  
Acton, Pyr.  
Acolate, Pyr.  
Adbastow, Pyr.  
Alderwas. Off.  
Aldriche, Off.  
Alton, Tot.  
Alverton, Tot.  
Amblecott, Seis.  
Amerton, Cud.  
Aminton, Pyr.  
Anneley, Pyr.  
Apedale, Pyr.  
Apeton, Cud.  
Areley, Seis.  
Argarth park, Tot.  
Armitage, Off.  
Ashes seven, Pyr.  
Ashenhurst, Tot.  
Ashley, Pyr.  
Ashton little, Pyr.  
Aston, Off.  
Aston, Pyr.  
Aston, Cud.  
Aston, Pyr.  
Aston, Cud.  
Aston little, Off.  
Audley, Pyr.  
Aulston, Cud.  
Ausley, Off.  
Austonfield, Tot.    


B  
Bagnall● chapel. Pyr.  
Barr, Off.  
Barleston, Pyr.  
Barston, Pyr.  
Batton, Cud.  
Barton, Off.  
Baswich, Cud.  
Baulterley, pyr. 

The beach. pyr.    
Beudesert, cud.  
bednal, cud.  
Bednoll, cud.  
Bentley, off.  
Bescote, cud.  
Betley, pyr.  
Bickforde, cud.  
Bicknall, pyr.  
Biddulphe, pyr.  
Billington, cud.  
Bilston, seis.  
Bishopbury, seis.  
Bishop's ofley, pyr.  
Bishton, cud.  
Blakemere, tot.  
Blich flit.  
Blithfeild, pyr.  
Blore, pyr.  
Blore, tot.  
Blore heath, pyr.  
Bloxwich, off.  
Blorton, pyr.  
Blymyll, cud.  
Boblington, seis.  
Boningall, seis.  
Bothall, cud.  
Bradeley, cud.  
Bradley, tot.  
Bradley, seis.  
Bradnoppe, tot.  
Bradwall, pyr.  
Bramhurst, tot.  
Bramston, off.  
Branston, off.  
BREWOOD, cud.  
Bridgeford, pyr.  
Brickley lodge, off.  
Brickwood, tot.  
Brocton, cud.  
Bromewich west, off. 

Gerard's Bromley, pyr.    
Bromley Bagoots, pyr.  
BROMLEY PAGETTS, pyr.  
Bromley hur'st, pyr.  
Bromley kings, off.  
Bromley kings, off.  
Bromshulse, tot.  
Broughton hill, off.  
Bruerton, cud.  
Brynton, cud,  
Bucknell, pyr.  
Bule, cud.  
Burlaton, cud.  
Burslem, pyr.  
BURTON upon Trent. off.  
Burton, off.  
Burton, cud.  
Burton under Nedwood. off.  
Bushbery, seis.  
Butterton, pyr.  
Butterton, tot.    


C  
Caldon, tot.  
Calingwood, off.  
Cambridge, tot.  
Camwell, off.  
Cank, cud.  
Cankewood, cud.  
Cannocke, cud.  
Careswall, tot.  
Castorne, tot.  
Camel, off.  
Cauldon, tot.  
Cawton, off.  
Cawton, tot.  
Charley, off.  
Charleton deviseover, pyr.  
Charnes, pyr.  
Chartley castle, cud.  
Chartley holm, pyr.  
Chatwall, cud.  
Chebston, pyr.  
Checkley, tot.  
Cheddletton, tot.  
Chedull, tot.  
Chell, pyr.  
Chestall, off.  
Chesterton, pyr.  
Chesterton, pyr.  
Chesterfield, off.  
Childcote, off.  
Chillington, cud.  
Chomleywood, off.  
Church-Eaton, cud.  
Churnet flu.  
Claton, pyr.  
Clente, seis.  
Clyfton, off.  
Codsill, seis.  
Collidge, cud.  
Colton, pyr.  
Colwich, tot.  
Comberford, off.  
Compton, seis.  
Copinhall, cud.  
Corborow, off.  
Coton, cud.  
Coton, Pyr.  
Cotten, cud.  
Coulton, cud.  
Cowen, cud.  
Cowley, cud.  
Crackmarsh, tot.  
Crocksden, tot.    


D  
Darlaston, pyr.  
Darleston, seis.  
Darleston, off.  
Delvecrosse, tot.  
Denston, tot.  
Dermington, pyr.  
Dolwich, pyr.  
Dove flu.  
Draicott, tot.  
Draiton, cud.  
Draiton basset, off.  
Dreiton, cud.  
Drayton basset, off.  
Dudley Castle, seis.  
Dulvarne, tot.  
Dunsmore flu.  
Dunstable, off.  
Dunston, cud.    


E  
Water Eton, cud.  
ECCLESHALL deviseover, pyr.  
Eccleston, tot.  
Eddingall, off.  
Ediall, off.  
Elaston, tot.  
Elenhall, pyr.  
Elford, off.  
Elford, off.  
Elmhurst, off.  
Elnston, tot.  
Enston, pyr.  
Enveild, seis.  
Ensington, seis.  
Ensington, cud.  
Evil, seis.    


F  
Fakeley bridge.  
Farley, tot.  
Farewell, off.  
Fauld, off.  
Feild, tot.  
Feild, tot.  
Fenny lodge, off.  
Fenton, pyr.  
Fetherston, cud.  
Fisherwick, off.  
Forbridge, cud.  
Fordswell, pyr.  
Forton, cud.  
Fauton, pyr.  
Foulderly, off.  
Foxbroke, tot.  
Fordley, off.  
Froghall, tot.  
Fullford, pyr.  
Fullston, pyr.    


G  
Gayton, pyr.  
Gentleshall, off.  
Gnostill, cud.  
Gorsticott, off.  
Gratwich, tot.  
Grinley, cud.  
Gryndon, tot.  
Guston, seis.    


H  
Haddenford, cud.  
Hamberwich, off.  
Hamstell, off.  
Hampstable, Ridware, off.  
Handsworth, off.  
Handbury, off.  
Handsaker, off.  
Handford, pyr.  
Hamton, off.  
Haracles, tot.  
Harborne, off.  
Harlastone, off.  
Haseller, off.  
Hatherton, cud.  
Haughton, cud.  
Hawood, cud.  
Headley Castle, pyr.  
Heatley, cud.  
Heath-hill, cud.  
Helswood, tot.  
Hempsted, off.  
Henly, seis.  
Hentley, tot.  
Hickson, cud.  
Highon, cud.  
Hilderson, pyr.  
Hilton hall, seis.  
Hilton Abbey, pyr.  
Hilton, cud.  
Hintes, off.  
Hollinton, tot.  
Hopton, pyr.  
Hopwayes, off.  
Horborne, off.  
Horcrosse, off.  
Horningloe, off.  
Horton, tot.  
Hounhill, tot.  
Hulton, tot.  
Hunley, seis.  
Hunsey flu.  
Huntingdon, cud.  
Hyde, cud.  
Hymore, off.    


I  
Ilam, tot.  
Ingleton, cud.  
Inglestrie, pyr.  
Ipston, tot.    


K  
Kebleston, pyr.  
Keel, pyr.  
Kingston, tot.  
Kingston, pyr.  
Kin●are, seis.  
Kinsley, tot.  
Kinver, seis.  
Knightley, cud.  
Knighton, pyr.  
Knutton, pyr.  
Knutshall, tot.  
Kynvaston, cud.    


L  
Lapley, cud.  
Lea, seis.  
Leacroft, cud.  
Led, cud.  
LEAKE, tot.  
Leighe, tot. 

Tho Luc. seis.    
Levedall, cud.  
LEICHFEILD, Of.  
Lighe high, cud.  
Littleton, cud.  
Longcrosse, off.  
Longdon, off.  
Longnor, cud.  
Longon, off.  
Longnor, tot.  
Longton, pyr.  
Loxley, tot.  
Loynton, pyr.    


M  
Madeley, pyr.  
Madeleholme, tot.  
Mair, pyr.  
Many flu.  
Marbroke, tot.  
Marchington, tot.  
Marchingdon, tot.  
Marston, pyr.  
Marston, cud.  
Marton great, cud.  
Mason, off.  
Materfeild, tot.  
Mavestone Ridware, off.  
Meare, pyr.  
Meare, cud.  
Meare, pyr.  
Milwich, pyr.  
Mitton, cud.  
Moreland hills, tot.  
Moreton, cud.  
Morocopp hill, pyr.  
Morsall, off.  
Mose flu.  
Moseley, seis.  
Muckleston, pyr.    


N  
Nedwood Forrest. tot.  
Newborowe, off.  
Newbold, off.  
NEW CASTLE UNDER LINE, pyr.  
New Chapel, pyr.  
Newton, cud.  
Newton, pyr.  
Norbury, cud.  
Narrowdale, tot.  
Norton, pyr.  
Norton, cud.  
Norton, off.  
Norton, off.  
Norton in the Moors, pyr.    


O  
High Of●ley, pyr.  
Oken, seis.  
Okover, tot.  
Oldbury, off.  
Oncot, tot.  
Only, pyr.  
Orgrave, off.  
Orton, seis.  
Otherton, cud.  
Overpen, seis.  
Ousley bridge, cud.    


P  
Painsley, tot.  
Parkhill, tot.  
Patsell, seis.  
Pattingham, seis.  
Pelfalle, off. 

Over Pen, seis.  
Nether Pen, seis.    
Pencl●, pyr.  
Pencle, pyr.  
Penkirch, cud.  
Penke flu.  
Penford, seis.  
Penset chase, seis.  
Peribury, off.  
Peryhall, off.  
Perton, seis.  
Pellington, cud.  
Pellington hall, cud.  
Pipe, off.  
Placdwick, cud.  
Ponke flu.  
Prestwood, seis.  
Prestwood, tot.    


R  
Ramsor, tot.  
Rannton, pyr.  
Rannton Monastery, pyr.  
Rickardscott, cud.  
Rickardscott, pyr.  
Ridgley, cud.  
Ridware, off. 

Pipe Ridware, off.  
Hill Ridware, cud.    
Robaston, cud.  
Rolston, off.  
Rowcester, tot.  
Rowley, seis.  
Rowley, seis.  
Rowley park, off.  
Rudiard, tot.  
Rushall, off.  
Rushton, tot.  
Rusheles, seiss.  
Riddsley, cud.    


S  
Salt, pyr.  
Sandon, pyr.  
Sandwall, off.  
Sardon great, cud.  
Sardon little, cud.  
Sawe flu.  
Scotfeild, off.  
Season, seis.  
Sedgeley, seis.  
Seigford, seis.  
Seisdon, pyr.  
Shareshull, Cud.  
Shawford, pyr.  
Shene, tot.  
Shenston, off.  
Sherishales, cud.  
Shire Okes, off.  
Shitterford, seis.  
Shobnall, off.  
Shredicott, cud.  
Shugborow, cud.  
Skelton, pyr.  
Smestall flu.  
Smethwick, off.  
STAFFORD, pyr.  
Stafford Castle, cud.  
Standon, pyr.  
Stanton, tot.  
Statford, off.  
Stoke, pyr.  
Stokesly, off. 

The three Shire-Stones. tot.    
STONE, pyr.  
Stowe, pyr.  
Stranshill, tot.  
Stratton Castle, off.  
Stretton, off.  
Stretley hall, off.  
Stretlie, off.  
Stretton, cud.  
Stoure flu.  
Stubby lane, off.  
Sturton Castle, seis.  
Sutton, cud.  
Swinford Kings, seis.  
Swinfeld hall, off.  
Swinshead, pyr.  
Swithanley, tot.  
Swynerton, pyr.    


T  
Talke, pyr.  
TAMWORTH, off.  
Tatenell, off.  
Teane, tot.  
Teane flu.  
Terley, pyr.  
Tettenhall Kings, seis.  
Tettenhall Clice, seis.  
Thickbrome, off.  
Thorn hill, tot.  
Thorpe, off.  
Thorpe, off.  
Throley, tot.  
Tillington, pyr.  
Tipton, seis.  
Titterfore, pyr.  
tixal, pyr.  
Treislie, seis.  
Trent flu.  
Trent flu.  
Trentham, pyr.  
Trescott, seis.  
Trisell, seis.  
Tunstall Court, pyr.  
Tunstall, pyr.  
Turburie, off.  
Tyne flu.  
Typton, off.    


V  
Voxall, off.  
VTTOXCESTOR, tot.    


W  
Walgrang, tot.  
Wall, off.  
WALLSHALL, off.  
Wallfall Forrest, off.  
Walton, pyr.  
Walton, cud.  
Warslawe, tot.  
Waterfall, tot.  
Weddsbury, seis.  
Wednesfeild, off.  
Wednesbury, off.  
Weford, off.  
Welobridge park, pyr.  
Weston, pyr.  
Weston Jones, cud.  
Weston under Lisiard, cud.  
Weston upon Trent, pyr.  
Wharnford, tot.  
Whattley hall, off.  
Whichnor, off.  
Whitmore, pyr.  
Whitstone, cud.  
Whittendon, off.  
Whittenton, seis.  
Whittgreene, pyr.  
Whittington, off.  
Wichnor, off.  
Wiggendon, off.  
Wilbrighton, cud.  
Wilenhall, off.  
Wilnall, seis.  
Witton, tot.  
Wo●ley, off.  
Woken, seis.  
Wolaston, cud.  
Wolstanton, pyr.  
WOLVERHAMPTON●  
Womborne, seis.  
Worley little, seis.  
Worley great, seis.  
Wotton, tot.  
Wrottesley, seis.    


Y  
Yardley, pyr.  
Yendon flu.  
Yoxall, off.       

SHROP-SHIRE.  

The Saxonish names of this Shire.  SHROP-SHIRE, by the ancient Saxons written Sciripscyre, is both large in circuit, well peopled, and very fruitful for life. It lieth circulated upon the North with th● County Palatine of Chester; 
The limits.  upon the East altogether with Stafford-shire; upon the South with Worcester, Hereford, and Radnorshires; & upon the west with Mountgomery & Denbigh.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is almost circular or round, whose length from Wooferton below Lodlane South, to Over near unto the river Trent in the North, is thirty four miles: the broadest part is from Tongue in the East, to Oswestre sited at the head of Morda in the West, twenty and five; the whole in circuit about, extending to one hundred thirty and four miles.  

Aire.  (3) Wholesome is the air, delectable and good, yielding the Spring and the Autumn, seed time and harvest, in a temperate condition, and affordeth health to the Inhabitants in all seasons of the year.  

Soil.  (4) The soil is rich, and standeth most upon a reddish clay, abounding in Wheat and Barley, Pit-coales, Iron, and Woods; which two last continue not long in league together. It hath rivers that make fruitful the Land, and in their waters contain great store of fresh-fish, 
Severne.  whereof Severne is the chief, and second in the Realm, whose stream cutteth this County in the midst, and with many windings sporteth herself forward, leaving both pastures and meadows bedecked with flowers and green colours, which every where she bestoweth upon such her attendants.  

Severne once the bounds of the North-britaines'.  (5) This River was once the bounds of the North-britaines', and divided their possession from the Land of the Saxons, until of latter times theirs began to decay, and the Welsh to increase, who enlarged their lists to the River Dee. So formerly had it separated the Ordovices from the Cornavij, 
Ordovices.  those ancient Inhabitants mentioned by Ptol●mie. The Ordovices under Caractacus purchased great honour, 
Caractacus.  whilst he a Prince of the Silureses removed his Wars thence among them, where a while he maintained the Britain's liberty with valour and courage, in despite of the Romans. His Fort is yet witness of his unfortunate fight, seated near Clune Castle, at the confluence of that River with Temd, where (in remembrance of him) the place is yet called Caer-Caradoc, 
Caer-Caradoc.  a fort of his, won by P. Ostorius Lieutenant of the Romans, about the year of grace 53. 
Cornavii.  The Cornavii were seated upon the North of Severne, and branched into other Counties, of whom we have said.  
(6) But when the strength of the Romans was too weak to support their own Empire, and Britain emptied of her soldiers to resist, the Saxons set foot in this most fair soil, 
This Shire a part of the Mercian Kingdom.  and made it a part of their Mercian Kingdom: their line likewise issued to the last period, and the Normans beginning where these Saxons left, the Welshmen took advantage of all present occasions, and broke over Severne unto the River Dee; to recover which, the Normans first Kings often assayed, and Henry the second with such danger of life, 
Henry the second.  that at the siege of Bridge-north he had been slain, had not Sir Hubert Syncler received the arrow aimed at him, 
Sir Hubert S. Clerc.  in stepping betwixt that Shaft and his Sovereign, and therewith was shot thorough unto death. In the like danger stood Henry Prince of Scotland, who in the straight siege of Ludlow, 
Henry Prince of Scotland.  begirt by King Stephen, 
King Stephen.  had been plucked from his saddle with an iron-hooke from the wall, had not Stephen presently rescued him, Anno 1139.  
(7) This then being the Marches of England and Wales, 
Shrop-shire the Marches of England and Wales.  was sore afflicted by bloody broils, which caused many of their Towns to be strongly walled, and thirty two Castles to be strongly built: lastly, into this County the most wise King Henry the seaventh sent his eldest son Prince Arthur, 
King Henry the seaventh. Prince Arthur.  to be resident at Ludlow, where that fair Castle became a most famous Princes Court. 
King Henry the eight.  And here King Henry the eight ordained the Counsel of the Marches, consisting of a Lord Precedent, as many Counsellors as the Prince shall please, a Secretary, an Attorney, a Solicitor, and four justices of the Counties in Wales, in whose Court were pleaded the causes depending and Termely tried for the most part in presence of that honourable Precedent.  
(8) But the Shire-towne Shrewesburie, 
Shrewsbury the chief Town.  for circuit, trade, and wealth doth for exceed this, and is inferior to few of our Cities; her buildings fair, her streets many and large, her Citizens rich, her trade for the most part in the Staple commodities of cloth and freezes; 
Commodities.  her walls strong, and of a large compass, extending to seventeen hundred pases about, besides another Bulwark ranging from the Castle, 
Strength for warlike defence.  down unto, and in part along the side of Severne: thorough which there are three entrances into the Town, East and West over by two fair stone bridges with Towers, Gates, and Bars, and the third into the North, no less strong than them, over which is mounted a large Castle, whose gaping chinks do doubtless threaten her fall. 
Magistracy.  This Town is governed by two Bailiffs, yearly elected out of twentie-foure Burgesses, a Recorder, Town-Clerke, and Chamberlain, 
Graduation.  with three Sergeants at Mace: the Pole being raised hence from the degrees of Latitude 53.16. minutes, and from West in Longitude 17. degrees 27. minutes.  
(9) Yea, 
Roxalter.  and ancienter Cities have been set in this Shire: such was Roxalter, or Wroxcester, lower upon Severne, that had been Vriconium, the chiefest City of the Cornavii; Vsoconia, now Okenyate, near unto the Wreken: and under Red-castle the ruins of a 
* Berry a City famous in Arthur days. 

Castles.  
1. Whittenton.  
2. Ellismere,  
3. Oswestree.  
4. Wem.  
5. Red-castle.  
6. Morton-Corbeti.  
7. Knockin.  
8. Shrawerdon.  
9 Watlesburgh  
10. Rowton.  
11. Brocard.  
12. Cause.  
13. Ponderbach.  
14. Atton-Burnell.  
15. Carleton.  
16. Dalaley.  
17. Tong.  
18. Bridgnorth.  
19 Howgate.  
20. Bramcroft.  
21. Corsham.  
22. Clebery.  
23. Ludlow.  
24. Shipton.  
25. Hopton.  
26. Cl●n.  
27 Newcastle.  
28. Bishopscastle  
29. Bruges.  
30. Shrewesbury.  
31. Holgod.  
32. Lavemuste.    City, whom the vulgar report to have been famous in Arthur's days: but the pieces of Romish Coins in these three do well assure us that therein their Legions lodged; as many other Trenches are signs of war and of blood. But as swords have been stirring in most parts of this Province, so Beads have been bid for the preservation of the whole, and places erected for the Maintenance of Votaries, in whom at that time was imputed great holiness: in Shrewsbury many, at Coulmere, Stowe, Dudley, Bromefeild, Wigmore, Hamond, Lyleshill, Bildas, Bishops-castle, and Wenloke, (where in the reign of Richard the second, was likewise a rich Mine of Copper.) But the same blasts that blew down the buds of such plants, scattered also the fruits from these fair trees, which never since bare the like, nor is likely any more to do.  
That only which is rare in this Province, is a Well at Pichford in a private man's yard, whereupon floateth a thick scum of liquid Bitumen, which being clear off to day, will gather the like again on the morrow: not much unlike to the Lake in the Land of jewry.  
This Shire is divided into fifteen Hundreds, wherein are seated fourteen Market Towns; and hath in it one hundred and seventy Churches for God's sacred and divine Service: the names of which are in the Table as followeth.   map of Shropshire 
SHROPSHYRE DESCRIBED THE SITTUATION OF SHROWESBURY showed With the Arms of those Earls, and other Memorable things observed  


HUNDREDS in Shrop-shire.  
1 BRadford North.  
2 Pimbill.  
3 Bradford South.  
4 Brymstry.  
5 Wenlock.  
6 Condover.  
7 O●westrey.  
8 Ford.  
9 Chirbury.  
10 Clunne.  
11 Purslawe.  
12 Munslawe.  
13 Overs.  
14 Stot●●sdo●.  
15 Shrewsbury liberty   


A  
Abbafori●t. cond.  
Abcot, purse.  
Aberbury, ford.  
Abertanocke, Osw.  
Abton, wen.  
Accleton, stott.  
Acton Burnell, cond.  
Acton, purse.  
Acton scott, mun.  
Adcott, Pim.  
Admaston, B. south.  
Adney, B. south.  
Albrighton, pim.  
Albrighton, brim.  
Alderton, pim.  
Alkynton, b. north.  
Allerton, b. north.  
Alscott, brim.  
Alscott in Brimstry, h. south.  
Alstretton, cond.  
Alveley, stott.  
Anchmarch, cond.  
Appley, b. south.  
High Arcole, brad.  
Arcole childs, b. north.  
Arlscot▪ ford.  
Ashbaston, b. south.  
Ashbaston, b. south.  
Ashe great, b. north.  
Ashe little, b. north.  
Ashford, mun.  
Ashford Bondmore, mun  
Ashford, stot.  
Ashton, b. north.  
Aslanton, purse.  
Asterley, ford.  
Astley, b. south.  
Astley, wen.  
Aston, oswest.  
Aston, b. south.  
Aston, mun.  
Aston, brim.  
Aston, purse.  
Aston, purse.  
Aston Butlers, stot.  
Aston Rogers, chir.  
Aston Piggot, chir.  
Church Aston, b. south.  
Atcham, b. south.  
Atherley, b. north.  
Atterley, wen.  
Atton, pym.  
Aveley, stot.  
Aulcaston, mun.  
Auldon, mun.    


B  
Babins wood forest, osw.  
Badget, wen.  
Baggoteshop, over.  
Baggeley, pim.  
Balderton, pim.  
barrow, wen.  
Berwick, b. south.  
Baryate, stot.  
Baschurch, pim.  
Battlefeild, b. south.  
Bearston, b. north.  
Bechfeild, chir.  
Beckbury, wen.  
Beckley, purse.  
Bedston, purse.  
Belaport, b. north.  
Belserdyne, con.  
bental, wen.  
Bergill, oswest.  
Berley, purse.  
Besford, pim.  
Bestow, b. south.  
Bettons, cond.  
Betton, b. north.  
Bettus, clun.  
Beuston, cond.  
Bickton, clun.  
Bickton, shrew.  
Bildas, b. south.  
Bildas' little, b. south.  
Billey, cond.  
Birche, pim.  
Blackemere manor. b. nor.  
Blechley, b. north.  
Blodwall, oswest.  
Bolas little, b. north.  
Bolas great, b. south.  
Boningall, brim.  
Boreatton, slot.  
Boreatton, oswest.  
Bow flu.  
Bracemel, shrew.  
Bradston, wen.  
Bradfeild flu.  
Brampton, chir.  
Brampton, purse.  
Brampton, cond.  
Bramcroft castle, mu.  
Bramslowe, chir.  
Bratton, b. south.  
BRIDGNORTH.  
Broadway, purse.  
Brocard castle, ford.  
Brockton, mun.  
Brockton, purse.  
Brocton, chir.  
Brockton, b south.  
Brome, purse.  
Bromfeild, mun.  
Bromiche, oswest.  
Bromlowe, chir.  
Broseley, wen.  
Broughton, purse.  
Broughton, pim.  
Browncle-hill, wen.  
Brunslawe, purse.  
Bucknell, purse.  
Butford, over.  
Burghall, b. north.  
Burlton, pim.  
Burton, cond.  
Burton, wen.  
BUSHOPS' CASTLE, purse.  
Byllingsley, stot.  
Bynweston, chir.  
Byrrington, cond.  
Bitterley, over.    


C  
Caercaradoc, purse.  
Calloton, wen.  
Camlet flu.  
Cantloppe, cond.  
Cardington, mun.  
Carndon hill, chir.  
Carleton castle, b. sou..  
Carson, shrew.  
The new Castle, clun.  
Caynham, stot.  
Cause, ford.  
New Chapel, clun.  
Chatford, cond.  
Chatwall, cond.  
Lady Chaulton, mun.  
Chaulton, purse.  
Chelmarsh, stot.  
Cheswardine, b. nor.  
Chetwyn end, b. sou..  
Chetwyn aston, b. so.  
Chetton. stot.  
Cheyney, longerfeild, pu.  
Chilton, cond.  
Chipnall, b. north.  
Chirbury, chir.  
Chirington, b. south.  
Chirhill, b. north.  
Claverley hall. b. nor.  
Claverleigh, brim.  
Claverley, b. north.  
Clebury foreign, sto.  
Clebury north, stot.  
Clebury park, stot.  
Clebury, stot.  
Cleeton, over.  
Cleve, pim.  
Clunbury, purse.  
Clung●nas, purse.  
CLUN castle, con.  
Clun flu.  
Clunne forest, clun.  
Clunton, purse.  
Cock-shut, pim.  
Colmington, mun.  
Comyton, mun.  
Condover, cond.  
Cound, cond.  
Conam, over.  
Copty veny, prim.  
Cordigate forest, os.  
Cordoke hill, cond.  
Coreley, stot.  
Corove flu.  
Corsham Castle, mu.  
Corston, mun.  
Cotes new, wen.  
Cotton, b. north.  
Cottall, b. south.  
Coston. purse,  
Coulmere, pim.  
Cowbatche, purse.  
Creketh, oswest.  
Crouckhill, cond.  
Crosmeere, pim.  
Cructon, ford.  
Crudgington, b. sou..  
Curlhurst, b. north.    


D  
Dalaley castle, b. sou..  
Darlaston, b. north.  
Dawley little, b. sou..  
Dawley great▪ b. sou..  
Daywell, oswest.  
Deane park, over.  
Diddleston Chapel, oswest.  
Dodington, cond.  
Dodington, b. north.  
Dorrington, b. north.  
Dothull, b. south.  
Dotton, stot.  
Dowles, stot.  
Dowles, flu.  
Downesay, purse.  
Downton, b. south.  
Downton, mun.  
Draton, cond.  
Draton, brim.  
DRAYTON, b. nor.  
Dridston, chir.  
Dufaston, oswest.  
Dunnington, b. south.  
Dunnington, brim.  
Dydles bury, mun.  
Dydmaston, tot.  
Dynchop Chapel, mun.  
Dytton, wen.  
Dytton, stot.    


E  
Eardington, stot.  
Easthop, mun.  
Eton Constantine, b. s.  
Eton, wen.  
Eton, b. north.  
Eton, purse.  
Eton, cond.  
Ebnall, oswest.  
Eddesley, b. north.  
Edgebalton, b. north.  
Edge, ford.  
Edgemond, b. south.  
Edgton, purse.  
Edicliff, clun.  
Ednoppe, clun.  
Edston, oswest.  
Egerley, oswest.  
Ellerton, b. south.  
Ellesmere, pim.  
Elston, pim.  
Emstree, cond.  
Esdon, pim.  
Ercall great, b. south.  
Estaston, b. north.  
Estwicke, pim.  
Evelyn. b. south.  
Eyton, b. south.  
Eyton upon wild more, b. so.  
Eyton, ford.  
Eyton, purse.  
Eyton, pim.    


F  
Falls, b. north.  
Farley, ford.  
Farton, stot.  
Fayrlaw Chapel, stot.  
Felhamton, mun.  
Felton, oswest.  
Felton butler, pim.  
Penmmeare, pim.  
Fernill David, oswest.  
Fits, pim.  
English Franckton, pim.  
Welsh Franckton, pim.  
Franckton, oswest.  
Frodesley, cond.  
Ford, ford.  
Forten, pim.  
Fynonvaire, clun.    


G  
Gattaker, stot.  
Gatten, ford.  
Gildendowne, chir.  
Glaseley, stot.  
Goulding, cond.  
Grafton, pim.  
Gramston, b. south.  
Gravenhunger, b. n.  
Greece, over.  
Gressedge, cond.  
Gretton, mun.  
Grynshill, pim.    


H  
Haberley, ford.  
Hadley, b. south.  
Hadnall, b. north.  
Hales eote, b. south.  
Halesowen, brim.  
Halston, oswest.  
Halton, oswest.  
Hampton, pim.  
Hampton wood, pim.  
Hamond, b. south.  
Hanwood, shrew.  
Hardwicke, pim.  
Hardwicke, purse.  
Harnydge, cond.  
Harton, mun.  
Harton, mun.  
Cold Harton, b. south.  
Harton, b. north.  
Hauford Chapel, m.  
Haughton, b. south.  
Haughmond, b. south.  
Hawne, brim.  
Hawkeston, b. north.  
Haytons, over.  
Heath, wen.  
Hempton▪ stot.  
Henly, over.  
Heulley, oswest.  
Hewlye, wen.  
Higford, wen.  
Higley▪ stot.  
Hinton, ford.  
Hints, stot.  
Hisland, oswest.  
Hobbaries, clun.  
Hobendred, clun.  
Hockestow forest, p.  
Hodnet, b. north.  
Holly hur'st, b. north.  
Home, purse.  
Hope bowdler, mun.  
Hope, chir.  
Hopesey, purse.  
Monk Hopton, wen.  
Hopton, purse.  
Hopton waters▪ stot.  
Hopton, b. north.  
Hopton, pim.  
Ho●dley, pim.  
Hordes park, wen.  
Horley, cond.  
Horton, b. south.  
Horton, b. north.  
Houndenen, stot.  
Houghleton, chir.  
Howle, b. north.  
Howgate Castle. mu.  
Hungerford, wen.  
Hugford, mun.  
Huntyton, b. south.  
Hurst, ford.  
Hyllon▪ stot.  
Hynnyton, b. south.  
Hynton, b. north.  
Hyssington, chi●.  
Hyne heath, b. north.    


I  
Jaye▪ purse.  
Ightfeild, b. north.  
Isembridge, b. south.    


K  
Kemberton, b. south.  
Kempton, purse.  
Kenley, cond.  
Kenston, b. north.  
Kentwicke▪ pim.  
Kentwicke's park, pi●.  
Kentwicke's wood, pi  
Kevenkelinoge, pim.  
K●ynton, b. south.  
Kinaston, oswest.  
King's wood, b. south.  
Kingleford, brim.  
Kinnerton, purse.  
Kinton, pim.  
Knockin, oswest.  
Kricketh, oswest.  
Kynlot, stot.  
Kynerley, oswest.  
Kynersley, b. south.  
Kyntontoure, osw.  
Kynynion, oswest.  
Kywilsey, clun.    


L  
Lacon, b. north.  
Llanamonah, oswest.  
Llancuan, clun.  
Langford, b. south.  
Langton, mun.  
Langley, cond.  
Languill, wen.  
Llanva●rwaterden▪ C  
Llanwordan, oswest.  
Latley, b. south.  
Laton, wen.  
Lawley, b. south.  
Lea ockley, purse.  
Lea, purse.  
Lea, pim.  
Lee, ford.  
Leaton, pim.  
Leborwood, cond.  
Ledwitch flu.  
Ledwitch, mun.  
Lee, pim.  
Lee, b. north.  
Leegunery, b. south.  
Leighton, b. south.  
laid  
●inlye, wen.  
Longdon, ford.  
Longdon, b. south.  
Long Chapel, b. s.  
Longestowe, b north.  
Longford, b. south.  
Longford, b. north.  
Longnor, cond.  
Longnon, cond.  
Longstanton, wen.  
Longvill, purse.  
Loppington, pim.  
Low ditches, b. north.  
Ludford, mun.  
LUDLOW, over.  
Luton hope, clun.  
Lyddum, purse.  
Lydbury North, purse.  
Lyleshill, b. south.  
Llynblis, oswest.  
Lyniall, pim.  
Lynley, purse.  
Llyntidmon, oswest.  
Lythe, pim.  
Lythes, cond.    


M  
Madely, wen.  
Marchamley, b. north.  
Marington, chir.  
Marloo, purse.  
Marsh, ford.  
Marton, chir.  
Old Marton, oswest.  
Mastorocke, oswest.  
Mathlynton, clun.  
Maynston, clun.  
Measbury▪ oswest.  
Medeley, wen.  
Medowton, chir.  
Meele, ford.  
Meeson, b. south.  
meal flu.  
Meriton, pim.  
Merverley, oswest.  
Middle, pim.  
Middleton, stot.  
Middleton, mun.  
Middleton, oswest.  
Middleton Scriven, stot.  
Middle hope, mun.  
Milbornestoke, wen.  
Milf●rd, pim.  
Mocktree forest, mun.  
Modlicott, purse.  
Monford, pim  
Mootton, oswest.  
Morda f●u.  
More, purse.  
Morehouses, mun.  
Moreton co●bet, b. n.  
Moreton say, b. nor.  
Moreswood, purse.  
Morse forest▪ stot.  
Morton, oswest.  
Morvill, wen.  
Moston, b. north.  
Mucketon, b. north.  
Muckley, wen.  
Muncke weston, wen.  
Munflow, wen.  
Myddl●ton, chir.  
Mysly Chapel, wen.  
Myllon, over.  
Mylton, stot.  
Mynsterley, ford.  
Mynton, mun.  
Myntowne, purse.  
Mytley, b. north.  
Mytton, pim.    


N  
Nash, over.  
Nenesalers, over.  
Nesse's strange, pim.  
Nesse's little, pim.  
Nesse's cliff, pim.  
Netley, cond.  
Mewcastle, clun.  
Newemarton, pim.  
Newenham, ford.  
Newhall, wen.  
Newness, pim.  
Newood houses, b. north.  
NEWPORT, b. sout.  
Newton, mun.  
Newton, pim.  
Newton, pim.  
Newton, pim.  
Newtonne, b. north.  
Noball, shrew.  
Norbury, purse.  
Norley, wen.  
Northwood, pim.  
North, wen.  
Norton, mun.  
Norton, b. south.  
Norton, b. north.  
Noviley, pim.  
Nunneley, pim.  
Nyneton, stot.    


O  
Obley, clun.  
Ockley park, mun.  
Okenyate, b. south.  
Okley, purse.  
Old Church more, pur.  
Onibury, mun.  
Onslow, shrew.  
Orlton, b. south.  
Osbaston, oswest.  
OSWESTREY, os.  
Otkaynston, clun.  
Oteley, pim.  
Overley, b. north.  
Ouney flu.  
Hour, b. north.  
Oxenbould, wen.    


P  
Parke hall, oswest.  
Partherodricke, clun.  
Parthloge, clun.  
Patton, wen.  
Paynton, b. south.  
Pentregayer, oswest.  
Peplewe, b. north.  
Pepper hill, ●rym.  
Peton, mun.  
Petton, pim.  
Pickestocke, b. north.  
Picklescott, cond.  
Pilson, b. north.  
Pixley, b. north.  
Plashy, cond.  
Ployden, pim.  
Porkinton, oswest.  
Pouderbach Castle, cond.  
Pouderbach Church, cond.  
Pousbury, ford.  
Pousford, ford.  
PREES, b. north.  
Prees heath, b. north.  
Prene, cond.  
Prescott, pym.  
Preston upon wilmore, b. sou..  
Preston brockhurst, pim.  
Preston, b. south.  
Presthoppe, wen.  
Prior's light, b. south.  
Prysweston, chir.  
Pulley, cond.  
Purslawe, purse.  
Pychford, cond.    


Q  
Quatford, stot.  
Quat malverne, stot.  
Quenny flu.    


R  
Rabins wood forest, osw.  
Radnall, oswest.  
Rashton, b. south.  
Ratlinghopp, purse.  
Rayesley, stot.  
Rea flu.  
Red Castle, b. north.  
Rickton, stot.  
Rocadyne, b. south.  
Rodden flu.  
Roddington, chir.  
Roddington, b. south.  
Rodon, b. south.  
Up Rossall, shrew.  
Down Rossall, shrew.  
Rothall chapel, mun.  
Rowndatton, wen.  
Rowton, stot.  
Rowton, ford.  
Rowton, b. south.  
Roxalter, b. south.  
Royton, brim.  
Royton little, cond.  
Royton great, cond.  
Royton, oswest.  
Ruckley, cond.  
Rudge, pim.  
Rugantyn, clun.  
Rushbury, mun.  
Ryelth, clun.  
Ryston, chir.  
Rythin, clun.    


S  
Saint Margret's cle,  
Saint Maltin, oswest.  
Salcrosse, purse.  
Sanford, oswest.  
Sanford, b. north.  
Seffeton, mun.  
Selley, clun.  
Severne flu.  
Sclatryn▪ oswest.  
Shabie, b. north.  
Shadwall, clun.  
Shavington, b. north.  
Sheinton, stot.  
Shesnall, brim.  
Shelderton, purse.  
Shelderton, mun.  
Shelhake, oswest.  
Shelton, shrew.  
Shenton, b. north.  
Shenton, cond.  
Sheve, chir.  
Shipton, wen.  
Shitterstones' hill, ou.  
Shortlet wood, wen.  
Shotton, pim.  
Shrawardine, pim.  
SHROWSBURY.  
Shipley, stot.  
SHIPTON, pur.  
Sidbury, stot.  
Skyborra, clun.  
Slepe, b. south.  
Sleep, pim.  
Smothcott, cond.  
Snawden flu.  
Sned, clun.  
Sowcon, b. north.  
Sponell, wen.  
Sponley, b. north.  
Stanton, brim.  
Stanton, purse.  
Stanton Lacye, mun.  
Stanton, b. north.  
Stanwardine in the wood, pi.  
Stanwardine in the field, pi.  
Stappleton, cond.  
Superstons' hill, chir.  
Stite, purse.  
Stockett, pim.  
Stockton, b. south  
Stockton, brim.  
Stockton, chir.  
Stoke, wen.  
Stoke upon Tearne, b. north.  
Stokesly, mun.  
Stottesdon, stot.  
Stowe, purse.  
Stradbrok flu.  
Stratford, mun.  
Stretchley, b. south.  
Stretton little, mun.  
Strettons, ford.  
Church Streton, mun.  
Sugdon, b. south.  
Sughton, Oswest.  
Sutton, Oswest.  
Sutton, b. north.  
Sutton great, must.  
Sutton little, mun.  
Sutton maddock, bry.  
Sybberscott, ford.  
Sylvington, over.  
Swyney, oswest.    


T  
Tasley, wen.  
Term, b. south.  
Tearne flu.  
Techill, pim.  
Tedesmere, oswest.  
Tetshull, pim.  
Tewkeshill, stot.  
Thembton, brim.  
Tollerton, purse.  
TONGE, brim.  
Trebert, clun.  
Trebrodder, clun.  
Trench, b. north.  
Trench, pim.  
Treornall, oswest.  
Treowarde, clun.  
Trevelegh forest, os.  
Tugford, mun.  
Turklerton, wen.  
Twiford, oswest.  
Tybberton, b. south.  
Tylley, b north.  
Tymberthe, chir.  
Tylsopp, over.  
Tylstock, b. north.    


V  
Vckington, b. south.  
Venyngton, ford.  
Vffington, b. south.  
Vnderton, wen.  
Vppington, b. south.  
Vpton great b. south.  
Vpton Creslet, stot.    


W  
Wall, must.  
Wallford, pim.  
Wallopp, ford.  
Walcot, chir.  
Walcot, b. south.  
Walcot, purse.  
Walliborne, ford.  
Walton, chir.  
Walton, b. north.  
Walton, wen.  
Wambridge, b. south.  
Warren flu.  
Water's Vpton, b. sou..  
Watlesborough, for  
Watling-streete, b. sou  
Weenyngton, ford.  
Welbeche, cond.  
WELLINGTON,  
Wellington forest. b. sou..  
Wem, b. north.  
Wenlock lit e, wen.  
WENLOCK GREAT. wen.  
Wentner, purse.  
Westbury, ford.  
Westhoppe, mun.  
Westley, ford.  
Westley, cond.  
Weston, pim.  
Weston, b. north.  
Weston, purse.  
Weston, chir  
Weston, oswest.  
Weston chapel, wen.  
Wettleton, mun.  
Wheat naston,  
Whelbache, cond.  
Whettle, stot.  
Whichcot chapel o.  
Whitcott kysett, clun.  
Whitcott yevan, clun.  
Whitbatche, purse.  
Whitcott, purse.  
WHITCHURCH.  
Whittinslaw, purse.  
Whittington, oswest.  
Whitton, over.  
Whixall, b. north.  
Wigwigge, wen.  
Wike, wen.  
Wikey, oswest.  
Willaston, b. north.  
Willaston great, for.  
Wislcott, pim  
Wire forest, stot.  
Wistanton, purse.  
Wistanslow, purse.  
Withiford great, b. n.  
Wobury, stot.  
Wolston, oswest.  
Woodcote, shrew.  
Woodcott, b. south.  
Wooderton, chir.  
Woodhouse●, b. sou..  
Woodhouses, oswest.  
Old Woodhouses, b. n.  
Woodlands, b. nor.  
Woodseves, b. north  
Wooferton, mun.  
Wooslaston, cond.  
Worse flu.  
Worthyn, chir.  
Worvill, brim.  
Wotton, oswest.  
Wrekin hill, b. south.  
Wrentnall, ford.  
Wrockerdyne, b. so.  
Wullerton, b. north.  
Wulston, mun.  
Wygmore, ford.  
Wyllmyngton, chir.  
Wyllye, wen.  
Wynsbury, chir.  
Wythington, b. sout.  
Wytton, ford.    


Y  
Yernstree park, mun.  
Yockleton, ford.      

CHESSE-SHIRE, by the Saxons written Cester-scyre, and now the County Palatine of CHESTER is parted upon the North from Lanca-shire with the River Mercey, 
The borders of Chesse-shire.  upon the East by Mercey, Goit, and the Da●e, is separated from Derby and Stafford-shires; upon the South toucheth the Counties of Shrop-shire and Flint; and upon the West with Dee is parted from Denbighshire.  

The form.  (2) The form of this County doth much resemble the right wing of an Eagle, spreading itself from Wirall, and as it were with her pinion, or first feather, toucheth Yorkshire, betwixt which extremes, in following the windings of the Shires divider from East to West, are 47. miles: and from North to South 26. The whole circumference about one hundred forty two miles.  

The Air and Climate.  (3) If the affection to my natural producer blind not the judgement of this my Survey, for air and soil it equals the best, and far exceeds her neighbours the next Counties: for although the Climate be cold, and toucheth the degree of Latitude 54 yet the warmth from the Irish Seas melteth the Snow, and dissolveth the Ice sooner there then in those parts that are further off; and so wholesome for life, that the Inhabitants generally attain to many years.  

The Soil.  (4) The Soil is fat, fruitful, and rich, yielding abundantly both profit and pleasures of man. The Champion grounds make glad the hearts of their tilers: the Meadows embroidered with divers sweet smelling flowers; and the Pastures make the Kines udders to strut to the pail, from whom and wherein the best Cheese of all Europe is made.  

The ancient Inhabitants. CORNAVII▪ CANGI.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants were the CORNAVII, who with Warwickshire, Worcester-shire, Stafford-shire, and Shrop-shire, spread themselves further into this County, as in Ptolemy is placed; and the CANGI likewise if they be the Ceangi, whose remembrance was found upon the shore of this Shire, on the surface of certain pieces of Lead, in this manner inscribed; IMP. DOMIT. AUG. GER. DE CEANG. 
Tacit. Annal. lib. 12. cap. 8.  These Cangi were subdued by P. Ostorius Scapula, immediately before his great victory against Caractacus, where, in the mouth of Deva he built a 
* Chester.  Fortress at the back of the Ordovices, to restrain their power, which was great in those parts, in the reign of Vespasian the Emperor. But after the departure of the Romans, 
Romans.  this Province became a portion of the Saxon Mercians Kingdom: notwithstanding (saith Ran. Higden) the City itself was held by the Britaines until all fell into the Monarchy of Egbert. 
Saxons.   
Of the dispositions of the since Inhabitants, hear Lucian the Monk (who lived presently after the Conquest) speak; They are found (saith he) to differ from the rest of the English, partly better, and partly equal. In feasting they are friendly, at me at cheerful, in entertainment liberal, soon angry, and soon pacified, lavish in words, impatient of servitude, merciful to the afflicted, compassionate to the poor, kind to their kindred, spary of labour, void of dissimulation, not greedy in eating, and far from dangerous practices.  
And let me add thus much, which Lucian could not; namely, 
Annal. Britan.  that this Shire hath never been stained with the blot of rebellion, but ever stood true to their King and his Crown: whose loyalty Richard the second so far found and esteemed, that he held his Person most safe among them, and by authority of Parliament made the County to be a Principality, 
Cheshire made a Principality. Nic. Trevet.  and styled himself Prince of Chester.  
King Henry the third gave it to his eldest son Prince Edward, against whom Lewlyn Prince of Wales 〈…〉 mighty Band, and with them did the Count 〈…〉 even unto the City's gates. With the 〈…〉 it had ofttimes been affrighted, 
A. D. 1255.  which th' 〈…〉 defenced with a Wall made of the Welshman's 〈◊〉 on the Southside of Dee in Hanbridge.  

The Gentility of Chesse-shire.  The Shire may well be said to be a Seedplot of Gentility, and the producer of many most ancient and Worthy Families: neither hath any brought more men of valour into the Field, than Chesse-shire hath done, who by a general speech are to this day called The chief of men: 
Cheshire chief of men.  and for Nature's endowments (besides their nobleness of minds) may compare with any other Nation in the world: their limbs strait and well-composed, their complexions fair, with a cheerful countenance; 
Cheshire women very fair.  and the Women for grace, feature, and bounty, inferior unto none.  

Ranulph. Cest. lib. 1. cap. 48.  (6) The Commodity of this Province (by the report of Ranulphus the Monk of Chester) are chiefly Corn, Cattle, Fish, Fowle, Salt, Mines, Metals, Meres, and Rivers, whereof the banks of Dee in her West, and the Vale-Royall in her midst, for fruitfulness of pasturage equals any other in the Land; either in grain or gain from the Cow.  
(7) These, with all other provision for life, are traded thorough thirtee●e Market-towns in this Shire, whereof Chester is the fairest, from whom the Shire hath the name. A City raised from the Fort of Osterius▪ Lieutenant of Britain for Claudius the Emperor, whither the twentieth Legion (named Victrix) were sent by Galba to restrain the Britain's: 
An. Do. 70.  but grown themselves out of order, julius Agricola was appointed their General by Vespasian, as appeareth by Monies then minted, and there found; and from them (no doubt) by the Britaines the place was called Caer Legion; by Ptolemy, Deunana; by Antonine, Deva; by the Saxons Legea-cesder, and now by us West-chester: but Henry Bradshaw will have it built before Brute, 
Hen. Bradshaw.  by the Giant Leon Gaver, a man beyond the Moon, and called by Marius the vanquisher of the Picts.  
Over Deva or Dee a fair stone-bridge leadeth, built upon eight Arches, at either end whereof is a Gate, from whence in a long Quadren-wise the walls do encompass the City, 
Chester described.  high and strongly built, with four fair Gates opening into the fou●e winds, besides three posterns, and seven Watch-Towers, extending in compass one thousand nine hundred and forty paces.  
On the South of this City is mounted a Strong and stately Castle, round in form, and the base Court likewise enclosed with a circular wall. In the North is the Minster, first built by Earl Leofrike to the honour of Saint Werburga the Virgin; 
The Minster built.  and after most sumptuously repaired by Hugh the first Earl of Chester of the Normans, now the Cathedral of the Bishops See. 
Henry the 4. Emperor of Almain, buried in S. Wereburgs,  Therein lieth interred (as report) doth relate) the body of Henry the fourth, Emperor of Almain, who leaving his Imperial Estate, led lastly therein an Hermit's life.  
This City hath formerly been sore defaced; first by Egfrid King of Northumberland, where he slew twelve hundred Christian Monks, resorted thither from Bangor to pray. Again by the Danes it was sore defaced, when their destroying feet had trampled down the beauty of the Land. But was again rebuilt by Ethelfleada the Mercian Lady, who in this County, 

Eadesburg.  
Finborow.   and Forest of Dilamer, built Eadesburg and Finborow, two fine Cities, nothing of them now remaining, besides the Chamber in the Forest.  
Chester in the days of King Edgar was in most flourishing estate, 

Eadgar▪ triumph.  
Marianu● Scot●●.  
joh Fik.   wherein he had the homage of eight other Kings who rowed his Barge from S. john's to his Palace, himself holding the Helm, as their supreme.  
This City was made a County incorporate of itself by King Henry the seventh, 
Will Malmes. Ran. Higden. Roger Hoven. Alfrid. Beverid. Flores Hist.  and is yearly governed by a Major, with Sword and Mace borne before him in State, two Sheriffs, twenty four Aldermen, a Recorder, a Town-Clerke, and a Sergeant of Peace, four Sergeants, and six Yeomen.  
It hath been accounted the Key into Ireland, and great pity is it that the port should decay, as it daily doth, the Sea being stopped to scour the River by a Causey that thwarteth Dee at her bridge. 
The Causey.  Within the walls of this City are eight Parish-Churches, S. john's the greater and lesser: in the Suburbs are the White Friars, Black Friars, and Nunnery now suppressed. From which City the Pole is elevated unto the degree 53.58. minutes of Latitude, and from the first point of the West in Longitude unto the 17. degree and 18. minutes.  
(8) The Earldom whereof was possessed from the Conqueror, 
The Earls.  till it fell lastly to the Crown, the last of whom (though not with the least hopes) is Prince Henry, who to the Titles of Prince of Wales, and Duke of Cornwall, hath by Succession and right of inheritance, the Earlddom of Chester annexed to his other most happy Styles: Upon whose Person 〈…〉 of Jacob's God may ever attend, to his 〈…〉 Britaines happiness.  
(9) If I should urge credit unto the report of certain Trees floating in Bagmere, only against the deaths of the Heirs of the Breretons, thereby seated, and after to sink until the next like occasion: or enforce for truth the Prophecy which Leyland in a Poetical fury forespoke of Beeston Castle, highly mounted upon a steep hill: I should forget myself and wont opinion, that can hardly believe any such vain predictions, though they be told from the mouths of credit, as Bagmere Trees are, or learned Leyland for Beeston, who thus writeth: 
The day will come when it again shall mount his head aloft,  
If I a Prophet may be heard from Seers that say so oft.  With eight other Castles this Shire hath been strengthened, which were Oldcastle, Shoclach. Shotwitch, Chester, Poulefourd, Dunham, Frodesham, and Haulten: and by the prayers (as then was taught) of eight religious houses therein seated, preserved; which by King Henry the eight were suppressed: namely, Stanlow, Ilbree, Maxfeld Norton, Bunbery, Combermere, Rud-heath, and Vale-Royall, besides the White and Black Friars, and the Nunnery in Chester.  
This Counties division is into seven Hundreds, wherein are seated thirteen Market-towns, eighty six Parish-Churches, and thirty eight Chapels of ease.   map of the county of Chester 
THE county PALATINE OF CHESTER With that most aNCIENT CITY described.  


Hundreds in Cheshire.  
1. Wyrehalo.  
2. Eddesbury.  
3. Broxton.  
4. Northwiche.  
5. Bucklow.  
6. Nantwiche.  
7. Macclesfeild.   


A  
Acton, Eddes.  
Acton, Nant.  
Acton Grange, Buck.  
Adynton, Mac.  
Aggeton, Brox.  
Akedone, Buck.  
Nether Alderleigh, Mac.  
Over Alderleigh Mac.  
Aldelym, Nant.  
Alford, Brox.  
Aldresey, Brox.  
Allostock, North.  
Almare Hall, Brox.  
Alpram, Eddes.  
Alsacher, Nant.  
Alstanston, Nant.  
Alton, Eddes.  
ALTRINGHAM, B.  
Alvandeley, Eddes.  
Alvaston, Nant.  
Anderton, Buck.  
Appleton, Buck.  
Arclydd, North.  
Areley, Buck.  
Armitage, North.  
Arwe, Wyre.  
Ashefeild, Wyre.  
Assheley▪ Buck.  
Asheton, Eddes.  
Assheton, Buck.  
Aston, Nant.  
Aston Grange, Buck.  
Aston Chapel, Buck.  
Ayton, Eddes.  
Ayton, North.    


B  
Bache, Brox.  
Backford, Wyre.  
Badileigh, Nant.  
Baggeleigh, Nant.  
Bagmere Mere, North. 

The Baits, Brox.    
Barkesford, Nant.  
Barnshaw, North.  
Barnston, Wyre.  
Little Barrow, Eddes.  
Great Barrow, Eddes.  
Barterton, Buck.  
Bartherton▪ Nant.  
Barthynton, Buck.  
Barton, Brox.  
Bartumleigh, Nant.  
Bathynton, Nant.  
Over Bebynton, Wyre.  
Nether Bebynton, Wyre. 

The Beacon, Mac.    
Becheton, Nant.  
Beeston, Eddes.  
Beeston Castle, Eddes.  
Bexton, Buck.  
Bickerton, Brox.  
Beleigh, North.  
Birkin Flu.  
Blakenhall, Wyre.  
Blakenhall, Nant.  
Bnyrton, Brox.  
Bolyn, Mac.  
Bollyn Flu.  
Bolynton, Buck.  
Bolynton, Mac.  
Boseleigh, Mac.  
Bostock, North.  
Bought●n, Brox.  
Bouthes, Buck.  
Bowdon, Buck.  
Bradford, North.  
Bradley, Brox.  
Bradley, Buck.  
Bradwell, North.  
Bredbury, Mac.  
Brereton, North.  
Briddesmeyre, Nant.  
Brindeleigh, Nant.  
Brinston, Wyre.  
Bromall, Mac.  
Bromehall, Nant.  
Bromley, Nant.  
Broton hills, Brox.  
Broxton, Brox.  
Broxton hills, Brox.  
Brunburgh, Wyre.  
Brunscath, Wyre.  
Brunynton, Mac.  
Bucklow, Buck.  
Budeston, Wyre.  
Budworth, Eddes.  
Great Budworth, Buck.  
Buglawton▪ North.  
Bukkeley, Brox.  
Bunbury, Eddes.  
Bureton, Nant.  
Burland, Nant.  
Burton, Eddes.  
Burton, Wyre.  
Burton, Brox.  
Burwardley, Brox.  
Butteleigh, Mac.  
Byrches, North.  
Byrchelles, Mac.    


C  
Caldey, Wyre.  
Great Caldey, Wyre.  
Caldecott, Brox.  
Calveleigh, Eddes.  
Capenhurst, Wyre.  
Capensthorne, Mac.  
Cardyn, Brox.  
Caringham, North.  
Carrynton, Buck.  
Chalkyleigh, Nant.  
Chad Chapel, Brox.  
The Chamber in the Forest, Edde.  
Chapel in the street, Buck.  
Chedle, Mac.  
Chelford, Mac.  
WEST CHESTER, Bro.  
Children Thotron, Wyre.  
Cholmton, Eddes.  
Cholmundley, Brox.  
Cholmundeston, Nant.  
Chorleigh, Nant.  
Chorleigh, Mac.  
Chorleton, Nant.  
Chorleton, Brox.  
Chorleton, Wyre.  
Chowley, Brox.  
Churchenheath, Brox.  
Churton, Brox.  
Chydlow, Brox.  
Clareton, Brox.  
Claughton, Wyre.  
Clifton, Buck.  
Clotton, Eddes.  
Clutton, Brox.  
Clyve, North.  
Codynton, Eddes.  
Coddynton, Brox.  
Coggeshall, Buck.  
Coily, Nant.  
Combermere, Nant.  
CONGLETON, Nan.  
Conghull, Brox.  
Church Copenhall, Nant.  
Coton, North.  
Coton, Brox.  
Crabball, Wyre.  
Cranage, North.  
Crauton, Eddes.  
Crew, Nant.  
Crew, Brox.  
Church Cristleton, Brox.  
Little Cristleton, Brox.  
Rowe Cristleton, Brox.  
Croughton, Wyre.  
Croxton, North.  
Cumberbache, Buck.    


D  
Dane Flu. North.  
Dane Flu. Mack.  
Dane Inch, North.  
Dareley, Eddes.  
Darford, Nant.  
Darnall Grange, Eddes.  
Davenham, North.  
Davenport, North.  
Delamere Forrest, Edd.  
Deresbury, Buck.  
Disteleigh, Mack.  
Dodcot, Nant.  
Doddynton, Nant.  
Dodleston, brox.  
Dodynton, Brox.  
Dokenfeild, Mack.  
Dokynton, Brox.  
Downs, Mack.  
Dunham, Buc.  
Dunham, Eddes.  
Dudden, Eddes.  
Dutton, Buc.    


E  
Eaten boat, Brox.  
Ecchelles, Mac.  
Eccleston, Bro.  
Edlaston, Nant.  
Edge, Bro.  
Eggerton, Bro.  
Elton, Edd●●.  
Elton, North.  
Erdley hall, Mac.  
Estham, Wyre.    


F  
Fadisleigh, Nant.  
Fallybrome, Mac.  
Farndon, Bro. 

The ferry, Wyre.    
Finborow, Eddes.  
Flaxyards, Eddes.  
Frankby, Wyre.  
FRODDESHAM, Ed.  
Froddesham hills, Eddes.  
Fulbrooke Flu.    


G  
Gayton, North.  
Grafton, Bro. 

Le Granne, Wyre.    
Graysby, Wyre. 

Le Green●, Wyre.    
Grimsdiche, Buck.  
Gropenhall, Buc.  
Grynley, Bro.  
Godleigh, Mac.  
Goit, Flu.  
Goit hall, Mac.  
Gostree, North.  
Goulborne David, Bro.  
Goulborne below, Bro.  
Gowseworth, M●●.  
Gowy Flu.    


H  
H●le▪ Buck.  
Halghton, Eddes.  
Halywell, Brox.  
Hampton, Bro.  
Hanley, Bro.  
Hanton, Bro.  
Happesford, Eddes.  
Harbridge, Bro.  
Harden, Mac.  
Haslewall, Wyre.  
Haslyngton, Nant.  
Haslall, Nant.  
Hatherton, Nant.  
Hartesleigh, Mac.  
Hatton, Buc.  
Hatton, Bro.  
Haulton, Buc.  
Haukylow, Nant.  
Hawarden, bro.  
Hellesby torr, Eddes.  
Hellesby, Eddes.  
Henbury, Mac.  
Henhall, Nant.  
Henshaw, Mac.  
Hertford, Eddes.  
Herthull, brox.  
Highcliffe hill, Buc.  
Hokchull, Eddes.  
Holes, North.  
Hole, brox.  
Holford, North.  
Hollynworth, Mac.  
Honford, Mac.  
Honore, bro.  
Hooton, Wyre.  
Horton, bro.  
Hough, Nant.  
Houlme▪ North.  
Houlme, North.  
Church Houlme, North.  
Howfeild, Eddes.  
Hull, buck.  
Huntingdon, brox.  
Hunsterston, Nant.  
Hurdesfeild, mac.  
Hurleston, Nant.  
Huxley, bro.    


I  
Idenshaw, Eddes.  
Inoe, Eddes.  
Irreby, Wyre.    


K  
Kekewick, buc.  
Kelsell, Eddes.  
Kent green, North.  
Kerthingham, North.  
Ketelsholme, mac.  
Kiddington, bro.  
Kingesley, Eddes.  
Kirkby in Valley, Wyre.  
West Kirkby, Wyre.  
Knocktyron, Wyre.  
KNOTTESFORD, buc.  
Kynarton, bro.  
Kynderton, North.    


L  
Lache, brox.  
Lache Deneys, North.  
Lacheford, buc.  
Landecan, Wyre.  
Lareton, Wyre.  
Larkton, bro.  
Church Lawton, North.  
Lea, Wyre.  
Lea, North.  
Lea Chap. buc●.  
Lee, Na●●.  
Lee, bro.  
Lee, Flu.  
Leddesham, Wyre.  
Leford, Wyre.  
Leighes, North.  
High Leigh, buck.  
Leighton, Wyre.  
Lestwiche, North.  
Lostocke Flu.  
Lostocke gralam, North.  
Luscard, Wyre.  
Lyme, mac.  
Limb, buck.    


M  
MACCLESFEILD, mac.  
Macclesfeild Forrest, mac.  
MALPAS, brox.  
Manley, Eddes.  
Marbury, buck.  
Marbury, Nant.  
Marleston, bro.  
Marsheton, buc.  
Marthall, buc.  
Marton, mac.  
Marton mere, mac.  
Marton, Eddes.  
Malefen, bro.  
Matteleigh, mac.  
Medietate, North.  
Little Meoles, Wyre.  
Great Meoles, Wyre.  
Merpull, mac.  
Mersey Flu.  
Meyre, buc.  
Micklehurst, mac.  
Middleton Grange, buc.  
MIDDLEWICHE, North.  
Milnhouse, mac.  
Milpoole, Nant.  
Mobberley, buc.  
Moldworth Great, Eddes.  
Little Moldworth, Eddes.  
Molynton Banestre, Wyre.  
Molynton torrend, wire.  
Monks Copenhall, Nant.  
Moor, buck.  
Moresbarowe, North.  
Moreton, wire.  
Moreton, North.  
Morton, buc.  
Moston, North.  
Moston, brox.  
Mottram Andrew, mac.  
Mortram in Longdendale, mac.  
Moulton, North.  
Mulneton, Eddes.  
Mulynton, buc.  
Mynshull vernon, North.  
Church Mynshull, Nant.    


N  
NANTWICHE, Nan.  
Nesse, wire.  
Little Neston, wire. 

Great Neston, wire.    
Netherton, Eddes.  
Newbold, brox.  
Newbold, wire.  
Newbold astbury, Nort.  
Newhall, North.  
Newhall, mac.  
Newhall, Nant.  
Newton Chapel, mac.  
Newton, bro.  
Newton, buc.  
Newton, Eddes.  
Newton, wire.  
Newton, bro.  
Newton, bro.  
Newton, North.  
Norbury, mac.  
Norbury, Nant.  
Norleigh, Eddes.  
Norton, buck.  
Norton Priory decayed, wire.  
Northerden, mac.  
NORTHWICHE North.  
Northwiche Castle, Eddes.    


O  
Offerton, mac.  
Oggerleigh, brox.  
Okehanger Mere, Nant.  
Oldfeild, wire.  
Oldcastle, bro.  
Ollarton, buck.  
Olton, Eddes.  
Over, Eddes.  
Overchurch, wire.  
Overton, mac.  
Overton, bro.  
Ouleston, North.  
Ouston, Eddes.  
Oxton, wyr●.    


P  
Partington, buc.  
Peckferton, Eddes.  
Pennesby, wire.  
Pephull, mac.  
Nether Pever, but.  
Over Pever, buc.  
Pever Flu.  
Pickmer, buc.  
Pickmere, buc.  
Pickton, buc.  
Plemestoo, bro.  
Plumleigh, buc.  
Plymyard, wire.  
Podynton, wire.  
Ponyngton, mac.  
Portwood Hall mac.  
Fools, Nant.  
Nether Poole, wire.  
Over Poole, wire.  
Pooton Lancele, wire.  
Port Chap, mac.  
Poulford, bro.  
Poulton, bro.  
Poulton, wire.  
Pownall, mac.  
Powsey, buck.  
Prenton, wire.  
Prestbury, mac.  
Preston, buck. 

The Pyle, Eddes.      


R  
Raby, wire.  
Radnor, North.  
Ranenow, mac.  
Ravenscroft, North.  
Red Rock, wire.  
Redings, buc.  
Ridge, mac.  
Ridley, Eddes.  
Ringay Flu.  
Rock Savage, buck.  
Rode-hall, North.  
North Rode, mac.  
Romyleigh Chapel, mac.  
Ronaire, wire.  
Roncorne, buc.  
Roop, Nant.  
Rotherstorne, buc.  
Rudheath, North.  
Russheton, Eddes.  
Rushton, North.    


S  
Sale, buc.  
Salghall little, wire.  
Salghall mafly, wire.  
Salghton, brox.  
Sandyway, Eddes.  
Secome, wire.  
Shavinton, Nant.  
Shilbroke, North.  
Shokylache, brox.  
Church Shokylache, brox.  
Shotwicke, wire.  
Rough Shotwicke, wire.  
Shrigliegh, mac.  
Shrowesbury Abbey, buck.  
Shurlingeslaw Hill, mac.  
Smallwood, North.  
Smetenham, North.  
Smethewick, North.  
Soelleston, mac.  
Somerford, North.  
Somerford, mac.  
SONDBACHE, North.  
Sound, Nant.  
spital, wire.  
Sparston, North.  
Spurstow, Eddes.  
Spurlache, North.  
Stackten, buc.  
Stanford, bro.  
Stanford bridge, Nant.  
Stanley, Eddes.  
Great Stanney, Nant.  
Stanthorne, North.  
Stapleford, bro.  
Stapleford, Eddes.  
Stapleleigh, Nant.  
Staveleigh, mac.  
Stockton, brox.  
Stockham, buc.  
Stoke, Nant.  
Stoke, wire.  
Stoorton, wire.  
STOPFORD, mac.  
Stretton, bro.  
Stretton Chap. buc.  
Stubbes, North.  
Sutton, mac.  
Sutton, buc.  
Sutton, brox.  
Sutton, North.  
Little Sutton, wire.  
Great Sutton, wire.  
Swanlowe, Eddes.  
Sydenhall, brox.  
Sydinton, mac.    


T  
Over Tableigh, buck.  
Nether Tableigh, buck.  
Tame Flu.  
Totenhall, bro.  
Totenhall Heath, brox.  
Tatton, buck.  
Taxhall, mac.  
Taxall, mac.  
TERVIN, Eddes.  
Tetton, North.  
Teverton, Eddes.  
Thingetwistee, mac.  
Thingwall, wire.  
Thelwell Chapel, buck.  
Thorneton, Eddes.  
Thorneton Mayow, wire.  
Thurstanten, wire.  
Tilston, brox.  
Tittenleigh, Nant.  
Torkynton, mac.  
Torpurley, Eddes.  
Tost, buc.  
Tramnole, wire.  
Great Troughford, brox.  
Bridge Troughford, Eddes.  
Tuffinham, bro.  
Twembroke, North.  
Twenlow, North.  
Tydeleston Farnehall, Eddes.  
Tyderington, North.  
Tymperleigh, buc.    


V  
Vale-riall, Eddes.  
Vernon, Nant.  
Upton, mac.  
Upton, wire.  
Upton, bro.  
Urdesseigh, mac.  
Utkynton, Eddes.    


W  
Walfeild, North.  
Wallatt●n, Eddes.  
Walrescote, Eddes.  
Over Walton, buc.  
Nether Walton, buc.  
Walwarne Flu.  
Warbunton Chapel, buc.  
Wardley Eddes.  
Wareton, North.  
Wareton, brox.  
Warmingham, North.  
Wayleigh, mac.  
Webunbery, Nant.  
Weever, Eddes.  
Weever Flu.  
Welshrowe, Nant.  
Welford, buc.  
Weston, buc.  
Weston, Nant.  
Wetenhall Chap. Eddes.  
Weverham, Eddes.  
Whatcraft, North.  
Whelocke, North.  
Whelocke Flu.  
Whelocke Flu.  
Whernythe, mac.  
Over Whiteley, buc.  
Nether Whiteley, buc.  
Whitby, wire.  
Whitegate, Eddes.  
Wichehalgh, bro.  
Wigland, bro.  
Wimslaw, mac.  
Wintel●y, Nant.  
Winyngton, Eddes.  
Wistanton, Nant.  
Withamshaw, buc.  
Witton, North.  
Wollaston, wire.  
Wollaston, Nant.  
Wolstanwood, Nant.  
Woodbanke, wire.  
Woodcot, Nant.  
Woodchurch, wire.  
Woodford, mac.  
Woodhay, Nant.  
Woodhead, mac.  
Woodhouses, Eddes.  
Worleston, Nant.  
Wreton, North.  
Wrenbury, Nant.  
Wryenhill, Nant.  
Wrynehill Hall, Nant.  
Wymbold strongford, Eddes.  
Wymboldesley, North.  
Wynyngton, Eddes.  
Wynyngham, bu●.  
Wyreswall, Nant.  
Wyrwyn, brox.  
Wythinton, mac.    


Y  
Yardswicke, North.  
Yaton, mac.      

LANCA-SHIRE.  
THE County Palatine of Lancaster (famous for the four Henry's, 
The confines.  the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh, Kings of England, derived from john of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster) is upon the South confined and parted by the River Mersey, from the County Palatine of Chester; the fair County of Darbyshire bordering upon the East; the large County of Yorkshire, together with Westmoreland and Cumberland, being her kind neighbours upon the North, and the Sea called Mare Hibernicum embracing her upon the West.  

Form.  (2) The form thereof is long, for it is so enclosed between Yorkshire, on the East side, and the Irish Sea on the West, that where it boundeth upon Cheshire on the South side, it is broader, and by little and little more Northward it goeth (confining upon Westmoreland) the more narrow it groweth It containeth in length from Brathey Northward, 
Dimensitie.  to Halwood Southward, fifty seven miles; from Denton in the East, to Formby by Altmouth in the West, thirtie-one; and the whole circumference in compass, one hundred threescore and ten miles.  

Air.  (3) The Air is subtle and piercing, not troubled with gross vapours or foggy mists, by reason whereof the people of that Country live long and healthfully, and are not subject to strange and unknown diseases.  

Soil.  (4) The Soil for the generality is not very fruitful, yet it produceth such numbers of Cattle, of such large proportion, and such goodly heads, and horns, as the whole Kingdom of Spain doth scarce the like. It is a Country replenished with all necessaries for the use of man, 
Commodities.  yielding without any great labour, the Commodity of Corn, Flax, Grass, Coals, and such like. The Sea also adding her blessing to the Land, that the people of that Province want nothing that serves either for the sustenance of nature, or the satiety of appetite. They are plentifully furnished with all sorts of Fish, Flesh, and Fowls. Their principal fuel is Coal and Turf, which they have in great abundance, the Gentlemen reserving their woods very carefully, 
Woods carefully preserved in this Shire.  as a beauty and principal ornament to their Manors and houses. And though it be far from London (the capital City of this Kingdom) yet doth it every year furnish her and many other parts of the Land besides, with many thousands of Cattle (bred in this Country) giving thereby and otherwise a firm testimony to the world, of the blessed abundance that it hath pleased God to enrich this noble Dukedom withal.  

The old Inhabitants.  (5) This Counties ancient Inhabitants were the brigants, of whom there is more mention in the description of Yorkshire, 
Roman.  who by Claudius the Emperor were brought under the Roman subjection▪ that so held and made it their Seat, secured by their Garrisons, as hath been gathered as well by many Inscriptions found in walls and ancient monuments fixed in stones, as by certain Altars erected in favour of their Emperors. 
Saxon.  After the Romans, the Saxons brought it under their protection, and held it for a part of their Northumbrian Kingdom, till it was first made subjugate to the invasion of the Danes, 
Dane.  and then conquered by the victorious Normans, 
Norman.  whose posterities from thence are branched further into England.  
(6) Places of Antiquity or memorable note, are these: the Town of Manchester (so famous, 
Manchester.  as well for the Marketplace, Church, and College, as for the resort unto it for clothing) was called Mancunium by Antonine the Emperor, and was made a Fort and Station of the Romans.  

Riblechester.  Riblechester (which taketh the name from Rhibell, a little River near (lithero) though it be a small Town, yet by tradition hath been called the richest Town in Christendom, and reported to have been the Seat of the Romans, which the many Monuments of their Antiquities, Statues, pieces of Coin, and other several Inscriptions, digged up from time to time by the Inhabitants, may give us sufficient persuasion to believe.  

Lancaster more pleasant than full of people.  But the Shire-town is Lancaster, more pleasant in situation, then rich of Inhabitants, built on the South of the River Lon, and is the same Longovicum, where (as we find in the Notice Provinces) a company of the Longovicarians under the Lieutenant General of Britain lay. The beauty of this Town is in the Church, Castle, and Bridge: her streets many, and stretched far in length. Unto this Town King Edward the third granted a Mayor and two Bailiffs, 
The grant of King Edward the third unto the Town of Lancaster.  which to this day are elected out of twelve Brethren, assisted by twenty-foure Burgesses, by whom it is yearly governed, with the supply of two Chamberlains, a Recorder, Town-Clerke, and two Sergeants at Mace. The elevation of whose Pole is in the degree of Latitude 54. and 58. scruples, and her Longitude removed from the first West point unto the degree 17. and 40. scruples.  
(7) This Country in divers places suffereth the force of many flowing tides of the Sea, 
It is severed in some places by the force of the Sea.  by which (after a sort) it doth violently rend asunder one part of the Shire from the other: as in Fourenesse, where the Ocean being displeased that the shore should from thence shoot a main way into the West, hath not obstinately ceased from time to time to flash and mangle it, and with his fell eruptions and boisterous tides to devour it.  
Another thing there is, not unworthy to be recommended to memory, that in this Shire, not far from Fourenesse Fels, the greatest standing water in all England (called Winander-Mere) lieth, 
Winander-mere.  stretched out for the space of ten miles of wonderful depth, and all paved with stone in the bottom: and along the Seaside in many places may be seen heaps of sand, upon which the people power water, until it recover a saltish humour, which they afterwards boil with Turfs, till it become white Salt.  
(8) This Country, as it is thus on the one side freed by the natural resistance of the Sea from the force of Invasions, so is it strengthened on the other by many Castles and fortified places, that take away the opportunity of making Roads and Incursions in the Country. 
It was last made subject to the West-Saxon Monarchy.  And as it was with the first that felt the fury of the Saxon cruelty, so was it the last and longest that was subdued under the West-Saxon Monarchy.  
(9) In this Province our noble Arthur (who died laden with many trophies of honour) is reported by Ninius to have put the Saxons to flight in a memorable battle near Douglasse, 
Arthur put to flight the Saxons.  a little Brook not far from the Town of Wiggin. But the attempts of war, as they are several, so they are uncertain: for they made not Duke Wade happy in this success, 
Duke Wade put to the worst.  but returned him an unfortunate enterpriser in the Battle, which he gave to Ardulph King of Northumberland, at Billangho, in the year 798. So were the events uncertain in the Civil Wars of York and Lancaster: 
The civil wars of York and Lancaster.  for by them was bred and brought forth that bloody division and fatal strife of the Noble Houses, that with variable success to both parties (for many years together) molested the peace and quiet of the Land, and defiled the earth with blood, in such violent manner, that it exceeded the horror of those Civil Wars in Rome, that were betwixt Marius and Sylla, Pompey and Caesar, Octavius and Antony; or that of the two renowned Houses Valois and Bourbon, that a long time troubled the State of France: for in the division of these two Princely Families there were thirteen fields fought, and three Kings of England, one Prince of Wales, twelve Dukes, one Marquis, eighteen Earls, one Viscount, and three and twenty Barons, besides Knights and Gentlemen, lost their lives in the same. 
Their happy conjunction.  Yet at last, by the happy marriage of Henry the seventh, King of England, next heir to the House of Lancaster, with Elizabeth daughter and heir to Edward the fourth, of the House of York, the white and red Roses were conjoined, in the happy uniting of those two divided Families, from whence our thrice renowned Sovereign Lord King james, by fair sequence and succession, doth worthily enjoy the Diadem: by the benefit of whose happy government, this County Palatine of Lancaster is prosperous in her Name and Greatness.  
(10) I find the remembrance of four Religious houses that have been founded within this County (and since suppressed) both fair for structure and building, and rich for seat and situation: 
Castles.  namely, Burstogh, Whalleia, Holland, and Penwortham. It is divided into six Hundreds, 
Hundreds.  besides Fournesse Fellers & Lancaster's Liberties, that lie in the North part. It is beautified with fifteen Market-towns, 
Market towns.  both fair for situation and building, and famous for the concourse of people for buying and selling. 
Parishes.  It hath twentie-sixe Parishes, besides Chapels, (in which they duly frequent to divine Service) and those populous, as in no part of the Land more.   map of the county of Lancaster 
THE COUNT PALATINE OF LANCASTER DESCRIBED AND DIVIDED INTO HUNDREDS 1610  


HUNDREDS in Lanca-shire.  
1. Loynsedale.  
1. Amoundernes.  
3. Blackburne.  
4. Lailand.  
5. West Derby.  
6. Salford.   


A  
Abram, West.  
Accrington new, Black.  
Accrington, Black.  
Adlington, Lail.  
Aighton, Black.  
Akrinton chapel, blac.  
Aldingham, Loyn.  
Alham, Black  
Alker, West.  
Allerton, West.  
Alt flu.  
Altmouth, West.  
Althome, Black.  
Alston, Amound.  
Andertonford, West.  
Anderton, West.  
Appleton, west.  
Ardwicke, Sal.  
Argholme, Loyn.  
Ar●lath L●●●.  
Arnesyd, loyn.  
Arum, loyn.  
Ashley, Lail.  
Ashurst, West.  
Ashton, Loyn.  
Ashton, Sal.  
Ashton in Makerfield, West.  
Ashton chapel West.  
Ashton under line, Sal.  
Ashworth, Sal.  
Astley, Lail.  
Astley, Sal.  
Astley, West.  
Aspull, Sal.  
Atherton, sal.  
Atherton, West.  
Attithwan, Loyn.  
Aughton, West.  
Aughton, Loyn.  
Aucliffe, loyn.  
Aynetres, West.  
Aytenfeild, sal.    


B  
Bacup, Sal.  
Bar, Loyn.  
Bal●di●on, Black.  
Baley, Black.  
Bankhall, West.  
Bardley, Loyn.  
Barlow, sal.  
Barnsyde, Black.  
Baro head, loyn.  
Old Bairo I'll, loyn.  
Barton, Amound.  
Barton, sal.  
Barton, West.  
Beckonfall lail.  
Bedforde, West.  
Bergerode, Amound.  
Bewsey, West.  
Bickerstaffe, West.  
Bigger, loyn.  
Bilesborowe, Amound.  
Billington, Black.  
Billing West.  
Birche, West.  
Bispham, Lail.  
Bispham, Amound.  
BLACKBURN, Black.  
Blackley, sal.  
Blackbrode, sal.  
Blackstone edge, sal.  
Blackrode, West.  
Blawithe, Loyn.  
Blesdaile, Amound.  
Bolland, Black.  
Bold, West.  
Boothe, West.  
Booths hall, sal.  
Borwick, Loyn.  
Bottom, Loyn.  
Boulton, Loyn.  
BOULTON, Sal.  
Bouth, Loyn.  
Bowland forest, Amo.  
Bradley, West.  
Bradsey, Loyn.  
Bradshaw, sal.  
Bradlesham, sal.  
Brathey, Loyn.  
Brereclist, Black.  
Brindle, Lail.  
Brinsap, West.  
Brockall, Amound.  
Broke flu.  
Brotherton, Lail.  
Broughton, Amound.  
Broughton in Carmel, Loyn.  
Broughton in fournes, Loyn.  
Brundall, Black.  
Bryn, West.  
Brining, Amound.  
Bulk, Loyn.  
Burcots, Loyn.  
Burgh, Lail.  
BURY, Sal.  
Burn●ley, Black.  
Burrow, Loyn.  
Burscough, West.  
Burscott Abbey West.  
Burton wood, West.  
Butterworth, Sal.  
Byram, West.    


C  
Calder flu.  
Calder flu.  
Cansfeild, Loyn.  
Cappul, Lail.  
Car, West.  
Carleton, Amound.  
Carpmansal, Loyn.  
Cartmell, Loyn.  
Cartlone passage, Loyn.  
Castleton, sal.  
Caton, Loyn.  
Catford hall, Amound.  
Catterall, Amound.  
Chadgley, Black.  
Chatmosse, sal.  
Chatburne, Black.  
Chattertoun, sal.  
Charnock, Lail.  
Charnock Richard, Lail.  
Chaverton Chapel, Sal.  
Cheeton, Sal.  
Childwell, West.  
Childwall, West.  
Chippin, Black.  
Chirche, Black.  
Chorley, Lail.  
Chorlton, Sal.  
New Church, Black.  
Class, Loyn.  
Claton hall, Sal.  
Claton in the dale, Bla.  
Claton in the more, Bl.  
Claughton, Loyn.  
Clawghton, Amound.  
Clayton, Lail.  
Clegge, Sal.  
Clifton, sal.  
Clifton, Amound.  
Clithcrowe, Black.  
Cloughoo hill, Loyn.  
Cockerham, loyn.  
Cockley chap. Sal.  
Coker flu.  
Coker sandala, Loyn.  
Coldcoats, Black.  
Colder flu.  
The College, Sal.  
COLNE, Black.  
Conder flu.  
Coniston, Loyn.  
Conyside passage, Loyn.  
Corney raw, Amound.  
Cotham, Amound.  
Coulton, Loyn.  
Crackford, Loyn.  
Cranfurth, Loyn.  
Cressingham, Loyn.  
Crossed, West.  
Crompton, Sal.  
Cronton, West.  
Crosby great, West.  
Crosby little, West.  
Croshall West.  
Croshouse, Loyn.  
Croston, Lail.  
Crostath, West.  
Crumsall, Sal.  
Culcheth, West.  
Cunseough, West.  
Curdeley, West.    


D  
Dalton, Loyn.  
Dalton, loyn.  
Dalton, West.  
Darwin flu.  
Doulton Castle, Loyn.  
Dean, Sal.  
Denaholme, Sal.  
Denton, Sal.  
Denton hall, Sal.  
Derbie west West.  
Diddesbury, Sal.  
Dilworthe, Black.  
Ditton, West.  
Docker, Loyn.  
Docker flu.  
Dowgles, Lail.  
Dowgles flu.  
Downham, Black.  
Down-holland, West.  
Drilsden, Sal.  
Duckley, Black.  
Dudden flu.  
Dunkinbalgh, Black.  
Durwen upper, black.  
Durwen nether, black.  
Dutton, black.  
Duxburye, Lail.    


E  
Eatenburgh, Lail.  
Earton, West.  
Eccleston, West.  
Eccleston little, Amoun.  
Eccleston, Lail.  
Eckles, Sal.  
Edgecrosse, Sal.  
Edgeworth, Sal.  
Edmarch Chappel, Am.  
Egleston, West.  
Egton, Loyn.  
Elandas, Loyn.  
Elhills, Loyn.  
Ellynburgh, Sal.  
Elswicke, Amound.  
Elston, Amound.  
South End, Loyn.  
North End, Loyn.  
Extwist, Black.    


F  
Failsworth, Sal.  
Farleton, Loyn.  
Farneworth, West.  
Farrington, Lail.  
Fawbridge, Black.  
Fazakerley, West.  
Fernehead, West.  
Fildesly, West.  
Fithwick, Amound.  
Flixton, Sal.  
Flokesharo, Loyn.  
Formebye, West.  
Fosse flu.  
Fulney I'll, Loyn.  
Fournise fells, loyn.  
Fournesse, loin.  
Foxdenton, Sal.  
Freckleton great, Amo.  
Frith hall, Loyn.  
Fulwood, Amound.    


G  
Garret, Sal.  
Garstrange Church, Amound.  
GARSTRANGE, Am.  
Garston, West.  
Glason, Loyn.  
Glasbrooke, West.  
Glasten Castle, Loyn.  
Golborne, West.  
Gorton, Sal.  
Gousnargh, Amound.  
Gowborn head, Loyn.  
The Grange, Amound.  
Grathwat, Loyn.  
Grene, West.  
Greeno, Amound.  
Greenno Castle, Amo.  
Greenhalph, Amound.  
Gresgarth, Loyn.  
Gressingham, Loyn.  
Grimstore, Amound.  
Grisedale, Loyn.  
Grysehurst, Sal.    


H  
Hackinston, Amound.  
Hackensdall, Amound.  
Haclelock, West.  
Haighe, West.  
Haighton, Amound.  
Hale, West.  
Halewood, West.  
West Hall, Loyn.  
Halliwell, Sal.  
Halsall, West.  
Halton, loyn.  
Hambleton, Amound.  
Hamfeild hall, loyn.  
Handley, black.  
Hapton, black.  
Hardhorne, Amound.  
Harrock hall, lail.  
Hartlebeck flu.  
Harwich Chapel, Sal.  
Hardwood, sal.  
Harwood little, black.  
Harwood great, black.  
Hastingden, black.  
Haughton west, sal.  
Hauxshead, loyn.  
Haucolme Chapel, Sal.  
Hay, West.  
Haycote, loyn.  
Heapey, lail.  
Heath, lail.  
Heaton, loyn.  
Heaton, sal.  
Heaton Norris, sal.  
S. Helins, West.  
Henthorne, black.  
Heskin, lai.  
Heskethe, lai.  
Hest loin.  
Hestbanke passage, lai.  
Heyhouses, black.  
Highfeild, loyn.  
Hill, lai.  
Hindley, West.  
Hinton, West.  
Hodder flu.  
Hollcroft, West.  
Holland Chappel, West.  
Holme, black.  
Holme, sal.  
holin, West.  
Holme, West.  
Hoole much, lai.  
Hoole little, lai.  
Hopwood, sal.  
Horneby Castle, loyn.  
Horwiche, sal.  
Hotherfall, Amound.  
Houghton, lai.  
Houghton tower, black.  
Houghton Chapel, W  
Houghwick, lai.  
Howker, loyn.  
Hugh hall, sal.  
Hulton park, sal.  
Hulton, sal.  
Huncot, black.  
Hunderfeild, sal.  
Hurleston hall, West.  
Hut, West.  
Hutton, loyn.  
Hutton, lai.  
Hutton, loyn.  
Hyndborn flu.  
Hysham, loyn.    


I  
Ighlenhill park, black.  
Iswick, Amound.  
Ince, West.  
Ince blundell, West.  
Inkeslip, Amound.  
Inskippe, Amound.  
S. John's chapel, Amo.  
Irebye, loyn.  
Irwell flu.    


K  
Kallamer, Amound.  
Kellet nether, loyn.  
Kellet over, loyn.  
Ken flu.  
Ken sands, loyn.  
Kenmon, West.  
Kermansholme, sal.  
Keverdale, black.  
Kilcheth, West.  
Kirkebie, West.  
Kirkebye Irelethe, loyn.  
Kirkedale, West.  
KIRKEHAM, Amoun.  
Kirkland, Amound.  
Knowesley, West.  
Kuleshill, black.    


L  
Lailand mose, lai.  
Lailand, lai.  
LANCASTER, loyn.  
Langhoo hall, black.  
Langton Chapel, lai.  
Langtree, lai.  
Larbreck, Amound.  
Larbricke, Amound.  
Lastok, sal.  
Lathome, West.  
Laton, Amound.  
The Land, Amound.  
Lawcon, West.  
Law, black.  
S. Laurence. Amound.  
Lea, Amound.  
Lecke, loyn.  
Lee, loyn.  
Leece, loyn.  
Legba●o, loyn.  
Leighe, West.  
Leighe west, West.  
Lerpoole haven, West.  
LERPOOLE, West.  
Little Lever, sal.  
Great Lever, Sal.  
Leven Sands, loyn.  
Leyghton, loyn.  
Linecar, West.  
Litherland, West.  
Littleburgh, sal.  
The Lodge, lai.  
The Lodge, Amound.  
Longridgehill, black.  
Longridge Chappel, black.  
Longton, lai.  
Lostock, sal.  
Low, West.  
Lowick, loyn.  
Lun flu.  
Lycha●e, West.  
Lydiate, West.  
Lyndell, loyn.  
Lythome, Amound.  
Lyvesey, black.    


M  
MANCHESTER, sal.  
Marton, West.  
Marton mere, West.  
Marton mose, Amound.  
Marton mere, Amound.  
Marshden, black.  
Martholme, black.  
Masengill, loyn.  
Meals, West.  
Mearley, black.  
Meawdisley, lai.  
Medler, Amound.  
Medlock flu.  
Melling, loyn.  
Melling, West.  
Mellor, black.  
Michael's Church, Amoun.  
Middleton, sal.  
Middleton, loyn.  
Mierstough, Amound.  
Milnerow, sal.  
Mitton, black.  
Morelees, sal.  
Mosbarrow, West.  
Moscroft, West.  
The Moss, West.  
Moston, sal.  
Mowbricke, Amound.    


N  
Nateby hall, Amound.  
Newbiggin, loyn.  
Newbridge, loyn.  
Newburgh, West.  
Newchurch, West.  
Newhall, West.  
Newhall, sal.  
Newland, loyn.  
New park, West.  
Nowton, loyn.  
Newton, Amound.  
Newton, Amound.  
Newton, sal.  
Newton, loyn.  
Newton in make●feild, West.  
Nibthwat, loyn.  
Nighull, West.  
Norbreck, Amound.  
Northmeal●●, West.    


O  
ORMESCHURCH.  
Orrel, West.  
O●baldeston, black.  
Osmonderley, loyn.  
Oswoldtwist, black.  
Overto●, loyn.  
Ouldham, sal.  
Oxecliffe, loyn.  
Oxenfeild, loyn.    


P  
Paddynham, black.  
Park flu.  
New Park, West.  
Parbold, lai.  
Part, West.  
The Peel, lai.  
The Peel, West.  
Pembleton, West.  
Pendle hill, black.  
Pendleton, black.  
Pendleton, sal.  
Penketh, West.  
Pennington, loyn.  
Penwortham, lai.  
Pilkington, sal.  
Pilline mose, Amound.  
Pillin hall, Amound.  
Pleasingh●on, black.  
Plumpton wood, Amoun.  
Plumpton, Amound.  
Plumpton, loyn.  
Pooleton, West.  
Powton, Amound.  
Prescott, West.  
PRESTON, Amoun.  
Prestwiche, sal.  
Prisall, Amound.  
Priscoo, Amound.  
Prise, Amound.  
Pulten, loyn.  
Punnington, West.  
The Pyle of fondraw, loyn.    


Q  
Quernmore, loyn.    


R  
Radcliffe, sal.  
Ramsyde, loyn.  
Ratcliffe, sal.  
Raventon, lai.  
Ravenpik hill, sal.  
Rawcliffe nether, Am.  
Rawcliffe over, Am.  
Raynforde, West.  
Raynhill, West.  
Read, black.  
Rediche, sal.  
Ribchester, black.  
Ribchester, black.  
Ribbie, Amound.  
Ribble flu.  
Ribleton, Amound.  
Rimington, black.  
Risheton, black.  
Rivington, sal.  
Rixton, West.  
Roberts-hall, loyn.  
Robie, West.  
Robrindale, loyn.  
Roburne flu.  
Roche flu.  
ROCHEDALE, sal.  
Roseaker. Amound.  
Rosse hall, Amound.  
Rossendale, black.  
Royton, sal.  
Ruseland, loyn.  
Rusforth, lai.  
Rysley, West.  
Ryton, sal.    


S  
Saleburie, black.  
Salford, sal.  
Sambury hall, black.  
Samblesbury, black.  
Saterthwat, loyn.  
Savoke, flu.  
Scaley, loyn.  
Scaley, loyn.  
Scals, loyn.  
Scaresbrick, West.  
Scotfurth, loyn.  
Selleth hall, loyn.  
Selton, West.  
Shakerley, sal.  
Shay Chapel, sal.  
Shevington, lai.  
Shirehead, Amound.  
Silverdale, loyn.  
Simonswood forest, West.  
Singleton little, Amound.  
Singleton great, Amound.  
Skales, Amound.  
Skarth north, loyn.  
Skelmersdale, West.  
Skipp●n flu.  
Skirton, loyn.  
Slyne, loyn.  
Smethels, sal.  
Souckie, West.  
Southwate, loyn.  
Southworthe, West.  
Sowberthwat, loyn.  
Sowick, Amound.  
Sowrbie, Amound.  
Speak, West.  
Spodden flu.  
Spotland, sal.  
Stalmyne, Amound.  
Stanall, Amound.  
Standish, lai.  
Standish hall, lai.  
The Stank, loyn.  
Stanley, loyn.  
Standing hall, Amound.  
The County Stones, loyn.  
Stonyhurst, black.  
Strangwes, sal.  
Stretforde, sal.  
Stubley, sal.  
Sunbrick, loyn.  
Sunderland point, loynd.  
Sutton, West.  
Symonston, black.    


T  
Tarleton, lai.  
Tatham, loyn.  
Taude flu.  
Taume flu.  
Terinker, Amound.  
Terlescowood, West.  
Terver Chapel, loyn.  
Thistleton, Amound.  
Thorneley, black.  
Thorneton, West.  
Thorneton, Amound.  
Thurland, loyn.  
Thurnham, loyn.  
Thurstan flu.  
Tiberthwat, loyn.  
Tilfey, Sal.  
Tockholes, black.  
Todmerden, sal.  
Torbucke, West.  
Torkscarth park, West.  
Torner, loyn.  
Tornesse, loyn.  
Torrisholme, loyn.  
Tottingtonn, sal.  
Townley, black.  
Traford, sal.  
Trawden, balck.  
Treales, Amound.  
Tunstall, loyn.  
Turton, sal.  
Twekeston, lai.  
Twiston, black.    


V  
Ulneswalton, lai.  
ULVERSTON, loyn.  
Up holland, West.  
Urmston, sal.  
Urswick, loyn.    


W  
Waarbreck, Amound.  
Waddiker, Amound.  
Walmesley, sal.  
Walney Island, loyn.  
Walney Chappel, loyn.  
Walshwhitt, lai.  
Walton hall, lai.  
Walton in the dale, black.  
Walton, West.  
Wantree, West.  
Warton, loyn.  
WARRINGTON, West.  
Warton, Amound.  
Weasam, amound.  
Weeton, amound.  
Wennyngton, loyn.  
Werdale, black.  
Werdley, sal.  
Werdon, lai.  
Westbie, amound.  
whaley, black.  
Wheatley, black.  
Wheelton, lai.  
Whickleswick, sal.  
Whiston, West.  
Whittle in the woods. lai.  
Whittington, loyn.  
Whittingham, amound.  
Wicoler, black.  
Widdnes, West.  
WIGAN, West.  
Wilpshire, black.  
Winander mere, loyn.  
Windle, West.  
Winmelay, amound.  
Winnington flu.  
Winstanley, West.  
Winstenley, West.  
Winster flu.  
Winwick, West.  
Winworth, sal.  
Wire flu.  
Wire flu.  
Wiswall, black.  
Withington, sal.  
Withnell, lay.  
Witton, black.  
Woodland Chapel, loyn.  
Woolston, West.  
Woolton little, West.  
Woolton great, West.  
Woorston, black.  
Wordsall, sal.  
Worsley sal.  
Worsthorne, black.  
Worthington, lai.  
Wotton, West.  
Wraye, amound.  
Wraysholme tower, loyn.  
Wrayton, loyn.  
Wrenesse hill, loyn.  
Wrightington, lai.  
Wulf cragge, loyn.  
Wyersdale, loyn.  
Wyersale forest, loyn.  
Window, loyn.    


Y  
Yelland, loyn.      

THE DESCRIPTION OF YORKSHIRE.  
AS the courses and confluents of great Rivers, are for the most part fresh in memory, though their heads and fountains lie commonly unknown: 
The benefits of Antiquity.  so the latter knowledge of great Regions, are not traduced to oblivion, though perhaps their first originals be obscure, by reason of Antiquity, and the many revolutions of times and ages. 
Yorkshire a great Province.  In the delineation therefore of this great Province of Yorkshire, I will not insist upon the narration of matters near unto us; but succinctly run over such as are more remote; yet neither so sparingly, as I may seem to diminish from the dignity of so worthy a Country; nor so prodigally, as to spend time in the superfluous praising of that which never any (as yet) dispraised. And although perhaps it may seem a labour unnecessary, 
men's affections most set to modern matters.  to make relation of ancient remembrances, either of the Name or Nature of this Nation, especially looking into the difference of Time itself (which in every age bringeth forth divers effects) and the dispositions of men, that for the most part take less pleasure in them, then in divulging the occurrents of their own times: yet I hold it not unfit to begin there, from whence the first certain direction is given to proceed; for (even of these ancient things) there may be good use made, either by imitation, or way of comparison, as neither the reperition, nor the repetition thereof shall be accounted impertinent.  

Yorkshire how bounded.  (2) You shall therefore understand: That the County of York was in the Saxon-tongue called Euerric-scyre, Effrdc-scyre, and Ebora-scyre, and now commonly Yorkshire, far greater and more numerous in the Circuit of her miles, than any Shire of England. She is much bound to the singular love and motherly care of Nature, in placing her under so temperate a clime, that in every measure she is indifferently fruitful. If one part of her be stony, and a sandy barren ground: another is fertile and richly adorned with Cornfields. If you here find it naked, and destitute of Woods, 
Full of Trees.  you shall see it there shadowed with Forests full of trees, that have very thick bodies, sending forth many fruitful and profitable branches. If one place of it be Moorish, Miry, and unpleasant; another makes a free tender of delight, and presents itself to the eye, full of beauty and contentive variety.  

How bounded North. East.  (3) The Bishopric of Durham fronts her on the North-side, and is separated by a continued course of the River Tees. The German Sea lieth sore upon her East-side, beating the shores with her boisterous waves and billows. The West part is bounded with Lancashire, 
West. South.  and Westmoreland. The Southside hath Cheshire and Darbishire (friendly Neighbours unto her) with the which she is first enclosed: then with Nottingham and with Lincoln shires: after divided with that famous Arm of the Sea Humber: 
Humber.  Into which all the Rivers that water this Country, empty themselves, and pay their ordinary Tributes, as into the common receptacle and Storehouse of Neptune, for all the watery Pensions of this Province.  
(4) This whole Shire (being of itself so spacious) for the more easy and better ordering of her civil government, 
Yorkshire divided.  is divided into three parts: which according to three quarters of the world, are called The West-Riding, 
West-Riding.  The East-Riding, and The North-Riding: West-Riding is for a good space compassed with the River Ouse; with the bounds of Lancashire, and with the South limits of the Shire, and beareth towards the West and South. East-Riding bends itself to the Ocean, 
East-Riding.  with the which, and with the River Derwent she is enclosed, and looks into that part where the Sun rising, and showing forth his beams, makes the world both glad and glorious in his brightness. North-Riding extends itself Northward, 
North-Riding.  hemmed in as it were, with the River Tees and Derwent, and a long race of the River Ouse. The length of this Shire, extended from Harthill in the South, to the mouth of Tees in the North, are near unto 70. miles, the breadth from Flambrough-head to Horncastle upon the River Lun, is 80. the whole Circumference 308. miles.  

The Soil.  (5) The Soil of this County for the generality is reasonable fertile, and yields sufficiency of Corn and Cattle within itself. One part whereof is particularly made famous by a Quarry of Stone, out of which the stones newly hewn be very soft, but seasoned with wind and weather of themselves do naturally become exceeding hard and solid. Another, by a kind of Limestone, whereof it consisteth, which being burnt, and conveyed into the other parts of the country, which are hilly and somewhat cold, serve to manure and enrich their Cornfields.  
(6) That the Romans flourishing in Military prowess, 
The Antiquities.  made their several stations in this Country, is made manifest by their Monuments, by many Inscriptions fastened in the walls of Churches, 
Columns.  by many Columns engraven with Roman-worke found lying in Churchyards, by many votive Altars digged up that were erected (as it should seem) to their Tutelar Gods (for they had local and peculiar Topick Gods, 
Altars.  whom they honoured as Keepers and Guardians of some particular places of the Country) as also by a kind of Bricks which they used: 
Bricks.  for the Romans in time of Peace, to avoid and withstand idleness, (as an enemy to virtuous and valorous enterprises) still exercised their Legions and Cohorts in casting of Ditches, making of Highways, building of Bridges, and making of Bricks, which having sithence been found, and from time to time digged out of the ground, prove the antiquity of the place by the Roman Inscriptions upon them.  
(7) No less argument of the piety hereof, 
Abbeys.  are the many Monasteries, Abbeys, and Religious houses that have been placed in this Country; which whilst they retained their own state and magnificence, were great ornaments unto it: but since their dissolution, and that the teeth of time (which devours all things) have eaten into them, they are become like dead carcases, leaving only some poor ruins and remains alive, as relics to posterity, to show of what beauty and magnificence they have been. Such was the Abbey of Whitby, 
Whitby.  founded by Lady Hilda, daughter of the grand child unto King Edwine. Such was the Abbey built by Bolton, 
Bolton.  which is now so razed and laid level with the earth, as that at this time it affords no appearance of the former dignity. 
Kirkstall.  Such was Kirkstall Abbey, of no small account in time past, founded in the year of Christ 1147. Such was the renowned Abbey called S. Mary's in York, 
S. mary's in York.  built and endowed with rich livings by Alan the third Earl of little Britain in Armerica; but since converted into the Prince's House, and is called The Manor. Such the wealthy Abbey of Fountains, 
Fountains.  built by Thurstin Archbishop of York. Such the famous Monastery founded in the Primitive Church of the East-Saxons, 
Monast. Saint Wilfrid. Drax.  by Wilfrid Archbishop of York, and enlarged (being fallen down and decayed) by Odo Archbishop of Canterbury. Such was Drax a Religious House of Canons. Such that fair Abbey built by King William the Conqueror at Selby (where his son Henry the first was born) in memory of Saint German, 
Selby.  who happily confuted that contagious Pelagian Heresy, which oftentimes grew to Serpentine head in Britain.  
These places for Religion erected, 
Causes of diminishing Church-livings.  with many more within this Provincial Circuit, and consecrated unto holy purposes, show the Antiquity, and how they have been sought unto by confluences of Pilgrims in their manner of devotions: The mists of which superstitious obscurities, are since cleared by the pure light of the Gospel revealed, and the skirts of Idolatry unfolded to her own shame and ignominy: And they made subject to the dissolution of Times, serving only as antique monuments and remembrances to the memory of succeeding Ages.  
(8) Many places of this Province are famoused as well by Name, 
Memorable places.  being naturally fortunate in their situation, as for some other accidental happiness befallen unto them. Halifax, 
Halifax.  famous, as well for that johannes de sacro Bosco, Author of the Sphere, was born there, and for the law it hath against stealing, and for the greatness of the Parish, which reckoneth in it eleven Chapels, whereof two be Parish Chapels, and in them to the number of twelve thousand people.   map of Yorkshire 
YORK SHIRE  

Pomfret.  Pomfret is famous for the Site, as being seated in a place so pleasant, that it brings forth Liquorice and great plenty of Skiriworts, but it is infamous for the murder and bloodshed of Princes: The Castle whereof was built by Hildebert Lacie a Norman, to whom William the Conqueror gave this Town, after Alrick the Saxon was thrust out of it.  
(9) But I will forbear to be prolix or tedious in the particular memoration of places in a Province so spacious, and only make a compendious relation of York, 
York City.  the second City of England, in Latin called Eboracum and Eburacum, by Ptolemy, Brigantium (the chief City of the Brigants) by Ninnius, Caer Ebrauc, by the Britain's, Caer Effroc, and by the Saxons Euor-ric, and Eofor-ric. The British History reports that it took the name of Ebrauc that founded it; but some others are of opinion, that Eburacum hath no other derivation then from the River Ouse running thorough it: It over-masters all the other places of this Country for fairness, and is a singular ornament and safeguard to all the North parts. 
York a pleasant City.  A pleasant place, large, and full of magnificence, rich, populous, and not only strengthened with fortifications, but adorned with beautiful buildings as well private as public. For the greater dignity thereof it was made an Episcopal See by Constantius, and a Metropolitan City by a Pall sent unto it from Honorius. 
Egbert Archbishop of York. Rich. the third.  Egbert Archbishop of York, who flourished about the year seven hundred forty, erected in it a most famous Library. Richard the third repaired the Castle thereof being ruinous, 
Hen the eight.  and King Henry the eight appointed a Council in the same, to decide and determine all the causes and Controversies of the North-parts, according to equity and conscience: which Counsel consisteth of a Lord Precedent, certain Counsellors at the Prince's pleasure, a Secretary, and other Under-officers.  
The original of this City cannot be fetched out but from the Romans, seeing the Britain's before the Romans came, had no other towns than woods fenced with trenches and rampiers: as Caesar and Strabo do testify. And that it was a Colony of the Romans, appears both by the authority of Ptolemie and Antonine, and by many ancient Inscriptions that have been found there. In this City the Emperor Severus had his Palace, 
Severus Emperor.  and here gave up his last breath; which ministers occasion to show the ancient custom of the Romans, in the military manner of their burials.  
His body was carried forth here by the Soldiers to the Funeral fire, and committed to the flames, honoured with the lusts and Tournaments both of the Soldiers and of his own sons: His ashes bestowed in a little golden pot or vessel of the Porphyratstone, were carried to Rome and shrined there in the monument of the Antonines. In this City (●s Spartianus maketh mention) was the Temple of the Goddess Bellona; 
Goddess Bellona.  to which Severus (being come thither purposing to offer sacrifice) was erroneously led by a rustical Augur.  

Constantius, surnamed Chlorus.  Here Fl. Valerius Constantius, surnamed Chlorus (an Emperor of excellent virtue and Christian piety) ended his life, and was Deified as appears by ancient Coins: and his son Constantine being present at his Father's death, forthwith proclaimed Emperor; from whence it may be gathered of what great estimation York was in those days, when the Roman Emperor's Court was held in it. This City flourished a long time under the English-Saxons Dominion, till the Danes like a mighty storm, thundering from out the North-East, destroyed it, and distained it with the blood of many slaughtered persons, and won it from Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland, 
Osbright and Ella.  who were both slain in their pursuit of the Danes: which Alcuine in his Epistle to Egelred King of Northumberland, seemed to presage before, when he said; What signifieth that raining down of blood in S. Peter's Church of York, even in a fair day, and descending in so violent and threatening a manner from the top of the roof? may it not be thought that blood is coming upon the Land from the North-parts?  

Ath●lstan.  Howbeit Athelstane recovered it from the Danish subjection, and quite overthrew the Castle with the which they had fortified it; yet was it not (for all this) so freed from wars, but that it was subject to the Times fatally next following. Nevertheless, in the conquerors time, when (after many woeful overthrows and troublesome storms) it had a pleasant calm of ensuing peace, it rose again of itself, and flourished afresh, having still the helping hand both of Nobility and Gentry, to recover the former dignity, and bring it to the perfection it hath: The Citizens fenced it round with new walls, 
The Citizen's cost since Will. Conqueror.  and many towers and bulwarks, and ordaining good and wholesome laws for the government of the same. 
The Magistracy of York City.  Which at this day are executed at the command of a Lord Major, who hath the assistance of twelve Aldermen, many Chamberlains, a Recorder, a Town-clerk, six Sergeants at Mace, & two Esquires, which are, a Sword-bearer, and the Common Sergeant, who with a great Mace goeth on the left hand of the Sword. The longitude of this City, according to Mercators' account, is 19 degrees and 35. scruples: the latitude 54. degrees and 40. scruples.  
(10) Many occurrents present themselves with sufficient matter of enlargement to this discourse, 
The Battles.  yet none of more worthy consequence than were those several Battles, fought within the compass of this County; wherein Fortune had her pleasure as well in the proof of her love, as in the pursuit of her tyranny; sometime sending the fruits of sweet peace unto her, and otherwhiles suffering her to taste the sourness of war.  
At Conisborough (in the Britain tongue Câer Conan) was a great Battle fought by Hengist, 
Conisborough.  Captain of the English-Saxons, after he had retired himself thither for his safety, his men being fled and scattered, and himself discomfited by Aurelius Ambrose; 
Aurelius Ambrose.  yet within few days after he brought forth his men to Battle against the Britain's that pursued him, where the field was bloody both to him and his; for many of his men were cut in pieces, and he himself had his head chopped off, as the British History saith; which the Chronicles of the English-Saxons deny, reporting that he died in peace, being surcharged and overworn with the troublesome toils and travels of war.  
near unto Kirkstall, 
Kirkstall.  Oswie King of Northumberland, put Penda the Mercian to flight: the place wherein the Battle was joined, the Writers call Winwid-feild, giving it the name by the victory. And the little Region about it (in times past called by an old name Elmet) was conquered by Eadwin King of Northumberland, the son of Aela, after he had expelled Cereticus a British King, in the year of Christ, 620.  
At Casterford (called by Antonine Legeolium and Legetium) the Citizens of York slew many of King Ethelreds' Army, 
Casterford.  and had a great hand against him, in so much as he that before sat in his throne of Majesty, was on a sudden daunted, and ready to offer submission.  
But the most worthy of memory, 
Palme-Sunday Battle.  was that Field fought on Palm-Sunday, 1461. in the quarrel of Lancaster and York, where England never saw more puissant Forces both of Gentry and Nobility: for there were in the field at one time (partakers on both sides) to the number of one hundred thousand fight men. When the fight had continued doubtful a great part of the day, 
Lancastrians put to flight.  the Lancastrians not able longer to abide the violence of their enemies, turned back and fled amain, and such as took part with York, followed them so hotly in chase, and killed such a number of Noble and Gentlemen, that thirty thousand Englishmen were that day left dead in the field.  
(11) Let us now loose the point of this compassse and fail into some other parts of this Province, to find out matter of other memorable moment. Under Knausbrough there is a Well called Dropping-Well, 
Places of other note.  in which the waters spring not out of the veins of the earth, but distil and trickle down from the rocks that hang over it: It is of this virtue and efficacy, that it turns wood into stone: for what wood soever is put into it, will be shortly covered over with a stony bark, and be turned into stone, as hath been often observed.  
At Giggleswicke also about a mile from Settle (a Market Town) there are certain small springs not distant a quaits cast from one another: 
Giggleswicke.  the middlemost of which doth at every quarter of an hour ebb and flow about the height of a quarter of a yard when it is highest, and at the ebb falleth so low, that it is not an inch deep with water. Of no less worthiness to be remembered is Saint Wilfrids' Needle, a place very famous in times passed for the narrow hole in the close vaulted room under the ground, 
S. Wilfrids' Needle.  by which women's honesties were wont to be tried: for such as were chaste pass through with much facility; but as many as had played false, were miraculously held fast, and could not creep through. Believe if you list.  
The credible report of a Lamp found burning (even in our Father's remembrance, 
Constantius Sepulchre.  when Abbeys were pulled down and suppressed) in the Sepulchre of Constantius, within a certain vault or little Chapel under the ground, wherein he was supposed to have been buried, might beget much wonder and admiration, but that Lazius confirmeth that in ancient times they had a custom to preserve light in Sepulchers by an artificial resolving of gold into a liquid and fatty substance, 
An ancient Roman custom.  which should continue burning a long time, and for many ages together.  
(12) This Yorkshire picture I will draw to no more length, lest I be condemned with the Sophister, for insisting in the praise of Hercules, when no man opposed himself in his discommendation. 
York●shire delightful.  This Country of itself is so beautiful in her own natural colours, that (without much help) she presents delightful varieties both to the fight and other senses.   

THE WEST-RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. CHAPTER XL.  
THE other Division, which is called the West-Riding of Yorkshire, lying towards the North-West, 
The bounds of the West-Riding.  carrieth a great compass: On the North-side it borders upon part of the North-Riding: On the East upon part of the East-Riding, and part of Lincolnshire. The Westside is neighboured with part of Lanca-shire: The South confined with Nottingham and part of Darby-shires.  

The Air.  (2) The Air unto which this County is subject, is for the most part frigid and cold, much subject to sharp winds, hard frosts, and other intemperate and Winter-like dispositions of weather: in so much as the people of this Province are enured to maintain a moderate and ordinary heat in their bodies, by an extraordinary hardness of labour, and thereby become very healthful, and not so often afflicted with infirmities, as others are that live more easily.  

The S●yle.  (3) Although the Soil in the generality be not fruitful, as lying very high and full of ragged rocks and swelling mountains, yet the sides thereof stooping in some places do bear good grass, and the bottoms and valleys are not altogether unfertill. That part that borders upon Lancashire is so mountainous and waste, so unsightly and full of solitariness, that the bordering neighbours call certain little Rivers that creep along this way, by a contemptible name, Hell becks. That part again, where the River Vre cutteth thorough the vale called Wends-dale, is very good ground, where great flocks of sheep do pasture, and which, in some places, do naturally yield great plenty of Lead-stones: In other places, where the hills are barren and bare of Corn and Cattle, they make a recompense of those wants by the store of Copper, 
Copper. Lead. Stone-Coale.  Led, and Stone, or Pit-coale, with the which they are abundantly furnished. That part where the River Small running down Eastward, out of the West Mountains (with a violent and swift stream) to unlade herself into the River Vre, and passing along a large and open vale, which derives the name from her, and is called Swale-dale, hath a neighbouring place full of Lead-Oare: and for the lack of woods, 
Lead-Oare.  which doth here much pinch the people, they are requited again with plenty of grass, which this place yields them in great abundance. Thus hath provident nature for every discommodity made amends with a contrariety, and furnished the defects of one place with sufficient supply from another.  
(4) The ancient Inhabitants known unto Ptolomey, and of whom there is other mention made, 
Inhabitants.  as well in the general and other particular divisions of Yorkshire, as in the Countries likewise joining in proximity unto them, were the brigants, subdued by the Romans. And because the room best fitted for the City of York, in this Chard I have placed it, whose description you may find in the General; so the North-riding, spacious to contain the sites of the Towns, Hull and Richmond, are therein charged: but wanting place there to relate of both, I am constrained to speak of the latter here; desiring my Reader to bear with these necessities. Richmond the chief Town of the North-Riding, seated upon Small, seemed to have been fenced with a Wall, 
Richmond the cliefe town.  whose Gates yet stand in the midst of the Town, so that the Suburbs are extended far without the same. It is indifferently populous and well frequented, the people most employed in knitting of Stockings, wherewith even the decrepit, and children, get their own livings.  

The occasion of building it.  (5) Alan the first Earl thereof, distrusting the strength of Gilling (a Manor house of his not far off, called by Bede Gethling) to withstand the violence of the Danes and English, whom the Normans had despoiled of their inheritance, built this Town, and gave it ●e name, call it Richmond, as one would say, The Rich Mount, which he fortified with a Wall and strong Castle set upon a Rock: for Gilling ever since the time that Oswy King of Northumberland (being there Guestwise entertained) was murtherously made away, 
Oswy King of Northumberland.  was more regarded in respect of Religion, then for any strength it had: in expiation of which murder, the Monastery was founded and had in great account among our Ancestors. 
The Magistracy of Richmond.  This Town for the administration of government, hath an Alderman yearly chosen out of twelve Brethren, who is assisted by twenty four Burgesses, a Recorder, four Chamberlains, and two Sergeants at Mace. The position of this place for Latitude is set in the deg. 55.17. min. from the North-Pole, 
The graduation.  and for Longitude from the first West-point in the degr. 18. and 50 min.  
(6) Things of rarity and worthy observation in this County, 
Matters memorable.  are those hills near Richmond, where there is a Mine or Delfe of Copper, 
A Copper Mine.  mentioned in a Charter of King Edward the fourth, having not as yet been pierced into. Also, those Mountains, on the top whereof are found certain stones much like unto Sea-winkles, 
Cockles on the top of the Mountains.  Cockles, and other Sea-fish; which if they be not the wonders of nature, yet with Orosius (a Christian Historiographer) we may deem to be the undoubted tokens of the general Deluge, that in Noah's time over-flowed the whole face of the earth. Also the River Small (spoken of before) which among the ancient English was reputed a very sacred River, 
Small River.  and celebrated with an universal glory, for that (the English-Saxons first embracing Christianity) in one day about ten thousand men, besides a multitude of women and children, were therein baptised unto Christ, by the hands of Paulinus Archbishop of York: 
Paulinus Archbishop of York.  A holy spectacle, when out of one Rivers Channel so great a progeny sprung up, for the celestial and heavenly City.  
(7) Places in elder times had in great estimation with the Romans, 
Places of Antiquity. Bayntbridge.  were Bayntbridge, where they in those days had a Garrison lying, the relics whereof are there remaining. Bows, 
Bows or Levatrae.  in Antonines Itinerary called Lavatrae or Levatrae, (both by the account of distance, and the site thereof, by the high street of the Romans) confirms the antiquity by a large stone found in the Church, sometimes used for an Altar-stone, with an inscription upon it to the honour of the Emperor Hadrian. The first Cohort also of the Thracians lay here in Garrison, 
A Thracian Cohort there.  whilst Virius Lupus ruled as Lieutenant General, and Propretor of Britain under the Emperor Severus, as appears by inscriptions from hence translated to Connington in Huntingtonshire. Here also in the declining estate of the Roman Empire, the Band or Company of the Exploratores kept their Station, under the dispose of the General of Britain, 
Exploratores band there.  as is witnessed by the Notice of Provinces. At spital on Stanemore is the fragment of a Cross, 
spital.  by us called Rerecrosse, by Scots, Reicrosse, as one would say, The King's Cross, which Hector Boetius (a Scotish Writer) recordeth to have been a Meere-stone confining England and Scotland. And a little lower, upon the Romans high Street, stood a little Fort of the Romans, built foure-square, which at this day is called Maiden Castle. At Burgh (in times past called Bracchium) the sixth Cohort of the Nervians lay in Garrison. 
Maiden Castle. Burgh.  And not long since, the Statue of Aurelius Commodus the Emperor was digged up, which Statue of his may then seem to be erected, 
Aurelius Commodus Statue.  when he prising himself more than a man, proceeded to that folly, that he commanded himself to be called, The Roman Hercules, jupiters' Son. For he was purtraied in the habit of Hercules, his right hand armed, holding a Club: and this hath appeared by a mangled inscription found lying under the same Statue. Catarike and Catt-rrick-bridge (amongst the rest) bring in arguments of their antiquity, 
Catarick.  as well by the situation thereof near unto the High-street-way which the Romans made, as also by heaps of rubbish here and there dispersed, which show very probable signs to confirm the same.  
(8) Places of devotion, sequestered from other worldly affairs, 
Religious Houses.  and consecrated to religious uses, were these: The Monastery built near Richmond, 
Richmond.  the Abbey for Canons, erected at Coverham (now called Corham) in Coverdale, and the Abbey of Cistertians, 
Cover●ham.  first founded at Fois, and after translated to jervis or jervalle, 
Fois.  which is watered by the River Vre. These flourished in the days of ignorance and obscurity, 
Ignorance.  and were flocked unto in great Confluences, before the darkness of errors was chased and driven away by the light of holy Faith: 
F●ith.  but since the operation of Go●s Almighty grace hath so wrought in the hearts of the faithful, that they have not only spurned and trodden their Idols under their feet, but have also made the very places (that were their receptacles) to become the ruinous objects of superstition.  
(9) This Division of Yorkshire, called the West-Riding hath been strengthened with four strong Castles, 
Castles. Market towns.  is yet traded with twenty one Market-towns, and Gods divine service is celebrated in one hundred and four Parish-Churches, besides Chapels, whereof there is an Alphabetical enumeration in the Table following.   map of the West Riding of Yorkshire 
THE WEST riding OF YORKSHIRE with The most famous and fair City YORK described. 1610  


West Ri●ing, Hu●dreds.  
1. Stancliffe Wap.  
2. Claro Wapon.  
3. Ansly Division.  
4. Barks●on W●p.  
5. Skirack Wapon.  
6. Morley Wapon.  
7. Aggbrigge Wap.  
8. Osgo●crosse Wap.  
9 S●rasforth Wap.  
10. Staincrosse Wap.   


A  
Aber●orth, Skir.  
Acaster, Bark.  
Acaster Ouer. A●●●.  
Ackworth, Osgod.  
Acro●tweeke, Stan.  
Addington, Stan.  
Adle, Skir.  
Adlingflet, Osg.  
Adwolton, Mor.  
Adwicke upon Deune, Stras.  
Adwicke upon Straton, Stras.  
Aiketon, Ag.  
Akeham, Anst.  
Akeham Grange, A●s●.  
Aldbulg, Clar.  
Alhallowegate, Clar.  
Allerton, Clar.  
Allerton, Mor.  
Allerton by water, Skir.  
Allerton Chapel, Skir.  
Almonbrey, Ag.  
Almoscliffe, Clar.  
Alcoftes, Ag.  
Alwoodley, Skir.  
Appleton, Bark.  
Appeltreew●ke, Stan.  
Ardesley, Sta●.  
Ardesley East, Mor.  
Ardesley West, Mor.  
Ardington, Skir.  
Are Flu.  
A●kendell, Clar.  
A●kley, Stras.  
Armeley, Mor.  
Arme●horpe, Stras.  
Armin great, Bark.  
Arnecliffe, Stan.  
Armin little, Bark.  
Aserley, Car.  
Aston, Stras.  
Ask●ham B●yan, Anst.  
Ask●ham Richard, Anst.  
Askwith, Clar.  
As●e●by▪ Bark  
at cl●●●e, Stras.  
Aughton▪ Stras.  
Aughton▪ Stras.  
Aukeswicke, Stan.  
Auste●feild, Stras.  
Austerly, Stras.  
Auston, Osgod.  
Auston, Stras.  
Austroppe, Skir.  
Ausw●●k, Stan.  
Awdefeild, Clar.  
Awdebrough, Clar.  
Awstweecke, Stan.  
Ayreton, Stan.  
Aze●ley C●ar.  
Azemon Derbie.    


B  
Baddesworth, Osgod.  
Badley, Skir.  
Baiden, Skir.  
Balby, Stras.  
Balnehall, Osgod.  
Bank Newton, Stan.  
Barden Chase, Clar.  
Barden Tower, Stan.  
Bargh, Slain.  
Barkesland, Mor.  
Barkston, Bark.  
Barley, Bark.  
Barmby Hall, Stain.  
Bamby upon Dun, Stras.  
Barmbrough, Stras.  
Barnbrooke, Stan.  
Barinbow, Skir.  
Barnold ●weeke, Stan.  
Barton Chapel▪ Stain.  
BARNESLEY, Stain.  
Barseland, Mor.  
B●shall, Stan.  
Bashall, Stan.  
Batings, Mor.  
Baitley, Mor.  
Barwi●ke, Skir.  
BAWTRE, Stras.  
B●ylden, Skir.  
Beausley, Clar.  
Beacliffe, Stras.  
Bearley Hall, Mor.  
Beel, Osgod.  
Beckwith, Clar.  
Beggermen, Stan.  
Beiston, Mor.  
Belton, Anst.  
Bentham, Stan.  
Bentley, Stras.  
Be●ley. Bark.  
Berlunystrey, Clar.  
Bettrese Hill, Bark.  
B●kerton, Anst.  
B●●burge, Anst.  
Ballam, Stras.  
Billingley, Stras.  
Bilton, Anst.  
Bilton, Clar.  
Binglay, Skir.  
Beckon, Bark.  
Bestwith, Clar.  
Blackstone edge, Ag.  
B●land Forrest, Stan.  
Bolling, Mor.  
Bolton, Stan.  
Bolton, Mor.  
Bodgate, Clar.  
Boulton, Stan.  
Boulton, Stras.  
Bourne.  
Bowland Forrest, Stan.  
Bowsterston, Stras.  
Bracthwell, Stras.  
Bradley, Mor.  
Bradley, Mor.  
Bradley Chapel, Stan.  
Bradefeild, Stras.  
BRADFORD, Mor.  
Bradforth, Stan.  
Bradsay, Skir.  
Branham, Bark.  
Branham Moor, Skir.  
Bramley, Stras.  
Bramley, Mor.  
Bramope, Skir.  
Brampton, Stras.  
Brampton in Mo●●hing, Stras.  
Brampton Byerley, Str.  
Bramwith, Stras.  
Brandley, Stan.  
Brasewell, Stan.  
Brawell, Stras.  
Brayton, Bark.  
Brearton, Clar.  
B●etton, Stain.  
Bretton, Ag.  
Brexeton, Clar.  
Brierley, Stain.  
Brierley Park, Stain.  
Brinham, Clar.  
Brightside, Stras.  
Brodholme, Stras.  
Brodsworth, Stras.  
Bromchall, Stras.  
Brotherton, Bark.  
Broughton, Stan.  
Bruncly●●e, Mor.  
Buerley, Clar.  
Buckdon, Stan.  
Burghwalles, Osgod.  
Burlay, Skir.  
Brunsall, Stan.  
BURROW bridged, C.  
Button, ●ark.  
Button Stan  
Button Grange, Stain.  
Button Leonard, Clar.  
Burstall, ●●r.  
bishop Monckton, Clar.  
bishop Tho●nton, Clar.  
Bushopside, Clar.  
Bushopton, Clar.  
Bushopton, C●ar.  
Bushopthorpe, Anst.  
Byerley North, Mor.  
By●gin, Bark.  
By●k●n, Bark.  
Byrom, Bark.    


C  
Cadeby, St●as.  
Ca●ton, Clar.  
Calder Flu.  
Calton, Sta●.  
Calverley, Mor.  
Cambill, Stain.  
Camleforth, Bark.  
Campfall, Osgod.  
Ca●e●ton. Stain.  
Carleton, Ag.  
Carlton, Skir.  
Carlton, Stan.  
Carleton, Bark,  
Castleforth, Osgod.  
Castleton, Clar.  
Castlye, Clar.  
cattle, Clar.  
cattle great, Clar.  
Catterton, Anst.  
Caulder Flu.  
Cautley, Stras.  
Cawod Castle, Bark.  
Cawthorne, Stan.  
Cayley, Skir.  
Chappleton, Skir.  
Chapel Hadlesay, Bar  
Chetehall, Ag.  
Chidsall, Mor.  
Church Ferton, Bark.  
Clack Heatoa, Mor.  
Clapham, Stan.  
Clapham, Stan.  
Clayton, Mor.  
Clayton, Stras.  
Clayton, Stain.  
Cly●ford, Bark.  
Clyfford, Bark.  
Clyfton, Stras.  
Clyfton, Mor.  
Clyfton, Mor.  
Clyfton, Clar.  
Clint. Clar.  
Cluhero, Clar.  
Collingham, Skir.  
Colny Chapel, Mor.  
Con●shton Cole, Stan.  
Conondly, Stan.  
Conyston, Stan.  
Capgrave, Clar.  
Copley, Mor.  
Copley Hall, Mor.  
Corpenthorpe, Anst.  
Coulton, Anst.  
County Stone, Stan.  
Cowhouse, Clar.  
Cowley, Stras.  
Cowicke, Osgod.  
Cow●ling, Stan.  
Cow●horpe, Clar.  
Crakow, Stan.  
Carlton, Ag.  
Crig●leston, Ag.  
Cr●●gaite, Clar.  
Crossand, Ag.  
Crossand South, Ag.  
Cros●on, Ag.  
Croston, chapel, Mor.  
Croston, Ag.  
Crumweth, Mor.  
Cudworth, Stain.  
Cumberworth, Stain.  
Cumberworth, Ag.  
Cullinworth, Mor.  
Cunbrough, Stras.  
Cusworth, Stras.    


D  
Dalton, Stras.  
Dalton, Ag.  
Da●strop, Stras.  
Darfeide, Stras.  
Da●●ey, Clar.  
Darnall, Stras.  
Darubroke, Stain.  
Darrington, Osgod.  
Darton, Stain.  
Debdale, Stan.  
Denby, Stras.  
Denby, Stain.  
Denby Ash Grange, Ag.  
Denby Hall, Stain.  
Denholme Park, Mor.  
Denneley, Stras.  
Dent, Stan.  
Dent Flu.  
Denton Hall, Clar.  
Dewestbury, Mor.  
South Dighton, Clar.  
North Dighton, Clar.  
Dodworth, Stain.  
DONCASTER, Stras.  
Donkeswicke, Clar.  
Draughton, Stan.  
Draughton, Stan.  
Drax, Bark.  
Drax, Stras.  
Drighlington, Mor.  
Dringhou●es, Anst.  
Dun Flu.  
Dunford over, Clar.  
Nether Dunford, Clar.  
Dunningley, Mor.  
Dynington, Stras.    


E  
Eastbrand, Mor.  
Eastleforth, Osgod.  
Ecelfeild, Stras.  
Ecelfall, Stras.  
Ecclesell, Mor.  
Ecope, Skir.  
Edlington, Stras.  
Egbrough, Osgod.  
Eland, Mor.  
Eland Hall, Mor.  
Elinworth Chappel, More  
Elmesall North, Osgod.  
Elmesall South, Osgod.  
Elstake, Stan.  
Elunley, Ag.  
Emley, Ag.  
Emley, Ag.  
Emsey, Stan.  
Emshaw, Stan.  
Enbychworth, Stain.  
Eringdon, Mor.  
Eshton, Stan.  
Esington, Stan.  
Estby, Stan.  
Estfeild, Mor.  
Ewoo●, Mor.  
Extrope, Stras.    


F  
Farneley, Mor.  
Farnley, Mor.  
Farnley, Ag.  
Farsley, Mor.  
Fayerbourne, Bark.  
Fearnhill, Stan.  
●elki●ke, Slain.  
Fellischiffe, Clar.  
Fenton South, Bark.  
Fennicke Chapel, Stra.  
Ferntham, Clar.  
Ferneley, Clar.  
Ferry, Stras.  
Ferry bridge, Osgod.  
Fetherston, Osgod.  
Flasbie, Clar.  
Flasbie, Stan.  
Flockton Nether, Ag.  
Flockton Over, Ag.  
Fishlake, Stras.  
Firbeck, Stras.  
Fixbie, Mor.  
Frickley, Stras.  
Fyinden, Mor.  
F●ke●by, Osgod.  
Follifer, Clar.  
Fontaines Abbey, Clar.  
Foulby, Ag.  
Foyston, Clar.  
Furbeck, Stras.  
Fuyston, Clar.    


G  
Gaitforth, Bark.  
Gaerforth, Skir.  
Gargrave, Stan.  
Garshall, Stan.  
Ga●●e, Stras.  
Gauhey, Clar.  
Gauthorpe, Clar.  
Gauthorpe, Skir.  
Ge●endall, Clar.  
Giggleswicke, Stan.  
Gildenweiles, Stras.  
Gilki●ke, Stan.  
Girinigton, Stan.  
Grismton, Stan.  
Gisborne, Stan.  
Gislay, Skir.  
Goal, Osgod.  
Golthrop, Stras.  
Gomerfall, Mor.  
Goos●hurst, Bark.  
Go●pill Hill, Mor.  
Gouldall, Osgod.  
Gouldesburgh, Clar.  
Gowthwate, Clar.  
Gledles, Stras.  
Glusborne, Stan.  
Glusoune, Stan.  
Graston, Bark.  
Graston, Clar.  
Grantley, Clar.  
Gravesburgh, Stras.  
Great Flu.  
Grasbrough, Stras.  
Green Woodley, Mor.  
Gretland, Mor.  
Grewelthorpe, Clar.  
Grindleton, Stan.  
Grynleton, Stan.  
Grymston, Bark.  
Gunthwaite, Stain.  
Gurton Salmon, Bark.    


H  
Hadlesai West, Bark.  
halam, Stras.  
HALLIFAX, Mor.  
Hallowes, Mor.  
Halton East, Stan.  
Halton West, Stan.  
Halworth, Mor.  
Hammerton Grene, Clar.  
Hamledon, Bark.  
Hampall, Stras.  
Hampesthwair, Clar.  
Handlethe, Stan.  
Harden, Mor.  
Hardwick, Osgod.  
Hardington, Stras.  
Harrogatie, Clar.  
Harteshead, Mor.  
Harthill, Stras.  
Hartlington, Stan.  
Harton in Craven, Stan.  
Harwood, Skir.  
Haselwood, Bark.  
Hasley, Clar.  
Hateseile choose, Stras.  
Hatherker, Clar.  
Hauderby, Osgod.  
Havercrosse, Stain.  
Haugh, Stras.  
Haukesworth head, Str.  
Hausworth, Stras.  
Hawden pa●ke, Skir.  
Hawksweeke, Stan.  
Hawkesworth, Skir.  
Hawethe, Mor.  
Hawton, Stan.  
Hayalythe, Stan.  
Headingley, Skir.  
Hay Park, Clar.  
Headighe, Anst.  
Headyghe, Anst.  
Heaton Clack, Mor.  
Heaton Chapel, Mor.  
Heaton in Brudfordale, Mor.  
Heath, Ag.  
Hebeen, Stan.  
Hebeen Flu.  
Heck great, Osgod.  
Heck little, Osgod.  
Heckmondwicke, Mor.  
Heley, Stras.  
Hellaby, Stras.  
Hellyfeild, Stan.  
Helton, Stan.  
Hemsall, Osgod.  
Hemsworth, Osgod.  
Hepronstall, Mor.  
Herfeild, Clar.  
Heshey, Clar.  
Hewick, Clar.  
Hickleton, Stras.  
Hickleton, Stras.  
Higham, Bark.  
Hillom, Bark.  
Himself, Slain.  
Hipeholme, Mor.  
Hodder Flu.  
Hoke, Osgod.  
Hollinsuth, Ag.  
Homley, Ag.  
Honsingate, Clar.  
Hooton levet, Stras.  
Hooton panel, Stras.  
Hooton Robert, Stras.  
Horbirry, Ag.  
Horton, Mor.  
Horton, Mor.  
Horton on Rib, Stan.  
Horsserthe, Skir.  
Houghton, Osgod. ●  
Houghton great, Stras.  
Houghton little, Stras.  
Howdenhouse, Stras.  
Howdenparke, Skir.  
Howley hall, Mor.  
Howne, Stain.  
Howtongill Chapel, Stain.  
Howland, Stras.  
Hoylland high, Slain.  
Hoylland swain, Slain.  
Hubberton, Stan.  
Huboram, Stain.  
Hudde●feild, Ag.  
Huddleston, Bark.  
Huddleston, Bark.  
Hunsener, Clar.  
Hunshelfe, Slain.  
Hunsworth, Mor.  
Hunslet, Mor.  
Huerst, Bark.  
Hutherfeild, Mor.  
Hutton, Anst.  
Hyndley, North, Stain.  
Hymsworthe, Slain.    


I  
Idle, Mor.  
Ilklay, Skir.  
Ingb●●●hworth, Stain.  
Ingerthorpe, Clar.  
Ingerthorpe, Clar.  
Ingleborow hill, Stan.  
Ingleton, Stan.  
Ingleton, Stan.  
Ingmanthorp, Clar.    


K  
Kebeck Flu.  
Kebeck Flu.  
Ketreby, Clar.  
Keighley, Stan.  
Keling hall, Clar.  
Kellington, Osgo●.  
Kerbrough, Stain.  
Kerstall, Skip.  
Kettlesdale spring, Stan.  
Kettlesmed, Clar.  
Kettlewell, Stan.  
Keswick East, Skir.  
Kidhall, Skir.  
Kildweeke, Stan.  
Kilholme, Stras.  
Killinghall, Clar.  
Kilmatshe, Stras.  
Kilnsey, Stan.  
Kimberworth, Stras.  
Kinesdale spring, Stan.  
Kirsley, Osgod.  
Kipax, Skir.  
Kirkbee, Stan.  
Kirkbye, Bark.  
Kirkbie, Clar.  
Kirbie madsyde, Clar.  
Kirkbie overblowes, Cl.  
Kirkbie South, Osgod.  
Kirke burton, Ag.  
Kirke dighton, Clar.  
Kirke heaton, Ag.  
Kirke hamerton, Clar.  
Kirklesse, Mor.  
Kirksandull, Stras.  
Kittingley, Osgod.  
Knapton, Anst.  
KNARESBROUGH, C.  
Knaresburgh Forest, Cl.  
Kridling park, Osgod.    


L  
Lacoke, Stan.  
Lady cross, Slain.  
Lambrekedike flu.  
Land North, Mor.  
Land East, Mor.  
Langcliffe, Stan.  
Langfeild, Mor.  
Laughton, Stras.  
Langrike, Bar.  
Langthwat, Stras.  
Langset, Stain.  
Langstrehdale chase, Stan.  
Langstrehdale chase, Stan.  
Lareton, Cla.  
Leadhall, Bar.  
Leathley, Cla.  
Ledsam, Bar.  
Ledstone, Bar.  
Ledston little, Bar.  
Ledston little, Skir.  
LEEDS, Skir.  
Leeds Kirkgait, Skir.  
Leeds mamudding, Skir.  
Leighton in the morning. Stras.  
Lepton, Ag.  
Letwell, Stras.  
Letwell, Stras.  
Leventhorpe, Mor.  
Leuer●all, Stras.  
Leversedge, Mor.  
Lightcliffe chapel, M  
Lindley, Clar.  
Linton, Clar.  
Lockwood, Ag.  
Lodghouse, Cla.  
Ludderton, Bar.  
Luddington, Mor.  
Lumby, Bar.  
Luone flu.  
Lyndholme, Stras.  
Lynton, Stan.  
Lytton, Stan.    


M  
Maleby, Stras.  
Malewry, Cla.  
Maltby, Stras.  
Maltham, Stan.  
Malwater, Stan.  
Markingfeild, Cla.  
Markington, Cla.  
Maningham, Mor.  
Mart, Stras.  
Marsden, Ag.  
Marsh land, Osgod.  
Marsh ditch, Osgod.  
Marton, Bar.  
Marton, Cla.  
Marton East, Stan.  
Marton West, Stan.  
S. mary's, Bar.  
Maulam, Stan.  
Mawsirs, Stan.  
Medley, Ag.  
Melton high, Stras.  
Melton West, Stras.  
Meltham, Ag.  
Menston, Skir.  
Menwith, Cla.  
Melton upon mount, Str.  
Meathley, Ag.  
Mexbrough, Stras.  
Michlehaw hill, Cla.  
Micklefeild, Bar.  
Middle headsley, Bar.  
Middlesmer, Cla.  
Middleton, Cla.  
Middleton, Mor.  
Middlethorpe, Aust.  
Milforth North, Bar.  
Milforth South, Bar.  
Minskippe, Cla.  
Mitton, Stan.  
Mere●unkton, C●a.  
Merehouse, Stras.  
Moreton, Skir.  
Morley, Mor.  
Morton, Skir.  
Mulwith, Cla.  
Munckbreton, Stain.  
Munckfriston, Bar.  
Myddop, Stan.  
Mydgley, Mor.  
Mydhopchap, Stras.  
Mynski●, Cla.  
My●feild, Mor.  
Myssise, Cla.  
Mytton, Stan.    


N  
Nap●ay, Stan.  
Ne●feild, Cla  
Netherdale, Cla.  
Netherton, Ag.  
Newbiggin, Skir.  
Newbiggen, Stan.  
Newbre, Cla.  
Newhall, Stras.  
Newhall, Stan.  
Newhall, Cla.  
New Park, Ag.  
Newland, Bar.  
Newland, Ag.  
Newthorpe, Bar.  
Newthorpe, Bar.  
Newthoase, Cla.  
Newsholme, Stan.  
Newsome, Stan.  
Newton, Stan.  
Newton, Stan.  
Newton hall, Cla.  
Newton Kinne, Bar.  
Nonnewicke, Cla.  
Nonmonekton, Cla.  
Notton, Stain.  
Nostall, Osgod.  
Nydd, Cla.  
Nid Flu.  
North land, Mor.  
Normanton, Ag.  
Notton, Osgod.  
Nun Apleton, Bar.    


O  
Okenshaw, Mor.  
Okeworth, Stan.  
Old Town, Mor.  
Ollerton, Bar.  
Olton, Mor.  
Osendike, Bar.  
Osset, Ag.  
Osset, Ag.  
OTLAY, Skir.  
Otterburne, Stan.  
Ovendon, Mor.  
Oulcoten, Stan.  
Ouse Flood, Cla.  
Outwood, Bar.  
Owletton, Stras.  
Owstom North, Mor.  
Owstum South, Mor.  
Outwood, Ag.  
Oxnop, Mor.  
Oxspringe, Stain.  
Oxton, Anst.    


P  
Padside, Cla.  
Pannall, Cla.  
Parlington, Skir.  
Patley bridge, Cla.  
Paythorne, Stan.  
Pennygent-hill, Stan.  
Pennyston, Stain.  
Pigburne, Stras.  
Pinnow hill, Stan.  
Plompton, Cla.  
Pollington, Osgod.  
PONTEFRACT, Osgod.  
Poppleton Nether, Cla  
Poppleton Over, Cla.  
Posthouse, Ag.  
Potter Newton, Skir.  
paul, Skir.  
Preston, Osgod.  
Preston long, Stan.  
Pudley, Mor.  
Purston, Skir.    


Q  
Quarnbie, Ag.  
Quick, Ag.    


R  
Randon Parke, Stan.  
Ramsgill, Cla.  
Rams-mill, Stan.  
Ramfeild, Stras.  
Rastricke, Mor.  
Rather Flu.  
Ranucliffe, Osgod.  
Rawden, Skir.  
Rawmarsh, Stras.  
Rawthmell, Stan.  
Redhouses, Cla.  
Redness, Osgod.  
Remmogton, Stan.  
Ribble Flu. Slain.  
Ribton hall, Cla.  
Riddleston, Skir.  
Rigton, Skir.  
Rigton, Cla.  
Rilston, Stan.  
Ripax, Cla.  
RIPPON, Cla.  
Riponden, Mor.  
Roche, Stras.  
Rocley, Stain.  
Rocliffe, Cla.  
Rodeshall, Mor.  
Rondhay, Skir.  
Rosington, Stras.  
ROTHERHAM, Stras.  
Rothwell, Mor.  
Rosset, Cla.  
Roiston, Stain.  
Rufford, Anst.  
Rush Park, Bar.  
Rushforth, Skir.  
Rybstone great, Cla.  
Rybstone little, Cla.  
Ryle, Stain.  
RYPLEY, Cla.  
Ryshworth, Mor.  
Ryther, Bar.    


S  
Sandall, Stras.  
Sandall, Ag.  
Sandall, Stras.  
Sandbecke, Stras.  
Saddleworth, Ag.  
Sapeden, Mor.  
Sawley, Cla.  
Sawlle, Stan.  
Saxton, Bar.  
Scalnie Park, Bar.  
Scharthingwell, Bar.  
Scausbie, Stras.  
Scawsbie Stras.  
Scricole, Mor.  
Scothorpe, Stan.  
Scotten, Cla.  
Scryven, Cla.  
Seacrofte, Skir.  
Sedber, Stan.  
SELBY. Bar.  
SETTLE, Stan.  
Shadwell, 〈◊〉  
Sharleston, Ag.  
Sharo, Cla.  
Sharphill, Bar.  
Shafton, Stain.  
Sheaffeild Manner, Str.  
Sheapley, A●.  
SHEFFEILD, Stras.  
Sheffeild Manor, Stra.  
Shelburgh, Osgod.  
Shelf, Mor.  
Shellen, Ag.  
Shelle, Ag.  
SHERHORN, Bar.  
Sherston, Ag.  
Shibden, Mor.  
Shipley, Mor.  
Shitlington, Ag.  
Sicklinghall, Cla.  
Silsden, Stan.  
Scale Park, Stan.  
Skelgaite, Cla.  
Skelton, Cla.  
SKIPTON, Stan.  
Skircotes, Mor.  
Sladbone, Stan.  
Slaghwaite, Ag.  
Slandburne, Stain.  
Slemingforth, Cla.  
Smavis, Bar.  
Smeton, Osgod.  
SNATHE, Osgod.  
Snidale, Ag.  
Sootill, Mor.  
Sowerby, Mor.  
Sowerby bridge, Mor.  
Sowland, Mor.  
Spoforth, Cla  
Spoforth Park, Cla.  
Spiritbrough, Stras.  
Sprodbrug, Stras.  
Spruston, Skir.  
Staineland, Mor.  
Stainton, Stras.  
Stamford, Stras.  
Stame, Cla.  
Stanfeild, Stras.  
Stanley, Ag.  
Stanley, Ag.  
Staneley, Cla.  
Stanley North, Cla.  
Stane land, Mor.  
Stan●feild, Mor.  
Stanfeild, Mor.  
Staneley, Cla.  
Staynebeck nether, Cla.  
Staynebeck upper, Cla.  
Staynebet hall, Slain.  
Staineborne, Cla.  
Staynebrough, Stain.  
Stayneley, Cla.  
Stayneley North, Cla.  
Stayneforth, Stras.  
Stayneforth, Stan.  
Staynyngton, Stras.  
Stapleton, Osgod.  
Starhoton, Stan.  
Steton, Stan.  
Stetonhull, Anst.  
Stokell, Cla.  
Stocketle, Cla.  
Stubbes, Stras.  
Stubham, Cla.  
Studley, Cla.  
Studeley great, Cla.  
Streeton, stan.  
Streeton hall, Anst.  
Streetethorpe, stras.  
Sturton, stan.  
Stutton, Bar.  
Suthill, Mor.  
Sutton, Bar.  
Sutton, stan.  
Swilington, skir.  
Swinden, stan.  
Swinefleete, Osgod.  
Swinton, stras.  
Sykehouse Chapel, stras.  
Synnenthwate, Anst.  
Syntton, stras.  
Syxforthe, Cla.  
Sylxton, stain.    


T  
Tadcaster, Bar.  
Tankersley, stan.  
Tawne, Ag.  
Temple Newson, skir.  
turn, stan.  
Thorn, stras.  
Thorn, stras.  
Thornecrosse, Cla.  
Thornecliffe, stras.  
Thornehill, Ag.  
Thorn, stras.  
Thorn mere, stras.  
Thorner, skir.  
Thornthwate, Cla.  
Thornton, Mor.  
Thornton, stan.  
Thornton in Craven, stan.  
Thornton in Lonsdale, stan.  
Thorpe, Cla.  
Thorpe, Cla.  
Thorpe, Bar.  
Thorpe, stras.  
Thorpe on the Mount, Mor.  
Thorporch, Anst.  
Thorpsalve, stras.  
Threshfeild, stan.  
Thoborgh, stras.  
Thropsalvyn, stras.  
Thurgoland, stain.  
Thurlston, stain.  
Thurnsco, Stras.  
Thurnsco, stras.  
Thursland, Ag.  
Thurstonland, Ag.  
Tinglaw, Mor.  
Tockwith, Anst.  
Todwicke, stras.  
Tonge, Mor.  
Topcliffe, Mor.  
Towton, Bar.  
Towton, Bar.  
Treton, stras.  
Tristrop, stras.  
Turnbrigdike Flu.  
Tweselton, stan.  
Tyckhill, stras.  
Tylen, stras.  
Tymble great, Cla.  
Tymble little, Cla.  
Tynslaw, stras.    


V  
Vghtershaw, stan.  
Vllay, stras.  
Vpton, Osgo●.  
V●bane great, Cla.  
V●bane little, Cla.  
Vskell, Bar.    


W  
Waddesley bridge, stras.  
Waddington, stan.  
Waddington, stan.  
Wadworth, stras.  
Wadworth, stras.  
Wadsworth, Mor.  
Wakefeild kirkegate, Ag.  
Wakefeild Northgate, Ag.  
WAKEFEILD Westgate, A  
Waldinwells, stras.  
Wadkingham, Cla.  
Wales, stras.  
Walls, stras.  
Wallothwaite, Cla.  
Walton, Ag.  
Walton, Anst.  
Walton head, Cla.  
Warley, Mor.  
Warmfeild, Ag.  
Warmsworth, stras.  
Warnsworth, stras.  
Warsbrough, stain.  
Water fulton, Osg.  
Warerton hall, Ag.  
Watersham, skir.  
Wath upon doom, stras.  
Washbroke Flu.  
Washforth, Cla.  
Weardlay, skir.  
Weeton, Cla.  
Went Flu.  
Wenthrig, Osgod.  
Wentworth, stras.  
Westbury, stras.  
West Hall, Cla.  
West Houses, Cla.  
Westerton, Mor.  
Westgaite, Cla.  
WETHERBIN, Cla.  
Weston, Cla.  
Wharse Flu.  
Wharse Flu.  
Wharingbye, Mor.  
Wharledale, Cla.  
Wharnside hill, stan.  
Wheatlye, stras.  
Wheatley, stras.  
Whelpston Hil●, stan.  
Whitcliffe, Cla.  
Whitgift, Osgod.  
Whit●ey Hal, Ag.  
Whitley, Ag.  
Whitwood, Ag.  
Whiston, stras.  
Whixley, Cla.  
Whitley, Osgod,  
Wibsey, Mor.  
Wicke, Mor.  
Wicke, Mor.  
Wickesley, Cla.  
Wickensley, stras.  
Widhophead, Mor.  
Widkirke, skir.  
Wigill, Anst.  
Wigglesworth, stan.  
Wigglesworth, stan.  
Wigheweseh, stras.  
Wigton, skir.  
Wikeley, stras.  
Wilsthorpe, Anst.  
Wingby, Osgod.  
Winterborne, stan.  
Winterset, stain.  
Wistow, Bar.  
Woodham, Cla.  
Worry stain.  
Wombroel, stras.  
Womersley, Osgod.  
Woodall, Cla.  
Woadhouse, stras.  
Woodhouse, stras.  
Woodsonne, Hall, Ag.  
Woodsets, stras.  
Workeley, Mor.  
Wooroll, stras.  
Worspur, stain.  
Wo●tley, stain.  
Wragby, Osgod.  
Wrenthorpe, Ag.  
Wyseda●e.    


Y  
Yeadon, skir.  
Yokenthwait, stan.      

THese parts of the division of Yorkshire, and the East and North-Riding, 
The bounds of the North and East-Ridings.  are stretched out Eastward, even to the Spurn-head, and on the North coast are separated from the Bishopric of Durham, and with the Sea: hath Westmoreland on the West Humber on the South, and the Germane Sea upon the East, being separated each from other by the River Derwent, running betwixt them with a long winding course.  

The Air.  (2) The air is subtle and piercing, and not inclined naturally to contagious infections, which causeth the people to live long and healthfully, and are not so subject to Agues, Fluxes, or other imperfections as those Countries be, that are more troubled with mists, or foggy vapours.  

The Soil and other Commodities.  (3) The soil is generally indifferently fruitful; for though some part be craggy, mountainous, and full of hills, yet some others exceeding good for the gifts of Nature in her delightsome varieties, as of Corn, Cattle, and Pasturage; with veins of Metal, and Iron, besides an Alum earth of sundry colours, out of which some have lately begun to try very good Alum and Copperasse. And for fish, 
Herrings.  the Hollanders and Zelanders do raise unto themselves great profit upon this coast, having long since obtained licence, which they keep still by an ancient custom: for the Englishmen granting leave unto others, reserved the honour to themselves, which would be (no doubt) far the greater, if they made gain of their own labours.  

Kingston upon Hull.  (4) Places for trade and venting forth of her commodities are many, yet none of such convenience as Kingston upon Hull: which notwithstanding, cannot fetch her beginning from any great antiquity, being before time called Wike. King Edward the first built this Town, making a a Haven, and granting divers liberties to the Burgesses; so that it is risen to great state, both for stately buildings, and strong Blockhouses for Ships, well furnished, and store of Merchants, and is now become the most famous Town of that Country; whose greatest riches is ascribed to the gainful trade they have by Iland-fish, dried and hardened, 
Stockfish.  commonly called Stockfish. This Town is governed by a Mayor, (who hath the sword of State carried before him) twelve Aldermen, that in their Assemblies go clad in Scarlet, one Sheriff, a Water-bailiffe, a Sword-bearer, a Chamberlain, a Recorder, a Town-clerk, and six Sergeants at Mace. Whose graduation according as the Mathematics have observed, is for Longitude 20 degrees and 30. scruples, and for Latitude 54. degrees and 28. scruples.  

Beverly a Sanctuary.  (5) Beverley in honour of S. john Archbishop of York, by King Athelstane obtained many privileges, whereof a Sanctuary was one, wherein Bankrupts and men suspected of any capital crime, might be safe and free from danger of Law. This is memorable, that the River from Hull was cut by the Townsmen, sufficient to carry Boats and Barges.  

Places where are stones found like Serpents.  (6) Places of memorable note, are Whitby, where are found certain stones fashioned like Serpents, folded and wrapped round in a wreath, even the very pastimes of Nature, who when she is wearied (as it were) with serious works, sometimes forgeth and shapeth things by way of sport and recreation: so that by the credulous they are thought to have been Serpents, which a coat or crust of stones had now covered all over, and by the prayers of Saint Hilda turned to stones. And also there are certain fields here adjoining, where Geese flying over, fall down suddenly to the ground, 
Where Geese fall.  to the great admiration of all men. But such as are not given to superstitious credulity, may attribute this unto a secret propriety of this ground, and a hidden dissent betwixt this soil & these Geese, as the like is between Wolves and the Squilla roots. At Skengrave (a little village) some seventy years since, was caught a fish called a Seaman, 
Where a Seaman was c●ught.  that for certain days together fed on raw fishes, but espying his opportunity, escaped again into his watery element. At hunt-cliff are found stones of a yellowish, others of a reddish colour, of a certain salt matter, which by their smell and taste make show of Copperasse, Nitre, and Brimstone. Also great store of Marquesites, in colour resembling brass.  
Ounsbury hill, 
Water for diseased eyes.  besides a spring of medicinable waters for the eyes, is a prognostication unto her neighbours; whose head being covered with a cloudy cap, presageth some tempestuous storms or showers to follow. So doth another place near Moulgrave Castle, 
Black Amber or Jette.  where is found black Amber or jette: some take it to be Gagates, in old time a Gem, and precious stone of great estimation. At Huntly Nabo, are stones found at the roots of certain rocks, of divers bigness, 
Round stones with stone-Serpents in them.  so artificially shaped round by Nature, in manner of a Globe, as if they had been made by the Turner's hand. In which (if you break them) are found stony Serpents, enwrapped round like a wreath, but most of them headless.  
(7) Matters for martial note, 
The Battle of Battlebridge.  are the Battles fought at Battlebridge (of which it takes the name) where Harald King of England had a great Victory against the Danes, who with a fleet of two hundred sail, grievously annoyed the I'll of Britain: where Harald the King of Norway was slain, 
The Battle of the Standard. David King of Scots.  and Harald of England, besides the Honour of the field, found a great mass of Gold. Also the Battle, commonly called, the Battle of Standard; in which David King of Scots was put to flight, and the English made a great slaughter of his people.  
At Thruske, 
Mowbray.  Roger Mowbray out of his strong Castle displayed his banner, and called the King of Scots to the overthrow of his own native Country, even at that time when King Henry the second had (as it were) rashly digged his own grave, 
King Henry the second.  by investing his son King in equal authority with himself. But his rebellion was, in the end, quenched with blood, and the Castle quite dismantled, so that beside a ditch and rampire, there is no sign or show left of a Castle.  
(8) Places of Piety erected in these parts, 
Religious houses. Dunsley. Gisburgh. Kirkham. Deirwa●d.  were the Abbey of Saint Hilda, built near Dunesly. The fair and rich Abbey of Gisburgh, built about the year of our Salvation 1110. The Priory of Canons founded at Kirkham. The Monastery near unto Beverley, which Beda nameth Derwaud. The Monastery of Saint Michael by Hull. The two Abbeys of Newborough and Biland. The abbey of Meaux, and another not far from Cottingham, which the founder purposely built for the Monks of the Cluniacke Order, that he might be released of the Vow he had made to visit Jerusalem: all of them resorted unto by continual concourse of Pilgrims, to make their adorations in those days of Ignorance: but since the true God hath unmasked the errors of those times by the truth of his Word, the same places are worthily become the subjects of his just displeasure, for worshipping Images, and false tutelar Gods, instead of the true and everliving Saviour.  
(9) These parts and divisions of Yorkshire, 
Market-towns.  consisting upon the North and East-ridings, contain twenty five Market-towns for buying and selling, eleven Castles for strength and fortification, and 459. Parishes for Gods divine worship, under which be very many Chapels, for number of Inhabitants, equal to very great Parishes.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in the North and East-Riding of Yorkshire.  


North-Riding Hundreds.  
1 Gillingwest wap.  
2 Gillingeast wap.  
3 Allerton Shire.  
4 Langbargh. Lib.  
5 Whitbystrand Li.  
6 Pickering Wap.  
7 rydal Wapen.  
8 Bulmar wapen.  
6 Burdforth wapen.  
10 Hallikeld wapen.  
11 Hangeast wapen.  
12 Hangwest wapen.   

East-Riding Hundreds.  
1 Buccrosse Wapen.  
2 Dickering Wapen.  
3 holderness Wapen.  
4 Ouse and Derwent Wapen.  
5 Howd●us●er Wap. 

Harthil. W.  
Wilton Devi.  
Baynton Devi.  
Holm● Devi.  
Hunsley Devi.     


A  
Abbane Chapel, Di●  
Acklam, Lan.  
Acklam, Buc.  
Aglethorp, Hangw.  
Anderby aniers, Hangeast.  
Anderby Whe●●how Hal.  
Aismby, Hall●.  
Aiskew, Hangeast.  
Aiskugge, Hangwest.  
Atton, Dic.  
Aldbrough, Hangeas●.  
Aldby, Buc.  
Aldwarke, Bulm.  
Allerthorpe, Halli.  
Allerthorpe Wilt.  
Alleston, Pick.  
ALLERTON North, Al.  
Alune, Bulme.  
Anderby Steeple, Gillinge.  
Amotherby, Rydal.  
Ampleforth, Burdf.  
Ampleforth, Rydal.  
Ape●side, Hangwest.  
Applegarth, Forfeit. Gillw.  
Applegarth, Man●k. Gillw.  
Appleton, Rydal.  
Appleton, Rydal.  
Appleton, Lan.  
Appleton East, Hang  
Appleton West, Hangeast  
A●den, Burdf.  
A●denside, Burdf.  
A●ke flu.  
Arkengarth Dade, Gillw.  
Arncliff, Burdf.  
Arngill, Gillingwest.  
Armantwhaite, Lan.  
Auran, H●ld.  
Arsham, Lan.  
Ask, Gillingwest.  
Asselby, Howd.  
Atwick, H●ld.  
Auderby, Hangeast.  
Auderby, Hangeast.  
Aughton, H●lm.  
Auldburge, Gillingw.  
Aumoad Park, Burdf.  
Awlb●ough, Hold.  
Awthorne, Hangwest.  
Ayska●th, Hangwest.  
Ayslaby, Pick.  
Aysleybye, Lan.  
Ayton grea●, Lan.  
Ayton little, Lan.    


B  
Babthorpe, Derwent.  
Bagby, Burdf.  
Baldesby, Halli.  
Baindridge, Hangw.  
Ban●y flu.  
Barden▪ Hangwest.  
Barforth, Gillingw.  
Barhouse, Huns.  
Ba●leby, Derwent.  
Barmby, Howd.  
Barmeston, Hold.  
Barmingham, Gillinw  
Barnabre, Lan.  
Barnloye, Wilt.  
Barnsdale Chap. Rid.  
Barton, Hal●i.  
Barton, Bulm.  
Barton, Gillingeast.  
Barton in the street. Rid.  
Barton upon Yor. Hang.  
Barthorpe, Bucc.  
Barwick, Lan.  
Basbie, Lan.  
Battersbie, Lan.  
Bauder, flu.  
Bauder Dale, Gilling.  
Balderskarth Hill, Gillinwest.  
Bargh little, Rydal.  
Bargh great, Rydal.  
Bayesdale, Lan.  
Baiton, Baint.  
Bealhi, Holm.  
bedal, Hangeast  
Belbie, Howd.  
Bellathy, Hangwest.  
Bellasisse, Howd.  
Bently, H●●s.  
Bempton, Dic.  
Bemingbrough, B●l.  
Bemingham, Hold.  
Bery Chappel, Bucc.  
Bessomby, Dic.  
Bessewick, Baint.  
BEVERLEY, Huns.  
Bewdlam, Rydal.  
Bew●am, Hold.  
Biland old, Burdf.  
Biland Abbey, Burdf.  
Bilsdale, Rydal.  
Bilsealed, Burdf.  
Bilton, Hold.  
Bird●all, Buck.  
Birkbie, Aller.  
Birkdale, Hangw.  
Blackholm.  
Black●ost, Howd.  
Blayde●, Hangw.  
Blaker More, Whit.  
Blamby Park, Pick.  
Bolton, Gillingwest.  
Bolton, Wilt.  
Bolton, Gillingwest.  
Barnell Howd.  
Booth, Howd.  
Bo●robie Burdf.  
Botrowbie, Aller.  
Botrowbie, Lan.  
Bossalt, Bulm.  
Boultbie, Burdf.  
Boulton East, Hangw.  
Boulton West, Hangw.  
Bourne, Ho●me.  
Bonwick, Hold.  
Bows, Gillingwest.  
Boynton, Dic.  
Boythorpe, Dic.  
Bracken, Baynt.  
Brakenborgh, Burdf.  
Brackenholm, Derw.  
Bradley, Hangw.  
Brickhall, Hang.  
Bransdale, Rydal.  
B●●nesbutton, Hold.  
Brankingham, Huns.  
Branthingham, How.  map of the North and East Riding of Yorkshire 
THE NORTH AND EAST RIDINS OF YORKSHIRE   
Bransby, Bulm●r.  
Bra●serton, ●ulm●r.  
Brawby, rydal.  
Brawi●h, Aller.  
BRIDLINGTON, D  
Bridlington key, Dic.  
Brighton, Holm.  
Brigham, Dic.  
Brigwell, Gillingw.  
Briscoe, East, Gillinw▪  
Briscoe, west Gillinw.  
Brittinby, Gillingeast.  
Bromefleete, Huns.  
Brompton, Allerton.  
Brompton, Dic.  
Brompton, Pick.  
Brompton upon Swayle Gillinwest.  
Brotton, L●ngh.  
Brough, Hold.  
Broughton, Rydal.  
Broughton great, La●  
Br●xay, Whit.  
Bubwith, Holm.  
Buckton, Dic.  
B●dickepark, Lang.  
Bugthorpe, Bucc.  
Bulmer, Bulm.  
Burdforth, Burdf.  
Burdghall, hangeast.  
Bu●gh, Hu●.  
Burnby, Wilton.  
Burnby, Holm.  
Bu●nholne, Holm.  
Bu●nholm south, Haul  
Burmston, Halli.  
Burnton, Gillinge.  
Burrell, Hangeast.  
Bu●robe, Alle●.  
Button, Gillinge.  
Button, Hangw.  
Button, Hangeast.  
Button Agnes, Dic.  
Button Bishops, Hun  
Button Constable Hangwest  
Button Constabl Hol.  
Button Fleming, Dic.  
Button North, Dic.  
Button Piesly, Hold.  
Burstalgarth, Hold.  
Burstwick, Hold.  
Burstwick, Hold.  
Bu●bie, Langh.  
Bushopdale, Hangw.  
Buttercramb. Bul.  
Butterside, Hangw.  
Butterswick, Rydal.  
Butterwick, Dic.  
Byford, H●ld.  
Byland Abbey, Burd.  
By●●ington, Dic.    


C  
Camerton, Hold.  
Camp, Dic.  
Capilbroke, Hangw.  
Carlton, Hold.  
Carleton, Rydal.  
Carleton, Burdf.  
Carleton, Burdf.  
Carleton, Lang.  
Carleton, Hangw.  
Carnaby, Dic.  
Carpe●bit●, Hangw.  
Carthorpe, Halli.  
Castleton, Lang.  
Ca●●osse, Hold.  
Caton, Pick.  
Catte●ick, Hangeast.  
Cattewicket, Hangw.  
Catton, Wilton.  
Catton, Burdf.  
Catwick, Hold.  
Cave south, Huns.  
Cave south, Huns.  
Cavet-house, Hangw.  
Cavil, Howd.  
Cauth●rne, Pick.  
Cauthorpe, Halli.  
Cauton, Rydal.  
Cawbu●gh, Hangw.  
Cawdwell, Gillingw.  
Cawton, Rydal.  
Caythorpe, Di●.  
Caynham, Hold.  
Cherry button, Hun.  
Claxton, Bul.  
Cleasbie, Gillingw.  
Cleveland, Lang●argh.  
cliff, Gillingw.  
cliff, Der●ont.  
cliff north, Huns.  
cliff south, Huns.  
Clifton, Hangeast.  
Clouton, Pick.  
Clowbeck, Gillinge.  
Clifton, ●ul.  
Codbeck flu.  
Codbeck flu.  
Coldon, Hold.  
Collingham, Huns.  
Colton, Rydal.  
Coltow flu.  
Co●isthorpe, Bul.  
Conystone, Hold.  
Coolam, Buc.  
Coram, Han●west.  
Cornebrough, B●l.  
Corcliffe, Aller.  
Cotham, Bucc.  
Cotham east, Lang.  
Cotham west, Lang.  
Co●ehouse, Pick.  
Cothenstone, Gallow.  
Cotnes, Howd.  
Cottingham, Huns.  
Cotinwith, Derwont.  
Cottingwith, East▪ H●lme.  
Cotton▪ Di●.  
Couckwold, Burdf.  
Coverham, Hangw.  
Coverwood, Hangw.  
Coulsbie, Burdf.  
Coudney flu.  
Coundall Halli.  
Cowborn●, Hangeast.  
Cowlby, Langli.  
Cow●by, Hangeast.  
Cow●ing, Hangeast.  
Cowton East, Gill●.  
Cowton North, Gil. ●.  
Cowton South, Gil●●.  
Crag●, Gillingw.  
Craike Castle, Bul.  
Crakall, Hangeast.  
Crakeall, Burd.  
Crakpot, Hangwest.  
Crambnie, Bul.  
Crawthorn, Lang●.  
Croome, Bucc.  
Cropton, Pick.  
Croftbridge, Gillinge  
Crowmond Abbey, L●  
Cudderston, Gillingw  
Cundall, Halli.  
Cunsby, Lang●.    


D  
Dailetown, Burd.  
Dalton, Burd.  
Dalton●, Gillingw.  
Dalton north, Bay●.  
Dalton south, Hu●s.  
Dalton upon rease, gilw  
Danby, Hangw.  
Danby, Lang●.  
Danby Pa●k, Langh.  
Danby upon wi●ke, Gillin East.  
Danthorpe, Hold.  
Dawby, Bul.  
Dawton, Gillingeast.  
Dope Dale, Gillingw.  
Derwent flu.  
Dighton, All●r.  
Dighton, D●rwent.  
Dinsde●●, All●r.  
Disserth, Halli.  
Donnington, Derw.  
Dow flu.  
Drewton, Hu●s.  
Dri●feild great, Bayn.  
Dri●●eild little, Bayn.  
Dringod, Hold.  
Dromanby, Lang●.  
Dripo●●e, Hold.  
Duffeild north, Derw.  
Duffeild south, Derw.  
Duggleby, Bucc.  
Dunholme, Hangw.  
Dunnington, Hold.  
Dunsley over, Aller.  
Dunsloe, Whisby.    


E  
Easbie, Gillingwest.  
Easebie, Langb.  
Eastborn, Baynton.  
Easington, Hold.  
Easington, Langb.  
Easingwould, B●●.  
Eastnewton, Hold.  
Eastnes West, Rydal.  
Easton, Dic.  
Eastrington, Howd.  
Eastrope, Holm.  
Eton, Wilton.  
Ebberstone, Pick.  
Eckerbie, Hangeast.  
Eddlethorpe, Bucc.  
Edstone, Rydal.  
Egleton, Gillingwest.  
Egton, Langb.  
Elemere, Burd.  
Ellarton, Hangwest.  
Ellerbeck, Aller.  
Ellerborne, Pick.  
Ellerbie, Hold.  
Ellerbye, Langb.  
Ellerker, Howd.  
Ellerton, Gillinge.  
Ellerton, Hangeast.  
Ellerton, Holm.  
Ellington, Hangeast.  
Ellingstring, Hang.  
Elloughton, Huns.  
Elsternwicke, Hold.  
Elton, Huns.  
Elvington, Derwent.  
Emmotland, Hold.  
Emswell, Baynton.  
Epelby, Gillingw.  
Er●holme, Gillinge.  
Ereswick, Bul.  
E●k, Hold.  
Eskdaleside, Whit.  
Eskridge, Derwent.  
Estone, Dic.  
Eston▪ Langb.  
Etherdwick, Hold.  
Evelot, Hangw.  
Eventon, Pick.  
Evetingham, Holm.  
Eve●ly, W●it.  
Everthorpe, Huns.  
Exilbie, Halli.    


F  
Faceby, Langb.  
Fanckfosse, Wilton.  
Farlington, ●ul.  
Fa●manby, Pick.  
Farl●ngton, Bul.  
Farmanby, Pick.  
Farndale, Rydal.  
Fawdington, Burd.  
Fax●●e●te, Huns.  
Fearby, Hangeast.  
Feildham, Gillingw.  
Felixkirke, Burd.  
Fencottes, Hangeast.  
Feriby, Huns.  
Filingdales, Whit.  
Finber, Bucc.  
Fingall, Hangw.  
Finghall, Hangeast.  
Firby, Hangeast.  
Firby, Bucc.  
Fitling, Hold.  
Fladme●e, Rydal.  
Flamborough head, Dic.  
Flawith, Bul.  
Flaxfleete, Howd.  
Flaxton, Bul.  
Flaxton little, Bul.  
Flaymbrough, Dic.  
Fletcham, Hangeast.  
Flinton, Hold.  
F●ixton, Dic.  
Flottenby, Dic.  
Fogathorpe, Holm.  
Fordon, Dic.  
Forset, Gillingw.  
Fosham, Hold.  
Fosse flu.  
Fosse flu.  
Foston, Dic.  
Fosse, Bul.  
Foulebridge, Pick.  
Fowl sutton, Derw.  
Fowlkton, Dic.  
Foxholes, Dic.  
Foxton, Aller.  
Fraythorpe, Dic.  
Frantenby, Pick.  
Freburgh hills, Lang.  
Fremington, Gilling●  
Freswick, Bul.  
Fridethorpe, Bucc.  
Fryton, Rydal.  
Fr●oppe hill, Rydal.  
Frodingham, Hold.  
Frodingham North, holderness.  
Fulsi●th, gate, Derw.  
Fu●fu●th water, Derw.  
Fulsutton, Wilton.  
Futgarth, ●old.  
Fy●ey, Dic.  
Fyling hall, Wilt.  
Fysholm, Dic.    


G  
Gaintidby, Halli.  
Gales, Gillingw.  
Gauthorpe, Bul.  
Ganstead, hold.  
Ganton, Dic.  
Gariston, Hangw.  
Gartham, huns.  
Garton, hold.  
Garton, Dic.  
Gate hamsley, Bul.  
Gaut●es sourest, Bul.  
Gembling, Dic.  
Gervis Abbey, hangw.  
Gilbe●dich, how.  
Gi●lamere, Rydal.  
Gilling, Gillingw.  
Gilling Castle, Rydal  
Gilmanby, Gillingw.  
Gi●lington, Gillingw.  
Girsbie, Aller.  
GISBROUGH, Lang  
G●aresdale Chappel, Langb  
Golton, Lang.  
Goodale house, hold.  
Goodmanham, holm.  
Gomerset, hangw.  
Gotelard, Pick.  
Govidale great, will't.  
Goulesby, Burd.  
Gowethorpe, wilton.  
Goxhell, hold.  
Grang, Bul.  
Gransmere, Dic.  
Grastwith, Burd.  
Graton, Baynton.  
Greenhowe, Langb.  
Greta flu.  
Greatabridge, Gillw  
Grubthorpe, holm.  
Grimstone, Derwent.  
Grimestone, hold.  
Grimstone north, buc  
Grinton, Hangwest.  
Gristroope, Pic.  
Grownond Ab, Lang  
Gryndall, Dic.  
Gunby, holm.    


H  
Habton great, Rydal.  
Habton little, Rydal.  
Hackforth, hangeast.  
Hacknes, Wilt.  
Hallykell, Aller.  
Hallhaf▪ hold.  
Handal Abbey, Lang.  
Hanxwel east, hangw.  
Hanwel west, hangw.  
Happeswel, hangw.  
Harcaside, Hangw.  
Hardraw, Hangw.  
Harford flu.  
Harlesay east, Burd.  
Harlesay west, Aller  
Harlethorpe, holm.  
Harneby, hang.  
Haron, Rydell.  
Harpham, Dic.  
Harsewel, Holm.  
Hart●ord, Gilling.  
Harton, Bul.  
Haward dale, Whit.  
Hartw●od dale flu.  
Hatefeild, hold.  
Hatfeild little, hold.  
Haton, Bulm.  
Haton, Holm.  
Haulgat, Gillingw.  
Hawnaby, Gilling.  
Hawneby, Burd.  
Habie, Bul.  
Haystroppe, Dic.  
HEADON, hold.  
Headey park, hange  
Healy, Hangeast.  
Healy, Hangwest.  
Heaton, Aller.  
Helb●cke lands, Hangwest  
HELMELEY.  
Helmsley nether, Bul.  
Helmsley over, Bul.  
Helperby, bul.  
Helperby, Burds.  
Helperthorpe, Buc.  
Helw●th, Gillingwest.  
Hemsley gate, Bul.  
Hemlington, Lang.  
Hemmingburgh, Der.  
Hemsley, Rydal.  
Hermitage, Huns.  
Heslington, Derwent.  
Hessel, huns.  
Hesselskugh ash, hun.  
Hestetton cast, Buc.  
Hestetton west, Buc.  
Hewby, Bul.  
Hewicke, Halli.  
Hewton, Bul.  
Hewworth, bul.  
Hilderskil Castle, Bul.  
Hilton, Lang.  
Hiltour, Bul  
Hilton, hangeast.  
Hilston, hold.  
Hinderthwarts, Gillw.  
Hintington, 〈◊〉.  
Hinton, Bayn.  
Hipswel, hange.  
Hodgebeeke flu.  
Holgate flu.  
Holgrave, Aller.  
Hollam, Hold.  
Holme, Aller.  
Holme, Rydal.  
Holme in Spaldingmore, haul.  
Holme upon Would, Bayn.  
Hollomill Cross, Hangw  
Holtby, Hangeast.  
Holtby, Bul.  
Holwich, Gillingw.  
Holwich crag, Gillingw.  
Hompton, Hold.  
Hope, Gilling.  
Hophouse, Hangw.  
Hornebie, Aller.  
Hornby, Hang.  
Hornsey, Hold.  
Hornsey beck, hold.  
Hornsey button, hold.  
Hornsey more, hold.  
Ho●se-house, hangw.  
Hocket, Whit.  
Housegarth, Whit.  
HOVINGHAM, Rid  
HOWDEN, Hold.  
Howdenprice, huns.  
How, Halli.  
How, Rydal.  
Howsham, Buc.  
Hudeswel, Hang.  
Hugget, Wilt.  
HULL, Huns.  
Hull, flu.  
Humber flu.  
Humbe●ton, Halli.  
Humblet●●, Hold.  
Hummanby, Dic.  
Hunsley house, huns.  
Hunton, Hangw.  
Hurry, Gillingw.  
Husthtwate, Burd.  
Hutham, Huns.  
Huton, Rydal.  
Huton, Gillingw.  
Hutton, Langb.  
Huton, ●alli.  
Huton, Bul.  
Huton bwel, Aller.  
Huton bushel, Pick.  
Huton conyers, Aller  
Huttō●cranwick, B●●n  
Hutton nulgrave, La  
Hutton Sand, Burdf.  
Hylderthorpe, Dic.  
Hynderwell, Lang.  
Hyndeskell, Bul.    


I  
Ilkton, Hangeast.  
Ingleby, Lang.  
Ingleby arneclisse, Lan.  
Ingleby green how, Lan.  
Inggs' north, Bul.  
S. john's, Gillingw.  
S. john's mount, Burd.  
Ipsal Castle, Burd.    


K  
Kearton, Hangwest.  
Kedler, Lang.  
Kee●by, Burd.  
Keldum, Rydal.  
Keel Chappel, hangw.  
Kelfeild, Derwent.  
Kelings, Hold.  
Kelek, Hold.  
Kelke, Dic.  
Kelton, Gillingw.  
Kenethorpe, Buc.  
Keingham, Hold.  
Kepwicke, Burdf.  
Keir●ingham, Buc.  
Ke●by, Derwent.  
Kildale, Lang.  
Killenwick, Bayn.  
Kille●by, hangeast.  
Kilborne, Burd.  
Killingwold, huns.  
Kilnsey, Hold.  
Kilvington north, all●●  
Kilvington north, Bu●  
Kilvington south, Bu●.  
Kilton, La●g.  
Ki●wicke, Wilton.  
Kinthorpe, Pick.  
Kiplin, Gillinge.  
Kirby, Langb.  
Kirby knole, Burdf.  
Kirkby, Halli.  
King keburne, Bayn.  
Kirkbe, under dale, Buc.  
Kirkby flethan, hange.  
Kirkby grindlich, buc  
Kirby on the hill, Gillingw  
Kirby masperton▪ Rydal.  
KI●KBY mosside, 〈◊〉  
Kirkby upon the mount, Gill. w  
Kirkby overker, Pick  
Kirkby wick, Gillinge  
Kirkdale, Rydal.  
Kirkelley, Huns.  
Kirkham, Buc.  
Kirkleadholme, Lang  
Ki●kleaventon, Lang  
Kirklington, halli.  
Knedlington, howd.  
Knapton, Buc.  
Knaton, Aller.  
KYLHAM, Dic.    


L  
Laiborne, Hangwest.  
La●ki●ke, Gillingw.  
Laiton, Buc.  
Landhouse, Pick.  
Landmoth, Aller.  
Langthorpe, hangeast  
Lanton, Buc.  
Langton great, Gillw  
Langton little, Gillw.  
Langtost, Dic.  
Lartington, Gillingw.  
Lasenby, Lang.  
Latholm, Holm.  
Laton east, Gilling▪ w  
Laton west, gilling. w  
Latton east, Buc.  
Latton west, buc.  
Laxton, Howd.  
Leaveming, Buc.  
Le●usham, Pick.  
Lebbeston, Pick.  
Le●kby, Halli.  
Leeming, halli.  
Leeming little, ●ange  
Lekenfeild, Bayn.  
Lelly, Hold.  
Leppington, Buc.  
Lestingham, Rydal.  
Leven, Hold.  
Leventhorpe, Lang.  
Leverton, Langb.  
Lilling, Bul.  
Lisset, Hold.  
Litham, Huns.  
Lockenby, Lang.  
Lockenton, Bayn.  
Lockton, Pick.  
L●ng, Gillingw.  
Longdale end, Whit.  
Longthorpe, Halli.  
Losthouse, Lang.  
Lostsome, Holm.  
Lovingthorne, Halli.  
Longrouston, hold.  
Lownsbrough, holm.  
Lowthorpe, Dic.  
Lund. Derwent.  
Lu●den, Bayn.  
Lune flu  
Lune Forrest, Gill. w.  
Lunton, Gillingw.  
Lynton, Bulm.  
Lynthorpe, Lan.  
Lythe, Lan.    


M  
Maidthorpe, Buc.  
Masham, Hangeast.  
Maltby, Langb.  
MALTON, Rid.  
Malton old, Rydal.  
Manfeild, Gilling.  
Maunby upon Wharle, Gil. e.  
Mapleton, Hold.  
Mappleton, hold.  
Ma●fleet, hold.  
Ma●ish, Pick.  
Marrick, Gillingw.  
S. martin's, hange.  
Ma●ton, Dic.  
Marton, Pick.  
Marton Abbey, Bul.  
Ma●ton, Holm.  
Marton, H●ld.  
Marton, Lan.  
Ma●wich, Gillingw.  
S. Marry gate, Bul.  
Mar●k flu  
Marsk, G●llingw.  
MASHAM, hange.  
Mask, D●n.  
Melborne, Holm.  
Melme●by, Halli.  
Melme●by, Hangw.  
Meltenby, Wilton.  
Melton, h●ns.  
Melton, howd.  
Mesonby, Gillingw.  
Menthorpe, Derwent.  
Menx, Hold.  
Merfleet, hold.  
Metham, howd.  
Micl●by, Lan.  
Mickleton, Gillingw.  
MIDDLEHAM, hangw.  
Middlesbrough, Lan.  
Middleton, halli.  
Middleton, Pick.  
Middleton, Lan.  
Middleton, Baynt.  
Middleton tras, Gil. e.  
Middleton whernhow, halli.  
Milby, Halli.  
Millington, Wilton.  
Milnthouse, Wilton.  
Montgrace Abbey, Bu●.  
Mereby, Derwent.  
Merehouse, Hold.  
Meresham, Lan.  
Morton, hangeast.  
Morton, hangw.  
Morton, Bul.  
Morton, Bulm.  
Morton upon Swaile, Gil. ●.  
Morvil hill, Hangw.  
Moudthorpe, Bul.  
Moulton, Gillingeast.  
Moulgrave castle, La.  
Mowthorpe, Buc.  
Moxbie, Bul.  
Mucker, hangw.  
Muscots', Rydal.  
Muston, Dick.  
Myton, Bul.    


N  
Naburne, Derw.  
Naby, Gill. w.  
Naste●ton, Dic.  
Napper, hangw.  
Nesse, Rydal.  
Nesswicke, Baynt.  
Nesterseld, hange.  
Newbiggen, hangw.  
Newbiggen, Burdf.  
Newbiggen hall, Lan  
Newbiggen hall, Lan  
Newbold, huns.  
Newburgh, Burdf.  
Newburgh, Burdf.  
Newby, halli.  
Newby, Lan.  
Newby, Pick.  
Newby upon w●ke, Gill. e.  
New For●est, Gill. w  
New Park, hangeast.  
Newholme, Whit.  
Newland, howd.  
Newsam, Gillingw.  
Newsam, Burd.  
Newsam, holm.  
Newsam, Dick.  
Newsom, Rydal.  
Newton, Buck.  
Newton, Halli.  
Newton, Hold.  
Newton, Lan.  
Newton, Pick.  
Newton, hange.  
Newton, Rydal.  
Newton upon Derwent, Wilt.  
Newton Ma●il, Gill e.  
Newton Mulgrave, La  
Newton upon Ouse, Bu.  
S. Nicholas, Bul.  
Normanby, Rydal.  
Normanby, Whit.  
Normanby, Lan.  
Norton, Hangw.  
Norton, Buc.  
Norton, Halli.  
Norton coniers, aller.  
Nunbane holm, will't.  
Nunhouse, Aller.  
Nunckling, hold.  
Nunnington, Rydal.  
Nunthorpe, Lan.    


O  
Ossenton, Bul.  
Olewarke, Bul.  
Ollerstone Castle, Picinino  
Ormesbie, Lan.  
Osberwicke, Bul.  
Osgo●by, Derwent.  
Osgoodby, Pick.  
Osmotherlay, Aller.  
Oswoldchu●ch, Rid.  
Ottingham, hold.  
Otterington North, Aller.  
Otterington south, But  
Otterington south, All  
Overton, Bul.  
Ovington, Gillingw.  
Ou●am, hold.  
Ouse flu  
Outer Newton, hold.  
Owston, Burd.  
Owstwicke, hold.  
Ow●horne, hold.  
Oxton, Dick.  
Oxton grange, Dic.    


P  
Pate●icke b●umpton, hange.  
Pattrington, h●ld.  
Pau●holme, hold.  
paul, hold.  
Pawleholme, hold.  
Penhill bacon, hangw.  
Petersole, Rid.  
P●●kall, halli.  
PICKERING, Pick.  
Pickering forest, Picinino  
Pickering lithe, Pic.  
Pickton, Lan.  
Pinchingthorpe, Lan.  
Plewland, hold.  
POCKLINGTON,  
Pock●●y, Rid.  
Portingtong, howd.  
Pottoe, Lan.  
Potters, brinton, Dic.  
Preston, hold.  
Priston, hangwest.    


R  
Rainton, Halli.  
Rasdale Abbey, Rid.  
Raskill, Bul.  
Raswicke, hangeast.  
Rastorpe, Buc.  
Ratsey, Baynt.  
Ravensworth Castle, Gil. w  
Redker, Lan.  
Ra●th, Gillingw.  
Rials, hold.  
Ri●call, Derwent.  
Rical, flu.  
RICHMOND, Gil. w  
Ridale flu.  
Ridmer, hangw.  
Rillington, Buc.  
Rimswel, hold.  
Ringbrough, hold.  
Ris●●o, Huns.  
Risingarth, hold.  
Riston, hold.  
Rive Abbey, Burd.  
Robinhoods' bay, Wh●  
Rockcliffe, Bul.  
Rockby, Gillingw.  
Romanby, Aller.  
Rockeby, Gillingw.  
Rockwith, hangeast.  
Rossall, Bulm.  
Rosse, hold.  
Rowley, Huns.  
Rowlston, hold.  
Ro●sbie, Lan.  
Rowthe, hold.  
Rowton A●nould, hold.  
Roxby, Pick.  
Roxby, halli.  
Rudby, Lan.  
Rudlam, Rydal.  
Rudston, Dick.  
Rumboldki●ke, Gil. w  
Runckton east, Lan  
Runckton west, Alle●.  
Runswick, Lan.  
Ruston, Pick.  
Ruston, Dic.  
Ruswarpe, Whit.  
Rydale, Rydal.  
Rid flu.  
Ryghton, Dic.  
Rise, hold.  
Ryton, Rydal.    


S  
Saltmarsh, Howd.  
Salton, Rydal.  
Sanc●on, huns.  
Sandbeck, hangw.  
Sandhutton, Bul.  
Sandholme, howd.  
Sandington, Burd.  
Sandysord, Lan.  
Sandysord, Lan.  
Sattons, hangw.  
Sawden, Pick.  
Saxay, Lan.  
Seamer, Pick.  
Seamer flu.  
Seamer beacon, Pick.  
Seassey, Aller.  
Seaton, hold.  
Seaton, holm.  
Selbury, Gillingeast.  
Settrington, Buc.  
Seven flu.  
Sewerby, Dick.  
Seakleton, Bul.  
Seagglethorpe, Buc.  
Scalby, Howd.  
Scalby, Pick.  
SCARBROUGH, pic  
Scereby, Derwent.  
Scerbrough, Baynt.  
Scerton, Gillingeast.  
Scotton, hangeast.  
Sculcots, Huns.  
Scutterskel●e, Lan.  
Scraston West, hangw  
Scranton, hangeast.  
Sherburn, Buc.  
Sherifhutton, Bul.  
Shipsey, hold.  
Shipton, Holme.  
Shipton, Bul.  
Sigglethorpe, hold.  
Sigston, Aller.  
Sigston Castle, Aller  
Silphoe, Whit.  
Silton over.  
Silton nether.  
Silton panel, Bird  
Sinde●by, halli.  
Sinington, Pick.  
Scaling, Lan.  
Skargil, Gillingw.  
Skawton, Rydal.  
Skearne, Baynt.  
Skeckling, hold.  
Skeeby, Gillingw.  
Skef●ling, hold.  
Skelder●kew, Lan.  
Skelfleet flu.  
Skelton, howd.  
Skelton, halli.  
Skelton, Bul.  
Skelton, Gillingw.  
Skelton, Lan.  
Skemmingrane, Lan.  
Skensbie, Bul.  
Skiplam, Rydal.  
Skipw●th, Derwent.  
Skipsey, Hold.  
Skipton, Burd.  
Skitingham, Buc.  
Ski●laugh North, Hold.  
Skirley, hold.  
Skirpenbeck, buc.  
Skirsby, huns.  
Skonestone, buc.  
Skorton, Gillingeast.  
Skouter, huns.  
Skedmer, buc.  
S●●r●bie, Rydal.  
Smeaton great, Gill. e.  
Smeaton little, Gill. e.  
Sneaton, Whit.  
Snape, hangeast.  
Sne●enthorpe, Whit.  
Snylesworth, Burd.  
Southburne, Baynt.  
Sowerby, Aller.  
Sowerby, Burd.  
Spaddington, holm.  
Spawnton, Rid.  
Spawnton, Rid.  
Spennithorne, hangw.  
Speton, Dic.  
Spitals, Dic.  
spital upon stranmere, Gill. w.  
Sprotely, hold.  
Sproxton, Rid.  
Spurnehead, hold.  
Stamford bridge, Der.  
Stamforth briggs, Will  
Stainham, Bul.  
Stainston, Buc.  
Stainton dale, Pic.  
Stancke, Aller.  
Stansher, Whit.  
Stanwick, Gillingw.  
Stanyhow, Gillinge.  
Stappleton, Gillinge.  
Stayne●bie, Lan.  
Staynegrave, Rid.  
Staynton, Lan.  
Staynton, hangw.  
Stathes, Lan.  
Staxton, Dick.  
Steasbie, Bu●.  
Steresbie, bul.  
Stillingfleet, Derw.  
Stillington, Bul.  
Stituham, bul.  
Stockton, bul.  
STOKESLEY, Dan.  
Stonedale, hangw.  
Stone Ferry, haul.  
Stratford, Gillingw.  
Stratford, gillingw.  
Strensall, Bul.  
Strothwad, holm.  
Subter, Aller.  
Sudcots, hold.  
Susseild, Whit.  
Sunderlandwick, bayn  
Sutton, hangeast.  
Su●ton, Halli.  
Sutton, hold.  
Sutton, buc.  
Sutton, buc.  
Sutton upon Derwent, Wilt.  
Sutton in the Forest, Bul.  
Sutton under Whitston cli●le, Bur.  
Swanbie, Lan.  
Swainbie, halli.  
Sw●dale forest, hanws  
Swade flu.  
Sw●ton, Pic.  
Swinton, Rydal.  
Swinton, hangeast.  
Swine, hold.    


T  
Tarfeild east, halli.  
T●nfeild west, halli.  
S. teasel, Bul.  
Trees flu.  
Terrington, bul.  
T●hthorpe, Baynt.  
Ti kham, bul.  
Theaxton, halli.  
Thimblebie, Aller.  
Thintoste, Gillinge.  
Thirkleby, Burdf.  
Thirlebie, burdf.  
Thirklebie, burdf.  
Thirlesbie, burdf.  
This●idale, buc.  
Thilthorpe, bul.  
Tho●naby, Lan.  
Thorganby, Derwent.  
Tho●kleby, hold.  
Thormanby, bul.  
Thornalby, hangw.  
Thornburgh, burdf.  
Thornbergh, hange.  
Thornholm, Dic.  
Thorn, hange.  
Thorn, hold.  
Thornegunbold, hold.  
Thornethorpe, buc.  
Thorneton, Lan.  
Thorneton, Pick.  
Thornton, Pick.  
Thornton, Wilton.  
Thornton, bul.  
Thornton, bird.  
Thornton, hangeast.  
Thornton in the leaves, Aller  
Thornton in the more, bird.  
Thornton ru●●, hanws.  
Thornton steward, h●nw.  
Thornton in the street, Aller.  
Thorpe, hold.  
Thorpe, holm.  
Thorpe, howd.  
Thorpe, huns.  
Thorpe, Gillingw.  
Thorpe, Dic.  
Thorpe, hangw.  
Thorpe basset, buc.  
Thorpe row, Aller.  
Thoroby, hangw.  
Thorpp●●om, hange.  
Thaprow, hangeast.  
Throstenby, Pick.  
THRUSK, burdf.  
Thur●bie, hangwest.  
Thwate, Hangwest.  
Thywing, Dick.  
To●●●te●, Lan.  
Tole●bie, Lan.  
Tollerton, bul.  
Topclisse, bird.  
Toppy hill, Lan.  
Toul●ho●pe, buc.  
The Tower, Dic.  
Tranbie, huns.  
Tunstall, hold.  
Tunstell, hangeast.  
Turnton bridge, Hal.    


V  
V●kerby, Gillingeast  
Verby, Lan.  
Vggelbarnby, Whit.  
Vgthorpe, Lan.  
V●●on, Howd.  
Vlston, Burdf.  
Vpsall, bird.  
Vplethun, Lan.  
Vpstane, halli.  
Vpton, hold.    


W  
Wabu●●h●ll, Hangw.  
Waghe●, hold.  
Walwith, hangw.  
Walborne, hangw.  
Waldby, huns.  
Walden, hangw.  
Walgrave, Pick.  
Wolkenton Provost, Huns.  
Walkinton, howd.  
Walton, Baynt.  
Wanlas, hangwest.  
Wanford, Dic.  
Wapley, Lan.  
Waplinton, Wilton.  
Watlobie, Gillinge.  
Warthell, bul.  
Warter, baynt.  
Warton, Wilton.  
Wasland, hold.  
Wath, halli.  
Watlas, hangeast.  
Watles, hangeast.  
Waxham, hold.  
Weaverthorpe, hold.  
Weickliffe, Gillingw.  
Well, hangeast.  
Welborne, Rid.  
Welborne, bulm.  
Welburne, bird.  
Welham, buc.  
Welton, Howd.  
Welton, hold.  
Welton, huns.  
Welwicke, hold.  
Wensedale, hangwest.  
Wenslay, hangw.  
Westerdale, Lan.  
We●●ow, buc.  
Westwarige, buc.  
Wherleton Castle, Lan.  
Wharram in the street, Buc.  
Whayston, Gillingw.  
Wheldrake, Derw.  
Whenby, bul.  
Whiteside, hangw.  
WHIT●Y, Whit.  
Whitwel, Gillingeast.  
Whitwel, bul.  
Whereleton, Lan.  
Wickham, Rid.  
Wickham, Pick.  
Wickham Abbey, pic.  
Wigginthorpe, bul.  
Wigginton, bul.  
WIGHTON, Holm  
Wilbefosse, Wilton.  
Willerby, Dick.  
Willerby, huns.  
Willitost, holm.  
Willowbe●ke flu.  
Wilsted, hold.  
Wilsted hall, hold.  
Wilsthorpe, dic.  
Wilton, Pick.  
Wilton, Lan.  
Wilton Castle, Lan.  
Wilton Bishops, W●l.  
Wintering, hangw.  
Winton, Aller.  
Wintringham, buc.  
Witton east, hangw.  
Witton west, hangw.  
Wiske flu.  
Woldnewton, Dic.  
Woodal, hangw.  
Woodhal, Derw.  
Woodhal park, hanws  
Womental, Rydal.  
Wansforth, baynt.  
Wasall, Aller.  
Wasall, Lan.  
Wrelton, Pic.  
Wressall, holm.  
Wulferton, huns.  
Wynestead, hold.  
Wythernwick, hold.  
Wythernsey, hold.  
Wyton, hold.    


Y  
Yafford, Gillingw.  
Yapham, Wilton.  
YARUM, Lan.  
Ye●eley, Pic.  
Yeareslay, bird.  
Yeastorpe, Rydal.  
Yeddingham, buc.  
Yeneiudale, Wilton.  
Yonckslee●e, howd.  
YORK, bul.  
York's wade, Wilton  
Youlthorph, Wilt.  
Your flu.  
Yowton, bul.  
Yrton, Pick.       

The Bishopric of DURHAM.  
THe Bishopric of Durham containeth those parts and Town ships that lie betwixt the River Tees and Derwent, 
The bounds of this Province.  and all along the Germane-Seas. It is neighboured on the North with Northumberland, and their Jurisdictions, parted by the River Derwent: her West is touched by Cumberland, Westmoreland, and from Staine-more divided by the River Tees, and by the same water on her South, from Yorkshire even unto the Sea; and the East is altogether coasted by the Germane-Seas.  

The Form.  (2) The form thereof is triangle, and sides not much differing; for from her Southeast, unto the West-point, 
The Dimensitude.  are about thirty miles; from thence to her North-East and Tyne-mouth, are likewise as many, and her base along the Sea shore are twenty three; the whole in circumference, about one hundred and three miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is sharp and very piercing, and would be more, were it not that the vapours from the German-Seas did help much to dissolve her ice and snow: and the store of Coals therein growing and gotten, do warm the body, and keep back the cold, which fuel, besides their own use, doth yield great commodities unto this Province, by trade thereof into other parts.  

The Soil.  (4) For soil, it consisteth much alike of pastures, arable, and barren grounds: the East is the richest and most champion, the South more moorish, but well inhabited; her West all rocky, without either grass or grain, notwithstanding recompenseth her possessors with as great gain, both in rearing up cattle, and bringing forth coal, 
Coale-pits.  whereof all this Country is plentifully stored, and groweth so near to the upper face of the earth, that in the trod ways the cartwheels do turn up the same. Some hold their substance to be a clammy kind of clay hardened with heat abounding in the earth, 
Cambden.  and so becoming concocted, is nothing else but Bitumen; for proof whereof, these Coals have both the like smell and operation of Bitumen: for being sprinkled with water, they burn more vehemently, but with Oil are quite extinguished and put out.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants known unto Ptolemie, were the brigants, of whom we have spoken in the General of Yorkshire, they being subdued by the Romans, after whom the Saxons made it a part of their Northumberlands Kingdom; at first a Province belonging to the Deirians, and enjoyed by Ella their first King; afterwards invaded by the Danes, and lastly possessed by the Normans: whose site being so near unto Scotland, hath many times felt their fury, and hath been as buckler betwixt them and the English; for which cause, 
The privilege of this people.  the Inhabitants have certain freedoms, and are not charged with service as other Counties are, so that this with Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Northumberland, are not divided into Hundreds in those Parliament Rolls whence I had the rest: which want I must leave for others to supply.  
(6) Over this County, the Bishops thereof have had the Royalties of Princes, and the Inhabitants have pleaded privilege not to pass in service of war over the River of Tees or Tyne; whose charge (as they have alleged) was to keep and defend the corpse of S. Cuthbert their great adored Saint, 
S. Cuthbert.  and therefore they termed themselves, The holy-worke-folkes. And the repute of this Cuthbert and his supposed defence against the Scots was such, that our English Kings in great devotion have gone in pilgrimage to visit his Tomb, and have given many large possessions to his Church: 
The devotion of divers kings to S. Cuthbert.  such were King Egfrid Aelfred, and Guthrun the Danc, Edward, and Athelstan Monarch of England, and zealous Canute, the greatest of all who came thither bare footed and at Cuthberts' Tomb both augmented and confirmed their Liberties. This Saint then, of nothing made Durham become great, and William the Conqueror, of a Bishopric made it a County Palatine: at that time William Careleph, Bishop of the Diocese, pulled down the old Church which Aldwin had built, and with sumptuous cost laid the foundations of a new, wherein S. Cuthberts' Shrine in the vacancy of the Bishops, was the keeper of the Castle-keyes.  
In the West of this Church, and place called Gallile, the Marble Tomb of venerable Beda remaineth, 
Beda his tomb.  who was borne at jarro in this County, and became a Monk at Weremouth, whose painful industries and light of learning in those times of darkness are wonderful, as the Volumes which he wrote do well declare. And had the idle Monks of England employed their times after his example, their founder's expectations had not been frustrate, 
The Monk's idleness the cause of their overthrow.  nor those foundations so easily overturned. But the revenge of sin ever following the actions of sins, dissolved first the largenesses of this Counties liberties, under the reign of King Edward the first, and since hath shaken to pieces those places herein erected, under the reign of King Henry the eight: such were Durham, Sherborne, Stayndrop, jarro, Weremouth, and Egleton, all which felt the reward of their idleness, and wrath of him that is jealous of his own honour.  
(7) Things of rare note observed in this Shire, are three Pits of a wonderful depth, commonly called the Hell-Kettles, 
Hell-kettles.  which are adjoining near unto Darlington, whose waters are somewhat warm. These are thought to come of an Earthquake, which happened in the year of grace 1179. whereof the Chronicle of Tynmouth maketh mention, whose record is this: On Christmas day, at Oxenhall in the Territory of Darlington, within the Bishopric of Durham, the ground heaved up aloft, like unto a high Tower, & so continued all that day, as it were unmoveable, until the evening; and then fell with so horrible a no●se, that it made all the neighbour dwellers sure afraid: and the earth swallowed it up, and made in the same place a deep pit, which is there to be seen for a testimony unto this day.  
(8) Of no less admiration are certain stones lying within the River Were, at Butterbee near Durham; from whose sides at the Ebb and low water in the Summer, issueth a certain salt reddish water, which with the Sun waxeth white, and growing into a thick substance, 
A salt proceeding of stones.  becometh a necessary salt to the use of the by-dwellers.  
(9) And places of elder times had in account by the Romans, were Benovium, now Binchester, 
Binchester.  and Condercum, 
Condercum.  Chester in the street, where their moneys have been digged up, and at Condercum so much, that Egelrik Bishop of Durham was therewith made exceedingly rich. 
Castles.   
This Country hath been strengthened with seven strong Castles, 
Hilton. Bransp●th. Ranye▪ Durham. Luml●y. Wa●ton. Ba●nard.  is yet traded with six Market Towns, and Gods divine honour in one hundred and eighteen Parish-Churches celebrated, whose names in the Table are further inserted.   map of Durham 
●●E BISHOPRIC AND CITY OF DU●●AM  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in the Bishopric of Durham.  

A TABLE of all the Towns in the Bishopric of Durham.  


A  
Acle.  
Scole Acle.  
Aldomedg.  
Ashe.  
West Aukland.  
BISHOPS AUKLAND.  
S. Andrew's Aukland.    


B  
Balam.  
Barnetton.  
BARNARD CASTLE.  
Batterby.  
Beamond hill.  
Bedborne park.  
Bedik.  
Bedik west.  
Bear yark.  
Bellosyse.  
Benselside.  
Biarsgreene.  
Biarsgarthe.  
Biarside.  
Bichborne.  
Billingham.  
Binchester.  
Birtley.  
Bishops.  
Bishopton.  
Blackhall.  
Blakhall.  
Blackston.  
Blackwell.  
Blaydon.  
Bollyop.  
Bowdens.  
Bradbury.  
Bradley hall.  
Brad wood.  
Brafferton.  
Brandon East.  
Brandon West.  
Branspeth castle.  
Brantoste.  
Brearton.  
Brome.  
Buley grange.  
Thorp Bulmer.  
Burdon great.  
Burdon little.  
Burdon old.  
Burdop flu.  
Burnhall.  
Butterwick.    


C  
Cassop.  
Chapwell.  
Chester.  
Chilton great.  
Chilton little.  
Claxton.  
Cletlam.  
Cleydon.  
Cockerton.  
Cockfeild.  
Cokon.  
Coksey.  
Coteham.  
Cotham.  
Cowpigh hell.  
Cowpon.  
Cowside hall.  
Crawcrake.  
Croke-hall.  
Cromforthe.  
Croxdale.  
Cundon.  
Nether Cunsley.  
Over Cunsley.    


D  
Dawdon.  
DARLINGTON.  
Darwencote:  
Dauton.  
Denton.  
Derwen flu.  
Dowton.  
Nether Dunsley.  
DURHAM.  
Durpit chapel.    


E  
East yate.  
Ebchester.  
Castle Eden.  
Eden little.  
Edder-akers.  
Edmondbyers.  
Eggecliffe.  
Eggleton.  
Eldon. S. elins.  
Elmedon.  
Elstok.  
Elton.  
Elwick.  
Enewood West.  
Eppleton.  
Escombe.  
Esington.  
Eslabye.    


F  
Farnton hall.  
Fellin.  
Ferry on the mount.  
Finkeley.  
Fishborne.  
Flask.  
Follonsby.  
Ford.  
Foulforth.  
Foulthorp.  
Foxton.  
Frosterley.  
Fulwell.    


G  
Garmansway.  
Gatesend.  
Gaunlesse flu.  
Gaynford.  
Gibside. The Grange.  
Grayston.  
Green croft.  
Gretham.  
Grindon.    


H  
Halam.  
Hamsterley.  
Harburhowse.  
Hardon.  
Hardwicke.  
Hardwicke.  
Harintons.  
Harpley hill.  
Harroton.  
Hartborne west.  
Harte.  
HARTLEPOOLE  
Harton.  
Haswell little.  
Haswell great.  
Haughton.  
Haughton.  
Hawthorp.  
Hebborne.  
Hedlam.  
Hedley.  
Hedworth.  
Heighington.  
Hesselton hall.  
Monk Hesselton.  
Cold Hesselton.  
Hett.  
Hetton in the hole.  
Hetton on the Mount.  
Heughewell.  
Nether Heworthe.  
Over Heworthe.  
Hilton.  
Hilton Castle.  
Hollinside.  
Holinside.  
Holme.  
Houghton.  
Hude flu.  
Hunsterworth.  
Hunwicke.  
Hurnworth.  
Hurworth.  
Huton.    


I  
jarrow.  
Ingleton.  
S. john's Chapel.  
Iseton.  
The Isle.    


K  
Kellow.  
Kellop flu.  
Kepeyre.  
Ketton.  
Kibbleworth.  
Killarby.  
Kinchley.    


L  
Lamton.  
Lanchester.  
Landew.  
Langdon flu.  
Langley.  
Langley.  
Langley.  
Langton.  
Layton.  
Littleburne.  
Ludworth.  
Lumley Castle.  
Lumsley.    


M  
The Manor.  
Mansforth.  
Marwood park.  
Marwood hag.  
Mayland.  
Medumsley.  
Kirk Merington.  
Middleton.  
Middleton.  
Middleton Ero.  
Middleton George.  
Midlam.  
Milkborn flu.  
Mordon.  
Morehouse.  
Moresley.  
Mortons'.  
Morton.  
Morton.  
Morton.  
Mugliswicke.  
Munkwermouth.  
Mylhouses.    


N  
Nesbed.  
Nettleworth.  
Newbigin.  
Newbigin.  
Newbigin.  
New-bottle.  
Newfeild.  
Newsham.  
Newtowne.  
Newton.  
Newton.  
Newton.  
Newton little.  
Newton long.  
Newton hanset.  
Norton.  
Nunstanton.  
Nysam.    


O  
Oldakers.  
Old Durham.  
Owston.  
Owton.    


P  
West Parke.  
East Park.  
Pedumsak.  
Peloo.  
Pelton.  
Pencher.  
Persbridge.  
Piddington town.  
Kirk Piddington.  
The Cole Pits.  
Plausworth. The old Pork.  
Preston.  
Preston.  
Premrose side.    


Q  
Quarinton.    


R  
Raby Castle.  
Ramside.  
Ravensworth.  
Ravensworth Castle.  
Rayntons'.  
The Raw.  
Redhugh.  
Redmarsham.  
Redworth.  
Relley.  
Riop.  
Rowley.  
Ryton.    


S  
Satley chapel.  
Seaton.  
Seaton.  
Sedgefeild.  
Segerston haught.  
Seham.  
Selabye.  
Shadford.  
Sheales.  
Shepley.  
Sherborne.  
Sherborne house.  
Sheroton.  
Shildraw.  
Shildon.  
Shillington.  
Shinkley.  
Shotton.  
Shotton.  
Shotton.  
Silkesworth.  
Skern flu.  
Skirmingham.  
Slingley.  
Snotterton.  
Sockborne.  
Sodburye.  
Somerhouse.  
Spen.  
Standley.  
Stanhope.  
Stanhope park.  
Little Staynton,  
Great Staynton.  
STAYNDROP.  
Stirtwith.  
Stokley.  
Stokton.  
Stotfeld.  
Stranton.  
Stretlam.  
Sudick.  
Sunderland.  
Sunderland.  
Swalwoll.    


T  
Tanfeild.  
Teesdale.  
Thickley East.  
Thickley West.  
Thorp.  
Thornton.  
Thornley.  
Thornerlet.  
Throstous.  
Thruslington.  
Trimden.  
Tuddaye.  
Tunstall.  
Tursdale.    


V  
Vfferton.  
Vnthank.  
Vnthank.  
Vrpethe.  
Vsshaw.  
Vsworth great.  
Vsworth little.    


W  
Wackerfeild.  
Waldridge.  
Wardley.  
Washinton.  
Wascrop Burne.  
Wellop fla.  
Werdenlaw hill.  
Were flu.  
Weredall.  
Weremouth.  
Westgate.  
Wessoo.  
Westerton.  
Westwick.  
Wharleton.  
Wheatley hill.  
Whikham.  
Whitborne lezard.  
Whitchurch.  
Whithone.  
Whitton.  
Whitwell.  
Whitwell.  
Willington.  
Willynton.  
Windgate.  
Windleston.  
Windridge.  
Winston.  
Witton.  
Witton Castle.  
Woodcroft hall.  
Wulley.  
Wulsingham.  
Wulston.  
Wynyerd.  
Wytton.       

CHAPTER XLIII.  
WESTMORELAND, by some late Latin Writers is called Westmaria, 
The bounds of Westmoreland.  and Westmorlandia, by some later Westmoria, and in our English Tongue Westmoreland. It came to be thus named in our Language by the situation, which in every part is so plenteously full of Moors and high hills, reaching one to another, that Westmoreland (with us) is nothing else but a Western Moorish Country. Having on the West and North-side Cumberland, on the South-part Lanca-sbire, on the East-side Yorkshire, and the Bishopric of Durham.  
(2) The length thereof extended from Burton in her South, 
The Length.  to Kirkland on her North-part is thirty miles: 
The Breadth.  the broadest part from East to West, is from the River Eden to Dunbalrase-stones, containing 24. miles, the whole circumference about hundred and twelve miles.  
(3) The form thereof is somewhat long and narrow: 
The Form.  the Air sharp and piercing, purging itself from the trouble of gross foggy mists and vapours, by reason of which the people of this Province are not acquainted with strange diseases or imperfections of body, but live long, and are healthful, and attain to the number of many years.  
(4) The Soil for the most part of it, 
The Soil.  is but barren, and can hardly be brought to any fruitfulness by the industry and painful labour of the husbandman, being so full of infertile places, which the Northern Englishmen call Moores: yet the more Southerly part is not reported to be so sterile, but more fruitful in the valleys, though contained in a narrow room, between the River Lone, and Winander-mear, and it is all termed by one name. The Barony of Kendale or Candale, that is, the dale by Can, taking the name of the River Can that runs through it.  
(5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the brigants, 
Inhabitants.  mentioned in the several Counties of York, Lancaster, and Cumberland.  
(6) It is not commended either for plenty of corn or Cattle, 
Commodities.  being neither stored with arable grounds to bring forth the one, norpasturage to breed up the other: the principal profit that the people of this Province raise unto themselves, is by Clothing.  
(7) The chiefest place of which is Kandale or Kendale, 
Kendale the chief Town.  called also Kirkeby Kendale, standing on the bank of the river Can. This Town is of great trade and resort, and for the diligent and industrious practice of making Cloth so excels the rest, that in regard thereof it carrieth a supereminent name above them, and hath great vent and traffic for her woollen clothes through all the parts of England. It challengeth not much glory for Antiquity; only this it accounteth a great credit, that it hath dignified three Earls with the title thereof, 
Earls of Kendale.  as john Duke of Bedford, whom Henry the fifth (being his brother) advanced to that honour, john Duke of Somerset, and john de Foix, whom King Henry the sixth preferred to that dignity for his honourable and trusty services done in the French Wars. 
The Magistracy of Kendale.  It is a place of very civil and orderly Government, the which is managed by an Alderman, chosen every year out of his twelve Brethren, who are all distinguished and notified from the rest by the wearing of Purple garments. The Alderman and his Signior Brother are always Justices of Peace and Quorum. There are in it a Town-Clerke, a Recorder two Sergeants at Mace, 
Graduation of it.  and two Chamberlains. By Mathematical observation the site of this Town is in the degree of Longitude 17.30. scruples, from the first West point, and the Pole elevated in Latitude to the degree 55. and 15. minutes.  
(8) Places of memorable note for Antiquity are Verterae, 
Places of chief 〈◊〉 verterae.  mentioned by Antonine the Emperor; and Aballaba, which we contractly call Apelby. In the one the Northern English conspired against William the Conqueror in the beginning of the Norman government. 
Apelby.  In the other, the Aurelian Maures kept a station in the time of the Romans, & their high street is yet apparently to be seen by the ridges thereof which lead by Apelby to a place called Brovonacum, mentioned in the Book of Provincial notices. 
Roman Coins here sound.  The antic pieces of Roman Coin otherwhiles digged up hereabouts, and some inscriptions not long since found, show of what continuance they have been: although Time, which devoureth all things, hath so fed upon their carcases many ages together, as it hath almost consumed both houses and Inhabitants. For Apelby now is bare both of people and building, and were it not for the antiquity that makes it the more estimable, 
Sessions at Apelby Castle.  in whose Castle the Assizes are commonly kept, it would be little better in account then a Village. Verterae is long since decayed, and the name of it changed into Burgh: for it is commonly named Burgh under Stanemore. In which, it is said, a Roman Captain made his abode with a band of Directores, 
A Roman Station at 〈◊〉  in the declining age of the Roman Empire. These two places William of Newborough calleth Princely Holds, and writeth that William King of Scots a little before he himself was taken prisoner at Alnewicke, surprised them on a sudden, 
King john.  but K. john recovered them after, and liberally bestowed them upon Robert Vipont for his many worthy services.  
(9) There is mention made but of one religious house that hath been in all this Country, 
One House of Religion.  and that was a little Monastery seated near unto the River Laden built by Thomas the son of Gospatrick, the son of Orms: where there is a fountain or spring that ebbs and flows many times a day, and it is thought that some notable act of achievement hath been performed there, for that there be huge stones in form of Pyramids, 
Notes of Anquitie  some nine foot high, and fourteen foot thick, ranged for a mile in length directly in a row, and equally distant, which might seem to have been there purposely pitched in memory thereof: but what that Act was, is not now known, but quite worn out of remembrance by times injury.  
(10) Other matters worthy observation are only these: 
Amble side  that at Amboglana, now called Amble-side, near the upper corner of Wimander-mear, there appears at this day the ruins of an ancient City, which by the British Bricks, by Roman-money oftentimes found there, by Highways paved leading unto it, and other likelihoods, seems to have been a work of the Romans: The Fortress thereof so long fenced with a ditch and rampire, that it took up in length one hundred thirty two els, and in breadth eight. There are also near Kendale in the River Can, two Catadupae or Waterfalls, where the waters descend with such a forcible downfall, 
The River Ca●.  that it compels a mighty noise to be heard, which the neighbour Inhabitants make such use of, as they stand them in as good stead as Prognostications: 
The Commodities of it.  for when that which standeth North from them soundeth more clear, and with a louder echo in their ears, they certainly look for fair weather to follow: But when that on the South doth the like, they expect foggy mists and showers of rain.  
(11) This Province is traded with four Market-Towns, 
Market towns.  fortified with the strength of seven Castles, and hath 26. Parishes in it for the celebration of Divine service.   map of the county of Westmorland 
THE COUNTY WESTMORELAND AND KENDALE THE CHIEF TOWN DESCRIBED With the Arms of Such Nobles as have been Earls of either of them.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Westmoreland.  


A  
AMbleside.  
APPLEBY.  
Great Ashby.  
Little Ashby.  
Askham.    


B  
Banton.  
Barborne Chapel.  
Barnside.  
Barrow Flu.  
Barton.  
The Beacon.  
Below Flu.  
Betham.  
Blaterne.  
Bolton.  
Branton.  
Brederdale head.  
Brederdale foot.  
Brigsterparke.  
Brougham Castle.  
Buley Castle.  
Burberk Flu.  
Burgh Castle.  
Buriels.  
Burton.  
Burton.    


C  
Caber.  
Camswick Park.  
Chappollan.  
Claperyate.  
Cleborn.  
Cliston.  
Colnhead Park.  
Cottes flat.  
Coulby.  
Cowgarth.  
Crakenthorp.  
Croke.  
Crosby-Garret.  
Crosby-Ravensworth  
Croscrake.  
Crostermond.  
Crosthwaite.    


D  
Depedale.  
Dribek.  
Drivevers.  
Duston.    


E  
Eden Flu.    


F  
Farleton.  
Farleton.  
Fawsetwood.  
Firbanke.    


G  
Gilse.  
Glenkroden.  
Glenkwen Flu.  
Grarigge hall.  
Gresmere.    


H  
Harberwen.  
Hartshop hall.  
Hartley Castle.  
Hawse.  
Helbeck.  
Helstonlathe.  
Helton.  
Helton.  
Heltondale.  
Helvillon hill.  
Hoffe.  
Holimill Crosse.  
howgil Castle.    


I  
The Inges.    


K  
Saint Katharins'.  
Kellathe.  
KENDAL.  
Kendal Castle.  
Kentmere.  
Killington.  
KIRKBY Steven.  
KIRKBY Landall.  
Kirkby Thuet.  
Kirkland.  
Knock.  
Knothill.    


L  
Little Langdale.  
Great Langdale.  
Langdale.  
Langrig.  
Lanridge.  
Lanton.  
Levens Bridge.  
Lowther.  
Lune Flu.    


M  
Mallerstange.  
Mallerstange Forrest.  
Malmesborne.  
Markendale Chapel.  
Marton.  
Meborne.  
Methap.  
Middleton.  
Milborne.  
Milkinthorp.  
Morlan.  
Morton.  
Morton.  
Great Musgrave.  
Little Musgrave.  
Mylnthorp.    


N  
Naneworth.  
Nathy.  
Newbiggin.  
Newbiggin.  
Nine Churches.    


O  
Oddelden.  
Oddelden Park.  
Little Ormeside.  
Great Ormeside.  
Orton.    


P  
Paterdale.  
Pendragon Castle.  
Preston Chapel.    


R  
Raisgill hall.  
Rasebeck.  
Rasgill.  
Ravinstangdale.  
Regill.  
Runthwate.    


S  
Seggeswick.  
Selfted hall.  
Shales.  
Shapp.  
Siserghe.  
Sleddale.  
Slegill.  
Sleelmere.  
Smardale.  
Soulby.  
Sowerby.  
Sput Flu.  
Striklands.  
Stainmore.  
Stanley.  
Stokbridge.  
Sunbiggin.    


T  
Templesowerby.  
Thornthwate.  
Thurnby.  
Trout Bek.  
Trout Bek.  
Tybay.    


V  
Vnderbarrow.    


W  
Warcop.  
Wastall head.  
Wastall foot.  
Watland.  
Warton hall.  
Whinfield.  
Whinfield hill.  
Whinfield Forrest.  
Wickerslack.  
Winderworth.  
Winton.  
Witherslak.  
Wynster Flu.  
Wynster Chapel.  
Wynander-mere.      

CUMBERLAND. CHAPTER XLIIII.  
CUMBERLAND, the farthest Northwest Province in this Realm of ENGLAND, 
Cumberlands bounds.  confronteth upon the South of Scotland, and is divided from that Kingdom partly by the River Kirsop, then crossing Eske, by a Tract thorough Solome-Mosse, until it come to the Solwaye Frith, by Ptolemie called the Itune Bay. The Northwest part is neighboured by Northumberland, more Eastward with Westmoreland, the South with Lancashire, and the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea.  

The form.  (2) The form whereof is long and narrow, pointing wedgelike into the South, which part is altogether pestered with copped hills, and therefore hath the name of Cop-land. The middle is more level, and better inhabited, yielding sufficient for the sustenance of man: but the North is wild and solitary, cumbered with hills, as Cop-land is.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is piercing, and of a sharp temperature, and would be more biting, were it not that those high hills break off the Northern storms, and cold falling snows.  

The Commodities.  (4) Notwithstanding, rich is this Province, and with great varieties thereof is replenished: the hills, though rough, yet smile upon their beholders, spread with sheep and cattle, the valleys stored with grass and corn sufficient: the sea affordeth great store of fish, the land overspread with variety of fowls, and the rivers feed a kind of Muscle that bringeth forth Pearl, where in the mouth of the Irt, as they lie gaping and sucking in dew, the Country people gather and sell to the Lapidaries, to their own little, and the buyers great gain. But the Mines Royal of Copper, whereof this Country yieldeth much, is for use the richest of all: the place is at Keswick and Newland, where likewise the Black Lead is gotten, whose plenty maketh it of no great esteem; otherwise a commodity that could hardly be miss.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans, were the brigants, whom Ptolemie disperseth into Westmoreland, Richmond, Durham, Yorkshire, and Lancashire. But when the Saxons had over-borne the Britain's, and forced them out of the best, to seek their resting amongst the vast Mountains, these by them were entered into, where they held play with those enemies maugre their force, and from them, as Marianus doth witness, 
Marian Scotus.  the Land was called Cumber, of those Kumri the Britain's. But when the State of the Saxons was sore shaken by the Danes, this Cumberland was accounted a Kingdom itself; for so the flower-gatherer of Westminster recordeth: King Edmund (saith he) with the help of Leoline Prince of South-Wales, 
King Edmund.  wasted all Cumberland, and having put out the eyes of the two sons of Dunmail King of that Province, granted that Kingdom unto Malcolm King of Scots, whereof their eldest sons became Prefects. This Province, 
King Stephen's gift to the Scots.  King Stephen, to purchase favour with the Scots, what time he stood in most need of aid, confirmed by gift under their Crown; which Henry the Second notwithstanding made claim unto and got, 
Henry the Second.  as Newbrigensis writeth, and laid it again in the Marches of England: since when, many bicker betwixt these Nations herein have happened, but none so sore against the Scotish side as was that at Sollome-Mosse, where their Nobility disdaining their General Oliver Sinclere, 
Oliver S. Clere. james the sixth, King of Scotland.  gave over the Battle, and yielded themselves to the English; which dishonour pierced so deeply into the heart of King james the fifth, that for grief thereof he shortly after died.  
(6) Many memorable Antiquities remain and have been found in this County: for it being the Confines of the Romans Possessions, was continually secured by their Garrisons, where remain at this day parts of that admirable wall built by Severus: also an other Fortification from Werkinton to Elns' Mouth, upon the Seashore toward Ireland, by Stilico raised when under Theodosius he suppressed the rage of the Picts and Irish, and freed the Seas of the Saxons Pirates. Upon Hardknot hill, Moresby, Old Carlisle, Papcastle along the Wall, and in many other places, their ruins remain, with Altars, and Inscriptions of their Captains and Colonies, whereof many have been found, and more as yet lie hid.  
(7) The chiefest City in this Shire is Carlisle, 
Carlisle the chief City.  pleasantly seated betwixt the Rivers Eden, Petterell, and Caud, by the Romans called Luguzallum; by Beda, Luell; by Ptolemie, Leucopibia; by Ninius, Caer-Lualid; and by us Carlisle. This City flourishing under the Romans, at their departure, by the furious outrages of the Scots and Picts was dejected, yet in the days of Egfrid King of Northumberland was walled about: but again defaced by the overrunning Danes, lay buried in her own ashes the space of two hundred years: upon whose ruins at length Rufus set his compassionate eye, and built there the Castle, planting a Colony of Flemings to secure the Coasts from the Scots, but upon better advisement removed them into Wales. After him, Henry his brother and successor ordained this City for an Episcopal See: whose site is placed in the degree of Longitude from the first West part 17. and 2. scruples, and the Pole thence elevated from the degree of Latitude 55. and 56. scruples.  
(8) West from hence, at Burgh upon the sand, 
Edward the First.  was the fatal end of our famous Monarch King Edward the First, who there leaving his Wars unfinished against Scotland, left his troubles, and soon miss life, to his untimely and soon lamented death.  
(9) And at Salkelds upon the River Eden, 


Castles.  
1. B●w.  
2. Askirton.  
3 Scal●y  
4. Nowath.  
5. Castlesteed.  
6. Castle-carock.  
7 Corhy.  
8 Lyndstok.  
9 Rawcliffe.  
10 Drumbugh.  
11. A●●allwat.  
12. The Roseca.  
13 High●ate.  
14 Wulsly.  
15. Clad●k.  
16. Haton.  
17 Grastok.  
18. Pemeth.  
19 Daker.  
20. Pape Cast  
21. Cokermouth.  
22. Werkinton.  
23 Hay.  
24 Egremand.  
25. Millum.    a Monument of seventy seven stones, each of them ten foot high above ground, and one of them at the entrance fifteen, as a Trophy of Victory was erected. These are by the By-dwellers called Long Meg and her Daughters.  
(10) This County, as it stood in the fronts of assaults, so was it strengthened with 25. Castles, and preserved with the prayers (as then was thought) of the Votaries in the houses erected at Carlisle, Lenecoft, Wetherall, Holme, Daker, and Saint Bees. These with others were dissolved by King Henry the eight, and their revenues shadowed under his Crown: but the Province being freed from charge of subsidy, is not therefore divided into Hundreds in the Parliament Rowles, whence we have taken the divisions of the rest: only this is observed, that therein are seated nine Market-towns, fifty eight Parish-Churches, besides many other Chapels of ease.   map of Cumberland 
CUMBERLAND AND THE ANCIENT CITY CARLISLE DESCRIBED WITH MANY MEMORABLE AN TIQVITIES THEREIN FOUND OBSERVED  

A TABLE of all the Towns in Cumberland.  


A  
Acton.  
Aglionby.  
Aldby.  
Alhollowes.  
Alne Flu.  
Alme.  
Allonby.  
Alonby.  
Alwarby.  
Ancautre.  
Kirk Ander.  
Anstable.  
Arladon.  
Armanthwat castle.  
Armanthwat.  
Armebath.  
Artruth.  
Askerton castle.  
Aspatre.  
Austermore.    


B  
Kirk Banton.  
Little Banton.  
Bardsey hall.  
Barrenwood Park.  
Basmthavate.  
Beaumont.  
S. Bees head.  
S. Bees.  
Bekermond.  
Bew-castle.  
Birtby.  
Black-band.  
Black-hall.  
Blek-hall.  
Blencongey.  
Blenge Flu.  
Blenkerne.  
Blynroser.  
Blenrake.  
Bodell.  
Bolton.  
Borrodale.  
Boulnesse.  
Bowtell.  
Brakenthwar.  
Braken hill.  
BRAMPTON.  
Brathwate.  
Brathwate.  
S. Brides.  
Bridgeham.  
Bridekirk.  
Brisco.  
Brodwater.  
Bronelston.  
Brounrig.  
Brumfeild.  
Bucknes.  
Burds would.  
Burgh kirk.  
Burnes.  
Bustwath hill.    


C  
Cambek Flu.  
Kirk Cambok.  
Cammerton.  
Cander.  
Canda Flu.  
Cannonby.  
Cardew.  
Cardronok.  
Carlton.  
Carleton.  
Carleton.  
CARLISLE.  
Castle Caroke.  
Castlesteed.  
Caswald how.  
Catterley.  
Cauthwate.  
Chapel of the grune.  
Church.  
Cladbek.  
Clifton.  
Coker Flu.  
Corryhouse.  
COKERMOUTH.  
Comb whitton.  
Copeland.  
Copeland forest.  
Corby Castle.  
Corno.  
Coat hill.  
Cristenbury crag.  
Crokedale.  
Croglin Church.  
Little Croglin.  
Crosby.  
Crosby.  
Crosthate.  
Croston.  
Cumcatith.  
Culgaith.  
Cumrew.    


D  
Dacor Flu.  
Dacor castle.  
Dalemane.  
Dalegarth.  
Darwent fells.  
Darwen Flu.  
Darwent Flu.  
Darwen Island.  
Dauston.  
Dauston hall.  
Denok Flu.  
Dent hill.  
Denton hall.  
Over Denton.  
Nether Denton.  
Dereham.  
Derwentfote Haven.  
Devonby.  
Deyn.  
Distinton.  
Douthwait. 

P. Drigg.    
Drumbugh castle.  
Dubmill.  
Dudden Flu.  
Dunbalrasse stones.    


E  
Eden Flu.  
Eden Flu.  
Ednell.  
Eglesfeild.  
EGREMOND.  
Eimont Flu.  
Elne Flu.  
Elneboro.  
Emleton.  
Emsaugh.  
Enerdale.  
Esgill.  
Esk Flu.  
Eskdale.    


F  
Fedington.  
Fingland.  
Flimby.  
Forlam.  
Fornside.    


G  
Gamlesby.  
Gamleby.  
Gargill.  
The Gele crag.  
Gelt Flu.  
Gilcrosse.  
Gilsland.  
Glasenby.  
Glasen.  
Gofforth.  
The Grange.  
Grastocke Castle.  
Grinsdale.  
Grisedale.    


H  
Hale.  
Harbybrow.  
Kard-knot.  
Hareridge Hall.  
Harinton.  
Harington.  
Harper hill.  
Hathewate.  
Haton Castle.  
Haton.  
Haughton.  
Hay castle.  
Helbeck crag.  
Hestedach.  
Heskew.  
Hesket.  
Highgate.  
Highyate castle.  
Holme.  
The Horse Head.  
The Houses.  
Huddles kew.  
Huthwate.  
Huton.  
Huton john.    


I  
JERBY.  
Inglewood forest.  
S. john's.  
S. john's.  
johnby.  
Irthing Flu.  
Irton.  
jet Flu.  
Isle.  
Itenfeild.  
Itunebay.    


K  
KESWICK.  
Kirbek Flu.  
Kirkanders.  
Kirkby.  
The Kirksop foot.    


L  
The Laith.  
The Lamiford.  
Lamonby.  
Lampley.  
Langanby.  
Langnewton.  
Lasen.  
Lasenby.  
Laths.  
S. Laurence.  
Legburgh wait.  
Lenecroft.  
White Leven.  
Kirk Leventon.  
Lenton Flu.  
Black Leven Flu.  
The Lies.  
Limers dale.  
Lorton.  
Lowbyer.  
Lowswater.  
Lynstoke Castle.  
West Lynton.    


M  
The Masthorn.  
Materdale.  
Old Mawborow.  
Medowhushwood.  
Melmerby.  
Mewtoo beacon.  
S. Michael's chapel.  
Millum Castle.  
Millum Castle.  
Millum.  
Milne hill.  
Momaster.  
Moresby.  
Mosedale. 

The Mote.    
Motherby.  
The Ours Royal. 

The Ours.    
Myterdale.    


N  
Naworth castle.  
Netherby.  
Newbiggen.  
Newbiggin.  
Newby.  
Newland chapel.  
New-lathes.  
New-more.  
Newton in Ardale.  
Nunny.    


O  
Orton.  
Overhall.  
Ousby.  
Outerbye.  
Owterside.  
Owton.    


P  
Pap-castle.  
PENRETH.  
Penrodok.  
Petterell.  
Petterell wrey.  
Plumland.  
Pole.  
Portinskal.  
Pottrose Flu.  
Punsonby.    


R  
Raby-Cotes.  
Rauderside hall.  
RAVENGLAS.  
Raughton head chapel.  
Rawthate.  
Redmane.  
Reunok.  
Ribton.  
The Rose castle.  
Rotherby.  
Rowcliffe castle.  
Rowcliffe.    


S  
Saberham.  
Salkeldes.  
Sawbarron.  
Scalbye.  
Scalby Castle.  
Scascall.  
Seaton.  
Seaton.  
Sellofeld.  
Setmurther.  
Silluth.  
Silverside.  
Skelton.  
Skiddow hill.  
Skinburnesse.  
Skirwith.  
Skutterby.  
Stafle.  
Stainton.  
Stangartiksed.  
Stanwix.  
Stannborn.  
Stapleton.  
Sollome Moss.  
Sowerby.  
Sowporte.  
Sowterfeild.  
Spade Adam.  
Shire stones upon Wrenosse.  
Sunderland.    


T  
Tallantre.  
Tarraby.  
Taukin.  
Thakthwate.  
Thornthwate.  
Threlcot.  
Thurbury Flu.  
Thuresbye.  
Thwate.  
South Tyne. Flu.  
Tomwat hill.  
Torpenny.  
The new Town.  
Tretermane.  
Trout Bek.    


V  
Vent Flu.  
Uffay park.  
Uldale.  
Ulles Flu.  
Ullok.  
Unerigg.  
Unthank.  
Unthank.  
Uprightby.    


W  
Wakthwate.  
Waleton.  
Wampul Flu.  
Wampall.  
Wardall.  
Warnell.  
Warton.  
Warwick.  
Wasdale chapel. 

Nether Wasdale.    
Watenlath.  
Wathermelak.  
Wawburthwat.  
WERKINTON.  
Westward.  
Westward forest.  
Westhall.  
Wetherall.  
Whidbek.  
Whitridge.  
Whithaven.  
Whitlaton.  
Whittyham.  
Whitelose.  
Wiborne.  
Widehope.  
Winsgell.  
With hill. 

Kirses Would.    
Wulsty Castle.      

THE County of Northumberland, which the English Saxons called Nort-humberlond, 
The bounds of Northumberland.  hath on the South the Bishopric of Durham, being shut in with the River Derwent, and with Tyne; the North is confined upon Scotland, the West upon part of Scotland, and part of Cumberland: the East-side lieth altogether upon the Sea, called Mare-Germanicum.  

The Form.  (2) The form thereof is Triangle, and differs not much in the sidings; for from her Southeast unto the South West-point are near unto forty miles; from thence to her North-point are sixty miles, and her base along the Seashore fortie-five miles: The whole in circumference is about one hundred forty five miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air must needs be subtle and piercing, for that the Northernly parts are most exposed to extremity of weathers, as great winds, hard frosts, and long lying of snows, etc. Yet would it be far more sharper than it is, were not the German Seas a ready means to further the dissolution of her Ice and Snow, and the plenty of Coals there gotten, a great help to comfort the body with warmth, and defend the bitter coldness.  

The Soil.  (4) The Soil cannot be rich, having neither fertility of ground for corn or cattle, the most part of it being rough, and in every place hard to be manured, save only towards the Sea and the River Tyne, where, by the great diligence and industrious pains of good husbandry, that part is become very fruitful.  

Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country, mentioned by Ptolemy, were called Ottalini, Ottadeny, and Ottadini, which by an easy alteration, (as Master Cambden saith) if it had been called Ottatini, signifying, above the Tyne, or on the further side of Tyne (for so this people were planted) there would have been much consonance both with the name of the Inhabitants, and the Position and Site of the Province.  

Commodities.  (6) The chiefest commodity that enricheth this County are those stones Linthancraces, which we call Sea-coals, whereof there is such plenty and abundance digged up, as they do not only return a great gain to the Inhabitants, but procure also much pleasure and profit to others.  

Newcastle.  (7) No place of this Province vents forth so many of these Sea-coals into other regions as Newcastle doth, being the very eye of all the Towns in this County: for it doth not only minister relief (by such provision) to all other parts of England, but doth also furnish the wants of foreign Countries with her plenty. By means of this, and the intercourse of Traffic which it hath, the place is grown exceeding rich and populous. Before the Conquest it was called Monk-chester: 
A rich town.  having been (as it seemed) in the possession of Monks: and Chester being added, which signifies a bulwark or place of defence, shows that in ancient time it had been a place of fortification.  

The occasion of naming it Newcastle.  (8) After the Conquest it got the name of Newcastle, by the new Castle which Robert the Son of William the Conqueror built there, out of the ground. What it was called in old time is not known, yet some are of opinion that it may be thought to have been Gatrosentum, for that Gateshead, the suburb (as it were) of the same, expresseth in the own proper signification that British name Gatrosentum. It is now most ennobled both by the Haven (which Tyne maketh) of that notable depth, that it beareth very tall ships, and is able to defend them against storms and tempests. As also by many favours and honours where with it hath been dignified by Princes: 
Richard the second.  for Richard the second, granted that a Sword should be carried before the Mayor, and Henry the sixth made it a County, 
Henry the sixth.  consisting of a Corporation within itself. It is adorned with four Churches, and fortified with strong walls that have eight gates. It is distant from the first West line 21. degrees and 30. minutes, and from the Equinoctial line towards the North pole 34. degrees and 57 minutes.  

Barwick.  (9) The utmost town in England, and the strongest hold in all Britain, is Barwick. From whence it had the name is not certainly made known. Some fetch it from Berengarius a Duke (never read of:) some say it was called Beornica-ƿic in the old English-Saxon tongue, which is the Town of the Bernicians. Howsoever, this is better to be said then trusted: 
The situation of Barwick.  and whencesoever it hath the name, it is seated between two mighty Kingdoms, shooting far into the Sea, with the which, and the River Tweed, it is almost encompassed: and whensoever any discord fell between the two Nations, this place was the first thing they took care of. It hath endured the brunts of divers inroads and incursions, and been oftentimes both possessed and repossessed of the Scots and English: But since it was reduced under the command of Edward the fourth, our Kings have from time to time so strengthened it with new works and fortifications, as they cut off all hopes of winning it. 
The Governor.  The Governor of this Town is also Warden of the East Marches against Scotland. The longitude of it according to Mathematical observation, is 21 degrees and 43. minutes: the latitude 55. degrees and 48. minutes.  
(10) The Inhabitants of this County are a warlike people, 
Battles in this Country.  and excellent light horsemen, and are made fierce and hard by the several encounters of the Scots, and not much unlike them in neither, betwixt whom in this County many battles have been fought, and the successes oftentimes waved thorough very doubtfully, the victory sometimes falling to the Scots, sometimes to the English. At Otterburne was one, 
Battles at Otterburne.  in which three or four times it stood doubtfully indifferent, till in the end, the Scots got the upper hand of the English: Howbeit their glory was not made so illustrious by this Conquest, but that it was as much darkened by the foil they received at Anwicke, 
Anwick.  where William King of the Scots, was taken and presented prisoner to Henry the 2. As also by that battle at Brumridge, 
Brumridge.  where King Athelstan fought a pitched field against Anlase the Dane, Constantine King of Scots, and Eugenius king of Cumberland, and that with such fortunate success, as it hath left matter sufficient to fill the pens of Historians. 
Flodden-field.  Flodden field also memorable in the death of james the fourth, king of Scots, who was there slain, and his Army overthrown in a sharp fight, as he displayed his Banner (in great hope) against England, when king Henry the 8. lay at the siege of Turnay in France.  
(11) Other battles in this County have been, as that at Hexam (called by Bede, 
Hexam.  Hangustald) wherein john Nevil marquis Montacute, encountered the Leaders of the Lancastrian faction with much courage, and with greater success put them to flight, for which he was made Earl of Northumberland by Edward the fourth. 
Dilston.  As also that at Dilston (by Bede called Dinelsburne,) where Oswald having the faith of Christ for his defence and armour, slew Cedwall the Britain in a set battle, himself straightways becoming a professed Christian, and causing his people to be instructed in Christian Religion.  
(12) Many memorable Antiquities are found in this Country along the wall, 
Antiquities.  and in other places: As pieces of Coin, Inscriptions, broken and unprefect Altars, etc. (the ruins of the wall yet to be seen: (but none that deserves more to be remembered then Wall-Town (by Bede called Ad Murum) for that Segbert King of the East-Saxons was in it baptised in the Christian faith by the hands of Paulinus: and Halyston, 
Halyston.  where the same Paulinus is said to have baptised many thousands in the faith of Christ, in the Primitive Church of the English Nation.  
(13) Busy-gap is a place infamous for robbing and thieving, 
Busy-gap.  and is therefore rather remembered as a cautiatory note for such as have cause to travel that way, then for any proper matter of worth it hath, that merits place with other parts of this Province.  
Other matters of observation are only these, 
Light Horsemen.  that North Tyne (running through the Wall) waters two Dales, which breed notable light Horsemen, and both of them have their hills (hard by) so boggy, and standing with water on the top, that no Horsemen are able to ride thorough them, and yet (which is wonderful) there be many great heaps of stones (called Laws) which the neighbouring people are verily persuaded were cast up and laid together in old time, in remembrance of some that were slain there. There is also a Martial kind of men which lie out, up and down in little cottages, 
A Martial kind of men.  (called by them Sheales & Shealing) from April to August, in scattering fashion, summering (as they term it) their cattle, and these are such a sort of people as were the ancient Nomads. The last, not least, matter of note is this, that the Inhabitants of Morpeth set their own Town on fire in the year of Christ 1215. in the spite they bore to King john, 
Morpeth.  for that he and his Rutars overran these Countries.  
This County hath five Market-towns in it for her trade of buying and selling, 
Market-towns.  26. Castles for her strength and fortification, and 460. Parish-Churches for divine service.   map of Northumberland 
NORTHUMBERLAND.  



A  
ABsheles.  
Acam.  
Ackton.  
Acton.  
Akelynton.  
Allanton.  
Allenton.  
Almeburne.  
ALNEWICK.  
Alnham.  
East Al●ow flu.  
West Allow flu.  
Anbell.  
Ancraft.  
Angetton.  
Anter-Chester.  
Aperley.  
Ashington.  
Asper sheles.  
Averwick.  
Aumond hill.  
Aydon Castle.  
Aylmouth.  
Aylnammore.    


B  
Bamburg.  
Barmore.  
Barodon.  
Barraford.  
Barrinton.  
BARWICK.  
Barwick.  
Great Bavinton.  
Bearle.  
Bedenell.  
Bedlinton.  
Bedford.  
Bellister castle.  
Bellerley.  
The Bellyn.  
Belkerk.  
Belsey castle.  
Beltingham.  
Beneley.  
Bentham.  
Benwell.  
Berling.  
Great Bewick.  
Little Bewick.  
Bewfront.  
Bichefield.  
Bickerton.  
Biker.  
Billingham.  
Billistone.  
Bilton.  
Bingfield.  
Brikes.  
Biwell castle.  
Blacklaw.  
Black-brea.  
Black-bedon.  
Blakedon.  
Black-hall.  
Blake law.  
Blakeworth.  
Blenkensop Castle.  
Blithe flu.  
Blithe's Newkes.  
Bolam.  
Bottle Castle.  
Bowesden.  
Bowmet.  
Bowton.  
Bradford.  
Bradley hall.  
Brankeston.  
Bransaugh.  
Branton.  
Branton.  
Brearidge.  
Brenkhorn.  
Brinkley.  
Brome park.  
Bromeridge.  
Bromish flu.  
Brumley.  
Brunton.  
Bruntons.  
Buckton.  
Budle.  
Burdop.  
Burrodon.  
Burtley.  
Burton.  
Buston.  
Busigap.  
Buteland.  
Butterhagh.    


C  
Caddon.  
Callalee.  
Callie park.  
Cammas.  
Captheaton.  
Carehouse.  
North Carleton.  
South Carleton.  
Carram.  
Carrow tower.  
Carswell.  
The Carter.  
Castley.  
Catchaside.  
Catchborne.  
Causey.  
Cerbridge.  
Charleton.  
Chatton.  
Chesterwood.  
Cheswick.  
Chetlop Burne.  
Cheviot hills.  
East-Chevinton.  
West-Chevinton.  
Chillingham.  
Chirden.  
Chipechase.  
Chirtons'.  
Cholerton.  
Claroo.  
Cockley.  
Cockley town.  
Cocket flu.  
Coket Island.  
Cocklaw hill.  
Cold-Marton.  
Conwood chapel  
Colwell.  
Cornwall.  
Corsenside.  
Cortington castle  
Cotewall tower.  
Coupland.  
Cowpon.  
Cragshels.  
Cramlinton.  
Crawley.  
Crawstor.  
Christenbury cra.  
Crocklaw.  
Cronkley.  
Cunningarth.    


D  
Dala Castle.  
Dareshall.  
Dawton.  
Deddington.  
Denijk.  
Denton.  
Detcham.  
Dichborns.  
Dilston.  
Dissingtons.  
Doteland.  
Donols' flu.  
Downeham.  
Doxford.  
Druriche.  
Duke pull.  
Dunkefield.  
Dunnington.  
Dunston.  
Dunterley.  
Dunstaburgh Castle.  
Durtreborn.    


E  
Eawden.  
Edderston.  
Edington.  
Edlingham castle.  
Eglingham.  
Eland hall.  
Eldes.  
Elford.  
Elihaugh.  
Elis.  
Elishaw.  
Ellesden.  
Ellingham.  
Ellyke.  
Elmeley.  
Eltringham.  
Embleton.  
Emmothilis.  
Emmouthough.  
Erington.  
Erisden.  
Eslington.  
Espley.  
Essheales.  
Etall.  
etal Castle.  
Evart.    


F  
Fallowfield.  
Farley.  
Farnlaw.  
Fauston hall.  
Fauterley.  
Fawlee.  
Faulick.  
Fawns.  
Felkinton.  
Felton.  
Fennam.  
Fennik.  
Fennik hall.  
Fetherston haugh.  
Flights fell.  
Flodden hill.  
Font flu.  
Ford Castle.  
Fowbre.  
Framlington.    


G  
Garretlee.  
The Gelecrag.  
Gijsons.  
Gilderdale.  
Glanthisse.  
Glanton.  
Gloucester.  
The Grange.  
Grange.  
Greene.  
Greenchester.  
Greene haugh.  
Green hatherly.  
Green Leighton  
Greenested.  
Grindridge.  
North Gosford  
South Gosford.  
Goswick.  
Grotehugh.  
Gunnerton.    


H  
Haden bridge.  
Haggerston.  
Haledon.  
Halewell.  
Halidon hill.  
Haliston.  
Halton hall.  
Halton-sheeles.  
Halt-wesell.  
Hambleton.  
Hamburne hall.  
The Haggiston.  
Haton.  
Hathrington. wark.  
Haughton.  
Haukeslaw.  
Haukwell.  
Hawcople.  
Hay close.  
Haydon.  
Hartbottle castle.  
Harehaugh.  
Harelaw.  
Harford.  
Kirk Harle.  
West Harle  
Harnam.  
Harlow.  
Harsingside.  
Hartborn.  
Harterton.  
Hartley flu.  
Hartley.  
Hartside.  
Harvep.  
Harwood sheeles  
Headly.  
Heaton.  
Heborn.  
Hebborne.  
Heddon.  
East Heddon.  
Hedgely.  
The He field.  
Hefferlaw.  
Helterborne.  
Heppescote.  
Hessh.  
Heslaside.  
Heselridge.  
Old Heton.  
Herton.  
HEXAM.  
Hexley.  
Highley.  
Hoclugh.  
Holy Island.  
Holinhead.  
Horde.  
The horshead.  
Horsley.  
Horton Grange.  
Horton Castle.  
Howborne.  
Howick.  
Howtell.  
Long Houghton.  
Houghton.  
Houghton.  
Hugh.  
Hull.  
Hurst.  
Hyndley.    


I  
Ilderton.  
Ingram.  
Ingey.  
S. john Lee.    


K  
Kemblespeth hill.  
Kenton.  
Kepik.  
Killam.  
Killinworth.  
Kinsingham.  
Kirkhaugh.  
Kirkley.  
Kirk whelpington.  
Kineleyside.  
Knaresdale.  
Knewdon.  
Kyley.    


L  
Lamley.  
Lamyford.  
Langhaugh.  
Langley Castle.  
Langton.  
Leame.  
Leaplyshe.  
Learmouth.  
Lee-hall.  
Lees.  
Leminaton.  
Lesbury.  
East Lilborne.  
West Lilborne.  
Lyre hillam.  
Longhope.  
Longhurst.  
Longshawes.  
Long-witton.  
The forest of Lowes.  
Lowick.  
Lowlyn.  
Lucker.  
Lungridge.  
Lurbottle.  
Lynbridge.  
Lyne flu.  
Lynton.  
Lyom.    


M  
Mad-fennes.  
Maiden cross.  
Marelet.  
S. Margaret.  
Medow-hough.  
Melchriche.  
Meldon.  
Mickeley.  
Middleborn.  
Middleton.  
Middleton.  
Middleton hall.  
middleton's.  
Milborne.  
Milfield.  
Minsterakers.  
Mitforth.  
Monk-seton.  
Moretowne.  
Nether Morley.  
MORPETH.  
Morrik.  
Morton.  
Mosedon.  
Mowap.  
Mousewell.  
Munk.  
Munkryse.    


N  
Nesbet.  
Netherton.  
Nethpoole.  
Newbiggin.  
Newbiggin.  
Newbiggin.  
Newbiggins.  
Newbiggins.  
Newborn.  
Newburgh.  
New Chapel.  
NEW CASTLE.  
newland's.  
Newneham.  
Newsham.  
Newshele.  
Newsted.  
Newtowne.  
Newtowne.  
Newtowne.  
Newtowne.  
Newton.  
Newton.  
Newton.  
Newton.  
Newton hall.  
Newton kirk.  
Nobock.  
Nopton.  
Norham.  
Norton.  
Nuke.  
Nunnikirk.  
Nunriding.    


O  
Ogle Castle.  
Oldtowne.  
Ord.  
S. Oswald.  
Otterburne.  
Over-hall.  
Over-Acres.  
Ovinton.  
Ovingham.  
Ouldtowne.  
Outchester.  
Owmers'.  
Owston.    


P  
Padston.  
Parkhead.  
Pegton.  
Penpughe.  
Permandley.  
Plankford.  
Plash.  
Pont flu.  
Pontland.  
Portgate.  
Prendick.  
Preslik.  
Pessan.  
Preston.  
Pruddo Castle.    


R  
Ratten Raw.  
Rause Castle hill.  
Raylees.  
Radeswouth.  
Redesdale.  
Rellosyse.  
Revela. 

The Reye.    
Ridlamhope.  
Ridland flu.  
Ridley flu.  
Little Rile  
Great Rile.  
Riplington.  
Rising.  
Robs Crosse.  
Rock.  
Rochester.  
Rodom.  
Rothbury.  
Rotheley.  
Roseborne.  
Roseden.  
Rosse.  
Rugley.  
Runington.  
Rutchester.  
Rutchester.    


S  
Sammeshouse.  
Sandon.  
Seaton.  
Seaton.  
Seaton dalavell.  
Sewenshele.  
Sibbenes.  
Sibton sheles.  
Sighill.  
Simonburn castle.  
Simonside.  
Sindrop.  
Sharpenton.  
Shavon.  
Shelduks.  
She'll flu.  
Shele-hall.  
Shepewash.  
Shilburnehaugh.  
Shilbottel.  
Shilvington.  
Shipley.  
Shitlinton.  
Shorley.  
Shortslat.  
Shoston.  
Shotley.  
Shotton.  
Skrimmerston.  
Skernwood.  
Slealey.  
Slekbornes.  
Smalborne.  
Smalborne.  
Snepe.  
Snipehouse.  
Snitter.  
Snuke-banke.  
Spi-Crag.  
Spindleston. 

The spital.  
The spital.    
Spurtwell.  
White Squire hill.  
The red Squire.  
Stanforth.  
Stannington.  
Stanton.  
Steel hall.  
Steel.  
Stonehall.  
Stokeswood.  
Stoubes.  
Stavertpeele.  
Sunderland.  
Swinborne castle. 

Little Swinborn    
Swinnon. 

The side.      


T  
Tarsell.  
Till flu.  
Tinmouth.  
Tinmouth Castle.  
Titlington.  
Thecam.  
Thirlewall.  
Thokerinton.  
Thornburn.  
Thornhope.  
Thornham tower  
Thornton.  
Thornton.  
Throple.  
Throxton.  
Todhorn.  
Toddelwood.  
Togesden.  
Toneley.  
Tossons.  
Over Trewhet.  
Nether Trewhet.  
Tritlinton.  
Troughwhen.  
Tuggell.  
Tweedmouth.  
Tweedmouth.  
Tweed flu.  
Twisell  
Tylmouth.  
Tyne flu.  
Tyne flu.  
Tyne head.  
Tyndale.    


V  
Vgham.  
Vnthank.  
Vsway flu.    


W  
Wall.  
Wall town.  
Wallington.  
Walker.  
Walwick.  
Wamson.  
Wanspeck flu.  
Warden.  
Work Castle.  
Warne flu.  
Warnemouth.  
Warnford.  
Warton.  
Warmouth.  
Wateryate.  
Wawbottle.  
Weldon.  
Welton.  
Wesell.  
Wetewood.  
Weteslades.  
West Newton.  
Widon.  
Wilam.  
Williamston.  
Willinton.  
Willy Motswick.  
Winchester.  
Windram.  
Winnelraw.  
Wintrig.  
Witherington Castle.  
Whanton.  
Wharby.  
The Wheel Feil.  
West Welpington.  
Whitchester.  
Whitfield.  
Whitfield hall.  
Whitlathe.  
Whitley sheeles.  
Whitside.  
Whittel.  
Whittentons.  
Whittrenstall.  
Whittingham.  
Whitton Castle.  
Whitton tower.  
Woodburnes.  
Wooden.  
Woodhall.  
Woodhouses.  
Woodhouse.  
Woperden.  
Workesborn.  
Worndon.  
Wreghill.  
Wullaw.  
Wuller.    


Y  
Yardrop.  
Yarro.  
Yarnwiche.  
Yellinton.  
Yeverin hill.      

THE I'll of Man is termed by Ptolemy, Moneda; by Pliny, Monabia; 
Diversity of names.  by Orosius, Menavia; by Beda, Menavia secunda; and by Gyldas, Eubonia, and Manaw. The Britain's name ●● Men●●; the inhabitants, Maninge; and we Englishmen, The I'll of Man. It boundeth Northward upon Scotland, southward upon the I'll of Anglesey, Eastward upon part of Lancashire, and Westward upon the Coast of Ireland.  

Form.  (2) The form is long and narrow; for from Cransl●n to the Mull-hils, where it is longest, it only stretcheth itself to twenty nine miles; but from the widest part, 
Dimensitie.  which is from Peele-Castle, to Douglas-point, are scarce nine; the whole compass about, is four score and two miles.  
(3) The air is cold and sharp, being bordering upon the Septentrional parts, 
Aire.  and for her shelter having but a wall of water. They have few Woods; only they light sometimes upon subterranean trees buried under the ground, by digging up the earth for a clammy kind of Turf, which they use for fuel.  

Soil.  (4) The soil is reasonable fruitful both for cattle, Fish, and Corn; yet it rather commendeth the pains of the people than the goodness of the ground; for by the industry of the Inhabitants it yieldeth sufficiency of every thing for itself, and sendeth good store into other Countries. It hath fields (by good manuring) plenteous of Barley and Wheat, but especially of Oats; and from hence it comes that the people eat most of all Oaten bread. It bears abundance of Hemp and Flax, 
Oaten-bread.  and is full of mighty flocks of sheep and other cattle: yet are they smaller in body than we have in England, and are much like to the cattle in Ireland that are neighbouring upon it.  

Commodities.  (5) This commmodity makes this Island more happy than we are here: for the people are there free from unnecessary commencements of Suits, from long & dilatory Pleas, and from frivolous seeing of Lawyers. 
Freedom from vexation in Lawing.  No Judge or Clerks of the Court take there any penny for drawing Instruments, or making of Processes. All controversies are there determined by certain Judges, without writings or other charges, and them they call Deemsters, and choose forth among themselves. 
The Magistrate's manner of warrant for summoning a party before him.  If any complaint be made to the Magistrate for wrongs either done or suffered, he presently taketh up a stone, and fixeth his mark upon it, and so delivereth it unto the party plaintiff, by virtue of which he both calls his adversary to appearance, and to produce his witnesses. If the case fall out to be more litigious, and of greater consequence than can easily be ended, it is then referred to twelve men, whom they term The keys of the Island. Another happiness enricheth this Island, namely, the security and government thereof, as being defended from neighbour enemies by Soldiers that are pressed and ready; for on the Southside of the I'll stands Balacuri (the Bishop's chief place of residence) and the Pyle, 
Balacuri the Bishop's palace.  and a Blockhouse standing in a little Island, where there is a continual Garrison of Soldiers. And it is so well managed for matter of rule and civil discipline, that every man there possesseth his own in peace and safety. No man lives in dread or danger of losing what he hath. Men are not there inclined to robbing or thieving, or licentious living.  
(6) The inhabitants of this Island are for the most part religious, 
religiousness of the people.  and loving to their Pastors, to whom they do much reverence and respect, frequenting duly to divine service, without division in the Church or innovation in the Commonweal. The wealthier sort, and such as hold the fairest possessions, do imitate the people of Lancashire, both in their honest carriage & good housekeeping. Howbeit the common sort of people both in their language and manners, come nighest unto the Irish although they somewhat relish and savour of the qualities of the Norwegians.  
(7) Things not worthy to be buried in the grave of oblivion are, 
Matters worthy of note.  that this Island in the midst thereof riseth up with hills, standing very thick, amongst which the highest is called Sceafull, from which upon a clear and fair day, a man may easily see three Kingdoms at once; that is, England, Scotland, & Ireland. This I'll prohibits the customary manner of begging from door to door, detesting the disorders, as well Civil as Ecclesiastical, of neighbour-Nations. 
The women's girdles when they go abroad  And last, not least, that deservs to be committed to memory, is, that the women of this Country, wheresoever they go out of their doors, gird themselves about with the winding-sheet that they purpose to be buried in, to show themselves mindful of their mortality: 
The manner of death for Malefactors.  and such of them as are at any time condemned to die, are sowed within a sack, and flung from a rock into the sea.  
(8) The whole I'll is divided into two parts, 
The partition of this Isle.  South and North, whereof the one resembleth the Scotish in speech, the other the Irish. It is defended by two Castles, and hath seventeen Parishes, five Market-towns, and many Villages.  

¶ A Table of the Towns, Villages, Castles, Rivers, and Havens within the I'll of Man, Alphabetically gathered.  


A  
Kirk Andrew.  
The point of Air.    


B  
Baladoul,  
Balalough.  
Kirk Balalough.  
Balicaken.  
Balisaly Abbey.  
Balisaly Town.  
Friry Bewmakan.  
Kirk Bridge.  
Kirk Brodon.    


C  
Caltregh.  
The Calf of Man.  
Castle Town Bay.  
Kirk Christ.  
Kirk Christ.  
Chapel.  
Clanmoy flu.  
Cobbe Borne.  
Corte.  
Cranston.    


D  
Dauby point.  
Dauby Town.  
Douglas point.  
DOUGLAS town.  
Douglas haven.    


E  
Egnes.    


F  
Fleshik.    


G  
Glan-Brow.  
Glan-Cam.    


I  
Kirk Jarman.  
Jeorby point.  
Saint John's Chapel.    


K  
Saint Katherins Chapel  
Kirk Kerbrey.    


L  
The point Lang-nouse.  
Laxi-Bay.  
Laxi-point.  
LAXI TOWN.  
Kirk Lennon.  
Loughe.    


M  
Kirk Magh haul.  
Kirk Magh-hauls head.  
Malarlough.  
Kirk Mali.  
Kirk Migh-hil.  
Kirk Migh-hill flu.  
Saint Migh-hills Island.  
Min-hugh.  
Kirk Mortown.  
The Mull-hills.    


N  
Neb flu.  
The Nunnery.    


O  
Kirk Onkon.    


P  
Kirk Patriark.  
Kirk Patriarch of the Peel.  
PEEL-Town.  
Peel-Castle.  
Polt Bash.  
Port Earn.  
Portell Morrey.  
Portwick.    


R  
Ramsey.  
RAMSEY Town.  
Ramsey haven.  
RUSHIN Castle.    


S  
Scarthlat.  
Shellack point.  
Snafeld.  
Solbe mouth.  
Solbe flu.  
Spalork.  
The Stack.  
Kirk Stanton.    


V  
Work.    


W  
Watch-hill.  
The white Water.  
Black Water.  
Whetston.   
 map of the Isle of Man 
THE ISLE OF MAN Exactly desribed, and into several Parishshes divided, with every Town, Village, Bay, Creke, and River therein contained. The bordringe Coasts wherewith it is circulated in their Situations self, and by the Compass accordingly showed, with their true distance from every place unto this Island by a several scale observed      

IT is here very pertinent to the purpose, to insert a small History of this Island, that the achievements heretofore had, may not be utterly buried, although they are waxen very old, & almost torn from remembrance by the teeth of Time. It is confessed by all, that the Britain's held this Island, as they did all Britain But when the Nations from the North over fl●wed these South parts, like violent tempests, it became subject to the Scots. Afterwards the Norwegians, who did most hurt from the Northern sea by their manifold robberies made this Island and the He●rides to be their haunt, and erected Lords and petty Kings in the same, as is expressed in this Chronicle, Written (as is reported) by the Monks of the Abbey of Russin.  
A Chronicle of the Kings of MAN.  
ANno Dom, 1●65. Edward, of blessed memory, King of England, departed this life, and Harald the son of Godwyn succeeded him in the Kingdom, against whom Harald Harfager (King of Norway) came into the field, and fought a battle at Stainford bridge: but the English obtaining the victory, put them all to f●ight. Out of which chase Godred, 
1 Syrric King of Man.  surnamed Crovan, the son of Harald the Black of Iseland, came unto Godred the son of Syrric, who reigned then in Man, and honourably received him.  

2 Fingall.  (2) The same year William the Bastard conquered Enggland, and Godred the son of Syrric died, his son Fingall succeeding him.  
(3) An. 1066. Godred Crovan assembled a great Fleet, and came to Man, and fought with the people of the Land, but received the worst, and was overcome.  
The second time renewing his forces and his Fleet, he sailed into Man & joined battle with the Manksmen, but was vanquished as before, and driven out of the field. Howbeit, what he could not at first bring to pass with power in those two several Onsets, he afterward effected by policy. For the third time gathering a great multitude together, he arrived by night in the haven called Ramsey, and hid three hundred men in a Wood, which stood upon the hanging hollow brow of an hill called Sceafull. The Sun being risen, the Manksmen put their people in order of battle, and with a violent charge encountered with Godred. 
3 Godred Crovan. King.  The sight was hot for a time, and stood in a doubtful suspense, till those three hundred men starting out of the Ambush behind their backs, began to foil the Manksmen, put them to the worst, and forced them to fly. Who seeing themselves thus discomfited, and finding no place of refuge left them to escape, with pitiful lamentation submitted themselves unto Godred, and besought him not to put to the sword such poor remainder of them as was left alive. Godred having compassion on their calamities, (for he had been nursed for a time and brought up among them) founded a retreat, and prohibited his host any longer pursuit. He being thus possessed of the I'll of Man, died in the Island that is called Isle, when he had reigned sixteen years. He left behind him three sons, Lagman, Harald, and Olave.  

4 Lagman King.  (4) Lagman the eldest, taking upon him the Kingdom, reigned seven years. His brother Harald rebelled against him a great while; but at length was taken prisoner by Lagman, who caused his members of generation to be cut off, and his eyes to be put out of his head; which cruelty this Lagman afterwards repenting, gave over the Kingdom of his own accord, and wearing the badge of the Lords Cross, took a journey to jerusalem, in which he died.  
(5) An. 1075. all the Lords and Nobles of the Lands hearing of the death of Lagman, dispatched Ambassadors to Murecard O●brien King of Ireland, and requested that he would send some worthy and industrious man of the Blood Royal to be their King, till Olave the son of Godred came to full age. 
5 Dopnald King.  The King yielding to their request, sent one Dopnald the son of Tade, and charged him to govern the Kingdom (which by right belonged to another) with lenity and gentleness. But after he was come to the Crown, forgetting, or not weighing, the charge that his Lord and Master had given him, swayed his place with great tyranny, committing many outrages and cruelties, and so reigned three years: till all the princes of the Lands agreeing together, rose up against him, and made him fly into Ireland.  

6 Olave King.  (6) An. Do. 1111. Olave the son of Godred Crovan aforesaid, began his reign, and reigned forty years, a peaceable Prince. He took to wife Africa, the daughter of Fergus of Galway, of whom he begat Godred. By his Concubines he had Raignald, Lagman and Harald, besides many daughters, whereof one was married to Summerled, Prince of Herergaidel, who caused the ruin of the Kings of the Lands. On her he begat four sons, Dungal, Raignald, Engus, and Olave.  

7 Godred the second King.  (7) An. Dom. 1144. Godred the son of Olave, was created King of Man, and reigned thirty years. In the third year of his reign the people of Dublin sent for him, and made him their King, Which Murecard King of Ireland maligning, raised war, and sent Osibeley his half brother by the mother's side with 3000. men at Arms to Dublin, who by Godred and the Dublinians was slain, and the rest all put to flight. These achievements made, Godred returned to Man, and began to use tyranny, turning the Noblemen out of their inheritances. Whereupon one called Thorfin (Otters son) being mightier than the rest, came to Summerled, and made Dulgal (Summerleds son) king of the Lands: whereof Godred having intelligence, prepared a Navy of 80. Ships to meet Summerled. And in the year 1156 there was a battle fought at Sea on Twelfth day at night, & many slain on both sides. But the next day they grew to a pacification, and divided the Kingdom of the Lands among themselves. This was the cause of the overthrow of the Kingdom of the Iles.  
(8) An. 1158. Summerled came to Man, with a Fleet of fifty three sail, put Godred to flight, and wasted the land. Godred upon this crossed over to Norway for aid against Summerled. But Summerled in the mean time arriving at Rhinfrin▪ and having gathered together a fleet of a 160. ships coveting to subdue all Scotland, by the just judgement of God, was vanquished by a few, and both himself and his son slain, with an infinite number of people.  
(9) The fourth day after, Raignald began to reign, but Godred coming upon him out of Norway with a great multitude of armed men, took his brother Raignald, and bereft him both of his eyes, and genital members. On the fourth Ides of November, An. Dom. 1187. Godred King of the Lands died, and his body was translated to the I'll of Ely. He left behind him three sons, Raignald, Olave, and Yuar. He ordained in his life time that Olave should succeed him, because he only was born legitimate. But the people of Man seeing him to be scarce ten years old, sent for Raignald, and made him their King. 
8 Raignald King of Man.  This caused great division, and many turbulent attempts between the two Brethren for the space of thirty eight years; which had no end, till at a place called Tnigua●●a there was a battle struck between them, wherein Olave had the victory, and Raignald was slain. The Monks of Russin translated his body unto the Abbey of S. Marry de Fournes, and there interred it in a place which himself had chosen for that purpose.  
(10) An. 1230. Olave and Godred Don (who was Raignalds son) with the Norwegians came to Man, 
9 Olave the second King.  and divided the Kingdom among themselves. Olave held Man, and Godred being gone unto the Lands, was slain in the I'll Lodhus. So Olave obtained the Kingdom of the Iles. He died the twelfth Calends of june, An. 1237. in S. Patrick's Island, and was buried in the Abbey of Russin.  
(11) Harrold his son succeeded him, 
10 Harrold King of Man.  being fourteen years of age, and reigned twelve years. In the year 1239. he went unto the King of Norway, who after two years confirmed unto him, his heirs and successors, under his Seal, all the Lands which his Predecessors had possessed.  
(12) An. Do. 1242. Harrold returned out of Norway, and being by the inhabitants honourably received, had peace with the Kings of England, and of Scotland. The same year he was sent for by the King of Norway, and married his daughter. In the year 1249. as he returned homeward with his wife, he was drowned in a tempest near unto the coasts of Radland.  
(13) An. Dom. 1249. Raignald the son of Olave, and brother to Harrold, 
11 Raignald the second King.  began his reign, and on the thirtieth day thereof was slain by one Yuar a Knight, in a meadow near unto the holy Trinity Church, and lieth buried in the Church of S. Mary of Russin.  
(14) In the year 1252. Magnus' the son of Olave, came to Man, 
12 Magnus' King of Man.  and was made King. The next year following he went to the King of Norway and stayed there a year.  
(15) In the year 1265. Magnus, (Olaves son) King of Man, and of the Lands, departed this life, at the Castle of Russin, and was buried in the Church of S. Mary of Russin.  
(16) In the year 1266. the Kingdom of the Lands was translated, by reason of Alexander King of Scots, who had gotten into his hands the western Lands, and brought the I'll of Man under his dominion, as one of that number.  
(17) An. 1340. William Montacute Earl of Salisbury wrested it from the Scotish by strong hand and force of Arms: and in the year 1393. (as Thomas Walsingham saith) he sold Man and the Crown thereof unto William Scroop for a great sum of money. But he being beheaded for high Treason and his goods confiscate, it came into the hands of Henry the fourth King of England, who granted this Island unto Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland. But Henry Percy entering into open rebellion the fifth year following, the king sent Sir john Stanley & William Stanley to seize the I'll and Castle of Man, the inheritance whereof he granted afterwards to Sir john Stanley & his heirs by Letters patents, with the Patronage of the Bishopric, etc. So that his heirs and successors, who were honoured with the Title of Earls of Derby, were commonly called Kings of Man.   

HOLY ISLAND.  
THis Island is called Lindisfarne, by the River Lied that is opposite unto it on the Coast of Northumberland. Beda termeth it a Demy Island. The Britain's name it Inis Medicante, for that it twice every day suffereth an extraordinary inundation and over-flowng of the Ocean in manner of an Island, which twice likewise makes it continent to the Land, and returning unto her watery habitation, lays the Shore bore again, as before. It is called in English, Holy-Iland, for that in ancient times many Monks have been accustomed to retire themselves thither, and to make it their receptacle for solitude: having on the West and South, Northumberland, and more South-Eastward the Island Farne.  
(2) The form of it is long and narrow, the West side narrower than the East, and are both conjoined by a very small spang of Land that is left unto Coneys. The South is much broader than the rest. It is from East to West about two thousand two hundred and fifty pases; and from North to South, twelve hundred and fifty pases; so that the circumference cannot be great.  
(3) The air is not very good either for health or delight, as being seated on those parts that are subject to extremity of cold, and greatly troubled with vapours and foggy mists that arise from the Seas.  
(4) The soil cannot be rich, being rocky and full of stones, and unfit for Corn and tillage. It is neither commended for hills to feed sheep, nor pastures to fat cattle, neither hath it valleys replenished with sweet springs, or running rivellets, only one excepted, descending from a standing pond. The only thing this Island yieldeth, is a fit and accommodate aptitude for Fishing and Fowling.  
(5) Notwithstanding this is very worthy of note concerning the same, which Alcuin wrote in an Epistle to Egelred King of Northumberland, namely, that it was a place more venerable than all the places of Britain, and that after the departure of S. Paulinus from York, there Christian Religion began in their Nation, though afterwards it there felt the first beginning of misery and calamity, being left to the spoil of Pagans and Miscreants.  
(6) It is also remembered of this Island, that sometimes there hath been in it an Episcopal See, which Aidan the Scot instituted (being called thither to preach the Christian Faith to the people of Northumberland) being much delighted with the solitary situation thereof, as a most fit place for retire. But afterwards when the Danes, rifled and robbed all the Seacoasts, the Episcopal See was translated to Durham.  
(7) This Island so small in account either for compass or commodity, and so unpeopled and unprofitable, cannot be numerous in Towns and Villages. It hath in it only one Town, with a Church and a Castle, under which there is a commodious Haven, defended with a Block-house, situate upon an hill towards the Southeast.  

FARNE I'll.  
THis I'll South-Eastward seven miles from Holy Island, showeth itself distant almost two miles from Bambrough Castle. On the West and South it beareth upon Northumberland, and on the North-East side it hath other smaller Lands adjoining to it, as Wid-pens and Staple Island, which lie two miles off Brondsman, and two lesser than these which are called the Wambes.  
(2) The form of this I'll is round, and no larger in compass then may easily be ridden in one half of a day. The breadth of it is but five miles, and the length no more. The whole circumference extends itself no further than to fifteen miles.  
(3) The air is very unwholesome, and subject both to many Dysenteries and other diseases, by reason of the misty fogs and exhalations that are thereunto drawn up from the Ocean. It is many times troubled with unusual tempests of winds, with boisterous fury of stormy reins, and with several and uncouth rages of the Sea.  
(4) The soil cannot be fertile, being encircled about with craggy cliffs; neither hath it in it much matter either of pleasure or profit. It can neither defend itself from cold, lacking fuel, as Wood, Cole, Turfs, etc. nor from famine, wanting food, as Corn, Pastures, Cattle, etc. The best commodity it yields, is Fish and Fowl.  
(5) This thing nevertheless is worthy to be remembered of it, which Beda (writing of the life of Cuthbert Bishop of Lindisfarne, 
Beda in the life of Cuthbert.  that Tutelar Patron of the Northern Englishmen) reporteth, namely, that in this I'll he built a City fitting his government, and erected certain houses in the same▪ the whole building standing almost round in compass, & reaching the space of four or five pearches. The wall about it he made higher than a man's height, to withhold and keep in the wanton lasciviousness both of his thoughts & eyes, and to elevate the whole intention of his mind up to heavenly desires, that he might wholly give himself to the service of God. But these are all made the ruins of time, as sithence many other Monuments have been, of worthy antiquity.  
(6) I cannot report that there are now many houses standing in it, much less Towns or Villages. Only this, that it hath a Tower or place of Fortification belonging unto it, placed well near in the middle part of the I'll.   map of Holy Island 
HOLY ISLAND   map of the Farne Islands 
FARNE   map of Guernsey 
GARNSEY   map of Jersey 
JARSEY   

GARNSEY.  
THis Island lieth about five League's North-West from jersey, and is compassed (like to her neighbour) with the British Sea. It lieth in length from Plymouth Bay South-West, to Lancrosse de Anckers' North-East, thirteen miles: in breadth from Saint Martin's point Southeast, to the How Northwest nine miles; and is in circuit thirty six miles. The Emperor Antonine having the rule and domination of France (at that time called Gaul, from whence the word Gallia is derived) did name this Island Sarnia, which afterward by the change of Times and corruption of Languages, was long since (and is at this day) called Garnsey.  
(2) This I'll in form and fashion standeth in the Sea, much like to a Park that is encompassed round about with a Pale of Rocks, being very defensible unto the Island from the attempting Invasion of enemies.  
(3) The Air and Climate of this I'll hath little or no difference in temper or quality from that of jersey. And this deserves to be remembered of it; that in this I'll is neither Toad, Snake, Adder, or any other venomous creature, and the other hath great plenty.  
(4) It standeth for the most part upon a rock, very high in many places from the Sea. Nevertheless the Soil is very fruitful, yielding forth great plenty of grass for their Sheep and other cattle, which they have to serve all uses. Their fields in the Summer time are so naturally garnished with flowers of all sorts, that a man (being there) might conceit himself to be in a pleasant artificial garden.  
(5) The Inhabitants are not so much given to tillage as they of jersey though the soil be as fruitful. They have of late taken great delight in planting and setting of trees of all sorts, and especially of Apples, by reason whereof they make much Cider. Their commodities are alike, and their helps from the Sea no less, or rather more.  
(6) In this I'll are many great steep rocks, among which is found a hard stone called by the Frenchmen Smyris, which we term Emerill. This stone is serviceable for many purposes, and many Trades, as Glasiers, etc. but especially for the Goldsmiths and Lapidaries, to cut their precious stones.  
(7) It hath a head of Land upon the North part thereof, the passage into which is so narrow, that a man would think that at every Tide (the Sea beating strongly on both sides) it were in a continual danger to be sundered from the other part of the I'll. This place is called S. Michael in the Vale, where (in former times) stood a Priory, or a Covent of Religious persons, the ruins whereof are at this day to be seen.  
(8) The government of this I'll, in nature and form resembles the other of jersey, of whom shall be said. The people are in their Original and Language alike also, but in their customs and conditions they come nearer the civil fashions of the English. Other matters of moment I find not worthy to be recorded.  
It hath ten Parishes, and one Market Town, being also a Haven, and is called S. Peter's Port, built close by the Peer, and Castle Cornet.   

JERSEY.  
THe two Land's jersey and Garnsey, being the only remains of the Dukedom of Normandy, that in former times many years together was in the possession, and under the command of the Kings of England, annexing thereunto a large territory and glorious title to the Crown, are both seated in the Sea called Mare Britannicum, the Ocean parting them a good distant asunder, and are now both adjuncts, and within the circuit of Hampshire. For the first (being the Isle of jersey) it lieth upon the British Sea, having on the North parts the Coast of Hampshire, and on the South the Country of Normandy.  
(2) This Island is long, not much unlike the fashion of an egg. It contains in length from Sentwon Pool upon the West, to Mount Orguil Castle on the East, ten miles, and in breadth from Dubon Point to Plymount bay, six miles: the whole circuit of the Island being thirty eight miles. It is distant from a little Island called Alderney, about four leagues. It was in old time called Caesarea; whether from julius Octavius, or any the other Caesars that followed, is unknown. But the Frenchmen have by corruption of speech long time called it jersey.  
(3) It is a very delightsome and healthful Island, and giveth a pleasant aspect unto the seas. It lieth southward not far from a craggy ridge of rocks, which is much feared of the Mariners, and makes the passage that way very dangerous, howbeit it serves for a forcible defence against Pirates, or any strangers that attempt invasion, and they are termed Casquets.  
(4) The Soil is very fertile, bringing forth store of Corn and Cattle, but especially of Sheep, that are of reasonable bigness, the most of them bearing four horns a piece: Their wool very fine and white, of which the Inhabitants make their Jersey Stockings, which are ordinarily to be had in most parts of England, and yield a great commodity unto the Island.  
(5) The first original of the Inhabitants sprung either from the Normans, or Britain's, or both. They speak French, though after a corrupt manner, and have continued their names, language, customs, and Country▪ without any, or little intermixture, these many hundred years, having been under the jurisdiction of the English ever since the untimely and unnatural death of Robert Duke of Normandy, eldest son to William the Conqueror.  
(6) The people of this Country live very pleasantly, as well by the profits of the Land, as the helps and furtherances of the Sea, that yields unto them (and especially in Summer season) great store of fish, but principally Conger and Lobsters, the greatest and fattest upon the coast of England. Wood is very scant, for their best fuel is Turf: some Coal they have brought unto them, but it is very dear; straw, fur, and fern serving their ordinary uses. The middle part of the Island hath many pretty Hills rising in it, yielding a delightful object unto the valleys, that receive from one another a mutual pleasure.  
(7) The Governor of the I'll is the Captain thereof, who appointeth certain Officers under him: the principal of whom, carrieth the name and title of a Bailiff, that in civil causes hath the assistance of twelve Jurats to determine of differences, and minister Justice: in criminal matters seven: in matters of reason and conscience, five. Their twelve are chosen out of the twelve Parishes: so that no man goeth further to complain, then to his own Jurate in ordinary controversies; but matters of moment and difficulty are determined before the Bailiff in a general meeting.  
(8) This I'll hath two little Lands adjacent; the one S. Albon, the other Hillary Island. It hath twelve Parishes, and four Castles. No other Monuments of name or note.     

THE SECOND BOOK Containing THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES.  
DELIVERING 

An exact topography of the COUNTIES.  
Divisions of their CANTREVES and COMMOTS.  
Descriptions of their CITIES and Shire-townes.    
WITH A COMPENDIOUS RELATION OF THINGS MOST MEMORABLE IN EVERY OF THEM.  
Performed BY JOHN SPEED.  
LONDON, Printed by john Legatt, for William Humble. 1646.  
Cum Privilegio.   


DIEV ET MON DROIT  
✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MALFATO ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚    

A Catalogue of such Princes sprung from THE ROYAL STEM OF THE ENGLISH KINGS, AS HAVE BEEN Entitled PRINCES OF WALES, since the time of that Country's last Conquest, and first voluntary subjection under King EDWARD the First.  

1 Edward Carnarvan, named afterwards Edward 2. son to K. Edward 1.  
2 Edward of Windsor, afterwards Edward the third.  
3 Edward the Black Prince, son to K. Edward 3.  
4 Richard of Bordeaux, son to the Black Prince, afterwards R. 2.  
5 Henry of Monmouth, son to Henry 4. afterwards H. 5.  
6 Henry of Windsor, the son of Henry 5. afterwards H. 6.  
7 Edward of Westminster, the son of K. H. 6.  
8 Edward of Westminster, the son of K. Edw. 4.  
9 Edward, the son of K. Richard the third.  
10 Arthur, the son of K. Henry the seventh.  
11 Henry, the son of K. H. 7. afterwards K. H. 8.  
12 Edward, the son of H. 8. afterwards K. Edw. 6.  
13 Marry, the daughter of K. H. 8.  
14 Elizabeth, the daughter of K. H. 8.  
15 HENRY, the son of K. JAMES our Sovereign.    

THE NAMES OF THE COUNTIES IN WALES (AS THEY ARE NOW NUMBERED, AND ANNEXED UNTO THE ENGLISH Crown) in such order as we have described them.  

1 Pembrokeshire.  
2 Caermardenshire.  
3 Glamorgan-shire.  
4 Brecknockshire.  
5 Radnor-shire.  
6 Cardiganshire.  
7 Mountgomery-shire.  
8 Merioneth-shire.  
9 Denbighshire.  
10 Flintshire.  
11 Caernarvonshire.  
12 Anglesey Isle.    


THE GENERAL DESCRIPTION, AND SEVERAL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES.  
Antiquity hath avouched, that the whole Isle of Britain was divided into three parts. The first and fairest lay contained within the French Seas, the Rivers of Severne, Dee, and Humber, called then Lhoyger, which name it ●●t retaineth in We●sh; in English called England. The second part occupied all the Land Northward from Humber to the Orkney Sea, called by the Latins, Mare Cale●nium, or Deucalidonium, now famously known by the name of Scotland The third part was this, lying betwixt the Irish Seas, the River's Severne and Dee, and was called Cambria, which name doth yet continue with them, though we, the English, call it Wales, as the people Welshmen, which is, strange and strangers; for so at this day the dwellers of tyrol in the higher Germany, whence our Saxons are said to have come, do name the Italian (their next neighbour) a Welshman, and his language Welsh.  

Verstegan lib. Rest●s. cap. 5.  (2) This opinion Verstegan doth altogether contradict, rather judging by the ancient Teutonicke tongue, which the Germans spoke and wherein the G is pronounced for W that these Saxons called them Gallish from the Gauls, whence their original proceeded, rather then Wallish from strangers: which he thinketh could not be, considering their habitations so near unto them; and that the like was in use, he proveth by the words of French, Guardian for Wardian, Cornugalles for Cornwalles, yea, and Galls for Wales, calling our most famous Edward, Prince of Galls, not Prince of Wales; in so much that the County of Lombardy, bordering along upon the Germans, was of them called Gall●a Cis al●ina, and at this day Welsh-land. So likewise do the Netherlanders call the Inhabitants of Hen●li and Artois, Wallen or Walloons, and s●me part of Brabant and Flanders, We●sh-Brabant, and Welsh Flanders, and all because of the language or lineage of the Gauls. Neither do the mere Natives of Wales know any other name of their Country then Cambria of themselves, than Cambri or Cumri, or of their language then Cambraoc. But leaving this opinion free to his affection, we will proceed.  

Offa made M●ar between his Kingdom and Wales.  (3) Wales therefore being anciently bounded as before, the Saxons did afterwards win by force from the Britain's, all the plain and champion Country over the River Dee; and especially Offa King of Mercia, made their limits straighter, by making a ditch of great breadth and depth, to be a Meare betwixth his Kingdom and Wales. This ditch is in many places to be seen at this day, and bears the name of Clawdh Offa, that is, Offaes' Ditch. The Country between it and England is commonly called the Marches, and is for the most part inhabited by Welshmen, especially in North-Wales, even to the River Dee. This admirable trench began at Bassingwerke in Flintshire, between Chester and Ruthlan, and ran along the hills to the South Sea, a little from Bristol, reaching above hundred miles in length.  

The breadth and length of Wales.  (4) Silvester Giraldus makes the River Wye to be the Mere between England and Wales, on the South part, called South-Wales: whence he ascribeth the breadth of Wales unto Saint david's in Menevia, to be an hundred miles; and the length from Caerlcon upon uske in Gwentland, to Holly-head in Anglesey, an hundred miles, he might have said thirty more.  

Rodericus Magnus divided it into three Regions, Ann. Christ. 870.  (5) About the year of Christ 870. our Alfred reigning in England, Rodericus Magnus King of Wales did divide it into three Talaiths, Regions, or Territories, which were called Kingdoms, whose names both British and English, with their several chief seats, follow.  

1 Gwyneth, ENG. Northwa. chief seats, Abersraw in Mon. or Anglesey.  
2 Powys, ENG. Powys Land. chief seats, 
* Shrewsbury.  Pengw●rn, removed to Mathraval.  
3 Dehenbarth, EN. Southw. chief seats, Caermar●yn, removed to Dinevowr.   
This Rodericus Magnus gave Venedotia, Gwineth or North-wales, to 
* D. Powel.  Anarawd his eldes son; to Calesh his second, Demetia, Deheubarth or South-wales; and to Mervin his third son, Powys.  

Gwyneth or North-wales.  (6) North-wales had upon the North-side, the Irish Sea, from the River Dee at Bassingwerke to Aberdyvi upon the West and South-west, the River Dyvi, which divideth it from South-wales, and in some places from Powysland And on the South and East, it is divided from Powys, sometimes with high hills, and sometimes with Rivers, till it come again to the River Dee. It is generally full of high mountains, craggy Rocks, great woods, and deep valleys, many strait dangerous places, deep and swift Rivers.  
(7) This Land was of old time divided into four parts, 
* Anglesey.  Mon, 
* Caernarvon.  Arvon, Meryonyth, and y Beruedhwlan, or the middle Country, and each of these were again divided into several Cantreves, and they subdivided into their Cymeden or Commo●, wherein we follow that division which was in the time of Llewylyn ap Gruffin, last Prince of Wales, according to a Copy imparted to me by a worshipful friend 
* M. Tate.  and learned Antiquerie, as seeming far more exact than that of 
* Hist. of Wales. Mon or Anglesey the first part of North-wales.  Doctor powel's.  
(8) Anglesey the chiefest, is separated from the main Land with the River, 
Beaumarish the chief town of Anglesey.  Moenay, wherein at Aberfraw was the Prince's Court, now a mean village. In this Island is a fair Town called Beaumarish, and a common passage to Ireland at Caer●ybi, in English, Holly head. This Anglesey hath ●antreves and Commots as followeth.  

1 Cantrerhi Aberffraw or Aberffro, Cwmwd. 
Llivon al. llion. 
1  Mall traeth. 
2    
2 Can. Cemais. Cwmwd. 
Talibolton. 
3  Twr celyn. 
4    
3 Can. Rossir. Cwmwd. 
Tendaethwy. 
5  Moenay. 
6     
(9) Arvon, 
Arvon or Caernarvon the second part of North-wales. Caernarvon the Shire-towne of the County of Carnarvan.  the second part of North-wales, is now called Canarvonshire, the strongest Country within that Principality, giving place to none for fertility of the ground, or for plenty of wood, cattle fish, and fowl, etc. Here are the Towns of Caernarvon, in old time called Caer-Segont, and Bangor the Bishops See, with divers other ancient Castles, and places of memory. This portion hath on the North, the Sea and Moenai; upon the East and Southeast, the River Conwey, which divideth it from Denbighshire: and on the South-west is separated from Merioneth, by Rivers, Mountains and Meres; whose Cantreves and Commots are these.  

4 Can. Aber. Cwm. 
Llechred achaf. 
7  Nant conwy. 
8  Llechweddisaf. 
9    
5 Can. Arvon. Cwm. 
Vwch gwyrfai. 
10  Is gwyrfai. 
11    
6 Can. Dinodyn. all Danodic. Cwm. 
Ardudwy. 
12  Esionydd. 
13    
7 Can. Llyn. Cwm. 
Cymymaen, alias Cwm●inam. 
14  Tinllaen. 
15  Canologion. 
16     
(10) Merioneth was the third of Gwyneth, 
Merioneth the third part of North-wales.  and keepeth the name till this day: is full of hills, and much noted for the resort of people that repair thither to take Herrings. Upon the North it hath Arvon and Denbighshire; upon the South, Caerdigan shire; and upon the Last, Montgomery-shire, heretofore part of Powys. In this County standeth the Town of Harlech, and a great Lake called Llyn Tegyd. This Country is likewise full of Cattle, Fowle, and Fish; and hath in it great store of red Deer and Ro●s, but there is much scarcity of Corn: whose Cantreves and Commots are as followeth.  

8 Can. Merionyd, all Meirton. Cwm. 
Talybont. 
17  Pennal. 
18  Yshm●ner, alias eshomaneyr. 
19    
9 Can. Arwystly. Cwm. 
Vwch coed. 
20  Is coed. 
21  Gwarthrynion. 
22    
10 Can. Penllyn. Cwm. 
Vwch Meloch. 
23  Is Meloch. 
24  Micnynt, a Micnaint. 
25     
(11) Y Bervedhwlad was the fourth part of Gwyneth, 
Y Bervedhwlad the fourth part of North-wales.  and may be called in English, The middle Country: is enclosed with hills, on the East, West, and South-parts, and with the Sea Northward. It is plentiful of Cattle, Fish and Fowl, as also of Corn: and is divided in the midst with the River Clayd▪ to which run a number of other Rivers from the hills. In this part is Dyffryn Clwyd, the fairest Valley within Wales, containing 
* D. Pow. Hist. of Wales.  eighteen miles in length, and seven in breadth. In which is the Town and Castle of Ricthlan, near unto the Sea; and not far thence, S. Assaph, an Episcopal Seat, between the Rivers Clwyd and Elwy. Herein stands the fair Town and goodly Castle of Denbigh, situated upon a Rock, the greatest Market-town of North wales: and from thence is seen the Town and Castle of Rutbyn, fair for prospect, and fruitful for site. This part of North-wales, hath the Sea upon the North; Dee toward the East; Arvon, the River Conwey, and Merionyth upon the West; and the Country then called Powys, upon this South. It hath Cantreves and Cummots, as ensuing 

11 Can. Rhysonioc all Rhywyniawc. Cwm. 
Vwch aled, al. alech. 
26  is aled, al. alech. 
27    
12 Cant. Ystrat. Cwm. 
Hiraethoc. 
28  Cynmeircb. 
29    
13 Can. Rhos. Cwm. 
Vwch●ulas. 
30  Is dulas. 
31  Ycrcuddyn. 
32    
14 Can. dyffrynn. Clwyd. Cwm. 
Oleon, al. Cwmwt colian v●l Colegion. 
33  Lian art, al. Cwmwt nannerch. 
34  Ruthun. 
35  Dogscilyn additur Cwm. Ystrat. 
36    
15 Can Tegaingl. Cwm. Inglefeild in Flint, 
Cwnallt, al. Cwmwt cwmseled, or cownsyllt. 
37  Prestatum, al. cwmwt prestan. 
38  Rhudhlan. 
39      
And these were the Meres and bounds of the four parts of Venedotia, Gwineth, or North-wales.   map of Wales 
WALES  

1 Can. Y. Barwm. Cwm. 
Dinmael. 
1  Edeirnion. 
2  Glyndy●●rdwy. 
3    
2 Can. Y. Rhiw. Cwm. 
jal. 
4  Ystrat alun. 
5  Yrhob. 
6    
3 Can Vwch. nant. Cwm. 
Maelor gymraci. 
7  Maelor saesonec. 
8  Merfford in Flintshire. 
9    
4 Can. Trefred. Cwm. 
Crows vain. 
10  Treu Owain. 
11  Crows Oswall. 
12    
5 Can. Rhoyader. Cwm. 
Mochnant is rhayadyr. 
13  Cynllaith. 
14  Nanbeudwy. 
15     

Powys between Wye and Severne, the second part belonging to Mathraval.  (13) The second part of Powis, or the Territory belonging to Mathraval, is Powis between Wye and Severne, (or Gwy and Hauren) whereof some is at this day in Montgomery-shire, some in Radnor-shire, and some in Brecknockshire▪ and among sundry other, hath these Towns and Castles following.  
Moantgovery: The Castle of Clin: The Town of Knighton: The Castle of Cymaron: Presteyn: The town and Castle of Radnor, called in Welsh, Ma●syvet, which is at this day the Shire-towne: The town of Kinton, and the Castle of Huntingdon. The Cantreves and Commots are in number and name as ensueth.  

6 Can. Melienyd. Cwm. 
Ceri. 
16  Swyd dugr al. said y gre. 
17  Triallalli al. Rhy. Wallakt. 
18  Glyn jeitbton. 
19    
7 Can. Elfael. Cwm. 
Vwch mine yah. 
20  Is mynydb. 
21  Llechdyunoc. 
22    
8 Can. Y. Clawed. Cwm. 
Dyffryn Tyvediad al. Teyvediat. 
23  Swyddinogion al. dhyvogen. 
24  Penwellt. 
25    
9 Can. Buellt. Cwm. 
Swyd y dreulies. 
26  Swyd y bham. 
27  I●yrron al. isyrwon. 
28     

Powys Wenwynwyn the third part of Mathraval.  (14) The third part belonging to Mathraval (chief seat of Powys, after the Welsh were driven from Pengwern or Shrewsbury) was Powys Wenwynwyn; a Country full of Woods, Hills, and Rivers, having in it among others, the towns of Welsh, Poole, Newtowne, Machinlbaeth: Arustly was anciently in this part, but afterward it came to the Princes of Gwyneth. The Cantreves and Commots thereof ensue.  

10 Can. Y. Virnwy. Cwm. 
Mochnant uwchrhayadr. 
29  Mechamis coed. 
30  Llanner hudol. 
31    
11 Can. ystlys al. ystlic. Cwm. 
Deudwr. 
32  Gordwrisalh. 
33  Gordwr uchau. 
34  Ystrat marchell. 
35    
12 Can. Llyswynau. Cwm. 
Caer Einion. 
36  Mechain Vwchcoed. 
37    
13 Can. Cydewen. Cwm. 
Cynan. 
38  Hauren. 
39    
14 Can. Cynan. Cwm. 
Cyfe●lioc. 
40  Mawdhwy. 
41     
This may suffice, for the description of that which in old time was called Gwyneth and Powys.  

South-wales the third Kingdom.  (15) It now remaineth that we describe the last Kingdom of Wales, called Demetia, Deheubarth, or the Telaith of Dinevowr, which although it was the greatest, yet was it not the best, because it was much molested with Flemings & Normans, and for that also divers parts thereof would not obey their Prince, as in Gwent, and in Morganwc.  

Cardigan the first part of South-wales.  (16) This was subdivided into six parts, of which Caerdigan was the first, and is a Champion Country, without much wood. It hath Merionyth shire on the North: part of Powys upon the East: Carmarden-shire and Pembrokeshire, with the River Tivi, upon the South: and upon the West the Irish Sea. 
The town of Caerdigan.  In this part is the town of Cardigan upon Tivi, not far from the Sea; as also the town of Aberystwyth upon the River Istwyth; and Lhanbadarnevawr, which in times past was a great Sanctuary: there were also many Castles; as of Stra●meyrie, of Walter, of Llanrysted, of Dynerth, and of Aber Roydoll, etc. The Cantreves and Commots of Caerdigan are thus reckoned.  

1 Can. Pennedic al. Penwedic. Cwm. 
Geneur glyn. 
1  Perked. 
2  Creudyn 
3    
2 Can. Canawl. Cwm. 
Mefenyd. 
4  Anhiniawc al. Anhunec. 
5  Pennarih. 
6    
3 Can. Cadell al. Cadall. Cwm. 
Mab wynion. 
7  Cacrwedros'. 
8    
4 Can. Isirwern al. Syrwen. Cwm. 
Gwinionyd. 
9  Iscoed. 
10     

Dyvet or Pembroke the second part of South-wales.  (17) The second part was called Dyvett, and is at this day Penbrokeshire. It hath upon the North and West, the Irish Sea; upon the East, Carmarden-shire; and upon the South, Severne. There are in it sundry Towns and Havens: among others, these: Penbroke: Tinby: Here●ord West, with the goodly and many branched Haven of Milford, called in Welsh, Aberdaugledhett: S. david's, or Mevevia, which is the chiefest See in Wales: Fiscard, called Abcrwayn: and Nowport, named Tresda●th. The Cantreves and Commots thereof are thus accounted.  

Dyved.  
1 Can. Emlyn. Cwm. 
Vmch cuch. 
6  Is cuch. 
7  Esaellevaethyr, al. Lethet●yr. 
8    
2 Can. Aberth. Cwm. 
Penthyn are elais. 
9  Esgair olyse al. estcrokf. 
10  Talacharn. 
11    
3 Can. Dangleden. Cwm. 
Amgoed. 
12  Pennant. 
13  Ef●lffre. 
14    
4 Can. Coed. Cwm. 
Llanhacheden. 
15  Castollgwis. 
16    
5 Can. Penuro. Cwm. 
Co●dir baf. 
17  Ma●nor vyrr. 
18  Penuro. 
19    
6 Can. Rhos. Cwm. 
Hwlffordh. 
20  Castell gwalchmai. 
21  y garn. 
22    
7 Can. Pebidiaw. Cwm. 
Mynyw. 
23  Pen caer. 
24  Pebidioc. 
25    
8 Can. Camais. Cwm. 
Vwch nefer. 
26  Is nefer. 
27  Trefdraeth. 
28    
9 Can. Finior. Cwm. 
Harsryn. 
29  Dersed. 
30  ●●●geneny. 
31     
(18) The third par● was Caermardenshire, 
Caermardenshire the third part of South-wales.  which is a Country accounted the strongest part of all South-wales: as that which is full of high mountains, great woods, and fair rivers, divided into these parts ensuing.  

10 Can. Phinioc. Cwm. 
Hirsryn. 
32  Peruedh. 
33  Is cenhen. 
34    
11 Can. Eginoc. Cwm. 
Gwhyr. 
35  Cydweli. 
36  Carnwyllion. 
37    
12 Can. Bychan. Cwm. 
Mallaen. 
38  Caed. 
39  Maenor deivi al. Deilo. 
40    
13 Can. Mawr. Cwm. 
Cethinioc. 
41  Mab eluyd al. El●yw. 
42  Mab V●hdrud. 
43     
(19) The fourth, called Morganwc, now Glamorgan-shire, 
Glamorgan-shire the fourth part of South-wales.  hath on the South, the Severne Sea, which divideth it from Devon-shire and Cornwall: upon the West and Northwest. Caermardenshire: upon the North-east, Brecknock shire; and upon the East, Monmouth-shire: whose Cantreves and Commots are as followeth.  

Morgannwe. 
Rhw●g Neth a Thawy. 
44    
14 Cronerth. al. Cronarth. Cwm. 
Rhwng Neth ac avan. 
45  Tir ythwndred. 
46  Tir yrbarll. 
47  Macnor glyn Ogwr. 
48  Meliscen. 
49    
15 Can. Pen. ythew. Cwm. 
Glynn Rhodne. 
50  Macnor daily van al. talavan. 
51  Macnor Rhuthun. 
52    
16 Can. Brenhinawl. Cwm. 
Cibwrn. 
53  Saing henyd. 
54  Vwch Cayach. 
55  Is Cayach. 
56    
17 Can. Gwennllws. Cwm. 
Your Haid, al. yr hard ganol. 
57  Cenawl. 
58  Cithas, al. eitha● dylg gion. 
59  dlygton. 
60     
(20) The fifth, now called Gwent, and in Monmouth-shire, 
Gwent the fifth part of South-wales.  hath in it the ancient City of Caerlheon upon Vsk. There are also divers Towns and Castles, as Chepstow, Glynstrygul, Ros, Tynterne upon the River Wye, etc. This is a fair and fertile Country. It hath on the West, Glamorgan and Brocknock-shires: upon the North, Hereford-shire: upon the East, Gloucestershire: with the River Wye and the River Severne upon the South and Southeast: whose division is as followeth.  

18 Can. such coet gwent. Cw. 
Vwchmynydh. 
61  it ●oed. 
62  Llefynyd. 
63  Tref y grew. 
64    
19 Can. Iscoed. Cwm. 
Bryn Bugas. 
65  Vwchcoed. 
66  Ytairlief. 
67  Ergin. 
68  Enas. 
69    
Cantreu Coach, or Forest Avena, the Forest of Deane. 70   
(21) The last is Brecknockshire, 
Brecknockshire the sixth part of South-wales.  for the most part full of mountains, woods, and rivers. This Country is both great and large, being full of fair Plains and Valleys for Corn: it hath plenty of thick Woods, Forests, and Parks. It is full also of clear and deep Rivers, of which Severne is the chiefest, although there be other fair Rivers, as Vske and the like.  

Brychee vioc.  
20 Can. Selyf. Cwm. 
Selyf. 
71  Trahayarne. 
72    
21 Can. Canawl. Cwm. 
Talgarth. 
73  Ystrat yw. 
74  Eglwys jaiil or Brwynllys. 
75    
22 Can. Mawr. Cwm. 
Tir Ranwlff al. Raulph. 
76  Lliwel. 
77  Cruc Howel 30. 
78     
(22) Thus far concerning the ancient Welsh division by Talaiths Cantreves, and Commots: but the present division distributeth them more compendiously into two Countries, and twelve Shires, enacted so by Parliament under King 
* An. 35. c. 25.  Henry the eight. The Countries are North-wales and South-wales, which have shared, and as it were devoured between them, all Powysland; each of which Countries contains six Shires.  

North-wales. Angelesey. South-wales. Caerdigan.  
North-wales. Caernarvon. South-wales. Pembroke.  
North-wales. Merionyth. South-wales. Carmarden.  
North-wales. Denbigh. South-wales. Glamorgan.  
North-wales. Flint. South-wales. Brecknock.  
North-wales. Montgomery. South-wales. Radnor.   
But whereas Monmouth-shire, and Radnor, were anciently parts, the first of South-wales, the other of Powysland: Monmouth-shire by 
* An. 27. c. 27.  Act of Parliament also under the same King, was plucked away wholly from Wales, and laid to England, one of whose Counties and Shires, it was from that time forward, and is at this present reckoned; and Radnor-shire (as it were in lieu thereof) is comprehended in South-wales. Humphrey Hluyd a Welsh Gentleman, in his Epistle and Map of old Wales, maketh mention of a West-wales, which he calleth Demetia and Dyfer, the one the Latin, and the other the British name thereof: but because it is wholly swallowed up by this last division, we will not perplex the Reader with superfluous and impertinent recitals.   

PEMBROKESHIRE. CHAPTER III.  

Pembrokeshire bounds.  PEMBROKESHIRE, the furthest Promontory of all West-Wales, lieth parted on the North from Cardiganshire with the Rivers Tyvy and Keach; and on the East is confronted by Caermardenshire; the South and West shooting far into the Irish Seas, is with the same altogether washed.  

The Form.  (2) The form thereof is longer than it is broad; for from S. Govens South-point to Cardigan-bridge in the North, are twenty six miles; the Eastern Landenie to Saint David's point in the West, are twenty, the whole in circumference is ninety-three miles.  

The Air. Giral.  (3) The air is passing temperate, by the report of Giraldus, who confirmeth his reason from the site of Ireland, against which it butteth, and so near adjoined, that King Rufus thought it possible to make a bridge of his ships over the Sea, 
Cambden.  whereby he might pass to Ireland on foot.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) Anciently it was possessed by the Demetia, further branched into Cardigan and Caermarden-shires, as in that County hath been said, and in the Saxons Conquest and Heptarchy, by the Britaines forced into those parts for refuge, whither Henry the first, 
Henry the first planted Netherlanders in this Shire.  and third of the Normans King, sent certain Flemings (whose Country was overwhelmed with the breaking in of the Seas) to inhabit the maritime Tract called Rosse, lying West upon the River Dougledye. These Dutchmen (saith Giraldus) were a strong and stout Nation, enured to wars, and accustomed to seek gain by Clothing, Traffic, and Tillage, and ever ready for the Field to fight it out: adding withal that they were most loyal to the English, and most faithful to the Englishmen. Whereupon Malmesbury writeth thus: Many a time did King William Rufus assail the Welsh, but ever in vain: which is to be wondered at, considering his other fortunate success. But (saith he) it may be the unevenness of the ground, and sharpness of the air, that maintained their courage, and impeached his valour: 
W. Malm. lib. 5.  which to redress, King Henry his brother found means; for those Flemings, who in regard of his mother's kindred by the Father's side, sorely pestered and endamaged the English, he sent into Wales, both to purge and disburden his own Kingdom, and to quell and keep back the courage of his enemies. These then here seated, deceived not his expectation, but so carried themselves in his quarrel, that they seldom communicated with their neighbours, so that to this day they speak not the Language, and the Country is yet called Little England beyond Wales.  

The Commodities.  (5) The commodities of this Shire are Corn, Cattle, Sea-fish, and Fowl, and in Giraldus his days of saleable wines, the Havens being so commodious for ships arrivage: such is that at Tenby, and Milford, an Haven of such capacity, that sixteen Creeks, five Bays, and thirteen Roads, known all by several names, are therein contained, where Henry of Richmond, of most happy memory, arrived with signal hopes of England's freedom from under the government of an usurping Tyrant.  
(6) Near unto this is Pembroke the Shire-towne seated, 
Pembroke the chief Town.  more ancient in show than it is in years, and more houses without Inhabitants, than I saw in any one City throughout my Survey. It is walled longwise, and them but indifferent for repair, containing in circuit eight hundred and fourscore pases, having three gates of passage, and at the West end a large Castle, and locked-causey, that leads over the water to the decayed Priory of Monton. The site of this Town is in the degree of Longitude, as Mercator doth measure, 14. and 55. minutes, and the elevation from the North-pole in the degree of Latitude 52.  
(7) A City as barren is old Saint david's, 
S. david's.  neither clad with Woods, nor garnished with Rivers, nor beautified with fields, nor adorned with Meadows, but lieth always open both to wind and storms. Yet hath it been a Nursery to holy men; for herein lived Calphurnius, a Britain Priest, whose wife was Concha, sister to Saint Martin, and both of them the parents of Saint Patrick the Apostle of Ireland. Devi a most religious Bishop, made this an archiepiscopal See, removed from Isca Legionum. This the Bitaines call Tuy Dwey, the house of Devi; the Saxons, Davyo Mynden; we Saint David's; A City with few Inhabitants, & no more houses than are inserted in the draught; yet hath it a fair Cathedral Church, dedicated to S. Andrew and David, in the midst of whose Quire lieth entombed Edmund Earl of Richmond, 
Edmund Earl of Richmond.  father to K. Henry the seventh: whose Monument (as the prebend's told me) spared their Church from other defacements, when all went down under the hammers of King Henry the eight. About this is a fair wall, and the Bishop's Palace all of free stone, a goodly house I assure you, and of great receipt, whose uncovered tops cause the curious works in the walls daily to weep, 


Castles.  
1. Kilgarren.  
2. Newport.  
3. Marberbury.  
4. Walwin cast.  
5. Roch cast.  
6. The Block-house.  
7. Haverford.  
8. Benton.  
9 Carew cast.  
10. Red castle.  
11. Narbarth.  
12. Pickton.  
13. Rise cast.  
14. Castle Bigh.  
15. Castle Male.  
16. Hayes.    and them to fear their downfall ere long.  
(8) But Monton the Priory, and S. Dogmels, places of devout piety erected in this County, found not the like favour, when the commission of their dissolutions came down against them, and the axes of destruction cut down the props of their walls.  
(9) This Shire hath been strengthened with sixteen Castles, besides two Blockhouses, commanding the mouth of Milford Haven, and is still traded in five Market-towns, being divided into seven hundreds and in them seated one hundred forty five Parish-Churches, as in the Table annexed followeth.   map of Pembrokeshire 
PENBROKSHYRE described AND THE SITTUATIONS both of PENBROKE and St. DAVID'S showed in due form as they were taken by john Speed  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Pembrokeshire.  

HUNDREDS in Pembrokeshire.  

1. KIlgarran.  
2. Kemes  
3. Dewyslave.  
4. Dungledy.  
5. Rowse.  
6. Narberth.  
7. Castle-Martyn   


A  
Ambleston, Dung.  
Amrothe, Nar.  
S. Anne chapel, Rows.  
S. Ayluew, Dew.    


B  
Bayvill, Kem.  
Benton castle, Rows.  
Bigelly, Nar.  
The Bishop and his Clarks, Dew  
Bletherstone, Dung.  
Blookhouse, Cast  
Blookhouse, Rows.  
Boheston, Nar.  
Bolton hill, Rows.  
Bosherston, Cast  
Boyvill, Kem.  
S. Brides, Rows.  
S. Bride's Island, Rows.  
Broad haven, Cast  
Brody, Dew.  
Bridle, Kil.  
Bulston, Dung.  
Burlaxton, Cast  
Burton, Rows.    


C  
Caldey Island, Cast  
Camros, Rows.  
Cannaston, Nar.  
Capell colman, Kil.  
Capell Kiluerwir, Kil.  
Capell castelhan, Kil.  
Capell Michangell, Kem.  
Capell daniel's, Cast  
Capell Gorid, Dew.  
South Carew, Cast  
Carew, Nar.  
Castle-bighe, Kem.  
Castle-henry, Kem.  
Castle-martin, cast.  
Castle-male, Kem.  
S. Catherins', Dew.  
Clarbeston, Dung.  
Cleydei, Kil.  
Clethy flu.  
Clothy flu.  
Coidrath forest, Nar.  
Coidhenles, Nar.  
Cosheston, cast.  
The Cow and the Calf, Dew.  
Creno, Nar.  
Creswell, Nar.  
Crosford, cast.  
Crunuaier, Nar.  
Crynowe, Dung.    


D  
Dale, Rows.  
Dale rock, Rows.  
S. david's, Dew.  
S. David's head, Dew.  
S. Dogmels, Kem.  
S. Dogwells, Dew.  
Doluath haven, Dew.  
Dungledye flu.  
Dynas, Kem.  
Dynas' head, Kem.  
Dynnaston, Nar.    


E  
Earware, Nar.  
S. Edryns, Dew.  
Egremond, Nar.  
Egloiswithen, Kem.  
Eglosserow, Kem.  
S. Eluywes, Dew.  
Esington, cast.    


F  
ferry house, Cast  
FISHGARD, Kem.  
The Fleet, cast.  
S. florence, cast.  
The Flit, cast.  
Flymston, cast.  
Freistrope, Rows.  
Freshwater, cast.  
Freshwater Flu.    


G  
Gateholme Island, Rows.  
Gelswicke, Rows.  
Giltor point, cast.  
Goltop road, Rows.  
S. gower's, cast.  
S. gower's point, cast.  
Graftone, Dew.  
Gromsfreston, Nar.  
Gupton, cast.  
Gwyne flu.    


H  
Haiscastle, Dew.  
Haradstone, alias S. Ismaells, Row.  
Harberston, Rows.  
Hareston wes●, Rows.  
Harismote, Kem.  
Hascard, Rows.  
Little Haven, Rows.  
HAVERFORD WEST, Row  
Hentl●nd, cast.  
Hockwood. Rows.  
Hoge●ton, cast.  
The Horse, Dew.  
Haberston, Rows.    


I  
jameston, cast.  
johnson, Rows.  
jordanston, Dew.  
jesfreston, Nar.  
S. Ismaells, Rows.  
S. Issells, Nar.    


K  
S. Katerens' rock, cast.  
S. Katterns, Dew.  
Keach Flu.  
Keirkmale, cast.  
Keirkmahern, cast.  
Keven bryn, Kil.  
Kilguyne, Kem.  
Kilgarran, Kil.  
Kilpaston, cast.  
Kilredin, Kil.  
Kiluane, Nar.  
Kingsrode, Rows.  
Knowlton, Rows.    


L  
Lady Chapel, cast.  
Lamston, Rows.  
Llanbederuerfrey, Nar.  
Llandeloy, Dew.  
Llandewy, Nar.  
Llandisillio, Dung.  
Llandilo, Kem.  
Llanedryn, Dew.  
Llangan, Dung.  
Llanglas head, Dew.  
Llangolman, Kem.  
Llangone, Rows.  
Llanhaddon, Dung.  
Llanhowell, Dew.  
Llanllawharne, Kem.  
Llanpeter, Nar.  
Llanrythan, Dew.  
Llanryan, Dew.  
Llanstadwell, Rows.  
Llanstynan, Dew.  
Llantfray, Cast  
Llantfray court, Cast  
Llantood, Kil.  
Llanuair nantygove, Kem.  
Llanuallteg, Dung.  
Llanuienaghe, Kem.  
Llanuihangell penpedo, Kil.  
Llanunda, Dew.  
Llanuurnach, Kil.  
Llanwrenny, Nar.  
Llanychaeth, Kem.  
Llanychlloydog, Kem.  
Llanykeven, Dung.  
Lamphey, Cast  
Lamston, Rows.  
Lawhaden, Dung.  
Lawreny, Nar.  
S. Laurence, Dew.  
S. leonard's chapel, Dung.  
Letterston, Dew.  
Levaston, Cast  
Loveston, Nar.  
Ludchurch, Nar.  
Ludsop, Cast  
Ludsop point, Cast  
Lynyerew, Cast  
Lly●yuran, Dung.    


M  
Maunclochog, Kem.  
Manachllogddy, Kem.  
Maverbyre, Cast  
Manernawen, Dew.  
S. Margret's Chapel, Rows.  
Marlas, Rows.  
Martletwy, Nar.  
Meherye hill, Nar.  
Meherye Castle, Nar.  
Melyney, Kem.  
Menerdyvy, Kil.  
Merian, Cast  
Mewston, Rows.  
Milford haven, Rows.  
Midland Island, Rows.  
Moelgrove, Kem.  
Monington, Kem.  
Morthry, Dew.  
Moruill, Kem.  
The More, Kem.  
Mouncton, Nar.  
Mouncton, Cast  
Mucton Chapel, Nar.  
Munkerston rock, Nar.  
Mynwere, Nar.    


N  
Nangle, Cast  
Nantgwyne, Kem.  
Narberth, Nar.  
Narberth forest, Nar.  
Nashe, Cast  
Nesseton, Rows.  
Nuerne Flu.  
Neverne, Kem.  
Newcastle, Kem.  
Newmoate, Dung.  
NEWPORT, Kem.  
Newton, Rows.  
Newton, Cast  
Newton, Nar.  
S. Nicholas, Dew.  
Nolton, Rows.  
S. Nones, Dew.  
Northard, Cast  
Northard, Cast    


O  
Orleton, Cast  
Osmaston, Dung.    


P  
Paterchurch, Cast  
Penallye, Cast  
PENBROCK. Cast  
Pencelly vych●n, Kem.  
Penkenmas point Kem.  
Penner west, Cast  
Penner east, Cast  
Penner mouth, Cast  
Penrith, Kil.  
Pentuaen, Kem.  
Percely hill, Kem.  
S. Petrox, Cast  
Pickton castle Dung.  
Plumston rock, Rows.  
Pontuaine, Kem.  
Popton east, Cast  
Popton west, Cast  
Portolais, Dew.  
Pouchardston, Kem.  
Prendergast, Dung.  
The Priory, Rows.  
Pulchrochan, Cast  
Pylles, Rows.    


R  
Ramsey Island, Dew.  
Rate Island, Cast  
Redboxton, Dung.  
Red castle, Nar.  
Redhart.  
Rednalston, Nar.  
Rieston, Dew.  
Rihye rock, Dew.  
Rise castle point, Dung.  
Robeston, Nar.  
Robeston, Rows.  
Roche, Rows.  
Roche castle, Rows.  
Roche castle hill, Rows.  
Roscrochan, Cast  
Rosse Market, Rows.  
Rynoston, Dung.  
Rywalton, Nar.    


S  
Sandy, Rows.  
Sandy haven, Rows.  
Scaline Island, Rows.  
Sheep Island, Rowse.  
Shirlate rock, Dew.  
Sister houses, Nar.  
Slebeche, Dung.  
Spittle, Dung.  
Stack rock, Cast  
Stackpole, Cast  
Stackpoole orde, Cast  
S. Stevens, Dew.  
Steynton● Rows.  
Stokeholme Island, Rows.  
Strumblehead, Dew.    


T  
Telbeny, Rows.  
Templeton, Nar.  
Travegare, Dew.  
Trelloyne, Cast  
Trevenyth, Dew.  
Trevethell, Kem.  
Trewgarne, Rows.  
Trewent, Cast  
S. Twynelles, Cast  
TYNBY, Nar.  
Tyvy Flu.    


V  
Vggarston mill, Cast  
Vpton, Nar.    


W  
Wallwyn castle, Rows.  
Walton, Rows.  
Walton, Dung.  
Whitchurch, Kem.  
Whitechurch, Dew.  
Whitsand bay, Dew.  
Williamston, Nar.  
Wiston, Dung.  
Withamston park, Nar.  
Woram, Cast  
Wrennyvair hill, Kil.    


Y  
Yarbeston, Nar.  
Yardlandstone, Rows.       

CAERMARDENSHIRE. CHAPTER FOUR  
CAERMARDENSHIRE, so called from the chief Town Caermarden, 
The name of this Shire.  lieth bordered upon the North with Cardiganshire, upon her East, by Breknock and Glamorgan-shires; upon the South, with a Bay of the British Seas; and upon the West with Pembrokeshire.  

The Form.  (2) The form of this County is long, and shooteth itself from the South-west into the North and by-East, betwixt whose furthest bounds are thirtie-five English miles, and in her broadest part twenty; the whole in circumference about one hundred and two miles.  

The Air.  (3) This Shire is not altogether so pestered with hills as her bordering neighbours are: and those that she hath, neither so high nor so thick, and therefore is better for Corn and Pasturage, yea and in Woods also, so that for victuals this Country is very well stored, which the stomach doth as well digest, the air being wholesome, temperate, and pleasing.  

The ancient Inhabitants of this Shire.  (4) Anciently these parts were possessed by the Dimetre, as P●olemie, Gildas, and Ninius do name them: though Pliny holds opinion that they were part of the Silureses, with whom no doubt they were subdued to the Romans yoke by julius Frontinus, when he struggled with the rocky hills in those Southern parts. 
Tacitus in vita Agricol●.  And this County is accounted by Writers to be the very strength of South-wales. In the West thereof, at Kilmanlloid (as it should seem) their Legions kept, where lately an earthen Pot hoarded with store of Roman Coins, 
Cambden.  was by the spade digged up, being stamped upon embased silver, from the time of Commodus unto the first Tribuneship of Gordian the third, which fell in the year of Christ two hundred forty three: and amongst these were the Coins of Helvius Pertinax, Marcus Opellius, Antonius Diadumenianus, julius Verus Maximus, the son of Maximus, of Caelius Balbinus, of Clodius Pupienus, of Aquilia Severa, the wife of Heliogabalus, and of Sall. Barbia Orbiana, pieces rarely found.  

The commodities.  (5) The commodities of this Shire chiefly consist in Cattle, Pit-coale, Fowl, and Sea-fish, whereof the Salmon is common among them, and that of such greatness and plenty, as no place is better furnished therewith then the Shire-Town Caermarden is.  

The chief Town.  (6) Which Town by Ptolemie is called Maridunum; by Antonine the Emperor, Muridunum; by the Britain's, Caerfridhin; and by us, Caermarden. It is pleasantly seated upon the South-west side of the River Tovy, that runneth thorough the midst of this Shire, and falleth South from hence into the British Sea, where before-times was a convenient Haven for Ships arrivage, but now is sore pestered with sands and shelves: notwithstanding some small Vessels ascend up the River, even unto the Bridge of this Town, which is fairly built of free stone. And over the same, upon a hanging Rock, standeth a very large Castle, from whose stone-wall another intermingled with brick rangeth about the Town, being in circuit one thousand and four hundred paces. The Inhabitants of this place do not a little glory of their Merlin, who (as they say) was therein borne, the son of a bad Angel, or of an Incubus spirit, the Britain's great Apollo, whom Geffrey ap Arthur would rank with the Scoth-saying Seer, or rather with the true Prophets themselves; being none other than a mere Seducer and fantastical Wizard: 
Me●lin a fantastical Wizard.  which howsoever Alani de Insulis in his Commentaries hath laboured to unlock those dark and hidden Similes, wherewith his book is pestered and full, yet was it not without cause forbid the reading by the Council of Tren●, as vain, and not worthy of countenance or credit.  
At the entrance of the Normans, this Town was brought under their obedience, and for a long time was distressed with the calamities of war, yet afterwards was made by the English Princes the Chancery and Exchequer for all South-wales: and at this day is yearly governed by a Major, who ever after is an Alderman and Justice of the Peace, two Sheriffs elected out of sixteen Burgesses, all of them in scarlet, a Sword-bearer, a Town-clerke, and two Sergeants with Maces: from whence the Pole is raised 52. degrees 15. minutes in Latitude, and for Longitude is in the degree 15. and 30. minutes from the first point in the West, according to Mercator.  
(7) East from this place are the ruins of Carreg-Castle, 
Carreg-Castle.  which stood mounted on a high hill, under the which many vaults and spacious Caves far into the ground are seen, wherein is thought the people unable to fight, were therein secured in time of their wars. Where also is a Well (take the report from Giraldus, who writeth it) that in this place twice in four and twenty hours ebbing, and twice flowing, resembleth the unstable motions of the main Sea.  
(8) This Shire is watered with twenty-eight Rivers and Riverets of name, 
The Rivers and Market-Towns.  strengthened with ten Castles, traded in six Market-Towns, divided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated fourscore and seven Parish-Churches, whose names are inserted in the Table following.   map of Carmarthenshire 
Anno Domini 1010 CAERMARDEN Both Shire and Town described  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Caermardenshire.  

HUNDREDS in Caermardenshire.  

1. CAthinok.  
2. Cayo.  
3. Perueth.  
4. Kidwellye.  
5. Elluet.  
6. Derllys.   


A  
Abarmarlas, Cayo.  
Abergerlech, Cathinok.  
Abergwillye, Elluet.  
Aberwenly, Kidwell.  
Amond Flu.    


B  
Bachhannis Island, Kidwell.  
Bettus, Kidwell.  
Bettus, Elluet.  
Brane Flu.  
Brechua ygothy, Cathinok.    


C  
CAERMARDEN, Elluet.  
Caier Flu.  
Calicote point, Kidwell.  
Cardyth Forest, Derllys.  
Castle Carreg, Kidwell.  
Carthkenye Flu.  
Cledagh Flu.  
S. Cleres, Derllys.  
Combeny Flu.  
Comgwilye, Elluet.  
Conwill Elluet, Elluet.  
Conwillgaio, Cayo.  
Cothy Flu.  
Cowen Flu.    


D  
Denever Castle, Cayo.  
Capell Dewye, Kidwell.  
Dula's Flu.  
Dula's Flu.  
Dalashe Flu.  
Druston Castle, Cayo.  
Capell Duthgye, Kidwell.  
Castle Dyram, Derllys.    


E  
Ebernant, Elluet.  
Egermont, Derllys.  
Eglosuaier aching, Derllys.  
Eglosuaier, Derllys.  
Eglyskymyn, Derllys.  
Capell Euan. Elluet.    


G  
Glanranelthe, Elluet.  
Glyn, Kidwell.  
Golden grove, Kidwell.  
Capell Gunllo, Kidwell.  
Gwendrath vaure Flu.  
Capell Gwenvye▪ Kidwell.  
Gwilye Flu.    


H  
Hawton, Kidwell.  
Heullan amgoed, Derllys.    


I  
S. Ismaels', Kidwell.  
S. Ismaels' point, Kidwell.  
Istrad merther, Kidwell.  
Istradworell, Elluet.  
Istradwalter, Perueth.  
Istrodfyne, Perueth.    


K  
Keach Flu.  
Kennarth, Elluet.  
KIDWELLYE, Kidwell.  
Kiffike, Derllys.  
Kilcombe, Cayo.  
Kilmaenlloid, Derllys.  
Kilredyn, Elluet.  
Kilsant, Derllys.  
Kiluargon, Cathinok.  
Kilycon, Cayo.    


L  
Llanarthney, Kidwell.  
Llaubrayne, Perueth.  
Llanboydy, Derllys.  
Llanbyther, Cathinok.  
Llandach, Derllys.  
Llandebea, Kidwell.  
Llandebye, Kidwell.  
Capell Llandedery, Kidwell.  
Llandessillio, Derllys.  
Llandilo Iskenen, Kidwell.  
Llandingate, Perueth.  
Llandingat in Cayo, Cayo.  
Llandevaylog, Kidwell.  
Llandevayson, Cayo.  
Llandylo in Peruethe, Perueth.  
Llandylo abercowen, Derllys.  
LLANDILO in Cayo, Cayo.  
Llanedye, Kidwell.  
Llanegwad in Cathinok, Cathinok.  
Llanegwad in Elluet, Elluet.  
Llanellye, Kidwell.  
LLANELTHYE, Kidwel.  
LLANGADOKE, Perueth.  
Llangainge, Derllys.  
Llangann, Derllys.  
Llangather, Cathinok.  
Llangathan, Cayo.  
Llangeller, Elluet.  
Capell Llangellbithon, Kidw.  
Llangenarth, Kidw.  
Llanghor Flu.  
Llanglodwen, Derllys.  
Llangomer, Kidw.  
Llangynn, Derllys.  
Llangynderum, Kidw.  
Llangynnok, Derllys.  
Llanharne, Derllys.  
Llanhedy, Derllys.  
Llanllawthog, Elluet.  
Capell Llanlloch, Elluet.  
Llanllonye, Cathinok.  
Capell Llanpymsent, Cayo.  
Llanpymsaint, Elluet.  
Llansadorn, Perueth.  
Llansadornen, Derl.  
Llansant, Kidw.  
Llansawill, Cayo.  
Llanstephan, Derl.  
Llantharoke, Kidw.  
Capell Llanthithgayne, Kidw.  
Llanthonor, Derl.  
Llanthowie, Perueth.  
Llanthoysant, Perueth.  
Llannun, Kidw.  
Llanvair arbryn, Perueth.  
Llanvaier, Derl.  
Llanualteg, Derl.  
Llanuenith, Cathinok.  
Llanvyhangell Abercowen, Derl.  
Llanvyhangell Orarth, Cathinok.  
Llanvyhangell Aberbythyth, Kidw.  
Llanwenye, Derl.  
Llanwrda, Cayo.  
Llauwnnyo, Derl.  
Llanycrise in Cayo, Cayo.  
Llanycrois in Cathinok, Cathin.  
Llanyhangell ugwely, Elluet.  
LLANYMTHEFRY, Perueth.  
Llanyhangell Roscorne, Cathinok.  
Lleghdeny, Kidw.  
Lloynhowell, Cayo.  
Lloughor Flu.    


M  
Marlas Flu.  
Marros, Derl.  
Mathern Flu.  
Merthyr, Elluet.  
Morlas Flu.  
Mothvay, Perueth.  
Muthvey Flu.  
Mydrym, Derl.    


N  
Newcastle Emlyn, Elluet.  
Newchurch, Elluet.  
Capell Newith, Perueth.  
Newton, Cayo.  
S. Nicholas, Elluet.    


P  
Parkreame, Kidw.  
Penbray point, Kidw.  
Penbeyt, Elluet.  
Penbrey, Kidw.  
Capell Pencader, Cathinok.  
Pencarrek, Cathinok.  
Pendyne, Derl.  
Penwernolye, Cathinok.  
Pescotter Flu.  
Prenagrois, Kidw.  
Capell Pylin, Perueth.    


S  
Sauthey Flu.    


T  
Tave Flu.  
Talacouth, Elluet.  
Talley, Cayo.  
Towa Flu.  
Towy Flu.  
Towy haven, Derl.  
Trausnant, Flu.  
Treleghe, Elluet.  
Trynsaren, Kidw.  
Turch Flu.  
Turghe Flu.  
Tylo, Kidw.  
Tyvy Flu.    


W  
Whitland, Derl.       


How this Shire took his name.  GLAMORGAN-SHIRE, as some think, named from Prince Morgan the possessor thereof, or according to others, is taken from Morgan an Abbey, founded by William Earl of Gloucester, upon the Sea-shoare in the South of this Shire, lieth bounded upon that part altogether with the British Sea; the West by Loghor, is parted from Caermardenshire; the North butteth upon the County of Breknok; and the East by Remney is divided from Monmouth.  

The Form of it and measure.  (2) The form of this Shire groweth still wider from her West-point, spreading her broadest touch in the East, betwixt which extremes I find by measure to be well-near forty English miles, and from North to South, not altogether twenty: the whole in circumference, about one hundred and twelve miles.  

The Air.  (3) The air is temperate, and gives more content to the mind, than the Soil doth fruit or ease unto Travellers. The hills being high and very many, which from the North notwithstanding are lessened as it were by degrees; and towards the Seacoasts, the Country becometh somewhat plain, which part is the best both for plenty of Grain, and populous of Inhabitants. The rest all mountain, is replenished with Cattle, which is the best means unto wealth that this Shire doth afford; upon whose Hills you may behold whole Herds of them feeding, and from whose Rocks, most clear springing waters thorough the valleys trickling, which sportingly do pass with a most pleasant sound, and did not a little revive my wearied spirits among those vast mountains, employed in their search: whose infancy at first admitted an easy step over; but grown unto strength, more boldly forbade me such passage, and with a more stern countenance held on their journey unto the British Seas: 
Tave the chief River.  and Tave among these is accounted for a chief.  

Caerdif the chief Town of all South-Wales.  (4) Upon whose fall, and East-banke, the fairest Town of all South-Wales is seated, the Britain's Caerdid, the English Caerdiffe, which Fitz-Haimon fortified with a Wall and Castle, in the Reign of King Rufus, when he and his Norman Knights had overcome Rhese the Prince of these parts, and thrust our jestine from his lawful possession. This Town he made his own Seat and Court of Justice, enjoining his Consorts to give aid to this honour, and to hold their portions in vassalage of him. Strong was the Castle, as by the trust therein reposed may well appear, 
Beauclark.  where the youngest brother Beauclark kept captive the eldest Curthose, 
Curthose.  both of them sons to the Conqueror, the space of twentie-sixe years. This Castle is large, and in good repair, whence the Town-wall went both South and East to the River's side, thorough which, four Gates enter into the four winds, and contain in compass nine hundred and twenty pases; and along the River (a sure defence) upon her West side, three hundred more, so that the Town containeth in circuit twelve hundred and fourscore pases. But as the Tave is a friend to the Town, in making a Key for arrivage of shipping; so is she a foe to S. Mary's Church in the South, with undermining her foundations, and threatening her fall. The Town is governed by a Major, yearly elected out of twelve Aldermen, assisted with other twelve Burgesses, a Town-Clerke, four Constables, and two Sergeants with Mace: whose site is observed from the North-star to lie in the degree of Latitude, 
The graduation of Ca●dif  51. and 49. scruples; and from the first point in the West, 16. and 52. scruples.  
(5) In the same graduation almost is sited the City Landaf, 
Landaffe.  wherein is a Castle and Cathedral Church, dedicated to S. Telean, Bishop of the same, without any other memorable matter worthy the speaking of.  
(6) But things of strange note are these, by the report of Giraldus, 
Giraldus.  who affirmeth, that In a Rock or Cliff upon the Seaside, and Island Barry, lying near the Southeast point of this County, 
Things of strange note.  is heard out of a little Chink (let him take heed what he saith) the noise as it were of Smiths at their work; one whiles the blowing of bellows to increase the heat, than the strokes of the Hammer, and sound of the Anvil; sometimes the noise of the Grindstone in grinding of Iron tools; then the hissing sparks of Steele-gads, as they fly from their beating, with the puffing noise of flames in a Furnace. And whether this is the place whereof Clemens Alexandrinus speaketh, 
Clemens Alex. Stromat. ●●. 7.  I determine not; where in his writings he hath these words: They that have recorded Histories (saith he) do say that in the I'll of Britain, there is a certain Hole or Cave under the bottom of an hill, and on the top thereof a gaping Chink, into the which when the wind is gathered, and tossed to and fro in the womb or concavity thereof, there is heard above, a sound of Cymbals: for the wind being driven back from his hole, is forced to make a loud sound at her vent.  
(7) More Westward from hence, upon the River Ogmore, and near unto Newton, in a sandy plain, about an hundred pases from Severne, there springeth a Well, 
A strange Well.  though not of the clearest water, where at the flowing and fullness of the Sea, can hardly any water be gotten; but at the ebb and fall of tide it walloweth up amain. The cause may be, as Polybius reports of the like at Cadies; 
●olybius.  wherein the windy air, when it is deprived of his wont issues, forcibly returneth, shutting and stopping up the passages and veins of the Spring, whereby the waters are kept in. But chose, when the surface thereof is void and empty of water, the veins of the Source or Spring are unstopped and set free, which then boileth up in great abundance.  
(8) And upon the same shore more North and by West, 
Minyd-Ma●●●●.  on the top of a hill called Minyd-Margan, is erected a Monument inscribed with a strange Character, and as strange a conceit held thereof by the by-dwellers, whose opinions are possessed, that if any man read the same, he shall shortly after die.  
This Shire, as it is the furthest Coast of South-wales, and lay open to sorraine invasion; so was it fortified with twenty five stronger Castles, whereof times and storms have devoured the most: 
The number of Castles in this Shire.  such were Barry, Saint Doneits, Denispowes, Morlashe, Meneshe, Loghor, Llanddeny, Llanquian, Oxwich, Oystermouth, Ogmor, Pise, Porkery, Pennarth, Winston, Newcastle, Caerfly, Coche, Peullyn, Kethligarne, Kenfeage, Tallavan, Treer and Cothy.  
Neither was the County so ill seated for sufficiency of life, or barren of grain, but that therein were planted places for divine piety: 
Religious Houses.  such were Neeths, Margan, and Caerdif, besides the Episcopal See of Landaf: which last still remaineth; the other three suppressed among the fall of their like, under King Henry the eight.  
This Shire is divided into ten Hundreds, 
The division of this Shire.  wherein are seated six Market-towns, and one hundred and eighteen Parish-Churches, as in the Card and Table annexed, more at large appeareth.   map of Glamorganshire 
GLAMORGAN SHIRE With the sittuations of the chief town CARDYFF and ancient LANDAFFE described.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Glamorgan-shire.  

HUNDREDS in Glamorgan-shire.  

1. SWanzey.  
2. Llangevelach.  
3. Neath.  
4. Newcastle.  
5. Llantrissent.  
6. Caerfily.  
7. Ogmor.  
8. Cowbridge.  
9 Denispowies.  
10. Cardif.   


A  
ABERAVON, New.  
Aberdare, Llant.  
Aberpirgum, Neath.  
Aberthawe east, Denis.  
Aberthowe west, Cow.  
S. Androwes, Denis.  
Arthur's Butts hill, Llant.  
Saint Athon Cow.  
Avon Flu.    


B  
Bachhannis Island, Swan.  
Backinston, Swan.  
Baglane, Neath.  
Barry, Denis.  
Barry Island, Denis.  
Bettus Chapel, New.  
Beveerton, Cow.  
Bewpeere, Cow.  
Bishopston, Swan.  
Boulston, Denis.  
Capell Brathteare, Caerf.  
Bredruckun, Denis.  
Park Brews, Swan.  
Saint Brides the great, Ogmor.  
Saint Brides the less, Ogmor.  
BRIDGEND, New.  
Saint Brides upon Hay, Denis.  
Brytton ferry, Neath.  
Burra Flu.    


C  
Cadoxton, Denis.  
Cadoxton, Neath.  
Caerfilly Castle, Caerf.  
Canton, Cardif.  
Capell Krenant, Neath.  
CARDIFE, Cardif.  
Carnllayd, Denis.  
Cayreh, Cardif.  
Cheryton, swan.  
Clase, Llant.  
Clementson, Ogmor.  
Cledaugh Flu.  
Cledaugh Flu.  
Coche Castle, Caerf.  
Coidfranke Forest, Lla.  
Coidemerchan Park, Deni.  
Cog, Denis.  
Cogan, Denis.  
Coganpill, Denis.  
Coston, Denis.  
Cowlston, Ogmor.  
COWBRIDGE, Cow.  
Coytie Castle, Newcast.  
Coytchurch, Newcast.  
Cunnon Flu.    


D  
Denispowis Castle, De.  
S. Donetts Welsh. Cow.  
Saint Donetts, Ogmor.  
Dredruckan, Denis.  
Dreergusse, Denis.  
Dulishe Flu.  
Dunraven, Ogmor.    


E  
Eghhelolid, Denis.  
Egloisbrywis, Cow.  
Egloissilan, Caerf.  
Elay Flu.  
Elay, Denis.  
Ewenny Flu.    


F  
Saint Fagans, Denis.  
Faldray, Caerf.  
Flimston, Cow.  
The Friars, Cardif.  
Funtgar, Denis.  
Funnum, Denis.    


G  
Saint Georges, Denis.  
Gilston, Cow.  
Capell Glodis, Caerf.  
Glyncorruge, Neath.  
Gwennowe, Denis.    


H  
Hawood aport Chapel, New.  
Saint Hillary, Cow.  
The Holm, swan.    


I  
Illston, Swan.  
S. john's, Swan.  
Istradovodock, Llant.  
Istradowen, Cow.    


K  
Kanfigg Castle, Newcast.  
Kelligate, Caerf.  
S. Kennets Chapel, Swan.  
Kethligarne Castle, Og.  
Kevenmable, Cardif.  
Kilibebyth, Neath.  
Kilvay, Swan.  
Knellston, Swan.  
Capell Krenant, Neath.    


L  
Laleston, Newcast.  
Lamadoke, Swan.  
Llanbeder ynro, Denis.  
Llanbethery, Denis.  
Llanblethran, Cow.  
Lancarvan, Denis.  
Lancod, Denis.  
Landaph, Cardif.  
Llandilotalibout, Llang.  
Llandewy Castle, Swan.  
Llandogh, Cow.  
Llandough, Denis.  
Landow, Ogmor.  
Landevodock, Ogmor.  
Llandydock, Newcast.  
Lanedeme, Cardif.  
Langan, Ogmor.  
Llangenyth, Swan.  
Llangevelach, Llang.  
Llanginor, Ogmor.  
Llangoned, Newcast.  
Llangug, Llang.  
Langwick, lan.  
Llangibach, Llang.  
Llangyneware, Newc.  
Lanhary, Cow.  
Lanharan, Cow.  
Llanihangell, Cow.  
Llanihangle, Denis.  
Lanissen, Cardif.  
Llanmadok, Swan.  
Lannaes', Cow.  
Llannyenwere, Swan.  
Llanquian Castle, Cow.  
Llanriden, lan.  
Llanrydien, Swan.  
Lansamlett, lan.  
Lansannor, Cow.  
Llantrissent, Llant.  
Lantrithed, Denis.  
Lantroitt Vairdrey, Llant.  
Lantwit, Cow.  
Lantwyt, Neath.  
Lanvabon, Caerf.  
Lanvedowe, Caerf.  
Llanverock point, Denis.  
Lanwuo, Llant.  
Llanyhangell, Denis.  
Llanyhylotalibout, Sw.  
Llanyltiduandray, lan.  
Llanylted, Neath.  
Lanylyd, Cow.  
Leckwith, Denis.  
Lisuaure, Cardif.  
S. Lithams, Denis.  
Louchor Castle, Swan.  
Louchor, Swan.  
Lloynigrat, Cardif.  
Lyswerney, Cow.  
Llystalabout, Cardif.    


M  
Marcroes, Ogmor.  
S. Marry Church, Cow.  
S. Mary's hill, Ogmor.  
Margaiu, Newcast.  
Michalaston, Swan.  
S. Michael, Denis.  
Michellston upon Avon. Neat.  
Michellston in the pit, Deni.  
Michelston upon Elay, Denis.  
Mychellston, Cow.  
Meneche Castle, Denis.  
Merther Mawre, Org.  
Mertherdevan, Denis.  
Merthir, Caerf.  
Morgan, Newcast.  
Morlashe Castle, Caer.  
Moulton, Denis.  
Mumbles point, Swan.    


N  
Nashe little, Cow.  
Nashe great, Cow.  
Nashe point, Cow.  
NEATH, Neath.  
Neath vauchan Flu.  
Neath Abbey, Llang.  
Newcastle, Newcast.  
Newton Welsh, Cow.  
Newton Nottage, New.  
S. Nicholas, Denis.  
S. Nicholas Town, Sw.  
Nolton, Newcast.    


O  
Ogmore Flu.  
Ogmore Castle, Swan.  
Oystermouth Castle, Swan.  
Oystermouth, Swan.  
Oxwiche, Swan.  
Oxwiche Castle, Swa.  
Oxwiche point, Swa.    


P  
Pendoyloni, Cow.  
Pengwerne, Swan.  
Penmaen, Swan.  
Penmarke, Denis.  
Pennarth Castle, Swa.  
Pennarth point, Denis.  
Pennarth point, Swan.  
Pennarth, Denis.  
Pennarth Bay, Denis.  
Pennarth, Swan.  
Penrees, Swan.  
Penthery, Llang▪  
Pentrich, Llant.  
Peterston on the Mount, Ogmor.  
Peullyn, Ogmor.  
Pile, Newcast.  
Porteynon, Swan.  
Portkirig, Denis.  
Peterston upon Elay, Denis.    


R  
Radyre, Llant.  
Remgedro glytach, Llang.  
Resowlay, Neath.  
Reynalston, Swan.  
Rompney Flu.  
Rosylly, Swan.  
Roth, Cardif.  
Rowse, Denis.  
Ruddrye, Caerf.    


S  
The spital, Cardif.  
Sully, Denis.  
SWANZEY, Swan.  
Swanzey poche, Swan.  
Syly, Denis.  
Sylye Island, Denis.    


T  
Tallavant Castle, Cow.  
Talygarn, Llant.  
Tave Flu.  
Thevan, Caerf.  
Thule Flu.  
Tilcot, Cardif.  
Tithegstowne, New.  
Towye Flu.  
Treer Castle, Cow.    


W  
Walterstown, Denis.  
Webley, Swan.  
Wenny, Ogmor.  
Wenuor, Denis.  
West-Gower, Swan.  
Whitford point, Swan.  
Whitchurch, Caerf.  
Whitchurch, Cardif.  
Wicke, Ogmor.  
Winston Castle, Denis.  
Worleton, Denis.  
Wormeshead point, Swan.    


Y  
Ycheloley, Denis.  
Ystradowen, Cow.       

MONMOUTH-SHIRE. CHAPTER VI.  

The name of Monmouth-shire.  MONMOUTH-SHIRE, from Monmouth Town, and that from Monnowe-water bearing name, is altogether enclosed on the North, and is separated from Hereford-shire with the same River, 
The borders of Monmouth-shire.  upon the East both it and Wye divides this County from Gloucester-shire. The Southside wholly is washed by the Severne Sea, and some of her West part by Rempney is parted from Glamorgan, and the rest lieth bordered upon by Breknockshire.  

The Form.  (2) The form thereof is Scallop-wise, both long and broad, shooting her North point to Llantony, and her South to the fall of Rempney, betwixt which two are twenty-foure English miles: and from Chepstowe East, to Blanagwent West, are not altogether nineteen: the whole in circuit draweth some what near to seventy-seven miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is temperate, healthful and clear, the soil is hilly, 
The Soil.  woody, and rich, all places fruitful, but no place barren. The Hills are grazed upon by Cattle and Sheep, the Valleys are laden with Corn and Grass, never ungrateful of the Husbandman's pains, nor makes frustrate his hope of expected increase; whose springs abundantly rising in this County with many streams, do fatten the soil even from side to side.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) Anciently the Silures inhabited this Shire, whose chief City by the Emperor Antonine is named Venta Silurum, by the Welsh Caer-went, and was by Tathie the British Saint, 
In the life of Tathie.  made an Academy, and a divine place for worship. So likewise Caerlion now, once Isca, was, where the second Roman Legion called Augusta lay, as by their Coins, Altars, Tables, and Inscriptions there found, and daily therein digged up, doth evidently appear.  

In Itinerar. Cambr.  By the report of Giraldus, in this City was the Court of great Arthur, whither the Roman Ambassadors resorted unto him, and as Alexander Elsebiensis writeth, therein was a School of two hundred Philosophers, skilful in Astronomy and other Arts. Which is the more credible, 
Giral.  for that Amphibalus St. Alban instructor, was therein born, and julius and Aaron, two noble Prot●-Martyrs of great Britain, in this City received the crown of Martyrdom, where their bodies were also interred. But as all things find their fatal period, so this City for beauty, circuit, and magnifical respect is laid in the ruins of her own decay; neither may any more lament the loss of glory than Monmouths Castle, which captive-like doth yield to conquering time. Her downcast stones from those lofty turrets, 
Monmouth Tower.  do show what beauty once it bore, standing mounted round in compass, and within her walls another mount, whereon a tower of great height & strength is built, which was the birthplace of our Conquering Henry, 
King Henry the fifth borne in Monmouth.  the great Triumpher over France, but now decayed, and from a Princely Castle, is become no better than a regardless Cottage. In this Town a beautiful Church built with three Isles is remaining, and at the East end a most curious built (but now decayed) Church stands, called the Monk's Church: In the Monastery whereof, our great Antiquary Geffrey, surnamed Manmouth, and Ap Arthur, wrote his History of Great Britain: whose pains as they were both learned and great, so have they bred great pains among the learned both to defend and to disprove. The Town's situation is pleasant and good, seated betwixt the Rivers Monnowe and Wye: three Gates yet stand, besides that Tower or Lock of the Bridge, and a Trench or tract of Wall running betwixt them on each side down to the River, containing in circuit about eight hundred paces. The Town is in good repair, and well frequented, governed by a Mayor, two Bailiffs, fifteen Common Counsellors, a Town-clerk, and two Sergeants for their attendants. It is in Latitude removed from the Equator 52. degrees, and 8. minutes, and from the West-point of Longitude is set in the degree 17.36. minutes.  
Religious Houses erected and suppressed in this Shire, 
Religious houses suppressed.  for greatest account have been in Caerlion, Chepstow, Gold-cliffe, Munmouth and Llantony; which last stood so solitary, and among hills, that the Sun was not seen to shine there, but only betwixt the hours of one and three.  
This Shire is strengthened with fourteen Castles, 
Castles.  traded with six Market Towns, 
Market-towns.  divided into six Hundreds, wherein are situated one hundred twenty and seven Parish Churches, 
The Shires division.  and is not accounted among the Welsh-shires, being subdued by Henry the second, who passing the Nant Pen-carne, a small Brook and of no danger, 
Girald. Cambr.  yet held fatal by the Welsh, over-credulous to a Prophecy of Merlin Silvester the British Apollo, who had foreshowed that when a stout and frecled faced King (such as Henry was) should pass over that Ford, than the power of the Welsh-men should be brought under; whereby their stout courage was soon abated, and the whole County the sooner in subjection to the English. The Names of the places in this Shire are expressed in a Table, Alphabetically gathered in the Page ensuing upon the rest of this Map.   map of the county of Mounmouth 
THE county OF MONMOUTH with the sittuation of the Shire-towen Described Ann 1610  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Monmouth-Shire.  

HUNDREDS IN Monmouth-Shire.  

1. BErgraveny H.  
2. Skenfrith.  
3. Vske.  
4. Ragland.  
5. Caldicot.  
6. Wenlooge.   


A  
ABERGEVENNEW, Be.  
Abernsteth, Berg.  
Saint Aruans, Cald.  
Avon Flu.    


B  
Bassaleg, Wenl.  
Basaleck, Wenl.  
Bedw●s, Wenl.  
Bedwellty, Wenly.  
Bettus, Ragl.  
Bettus, Wenl.  
Bettus Chapel, Berg.  
Wealch Bicknor, Sken.  
Birthin Flu.  
Blanagwent, Weln.  
Blorench Hill, Berg.  
Saint Bride, Cald.  
Saint Bride, Wenl.  
Bryngwyne, Ragl.  
Bysheton, Cald.    

C  

Caierwent, Cald.  
Caldicote, Cald.  
Carewent, Cald.  
CARLION, Vsk.  
The Chapel, Berg.  
Chappelhill, Sken.  
Chappelhill, Sken.  
Charston Rock, Cald.  
Chepstow Park Cald.  
CHEPSTOW, Cald.  
Christchurch, Cald.  
Cledagnvagh Flu.  
Clitho, Ragl.  
Coeedkernew, Wenl.  
Colbroke, Berg.  
Connyoy, Berg.  
Coumcarvon, Sken.  
Coydkirne, Wenl.  
Creke, Cald.  
Crindye, Weln.  
Crucorne, Berg.    


D  
Denny Island, Cald.  
Dewston, Cald.  
Dyngestowe, Ragl.  
Dynham, Cald.  
Dyxston, Sken.    


E  
Edwith Vawre, Flu.  
Edwith Vauchan, Flu.  
Eries' Wood, Cald.    


F  
Fidan Flu.    


G.  
Goldecliffe, Cald.  
Goldecliffe Rock, Cald.  
Goldecliffe Point, Cald.  
Goyttrens, Berg.  
Lyn Goyde, Berg.  
Gracedue, Ragl.  
The Grange, Cald.  
Greenefeld, Castle, Wenl.  
Grysmond Castle, Sken.  
Gwarneaolepa, Wenl.  
Gwernesseny, Ragl.    


H  
Herdwicke, Berg.  
Hevilis, Wenl.  
Howicke, Cald.  
Hothny Flu.    


I  
Saint jelian, Cald.  
Iston, Cald.  
Itton, Cald.    


K  
Kebby Flu.  
Kylgoden, Berg.  
Kemis, Cald.  
Kemis Commander, Berg.  
Kenueny Flu.  
Kilgorucke, Sken.  
Kirten Beacon, Wenl.  
Kyllcornell, Berg.    


L  
Llanarth, Berg.  
Llanbadock, Vske.  
Llanbed, Cald.  
Llandenny, Ragl.  
Llanafering, Berg.  
Llandevaige, Cald.  
Llandeguith, Vske.  
Llandilobatthale, Berg.  
Llandogo, Sken.  
Llanfoyst, Berg.  
Llangattokelenyg, Berg.  
Llangattock Vihanavell, Sken.  
Llangattock Vibonavell, Sken.  
Langattock, Berg.  
Llangeby, Vske.  
Llangevye, Ragl.  
Llangevew, uske.  
Llangewa, Sken.  
Llangiby, Vske.  
Llangomes, Ragl.  
LLANGOVEN, Sken.  
Llangston, Cald.  
Llanhenoch, Vske.  
Llanhithell, Berg.  
LLANHYLETHE, Weln.  
Llanllowell, Vske.  
Llamnerton, Cald.  
Llannoyth, Sken.  
Llannyhangell, Berg.  
Llannyhangell Veddo, Weln.  
Llannover, Berg.  
Llan-pyll, Sken.  
Llansanffred, Berg.  
Llanssey, Sken.  
Llanth●ruell Chapel, Wenl.  
Llanthenyrytherch, Berg.  
Llantheywye, Vske.  
Llanthen, Berg.  
Llanthewy Retherch, Berg.  
Llanthewy Steride, Berg.  
Llantilio Grossmont. Sken.  
Llantony, Berg.  
Llantrishen, Vske.  
Llanvaier, Cald.  
Llanvaghes, Cald.  
Llanuaner Chapel Sken.  
Llanvapley, Berg.  
Llanveghavan, Vske.  
Llanveyre, Berg.  
Llanvihangell, Cald.  
Llanvihangell Tormenith, Sken.  
Llanvihangell, Berg.  
Llanvihangell, Rag.  
Llanvitheryn, Berg.  
Llanureghvaye, uske.  
Llanwaren, Cald.  
Llanwenarth, Berg.  
Llanyhangell Tonney groyse, Wenl.  
Llanyssen, Sken.  
Llyn Goyde, Berg.    


M  
Maghan, Wenl.  
Magor, Cald.  
Malpas, Wenl.  
Manihilad, Berg.  
Marshfield, Wenl.  
Marthelly Chapel, Cald.  
Matharne, Cald.  
S. Mellans, Wenl.  
Michaelchurch, Berg.  
Michaelston, Wenl.  
Monnow Flu.  
MONMOUTH, Sken.  
Mounton Chapel, Cald.  
Saint Michael, Sken.  
Saint Moughans', Sken.  
Mynithisloyn, Wenl.  
Mychiltroy, Sken.    


N  
Nashe, Cald.  
Newchurch, Cald.  
Chapel Newith, Berg.  
Bettus Newith Ragl.  
Newport Haven, Wenl.  
NEWPORT, Wenl.  
Norton, Sken.    


O  
Olwye Flu.  
Ouldcastle, Berg.    


P  
Panteage, Berg.  
Parcassik, Sken.  
Parkhill, Cald.  
Penalth, Sken.  
Penclase, Sken.  
Penclawth, Ragl.  
Pencarn Flu, Wenl.  
Pencoyde, Cald.  
Penhow, Cald.  
Penhow, Cald.  
Penrose, Ragl.  
Penrose, Vske.  
Penteaies' hill, Berg.  
Penterry Chapel, Sken.  
Saint Pere, Cald.  
Pertholey, Berg.  
Perthing, Sken.  
Peterston, Wenl.  
Pontemoile, Berg.  
Portesmete, Cald.  
pill Flu.  
pill Flu.    


Q  
Quenoch chapel, Vske.    


R  
Ragland, Ragl.  
Redwicke, Cald.  
Riseley, Wenl.  
Rocherston Castle, Wenl.  
Rockfield, Sken.  
Rogeat, Cald.  
Rompney Flu.  
Rempney, Wenl.  
Runston, Cald.    


S  
Shernewton, Cald.  
Skenssreth, Sken.  
Skirivawre hill, Berg.  
Sroway Flu.  
Stanton Chapel, Berg.  
Strogle Castle, Cald.  
Sudbroke, Cald.    


T  
Terestent, Wenl.  
Throggy Flu.  
Traowey, Ragl.  
Tredeager, Wenl.  
Tredonock, Vske.  
Tregayre, Ragl.  
Trelecke, Sken.  
Trelecke grange, Sken.  
Trinity Chappel, Cald.  
Treventhen, Berg.  
Trostrey, Vske.  
Trothy Flu.  
Troy, Sken.  
Trylaye, Berg.  
Tyntarne, Sken.  
Tynterne Abbey, Sken.  
Tumberlow Hill, Wenl.    


V  
Vske Flu.  
VSKE, Vske.    


W  
Warigoch Chapel, Berg.  
Warned, Berg.  
Wense Wood, Cald.  
Whitt Castle, Berg.  
Whitston, Cald.  
Wick, Cald.  
Wisewood Chase, Sken.  
Wolf Newton, Sken.  
Saint Wollos'.  
Woudye, Cald.  
Wnnastowe, Sken.       

BREKNOCKSHIRE. CHAPTER VII.  
Breknockshire, in the British Language Brechineau, 
The bounds of Breknockshire.  (so called, as the Welshmen relate of a Prince named Brechanius, the Father of an holy offspring, whose twenty four daughters were all of them Saints) is a County neither very large, nor greatly to be praised or disliked of, whose bounds upon the North is parted from Radnor with the Rivers Clarwen and Wye: the West lieth butted upon by Cardigan and Caermarden-shires: the South is confirmed by Glamorgan; and the East with Monmouth and Radnorshires, is wholly bound.  

The length and breadth.  (2) The length of this Shire from North to South, betwixt Llanuthel and Istradgunles, are twenty eight English miles; and her breadth from East to West, extended betwixt Pentrisso and Llywell, are twenty; the whole in circumference, about one hundred and two miles.  
(3) This County is full of hills, and uneven for travel, which on the South part mount in such height, 
Girald. in lib. ●iuer. Camb.  that as Giraldus hath written, They make the air much colder, and defend the County from the excessive heat of the Sun, whereby a certain natural wholesomeness of air maketh it most temperate: 
The nature of the Soil.  and on the East side, the Mountains of Talgar and Ewias do as it were forefence the same. Among which, there arise and run so many fruitful springs, that their valleys are thereby made most fertile, yielding in plenty both corn and grass.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (4) The ancient Inhabitants and possessors of this Shire, with the rest in this South Tract were the Silureses, much spoken of, and great opposites to the Romans, whose Countries were first made subject by julius Frontinus, 
Tacitus in vita Agricola.  who besides the valour of the enemy, had to struggle with the Mountains and Straits, as Tacitus tells us; neither any more hard, we may well say, then them of this Shire; whereof one in the South, and three miles from Breknock, is of such height and operation, as is uncredible: and were it not that I have witness to affirm what I shall speak, I should blush to let the report thereof pass from my Pen: In my perambulations in these parts, remaining in Breknock to observe the site of that Town, the Aldermen or chief Seniors thereof, regarding my pains, with friendly and courteous entertainments at my departure, no less than eight of them, that had been Bailiffs of the Town, came to visit me; where they reported upon their credits and trials, that from the top of that hill, in the Welsh called Mounch-denny, 
Arthur's Chair.  or Cadier Arthur, they had oftentimes cast from them, and down the North-East Rock, their Cloaks, Hats, and Staves, which notwithstanding would never fall, but were with the air and wind still returned back, and blown up: neither, said they, will any thing descend from that cliff being so cast, unless it be stone or some metalline substance: affirming the cause to be the Clouds, which are seen to rack much lower than the top of that Hill. 
Llynsavathans' Mere.  As strange tales are told of the Mere Llynsavathan, two miles by East from Breknock, which at the breaking of her frozen Ice, maketh a fearful sound like unto thunder. 
Girald. Cambr.  In which place, as is reported, sometimes stood a fair City, which was swallowed up in an Earthquake, and resigned her stonewalls unto this deep and broad water: whither unto this day leadeth all the ways in this Shire: which, as learned Cambden conjectureth, might be that Loventrium, which Ptolemy in this Tract placeth; and the more confirmed by the River's name adjoining, being also called Levenny, which River also passeth through this Mere without any mixture of her waters, as by the colour thereof is well perceived, which glideth thorough it with the same stream, and no greater than wherewith she first entered in.  
(5) The Towns for commerce, 
The Market Townes.  are Hay, Bealt, and Breknock, two of them unfortunate of their former greatness, whom wars and sedition have defaced and cast down. Hay upon Wye and Dulas, pleasant for situation, in the rebellion of Owen Glendowerdwy, was diswalled, depopulated, and burnt, in whose foundations for new repairs, many Roman Coins have been found; and thereby thought to be a seat of their Legions: and Buelth, now Bealt, though of good frequency, yet not so great as when Ptolemy observed her position for graduation, who calleth it Buleum Silurum, neither when it with the Country was possessed by Aurelius Ambrose, by whose permission Pascensius the son of Vortiger ruled all, as Ninius writeth, nor yet of later times, when Leolin the last Prince of the Britain's, was therein betrayed and slain.  
(6) Breknock the Shire-towne, 
Breknock.  for buildings and beauty retaineth a better regard, whose walls in Ovall-wise are both strong & of good repair, having three Gates for entrance, with ten Towers for defence, and is in circuit six hundred and forty paces about, upon whose West part a most sumptuous and stately Castle is seated, the like whereof is not commonly seen, whose decays approaching do increase her ruins daily, and in the end is feared will be her fall. This Town is seated upon the meeting of two Rivers, Houthy and Vske, whose yearly government is committed to two Bailiffs, fifteen Aldermen, two Chamberlains, two Constables, a Town-clerk, and two Sergeants their attendants: having the Poles elevation in 52.21. minutes of Latitude, and for Longitude is placed in the 16. and 32. minutes, as the Mathematicians do measure them.  
(7) This Shire is strengthened with nine Castles, 
The divisions.  divided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated three Market Towns, and sixty one Parish-Churches.   map of Brecknockshire 
BREKNOKE BOTH SHIRE AND TOWN described Ann. Domini 16●0.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Breknockshire.  

HUNDREDS in BREKNOCKSHIRE.  

1 BEalt Hundred.  
2 Merthy Hund.  
3 Talgarth Hund.  
4 Crickhoel Hund.  
5 Penkelli Hund.  
6 Dyvynnock Hund.   


A  
Aberbrayne, Mirth.  
Aberkinvick, Penkel.  
Aberlleveny, Talgarth.  
Aberyskire, Mirth.  
Capell Afyne, Talgarth.  
Altemawre, Talgarth.    


B  
Battle chapel, Mirth.  
BEALT, Bealt.  
Capell Bettus, Dyvyn.  
Black Mountain, Dyvyn.  
Blaynllynuy Castle, Crick.  
Brave Flu.  
BREKNOCK, Penkel.  
Capell Brengoran, Talgarth.  
Bruntllies, Talgarth.    


C  
Capell Callwen, Dyvyn.  
Camlas Flu.  
Cantrest, Penkel.  
Clarthy Flu.  
Clarwen Flu.  
Comartch Flu.  
Capell Coyelbryn, Flu.  
Craye Flu.  
Crickadarn, Talgarth.  
Crickholl, Crick.  
Crickhoel, Crick.  
Capell Cunok, Mirth.    


D  
Capell Defrunehenthy, Mirth.  
Delas Flu.  
Dyvynnock, Dyvyn.  
Dula's Flu.  
Dylas Flu.  
Castle Dynas, Talgarth.    


G  
Garthbrenguy Llanthew, Mirth.  
Gilston, Penkel.  
Glasbury, Talgarth.  
Glyn Tawy, Dyvyn.  
Groney Flu.  
Gwenthur, Talgarth.  
Gwetherick Flu.    


H  
Haterell Hill, Talgarth.  
HAY, Talgarth.  
Henuid Park, Mirth.  
Hepsey Flu.  
Houthy Flu.    


I  
Isker Flu.  
Istradgunles, Dyvyn.  
Istraduelltey, Dyvyn.    


K  
Ketheden, Crick.  
Kethitalgarth, Bealt.    


L  
Llamcamlach, Penkel.  
Llanavanuour, Bealt.  
Llanbedde, Crick.  
Llanddetty, Penkel.  
Llandivalley, Targarth.  
Llandivilog, Mirth.  
Llandiloruan, Mirth.  
Llanelli, Crick.  
Llaneliw, Talgarth.  
Llangamarth, Bealt.  
Llanganten, Bealt.  
Llangattuck, Crick.  
Llangeney, Crick.  
Llangonider, Crick.  
Llangors, Crick.  
Llangovilog, Penkel.  
Llangoyd, Talgarth.  
Llangroney, Crick.  
Llangustye, Penkel.  
Llangynyd, Crick.  
Llanlleenuell, Bealt.  
Llannyllo, Talgarth.  
Llansanffred, Penkel.  
Llanspethitt, Dyvyn.  
Llanthetty, Penkel.  
Llanthew Castle, Penkel.  
Llanthewi Aberwessyn, Bealt.  
Llanthewi Come, Bealt.  
Llanuair, Bealt.  
Llanuanuecham, Bealt.  
Llanuigon, Penkel.  
Llanuyhangell Vachian, Mirth.  
Llanuyhangell Bryn pabian, Bealt.  
Llanuorted, Bealt.  
Llanurenach, Penkel.  
Llanuthull, Bealt.  
Llanuillo, Penkel.  
Llanwerne, Penkel.  
Llanygon, Talgarth.  
Llanyhangell Manthran, Mirth.  
Llanyhangell Cumdye, Crick.  
Llanyhanglo, Penkel.  
Llanyhangell Aberwessyn, Bealt.  
Llanynnis, Bealt.  
Llestinan, Bealt.  
Lleveny Flu.  
Lleveny Flu.  
Lliwell, Dyvyn.  
Llyswen, Talgarth.    


M  
Maesmynys, Bealt.  
Tower Maltwalbury, Dyvyn.  
Melta Flu.  
Metherchynog, Mirth.  
Mounchdenny Hill, Penkel.    


N  
Capell Nanty, Penkel.  
Neath Flu.  
Newton, Dyvyn.    


O  
Olluannock, Dyvyn.    


P  
Patrisho, Crick.  
Penderyn, Dyvyn.  
Penketh Castle, Penkel.  
Peterchurch, Crick.  
Pipton, Talgarth.  
Porthambles, Talgarth.  
Portheroyes, Bealt.    


R  
Capell Ridbrue, Mirth.    


S  
Llyn Sanathan, Talgarth.  
Capell Senny, Dyvyn.  
Skethrog, Penkel.    


T  
Talgarth, Talgarth.  
Talyllyn, Penkel.  
Capell Tavechan, Penkel.  
Tavy Flu.  
Trallong, Mirth.  
Trangarth Flu.  
Trausnant Flu.  
Tre Castle, Dyvyn.  
Tretowre, Crick.  
Turch Flu.  
Tylachthy, Penkel.    


V  
Tawe Vachan Flu.  
Neath Vachan Flu.  
Tawe Vawir Flu.  
Vaynor, Penkel.  
uske Flu.  
uske Flu.    


W  
Wevery Flu.  
Wye Flu.    


Y  
Capell Ylldytt, Dyvyn.  
Yruon Flu.       

RADNOR-SHIRE CHAPTER. VIII.  
RADNOR-SHIRE lieth bordered upon the North, 
The bounds of Radnor-shire.  with the County Monmouth; upon the East toucheth Shropshire and Hereford-shire: the Rivers Clarwen and Wye divide it from Breknock in the South; and the West part doth shorten point-wise into Cardiganshire.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is in proportion triangle, every side almost containing a like distance: for from West to North are twenty miles; from North to South, 
The Circuit.  twenty two; and from South to West are twenty four: the whole in circumference extending to fourscore and ten miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air thereof is sharp and cold, (as most of Wales is) for that the snow lieth and lasteth long unmelted under those shadowing high Hills and over-hanging Rocks.  

The Soil.  (4) The Soil is hungry, though not barren, and that in the East and South the best: the other parts are rough and churlish, and hardly bettered by painful labour; so that the riches of the North and West consisteth chiefly in the brood of Cattle.  

The ancient people. Tacitus in vita Agricola.  (5) Anciently this County was possessed by the Silureses, a warlike people, and great withstanders of the Romans impositions, who had not only them to fight against, but withal the unaccessible Mountains, wherewith this Shire is so over-pressed and burdened, that many times I feared to look down from the hanging Rocks, whereunder I passed into those deep and dark dales, seeming to me an entrance into Limbo. 
Polychron.  Among these (as say our Historians) that hateful Prince to God and Man, Vortiger, his Country's scourge, and last Monarch of the British Blood, by fire from Heaven was consumed with his incestuous Wife, for whom Ninius nameth the Country where in his Castle stood, Guartiger-Maur, of whose rubbish the Castle Guthremion was raised, as some are of opinion. Yet they of North-Wales will have his destruction and Castle to stand in their parts near unto Beth-Kelleck, whereof we will further speak in the relation of his life. Fatal was this place also to Llewellin the last Prince of the British race, who being betrayed by the men of Buelth, fled into those vast Mountains of Radnor, 
Anno 1282.  where by Adam Francton he was slain; and his head (crowned with Ivy) set upon the Tower of London.  
(6) Places most worthy of note in this Shire, are as ensueth: 
Radnor.  The first is Radnor, from whom the County receiveth her Name, anciently Magis, where the Commander of the Pascensian Regiment lay, 
In the Book of Notices.  and thought to be the Magnos in Atonine the Emperor's Survey. This Town is pleasantly seated under an Hill, 
Cambden.  whereon standeth mounted, a large and strong Castle, from whose Bulwark a Trench is drawn along the West of the Town, whereon a wall of stone was once raised, as by the remains in many places appeareth. This Trench doth likewise inverge her West side so far as the River, but after is no more seen: whose Graduation is observed to have the Pole elevated for Latitude 52. degrees, and 45. minutes; and for Longitude, from the first point of the West, set by Mercator 17. degrees and one minute.  
Prestayn for beauteous building is the best in this Shire, 
Prestayn.  a Town of Commerce, wonderfully frequented, and that very lately. Next is Knighton, 
Knighton.  a Market Town likewise, under which is seen the Clawdh-Offa, or Offaes' Ditch, whose tract for a space I followed along the edge of the Mountain, which was a bound set to separate the Welsh from the English, by the Mercian King Offa: and by Egbert the Monarch a Law made, by the instigation of his Wife, that it should be present death for the Welsh to pass over the same, 
In his Polycraton john Salub●●y.  as john Bever the Monk of Westminster reporteth: and the like under Harald, as john of Salisbury writeth; wherein it was ordained, that what Welshman soever should be found with any weapon on this side of that Limit, which was Offaes' Ditch, should have his right hand cut off by the King's Officers. 
Raihader Gowy.  The fourth place for account is Raihadar Gowy, who besides the great fall of Wye with a continual noise, hath her Markets there kept upon the Sabbath, which I there observed, and here note for an offence.  
(7) Many Rivers arise and run thorough this Shire, which were it not that the Hills so cluster together, might make the soil both fertile and fat. Such are Teme, Lugier, Ithon, Clowdok, Dulas, Comarton, Somegill, Guithel, Arro, Machaway, Edway, Hawye, Eland, Clarwen and Wye, besides other Loughs that stand betwixt the hills.  
This Shire is divided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated three Forests, four Market-towns, six Castles, and fifty two Parish-Churches, as in the Table in the last Page of this Chapter Alphabetically are set and inserted.   map of the county of Radnor 
THE COUNTY OF RADNOR DESCRIBED AND THE SHYRETOWNES SITTUATIONE Anno 16●8.  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Radnor-shire.  


HUNDREDS in RADNOR-SHIRE.  
1 RAyader-Gowy.  
2 Knighton.  
3 Kevenllice.  
4 Radnor.  
5 Collowine.  
6 Painescastell.   


A  
Aberdow, Coll.  
Arro Flu.  
Augop, Rad.    


B  
Banghwid, Paines.  
Bettas' disserth, Coll.  
Bigildi, Knight.  
BLETHVACH, Keven.  
Blethuach Forrest, Keven.  
Brongwine, Paines.  
Buttus, Paines.    


C  
Cascop, Keven.  
Castle Dynbod, Knight.  
Clarwen Flu.  
Clirow, Paines.  
Clowedoke Flu.  
Colwin Castle, Coll.  
Colva, Rad.  
Combehire, Rayad.  
Comaron Flu.    


D  
Darnall Flu.  
Discodde, Rad.  
Disserth, Coll.  
Dullas Flu.    


E  
Ednall, Rad.  
Edway Flu.  
Eland Flu.    


F  
Fuldibrok, Rad.    


G  
Garthuagh, Rayad.  
Glasbury, Paines.  
Glascomb, Coll.  
Glastray alias Glawdiscre, Rad.  
Glyngwin, Rayad.  
Gwythell Flu.    


H  
Harton, Rad.  
Hawye Flu.  
Hiop, Knight.    


I  
Ithon Flu.    


K  
Kevelles Castle, Keven.  
Kregrena, Coll.  
Kinerton, Rad.  
KNIGHTON, Knight.  
Knukles Forest. Knight.  
Knukles, Knight.    


L  
Llanamro, Knight.  
Llanbaderney gareg, Coll.  
Llanbaderne, Keven.  
Lanbadarne vynith, Knight.  
Llanbeder, Paines.  
Llanbester, Knight.  
Llandegley, Keven.  
Llandewy, Knight.  
Llandewy vach, Paines.  
Llandilo, Paines.  
Landrindod, Keven.  
Llanelweth, Coll.  
Llangiallo, Keven.  
Llanihangell, Keven.  
Llanihangell yerholegan, Rayad.  
Llanihangell Arro, Paines.  
Llanihangell Kevenllice, Keven.  
Llanihangell Nantmelan, Rad.  
Llansanffred, Coll.  
Llansanffred in Comotoieth, Rayad.  
Llanstephan, Paines.  
Llanuereth, Coll.  
Llanyere, Rayad.  
Llowes, Paines.  
Lugier, Flu.  
Llynhoghlen, Paines.    


M  
Machway, Keven.  
Michael's Church, Paines.  
Monaghree, Keven.    


N  
Nantmell, Rayad.  
Newcastle, Rad.  
Newchurch, Paines.  
Norton, Rad.    


P  
Painescastle, Paines.  
Pilim, Keven.  
PRESTEIGNE, Rad.    


R  
Radnor old, Rad.  
RADNOR new, Rad.  
Radnor Forrest, Rad.  
RAYADER-gowy, Rayad.  
Rulen, Coll.    


S  
S. Harmon, alias Phistharmon, Rayad.  
Standish, Rad.  
Samegill Flu.    


T  
Teme Flu.    


W  
Whitten, Keven.  
Whitehall, Knight.  
Weston hall, Keven.  
Wye Flu.    


Y  
Ython Flu.       

CARDIGANS-SHIRE. CHAPTER. IX.  
CARDIGANSHIRE, (in the Welsh called Sire Aber-Tivi) is parted on the North from Merioneth-shire with the River Dovi; 
The ancient name.  by the Plinillimon hills from Montgomery-shire in part of her East; 
Limi●●.  and the rest from Breknockshire, with the water Towy; and with Tyvy altogether on the South from Caermardenshire: the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea.  

The Form.  (2) The form thereof is horne-like, bowing compass, long and narrow, and growing wider still towards the North: so that from Cardigan, the Shire-Towne and uttermost point in the South, unto the River Dovi, 
Dimensitie.  her farthest North bounder, are thirty two miles: and from the head of Clarwen in the East, to Aberysthwyth on her West, the broadest part in the Shire, are only fifteen: the whole in circumference is one hundred and three miles.  

Aire.  (3) The Air is open and somewhat piercing; the soil is hilly, and (Wales-like) uneven: yet more plain and champion toward the Sea, then in the East or North of the Land. For besides that great and high hill called Plinillimon, a continual range of lesser doth shoot along, yielding in their valleys both goodly rich Pastures, 
Soil.  and very large Pools, which being assisted with Springs from the Rocks, do branch themselves, as veins in the body, and make fruitful their passages unto the Sea. In Tyvy one of these, 
The Beaver in former time found here.  as Giraldus hath written, the Beaver hath been found, a creature living both by land and water, whose stones the Physicians hold in great price. His fore-feets are like unto a dog, but the hinder whole skinned, as is the goose: the doglike serve him on shore for to run; and the goose-like as Oars give him swift motion in swimming: his tail broad and gristly, he useth as a stern, wherewith on the sudden he can divert his swift floating course. But this creature in these parts a long time hath not been seen, whose room we may well say the Salmon hath possessed, 
The Salmon.  who still coveting into fresh water Rivers, at their downright falls useth this policy: He bendeth himself backward, and taketh his tail in his mouth, and with all his strength unloosing his circle on the sudden (as a lath let go) mounteth up before the fall of the stream; where upon such waterfalls are called the Salmon Leap: 
The Salmon Leap.  and in these Rivers many such Salmon are caught.  

The commodities of this Shire.  (4) The commodities of this Shire chiefly consist in Cattle, Sea-folwe, and Fish; Corn sufficient, but of Woods some scarcity: and at the head of Istwydh are certain veins of Lead, a merchandise of no mean regard or wealth.  

The ancient people.  (5) The ancient people that possessed this Province, were the Dimetae, by Ptolemy branched thorough the Tracts of Caermarden, Penbroke, and this Shire; who in their struggle against the Romans, did not a little rely upon Caractacus their most warlike King, (from whose name, though unlikely, some will have the Shire called Cardigan) yet lastly felt the fortune of subjection with the rest, 
juli. Frontinus.  when julius Frontinus warred with these Mountains. Scarce had the Normans settled their Kingdom in Britain, but that they assailed this County, as well to enjoy so fair a Possession, as to secure those Seas from any invasion against them: 
King Rufus.  so that Rufus first wrested from the Welsh-men the maritime Coasts, 
King Henry the first.  and Henry the first gave the whole County to Gilbert de Clare.  
(6) This Gilbert fortified Cardigan, 
Cardigan the chief Town.  the Shire-Towne, with a Wall and strong Castle, whose aged lineaments do to this day show the industry both of Nature and Art: for the Town is seated upon a steep bank, her Southside guarded with the deep River Tyvy, and passable no way but by a bridge under the Castle. 
The walls of it.  The walls take the advantage of the rising Rocks, and circulate the Town even round about. 
The Castle.  The Castle is higher built upon a Rock, both spacious and fair, had not storms impaired her beauty, and time left her carcase a very Anatomy. The walls range as thou seest, and are indifferent for repair, having three ways for entrance, and contain in compass six hundred and fourscore pases: 
The graduation.  whose Position for Latitude is set in the degree 52.33. minutes from the North-pole, and for Longitude from the first West-point by Mercator, in the degree 15. and 10. minutes.  
(7) This Shire, as it is little in circuit, so accordingly is besprinkled with Townships, 
Market Townes.  whereof four only have the trade of Markets: neither find I other remembrance of religious foundations, but at Cardigan, 
Religious houses.  Istradfleet, and at Llanbadernvaur, where sometimes was seated an Episcopal See, which (as Hoveden writeth) was decayed many years since, 
Hoveden.  when the people had wickedly slain their Pastor. And yet Llandevibrevi, 
Llandevibrevi.  built, and so called in memory of the most famous David Bishop of Menevia, was in great esteem, where in a frequent Synod there holden, he refuted the Pelagian Heresy, 
The Pelagian heresy refuted.  sprung up again in Britain, both by the authority of holy Scripture, and also by miracle, as is reported, while the earth whereon he stood and preached, rose up unto a certain height under his feet.  
(8) The Shires division, 
The Shires division.  for businesses belonging either to the Crown or Commonwealth, is into five Hundreds, wherein are seated four Market-Towns, and sixty-foure Parish-Cburches for Gods divine and daily service, whose names are further inserted in the Table following.   map of Cardiganshire 
CARDIGAN SHIRE DESCRIBED with the due form of the Shiretown as it was surveyed by I.S. Anno 16●0  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Cardiganshire.  


HUNDREDS in Cardiganshire.  
1. LLanbadarn.  
2. LLanylar.  
3. Pennarth.  
4. Moythen.  
5. Tredroir.   


A  
Aberporth, Tred.  
ABERYSTWYTH, Llanb.  
Arthe Flu.  
Ayron Flu.    


B  
Bangor, Tred.  
Bettus Bledrus, Moyth.  
Bettus Jevan, Tred.  
Bettus, Moyth.  
Bidder Flu.  
Blayneporth, Tred.  
Blayne pennall, Pen.  
Brenning Flu.  
Brongwyn, Tred.    


C  
CARDIGAN, Tred.  
Cardigan Island, Tred.  
Capell Christ, Moyth.  
Clarthye Flu.  
Clarwen Flu.  
Cletter Flu.  
Combeystoyche, Llanb.    


D  
Dettor Flu.  
Dovye Flu.  
Dyhewyll, Moyth.  
Dyhewidd Isekerdyne, Tred.    


E  
Eynon Flu.    


F  
The Forest, Moyth.    


G  
Capell Garthely, Moyth.  
Gogirthan, Llanb.  
Llyn Gonon, lany.  
Gunros, lany.    


H  
Heullandynye, Tread.  
Heveneroe, lany.    


I  
Iscard, Moyth.  
Istradfler, lany.  
Istradfler, lany.  
Istradmyrick, lany.  
Istwyth Flu.    


K  
Kellan, Moyth.  
Kelekenyn, lany.  
Capell Kenan, Tred.  
Kery Flu.  
Kilie ayron, lany.  
Capell Kiluellon, Llanb.  
Kilwyn, Tred.  
Kinuer Flu.    


L  
Llanarche, Moyth.  
Llanavon, lany.  
Llanavon, lany.  
Llanbadarn vawr, Llanb.  
Llanbaddarn, lany.  
Llanbadarne, lany.  
Llanbadarne Odyne, Pen.  
Llanbadarne Trevegloys, lany.  
LLANBEDER, Moyth.  
Llandeuroigge, Tread.  
Llandissilio, Moyth.  
Llandissill Isekerdyne, Tred.  
Llandissill uchkerdyne, Moyth.  
Llandogwy, Tred.  
Llanfra Capell, Tred.  
Capell Llanbridge, Tred.  
Llangoydmore, Tred.  
Llangranoge, Moyth.  
Llangynllo, Llanb.  
Llangybye, Moyth.  
Llangythye, Moyth.  
Llanrannok, Tred.  
Llangytho, Tred.  
Llangunelyn, Llanb.  
Llanllohayrne, Moyth.  
Llanllair, Moyth.  
Llansanfrayde, lany.  
Llanthewy aberarthe, lany.  
Llanthewy brevye, Pen.  
Llantisilued Capell, Moyth.  
Llanthynoll, lany.  
Llanuair treveligen, Tread.  
Llanuaieralloyne, Tred.  
Llanuayrgledoge, Moyth.  
Llanuichangell, lany.  
Llanunen, Tred.  
Llanunnes, lany.  
Llanwenoge, Moyth.  
Llanylar, lany.  
Llanyna, Moyth.  
Llanychayaron, Moyth.  
Llanyhangle castle qualtor, Llanb.  
Llanyhangle Yerothen, lany.  
Llanyhangle Rostea, lany.  
Llanyhangle Lledrod, lany.  
Llanynay, Moyth.  
Llanygrothen, lany.  
Llanychayarne, lany.  
Llarumsted, lany.  
Llegenydd, Moyth.  
Llyn Legnant, lany.  
Lery Flu.  
Levenant Flu.  
Lyky, Moyth.    


M  
Massalak Flu.  
Mathern Flu.  
Mirik Flu.  
Mounte, Tread.    


N  
Nantegnulle, Pen.    


O  
Oscoid Mortimer, Tred.    


P  
Penbryne, Tred.  
Penkemmas point, Tread.  
Penneralt, Tread.  
Pennobadath point, Tread.  
Pescotter Flu.  
Plinellimon hill, Llanb.  
Prevethe, Llanb.    


R  
Rescob forest, Pen.  
Rossefayre, lany.  
rydal Flu.    


S  
Salek Flu.  
Silien, Moyth.  
Spittie ustroith, lany.  
Spittye kinwen, Llanb.    


T  
Talaserne, Moyth.  
Tothea Flu.  
Towye Flu.  
Tredroir, Tred.  
TREGARON, Pen.  
Tremayne, Tred.  
Trevilon, lany.  
Trevygoid, Tread.  
Llyn Tyvy, lany.  
Tyvy Flu.    


V  
Vchclawdd, Pen.  
Verwicke, Tred.  
Llyn Verwyn, Pen.  
Vmnrabowa, Llanb.    


W  
Weray Flu.  
Wye head, Llanb.       

MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE. CHAPTER. X.  

The bounds of Mountgomery-shire  MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE, in the British speech called Siretrefaldwin, and that of the principal Town Mountgomery, lieth bounded upon the North with Denbighshire, upon the East with Shrop-Shire, on the South with Radnor and Cardigan-Shires, and on the West with Merioneth-Shire.  

The form.  (2) In form it some what resembleth a Pear or Pineapple, as it were growing out of the West, and rising thence with many high Hills and plentiful Springs, which water and make fruitful the Soil every where: whose searching rilles with a longing desire hast ever forward to find an increase, and to augment their growth into a bigger body, whereof the Severne is the chief, and the second River in the Land: whose head rising from the spired Mountain Plymll●mon, runneth not far without the receipts of other riverets into her stream, and with many windings doth sport herself thorough all the East part of this Shire.  

Severne.  (3) That this River took her name from Abren, the beautiful base daughter of Locrine, begotten out of wedlock upon Est●ldis the daughter of Humber the Scythian King, that invaded this Land, and both of them drowned in this River by Guendolena, King Locrine's surviving widow: let jeffrey relate, and Poets enlarge, whereof one among them in good account, thus writeth; 

— In flumen praecipitatur Abren,  
Nomen Abren fluvio de Virgin, nomen eidens  
Nomine corrupto, deinde Sabrina datur.   

Into this stream fair Abren headlong cast,  
Gave name of Abren to those waters waste,  
Corruptly called Sabrina now at last.    
(4) This River maketh the East part of this Shire for fruitfulness to be compared with most of the Land, and to exceed any other Shire in Wales: the West side is more hilly and less inhabited, yet surely those Mountains breed innumerable Cattle, especially of horses, whose portraiture for making and incomparable swiftness, Giraldus Cambrensis Archdeacon of Breknocke doth greatly commend.  
(5) The ancient Inhabitants that were seated in Guineth and Pow●ysland, 
The Inhabitants.  whereof this Shire was a part, were to the Romans known by the name of ORDOVICES, a puissant and courageous Nation, whose hearts and hills held them the longest free from the yoke of subjection, either of the Romans or English: for unto the days of Domitian, they kept plea with the Romans, and were not brought to the will of the English before the reign of King Edward the first. Those ORDOVICES inhabited the Counties of Mountgomery, Merioneth, Caernarvan, Denbigh, and Flint, which are of us called now North-Wales, a people generous and of affable conditions, goodly for feature, fair of complexion, courageous of mind, courteous to strangers, and that which is most commendable, most true and loyal to the English Crown.  

Market-towns.  Towns for Trades and commerce in this County are six: the chiefest thereof and Shire-Towne is Mountgomery, very wholesome for air, and pleasant for situation, upon an easy ascent of an hill, and upon another far higher mounted, stands a fair and well-repaired Castle, from the East Rock whereof the Town hath been walled, as by some part yet standing, and the tract and trench of the rest even unto the North-side of the said Castle, may evidently be seen: whose Graduation for Latitude is placed in the degree 53. and for Longitude 17. the lines cutting each other in the site of this Town.  

The Earl.  This Town hath lately received the honour and Title of an Earldom, whereof Philip Herbert the second son of Henry Earl of Pembroke, was created the first, in Anno 1605. 
The Shires division.  And the Shire divided into seven Hundreds, wherein are seated six Market-towns, and forty seven Parish-Churches: the names whereof are inserted in the Table annexed.   map of Montgomeryshire 
MONTGOMERY SHIRE  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all The Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Mountgomery Shire.  


HUNDREDS in Mountgomery-shire.  
1 MEchavi.  
2 Kare Eynion.  
3 Ystrad Marchel.  
4 Kidriorn.  
5 Kery.  
6 Ykrostly.  
7 Kyfy. Log.   


A  
Aberhafais, Kidriorn.  
Agaiere, Ystrad.  
Angle Flu.    


B  
Bacho Flu.  
Llyn, Bar Ykrost.  
Becham Flu.  
Llyn Begelyn, Kyfy.  
Beryw, Kydriorn.  
Berechlaid, Ykrost.  
Bettus, Kidriorn.  
Biga Flu.  
Brethrens hill, Ystrad.  
Brughan Flu.  
Buttington, Ystrad.    


C  
Caerfuse Castle, Ykrost.  
Carlion Hill, Ystrad.  
Carno Flu.  
Churchstoke, Ystrad.  
Cregynog H●ll, Kidriorn.  
Castle Engerrimon, Kare.    


D  
Dolevoren Castle, Kidriorn.  
Dornoll Flu.  
Dorowen, Kyfy.  
Dul●s Flu. D●las Flu Dulas Flu. 3.  
Dungum Flu.    


F  
chapel Fordyn, Ystrad.    


G  
Garth-beibio, Kare.  
Llyn Glastyn, Kyfy.  
Gnedall Flu.  
Gogh Castle, Ystrad.    


H  
Haus Flu.  
Heldray, Ystrad.  
Hirnant, Mech.  
Hyssinton, Ystrad.    


K  
Karno, Ykrost.  
Kegidfa, Ystrad.  
Kemes, Kyfy.  
Kerig Flu.  
Kery, Kery.    


L  
Llanbrim Maire, Kyfy.  
Llanddosilio, Mech.  
Llanddynam, Ykrost.  
Llandissil, Kidriorn.  
Llandrenio, Ystrad.  
Llanfair, Kare.  
LLANFILLYN, Mech.  
Llanfynhonwen, ystrad.  
Llangadfan, Kare.  
Llangirrich, ykrost.  
Llangunoth, Mech.  
Llangynyw, Kare.  
Llanllochaiarne, Kidriorn.  
Llanllygan, Kidriorn.  
Llanfauntfred yn Mecham, Mech.  
Llanuthin, Mech.  
Llanuaier ynghareynion, kare.  
Llanuyhangell ynghery, kare.  
Llanwryn, kyfy.  
Llanwunog, ykrost.  
Llanwydelan, kydriorn  
LLANYDLOES, ykrost.  
lany Rewic, kidriorn.  
Llanyruill, kare.  
Lleding Flu.  
Lleighton, ystrad.  
Llevenant▪ Flu.  
Lloyd Flu.  
Lloydyerd, Mech.    


M  
MACHENLLETH, Kyf.  
Maismaure, ystrad.  
Manafon, kidriorn.  
Mathavern, kyfy.  
Mathravall Hall, kare.  
Meifod, Mech.  
Middleton Hall, kery.  
Moghtree, kery.  
MOUNTGOMERY, Ystrad.  
Moylnadion, Hill. kyfy.  
Mulle Flu.  
Penant Mylangell, Mech.    


N  
NEWTOWNE, Kidriorn.    


P  
Penegoes, kyfy.  
WELSH POOLE, ystrad.  
Penprice, ykrost.  
Penstrowed, ykrost.  
Plymllymon Hill. kyfy.    


R  
Riader Flu.  
Rue Flu.    


S  
severn's head, kyfy.  
Severne Flu.  
Severne Flu.    


T  
Tagarell Chapel, ykrost.  
Tanot Flu.  
Taramon Flu.  
Towynmyn Flu.  
Trefeglos, ykrost.  
Chapel Treflistin, ystrad.  
Tregynon, kidriorn.  
Turgh Flu.    


V  
Vurnuey Flu.    


W  
Wurway Flu.  
Wye Flu.    


Y  
Llanvihangell Ynghronfa, Mech.       

MERIONETH-SHIRE. CHAPTER. XI.  
MERIONETH-SHIRE, which the Britain's call Scire-Verioneth, and in Latin, 
The borders of Merioneth Sbire.  Mervinia; is bordered upon the North by Carnarvan and Denbighshires, upon the East with Montgomery, upon the South by the River Dowy, is parted from Cardiganshire, and the West side altogether washed with the Irish-Seas, whose rage with such vehemency beateth against her Banks, that it is thought and said, some quantity of the Land hath been swallowed up by those Seas.  

The form.  (2) In form this Shire somewhat resembleth a Welsh-harp, though small is the Music that to her Inhabitants she makes, being the roughest, and most unpleasant to see to (as Giraldus their own Historian writeth) in all Wales. 
Giraldus.  The Air for great pleasure, nor Soil for great profit, I cannot greatly commend, unless it be for the many and mighty great winds, that for the most part therein do rage, and the spired hills clustered together so near and so high, as the same Author affirmeth, that Shepherds upon their tops falling at odds in the morning, and challenging the field for fight, before they can come together to try out the quarrel, the day will be spent, and the heat of their fury shut up with their sleep.  
(3) These Mountains formerly did abound with Wolves, for whose avoidance Edgar the peaceable, did impose (as Malmesbury writeth) a yearly Tribute of three hundred Wolves, 
Wil Mal.  upon Ludwall Prince of that Country, whereby in three year's space they were quite destroyed: and now their faces are covered with fruitful flocks of Sheep, besides Neat and other Cattle that therein abundantly do graze, wherein the only riches of this Shire doth consist: for by reason of the unevenness of the soil and rocks so near the face of the earth, the Plough cannot be drawn, nor the Corn prosper, which some have imputed to the idleness of the Inhabitants, wherein they have been greatly wronged.  

The Inhabitants.  (4) These people are a part of the Ordovices, of whom we have spoken, who by the advantage of these mountains held out with the longest against the Romans, and their necks not brought under the yoke of bondage, before the days of King Edward the first; since when they have attempted to cast off their subjection to the English, upon some stirs raised by Owin Glendover, 
Anno D 1282.  who having been a favourite of King Richard the second, and discontented by King Henry the fourth, in a quarrel with the Lord Grace of Ruthin, that intruded upon his domains, quarrelled with the King, and entered into open rebellion and confederacy with all other his rebels, drawing the Welsh-men wholly to his side, in hope to have had Princes restored of their own blood: and he maintained the same with wonderful pride, policy, and obstinacy for a long time, until his confederates, followers, and favourites, and his own courage, credit, and maintenance, were brought so low by that powerful King, that in the end he perished for very want of food.  
(5) Their Towns are not many, neither those that they have of any stately buildings, 
The Towns.  whereof Bala, Dolge●he, and Harle●h are the Markets. By Bala in the North-East of this County, in the Welsh Lhintegid, in English, Pimble-meare, a great Pool of water doth drown at least eight-score Acres of ground: 
Pimble-meare.  whose nature is, as the report doth pass, that the high-land floods though never so great, cannot make her to swell bigger by their receipts; but if the air be troubled with overgreat blasts and tempests of winds, she in as great a rage riseth and passeth her banks, as if she would encounter that enemy in fight. Into the South whereof the two-headed Dee with a pretty sharp stream entereth, and thorough the same glideth without any mixture of the same water, as the Inhabitants believe; more strongly conceited in their opinion, for that the Salmon, usually taken in Dee, is never found in that Pool; 
Dee.  and the fish called Guiniad bred in that Mere, never is seen in the River Dee. South thence, near Dolgelhe, in a lower hill, a great Rampire of stone and compass is seen, and hath been some fortification or defence in war: which whilst we were curious to find out some instructions thereof, by report this only we learned, that is was called Caddoryrita Dren, according to the name of her neighbour and far higher hill.  
(6) Upon the West and Seashore of this Shire, Harlech a Market and Major Town standeth, bleak enough and barren, 
Harloch.  but only for Fowl and Fish; houses not many, neither curiously built, wherein standeth a little Chapel decayed and without use, in which lieth buried Sir Richard Thimblebye, an English Knight, who for the delight he took in that game, removed his abode from a far better soil. Here also standeth a most strong and beautiful Castle, mounted upon a hill, and with a double Bulwark walled about, commanding the Sea, and passage of entrance of such as seek to invade the Coast. And surely a great pity it is to see so fair a work fall to decay: the Constable whereof by Patent is ever the Major of this Town: near unto which are two great Inlets of Seas, which at low water may be passed upon the Sands with Guides. Upon whose Shore, as upon all the Seacoasts in this County, abundance of Herrings are caught, for which cause they are much frequented in the season of the year, by many people from divers Countries.  
(7) This Town being the chiefest of the Shire. the Pole shall be elevated only from thence, whose height for Latitude standeth in the degree 53.29. minutes, and for Longitude in the 15.47. minutes, The whole being divided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated thirty seven Parish-Churches, whose names in the Table following are to be seen.   map of Merionethshire 
MERIONETH+-SHIRE Described 1610  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Merioneth-Shire.  


HUNDREDS in Merioneth-shire.  
1 ARdydury.  
2 Penllyn.  
3 Ydeirmon.  
4 Talybont.  
5 Mowthy.  
6 Ystymanael.   


A  
Aberdowye, Ystymanael.  
Alwen Flu.  
Alwen Flu.  
Angel Flu.  
Artro Flu.  
Avon vane Flu.    


B  
BALA, Penllyn.  
Barmouth, Ardydury.  
Benrose Wood, Talybont.  
Traeth Bychan, Ardydury.  
Buttus, ydeirmon.    


C  
Cain Flu.  
Cleton Flu.  
Clowedok Flu. Mowthy.  
Llyn Cotwry, Penllyn.  
Cotsegeddol, Ardydury.  
Corwen, ydeirmon.  
Cunuell Flu.    


D  
Dee Flu.  
Derye Flu.  
Desunney Flu. Talybont.  
Desunney Flu. ystymanael.  
Dole, ydeirmon.  
DOLGELHE, Talybont.  
Dovye Flu.  
Druryd Flu.  
Dynas' Mothus, Mowthy.    


E  
Llyn Eithaye, Ardydury.    


F  
Farles Flu.  
Festimog, Ardydury.  
Funnondo Verduwy, Penllyn.    


G  
Glanllintegid, Penllyn.  
Gwannas, Mowthy.  
Gwyddelwern, ydeirmon.    


H  
HARLECH, Ardydury.  
Hirgum Flu.    


K  
Kelyn Flu.  
Kemmer Abbey, Talybont.  
Kessilgum Flu.  
Kevenreage, ydeirmon.    


L  
Llanagbrethe, Talybont.  
Llanaelhairn, ydeirmon.  
Llanbeder, Ardydury.  
Llandderfel Gadern, Penllyn.  
Llandanog, Ardydury.  
Llandeber Flu.  
Llandekwyn.  
Llandegryn, Talybont.  
Llandryllo, ydeirmon.  
Lla●fawr Yn Melyn, Penllyn.  
Llanfechraith, Talybont.  
Llangor, ydeirmon.  
Llanglynnin, Talybont.  
Llangower, Penllyn.  
Llansansfred, ydeirmon.  
Llanenthowin, Ardydury.  
Llanthoyway, Ardydury.  
Llanwrothen, Ardydury.  
Llanvihangell Y Pennant, ystymanael.  
Llanyhangell, ydeirmon.  
Llanvair, ydeirmon.  
Llanunier.  
Llanullyn, Penllyn.  
Llanyhangell y traythe, Ardyd.  
Llanykill, Penllyn.  
Llanymorothwy, Mowthy.  
Llanywhyllyn, Penllyn.  
Llavern Flu.  
Llavyltyd, Ardydury.  
Llenegryn, Talybont.  
Lleyngoryl Flu.  
Llue Flu.  
Llyn y comb, Ardydury  
Llyn Tegid, Penllyn.  
Llyn Troweryn, Penllyn.  
Llyn Teckoyn, Ardydury.  
Llyn Eithaye, Ardydury.    


M  
Monach dour Flu.  
Mothvaye Flu.  
Maynlloyd, Mowthy.  
Maynturog, Ardydury.    


N  
Nanney, Talybont.    


P  
Penal, ystymanael.    


R  
Rarannare Hill, Penllyn.  
Rhedok, ydeirmon.  
Rhedok, ydeirmon.  
Rulace, Penllyn.    


S  
Sarnabugh Point, Talybont.  
Skethye Flu.    


T  
Taly Llyn, ystymanael.  
Thehery Castle, ystymanael.  
Llyn Tegid, Penllyn.  
Towin Meryonidd, ystymanael.  
Traeth Mawer, Ardydury.  
Traeth Bychan, Ardydury.  
Trawffynydh, Ardydury.  
Troweryn Flu.  
Llyn Troweryn, Penllyn.    


V  
Velynrydd Flu.    


Y  
Llyn Ycombe, Ardydury.       


The limits.  DENBIGHSHIRE, called in Welsh, Si●e Denbigh, retiring more from the Sea within the Country, on this side of the River Conwey shooteth Eastward in one place as far as to the River Dee: on the North, first the Sea (for a small space) and then Flintshire encompasseth it: on the West, Caernarvon and Merioneth-shire; on the East, Cheshire and S●ropshire; and on the South, Mountgomery-shire.  

The form and Dimensitude.  (2) The form thereof is long, growing wider still towards the Northwest, & narrower towards the East. It is in length from East to West, one and thirty miles, and in breadth from North to South, seventeen miles: in the whole circuit and circumference, one hundred and fourteen miles.  

The Air.  (3) The air is very wholesome and pleasant, yet bleak enough, as exposed to the winds on all sides, and the high hills, wherewith it is in many places environed; long retaining the congealed snow. The tops whereof, in the Summer time, are the harvest men's Almanacs, 
The harvest-mans' Almanac.  by the rising of certain vapours thereon in the mornings, and foreshow a fair day ensuing.  

The Soil.  (4) The Soil is but barren towards the West part: yet the middle, where it lieth flat in a valley, is most fertile. The East side, when it is once past the valley, findeth Nature to be a very sparing niggard of her favours: but next unto Dee it feeleth a more liberal extent of her blessings. The west part is but here and there inhabited, and mounteth up more than the other with bare and hungry hills: yet the leanness of the soil (where the hills settle anything flattish) hath been now a good while begun to be overcome by the diligent pains and careful industry of the husbandmen; 
Good husbandry.  for they paring away the upper coat of the earth into certain Turfs, with a broad kind of spade, pile them up artificially on heaps, and fire them, so as being turned into ashes, and thrown upon the ground so pared, they fructify the hungry barrenness and sterility of soil, and make the fields bring forth a kind of Rye or Amellcorne, in such plenty, as is hardly to be believed.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices, who be also named Ordovices, or Ordovicae: a puissant and courageous people, by reason they kept wholly in a mountainous place, and took heart even of the soil itself: for they continued longest free from the yoke both of Roman, and also of English dominion. They were not subdued by the Romans before the days of the Emperor Domitian (for then julius Agricola conquered almost the whole Nation) nor brought under the command of the English, 
King Edward the first.  before the Reign of King Edward the first; but lived a long time in a lawless kind of liberty, as bearing themselves bold upon their own magnanimity, and the strength of the Country.  

The Commodities.  (6) The Mountains of this Country yield sufficiency of Neat, Sheep, and Goats. The Valleys in most places are very plenteous of Corn, especially Eastward on this side, betwixt the rivers of allen and Dee; but the more Westerly part is healthy, and altogether barren. The heart of the Shire shows itself beneath the hills, in a beautiful and pleasant Vale, reaching seventeen miles in length from South to North, & five miles, or thereabouts, in breadth, and lieth open only toward the Sea. It is environed on every side with high hills, amongst which, the highest is Moillenlly, 
Moillenlly hill.  on the top whereof is a warlike Fence with Trench and Rampire, and a little Fountain of clear water. From these hills the River Cluyd resorts unto this Vale, and from the very Spring-head (increased with becks and brooks) doth part it in twain, running through the midst of it; whereof in ancient time it was named Strat Cluyd: for Marianus maketh mention of a King of the Strat Cluyd of the Welsh: And at this day it is commonly called Diffryn Cluyd, that is, The Vale of Cluyd.  
This thing is worthy observation, as a matter memorable, both for admiration and antiquity, that in the Parish of Llansanan within this Country, there is a place compass cut out of the main Rock by man's hand, in the side of a stony hill, wherein there be four and twenty seats to sit in, some less, some bigger, where children and young men coming to seek their cattle, use to sit, and to have their sports. And at this day they commonly call it Arthur's round Table. 
King Arthur's round Table.   
(7) Henry Lacie Earl of Lincoln, obtaining Denbigh by the grant of King Edward the first, 
Denbigh the chief Town.  after the conviction and beheading of David brother of Llewellin for high treason, was the first that fortified it with a wall about, not large in circuit, but very strong, and on the southside with a fair castle, strengthened with many high towers. But he gave it over, & left the work unfinished, conceiving grief (as a sorrowful father) that his only son came to untimely death, and was drowned in the Well thereof. The same of this Town spreads itself far for repute, as being reckoned the most beautiful place in all North-Wales: 
The fairest of all North-Wales.  & it is of no less report, for the castle adjunct unto it is impregnable for fortification. And this strange accident happening there in the year 1575. deserves not to be omitted, being left as a continual remembrance of God's merciful providence and preservation at that time: that where by reason of great Earthquakes, 
An Earthquake.  many people were put into great fear, and had much harm done unto them both within and without their houses, in the Cities of York, Worcester, Gloucester, Bristol, Herefored, and in other Country's adjacent, yet in the Shire-hall of Denbigh the bell was caused to toll twice, by the shaking of the earth, and no hurt or hindrance at all either done or received. 
The Magistracy of Denbigh.  The government of this town is managed by two Aldermen, & two Bailiffs, who are yearly elected out of twenty five Burgesses, that are their assistants. It hath one Recorder, one town-Clerk, and two Sergeants at Mace: and by observation of the Mathematics, 
Graduation of it.  the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude 53. & 49. scruples, and from the first West point in Longitude 16. and 45.  
(8) This County, 
This Shire and others not divided in the Map.  with them of Flint and Carnarvon-shires, are not divided by pricks into their several hundreds in their Cards, according to the rest of this work, the want of their particulars in the Parliament Rowls so causing it, which for the good of these 3. Shires, I earnestly sought to have supplied from the Nomina Villarum, in their Sheriff's books, & had promise of them that might easily have procured the same. But whether a fearless jealousy possessed their spirits, lest the riches of these Shires, by revealing such particulars, should be further sought into, I cannot say: yet this I have observed in all my Survey, that where least is to be had, the greatest fears are possessed. Take these Shires therefore to be done as I could, and not as I would, that wish both the wealth of them all, and their esteem to be of better regard by those that may do them good.  
(9) This Shire than is divided into twelve Hundreds, 
The Shire, division.  for the readier ordering of businesses necessary to the State of the Country; wherein are placed 3. Market Towns fit for buying and selling, 
Market-towns.  and other negotiations. 
Castles.  It hath 5. Castles to defend herself, 
Parishes.  and to offend her enemies, and 57 Parishes for Gods divine service and worship; as this Table more particularly expresseth.   map of Denbighshire 
DENBIGH SHIRE  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Denbighshire.  


HUNDREDS in Denbighshire.  
1. BRomfeild.  
2. Yale.  
3. Chirkland.  
4. Issallet.  
5. Vchallet.  
6. Istulas.  
7. Vochdulas.  
8. Kynmerche.  
9 Ruthin.  
10. Llannerche.  
11. Collion.  
12. Dogvylyn.   


A  
Abenbury.  
Abergele.  
Aled Flu.  
allen Flu.  
allen Bachan Flu.  
Almere.  
Alwen Flu.    


B  
Bachinbid.  
Barrog.  
Barhavern.  
Bers.  
Bettus.  
Bodederis Landegley.  
Breynegloys.  
Bystock.    


C  
Place Cadogan,  
Chirk.  
Chirk Castle.  
Christioneth Flu.  
Clawedok Flu.  
Clawedok Flu.  
Clocanok.  
Cluyd Flu.  
Cluyd Flu.  
Common wood.    


D  
Dasart.  
Castle Denas brain.  
DENBIGH.  
Derwen.    


E  
Eglos.  
Egluyseg.  
Elwy Flu.    


F  
Foxholes.  
Chapel Funhown vaier.    


G  
chapel Garmon.  
Gresford.  
Gwenurow Flu.  
Gwetheryn.  
Gyrow Flu.    


H  
Havotawern.  
Hendray.  
Hespyn Flu.  
Heullan.  
Holt park.  
Holt Castle.  
Holyn.    


I  
Iscoid Chapel.    


K  
Kenlet Flu.  
Keriog Flu.  
Chapel Kine.    


L  
Llanarmon.  
Llanarmon.  
Llanarmon Defrine Keriog.  
Llanbeder.  
Llancadwalater.  
Llanddlas.  
Llandisilio in Devouret.  
Llandurnog.  
Llanegwa●t Abbey  
Llanelian.  
Llanelidan.  
Llanganhaval.  
Llangedwin.  
Llangiruew.  
Langollen.  
Llangum.  
Llangwiven.  
Llanhiclian.  
Llankerigedredion  
Llanrayder.  
Llanrust.  
Llansanfrayd in Glyn.  
Llansanfraid.  
Llansaiman.  
Llanshanshare.  
Llansyllyn.  
Llanthiged.  
Llanvaier.  
Llanvarog.  
Llanverres.  
Llanusyd.  
Llannunnis.  
Llanyader Amoughnant.  
Llaruth.  
Llavaier.  
Llevenye.  
Lleveny Flu.  
Lleveny.  
Llynaled.    


M  
Manyan Flu.  
Markwiell.  
Maysmynan.  
Melendydar Flu.  
Moyluinlle hill.  
Chapel Moynglathe.    


N  
Nanclin.  
Neag Flu.  
Newhall.    


P  
chapel Pentrevidog.  
Pergwerne.  
Plasward.    


R  
Ru●bon.  
RUTHIN.  
Ryader Flu.    


S  
Snediok park.    


T  
Tavat.  
Tiherion.    


V  
Vagli.  
Veneghtid.    


W  
Wheler Flu.  
Whitchurch.  
WREXHAM.    


Y  
Place Ycha.  
Yspity.       


The limits of it.  FLINTSHIRE, stretching out in length, broad at one end, and narrow at another, is not much unlike in fashion to a wedge, a piece of which is cut off by the meeting of Cheshire and Denbighshire, Southeast in distance some four miles. It borders Eastward with part of Cheshire, from whence it is guarded in length with the River Dee unto the North, which parteth Worral and Flintshire, till you come to a little Island called Hellbree. Northward it is bounded with the Virginian Sea: on the West, a little River, called Cluyd, parteth her and Denbighshire asunder: and on the South altogether by Shrop-shire.  

The circumference.  (2) This Country is nothing Mountainous, as other parts of Wales are, but rising gently all along the River of Dee, makes a fair show and prospect of herself to every eye that beholds her, as well upon the River, being in most places thereabouts four or five miles broad, as upon the other side thereof, being a part of Cheshire.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is healthful and temperate, without any foggy clouds or fenny vapours, saving that sometimes there ariseth from the Sea, and the River Dee, certain thick and smoky-seeming mists, which nevertheless are not found hurtful to the Inhabitants, who in this part live long and healthfully.  

The climate.  (4) The Clime is somewhat colder there then in Cheshire, by reason of the Sea, and the River that engirts the better part of her; by which, the Northern winds being long carried upon the waters, blow the more cold; and that side of the Country upward, that lieth shoaring unto the top, having neither shelter nor defence, receiveth them in their full power, and is naturally a Bulwark from their violence unto her bordering neighbours, that maketh the snow to lie much longer there, then on the other side of the River.  

Soil.  (5) The Soil bringeth forth plenty both of Corn and grass, as also great store of Cattle, but they be little. To supply which defect, they have more by much in their numbers then in other places where they be bigger. Great store of Fish they take in the River of De●, 
Dee River.  but little from the Sea, by reason they have no Havens or Creeks for boats. No great store of Woods either there or in any other part of Wales are found, it having been a general plague unto all the Country ever since the headstrong rebellions of their Princes and great men against the Kings of England, that (in time) took away the principal helps of their Innovations, by cutting down their woods, whereof in this Shire there hath heretofore been great plenty. 
Commodities.  Fruits are scarce, but Milk, Butter, and Cheese plenty, as also store of Honey, of the which they make a pleasant Wine, in colour like (in taste not much unlike) unto Muskadine, which they call Matheglin. Yea, and in the days of Giraldus Cambrensis, near the place now called Holy-Well, was a rich Mine of Silver, in seeking after which, men pierced and pried into the very bowels of the earth.  

Inhabitants.  (6) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices, a sturdy people against the Romans, but now most kind and gentle towards the English, and indeed make much of all strangers, except they be crossed, and then they are the contrary.  

Castles.  (7) Places of defence are the Castles of Flint, Hawarden, vulgarly Harden, Treer, Rudland, Mold, Yowley, and Hope: 
Fl●nt●astle ●astle the chiefest.  of which Flnt and Harden are the two principal. The Castle of Flint, famous for the benefit it received from two Kings, and for the refuge and relief it gave unto the third. It was founded by Henry the second, 
Henry 2.  finished by Edward the first, 
Edward 1.  and long after gave harbour and entertainment to that Noble, but unfortunate Prince, Richard the second, 
Richard 2.  coming out of Ireland, being within her walls a free and absolute King, but no sooner without, but taken prisoner by Henry Bullinbroke, Duke of Lancaster, losing at that time his liberty, and not long after his life. This standeth in the graduation of Latitude 53 55. minutes, in Longitude 17.  

Hawarden Castle.  For the Castle of Hawarden, no record remains of the first Founder, but that it was held a long time by the Stewards of the Earls of Chester: Howbeit, their resistances did not so generally consist in the strength of their Castles and Fortifications, as in their Mountains and Hills, which in times of danger served as natural Bulwarks and Defences unto them against the force of enemies. As was that which standeth in a certain straight set about with Woods, near unto the River allen, called Coleshull, that is, Coles-hill, 
Coles-hill.  where the English, by reason of their disordered multitude, not ranged close in good array, lost the field, and were defeated, when King Henry the second had made as great preparation as might be to give battle unto the Welsh, and the very King's Standard was forsaken by Henry of Essex, who was Standard bearer to the King of England in right of inheritance.  
(8) This Country hath many shallow Rivers in it, but none of fame and note, but Dee and Cluyde. Howbeit, there is a Spring not far from Rudland Castle, of great report and antiquity, which is termed Fons Sacer, 
Fons Sacer.  in English, Holy-Well, and is also commonly called Saint Winefrids' Well; of whom antiquity thus reporteth: That Winefrid a Christian Virgin, very fair and virtuous, was doted upon by a young lustful Prince or Lord of the Country, who not being able to rule his headstrong affections, having many times in vain attempted and tried her chastity, both by rich gifts and large promises, could not by any means obtain his desires; he therefore (in a place of advantage) suddenly surprised and ravished her weak (yet resisting) body. After the deed done, the cruel Tyrant, to stop her cries and acclamations, slew her, and cut off her head: out of which place did suddenly arise a Spring that continueth to this day, 
A Spring arising miraculously.  carrying from the Fountain such a forcible stream and current, as the like is not found in Christendom. Over the head of the Spring there is built a Chapel of freestone, 
A Chapel built over it.  with Pillars curiously wrought and ingraved, in the Chancel whereof, and Glass-window, the picture of the Virgin is drawn; together with the memorial of her life and death. To this Fountain Pilgrims are accustomed to repair in their zealous, but blind devotion; and divers others resort to bathe in, holding firmly that the water is of much virtue.  
There be many red stones in the bottom of this Well, 
The strange opinion held of this Spring.  and much green moss growing upon the sides: the superstition of the people holding that those red spots in the stones were drops of the Lady's blood, which all the water in the Spring can never wash away; and that the moss about the wall was her hair, which though some of it be given to every stranger that comes, yet it never wasteth. But howsoever this be carried for truth by the tradition of time, the moss itself smells exceeding sweet.  
There is also hard by Kilken (a small village) within this County, 
Kilken.  a little Well of no great note, that at certain times riseth and falleth, after the manner of Sea-tides.  
(9) In the South part of this Country, divided from the rest, is a place (in some written Copies of Antonine, called Bovium) which we now term Banchor, 
Banchor.  first a City, and afterwards a Monastery of famous memory, and the first that is read of in the world: 
Bedaes' report of Banchor Monastery.  wherein (as Beda saith) were a great number of Monks, and them divided into seven Companies, every one having his several Ruler assigned. None of these Companies had less than three hundred persons devoted to prayer, and to get living by their own labour, for themselves and the poor: although it hath long since been utterly ruinated, so as now there is scarce seen the face and outward show of a dead City or Monastery. It hath only the names of two Gates remaining, 
Port Hogham, and Port Cleis.  one standing a mile distant from another, and betwixt which the River Dee now runneth, where are oftentimes found many pieces of Roman Coin, and other tokens of antiquity. But of these shall be more mention made in the following History.  
Another like Monastery, but of lesser account, stood in the Vale beneath Varis (a little City placed by the Romans in the confines of this Shire and Denbighshire) and upon the Bank of Elwy and Cluyd: 
Varis Vale.  This the Britain's call Llan-Elwy, 
Llan-Elwy, or Asaph.  of the River; the Englishmen, Asaph, of the Founder; and the Historiographers, Asaphensis. It is more famoused for antiquity, then for building or bravery: for about the year 560. Kentigern Bishop of Glasco, 
Kentigern, Bishop of Glasco.  being fled hither out of Scotland, placed here a Bishops See, and erected a Monastery gathering together 663. in a religious brotherhood, whereof three hundred that were unlearned, 
His Monastery.  gave themselves to husbandry, and to work within the Monastery; the rest to prayer and meditations. When he returned into Scotland, 
The Governor of it.  he ordained Asaph, a godly and upright man, to be Governor over this Monastery, of whom it took the name, and is called Saint Asaphs.  
Another Monastery of great account was at Basingwarke in this County, 
Basingwarke.  near unto which began that admirable Ditch drawn thence unto the mouth of Severne by King Offa, 
Offae● Ditch.  the Tract whereof I have expressed thorough this Shire, and will further speak thereof in the following History.  
(10) This Shire is divided into five Hundreds, 
The Shires division.  fortified with seven Castles, hath only one Market-Town, and twenty eight Parishes, in which there is continual celebration of divine Service.   map of Flintshire 
FLINTSHIRE  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Flintshire.  


HUNDREDS in Flintshire.  
1. MOuld.  
2. Mailers.  
3. Rudland.  
4. Prestrattyn.  
5. Coleshill.   


A  
Alen.  
allen Flu.  
S. Asaph.  
lan Asaphe.    


B  
Bangor.  
Basingwarke.  
Bottesley.  
Broughton.  
Bruerton.  
Burton.    


C  
CAIER W●S.  
Cluyn Flu.  
Combe.  
Cornish.    


D  
Darland Greene.  
Demyrchion.  
Nether Droitwiche.  
Over Droitwiche.  
Dyffyrdwy, or Dee Flu.  
Dyssart.    


E  
Escoyte Hall.    


F  
Fens Hall.  
Flint.    


G  
Gronant.  
Gulgrave.  
Gwenusker.    


H  
Hanmere.  
Harden Castle.  
Haulton.  
Holiwell.  
Horsheath.    


K  
Kilken.  
Kinnerton.    


M  
Maghegreg.  
Meliden.  
Merford.  
Molde.  
Moston.    


N  
Nannarch.  
chapel Nerquoyes'.  
Northop.    


O  
Clawdh Offa, or Offas' ditch.  
Old park.  
Orton madok.    


P  
Penley chapel.  
Potruthan.  
Potuary.  
Prestatin.    


R  
Relusnoyde.  
Rudland Castle.    


S  
Sevion Flu.  
Skiviog.    


T  
Tegidog Flu.  
Talarkrey.  
Treer Castle.  
Trethyn.  
Trevealen.    


W  
Wheler Flu.  
Whitford.  
Whitwell Chapel.  
Willington.  
Worthenbury.    


Y  
Yowley Castle.  
Yowley Hill.       

CAERNARVONSHIRE. CHAPTER XIIII.  

The divers names of this Shire. The Welsh turn M into V or F. So Caer-merdhin, Caer-Frydhin, Luid Breu. of Brit.  Caernarvonshire, in Welsh, Sire Ca-er-ar-von, so called because it is just over against Anglesey, (which the Britain's call Mon,) and in composition was termed also Snowden Forrest, before Wales was laid into Shires; the North-side whereof and the West butt●th upon the Irish-Sea, the Southside is enclosed with Merioneth, and the East with Denbighshires, from which it is severed by the River Conwey.  

The measure.  (2) The form thereof is much like a wedge, long and narrow toward the South, and growing still wider towards the North: so that from Pevenkel-point southward, to Or●s-head-point Northward, are forty Miles, from the River Conwey Eastward, to the River Llenoy Westward, Miles twenty: and the whole circumference one hundred and ten Miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is sharp and piercing, by reason that the Country hath not natural provision to ensconce herself against the extremity of winds and weather: but especially as may be thought, through the continuance of the Snow on the hills, which also exclude the Sun's aspect and warmth.  

The Soil.  (4) The soil cannot be much commended for the fertility, except those parts of the Seacoasts, which lie on the West toward Ireland: but for the heart of this Shire, it is altogether mountainous, as if Nature had a purpose here, by rearing up these craggy hills so thick together, strongly to compact the joints or this our Island, and to frame the Inland part thereof for a ●it place of refuge to the Britain's, against those times of adversity which afterward did fall upon them; for no Army though never so strongly, or scarce any Travellers, 
Very unpasseable.  though never so lightly appointed, can find passage among those so many rough and hard Rocks, so many Vales, and Pools here and there, crossing all the ways, as ready obstacles to repel any inroads of foreign assailants. These Mountains may not unfitly be termed the British Alps, 
British Alps.  as being the most vast of all Britain, and for their steepness and cragginess not unlike to those of Italy, all of them to wring up into the Air, and round encompassing one far higher than all the rest, peculiarly called Snowdon-Hill, 
Snowdon Hills.  though the other likewise in the same sense, are by the Welsh termed Craig Eriry, as much as Snowy Mountains, taking their name as doth (by Pliny's testimony) Niphates in Armenia, and Imaus in Scythia: For all the year long these lie mantelled over with Snow hard crusted together, though otherwise for their height they are open and liable both to the Sun to dissolve them, and the winds to over-sweep them.  

The People.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices, of whom we have sufficiently spoken in the description of the former Provinces; neither need I insist either upon the pleasures or profits that this Country yieldeth, by reason of the great affinity it hath both of Climate and Commodities with Denbighshire and Flintshire before mentioned: But this beyond the other in some places breeds certain Shel-fishes, 
Pearls.  which being conceived by an heavenly dew bring forth Pearls, in ancient times more reckoned of then now they are.  

Places of note.  (6) Touching places of note, that City is very ancient which the Emperor Antonine calleth Segontium, taking name of a River running by, which at this day is called Seioni: 
Seioni.  some relics of the walls whereof do yet appear, near unto a little Church consecrated to the honour of Saint Publicius. 
Ninnius.  This City Ninnius calleth Caer Custenith, which some interpret the City of Constantine. Indeed Matthew Westminster saith (how true I know not) that Anno 1283. 
Mat. Westminst.  here was found the body of Constantius (Father to great Constantine) which King Edward the first caused to be sumptuously bestowed in the Church of the new City, which he raised out of the ruins of the old, and is now called Caernarvon, 
Caernarvon.  which giveth name to this whole Shire. The Town itself yieldeth a most excellent prospect towards the Sea, and is encompassed (in a manner) round with the walls of the Castle: so as we may say, it is a City within a Castle, 
Caernarvon in danger of the Sea.  which taketh up the whole Westside of it: and great pity it is, that so famous a work should not be perpetuous, or ever become the ruin of time, which is much feared, for the merciless undermine of the Sea, that with her daily and forcible eruptions never ceaseth to wash away the foundations of the key. The people of this Town are well approved for courtesy, 
The Government of it.  and also Civil Government, which is administered by the Constable of the Castle (who is ever Major by Patent) having the assistance of one Alderman, two Bailiffs, two Sergeants at Mace, and one Town-Clerke. The Townsmen do not a little glory that King Edward the second was borne there, 
King Edward the second borne at Caernarvon.  in a Tower of the Castle, called Eagle-Tower, and surnamed of Caer-nar-von, he being the first Prince of Wales of the English line. The site of this Town according to Mathematical observation is in the degree of Longitude 15. and 50. scruples from the first West-point, and the Pole elevated in Latitude 53. and 50.  
Bangor, 
Ban●hor.  the Bishops See, though it be now but a small Town, yet was it in times passed so large, that for the greatness thereof it was called Banchor Vaur, that is, Great Banchor; which Hugh Earl of Chester fortified with a Castle: But it hath been long since utterly ruinated and laid level with the ground, insomuch as there is not any footing to be found, or other monuments left thereof, although they have been sought with all diligent enquiry. This Bishops See hath within the Diocese ninety six Parishes. But the ancient Church which was consecrated unto Daniel, sometime Bishop thereof, was defaced and set on fire by that notorious Rebel Owen Glendowerdwy, 
Owen Glendowerdwy.  who had a purpose also to destroy all the Cities of Wales, for that they stood for the King of England. And though the same Church was since repaired about the time of King Henry the seventh, yet hath it scarce recovered the resemblance of her former dignity.  
The River Conwey (which limiteth this Shire on the East-side) is in Ptolemy by corruption or ignorance of Transcribers called Toisovius, 
Conwey River.  in stead of Cononius, whence Canonium (a Town mentioned by Antonine) took name: and albeit both it, and its name be now utterly extinct, yet is there a covert remembrance thereof in the new name of a poor Village, standing among the rubbish thereof, called Caer-hean, 
Caer-hean.  (that is) The ancient City: Out of the spoil whereof K. Edward the first, built a new Town at the River's mouth, 
Aberconwey.  termed thereupon Aberconwey, (that is) the mouth of Conwey, which being formerly fortified by Hugh of Chester, and strongly situated and fenced both with walls and a fair Castle by the River's side, deserves rather the name of a City then a Town, if it were more populous and trafficked with Inhabitants. Neither must I here forget Newin, though but a small Market-town, for that it pleased the English Nobleses Anno 1284. to honour it and the memory of King Arthur, 
Florilegus.  with triumphant celebrity, after they had subdued the rebellious Ringleaders of Wales.  
(7) Other matters of memorable note this Country affordeth not much, unless perhaps this; That just over against the River Conwey, where it issueth into the sea, there sometime stood an ancient City named Diganwey, which many years ago was consumed by lightning, and so made utterly desolate, as many other monuments have been, of ancient and worthy memory. As likewise that in the Pool Linperis, 
The Fish Torcoch.  there is a kind of Fish called there Torcoch, having a red belly, no where else seen. For touching these two other miracles famoused by Giraldus and Gervasius, that on those his high Hills there are two Pools called the Meres, the one of which produceth great store of fish, but all having only one eye, and in the other there is a movable island, which as soon as a man treadeth on, it forthwith floateth a great way off, whereby the Welsh are said to have often scaped and deluded their enemy's assailing them: these matters are out of my Creed, and yet I think the Reader had rather believe them, then to go to see whether it be so or no.  
It is traded with five Market-Towns fit for bargaining, 
Market-towns  buying & selling, fortified with four Castles, and hath sixty eight Parish-churches in it, where the Inhabitants concur and meet together for the celebration of divine Service.   map of Carnarvonshire 
CAERNARVON BOTH SHIRE AND Shire-towne with the ancient City BANGOR described. Anno Domini 16●0  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Caernarvonshire.  


A  
ABERCONWY  
Abereach.  
Apennant.    


B  
BANGOR.  
Bardesey Island.  
Bednell.  
Bedskrethlim.  
Bedsyllin.  
Bethkelert.  
Bettus Seyrionython.  
Bettus Garmon.  
Botunog.  
Bodvean.  
Bodverin Chappel.  
Braychypult point.  
Bryncrois.  
Brimmoyle.  
Brynyryn.    


C  
Caier jerienrode.  
Caierhean.  
CARNARVAN.  
Carngugh Chapel.  
Carrog Flu.  
Carodinbill-rocke.  
Clenoguaure.  
Clenunay.  
Conwy Flu.  
Llyn Coulwyd,    


D  
Daren Flu.  
Castle Delbadern.  
Dinas Orveg.  
Dinas Dynlle.  
Llyn Dolathelan.  
Dolathelan Castle.  
Dolbemer.  
Dowye Gonulchy.    


E  
Earch Flu.  
Edarne.  
Eglos-rosse.  
Saint Elyn.    


F  
Funnon Llegoe.    


G  
Gastell Flu.  
Girch Flu.  
Guffin Flu.  
Guffin.  
Gwely Flu.  
Gwelyn Island.  
Gwider.    


K  
Saint Katherins.  
Kenhayerne Chapel.  
Kerig Chapel.  
Keveamulch.  
Kreky the Castle.  
Kydeo.    


L  
Llanaber.  
Llanarmon.  
Llanbeblin.  
Llanbedro.  
Llanbeder.  
Llanberis.  
Llyn Llanberis.  
Llancastyn.  
Llandaguinnim.  
Llandidno.  
Llandidwen.  
Llandigaio.  
Llandrighla.  
Llandurog.  
Llangeby.  
Llangedol Chapel, or Pentire.  
Llangenvill Chapel.  
Llanghennyn.  
Llangustennyn.  
Llanken.  
Llanlledhyd.  
Llanlleveny,  
Llannor.  
Llanpenmachno.  
Llanrughwen.  
Llannyhangle.  
Enreage.  
Llanihangle.  
Maghholet.  
Llannunda.  
Llanyngan.  
Llanstidwy.  
Llanthaniolen.  
Llanvaier vachan.  
Llanvaier Iskaer.  
Llanvaie Irise.  
Llanvaglan.  
Llanvylhayrne.  
Lledder Flu.  
Lleggy Flu.  
Llenony Flu.  
Lloinderis.  
Glyn Llynan.  
Llynan Flu.  
Llyndothadern.  
Llynhaladoylen.  
Llynkeggil.  
Llynmumber.  
Llyntrevennin.  
Llynnydulyn.  
Llynyga.    


M  
Madryn.  
Mapanab.  
May Flu.  
Mercrosse Island.  
Mildeyrne.  
Monithnuehill.    


N  
Nangunadle.  
Naulle.  
NEWIN.    


O  
Ogwen chapel.  
Ormeshead point.    


P  
Penlleache.  
Penmen maur.  
Penmen bychan.  
Pen morvay.  
Penry.  
Penryn.  
Penvenkle point.  
Pistill.  
Porlerit Flu.  
Porthathuferye.  
PULL LHELY.    


R  
Rhiw.  
Ryvill Hill.    


S  
Saint Flu.  
Sinadon Castle.  
Snowdown Hill.  
Stidwell Island.    


T  
Teduelion.  
Thenuio.  
Traythe Maur.  
Trevelis.  
Tycomer point.      

ANGLESEY. CHAPTER XV.  

The first name.  ANGLESEY was in the time of the Romans called Mona, by the Britain's Mon, and Tir-Mon (that is) the Land of Mon, of the ancient English Saxons Moneg: And at last, after the Englishmen had by their sharp and several assaults brought it under their rule, and became Lords thereof, it was termed Anglesey, as one would say, The Englishmen Island.  

The form.  (2) For, an Island it is, albeit it be severed from the Continent of Britain, but with a small and narrow strait of the River Menai, and on all other parts beaten upon with the surging and troublous Irish sea, in which it lieth somewhat square-wise, not much different in length and breadth; being where it reacheth out in length, 
Length.  from Beaumarish Eastward to the utmost Promontory Westward, which we call Holy-head, twenty miles, and in breadth from Llanbaderik Northward, 
Breadth,  to the point of Menai Southward, seventeen miles; the whole circuit or circumference amounting towards seventy miles.  

Aire.  (3) The air is reasonable grateful and healthful, and not generally subject to diseases, excepting certain Agues at sometimes, which are occasioned by the fogs and mi●ty exhalations, which arise from the Sea, called Mare Virginium, with the which this Isle is encompassed.  

Commodities.  (4) The commodities that commend (or rather beautify) this County, are in corn and cattle, wherewith it not only enricheth itself exceedingly, but sendeth out great provision thereof to others to supply their defects: and although the ground may seem dry and stony, or unpleasant and nothing sightly, wherein for the outward quality it resembleth some other parts of Wales, that are not so fruitful, yet for the inward bounties of nature, it is far unlike: for above all the coasts of Wales it is most plentiful of Wheat, in so much as by Giraldus Cambrensis report, they are wont to say in Welsh, by way of a Proverb, 
A Welsh Proverb.  Mon Mam Cambry, which is to say, Mon is the mother of Wales; for that when other Country's harvest fails round about, or their provision is exhausted and drawn dry, this alone, like a provident & full-brested mother, is able to sustain the rest. Whereunto Nature most povidently hath added another benefit serviceable and necessary to the former, in that the Country produceth also those kind of stones which are called Molares, as of all other fittest to make Millstones or Grind-stones. 
Grindstones.  In some places also it yieldeth an earth of Aluminous quality, out of which some not long since began to make Alom and Coperose, 
Alum.  who (like unflesht soldiers) gave over their enterprise without further hope, because at first they saw it not answer their overhasty expectations.  

Inhabitants.  (5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices, mentioned before in the precedent Provinces of Denbighshire, Flintshire, and Carnarvon-shire. And this very Island was that ancient, & so much ennobled seat of the British Druids, who so amated the army of Roman invaders, as Tacitus reports, & as elsewhere we have related in the 6t Book and 7th chapter of our ensuing History.  
(6) This Nation was attempted first by Paulinus Suetonius in the reign of Nero, 
Roman Governor.  but brought under the Roman Empire by julius Agricola. When the Empire of the Romans in Britain began to decline and go downward, 
Jnvaded by the Irish.  some out of Ireland entered into this Isle by stealth, and nestled themselves there, as may be gathered by certain Mounts of earth entrenched about, and yet to be seen, which they call the irishmen's Cottages: as also by a place named of the Irishmen, yn Hiericy Gwidil, who did there (as is recorded) put the Britain's to flight under the leading of Sirigus. The Norwegians also were often infestuous to this Island, but K. Ethelreds' Fleet, having in the year 1000 scoured the Seas round about this Isle, far exceeded all both Irish and Norwegian depopulations, for they wasted the Country in all hostile manner.  
(7) After this, two hugh's, both Normans, did greatly afflict this Island. The one being Earl of Chester, and the other of Shrewesbury; at which very time Maginus the Norwegian arriving there, shot Hugh Earl of Shrewesbury thorough with arrow, and departed after he had ransacked the Island. It was afterwards grievously infested by the Englishmen, who never gave over from time to time to invade it, until in the reign of King Edward the first, 
Edward the first.  it was wholly brought under his subjection.  
(8) The principal Town in this Isle is Beaumarish, 
Beau-mariso chief town.  which the said King Edward the first built in the East side thereof, and for the fair situation, though in a Moorish place, gave it the name which it now beareth, whereas in times past it was called Bonover, which he also fortified with a goodly Castle.  
(9) The Major is the chiefest Magistrate of the Town, 
The Government of Beaumarish.  who is yearly chosen, and hath the assistance and help of two Bailiffs, two Sergeants at Mace, and one Town-clerk: by whose careful diligence the affairs of this Town are orderly managed and commanded: whose latitude is 54. and longitude 15.45. minutes.  
(10) Not far from hence is Lhaanvais, in times past a fair Religious house of the Friar's Minors, 
Antique Religious houses.  which although it be now in a manner razed out of memory, yet antiquity maketh mention that it hath been of great regard among the Kings of England, who have showed themselves very bountiful Patrons unto that Covent, both in respect of the sanctimonious life of such as conversed there, as also because there the bodies of very eminent persons (as the daughter of K. john, 
Many English Nobility there buried.  the son of a King of the Danes, as likewise of many great Lords, Knights and Squires) were interred, that were slain in the wars against the Welsh, in the times of many illustrious Kings of England.  
(11) This Isle is reckoned to have had anciently many Villages in it, even to the number of three hundred threescore and three; and the same even at this day is very well peopled.  
The division of this Isle for disposition of affairs that belong either to the state of the Crown, 
The partition of this Shire.  or to the condition of the country, is into six hundreds: in which are seated two Market-towns, and seventie-foure Parish-Churches for Gods divine honour and worship, as is Alphabetically gathered in the Table following.   map of Anglesey 
ANGLESEY Anciently called MONA. Described 1680  

¶ An Alphabetical Table of all the Towns, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Anglesey.  


HUNDREDS in Anglesey.  
1. TAlibolion.  
2. Twrkelyn.  
3. Llyfon.  
4. Malltraeth.  
5. Meney.  
6. Tyndaythwy.   


A  
Aberfro, Mall.  
Abermenai ferry, Meney.  
Allow Flu.  
Amlwoch, Twrk.    


B.  
BEWMARIS, Tyn.  
Boddon, Mall.  
Bodedrin, Llyf.  
Bodmon hill, Twrk.  
Bodowerucha, Meney.  
Bodowerissa, Meney.  
Bodwrog, Lly.  
Brant Flu.  
Brant Flu.    


C  
Caergiby, Taly.    


D  
Dinas wethon, Taly.  
Dula's Flu.    


G  
Gronait, Taly.  
Gweger Flu.  
Gynt Flu.    


H  
Hardravie, Meney.  
Henregadog, Men.  
Hillary point, Twrk.  
Holy-head, Taly.    


I  
Inys wealth, Llyf.  
Inys lygod, Twrk.  
Chapel Ithon, Twrk.    


K  
Saint Katherins, Tyn.  
Kevenye Flu.  
Kirghhiog, Llyf.    


L  
Llanallgo, Twrk.  
Llanarghymeath. T.  
Llanbabo, Taly.  
Llanbadrig, Taly.  
Llanbedor, Tyn.  
Llanbeullan, Llyf.  
Llanddniolvab, Mene.  
Llandegvayne, Tyn.  
Llandruum, Meney.  
Llandona, Tyn.  
Llandourodok Twrk.  
Llandisilio, Tyn.  
Llandrygarn, Llyf.  
Llandifrydog, Twrk.  
Llaneaston, Tyn.  
Llanedwen, Meney.  
Llaneigred, Twrk.  
Llaneleth frenyn, Twrk.  
Llanelian, Twrk.  
Llanfechel, Taly,  
Llhanfinan, Meney.  
Llanflewin, Taly.  
Llangaffo, Meney.  
Llangefin, Meney.  
Llangnewin, Meney.  
Llangriftioles, Mall.  
Llangourday, Tyn.  
Llangoyhlog, Mall.  
Llangwildog, Llyf.  
Llangwyfen, Mall.  
Llangyd, walader, Mall.  
Llangynwen, Mall.  
Llanheneglos, Mall.  
Llanllawen vawryn ros golyn, Mene.  
Llanllibio, Llyf.  
Llanridfel, Meney.  
Llanridlad, Taly.  
Llauroderis, Twrk.  
Llanrwydries, Taly.  
Llansadurne, Tyn.  
Llansanfraid, Taly.  
Llanthowywer, Me.  
Llanthufuam, Tyn.  
Llanvachraith, Taly.  
Llanvaethly, Taly.  
Llanvaier, up wradige, Twr.  
Llanvaier, Taly.  
Llanvaiet eubroll, Llyf.  
Llanvaier Inhenering, sithay, Tyn.  
Llanvair ycromwd, Men.  
Llanvaiergwin pull gingill, Ty.  
Llanvair ynghowrnyw, Tal.  
Llanvailog, Llyf.  
Llanvais, Tyn.  
Llanverion, Mall.  
Lanvigail, Taly.  
Llanvihangle ymhemros, Twr.  
Llanvihangell, Llyf.  
Llanvihangle yskiwiog, Men.  
Llanvihangell trefz bard, Tw.  
Llanuwrog, Taly.  
Llnwenllwife, Twrk.  
Llanyddeysant, Taly.  
Llanyughenell, Llyf.  
Llanyhangel, Tyn.  
lany trysavit, Llyf.  
Llech rid, Llyf.  
Llech-gyn farwy, Llyf.  
Llinon Flu.  
Lloydearth, Twrk.  
Lluidon, Meney.  
Llyn Corran, Mall.    


M  
chapel Maier, Mall.  
Malltraeth Flu.  
Mathhanan Flu.  
Menai flu.    


N  
NEWBURGH, M.  
Place Newith, Tyn.    


P  
Penmynid, Meney.  
Pentreath, Tyn.  
Pontrid pont, Taly.  
Pontourid, Tyn.  
Porthambles, Mene.  
Porthathuferye, Tyn.  
Preceadduet, Llyf.  
Prestholme Island, Tyn.  
The Priorye, Tyn.    


R  
Redgynt, Meney.  
Redigilio, Meney.  
Rosbeiro, Twrk.  
Rownd Table hill, Tyn.    


S  
Saint Sirian, Tyn.  
The Sound, Tyn.    


T  
chapel Talallayn, Mall.  
Talyllin, Twrk.  
Tresdraeth, Mall.  
Tregavon, Mene.  
Trevarthin, Mene.  
Trewalchmay, Llyf.  
Trysylwin hills, Tw.    


Y  
Ycoedon, Twrk.  
Chapel Yloughroid. Taly.        

THE THIRD BOOK: Containing, A GENERAL VIEW OF THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND: THE COUNTIES DIVIDED, AND LANDS THEREOF DESCRIBED, AS BY OTHERS HATH BEEN OBSERVED.  
WITH A BRIEF RELATION OF SUNDRY MEMORABLE THINGS THEREIN CONTAINED.  
BY JOHN SPEED.  
LONDON, Printed by john Legatt, for William Humble. 1646.  
Cum Privilegio.   


DIEV ET MON DROIT  
✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MALFATO ✚ Y ✚ PENSE    

The Divisions of SCOTLAND. THIS KINGDOM IS PRINCIPALLY DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS; NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE RIVER TAYE.  
IN THE NORTH. COUNTRIES. 1 Loquabrea. Buquhan. 8 2 Braidalbin. Murray. 9 3 Perth. Rosse. 10 4 Athol. Sutherland. 11 5 Anguish. Cathanes. 12 6 Mern. Strathnavern. 13 7 Marr.  IN THE SOUTH. 1 Teifidale. Arran. 12 2 Merch. Cluydesdale. 13 3 Lauden. Lennox. 14 4 Liddesdale. Stirling. 15 5 Eskedale. Fife. 16 6 Annandale. Strathern. 17 7 Niddesdale. Menteith. 18 8 Galloway. Argile. 19 9 Carack. Cantire. 20 10 Kyle. Lorn. 21 11 Cunningham.   

SUBDIVIDED, ACCORDING TO THEIR CIVIL GOVERNMENT.  COUNTRIES. OR SHERIFDOMES. Edinburgh. Perth. Linlythque. Clackmannan. Selkirk. Kinros. Roxburgh. Fife. Peblis. Kincardin. Berwick. Forfair. Lanark. Aberden. Renfrew. Bamff. Dunfreis. Elgin. Wighton. Forres. Air. Narne. Bute. innerness. Argyle. Cromartie. Tarbet. Orknay. Dunbarton. Shetland. STEWARDIES. Menteith. Kircudbright. Strathern. Annandale.  BAILERIES. Kyle.  Carrick.  Cunningham.  CONSTABLERY. Hadington.   


ALL FOR THE BEST    


THE TYPE OF THE FAMOUS KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND, WITH A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SUNDRY THINGS REMARKABLE THEREIN. CHAPTER I  
SCOTLAND, the second Kingdom of Great Britain, and the North part of the Island, hath on the East the German Ocean, on the North, the Orkneyes, and Deucalidon Sea, the West affronted with Ireland, and the South hath the River Tweed, the Cheviot Hills, and the adjacent Tract, reaching to the Sulway Sands, whereby it is separated from England.  
(2) This Kingdom is fair and spacious, and from these South-borders spreadeth itself wide into the East and West, till again it contracts itself narrower unto the Northern Promontories: furnished with all things befitting a famous Kingdom; both for Aire and Soil, Rivers, Woods, Mountains, Fish, Fowle, and Cattle, and Corn so plenteous, that it supplieth therewith other Countries in their want. The people thereof are of good feature, ●●●ong of body, and of courageous mind, and in wars so venturous, that scarce any service of note hath been performed, but that they were with the first and last in the field. Their Nobility and Gentry are very studious of learning, and all civil knowledge; for which end they not only frequent the three Universities of their own Kingdom (S. Andrews, Glasco, and Edinburgh, the Nurseries of Piety, and Mansions of the sacred Muses) but also much addict themselves to travel into foreign Countries.  
(3) The Counties contained in this Kingdom are many, and every where bestrewed with Cities, Towns, and Borrows, as is that of England: and, as England, I intended to describe it, had I not been happily prevented by a learned Gentleman of that Nation, 
M. Timothy Ponn.  who hath most exactly begun, and gone through the greatest difficulties thereof; to build upon whose foundations, I hold it injurious: and am so far from any ambition to prevent his noble purposes, that I heartily wish all happy furtherances thereto, with a longing desire to see, by his industrious labours, another Scene added to the perfecting of the Theatre of Britain's Glory.  
(4) Yet, in the mean while, lest I should seem too defective in my intendments, let me without offence (in this third, though short Book) give only a general view of that Kingdom, upon observations from others; which to accomplish by mine own survey (if others should hap to fail, and my crazy aged body will give leave) is my chief desire; knowing the Island furnished with many worthy remembrances appertaining both unto them and us, whom GOD now hath set under one Crown: and the rather, for that their more Southern people are from the same Original with us the English, being both alike the Saxon branches: as also, that the Picts anciently inhabiting part of that Kingdom, were the inborn Britain's, and such as thither fled to avoid the Roman servitude: whose names began first to be distinguished under Dioclesian the Emperor, 
Cambde. Brit●in d●script. Pict.  when they were termed Picti, for painting their bodies, like the Britain's, as saith Flavius Vegetius: which is more strengthened, 
English Annals.  for that the Northern Britain's converted by Saint Columb, are called Britain Picts.  
(5) But the Highland-men (the natural Scot indeed) are supposed to descend from the Scythians, who with the Geteses infesting Ireland, left both their Issue there, and their manners, apparent in the Wild Irish even to this day: And from Scythae (as is thought) the name of Scot grew; for so the Netherlanders by Scutten express indifferently the Scythian or Scot: so Gildas calleth the Irish Britain's, Scythians: so King Elfred in translating the History of Orosius, turneth Scotos into Scyttan: and so saith Walsingham, from one and the same original Scythae, Scytici, Scotae, Scotici, take their names, as from Getae, Getici, Gothi, Gothici have done.  
(6) Their Manners were alike, saith Diodurus Siculus, and Strabo, and their garments not much differing, as by Sidonius Apollinaris may be gathered, where he seemeth rather to describe the modern Wild Irish, than the antic Get. Notwithstanding this Nations Original by some hath been derived from Scota, the supposed Daughter of the Egyptian King Pharaoh, that nourished Moses, afterwards married unto Gaithelus, the son of Cecrops, (Founder of Athens) who first seating in Spain, passed thence into Ireland, and lastly into Scotland, where his wife Scota gave Name to the Nation; if we believe that they hit the mark, who shoot at the Moon.  
(7) But that the Scythians came into Spain, (besides the Promontory bearing their Name Scythicum) Silius Italicus, a Spaniard born, doth show, who bringeth the Concavi, a Nation therein seated, from the Massagetae, which were the Scythians; and the Sarmatae, whom all confess to have been Scythians, were the builders (as he saith) of the City Susanna in Spain. And how from Spain they possessed themselves of Ireland, (at the time when the Kingdom of judah flourished) Ni●ius the Disciple of Elvodugus doth tell, and their own Histories of Nemethus and Delas, besides Cisnerus and others, do show; who were first known by the name of Scots, as is gathered out of Porphyry (alleged by S. Jerome) in the Reign of Aurelianus the Emperor. Gildas calleth them the Irish Spoilers: Giraldus, A Scotish Nation, descended from Ireland: which in regard of them by Eginhardus is termed The Isle of Scots: by Beda, The I'll inh●bited by the Scots; and by other Historians, Scotland the great; as their seat in Britain was called Scotland the less.  
(8) These, 
Beda lib. 1. c. 1.  when the Roman Empire was far in the wane, burst into Britain under Reuda their Captain, who entering amity with the Picts, possessed the North part of the Island, and assisted them against the Britain's, then ready to fall, when the Romans were gone. But these afterward entertaining dissensions amongst themselves, put the hazard of their estates on the trial and chance of one day's battle, fought betwixt them in the year of Salvation, 740. wherein the Picts not only lost their lives, but soon after even their very name also, and Fortune crowning the Scots with victory, advanced their Kingdom unto such fame and strength, that the same hath long continued without any absolute Conquest or surprise, against the assaults of whatsoever enemies.  
(9) Scotland's South part in Galloway, washed with the water of Solway Bay, toucheth the degree 56. of Latitude, and thence inbosoming many Loughes and In-lets upon the East and West, extendeth itself unto the degree 60. and 30. minutes; whose Longitude is likewise laid betwixt the degree 13. and 19 and the same grown very narrow, being so near the North-Pole, as lying directly under the hindermost Stars of the Greater Bear.  
(10) The whole Kingdom is divided into two parts by the great River Tay; the South whereof is the more populous, and more beautified in manners, riches, and civilities the North more rude, retaining the customs of the Wild-Irish, the ancient Scot, in whose several Territories these Counties ensuing are contained.  
 South.  North. Teifidale. Galloway. Stirling. Loqunbreo. Buquhan. Merch. Carrack. Fife. Braidalbin. Murrey. Laudien. Kyle. Strathern. Perth. Rosse. Liddesdale. Cunningham. Menteith. Athol. Sutherland Eskedale. Arran. Argile. Aug●is. Cathanes. Annandale Cluidesdale. Cantire. Merns. Strathnavern. Niddesdale Lennox. Lorne. Mar.    map of Scotland 
THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND  
Amongst the things worthy of note of Antiquity in this Kingdom, most memorable was that Fortification drawn from Abercorne upon the Frith of Edinburgh, unto Alcluyd, now Dunbritton, opening upon the West Sea, where julius Agricola set the limit of the Roman Empire; past which, saith Tacitus, there was not other bounds of Britain to be sought for: and that here the second Legion Augusta, and the twentieth Legion Victrix, built a part of the Wall, certain Inscriptions there digged up, and reserved at Dunloyr and Cader, do witness: as also an ancient coped Monument of an high and round compass, which, as some think, was a Temple consecrated unto the god Terminus: others, a Trophy, raised by Carausius, who fortified this Wall with seven Castles, as Ninius doth declare.  
(12) At this place began the great and dark Wood Caledonia, famous for the wild white Bulls that therein were bred, whose Manes were Lion-like, thick and curled, of nature fierce and cruel, and so hateful to mankind, that they abhorred whatsoever was by them handled or breathed upon: these Woods stretched far and wide with many turnings, dark shades, and dreadful dens, and so famous in the Roman Writers, that they often used that name for all Britain; whose inhabitants were the last in this Island, that yielded their necks to the yoke of subjection, as shall appear in our following Story.  
(13) Ninius a Britain is recorded to have converted the South-Picts unto the Faith of Christ, in the Reign of Theodosius the younger, and the Church in Galloway bearing his name doth witness it: so likewise in the same age Palladius sent from Pope Celestine, become an Apostle unto the Scots, whose relics lay enshrined at Fordon in Mernis, as was verily supposed: but that Christianity had been formerly planted in this uttermost Province, is testified by Tertullian, in saying the Britain's had embraced the faith further than the Romans had power to ●ollow or persecute them, whereupon Peter Monk of Clun in Spain, concludeth their conversion to be more ancient than the Southern Britain's.  
(14) But touching things observable for the present, surely admirable is the report of the plenty of Cattle, Fish, and Fowl there abiding: their Neat but little, yet many in number: Fish so plentiful, that men in some places (for delight) on horseback hunt Salmon with Spears: and a certain Fowl, which some call Soland Geese, spreading so thick in the Air, that they even darken the Sun's light; of whose flesh, feathers, and oil, the Inhabitants in some parts make great use and gain; yea, and even of Fishes brought by them, abundant provision for diet, as also of the sticks (brought to make their nests) plentiful provision for fuel.  
(15) With these, as of wonders, I might speak of the natures of those two famous Loughes, Lomund and Nessa, the latter whereof never freezeth in Winter, though never so extreme, and the waters of the other most raging in the fairest and calmest weather, wherein also floateth an Island that removeth from place to place, as the wind forceth her spongeous and unfastened body. In Buquhan upon the banks of Ratra is a Well, whose trickling drops turn (in Pyramidy-wise) into hard stone, and another near Edinburgh that floateth with Bitumen. In Dee and Done, besides the admired plenty of Salmon, is found a Shellfish, called the Horse-muskell, wherein Pearls are engendered, most precious for Physic, and some of them so Orient, that they give not place to the choicest.  
(16) No less strange than any the forementioned waters, but more lamentable is the remembrance of the great inundation, happening by the sudden rising of Tay, which bore away the Walls and Town of Birth, and with it the Cradle and young son of King William into the Sea, wherein the Royal Infant with many others perished, the King and his Courtiers hardly escaping the danger, with life. The ●uine of this Town raised another more famous, and more commodiously seated, even Perth, since called Saint johns-towne.  
(17) Island and Inlets yielding both beauty and subjection to this Scottish Kingdom, are the Western, the Orknayes, and the Shetlands, reckoned to be above three hundred in number; their Inhabitants for the most part using the frugality of the ancient Scot  
(18) The Western lying scattered in the Deucalidonian Sea, were anciently ruled by a king of their own, whose maintenance was out of their common Coffers, and the Regal authority never continued in Lineal succession, for (to prevent that) their Kings were not permitted to have wives of their own, but might by their Laws accompany with other men's: as the like 
* Hect. Boet. lib. cap. 12.  Law was in the other parts of Scotland, that the Virginity of all new wives, 
That Law was made by King Edwin the 3.  should be the Landlords prey, till King Malcolm enacted, that 
* Which is yet called the Merchets of women.  half a marked should be paid for redemption. The residence of those forementioned Kings, was chiefly in Ila, Bunals, and jona, now Columbkill, where (as Donald Munro, who traveled thorough these Island reporteth) are three Tombs, having the several Inscriptions of the Kings of Scotland, of Ireland, and of Norway.  
(19) Among these Western Lands, the Hebrides, Sky, Mula, Ila, and Arran, are the greatest: All of them plentiful of Corn, Woods, Salmon, and Herrings, as others of Coneys, Dear, Horses, and Sheep, where in some they are wild, and in others without any owners; but the people uncivil, and lacking Religion, they rather live rudely in state of necessity, then as Lords of these portions which God hath allotted them; and with a sufferable ease, ignorant of ambition, enjoy those contentments, which some others (though they no great sum) do more laboriously attain unto by the Precepts of Philosophy: for, feeding themselves with competency without any excess, they return all the overplus unto their Lords, as do the Inhabitants of Hirta and Rona; but alas, Religion not known among them, these penurious virtues are rather the curses of Cham, than the followings of Christ, who forbids us to be too careful for the morrow.  
(20) The Isles of Orkenay upon the North of Scotland, lying in a most raging and tempestuous Sea, are about three and thirty in number, whereof thirteen are inhabited, and the other replenished with Cattle: in these are no venomous Serpents, nor other ugly vermin; the air sharp and healthful, and the soil apt to bear only Oats and Barley, but not a stick of wood: among these, Pomonia is the greatest, accounted and called the Maine-land, affording six Minerals of Lead and Tin, and in her chief Town a Bishops See: wherein are seated twelve Parish-Churches, one of them very Magnificent for so remote a Country.  
(21) Of all the Romans, julius Agricola first discovered the Orkenayes; yea, and subdued them, if we will believe Tacitus: but Pomponius Mela, that wrote thirty years before him, doth mention them, and Invenal in Hadrians time after him, tells us the Romans had won them; and lastly, Claudian nameth Saxons that were slain in them, and so doth Ninius name Octha and Ebissus, Saxon Commanders, who in their roving Pinnaces wasted the Orkenayes. These Island Donald Bune the usurper of the Scottish Crown, gave to the King of Norway for his assistance, and by the Norwegians were they held the space of an hundred and sixty years, until that Alexander the third King of Scotland, with sword and composition got them from Magnus the fourth, King of Norway, which afterward King Haquin confirmed unto King Robert Bruce: but lastly, Christian the first, King of Norway and Denmark, utterly renounced all his right to those Lands, when he gave his Daughter in marriage unto King james the third, which deed was further ratified by the Pope, who openeth the way to the possession of Kingdoms with his own key.  
(22) More North, and further than this Chart could well express, lie the Isles of Shetland, of some thought to be Thule, and by the Commenter upon Horace, the Fortunate Island, where as Tzetzes fabuleth, the souls of good men are ferried into those Elysian fields that ever grow green, and whence julius Caesar could hardly be drawn, as Muretus hath written: but their fictions intended only that the vert●●●●s souls of the dead passed the uttermost bounds of earthly abode, and attained to an over-pleasing repose, and ever-flourishing happiness; which whether they borrowed from the description of Paradise, (taken both for a fair Garden and the souls happy rest) I cannot define; but sure they would not have made those fields always green, if they had seen how they lie ever covered with Ice and Snow, being in the 36. degree of Latitude, as Ptolemie hath placed it, where (for the most part) is a continual Winter: but for proof that this was the Thule, besides Ptolemies Positure, Saxon Grammaticus betwixt Norway and Scotland hath placed it; and Solinu●, two days sailing from the point of Caledonia: and Tacitus saith, that the Romans kenned Thule afar off, as they sailed about Britain by the Orcadeses: and lastly, Mela maketh it to face Berge a City in Norway.    

THE FOURTH BOOK Containing, THE KINGDOM OF IRELAND.  
WITH AN EXACT chorographical DIMENSION OF THE PROVINCES THEREIN CONTAINED, AND THOSE AGAIN DIVIDED INTO THEIR SEVERAL COUNTIES.  
TOGETHER, With a compendious Description of that NATION, and LAND'S COMMODITIES.  
BY JOHN SPEED.  
LONDON, Printed by john Legatt, for William Humble, 1646.  
Cum Privilegio.   

THE PARTICULAR COUNTIES IN THE FOUR SEVERAL PROVINCES OF IRELAND, AS NOW THEY ARE DIVIDED, AND LIMITED.  
MONSTER, 


Limmerick.  
Kery.  
Cork.  
Waterford.  
Desmond.  
Holy Cross, in Typperary.    LEINSTER, 


East Meath.  
West Meath.  
Kilkenny.  
Caterlough.  
Queen's County.  
King's County.  
Kildare.  
Weshford.  
Dubline.    CONNAUGHT, 


Clare, or, Towmund.  
Gallaway.  
Maio.  
Slego.  
Letrim.  
Roscoman.    ULSTER, 


Dunghall, or, Tyrconnell.  
Tyrone-upper.  
Tyrone-nether.  
Farmanagh.  
Cavon.  
Monaghan.  
Colran.  
Antrim.  
Down.  
Armagh.  
Lough.      


DIEV ET MON DROIT  
✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MALFATO ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚    


IRELAND, AS IT WAS, AND IS INHABITED, THE SITE AND COMMODITIES OF THE 1LAND DESCRIBED AND DECLARED.  

How Ireland hath been named in times past.  THE Traditions of time have delivered unto us divers names, whereby this famous Island is recorded to have been called: yet none of more fair probability, then that of Orpheus, Aristotle, and Claudian, by whom it is named jerna: by juvenal and Mela called Inverna: by Diodorus Siculus, 
The divers names of Ireland.  Iris: by Martian of Heraclea, joyepnia: by Eustachius, Oyernia, and Bernia: by the native Inhabitants, Erya: by the Britain's, Yuerdon: the Welsh-bards in their Ballads, Trivolas Totidanan, and Banno: and by the English, Ireland. But from whence these diversities were derived, arise many opinions. Doubtless it is, that Hibernia, Inverna and Overnia, came from jerna, spoken of by Orpheus and Aristotle; 
Orpheus. Aristotle.  and the same jerna, as also Iris, juerdhon, and Ireland, and Erin, the term that the Inhabitants now use. From this Erin therefore (a word proper to the Nation) the original is most likely to be deduced.  
(2) Some derive Hibernia from Hiberno tempore, that is, from the Winter season; some from Hiberus a Spaniard; some from a Duke named Irnalph; 
Eulogi●m.  some again from the ancient River Iberus, and some from Heir, an Irish word, which signifieth the West, or a western coast, whence Erin may also seem to fetch the derivation: for it lieth furthest Westward of any Region in all Europe. As also for that the River running in the most remote West part of this Island, is in Ptolemy called jernus: like as the furthest western Promontory in Spain, 
Ptol Geogr. c. 1.  from whence our Irish men came, is by Strabo called jerne, and the River next unto it, by Mela, jerna: 
Ireland a Western Island.  yea, and Spain itself, for the Western situation, is called Hesperia: the West-Cape of Africa, Hesperium; and in Germany, Westrich and Westphanlen from their position have their names. 
In his public readings in Paris upon Pomponius Mela.  Postelius (a man that rather followed his own fancy, than the judgement of others) fetcheth the original of Ireland from the Hebrews, as if Irin should be as much as jurin, that is, the jews land: which opinion I hold no better, 
Vain conjectures.  than those that would have it from the Winter-like storms, although upon every wind the air is cold there.  

Festus Avienus, in his Orae maritimae.  (3) Festus Avienus, in that little book which he entitled Orae maritimae, calleth Ireland, Sacram Insulam, that is, the holy Island: to which opinion the people are soon drawn, by reason of the many Saints that the Island is said to produce, 
No ven●mous Beasts in Ireland.  and the blessed soil that affords no venomous creatures to retain life. It is thought that Plutarch meant Ireland by his Ogygia, for her great antiquity; and of latter times by Isidore and Bede it was called Scotia, 
Ireland called Scotia.  of those Scots that inhabited it: and that thence the name of Scotland, together with the Scots themselves, came into Britain.  
(4) For largeness and circuit, in times past, this Island challenged the third place in rank of all the Isles of the then known world: 
Ireland the third Island for largeness in the world. The form of Ireland.  for thus have Geographers left us, that the Indian Taproban for greatness was the first, the I'll of Britain the next, and this of Ireland the third: and for that cause doth Ptolemy call it the little Britain. But howsoever Strabo hath extended the breadth, as broad as the length, and others have form it in shape like an egg, yet latter dimensions have found it far otherwise, twice longer than broad, and may be compared to the forelegge of a Bear, if the Simile breed no offence. 
The bounds.  Whose East side hath on it that tempestuous Sea that cutteth her channel betwixt England and this Ireland: the West is washed with the western Ocean; the North with the Deucaledonian; and the South with the Verginian Sea.  

The air.  (5) The air of this Island is delectable and wholesome, though neither so clear nor subtle as is ours of England, which (as Mela saith) is nothing favourable for the ripening of Corn: 
Pompon. Mela.  but so grateful to the ground, that it causeth grass to grow abundantly, 
The plenty.  not only fresh and long, but withal very sweet for all Cattle, and in winter is more subject to wind then snow: and that I may use the words of Giraldus, 
Giral. Cambre.  It is of all Countries most temperate, neither forcing the Inhabitants to seek shade from the frying heat of Cancer, nor the chilling cold of Capricorn to drive them to the fire, but at all seasons most mild, betwixt a sufferable cold, and gentle warm heat.  
(6) The soil (saith Cambreusis) is uneven, 
The soil.  woody, wild, waterish and boggy, so full of Loghs and Meeres, that great ponds of water are found upon the high Mountains. These indeed make the places somewhat dangerous unto all new comers, by breeding of rheums, 
The danger.  dysenteries and fluxes, whose usual remedy is Vskebah, a wholesome Aqua vitae, that drieth more, and inflameth less, than many other hot confections.  
(7) The commodities of this Kingdom chiefly consist in Cattle, 
Commodities.  whose feed is so sweet and so rank, that they will soon graze to a surfeit, if they may be suffered to feed as they will. 
Pompon. Mela.  Their sheep are many, but bear not the best wool, which twice are shorn within one year. Of these they make Mantles, 
Mantles.  Caddowes, and Coverlets, vented from thence into foreign Countries. Their Hobbies likewise are of great esteem, 
Horses.  and are answerable to the gennets of Spain. Bees there are in such abundance, that honey is found in holes of old trees, 
Bees.  and in re●ts of the rocks. No annoyance of hurtful Snake or venomous creatures; and to speak all in a word, nothing wanting for profit or pleasure: for so much doth Giraldus affirm, in saying, that Nature had cast into this Western Kingdom of Zephyrus a more gracious eye than was ordinary.  
(8) Touching the original peopling of this fair Island, if you will believe their records, 
The ancient Inhabitants.  they make Antiquity itself but young unto themselves, affirming the damsel Caesarea, and niece unto Noah, to have found it out before the Flood; and that three hundred years after; when japhets' posterity took into these West-parts of the world, one Bartholanus of his Progeny, a Scythian by birth, encouraged by the late success of Nimrod (who now had intruded upon the Monarchy of Syria) wandered so far West, 
Bartholanus one of Noah's progeny.  that Fortune at last cast him and his people upon the coast of Ireland. There he settled with his three sons, Languinna, Salanus, 
His three sons, Languinna, Salanus, Ruthurgus.  and Ruthurgus, who searching through every creek and corner of the land, left their own names by three notable places, Languini, Stragrus, and Mount Salanga, which the revolution of times hath since called by other names, as S. Domincke-hill, Ruthurgi, and Stagnum. Under the government of these three sons, and their offspring, this Land was kept about three hundred years; at which time there arrived also in Ireland a Giantlike kind of people of Nimrods' race, 
Giants of the stock of Nimrod.  who in bodily shape exceeded the proportion of usual men, using their strength to win sovereignties, and to oppress with rapine and violence. These growing to numbers, accounted it necessary to prevent dominion, lest the curse of slavery (prophesied by Noah) should light upon them: to prevent the which, they set up a King of their own; then quarrels bred daily, either parties purposing to hold their interest by their swords: against whom, lastly a battle was fought, and an infinite company of Giants slain; when also died most of those of the posterity of japheth, leaving them of Cham Lords of the Island.  
(9) Whereupon Nemethus a Scythian, with his four sons, 
Starius. Garbancles. Anuinus. Fergusius.  arrived in Ireland, and by strong hand seated themselves among these Giants; where for two hundred and sixty years they kept, but then no longer able to hold out against them, they left their stand, and departed the Land.  
(10) Soon after, the five sons of Dela, descended from the said Nemethus, 
Gandius. Gevandius. S●gandus. Rutheranius. Slanius.  came into these coasts, and with manly prowess drove these miscreants out of Ireland, whereby the seed of Cham was utterly expelled, and these of japheth divided the Land into five parts, whereof they became themselves Kings: but falling at variance, gave advantage unto others, among whom the Britain's set in a foot.   map of Ireland 
THE KINGDOM OF IRLAND Divided into several Provinces, and then again divided into Counties Newly described.  
(12) These, by the direction, sufferance, and assistance of Gurguntius, King of the Britain's, after that Ireland had been very much dispeopled by a contagious Pestilence, seated themselves, and from the eldest, Hibernus, called the Island Hibernia, as some are of opinion: these divided the whole into five Provinces, 
Ireland divided into five Provinces.  famously known by the names of Monster, Leinster, Connaught, Ulster, and Meath in their midst: and from these the present Irish repute themselves to come. Yet surely, as I make no question, but that this Island became inhabited even of old time, when mankind again overspread the face of the earth, so doubt I not, but that our Britain's passed thereinto themselves, such infinite number of words in the Irish language yet in use, 
Irish & British word● agree. Tacit. in vita Agricolae.  such ancient names of Waters, Isles, Mountains, and Places, merely British words, yet remaining, and the testimony of Tacitus, who saith, that their manners were fashioned to the Britain's, enforceth so much; and Ptolemie before him, calleth that Island by the name of Little Britain: all which show a former interest for Ireland, then that which by conquest under Henry the second was made.  

Ireland never subject to the Romans.  (13) That it ever was subject to the Romans, is doubtful, though Agricola did wish it, and Tacitus held most necessary: yea, and in the division of their Empire, Ireland, with Britain and Thule, fell unto Constantine the son of Constantine the great; yet their manners unreclaimed, and barbarism retained long after those days, do witness no such civility sown, to be in that plot. But when Rome's great Empire began to grow less, the Scots or Scythians grew mighty in Ireland: 
Or●sius.  and as Or●sius writeth, that Island was wholly inhabited by the Scottish Nation in the days of Honorius and Arcadius, the Emperors: whose wars and slaughter, Claudian doth lightly touch in this his Verse.  
Scotorum cumulos flevit glacialis jerne.  
The frozen Ireland wept to see, her Scots all slain on heaps to be.  
(14) As these for the most part, by the testimony of Ninius, 
The manners and customs of the wild Irish. Strabo.  were the ancient Inhabitants, so by other ancient Writers, their customs and manners are thus set forth: Strabo saith, The Inhabitants of Ireland are more rude than the Britain's, they feed upon the flesh of men, yea, and think it a point of worth to eat their dead parents: want only they accompany with Women, making no difference of other men's wives, their own sisters, nor of their natural mothers: but of these things (saith he) we have no certain witness of sufficient credit. Pomponius Mela recordeth, 
Mela lib. 3. Soli. cap. 24.  that the Irish are uncivil, ignorant of virtues, and void of Religion. And Solinus affirmeth, that after victory they drink the blood of the slain, and be smear their own faces therewith; so given to war, that the mother at the birth of a manchild, feedeth the first meat into her infant's mouth, upon the point of her husband's sword, and with heathenish imprecations, wisheth that it may die no otherwise then in war, or by sword.  
(15) But from these ancient and barbarous manners, let us come to the conditions of their middle time; whom Giraldus Cambrensis describeth as followeth: 
Giraldus Cam.  The Irish (saith he) are a strong and bold people, martial and prodigal in war, nimble stout, and haughty of heart; careless of life but greedy of glory; courteous to strangers, constant in love, light of belief, impatient of injury, given to fleshly lusts, and in enmity implacable. At the baptising of their infants, their manner was, not to dip their right arms into the water, 
The mortal disposition of the Irish.  that so (as they thought) they might give a more deep and incurable blow; never calling them by the names of their Parents whilst they lived together, but at their death took it upon them. Their women nursed not the children they bore; and they that nursed others, did affect and love them much more than their own.  

The fantastical conceits of the Irish.  (16) So much were they given to fantastical conceits, that they held it very ominous to give their neighbour's fire upon May-day: to eat an odd egg, endangered the death of their horse: and before they cast in their seed, they send salt into the field: to hang up the shells in the roof, was a preservative of the chickens from the kite: to set up green boughs at their doors in the Month of May, increased their kines' milk: and to spit upon Cattle, the held it good against Witchery, whereof Ireland was full.  

Superstitious of the Irish.  (17) Superstitious Idolatry among the wild Irish was common, yielding divine honour unto the Moon after the change, unto whom they both bowed their knees, and made supplications; and with a loud voice would thus speak unto that Planet: 
Their gross Idolatry.  We pray thee leave us in as good estate as thou found'st us. Wolves they did make their Godsips, terming them Charl Christ, and so thought themselves preserved from their hurts: the hooves of dead horses they accounted and held sacred: about children's necks the hung the beginning of Saint john's Gospel, a crooked nail of an horse-shoe, or a piece of a Wolves skin; and both the sucking-child and nurse were girt with girdles finely plaited of women's hair: so far they wandered into the ways of error, in making these arms the strength of their healths.  
(18) Their wives were many, 
Many wives.  by reason of divorcements, and their maids married at twelve years of age, whose customs were to send their lovers, bracelets plaited, and curiously wrought of their own hair, so far following Venus in the knots of these allurements. 
The attire of the men.  The men wore linen shirts exceeding large, stained with Saffron, the sleeves wide, and hanging to their knees, straight and short trusses plated thick in the skirts, their breeches close to the thighs, a short skein hanging point down before, and a mantle most times cast over their heads. 
The attire of the women.  The women wore their hair plaited in curious manner, hanging down their backs and shoulders, from under solden wreathes of sine linen, rolled about their heads, rather loading the wearer then delighting the beholder: for as the one was most seemly, so the other was unsightly: their necks were hung with chains and carkaneths, their arms wreathed with many bracelets, and over their side-garments the shagge-rugge mantles purfled with a deep Fringe of divers colour: both sexes accounting idleness their only liberty, and ease their greatest riches.  
(19) In wars they were forward, 
Their manner in War.  and fought with Battleaxes, whose bearers were called Galloglasses, the common soldier but lightly armed, who served with darts and sharp skeines; their Trumpet was a Bagpipe, and word for encounter, Pharroh; which at the first onset with great acclamation they uttered, 
Their ridiculous conceits.  and he that did not, was taken into the air, and carried into the vale of Kerry, where transformed (as they did believe) he remained until he was hunted with hounds from thence to his home.  
(20) For the dying and dead they hired women to mourn, 
Their excessive mourning for their dead.  who expostulated with the sick, why he would die; and dead, at his Funeral such outcries were made, such clapping of hands, such howl and gestures, that one would think their sorrows unrecoverable, holding the opinion of Pythagoras for the souls departed.  
(21) Their diet in necessity was slender, 
Their diet.  feeding upon water-cresses roots, mushrooms, shamrogh, butter tempered with oatmeal, milk, whey, yea, and raw flesh, the blood being crushed out: their use was also to let their kine blood, which standing a while, and coming to a jelly, with butter they did eat, as a very good dish.  
(22) That the Gospel of Christ should be preached in Ireland by james the Apostle, 
Christianity in Ireland.  I will not affirm, though Vincentius hath said it: 
Vincentius li. 3. cap. 7.  neither will I, with the Scots, bring the Islands conversion from a Christian woman, who (as their Historians do avouch) first instructed the Queen, and the Queen her husband, and he again his Subjects, till all became Christians. But most true it is that the Scots first received the doctrine of Christ in this Kingdom of Ireland; for thus writeth Prosper: 
Pro. Aquitanus.  Celestine Pope of Rome sent his Archdeacon Palladius into Britain to withstand the Pelagian heresy, who at one time did drive out these enemies of grace, 
An. D. 431.  and ordained a Bishop among the Scots, Whereby that barbarous Nation embraced Christianity. 
Ninius.  Yet Ninius reporteth, that Palladius did nothing in neither, being taken away by untimely death: but that S. Patrick, borne at Eiburne in Cluedsdale, the son of Calphurus, by the sister of S. Martin, was the first Apostle for Ireland, who sowed his heavenly seed with such plentiful increase, that the soil itself shortly was called Sanctorum patria, 
Henricus Antisiodorenfis.  the Country of Saints: for whose Sepulchre after his death rose as great variance, as was for Homer among them of Greece: 
Strife for Patrick's bones.  they of Down challenged his grave to be with them, upon certain verses▪ written on a Tomb, which ascribes Patrick, Bridget and Columbe to be buried therein: they of Armagh lay claim by the warrant of S. Bernard, who saith, that Patrick in his life time there ruled, and after death there rested. Glascenbury in England by ancient records will have his body interred with them; and Scotland avoucheth his birth to be at Glasco, and bones to rest at Kirk Patrick with them: of such reverend esteem was this Irish Apostle.  
(23) This Patrick in his youth had been taken captive by the Irish Pirates, 
The life of S. Patrick.  and for six years' continuance served Macbuain as his slave, and keeper of his swine: in which dejected condition, so desirous he was of the Lands salvation: that in his dreams he thought the infant's unborn cried unto him for Baptism; and redeeming himself thence for a piece of gold found in the field, which a swine had turned up, in his aged years came back again into Ireland, preached the Gospel, converted the people, and lastly became Archbishop of Armagh. Of whose miracles and Purgatory, I leave others to speak; that are more credulous in the one, and have better leisure to relate the other, and will show thee Ireland as now it is, first in general, and then in parts.   

THis Province, called in Irish, Mown; in a more ordinary construction of speech, 
The Bounds.  Wown▪ in Latin, Momonis; and in English, Monster; lieth open southward to the Verg●vian Sea: 
South.  Northward, it affronteth part of Counaught: 
North.  The East is neighboured by Leinster: 
East.  and the West is altogether washed with the West Ocean. 
West.   

The length from South to North.  (2) The length thereof extended from Ballatimore Bay in her South, unto the Bay of Galway in her North, are about ninety miles. Her broadest part from East to West, 
The breadth from East to West.  is from Waterford Haven to Feriter Haven, and containeth an hundred miles. The whole circumference, by following the prom●taries and indents, are above five hundred and forty miles.  

The Form.  (3) The form thereof is quadrant or foure-square. The air mild and temperate, 
Air.  neither too chilling cold, nor too scorching hot. The soil in some parts is hilly, 
Soil.  looking aloft with woody, wild, and solitary mountains: 
Good and commodious.  yet the valleys below are garnished with corne-fields. And generally, all, both pleasant for sight, and fertile for soil.  

Ancient Inhabitants.  (4) This Province is at this day divided into two parts: that is, the West Monster, and the South Monster. The West Monster was inhabited in old time by the Luccui, 
Luceni. West.  the Velabri, 
Velabri. West.  and the Vicrim: 
Vicermi. West.  the South Monster by the Oudiae or Vodiae, and the Coriondi. The Velabri and Luceni are said (by Orosius) to have dwelled in that part of the Country, where it lieth outmost Westward, 
Oudiae. South. or Vodiae. South. Coriondi. South.  and passing towards the Cantabrian Ocean, looketh afar off to Gallitia in Spain The Luceni of Ireland (who seem to have derived their name and original from the Lucensii of Gallitia, and of whom there still remain some relics in the Barony of Lyxnauw) are supposed to have been seated in those parts that lie neighbouring upon the bank of the River Shennon. 
A supposal touching the Luceni.   
(5) The general commodities of this Province are Corn●, Cattle, Wood, 
The ri●h commodities of Monster.  Wool, and Fish. The last whereof, it affords in every place plenty and abundance of all sorts. But none so well known for the store of Herrings that are taken there, as is the Promontory cal●ed Eraugh, 
Spaniards and Portugals make here a good profit by fishing.  that h● between Bantre and Ballatimore Bay, whereunto every year a great Fleet of Spaniards and Portugals resort (even in the midst of Winter) to fish also for Gods.  
(6) The principal City of the Province is Limericke, which the Irish call Lowneagh, compassed about with the famous River Shennon, by the parting of the Channel. 
Limericke the chie●e of this Province.  This is a Bishops See, and the very Mart-Towne of Monster. It was first won by Reymond le Grosse an Englishman, afterwards burnt by Dunewald an Irish petty King of Thuetmond. Then in process of time, Philip Breos an Englishman was enfeoffed in it, and King john fortified it with a Castle, which he caused therein to be built. 
Fortified by King john Ann. 1332.  In this Castle certain Hostages making their abode in the year 1332. grew (as is reported) so full of pride and insolency, 
What happened in this City: by Insolency, by Valour.  that they slew the Constable thereof, and seized the Castle into their own hands. But the resolute Citizens, that could neither brook nor bear with such barbarous cruelty, did in revenge then show such manly courage and vivacity, as they soon after recovered the Castle again, 
The graduation of it.  repaying the Hostages in such hostile manner, as that they put them all to the sword without partiality. The position of this Town is by Mercator placed for Latitude 53. degrees 20. minutes; and for Longitude, 9 degrees and 34. minutes. near unto the River that Ptolemy calleth Daucona, and Giraldus Cambre●sis (by the alteration of some few letters) nameth Sauranus and Savarenus, which issueth ●ut of Muskerey Mountains, 
Cork City.  is seated the City Cork, graced also with another Episcopal dignity▪ (and with the Bishops See of Clon annexed unto it) which Giraldus calleth Corragia, the Englishmen Cork, and the native Inhabitants of the Country Corcach. 
Encompassed with wi●d Irish that often infest it.  This Town is so beset on every side with neighbouring, mole●t●rs, as that they are still constrained to keeps watch and ward, as it there lay continual siege against it. The Citizens of this place are all linked together in some one or other degree of affinity, 
The Irish Marriages.  for that they dare not match their daughters in marriage into the Country, but make contracts of matrimony one with another among themselves. In this place, that holy and religious man Briock is said to have his birth and breeding, who flourished among the Gaul, in that fruitful age of Christianity, and from whom the Diocese of Sanbrioch in Brittany Armori●a, commonly called S. Brieu, had the denomination.  

Waterford the second City in Ireland.  (7) The City which the Irish and Britain's call Porthlargy, and the English, Waterford, though it be last in place, yet is it not least in account, as being the second City of all Ireland, as well for the convenience and commodiousness of the Haven, 
Always loyal to the English Crown.  that affords such necessary aptitude for trade and traffic, as also for the faithful loyalty which it hath always showed to the Imperial Crown of England: for ever since it was won by Richard Earl of Pembroke, it still performed the obedience and peaceable offices of duty andervice unto the English, as they continued their course in the conquest of Ireland: whence it is that the Kings of England have from time to time endowed it with many large Franchises and l●berties, 
King Henry the s●venth his bounty to it.  which King Henry the seventh did both augment and confirm.  

Christianity in Ireland how it decayed.  (8) Although since the time if S. Patrick, Christianity was never extinct in this Country, yet the government being haled into contrary factions, the Nobility lawless, and the multitude wilful, it hath come to pass, that Religion hath wa●ed (with the temporal common sort) more cold and feeble, being most of them very irreligious, and addicted wholly to superstitious observations: 
Men turned into Wolfe-men.  for in some parts of this Province, some are of opinion, that certain men are yearly turned into Wolves, and made Wolfe-men. Though this hath been constantly affirmed by such as think their censures worthy to pass for currant and credible; yet let us suppose that happily they be possessed with the disease and malady that the Physicians call Lycanthropis, 
The effects of Melancholy.  which begetteth and engendereth such like fantasies through the malicious humours of Melancholy: and so oftentimes men imagine themselves to be turned and transformed into forms which they are not. Some again embrace another ridiculous opinion, 
A ridiculous opinion.  and persuade themselves, that he who in the barbarous acclamation and outcry of the Soldiers, which they use with great forcing and straining of their voices, when they join battle, doth not howte and make a noise as the rest do, 
Of mute soldiers in battle.  is suddenly caught from the ground, and carried as it were flying in the air, out of any Country of Ireland, into some desert valleys, where he feedeth upon grass, drinketh water, hath some use of reason, but not of speech, is ignorant of the present condition he stands in, whether good or bad: yet at length shall be brought to his own home, being caught with the help of Hounds and Hunters. 
A good motive for the converting of the Irish to Christ.  Great pity that the soul fiend and father of darkness should so grievously seduce this people with misbelief, and that these couriers be not chased away with the truth of Christian Religion, whereby as they carry much grace in their countenance●, they may also not be void of the inward grace of their souls and understanding.  
(9) This Province hath been sore wasted in the rebellions of Desmond, 
The Pope and King of Spain's bad dealings.  to whose aid Pope Gregory the thirteenth, and Philip K. of Spain, sent certain companies of Italians and Spaniards, who arrived not far from Dingle, fortified themselves, and gave it the name of Fort de Ore, sounding loud threats against the whole Country. 
Desmonds' rebellion suppressed by the Lord Grace, 8000. Spaniard's landed in Ireland.  But Arthur Baron Grey, Lord Deputy of Ireland, at the first onset decided their quarrel, by sheathing his sword in their bowels; and Desmond●earefully ●earefully flying into the Woods, was by a Soldier cut shorter by the head. And again, when the Kingdom of Ireland lay bleeding, and put almost to the hazard of the last cast, Don john D' Aquila, with eight thousand Spaniards (upon confidence of the excommunications of Pius the fifth, Gregory the thirteenth, and Clement the eight, Popes, all of them discharging their curses like unto thunderbolts against Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory) landed near unto Kinsal●, 
Tyrones' rebellion extinguished by the Lord Montioy.  presuming that the rebellions of Tyrone had turned the hearts of the Irish for Rome: Sir Charles Blunt Lord Montjoy, in the depth of Winter, and with his tired soldiers, so daunted their Spanish hearts, that with one victory he repressed their bragging boldness, and recovered the Irish that were ready to revolt.  
(10) God hath oftentimes showed his tender love and affection to this people, in laying his fatherly chastisements and afflictions upon them, 
Winds. Dearth. Famine.  sometimes by winds, sometimes by famine and dearth, and sometimes again by opening his hand of plenty into their laps to convert them to himself, and to divert their hearts from superstitions. In the year 1330. about the Feast of Saint john Baptist, 
Ann. 1330. what happened.  there began such a dearth of Corn in this Country, by the abundance of rain and the inundation of waters (which continued until Michacimas following) that a Cranoc of Wheat was sold for twenty shillings, 
More the same year.  a Cranoc of Oats for eight shillings, a Cranoc of Pease, Beanes, and Barley for as much. The winds the same year were so mighty, that many were hurt, and many slain outright by the fall of houses that was forced by the violence of the same. The like whereof were never seen in Ireland. 
Ann. 1317. the effects of it.  In the year 1317. there was such a dearth of corn and other victuals, that a Cranoc of Wheat was sold for twenty three shillings. And many Householders, that before time had sustained and relieved a great number, were this year driven to beg, and many famished. In the time of which famine, the mercy of God so disposed, that upon the 27. day of June, 
Ann. 1331. a miraculous relief.  in the year 1331. there came to land such a mighty multitude of great Sea-fish (that is) Thurs●eds, such as in many ages past had never been seen, that the people were much comforted in this distress, and received great relief and sustenance by the same.  
(11) Places of Religion in this Country, 
Religious places.  were the two Abbeys at Yoghall, called the North-Abbey and South-Abbey: The two Abbeys at Limcricke, S. Francis Abbey, and S. Dominicke Abbey: The two Abbeys at Cork, the Abbey of the I'll, and S. Francis Abbey: and the famous Abbey (in times past) of the holy Cross, which hath had many privileges and liberties granted unto it, in honour of a piece of Christ's Cross, 
An unprobable opinion of the Cross of Christ.  that was (as they say) sometimes preserved there. Thus were Christians persuaded in ancient times. And it is a wonder in what Troops and Assemblies people do (even yet) conflow thither upon devotion, as unto a place of holiness and sanctity: so firmly are they settled in the Religion of their Forefathers, 
The Irish misled by fault of their teachers.  which hath been increased beyond all measure by the negligent care of their Teachers, who should instruct their ignorance, and labour to reduce them from the errors they persevere in.  
This Province is governed by a Lord Precedent, 
The government of this Province.  who hath one Assistant, two learned Lawyers, and a Secretary to keep it in duty and obedience. It was in times past divided into many parts▪ as Towoun, that is North-Mounster; 
The old division of it.  Deswoun, that is, South Monster; Hierwoun, that is, West-Mounster; Mean-Woun, that is, Middle-Mounster; and Vrwoun, that is, the Front of Monster. But at this day it is distinguished into these Counties; 
The new at this day. King Henry the seconds grant. King Henry the sixts grant.  Kerry, Desmond, Limericke, Tipperary, Holy-Crosse, Waterford, and Cork: which County in times past had been a Kingdom, containing with it Desmond also: for so in the Grant given by King Henry the second unto Robert Fitz-Stephen, and to Miles de Cogan, it is called in these words: Know ye that I have granted the whole Kingdom of Cork, excepting the City and Cantred of the Oustmen, to hold for them and their heirs, of me and john my son, by the service of sixty Knights. The County of Waterford, 
Market towns▪ Castles.  King Henry the sixth gave unto john Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, with the name, stile, and title of Earl of Waterford, which was afterward again assumed to the Crown. 
At Dunkeran.  Touching the County of Holy-Crosse, 
At Dungarvan.  as the opinion of that much frequented Abbey is much lessened, 
At Limericke.  so that County is swallowed up altogether in the County Tipperary. 
Shandon Castle.  It is fortified with five strong Castles, traded with six Market-towns, 
Cahir Castle.  and divided as followeth.  
MONSTER. 
Limericke.  MONSTER. 
Kery.  MONSTER. 
Cork.  MONSTER. 
Waterford.  MONSTER. 
Desmond.  MONSTER. 
Holy Cross in Tipperary.    map of the province of Munster 
THE PROVINCE OF MONSTER  


MONSTER DIVISION.  
1. LImericke.  
2. Kery.  
3. Cork.  
4. Waterford.  
5. Desmond.  
6. Holscrosse in Tipperary.   


Adam, Ker. B.  
Adam, Cor. C.  
Adare, Lim.  
Agamer, Cor.  
Agrum, Des. L.  
Annagh, Tip.  
Anuo, Wa. B.  
Ard Collum, Tip.  
Ardey, Des.  
Ardey-mount, Des.  
Ardmale, Tip.  
Ardmore bay, Wa.  
Ardmore, Wa. C.  
Arfsky, Lim.  
Armagh, Lim.  
Arne Cragh, Ker.  
Arpenes, Cor. C.  
M. Bryne Arra, Tip.  
Artenay, Des.  
Arthully, Des.  
Arundel, Cor. C.  
Asketon, Lim.    


B  
Ballatimore bay, Des.  
Ballatimore haven, Cor.  
Ballen, Cor. C.  
Balendred, Cor. M.  
bailey, Cor. C.  
Baloughmore, Tip.  
Baloughnan▪ Cor.  
Ballylegban, Lim.  
Banday, Lim.  
Band flu.  
Barony of Kellpellell, T  
Barremoore, cor.  
Barrecourt, cor.  
Barremore, cor.  
Barre-og, cor.  
Lord Barry Island, cor.  
Bautrey, Des.  
Bautrey flu.  
Bautry, Des. M.  
Bay, Lim. C.  
bail, Des.  
Beare-horne bay, Des.  
Bedechemen, ker.  
Bed, Lim. B.  
Beer haven, Des.  
Beg, flu.  
Beghes, Tip. B.  
Bein kirty, limb.  
Belilas, Tip.  
Bernogh, ker.  
Berwell, Cor. B.  
Bishops, Tip.  
Blackrock, cor.  
Blasquo sound, ker.  
Bockes, ker.  
Boer, limb. B.  
Boldauk flu.  
Borare, Tip.  
Botenant, cor.  
Viscount Botenant, cor.  
Boy▪ Wa. C.  
Brarey, limb.  
Braver, limb.  
Braeykley▪ limb.  
Breer, limb. B.  
Brid flu.  
Bridge, Wa. C.  
Britast, Tip. B.  
Broad I'll, Des.  
Bronne▪ limb.  
Bryne, limb.  
Buguin, Wa. B.  
S. Tilbot Butler, Tip.  
Buton, Wa. B.    


C  
Cadone, ker.  
Caer, Tip.  
Caer, Tip.  
Caer, Tip. M.  
Caere flu.  
Caere, ker. M.  
Caerdraken, cor.  
Caernonogher, Tip.  
Caherilon, ker. C.  
Calmyn, cor. C.  
Caloeghan, Des. O.  
Camyse, Tip.  
Canane, cor. C.  
Can Brow, Des.  
Can Brigh, ker.  
Can Trush, Des.  
Canerough, cor.  
Caniconill, Wa.  
Cankling, cor.  
Canre, cor. c.  
Cantorke, Des. c.  
Canum, limb. b.  
Cape known, Wa.  
Cape clear, Des.  
Capell I'll, cor.  
Capogh flu.  
Carbre Ca ker.  
Caregan, cor. c.  
Carennow, cor.  
S. Peter Carew, Des.  
Carewmore, Wa.  
Cargonia, limb  
Carick-nifeild, ker.  
Carick necoshy, Des.  
Carick-phole, ker.  
Carienes, Des.  
Carigonia, Wa.  
Carigray, Tip.  
Carick, limb.  
Carick never, cor.  
Carick-capell, cor.  
Carick done, cor.  
Carickmona, Wa.  
Caricknogh. cor.  
Carybres, Des.  
Carychotar, cor.  
CARYCK, Tip.  
Cariconan flu.  
Caryk dread, cor.  
Cary krown, Wa.  
Carrowearbre, cor.  
Carta Rugh, cor. m.  
Carta Rough, c. m.  
Carta Rugh, cor. m.  
Cartomelone, cor.  
Cashell, Tip.  
Castelan, Tip.  
Castelan, cor.  
Castellan, Wa. L.  
Lough Castell, ker.  
Castelton, limb.  
Castelton, tip.  
Castilton, cor.  
Catherlough, ker. l.  
Catre, ker. l.  
The Cat, Des.  
Cats, ker. l.  
Cats, cor.  
Checo, Des. P.  
Chera, cor. B.  
Chergrave, cor.  
Church, Des. N▪  
City, ker. B.  
City, Des.  
Clancarby, limb.  
Clangryne, cor.  
Clankard, Tip.  
Clan Mores, ker.  
Clan Dormond, Des.  
Claragh, tip.  
Clegle, cor. B.  
Clensier, tip. B.  
Cloge, Wa. C.  
Clogh, cor. C.  
Cloghan, tip. B.  
Cloghen, Des.  
Cloghiaten, limb.  
Cloghlogan, cor.  
Cloney, Tip.  
Cloney, Wa.  
Cloney, cor.  
Clone Calker, wa.  
Clon kery, E. M.  
Clonemoghe, tip.  
clonmel, tip.  
Clonmyne, cor.  
Clonomell, ker.  
Codshead, des.  
Colyna, limb.  
Combut, des.  
Comyn Tolder, des.  
Comyn, cor. C.  
Cone, cor. C.  
Coner, des. O.  
Coner kerey, ker. O.  
Conic, limb. B.  
Coragh flu.  
Coragh, cor. M.  
Corbeg Island, cor.  
Corck haven, cor.  
CORK, Cor.  
Coridone, ker.  
Corkenny, tip.  
Cormog, cor. C.  
Corre, cor. B.  
Copingar, cor. C.  
Cosmay, limb.  
Cotton I'll, cor.  
Craone, cor. c.  
Crock, wa. b.  
Crome, limb.  
Cromewell, ker.  
Crow, ker.  
Crow, Tip. C.  
Cray, cor.  
Cureney, ker. c.    


D  
S. Dermond M. teg. cor.  
Delees mountains, wa.  
Viscount Desees, wa.  
Earl of Desmond, ker.  
Earl of Desmond, limb.  
Diane, ker. c.  
DINGLE, ker.  
Dingle haven. ker.  
Dingle bay, ker.  
Dologh, cor.  
Dolos, ker. c.  
Donay, wa. c.  
Doncawin, cor.  
Dondanor, cor.  
Done, cor. c.  
Doneboy, cor.  
Donedody can, cor.  
Donegh, des. O.  
Done kyllyn, ker.  
Donekyne, des.  
Donell, wa. o.  
Donelow, ker.  
Donelough, cor.  
Donelre, wa.  
Donemay, des.  
Donemore, cor. c.  
Donemore, coo.  
Donenan, des. c.  
Donenant, des. o.  
I. M. Donell rimer, ker.  
Done Patrick, limb.  
Donesky, tip.  
Donin, cor.  
Donoghan, des.  
Donoghill, tip.  
Donogh-moore, des. m.  
Donyn, cor. c.  
Doreley, tip.  
Doren, cor.  
Dorses, tip.  
Dorses, tip.  
Dovaila, des.  
Dovegner, cor.  
Doule, tip.  
Down lough, des.  
Dran, cor. c.  
Drishall, cor.  
Droindone, cor.  
Droma M. cake, wa.  
Dromanny, ca wa.  
Drombeny, limb.  
Dromboy, cor.  
Dromena, wa.  
Dromin, limb.  
Drought, limb. b.  
Drynad, ker c.  
Dulegan flu.  
Dungarvan, wa.  
Dungarvan haven, wa.    


E  
Ecclys, ker. B.  
John Fitz-Edmond. cor.  
Eglohill Rahama, ker.  
Elogh, cor. b.  
Emeley lands, tip.  
English, limb. c.  
Enishone, cor.  
Eniskin, cor.  
Eragh, des.  
Erragh, ker.  
Eyrleyson. M. ker..    


F  
Farsehanet, tip.  
Fathleg, wa.  
Feriter, ker. b.  
Feriter haven, ker.  
I. Fermore, des.  
Feathered, tip.  
Fiened, ker.  
Five Castles, cor.  
Flyx flu.  
Forrestrand, des.  
Fortune, cor. c.  
Foy flu.  
Foin, limb.  
Fox, wa. c.  
Freer, ker. b.  
Fyn, tip. b.    


G  
Galbally, tip.  
Galley, ker. c.  
Galter, wa. b.  
Galter, wa.  
Galton, limb. m.  
Garan leghan, tip.  
Garne, limb. b.  
Garnis, des.  
Gart, limb. b.  
Garundie, tip.  
Gascon haven, cor.  
Gatten, flu.  
Ghedagh, des.  
Ghedy, limb. b.  
Gher lough, limb.  
Gheragh, wa. c.  
Earl of ●hyldare, limb.  
Earl of Ghlydare, ker.  
Ghylligray, Cor. M.  
Glan, limb. c.  
Glancarta, ker.  
Earl of Glancarta, ker.  
Earl of Glancarta or maccart more, ker.  
Glan flix, des.  
Glancebone, wa.  
Glanguely, tip.  
Glore, tip.  
Gnyne, cor. b.  
Grace, wa. c.  
Graceden, wa.  
Grand, tip. b.  
Grange Gleboyne, tip.  
Grace, tip. b.  
Great Isle, des.  
Greconlogh condain, wa.  
Greeken, limb.  
Gregory, ker. c.  
Grenand, tip.  
Grenand, limb. c.  
Grenand, tip.  
Grenogh, limb. m.  
Goelen, tip.  
Gorgrey, limb. c.  
Goule, tip. m.  
Gule, tip.    


H  
Haghada, cor.  
Haghadow, ker.  
Haghea, tip.  
Haghwalla, ker.  
Halan, limb. b.  
Hallay, cor.  
Hell, des.  
Helonhen, des.  
Helwick point, wa.  
Helyn, ker. E.  
Herbert, tip. b.  
Hewart, limb. b.  
Heska, cor.  
Hilliobergians, des.  
Ho, limb. b.  
Hogs, ker.  
Holay, limb. b.  
Hologh, cor. b.  
Holy cross▪ tip.  
Honnu flu.  
Horney, cor. b.  
Horpe, tip.  
Horses, ker.  
How, tip. b.  
Howen, tip. b.    


I  
Island, ker. c.  
Inch, ker. c.  
Inch, cor. c.  
Inche flu.  
Inchegrade, cor.  
Incheguin, cor.  
Inslonogh, tip. m.  
Irayle, ker. m.  
Iverick Isle, wa.    


K  
Kaer, cor.  
Kaer trent, ker.  
Kahadda, cor.  
Can marry, des.  
Karikune, cor.  
Karne, cor.  
Kat●oll, tip.  
Keale, des. b.  
Keff, des. O.  
Kelden, limb.  
Kelkone, wa.  
Kellone, des.  
Kellpellel. See Barony.  
Kelrelsholl, tip.  
Keltenen, tip.  
Kelwear, limb.  
Kenedy fin, tip. O.  
Kenedy Ormond Done, T. O.  
Kenedy Roe, tip. O.  
Kenishtuth, cor.  
Kerves, des. O.  
Kighlay, ker.  
Kilbare, wa.  
Kilberck, tip.  
Kildareth, cor.  
Kilfraer, limb. M.  
Kilgo, cor.  
Kilgobin, cor.  
Kilkenny, tip.  
Killare, cor.  
Kilmalck, limb.  
Kilmoghney, tip.  
Kilmoghney, tip.  
Kilmokwods, cor.  
Kilmore, des.  
Kilmure, des.  
Kilny Colle, des.  
Kinsaleheg, wa.  
Knaum, tip.  
Knight of the Valley, limb.  
Kno-Brandon, ker.  
Knochone, des.  
Knock-bernella, Tip.  
Knochorden, tip.  
Knock dromed, cor.  
Knock eroglo Skardy▪ ker.  
Knockgraffon, tip.  
Knockhore, des.  
Knockhore, wa.  
Knock money, limb.  
Knocknur, des.  
Knock Patrick, limb.  
Knock Recket, wa.  
Knocksaloghil, tip.  
Knockshelbren, cor.  
Knock union, des.  
Knock weldon, wa.  
Knoclonio, limb.  
Korkbeg, cor.  
Kylbrytayn, cor. c.  
Kylcasse, tip. c.  
Kylhagha, ker. M.  
Kylharnon, ker.  
Kylhusteney, ker.  
Kylm Thomas, wa.  
Kylmayglin, cor.  
Kylne mannogh, tip.  
Kylnoglose, ker. M.  
Kylnolan, ker.  
Kylphell, tip.  
Kylyland, ker.  
Kyllygray, cor. c.  
Kyllynan, limb.  
KYNSALE, cor.  
Kyrnenan, ker.  
The Knight of Kyry, ker.    


L  
Lacrenon, ker.  
Laghera, limb. b.  
Lancan, cor.  
Lanras, des. c.  
Lany, des. E.  
Laternis, cor. c.  
Leaver, ker. L●  
Legh lough, des.  
Lemcon, des.  
Lemortkaol, ker.  
Lestsyn, cor.  
Letter, ker. c.  
Leughan, tip. b.  
Likodone, limb.  
LIMERICK, limb.  
Lined, ker. c.  
Lisegriffin, cor.  
Liskin, limb. b.  
Lismalin, tip.  
Lismolkey, tip.  
Lismore, wa.  
Lisronogh, tip.  
Lixnayo, ker.  
Loaghyne, cor.  
Lome flu.  
Longhill, limb. c.  
Lon main, ker.  
Lough, cor. c.  
Lough, cor. c.  
Lough, ker.  
Loughman, tip.  
Loughan, des.  
Lough Barnsey, des.  
Lough of Inets, tip.  
Lyn, limb. b.  
Lynyliro, cor. c.  
Lions, cor.  
Lystoule, ker.  
Lystor, ker. b.  
Lyx flu.  
Baron of Lyxnay, limb.    


M  
Mac Owen, limb.  
Magonien, ker.  
Magriffin, tip.  
Magronne, cor. c.  
Mahund, des.  
Mac mahund, cor.  
Malhanna, cor. m.  
Malogh, cor. c.  
Manamore, des. m.  
Mang, ker. c.  
Mang flu.  
Manian, ker. c.  
Mare flu.  
Mare, cor. c.  
Mare, tip. b.  
Marrow, ker. c.  
Martyr, cor.  
maine flu.  
Michael, des. M.  
Michaen, ker.  
Miles lough, wa.  
Miner, ker. c.  
Mockarle, tip.  
Mockay, tip. b.  
Mocolagh, des.  
Moenter vary, des.  
Moghan flu.  
Mogholl, wa. M.  
Mogobert, tip.  
Mokella, cor.  
Moleshen, limb.  
Mollinax, tip.  
Mollochdeere, des.  
Mollogasshe, des.  
Molloghmona, wa.  
Mollogh flu.  
Molloghen, wa.  
Monegh, cor. m.  
Monhard, tip.  
Monks▪ cor. b.  
More, des. c.  
More flu.  
Moors, ker.  
Moor, des.  
Moor flu. or Brodwater, des.  
Mountain's delees, wa.  
Muskere-Querk, tip.  
Muskere, cor.  
Muskery Gaghnogh, ker.  
Miles, cor. c.  
Mysker flu.  
Myslen head, des.    


N  
Narra, limb. c.  
Narrowater, cor.  
Nashe, limb. c.  
Nath, cor. b.  
Nay, tip. b.  
Neith, tip b.  
Never, cor. c.  
Newcastle, wa.  
Newcastle kenry, limb.  
Newcast, wa.  
Newchurch, wa.  
Newtowne, ker.  
Newtowne, limb.  
Newtowne, wa.  
nicol, tip. b.  
Nody, tip. c.  
Naught, tip. O.  
Non, ker. c.  
Now, tip. b.    


O  
Ogge, cor.  
Ogham, limb.  
S. Owin Oswiliant, des.  
Ottan, ker. m.    


P  
Palace, tip.  
Palace, limb.  
Palace, wa.  
Palace, ker.  
Palace-lough, tip.  
Passage, wa.  
Pelgoran, des.  
Pearls, cor. c.  
The 12. great Hills of Phelem Ghemadona, Tip.  
Phillip's, cor.  
Piltowne, wa. C.  
Polloguere, Cor.  
Pollydragh, des.  
Pollyre, des.  
Lord Power, Wa.  
Pracok, Cor.  
Pracok, cor.    


Q  
Quella, cor. B.  
Point baly Quella, Wa.  
Quella, Wa. B.    


R  
Rabbe, limb.  
Rabony, limb.  
Raffenin, cor.  
Raghanan, limb.  
Rahust, cor.  
Ranaker, tip.  
Raphone, cor.  
Rariglas, cor.  
Rathan, Cor. M.  
Raton, ker. M.  
Ray, cor. B.  
Ray, cor. C.  
Redman, cor. C.  
Renie, cor. B.  
Renlon, des. I.  
Rephnogh flu.  
Reseletan, cor.  
Rikard, cor. c.  
Rimbella flu.  
Ringer, cor.  
Ringrango, cor. c.  
Rishe Isle, ker.  
Robe, limb. c.  
Roch, cor. L.  
Roch, Tip. B.  
Rock glaskon, cor.  
Romore, limb.  
Roretogh flu.  
Rosbrenon, des.  
Rosse, cor.  
Rosthyche, cor.  
John Reynogh, Wa.  
The great Ryghes, ker.    


S  
Salmon Lp, des.  
Sanan, ker. c.  
Sartbeg, Tip.  
Saton, Lim.  
Seven Castles, cor.  
Seal, des.  
Seron calp, cor.  
Sewer flu.  
Sewer flu.  
Sharen, cor. B.  
Sheappoly, cor.  
Shepes-head, des.  
Shrew, ker. E.  
Sibbell▪ ker. c.  
Simon, Tip. B.  
The three Sisters, ker.  
Skryne, limb.  
Skryst, des.  
Greene Skyllyghe, ker.  
Skyrt, wa. c.  
Slew, wa. c.  
Slew Anerogh, ker.  
Slewbranogh▪ Tip.  
Slewboyne, Wa.  
Slew dakean or Paps, des.  
Slew logher, ker.  
Slew malora, cor.  
Slew muskere, des.  
Slew niesk, des.  
Slew noman, Tip.  
Slowboy klan de Rough, des.  
Soronned, Tip.  
Speaking stone, Wa.  
Spread, cor. b.  
Stene, limb. c.  
Sterland, limb.  
Straghan, limb.  
Stramo, Wa.  
Stranmore bay, Wa.  
Carick Sulphyn, Tip.  
Swylyvant moor, Des. O.    


T  
Tagnelath, Des.  
Tammay, limb.  
Tarne, Tip. C.  
Tarsne, Tip.  
Tashell, Tip.  
Tebben, cor. B.  
Templehoran, Tip.  
Templemore, Tip.  
Terseney, limb. B.  
Thomas, limb. B.  
Traghware, des. M.  
Tranakan, cor.  
Tray, Wa.  
Tremayne, Wa.  
Trena, cor.  
Tollagh, cor.  
Tomalegh, cor. M.  
Tomelegh flu.  
Toragh flu.  
Torbet, limb. c.  
Torloboy, limb.  
Totes, cor. b.  
Town, des.  
Typpelbragny, Tip.    


V  
Vakere, Wa.  
Valentia Island, ker.  
Ventray, ker.  
Vochbeg, Tip.  
Voch, cor.    


W  
WATERFORD, Wa.  
Waterford haven, Wa.  
Wenis, des. I.  
Westell, wa. B.  
Whitechurch, cor.  
White-knight, wa.  
White-knight, limb.  
Wilton, limb. B.  
Weday, des. E.  
Wodings, Tip. B.    


Y  
Yearow, Tip.  
Youghall, cor.  
Youghall, haven, Wa.      

THIS Country, the Natives call Leighnigh, 
The bounds.  the Britain's Lein; in Latin Lagenia; in the ancient lives of the Saints, Lagen; and in English, Leinster. It lieth Eastward along Hibernicunt Sea: on Connaught-side Westward it is bounded with the River Shanon; the North with the Territory of Louth, and the South with part of the Province of Munster. This County butteth upon England, as Monster and Connaught do upon Spain.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is triangle, and sides not much unequal, from her Southeast unto the West-point about eighty miles, from thence to her North-West about seventy miles, and her East-Coast along the Irish Seashore, eighty: the circumference upon two hundred and seventy miles.  

The Air.  (3) The Air is clear and gentle, mixed with a temperate disposition, yielding neither extremity of heat or cold, according to the seasonable times of the year, and the natural condition of the Continent. The Soil is generally fruitful, plentiful both in Fish and Flesh, 
The Soil.  and in other victuals, as Butter, Cheese, and Milk. It is fertile in Corn, Cattle, and pasture grounds, and would be much more, if the husbandman did but apply his industry, to which he is invited by the commodiousness of the Country. It is well watered with Rivers, and for the most part well wooded, except the County of Divelin, 
Divelin destitute of word.  which complains much of that want, being so destitute of wood, that they are compelled to use a clammy kind of fat turf for their fuel, or Sea-coal brought out of England.  
(4) The Inhabitants of these parts in Ptolemies days were the brigants, 
Inhabitants.  Menapii, Cauci, and Blani; from which Blani may seem to be derived and contracted the latter and modern names of this Country, Lein, Leighnigh, and Leinster, The Menapii (as the name doth after a sort imply) came from the Menapians, a Nation in Low Germany, that dwelled by the Seacoasts. These brigants, called also brigants, Florianus del Campo (a Spaniard) labours to fetch from the Brigants of his own Country, of whom an ancient City in Spain (called Brigantia) took the name. But they may seem rather to derive their denomination from the River Birgus, about which they inhabited; for to this the very name is almost sufficient to persuade us.  

Commodities.  (5) The Commodities of this Country do chiefly consist in Cattle, Sea-fowle, and Fish. It breeds many excellent good horses, called Irish Hobbies, which have not the same pace that other horses have in their course, but a soft and round amble, setting very easily.  
(6) This Country hath in it three Rivers of note, termed in old time the three Sisters, 
The three Sisters.  Shower, Neor, and Barraeo, which issue out of the huge Mountain (called by Giraldus, Bladinae Montes) as out of their mother's womb, and from their rising tops descending with a down-fall into several Channels, before they empty themselves into the Ocean, join hand in hand all together in a mutual league and combination.  

The Grounds  (7) Places very dangerous for shipping, are certain slats and shallows in the Sea, that lie over against Holy-point, which the Mariners call the Grounds. Also the shelves of sand that lie a great way in length opposite to Newcastle, which overlooketh them into the Sea from the top of an high hill adjoining.  
(8) In this Province are placed many fair and wealthy Towns, 
Kilkenny.  as Kilkenny, which for a Burrow Town excels all the midland Burroughs in this Island▪ Kildare, 
Kildare.  which is adorned with an Episcopal See, and much graced in the first infancy of the Irish Church, by reason of Saint Bridgid a venerable Virgin, had in great account and estimation for her virginity and devotion, as who was the Disciple of Saint Patrick of so great fame, renown, and antiquity: also Weisford (a name given unto it by these Germans, 
Wexford.  whom the Irish term Oustmen) a town though inferior to some, yet as memorable as any, for that it became the first Colony of the English, and did first submit itself unto their protection, being assaulted by Fitz-Stephen, a Captain worthily made famous for his valour and magnanimity.  

Divelin.  (9) But the City which fame may justly celebrate alone, beyond all the Cities or Towns in Ireland, is that which we call Divelin, Ptolemie Eblana, the Latinists Dublinium, and Dublinia; the West-britaines', Dinas Dulin; the English-Saxons in times past. Duplin; and the Irish, Balacleigh, that is, the Town upon hurdles: for it is reported that the place being fennish and moorish, when it first began to be builded, the foundation was laid upon hurdles.  

The antiquity.  (10) That it is ancient, is persuaded by the authority of Ptolemie. That it was grievously rend and dismembered in the tumultuous wars of the Danes, and brought afterwards under the subjection of Eadgar King of England, (which his Charter also confirmeth, wherein he calleth it the noble City of Ireland) is written by Saxon Grammaticus. 
Divelin 〈◊〉 by Ha●●●● K. of England.  That it was built by Harold of Norway, which may seem to be Harold Harfager, when he had brought the greatest part of Ireland into an awful obedience unto him, we read in the life of Griffeth ap Sinan Prince of Wales. At length it yielded unto the valour and protection of the English, at their first arrival into Ireland, by whom it was manfully defended from the fierce assaults as well of Auscoulph Prince of the Dublinians, as afterwards of Gottard King of the Isles: since which time it hath still augmented her flourishing estate, and given approved testimony of her faith and loyalty to the Crown of England, in the times of any tumultuous straits and commotions.  
(11) This is the royal seat of Ireland, 
Divelin is the Royal seat of Ireland.  strong in her munition, beautiful in her buildings, and (for the quantity) matchable to many other Cities, frequent for traffic and intercourse of Merchants. In the East Suburbs, Henry the second, 
Henry the second.  King of England (as Hoveden reporteth) caused a royal Palace to be erected: and Henry Loundres, Archbishop of Divelin, 
Henry Loundres.  built a store-house about the year of Christ 1220. Not far from it is the beautiful College consecrated unto the name of the holy Trinity, which Queen Elizabeth of famous memory, dignified with the privileges of an University. The Church of S. Patrick being much enlarged by King john, 
john Coming Archbishop of Divel●●.  was by john Coming Archbishop of Dubline, borne at Euesham in England, first ordained to be a Church of prebend's in the year 1191. It doth at this day maintain a Dean, a Chanter, a Chancellor, a Treasurer, two Arch-Deacons, and twentytwo Prebendaries.  
This City in times past, for the due administration of Civil Government, had a Provost for the chief Magistrate. But in the year of man's Redemption 1409. 
Henry the fourth.  King Henry the fourth granted them liberty to choose every year a Mayor and two Bailiffs, 
Edward the sixth.  and that the Mayor should have a guilt sword carried before him for ever. And King Edward the sixth (to heap more honour upon this place) changed the two Bailiffs afterwards into Sheriffs: so that there is not any thing here wanting that may serve to make the estate of a City most flourishing.  
(12) As the people of this County do about the neighbouring parts of Divelin come nearest unto the civil conditions and orderly subjection of the English: 
The Irish mischievous one against another.  so in places farther off they are more tumultuous, being at deadly feuds amongst themselves, committing ofttimes Manslaughters one upon another, and working their own mischiefs by mutual wrongs: 
The Irish waist Leinster.  for so the Irish of Leinster wasted Leinster with many Towns in the same Province in the year 1294. And in the year 1301. the men of Leinster in like manner raised a war in the winter season, setting on fire the Town of Wykinlo, Rathdon, and others, working their own plague and punishment by burning up their sustenance, 
The Irish of Leinster raise war.  and losing their Castle by depredation.  
(13) Matter of observation, and no less admiration among them, 
The Giant's Dance.  is the Giants dance, commonly so called, and so much talked of, which Merlin is said by Art Magic to have translated out of this. Territory unto Salisbury Plain: which how true it is, I leave to the vain believers of miracles, and to the credulous observers of antiquity.  
(14) In this County have been erected many famous Monasteries, 
The Religious places.  Abbeys, and religious houses, consecrated to devout and holy purposes: as the Monastery of Saint mary's of Oustmanby, founded for preaching Friars, unto which of late days the judicial Courts of the Kingdom have been translated: also the magnificent Abbey called S. Thomas Court at Dublin, builded and endowed in times passed with many large privileges and revenues of King Henry the second, in expiation of the murder of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury. Likewise Tinteru Monastery, or the notable Abbey which William Marshal Earl of Pembroke founded and called De voto, for that he had vowed to God (being tossed at Sea with many a fore and dangerous tempest) to erect an Abbey wheresoever he came to land, and being (after shipwreck) cast upon land in this place, he made performance of his vow accordingly.  
This Province containeth the Counties of Kilkenny, Caterloge, Queen's County, King's County, Kildare, East Meath, West Meath, Weisford, and Dublin (to say nothing of Wicklo and Fernes, which either be already, or else are to be annexed unto it) and subdivided into fifteen Market-Towns. 
Market Townes.  It hath been fortified with the strength of many Castles against the power of enemies, and is thus divided: Counties, East Meath. Caterlough. Kildare. West Meath. Queen's County. Weisford. Kilkenny. King's County. Dublin.   map of the county of Leinster 
THE COUNTY OF LEINSTER with THE CITY DUBLIN Described  


The Division of LE●NSTER.  
1. East Meath.  
2. West Meath.  
3. Dublin.  
4. Kildare.  
5. King's County.  
6. Queen's County.  
7. Kikenny.  
8. Cateriagh.  
9 Wexford.   


A  
Areden, East Meath. B  
Rock Abill. Dublin.  
ABOY, East Meath.  
Adama, Wexford. B  
Affalla, K. County.  
Agard, Dublin.  
Aggregate, Q County.  
Agra, East M.  
Akane, East M.  
allen, East m. B  
Alice, Killed. B 

Knock Almasa, East m.    
Almush, East m.  
Anchor Cater. B  
Anley Wex. B  
Anna, Killed. B  
Anna hill, Dub.  
Annex, Kilk.  
Anney Flu, West m.  
Aran, West m. B  
Arbraken, East m.  
Arcanan, Wex●.  
Archer, West. m. B  
Archer, Kilk. B  
Archer hill, Kilk.  
Ardekell, Kilk.  
Ardgate, Q County.  
Ardragh, East m.  
AREKLO, Cater.  
Arga, Kilk.  
Argath, Dublin.  
Arklon, Q County.  
Armagh, East m.  
Artaraght, West m.  
Aspek, West m. B  
Astheton, Q County.  
Ass, East m.  
A'the, Killed.  
Auley, Dublin.    


B  
Babel, Wexford.  
Bacon, East m.  
Bagand●●onne, Wexf.  
Baghill, Dublin. B  
Balamore, Wex.  
Balchare, K. County.  
Balliner, East m. 

Mac Ballinglas, Killed.    
Balougby, East m.  
Balrothery, Dublin.  
Balt Kilk.  
Bannogh. Wex.  
Bannough bay, Wex.  
Barbe, Killed. B  
Barde, Killed. B  
Batter, Killed. B  
Barnaby, K County.  
S. Barnaby ●itz Patrick, Queen County.  
Barns, Wex. B  
Baron, Dublin.  
Barrets, Wex.  
Barrow Flu, Q County.  
Barrow flu, Wex.  
Barton, Killed. B  
Basky, West m. B  
Bedell, East m.  
Beg, Wex. B  
Beg Island, Wex.  
Bego, Killed. B  
Beldengon, Dublin.  
Belgar, Dublin.  
Belgar, East m. 

Mac Belif, East m.    
Bellahon, East m.  
Bellak●n, K County.  
Bengue●e, Kilk.  
Benet, Kilk.  
Bernes, Cater.  
Berie, K County. B  
Betin, West m. B  
Bishops' Court, Kilk.  
Blackhaule, East m.  
Blackhaule, Dublin.  
Blackm●rres, Dublin.  
B●acrath, Killed.  
Blackrock, Wex.  
Blakin, West m.  
Blaky, West m.  
Blewroe, Dublin.  
Bola, Kilk. B  
Bola, Kilk. B  
Bolto●, Killed.  
Bonney, Wex. B  
Bonand, Cater.  
Bonemane, Q County. C 

S. Benet's I●le, Dub.    
Borace, Kilk.  
Bo●●o, West m.  
Boye●, Dublin.  
Boyne flu, Killed.  
Boyne flu, Q County.  
Boyne flu, East m.  
Boyne flu, East m.  
B●ackland K County.  
B●anock, West m. B  
B●auner, Wex. B  
B●ay flu, Dublin. 

●. Bray, Dublin.    
B●ayne, West m.  
B●eack, East m.  
B●enne, West m. C  
B●enne, Dublin. O  
Brenno, Wex. B  
Brennog, West m. B  
Bremore, Dublin.  
Bretherton, East m.  
Bridge, Kilk.  
Browne, Killed. B  
Browne, Kilk. B  
Browne, Wexf. C  
Browne, Wexf. C  
Browne, Wexf. C  
Bryne, West m. O  
Burgages, Dublin.  
Bu●ley, K County. B  
Burne Church, Kilk.  
Burt Kilk. B  
Burwaine, Killed.  
Butler, Wex. B  
Burton, Dublin.    


C  
Cabelston, Dublin.  
Caden, D●blin.  
Cad●gh, Kilk. B  
Calen, Wex.  
Callan, Kilk.  
Camenth, Dublin.  
Canan, Dublin.  
Canenos, Cater.  
Cantwell, K●●k. C  
Cantwell, K●●k. C  
Cap., Wex.  
CARBRE, Killed.  
Careboy, We●● m. 

Mac Ca●eles, Kilk.  
S Peter Carew, Kilk.    
Carik, East m.  
Carik, Wex.  
Carikb●ak, Cater.  
Carikmorrow, Dublin.  
Carichu●k, Dublin.  
Carikok, Q County.  
Carne Wex.  
Carolus, K County. O  
Carow, West m. B  
Carth, Dublin. C  
Caryk new, Wex.  
Carykett, Killed.  
Carundine, Q County.  
Caseroge, East M.  
Casin, East M. B 

Milk Castle, Kilk.    
Castleton, Wex.  
Castleton, Q County.  
CATERLAGH, Killed.  
Caterlatth, Kilk.  
Cavan, Dublin.  
Caverno, Cater.  
Cayth ycam, Kilk.  
Ceralway, Killed.  
Church, East M. B  
Churley, East M.  
Claest, Wex.  
Clancolman, West M.  
Clandalke, Dublin.  
Clanebotane, Q County.  
Clanmore, Cater.  
Clan jores alias Bremecham, Killed.  
Clanmore, Killed.  
Clanmore, Cater. C  
Clanmollen, Cater.  
Clan●af Dublin. 

Upper Claragh, Kilk.    
Claragh, Kil●. 

S. Clare, Dublin.    
Clarence, East M.  
Cloe, K County.  
Cloga●an, West M.  
Cloghan, West m.  
Cloghgreenand, Kilk.  
Cloghkendel, Kilk.  
Cloghmore, Kilk.  
Cloghnogh, West M.  
Cloglerish, Kilk.  
Clomoghan, K County.  
Clomolyn, West m.  
Clogran, East m.  
Clonbogh, Kilk.  
Clone, Q County.  
Clone, Kilk.  
Clone, Kilk.  
Clone, Wex.  
Clonebelek, K County.  
Clonebolk, K County.  
Clone de Cow, Q Count  
Clonedewey, K County.  
Clonedog-neckly, Wex.  
Clonegone, K County.  
Clonekene, Killed.  
Clonelin, K County.  
Clonelose, West M.  
Clonewel, West M.  
Clonemoney, Kilk.  
Clonmore, Kilk.  
Clonemore, K County.  
Clonemuse, Kilk.  
Clonemyn, Kilk.  
Clonemine, Killed.  
Clone mulend, K County.  
Clonen, West M.  
Clonenmore, Dublin  
Cloney, Killed.  
Cloney, West M.  
Clonogh, Killed.  
Clonogoskin, East M.  
Clon●, Wex.  
Coach, West M. B  
Coghan, K County.  
Coghan, Killed.  
Colcore, K County.  
Cole, East M. B  
Cole, West M. B  
Coledoghra, West m.  
Colma●han, Q County.  
Colmallen, East m.  
Cologh, Kilk.  
Coltame, Dublin  
Mac Colyn. K. County.  
Colynogh. Q County.  
Combres, West m.  
Conaugh, Dublin.  
Coneboy, West m. 

Rose Conel, Q County.    
Cone●, Wex.  
Consall, West m.  
Conogherbo, Killed.  
Consile, Kilk.  
Conycarum, Kilk.  
corbel, East m.  
Mac Corbelyle, Q Co.  
Corbely, Dublin.  
Corkey, West m.  
Corlus, East m. B  
Coroghill, Kilk.  
S. Cort. Dublin.  
Courhonon, Wex.  
Coure, East M.  
Coupe, East M.  
Court, West m. B  
Coutton, Day, Q Count  
Cotland. Killed.  
Coin, K County. B  
Crabboy, East m.  
Cradok, Killed.  
Craghallillo, Dublin.  
Croghan hill, K County.  
Croghoven, West m.  
Cromlyn, Dublin.  
Crosekell, East m.  
Crossedre, West m.    


D  
Mac Damore, Wex.  
Daminkin, West M.  
Darro, Q County.  
Darses, West M.  
Darvers, West m. B  
Degan, Wex.  
Mac Dei, Dublin.  
Delvin, West m. C  
Denigary, Killed.  
Mac Dermond, Cater.  
Dese●●, Q County.  
Great Dingham, Kilk.  
Dodn Reghan, Q Count  
Dodingten, Killed.  
Doghill, K County.  
Dolar, East m. B  
Dolknew, Dublin.  
Domnany, Q County.  
Domin, Killed. C  
Donare, East M.  
Done, Wex. B  
Donne, K County. B  
Donne, Q County. O  
Donnebany, Wex.  
Donebat, Dublin.  
Donebet flu, Kilk.  
Donodtone, Dublin.  
Donefert, Killed.  
Donektle, West m.  
Donekey, Kilk.  
Donelaw, Killed.  
Donelbrody, Wex.  
Donomo●e, Kilk.  
Donosane, East m.  
Donesoghk, Dublin.  
Donoghmore, Q County.  
Dronogernogh, Wex.  
Donomo, Wex.  
Donsaghlin, East m.  
Dord, West m. B  
Dord, Dublin. B  
Doro flu, Dublin.  
Doro flu, Q County.  
Doth, East m. B  
Dovoghmore, East m.  
Drakeland, Kilk.  
Dramdore, Kilk.  
Drimnogh, Wex.  
Drokin, Kilk.  
Dromboy, East m.  
Dromeconrogh, Dub.  
Dromeketyn, Kilk.  
Dromrayne, West m.  
Dromrow, Kilk.  
Drone, Kilk. O  
Dronney, East m. B  
Drymneg, Dublin.  
Dublin haven, Dublin.  
DUBLIN, Dublin.  
Dulyek, East m. B  
Dumfert, Kilk.  
Dungarvan, Kilk.  
Dunlaglin, Kilk.  
Duren, East m. B  
Duve flu, Killed.    


E  
Edomana, Dublin.  
S. Edmond Batler, Cat.  
Edmund's, West m. B  
Enon, Kilk.  
Eny●eary, Wex.  
Mac Eren, Q. County.  
Esker flu, K County.    


F  
Facacrow, Dublin.  
Faltrens, Dublin.  
Farleco, West m. B  
Farthing, West m. B  
Fedan, K County.  
Fedo●rogh Cater.  
Feathered, Wex.  
Field, Dublin. B  
Finart, West m.  
Fiuck●, Killed. B  
Forman, Dublin. B  
Foskin, Killed. B  
Fox, We●● m. O  
Frein, Wex. B  
Freers, Cater. B  
Frequens, East m.  
Frompul, Killed.  
Fronton, Wex.  
Fuller, Killed. B  
Fuller, Kil●.  
Fingall, Dublin.    


G  
Lease Galen, Q County.  
Gallon flu, Kilk.  
Galt●e, East m.  
Galway, East m.  
Garehon, Dublin.  
Garland East m. B  
Garmarstou, East m.  
Garran, Kilk.  
Garston, East m.  
Gart, East m.  
Gerard, East m. B  
Geregh, Wex. B  
Ghelayt, Wex. B  
Gheragh. Cater.  
Ghesell, Q County.  
GHILDARE, Killed.  
Gibbes, East m. B  
Gilbert, West m.  
Glandelour, Dublin.  
Glarard, K County.  
Glare, West m. 

Mac Glarkarick, Wex.    
Glashere, Kilk.  
Glashere, Killed.  
Glashen, East m.  
Glaskar, West m.  
Glasnephin, Dublin.  
Glayderen, K. County. B  
Glogh, Kilk.  
Glorum, Kilk.  
Goely, Wex. B  
Gown, East m. B  
Grace Castle. Q County.  
Grace dew, Dublin.  
Grace Court, Kilk.  
Grace Orchard, Wex.  
Garlough, Dublin. 

Mac Grace, Kilk.    
Grace, K County. C  
Grand, Q County. B  
Granedonkin, Dublin.  
Grange, Kilk.  
Grange, Q County.  
Grangefort, Cater.  
Grangeketh, East m.  
Grangencorne, Killed.  
Grany Ratole, Killed.  
Gregan West m.  
Gregh, West m.  
Grentho●d, Wex.  
Bay of Greenhord, Wex.  
Grenek, Dublin.  
Grenond, Kilk.  
Greward, East m.  
Grislin, Dublin.  
Groma, Kilk.  
Guenere, Dublin.  
Gurchens, Wex.    


H  
Hagha, Kilk.  
Haha dew, Cater.  
Haly, K County.  
Haly, K County.  
Halywood, Dublin.  
Hamond, Cater. C  
Hannacle, Q County.  
Hannacat Q County.  
Hannaynotlay, Kilk.  
Hantney, West m.  
Herbert, Killed. B  
Herbert, West m. B  
Hardley, Dublin.  
Hap Belgr●w, Wex. B  
Hastela, Q. County. B  
Haley, Wex. B  
Hathen, West m. B  
Haynes, West m. B  
Hearne, Wex. B  
Heper, East m.  
Helpa, Wex.  
Henogh, West m. B  
Henorclay, Dublin. C  
Herbert, West m. B  
Herell, Q County.  
Herens, East m. B 

Mac Heren, Q. County.    
Hesk●n, Wex.  
Hesterbeg, K. County.  
Hue, East m. B  
Heys, Wex. B  
H●ckens K●ld. B  
Hoke, Wex.  
Holiwood, Dublin.  
Hoson, West m. B  
Horsey, Wex. B  
Ho●h●●l, K County.  
Hotrogh, West m.  
Houth, Dublin.  
Howell, Kilk. C  
Hoyn, West m. B  
Hoyre, Wex. B  
Hugh, Kilk. B  
Hu●k, Killed. B    


I  
I Mac Idway, Dublin.  
jefferey, Dublin. B  
jefferey, West m. B  
Hugh mac Ihanc, Dublin.  
Ihan villa, Kilk.  
Ihane●, Q County.  
John, Cater. B  
Inch Roure, Q County.  
Inch que●e, Killed.  
John, West m. B  
jordan, East m.  
Irish, West m. B  
Irlands eye, Dublin.  
Joh, Dublin. B  
Juhan, East m.  
Juhan, East m. B    


K  
Kaerdess, K●lk.  
Mac Kalraine, Dublin.  
Karaldgrange, Dublin.  
Karne, West m.  
Can Karn●al karone, Wex.  
Kathanghan, Killed.  
Katohome, Killed.  
Kayn donkin, Kilk.  
Kenynogh, Q. County.  
Ke●se, Kilk. B  
Kela, Kilk. B  
Kelkone, Wex.  
Kelkolen, Killed.  
Kellean, Wex.  
Kellean, East m.  
Kellegh, K County.  
Kellenem, Killed.  
Kelles, East m.  
Keile●, Kilk.  
Kell, Killed. B  
Kelhardseni, East m.  
Kelkenny, West m.  
Kelrue, Dublin.  
Kelkery, West m.  
Kenne, K County.  
Kettenen, Wex.  
Kevegade, West m.  
Kilbrakin, Q County.  
Kilbred, East m.  
Kilbrew, East m.  
Kilbery, East m.  
Kilbride, West m.  
Kilbrid, K County.  
Kileamfort, Q. County.  
Kilcohan, Wex.  
Kilcloc, Cater.  
Kilcock, Killed.  
Kilcomin, Dublin.  
Kilconin, K. County.  
Kilcoran, K County.  
Kildag, East m.  
Kildernam, Dublin.  
Kildowan, Killed.  
Kildrogh, Killed.  
Kiltone, Kilk.  
Kilfield, Killed.  
Kilgall, Killed.  
Kilgo, East m.  
Kilgober, Dublin.  
Kilgoghan, K County.  
Kilgormok, K. County.  
Kilhaste, Dublin.  
Kilhester, Dublin.  
Kilhill, K. County.  
Kilhobok, Wex.  
Kilhobok, K County.  
Kilicrosse, East m.  
Kilkan, Q. County.  
Killackan▪ Kilk.  
Killank, Q. County.  
Killare, East m.  
Kilcore, Killed.  
Killegore, Q. Count.  
Killigult Cater.  
Killina, Q County.  
Killinan, West m.  
Killine, East m.  
Killinnen, West m.  
KILLKENNY, Kilk.  
Killoghan, Wex.  
Kill●ride, West m.  
Kilmacant, K. County.  
Kilmala●way, Dublin.  
Kilmacok, Killed.  
Kilmanan, Dublin.  
Kilma●og, East m.  
Kilmerin, Dublin.  
Kilmory, Kilk.  
Kilmonog, West m.  
Kilnock, Cater.  
Kilpatr●ck, Wex.  
Kilpavick, West m.  
Kilsaghlin, Dublin.  
Kilsaynen, Kilk.  
Kilshorn, Wex.  
Kiltober, K County.  
Kiltogh, Kilk.  
Kiltork, Wex.  
Kilvacock, Kilk. 

Mac Kilcore, K Count    
King, East m. B  
KINGSTOWNE, K. Co.  
Kingstogher, Kilk.  
Kingsalough, Cater.  
Kitchen, Q County. B  
Knalmogh, West m.  
Knock Seon, K. County.  
Knockbourne, Kilk.  
Knockbrenack, Kilk.  
Knoger, East m.  
Knockarchall, Killed.  
Knocknee, Cater.  
Knockbebay, West m.  
Knock, Dublin. C  
Knockyn, Dublin.  
Kollogh, West m.  
Knoghall, Kilk.  
Cows, QUEEN'S County. O  
Kyfraen, Wex.  
Kyll●an, West m.  
Kyrock, Wex.    


L  
Lachash, Killed.  
Lackan, Wex. B  
Lackin, K. County.  
Lacie▪ West m. B  
Ladarath, East m.  
Ladones, West m. B  
Lady, Killed. B  
Mac our Lady grace, Kilk.  
Lagen, East m.  
LAGHLYN Idogh, Kilk.  
Lahant, Kilk.  
Lambey, Dublin.  
Lemevannon, K County.  
Lassenhaul, Dublin.  
Lease, Q County.  
Le●●e flu, Kilk.  
Lench, Kilk. B  
Leniston, Dublin.  
S Leonard, Wex.  
Lever▪ ● County. ●  
Lestee flu, Killed.  
Lewmanhan, K County.  
Lilmester, Q County.  
Lions, Killed. C  
Lismalin, West m.  
L●stouen, K●●●.  
Lockbay, West m.  
Locka●▪ West m. B  
Logh Q County. C  
Loghten Dublin. C  
Lommash, K County.  
Long●●●, Dublin.  
Longwood, East m.  
Lo●d. Killed. B  
Loughmeskyn, Wex.  
Lowater, East m. B  
Lowater, Kilk.  
Lu●k Dublin.  
Lutcrell, Killed. B  
Lylin, Killed.  
Liege's, Wex. C  
Lysnall, West m.    


M  
O Magah, West m.  
O Mahogagan, West m.  
O Magohla, K. County.  
Malahedert, Dublin.  
O Malalaghlin, West m.  
Malcheal, Dublin.  
Malyn, Dublin.  
Manned, East M. B  
Marag, West m.  
Martin, West m. B  
Martin, East m. B  
Mass, East m. B  
Mass, West m. B  
I Mail, Dublin.  
Megham, Kilk.  
O Meloy, K. County.  
Merewell, Killed.  
Merin, Dublin.  
Mermine, Wex.  
Mestall. Q County. C  
Minashell, West m.  
Mican, Kilk. B  
Miche●e, East m.  
Middle-grounds, Dub.  
Milag, West m.  
Great Milk Castle, Kilk.  
Miltowne, West m.  
Minoth, Killed.  
Mirath, East m.  
Molle, Kilk.  
Molle, Cater.  
Molen, West m. B  
Mologh, Dublin.  
MOLINGAR, West m.  
Mollita, K County.  
Mollosy, East m. C  
Mollogh, East m.  
O Mocrough, Wex.  
Monceton, East m.  
Moneton, Dublin.  
Moneyhone, Kilk.  
Montgaret, Wex.  
Lord Mountgaret, Wex.  
More, West m. C  
Mores, Q County. B  
Morisheller, Killed.  
Mublin haven, West m.  
Mac Multiforme, West m.    


N  
Nanney flu. East m.  
Naroghmere, Killed.  
Nash, Killed. C  
Navant, East m.  
Nail, Dublin.  
Negler, East m.  
Newton, Dublin.  
New, West m. B  
New, Wex. B  
New, West m. C  
New, Kilk. B  
New, East m. C  
New, West m. C  
New Abbey, Killed.  
Newbayne, Wex.  
Newcastle, Dublin.  
M Newna, East m.  
Newtowne, Cater.  
Newtowne, Cater.  
Mork Newton, East m.  
Neygate, Kilk.  
Northgrounds, Dublin.  
Nowall, West m. C  
Nure flu, Q County.  
Nurse flu, Kilk.    


O  
Offere, Q County.  
Old court, Dublin  
Fort Only, Cater.  
Earl of Ormond, Cater.  
Owin Mac Hugh, K. Co.    


P  
Palace, K County.  
Paltrangan, Wex.  
Park, Kilk. C  
Hole Patrick, Dublin.  
S Patrick's land, Dub.  
S. Patrick, East m.  
Pain, Cater. B  
Paine, Killed. B  
Paine, East m. B  
Paynster, East m. B  
Peers, Dublin. B  
Pers, East m. B  
Petrick Island, Dublin.  
Mac Peyne, Q County.  
Phaloghbantre, Wex.  
Place, East m.  
Polford, Wex.  
Polilester, East m.  
Polmonton, Cater.  
Pol●ome K●●k.  
Pokin, Killed. B  
Potter, Dublin. B  
Potteragh, Kilk.  
S Paul's, Kilk.  
Pou●es Court, Dublin.  
Prou●, East m. B    


Q  
QVEENS' town, Q Count  
Quilibet, Killed.  
Qu●licum, Q County.  
Grang. Quimhert, Killed.    


R  
Rabelta, Kilk.  
Rabrody, Killed.  
Racarbo, Kilk.  
Rahannan Wex.  
Raherens, Dublin.  
Rahn, East m.  
Ra●o, Cater.  
Rakavan, Kilk.  
Raleath, East m. B  
Ramney, Wexford. 

The Ram, Wex.    
Ramore, Dublin.  
Ram●grang, Wex.  
Rand●a, Cater.  
Loagh Ranmore, East m.  
Raphan, East m.  
Raphok, Kilk.  
Raaspek, West m.  
Rasalough, Killed.  
Raskoe, West m.  
Raspak, Wex.  
Rath patrick, Kilk.  
Rathalyn, Kilk.  
Ratoth, Dublin.  
Ravore, East m.  
Rawire, West m.  
Ray, K County.  
Raydon, Dublin. C  
Raygh, We●● m. B  
Ray●on, K. County.  
Raymanogh, Q County.  
Raymund Ogg, K▪ Coun.  
rain, K County.  
O Reban, Q County.  
Recog, Killed.  
Recohel, West m.  
Reed, East m. B  
Ree, West m. B  
Rehela, Wex.  
Rehul, Dublin.  
Remyne, Dublin.  
Richard, Killed. B  
Riket, East m. C  
Rivers, East m. B  
Robin, West m. B  
Roch, Dublin.  
Roch, K●lk. C  
Roc. William, Wex.  
Rocfall, Kilk.  
Ro●, Killed.  
Ro●llyn, Kilk.  
Rogers, Dublin.  
Rogormley, East m.  
Rohewall, Dublin.  
Rokel●, Kilk. B  
Rokhel, Kilk.  
Roone, West m. B  
M Rosse, West m.  
ROSSE, Wex.  
Old Rosse, Wex.  
Rose, East m. B  
Rose brenno, Q County.  
Rose canon, K●●k.  
Rossec●ea, K County.  
Rose Garland, Wex.  
Rosse Laier, Wex.  
Rossenals, Q. County.  
Roseperot, Killed.  
Rostall, Kilk.  
Roy, K County.  
Royne, Q County. B  
Royne, Wex. B  
Roughlin, Kilk.  
Rou●e, Kilk.  
Ruder, Dublin. C 

The Rush, Wex.    
Ruskey, East m.  
Knock Ruskey, East m.  
Ru●●ell, West m. B  
Ryne flu, East m.    


S  
Sagard, Dublin.  
Sanham, Killed.  
Sannogh, West m.  
Saret, Q County.  
Saul, East m. C  
Seaton, Dublin.  
Seden, East m.  
Selkillo, Kilk.  
Shelhela, Cater.  
Shemalyn, Wex.  
Jenkin, Dublin.  
She●ogray, Q County.  
Sherney, Dublin. B  
Shewleg, West m. B  
Shiphold, Wex.  
Shopland, Wex.  
Simylin, Cater.  
Si●y●k, Q County.  
Skagh, Killed. B  
Skare, Wex.  
Ska●lock, Killed. B  
Skark, Cater.  
Ski●es, Dublin.  
Skatlok, West m. B  
Sk●yne, East m.  
Skynik, Q County.  
slain flu, Dublin.  
Slain, East m.  
Slep●hill, Q County.  
Slewboy, Killed.  
Slewcotten, Wex.  
Slewmerger, Kilk.  
S Smyth, East m.  
So●ue●, East m. B  
So●k●n, Kilk.  
Southgrounds, Wex.  
Speia, K●lk. B  
Stamelyn, Dublin.  
Stancourt, Kilk.  
Stepleton, East m.  
Stevens, Kil●. B  
Steven, East m. S  
Stocknelost, Wex.  
Stokes, West m. B  
Stonehouse, Wex.  
Stonegrang, Dublin.  
Sutton, Killed. B  
Sword, Dublin.  
Knock Swissin, Cater.  
Symlyn, Cater.  
Synnor, Wex.  
Mac Syrie, K County.    


T  
Tabraken, Kilk.  
Ta●un hanc, Wex.  
taught, East m. B  
Tagnam, Wex.  
B Talbot, Dublin.  
B Tankard, Q County.  
Tec●oghan, East m.  
Teg, Wex. B  
Temple, Kilk.  
Temple gall, Wex.  
Tenaghill▪ Wex.  
Ten●kell, Q County.  
Tentarne, Wex.  
Terrill, West m. B  
Ternes, Wex.  
Mac Terpon, Kilk.  
Old Terpon, Kilk.  
Terra viventium, K C●.  
Terragh, East m. C  
Thomas, K●ld. B  
Thomas Q County. B  
Owen Thomas, Kilk.  
Tho●dercourt, K●lk.  
Theord, W●x.  
Tho●le●, Q County.  
B Three Castles, D●b.  
C Tobe, Kilk.  
Tobbe, Dublin.  
Tobber daily, K. County.  
Togger, K County,  
Toghcoly coney, Cater.  
Toghcolinogh, Carter.  
Togher, East m.  
C Tollogh, Kilk.  
Tollogh, Killed.  
Tollogh Dublin.  
Tollogh, Dublin.  
Tollogh, East m.  
Tollogh, Cater.  
Tologhah, Kilk.  
Tolloghtoron, Kilk.  
Tolven, Kilk.  
B Tomond, Wex.  
Tonolla, West m.  
Tomegard, Wex.  
Tonmono, West m.  
Mac Tonsternog, West m.  
Torno, Dublin.  
Mac Tours, West M.  
Tou●e of the Hoke, Wex.  
Trever. East M.  
Trimbleston, East M.  
Trussan, Killed.  
TRYME, East M.  
Tully, Killed.  
Tuscard, Wax▪  
B Tute, West M.  
Tymolog, Dublin.    


V  
Mac Vadock, Cater.  
Mac Vala, Killed.  
C Vanney, K●ld.  
B Ve●a, West m.    


W  
C Walch, Killed.  
B Walter. West M.  
Wardhill, East M.  
C Warren, Killed.  
B Warren, East M.  
C Warren, Kilk.  
B Water, Kilk.  
Water Castle, Q County.  
B Water, East M.  
Waton Grove, Kilk.  
Wemed, East M.  
WEXFORD, Wex.  
Wexford Haven, Wex.  
B Wey, Q County.  
C White, Kl.  
Wickloe flu, Dublin.  
WICKLO, Dublin.  
B Wildock, East M.  
B William, East M.  
B William, East M.  
B William, Cater.  
William, West M.  
B Wincourt, East M.  
Wintered, Q County.  
B Woghan, Dublin.  
Wogher heart, Killed.  
Woodstock, Killed.    


Y  
B Yage, Killed.      

CHAPTER FOUR  

The bounds.  THis Province named by Giraldus Cambrensis Conachtia, and Conatia, by the Irish, Conaughty, and by Englishmen, Connaught: is bounded Eastward, with part of the County of Leinster; Northward, with part of Ulster; Westward, with the West main Ocean; and on the South, it is confined with a part of the Province of Monster, closed in with the River Shennon, and butting against the Kingdom of Spain.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is long, and towards the North and South ends, thin and narrow; but as it grows towards the middle, from either part it waxeth still bigger and bigger: exceeding in length from the River Shennon in her South, to Enis Kelling in her North, 126. miles, and the broadest part is from Tromer in her East, to Barragh-Bay in her West, containing above fourscore. The whole in circuit and compass is above four hundred miles.  

Air.  (3) The air is not altogether so pure and clear, as in the other Provinces of Ireland, by reason of certain moist places (covered over with grass) which of their softness are usually termed Boghes, both dangerous, and full of vaporous and foggy mists.  

Soil.  (4) This County as it is divided into several portions, so is every portion severally commended for the soil, according to the seasonable times of the year. 
Twomond  Twomond or the County Clare, is said to be a Country so conveniently situated, that either from the Sea or Soil there can be nothing wished for more, than what it doth naturally afford of itself, were but the industry of the Inhabitants answerable to the rest. 
Galway.  Galway is a land very thankful to the painful husbandman, and no less commodious and profitable to the Shepherd. Maio, 
Maio.  in the Roman Provincial called Mageo, is replenished both with pleasure and fertility, abundantly rich in cattle, 
Slego.  Dear, Hawks, and plenty of Honey. Slego (coasting upon the Sea) is a plenteous Country for feeding and raising of cattle. 
Letrim.  Letrim (a place rising up throughout with hills) is so full of rank grass and forage, that (as Solinus reporteth) if cattle were not kept sometimes from grazing, their fullness would endanger them. And Roscomen is a Territory, 
Roscomen.  for the most part plain and fruitful, feeding many Herds of cattle, and with mean husbandry and tillage, yielding plenty of corn. As every particular part is thus severally profitable by inbred commodities; so is it no less commended (in the generality) for the many accommodate and fit Bays, Creeks, and navigable Rivers, lying upon her Seacoasts, that after a sort invite and provoke the inhabitants to Navigation.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (5) Such as in ancient time made their abode and habitations in this Province, were the GANGANI, who were also called CONCANI, AUTERI, and NAGNATA●. As the Luceni (that were next neighbours unto them) came from the Lucensii, (in Spain) so those Gangani and Concani may seem also to have fetched their derivation from the Concani (a Nation of the selfsame Country) both by the affinity of name, and vicinity of place. In Strabo, according to the diversity of reading, the same people are named Coniaci and Conisci: and Silius testifieth them at the first to have been Scythians, and to have used ordinarily to drink horses blood (a thing nothing strange among the wild Irish even of late days.) And some may also happily suppose that the Irish name Conaughty, was compounded of Concani and Nagnatae: Howsoever, it is sure that these were the ancient Inhabitants of this Country, as is to be seen in Ptolemie.  

The City of Galway.  (6) The principal City of this Province, and which may worthily be accounted the third in Ireland, is Galway, in Irish, Gallive, built in manner much like to a Tower. It is dignified with a Bishops See, and is much frequented with Merchants, by reason whereof, and the benefit of the Road and Haven, it is gainful to the Inhabitants through traffic and exchange of rich Commodities, both by Sea and Land. Not far from which, near the West-shoare that lies indented with small in-lets and outlets, in a rew, are the Islands called Arran, 
The Lands called Arran.  of which many a foolish fable goes, as if they were the Islands of the living, wherein none died at any time, or were subject to mortality; which is as superstitious an observation, as that used in some other corners of the Country, 
A superstitious observation.  where the people leave the right arms of their Infant's males unchristned (as they term it) to the end that at any time afterwards, they may give a more deadly and ungracious blow when they strike: which things do not only show how palpably they are carried away by traditious obscurities, but do also intimate how full their hearts be of inveterate revenge.  
(7) This Province presents no matter more worthy of memory, 
The battle of Knoc-toe,  than the Battle of Knoc-toe (that is) The hill of axes, under which, the greatest rabble of Rebels, that were ever seen before in Ireland, (raised and gathered together by the Archrebels of that time, 
An. D. 1516.  William Burk O-Brien, Mac-Nemare, and O-Carrol) were after a bloody overthrow discomfited and put to flight by the noble service of Girald-Fitz Girald Earl of Gildare. And the suppression of certain Irish (the posterity of Mac-William) who usurping a tyranny in these parts, 
The rebellion of the posterity of Mac-William.  raged sometimes upon themselves, with mutual injuries, and oppressed the poor people a long time with extorting, pilling, and spoiling; so as they left scarce one house in the country unrifled, or unrased; but were bridled and repressed (even in our remembrance) by the severity and resolution of the Commissioner of those times, 
Sir Richard Bingham.  who in his wisdom and policy well understood that their excessive insolence, and those their unjust doings, would be a means to draw the people away from the due obedient to their Prince: such therefore as refused to obey the Laws, 
The Rebels scattered.  and sided with the tumultuous, with all care and diligence he soon scattered, forcing their Forts, and driving them into woods and lurking-holes, (for troubling the blessed estate of tranquillity) till the Lord deputy, who took pity of them, upon their humble supplication, 

They submitted themselves.  
They entered into rebellion afresh.   commanded by his missives, that they should be received upon terms of peace. But they being a stiffnecked people, took Arms again, entered afresh into actual rebellion, drove away booties, made foul uproars, and upon fair promises procured the aid of the Scottish Islanders, from out of the Hebrides: whereupon the Governor assembled an Army, and pursued them with such powerful violence through the Woods and Forests, 
They yielded again and were received. Three thousand Scots drowned at Moin.  that after six or seven weeks, being grievously hungerbitten, they submitted themselves in all humility. The Auxiliary Forces also of the Scots, he by day and night affronted so near, and followed so hardly, that he put them to flight, after he had killed and drowned about 3. thousand of them in the River Moin.  
(8) About the year 1316. there was such a great slaughter made of the Irish in this Province of Connaught, 
A slaughter of the Irish of Connaught.  through a quarrel that arose there between two Lords or Princes, that there were slain on both sides about 4000 men; and so great a tribulation at that time came upon the people, that they did devour and eat one another, so as of ten thousand there remained not above three hundred living. And it is reported for truth, that the people were then so hungerstarved, that in Churchyards they took the dead bodies out of their graves, and in their skulls boiled the flesh, and fed upon it: yea, and that women did eat their own children. Thus appeared the ire and anger of God, in punishing their sins, and seeking their conversion.  
(9) Places memorable, 

Places memorable.  
Inis Ceath.  
Inis Bovind.   are, Inis Ceath, well known by the Monastery of Colman (a devout Saint) founded for Scots and Englishmen; and Inis Bovind, which Bede calleth White Calf Isle. 

A Monastery at Maio.  
Beda lib. 4. c. 4. Curlew hills.   Also Maio, a Monastery built (as Bede writeth) for thirty men of the English Nation. Likewise the Barony of Boil, under Curlew hills, where in times past was a famous Abbey built, together with the Abbey of Beatitude, 
The Abbey of Beatitude.  in the year of Grace 1152. These Abbeys and Monasteries erected at the first for religious services, and through ignorance and other obscurities diverted since unto superstitious uses, are now made the ruins of time.  
(10) The Province of Connaught is at this day strengthened with 14. Castles, 
Castles. Market towns.  traded with 9 Market-towns, and divided as ensueth.  
Counties, Clare, Maio. or Slego. Twomond, Letrim. Galway. Rescomen.   map of the province of Connaught 
THE PROVINCE OF CONNAUGH with the City of GALWAYE Described  


The Division of CONNAUGHT.  
1. SLego.  
2. Maio.  
3. Roscomen.  
4. Letrim.  
5. Longford.  
6. Galway.  
7. Clare or Twomond   


A  
Agarro, Gal.  
Akill Island, Maio.  
Baron of Akill, Maio.  
Can Akill, Maio.  
Akill-beg, Maio.  
Alyne Lough, Letter.  
Anney Flu.  
Ara, Clar.  
Aran Isles, Gal.  
Ardelon, Gal.  
ARDRAGH, Long.  
Arne knock, Gal.  
ATLON, Rosc.  
Atlone Barony, Rosc.  
Aurork, Letter. O.    


B  
Barony of Balantaber, Rosc.  
Balantcourt, Gal.  
Balee Cloud, Clar.  
Balendock, Gal.  
Banrale, Clar.  
Banron, Clar. B.  
Barnary, Gal.  
Barrag. Long.  
Barrogh bay, Maio.  
Mac Bavy, Rosc.  
Beg, Gal.  
Beghan, Clar. B.  
Mac Belec, Sleg.  
Beltree, clar.  
Bellemore Baron, rosc.  
Ben, Gal.  
Benicolben mountains. sleg.  
Benicolben, sleg.  
Biley, Maio.  
Bimpall, long.  
Black-rock, gall.  
Black-rock, Maio.  
Blough, long.  
Borace castle, maio.  
Borace Flu.  
Bower, long.  
Barony of Mac boil, rosc.  
Boyley, ros. M.  
Can Brain, clar.  
Bren, rosc. O.  
West Brenny, letr.  
S. Bride, gall.  
Le Broke long.  
Browater Flu.  
Burse mountains, long.  
Mack. W. Burck. maio.    


C  
Caherdon, gall.  
Caherdogh, clar.  
Caherdoghan, clar.  
Calbadei, gall.  
Can Calew, clar.  
Camagh, long.  
Camme, letr. L.  
Lough Cane, letr.  
Cang. maio. m.  
Lough Carble, gall.  
Caregoly, clar.  
Carew M. ville uterhday, maio.  
Carey, gall.  
Cariknew, clar.  
Carleby Ca Clar.  
Carmin, clar.  
Carohesk, clar.  
Carowmore, gall.  
Cashell, clar.  
Caslelan, clar. b.  
Clanerok, M. Owe Fease. Rosc.  
Clan-hores, maio.  
Clanquistulo, maio.  
Earl of Clanricket, gall.  
Clare, gall. 

Barony of Clare, gall.    
CLARE, clar.  
Mac Clare, clar.  
Clare, gall.  
Ca Clay, clar.  
Can Clegan, gall.  
Clenebo, gall.  
Ca Cleray, clar.  
Enis Clere, maio.  
Clogh, rosc. c.  
Clombrok, gall.  
Clonebegin, rosc.  
Clonefort, gall.  
Cloneghisse, long.  
Cloney, long.  
Clonresh, rosc.  
Colman, clar. c.  
Ca Colyn, clar.  
Comer Don, rosc. ●.  
Comer Roe, rosc. ●.  
Conogher Og, gall.  
Corbra, clar.  
Corkumo, clar.  
Corneguh, rosc.  
Cotrine, clar.  
Cow Bay, maio.  
Cragh, gall. b.  
Crenay, maio.  
Crobraken, clar.  
Croghnene, gall.  
Cronis, gall.  
Cuell, clar. c.  
Curlewes mountains, letr.    


D  
Daghan, clar.  
Darra, gall.  
Darra lands, sleg. ●.  
Deane, clar. c.  
Mac Deran, rosc.  
Lough Derg, clar.  
Mac Dermont, rosc.  
Deser Calo● gall.  
Dingham, clar.  
Mac Dinhanbeg, clar.  
Doc, clar. c. 

The Dog, gall.    
Dolphin, gall.  
Donasse, clar.  
Arras Dondenell, maio  
Dondey, maio. o.  
Ca Done, clar.  
Donebeg, clar.  
Donegate, clar.  
Barony Donmore, maio.  
Hugh Mac Donel. O. kely, gall.  
Donel, clar. c.  
Donell M. Reugh, clar.  
Donnelleg Cast gall.  
Donemany, rosc.  
Donemore, clar.  
Donen castle, maio.  
Donsanan, clar.  
Donoghan, clar.  
The two Mac Donoghes lands, sleg.  
Donolans, gall. ●.  
Donsand, gall.  
Dosleepe, maio.  
Ca Down, gall.  
Ca Down, clar.  
Drelome, long.  
Drogh, gall.  
Dromayne, long.  
Dunbroyle, sleg.  
Dundroes', sleg.  
Barony of Dunkelir, gall.    


E  
Enisky, clar.  
Enis Pike, sleg.  
Ereconge, gall. 

Lough Esk, letr.      


F  
Fadda sleg.  
False Sound, Gal.  
Farolban, long. ●.  
Farset flu.  
Fartbeg, maio.  
Fartmore, maio.  
Feg Mac. mahound, clar.  
Fenna, long.  
Fergus flu.  
Fermore hills, maio.  
Feunon, clar.  
Flera, maio.    


G  
Gallough, gall.  
GALWAL, Gal.  
The Bay of Galway, gall.  
Galley, rosc.  
Garogh, maio.  
Ca Mac Garret, maio.  
Gast, gall. b.  
Glaniog. Cast clar.  
Glaine, clar. c.  
Glowen, maio.  
Gnoware Oslart, gall.  
B. M. Gogen. clar.  
Great Ca clar.  
Great Island, gall.  
S. Gregory's, Sound, gall.  
Grenan, clar.  
Grenam Cast long.  
Gryne, clar. b.    


H  
Hanley, ros. ●.  
Harnalands, sleg. ●.  
Harra neirough lands, sleg.  
Hara Boylands, sleg.  
Enis Hodi, gall.  
Here, gall.  
Herekan, clar.  
Herk, maio.  
Hermough, clar.  
Hoghmo, gall.  
Homlyan, long.  
Huysk, clar.    


I  
Isor-Island, gall.  
john Mac Teg, clar.  
john Amoy, gall.  
Inchequhin, clar.  
Incherone, clar.  
joghint, gall.  
john Og, gall. 

S. jolines, rosc.    
Mac jordan Baron, of Exeter, maio. 

Can jores, maio.      


K  
Kaerdone, clar.  
Kark, gall.  
Kelban, gall.  
Kellegh, clar.  
Forrest of Kellelon, maio.  
Kelleneman, clar.  
Kellewhead, gall.  
Kellone, maio.  
Lough Kelley, gall.  
Eragh Kenally, gall.  
Enis Kerin, gall. 

Cast Kette, clar.    
Enis Kery, clar.  
Kilbane, long.  
Kilbaron, gall.  
Kilfenneragh, clar.  
Kilgohan, gall.  
Kilhoran, gall.  
Killaboy, maio.  
Mac Killean, gall.  
Killenerough, gall.  
Killeroghan, maio.  
Killinard, maio.  
Kilmacullo, gall.  
Kilme, rosc.  
Kilmore, long.  
Killone, clar.  
Kilredon, clar.  
Kilsh, long.  
Barony of Kingstowne, gall.  
KINGSTOWNE, gall.  
Kirgh Cast maio.  
Cast Knock, rosc.  
Knolshehain, rosc.  
Cast Knolles, clar.  
KILALOE, clar.    


L  
Lacan, clar. b.  
Lackfin, gall.  
Lackin, gall.  
Lacuath, gall.  
Lakaath, gall.  
Leak, rosc. b.  
Lekey, gall.  
Lelen, gall.  
Can Leame, gall.  
Can Lean, clar.  
Mac Leray, long.  
Lesalke, gall.  
Castle Letter, gall.  
Letrum, gall.  
Letrum, letr.  
Liscombe, gall.  
Liskeny, clar.  
Lislishen, clar.  
Logh flu. gall.  
LONGEFORD, long.  
Can Lotersk, gall.  
Barony of Lotrim, gall.  
Lough, Sleg.  
Lough, long. m.  
Fin Lough, maio.  
Lysnegyn, clar.    


M  
Barony of Macarne, rosc.  
Madloghony, clar.  
Magherladone, gall.  
Magone, clar  
Magraine, letr. o.  
Magustolo, maio.  
Maine, maio.  
Main, long. c.  
Male, maio, o.  
Marogh, gall.  
Main Ca long.  
Enis May, gall.  
Meliffi, rosc. b.  
Can Merin, gall.  
Lough Mesks, maio.  
Milagh, gall.  
Milech, gall.  
Milurge, rosc.  
Mologha, clar.  
Monena flu. maio.  
Montalan, clar.  
Montaghu Reagh, gall. m.  
Monterollies, letr.  
Morley, rosc. 

Ca Moor, rusc.    
Moore-bay, clar.  
Moor Cast rosc.  
Castle knock Morelen, gall.  
Morelon Cast gall.  
Mornin, long.  
Moshnes Ca clar.  
Moy castle, maio.  
Moy slu. sleg.  
Moy, clar. c. 

Can Moin, sleg.  
Ca Mule, clar.      


N  
Naghlym, long. 

Port Nahaly, maio.    
Nelly, gall. b.  
Nemene, gall.  
Nenany, letr. 

Ca Neregon, clar.  
Ca Nerego, clar.    
Neukerk, letr.  
Lough Nenitie, letr.  
New, rosc. b.  
Newcastle, long.  
Newcastle, gall.  
Newcastle, sleg.  
Newcastle, gall. 

Mac Newmaris, clar.    
Newor, gall. c.  
Nono, clar. c.    


O  
Omacoglan, rosc.    


P  
Pengonell, maio.  
Phelim, clar. 

O Mac. Philpin, maio.  
Enis Pike, clar.    
Pontoy, gall.  
Portevade, maio.    


Q  
Quella, clar.  
Quint, clar.    


R  
Racone, long.  
Rafraine, maio.  
Rahone, clar. c.  
Ralugh, gall. 

Lough Rea, gall.    
Real, gall.  
Redwater slu. maio.  
Renilira, maio.  
Can Renilira, maio.  
Enis Rophin, maio.  
Rosemonagher, clar.  
ROSECOMEN, rosc.  
Rosrial, gall.  
Ca Roy, clar.  
Knock Roy, gall.  
Rudder, long. b.    


S  
Isle of all Saints, clar.  
The Sanctuary, maio.  
Scardies, gall.  
Serclaine, gall.  
serve gall.  
Shaglin, clar. o.  
Shennon flu. clar.  
Shenny, rosc.  
Shog, Ca rosc.  
Slego Flu. Sleg.  
Slew Neren, letr.  
Conner Slego, sleg. o.  
Slego Bay, sleg.  
SLEGO Bille, sleg.  
Slewcolon, clar.  
Slewkughty Mountains, clar.  
Small Island, clar.  
Sormore, gall.  
North Sound, gall.  
South Sound, gall.  
Stakky, maio.  
Knock Stiffingen, gall.  
Bonow Swilly, gall.  
Lough Sylon, long.    


T  
Tqabor, rosc.  
Talegh, clar.  
Castle Teg, gall.  
Temple-heran, rosc.  
Tenelight, long. 

Mac Teredah, clar.    
Terlough Bryne, clar. m.  
Terraner, maio. 

Mac Tibot, maio.  
Mac Thomas, gall.    
Thorn-mountaines, long.  
Tobercan, rosc.  
Tollagh, long.  
Tollegheain Cast Gal.  
Tollogh, clar.  
Tomalyn, clar.  
Enis Torke, maio.  
Tromer, long.  
Tromro, clar. 

Ca Trough, clar.    
Tuork, maio.    


V  
Vtragh, maio.    


W  
Bay whaley, sleg. 

Slew Welnam, maio.    
Wreik, Sleg.      

THIS Province, called by our Welsh Britain's, Vltw, in Irish, Cui Guilly, in Latin, Vltonia, and Vlidia, in English Ulster, 
The bounds of Ulster.  on the North is divided by a narrow Sea from Scotland; Southwaad it extends itself to Connagh and Leinster; the East part lieth upon the Irish Sea; and the West part is continually beaten with the boisterous rage of the main West Ocean. This Province and furthest part of Ireland affronteth the Scotish Lands, which are called the Hebrides, and are scattered in the Seas between both Kingdoms; whose inhabitants at this day is the Irish Scot, successor of the old Scythian.  

The form.  (2) The form thereof is round, reaching in length from Coldagh Haven in her North, to Kilmore in her South, near an hundred miles; and in breadth from Black-Abbey in her East, to Calebegh point in her West, one hundred thirty and odd miles: The whole in circumference, about four hundred and twenty miles.  
(3) This Country seldom feeleth any unseasonable extremities, 
The air.  the quick and flexible winds cooling the heat of Summer, and soft and gentle showers mollify the hardness of the Winter. Briefly, the frozen nor horrid Zone have not here any usurpation; the clouds in the air very sweet and pleasant, yea, and when they are most impure, are not unwholesome, nor of long continuance, the rough winds holding them in continual agitation.  

The soil.  (4) This equal temperature causeth the ground to bring forth great store of several Trees, both fit for building, and bearing of fruit; plentiful of grass for the breeding of Cattle, and is abundantly furnished with Horses, Sheep, and Oxen; the Rivers likewise pay double tribute, deep enough to carry Vessels either for pleasure or profit, and fish great store, both for their own uses, and commodity of others. Salmon in some Rivers of this County abound more in number then in any River of Europe. 
Plenty of Salmon.  To speak (in general) though in some places it be some what barren, troubled with Loughs, Lakes, and thick Woods, yet is it every where fresh, and full of Cattle and forage, ready at all times to answer the husbandman's pains. But Nature is there so little beholding to Art or Industry, 
Negligence of husbandmen.  that the various show upon banks, the shady groves, the green meadows, hanging hills, and fields fit for Corn, (if they were manured) do seem to be angry with their Inhabitants for suffering all to grow wild and barbarous, through their own negligence.  

The ancient Inhabitants.  (5) This County in Ptolemies days was wholly possessed by the Voluntii, Darni, Robogdii, and Erdini, who branched and spread themselves into the several parts of that Island.  
(6) The people of this Province were accustomed in controversies and solemn protestations, 
Their custom to swear by S. Patrick's Staff.  to swear by S. Patrick's Staff, which oath they feared more to break, then if they had sworn by the holy Evangelist. Their ancient custom in making their King, was this: A white Cow was taken, which the King must kill, 
Their custom to choose their King.  and seethe the same in water whole, then must he bathe himself therein stark naked; and sitting in the cauldron wherein it was sod, accompanied with his people round about him, he and they used to eat the flesh and drink the broth wherein he sat, without cup, or dish, or use of hand. How far these prescriptions and customs were different from the conformities of other civil Monarchies, we may well perceive by these and other like observations of those gross times, and as yet they are more barbarous than is any other part of the Island besides.  
(7) Historians relating of Ireland, tell of several Islands in the several Provinces: some full of Angels, some full of Devils; some for male only, some for female; some where none may live, some where none can die; and such effects of trees, stones, and waters, that a man (but of easy conceit) may well esteem them as heedless as uncertain. So also S. Patrick's Purgatory (a thing of much note in the Tract of this Province) is a vault or narrow cave in the ground, 
S. Patrick's Purgatory.  near a Lake (called Erne Lyffer) much spoken of, by reason of (I wot not what) fearful walking spirits, and dreadful apparitions, (or rather some religious horror) which (as some ridiculously dream) was digged by Ulysses when he went down to parley with those in hell. This is the cave which the Inhabitants in these days call Ellan u ' Frugadory, 
Ellan u'Frugadoric.  that is, The Isle of Purgatory, and S. Patrick's Purgatory: for some persons, less devout than credulous, affirm that S. Patrick (or rather Patricius Secundus an holy Abbot of that name) labouring the conversion of the people of this Province, and much enforcing the life to come, they replied contemptuously unto him, that unless they saw proofs of those joys and pains he preached, they would not lose the possession of their present pleasures, in hope or fear of things to come, they wist not when. Whereupon (as they say) he obtained at God's hands by earnest prayer, that the punishments and torments which the godless are to suffer after this life, might be there presented to the eye, that so he might more easily root out the sins and heathenish errors, that stuck so fast in the hearts of the Irish. But touching the credit hereof (although common fame, and some records do utter it) I neither will urge the belief, nor regard, seeing it is no Article of our Creed.  
(8) Matters memorable within this Province are these: 
Matters memorable.  first, that the Bishops of Ireland were wont to be consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
The Archbishop, of Canterbury wont to consecrate the Bishops of Ireland.  in regard of the Primacy which they had in this country; until such time as john Papirio a Cardinal was sent thither from Pope Eugenius●he ●he fourth, to reform Ecclesiastical discipline in this Island, which was then grown so loose, that there were translations, and pluralities of Bishops, according to the will and pleasure of the Metropolitan. 
Irishmen wont to forsake their wives at their pleasure.  Also that the Irishmen were accustomed to leave and forsake their wedded wives at their own free-willes, whereof Lanfranck Archbishop of Canterbury complained unto Therdeluac, a King of Ireland. And had not this Nation been corrupted with this vice, even unto these our days; both the right of lineal succession had been more certain among them, and the Gentry and Commonalty had not in such cruelties imbrued themselves, with such effusion of their own kindred's blood, about their inheritances and legitimation.  
(9) The principal place in this Tract is Armagh near unto the River Kalin, 
Armagh. Vita Patricii. Marian Scotus.  which (albeit it maketh a poor show) is the archiepiscopal See and Metropolitan of the whole Island. Before S. Patrick had built there a fair City, for site, form, quantity, and compass, modelled out (as he saith) by the appointment and direction of Angels, this place was named Drumsalich; the Irish tell much that it received the name of Queen Armacha: but the better opinions are, that it is the same which Bed● calleth Dearmach, and out of the Scottish and Irish language interpreteth it, The Field of Oakes. Here (as S. Bernard writeth) S. Patrick the Apostle of Ireland ruled in his life-time, 
S. Patrick lived and died here.  and rested after death: in honour of whom it was of such venerable estimation in old time, that not only Bishops and Priests, but Kings also and Princes were (in general) subject to the Metropolitan thereof in all obedience, and to his government alone. Among the Archbishops of this Province, S. Malachy is famoused, 
S. Malachy.  who first prohibited Priests marriage in Ireland, and (as S. Bernard saith, who wrote his life at large) borrowed no more of the native barbarousness of that Country, than Sea-fish do saltness of the Seas. 
Rich Fitz-Ralf.  Also Richard Fitz-Ralf (commonly called Armachanus) is of famous memory, who turning the edge of his stile, about the year 1355. began to oppose his opinion against the Order of Mendicant Friars, as detesting in Christians such voluntary begging. The chief Fort in this Tract is Enis Kelling, 
Enis Kelling.  defended by the Rebels in the year 1593. and won by Dowdall, a most valiant Captain: near unto which is a great downfall of water, termed The Salmon-Leape: 
The Salmon Leap.  of which there is a common speech currant among the Inhabitants, that is was once firm ground, very populous, and well husbanded with tillage; till it was suddenly overflown with waters, and turned into a Lake, for some filthy abominable acts of the people against Nature committed with beasts.  
(10) The places of Religion, 
Places of Religion.  sequestered from other worldly services, and consecrated to holy purposes, erected in this Province, were: The Abbey which showeth itself at Donegal: The Monastery of Derie, where the Irish Rebel Shane O-Neal received such an overthrow (by Edward Randolph, renowned for his service in the behalf of his Country) that he could never after recover the loss he sustained at that time: The Monastery near unto the River Liffer: The famous Monastery at the Bay of Knockfergus, of the same institution, name, and order, as was that ancient Abbey in England, near unto Chester, called Banchor: Also Mellifont Abbey, founded by Donald a King of Vriel, and much commended by S. Bernard: And lastly, the most renowned Monastery, built as Armagh in the year of our Salvation 610. out of which very many Monasteries were afterwards propagate both in Britain and Ireland. These places were far and near frequented and sought unto by great confluences of Pilgrims, till Time proved their devotions to be erroneous, and the pure light of the Word revealed, opening the eyes of their understanding, hath taught them to shake oft the shame of such Superstitions.  
(11) That the people of this County might be kepth within the bounds of their duty, this Province hath been secured with fifty six Castles and Forts; and for trade of commerce, nine Market-towns appointed, 
Market-towns, Castles.  being divided into these Counties ensuing: Counties, Dunghall, or Tire connell. Nether Tyrone. Monaghan. Down. Fermanagh. Colrane. Armagh. 
The division of Ulster.  Upper Tyrone. Cavan. Antrim. Lough.   map of the province of Ulster 
THE PROVINCE ULSTER described.  


The Division of ULSTER.  
1. DVnghall or Tyr connell.  
2. Upper Tyrone.  
3. Nether Tyrone.  
4. Fermanagh.  
5. Cavan.  
6. Mcnaghan.  
7. Colrane.  
8. Antrim.  
9 Down.  
10 Armagh.  
11. Lough.   


A  
Knock-Aboy, Upper Tyrone.  
Aendone, Monag.  
The Aggnes, Antrim.  
Agher, Monag.  
Lough Aghre, Down.  
Aghren, Ant.  
Aghugh, Arm.  
Agnaderry, Down.  
Almore, Dun.  
Altyne ella, Col.  
Anaghalome, Down.  
Aneregan, Dun.  
Angwis rock, Down.  
Anogh, Col.  
Castle Antrim, Ant.  
Aperby hill, Ant.  
ARDEE, Lough.  
Ardtra, Nether Tyr.  
Arglas, Down.  
Arglas haven, Down.  
Mac Argum, Down.  
Arkine Castle, Down.  
ARMAGH, Arm.  
Castle Arnish, Arm.  
The North Isles of Arran, Dun.  
Ashrow Mac, Dun.  
Audley, Down.  
Aurely, Cavan. O.    


B  
Bably, Upper Tyr.  
Slew bagh, Ferm.  
Bagnall, Down.  
Castle Balan, Ant.  
Baleghan, Dun.  
Balemony, Ant.  
Baleshanan, Dun.  
The Bay of Balewilly, Dun.  
Castle Baltern Ant.  
Ballydaly. Upper Tyr.  
Ban Flu, Down.  
Bancher, Col.  
Band Flu, Ant.  
Band haven, Col.  
Barnebal, arm.  
Mac Banger, Down.  
Bangidon, Col.  
Barnemore, Dun.  
Baythdone, Upper Tyr.  
Lough Begna, Down.  
Lough Beg, Ant.  
Belfast, Ant.  
Belterbert, Ferm.  
Bencol, Ant.  
Benebroch, Nether Tyr.  
Benlintowne, Lough.  
Benmadigang, Ant.  
Bermeth, Lough.  
Bert, Dun.  
The Bishop's seat, Down.  
Black Abbey, Down.  
Black-head, Ant.  
Blackwater, Neth. Tyr.  
Blackwater Fort, N. Tyr.  
Blackwater Flu, N. Tyr.  
The great Blackwater, Ferm.  
Blare, Down.  
Bonavarga, Ant.  
Bonodrium, Ant.  
Castle Boy, Down.  
Boyesse Flu, Ant.  
boil, Dun. O.  
Castle boil, Dun. O.  
Enis boil, Dun. O.  
Bow Flu, Lough.  
Terlogh Brassilogh, Arm.  
Lan Brassill, Arm. C.  
Breklin, Down.  
East Brennie, Cavan.  
Brian Carrogh, ant.  
Saint Brides, down.  
The Briall, down.  
Brian Carrogh, Ne. Tyr.  
Bundorlin Fort, arm.  
Buneranagh, dun.    


C  
Calebeg, dun.  
Calebeg haven, dun.  
Mac Camher, down.  
Camis, Upper Tyr.  
Camon Flu, Upper Tyr.  
Candan point, down.  
Cane, Col. O.  
Mac Cane, arm.  
Capagh, Epper Tyr.  
Carick, Monagh.  
Carlingford haven, Lou.  
CARLINGFORD, Lo  
Carmacon, down.  
Canantogher, Neth. Tyr.  
Caroan, dun.  
Carramore, Upper Tyr.  
Knock Cary, ant.  
Mac Carten, down.  
Lough Carutell, Nesh. Tyr.  
Cavan, Cavan.  
Castle Cavah, Cavan.  
Charles Fort, Neth. Tyr.  
Churchland, Monagh.  
Cladagh Island, dun.  
Cladagh-bay, dun.  
Clanagher, Neth. Tyr.  
Clandawell, arm.  
The nether Clandeboy, ant.  
Clantarrin, Cavan.  
Castle Cloghbally, down.  
Cloghan, Monogh.  
Clogher point, Lough.  
Cloghera Bishops See, Monagh.  
Cloghmahar Duory, ant.  
Clon, Neth Tyr.  
Closhagh, Ferm.  
Clunis Monast. Ferm.  
Clyffe, down.  
Clyton, Lough.  
Cociti Flu, down.  
Coldagh, dun.  
Coldagh haven, dun.  
Collumkill, down.  
Colraine mon, ant.  
Colraine Castle, co.  
Lough Cone, down.  
Conner, down.  
Conora Bishops See, ant.  
Copland Isles, down.  
Cook, Lough.  
Lough Coran, Nether Tyr.  
Coraine Flu, ant.  
Cow and Calf, down.  
Cragan, arm.  
Cramfeild point, down.  
Cremourne, Monagh.  
Crog Castle, ant.  
Cross Isle, down.  
Lough Cryse, Nether Tyr.  
Cumber Flu, Ferm.  
Cusher Flu, down.    


D  
Dalgan Flu, arm.  
Dendough Carrick, ant.  
Lough Der, down.  
Derrie, dun.  
Derrie Fort, dun.  
Desert, Neth. Tyr.  
Devenish, Ferm.  
Dirgh Castle, dun.  
Dirgh Flu, dun.  
Lough Dirgh, or Saint Patrick's Purgatory, dun.  
Dirrey, down.  
Lough Disart, Nether Tyrone.  
Disart Crygh, Nether Tyrone.  
Mac Dogevene, Col.  
Doh. Arnbery. of't.  
Dole, Neth. Tyr.  
Donanerony, ant.  
Donaneny Castle, ant.  
Fort Donat, Nether Tyr. O.  
Lough Donat, Nether Tyr. O.  
DONDALKE, Lough.  
Dondrom bay, down.  
Donegall Monast, dun.  
Kill Donel, dun.  
Donelong, Upper Tyr.  
Donenany point, Lough.  
Doneregy, arm.  
Donglas, Nether Tyr.  
Donhalieing, ant.  
Donegalke, Lough.  
Temple Donocave, Upper Tyr.  
Donohelon, down.  
Donogh, Upper Tyr.  
Donoghiddy, Upper Tyr.  
Slu Donogh, Col.  
Donoghs' inragh, Nether Tyrone.  
Donogmore, down.  
Donomaw, down.  
Donomore, dun.  
Donmory, ant.  
Donomurke, Neth. Tyr.  
Knock Donoshery, Col.  
Temple Donrath, Upper Tyr.  
Donroe, ant.  
Dony, Monagh.  
Dony, down.  
Dornous, arm.  
The Dorterey, Cavan.  
Dougharty, dun. O.  
Downoman, down.  
Mac Sul Down, down.  
Droghdagh haven, Long.  
DROGHDAGH, Lou.  
Dromebaly, down.  
Dromemarke, ant.  
Dromore, down.  
Dromshallen, Lough.  
Dronecan, Lough.  
Drumboe, Neth. Tyr.  
Drumboe, Neth. Tyr.  
Dundalke haven, Lough.  
DUNGAL, dun.  
Dungall haven, dun.  
Dungannon, Neth. Tyr.  
Dunluce Castle, ant.  
Dunmore, Lough.  
Dunseeke, ant.  
Lough Dunuare, ant.    


E  
Earn Lough, Ferm.  
Bishop's Eggs, Monagh.  
Lough Eggs, Monagh.  
Elowh, dun.  
Enesse, down.  
Enis Garden, down.  
Can Enis, dun.  
Enis Macky, Upper Tyr.  
Enisken, Monagh.  
Enis forced Logan, Col.  
Enys Pike, Ferm.  
Lough Eske, dun.  
Eske Flu, dun.  
Knock Evah, down.    


F  
Fair forland, ant.  
Fawn Cast Dun.  
Fenlogh, Mon.  
Fentenagh, Upper Tyr.  
Finne Flu, dun.  
Lough Finne, dun.  
Castle Finne, dun.  
Foghan Flu, Col.  
Island Fongren, Upper Tyr.  
An old Fort, Nether Tyr.  
Forway, Lough.  
Lough Foil, Vp. Tyr.  
Lough Foil haven, dung.  
Freerston, ant.    


G  
Slew Gallon, Nether Tyr.  
Garland, Lough.  
Garstaune, Lough.  
Lough Gel, ant.  
Knock Glad, ant.  
Glanarme Castle, ant.  
Glanarme bay, ant.  
Glandagh, dun.  
South Glan de boy, down.  
Glanharky, ant  
Glankankyne, Nether Tyr.  
Glanraven Flu, ant.  
Glaspestell, Lough.  
Glastalagne, ant.  
The Glinnes, ant.  
Slew Gore, Monagh.  
Gormeley, Ferm. O.  
Grange, Lough.  
Grange, ant.  
Grey Abbey, down.  
Green Castle, dun.  
Green Castle, down.  
Gudorra Flu, dun.  
Mac Guere, Ferm.  
Guherra Flu.  
Mac Guilly, ant.    


H  
Haghnie Mullen, Mon.  
Hanaloe Flu, down.  
Lough Hardwarns, ant.  
Hawks rock, dun.  
Haygardes, Lough.  
Hellaine Ha●rone, down.  
S. Helena, dun.  
S. Helen's Haven, dun.  
Henry, Lough.  
Hernoh, down.  
Naghr Hollogh, Cau.  
Hollywood Abbey, down.  
Horrehead, dun.  
Hugh Mac. Duffe, dun.    


I  
Inchah, down.  
Ide, down.  
Igangoh, down.  
Ilanay, ant.  
Inis Castle, dun.  
S. John's point, down.  
Lough Knock jormy, down.    


K  
Karne Lough, down.  
Kasin Flu, arm.  
Lough Kasin, arm.  
Karreene, dun.  
Kelles Mac, ant.  
The Kelles Duffree, down.  
Mac Kenan, Monagh.  
Kilcorwan, down.  
Kill-Cliffe, down.  
Killeagh, down.  
Killecony, down.  
Killetra, Neth. Tyr.  
Killetro, Neth. Tyr.  
Enis Killing Fort, Ferm.  
Mac Killoran, Arm.  
Killoughter, Cavan.  
Killultagh, down.  
Kilmacrenan, dun.  
Kilmack, dun.  
Kilmana, Neth. Tyr.  
Kilmore, Monagh.  
Kilmore, Cavan.  
Kilrough, Col.  
Kilrout, Ant.  
Kilwarlin, Down.  
Kite Ba, Dun.  
knee Island, ant.  
Castle Knock, Upper Tyr.  
Knock Crag, Nether. Tyr.  
Knockerunollogh, dow.  
KNOCKFERGUS, ant.  
Knomanage, Neth. Tyr.  
Kolmologcrogh, Cavan.  
The Kow, ant.  
Kullemeor, dun.  
Lough Kurkan, down.    


L  
Lambs Island, ant.  
The Largy, Nether Tyr.  
Laurie, down.  
Lecale Fort, down.  
Leinwady Castle, Col.  
Leiston Flu, down.  
Leyseynnes, Monagh.  
Lumnart, Lough.  
Lough Luske, Nether Tyr.  
Liffer, dun.  
Lisemucke, Monagh.  
Lisekilogham, Ferm.  
Lisgold, Ferm.  
Lisham, Neth. Tyr.  
Lishanaham, Monagh.  
Lisnafa, down.  
Dogan Flu, down.  
Castle Lough, down.  
Lough Swilly, dun.  
Lough Foil, dun.  
Lough, Lough.  
LOUTH, Lough.  
Lumnart, Lough.  
Louth Luske, Nether Tyr.    


M  
Mac Macomer, ant.  
Madarge point, dow.  
Mages Isle, ant.  
Magroittree, dun.  
Castle Maing, Monagh.  
Mahaline, ant.  
Mahamley, down.  
Mahara Ferkin, ant.  
Maharla, down.  
Maharlef gall, Nether Tyr.  
Maharles, Arm.  
Maharry, Neth. Tyr.  
Mahone gall, down.  
Mahtra, down.  
Malin, dun.  
Markinton bay, ant.  
Marshals, ant.  
Skir Martin, down.  
Mac Masarmah, ant.  
The Maidnes, ant.  
Mehaterry, down.  
Melogh Flu, down.  
Mellogh Carne, Upper Tyr.  
Mere, Lough.  
Slew Meser, ant.  
Six Milebridge, dow.  
Miskigh mewgh, dun.  
Moan Flu, dun.  
All Mollallan, dun.  
Mollogh gora Fort, Upper Tyr.  
Monaghan Fort, Mon.  
Montjoy Fort, Nether Tyr.  
Monuell Abbey, down.  
Mourn, down.  
The mountain of Mourn, down.  
Mounterburne, Nether Tyr.  
Lough Muckne, Mon.  
Muckne, Mon.  
Knock Mullagh, ant.  
Castle Mille, Lough.    


N  
Castle Narrow-water, Lo.  
Narrow-water, Dow.  
Lough Neaugh, Nether Tyr.  
Mac Negosarahan, Col.  
Newcastle, Lough.  
Newcastle, down.  
NEWRY, down.  
Newton, Upper Tyr.  
Newtowne, Upper Tyr.  
Newtowne Abbey, down.  
Mount Norris, Arm.  
North-rocke, down.    


O  
Odonel, Dun.  
Henry Ogge, Arm.  
Olderflet, ant.  
Olderfleet haven, An.  
The stone where male is chosen, Nether Tyr.  
Omey Castle, Upper Tyr.  
Mac Omey, Upper Tyr.  
Onealand, arm.  
Slugart Oneale, Dun.  
Slut Mac Oneale, Down.  
Orraine, arm.  
Ousher flu, dun.  
Owen duff, Nether Tyr.  
Owen Maugh the ancient seat of the Kings of Ulster, arms.  
Roc Owen. Col.  
Roc Owen flu. Nether Tyr.  
Inis Owen, Dun.  
Owindirgh ant.  
Oxlogh, Mon.    


P  
The Pass, Down.  
The Pass, Lough.  
Lough Patelegan, arm.  
Patrick, Down.  
S. Patriks rock, dow.  
Peremucke, ant.  
Permeferry, down.  
Bishop Philip, down.  
Pisneracregan, Cavan.  
Plelim, down.  
Polly, down.  
Promontory, ant.    


R  
Ragh Island, down.  
Ragha Island, Nether Tyr.  
Raghin, Mon.  
The Raghlins, ant.  
Ramultan Castle, dun.  
Rane-had, down.  
Raynold, down.  
Bishop Reagh, ant.  
Reagh, down.  
Red bay Castle, ant.  
Red Castle, dun.  
Red-bay, ant.  
Red-haven, dun.  
rely, down.  
Richard, Lough.  
Rinor, Neth. Tyr.  
Rock flu, Col.  
Lough Rosse, Monagh.  
Castle Rosse, Monagh.  
Lough Rose, Monagh.  
Rosse, dun.  
The Rout, ant.  
Lough Rush, Col.  
Lough Ryle, down.    


S  
Lough Sade-fold, Mon.  
Sarard, Lough.  
Salmon-leape, ant.  
The Salmon Fishing, dun.  
Savage, down.  
Sawell pit a Mew, Col.  
Scatericke, Down.  
Scots, ant.  
Mount Sendal, ant.  
Knock Serabah, Do.  
Sergeant's town, Ar.  
Sidney Island, Nether Tyr.  
Silver hill, dun.  
Shanan, Lough.  
Lough Shanahan, down.  
Sheap flu down.  
Sheep haven, dun.  
Shelton, Lough.  
Skee, Ferm.  
Skin flu, Col.  
Skirres Portrush, Col.  
Skirris, ant.  
Skrine, Neth. Tyr.  
Smith's Castle, down.  
Sok-le-boy, An.  
South-rock, down.  
Stokan, Neth. Tyr.  
Stone-over, ant.  
Strangford, down.  
Strangford haven, dow.  
Temple Stanhurst land, down.  
Streband, Upper Tyr.  
Lough Swilly haven, dun.  
Mac Swinne dogh, dun.  
Mac Swinne Banogh, dun.  
Mac Swinne Fannought, dun.  
Castle Swinne Ado, dun.    


T  
Tadog, ant.  
Talbot, down.  
Tallah, Neth. Tyr.  
Tallowen flu, Nether Tyr.  
Tehevet, ant.  
Telyn, dun.  
Tenan, arm.  
Bay Teraine, ant.  
Terim flu, Neth. Tyr.  
Termon, Upper Tyr.  
Slew Tgore, Col.  
Lough Tinan, Monagh.  
Bishop Togher, down.  
Toghraby, Monagh.  
Tallagh Corbet, Mon.  
Tollogh Cast, Lough.  
Tolloghnest, Ne. Tyr.  
Tom Fort, Neth. Tyr.  
Tom lagh, dun.  
Tor, ant.  
Tor Island, ant.  
Torre Island, dun.  
Toughagh, arm.  
Town, Lough.  
Town Castle, ant.  
Trigall, Net. Tyr.  
Slew Trim, Upper Tyr.  
Troghenghtro, Mon.  
Owen ne Trough, Nether Tyr.  
Trowis flu.  
Tullagh, Neth. Tyr.  
Tullash, down.    


V  
Uragh flu.    


W  
Wall, Mon.  
Walley Bay, dun.  
Warren Castle, Lough.  
Warren flu.  
Welsh Castle, down.  
Whithead bay, ant.  
Whithead Castle, ant.  
White Castle, dun.  
White Abbey, ant.  
White Land, ant.  
Whites Castle, down.  
White Island, down.  
Bishop Willy Castle, dun.       

THE FIRST INDEX OR ALPHABETICAL TABLE, containing the principal matters in the Maps both of ENGLAND and IRELAND, the first number noting the Page, and the second the Section.  


A  
Fol. Sect.  Aberconwey Town like a City, 
123 6  Aberfrawe the Prince of Wales his Court, 
99 8  Adelme founder of Malmesbury Monastery, 
25.8  Adulph reedisieth Peterborow Monastery, upon what ocsion, 
55.7  Iul: Agricola his Trench or Fortification, limiting the Roman Province, 
6.9  Saint Albans Isle, 
94.8  Saint Albans Town and Monastery, 
39.5  Alcluid, i. Dunbritton, 
132.12  Alesbury wherefore much frequented, 
43.7.  Alexander King of Scots, King of the Western Lands, and of Man, 
92.16  Alfred (or Elfred) restoreth the University of Oxford, 
45.7  Buildeth Colleges, and placeth Readers there, 
ibid.  Almanac of Harvest men in Denbigh shire, 
119.3  Alney Island, 
47.10  Amble-side or Amboglana, 
85 10  Ambresbury Abbey, 
17.6 & 25.9.  Ancalites where seated, 
45.4  Anderida City, 
9.4  Andradswald, 
9.4  S. Annes-well at Buxstones, 
67.8  Anglesey Isle how confined, 
99.8 
What canters and Commots it hath, 
99.8  How named, and why, 
125.1  The form and dimension of it, 
2  The Air and Commodities thereof, 
3  The seat of the Druids, 
5  How divided, 
Ibid.  By whom infested and subdued, 
9  Hundreds and Townes thereof 
126    Antimonium. 
See Stibium.  Antiquities in West Riding, 
79.7  Anwicke field, 
89.10  Appleby Town and Castle in Westmoreland. 
85.8  Aquila prophsieth, 
17.6  Archbishops Sees in Britain three, 
2.14  Armagh an archiepiscopal and Metropolitan See in Ireland, 
145.9  Arran Lands near Galway, 
143.6  arthur's chair an high mountain, 
109.4.  King Arthur's round Table at Llansanan in Denbighshire, 
119.6  Prince Arthur keepeth his Court at Ludlow, 
71.7  Prince Arthur his Monument or Sepulchre, 
51.5 & 23.10  Arvon, i Cair-Narvon, 
99.7.  Ashes making ground fruitful, 
119.4  Ashbridge much renowned for a feigned Miracle, 
43.7  Saint Assaph in North-Wales an Episcopal See, 
99.11 & 121.9  Astroits the precious stone found at Slugbury in Warwick shire, 
53.7 
Alsoneere Beaver, 
61.3    Attrebatii where planted, 
27 5  Saint Andree foundress of Ely. 
37.5  Saint Andrees Liberties, 
Ibid.  Angustine first Archbishop of Canterbury, 
6.5  Angustines' Oak in Worcestershire, 
51.6  Anteri, what people in Ireland, 
143.5.    


B  Badbury the West-Saxon King's Court, 
17.6  Brinbrig an ancient place, 
79.7  Bala Curi, the Bishop's Palace of the Isle of Man, 
91.5  Baldwine the great Forester of Flaunders. 
57.2  Banchor or Bangor a City, and the first Monastery, 
121 9 
The ruins thereof, 
Ibid.  A Bishops See, 
99.9    Brakley Castle where King Edward the 2. was murdered, 
47.10  Braklow hills in Essex, 
31.5  Bark-shire whence it took ram●, 
27.1 
How it is bounded, 
27.1  The form, measure, and air thereof, 
27.2.3.4  What commodities it yieldeth, 
27.4  By whom anciently inhabited, 
27.5  What Religious houses it had, 
27.10  Hundreds and Towns in Berkshire, 
28    Barnet field, 
29.9  Bartholanus & his three sons planted in Ireland. 
137 8  Barwick 
89.9 
How governed, 
Ibid.  The graduation of it, 
Ibid.    Battle-bridge, 
81.7  Battaile-field, 
9.7  Battle of Standard, 
81.7  bath in Sommersetshire, what names it had, and why so called, 
23.7  Beault in Brecknockshire, 
109 5.  Beaumarish, why so named, 
See Bonover, 125.8.  Thomas Becket his Tomb, 
7.8  Bede a Monk of Weremouth, where borne, 
83 6  Bedford-shire how bounded, 
41.1 
The form and dimension of it, 
41.2  The air, soil, and commodities of Bedford-shire, 
41.3.  The ancient Inhabitants thereof, 
41.4  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
42    Bedford Town and Castle, 
41.6.7 
How described, and how governed, 
41.7  The graduation of it, 
41 10    Of Beeston Castle a Prophecy, 
73.9  Belga, where seated, 
13.6. & 15 6 & 23.5. & 25.5  Bellona's Temple in York 
78 9  Bennones. 
See Cleicester.  Benonium. 
See Binchester.  Berinus the first Archbishop of Dorchester, 
6.8 
His circuit, 
Ibid.  The Apostle and Bishop of the Westsaxons, 
Ibid.  Preacheth and baptizeth at Oxford, 
45.4  The Apostle also of the South-Saxons, 
Ibid.    Berry, sometimes a famous City in Shrop-shire, 
71.9  Birth a Town in Scotland destroyed by the inundation of Tai, 
132.16  Y. Bervedhwald the fourth part of North-Wales: the bounds, commodities, canters and commots in it, 
99.11  Beaver in Tivi River described, 
113.3.  Beverley a Sanctuary, 
81.5  Saint john of Beverley, 
Ibid.  Bibroces what people, 
25 5  Binbridge Isle, 
15.4  Binchester, sometimes Benonium, 
83.9  Sir Richard Bingham his valour and wisdom in repressing Mac-Williams posterity, 
143.7  Bishoprickes how many in England and Wales, 
6.4  Blany people in Ireland, 
141 4  Blond-raine, 
15.8. & 78.9  Charles Blunt, Lord Mountioy quenched the rebellion of Tirone, 
139.9  Bedman, the middle Town of Cornwall, 
21.8 
the climate thereof, 
Ibid.  A Bishops See removed to Excester, 
21.10.    Queen Boduo razeth Maldon, 
31.8  Bone-well in Herefordshire, 
49 6  Benover now Beaumarish, 
129 
The government and graduation of it, 
Ibid.    Borders between Scotland and England, 
6.11 
Now the midst of the Empire, 
Ibid.    Borrow, what it signifieth, 
3.6  Bors-holder or Tithingman, 
3.6  Bosham in Sussex, 
9.8  Boskenna Monument or Trophy, 
21.9  Bovata. 
See Oxgang.  Bovium. 
See Ban●hor.  Bows an ancient Town in West-riding, 
79.7  Brazen armour digged up in Cornwall, 
21.9  Brazen nose College in Stanford, 
59.8  Breake-speare. 
See Hadrian the fourth.  Breertous death in Cheshire presignified, 
73.9  Brecknockshire, the nature of it, 
100.21 
What Cantreves and Commots it hath, 
ibid.    Brecknockshire how bounded, 
109.1 
Why so named, 
ibid.  The dimension of it, 
109 2  The nature of the soil, 
3  By whom inhabited in old time, 
4    In Brecknockshire what Hundreds, Townes, and memorable places, 
110  Brecknock Town and Castle how seated, 
109.6 
The graduation of it, 
Ibid.  How governed, 
Ibid.    brigants in England where seated, 
75.5 & 79.4. & 87.5. & 83.5. & 85.5.  brigants or Birgantes in Ireland, whence they took name, 
141.4  Saint Brigid much esteemed in Kildare, 
141.8  Saint Brioch, or Brien, a Town in Britain Armorica whence it had denomination, 
139.6  Saint Briochus where borne and bred, 
139.6  Bristol a beautiful City, 
23.7 & 47.8 
A County by itself, 
23.7 & 47.8  How governed, 
23.7    Great Britain how far it extends, 
1.2 
The greatest Island of the Roman world, 
ibid.  What Countries about upon it, 
1.3  Her Eulogies, 
1.3. & 4  The site thereof, 
1.2  Sometime no Island, 
1.6  Slenderly known to julius Caesar, 
2.8  Divided into Kingdoms in Caesar's time, 
2.9  The supposed division thereof to Brutus three sons, 
2.10    Britain into three parts divided, 
99.1  Britain the less in Ptolemy is Ireland, 
2.11  Britain great and less how to be taken, 
2.12  Britain the higher, what it is in Dio, 
2.13  Britain the lower, what it is in Dio, 
ibid.  Britain divided by Severus into two Provinces, higher and lower, 
2.13 
Divided into three parts, 
2 14    Britannia prima, secunda, maxima Caesariensis, 
2.14  Britain divided into five parts, 
2.15  Prima, how limited, 
2.15 15 
Secunda, how bounded, 
ibid.  Maxima Caesariensis, how limited, 
2.15    Britain for greatness the second Island in the world, 
137.4  Britain's Conquest highly respected of the Romans, 
2 17  Britain's triumph magnificent, 
2.17  British Bricks, 
77.6  British Islands which they be, 
1.3  Buckingham-shire, why so called, 
43.1 
How bounded, 
43.2  The dimension of it, 
ibid.  The air and soil, 
43.3  The Commodities, 
ibid.  By whom in old time inhabited, 
43.4  Places of Religion therein, 
43.7  Hundreds & Towns therein, 
44    Buckingham Town how seated, 
43.5 
How governed, 
ibid.  The graduation of it, 
ibid.    Buleum Silurum, 
109.5  Bullingbroke the birthplace of King Henry the fourth, 
63 7  Bur● a River in Norfolk, 
35 3  Burgheses, 
4.7  Burgh under Stanemore, 
85.8 
The same that Vertera, 
ibid.    Busie-gap, 
89.13  Buxston Wells, 
67.8    


C  Caer-Caradoc, why so called, 
71.5  Caerdiff, the fairest Town of all South-Wales, 
105.4 
How governed, 
ibid.  The site thereof, 
ibid.    Caerdiff Castle, where Robert Curthose was kept prisoner, 
105.4  Caerdigan shire how bounded, 
100.16. & 113.1 
Towns, Castles, Cantreves and Commots therein, 
100.16  The County given to Gilbert de Clare, 
113.5  The form and dimension thereof, 
113.2  Commodities thereof, 
113 4  Hundreds, Townes, Rivers, etc. in it, 
114    Caerdigan Town upon Tivi, 
100.16 
How seated and by whom fortified. 
113.7  The graduation thereof, 
ibid.    Caer-legion is Westchester, 
73 7  Caer-leon an Archbishops See, 
6  Caerlheon upon uske, 
110 20  Caermarden shire how divided into Cantreves & Commots, 
100.18 
How it is bounded, 
103 1  The form and air of it, 
103.2. & 3  By whom in old time possessed, 
103 4  The Commodities it yieldeth, 
ibid. 5  Hundreds, Townes, etc. in it, 
104  Roman Coins there found, 
103.4    Carmarden town, what names it hath, 
103.6 
How governed, 
103.6  The position thereof, 
ibid.    Caernarvonshire how bounded, 
99.9. & 123.1 
What names it hath, 
123 1  The form and dimension of it, 
ibid. 2  The air and soil, 
ibid. 3 & 4  In it Pearls engendered, 
123 5  Cantreves and Commots in it, 
99.9  By what people in old time inhabited, 
123.5  Towns, Rivers, and memorable places, 
124.    Caernarvon Town or City within a Castle, 
123.6  The civility and government thereof, 
123.6 
The position, 
ibid. 99.9  Caer-Segont, i. Carnarvan. 
99.9    Caesaria. See jersey. 
 Caledonia Wood in Scotland, 
123.12  Caledonium or Deucaledonium Sea, 
99.1  Caledonii, 
2.12.  Calphurnius Father of Saint Patrick, 
101.7  Camalet Hill in Sommersetshire, 
23.10  Camalodunum. See Malden. 
 Cambria. 
 Cambri. 
 Cambraoc. 
99.2  Cambridge-shire how named by the Saxons, 
37.1 
How bounded, 
ibid.  The length, breadth, and circumference of it, 
37.2  Whence it came to be so called, 
37.4  What Religious houses therein, 
37.3  Commodities thereof, 
37 6  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
38    Cambridge town and graduation, 
37.4 
Made an University, 
ibid.    Came a River in Cambridge-shire, 
37.3  Candal. See Kendal. 
 Cangi, where they inhabited, 
37.5  Canterbury a very ancient City, 
7.8 
The glory and graduation of it. 
7. ●    Canterbury Archbishop, Primate of all England, 
6.7 
Metropolitan, and his jurisdiction, 
5.4    King Canute with his Danes overthrown, 
17.4  Canutus Delfe. See Swords Delfe. 
57.1  Caractacus a valiant British Prince, 
71.5  Caresbrooke Castle in the Isle of Wight, 
15.7  The position or graduation of it, 
ibid.  At Carleton in Leicester-shire they wharle in their speech, 
61.2  Carlilo City how seated, 
87 7 
An Episcopal See, 
87.7  What names it had, 
87.7  A Colony of Flemings, 
ibid.  The Castle built, 
ibid.  The position thereof, 
ibid.    Carreg Castle, 
103.7  Caruca and Carucata what it is, 
57.3  Casquets what rocks, 
94.3  Casterford, 
78.10 
Called Legeolium, 
ibid.    Cassii what people and where planted, 
39.4.  Castle Cornet in Garnsey, 
94.8  Castor in Norfolk, sometime Venta Icenorum, 
35.5  Catarick, or Cattrick bridge an ancient place, 
79 7  Cattieuchlani where seated, 
39.4 & 41.4 & 43.4  Catigern slain in Battle, 
7 11  A Cave or Chink yielding a strange noise, 
105.6  Cauci people in Ireland, 
104 4  Ceangi. See Cangi, 
 Ceaulin defeated by the Britain's dieth in exile, 
25 6  Robert Cecil, the worthy Earl of Salisbury, 
25.7  Centuriatae, or Hundreds why so called, 
57.3  Ceorle or Churl, 
4.7  Chamber in the Forest, 
73 7  Charlos Duke of Orleans taken prisoner, 
9.8  Chersey in Buckingham-shire, 
43.4  Cheese in Essex. 
31 6  Cheese in Suffolk, 
33.5  Cheshire how bounded, 
73 1 
The form, air, and Climate, 
73.2. & 3  The soil, 
ibid. 4  Cheese there the best, 
73 4  The men described, 
ibid. 5  Chief for men and women, 
ibid.  Always true and loyal to their Sovereign, 
ibid.  Their Gentry, 
ibid.  Made a Principality, 
ibid.  A County Palatine, 
ibid.  The Commodities thereof, 
73.7  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
74    Chester City, alias West Chester, 
73.7 
The Minster or Cathedral Church by whom built, 
73.7  A Corporation of itself, 
73.7  The position thereof, 
73.7  Chester Earldom, 
73.8    Chester in the Street, sometime Condercum, 
83.9  Chichester City, 
9.6 
Chichester the Cathedral Church built and twice burnt, 
ibid.  Chichester hath borne the title of an Earldom, 
ibid.  The position thereof, 
ibid.    Chiltern-hills. 
43.3  Chirke Castle in Chirkeland, 
100.12  chorographical Tomb of this work, 
1.1  Christ his Passion cut in stone by David 2. King of Scots, prisoner, 
65.7  Cidre. See Sidre. 
 Cimenshore in Sussex, why so called, 
9.7  Cinque Ports, 
7.5  Circester why called Passerum Vrbi, 
47.9 
How named in old time, 
ibid.  Of what circuit in times past, 
ibid.    Cites or Kitescote the Monument of Catigern, 
7.11  City built Saint Cuthbert in Farne Isle, 
93  Clare County. See Twomund. 
 Clawdh Offa. See Offa ditch. 
 Clausentium, now Southampton, 
13.10  Cleicester where it stood. 
61.7  Cley, a part of Nottinghamshire, 
65.7  Cockles on the top of Mountains, 
79.6  Coinage in old time, 
57.5  Coal in pits of what substance, 
83.4  Coalpits in the Bishopric of Durham, 
83.4  Coal in pits at Cole-Overton in Leicester-shire, 
61.1  Colchester by whom built, 
31 7 
In Colchester Constantine the great borne, 
31.7    Colchester how fortified, 
31.7 
whereof it taketh name, 
31 7  The civil government and graduation of Colchester, 
ibid.    Colleges which were first endowed with lands in all Christendom, 
45.7  Columbkill where the Kings of Scotland, Ireland, and Norway were entombed, 
132.18  Combat between Edmond Ironside and Canutus, 
47.10  Comius Attrebas or of Arras, 
27.5  Commodus the Emperor his Hercules-like Statue, 
79.7  Concani. See Gangani. 
 Concha mother to Saint Patrick, 
101.7. & 132.12  Condercum. See Chester in the Street. 
 Coning. i. King why so called, 
4.7  Connaught Province how it is bounded, 
143.1 
The form and dimension thereof, 
143.2  The Air and Bogghes, 
ibid. 3  By whom inhabited in old time, 
143.5  Extreme famine there, 
143.8  What religious houses there, 
143.9  Counties and Towns there, 
144    Constantius Chlorus the Emperor died at York, 
78.9 
His Sepulchre, 
78.11    Conwy river how named in old time, 
123.6  john Cobland a famous and valiant Esquire, In the Map of Durham Bishopric, 
 Cobland a part of Cumberland, 
87.2  Copper-Mine at Wenlocke in Shropshire, 
71.9 
In Cumberland, 
87.4    Corinaeus, 
22  Coritani where they inhabited, 
55.4. & 59.6 & 61.4. & 67.4  Corham or Coverham Abbey, 
79.8  Cork County in Ireland sometime a Kingdom, 
139  Cork City in Monster, how seated, 
139.6 
An Episcopal See, 
ibid.  The marriage of the Citizens, 
ibid.    Cornavii what countries they held, 
51.4. & 53.4. & 69.5. & 71.5. & 73.5.  Cornwall why so called, 
3.2 & 21.1 
Of what temperature for air it is, 
21.2  Almost an Isle, 
21.4  The soil, 
21.3  The dimension thereof, 
21.3  The ancient and modern Inhabitants, 
21.5  It giveth title of Earl and Duke, 
21.6  What commodities it yieldeth, 
21.7  Religious houses therein, 
21.10  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
22    Cottons Family of Coningham in Huntingtonshire, 
58.8  Coventry a well walled City, 
53.5 
A Corporation and County by itself, 
53.5    Counsel of the Marches of Wales ordained, 
71.7  Counsel at York erected, 
78 9  Courts of justice altered by King William Conqueror, 
5.3.  Caway Stakes, 
29.6  Crediton or Kirton a Bishops See translated to Excester, 
19.6  Cretingsbury, 
58.10  Sir Adam de Creting, 
ibid.  Robert Bossu Crouchbacke Earl of Leicester rebelleth, 
61.6 
Buildeth the Abbey of St Maries de Pratls near Leicester, 
61.6  He becometh a Canon Regular, 
61.6    Cuba an Island, 
1.2  Cumberland how bounded, 
87.1 
The form and air of it, 
87 & 2.3  Whence it took name, 
87.5  Commodities thereof, 
87.4  The ancient Inhabitants, 
87.5  A Kingdom, 
ibid.  Antiquities therein, 
87.6  Towns therein, 
88    Cumri, 
99.2  Custodes. 
See Lieutenants.  Cuthbert Bishop of Lind●ssarne, 
93 
The tutelar Patron of Northern Englishmen against the Scots, 
83.6  A Saint and much adored, 
83.6  His Tomb much visited by Kings in Pilgrimage, 
ibid.      


D  Lord Dalbney or Daubney with Cornish Rebels overthrown upon Black-heath, 
7.10  Danelage, 
5.3  Danish Law, 
4.8  Danmonii, where placed 
 Danewort herb, why so called, 
31.5  Derbyshire how bounded, 
67.1 
The form and dimension of it, 
67.2  The air and soil thereof, 
ibid. 3  The Inhabitants of it in old time, 
67.4  Commodities thereof, 
67 5  What Religious Houses therein, 
67.9  Hundreds & Towns thereof, 
68    Derby Town how named in times past, 
67.6 
All-hallows Steeple there by whom built, 
ibid.  The government and graduation thereof, 
ibid.    Darnii, people of Ireland, 
145.5  David Disciple of Dubricius, uncle to King Arthur Archbishop of Menevia, 
6.6  David 2. King of Scots prisosoner in Nottingham castle, 
65.6  Saint David's City, 
101.7 
A Nursery of holy men, 
ibid.  An archiepiscopal See, 
101.6  The Cathedral Church thereof, 
ibid.,    Saint David Bishop refuteth the Pelagians, 
113.7  Dee River glideth through Pimple mere without mixture, 
117.5  Deemsters in the Isle of Man, 
91.5  Deheubarth, i South Wales, 
110.15  Deirwand, 
81.8  Dela his five sons seated in Ireland, 
137.10  Demetia or Dimetia. i. South-Wales, 
100.15  Demetiae, what Nation, and where planted, 
101.4 & 103.4 
Or Dimetae, 
113.5    Denbigh Town and Castle in North wales, 
99.11 & 119.7  An Earthquake there without harm, 
119.7 
How governed, 
ibid.  The graduation of it, 
ibid.    Denbighshire how limited, 
119.1 
The form and dimension thereof, 
119.2  The air and soil thereof, 
119. & 3.4  By whom inhabited in old time, 
119.5  The Commodities thereof, 
119.6  Hundreds and Townes thereof, 
120    Depopulation in England complained of, 
4.10  Derwent River, 
67.3  Earl of Desmonds' Rebellion suppressed, 
139.9  Himself beheaded by a Soldier, 
ibid.  Deucalidonian sea, 
99.1  Devils arse in the Peake, 
67.8  Devils ditch, 
33.7. & 37.7  Devon-shire name whence derived, 
91.1 
How bounded 
91 1  The dimension thereof, 
19.2  The air and soil of it 
19.3  What Ports and Havens it hath, 
19.4  What commodities it yieldeth, 
19.5  It giveth titles of Duke and Earl, 
19.8  What Religious houses in it, 
19.9  Hundreds & Towns therein, 
20    Diamonds gotten in Cornwall, 
21.7 
In Somerset-shire, 
23.6    Dyffrin Cluid. 
119.6 
The fairest valley within Wales, 
99.11    Divelin or Dublin County destitute of wood, 
141.3  Divelin City the chief in Ireland, why called in Irish Bala Cleigh, 
141.6 
Loyal to the Crown of England. 
141.10  How adorned, 
ibid. 11  How governed, 
ibid.    Divet. i. Pembrokeshire, 
100 17  Division of this whole work or Theatre, 
1.1  A division of England fourfold in Canute his days, 
4.11  Division of England according to jurisdiction archiepiscopal, 
5.4  Dobuni where seated, 
45.4 & 47.4  doomsday book, why so called, 
5.8  Dopnald King of Man tyrannizeth, and flieth into Ireland, 
92.5  Dorchester (by Oxford) an Episcopal See, 
45.4 
Removed to Lincoln, 
6.9  Had archiepiscopal jurisdiction, 
6.8  How seated, 
17.5  The civil government thereof, 
17.5  The graduation of it, 
17.6    Dorcester-shire whence it took name, 
17.1 
How bounded, 
ibid.  The form and measure of it, 
17.2  The air and soil thereof, 
17.3.  By whom possessed in old time, 
17.4  The commodities it yieldeth, 
17.5  What memorable places there, 
17.6  What religious houses, 
17 7.8  What Castles, 
17.9  Divisions, Hundreds and Townes therein, 
18    Dover the Lock and Key to England, 
7.5  Downs in Sussex, 
9.4  Sir Francis Drake compassed the Globe of the earth by Sea, 
19.4  Drax an Abbey, 
77.7  Dropping Well, 
78.11  Dubricius Archbishop of Caerlion, 
6.6  Dunstan, against Priest's marriage, his supposed Stratagem, 
2●. 6  Duwich an Episcopal See, 
339  Durol rivae, 
58.8  Duro sipont. See God-Manchester. 
 Durotriges where seated, 
17.4  Durham Bishopric how bounded, 
83.1 
The form and dimension of it, 
83.2  The air and soil, 
83.3 & 4  The ancient Inhabitants of it, 
83.5  Towns in the Bishopric, 
84  Bishops their Royalties, 
83.6    Durham City a Bishops See, 
Ibid. 
A County Palatine, 
Ibid      


E  Eadesburg, where now the Chamber in the Forest, 
73.7 
King Eadgars' triumph at Chester, 
ibid.    Ealdermen who in times past, 
4.7  East-England, 
4.11  East-Riding how bounded, 
81  East-Riding how seated, 
77.4 
The air, soil, and commodities, 
81.2. & 3  In East-Riding what Hundreds and Townes, 
82    Edel●fleda built Gloucester Church, 
47.7  Edelfleda beneficial to Leicester, 
61.6  Edith a Saint, 
45.7  Edmund Earl of Richmond father to King Henry the seaventh, 
101.7 
His tomb, 
ibid.    Saint Edmunds bury how named in the Saxons time, 
33.6  Saint Edmunds-Bury Abbey and Town praised, 
ibid.  King Edward the second, first of the English Race, Prince of Wales, 
123.6 
Murdered by the means of Isabel his wife, 
47.7  Interred in Glocest. Church, where his Monument remaineth, 
ibid.    Einesbury, alias Arnulphsbury, 
58.10  Elden hole, 
67.8  Eleanor wife to King Edward the first commended, 
63.7  Eleanor widow to King Henry the third becometh a Nun, 
25.9  Elfred (or Alfred) the first that divided his Kingdoms into Shires, 
3 4. & 5 
His noble care in restoring the University of Oxford, 
45 7    Elie, 
37.5  Ella King of Northumberland slain, 
78.9  Elmet, 
78.10  Elmham a Bishops See, 
35.8  Emerill stone found in Garnsey, 
94.6  England on this side Humber how divided into Hides, 
3.3. 
Little England beyond Wales, 
101.4    England shared into Principalities by whom, and to what purpose, 
57.30  Enis-Kelling a strong Fort in Ulster, 
145.9  Eorles, i Earls, 
4.7. & 11  Erdini, people in Ireland, 
145 5  Erminstreet, 
37.7  Essex, why so named, 
31.1 
The form and dimension, 
1.2  How bounded, 
ibid. 3  The air and soil, 
31.4  The ancient Inhabitants, 
31.5  What commodities it yieldeth, 
31.6  What religious houses therein, 
31.9  Hundreds and towns therein, 
32    Excester City whence it named that name, 
19 6 
It was a Dukedom, Marquisate, and Earldom, 
19 8  The description thereof, 
19 6  Her magnificent Cathedral Church by whom built, 
ibid.  The Bishops See, 
ibid.  It withstood the Saxons 465 years, 
ibid.  How valiant against all her Sieges, 
ibid.  What losses it hath felt, 
ibid.  Resisted William Conqueror till the walls fell down, 
ibid.  How loyal to King Edward the sixth, 
ibid.  The Climate thereof, 
ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.  The birthplace of the matchless Poet josephus Isanus, 
ibid.    Exchequer Court first erected, 
5.3  Exmore Monuments in Devon-shire, 
19.7    


F  Falmouth Haven commended 
21.7  Farne Isle how bounded, 
93 
The form, air, soil, and commodities, 
ibid.    Feldon or Felden a part of Warwickshire, 
53.3  Finborow a City, where now the Chamber in the Forest, 
73.7  Fingall King of Man. 
9.2 
Rich. Fitz-Ralph against Mendicant Friars, 
145.9    Flamens and Arch-Flamins, 
6.5 
Their places converted into Bishops Sees, 
ibid.    Flavia Caesariensis, a part of Britain, why so called, 
2.15 
How limited, 
2.16    Fleg, a part of Norfolk, 
35.1  Flemins inhabiting Rosse in Wales, 
101.4  Flintshire how bounded, and of what form, 
121.1 
The dimension, 
ibid. 2  The air and Climate, 
121 3. & 4  The commodities, 
121.5  The ancient Inhabitants, 
121.6  Hundreds and Townes there, 
122    Flint castle by whom founded and finished, 
121.7 
The graduation thereof, 
ibid.    Flodden-field, 
89▪ 10  Foelix, Bishop of Dunwich, 
35.8  A Font of solid brass, 
39.5  Forest both name and thing whence it came, 
57.2 
Forest justice, 
57 ●  Forester's office, 
ibid.    Fotheriaghay Castle and Collegiate Church, 
55.8  Fouldage in Norfolk what it is, 
35.2  Fountain ebbing and slowing, 
85.9  Fountains Abbey, 
77.7  Freshwater Isle, 
15.14  Friburgi, 
57.4    


G  Gallena See Wallingford. 
 Galloglasses what they are, 
138.19  Galloway County how commodious, 
143.4  Galway the third City in Ireland, and an Episcopal See▪ 
143.6  Gangani a people in Ireland, 
143.5  Gaothel with his wife Scota come into Ireland, 
137 11  Garnsay Island how it is situate, 
94.1 
The dimension thereof, 
ibid.  The form of it, 
942.  Sometime called Sarnia, 
94.1  The government, original, and language of the Inhabitants, 
94 5 & 8  Market-towns, Castles, and Parishes therein, 
94 8  No Toad, Snake, or venomous creature there, 
94.3    Order of the Garter, 
27.8  Gateshed, 
89.8  Pierce Gaveston beheaded, 
53.4  Gessrey ap Arthur of Monmouth why so called, 
107.4  Geese where they sail as they sly. 
81.6  Saint German confuteth the Pelagian Heresy, 
77.7 
H● sin●ieth at Oxford, 
45.7    Giants teeth and bones digged up, 
31.8  Giants dance, translated out of Leinster to Salisbury Plain by Merlin, 
141.14  Gildas the old Britain, Student in Oxford, 
45.7  Gilling Monastery, 
79.5  Gisburg Abbey, 
81.8  Glamorgan-shire how limited, 
100.19. & 109.1 
What Cantreves and Commots it hath, 
100 19  The form and measure of i●, 
105.2  The air and soil thereof, 
105.3  The Commodities it standeth upon, 
100L. 3  Castles and religious houses in it, 
105.8  Hundreds, Townes, and memorable places therein, 
106    Glastenbury Abbey first begun by joseph of Arimathea, 
23.9  Gloucestershire how it is bounded, 
47.1 
The dimension of it, 
47.2  The form, air, and soil, 
47.3  The commodities thereof, 
47.3. & 5  By whom in ancient time inhabited, 
47.4  Hundreds and Towns therein, 
48    Gloucester City how called in old time, 
47.6 
A Cathedral See, 
47.7  The graduation of it, 
ibid.  That Dukedom fatal ever to her Dukes, 
47 11    Godiva Earl Leofrikes wife, released Coventry of Tributes by riding naked thorough it, 
53.5  Godmanchester or Gormanchester, 
107.4  Godred the son of Syrricke King of Man, 
92.1 
His death, 
92.2    Godred Crovan warreth upon the Manksmen, 
92.3 
Conquereth the Isle of Man, and is King, 
92.3  Buried in Ila an Island, 
ibid.    Godred son of Olave King of Man, 
92.7 
King of Dublin, 
92.7  He vanquished and slew Osibeley, 
92.7  He tyrannizeth in Man, 
ibid.  Put to slight by Summerled, 
92.7  King of the Isles also, 
92.9  His death, burial and issue, 
ibid.    Godred Don, son of Reginald King of the Islands slain, 
92.10  Goodwin Sands dangerous shelves, 
7.6  Gog-Magog, 
21.1  Gog-Magog hills, 
37.7  Grantbridge, 
37.4  Grantcester an ancient City, 
37.4  Arthur Baron Grey suppresseth Desmonds' Rebellion, 
139.9  Gromebridge in Sussex, 
9.8  Grounds in the Irish Sea what they be, 
141.7  Grounds made fruitful with burning ashes, 
119 4  Guartiger Maur, 
111.5  Gwent a part of South-Wales, now Monmouth-shire, how confined, 
100.20 
How it is divided into Cantreves and Commots, 
ibid.    Guith, i. the Isle of Wight, 
15.7  Guy of Warwick beheadeth Piers of Gaveston, 
53.4  guy-cliff, 
53.7  Guorong the Lieutenant of Kent, 
7.11    


H  Hadrians Wall limiting the Roman Province in England, 
6.9  Hadria● 4. Pope, where borne and his death, 
36.6  Hales Monastery, 
47.11 
Blood of Hales, 
ibid.    Halifa● a great Parish, why so called, 
77.8  Halifas Law, 
ibid.  Haly-werke folk, 
83.6  Hantshire how bordered upon, 
13.1 
The dimension thereof, 
13 2  The air and soil thereof, 
13.3. & 4  What Havens, Creeks and Cas●les it hath, 
13.5  By what people inhabited in old time, 
13.6  What commodities it yieldeth, 
13.8  What Religious Houses, Hundreds and Townes therein, 
13.11    Hardy-Canute his death, 
11.6  Lord ●ohn Harrington Baron of Exton, 
59.5 
His draught of Rutland-shi●●, 
ibid.    Harb●h a great town in Merio●th-shire, 
99.10  Harb●h town & castle, 
117.6 
The position thereof, 
117.7    Harod Godwins son, King of England, vanquisheth Harold Harfager King of Norway, 
92.1  Harold Olaves son King of Man, drowned in a tempest, 
92.12  Havering how it took name, 
31.9  Hawad●n Castle, 
121.7  Hegl●andmen, 
2.12  Heil Saxon Idol, 
17.6  Helb●ks, 
79.3  Hell●ettles, 
83.7  Hel●et of gold digged up in Li●oln-shire, 
63.6  Hen●st beheaded, 
78.10  Hen● Prince of Wales, Duke of cornwall, England's great ho●, 
21.6  Hen● Prince of Scotland ha●y escapeth death at the sie● of Ludlow, 
71.6  He● the 4. Emperor of Amaine buried in Saint W●burgs Church at Cheste● 
73.7  Phillip Herbert first Earl of Motgomery, 
115.5  Her●rd-shire how bounded, 
49.1 
T●e climate of what temperature, 
49.2  Hu●dreds and towns therein, 
50    Heref●rd City and Bishopric, 
49.5 
Th● circuit and graduation thereof, 
ibid.  Th●●ivill Magistracy thereof. 
ibid.    Herbe●t Losinga B. of Norwi● what Churches and Monasteries he built, 
35.8  Herefordshire how bounded, 
39.1 
The form and dimension of it, 
ibid.  The air, soil, and commodities, 
39.3  The ancient Inhabitants, 
39.4  H●●dreds and Towns, ●erein, 
40    Her●rd town, 
39.6  The graduation thereof, 
49.8  Hib●ia, whence it took man, 
138.12  Hidosland what it signifieth, 
3.3. & 57.3.  Hig●andmen, natural Scots, 
11.4. See Heghlandmen.  Hill●ie Isle, 
9●. 8  Sain● Hilda his miracle, 
81.6  Himinbrooke Nuunery, 
57.6  Histricall Tome of this Vorke, 
1.1  Hobies Irish in Leinster, 
141.5  Ho Island. See Lindisferne. 
 Ho well. See Winifrids well. 
 Ho cross in Tipperary within Monster, 
139.11  Hound a third part of Linc●n-shire, 
63.10  Hlanders fishing by licence ●on the North-East coasts England, 
81.3  H●ry Holland his high descent and calamity, 
19.8  H● Castle in Bromfield, 
100 12  Horse Muscles full of good earl, 
132.15  Horse-shoe in the Shire-Hall at Oak●ham, 
59.7  ●orsa slain in battle, 
7.11 
At Horsted his Monument, 
ibid.    ●orton. See Halifax. 
 hospital at Leicester with a Collegiate Church built, 
61.6  Charles Howard defeated the the Spanish Armada at Sea, 
19.4  Hubblestone in Devon-shire whence it took name, 
19.7  Humber as arm of the Sea, 
79.3  Hundreds what they are 
3.4  Hunting●on-shire how it is bounded, 
57.1 
How divided, 
57.3  What manner of jurisdiction therein at first, 
57.4  Hundreds, towns, and memorable places therein, 
58 10    Huntingdon town why so named, and how seated, 
57.5 
Their Common-seale, 
ibid.  Their Priory of Black-Canon, 
ibid.  The Castle, 
ibid.  The River there sometime Navigable, 
57.6    Hurls in Cornwall what they be, 
21.9    


I  Iames●he ●he fourth King of Scots slain, 
89 10.  james 5. King of Scots dyeth for grief of heart, 
87.5  Iceni, ●hat people, and where seated, 
33.4. & 35.3  Icat or black Amber, 
81.6  jersey Island how seated, 
94 
The form and dimension of it, 
94.2.  The air and soil, 
94.3.4  Stockings there made, 
94.4  The original and language of the Inhabitants, 
94.5  The Commodities, 
94.6  How governed, 
94.7    An Island floating, 
132.15.  Ilchester in Somerset-shire, 
23.10  Kingdom of the Islands divided, 
92.17  johannes de sacro Bosco borne at Halifax, 
77.8  King john his Monument and Portraiture. 
51.5  Saint john's Tomb in Scotland, 
132.6  jona, i Columkil, 
132.18  josephus of Exeter (or Iscanus) his praise, 
19.6  Ipswich commended, 
33.6 
The dimension and site of Ipswich, 
ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.    Ireland how divided into Provinces and Countries, 
135 
What names it hath, 
137▪ 1  The name whence derived, 
137.2  The most Western Island, 
137.2  Why called the holy Island, 
137.3  Thought to be Ogygia in Plutarch, 
137.3  Called also Scotia, 
ibid.  The third Island for bigness in the known world, 
137.4  When and how it received Christianity, 
135.22  Christianity there much decayed, 
139.8  Ireland of what form it is 
137.4  How bounded, 
ibid.  The air and temperature, 
137.5  The soil, 
137.6  The Commodities, 
137.7  The ancient and original Inhabitants, 
137.8  By whom divided into five Provinces, 
138.12.  Called little Britain, 
ibid.    irishmen's Cottages in Anglesey, 
125 
The manners & customs of the Irish in old time, 
138.14  The manner of Baptising, 
138.15  Their Children how nurced, 
ibid.  Their fantastical conceits, 
138.16    Addicted much to Witchcraft, 
ibid. 
Their Idolatry, 
ibid.  Their attire, 
138.18  They forsake their wives at their pleasure, 
145.8  Their manner of War, 
138.19  Their mourning for the dead, 
138.20    Irish BB. Consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, 
145.8  Isca Silurum, i. Caerlion, 
107.4  Ithancester. See St Peter upon the wall, 
ibid.  S. Ivo a Persian Bishop, 
15.7  S. Ivoes Priory, a Cell to Ramsey Abbey, 
ibid.    


K  Katherine Dowager of Spain● where interred, 
55.7  Keys of the Isle of Man, 
91.5  Kendale or Candale whence it taketh name, 
85.4  Kendale Town, 
85.7 
How governed, 
ibid.  Graduation of it,, 
ibid.    Kendale Earls, 
85.7  Kent, how it is bounded, 
7.1. 
The length, breadth, and circumference of it, 
ibid.  The form, site, and position of it, 
7.2.3  The soil and Commodities, 
7.4  Rivers navigable therein, 
7 5  Kent unconquered, 
7.7  Receiveth Christianity first in this Isle, 
ibid.  Troubled with civil dissensions, 
7.10  How governed, 
7.11  Made a Kingdom, 
ibid.  Made an Earldom, 
ibid.  Earls thereof with the Arms of their several families, 
ibid.  How divided into Hundreds and Parishes, 
7.8    Kesteven a third part of Lincolne-shire, 
63.10  Kildare adorned with an Episcopal See, 
141.8  Kilkenny a fair Burrough-town in Leinster, 
141.8  Kimbolton Manor, 
58.9  Kings-delfe. See Swords-delfe. 
 Kingston upon Hull, 
81 4 
When built, 
ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.    The graduation of it, 
ibid.  Kirkstall Monastery, 
77.7 
Kirkstall battle, 
78.10    Knights-fees how many in England in William the conquerors days, 
4.10  Knocktoe battle, 
143.7    


L  Henry Lacie Earl of Lincoln, his only son drowned in a Well, 
119.7  Lactorodum. See Stonystratford, 
 Laford, i Lord, what it importeth, 
47  Lagetium. See Casterford. 
 Lagman King of Man, 
92.4 
He taketh the badge of the Cross of jerusalem, 
92.4  In his journey dieth, 
ibid.  His cruelty to his brother Harold. 
92.4    Lambeth commended, 
11.7  Lamp burning many ages, 
78.11  Llanbadarn vaur an Episcopal See, 
113.7 
Lancaster County Palatine, 
7●. 1  How confined, 
ibid.  The form and dimension of it, 
75.2  The soil and commodities thereof, 
75.4  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
76  By whom anciently inhabited, 
75.5    Lancaster Town, 
75.6 
The position of it, 
ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.    Lancaster House and York conjoined, 
75.9  Lancastrians put to flight, 
78.10  Llandaff city how sited, 
105.5 
An Episcopal See, 
ibid.    Llandevi breve, why so called, 
113.7  Langley in Hertford-shire. 
39.6  Lath what it is, 
4.6  Laws, i great stones, 
89.13  Laws of three sorts in England, 
4.8. & 5.3.  Law-troubles none in the Isle of Man, 
91.5.  Law's ought to be written and certain, 
5.3  Lawland men, 
2.12  Lavatrae. See Levatre, 
 Saint Laurence Island, 
1.2  Lead-Mines in Derbyshire, 
67.5  Lead-blacke in Cumberland, 
87.4  Leet whence it took name, 
4.6  Legeolium. See Casterford. 
 Leicester-shire how bounded, 
61.1 
The Commodities and air thereof, 
61.2. & 3  What Religious Houses therein, 
61.8  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
62  By whom inhabited in old time, 
61.4    Leicester City or Town the Centre of the Shire, 
61.5 
The position of it, 
ibid.  What names it had beside, 
61.1  An Episcopal See, 
ibid.  Built long before Christ's Nativity, 
ibid.  Well traded, and as well walled in times past, 
ibid.  The graduation thereof, 
61 5  Destruction thereof, 
61.6    Leinster Province in Ireland, how called, 
141.1 
How bounded, 
ibid.  The form and dimension thereof, 
141.2  The air, soil, and Commodities, 
141.3. & 5  By whom inhabited in old time, 
141.4  Religious Houses therein, 
141.14  Irish therein mischievous one to another, 
141.2  Countries and Towns therein, 
142  Lonn or Linn an ancient Borough, 
35.6  Made a Corporation, 
ibid.    Lenn Episcopi, 
35.6  Lenn Regis, 
ibid.  Laeth what it is, 
4.6  Lettustan Hundred in Huntingdon-shire, 
58.9  Letrim County, plentiful of grass, 
143.4  Levatrae. See Bowes. 
 Lewes' Battle in Sussex, 
9.7  Llewellin Prince of Wales, where slain and beheaded, 
111.5  Lichfield City, why so called, 
69.8  Lichfield Arms, 
ibid. 
An archiepiscopal See. 
ibid. 6.8  What Bishops subject to it, 
6.8  The Minster built and new reared by whom, 
ibid.    Limericke the principal City in Monster, 
139.6 
An Episcopal See. 
ibid.  By whom possessed, 
ibid.  Fortified by whom, 
ibid.  The position thereof, 
ibid.  Lieutenant in every County called Custos or Earl, 
4.11  Lin. See Lenn. 
   Lincolnshire, how bounded, 
63.1 
The dimension and air of it, 
63.2  Form thereof, 
63.4  Full of Fish and Fowl, 
63.5  Other commodities thereof, 
63.6  Hundreds, Wapentakes, and Towns therein, 
64  Lincoln City what names it hath, 
63.8  How ancient and populous, 
ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.  The position and situation of it, 
ibid.  Full of Religious Houses, 
63.9  How divided, 
63.10  Lindisfarne Island, why called the Holy Island, 
93.1  How it is situate, 
ibid.  The form and dimension thereof, 
93.2  The Air and soil of it, 
93.3. & 4  In it an Episcopal See, 
93.6    Lindsey a third part of Lincoln shire. 
63.10  Llinsavathan a strange Mere near to Brecknock town. 
109.4 
Supposed to be Loventrium, 
ibid.  Liquorice growing at Workesop, 
65.4.  Lithancraces, 
89.6    Little- Chester in Derbyshire, a Colony of Romans, 
67.6  Loadstone in Devon-shire, 
195  Longovicum. See Lancaster. 
 Loughburrough, 
61.7  Lough-Lomund, in Scotland, most raging in calmest weather, 
132.15.  Lhoyger, i. England, how it is bounded, 
99.1  Luceni, ancient people in Ireland, where planted, 
139 4  Lutterworth, 
61.7  London, what names it had, 
29.7 
Walled by Constantine, the great, 
ibid.  London-stone, a Mile-mark, 
ibid.  Church's therein, 
ibid.  Wards thereof, 
ibid.    How governed, 
ibid.  An Archbishops See, 
6.5  Made subject to Canterbury, 
ibid.  In what graduation, 
29 8  London-Bridge. 
ibid.    


M  Madagascar an Island, 
12  Madning-Money whence so called, 
41.8  Magi. See Radnor Town, 
111.6  Magintum, now Dunstable, a Roman Station, 
41.4  Magnus son of Olave, King of Man, 
92.14 
His death and burial, 
92 15    Maiatae, 
2.12  Maiden Castle near Dorcester, 
17.5  Maiden Castle. 
79.7  Mainamber, a strange rock, 
21.9  Maio County what Commodities it yieldeth 
143 4  Malden in Essex the byall seat of King Kunobelin 
31 8  Malmesburie Monast●e whence it took name 
25 8  William of Malmesburi● Chronicler, 
abide.  Malverne hills, and the amirable ditch there, 
1.6  Man Isle granted to Fury Percy Earl of Northunerland, 
9●7. 
Granted to the Stanlei and Earls of Derby, 
I●id.  What names it hath, 
91 1  How bounded, 
●●id.  The form and dimension, 
9.2  The air, 
9.3  The soil, 
9.4  The Commodities, 
94 & 5  How it is fortified, 
ibid.  The Inhabitants Religious 
9●6  Malefactors there how excuted, 
ib●●.  Castles, Towns, Parish, and Villages there, 
9 ●  Chronicles of the Isle, 
9    Manchester in Lanca-shire 
75. ●  Mancunium. See Manchester. 
 Manures where they inhabited, 
13. ●  March Cross upon Stanemoore, 
6. 1●  March stone-Crosse upon Frith-bridge, 
6 ●  March, what Country, 
9●  Markeley Hill removed, 
4●●  Marquesite stones where found, 
81.6  Marsland, part of Norfolk 
35.2  Mary Queen of Scotland where interred, 
55.7  Mathravall, i. Powis land, 
99 ●2  Maudbury a Trench, 
17.5  Meden and Medena, 
15.7  Medway, a famous River in Kent, 
7 5  Melburne in Derbyshire famous for the Captiv●tie of john Duke of Burbo●, 
67 7  Melitus Bishop of London, 
6 5  Men●pii people of Ireland, 
141.4  Menevia an Archbishops See, 
6.6 
Called now Saint david's, 
ibid.  What Suffragan Bishops it had, 
ibid.  Made subject to Canterbury, 
ibid.    Merchenlage, 
5.3  Merchet of Women, 
132 18  Mercia, 
4.11  Mercian Law, 
48  Merioneth-shire how ●ounded, 
99.10. & 117.1 
Cantreves and Commots therein, 
99.10  The form, air, and soil of it, 
117.2  Full of spired and clustered hills, 
117.2  Hundreds and Towns in it, 
118  Merlin Silvester a Wizard, 
193.6  Borne in Caermarden, 
Ibid.  His Prophecy of the Welshman's subjection, 
107 4    Merton in Surrey where King Kenulphe died, 
11.6  Metheglin, what drink, 
121 5  metropolitans in England two, 
5.4 
In ancient time three, 
6 5    Mice in Essex spoil cattle and grass, 
3.6  Saint Michael in the ●ale, 
94 7  Michael joseph overthrown upon black-heath, 
7 10  Middlesex why so called, and how it is bounded, 
29 1 
The measure of it, 
29.2  The form, air, and soil thereof, 
29.3  The situation of it, 
29.4  What ancient Inhabitants, 
29 5  Hundreds and Townes, 
30    Middleton Monastery built in Dorset shire, 
17.7  Milesius his four son come into Ireland, 
138.11  Milford haven, 
101.5  Milfrid a petty King b●lt Hereford Cathedral Church, 
49 5  Millstones and Grin●-stones in Anglesey, 
125  Mindip-hills in Summ●rset-shire, 
23.6 
Why so called, 
ibid.    Minyd Morgan Mon●ment, 
●05. 8  Moillenlly hill, 
19.6  Mon, i. Anglesey, 
99.7  Mon, Man, Cy, what i● signifieth, 
125  Mona Caesaris, i. the ●●e of Man. See Map of M●n. 
 Monks swarmed in Es●●x, 
31 9  Monmouthshire part of ●ales, now laid to England, 
100 2 
How it is bound, 
107 1    The form, air and 〈◊〉 of it, 
107. & 3 
By whom inhabited i● old time, 
●07 4  Hundreds, Townes, a●d Rivers, therein, 
108    Monmouth Town whereof it took name, 
107.1 
Their Castle the Birthplace of King Henry th● fifth, 
107.4  The Town how sea●ed, 
Ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.  The position thereof, 
ibid.  Religious houses therein, 
Ibid.    William Montacute Earl of Salisbury wrestet● Man-Isle out of the Scots hand, 
92.17 
Selleth it and the Crown thereof to William Scroop, 
ibid.    Montgomery-shire how bounded, 
115.1 
The form and soil of it, 
115.2  Their horses, 
115.4  Ancient Inhabitants, 
115.5    Mountgomery town and Castle, 
115.5 
The position of it, 
ibid.  It giveth title of an Earldom, 
ibid.  Hundreds and Townes there, 
116    Moors in Westmoreland, 
85 4  Mortimers hole, 
65.6  Motingham in Kent, where the ground sunk, 
7.6  Monster, what names it beareth, 
139.1 
How it is bounded, 
ibid.  The dimension thereof, 
139 2  The form, air and soil, 
139.3  How divided, 
139.4 & 11  West-Mounster and South-Mounster how in old time inhabited, 
139.4  The Commodities of Monster, 
139.5    Monster addicted to superstitious vanities, 
139.8 
Much wasted by Rebellions, 
139.9  Visited with sundry calamities of dearth, 
139 10  What Religious places there, 
139.11  How governed, 
ibid.    Murchard O Brien King of Ireland, 
92.2  Mussold or Mossewold heath 
35.5    


N  Nagnatae what people in Ireland, 
143.5  Needles, certain Rocks, 
15 9  Nemethus and his four sons arrive in Ireland, 
137 9  Saint Neotus, a Monk of Glastenbury, 
58.10  Saint Neots or Needs Priory, 
58.10  Nessa a Lough in Scotland never freezeth in Winter, 
132 15  Nevils Cross battle, In the Map of Durham Bishopric. 
 Newcastle upon Tine, 
89.7. 
Whence so named, 
89.8  Called Monke-chester, 
89 7  A County and Corporation of itself, 
89.8  The graduation thereof, 
ibid.    New-forrest in Hantshire fatal to William the Conqueror his Progeny, 
13.7  New-Market-heath, 
37.7  Newnham Regis medicinable waters, 
53  Newport in the Isle of Wight, 
15.7 
Made a Corporation, and Maior-towne 
ibid.    Ninian converted the South-Picts to Christianity, 
132 13  Normans-Crosse Hundred in Huntingdon-shire whence it took name, 
58.8  Northamptonshire, how bounded, 
55.1 
The form and dimension thereof, 
55.2  By whom inhabited in old time, 
55.4  The commodities of it, 
55 5  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
56    Northampton Town described, 
55.6 
The dimension thereof, 
ibid.  How governed, 
ibid.    Norfolk an Island, 
35.1 
How bounded and of what form, 
ibid.  The measure and name, 
ibid.  The position, soil, and air, 
ibid.  Commodities thereof, 
35 2. & 8  Commodious Rivers there, 
35.3  Families of Gentlemen there, and their loyalty, 
35.3  How Norfolk is governed, 
ibid.  By whom inhabited in old time, 
ibid.  Replenished with Churches and Monasteries, 
35 3  The first Earl of Norfolk, 
35.4  Hundreds and Towns in Norfolk, 
36    North-Riding in Yorkshire, how it lieth, 
77.4 
How bounded, 
81.1  The air, soil, and commodities, 
81.2. & 3  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
82    Northumbre, 
4.11  Northumberland how it is bounded, 
89.1 
The form, air, and soil of it, 
89.2. & 3. & 4  The ancient inhabitants, 
89 5  The Commodities thereof, 
89.6  Battles there, 
89.10  Antiquities there, 
89.12  Towns & Parishes therein, 
90    North-Wales how bounded, 
99.6 
Divided into four parts, 
99 7  What Shires it containeth, 
115.5    Norwich whence so called, 
35.5 
How afflicted with Pestilence and other calamities, 
ibid.  A Bishops See, 
35.8    Nottinghamshire why so named, 
65.1. 
How bounded, 
ibid.  The form and dimension thereof, 
65.2  The air and commodities, 
65.3  Hundreds, Wapentakes, and Towns therein, 
66    Nottingham town commended, 
65.6 
How governed, 
65.7  The position thereof, 
ibid.      


O  Oaten bread, 
91.4  Odiam Castle in Hantshire, of what strength, 
13.5  Offaes' dike, 
3.2 
How it runneth, 
99.3 & 111.6    Offchurch, the Palace of King Offa, 
53.7  Oysters of Essex the best, 
31 6  Oister-hills in Hertford shire, 
39.7  Okam, where borne, 
11.7  Okham alias Oukham Royalty, 
59.5 
The seat in times passed of the Ferrars, 
59.7    Okham or Oukham Castle, 
59 9  Okenyate, 
71.9  Olave son of Godred Crovan King of Ireland, 
92.6 
His wife, concubines, and issue, 
ibid.    Olave the second King of Man, 
92.10 
King of the Isles, 
ibid.  His death and burial, 
ibid.    Ordovices a puissant Nation, 
115.5  Where planted, 
71.5 & 115.5. & 117.4. & 119.5. & 121.6. & 123.5. & 125.  Orewood a weed of the Sea, 
21.3  Orkenary Islands how many, 
132.20 
By whom discovered and subdued, 
132.21  How they descended to the Kings of Scotland, 
132 21    Osbright King of Northumberland slain, 
178.9  Oswestry Lordship, 
100.12  Otho Bishop of Bareux, first 〈◊〉 of Kent, 
7.11  〈…〉 where 〈◊〉 
89.5  Otter●●●●e battle, 
89.12  Ounsb●ry hill foreshoweth 〈◊〉 and rain, 
181  Ou●● River greater and less, 
35.3.  〈◊〉 in Hertford-shire stayeth h●s course, 
41.5  ●wen Glendower his rebellion and death, 
117.4  Oxford and Oxford-shire whence so named, 
45.1 
How bounded, 
ibid.  The air and soil, 
45.2  Rivers thereof, 
ibid.  The dimension of it, 
45 3  The ancient inhabitants, 
45 4  Hundreds and Parishes there, 
46    Oxford how ancient an Academy, 
45.7 
The prerogative thereof, by general Council, 
ibid.  The second school of Christendom, and pillar of the Church, 
ibid.  The general University for all England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. 
 In Oxford thirty thousand Students, 
45.7  An Episcopal See, 
ibid.  The site of it, 
45.8    Oxgauge what it is, 
57.3    


P  Palladius, Apostle to the Scots, 
132.13  Palme-Sunday Battle, 
78 10  Parishes in England divided by Honorius Archbishop of Canterbury, 
5.4 
In England how many 
ibid.  How many in the conquerors time, 
4.10    Passerumurbs, See Circester. 
 Patrick, the first Apostle for Ireland, 
158.22 
His life, 
138.23  His Purgatory, 
145 7  Where he lived, died, and was buried, 
145.9  Strife about his Sepulchre, 
13●. 22    Paulinus Archbishop of York baptised in one day ten thousand, 
79 6  Peaceable and safe travelling over all England in King Elfreds' days, 
3.4  Pembrokeshire how limited, 
107. & 101.1 
What Townes, Cantreves, and Commots therein, 
101.2  How near it is adjoining to Ireland, 
101.3  The ancient Inhabitants, 
101.4  The Commodities thereof, 
101.5  What Religious houses dissolved, 
101.8  Castles therein, 
ibid.  Hundreds and Townes there, 
102    Pembroke Town, 
100.17 
The site of Pembroke, 
ibid.    Pearls in Cumberland, 
87.4 
Engendered in Caernarvonshire, 
123.5    Perry a drink in Worcester-shire, 
51.3  Perth. See Saint john's Town. 
 Saint Peter in Cornhill an Arch-Bishops Cathedral Church, 
6.5. & 29.7  Saint Peter's Port, 
94  Saint Peter upon the wall, 
31.8  Peter-house in Cambridge built, 
37.4  Peterborow Town and Monastery, 
55.7  Peterborow the Cathedral Church, 
ibid.  Pichford famous for a Well of Bitumen, 
71.9  Picts Wall, 
3.2 
It was the Romans only Partition Northward, 
ibid.    Picts the inborn and natural Britain's, 
131.4 
Why so called, 
ibid.    Pimble-Mere in Merioneth-shire of what nature it is, 
117.5  Plaster of Lincolnshire harder than that of Paris, 
65.4  Plantius first Roman Perfect in Britain, 
2  Plymouth famous wherefore, 
19.4  Plimlimmon Hill, 
113.3  Ploughland what it is, 
57 3  Pomona an Island of the Orcadeses, an Episcopal See, 
132.20 
What commodities it yieldeth, 
ibid.    Pontfret plentiful of Liquorice and Skirworts 
78 8  Port, the Saxon, 
17.4  Port-land in Dorsetshire, 
ibid.  Portgreeves, 
4.7  Pondbery a Trench, 
17.5  Powis-land how divided, 
99 12  Powis Vadoc, 
ibid.  Powis between Wye and Severne, 
100.13  Powis Wenwinwyn, 
100 14  Powis Vadoc what Cantreves and Commots it hath, 
100 12  Powis between Wye and S●verne what Towns and Castles it hath, 
100 13  Powis Wenwinwyn what towns Cantreves and Commots it hath, 
100 14  Prestaine a Town of Commerce in Radnor-shire, 
111 6  Process and pleading in the French tongue, 
5.3    


R  Radnor-shire how it bordereth, 
111.1 
The form and circuit of it, 
111.2  The air and soil thereof, 
111.3 & 4  The ancient Inhabitants, 
111.5  Rivers there, 
111.7  Hundreds, Townes, etc. there, 
102    Radnor Town the seat and graduation thereof, 
111 6  Radulph Earl of Norfolk, 
35.5  Ramsey Abbey, 
57.6 
Called Ramsey the rich and why, 
ibid.    Reading alias Redding in Bark-shire, beautified with an Abbey by King Henry the first, 
27.6 
The Castle razed by King Henry the second, 
ibid.  The graduation of it, 
Ibid.    Reafen the Danes banner, 
19 7  Redhorse Vale, 
53.8  Redmore, where King Richard the third was slain, 
61 7  Regni, what people, and where seated, 
9.5 & 11.4  Reignald son of Olave, usurpeth the Kingdom of Man, 
92.9 
Deprived of his eyes and genitories by his brother Godred, 
ibid.    Reignald son of Godred King of Man. 
92.9 
Slain, 
ibid.  His body where interred, 
92.9    Reignald or Reignald the second, son of Olave, King of Man, 
92.13 
Slain by Yvas, 
ibid.  His burial, 
ibid.    Repandunum. 
See R●pton.  Repton, 
67.7  Rerecrosse or Rey-Crosse upon Stanemore, 
6.10  Restitutus Bishop of London in Constantine the great his time, 
29.7  Ribble-Chester, ancient and sometime very rich, 
75 6  Richard Lord Archbishop of Canterbury commended, 
11 7  Richard Earl of Cambridge beheaded at Southampton, 
13.1  Richard Earl of Cornwall enriched by Tin-mines in Cornwall, 
21.3  King Richard the third slain and buried, 
61.6  King Richard the second taken prisoner by Henry of Bullingbrooke, 
121.7  Richmond, chief Town of North-Riding, 
79.4 
How employed, 
ibid.  By whom built and so named, 
79.6  How governed, 
ibid.  The position thereof, 
ibid.    Ringwood in Hantshire whence so named, 
13.6  Riplay the Alchemist, 
11 7  Robogdii people in Ireland, 
145.5  Rochester, by whom built, 
7.9  Roderick the great King of Wales, 
99.5 
His division thereof, 
ibid.    Rollericke stones, 
43 5  Rosamund Clifford poisoned by Queen Eleanor, King Henry the second his wife, 
45.8  Roscaman a commodious Territory in Connought, 
143 4  Rugemont Castle, a King's Palace, 
19.6  Saint Rumalds Well, 
43.5  Ruthlan Town and Castle in North-Wales, 
99.11  Rutland-shire how bounded, 
59.1 
Why so named, 
59.2  The form of it, 
ibid.  The dimension thereof, 
59.3  The air and soil, 
59.4 & 5  The commodities it yieldeth, 
ibid.  The ancient Inhabitants, and possessors thereof, 
59.6. & 7  Hundreds and Parishes therein, 
60      


S  Sabbath day Market, 
111 6  Saffran a Commodity of Essex: 
31.6  Salisbury plain, 
25.4  Salisbury City, 
25.7 
The Cathedral Church, 
ibid.  Earls thereof, 
ibid.  The situation there, 
25 8  Old Salisbury, 
25.8    Salmon great and plentiful in Scotland, 
103.5 & 132.14  Salmon leap, 
113.3 & 145.9  Salt, how made in Lancashire, 
75.7  Salt coming from stones, 
83.8  Saltry judeth why so called, 
52.8  Saltry Monastery, 
ibid.  Sand a part of Nottinghamshire. 
65.7  Sangue lac in Sussex, 
9.7  Sarnia. See Garnsey, 
 Saxons Heptarchy whence it first began, 
3.1 
The seven several Kingdoms how named, 
3.1  The Heptarchies Northern limit, 
3.2    Saxons states severally how at first divided in England, 
3 3  Saxons government in England how long it continued, 
4.11  Saxons first seven Kings Pagan, 
4.12  Saxons first seven Kings Christian, 
ibid.  Sceafull Mountain in the Isle of Man, 
91.7  Scope of the Author in this Work or Theatre, 
1.1  Scotland how bounded, 
99.1 & 131.4 
How divided, 
129  The form of it, 
131.2  The Commodities thereof, 
ibid. & 131.14  The feature and nature of The Scots, 
ibid.    Scotland adorned with three Universities, 
ibid. 
The position of Scotland, 
131.9    Scotland how divided into Countries or Sheriffedoms, Stewardships, and Bailiwickes', 
191.10 
In Scotland Archbishops Metropolitan, 
2. & 132.11    Scots Southern of one original with the English, 
131 4  Scots natural whence descended and named, 
131 5  Scots vanquish the Picts, and raise their name, 
131 8  Scythians come into Spain, 
138.7  Sea-coals, 
89.6  A Seaman taken, 
33.7  Sea-sand making the soil fruitful, 
21.3  Seffrid Bishop reedefied Chichester Cathedral Church, 
9.6  Segontium, now Caernarvon, 
123.6  Segontians where they inhabited, 
13.6  Selby the birthplace of King Henry the first, 
63.7  Selby Abbey, 
77.7  Selonae, now Sandie, 
41.4  Sessions four times in the year ordained, 
5.3  Severne a noble River, 
47 3. 
The head thereof, 
115.2  Whence it took name, 
115.3    Severus the Emperor died at York, 
ibid. 
The manner of his funeral, 
ibid.    Sexwolfe Bishop of Leicester, 
61.6  Shaftesbury, 
6  Sheriffs whence they came, 
4.6  Shatland Isle, 
132.22  Shirburne a Bishops See, 
17 7 
Translated to Salisbury, 
27 8    Shire whence it cometh, 
3 4  Shires how many in England at sundry times, 
4.8 & 9  Shrewsbury chief Town of Shrop-shire, 
71.8 
The building, site, trade, and strength thereof, 
71 8  How governed, 
ibid.    Shrop-shire how limited, 
71 1 
The form, soil, and air thereof, 
71.2.3.4  Castles 32. therein, 
71  Hundreds and towns thereof, 
72    Sicicle why so called, 
15.1  Sidre in Garnsey what drink, 
94.4  Sigebert King of South-Saxons skin, 
9.4  Silcester, sometimes Caer-Segonte, 
13.6 
How ancient, 
13.10  Destroyed, 
13.10    Silures where they inhabited, 
47.4. & 493. & 107.4 & 109 4. & 111.5 
Described, 
49.3  Their valour, 
ibid. 63.7  Subdued by Vespasian, 
49 3    Simon a Monk of Swinstead poisoneth King john. 
 Sisters three, what Rivers in Leinster, 
141.6  Slege County in Ireland what Commodities it yieldeth, 
143.4  Smyris. See Emeryll. 
 Snowd●n Hill, 
123.4  Soland Geese their use, 
132.14  Solemne-Mosse field, 
87.5  Somerset-shire how bounded, 
23.1 
Whence it took name, 
ibid.  The form and dimension of it, 
23.2  The air and soil, 
23, 3 & 4  The ancient Inhabitants, 
23.5  The profit it affordeth, 
23 6  Memorable for sundry Events, 
23.8  Religious houses, 
23 9  Hundreds and Townes thereof, 
24    Somersham annexed to the Crown, 
57.7  Southampton described, 
13.10  South-Wales divided into six parts, 
100.16  Spring of Salt-water at Leamington in Warwickshire, 
53.7  Springs that ebb and flow, 
78.11  Stafford shire how bounded, 
69.1 
The form and dimension of it, 
69.2  By whom anciently inhabited, 
69.5  Commodities thereof, 
69.6  What houses of Religion it had, 
69.9  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
70    Stafford Town described, 
69.7 
How governed, 
Ibid.  The site or positure of it, 
Ibid.    Sir Hubert Saint Clare his death to save King Henry the second, 
7.6  Stamford sometime an University, 
59.8  Stamford bridge Battle, 
92.1  Stanneries or Stanniers, 
21.3  Stibium in Derbyshire g●tten, 
67.5  Stock-Chappell in Norfolk why so called, 
35.8  Stockfish gainful to Kingston men upon Hull, 
81.4  Stones like Serpents, 
81.6  Stony Serpents found within round stones, 
81.6  Stoney-Stredford, 
4.3 6 
The Cross there, 
Ibid.    Stones resembling Shell-fish, 
47.10  Stoneheng● described in the Map of Wilt-shire. 
 Stoneley Priory in Huntingdon-shire, 
58.9  Suffolk how bounded, 
33.1 
The air thereof, 
33.2  The form of it, 
Ibid.  The dimension thereof, 
33.3  By whom possessed in old time, 
33, 4  What Commodities it yieldeth, 
33.5  How divided, 
33.9  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
34    Sumatra thought to be the Isle Taprobana, 
1.2  Summerled, Prince of Herergaidel slain, 
92.6.8  Sunning, an Episcopal See, translated to Shirburne, 
27.8  Surrey or Suthrey how it is bounded, 
11.1. 
Whence it took name, 
11.4  The form of it, 
11.2  The length thereof, 
Ibid.  The breadth of it, 
Ibid.  The circumference thereof, 
ibid.  By whom inhabited in old time, 
11.4  Principal places in it, 
11.5 & 6.8  The graduation of it, 
11.6  Religious Houses in it, 
11.9  What Castles are in it, 
11.10  How divided, 
ibid.  Hundreds and Towns in it, 
12    Sussex what memorable places it hath, 
9.8 
What commodities it yieldeth, 
9.9  Religious Houses built and suppressed, 
9.10  How bounded, 
9.1  How divided, 
9.10  Rapes, hundreds, & towns in it, 
10  Why so named, 
9.1  The form of it, 
9.2  The length thereof, 
Ibid.  The breadth thereof, 
Ibid.  The air of it, 
9.3  Havens in it uncertain and dangerous, 
9.3  Nature of the soil, 
9.4.  Small River, 
79.3  Small dale, 
ibid.  Sword's Delfe why so called, 
58.8  Synod at Colne about Priest's Marriage, 
25.6      


T  Tamar River boundeth the Britain's, by King Athelstanes device, 
3.2  Tameworth, sometimes the Mercian Kings Courts, 
69.5  Taprobane the greatest Island, 
137.4  Tave-River, 
105.3  Teigne-Mouth the landing place of the Danes, at their first Invasion, 
19 4  Saint Telean Bishop of Llandaffe, 
105▪ 2  Temple to God Terminus, 
132.11  Tetnall, alias Theotnall, what it signifieth, 
69 5  Teukesbury Field fatal to the Lancastrians, 
47.10  Thane or Thean, 
4.7 
Under- Thean, 
ibid.    Theodore a Grecian, Bishop of Canterbury, 
7.8  Theon first Archbishop of London. 
6.5  Thetforl a Bishops See. 
 Thrihings and Thrihingreves, 
4.6  Thule where it is seated, 
132 22  Thule. See Shetland. 
 Sr. Richard Thumbleby Knight where buried, 
117 6  Thurle-head●, Fishes of the Sea, coming to Land in Munster, 
132.10  Tinne-Mines in Cornwall, 
21.3 
Tinne-Lawes therein, 
Ibid.  Tinne-Workes in it, 
Ibid.    Earl of Tyrone his rebellion extinguished, 
139.9  Tithings what they be, 
3 4.6  Tithing-man or Borsholder, 
3.6  Titus grasped by an Adder, without any harm, 
13.6.  Torcoch a rare fish, 
123.7.  Totnesse the landing place of supposed Brute, 
19.4  Toulesland Hundred in Huntingdon-shire, 
58.10.  Towns of Britain were Woods, etc. 
58.9  Towns how many in England in William the Conqueror his time, 
4 10  Trees floating in Bagmere, 
73.9  Trinobantes what people, and where they inhabited, 
29.5 & 31.5 & 39.4  Turkill the Dane, Earl of the East-Angles. 
58.8  Twomon● or County Clare conveniently seated, 
143 4    


V  Valentia, a part of Britain, why so called, 
2.15 
How limited, 
●. 16    Vel●●●●, ancient people in Ireland, where placed, 
139 4  Venedotia, i. North-Wales. 
 Venta Belgarum, i. Winchester, 
13.9  Venta Icenorum, i. Castor, 
35 5  Venta Silurum, i. Monmouth, 
107.4  Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, marquis of Dublin, and Duke of Ireland, 
45 5  Verolanium or Verolamium in Hertford-shire. 
39.5.  Sacked by Queen Boduo, 
39 5  Verterae, a place in Westmoreland, 
85.8  Vffines whence so called, 
35 3  Vidoms what they were, 
4 6  Saint Vincents Rock, 
23.6  Virgata, or Yardland, what it is, 
57.3  Ulster Province how bounded, 
145.1 
The form thereof, 
145 2  The dimension of it, 
Ibid.  The air of it, 
145.3  The soil and commodities hereof, 
145.4  By whom possessed in old time, 
145 5.6  Their ancient custom of making a King, 
145.6  Religious houses in it, 
145 10  Counties and Towns in it, 
146    Vodia or Vdiae an ancient Nation in Ireland, where planted, 
139.4  Vodius, Archbishop of London slain by Vortigerne, 
6 5  Voluntii, 
145.5  Vortigerne where consumed by lightning, 
111.5  Vortimer slew in Battle Horsa brother to Hengist, 
7 11  Vpton in Worcester-shire a Station of the Romans, 
51 6  Vriconium. See Wroxce●ster. 
 Vsoconia. See Okenyate. 
 Ursula, the Duke of Cornwall's daughter, with her Virgin-Saints, 
21.5  Vskebah, an wholesome Aquavitae in Ireland, 
137.6  Vterini, ancient people in Ireland where they dwelled, 
139.4    


W  A Wall in Scotland from Abercorne or Abercurving unto Dunbritton 
132 11  Wall-towne, 
89.12  Wales how confined, 
99.1 
The dimension thereof, 
99 4  Wales and Welsh, what it signifieth, 
99.1.2  Counties of Wales twelve, 
98. & 100.22  Divided into three Regions or Kingdoms, 
99 5  Divided into South-Wales, 
100.22  Divided into North-wales, 
ibid.  West-Wales, 
ibid.  Wales, why void of woods, 
121.5  Princes of Wales sprung from the blood Royal of English Kings, 
97    Wallingford Castle & Town, 
27.7.  Wansdike in Wilt-shire, 
25.6  Wantage the birthplace of King Elfred, 
27.9  Wapentach or Wapentake, what it is, 
3.6  War Civil of York and Lancaster, 
75.9  Warwickshire how bounded, 
53.1 
How divided, 
53.3  The form of it 
53.2  The Compass thereof, 
Ibid.  Commodities, 
ibid.  Who inhabited it in old time, 
55.4  Hundreds and Townes, 
54    Warwick Town by whom built, 
53.6 
What names it had in old time, 
ibid.  The position thereof, 
Ibid.  The civil government thereof, 
53.6    Washeses in Lincolnshire hurtful to King john, 
63.4  Wat Tyler an Arch-rebel slain, 
7.10  Waterfalls or Catadupa, 
85.10  Waterford the second City in Ireland, 
139.7 
Ever loyal to the Crown of England since the first Conquest of it, 
Ibid.    Watling-street, 
43.6  Waveney River, 
35.3  Wedon in the street sometime Bannavenna, 
55.7  Weisford in Ireland, the first English Colony, 
141.8 
Whence it took name, 
Ibid.  A Well boiling up with streams of blood, 
27.9  Ebbing and flowing accorto the Sea, 
103.7 & 111.8  Ebbing and flowing contrary to the Sea-tydes, 
105.7  A Well, the droppings whereof turn into hard stone, 
132.15  A Well floating with Bitumen, 
132.15    Welles a City in Somerset-shire, why so called, 
23.7 
By what civil Magistracy governed, 
ibid.  The position or graduation thereof, 
ibid.    Wentsdale, 
79.3  Saint Werburgs Church in Chester, 
73.7  Western Lands subject to Scotland how many, 
132 17 
How ruled in ancient time 
132.18  Their Commodities, 
132 19    Westminster a Bishops See, 
29 7  Westmoreland how bounded, 
85.1 
The measure thereof, 
85 2  The form and air, 
85.3  The ancient Inhabitants, 
85.5  Places of chief note therein, 
85.8  Towns in it, 
86    West-Saxon Lage, 
5.3  West-Saxon Law, 
4.8  West Sox, 
4.11  Whitby Abbey founded, 
77.7  Whitgar the Saxon, 
15.7  Whittington Castle, 
100.12  Whorwell Monastery built, 
17 6  Wiscii, what people 
51.4  Wiches, i. Salt pits, 
ibid.  john Wickliff, England's morning star, 
61.7  Wight Island described, 
15 
What names it had in old time, 
15.1  The form and dimension of it, 
15.2  The air and soil thereof, 
15.4  The commodities of it, 
15 4.5  By whom first inhabited, 
15.6  By whom subdued 
15.10  How fortified, 
15.9  What Towns, Rivers, and memorable places are in it, 
15.10  How divided, 
15.7 & 16    Wike. 
See Kingston upon Hull.  Saint Wilfreds' Needle 
78 11  Wilfrids Bishop, reduced the Islanders of Wight to Christianity, 
15.10  William the bastard Conquered England, 
92.2 & 5.1  William now Bishop of Excester repaireth the Cathedral Church there, 
19 6  William King of Scots taken prisoner, 
89.10 
His son drowned with his Cradle, 
132.16    Wilt-shire how bounded, 
25 1 
The form and dimension of it, 
25.2  The air and soil, 
25 3.4  By whom inhabited in old time, 
25.5  Religious houses in it, 
25.9  Hundreds and Townes therein, 
26    Winander Mere, 
57.7  Winburne Minster, 
17.7  Winchester City by whom built, 
13.9 
What name it had in old time, 
13.9.  How traded, and how o●t burnt, 
13.9  Situation thereof, 
13.9  Graduation thereof, 
Ibid.  Fired by the French, 
13 10  What Fortunes it hath been exposed unto, 
Ibid.  Cathedral Church thereof, 
13.9    Windesor Castle, 
27.7 
The Chapel there the Sepulchre of what Kings, 
27 8    Winifrid of Devon-shire, the Apostle of the Hessians, etc. 
19.6  Winifride's Well, 
121.8  Winwid field, 
78.10  Woodland a part of Warwickshire, 
53.3  Woods spared and preserved in Lancashire, 
75.4  Wolsey Cardinal where buried, 
61.6  Wolves paid yearly for a tribute, 
117.3  Women in the Isle of Man girt ordinarily with their winding-sheets, 
91.7  Worcester-shire how bounded, 
51.1 
The form and dimension of it, 
51.2  The air and commodities, 
51.5  Hundreds and Townes, 
52    Worcester City how named in old time, 
51.3 
What calamities it hath sustained, 
ibid.  The Cathedral Church built by Sexwolfe Bishop, 
ibid.  The Civil Magistracy, 
ibid.  The Geographical position of it, 
ibid.    Wring-cheese Rocks 
21.9  Wroxcester an ancient City in Shrop-shire. 
71.9    


Y  Yanesbury Trench, 
25.5  Yardland. 
See Virgate.  Yeoman and Yeomanry, 
4.7  Year River, 
35.3  Yeremouth, or Yarmouth, whence so named, and how seated, 
35.7 
Made a Corporation, 
ibid.  A Town very hospitable and famous for Herring, 
ibid.    Yorks an Arch-Bishops See, 
6.5 
What Suffragan Bishops it had, and now hath, 
6.7    York Metropolitan and Primate, 
6.7. & 78.9 
His jurisdiction, 
ibid.    York City what names it had, 
78.9 
How York is governed, 
ibid.  The positure of it, 
ibid.  Library thereof, 
ibid.    Yorkshire how otherwise called, 
77.2 
What battles there fought, 
78.10  The soil of it, 
77.2 & 5  How bounded, 
77.3  Divided into East-Riding, 
77.4  North-Riding, 
ibid.  West-Riding, 
ibid.  The dimension of it, 
77 4    York Manner-house sometime the Abbey of Saint mary's, by whom built, 
77.7    


Z  Zelanders their fishing upon our North-East Sea with licence, 
81.3    
FINIS.