CAMPANALOGIA: OR THE ART OF RINGING Improved. With plain and easy Rules to guide the Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of Changes. TO Which is added, great variety of NEW PEALS. LONDON, Printed by W. Godbid, for W.S. and are to be sold by Langley Curtis in Goat-Court on Ludgate-hill. 1677. TO THE HONOURED AND TO His much Esteemed FRIENDS, The Members of the Society of COLLEGE YOUTHS. Gentlemen, AS your Society even ab origine hath deservedly acquired an eminency in many respects above others of this kind; so more especially for the pregnancy of its Members in the composing of Peals. For when the Art of Cross-pricking lay enveloped in such obscurity, that it was thought impossible that double Changes on five bells could be made to extend farther than ten, and triple and double Changes on six farther than sixty; then it was that a worthy and knowing Member of your Society, to dissipate those mists of Ignorance, and to usher in the bright morn of Knowledge, pricked those much applauded Peals of Grandsire and Grandsire Bob; which for their excellency have for many years together continued triumphant in practice amidst all others whatsoever; and which indeed have been a great light in the production of that great variety of new Peals herein contained; the greatest part of which being also the offspring of your Society, I therefore thought fit to usher them into the world under the wings of your Protection. Gentlemen, as a member I held myself obliged to add my Mite to your full fraught Treasury of Speculative and Practical Knowledge of this kind; though I confess your acquisition on this account will be very mean, since my want of ability sufficient to undertake a thing of this nature, and also want of opportunity by converse with others to supply my own defects, have rendered the Book less acceptable than it might have been done by some more knowing head and acuter Pen. And although I am conscious that it meriteth not your acceptance; yet I assume the confidence to believe that you will favour it with a kind entertainment amongst you; and the rather; for that I know you are too judicious to sentence it without first casting into the balance of your indifferent judgements some Grains of Allowance: The countenance you show it will silence Detractors, and be Armour of proof against the fools bolts which may happen to be soon shot at the Author, who is Gentlemen, A constant Wellwisher to the Prosperity (though an unworthy member) of your Society, F. S. ERRATA. Courteous Reader, SOme few faults have escaped the Press: as pag. 27 line the 4th, for grateful read graceful. page 31. line the 19th. for imitatieg read imitating, with some others, which you are desired either candidly to amend, or tacitly to pass over. OF THE ART OF Changes. THese clear days of Knowledge, that have ransacked the dark corners of most Arts and Sciences, and freed their hidden mysteries from the bonds of obscurity, have also registered this of Ringing, in the Catalogue of their Improvements; as well the Speculative as the Practic part, which of late years remained in Embryo, are now become perfect, and worthy the knowledge of the most ingenious. Although the Practic part of Ringing is chief the subject of this Discourse, yet first I will speak something of the Art of Changes, its Invention being Mathematical, and produceth incredible effects, as hereafter will appear. But first, I will premise a word or two, to show what the nature of those Changes are. Some certain number of things are presupposed to be changed or varied; as 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. or any greater number whatsoever; then the number of things to be so varied must have the like number of fixed places assigned them. As if five men were sitting upon five stools in a row; the stools are supposed to be fixed places for the five men, but the men by consent may move or change to each others places at pleasure, yet still sitting in a row as at first: now this Art directs how, and in what order those five men may change places with each other, whereby they may sit sixscore times in a row, and not twice alike. And likewise a Peal of five Bells, being raised up to a fit compass for ringing of Changes, are there supposed to have five fixed places, which time assigns to their notes or strokes; yet the notes of the Bells may change into each others places at pleasure: now this Art also directs the manner and method of changing the five notes in such sort, that they may strike sixscore times round, and not twice alike. The numbers of Changes are thus to be discovered. Two must first be admitted to be varied two ways; then to find out the Changes in three, the Changes on two must be multiplied by three, and the product will be six, which are the complete number of Changes on three. Those six Changes being multiplied by four, will produce 24, which are the complete number of Changes on four. The 24 Changes on four, being multiplied by five, will produce 120, which are the complete number of Changes on five. And in like manner the 120, being multiplied by six, will produce 720, which are the complete number on six. The 720, being multiplied by seven, will produce 5040, which are the number of Changes on seven. The 5040, being multiplied by eight, will produce 40320, which are the number of Changes on eight. Those Changes on eight, being multiplied by nine, will produce 362880, which are the number of Changes on nine. Those Changes on nine, being multiplied by ten, will produce 3628800, which are the number on ten. Those on ten, being multiplied by eleven, will produce 39916800, which are the number on eleven. Those also being multiplied by twelve, will produce 479001600, which are the complete number of Changes on twelve. And if twelve men should attempt to ring all those Changes on twelve Bells, they could not effect it in less than seventy five years, twelve Lunar Months, one week, and three days, notwithstanding they ring without intermission, and after the proportion of 720 Changes every hour. Or if one man should attempt to prick them down upon Paper, he could not effect it in less than the aforesaid space. And 1440 being pricked in a sheet, they would take up six hundred sixty five Reams of Paper, and upwards, reckoning five hundred Sheets to a Ream; which Paper at five shillings the Ream, would cost one hundred sixty six Pounds five Shillings. The reason of the aforesaid Multiplication, by which the numbers of Changes are discovered, and also that those Products are the true numbers of Changes, will plainly and manifestly appear in these following Demonstrations. But first, two must be admitted to be varied two ways, thus. 12 21 And then consequently, three will make three times as many Changes as two; for there are three times two figures to be produced out of three, and not twice two the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the three figures one after another. First, 123 213 132 312 231 321 cast away 3, and 1.2 will remain; cast away 2, and 1.3 will remain; cast away 1, and 2.3 will remain. So that here are three times two figures produced out of the three, and not twice two the same figures, as 12. 13. 23. each two may be varied two ways, as before: then to the changes which each two makes add the third figure which is wanting; as to the two changes made by 1.2 add the 3, to the changes on 1.3 add the 2, and to the changes on 2.3 add the 1, and the three figures will stand six times together, and not twice alike, as here appeareth. Four will make four times as many changes as three. 1234 2134 1324 3124 2314 3214 1243 2143 1423 4123 2413 4213 1342 3142 1432 4132 3412 4312 2341 3241 2431 4231 3421 4321 For there are four times three figures to be had out of four, and not twice three the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the four figures by turns. First cast away 4, and 123 will remain; cast away 3, and 124 will remain; cast away 2, and 134 will remain; and lastly, casting away 1, and 234 will remain; so that here is 123, 124, 134, 234, and not twice three the same figures. Now each three may be varied six ways, according to the preceding Example. Then to the six changes which each three makes, add the fourth figure which is wanting; as to the six changes on 123 add the 4, to the six changes on 124 add the 3, to the six changes on 134 add the 2, and to the six changes on 234 add the 1, which renders the changes complete; for then the four figures stand twenty four times together, and not twice alike, as here appears. Five will make five times as many changes as four; for there are five times four figures to be had out of five, and not twice four the same figures, which are to be produced as before, by casting away each of the five figures by turns. Cast away 5, and 1234 will remain; cast away 4, and 1235 will remain; cast away 3, and 1245 will remain; cast away 2, and 1345 will remain; cast away 1, and 2345 will remain. So that here are five times four figures produced, and not twice four the same figures. Now each four maybe varied twenty four ways, as in the preceding example; then to the twenty four changes which each four makes, add the fifth figure which is wanting: as to the twenty four changes on 1234, add the 5; to the twenty four changes on 1235, add the 4. to the changes on 1245, add 3. to the changes on 1345, add 2. and to the changes on 2345, add 1. which renders the changes complete, for then the five figures stand sixscore times together, and not twice alike. 12345 21345 13245 31245 23145 32145 12435 21435 14235 41235 24135 42135 13425 31425 14325 41325 34125 43125 23415 32415 24315 42315 34215 43215 12354 21354 13254 31254 23154 32154 12534 21534 15234 51234 25134 52134 13524 31524 15324 51324 35124 53124 23514 32514 25314 52314 35214 53214 12453 21453 14253 41253 24153 42153 12543 21543 15243 51243 25143 52143 14523 41523 15423 51423 45123 54123 24513 42513 25413 52413 45213 54213 13452 31452 14352 41352 34152 43152 13542 31542 15342 51342 35142 53142 14532 41532 15432 51432 45132 54132 34512 43512 35412 53412 45312 54312 23451 32451 24351 42351 34251 43251 23541 32541 25341 52341 35241 53241 24531 42531 25431 52431 45231 54231 34521 43521 35421 53421 45321 54321 And in this manner the complete numbers of changes on six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, etc. may also be demonstrated. The numbers of changes will also plainly appear by the methods, whereby they are commonly pricked and rung. Now the nature of these methods is such, that the changes on one number comprehends the changes on all lesser numbers, and that so regularly, that the complete number of changes on each lesser number are made in a most exact method within the greater; insomuch that a complete Peal of changes on one number seemeth to be form by uniting of the complete Peals on all lesser numbers into one entire body; which will manifestly appear in the 479001600 changes on twelve: for that Peal comprehends the 39916800 changes on eleven; these likewise comprehend the 3628800 changes on ten, these changes on ten comprehend the 362880 on nine, these on nine comprehend the 40320 on eight, these on eight comprehend the 5040 on seven, these likewise the 720 on six, the 720 also comprehend the 120 on five, the 120 comprehend the 24 changes on four, these also comprehend the six changes on three, and the six comprehend the two changes on two. Each of these Peals (viz.) on eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, and two, being made in a most exact method within the changes on twelve. For Example, two are first admitted to be varied two ways, 12 21 thus— Now the figure 3 being hunted through each of those two changes, will produce the six changes on three. The term Hunt, is given to a Bell to express its motion in Ringing, which in figures is after this manner. It must lie behind, betwixt, and before the two figures: first behind them thus, 1 2 3; then betwixt them, thus, 1 3 2; now before them, thus, 3 1 2: this is called a hunting motion, and here it has hunted through the first change of the two, wherein it made three variations, as appears in the figures, standing thus in order. 123 132 312 — Now it must hunt through the other change, which is 2 1, in the same manner as before; that is, first it must lie before, then betwixt the two figures, then behind them, thus, 321, 231, 213. Here it has hunted through again, 123 132 312 321 231 213 wherein it made three more variations; which three being set directly under the former, the six variations will then plainly appear, as in these figures: where the three figures stand six times together, and not twice alike. Now the figure 4 being in like manner hunted through each of those six changes, will produce the 24 changes on four. First, therefore it must hunt through the first, which is 123, letter (a) 1234 1243 1423 4123 ; then through the second change of the six, which is 132, letter (b) 4132 1432 1342 1324 ; then through the third, which is 312, letter (c) 3124 3142 3412 4312 , and so it being hunted through the rest of the changes likewise, will produce the twenty four changes on four. The figure 5 being hunted through each of those twenty four changes, will produce the 120 changes on five. First therefore it must hunt through the first, which is 1234, letter (a) 12345 12354 12534 15234 51234 ; then through the second, which is 1243, letter (b) 51243 15243 12543 12453 12435 ; then also through the third, which is 1423, letter (c) 14235 14253 14523 15423 51423 . In which manner it being hunted through the rest of the twenty four changes, will produce the 120 on five. And then the figure 6 being hunted through each of those sixscore changes will produce the 720 changes on six. And the figure 7 being hunted through each of those 720 changes, will produce the 5040. In which manner also the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, being successively hunted through each Peal in the aforesaid order, will at length produce the complete number of changes on twelve. Wherein 'tis observable, that all the figures, except two, have a hunting motion; which two may properly be termed the Centre, about which the rest do circulate. By these methods it is evident, that every hunting figure hath a certain number of figures assigned, through which 'tis constantly to hunt: as in the aforesaid Example on twelve, where the 1.2 are assigned for the figure 3 to hunt through, as appears in the six changes before. And in like manner, 123 are assigned for the figure 4 to hunt through; 1234 are assigned for the figure 5 to hunt through; 12345 for 6 to hunt through, etc. Now the figure 3 hunts as many times through the 1.2. as those two make changes, that is, two times wherein it makes twice three changes, that is, six, as before appeareth. The figure 4 hunts as many times through the 123, as those three figures make changes, that is, six times; wherein it makes six times four changes, which amounts to twenty four. The figure 5 hunteth as many times through the 1234, as those four figures make changes, that is, twenty four times; wherein it makes twenty four times five changes, which amounts to 120. The figure 6 hunts as many times through the 12345, as those five make changes, that is 120 times, wherein it maketh 120 times six changes, which amounts to 720. And in like manner the figure 7 hunts 720 times through 123456, wherein it maketh 720 times seven changes, which amounts to 5040. The eighth hunteth 5040 times through 1234567, wherein it makes 40320 changes. The 9th hunteth 40320 times through 12345678, wherein it makes 362880 changes. The tenth hunteth 362880 times through 123456789, wherein it makes 3628800. The eleventh hunteth 3628800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. wherein it makes 39916800. And lastly, the twelfth hunteth 39916800 times through 1.2.3.4.5. 6.7.8.9.10.11. wherein it makes 39916800 times twelve changes, which amounts to 479001600, being the complete number on twelve. By which 'tis evident, that every hunting figure hunts as many times through its assigned number of figures, as those figures are capable of making changes, which in short comprehends the sum and substance of this method, which is universal from two, to all greater numbers whatsoever. If we consider the multitude of different words, wherewith we express ourselves in Speech, it may be thought almost impossible that such numbers should arise out of twenty four Letters; yet this Art of variation will produce much more incredible effects. To give an instance thereof, I will show the numbers of every quantity of Letters from two to twelve, that may be produced out of the Alphabet. The generality of Words consisting of these quantities, (viz.) two letters, three letters, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve letters. There are 10626 times four letters to be produced out of the twenty four letters of the Alphabet, and not twice four all the same Letters. There are likewise 42504 times five letters, 134596 times six letters, 346104 times seven, 735471 times eight, 1307504 times nine, 1961256 times ten, 2496144 times eleven, and 2704156 times twelve. Now each quantity being varied by the rules of this Art, will produce incredible numbers. First the 10626 times four letters, being multiplied by 24, which are the number of ways to vary each four letters, will produce 255024 that is to say, four letters may be produced out of the Alphabet to stand together after this manner (a b c d) two hundred fifty five thousand and twenty four times, and not twice alike. And in like manner, the 42504 times five Letters, being multiplied by 120, which are the number of ways to vary each five, will produce 5100480. The 134596 times six letters, being also multiplied by 720, will produce 96909120. The 346104, being multiplied by 5040, will produce 1564364160. The 735471, being multiplied by 40320, will produce 29554290720. The 1307504, being multiplied by 362880, will produce 474467051520. The 1961256, being mulmultiplied by 3628800, will produce 7117005772800. The 2446144, being multiplied by 39916800, will produce 99728079819200. And lastly, the 2704156 time twelve letters, being multiplied by 479001600, will produce 1295295050649600, which products being all added together, as also 12696 which are the numbers consisting of two and three letters, the whole will amount to 1402645824276320, wherein there are not two alike, nor two letters of one sort in any one of them; which being written or printed on large Paper in folio, allowing 5000 to a sheet, they would take up 561058329 Reams of Paper and upwards, reckoning 500 sheets to a Ream: which Paper all the Houses in the City and Liberties of London would not contain; and in quantity doubtless infinitely exceeds all the Books that ever were printed in the world, reckoning only one of each Impression. And at the rate of five shillings the Ream, the Paper would cost 140564582 Pounds sterling; which is above four times as much as the yearly Rent of all the Lands and Houses in Englaud amounts to. And all the people both young and old in the City and Suburbs of London (admitting they are five hundred thousand) could not speak the like numbers of words under forty years and upwards, each of them speaking 15000 every hour, and twelve hours every day. These prodigious numbers are the more to be admired, considering that the greatest number of letters in any of them, exceeds not twelve, neither are two letters of one sort in any one of them: but by producing and varying all the greater quantities, and placing two or more letters of one sort, or two of one sort and two of another, with all variety of the like nature that commonly happens in words, the numbers arising thereby would infinitely exceed the former. And if all the numbers of every quantity of letters from one to twenty four, together with all the variety as aforesaid, were methodically drawn out and varied according to the rules of this Art; which might easily be performed in respect of the plain and practical method of doing it; but the infinite numbers of them would not permit a Million of men to effect it in some thousands of years: it would be evident, that there is no word or syllable in any language or speech in the world, which can be expressed with the character of our Alphabet, but might be found literatim and entire therein; and more by many thousands of Millions than can be pronounced, or that ever were yet made use of in any language. I will here give one instance of another kind, showing the admirable effects of this Art, and so conclude. A man having twenty Horses, contracts with a Brick-maker to give him one hundred pound Sterling; conditionally that the Brick-maker will deliver him as many Loads of Bricks, as there are several Teams of six Horses to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty to fetch them, and not one Team or Sett of six Horses to fetch two Loads. The Brick-maker might be thought to have made a very advantageous bargain, but the contrary will appear. For there are thirty eight thousand seven hundred and sixty several Teams of six Horses, to be produced out of twenty, and not twice six the same Horses; then the Brick-maker must deliver as many Loads as there are Teams, and each Load consisting of five hundred Bricks, the whole would amount to 19380000, which being bought for one hundred pounds as aforesaid, would not cost above five Farthings a thousand: and at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand, they amount to twelve thousand nine hundred and twenty pounds Sterling. But should a contract be made with the Brick-maker to deliver as many Loads of Bricks, as there are Teams of six Horses in each, to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty, which shall stand in the Cart in a differing manner; that is to say, although there may be the same Horses in several Teams, yet their places shall be so changed, that they shall not stand twice alike in any two Teams. On this account the Brick-maker must deliver seven hundred and twenty times as many as before; for there are 38760 several Teams as before I have showed: then each Team may be placed 720 ways in the Cart, and not twice alike, which is to be done according to the methods whereby the 720 changes on six Bells are rung. So that 38760, which are the number of Teams, multiplied by 720, which are the number of ways to vary the six Horses in each Team, the product will be be 27907200, which are the complete number of Teams; and every Team carrying one Load, consisting of five hundred Bricks, the Whole will amount to 13953600000 Bricks. And after the proportion of a hundred and fifty thousand of Bricks to a House, they would build ninety three thousand and twenty four Houses; which are above six times as many as the late dreadful fire in London consumed. And at the rate of thrteen shillings and four pence the thousand, they are worth 6976800 pounds Sterling, which is at least four hundred Waggon-loads of money, as much as five Horses can ordinarily draw. AN INTRODUCTION To the Practice of RINGING. AS the original design of casting Peals of Bells was in order to make pleasant Music thereon; so the Notes in every Peal are form apt for that end and purpose, every Peal of Bells being tuned according to the principles of Music; for in a Peal of six Bells are the six plain Song-Notes, whereupon all Music consists, namely, la sol fa mi re ut. But in regard that in ringing of them the Notes cannot be had at command, as the Notes of other Instruments may; therefore, as the Practitioners in ancient time found some necessity to cause all the Notes to strike successively after one another, so likewise they thought fit in ringing them to place the Notes in this following order. The least note to lead or strike first, than the Note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and so the rest of the notes to strike after each other according to their degrees, the flattest striking last; in which order the notes were successively reiterated both at fore-stroke and back-stroke, from the beginning to the end of each Peal. And at this day the same order is also observed in raising, ceasing, and ringnig them at a low compass; wherein each note being confined to strike in a certain place, therefore had they their terms of First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, etc. given them, to denote their order and places of striking; from whence also the Bells derive those terms of distinction by which they are now known. Although the ringing of a Peal of Bells in the aforesaid order, (which is commonly termed Round-ringing) is in itself Musical; yet the Notes may be so placed in ringing, that their Music may be rendered much more pleasant: for in Music there are Concord's, which indeed may be termed the very life and soul of it, that renders all Music exceeding pleasant: the principal are Thirds, Fifths, and Eights; Thirds are 1 3. 2 4. and such like: Fifths are 1 5. 2 6. etc. Eights are 1 8. 2 9 3 10. etc. each Concord consisting of two notes. They may well be termed Concord's, in respect of their agreement and harmony; for the two notes (as if it were by mutual consent) being struck together at one instant, or else immediately after one another, affords delightful melody to the ear; in which respect, a peal of five Bells are capable of making better Music than a peal of four; six better than five; and more especially will ten or twelve make more excellent Music than any lesser numbers can possibly do, there being greater variety of Concord's therein, and especially of Eights. For this Musical end were changes on Bells first practised, changes being nothing else but a moving and placing of the Notes in ringing, whereby variety of pleasant Music is made; and as the manner of moving the notes, is, for two notes to change places with each other, therefoae are they called Changes. The methods of changes being somewhat intricate, I have therefore penned the following Treatise as a Clue to guide the Practitioner through the Labyrinth of them, wherein I have made use of figures to represent the notes of Bells, the manner thus. In a peal of five Bells there are five several notes, which with figures are thus expressed, 1 2 3 4 5: the figure 1 represents the least or sharpest note, which is termed the First, because its place in round ringing is to lead; this note is most commonly called the Triple. The figure 2 represents the note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and is termed the Second, because it strikes in the second place. And in like manner 3 represents the note of the third Bell, 4 the note of the fourth Bell, and 5 the note of the Fifth or Tenor. In which manner, the figures in all the following methods do likewise represent the notes of Bells. Since the ringing of changes requires the peal of Bells, on which the changes are to be rung, to be first raised up to a set Pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of them; therefore the Learners first practice must be to raise a Bell true in peal, to ring it at a low compass, and also to cease it true in peal, wherein consists the chief grounds of this Art, which depends on the Ear, and therefore much judgement is required therein. And to speak the truth, most practitioners are in these days somewhat deficient herein; the ringing of changes having generally diverted the Learners fancy from the practice of raising, round-ringing, and ceasing, by which means we have in a manner lost one Excellency in the pursuit of another. Therefore I could wish that the Practitioners of this Art would set a greater esteem on true Ringing in general, since the only excellency as well in the ringing of Changes as Rounds, depends thereon: the keeping of time being as essential to render all kinds of ringing pleasant to the ear, as 'tis to render any other kind of Music; therefore the practitioner ought to have a Musical ear, and to have some judgement in beating time, without which he can never ring his Bell true in its place. A prospect of true ringing at any certain compass under the Sett, may thus be taken; for Instance, in ringing a peal of 5 Bells; from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there ought to be eleven punctums or Beats of time, which are all supposed to stand at Aequidistances: now in ten of these punctums, the five notes ought exactly to strike at the fore-stroke and back-stroke, and the eleventh stands as a cipher to guide the Treble-note at fore-stroke to a double proportion of time from the Tennor-note at back-stroke: which blank punctum must also be beaten in the same place by every note, to render its fore-stroke answerable to that of the Triple. For example; the third note having struck at fore-stroke, it must beat eleven punctums of equidistance unto its striking there again. The first punctum is that of the 4th note, the second 5, the third 1, the fourth 2, the fifth 3, the sixth 4, the seventh 5, the eighth 0, the ninth 1, the tenth 2, the eleventh its own place of striking again at fore-stroke. These punctums or Beats of time, must be proportioned either wider or closer, according to the compass of the Triple: therefore first the Treble must fix its compass certain and true at fore-stroke, which ought to be proportionate to what the number of the notes, and compass of the peal of Bells, may according to judgement permit; and then from one fore-stroke of it to the next, if there are five notes; there ought to be eleven punctums of equidistance assigned, wherein the notes should exactly strike (except the blank) as before. From hence 'tis, that the most judicrous Ringer ought to be put to the Triple; for that bell cannot possibly be rung true by any other means than by beating of its own time; and although the exactness of true ringing requires the like in every note, when once the compass is fixed, yet the leading note being rung true, may be a guide to the rest of the notes, which may tolerably take their measures of time from the Treble-note: but for every note to take its measure of time solely from the next preceding note, must needs be very erroneous; for thereby they implicitly lead one another out of the way. Or else in the ringing of five bells, from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there may be one and twenty punctums or beats of time assigned, to stand at equidistances; and the five notes, as they follow one another, at the fore-stroke and back-stroke to strike in every second punctum, except the Treble-note at fore-stroke, which must strike in the third punctum from the Tenor at back-stroke; so that then there will be two of those spaces betwixt every note, and three betwixt the note of the Tenor at back-stroke and the note of the Triple at fore-stroke, which possibly by some may be held a better compass than the former: but quot homines tot sententiae. Every Practitioner, that has judgement to beat his own time, has the advantage of ringing his bell true, whilst the rest of the notes commit faults: for the compass being once fixed, as many bells as do either rise or fall from thence commit errors. The truest way of raising a peal of bells according to the best of modern practice, is, as quick as may be; every Ringer taking assistance to raise his bell, according as the going of it requires. In raising of them, the lesser bells, as the Triple etc. aught at the first pull to be swayed very deep, and held down in the sway by strength of arms as much as may be, to delay the time of their first striking, by which means the bigger bells, which carry a large compass, may have space to come in; and the raising of the smaller bells to be continued with a strong pull, giving them scope over head (for the aforesaid reason) until they come up Frame-high, or thereabouts, and then the pull to be slackened, and the bells leisurely to be raised to the intended height or pitch. The bigger bells of the peal, as the Tenor etc. must in their first raising be checked or pinched over head, by which means the notes of all the bells may be made to strike round in their due place and order from the beginning; and observe, that at the first pull all the bells must follow one another as close as may be. A peal of bells may thus be ceased: the falling of the bells from a Sett-pull must gradually be done, by checking them only at Sally, until the low compass renders the Sally useless; and when they are ceased so low, that they scarce strike at back-stroke for want of compass: then he that rings the Triple, may give notice (by stamping on the ground) that the next time the bells come to strike at the fore-stroke, they may be checked down so low as to cease their striking at the back-stroke, yet their striking round at the fore-stroke may be continued, until they are brought into a chime, which is a grateful conclusion of a peal. In raising of a peal of bells, all the notes ought to strike round at one pull: but mistake me not, I do not mean at the first pull; for at small bells 'tis usual to sway them all round at the first pull without striking; at the second pull to strike them at the fore-stroke, and at the third pull at back-stroke. In raising of a peal of more weighty bells, 'tis usual to strike them double at the fourth pull, because the extraordinary weight and large compass of the hind-bells permits it not to be done sooner. In the first raising of a peal of bells, one bell ought not to strike before the rest, or to miss striking when the rest go round: neither ought any bell in ceasing to strike after the rest, or to leave striking before the rest; all which, according to the strictness of true ringing, are accounted great faults. The peal of bells on which the changes are to be rung, must first be raised up to a Sett-pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of changes; for then the notes of the bells may be had at command. Therefore before the young Practitioner can be capable of ringing changes, he must be extraordinary well skilled in the managing of a bell at a Sett-pull, which is absolutely requisite, for this reason: In the ringing of changes, his mind will be so busied and wholly taken up with the consideration of the course and method of them, and his eye continually wand'ring about to direct his pull in the following of the other bells; that unless he has extraordinary skill in the managing of his own bell, and can set it in a manner hoodwinked, he will be apt either to drop or overturn it; or else on the other hand, for want of skill, his eye and mind will be so fixed on his own rope and bell to guide the managing of it, that he cannot at the same time mind the course of the changes, and then no wonder if he is in a wood, which consequently follows; and indeed hence partly 'tis, that the Learners in their first practice do oftentimes toil and moil themselves to so little purpose. Therefore 'tis not enough that the young Practitioner can set a bell it may be half a score times together, when 'tis an even wager that he either drops or overturns it in those ten pulls: but he must be so perfectly skilled, as that he might adventure to lay ten to one, that he can set it thirty or forty times together, both fore-stroke and back-stroke, without dropping or overturning it, and without looking directly either on his hands or rope whilst he sets it. Therefore in his practice of setting a bell, he may cast his eye about on the other bell-ropes whilst he manageth his bell, whereby he may accustom himself to manage it as the ringing of changes requires. The ringing of changes is performed, partly by the ear, and partly by the eye; the ear informs when to make a change, the eye directs the pull in the making of it; but then again the ear guides the striking of the note true in its place according to time. So that the ear and eye have each of them its proper object in the ringing of changes, and therefore ought at the same time to be absolutely free from all others whatsoever, the notes of the bells being the object of the ear, and the bell-ropes the object of the eye. Now these two Senses in the time of ringing do each of them thus perform its office. First, the ear, as a Sentinel, discovers the near approaching change, and also the place wherein his note lies, that is, whether before or behind the note wherewith 'tis to make a change, and gives present information to the eye, to perform its part accordingly in the making of it; but then again the eye refers it to the ear, to place the note true in striking. But questionless (by the buy) the truest ringing of changes is to be performed only by the ear; but then the Practitioners must be capable to judge of time, and to beat it true, which must be the only direction to guide their pull; and than it must be performed at a peal of bells that may be managed with ease: and being so fitted in all respects, the changes may doubtless be rung more true, with greater pleasure to the Practitioners, and much more free from mistakes and forgets, only by the ear, than by making use of the eye to direct their pull. But in regard that either the ill going of the bells, or want of fit accomplishments in the practitioners, may render it unfit for common practice; therefore the surest way is to ring both by the eye and ear, as I said before. Now to render the eye and ear rightly useful in the ringing of changes, five things ought by the young Practitioner to be well understood. First, he must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells, and to know one from another in the time of ringing. Secondly, he must apprehend the places of the notes. Thirdly, the precedency of notes. Fourthly, the manner of making a change in ringing. Fifthly, a general prospect of the manner of putting the four preceding notions into practice. Observation 1. The Learner must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells one from another, and to know them asunder; as the Treble-note from the Second, the Second from the Third, etc. which, 'tis true, may readily be done in round ringing, because each note may be known by the place wherein it constantly strikes; but in ringing of changes it is more difficult. For admitting that six bells should strike in this order, 5.3.6.1.4.2. it might puzzle an unskilful ear to judge which is the Triple, or which the Second note, especially whilst any other note strikes betwixt them: and the like difficulty might happen in dinguishing the rest of the notes, as the 2d from the 3d, etc. To remove this difficulty, he must endeavour to acquire some skill in tuning the notes of a peal of bells with his voice, which he may do by imitatieg the notes of the bells when he hears them ring: or else any person that has skill in singing, will presently direct him therein, and also how to take the true pitch of any notes with his voice, which will be the only means to distinguish them asunder. diagram The notes being imagined to strike in a row as aforesaid, their places will then soon be understood. The notes do take their places according to their successive order of striking both at fore-stroke and back-stroke; each succeeding note taking its place next to that which preceds it: for whatsoever bell leads either at fore-stroke or at back-stroke, its note lieth in the first place of the supposed row of notes; and that which strikes next after the leading note, its note lieth in the second place of the supposed row of notes, and so the rest in the like order. As if five bells should strike thus after one another either of fore-stroke or back-stroke, 5 4 1 2 3. here the 5th lieth in the first place, because it was first struck; the 4th in the second place, because it was second struck; the Triple in the third place, because it was third struck; the 2d in the fourth place, because it was fourth struck; and the 3d in the last place, because it was last struck; and the like of the notes in every change. Observe. 3. The next thing to be understood by the Learner, is the precedency of the notes. Now whereas in the ringing of changes, the notes do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, and again at the back-stroke, therefore are they said to lie before or behind each other, according to their places of striking. As if five men were standing in a row, as these five figures represent, 1 2 3 4 5, the first man to stand at the fig. 1, the second man at the figure 2, etc. and that they stand with their faces all one way, that is, the first man ready to lead, and the rest to follow him one behind another. Now the first man stands before the rest, and the fifth man behind the rest; the second man stands behind the first man, but before the third; the third man stands behind the second, but before the fourth; and the fourth stands behind the third, but before the fifth. In which manner the notes being supposed to strike in the like row, may also be said to lie before or behind each other as the men did. For whatsoever note leads either at fore-stroke or back-stroke, is said to lie before the rest; and that which strikes last, to strike behind the rest. The note which lieth in the second place, as on the one hand it lieth behind the leading note, so on the other hand it lieth before the note in the third place. As the note in the third place lieth behind the note in the second place, so it lieth before the note in the fourth place. And in like manner, every note is said to lie behind those that strike before it, and before those that strike after it. Observe. 4. A Change is to be made betwixt two notes, by moving them into each others places; wherein 'tis to be observed as a general Rule, That every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next to each other. As if five bells were ringing round in this order, 1 2 3 4 5, the 1 and 2 may make a change, or 2 and 3, or likewise 3 and 4, or 4 and 5, because each two lie next each other; but the 1 and 3 cannot, because 2 strikes between them, much less may 1 and 4, etc. The two notes which make every change, moves into each others places in the making of it; wherein one note is said to move up, and the other down. The reason why one of them is said to move up, is, because he that rings that bell, in the making of the change must hold it up at the Set a little longer than ordinary, to delay its striking, whereby 'tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded; and because 'tis so held up, therefore 'tis said to make an Vp-change, or to move up: and on the contrary, the reason why the other note is said to move down, is, because he that rings it, pulls down the bell a little sooner than ordinary, to make it strike before the note which before it followed; and because 'tis so pulled down, therefore it is said to make a Down-change, or to move down. I will here give a short though certain rule to know when an Up-change or a Down-change is to be made: whensoever any note moves to strike behind the note wherewith it makes a change, it makes an up-change in doing it; and whensoever it moves to strike before the note, which 'tis to make a change with, it makes a down-change in doing it: so that every note which moves fromward the leading-note, makes an up-change; and when it moves toward the leading-note, it makes a down-change. I will here show the manner of making a change: admitting that a peal of five bells were raised to a sett-pull, which is the usual compass for ringing of changes; the notes are first supposed to strike in this order, 1 2 3 4 5. Now a change may be made betwixt any two notes that strike next each other; I will here make it betwixt the 3d. and 4th. which is to be done by moving them into each others places. Now 'tis observable, that before the making of the change, the 3d. note lies before the 4th. that is, it strikes next before the 4th; and the 4th. lies behind the 3d. that is, it strikes behind it: now in the making of the change, the 3d. must move to strike behind the 4th: wherein it makes an up-change; and the 4th. note at the same time must move to strike before the 3d. wherein it makes a down-change; the change being made, the bells will strike thus, 1 2 4 3 5. All changes whatsoever are made in the aforesaid manner: for as the 3d note made an up-change in moving to strike behind the 4th, and the 4th at the same time a down-change in moving to strike before the 3d; so in like manner the two notes that make every change, must in the making of it move the one up, and the other down, as the 3d and 4th here has done. The Learner may take notice, that in ringing terms 'tis not usual to say, that a bell makes an up-change, or a down-change; but in short, that it moves up or down, which implies the former. When a note makes an up-change, 'tis then said to move over the other note; and when it makes a down-change, to move under it: as in the next preceding example, where the 3d note is said to move up over the 4th, and the 4th down under the 3d, in which manner the terms over and under are given to the two notes that make every change. Observe. 5. In the time of ringing changes, two things are by the Practitioners to be well considered. First, to observe and readily to know, which two bells are always to make the next succeeding change: Secondly, if he is concerned therein, to consider what bell he is to follow in the making of it. Upon a right knowledge of these two things, depends the Practic part of this Art. To make him expert herein, he must before hand perfectly understand, and readily remember the course and method of the changes pricked with figures, wherein he ought to be so well skilled, as to be able to prick them down divers ways, that is, to make any figure a Hunt at pleasure; which when he can readily and speedily do, without pausing to consider of the course, then 'tis presumed that he understands the methods throughly. But yet he will not be capable to put them in practice, until he understands the manner of making a change in ringing; neither can he understand that, until he understands the precedency of the notes; nor the precedency, until he understands the places; nor the places, until he knows the notes one from another. Therefore the four preceding observations being first perfectly understood, and also the methods of the changes as before; the Practitioner may then successfully proceed in the ringing of changes; and as a further help therein I will here instruct him. There are three bells concerned in the making of every single change, except only when 'tis made behind, and then but two: whensoever the note of his bell is to make a change with any other note, his ear must then inform him whether it lies before or behind the other note; if it lies before, then in making the change it must move up behind it, that is, to follow it; and consequently, he must draw down his bell next after that which he makes a change with, which is called an up-change, as I said before. But if the note of his bell lies behind the other, then in making of the change it must move down to strike before it, and consequently he must draw down his bell next after that which the other before followed, this being a down-change. So that the making of an up-change is very easy, because he must always follow that bell which he makes a change with; but a down-change is more difficult, because he cannot so readily apprehend what bell he is to follow; yet there is a certain rule for it, which is this: to observe beforehand what note strikes the next but one before his, which bell he must follow in the making of the change. Whensoever the two notes, which strike next before his note, are to make a change; he must consider, that notwithstanding his note is to lie still in its place, yet he is concerned therein, because the bell which he followed before the making of the change, must in the making of it move away down, and therefore he must follow the bell that comes into its place. The changes are to be rung, either by walking them, as the term is; or else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By walking them, is meant, that the bells go round four, six, eight times or more in one change; which way is very proper for young Practitioners, to introduce them into a more ready way of Practice; for whilst the bells go round divers times in one change, they have in the mean time leisure to consider which two bells are to make the next following change, and also what bell each of them is to follow in the making of it; and so by diligence in practice they will by degrees acquire a more ready skill to enable them to ring at whole-pulls. Whole-pulls, is, when the bells go round at the fore-stroke and back-stroke in a change; and every time they are pulled down at Sally, a new change is made. Whole-pulls was the general practice in former times; and indeed, considering the manner of the hanging of the bells in those days, they could not well be rung at half-pulls: but since the improvement of the Art of Bell-hanging, that is, with round Wheels, trussing them up in the Stock, and placing the Roll at right Angles with the Sole of the Wheel; the bells go much better, and are managed with more ease at a Sett-pull than formerly: therefore the changes are now generally rung at half-pulls, that is, at the fore-stroke one change, at the back-stroke another, and so throughout. In ringing half-pulls, some peals of changes will cut compass, wherein the whole Hunt comes always to lead at the back-stroke; to prevent which, make the first change of the peal at the back-stroke. In plain and single changes on six bells, to hunt (that is, whole Hunt) the Triple, third, or fifth, down at the beginning of a peal cuts compass, unless prevented as before. Also to hunt the second, fourth, or sixth up at the beginning of a peal, cuts compass, unless prevented as before. Which rules, leaving out the Tenor, serves in like manner to prevent cutting compass on five bells. 'Tis convenient in ringing, to give notice of the extreme changes, and he that rings the slowest Hunt, may best do it. The manner of it is, to say Extreme, when the leading bell is pulling down, in order to make the change next before the extreme; by which means there will be one complete change betwixt the warning and the extreme: longer warning would be too much, and shorter too little. THE divers kinds of changes on Bells may be comprehended under two heads, viz. Plain Changes, and Cross Peals, which terms are comparatively given: for as the first are plain and easy only in comparison to the methods of the second; so consequently the second cross and intricate in comparison to the methods of the first. I will first show in what respect they differ, and then proceed to the methods. Plain changes (I mean complete peals) are such as have one universal method, wherein all the notes except three have a direct hunting course, moving gradually under each other in one plain and uniform order. But the methods of cross peals are various, each peal having a course differing from all others: and although most of them have Hunts, yet the Hunt's have different kinds of motions, and some very intricate. Moreover plain changes are also termed Single changes, because in the ringing of them there is only a single change made in the striking of all the notes once round either at fore-stroke or back-stroke; whereas in cross changes 'tis usual to make as many changes as the number of notes will permit. For example, supposing that a peal of 5 bells were raised, and rung at a Sett-pull; the notes are supposed to strike round in this order, 12345: now any two of the notes that strike next together may make a change, therefore either a single or a double change may be made at pleasure. The single change is made by changing only two notes; the double change is made by changing four notes, that is, two to make one change and two another, yet 'tis called one double change, and not two changes, in regard 'tis made in the striking of the five notes of the bells once round: as, admit the triple, second, third, and fourth, should make a change, 'tis thus to be done, 21435, where the Triple and Second made one change, and 3, 4 another; which we will imagine so be made at the fore-stroke of the bells, and therefore 'tis called one double change, and not two changes, because 'tis entirely made in the striking of the five notes once round. So that this one double change has effected that which would have required two single changes to have done the like. For instance, there can but two notes change their places at once in a single change, therefore the Triple and Second shall first change their places thus, 21345; then the third and fourth thus, 21435: so that here the five notes have gone twice round to effect that, which in the double change was done in going once round. And this is the nature of the difference between Plain and Cross changes. As the Learner ought to proceed regularly in his practice, beginning first with the plainest and easiest methods. I will therefore observe that order, and first show the course and methods of Plain changes. The Changes on two Bells. Two bells are capable to make only two changes, which is to be done by changing the notes twice, as in these figures.— 12 — 21 12 The Changes on three Bells. There are six changes on three bells; which are made by this rule: the two first and two last notes must be changed by turns. 123 First the two first notes, which are 12 thus. 213 The two last, which are 13, thus. 231 The two first 321 The two last 312 The two first 132 The two last 123 In these six changes 'tis observable, that the two first notes, which were 12, made the first change of the six; but they may as well be rung by beginning with the two last notes, which are 2, 3 thus 132 Next the two first notes, which are 13, thus, 312 The two last 321 The two first 231 The two last 213 The two first 123 The six changes can be rung no more than these two ways here set down. The Six changes are sometimes rung by observing a hunt therein, which is very improper, since every note has a like course. Yet I confess in demonstrating the methods on twelve, I did there admit a Hunt into the six changes; but that was only for demonstration sake. The complete peals of plain changes, from three to all greater numbers whatsoever, as the Twenty four changes on four, the Sixscore on five, the Seven hundred and twenty on six, etc. are pricked and rung by one method; all the notes having a hunting-motion, except only three in each peal, which three do make the six changes in the same manner as they are before pricked. So that the Six changes on three may be termed the basis or foundation of the complete peals on all greater numbers. Every Hunting note in each peal has a certain number of notes assigned, through which 'tis always to hunt. The term hunt is given to a note in respect of the manner of its motion, which I will show in this example. First, the notes of four bells are supposed to strike round in this order, 1234. The Treble shall be the Hunt, and the other three assigned or appointed for it to hunt through. Now whereas the Treble-note leads, it must move through its assigned number to strike behind them: and whereas every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next each other, as I have showed before in the 4th Observation; therefore the hunting-note is confined to move gradually through the rest by making a change with each note that strikes next to it; and accordingly it must first move into the 2d place, next into the 3d place, and lastly into the 4th. So that 'tis to make a change with every note that lies behindit; first with the 2d note, next with the 3d, and lastly with the 4th. 1234 The first change is thus 2134 The second thus 2314 The third thus 2341 The hunting note has here moved through its assigned number; for whereas at first it did lead, now it strikes behind them. Wherein 'tis observable, that it made up changes all the way; which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay behind it: and because it made up changes, therefore 'tis said to have hunted up. The hunting-note shall now move through its assigned number again, to lead as at first. Therefore first it must move into the 3d place, then into the second place, and lastly into the first place, which is called the Treble's place; in which motion it must make a change with each note that strikes next before it: first with the 4th note, next with the 3d, then with the 2d. The first change thus 2314 The second thus 2134 The third thus 1234 'Tis observable, that here the Triple made down-changes all the way, which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay before it: and because it made down-changes, therefore it is said to have hunted down. This is the manner of the motion of the hunting notes in all peals of plain changes; for they hunt up and down through their assigned number, as the 1 here has done. This example is plain and full to instruct the Learner in the hunting of any bell, therefore he ought to peruse it diligently, that he may understand the true scope and meaning of it; and as a help he may apply himself to practice by taking a Triple, and attempt to hunt it up and down as this Example directs; which he may the more readily do, if he understand the 5th Observation before set down, which guides him to make a change in ringing. So that partly by reading and well considering of what I have here wrote, and partly by practice, he may in a short time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note; which when he rightly apprehends, he will then presently be capable of understanding the following methods; and therefore I shall be the more brief in my directions to them. The Changes on four Bells. Twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells: 1234 but the Learner may first practise the twelve changes, and the eighteen changes. In the twelve changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another, which may be called the Twelve all over. First the treble-note must be hunted up, letter a 2134 2314 2341 ; then the second note must likewise hunt up, letter b 3241 3421 3412 ; next the third note must hunt up, letter c 4312 4132 4123 ; and lastly the 4th note also, letter (d) 1423 1243 1234 . The four notes may also hunt down one after another. First, the 4th note must hunt down to lead: then the 3d note likewise, and so the 2d and Triple one after another, which may be termed the Twelve all under. Courteous Reader, in my directions to the course of each peal, I do there refer by letters to the examples; which I am forced to do, to prevent those confused breaks, and unhandsome spaces, which otherwise would have happened both in examples and precepts. Whatever letter I mention in my directions, refers to the like at the figures. For instance; in my directions to the twelve changes next before, I there directed the treble-note to be first hunted up, letter a 2134 2314 2341 ; which letter refers to the the like letter at the first three changes of the twelve, where the Triple hunted up, as 'tis here again represented, and the like of the rest. In the Eighteen changes, the Treble is a hunting note, but never hunts up farther than the 3d place; and when it lies there, 1234 the two first notes must make a change; and every time it leads, the two hindmost notes. First it hunts up into the 3d place, letter a 2134 2314 ; the two first notes, which are 2. 3, make a change, letter b 3214 ; the Treble hunts down c 3121 1324 . The two hindmost notes make a change d 1342 , the Treble hunts up e 3142 3412 . The two first notes, which are 3.4, make a change f 4312 ; the Treble hunts down g 4132 1432 ; the two last notes, which are 3.2, make a change h 1423 , i 4123 4213 k 2413 l 2143 1243 m 1234 which method being continued, will bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes. The Eighteen changes may also be rung by hunting the 4th note down into the 2d place, and then a change to be made behind: the 4th note to be hunted up again into its own place, and then a change to be made before, which course being continued, will produce Eighteen changes. The Six changes on three are the ground of the Twenty four changes on four; for one of the four notes hath a constant hunting motion through the other three, in the same manner as in the preceding Example, pag. 50. and the three notes are to make the six changes in the same manner as I have before shown in the changes on three bells; one of the six changes being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three bells: therefore if the Learner do but rightly apprehend the course of the six changes, and also the manner of the motion of the hunting note, he will presently understand the method of the twenty four changes. The six changes in the twenty four, according to the terms of ringing are called Extreme changes, and the three bells which makes them, Extreme bells. So that in the twenty four changes, there is a hunt and three extreme bells. Every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extreme bells, an extreme change must then be made. The extreme changes may be made two ways, viz. either betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest extreme bells to it. 1234 In this Example every extreme change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from the hunt, and the treble shall be the hunting note, which must first hunt up a 2134 2314 2341 ; then the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extreme change b 3241 . The Treble must hunt down c 3214 3124 1324 . The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extreme change d 1342 . The treble must hunt up e 3142 3412 3421 ; the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extreme change f 4321 . The treble-note must hunt down g 4312 4132 1432 . The two farthest extreme bells from the hunt, which are 3.2, must make an extreme change h 1423 . The treble must hunt up i 4123 4213 4231 . The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 4.2, must make an extreme change k 2431 . The treble must hunt down l 2413 2143 1243 . The two farthest extreme bells, which are 4.3, must make an extreme change m 1234 , which concludes the peal. Now the Learner for his satisfaction may take out the extreme changes in the same order as they were made, as first at b 3241 , then d 1342 , and so f 4321 . h 1423 . k 2431 . m 1234 . and they will stand as they are here set down; 3241 1342 4321 1423 2431 1234 where 'tis evident, that 2.3.4 have made the six changes according to the method of the first six changes on three bells, before set down, (pag. 48.) where the first change of that six was 213, and this being 324, is the same in course though the figures differ, and the rest of the changes in this six, are likewise the same in course and method with those. In the preceding twenty four changes, every extreme change was made betwixt the two furthest extreme bells from the hunt. I will therefore here set down an example, where they shall be made between the two nearest bells to it. First, 1234 the triple hunts up a 2134 2314 2341 . The two next notes to the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extreme change b 2431 . The Treble must hunt down c 2413 2143 1243 . The two nearest notes to the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extreme change d 1423 . The Treble hunts up e 4123 4213 4231 . The two nearest extreme bells to the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extreme change f 4321 . The Treble hunts down g 4312 4132 1432 . The two next extreme bells to the hunt, which are 4.3, must make a change h 1342 . And the like extreme changes being made as at k 3241 and m 1234 , i 3142 3412 3421 concludes the peal. The six extreme changes, viz. ( b 2431 . d 1423 . f 4321 . h 1342 . k 3241 . and m 1234 .) being set down by themselves, l 3214 3124 1324 will stand in this order, as here you see; where 'tis plain, that 2 3 4 have made the six changes, according to the method of the last six changes on three bells, pag. 49. 2431 1423 4321 1342 3241 1234 where the first change of that six is made between the last two notes thus, 1 3 2. So in like manner is the first here thus, 243, which is the same method with that, though not the same figures. So that the making of the extreme changes two ways in the twenty four, proceeds from the two ways of making the six changes on three bells. This last way of making the extreme changes, may, for distinction from the other way, be called mediums; which term is very proper, in regard that the two middlemost of the four notes do always make the extreme change. The extreme changes in one peal must all be made alike, that is, either betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest notes to it; but the most usual way is to make them between the two farthest. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may be either up or down. The twenty four changes may be rung sixteen ways according to the aforesaid method, yet the changes in each are still one and the same; but by making each note a hunt, and moving it either up or down at the beginning, 2d. down. 3d. up 4. up. 1234 1234 1234 3134 1243 2134 2143 2143 2143 1243 2134 2413 1423 2314 4213 1432 3214 4231 4132 3241 2431 4123 2341 2341 4213 2431 2314 2413 2413 3214 2431 4213 3241 4231 4231 3421 4321 4321 4321 4312 3421 4312 3412 3412 3412 3421 4312 3142 3241 4132 3124 2341 4123 1324 2314 1423 1342 3214 1432 1432 3124 1342 4132 3142 3142 4123 1342 3124 1423 1324 1324 1243 1234 1234 1234 and also by making the extreme changes two ways, the course of the changes will be so altered, that the same changes shall not come all along together in any two of those sixteen ways. With the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways; for the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal; then in its motion either way the extreme changes may be made two ways, as before: so that to make each note a hunt, and with each hunt to ring it four ways makes sixteen in the whole. Wherein 'tis observable, that the treble-note cannot be moved down at first, nor the 4th up; therefore an extreme change must first be made, which is as effectual as if either note had moved at first. I have here pricked the twenty four changes three ways, wherein the extreme changes are all made betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt. The Changes on five Bells. There are sixscore changes to be rung on five bells; but the Learner may first practise some shorter peals, as the Ten changes, the twelve, the Fourteen, the Twenty all over, the Twenty with one hunt, and the Forty eight. In the Ten changes the treble must first hunt up a 21345 23145 23415 23451 ; 12345 the 2.3 must make a change b 32451 . The treble must hunt down again c 32415 32145 31245 13245 ; the 3.2 must make another change d 12345 . The ten changes may also be rung by hunting down the 5 to lead; then 3.4 to make a change; the 5 to be hunted up again, and the 4. 3 to make another change. In the Twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place, 12345 than the two first notes make a change; the treble hunts down again, than the two hindmost notes make a change. First the treble hunts into the 3d place a 21345 23145 ; the two first notes 2.3 make a change b 32145 . The treble hunts down c 31245 13245 ; the two last notes make a change d 13254 ; the treble hunts up e 31254 32154 ; the two first notes make a change f 23154 ; the treble hunts down g 21354 12354 ; the two last notes make another change h 12345 . In the Fourteen changes, the triple first hunts up behind; then the 5 hunts down to lead; the triple than hunts down again into its own place; and the fifth also hunts up into its own place. The Twenty all over are rung in the same manner as the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer. In the Twenty changes with one hunt, the hunting note continually hunts up and down through the other notes, and every time it lies either before or behind them, an extreme change must be made betwixt the two farthest notes from it. 12345 The treble shall be the hunt, and first hunteth up a 21345 23145 23415 23451 . An extreme change is made b 32451 ; the treble hunts down c 32415 32145 31245 13245 ; an extreme change is made d 13254 ; which course must be continued to the end. The extreme changes may also be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, yet still observing to make the extremes as before. In the forty eight changes, 12345 the 5th and 4th are both hunts, and 1 2 3 do make the six changes; the 5.4 do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, than one of the six changes is made. First the 5 hunts down a 12354 12534 ; one of the six changes is made b 15234 51234 52134 ; the 5 hunts up into its own place c 25134 21534 21354 21345 ; the 4 hunts down d 21435 24135 42135 ; another of the six changes is made e 42315 ; then the 4 must hunt up, and the 5 down again, etc. which course must be continued to the end. In the Sixscore changes, four of the notes do make the Twenty four changes, and the fifth note hunts continually through them: so that the course and method of the Sixscore is in effect the same with that of the Four and twenty. For as the Four and twenty comprehended the Six changes on three; so in like manner the Sixscore comprehend the Four and twenty changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore in the Sixscore there must be two hunts and three extreme bells; one of the hunts is termed the whole-hunt, and the other the half-hunt, The three extreme bells do make the Six changes in the same manner as they were made before in the Four and twenty changes upon four bells, and are here also called Extreme changes: the half-hunt and three extreme bells do make the Four and twenty changes in the same manner as the Four and twenty changes on four bells were likewise made: and the whole hunt continually hunts through those four bells, and every time it either leads or lies behind them, one change must then be made in the twenty four. 1 shall here be the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, 12345 and 3 4 5 extreme bells: so that 2 3 4 5 must make the four and twenty changes. Every extreme change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from the half-hunt. First, the triple hunts up a 21345 23145 23415 23451 . One of the twenty four changes must now be made; and therefore 2 which is the hunt in the twenty four, must begin its motion through the extreme bells b 32451 . The treble hunts down c 32415 32145 31245 13245 ; the half-hunt must proceed in its course d 13425 ; the whole-hunt hunts up e 31425 34125 34215 34251 ; The half-hunt proceeds forward f 34521 ; the whole-hunt moves down g 34512 34152 31452 13452 . The half-hunt should now proceed, but having finished its course through the extreme bells, therefore an extreme change must now be made betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from it, which are 3.4. h 14352 . The treble must hunt up i 41352 43152 43512 43521 ; the half-hunt must now begin its course again through the extreme bells k 43251 ; triple hunts down l 43215 43125 41325 14325 ; the half-hunt proceeds in its course down m 14235 ; treble hunts up n 41235 42135 42315 42351 ; the half-hunt proceeds in its course down o 24351 ; treble hunts down p 24315 24135 21435 12435 ; the half-hunt having finished its course, therefore an extreme change must be made betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from it, which are 3.5 q 12453 . The treble hunts up r 21453 24153 24513 24531 . The half-hunt gins its motion again through the extreme bells, and first it moves up over 4th s 42531 . The whole hunt moves down t 42513 42153 41253 14253 ; the half-hunt must proceed in its course, w 41523 45123 45213 45231 and therefore must move over another note v 14523 x 45321 . And this method being observed, will produce sixscore changes, y 45312 45132 41532 14532 and then the bells will in course come round. Now 'tis observable, that the changes at b 32451 d 13425 f 34521 h 14352 k 43251 m 14235 o 24351 q 12453 s 42531 v 14523 x 45321 and z 15432 , being set down by themselves, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on 2345 to be set directly under one another in the same successive order as they were made, it will thereby appear, that those four figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four, according to the method of the first twenty four changes on four bells before set down. And whereas here are just half the sixscore changes pricked down, so likewise here are just half the four and twenty changes made therein: and the remaining part of this sixcore being likewise pricked, the remaining part of this four and twenty would also appear therein, which part being added to the former twelve, would make up the twenty four changes complete; and the method of them the same in all respects with the first twenty four changes on four bells, pag. Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may either be up or down. Any note may also be made a half-hunt, and its first motion likewise up or down at pleasure; yet still observing that the half-hunt and three extreme bells must make the twenty four changes, as in this last example. So that in the sixscore changes the Learner may observe, that the three extreme bells are always assigned for the half-hunt to hunt through; and the half-hunt and three extreme bells are also assigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through: so that the whole-hunt always hunts through four notes, and the half-hunt through three. The extreme changes may be made two ways; first, betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from the half-hunt, as in this last example: secondly, betwixt the two next extreme bells to the half-hunt, which may be called mediums, for distinction from the former. But the most usual and easiest way, is to make them betwixt the two farthest notes from the half-hunt. Whereas the triple or fifth being made whole-hunts, the first of them can neither be moved down, nor the last up, at the beginning of a peal; therefore one of the twenty four changes must first be made, which is as effectual, as if the treble had moved down, or the 5th up. The Learner may observe, that two of the four and twenty changes are never made together in any sixscore, but as soon as one is made, the whole-hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made. The sixscore changes may be rung one hundred and sixty ways, which are thus demonstrable. There are five times four figures to be produced out of five, and not twice four the same figures: as 1234. 1235. 1245. 1345. 2345. with each four the twenty four changes may be pricked sixteen ways, as before I have showed on four bells; so that here will be five times sixteen four and twenties, which amount to eighty, and not two alike. Now to each four add the fifth figure which is wanting, as to 1234 add 5, to 1235 add 4, to 1245 add 3, to 1345 add 2, to 2345 add 1, and every fifth figure being hunted through the sixteen four and twenties, which the other four make, as the 5 through the sixteen four and twenties which the 1234 make, and the like of the rest, will produce as many sixscores as there were four and twenties, that is, 80. Then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each four and twenty, that is, up and down at the beginning, which doubles the former number, and makes 160 in the whole. Treble up, fifth down. 12345 — 21345 23145 23415 23451 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 Extre 15243 51243 52143 52413 52431 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 Extre. 14235 — 14253 14523 — 15423 Extre 15432 — 14532 14352 — 14325 Extre. 13425 — 13452 13542 — 15342 Extre. 15324 — 13524 13254 — 13245 Extre. 12345 Treble up, fourth down. 12345 — 21345 23145 23415 23451 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 14235 41235 42135 42315 42351 Extre. 42531 42513 42153 41253 14253 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 Extre. 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 15243 — 15423 14523 — 14532 15432 — 15342 15324 — 13524 13542 — 13452 14352 — 14325 13425 — 13245 13254 — 12354 12345 — Second down, fourth up. 12345 — 21345 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 Extre. 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23145 32145 31245 31425 31452 34152 34125 34215 32415 23415 24315 42315 43215 43125 43152 Extre. 43512 43521 43251 42351 24351 23451 32451 34251 34521 34512 35412 35421 35241 32541 23541 23514 32514 35214 35124 35142 Extre. 53142 53124 53214 52314 25314 25341 52341 53241 etc. In ringing terms the hunts are named in short, as in the peals here pricked. The first which is named is here understood to be the whole-hunt, and the last the half-hunt. For instance, Treble is the whole-hunt, and fifth the half-hunt; and triple is the whole-hunt, and fourth the half-hunt, etc. The Changes on six Bells. THere are seven hundred and twenty changes to be rung on six bells. But the Learner may first practise some shorter peals. The twenty four changes are thus rung. The treble must continually hunt through the rest of the notes, and every time it leads or lies behind them, 123456 an extreme change must then be made between the two farthest notes from it. The treble hunts up a 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 . A change is made betwixt the two farthest notes from it, which are 2.3 b 324561 . The treble hunts down c 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 . An extreme change is made betwixt 5.6 d 132465 , which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and the extreme changes may as well be made betwixt the two nearest notes to the hunt. The Thirty-all-over are rung according to the method of the Twelve-all-over upon four bells, to which I refer. The thirty six changes are thus rung. 123459 The treble hunts up into the third place, and then the two first notes make a change. The treble hunts down again to lead, and then the two notes in the 3d and 4th places do make a change, e 314256 341256 except the 2 lies next the triple, f 431256 and then the two hindmost notes. The treble hunts up a 213456 231456 g 413256 143256 . The two first notes make a change b 321456 . h 142356 . The treble hunts down c 212456 132456 i 412356 421356 ; the 2.4 make a change d 134256 k 241356 . In which manner the changes are to be made until the triple leads, l 214356 124356 m 124365 etc. and the 2 (which may be termed the half-hunt) lies next it, and then the extreme change is made behind, as in the last change of this example, there being but two of these changes in the peal. In the Twelvescore long-hunts, (otherwise called the Esquire's twelvescore) the 6th and 5th are hunts, and 1234 do make the twenty four changes. The 6th and 5th do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, one of the twenty four changes must then be made. The course and method of this is the same with that of the forty eight changes on five bells, to which I refer the Learner. In the Sevenscore and four, the triple and tenor are both hunts; and 2345 do make the twenty four changes, 123456 2 being the hunt therein. The triple and tenor do both hunt at one and the same time, the one up, and the other down, crossing each others course; and when one of them leads, the other always lies behind; at which time one of the twenty four changes must be made. The extreme changes in this peal are made in the same manner as before I have showed upon four bells. The treble hunts up, and the tenor down a 213465 231645 236145 263415 623451 . One of the twenty four changes is made b 632451 . The treble hunts down, and the tenor up c 362415 326145 321645 312465 132456 . Another of the twenty four changes is made d 134256 . The treble hunts up, and the tenor down e 314265 341625 346125 364215 634251 , etc. which method must be observed to the end. f 634521 etc. In the sixscore changes there is a whole-hunt, a half-hunt, and four extreme hells. The half-hunt and four extreme bells do make the twenty changes in the same manner as the twenty changes were made upon five bells with one hunt. pag. 61. The whole hunt hath a continual motion through the other five notes, and every time it leads and lies behind them, one of the twenty changes must then be made. In this example, treble is the whole hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 3456 extreme bells; therefore 23456 must make the twenty changes wherein 2 is the hunt, and every time it lies either before the four extreme bells, or behind them, an extreme change must then be made, which here shall be betwixt the two sarthest extreme bells from the half-hunt. 123456 The treble hunts up a 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 . One of the twenty changes must now be made, therefore 2 being the hunt in it, must begin its course through the extreme bells b 324561 . The treble hunts down c 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 ; The half-hunt proceeds forward d 134256 ; the treble hunts up e 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 ; the half-hunt proceeds forward in its course f 345261 ; the treble hunts down g 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 ; the 2 proceeds forward h 134562 ; the treble hunts up i 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 ; the half-hunt should now proceed forward, but its course through the extreme bells being finished, therefore an extreme change must be made betwixt 3.4, which are the two farthest extreme bells from it, k 435621 . The treble must hunt down l 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 ; the half-hunt must now go its course again through the extreme bells, and firsteit moves down under the 6th, m 143526 etc. etc. which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, or a half-hunt also. And the extreme changes may be made betwixt the two nearest extreme notes to the half-hunt; but withal observing to make all the extremes in one peal alike. There are four extreme changes in each peal, and thirty changes distance from one to another. The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an absolute dependency upon the method of the Sixfcore changes on five bells; for five of the notes are to make the sixscore changes, and the sixth note hunts continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one of the Sixscore changes must then be made. The method of the Seven hundred and Twenty is in effect the same with that of the Sixscore: for as the Sixscore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on three; so likewise the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixscore changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore here must be three Hunts, and three Extreme bells: the three Hunt's are thus distinguished; one of them is called the whole-hunt, another the half-hunt, and the other the quarter-hunt. The Half-hunt, Quarter-hunt, and three Extreme bells, are to make the Sixscore changes; the Quarter-hunt and three Extreme bells are to make the Twenty four changes, and the three Extreme bells are to make the six changes, which are here also called extreme changes, and made in the same manner as before I have showed upon four bells. In this example here pricked, triple is the whole-hunt, 2d the half-hunt, 3d the quarter-hunt, and 4 5 6 extreme bells. Now 'tis observable, that 4 5 6 are to make the six extreme changes, which will divide the seven hundred and twenty into six equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are to make the twenty four changes, wherein the 3d is the hunt, (but in the seven hundred and twenty 'tis called the quarter-hunt;) and and 2 3 4 5 6 are to make the sixscore changes, wherein the 2d is the whole-hunt (though in the 720 'tis called the half-hunt,) by which 'tis evident, that the triple continually hunts through these five 2 3 4 5 6, the 2d through the four 3 4 5 6, and the 3d through these three 4 5 6; which are assigned for the respective hunts to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal. First the treble hunts up a 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 Now one of the sixscore changes must be made, therefore the 2d being the hunt in the sixscore, must begin its course through the other four notes b 324561 . The treble hunts down c 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 ; the 2d proceeds in its course d 134256 . the treble hunts up e 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 . The 2d proceedeth forward in its course f 345261 ; the treble hunts down g 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 ; the 2d proceeds forward h 134562 ; the the treble hunts up i 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 ; the 2d, which is the half-hunt, should now proceed forward, but having finished its course through the four bells, therefore the 3d, which is the quarter-hunt, must begin its motion through the extreme bells k 435621 . The treble hunts down l 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 . The half-hunt must now begin its course again through the four bells, and first therefore it moves down under the 6 m 143526 . The treble must hunt up again, and then the 2d must move down under another bell, which method must be observed until the 2d has moved quite down through the four bells again, and then the 3d must proceed forward by moving over another of the extreme bells; which method must be observed in the motion of the three hunts, until the quarter-hunt hath moved up behind the extreme bells, and then the whole and half-hunts, having gone their course again through the bells, an extreme change must be made: after which the whole, half, and quarter-hunts proceed again in their course as before. 123456 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 h 324561 324156 324156 321456 312456 132456 h 134256 314256 341256 342156 342516 312561 h 345261 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 h 174562 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 q 435621 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 h 143526 413526 431526 435126 435216 435261 h 432561 432516 432156 431256 413256 143256 h 142356 412356 423156 423516 423561 243561 243516 243156 241356 214356 124536 q 124536 214536 241536 245136 245316 245361 h 425361 425316 425136 421536 412536 142536 h 145236 415236 451236 452136 452316 452361 h 453261 453216 453126 451326 415326 145326 h 145362 415362 451362 453162 453612 453621 q 456321 456312 456132 451632 415632 145632 h 145623 415623 451623 456123 456213 456231 452631 452613 452163 451263 415263 145263 h 142563 412563 421563 425163 425613 425631 h 245631 245613 245163 241563 214563 124563 Extreme. 125463 The letter h standing by the figures signifies half-hunt, that is, the motion of the half-hunt in that change; and likewisc q the quarter-hunt. Here are the first sixscore changes of a seven hundred and twenty; wherein 'tis observable, that all the changes at h and q, being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly under one another, and the extreme change at last, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a sixscore, according to the method of the example on five bells, pag. 63. with this only difference, these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike course, the 2d and 3d going the same course in this, as the triple and 2d did in that. Now whereas the sixscore changes here pricked down are a sixth part of the seven hundred and twenty; so likewise are the twenty changes, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the sixscore: and then consequently, the seven hundred and twenty changes being all pricked, the sixscore changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this sixscore. Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method of the sixscore changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any hunts, the second extreme change being made between the two bells which made the first extreme, will always bring the bells round at the end of the twelvescore. But after twelvescore are made, they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720. The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the sixscore changes may be pricked one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have showed on five bells. Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several sixscores which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the 160 several sixscores which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160 several sixscores, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce as many seven hundred and twenties as there are sixscores, that is, six times one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each sixscore, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole. AN INTRODUCTION to the Knowledge of CROSS PEALS. THese Peals are termed cross in respect of their intricate methods; wherein several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or cross each other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the complete number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720 etc. yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only basis on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, by which the course of the peal is steered; which note is termed a Hunt, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is termed one complete Course. Some peals upon five bells, as old Doubles, etc. consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as London Paradox, etc. consist of double Courses; there being twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, viz. twelve changes in every single Course, as in Grandsire Bob etc. and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in College Bob, etc. the change wherein the Hunt leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easy than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three respects. First, in the motion of the Hunt; secondly, in the motion of the rest of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I shall show in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein 'tis observable, First Course 2d Course 3d Course 12345 13524 15432 21354 31542 51423 23145 35124 54132 32415 53214 45312 23451 35241 54321 32541 53421 45231 23514 35412 54213 32154 53142 45123 31245 51324 41532 13257 15342 14523 13524 15432 14253 that the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again it the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intent. So that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course. First therefore, as to the motion of the bunt, the 1 which is the hunt moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then down again to lead, where it lieth also twice; as appears in each of these three Courses, and the like also throughout the peal. Secondly, as the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th bells move through the first Course, so the bells that lie in the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th places in the last change of every course, moves in the same manner also through the next following course. For instance; first, for the bell in the 2d place: in the first course the 2d bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then dodges until the treble comes down to it. So likewise in the second course, the 3d bell lying in the 2d place moves down to lead, where it lies twice, and then dodges until triple comes down to it; and also in the third course, the 5th bell lying in the 2d place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice, and dodgeth until the treble moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the 3d place. In the first course the 3d bell moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the treble comes down to it: so likewise in the second course the 5th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the treble comes down to it: and also in the 3d course the 4th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the treble comes down to it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the first course, the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; so likewise in the second course, the 2d bell lying in the 4th place moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; and also in the third course the 3d bell lying in the 4th place, moveth therefore up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And such uniform motion also hath the bell in the 5th place through every course. Thirdly, that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike, will here also plainly appear in the three courses. For the first change of every course is made on the two first and two last bells; the second change of every course is made on the four last; the the third is made on the four first; the fourth on the two first and two last; the fifth on the four first; the sixth on the two first and two last; the seventh on the four first; the eighth on the four last; the ninth on the two first and two last; and the tenth single. And thus in every Cross-peal the Courses do all agree, first in the motion of the Hunt, secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes, and thirdly in the making of the changes, as before I have showed. So that these three things being well observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them; the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of them, and the first and second the ringing of them. Therefore if the Practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of a peal, wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt, (which a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to the making of Extremes and Bob-changes) he may easily prick down all the following Courses of the same peal: and therefore in the following peals I have only pricked down two or three of the first courses for an example, and then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are some few Cambridg-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courses of each peal do not agree in the aforesaid three respects: For although as to the motion of the whole-hunt they do, yet in the motion of the rest of the notes, and consequently in the making of the changes they do not. It being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross hunts, that is, to make the 2d, 3d, 4th, etc. whole-hunts, I will therefore set down a general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each Peal, wherein consists the great difficulty. In any Cross peal the whole-hunt may move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the whole-hunt in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion of any cross hunt, and consequently of making the first changes in that peal. For Example, admit the 4th were made the whole-hunt in the peal called Old doubles and singles upon five bells, and to hunt up at first: now to know how to make the first changes, observe how the change is made wherein the triple (which is there the whole-hunt) moves up out of the 4th place, and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the 4th bell also moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the triple moves up out of the 4th place is a single behind; so likewise must the change wherein the 4th bell moves up out of that place, be also a single behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the triple lieth still behind is double of the four first bells; so likewise the next change wherein the 4th bell lieth still behind, must also be made on the four first, thus, 21534, etc. Or admit the 4th were to hunt down at the beginning, then observe how the change is made wherein the triple hunts down out of the 4th place, and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the 4th hunts also down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the triple hunts down out of the 4th place, is double of the four first bells; so likewise must the change wherein the 4th bell hunts down out of that place, be also double of the four first thus, 21435; then as the treble makes a single when it moves down out of the 3d place, so likewise must the 4th next make a single change in moving down out of the 3d place thus 24135, etc. which observations will guide the making of the first changes in in any cross peal with any Hunts; but observe whensoever the first change of any peal hapens to be single, it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting compass; and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way observe, that all the following peals are so pricked, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the first change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke, the single changes in each peal will always be made at the back-stroke; and also the double changes in Triples and Doubles, excepting some few Single in two or three peals. But when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke, then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change. In such peals on five bells where singles are made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the extremes may there be made three ways in each peal; viz. every time the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt; secondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, and also behind: in this last way there are six extremes in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the extremes being always made when the whole-hunt leads, and betwixt the two farthest extreme bells from the half-hunt. In such peals upon five bells wherein there are three extremes, and made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt; the rest of the singles at the leadings of the whole-hunt may be made two ways in each peal, viz. either in the 2d and 3d, or the 4th and 5th places; if they are made in the 2d and 3d, than the extremes must be made when the half-hunt lieth behind; but if the singles are made behind, than the extremes must be made when the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, the extremes being always made between the two next extreme bells to the half-hunt. In all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title of the peal, are the hunts in the peal there pricked: for instance, in the first cross-peal upon five bells called Old doubles and singles, the two figures standing thus 1 and 2, are the hunts in that peal; 1 is the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and the like of the rest. All peals of doubles upon five bells, which go sixty changes complete without any single, by making of two extremes they will go 120. And also all peals of doubles upon six bells, and triples and doubles upon six, which go 360 changes without any single or extreme, by making of two extremes they will go 720. The extremes in all these complete peals proceeding from one and the same cause, are therefore to be made after one manner, according to this general and infallible rule: Wheresoever any two of the extreme bells are in course to make a change, those two bells by lying still will effectually make the extreme. So that the making of the extreme in doubles upon five bells, necessitates the making of a single change at the same time, by reason that the two extreme bells which should contribute to the making of the double change, do lie still; so that the single change is accidental, and very improperly called the extreme. When the extremes in triples and doubles upon six bells are made at double changes, than there happens two singles in the peal; but when they are made at triple changes, than those two changes will become double, and consequently the 720 will then go complete without any single. Upon five bells the first extreme must be made within sixty changes from the beginning, and the second extreme just sixty changes from the first. Upon six bells the first extreme must be made within 360 changes from the beginning, and the second extreme just 360 changes from the first. The easiest way in practice, is to make the extremes at the leadings of the whole-hunt; wherein it may be observed as a general rule, That in all peals upon six bells, where the half-hunt dodgeth behind at the bobs, there the first extreme may be made either the first, second, or third time: the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, and then the second extreme must be made the third time those two bells dodg again together behind, after the first extreme is made. And also in all such peals upon six bells, where the doubles at the leadings of the whole-hunt are made on the four middle bells, there the first extreme may be made either the first, second, or third time the half and quarter-hunts do make a change in the 2d and 3d places, and then the 2d extreme must be made the third time those two bells come there again to make a change after the first extreme is made. The singles at all these extremes must be made by the half and quarter-hunt. The first extreme in any peal may also be made at any place, where two of the extreme bells are in course to make a change according to the preceding general rule; and then the making of the second extreme may be guided by observations taken from the changes at the leadings of the whole-hunt: for at the leadings of the whole-hunt the half and quarter-hunts always come together to make a change in one place, just at 120 changes distance from one another throughout each peal. Now as the second extreme must be made just 360 changes from the first, so the making of it may thus be guided: Look how many changes, or else how many leadings of the whole-hunt the first extreme is made after the half and quarter-hunts have made a change together, so many changes or leadings of the whole-hunt must the second extreme be made, after the third following time that those two bells do make a change in the same place again. And likewise in all peals, where there are single and double bobs, the same observations will also hold good, in making the extremes either after the single or double bobs as before; there being likewise 120 changes distance between the single bobs and also between the double bobs: so that if the first extreme is made at a single bob, the second must then be made at the third following single bob, and the like also at double bobs. And such kind of observations, according to the nature of the peal, will guide the making of the second extreme in any peal, either upon five or six bells. Wherein 'tis observable, that the second extreme must always be made by the same two bells, and in the same place where the first was made, which two bells will in course lie apt for that purpose; and the rest of the bells will also in course lie in the same places at the second extreme where they lay at the first. After the making of the first extreme, the method of the peal goeth on as if no extreme had been made; and also after the making of the second extreme if any remaineth, it also goes on, until in course the bells come round. In all complete peals of doubles upon six bells there may also movable extremes be made, which are made according to this rule; wheresoever any two of the extreme bells are together, and in course to lie still, those two bells by making a change will thereby make the extreme, which is as effectual as the fixed extreme, the reason and ground of both being one and the same. There are also two of these extremes in each peal, and the second always made 360 changes from the first, and the making of it guided by such kind of observations as before. When movable extremes are made, then there will be two triple changes in the 720; but when fixed extremes are made, than two singles. The art of cross-pricking may receive a being from this consideration. As every complete peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the complete peals on all lesser numbers; so likewise every complete cross-peal must of necessity do the like, although their cross course permits it not to be done so regularly and demonstrably as the former. From whence may be inferred, that every note in a cross-peal must of necessity lie as many times in one place, as the rest of the notes are capable of making changes; and also that two or more of the notes must jointly lie in the same places as many times, as the remaining number are also capable of making changes: this being a certain touchstone to prove all cross-peals after they are pricked, and must be held as a principle on which to ground such methods of pricking, that the course of all the notes may demonstrably tend to produce those effects. And from hence it is, that the whole hunt immediately derives the manner of its uniform motion through the courses of each peal. And the changes in every course are as so many guides to conduct the rest of the notes in such sort, that they may be prepared to lie at the last change of the course in apt places for each succeeding course to receive them, and to perform the like. Now as the changes in all the courses of a peal are made alike, except as before; so in the composing of cross-peals, by pricking of one course may soon be discovered, whether or no a complete Peal will from thence arise. Cross Peals. The Twenty four, Doubles and Singles on four Bells. THis peal consists equally of double and single changes; 1234 2143 2413 4231 4321 3412 3142 1324 one change is double, the next single, and so throughout. 1 is here the hunt, and 2.3.4 extreme bells. Every double change is made on the two first and two last bells, and every single on the two middle bells, except when and 1 leads, and then behind which is called extreme. All the bells have a direct Hunting-course up and down until 1 leads, and then the bell in the second place lieth still, whilst the two hind-bells make a dodg; which being made, all the bells proceed again in their Hunting course. The three changes of ( a 1342 3124 3214 2341 2431 4213 4123 1432 b 1423 4132 4312 3421 3241 2314 2134 1243 c 1234 ) are the three extreme changes. There are three ways to make the extreme changes. First, every time the hunt leads, as in the peal here pricked; secondly, every time it lies behind; thirdly, every time it leads and lies behind: in this last way there are six extreme changes in the peal, but in the other two ways, only three extremes; the extreme changes must always be made betwixt the two farthest bells from the hunt. Any bell may hunt at pleasure, and it may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal. If the 1 or 3d do hunt down, or the 2d or 4th up at the beginning, the first change must be single, and made of the back-stroke (if 'tis rung at half-pulls) to prevent cutting compass; but if either of those bells do hunt the contrary way, than the first change must be double. Old Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2. ONE change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes. Every double change is on the four first bells, and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every single change, except when it leads, and then the single is in the 3d and 4th places; but when 2 lies next the triple, than the single is behind, which is called extreme. Every time the triple leaves leading, the two first bells continue slow dodging, until the treble comes down and displaceth them. And when the triple moves down out of the 5th place, 12345 21435 24135 42315 42351 24531 24513 42153 41253 14523 14253 41523 45123 54213 54231 45321 45312 54132 51432 15342 15432 13254 13524 12435 Extre. 12453 15324 15234 13452 13542 14235 14325 12543 Extre. 12534 13425 13245 14532 14352 15243 15423 12354 Extre. 12345 the bell that comes into it lies still there, until the treble comes thither again, except when the extreme change is made behind. Every bell lies twice together in the 3d and 4th places, except when the triple leads, and also when it hinders them in hunting. This old peal may be rung by a new course, which differs from the former only in the single changes that are made every time the whole-hunt leads, viz. every single may be made either in the 2d and 3d, or 4th and 5th places. If they are made in the 2d and 3d, than the extremes must be made when the half-hunt lies behind; but if they are made in the 4th and 5th places, than the extremes must be made when the half-hunt lies next the whole-hunt, the extremes being always made in the 3d and 4th places. London Paradox. 1 and 2. ONE change is double, 12345 21435 24135 21453 24153 42513 45213 42531 45231 54321 53421 54312 53412 35142 31542 35124 31524 13254 13524 15342 15432 14523 14253 12435 Extre. 12453 14235 14325 13452 13542 15324 15234 12543 Extre. 15243 15423 14532 14352 13425 13245 12354 Extre. 12345 the next single, and so by turns. The motion of the treble is after this manner; in hunting up, first, it makes a dodg in the 2d and 3d places, than it lies twice in the 4th place, and four times behind; in which manner also it hunts down again, and then leads four times. The rest of the bells have a like course and motion with that of the triple, until the triple leads. Now 'tis observable, that every single change is made in the 2d and 3d places until the triple leads, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but when 2 lies next the triple, than an extreme behind. The changes at the leadings of the whole-hunt have an absolute dependency upon the course of the twenty four changes, doubles and singles upon four bells-; and the extremes to be made as many ways as in that peal, which are here guided by the motion of the half-hunt. Phoenix' 5 and 4. ONE change is double, 12345 21354 23154 32513 35214 53241 52341 25431 24531 42513 45213 54123 51423 15432 14532 41352 43152 34125 34215 43125 41325 the next single, and so by turns. Every bell leads twice, and lies behind four times. Every single is made in the 2d and 3d places, until the 5th comes behind, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 4th leads, (the 5th being behind) the single is in the 2d and 3d places. London pleasure. 1 and 2. THis peal in the former printing of it was pricked another way, but I have here transposed that Course, which in my opinion renders it more easy and practical. 12345 21345 23145 32145 31245 31425 34125 34215 34251 32451 32415 23415 23451 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 31542 31524 31254 32154 32514 32541 35241 35214 35124 35142 35412 35421 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 15324 15234 12534 12543 15243 15423 15432 14532 14523 14253 12453 12435 14235 14325 14352 13452 13425 13245 12345 Mr. tendering 's Peal, called Grand Paradox. 1 and 5. ONE change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The motion of the whole-hunt is after this manner: first, it moves up into the 2d and 3d places, lying twice in each; than it moves up and makes a dodg behind, and then lieth still one change in the 5th place; than it makes another dodg behind, and so moves down into the 3d and 2d places lying twice in each as before, and then leads four times. Every other bell hath a like course and motion with that of the triple until the leadings of the triple, and then observe, that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double change is made on the two first and two last bells, ercept when it goeth to lead if the half-hunt lies next it, and then not. Every bell leads four times, and every single is made behind. The change wherein each bell leaves leading, is always made on the four first bells, except as before. 12345 21354 21345 23154 23145 32415 32451 34215 34251 43521 43512 45321 45312 54132 54123 51432 51423 15243 15234 12543 12534 21543 21534 25143 25134 52314 52341 53214 53241 35421 35412 34521 34512 43152 43125 41352 41325 14352 14325 13452 13425 15324 15342 13524 13542 12453 12435 14253 14235 15432 15423 14532 14523 13254 23245 12354 12345 What you please, Doubles and Singles. EVery bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the extreme is made behind; and twice in the second place, except when the extreme is made before: and note, when the triple is before the fourth stroke, the single is in the 2d and 3d, the next time the single is behind; but at other times the single is in the 3d and 4th places. When any bell leaves leading the double change is on the two first and two last, and the extremes are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six extremes. 12345 21354 21534 25143 25413 52431 52341 53214 53124 35142 35412 34521 34251 43215 43125 41352 41532 14523 14253 12435 extre. 12453 21435 21345 23154 23514 32541 32451 34215 34125 43152 43512 45321 45231 54213 54123 51432 51342 15324 15234 12543 extre. 15243 14352 14532 15423 extre. 15432 13254 13524 15342 extre. 13542 14235 14325 13452 extre. 13425 12534 12354 13245 extre. 12345 Old Doubles. 1 and 2. THE changes are all double, except one single exery time the triple leads. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath a like hunting course with that of the triple until the triple leads, and then a single is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the triple, the single is behind which is called extreme. 12345 21435 24153 42513 45231 54321 53412 35142 31524 13254 13524 31254 32145 23415 24351 42531 45213 54123 51432 15342 15432 14523 14253 12435 extre. 12453 14235 14325 13452 13542 15324 15234 12543 extre. 12534 15243 15423 14532 14352 13425 13245 12354 extre. 12345 New Doubles. 1 and 2. THE changes are all double, except one single at every leading of the triple. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes; and when it moves up from leading, the two first bells dodg until it comes down again and displaceth them. Every bell that comes into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up behind; but the bell which lies there when the triple leaves leading, moveth down. Every bell lies twice behind, except at the changes wherein the triple goeth to lead and leaves leading. Every time the triple leads, a single change is then made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the triple, an extreme behind. 12345 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13254 13524 31542 35124 53214 35241 53421 35412 53142 51324 15342 15432 14523 14253 12435 extre. 12453 14235 14325 13452 13542 15324 15234 12543 extre. 12534 15243 15423 14532 14352 13425 13245 12354 extre. 12345 Reding Doubles. 1 and 2. THE triple hath a direct hunting courle as in plain changes, and when it moves up from leading the two first bells dodg until it comes down again and displaceth them; and whilst they dodg before, every bell that comes down into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up again behind. But after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting course up and down, until the dodging again hindereth them as before. Every bell lies twice behind, 12345 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13425 14352 41532 45123 54213 45231 54321 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 31543 25134 52314 25341 52431 25413 52143 51234 15324 13542 14235 12453 14523 15432 13254 extre. 12354 13524 15342 14253 12435 14325 13452 15234 12543 15423 14532 13245 extre. 12345 except when the triple leaves leading if the 2d lies next it, and then the double is made on the two first and two last bells; by which means the two hind-bells then make a dodg, which happens in course once in twenty changes, that is, every second time the triple leaves leading. By this method it will go sixty changes, and then an extreme must be made. The extremes in this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule set down in the Introduction. Here the first extreme is made at the end of sixty changes, the bells lying 1 3 2; and when they come to lie so again, the second extreme must be made; the extreme is made behind, two of the extreme bells lying there, and the single is made in the 2d and 3d place at both the extremes. Grandsire. 1 and 5. THE triple hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath also a like hunting course with that of the triple except when the bobs hinder. The bobs are double changes, and made on the two first and two last bells according to this rule, viz. every time the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, a bob-change is then made, except the 5th lying next it makes a change there with it, and then not. Now 'tis observable, that once in twenty changes, that is, at every second leading of the triple, the 5th lies next it, and consequently there is but one bob-change then to be made, but at other times two; so that at one leading of the triple there is but one bob-change made, at the next leading there are two, and so successively by turns, which for distinction may be called single and double bobs, The two bells that dodg behind at a bob continue there dodging until the treble comes up and displaceth them, and at every bob-change the bell in the 3d place lieth still, 12345 21354 23145 32415 34251 43521 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 21543 25134 52314 53241 35421 34512 43152 41325 14352 13425 31452 34125 43215 42351 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324 13542 31524 35142 53412 54321 45231 42513 24153 21435 12453 14235 41253 42135 24315 23451 32541 35214 53124 51342 15432 14523 41532 45123 54213 52431 25341 23514 32154 31245 13254 extre. 13245 15342 13524 14253 12435 15234 12543 13452 14325 15423 14532 12354 extre. 12345 and then moves down to lead. By this method it will go sixty changes; and to carry on the course extremes must be made, there being two in the peal. The manner of making an extreme I have at large showed in the Introduction, and the extremes may here be made in any place according to the general rule there set down. The easiest way in practice is to make them at the leadings of the triple; at any single bob it may be made behind, two of the extreme bells lying there, and to lie still whilst the bells in the 2d and 3d places do make the single change: at any double bob it may be made in the 2d and 3d places, so that the single must there be made behind. If the first extreme is made at the single bob, the second must be made at the third following single bob; or if the first is made at a double bob, the second must be made at the third double bob following, as in this peal here pricked, where the first extreme is made at a double bob, and the second also made at the third following double bob. This peal will go with any hunts, and to begin it on the four hind bells; but then in ringing it at half-pulls, the first change being made at back-stroke to prevent cutting compass, the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change. Therefore the better way is to begin it on the four first bells, which may also be done with any hunts, excepting 1.3, 1.5. and 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, wherein the first change of each may be a bob. And observe, that in any way of beginning it, the bells must all proceed in such a perfect hunting course as the first change directs them, until the first bob comes to be made. Old Triples and Doubles. ONE change is triple, the next double, and so by turns, except one single at the end of every sixty changes. Every triple change is made on the two first, the two middle, and two last bells; and every double is made on the four middle bells, except when the hunt leads and then on the four hind bells. Triple is here the hunt, and hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes: the rest of the bells have also a direct hunting course up and down except when the triple leads, and then each bell that was hunting up (except that in the 2d place) makes a dodge with the next bell below it, and then proceeds forward again in its course up; and each bell which at the same time was hunting down, makes a dodg with the next bell above it, and so proceedeth forward in its course down; which method will carry on the peal five courses of the hunt, that is sixty changes as they are here pricked. In the 120 there is also a half-hunt; 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 654123 561432 516342 153624 and when the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change must then be made, either in the 3d and 4th, or 5th and 6th places; but observing when the half-hunt comes again to lie next the whole-hunt, another single change must be made in the same place where the first was made. 156342 513624 531264 352146 325416 234561 243651 426315 462135 641253 614523 165432 164523 615432 651342 563124 536214 352641 325461 234516 243156 421365 412635 146253 142635 416253 461523 645132 654312 563421 536241 352614 325164 231546 213456 124365 These single changes are called extremes, there being two in every sixscore, and the last of them always falls out in course to be made just 60 changes from the first, that is, at the fifth leading of the whole hunt after the first extreme. In the 240 there is also a half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change being then made in the 4th and 5th places, will bring the bells round at twelvescore, there being four singles in the peal, one of which falls in the course at the end of every sixty changes. In the 720 there is a whole, half, and quarter hunt, and every time the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change must then be made in the 4th and 5th places as in the twelvescore; but when the quarter-hunt lies next the half-hunt, that is, when the three hunts come together before, (which always happen at the end of every twelvescore) than the single must be made behind, which is called extreme, there being three of them in the peal. The sevenscore and four triples and doubles are the same with the former except at the leadings of the triple, and then a single is always made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the triple, an extreme is made in the 4th and 5th places. This peal is grounded on the twenty four doubles and singles, the four middle bells making them at the leadings of the triple. Grandsire Bob. 1, 2 and 4. THE general method of this peal is the same with that next before, but with this difference; whereas in that peal singles were made at the end of every sixty changes to carry on the course, in this there are double changes made in their stead, which are called Bob-changes, and made when the triple leads in the 2d and 3d and the 5th and 6th places, whereas at other times the double is there made on the four hind bells. The Practitioner may observe these rules in the ringing of it, viz. whatsoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up, he must follow the same bells again, and in the same order, the next time he hunts down, as in these changes here pricked, where the triple in hunting up first follows 2, then 4, and then 6; and when it comes behind, first it follows 2 again, then in its hunting down it follows 4 and 6 in the same order as when it hunted up; which is also observed in the ringing of any other bell, but with this difference betwixt the whole-hunt and the rest of the bells, viz. Every time the whole-hunt leaves the treble's place and hunts up, it followeth different bells from what it did in its former hunting up, as may be seen in this example: where in its first hunting up it first follows 2, then 4, then 6; 123456 — 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 whereas in the next hunting up it first follows 3, then 2, than 4. But the first time any other bell leads after a bob, whatsoever bells it then follows in its hunting up, it follows the same bells likewise and in the same order every time it hunts up, and consequently every time it hunts down unto the next bob; as in this example, where 2 in its first hunting up, first follows 4, then 6, then 5, and likewise when it next hunts up it follows 4 6 5 as before, etc. But when the whole-hunt is the second bell which he follows in hunting up, he must follow it again when he next lies behind. 'Tis observable, that at every leading of the triple the two hind bells dodg; and whensoever the half-hunt dodgeth there, a bob must then be made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not; which is an infallible rule, by which he that rings the half-hunt may always give notice of the bobs as well when the peal is inverted, as in the ordinary way of ringing it. The bobs fall out in course single and double, the one single, the next double; and so by turns; there being three single bobs and three double bobs in the eighteenscore, and consequently six of each in the 720. The aforesaid method being observed, will carry on the course of the peal to the end of eighteenscore, which is just half the 720, and then it terminates, as appears in the eighteenscore here pricked: but by making an extreme that number may be doubled; for then eighteenscore changes more will go in course according to the former method; and another extreme being likewise made at the end of the last eighteenseore will complete the 720. The manner of making an extreme I have showed at large in the Introduction, pag. 90. where I have also set down a general rule for making them, to which I refer. The first extreme may be made either the first, second, or third time that the half and quarter hunts dodg behind; or else at the first, second, or third single bob; at either of which places the single must be made behind. 123456 325416 342516 143526 — 214365 234561 324156 bob. 124536 241635 243651 231465 134562 125463 426153 426315 213645 315426 — 462513 462135 126354 351246 152643 645231 641253 123645 532164 156234 654321 614523 216354 523614 — 563412 165432 261534 256341 165324 536142 bob. 625143 265431 163542 351624 156423 652413 624513 — 315264 514632 564231 642153 136452 132546 541362 546321 461235 bob. 135264 453126 453612 416325 163425 312546 435216 435162 143652 — 321456 342561 341526 bob. 136245 234165 324651 314256 134625 132654 243615 236415 132465 316452 — 426351 263145 134256 361542 123564 462531 621354 312465 635124 125346 645213 612534 321645 653214 — 654123 165243 236154 562341 152436 561432 162534 263514 526431 154263 516342 615243 625341 254613 — 153624 651423 652431 245163 145623 156342 564132 564213 421536 bob. 513624 546312 546123 412356 154632 531264 453621 451632 143265 — 352146 435261 415362 142356 145362 bob. — bob. — 146532 154326 162345 135426 162453 bob. — 163254 — 164235 164523 145236 — 153246 — — 142563 136524 152364 146325 146253 — 135642 — bob. 142635 124653 — 125634 164352 — 126435 153462 126543 — 124365 Here are eighteenscore changes wanting one, which one if it were made double as the former, would bring the bells round, therefore an extreme must be made as in this change 123465, the two hind bells making the extreme, and the bells in the 3d and 4th places making the single. Now in regard that this extreme is made the second time the whole-hunt leads after a double bob, therefore the second extreme must be made the second time the whole-hunt leads after the third double bob following. This peal may be rung with any hunts, and to begin the changes triple and double as in this here pricked. Fifty three LONDON- Peals upon Five, Six, Seven, and Eight Bells, composed by F. S. Crambo. THE changes are all single; it hath a perfect course, and may be pricked many ways. 12345 42513 52431 32154 35421 15243 21345 45213 25431 23154 35412 51243 21435 45231 25413 23145 53412 51234 24135 54231 25143 32145 53142 15234 24153 54321 52143 32415 35142 15324 42153 45321 52134 23415 35124 13524 42135 45312 25134 23451 53124 13542 42315 54312 25314 32451 51324 31542 24315 54132 52314 32541 51342 31524 24351 45132 52341 35241 15342 31254 42351 45123 25341 35214 15432 13254 42531 54123 23541 53214 51432 13245 24531 54213 23514 53241 51423 31245 24513 52413 32514 53421 15423 31425 13425 34215 43152 41523 12453 12354 13452 34251 41352 14523 21453 12345 31452 43251 41325 14253 21543 34152 43521 14325 41253 12543 34125 34521 14352 41235 12534 43125 34512 14532 14235 21534 43215 43512 41532 12435 21354 The Primrose. 1 and 2. THE triple hath a perfect course as in plain changes. 12345 51432 15234 21435 15342 — 24135 15432 12543 24315 — Extre. 23451 14523 12534 32541 14253 — 35214 — 15243 35124 12435 15423 31524 Extre. — 13254 12453 14532 13524 — 14352 31254 14235 — 32154 14325 13425 32514 — 13245 35241 13452 — 53421 13542 12354 54312 — Extre. 54132 15324 12345 And when it hunts up out of the 2d place it makes two singles together, and the like when it hunteth down. When it leads, the single is in the 3d and 4th places, except when 2 lies next it, and then an extreme behind. Every bell (except the triple) leads four times, and lies still behind until the treble displaceth it, except at the extreme. Orpheus. 12345 14253 34125 54312 32541 52134 13254 41523 43152 53421 23514 51243 13245 41532 43125 53412 23541 51234 31254 45123 34215 35421 25314 15243 31245 45132 34251 35412 25341 15234 32154 54123 32415 53142 52314 12543 32145 54132 32451 53124 52341 12534 23154 51423 23415 51342 25431 21543 23145 51432 23451 51324 25413 21534 21354 15423 24315 15342 24531 12354 21345 15432 24351 15324 24513 12345 12435 14523 42315 13542 42531 12453 14532 42351 13524 42513 21435 41352 43215 31542 45231 21453 41325 43251 31524 45213 24135 14352 34521 35142 54231 24153 14325 34512 35124 54213 42135 13452 43521 53214 52431 42153 13425 43512 53241 52413 41235 31452 45321 35214 25143 41253 31425 45312 35241 25134 14235 34152 54321 32514 52143 One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. New Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2. ONE change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes, 12345 51324 15234 21354 15342 — 23154 15432 12543 32514 — Extre. 32541 14523 12534 23451 14253 — 23415 — 15243 32145 12435 15423 31245 Extre — 23254 12453 14532 13524 — 14352 31542 14235 — 35142 14325 13425 53412 — 13245 53421 13452 — 35241 13542 12354 35214 — Extre. 53124 15324 12345 and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the change is double on the two first and two last bells, the rest of the double changes are on the four first. The treble is one of the two bells that makes every single change except when it leads, and then the single is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the 1, than an extreme is made behind. When the triple leaves the two first bells, they continue slow dogding until triple comes down and displaceth them. Every bell (except the triple) lieth twice in the 3d place. The Morning Star. 1 and 2. THE triple hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes; and every time it hunts up, it makes two singles together, and the like when it hunts down: when it leads the single is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extreme is made in the 3d and 4th places. Every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, and every bell except the treble leads four times together. 12345 51432 14523 15243 — 21354 54132 14532 — 14253 23154 54312 — 13425 14235 23514 53421 12354 13452 — 25341 35241 extre. — 15324 52431 32514 12534 12543 15342 54213 32154 — extre. — 54123 31254 14352 12453 12435 51423 13245 14325 — extre. 15432 13254 — 13542 12345 15423 — 15234 13524 The Quirister. 1 and 2. THis peal consists most of double changes; the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a single in the 3d and 4th places; 12345 32514 15234 21354 35241 15243 23145 53421 — 23415 54312 14352 24351 54132 14325 42531 51423 — 45213 15432 12543 45123 15423 extre. 41532 51432 12453 14523 54123 — 14532 54213 15324 41523 52431 15342 45132 25341 — 45312 23514 14253 43521 23154 14235 34251 21345 — 32415 12354 13542 32145 extre. 13524 31254 12534 — 13245 — 12435 13254 13425 extre. 31245 13452 12345 32154 — and when it leads, the single is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extreme is made in the 3d and 4th places. When the triple leaves the two hind bells, they continue dodging until it comes up again and displaceth them, and then they hunt directly down; the first to lead, and the other into the 2d place: that which moves to lead, having lead four times, gives place to the triple; but when the Treble hath done leading it takes the treble's place again, and leads four times more and then hunts directly up; the other bell which moved down into the 2d place lies there twice, and then the Triple in hunting down moves it into the 3d place where it lies still, until the Triple in hunting up moves it back into the 2d place, where having lain twice it hunteth up. This Peal is as musical, easy, and practical as any of this kind that ever was pricked. The Falcon 1 and 2. THis Peal consists most of double changes. The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a single in the 3d and and 4th places, and when it leads a single is also made there, but when 2 lies next it the extreme is made behind. When the triple leaves the two first bells they continue there until it comes down again and displaceth them, but obferve, when the triple moves into the 5th place, and again from thence, the double is on the two first and two last bells, by means of which the two first bells then dodg, but before and after they lie still. Every bell lies twice in the 3d place and then hunts up, except that which lies there when the triple leaves leading. 12345 53241 — 15243 21354 35421 14235 15423 23145 53412 14325 — 23415 53142 — 14532 32451 51324 13452 14352 23541 15342 13542 — 32514 15432 — 13425 32154 — 15324 13245 31245 14523 15234 — 13254 14253 — 12354 13524 — 12543 extre. 31542 12435 extre. 12345 35124 extre. 12534 35214 12453 — Merry Andrew. 1 and 2. ONE change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. When the triple leaves the two hind-bells they continue dodging until it comes up again and displaceth them. Every single is made behind until the treble hinders, and then in the 2d and 3d places. When the triple leads and the 2d lies next it, than an extreme is made in the 3d and 4th places. When the triple goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the four first. 12345 51423 23514 15243 21354 15432 32154 15234 21345 15423 32145 12543 23154 14532 31254 extre. 23145 14523 31245 12453 32415 41532 13254 — 34215 41523 13245 13542 32451 45132 12354 13524 34251 45123 extre. 15342 43521 54213 12534 15324 45321 52413 — — 43512 54231 14352 14235 45312 52431 14325 14253 54132 25341 13452 12435 54123 23541 13425 extre. 51432 25314 — 12345 May-day. 1 and 5. ONE change is double, the next single, and so by turns. When the triple goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells; and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the four first. The treble hath a constant dodging course, 12345 45132 12543 21354 41523 15234 23154 45123 12534 21345 54213 — 23145 54231 14352 32415 52413 13452 32451 52431 14325 34215 25341 Extre. 34251 25314 14235 43521 23541 — 43512 23514 15324 45321 32154 13524 45312 31254 15342 54132 32145 13542 51432 31245 — 54123 13254 12453 51423 12354 14253 15432 13245 12435 14532 Extre. Extre. 15423 13425 12345 14523 — 41532 15243 for in its hunting up it first makes a dodg in the second and third places, and then another behind, and then it lies still one change in the 5th place; then in its hunting down it makes another dodg behind, and also another in the 2d and 3d places, and then leads four times. So that the treble is one of the two bells that makes every single until it leads, and then 'tis made in the 2d and 3d places, except when the 5th lies behind, and then an extreme is made in the 3d and 4th places. When the triple leaves the two hind-bells they continue slow dodging, until it comes up agaiu and displaceth them. Every bell leads four times. St. Dunstan 's Doubles. 1 and 2. THE changes are all double except one single every 2d time the triple leads, 12345 13245 12453 21354 — — 23145 15423 13542 32415 14532 15324 34251 — — 43521 12354 14235 45312 extre. single. 54132 12534 14253 51423 — — 15432 14352 13524 14523 13425 15342 41532 — — 45123 15243 12435 54213 single. Extre. 52431 15234 12345 25341 — 23514 14325 32154 13452 31245 — 13254 12543 single. extre. there being six in the peal. The triple is a perfect hunt; and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is made on the two first and two last bells, at which changes the bells in the 3d place lie still and then move down, and the two hind-bells at the same time dodg: but at other times all the bells have a direct hunting course. When the triple leads, and the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, than a single must always be made betwixt the two next extreme bells to the 2d. Church Doubles. 1 and 2. THE changes are all double except six singles as the former. 12345 13254 14325 21435 single. — 24153 13245 12543 42513 — Extre. 24531 14532 12453 42351 15423 — 24315 — 15324 42135 12354 13542 41253 Extre — 14523 12534 14235 15432 — single. 51342 13425 14253 53124 14352 — 35214 — 15342 53241 15243 13524 35421 single. — 53412 15234 12435 35142 — Extre. 31524 13452 12345 The treble is a perfect hunt; and every time it moves up into the 5th place, and also out of it, the double is then made on the two first and two last bells, at which time the bells in the 3d place do lie still and then move up; and the two first bells at the same time dodg. When the triple leads, and the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, than a single must always be made betwixt the two next extreme bells to the 2d. In this and the former peal the singles may be made in another manner, viz. when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lieth either in the 4th or 5th places, a single must then be made betwixt the two next bells to the half-hunt; but at other times a double change to be made when the whole-hunt leads, as in the former way. Stedman 's Principle. THE changes are all double, two singles excepted. One double is made on the two first and two last bells, the next on the four last, and so by turns successively; excepting every sixth change, which is double on the four first bells, and for distinction is called a Parting change. All the bells have a like course. The general method is this; the three first bells go the six changes, and the two hind-bells in the mean time dodg; then a Parting change is made which parts the two hind-bells, moving that in the fourth place down into the 3d, and that in the 3d place up into the 4th, and then the three first bells go the six again, the two hind-bells in the mean time dodging as before; and then another Parting change is made, and so successively on. Every bell that comes behind continues there dodging six changes with one bell and six with another, and then in course the Parting change brings it down. One six cuts compass, the next doth not, and so by turns successively. In the six which cut compass the two first bells of the three makes the first change of it, but in the other the two last of the three. By this method the peal will go sixty changes, and to carry it on farther extremes must be made. An extreme is made by the lying still of two bells when in course they should make a change, as before I have showed more fully in the Introduction, pag. 90. but withal observing, that whereas in this peal the bells have all a like course, therefore they may all be termed extreme bells, and consequently the extremes to be made according to this general rule, viz. the first extreme may be made by any two bells that are in course to make a change within the compass of the first sixty changes of the peal; and the second extreme must be made according to this rule, Whatsoever two bells are dodging behind at the first extreme, when the same two bells come to dodg there again, is a certain warning for the second extreme to be then made. And observe, how many changes the first extreme is made from a parting change; so many likewise must the last extreme be made after a Parting change also. And the single and extreme comes in course 12345 42135 52431 24513 51324 21354 41253 25341 42153 15342 23145 14523 52314 24135 13524 32415 41532 53241 21453 31542 23451 45123 35214 12435 35124 24315 54132 32541 14253 53142 42351 51423 23514 41235 35412 43215 15432 32154 14325 34521 34251 51342 31245 13452 43512 43521 53124 13254 31425 45321 45312 35142 extre. 34152 54312 54321 31524 13245 43125 53421 53412 13542 31254 41352 35241 35421 15324 32145 14532 53214 34512 51234 23415 41523 52341 43152 15243 32451 45132 25314 34125 12534 34215 54123 23541 31452 21543 43251 51432 32514 13425 25134 42315 15423 23154 14352 52143 24351 51243 21345 41325 25413 42531 52134 12354 14235 24531 45213 25143 extre. 12453 42513 54231 21534 12345 21435 45231 52413 12543 24153 54213 52134 15234 each of them to he made in the same place and by the same bells at the last extreme, as they were at the first. Here the singles are made behind, and the extremes in the 2d and 3d places; and as the 4th and 5th bells do dodg behind at the first extreme, so likewise when they come to dodg there again, the second extreme is then made, the triple leading at both of them, as appeareth in the peal● here pricked. The first Parting change is here made the third change at the heginning, and that 〈◊〉 cuts compass. In all the several ways of ringing this peal● if the Parting changes are made at the fore-stroke, as in course they are in this he●● pricked, then cutting compass is always on th● same six, as in this peal: but when the Parting changes are made at back-stroke, than the contrary six always cuts compass to wha● doth here. Peals upon Six Bells. The single Method. THE changes are all single, 123456 213456 213465 231465 231456 321456 324156 234156 234516 324516 324561 234561 235461 325461 325416 235416 235146 325146 321546 312546 312564 132564 132546 135246 135264 — 153642 153624 135624 135642 — 153426 153462 135462 135426 — 153264 153246 152346 152364 — 125643 125634 126534 126543 — 162435 162453 164253 164235 — 146352 146325 164325 164352 — 146523 146532 164532 164523 — 146235 146253 142653 142635 — 124356 124365 123465 123456 and triple is the hunt. When the triple moves up out of the 2d place, the two first bells continue slow dodging until the treble comes there again. And when the triple moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells likewise continue slow dodging until the treble comes there again. When the triple leads, (if 'tis rung at half-pulls) the fore-stroke change (that is, at the third stroke of the treble's leading) is made in the 3d and 4th places, the rest of the changes there are made hehind. By this method it will go sixscore changes. To ring 240. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth behind; the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places, as in this here pricked, where the 2d is the half-hunt, and there are little marks set at the fore-stroke changes. To ring 360. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half and quarter-hunts dodg behind, the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places as before. To ring 720. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth behind, the fore-stroke change must then he made in the 2d and 3d places as before, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with the half-hunt, and then in the 3d and 4th places as at other times. The 2d and 4th, or the 2d and 6th may he the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. Note, in all the following peals upon six bells, the bobs are double changes, and always made at the leadings of the whole hunt (except Nonsuch Bob, for there the Bobs are made at the change wherein the whole-hunt goeth to lead, and not when it doth lead.) And whereas in the following peals the directions for calling bob runs thus; viz. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a Bob must then be made, etc. 'tis there implied, That whereas every time the whole-hunt leads, the two hind-bells then dodg; therefore when the half-hunt dodgeth there at the leading of the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made. And in like manner also must all the bobs in the following peals be made at the leading of the whole-hunt. He that rings the half-hunt may best call bob in all peals. A Cure for Melancholy. DOubles and Singles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, which leads four times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the fourth place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue dodging until it comes down there again, and then the two hind-bells dodg until the Treble displaceth them. The Treble is one of the bells which maketh every double change, except when it lieth still behind, and then the double is on the four first, and also when it leads the double is on the four last. 123456 134625 213465 — 213456 162345 231465 162354 231456 163245 234165 163254 234156 — 243516 125634 245316 125643 243561 126534 245361 126543 423561 — 425361 154263 423516 154236 425316 152463 452136 152436 452163 — 451236 143526 451263 143562 415236 bob 415263 134526 145236 134562 145263 — 142536 156423 142563 156432 — bob 156423 165423 156432 165432 bob — 165423 132654 165432 132645 — 136254 143652 136245 143625 — bob 124365 134652 124356 Every single is made in the fifth and sixth places, except when the Treble lieth there, and then in the third and fourth places. Every bell except the Treble lieth four times in the second place. By this method it will go sixscore changes, but by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Triple, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still. To ring 240. Every time the half hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made as in this here pricked, where 2 is the half-hunt. To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made. To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. 2 may be the half hunt, 123465 123456 and 4 the quarter hunt, or others at pleasure. The Morning Exercise. DOubles and singles. 123456 — 142365 213465 164352 142356 213456 164325 — 231465 bob 146532 231456 163452 146523 234165 163425 bob 234156 — 145632 243516 165243 145623 243561 165234 — 245316 156243 143265 245361 156234 143256 254631 — 134265 254613 154326 134256 256431 154362 — 256413 bob 136524 265143 153426 136542 265134 153462 bob 261543 — 135624 261534 152643 135642 216543 152634 — 216534 125643 132465 126543 125634 132456 126534 — 123465 162543 124365 123456 162534 124356 triple is the whole hunt, and hunteth up into the 2d, 3d, and 4th places, lying twice in each; then having made a dodg behind, it lieth still in the sixth place, and then makes another dodg behind, and so hunts down in the same manner as it hunted up, and then leads four times. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes up there again; during which time the bell in the 4th place lieth still. And when the Treble moves up out of the second place, each bell that comes there lieth four times, until the Treble comes down there again. Every single is made behind. By this method it will go 120 changes; and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 270. At the bobs the bell in the 2d place always lieth still. To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made, as in this here pricked, where 2 is the half-hunt. The warning for the bobs in the 360 and 720, is the same with that in the peal next before: 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. The City Delight. DOubles and Singles. Triple is the whole-hunt, and lieth four times before, four times behind, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the third place, the singles are made in the second and third places until it comes there again, and then behind until it moves up again out of the third place. When it moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes up there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the second place always lieth still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the two last peals. In the 240 here pricked, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. 123456 265143 153462 126534 143256 213465 256143 — 126543 134265 213456 251634 156234 — 134256 231465 251643 156243 124365 — 231456 215634 165234 124356 135642 234165 215643 165243 142365 135624 243165 125634 — 142356 bob 234615 125643 164352 — 136542 243615 152634 164325 145623 136524 246351 152643 bob 145632 — 264351 — 163452 bob 132465 246531 154326 163425 146523 132456 264531 154362 — 146532 123465 265413 bob 162534 — 123456 256413 153426 162543 143265 London Nightingale. DOubles and Singles. Triple is the whole-hunt, and lieth four times before, four times behind and twice in every other place. 123456 — 163245 213465 126543 163254 213456 126534 — 231465 162543 125634 231456 162534 125643 234165 — 152634 234156 153624 152643 243516 153642 — 423516 bob 164523 243561 156324 164532 423561 156342 bob 245361 — 165423 425361 134562 165432 245316 134526 — 425316 — 143652 452136 135462 143625 452163 135426 bob 451236 — 146352 451263 142356 146325 415236 142365 — 415263 124356 132465 145236 124365 132456 145263 — 123465 154236 136245 123456 154263 136254 When it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells continue dodging until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. And when the two hind-bells leave dodging then the two first bells dodg until the hind-bells dodg again, and then they cease. By this method it will go 120; and by making of bobs it will 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the second place always lieth still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the preceding peals- In the 240 here pricked, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts or others at pleasure. The Evening Delight. DOubles and Singles. Triple is the whole-hunt and leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place, 123456 — 213465 146253 231465 164253 213645 bob 231645 146235 236154 164235 263154 — 236514 162453 263514 126453 265341 bob 256341 162435 265431 126435 256431 — 254613 124653 245613 142653 254163 124563 245163 142563 241536 — 214536 145236 241356 154236 214356 145326 124365 154326 142365 — 124635 153462 142635 135462 except in the 2d and 3d places where it makes a dodg every time it hunts up and down. Every other bell hath the same course with the whole-hunt; but observing, when they come down and have made a dodg in the second and third places, they lie still one change in the second place, and then make another dodg there, and so hunt up as the Treble did. But note, when the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the bells in the third and fourth places he still. Every single is made in the second and third places, and every bell lieth four times behind. By this method thod it will go 120. 153642 165342 135642 156342 — — 136524 153624 163524 135624 bob 153264 136542 135264 163542 — — 132546 165324 123546 156324 132456 bob 123456 and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bob-change, the bell in the 4th place always lieth still. To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the second and third places a bob must then be made, as in this here pricked, where 6 is the half-hunt. To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together in the second and third places, a bob must then be made. To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the 2d and 3d places a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 360 or 720, the 6 and 5 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or else 2 and 4, or others at pleasure. College Doubles. Triple is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again; during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still: 123456 156234 213465 165243 231456 — 234165 164352 243615 bob 246351 163425 264531 — 265413 162534 256143 126543 251634 — 215643 124365 125634 142356 152643 — 512634 145623 521643 bob 526134 146532 562314 — 563241 143265 536421 134256 534612 — 543162 135642 541326 bob 514362 136524 154326 — bob 132465 153462 123456 — but otherwise the five hind-bells have a direct hunting course. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still. To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made; as in this here pricked, where 2 is the half-hunt. To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind, a bob must then be made. To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. By making of two extremes the 360 may be doubled. They are to be made according to the rules in the Introduction, pag. 90. Non-such Bob. DOubles. Triple is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves up out of the third place, 123456 532641 213465 352614 231456 532164 234165 531246 324615 513264 234651 153624 324561 156342 234516 516324 324156 561342 321465 563124 312456 653214 132546 563241 135264 653421 315246 563412 351264 653142 352146 651324 532416 615342 352461 bob 165324 543162 163542 453612 613524 543621 631542 453261 635124 543216 365214 453126 635241 451362 365421 415326 635412 145236 365142 142563 361524 412536 316542 421563 bob 425136 136524 245316 135642 425361 315624 245631 351642 425613 356124 245163 536214 241536 356241 214563 536421 124653 356412 126435 536142 216453 531624 261435 513642 264153 153462 624513 154326 264531 514362 624351 541326 264315 the bell that comes there lieth still until the Treble comes down there again; during which time the two first bells dodg. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they dodg until the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, and then one of them moves down; but as soon as that change is made, the two hind-bells dodg again until the Treble moves up and parts them. Every time the Treble leads, the double is made on the four hind-bells throughout the peal. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. The bob is always made at the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, the two first and two last bells making it. To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the whole-hont goeth to lead; as in this here pricked, where 6 is the half-hunt. To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together before, is a warning for a bob to be made when next the Treble goeth to lead. To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the Treble goeth to lead, 624135 621453 612435 bob 162453 164235 614253 641235 642153 462513 etc. except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 180 and 360, the 6 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. By making of two extremes the 360 may be doubled; they must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, pag. 90. The bobs in this peal may also be made at the leadings of the whole-hunt as in other peals, and the bell in the fourth place to lie still at every bob-change. The warning for them in the 120, 180, and 360 being the same with that in the College Doubles, pag. 143. London Doubles. THE Treble is the whole-hunt; and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. When the Treble is behind, the two first bells make a change; but at other times the leading bell lieth still. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and 360, is the same with that in College Doubles, p. 143. By making of two extremes it will go 720. The extremes must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, pag. 90. In the 120 here pricked, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 and 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. 123456 541263 156342 — 213465 542136 — 164523 231456 524316 134562 bob 234165 523461 bob 165432 243615 253641 135426 — 246351 256314 — 143652 426531 265134 242356 bob 425613 261543 124365 146325 452163 216534 — — 451236 126543 136245 132465 415263 162534 163254 123456 145236 — — 154263 153624 125634 514236 bob 152643 Triples, Doubles, and Singles. 123456 153462 214365 bob 241635 135426 246135 — 264315 153246 623451 152364 632541 — 365214 125634 356124 126543 351624 — 315264 162453 132546 164235 135264 — 312546 146325 321456 bob 324156 164352 342516 — 435261 146532 453621 bob 546312 164523 564132 — 561432 146253 516342 142635 153624 — bob 124365 135642 123456 — Triples, Doubles, and Singles dodging behind. 123456 162345 214365 126354 241356 — 243156 156423 234516 bob 325461 154632 352641 — 536214 134256 563124 143265 561324 — 516342 163542 153624 136524 135642 — 316524 126435 361542 bob 365142 124653 356412 — 534621 154326 543261 145362 452316 — 425136 165243 421536 bob 412563 162534 145236 — bob 132465 142563 123456 — Doubles, and Triples. 123456 152364 214365 125346 241356 — 243165 165432 234615 bob 326451 164523 362541 — 635214 134256 653124 143265 651342 — 615324 153624 163542 135652 136524 — 315642 125463 351624 bob 356142 124536 365412 — 634521 164352 643251 146325 462325 — 426135 156284 421653 bob 452635 152648 146253 — bob 132465 142635 123456 — — Single Bob. 123456 134562 214365 135426 241635 — 426153 125634 462513 bob 645231 1526●● 462531 — 645213 142356 654123 143265 561432 — 516342 163542 153624 165324 156342 — 513624 125463 531264 bob 352146 152436 325416 — 234561 132654 325461 136245 234516 — 243156 146532 421365 bob 412635 164523 146253 — bob 124365 164235 123456 — London Bob. 123456 — 214365 162534 241356 126543 423165 — 432615 145623 346251 bob 436521 146532 345612 — 354162 135642 531426 bob 513462 136524 154326 — bob 125634 153462 152643 — — 164352 146253 bob 164235 163425 — — 132465 124365 123456 142356 — 153246 135264 City Bob. 123456 163425 214365 bob 241035 136452 426153 — 462513 163254 645231 162345 465321 — 643512 126543 634152 125634 361425 — 316245 152436 132654 154263 136245 — 312654 145362 321564 bob 235146 154326 253416 — 524361 145623 254631 bob 526413 154●32 562143 — 651234 145236 615324 142563 163542 — bob 124365 136524 123456 — These six peals will each of them go sixty changes without any bob, and by making of bobs each of them will go 120, 180, and 360. In three of them, viz. Triples Doubles and Singles, Single-bob, and City-bob, at the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place always lieth still; whereas at the rest of the changes which are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in the second place lieth still. And in the other three peals, viz. Triples' doubles and singles dodging behind, Doubles and Triples, and London Bob, at the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still, whereas at the rest of the changes that are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and 360, in each of these six peals is the same with that in the 120, 180, and 360 in College Doubles, p. 143. Each of these peals will go 720 with two extremes, which must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90. In the 120 of each there pricked, viz. in City Bob, London Bob, and Triples' doubles and singles, the 2 is the half-hunt, and in the other three peals the 3 is the half-hunt. In the 180 and 360 of each peal, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. New Bob. TRiples and Doubles. The general method of this Peal is the same with Grandsire Bob, and the bobs also made as in that peal. It will go 120, 180, or 240, and by making of two extremes it will go 360 or 480; and with six singles it will go 720. To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made. To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind, a bob must then be made; and by making of two extremes it will go 360. The first extreme may be made at the first, second, or third bob; observing to make the second extreme at the third following bob from the first extreme, where the singles in both must be made behind. To ring 720. The bobs throughout the peal are made by the same rule as in the 120; but farther observing, when the whole and half-hunts come together before, if the quarter-hunt lieth either in the third or fourth places, than a single must be made betwixt the two next extreme bells to the quarter-hunt. The 2 may be the half-hunt and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. College Little Bob, dodging behind. TRiples and Doubles. ●●3456 162345 ●●4365 126354 241356 — 423165 156423 432615 bob 346251 154632 364521 — 635412 134256 653142 143265 561324 — 516342 163542 153624 136524 135642 — 316524 126435 361542 bob 635124 124653 653214 — 562341 154326 526431 145362 254613 — 245163 165243 421536 bob 412563 162534 145236 — bob 132465 142563 123456 — The Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. All the bells have a direct hunting course, but observing, that when any bell moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is then any where below it, it lies there twice, and then moves down again. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the second place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in College Doubles, pag. 143. And the two extremes in the 720 must be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90. In the 120 here pricked, 3 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. This peal in practice will be found very plain and easy, and also good Music. College Little Bob, dodging before and behind. TRriples and Doubles. 123456 bob 214365 156342 241356 — 423165 134562 243615 bob 426351 135426 246531 — 425613 142356 245163 124365 421536 — 412563 136245 145236 163254 154263 — 512436 125634 521463 152643 254136 — 524316 164523 253461 bob 523641 165432 256314 — 526134 143652 251643 bob 215634 146325 126543 — 162534 132465 — 123456 153624 The The Treble hath a direct hunting course, and when it moves up out of the second place, the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and also when it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell that moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is any where below it, lies there twice and then hunts down; and also every bell that moves down into the third place, if the Treble is any where above it, lieth there twice, and then hunts up behind. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the second place lieth still. The 2 is the half-hunt in the 120 here pricked, and 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts in the 120 and 360, or others at pleasure. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in the College Doubles, p. 143. And the two extremes in the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90. Court Bob. TRiples and Doubles. The Treble hath a direct hunting course. Every bell that comes before and behind makes a Dodg, then lieth still, and so moves away, except the bell that lieth still behind when the triple leads, and also that bell which leads when the Treble lieth behind, both which do dodg before and after their lying still, and then move away. When the triple leads and lieth behind, the double is made on the four middle bells. By this method it will go sixty changes; and with bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place lieth still. To ring 120. 123456 165324 214365 156234 241356 — 423165 143265 243615 134625 426351 — 462531 152643 645213 bob 465123 125634 641532 — 614523 143652 165432 134562 156342 — 513634 126543 531642 bob 356124 162534 536214 — 352641 143526 325461 134256 234516 — 324156 165243 231465 156423 213456 — 124365 132495 bob bob 142356 123456 — Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made, as in this here pricked, where 2 is the half-hunt. To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together next the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made. To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-hunt a bob must then be made, except when a quarter-hunt makes a change there with it, and then not. In the 180 and 360 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure. The two extremes in the 720 must be made according to the rule in the Introduction. The first extreme may be made either the first, second, or third time that the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the second and third places at the leading of the whole-hunt; and then the second extreme must be made the third time following that those two bells make a change there again, the extremes being there made in the fourth and fifth places, and the singles in the second and third places. Every time the Treble leads, the double may as well be made on the four hind-bells, and the bobs to be made as before; but the warning for them the same with College Doubles. Five College Bobs. IN these five peals the Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a like dodging course in all of them. The general method of the five peals is as follows: viz. College Bob the first. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts up into the fourth place, unless the dodging course of the Treble hinders it, where it lieth twice and then moves down again; except the bell that dodged with the Treble before, and also that which leads when the Treble lieth still behind, both which hunt directly up. When the Treble moves down from dodging in the third and fourth places, the bell that dodged there with it continues in those two places, lying twice together in each by turns until the Treble comes to dodg there with it again. College Bob the second. Every bell when it comes to lead makes a dodg before, than it lieth still one change, than it makes another dodg, and so moves up into the fourth place where it lieth still twice, and then down again; except it dodgeth with the Triple in the fourth place, and then it hunts up behind. But when the Treble moves down out of the third place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue there until the Treble comes up there again, during which time the two hind-bells dodg. College Bob the third. When the Triple leaves leading, the two first bells dodg until it comes to lead again; except when the Treble dodgeth behind, for then the two first bells lie still. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the treble comes there again. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble hindereth them. College Bob the First. 123456 435216 214365 etc. 124356 163542 213465 bob. 231456 165324 324165 — 321456 123564 234165 bob. 243615 125346 426351 — 462315 143526 643251 134562 634521 — 365412 165432 365421 156423 534612 — 543162 124653 451326 142635 453162 — 541326 136245 514362 bob. 153426 132654 513462 — 154326 156234 145362 bob. 413526 152643 143562 — 415326 146253 451362 164235 543126 — 541362 132465 453126 123456 College Bob the Second. 123456 543216 214365 etc. 124356 153624 213465 bob 231645 135642 326154 — 231654 153462 326145 bob 362415 135426 634251 — 364215 153246 632451 152364 623541 — 265314 125634 625341 126543 263514 — 236154 162453 321645 164235 236145 — 321654 146325 312564 bob 135246 164352 315264 — 132546 146532 135264 bob 312546 164523 132564 — 315246 146253 351426 142635 534162 — 351462 124365 534126 123456 College Bob the Third. 123456 462513 214365 etc. 123465 165432 214356 bob 241365 156423 423156 — 241356 143526 423165 bob 243615 134562 426351 — 423615 152364 246351 153246 423651 — 246315 126543 243651 125634 426315 — 246135 164235 421653 162453 246153 — 421635 143652 412653 bob 146235 134625 412635 — 146253 165324 142635 bob 416253 156342 142653 — 416235 132546 461253 135264 642135 — 461235 124365 642153 123456 College Bob the Fourth. 123456 462513 214365 etc. 124356 165432 213465 bob 231456 156423 324165 — 321456 143526 234165 bob 243615 134562 426351 — 246315 152364 423651 153246 246351 — 423615 126543 243651 125634 426315 — 462135 164235 641253 162453 642135 — 461253 143652 416235 bob 142653 134625 412635 — 146253 165324 142635 bob 416253 156342 146235 — 412653 132546 421635 135264 246153 — 241635 124365 426153 123456 College Bob the Fifth. 123456 632514 214365 etc. 124356 163542 213465 bob 231456 136524 324165 — 321456 163425 234165 bob 324615 136452 236451 — 234615 163254 326451 162345 234651 — 326415 126543 324651 125634 236415 — 326145 152436 231654 154263 236145 — 321654 145362 312645 bob 136254 154326 316245 — 132654 145623 136245 bob 312654 154632 132645 — 316254 145236 361245 142563 632154 — 631245 124365 362154 123456 College Bob the fourfh. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again; and then the two first bells dodg until the Treble gives way for the two hind bells to dodg again, and then the two first bells cease dodging. College Bob the fifth. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again. And when it leaves the two first bells they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until it comes down there again; during which time the bells in the third and fourth places dodg except when the Treble hindereth them. By these methods each of them will go 120 changes, and by making of bobs they will go 240, 360, or 720. In the first of them the bell in the second place lieth still at the bob-changes, and in the other four the bell in the fourth place always lieth still. To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, as in these peals here pricked; where, in the first peal the 4 is the half-hunt, and in the other four peals the 2 is the half-hunt. To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made. To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 360 or 720 of each peal the 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. The Experiment. TRiples and Doubles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth up farther than the fourth place, for the four first bells go Doubles and Singles; and every time the Treble leads an extreme is made in the third and fourth places, according to the common course of doubles and singles upon four bells; which course of doubles and singles must be continued, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, until the making of the first Parting change, which will separate the two hind bells; and then the four first bells go the same course of doubles and singles again, the two hind bells dodging as before, until the making of the second Parting change, and so successively. The Parting change is a double change on the four middle bells, and made at the leading of the Triple. The first Parting change may be made either at the first second or third leading of the Triple, observing, that whatsoever bell in the first Parting change moves down to the Triple, when the Triple leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second Parting change must then be made. And whatsoever bell in the second Parting change moves down to the Triple when the Treble leads, and that bell lieth next it again, the third Parting change must then be made, and so successively. There being five Parting changes in the Peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the bells (the Triple excepted) taking that place one after another; and consequently, the five persons that ●ing them must call the Parting changes one after another as their turn comes, according to the aforesaid rule. Changes upon Seven Bells. THE methods upon five may be pricked upon seven, observing but the true disserence of proportion in the changes; that is doubles upon five bells must be triples upon seven; doubles and singles upon five must be triples and doubles upon seven, etc. Plain Triples. ALL the bells have a direct hunting course. 1234567 2143657 2416375 4261735 4627153 6472513 6745231 7654321 7563412 5736142 5371624 351726● 3152746 1325476 All peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon seven according to this method here pricked; two of the changesupon six being always made at the leadings of the Triple, the six hindmost bells making them: the first is a triple change brought in by the course of the bells, and the next must either be double or single according to the method of the changes upon six. Dodging Triples. TRiples and Doubles upon six may also go upon seven, according to this method here pricked, but in the same manner as the sooner. 1234567 2143576 2415367 4251376 4523167 5432617 4523671 5432761 4523716 5432176 5341267 3514276 3152467 1325476 1352746 College. Bob Triples. EVery time the Triple leaves leading, 1234567 2135476 2314567 3241657 3426175 4362715 4637251 6473521 6745312 7654132 7561423 5716243 5172634 1527364 1253746 the bell in the third place lieth still, whilst the four hind bells dodg; but otherwise all the bells have a direct hunting course as Plain Triples. By this method it will go seventy changes, and by making of bobs it will go 350. The rule for the bobs is this; when the Treble goeth to lead, if the half-hunt lying before gives it place, than a bob must be made at that change, wherein the bell in the third place lieth still, and the four hind bells dodg; so that at every bob the four hind bells make two dodges before they part. By making of two extremes it will go 700, and with four extremes it will go 1400. But by making of intervening bobs it will go 700 complete triples without any extreme; 1400 with two extremes, and 2800 with four extremes. Any bell may be made a half-hunt. College Bob, Triples: the second way. 1234567 2135476 2314567 3241576 3425167 4352617 4536271 5463721 5647312 6574132 6751423 7615243 7162534 1726354 1273645 2176354 2713645 7231654 7326145 3762415 3674251 when the Triple leaves leading, the two hind bells dodg until Triple parts them; but in all other respects 'tis the same with the former, and the bobs made in the same manner, and by the same rule as in that peal, and it will go as many changes also as that. College Triples, dodging behind. 1234567 2143576 2415367 4251376 4523167 5432617 5346271 3564721 3657412 6375142 6731524 7613542 7165324 1756342 1753624 7135642 7316524 3761542 3675124 6357214 6532741 College Triples, dodging before and behind. 1234567 2143576 2415367 4251376 2453167 4235617 2436571 4263751 2467315 4276135 2471653 4217635 4126753 1462735 1467253 4176235 4712653 7421635 4726153 7462513 4765231 Each of these two peals by the method here pricked will go Eighty four changes; and then when the Treble leads, and the half-hunt lieth next it, a Parting change being then made, they will go 420. And by making of bobs they will go 5040. 2 may be the half-hunt, or any other at pleasure. The Parting change is a double on the four middlemost of the six hind bells. 'Tis plainly demonstrable, that he Principle upon five may go 420 triples upon seven, which is a twelfth part; 840, which is a sixth part; or 1260, which is a fourth part of the whole, and the utmost period of triple changes. And then by making of four extremes it may go 5040, the complete peal. Great variety of peals may be pricked upon seven: as Triples, Triples and Doubles, Triples Doubles and Singles; Doubles, Doubles and Singles, etc. But changes upon seven being seldom practised, I will therefore forbear to waste more paper in pricking down examples, and proceed to the changes on eight. Changes upon Eight Bells. SIxscores upon five bells are commonly rung upon eight, three bells lying behind. The most musical to lie behind are 218, 418, 148, 248, 348, 468, 648, 548, 864, 241, 321. and 135 to be laid behind, and then 1 and 3 to dodg throughout the peal. And also 184 to be laid behind, and to go the six changes thus, 814. 841. 481. 418. 148. 184. 814. etc. and so on to the end of the sixscore. They may go the six either at whole or half-pulls. Peals upon six, as Triples and Doubles, etc. make exceeding good music upon Eigh●. 48. 68 41. or 18. lying behind. Or else Triples and doubles upon the six middle bells, the Triple leading, and the Tenor lying behind. And also Triples upon seven, the Tenor lying behind. But for such as have not yet attained the skill to ring these complete peals, Sett-changes are very proper for them, being easy and rung with little difficulty. College Grounds. THE grounds of these sett-changes are of two kinds. First, placing of the bells Fifths, or secondly Thirds. To place them fifths; the 4 must hunt up behind the 7, the 3 behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5. Or else the 5 may hunt down under the 2, the 6 under 3, and the 7 under 4. Or otherwise, first a single, than a double, and then a triple change to be made on the middlemost bells, all which are to one effect; for then the bells will lie fifths thus, 15. 26. 37. 48. Here are four Concord's to be chief regarded in the peal. The first is 15. the second 26. the third 37. and the fourth is 48. These four Concord's may go the methods of any changes upon four bells; 1.5 being taken for the Triple, 2.6 for the Second, 3.7 for the Third, and 4.8 for the Fourth; and the Concord's to change places with each other at pleasure. Wherein 'tis observable, that the two notes of every Concord must constantly attend each other in their motion; that is, whensoever one of the two notes moves, the other must follow it. For example: admit they were to go the twenty four changes, and that 1.5 were to hunt up over 2.6, 3.7, and 4.8. first therefore it must move up over 2.6, wherein it makes four changes: for first, the 5 moves up over the 2 thus, 12563748, the 1 must follow it thus, 2156.37.48. Then the 5 moves up over 6.2165.37.48. the 1 follows it again 26.15.37.48; here the two Concord's have made a change. In which manner also 1.5 must move up over 3.7. and 4.8. And in this manner are the Concord's to move and change places with each other throughout the peal. Or secondly, to place the bells thirds, the 64 and 2 must hunt up, or else the 3 5 7 down; or otherwise a triple, a double, and a single change to be made on on the middlemost bells; all which are to one and the same effect, for then the bells will lie thirds thus, 13.57.24.68. Here are also four Concord's principally to be regarded in the peal: the first is 1.3, the second 5.7, the third 2.4, and the fourth 6.8. These four Concord's may also go the methods of any changes upon four bells, 1.3 being taken for the triple, 5.7 for the second, 2.4 for the third, and 6.8 for the fourth, and they must move in the same manner as before I have showed. By these Grounds great variety of excellent and Musical changes are to be rung. If they go the twenty four, than the peal will consist of four times that number, that is, ninety six changes. But they may go only the first eight changes of the twenty four, and then the peal will consist of thirty two. Or else the first eight changes of a twenty four doubles and Singles, which will consist of forty eight if the double changes of the twenty four are singled, otherwise but thirty two as before. Any Concord may be made a hunt, and to move either up or down at the beginning: so that these Grounds afford great diversity. In the ringing of these Sett-changes the notes will lie sometimes fifths, sometimes thirds, and sometimes thirds and fifths, and then 'tis pleasant Music to Clam them, that is, the two notes of each Concord to strike together; and if they are claimed true, the eight bells will strike as if they were but four, but with far greater harmony. They may Clam two or three bouts, and then strike open as many, and so alternately; or else they may Clam one pull, open the next, and so on. To reduce the notes of the fifths to their right places again at the conclusion of the peal, either 2 3 4 must hunt down, or else 7 6 5 up; or otherwise a Triple double and single change to be made on the middlemost bells, all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells round. To reduce the thirds, either move down 246 into their places, or else move up 7 5 3 into theirs; or otherwise make a single, double, and triple change on the middlemost bells; all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells again round. The methods of all peals upon six bells may be pricked upon eight, observing but proportion in the changes, according to the difference in the number of bells, viz. Triples and doubles upon six must be quadruples and triples upon eight. Doubles upon six must be Triples upon eight, etc. Bob Major. PLain Quadruples and Triples. All the bells have a direct hunting course until the Treble leads, and then the six hindmost bells dodg. 12345678 21436587 24163857 42618375 46281735 64827153 68472513 86745231 87654321 78563412 75836142 57381624 53718264 35172846 31527486 13254768 13527486 By this method it will go 112. And by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Triple, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. To ring 224. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made. To ring 336. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made. To ring 672. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. By making of two extremes it will go 1344, and with four extremes it will go 2688. All peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon eight according to the method before pricked, but after this manner. If it is a peal upon six, which consists of 360 or 720 changes, then in the ringing of it upon eight there must be five hunts. The Treble may be the first hunt; 2 the second etc. Now the method of the peal must go on according to that before pricked until the Treble leads, and the 2 lie next it, and then two of the changes upon six are always made, the six hind bells making them: the first is always a triple change brought in by the course of the bells thus, 12436587, and the second either double or single according to the method upon six; and the third fourth and fifth Hunts in eight, are the whole half and quarter-hunts in the changes upon six, By this method it will go 40320 complete, but then every 112th change will be a double, and sometimes single in some peals. The bells may be brought round at 672 in some peals, but in others not till 1344. College Bob-Major. QVadruples and Triples. The first hath single dodging behind; the second single dodging before and behind; the third The first. The second. The third. The fourth. 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 21436587 21436587 21436587 21436587 24163578 24163578 24135678 24135678 42615387 42615387 42316587 42316587 46251378 24651378 43261578 24361578 64523187 42563187 34625187 42635187 65432817 24536817 36452817 24365817 56348271 42358671 63548271 42638571 53684721 24385761 65384721 24368751 35867412 42837516 56837412 42637815 38576142 24873156 58673142 24367185 83751624 42781365 85761324 42631758 87315642 24718356 87516342 24613785 78136524 42173865 78153624 41267358 71863542 41237856 71856342 41263785 17685324 14328765 17583624 14627358 16758342 13482756 15786342 16423785 double dodging behind; and the fourth double dodging before and behind. It may also be pricked a fifth way, viz. with single dodging before, and double dodging behind. And likewise a sixth way, viz. with doubled dodging before, and single dodging behind The dodging is without intermission except when Triple hindereth, and also betwixt two bells until Triple parts them. By this method each of them will go 112, and by making of bobs they will go 224, 336, or 672. The bobs are triple changes at the leadings of the Triple; in the first second and sixth the bell in the 4th place lieth still at the bobs, and in the third fourth and fifth the bell in the 2d place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in Bob-major next before. And the extremes made as in that peal, 2 may be the half and 4 the quarter-●unt in the four first, or others at pleasure. College Triples, dodging before and behind. BY this method it will go 112, 12345678 21435687 24153678 42513687 24531678 42536187 24563817 42568371 24586731 42587613 24578163 42571836 24517863 42157836 41275863 14725836 17452863 and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple-change at the leadings of the Triple, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in Bob-major, and the extremes also the same as in that peal. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. The Wild-Goofe Chase. TRiples. 12345678 21536784 25163748 52613784 56231748 65327184 63572814 36752841 37625481 73265418 72356148 27531684 25713648 52173684 51237648 15327684 13572648 31752684 37125648 73215684 72351648 The fourth bell must first hunt up into the 7th place, and then the 4 and 8 continually dodg behind throughout the peal, except when the Treble hindereth them. The bell that moves up into the 6th place when the Treble moves down from thence, lieth still there until the Treble displaceth it; during which time the two hind bells dodg, and the five first go a perfect hunting course. And also when the Treble moves up out of the 5th place, the five first bells go a hunting course until it comes down there again. By this method it will go eighty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 160, 240, or 480. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Triple, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. To ring 160. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the 2d and 3d places, a bob must at the same time be made. To ring 240. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the second and third places, a bob must then be made. To ring 480. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the second and third places, a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt makes a change there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 6 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. College Triples, dodging behind. THE method of ringing this peal is the same in all respects with that next before, with this only difference. Every time the whole-hunt leads, the triple change is here made on the six middle bells, which parts the two hind-bells, and so introduceth them by degrees into the body of the peal. By this method it will go 112, and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Triple, 12345678 21435687 24153678 42513687 45231678 54326187 53462817 35642871 36524781 63254718 62345178 26431587 24613578 42163587 41236578 14326587 13462857 31642875 36124857 63214875 wherein the bell in the 6th place lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 224 is the same with that in the 160 next before. In the 336 'tis the same with that in the 240 next before. And in the 672 'tis the same with that in the 480 next before. 2 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure. The Grand Experiment. QVadruples and Triples. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth up farther than the sixth place; for the six first bells go triples and doubles, it matters not of what sort, provided that the double changes at the leadings of the Treble are always made on the four hindmost of the six bells; which course of triples and doubles must be continued, the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging until the first Parting change is made, which will separate the two hindmost bells; and then the six first bells go the same course of triples and doubles again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, until the second Parting change is made, and so successively. The Parting change is a triple change on the six middle bells, and made at the leadings of the whole-hunt. The first Parting change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth leading of the Triple; observing, that whatsoever bell in the first Parting change moves down to the Triple, when the Triple leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second Parting change must then be made. And again, whatsoever bell in the second Parting change moves down to the Triple, when the Triple leads and that bell lieth next it again, the third Parting change must then be made, and so successively; there being seven Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the seven bells taking that place one after another. So that the seven persons that ring the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th bells, must call the Parting changes one after another, according as the aforesaid rule directs them: or else he that rings the Treble may do it, but not so well as the rest. To ring it with such peals upon six bells which consist of single courses, it will go 420; with double courses 840. This peal may also be rung triples, that is, the six first bells to go doubles, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, and the Parting changes to be made as before. But in ringing it with such Peals of Triples and Doubles, or else Doubles upon six bells, where the double change at every leading of the Treble is made in the 2d 3d 5th and 6th places, there, whatsoever two bells lie next the Triple at the first Parting change, the same two bells will lie next it at every Parting change, which will be a rule for calling them, there being only five Parting changes in it, which are triples as before. The first Parting change may also here be made either the first second third fourth or fifth time the Treble leads. If it is rung with peals upon six bells, consisting of single Courses, it will then go 300, with double Courses 600. This peal may also be rung by Concatenating of divers kinds of methods. For as the peal consists of several parts, viz. from one Parting change to the next, being accounted a complete part; so each part may be rung by a different method from the rest. For any peals upon six bells, whether doubles, or triples and doubles, consisting either of single or double Courses, may indifferently be rung together in this peal, succeeding each other in the several parts of it, and at every Parting change a new method to Begin. Or else any two of them to succeed each other alternately throughout the parts of the peal, or more or less at pleasure. But still observing, that all that are rung together in one peal must be such, where the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made on the four hindmost of the six bells; or else all of them such, where the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made in the second and third, and the fifth and sixth places. If they are of the first kind, then there will be seven Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts; and the half-hunts must successively call the Parting changes as before I have showed: if of the later kind, then but five Parting changes, which must be called by the same rule as before I have showed in ringing it with one peal of this kind. And also observing, if the first Parting change is made at the first second third or fourth leading of the Triple, than whatsoever method it goes at first, it must also go the same again after the last Parting change is made. But in ringing it with peals of the first kind, the second being made the first half-hunt, and to call the first Parting change; and with peals of the later, the 3d likewise: then the last Parting change in either of them will conclude the peal. This peal may go the method of the Experiment upon six bells, page 162, that is, the four first bells to go the Twenty four Doubles and Singles as in that peal; and the four hindmost bells in the mean time to dodg double. The Parting changes are triples on the middle bells, and the same rules observed in making and calling them, as in that peal: but here are seven of them in this, and 168 changes. The Experiment upon six may also be rung Comprehensively herein. The six first bells to go that complete peal, the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging; and every time the 3d bell comes to call the Parting change on six, then instead of it a Grand change must be made, that is, a triple on the six middle bells: and then the six first bells to go the complete peal again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, until the third bell calls another Grand change, and so successively; there being three of them in the peal, and 360 changes. If the bells are placed 23567148 at the beginning, the 4.8 will dodg behind the first sixscore of it, 4.1 the second, and 1.8 the third, and then the 5th may call the Grand changes in the place of the 3d; or any other three bells may be laid behind at first, for the sake of Musical dodging. The first Grand change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth Parting change, obferving, that whatsoever bell at the first Grand change should then in course have called a Parting change, every time that bell comes to call a Parting change, it must call a Grand change in the place of it: or else any one of the six first bells (the whole-hunt excepted) may be appointed beforehand to attend the calling of the Grand changes, observing, that every time that bell comes to call a Parting change, a Grand change must be called in the place of it. Imperial Bob. QVadruples and Triples. The Treble hath a dodging course. The two first and two last bells always dodg until the Treble hindereth them, and in the mean time the two next bells to those dodging bells do lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the Triple also hindereth them. And the two bells in the fifth and sixth places whilst the Treble is behind, and those in the 3d and 4th places when 'tis before dodg, until Triple likewise hindereth them. By this method it will go 224, and by making of bobs it will go 448, 672, or 1344. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Triple, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still. 12345678 21436587 12346578 21435687 24136578 42315687 24135678 42316587 24361578 42635187 24631578 42365187 24635817 42368571 24365817 42638571 24365871 42638517 24635871 42368517 24638157 42361875 24368157 42631865 24613857 42168375 24618357 42163875 41268357 14623875 41263857 14628375 14263857 41628375 14268357 41623875 46128357 64213875 46123857 64218375 46281357 etc. 16847253 16482735 18765432 bob 17864523 16573824 bob 15678342 17352648 17536284 13274586 13725468 12438765 12347856 14826357 14283675 18645273 18462537 16587432 bob 15684723 18753624 bob 17856342 15372846 15738264 13254768 13527486 12436587 12345678 To ring 448. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, as in this here pricked, where 2 is the half-hunt. To ring 672. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob must then be made. To ring 1344. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, others at pleasure. NOTTINGHAM Peals. Nottingham Mixed Peal. 1.6.2. THE Changes are plain Trebles and Doubles until the Treble leads, 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 132564 and then a single change is always made. The Peal called Old Doubles and Singles upon five bells is the ground of this Peal, every single in this peal being the single in that. For as in that peal the whole-hunt is one of the two bells that make every single; so likewise in this, the 6 being the half-hunt, is one of the two bells that makes every single change herein, except when it lieth next the whole-hunt, and then the single is behind; but when 2 lieth also next the 6, then extreme in the fourth and fifth places. Nottingham Trebles and Doubles. 1. 2. 3. THE ordinary course is to move directly, 123456 214365 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516342 153624 135264 312546 321564 except when the whole-hunt passes either out of or into the secand's place, and then constantly dodg behind. There are single and double bobs; the bob is a double change at the leading of the Triple, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. When the third hunt dodges behind, the second hunt then leading, is a warning for the single bob to be made at the next leading of the Triple. And when the second and third hunts dodg together behind, is a warning for the double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Triple. The two extremes in the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, p. 90. Nottingham Single Bob. 1. 5. 2. ONE time the Treble hunts quite up, 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654213 562431 526413 254631 245361 423516 432156 341265 314625 136452 bob 163425 614352 641532 465123 456132 541623 514263 152436 154263 the next time only up into the fourth place, and so by turns, as in the example here pricked. The bells observe the course of the Triple, and also dodg it being before; and once in 120 changes bob, when that bell which is nominated for the second hunt lying behind twice, meets with the third hunt when the first hunt is going to lead. The second and third hunts are both one. The first single, The second single. 124365 123465 124356 123456 Nottingham Bob. 1 and 2. THE Treble hath a dodging course, and every time it leads, the double is on the four middle hells, except the bobs which are made in the 2d and 3d, and the 5th and 6th places. The bobs are single and double. When the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lieth behind, is a warning for a double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Triple, there being but three changes betwixt the two bobs. And when the half-hunt lieth in the first and second places for twenty changes together, is a warning for a single bob to be made the second time the Treble leads. The extremes must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90. 123456 214365 241635 426153 421635 246153 264513 625431 624513 265431 256341 523614 526341 253614 235164 321546 325164 231546 213456 124365 142635 416253 412635 146253 bob 164235 612453 621543 265134 261543 625134 652314 563241 562314 653241 635421 364512 365421 634512 643152 461325 463152 641325 614235 162453 126543 215634 216543 125634 152364 513246 Redding Bob. THE Treble hath a dodging course, 123456 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 231465 324156 234516 325461 235416 324561 235461 324516 234561 325416 235146 321564 235164 321546 312564 135246 315264 132546 135264 and when it moves up out of the 2d place the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and when it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again, except only whilst it dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, and then the two hind bells lie still. When the Treble lieth behind the double is on the four first bells; and when it leadeth on the four last. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the 4th place lieth still. The rule of calling the bobs is the same with that in the College Bobs, page 162. Redding Bob according to the Cambridg way. THis is the same with the former, excepting only the double changes which are made when the Treble dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, 123456 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 321456 231654 236145 321654 312645 136254 316245 132654 136245 both in hunting up and down; which are here made on the four hind bells, whereas in that they were made on the four first bells: so that here the two hind bells dodg without intermission until the Treble hindereth them. This will also go 240, 360, and 720, and the bobs made by the same rule as the former. Fifteen OXFORD Peals. Adventure. 1 and 2. DOubles and singles. 12345 35142 12453 15243 21435 31542 — 15423 24135 35124 14235 14532 21453 31524 14325 14352 24153 13254 13452 — 42513 13524 13542 13425 42531 15342 — 13245 45214 15432 15324 12354 45231 — 15234 Extr. 54321 14523 12543 12345 54312 14253 Extr. 53421 12435 12534 53412 Extr. — Every bell leads four times. The Treble hath a dodging course; and is one of the two bells which makes every single change except when it leads, and then 'tis made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lieth next it, an extreme behind. Camelion. 1 and 2. EVery time the Treble hunts up and down, it makes a single in the third and 4th places, 12345 45213 21354 45123 23145 41532 23415 14523 24351 14251 42531 — and when it leads the single is there also; but when 2 lies next it, than an extreme behind. Every bell except the Treble leads four times. Medley. 1 and 5. DOubles and Singles. The Treble leads four times, lieth behind as many, and swice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. Every single is made behind, 12345 54132 21354 54123 21345 51432 23154 51423 23145 15243 32415 15234 34215 12543 32451 12534 34251 — 43521 14352 45321 14325 43512 13452 45312 13425 except when the Treble is either in the fourth or fifth places, and then in the second and third places. Every time the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, except when the Treble goeth to lead if the 5th gives it place, and then the double is made on the four first bells. Oxford Paradox. 1 and 5. DOubles and singles. Every bell leads four times, and lieth behind as many. Every single is made in the third and fourth places until the Treble leads, 12345 54312 21435 54132 21345 45312 23154 45132 23514 41523 32154 41253 32514 14523 35241 15423 35421 14532 53241 15432 53421 and then in the second and third places: but when the Triple leads and the fifth lieth behind, than the extreme in the third and fourth places. Halliwell. 1 and 2. Triple leads four times, 12345 54312 21354 45312 21345 54132 23154 54123 23145 51432 32415 51423 23415 15432 32451 15423 34251 14532 43521 14523 45321 — lies behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when it leads and 2 lies next it, for then an extreme is made in the third and fourth places. Oxford Sixscore. THE Treble hath a direct hunting course, 12345 32514 21345 32154 23145 31254 23415 13254 23451 13524 32541 as in plain changes; and the changes are all single except when the Treble lieth behind, and then a double is made on the four first bells; and when it leads, the single is in the third and fourth places, but when 2 lieth next it an extreme behind. Fortune. 1 and 2, DOubles. 12345 13254 21354 — 23145 14523 32415 14532 34251 — 43521 12354 45312 Extr. 54132 12534 51423 — 15432 14352 15423 14325 — — 13245 etc. The Treble is a perfect hunt, and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindereth them. Every time the Treble leads, a single is made behind, except when 2 lieth next it, and then an extreme in the third and fourth places. Oxford Single Bob. Triples, Doubles, and Singles. 1. 2. and 3. THE Treble hath a direct hunting course; 123456 214365 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516342 153624 156342 513624 531642 356124 365214 and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindereth them. When the Treble leads, the double is on the four hind bells. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by making of singles it will go 120, 240, 360, or 720. The singles in the 120, 240, and 720, must be made by the same method with those in Old Triples and Doubles, page 109. And to ring 360, every time the 1.2 lie together before, the single must be made behind; and when 1.2.3 lie together there, than the single in the fourth and fifth places. Oxford Double Bob. Triples, Doubles, and Singles. WHen the Treble leaves the two first bells, 123456 246135 214365 421653 241356 412635 423165 146253 243615 142635 426351 416253 243651 461235 426315 they dodg until it comes there again; but in all other respects 'tis the same with the former. And the singles in the 120, 240, 360, and 720, to be made as in that Peal. Oxford Single Bob. THE method of this Peal is the same in all respects with Oxford Single Bob, Triples Doubles and Singles, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made in stead of the singles in that. By making of bobs it will go 180 or 360. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Triple, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still. To ring 180, there must be a whole and half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt is before and the half-hunt behind, the next change is to be a bob. To ring 360, there must be a whole, half, and quarter-hunt, viz. First, when the whole-hunt comes to lead, and the half-hunt to fall behind, the next change is a bob: and Secondly, when the whole-hunt leads before the quarter-hunt, and the half-hunt is in the fifth place, the next change is also a bob. The 1 and 5 may be the whole and half-hunts in the 180, and 1.5.3 the whole, half, and quarter-hunts in the 360, or others at pleasure. Oxford Double Bob. THE method of this peal is the same in all respects with Oxford double Bob before, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made instead of the singles in that. The bobs are here made in the same manner, and called by the same rule in the 180 and 360, as in Oxford single Bob next before; and the two extremes in the 720, both in this and the last peal, must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction. Oxford Triple Bob. THE Treble is the whole-hunt, 123456 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 321456 234165 243615 426351 423615 246351 264531 625413 624531 265413 256143 521634 526143 251634 215643 126534 216543 125634 152364 513246 153264 512346 521364 and hath a dodging course. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it leads, and then a double is made on the four middle bells, which parts the two hind bells; but then the two hind bells dodg again until the Treble displaceth them. Every bell leads twice (except when the Treble dodgeth there) and as they hunt up and down do make a dodg in the third and 4th places. When the Treble moves up from dodging before, the bell that dodged there with it continues in the first and 2d places, lying twice together in each, until the Treble comes down to dodg there with it again. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 360. At the bobs the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for them is this, When the half-hunt leads, and the Treble moves down, and dodgeth there with it, a bob must then be made at that leading of the Triple. The 3 may be the half-hunt, or any other. Oxford Triple Bob, the second way. THis peal is in all respects the same with that next before, 123456 254613 214365 245163 124356 421536 213465 425163 231645 241536 326154 214356 321645 123465 236154 213456 263514 124365 625341 142635 623514 416253 265341 146235 256431 412653 524613 421563 526431 245136 except the double change which is made when the Treble moves up out of the second place, and also down into that place again, which is here made on the four middle bells, and consequently parts the two hind bells, which in the former peal continued dodging together. This will also go 360, the bobs being made in the same manner, and also the warning for them the same, as in the former peal. Oxford Riddle, or the Hermaphrodite. Triple is the whole-hunt; whilst 'tis hunting up the two last bells dodg, and whilst 'tis hunting down the two first. 123456 341652 214365 314562 241356 135426 423165 134562 432615 315426 346251 351462 432651 534126 346215 543216 436125 Every time it leads and lieth behind, the double is made on the four farthest bells from it. Every bell leads twice and lieth behind twice, except the dodging hinder. By this method it will go sixty changes triples and doubles, and then by making of singles as in Old triples and doubles, it will go 120, 240, or 720. My Lord. 144. DOubles. Triple is a perfect Hunt. Every bell leads twice, and then moves up into the third place where it lieth twice, 123456 213465 231456 324156 342516 432561 423651 243615 234165 321465 312456 132465 123645 — and then moves down again except the motion of the Treble hindereth. When the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells; and when it leadeth, 'tis on the four middle bells. But when it leadeth, and the 6 lieth behind, than a single in the third and fourth places. If a double be made on the four hind bells, at every third leading of the Triple it will go 180 complete doubles; and then by making of two singles it will go 360, or with four singles 720. Seventeen Peals composed at CAMBRIDGE, by Mr. S.S. My Honey. 1 and 2. I In this peal there is a whole-hunt and an half-hunt. 12345 31254 54321 21354 31245 45231 21345 13254 54231 23154 — 45213 23145 13524 54213 32415 15342 45123 23415 — 45132 32451 15432 41523 23451 51423 41532 32541 51432 14523 23541 54123 — 32514 54132 14253 23514 45312 12435 32154 54312 — 32145 45321 12453 The whole-hunt lieth always four times before, and four times behind, and twice in every other place. The two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hindereth, except when the whole-hunt is before, at which time there are four changes made of a four and twenty doubles and singles; the first of which is a double change brought in by the course of the bells (as in the following ●eal appeareth) 13254; the second is a single in the third and fourth places (13524); the ●hird is a double on the four last (15342), ●nd the fourth a single again in the third and fourth places (15432), except when the ●alf-hunt is with the whole-hunt before, than it is to be an extreme behind. When the whole-hunt leaves the third's place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till it returns into he same place again. The Whirligig. 1 and 5. IN this peal, first the bells dodg behind (and not before) till the whole-hunt hindereth them; and the next course they dodg in like manner before (and not behind) till the whole-hunt hindereth them; and so by turns throughout the whole peal. When the whole-hunt is before, if the bells were dodging behind before it came to lead, single behind; if they were dodging before, single in second's and third's place: and when the whole-hunt leads, and half-hunt is in Tenor's place, there is always an extreme to be made in 3d and 4th place, which is every fourth time the whole-hunt leads. 21354 51243 31245 41352 23145 52134 32154 43125 32415 25314 23514 34215 34251 52341 25341 43251 43521 25431 52431 34521 45312 52413 54213 43512 54132 25143 45123 34152 51423 21534 41532 31425 15432 12354 14523 13245 15423 13254 14532 13425 Jacks-on-both-side. 1 and 5. IN this peal the bells always dodg both before and behind, till the whole-hunt hindereth them; except when both the Hunts 21354 45132 52143 32514 23451 53421 23145 54312 25413 23541 32541 35412 32415 45321 52431 32451 23514 53142 34251 54231 25341 34215 32154 51324 43521 45213 52314 43125 31245 15234 34512 54123 25134 41352 13254 — 43152 51432 21543 14325 13524 15243 41325 15342 12534 14235 31542 51423 14352 — 12354 41253 35124 14532 15324 21345 42135 53214 41523 51234 23154 24315 35241 are together either before or behind; for then the two farthest bells from the Hunts do leave dodging for the next change only which is always a double made by the two Hunts and the two next bells to them. The singles and extremes are made as in the Old Doubles. Winwick Doubles. 1 and 3. IN this peal, first, the two hindmost bells dodg till the whole-hunt dindreth them, till the first single is made: and then the two foremost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hindereth them, until there be made another single, and so they continually dodg successively throughout the whole peal. There are six singles which are made in the same manner as in St. Dunstan's Doubles, page 127. 21354 41532 31254 41523 23145 45123 32145 45132 32415 54213 23415 54312 34251 52431 32451 45321 43521 25341 23541 54231 45312 23514 32514 45213 54132 32154 23154 54123 51423 31245 21345 51432 15432 13254 12435 15342 14523 — 14253 — 13524 15324 Non-such. 1 and 2. IN this peal the bells always dodg both behind and before till the whole-hunt hindereth them, except when both the Hunts are together either hehind or before: for the● the bells omit dodging for the next change, as in Jacks-on-both-side. There are four singles which are all made in the 3d and 4th places every third time that the whole-hunt leads. 21435 25134 32415 53214 54231 34521 24153 52314 23451 35241 45321 35412 42513 25341 32541 53421 43512 53142 24531 52431 23514 54312 34152 51324 42351 25413 32154 45132 31425 15342 24315 52143 31245 41523 13452 — 42135 51234 13254 14532 14325 15432 41253 15243 — 15423 41352 14235 12534 13524 51432 43125 12453 21354 31542 54123 34215 21543 23145 35124 45213 43251 Cambridg Delight. 2 and 4. IN this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them. When the whole-hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the half-hunt hinders them, whose course is the same with the course of the half-hunt in Grandsire. There are two singles which are made by the same rule as in Grandsire. 13254 15243 14235 45231 31524 12534 41325 42513 13542 21543 43152 24531 31452 25134 34512 25413 34125 52143 35421 52431 43215 51234 53241 54213 42351 15324 52314 45123 24315 51342 25341 41532 23451 15432 23514 14352 32415 14523 32541 13425 34251 41253 35214 31245 43521 42135 53124 32154 45312 24153 35142 23145 54132 21435 53412 — 51423 12453 54321 23154 Cambridg Delight, another way. 1 and 4. IN this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, as in the former Peal. When the half-hunt leaves the 3ds' place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hinders. It differeth from the former peal in this; 21354 51234 31524 23145 52143 35142 32415 25413 53412 34251 24531 54321 43521 42351 45231 45312 43215 42513 54132 34125 24153 51423 31452 21435 15432 13425 12453 14523 14352 14235 41532 41325 41253 45123 43152 42135 54213 34512 24315 52431 35421 23451 25341 53241 32541 52314 35214 23514 25134 53124 32154 21543 51342 31245 12534 15324 13254 15243 13542 13245 That whereas in that the bells always begin to dodg before when the whole-hunt leaves third's place, and are parted by the half-hunt; in this they begin to dodg before when the half-hunt leaves the third's place, and are parted as well before as behind by the whole-hunt. It differeth also, in that the half-hunt in this peal always bobbeth behind on the contrary stroke to what it doth in the former peal; there are two singles, which are made as in the former peal. The Dream, upon five bells. 1 and 2. IN this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, except when the two Hunt's are together before. Or it may be rang by making the two foremost bells dodg always, except the Hunts be together behind. There are six single changes which are all behind every other time the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt at every single lying either in the 2d or 3ds places. 21435 51342 41235 53142 24153 53124 42153 35412 42513 35214 24513 34521 45231 32541 25431 43251 54321 23451 52341 42315 53412 24315 53214 24135 35142 42135 35124 21453 31524 41253 31542 12543 13542 14235 13524 — 15324 — 15342 12534 14253 51324 etc. The Contention upon five bells. 1 and 2. IN this peal the two hindmost bells dodg as in the former peal till the Hunt's are together before for twenty changes; and then for the next twenty changes the two foremost bells dodg, except the Hunt's are together behind. There are six singles which are made as in the former peal. 21435 51342 41523 41235 24153 53124 45132 42153 42513 35214 54312 24513 45231 32541 53421 42531 54321 23451 35241 24351 53412 24315 53214 42315 35142 42135 35124 24135 31524 41253 31542 21453 13542 14235 13452 12543 15324 — 14325 — 14253 12534 &c. The Cheat. 1 and 3. IN this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, and the two foremost bells dodg till either the whole or half-hunt hinders. Or on the contrary, the two foremost bells may dodg till the whole-hunt hinder, and the two hindmost till either the whole-hunt or half-hunt hinder. Or it may be rang a third way, by joining both these courses together, ringing twenty changes of it one way, and the next twenty changes the other way throughout the peal. There are six singles which are all made behind, every second time the whole-hunt leads; or at pleasure it may be rang with twelve singles, which are likewise all made behind. 21354 41532 31542 51243 23145 45123 35124 52134 32415 54213 53214 25314 34251 45231 52341 23541 43521 54321 25431 32451 45312 53412 52413 34215 54132 35142 25143 43125 51423 31524 21534 41352 15432 13542 12543 14325 14523 — 15234 — 13524 14352 etc. Topsie-turvie. 1 and 2. 21354 41532 31542 21453 23145 45123 35124 24135 32415 54213 53214 42315 34251 45231 35241 24351 43521 54321 53421 42531 45312 53412 35412 24513 54132 35142 53142 42153 51423 31524 51324 41235 15432 13542 15234 14325 14523 — 12543 — 13524 14352 &c. Jumping Doubles dodging before. IN this peal every change is a jumping change (in which one bell leaps over two bells at once,) except when the Treble is either behind or before, for then there is always a plain double change made, or else a single at the end of each sixty changes. Triple 12345 31254 54132 24513 53241 43521 21534 23145 45213 42351 35421 34215 52143 32514 54321 24531 53214 43152 25314 23451 45231 42315 35142 31425 52431 32541 54312 24153 51324 13254 25341 23415 45123 41231 15432 — 52413 32154 51432 14352 14523 13245 25134 21345 15243 13425 41352 etc. 51243 12453 12534 31542 34125 15324 14235 21453 53124 43512 13542 41523 42135 35412 34251 is a perfect Hunt; the two foremost bells always dodg until the Treble hinder. When the Treble is hunting up, the jumping changes are all made by the bell in the Tenor's place, jumping into third's, except only that one when Triple goeth out of second's place into third's; for then the bell in the 3ds' place jumps into Trebles, where it dodgeth with the bell in the 2ds' place till Treble hinder. When Treble is hunting down every jumping change is made by the bell in the 3ds' place jumping into Tenor's, except when it goeth out of third's place into second's, for then the bell in Treble's place jumps into 3ds. And observe always, that when Triple is going to lead the first time, the bell in Tenor's place jumps into third's, and the next time the bell in the third's place into Tenor's throughout the peal. There are two singles which are made, as in Grandsire. Jumping Doubles dodging behind. IN this peal Triple is a perfect Hunt, as in the former. The two hindmost bells always dodg till Treble hinders. When Treble is hunting up the bell in the thirds place always jumps into Treble's, excepting only when Treble goeth out of third's place into fourth's; for then the bell in Tenor's place jumps into 3ds. And observe, that every second time the Treble goeth out of 4th into 5ths' place, the bell in Treble's place jumps into 3ds; whereas at other times at the same change the bell in 3ds' place jumps into Treble's. When Treble leaves the 5ths' place hunting down, the bell in the 3ds' place jumps into Treble's; when she leaves 4ths' place the bell in 3ds' place jumps into Tenor's. When she is either in the 2d or 3ds places hunting down, the bell in the Treble's place jumps into 3ds. There are two singles made, as in the former Peal. 12345 31425 52143 24513 25341 34251 31254 43152 25314 45231 52431 23415 23145 34215 32541 54321 45213 32154 32514 42351 23451 35412 54132 21345 53241 24531 42315 53124 41523 13254 35421 52413 24153 31542 15432 — 43512 25134 41235 15324 14523 13245 34125 51243 12453 13542 51432 etc. 41352 12534 14235 51324 45123 13425 15243 21453 35142 54312 14352 21534 42135 53214 43521 Symphony, upon six bells. 1. 2. and 3. IN this peal are 720 changes, all doubles except twelve singles, which are made as in plain Trebles and Doubles on six bells. The two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them, except when a single is is made in the 4th and 5th places. When the whole-hunt leaves the 4ths' place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till it leaves the same place again hunting down: but it may be rang at pleasure to make the bells dodg perpetually before as well as behind, by making in every twelve changes two Trebles, one of them when the whole-hunt leaves the 3ds' place hunting up, and the other when it leaves the 4ths' place hunting down; so that there will be in the whole peal Sixscore Treble-changes. When the whole-hunt is behind, the four fore-most bells dodg; when the whole-hunt is before, the four hindmost dodg. 213465 316254 615342 514623 412536 231456 361245 651324 541632 421563 234165 362154 653142 546123 425136 324615 632514 563412 456213 245316 234651 362541 653421 546231 425361 326451 635241 564321 452631 243561 236415 365214 654312 542613 423516 326145 635124 564132 452163 243156 321654 631542 561423 451236 241365 312645 613524 516432 415263 214356 132654 163542 156423 145236 124365 136245 165324 154632 142563 124635 &c. Grandsire upon Symphony. 1. 2. and 6. THis peal of Symphony may be rang with but two single or two triple changes at the end of either Eighteenscore, by ringing it with single and double bobs, as in Grandsire Bob. The rule for calling the bobs in this peal is the very same as in Grandsire Bob, but when the bob-changes are to be made, the Hunt's do not lie in the same order as in Grandsire Bob; for in this peal at a single bob the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt is in the 5th place, and the quarter-hunt in the 4th place. And at the first bob of a double bob the half-hunt is in Tenor's place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds' place; and at the later bob the 213465 316254 316542 316425 612354 231456 361245 361524 361452 621345 324165 632154 635142 634125 263154 234615 362514 365412 364215 623514 324651 632541 635421 634251 263541 236451 365241 364521 362451 625341 326415 635214 634512 632415 265314 236145 365124 364152 362145 625134 321654 631542 631425 631254 261543 312645 613524 613452 613245 216534 132654 163542 163425 163254 126543 136245 136524 136452 162345 125634 etc. half-hunt is in the 5th place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds' place, just contrary to what it is in Grandsire Bob. I have pricked this peal with two Triple changes in every twelve; so that if you make two Trebles more at the end of either Eighteenscore (which must be made when the whole-hunt is going to lead just two changes sooner than if you should have made a single) there will then be in the whole 720 just Sixscore and two Triple changes. Trebles and Doubles on six Bells with six Singles. 1. 2. and 3. THis peal is taken on't of the Dream upon five bells. Every time the whole-hunt is before, there being two changes of that peal made in this. Every bell is a perfect 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 654123 561432 516342 153624 bob. 135642 153462 135426 153246 152364 125634 126543 162453 164235 146325 bob 164352 146532 145623 154263 152436 125346 125364 sing. etc. Hunt, when the whole-hunt is before dodg on the four hindmost, except the half-hunt be either in the 5th or Tenor's place, than always bob as in Grandsire Bob, except the quarter-hunt lieth next to the half-hunt, for than it is always to be a dodg on the four hindmost. Every other time that the whole-hunt and half-hunt come together before, there is a single, which is always made behind. A Twelvescore Trebles and Doubles. upon Six Bells. IN this peal the four foremost bells go a four and twenty Doubles and Singles, observing 214365 234165 261453 156423 241356 324156 216435 165243 423165 231465 124653 — 243156 213456 214635 615234 421365 124365 126453 165324 412356 142635 162435 — 143265 416253 614253 163542 142356 461235 612435 136452 413265 642153 164253 — 431256 641235 146235 316425 342165 462153 412653 136245 432156 426135 142563 — 341265 241653 — 132654 314256 421635 145236 154326 123564 132465 246153 — — 134256 264135 514362 213546 312465 621453 154632 123456 321456 624135 — — always, That for one Four and Twenty the bell in the Treble's place is the hunting bell, and for the next the bell in the 4ths' place throughout the peal, the two hindmost bells always dodging till the end of the Twenty Four; at which time there is a double made (if the bell in the Treble's place was the Hunt in the Twenty Four) on the four middlemost; but if the bell in the 4ths' place was the hunting bell, the double is to be made in Triple and 2d and 4th and 5th places. Cambridg Bob. THE Treble hath a constant dodging course; 123456 325416 214365 352146 123465 531264 214356 532146 241365 351264 423156 315246 421365 132564 243156 315264 234516 132546 325461 135264 324516 312546 235461 135246 324561 312564 235416 321546 234561 etc. and when it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when the Treble dodgeth before, and then they lie still. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble comes there. When the Triple leaves dodging before, every bell leads twice, except when the Treble lieth still behind, and then the two first bells make a dodg. Bobs are made as in Grandsire Bob, and the warning for them the same also with that. Fourteen more Peals, composed at CAMBRIDG. Doubles and Singles on five Bells. The Parasite. 1 and 5. IN this peal the Bells behind always dodg, except the Treble prevents them. When Treble is leaving the 3ds' place hunting up, the bells before dodg at whole pulls, if Tenor be not one of them, until it parts them. The course of the bells in hunting is the same with tendering. 12345 35241 31524 42531 21354 35214 31542 42513 21345 53124 35124 24153 23154 53142 35142 24135 23145 51324 53412 21453 32415 51342 53421 21435 32451 15324 54312 12453 23415 15342 54321 12435 23451 13524 45231 14253 32541 13542 45213 14235 32514 &c. The Tulip. 1 and 2. IN this peal Triple hunteth as in tendering. 21354 51423 21345 51432 23154 54123 23145 54132 32415 45312 32451 45321 23415 54312 23451 54321 32541 45231 32514 45213 23541 54231 23514 54213 32154 45123 32145 45132 31254 41523 31245 41532 13254 14523 13524 14253 15342 12435 15432 12453 &c. When Treble is in third's place hunting up, the bells dodg before at whole-pulls, till it comes and parts them. When it is in third's place hunting down the bells behind always dodg, except it leadeth, till it parts them. When Treble is before there are four changes of twenty four doubles and singles; whereof the first is brought in by the hunting of the bells. All the singles in the Twenty four are made in the 3d and 4ths place, except 12 before, then extreme behind. The Honey-suckle. 1 and 2. IN this peal every bell leads four times. While every bell but Treble is leading, the bells behind always dodg: every 4th change is made by the four foremost bells. When Treble is leading there are four changes of Twenty four doubles and singles made as in the the former peal. The first change is on the four bells before. 21435 53421 51342 24351 21453 53412 51324 24315 24135 35142 53142 42135 24153 35124 53124 42153 42513 31542 35214 41235 42531 31524 35241 41253 45213 13254 32514 14523 45231 13524 32541 14253 54321 15342 23451 12435 54312 15432 23415 12453 etc. Peals on 5 bells, with twelve Singles. Blunderbus. 12. IN this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Triple and 2d are together either before or behind, the farthest bells from them dodg till either of them part, excepting the extremes. When the Treble is before a single in 3d and 4th place, which is unmade the next time except 12; for then the Hunts being together before, the bells behind must dodg according to the rule forementioned. 21354 14325 13452 51234 23154 23145 41235 13542 15324 21345 32415 42153 31452 15234 12354 34251 24513 34125 51324 12534 43521 25431 43215 53142 — 34512 52341 42351 35412 21543 43152 53214 24531 53421 25134 41325 35124 25413 35241 etc. 14235 31542 42143 32514 Hudibras. 1 and 2. IN this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble is before a single always in 3d and 4th place which is unmade the next time, except it be 12, for then the bells behind dodg until Triple parts them. 21354 15423 14532 31245 25143 23145 51243 14352 13425 21534 32415 52134 41532 63245 12354 34251 25314 45123 31425 12534 43521 23541 54213 34152 — 45312 32451 52431 43512 21543 54132 34215 25341 45321 25134 51423 43125 23514 54231 etc. 15243 41352 32154 52413 Weston Doubles. 1 and 5. IN this peal Triple is is a perfect Hunt. Every other time Triple is leaving the 3ds' place hunting up, the bells before dodg till it comes and parts them: the bells behind dodg but when Triple hinders them, except the extremes which are in 3d and 4ths place when it is 12 before; all the other singles are made behind when Triple is leading. It may be rang by making all the singles behind, by making the change before it is 12 on the bells before. 12345 13254 51432 45123 32514 21354 13245 15423 41532 23154 23145 31254 15432 14523 21345 32415 32145 51423 14532 12354 23451 23415 54132 41523 — 32541 24351 45312 45132 12534 23514 42531 54321 54312 etc. 32154 45213 45231 53421 31245 54123 54213 35241 Peals on five bells with 10 Singles. The Antilope. IN this peal the bells hunt as in Grandsire. When Treble is before, a single is always made by the Tenor, and the bell which followeth it, except two doubles which are made as the singles in Grandsire. It may be rang like Cambridg delight either way by observing the same method if like Cambridg delight the common way; and by making the singles by the half-hunt and the bell before it, if like Cambridg delight the other way. 21354 15243 34152 24531 53214 41253 23145 12543 31425 25413 52341 — 32415 21534 13452 52143 25431 15432 34251 25143 13425 51234 24513 14532 43521 52413 31452 15324 42153 — 45312 54131 34125 13524 41235 12354 54132 45321 43215 31542 14253 Extr. 51423 43512 42351 35124 14235 13245 The Maremaid. IN this peal behind dodg twelve changes, 13254 12435 31245 21345 32154 12354 23145 21534 21354 12543 12534 15234 15243 51243 51234 15423 52143 51432 25134 15342 21543 51324 21453 53124 &c. excepting the sixth which is made on the bells before, and the twelfth which is a single in the 3d and 4ths places; and twelve changes before, excepting also the sixth, which is made by the bells behind, and the twelfth which is a single in 2d and 3ds places. When they dodg behind, every odd change is on the last bells, and every even one a bob, excepting these two changes. When they dodg before, every odd change is a bob, and every even one on the four first bells, excepting likewise those two changes which are made according to the forementioned rule The Checkquer. 1 and 5. IN this peal the Treble is whole-hunt, and Tenor the half-hunt for twenty changes; and then Tenor the whole-hunt and triple the half-hunt for the next twenty, 21354 31254 23145 13524 32415 15342 34251 51432 43521 54123 45312 45213 54132 42531 51423 24351 15432 42315 14523 24135 41532 42153 45123 24513 54213 25431 52431 52341 25341 53214 23514 35124 32154 31542 31245 13452 13254 31425 13245 13425 &c. and so they hunt by turns throughout the peal. When Treble is the whole-hunt the bells behind always dodg, except it hinders them; and when Tenor is the whole-hunt, the bells before, except that hinders them; when Triple is before and Tenor dodging behind, a single made by the Tenor and the bell which dodged with it; when Tenor is behind and Triple dodging before, a single made by the Triple and the bell which dodgeth with that. THis peal may be rang by hunting the Triple and Tenor as before, and it differeth from it only in this; 21354 12543 23145 21453 32415 24135 34251 42315 43521 43251 45312 34521 54132 35412 51423 53142 15432 35124 14523 53214 41532 35241 45123 53421 54213 54312 52431 45132 25341 41523 52314 14532 25134 15423 21543 51243 12534 15234 21534 15243 &c. when it is 15 behind in the hunting of the Triple, the bells before dodg till Tenor parts them; and when it is 15 before, in the hunting of the Tenor the bells behind dodg till Triple parts them: and then when Treble is the whole-hunt and Tenor half, it is plain Cambridg delight inverted. It may be rang by hunting the half-hunt, as in Cambridg Delight the other way, in either of those ways of ringing it, but then the single is always made by the hunting bell. An example in that like Cambridg Delight the other way. Gogmagog. 1.5. IN this peal the bells hunt as in Grandsire, 21354 34512 12543 23145 43152 21534 32415 41325 25143 34251 14352 52413 43521 — 54231 45312 14325 45321 54132 41352 43512 51423 43125 34152 15243 34215 31425 12534 32451 13452 21543 23541 — 25134 25314 13425 52314 52134 31452 53241 51243 34125 35421 15234 etc. and it differeth from it in this, That there is not every other time a single bob, but in stead of a single one every other time a double one: so that only once in four times there is a single bob; when Tenor is dodging behind there is always a single made by it, and the bell which dodgeth with it if Triple leadeth, otherwise not. 14. THis peal may be rung like Cambridg Delight, if every other time the dodging before be omitted; or it may be rang by dodging constantly as in Cambridg Delight, by making double bobs and single bobs as in Grandsire: it may likewise be rang by making the course of the half-hunt in all the ways of ringing it the same with Cambridg delight the other way; observing in all of them to make the singles as before directed. An example of that like Cambridg Delight the other way, in which the dodging before is every other time omitted. 14. 21354 14523 12534 34152 25314 23145 41532 — 31425 52134 32415 45123 12543 13452 51243 34251 54213 21534 14325 15234 43521 52431 25143 41352 — 45312 25341 52413 43125 15243 54132 52314 54231 34215 51234 51423 25134 45321 32451 52143 15432 21543 43521 23541 Cambridg Marigold. 1.2. and 3. IN this peal are 720 changes, 214356 312564 165432 241536 321654 164523 425136 236154 — 452316 263514 146253 453261 265341 142645 542361 623541 — 543216 625314 124365 534126 652134 124635 351426 561234 etc. 315246 516324 132546 153624 135264 156342 which are all doubles except 12 singles which are made as in Plain trebles and doubles. Triple is a perfect Hunt, and except the dodges (which are the same as in Oxford double Bob) every double change is made by the triple and the three next bells to it: observing always that the bell in Tenor's place lieth still till it giveth place to the Triple, or be removed by a dodg behind when the Treble is before. When Treble leaveth 3ds' place hunting up, the bell that than comes before, leads thrice, and likewise the next bell after it till Treble cometh back into 3ds' place again; at all other times every bell leads twice. The bell in Tenor's place lieth five times behind, (and when the single is made in the middle ten times) till triple remove it; and when triple comes back it lieth five times more behind, and then is displaced by a dodg behind and hunts down at whole-pulls. This peal may be rang by making bobs single and double as in Grandsire Bob with but two singles or two trebles, which must be made just Eighteen score changes one from the other. The Nightingale. 1.2. and 3. IN this peal are 720 changes, which are all doubles except twelve singles, which are made as in the former peal; and if you ring Grandsire Bob upon it, there may be but two singles, or else two trebles, as in the Marigold. Triple is a perfect Hunt: the bells in 4th and 5th places dodg till triple parts them, 123456 356241 213546 536214 231456 356124 324156 531624 234516 513264 324561 153624 235461 156342 325416 — 235146 165432 321546 164523 312456 — 132546 146253 135264 142635 315624 — 351264 124365 532164 sing. 352614 124635 532641 — and then the two foremost bells do the like for eight changes together till treble hinders them, and giveth way to the other two bells to dodg again in the 4th and 5th places, which is always for three changes and no more, except when the single is made in that place, and then they dodg six times. When treble is behind, dodg the four first; when it is before on the four last, as in Marigold. FINIS.