AN answer TO A Scurrilous Pamphlet, entitled, Observations upon a complete History of the Lives and reigns of MARY Queen of Scotland, and of her Son King James, of Great Britain, France and Ireland the Sixth. The libeler without a Name, set out by G. Bedell and T. Collins two Booksellers: But the History Vindicated by the author WILLIAM SANDERSON Esq. LONDON, Printed for the Author, and are to be sold by George Sawbridge and Richard Tomlins. 1656. AN ANSWER TO A Scurrilous Pamphlet, &c. Page first. Paragraph first. THe first line names me, [One Mr. Sanderson (saith he) who hath lately written a Book, which he calls a complete History of Mary Queen of Scotland, and James her Son, the Sixth of Scotland and first of England.] He is false in his first Page; not vouchsafing to recite the truth▪ or to afford him the Title, K. James; and goes on [that it is not a History, but a libel, against all good Men, and good actions, and with most servile flattery, praiseth and exalteth the bad, both Men and matters: That this whole book is a rhapsody of Notes, and scattered papers, without order or method, exceedingly defective, both in time, place, and Nomination; unseemly and disjointed▪ a stile without understanding, &c. The language dark, harsh and intelligible.] Thus, his first page fills, and is false in all▪ In reciting my Ti●le which is, A complete History of the Lives and reigns of Mary Queen of Scotland, and of her son and Successor James the sixth, King of Scotland, and (after Queen Elizabeth) King of Great Britain, France and Ireland the first, of ever blessed memory. And in all and every one of the rest▪ his scandals, as to every particular, I submit to the censure of wiser men than myself, and honester than he the Observator, or these, his booksellers, Bedell and Collins. Page 2. [But (saith he) that you may the better know the Ware, Page ● out of this man's shop, I shall give you his Character, and trace him from his Parents.] His Father was a Gentleman, though poor; he was of kin to Sir Walter Raleigh, and in the time of his prosperity and greatness, was his servant, entrusted with his moneys, by which he became in arrears in great sums, which Sir Walter (after his troubles) sent for▪ But he pretended, that Sir Walter should owe him 2000l. whereupon Sir Walter commenced a suit against him, and Sanderson being overthrown, and found in arrears to Sir Walter, in very great sums, was cast into prison, and there died a poor contemptible beggar: And hence originally sprang all the spleen and malice of this man to Sir Walter.] His second Page wholly contains a scurrilous false scandal on my Father. My Father now dead 25. years since, and then about 90. years of age, whose extraction and descent anciently from Robter, Lords of Bedic in the bishopric of Durham, and as appears by his pedigree inrowled in the Office of arms, without craving advantage of kin to Sir Walter Raleigh: the other a Gentleman of greater Antiquity, and just and worthy memory; which might be sufficient for the dead, but not for me now living to vindicate from slander, I having no ambition to repeat his merits, as an advantage thereby to the dead, or to me, no otherwise than in duty I am bound, thus far to proceed therein, and farther to say, That my Father was bred up in the City of London under Tutelage of Mr Allen, Queen Elizabeth's Merchant, (one so called for his Maritime affairs) the most part of his youth beyond Seas: His elder brother dying, he became heir to 700. pound per annum, land of Inheritance, in several places, viz. In London, at Layton in Essex, (being his Country house and land, of retiring,) at Tunbridge in Kent, at Barstable in Deavon; in Ireland, of great value, until the Rebellion of Tyrone, and then sold for 1500. pounds; at Lambe●h, in Surry. At his return home, he settled himself in a fair house, now the hoop tavern in St Magnus' Parish London, his Inheritance there with other Tenements, His coat, arms, and Name, with the year of our Lord fixed in convenient places of that house do now evidence. And in this condition he wa● entrusted solely, to negotiate at Court▪ concerning the Queen's Part in all the Spanish prize goods. In which he was made Commissioner, and thereby to attend the then Lord Treasurer Burleigh, and often times to speak with the Queen, by favour of such as had relation to Her. Where he, at 30. years of age, married Margaret the Daughter of Hugh Snowdale, aliàs, Snedale, a Commander in the Queen's navy-royal. In all this time, Sir Walter Raleigh not qualified to keep other then ordinary Attendants, his condition (a younger Brother, and unsettled) enforced him, like a gallant Gentleman (I confess) and honourably, into foreign parts, France, Ireland, and several expeditions at Sea, to raise his fortunes by the Sword: and certainly Sanderson was never his soldier and disdained to be his Servant. But, Sir Walter returning home to his centre the Court, his sister's Daughter (Mrs. Snedale) married to Sanderson, who was become the Queen's Customer and Farmer, for the Over-lengths of Broad-cloaths; was pleased to descend so far, as to be a continual guest at Sanderson's House, then in London, and Layton in Essex, and his best friend, it seems; whither he brought his Wife a Guest, himself then in disgrace concerning her, (I will be civil.) And as Sir Walter's occasions had need, (Courtiers not being overnice to make them often) he engaged Sanderson for him in 16000l. and was indebted besides to Sanderson, in several sums of money, as his Cash-books do yet evidence, amounting to 4000l. (the Observator says, but 2000l.) And Sir Walter, in his journey towards his Arraignment at Winchester, Sanderson with other Gentlemen being in sight upon Hounslow-hea●h, Sir Walter was pleased to stop his Coach, and said Nephew Sanderson, upon my soul, I am more grieved for my engagements and debts to you, then for any other sufferings that may befall me▪ And good Mr. Lieutenant (of the Tower, sitting beside him) what e'er becomes of me and mine, I beseech the King to be good to this worthy Gentleman: Both of them weeping, upon my oath, that was present. And after Sir Walter's reprieve, became suits in Law between Sanderson, about Sir Walter's debts, and Shelbury the Solicitor: But, that Sanderson was then indebted, or ever Arrested, or sued for debts of Arrears to him, or cast in Prison, or died in Prison, a poo● contemptible beggar, Page 2. is most untrue and scandalous; for Sanderson lived some years in the Strand, where he died, and was embalmed many months, until his Sons came over from beyond Seas, and buried him in the Parish Church of Savoy, leaving Lands of inheritance to his Children, that live without begging; and so ●o original cause of malice, in my Father or Me, to Sir Walter Raleigh, with whom, in the Tower my Father and Mother, Page 2. myself and Brethren, were very often, in visits of civility, and respect to each other; and afterward, even at his Chamber door, the night before he suffered▪ For after S●r Walter's Sentence, and Repri●ve to the Tower close Prisoner, (and friendless, he says) only Mr. lessellss, my Lady's friend, did not leave her. This Gentleman can tell, that Mr. Sanderson, by his interest with the Lord Treasurer Salisbury, procured the effect and prayer of her Petition, to visit her Husband, and to be close Prisoner with him; and but time, for it was said, she suddenly conceived. But to evidence, that Mr. Sanderson's condition, was not likely to seek his Fortune, by serving Sir Walter, I am put upon the Readers patience, for my excuse and pardon, to add something more. For virtues consist not in Negatives. My Father was not wanting in the commendable mystery of the Merchant Adventurers; witness those long since printed Tractates, and many Manuscripts and Papers, which I have of his (and one Malynes his Assistant) for the discovery of the secret mystery of Bullion and moneys the exchange and rechange, single and double usance of moneys amongst Me●chants; the Cambio Regis, of which the Treasurers, Burleigh and Sackvile, would say, That Sanderson understood the Theory and practic more, then most English Merchants. Sir Abraham Dawes did profess, that he knew Mr Sanderson a worthy Merchant; and certainly, (said he) in comparison of him, many of us are but Pedlars. And being very well seen in the matter of moneys and Oar, he Farmed of King James the Mines royal of England, and so set hundreds of men at work, to his great expense and loss, in Derbyshire, Worcester-shire, Devon, &c. where abouts I have been often with him. He would complain of his deficiency, but was highly affected to Learned men and Arts; witness his own words, which so pleased Camden, that famous scholar, and his friend, that he put them into Latin. Non me suscepit gremio divina Mathesis, Nec studiis, (agnosco dolens) stellis ve doceri▪ &c. They are fully expressed and graven upon the English great Globes; which Globes, when that excellent Mathematician Wright, and the rare artisan Molineux, could not find any other person, willingly to disburse above 1000l. to perfect them, my father did: They are yet in being, great and small ones, celestial and terrestrial, in both our Universities, and in several Libraries (here, and beyond Seas:) The Inscription and Dedication to Queen Elizabeth, with Sanderson's Coat of arms and Name upon them, do manifest; for which, Garter, then principal K. of arms, (by the Queen's command) advanced the bearing of Sanderson's Crest, anciently the Talb●●, and his Motto, Rien sans Dieu, with an addition of a Globe terrestrial, affixed to the Sun in lustre, proper, with this Motto, Opera Mundi, to him and his h●ires for ever. The terrestrial being first presented to Queen Elizabeth, at an entertainment at my father's house (Than Newington-Butts) upon which she was pleased to descant, The whole ea●th, a present for a Prince; but with the Spanish King's leave, she said, alluding to his Emblem, a Spanish jennet, in speed upon the Globe of the Earth; his forefeet overreaching, with this Motto, Non su●●icit Orbis. At her second entertainment there, she receiving the celestial said, Thou hast presented me with the Heavens also: God guide me, to Govern my part of the one, that I may enjoy but a mansion place in this other. And afterwards, he employed Wright and other Mathematicians, to compose and frame, that then admired double sphere, presented by Sanderson to Prince Henry, with a Manuscript of the use thereof; not long since remaining in the Library of Saint James. He knowing my father's affection to Arts, commended Bloys, a man of skill pretending to the perpetual motion, which was endeavoured at my father's house, then at Islington, and brought to excellent observation, and at his cost and charges. A mighty Wheel it was, of large Circumference, erected upon Beams, with massy bolts of Iron, fastened to each spoke, which being set on going, in their very declining & descending of each in turn, shot their Bolts from the centre to the out-Circle, with such force in the fall, as raised the next spoke and bolt from his centre, who performed his part as the last before; and so in course: which at the first motion was of that might and swiftness, as, with horror and noise of clattering the bolts, affrighted the Prince and company, the first that saw its motion: But then in an hour, lessening by insensible degrees, the force weakened and wasting, the Motion at last stood still. It was framed and set up in a very large Barn, no other room being capable of the Circle. What need I number up his affection to the Art and uses of Navigation, to find out the Longitude and Variation, of the Variation of the Needle; as may appear by the work, the various intricate Maze, and Labyrinth of Lines and Circles, drawn upon several superficies of Bodies, do demonstrate the endeavour. His extraordinary sole expense and charge, with his own two Ships, the Sunshine and Rainbow, set out by him under command of that famous Navigator, John Davis, for the North-West passage, called by him Fretum Davis; where he named sundry places in reference to his Undertaker, as, Sanderson's Tower, Hope Sanderson, in honour of his Memory, and encouragement to others; They are so mention●d upon all Globes and Maps, here and beyond Seas, that ever I saw since. The particulars of all these, you may read in Hakluyt's Voyages and Discoveries, with Letters, Dedications, and other passages, to confirm what is here said. And at the return of Drake and Cavendish from compassing the Earth, in honour to them, and their Memory, which he desired, and in favour to him, they performed, baptising two of his Sons after their surnames: Drake died in the West Indies at Saint Dominica; but another Brother returned, both of them in pursuit after Sir Walter Raleigh, in his last unfortunate Voyage. Another Son cast away on the Coast of America; called than Norombega: Another, in discovery of the northwest passage, with Captain Weymouth: Another, in the East-Indies▪ Another, of some note, first, in the West Indies, and afterwards eight years a Commander with the Dutch against the Portingals in the East-Indies; then in Ireland, Scotland, Swethen, Germany; and lastly, (but the first colonel) that ever carried a double Reigment of 2000 men by Sea, about the Norway●ape, to the Emperor of Moscow, in service at Smolensco, against the Pole, where he was basely murdered by that Scot, Sir David Lesl●, as you may find mentioned and enroled upon Record, in the Office of arms. So much for my Father and them, and now, with favour, also for myself. Page 3. [For this man himself (says he) he lived, for aught I could ever hear (he hath inquired) at first, very obscurely, and studied heraldry.] I never durst presume to the knowledge of that noble Science and Study, heraldry, other than an admirer of that, and such like, honourable Studies, becoming a Gentleman, not to be wholly ignorant of, in some proportion; nor am I, in this particular, so far proficient, as to distinguish a bar in Bearing, to signify a Bastard. And so much acquainted I have been with Littleton, as to be Secretary to the Master of the Wards and Liveries, until his death, who succeeded Cicell, the Earl of Salisbury. [He tells us (says he) that he was servant to the Lord Rosse, Page 3. in his Spanish embassy; a fit Servant no doubt for such a Master; for what that Lord was is notoriously known to most men, yet living.] I tell you so now, but never before, that I was secretary to the Lord Rosse, being Ambassador extraordinary, to the King of Spain, who though well known to many men, whilst he lived, yet I believe (by your favour Sir) Not notoriously known to most men yet living. You notoriously, are mistaken; a million to one, that is odds enough. How ever, expect not of me, to ravel into your meaning, what that Lord was? In my return homewards from Spain, and after some stay in France, I came to Court; where it pleased that very reverent Prelate James Montague, Lord Bishop of W●nchester, to receive me near his Person, during his life; He having the honour to be admitted into King James Bedchamber (never any Church man so, before or since:) Prelate of the Garter, and Privy counsellor▪ & some have since observed his power with that King and great interest in ecclesiastical affairs, (an Observator, concerning him therein, must amend his mistaken notes) his virtues and learning, I did reverence; my poor endeavours could merit but little, though I had the means and occasion to improve, and so much of his esteem, which continued me in grace and favour which his right honourable Brother the Earl of Manchester, Lord Privy seal; and the Lord Montague: Who were pleased to own me, a professed servant (as I am) to all that noble family. He was at the siege of Breda under the Earl of Oxford, Page 3. to whom he gives the title of debost Lord. Not to be wholly ignorant of war, and a fair occasion offered, I was at the siege of Breda with the Earl of Oxford; secretary and paymaster to the Regiment▪ and very often upon duty; and the ensign being hurt, I bore his colours in the march into Cleveland & at the taking in of the Town of Cleve, but a volunteer in arms: being often sent over into England, to attend our council of war here, who disposed the English, in reference to that design, of assisting the Dutch, against the house of Austria. And in my Book, taking occasion to answer the calumnies throughout the History of great Britain, wherein the Author, Page 161. [Oxford (Says he,) was of no reputation in his youth, being very debauched and riotous, & having no means, maintained it by sordid and unworthy ways] In answer to whom, I derive that Earls high extraction, & descent from his first ancestors & their Creations; this man (say I) was now returned home from travel, to recover his former debaucheries, &c. And my observator suffering the other words from One printed 1653. quarrels now with mine, which rebukes the other, but modestly as to the truth. And certainly, Sir, these employments of mine, are not over contemptible, Page 3. nor masked, unless to your obscure condition, [That can not learn (as you say) that this man, meaning me, had ever any relation to the Court, more than at large; until he became secretary to the Earl of Holland, when he was Chancellor of Cambridge (which he never was (wise acre) but of the University) where he behaved himself (you say) so corruptly, that he was in great disgrace and scorn, turned out of his place, for taking bribes of divers scholars, to make them Doctors and bachelors of Divinity, when the King came to an entertainment at Cambridge, (With the Maior he means) so that for a long time after, those men were by every boy, called Sandersons Doctors.] How this scandal doth trench upon the University in general, and upon the worthy Graduates, than Commencers, in particular, I submit to their wisdoms; not minding to mix so grave an Accusation, with petty single interest of other things, in this place; but, to refer the Vindication as an Appendix to this Discourse, being of some consequence to be considered by itself, and that not briefly neither: For, until this libeler without a Name, no other Calumniator durst ever be so impudent, as once to tax those proceedings upon them or me. [A pretty while after, he says (which was many years before) he married the late Queen's laundress, and so m●ght perchance creep (again) into her chamber below stairs.] A scandal upon her, of double sense, as if I had crept thither before Marriage; to which herself makes answer, That she is a Gentlewoman tender of a scandal, and of the ancient Family of tyrril, and Sister to the now Sir Edward tyrril of Thornton, in the County of Buckingham, Knight and Baronet. That by her Office and Title, (Mrs. Laundress to the Queen's Body) and by her birth besides, was always a Companion above stairs, for a better woman than a libelers Wife, were he of more fame than him we suspect; and as for her honesty, she never had a Damarah to her Daughter, before she had a Husband. And Mr. Sanderson was able with above a 1000. to buy her this place, and not to beg it. That she never falsified her Oath▪ nor was perfidious to her sovereign. This is somewhat sharp Sir (a woman's honour is concerned) 'tis her own ink I'll assure you, without any gall of mine Sir; and you are well that it is no worse. [And now (Says he) I shall proceed to examine some particulars in his Book, Page 4. and decline any thing concerning the Queen of Scot●, or that part of the story.] It is the first part of my History (the whole containing above 600. large folioes) to which his Reading hath not reached so far before, being 128 folio, and not a fault to be found. [Only he will observe some passages of Queen Elizabeth's reign, that I give a harsher censure upon Essex and his offences, than any Writer heretofore.] Not by a hundred. He loves Traitors with his heart, it seems, and b● no means would have them, nor their Treason harshly censured. I● I thought it were not dangerous for his health, I could turn him to the Authors; for so he finding the truth, might despair and hang himself. Then he traverseth back again, and but● a word. [He seems (Says he) to intimate out of some discourse, between Secretary Davison and Queen Elizabeth, that she would have had the Queen of Scots poisoned by Pawlet and D●ury, which they refused.] All Authors herein, English, Scotish, Latin, French, Spanish, do intimate a cunning unwilling willingness in Queen Elizabeth, to stain her honour in the blood of the Queen of Scots, her Kinswoman, and next to succeed to this Crown; and yet desirous to be rid of her one way or another, she treats with Davison, out and in, what to do. He to be quit of the mischief (by example of Burleigh, for the hasty execution of Norfolk) advises with Hatton, and utterly refuses to engage any further, until the council encouraged him. Davison watching her doubtful humour▪ asked her plainly, if her mind were altered? No, (said she) but some other course might be taken: And demanded if Pawlet had returned his answer, whose Letters directly refusing to undertake it, as neither honourable nor just, she, in a chafe, said▪ That there were many amongst them, that would do more in their own cause. But Davison told her of the infamy, injustice, and hazard to Pawlet and Drury: For Madam (said he) if you allow the fact, you draw upon yourself danger and disgrace; and if you disallow it, you ruin them and their Posterity. Upon all these dissemblings, I concluded. Hereby (said I) appears foul play, intended by another (no doubt) wicked way, which Pawlet and Drury boggled at to perform; and yet we see what daubing there was on all sides, to cast the blame and after-shame on any, to keep the stain and blot from the eminent actors, Folio 128. But to all the other stuff, his nonsense, Tua non mordet; I pity his ignorance, and disdain to answer, but refer to the History, Folio 127. Page 5. He hath skipped over the first Book of my History, 262 Folioes, without any other faults then as before. He threatened much matter amiss: Is this all? [A History (you said, page 1.) a libel against all good men, all good actions, servilely exalting the bad, both men and matter.] to be hitherto only insisted upon in Essex Treason, and he the good man, and his, the good matter? But let us see the second Part, where he in●ists upon Sir Walter Raleigh, and begins his Observations upon King James, whom he lamely commends, the better to abuse him, and basely to calumniate after. For he tells us [that King James failed in kingcraft, Page 5. being overreached (Says he) in his treaties by all Princes and States▪ his spending more in frivolous Embassies than would have raised an army to have settled his children's Inheritance.] Simply said! [That he refused to be head of all the Protestant Princes in Christendom, whereby he might have given Law to this World.] What an oversight was this? [But he inclined to their enemy the Papist, and so ruined the one, and advanced the other.] How prove you that Sir? [That his accession to England was thought the greatest happiness▪ but hath proved the greatest● misfortune to both.] And why? [for, after a miserable and wasting civil war, we see his posterity overthrown, and cast out of their inheritance very unlikely to repossess it.] And was King James the cause of these calamities? [No not altogether] who then? He hath found the only cause. [The secret predetermination of the all seeing God, other reason no man knows.] The guilty will not acknowledge, till the last dreadful day of account, when the sentence shall say, Go ye cursed, &c. All this while he is busied with Kings, but talks to himself, and so I escape his censure; not a word of me or mine. Page 6. But now, oh now! How pitifully he pays the poor Scots, [A people (Says he) once famous for war, and high reputation; now the most despicable conquered people upon the face of the whole earth (bate me an ace, quoth Bolton● worse than the Jews?) their modelling all reformed Kirk, hath now nowhere a being; and the nation subjugated to a foreign power? &c. This is the Lord's doing and marvellous in our eye●.] And after his pitiful search into human judgement [Much of this he attributes to the greatness, power, & prodigality of that Nation in their access to England, insolent and proud.] And is this all Sir, that you can find out, to be the efficient cause of their great miseries? Nay he hath met with more. [perchance (Says he) for some falsehood and treacheries, even to their own Princes] Is it even so, Sir, the Lord have mercy upon all other such sinful souls? But how [conquered and subjugated to foreign power] is past my comprehension, or how can he hold forth all this, without public Censure? Page 7. But enough of this (he says) now have at my Book and me. [I now will take notice (Says he) of such aspersions as this Author bestows on particular persons of honour and worth, through his whole Book, he makes it his business to rail at good men and defend the bad.] He being come to Folio 284 of my History, finds no other aspersions then as you have heard. And now you may wonder who these good men are? why, who but traitors? He means them in the very next line, Cobham and Ra●eigh the men, and Treason the matter. But Raleigh sticks most in his stomach: and truly it regrets upon mine, for me now again, to rerip up the Misactions of the dead: but I am challenged, he accuses me▪ I do but defend myself. Where, Page 7. in the Character of Raleigh (he says) I allow him a grand enemy to the Spaniard, and opposer of the peace; yet immed●atly after believes him a conspirer with the Spaniard, but tells us not in what particular. Folio 284. You have forgot ten lines before Folio 283. Where I say, that at the entrance of the King, he was presented by Sir Walter Raleigh with a manuscript of his making, against the peace with Spain, it was his Table-talk, to beget more esteem, which took accordingly (this answers my first assertion) and the way to unbend him was the work of the Spanish faction, either to buy him out of that humour, or to abuse him into worse condition, which was effected by this way, Folio 283. And so, I enter instantly, upon the plot of treason, and conspiracy, with Watson and Clark; two Span●sh Priests; Cobham and Brooks with others; Grey and Raleigh, &c. Fol: 283. And there I tell you and afterwards [In what part●cular he should have served him.] And I proved the particulars by Cobham's confession Fol▪ 285. That Raleigh had agreed that he should treat with Aremburg the Spanish Ambassador for 600000▪ crowns, to advance the title of the Lady Arabella to this Crown: That Cobham, under pretence of travelling, should prosecute this design in the Low-Countries, Flanders, France, and Spain; and to carry three Letters from her to the archduke, Duke of Savoy, and King of Spain. To meet Raleigh at Jersey, the place of his command, and there to agree, &c. and Raleigh to have 7000 crowns for his expense, Fol. 285. You are now satisfied. [That Raleigh's jury was called at the Bar, being of Middlesex jury, Page 7. against whose persons he did not except.] Nor could (said I) for they were his Peers, the most able sufficient of Middlesex, where the fact had its Scene, Folio 284. Nor did (says he) for Raleigh knew them not, being a packed jury, wanting honesty and understand●ng.] Any thief at Newgate may say so, and refuse their Verdict. It is a scandal upon the Proceedings to say [That the intended jury was changed over night.] For these were of Middlesex, and ordered long before to attend at Winchester; many of them Justices of the Peace, Sir Ralph Coni●by, Sir Thomas Fowler, Sir William Roe, Sir Edward Peacock, and others, the most able for estates, worth, and knowledge; a fairer trial was never afforded in Treason, with favour of the King, who took off the Assistance of three of his own council, Sergeant Crook, Mr. Solicitor, and Sir Francis Bacon, as not to overcharge the Prisoner with too much Pleading: And three things more therein I observe in the whole proceeding before; not to be used rigorously, for no torture was forced upon any Examinant; nor inordinately, none pressed to accuse another; and yet here was Brook against his Brother Cobham, and he against his dear friend Raleigh: Not precipitately, for it was a long time ere they came to trial, and Raleigh allowed to sit down with pen, ink, and paper. Page 8. [The Arraignment is in Print, he says,] where those Authors speak more against him say I. [But he will yet demand of me, 1. Why Cobham was not brought face to face? 2. What it was that ever Cobham accused Raleigh of. 3. Whether ever any man was condemned by a single witness?] 1. I answer to the First, The Court and Judges gave it for Law and Reason, that it was not necessary in Treason: So the Prisoner may outbrave any witness, and cause him to change his Confession, as might be suspected Cobham would do, in compassion to Raleigh, being himself condemned, and willing no doubt now to save the other. 3. And to the Last, I say, That it was most usual and legal, where many Circumstances, as here, do conduce to the truth. It was Raleigh's policy to have but one witness in the conspiracy; thereby he meant to escape, either that Cobham must accuse him, or none can, and he but One, Raleigh might be safe. If A. conspire a Treason only with B. and he with C. and he with D. who can prove this Treason, if not by One of them, and Circumstances also? If any one of these confess it, need we more witness to accuse himself and the other? A▪ murderer is met with a bloody sword, coming forth of the King's Chamber, and he killed: is not one witness sufficient? Cobham accuseth Raleigh, and he denies it: In Star-chamber, then, and Chancery, now; for matters of Tittle, his denial or Oath does not acquit him, in propria Causa, much less in Treason. 2. And to the Second, see Brooks, and Cobham's, and others Confessions, which confirm him a Traitor throughout; concluding, that Raleigh was the instigator to the Treason, Fol. 285. The first of Edward the sixt, which requires two Witnesses, was repealed by the first and second of Philip and Mary, reducing all to the Common-Law, which is by one witness. [But he assures us of a Letter of Cobham's, Page 8. written to Raleigh the n●ght before his trial, to clear him from Treason; which Letter, he says, was produced at a Committee of Parliament, by Mr. Cary Raleigh.] I answer, That all the several Letters were read contradicting themselves, and each the other (as Delinquents in Treason use to do) and therefore were adjudged not satisfactory, as to acquit● either of them then. And for this pretended Letter showed to the Committee, you should have inserted here, if not ashamed of it: But to do you Justice, I will set it down, as it was offered in the trial, which was not needful in my History; nor now, but to convince your ignorance. Seeing myself (says Cobham) so near my end, and for the discharge of my own Conscience from the blood, which else would cry for vengeance against me: I protest, upon my salvation, I never practised with Spain by your procurement. God prosper me in this my affliction, as you are a true Subject, for any thing that I know. I will say with Pilate, Purus sum à ●anguine hujus: So God have mercy on my soul, as I know no treason by you. This is somewhat satisfactory until you hear more: But, you are mistaken▪ to say▪ it was the last Letter, the night before the trial: I will clear your intelligence with a truth, and with the very last Letter indeed, which he writ to the Lords Commissioners, the night before Rale●gh's trial. I have thought ●it (says Cobham) to set down this to my Lords; wherein I protest; on my soul, to write nothing but the truth. I am now to come near the period of my time, therefore I protest the truth before God and his angels. Raleigh, four days before I came to the Tower, caused an Apple to be thrown in at my window, the effe●t thereof was, to entreat me, to right the wrong I had done him, in saying, that I should come home by Jersey, which under my hand to him, I have retracted. His first Letter which was thrown in, in the same manner, wherein he prayed me write to him a Letter, which I did. He sent me word, that the judges were at Mr. Aturney's house, and there was good hope, that the proceedings against us should be stayed. At Aremburgh's coming, Raleigh dea●t with me, to procure a Pension of 1500l. a year, for which he promised, that no action should be done against Spain, but he would give knowledge before hand. He told me, that the States had audience with the King. He hath been the original cause of my ruin, for I had no dealing with Aremburgh, but by his instigation. He hath been the cause of my discontentment. He advised me not to be overtaken with Preachers, as Essex was, and that the King would better allow of a constant denial, than to accuse any. And now Raleigh being asked what he could say to this last Letter, writ with his own hand over night, from a dying condemned man; He answered, I say, that Cobham is a base, dishonourable, poor soul. I have been told, that Mr. Cary upon some pretence, was a suitor to the Parliament for somewhat of Sr. Welter's (no matter now for what: I shall have time to tell him that, and more also, in another place hereafter) and Mr. Cary was like to carry it, when a worthy Member stepped up, and laid in his way a Bar in Law, That Treason taints the Issue: upon which, came out a Letter to the Committee, which could never clear him, nor the Treason: If I be mistaken, let him help me hereafter, when he shall hear more of that in due place and time. But wherein [may one perceive my spleen against Sir Walter Raleigh.] For I remember, the first time that Mr. Cary Raleigh came to Court, commended by Mr. lessellss, and called mostly Mr. Cary; to whom I was very civil; for Mr. lessellss called him my x: And afterwards, an occasion was offered for me to do him kindness: One Saintravy, a Frenchman, had affronted him at Court, which by means of my noble friends, was examined, where Saintravy utterly refused to submit, about the boxing. It was urged besides, that Saintravy called him, The Son of a Traitor: The Lords laughed (for Mr. lessellss was by, who was said to be like him) and Saintravy being rounded in the ear▪ smiled, and said, That he was sorry to be mistaken; and so made it the worse, and the wound wider, to those that were told the meaning: However, my respects and service appeared to Sir Walter's Kinsman, which approves me without spleen. Page 9 [That Cook the attorney (he says) be●ng retired from the Bar, wh●lst Sir Walter was sentenced ●or Treason, Page 9 to●d his man, that he accused him but of Misprision:] And swears, [Upon the word of a Chr●stian, Sir Edward Cook's own mouth told him so, since.] Cook, that had both charged him home with direct Treason, & indeed very unseemly, and often, called him Traito●, thou Traitor Raleigh, to his face, should but turn his back from the Bar, and in an instant, after Sentence, mince his Treason to misprision, is most unlikely: [And to tell it since] to one without a name. But, we see how he swears, [as he is a Christian;] perhaps he is none: nobody, who will give him credit? [Having (he says) done with his Treason, he descends to his travels, 14 years after,] which he accounts in my H●story, to be Foli● 459. and as yet, no other faults to be found. Page 10. [That King James (he says) forbade Sir Walter's Book, Pag. 10. for some passages in it, which offended the Span●a●d, (a far-fetched reason) and for being t●o plain with the faults of Princes.] I answer, Certainly King James, and all other Princes, had cause of complaint: For, his whole Book sets out the Eastern Monarchs with much glory, & exclaims against Chr●stian Princes, as most inhuman, tracing all the English sovereigns from the Conquest, esp●cially Henry the Eighth, whom, for his daughter's honour, (Queen El●zabeth) Sr. Walter might have spared from gall and bitterness she raising him from nothing who rewards her with ignomy of her Father; Nor could he love the child, whose Sire he hate●: and King Ia●es perhaps might observe more, to repress the wickedness of such a person, who under pretence of t●king a vice in the Father, intended cunningly to stain the whole Race: He covertly leaving the Reader in great doubt of Queen Elizabeth's merit, whom he had reason to set out, not in silence; whether in fear, or in fraud, I judge not. He says, Pag. 10. [That the Lord Chancel●or Verulam told Sir Walter, that his Commission from the King, under the great Seal of England, to be general of his Forces by Land and Sea, and marshal-law over his people, was as good a pard●n for all offences, as the Law of England could make him.] It was without example, that the Lord Chancellor of England should give his opinion and counsel against the King, and in case of Treason too, and tell it to the traitor himself, convict, after Examination, trial, Verdict, Sentence, and but Repr●eved? No Sir, no man of judgement will give you credit; a scandal upon his discretion, if not more, his allegiance: If you be mistaken, amend it in your Reply, I expect it. But I answer, how oft this was urged by Sir Walter, and the other Argument, Singularis Testis, I refer to the Relation of his trial; wherein I say again, (as other Authors profess) He tired the Court and jury with impertinencies, as to those two points especially. And in earnest, I have collected from the most, even from that Manuscript entitled, Sir Walter Raleigh's own writing, and from the best Records that I could meet with, besides the Reports of divers hearers● and all conclude, and expressly mention (except that of his own) that he tired the Court with impertinencies, as to the matter: His Divinity, Law, and Reason were answered, and overruled by the judge's opinion, which is the certain rule to all juries, as to matter of Law. And yet this my libeler fathers all upon me▪ as if I only meant to make him g●ilty. He says, Ibid. [That Raleigh and Kernish did truly believe in the Mine, not with chemical tricks, as this trifling liar (says he) would intimate.] The Frenchman says none but a Bastard-Gentleman gives a True Gentleman the lie. But Sir, to return your lie with a truth, I shall say more concerning your chemical Mine. Mr. Cary Raleigh your voucher, writ a fawning clawing Epistle to a worthy Gentleman Mr. James Howel▪ to recollect what he had writ of Sir Walter. To which he replies, and not to recant, but to rechant what he had said before. May 1645▪ For he again calls it, an airy supposititious Mine which turned to real belief in his undertakers of that voyage to their undoing. And ●ells Mr. Cary, that Sir Welter's only son, Walter Raleigh, at the storming of Saint Tom said as much in effect: Come on my noble hearts (said he) this is the Mine we come for, and they who think there is any other, are fools. His own Father was none. Nay, you shall find Sir Robert Baker his historical Narrations say so too, and King James his Declaration makes it evident to be but a deceit. But I find what this libeler would have of me, as was bestowed by that ingenuous Author upon Mr. Cary: who advised him to let Sir Walter rest quietly in his grave, that his virtues may live in you (Mr. Carry) as he (to abuse him) says they do, no doubt; and ever since to this counsel it seems he hath been silent, at least in public, and serviceable to Mr. Howell. As no doubt this libeler also, may in time become so serviceable to me. Page 11 12. And, for all his apology and pretences in this whole Page, Pag. 11. filled up with scurrilous language, I mean not now to meddle with, any further. My duty to the truth was to relate the narrative of the Treason, sufficiently proved, and all those passages in reference to that, and Kemi●h death, and my observations upon all, necessarily conducing; I refer the Reader to my History, being too too large to insert here again. He is troubled [That I should say, Pag. 11, 12. that Sir Walter had but a mean estate, which he meant to make up by his voyage.] And says, [That he may thank King James for the meanness of his fortune, who took away Sherborn from him; but when King James came into England, Raleigh was Lord warden of the Stanneries, &c. all which he lost for his supposed Treason.] He may thank King James, he says, for the meanness of his Fortune and reckons up his Offices under Queen Elizabeth (not a foot of Land his Father left him.) All which he got (with your favour) by free grace of Queen Elizabeth, and might have kept that, and deserved more (King James was bountiful) which himself lost and forfeited, for unfaithfulness to his sovereign Lord and King, her S●ccessor; and thereby had left him but a mean fortune, which he designed to advance, by his Voyage: And were he innocently executed, why was Mr. Ca●y Raleigh's pretensious, and claims in Parl a●ent, in reference to Sir Walter, laid aside, before himself was cleared of taint in blood, and so lost his claim by Parliament; which concludes also Sir Walter guilty, without dispute; when Mr. Cary had all advantage of his friends by Parliament to help him to it. Page 13. To confirm what I have said, Pag. 13. [They had matter e●ough to take away his life, ●n this his last business, since his first trial.] Sir Walter was bound, not to infest the main Land of the West-Indies, and so he promised the King, who assured Gondoma● so much; and to satisfy their jealousy, Sir Welter's Letter (if any such) might be sent to Sa●nt Tome for his security; which therefore aggravates the fault of Sir Walter. Besides, his biting jests upon all, not sparing his dread sovereign, for admitting them, the more true, the wider scar: Many such of his, like the wound of a chewed bullet, the ruggedness makes the hurt incurable. And besides, that which the Frenchman Manwa●i●g confessed of him to the King, as he reported since to Mr B. ●. a Gentleman of wo●th, who will justify his report to be so foul so treasonable against King James, that may satisfy any good subject he deserved. death: Not that I take upon me to reveal it, being unwillingly enforced to speak thus much against the dead, who hath paid the debt due for his offences here, and no doubt enjoys his pardon and forgiveness hereafter, with my Christian zeal and charitable affection for ever. Page 14. And now my libeler skips back again, Pag. 14. to Folio 365. and to pick out some scandalous passage there, he meets with the Earl of Pembroke, and his Brother Montgomery, whom I did but mention, and that justly, [That they were men of considerable Descents, though of no great fame in their Merits.] And he concludes, [That my passage in the main parts of i●, is true, and cannot be denied.] Yet, he says, [That I confess the King was kind to Montgomery▪ ●hich he fetcheth out of Folio 592.] Not worth the turning over so many leaves, to prove his false Quotations and matter. Page 15. Then in a moment, Pag. 15. [He takes notice of the poisoning of Overbury▪] which is in the beginning of the History of King James; I list not search the folio, & he tells me not where [Overbury and Essex's Wife: that I extenuate that foul murder:] not with any exception to the truth of the story, but with his own self-pride, to make us believe he knew somewhat of the matter, and repeats only what I have said. But he regrets upon Somerset, for begging from Raleigh, Sherborn, which he got by begging from an other before. Indeed Sherborn sticks in his stomach: It is the Note of another, not of me, That the seat of Sherborn had been the successive Inheritance of Traitors. Our libeler hath a mighty mind to it; he may in time, no doubt, deserve it, and more, upon the same score. As for [Overbury's Character, of pride &c. Thrasonical &c.] which he denies, let him read Sommersets' Arraignment, where Sir Francis Bacon sets him out in the same terms, and mentioneth the most of all my matter, and what I said of Overbury's pride. Pag. 16. [Haply (says my libeler) Overbury might have some tincture of pride in him, Pag. 16. as indeed who would not, &c.] You seem to be a pert, proud, dandy-prat indeed. But ah! out upon his simplicity [That haply (saith he) Overbury had threatened this Gentleman in some illegal pro●ects, Ibid. of which, they say, he had always store, which he offered to Summersault; and therefore he is not only contented▪ his Body should have been poisoned, whilst alive; but he will, as far as in him lies, if any would believe such a fellow, murder his fame too, after his death.] I protest religiously, that I read this his simple scandal over and over again, ere I could imagine the man meant it by me; so much I profess Christianity, so little I am guilty of projects, and was so young then, and unacquainted, that I scarce knew Overburie's face: Surely he means another, his best friend, the grand Court-projector, and so styled; I never was any. Page 17, 18. He hunts counter, hook here, Pag. 17, 18. and fetches a freak out of Folio 429. [A scandal he calls it upon the Lord Kensington &c. for imitating the Earl of Carlisle in his fine clothes, and calling him the natural son of the Earl of Warwick.] And so he ravels Into the reason of his Birth and Parents, which I had no mind to meddle with; but for satisfying any mistakes therein, I styled him the natural Son▪ Let him consult the reason, why the Parliament of Hen. 8. styled the Princess Elizabeth, natural Daughter to King Henry the eight▪ The rest not worth the answer, nor the foolish flirt that follows. Then he falls again upon my mistakes, from whence would you think? Out of my Preface, Page 18. where he finds, [That King Henry the eighth was a Lutheran, when he lived (says he) and died a Papist.] And to prove it, [He citys the Execution of More and Fisher▪ for being Papists, and multitudes more, for not subscribing to the six Articles, which were rank Popery.] So then, he concludes for me, That Henry the eighth had been a Papist, and a Puritan, and, as Sir Walter says in his Preface, died an Atheist. And indeed, will Somers, the jester, on a sudden very sad, told them the reason, That he had been at Tyburn, where Priests were hanged for being Papists, and some others at Smithfield burnt for Protestants; but, was resolved to save himself, and no way better, than to be of King henry's, Religion, which is (said he) none at all. Page 19 [He tells us, (says he) Folio 487. that all our Marriages with Spain have been unfortunate to this Crown, Pag. 19 and then ravels into the story of the Black Prince (as if he had Married in Spain) this is his own inference, not mine. No less than 487. Fol. from the Preface▪ where we left him; it seems I must skip thither too. I speaking of Prince Charles his Treaty with Spain, However (said I) the ill success of our former marriages and meddlings with that Nation, being malignant to us; witness the Black Prince his Voyage into Spain, to settle Don Piedro, etc▪ his body either corrupted by the air, or by their Drugs empoisoned. What is this to any Marriage? But then indeed▪ I instance our ill success in Prince A●thurs sudden death, with Katherine of Austr●a; and Mary of England, with Philip of Spain. Now, said I, to parallel those abroad with others at home to our own Subjects, the first, with Edward the fourth; the last, with Henry the eighth, from them there proceeded two Queens, Elizabeth's, as never could produce greater examples of happiness to England. But our libeler hath a malice to our French Matches, and comparatively gores them through the Spanish sides▪ It may be so, both have been bad enough, what's that to me? Yet, in this, I desire to satisfy another, not you. Page 20. My mistakes, [That the Duke and Yeluerton had no communication in the Tower.] Pag. 20. And why? [Because Belfore that said so, was not Lieutenant then, but after Moor, which was since.] and could not Belfore be acquainted with what was done before, and so a sufficient Author to report it? [The like of Ree and Ramsey's duel.] Discoursing of Combats, tempore Iacobi, I mention many before and since, in reference to time, and give a hint of these (of late) two Scots, meaning the year (lately) when I write this History, 1655. for all men may know▪ it was in King Charles his time, and so to be understood from my own words. To carp at me, [He clears Chelsey house, that the Duke did not buy it, but had it for nothing; and bids me ask the Countess of Middlesex, whether she did not tell him so?] A pretty employment to inquire of a Lady, whether nobody does belie her? The like of Copt-hall, [And that my mistakes, ignoranc●, and errors are infi●ite, in language and matter.] Page 21. And concludes with the like counsel to me, as to one Sir Edmond [Read more, Pag. 21. and write less.] For which I shall give him a fee, as no doubt Sir Edmond did, who turned his back to his advice and bade him buss his bum. Not to die in your debt, I return my counsel to boot: In your Reply (if you please) belie not the dead, nor abuse the living, lest the dirt of both bedaube yourself, and you deserve the final sentence; your first libel to the fire by the Hadgman's hands; your next about your neck: Beware the gallows. Three Letters from Doctor Samuel Collins, Regius Professor, and Provost of King's college in the University of Cambridge, concerning the Commencement; and Mr. Sanderson. To the Right honourable, the Earl of Holland, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. RIght honourable, my very good Lord, and our only Patron, &c.— I might take occasion of your Honours late bounty to the University, but wanting no such occasion at any time, I make bold to open my mouth in the cause of such extremity, as the wisest amongst men charges us not to be silent in: The rather, because it may be my words of triumph, in such late plenty of Commencers (as the fashion is of Fathers when they create) hath given some occasion of misreporting the Action. Truly, tender of your Honours inviolatest reputat●on; yea, and the indemnity of the meanest of them, that belong to your Honour: for your Honours own sake, I may boldly affirm, not any one unworthy, that I know, either Doctor or bachelor in Divinity, or Commencer, in any kind; but sundry of them rather Paragons; only One, the most suspected for insufficiency, yet, offered to give Caution to keep his Acts; than which, nothing could be more required at the strictest. When we consulted about them in the Consistory, the Names of sundry were set down in Paper, for most allowable, even by them of the Heads, that held backward most. Lack of Time, and lack of Living, are too slender exceptions in my opinion, not only against his majesty's Largesse at his coming, and glorifying of his Triumphs all we could (The glory of the King, being the multilitude of his people) but against worth and sufficiency, wheresoever such at any time fail of Time or Living. If your Honour had seen what passed in this kind under other Chancellors, and namely, in conferring the Master of Arts Degree; yet, that Degree opens way to holy Orders in men, perhaps not otherwise worthy (a perilous consequence) Here, few Masters of Art, nor any unworthy; And for the Graduates in Divinity, they were all Ministers afore, and so no danger of the foresaid ill consequence. We had but two Doctors now, more than we had in the last sickness time, or rather three less, as that number increased soon after; yet then, his majesty came not at all amongst us. Now, both King and Queen, and all, deserves more and more scholars by far, than that time, which had nothing but woeful necessity to excuse it. This for the general, that your Lordship conceive no regret upon rumours, I have presumed (one of many) yet, in my zeal to your Honour, wherein I come behind none. For Mr. Sanderson in particular, a man of most useful abilities: That he hath not wronged your Honour, whatsoever some may suggest, I am not only told, but do verily believe, that he never compacted with any for that courtesy; and one of them at the instant afore these flashes broke forth, told me as much of his own accord, Doctor Grant by name; and, I think, the rest will say no less, if they were deposed, as many have been: If afterwards they made him any voluntary requital for his service, which is more than I know, (yet, the most that can be surmised) yet, neither any fee abated to the University thereby, and the parties, in escaping other charges, think themselves no doubt well dealt with, as well they may. So with my prayers for your Honour, &c. Your lordship's Beadsman, and most humble Servant▪ Samuel Collins. Cambr. King's Coll. 4. April. 1632. To the right worshipful, my very good friend, Mr. Doctor Bing, in London, Chancery lane. SIR, FOr your wonted good News, &c. For our number of Doctors and other Commencers; Why? could there be less, to glorify such a Triumph, as his majesty's vouchsafed Presence, and that with his Queen, and all, so full of honourable courtesy, of all sides? Remember, how many of late in the sickness, no such cause as now, and far more of kin to pretence. Neither do I coneeive, but that the Gentleman you speak of, whom I had the good luck to know of late, Mr. Sanderson, our Noble Chancellor's Secretary, hath both kept his word to the Doctors, and increased beholdings to his Lord, without any the least blemish to reputation. This you may avouch, that I was in the Consistory at the debating, and no man in the Paper, to whom just exception lay, that I can now remember. The worst was, that one was short in living, by which reason, I had never been a Doctor; for, I was bare Fellow of a college, and my Father charged me on his blessing, not to allege Poverty against taking my Degree. Doctor Caesar only lacked time, for I disputed on him myself, and he won so much approbation then, as he might as easily have been Doctor, as bachelor of Divinity, if he had had time: But he is a nobleman's son and of Oxford, and so merits the more▪ As likewise Doctor Gray, a rare Scholar, one of them that commenced now by the King. I must leave you, I see: only know, that which bred all, or most, of the Scruples, which was intended, for more satisfaction, viz. To defer it till next term. God keep you, Amen. Your assured poor friend, Sam. Collins. King's Coll. Camb. 2d April, 1632. To the worshipful, my very good x, Mr. Prinn, these, by the Wardrobe in London. SIR, IN much heaviness, &c. Now concerning your question of the Doctors, whereof our friend is One: Sir, I know not what they can say there, as I said before; but, for my part, as I acknowledged publicly before them all in the Regent-house, when it was my turn to speak loudest, I see not how we could do his majesty less honour, for so great grace as he had done Us. If you had seen when Bishop Harsnet was vicechancellor, or heard what was said of it, when they went out by Clusters, and everybody that would be, was consecrated Priest, (as the Scriptures say of jeroboam's times I think) where it was so much the worse▪ because Masterships of Arts, which is an introduction to Orders, was bestowed so commonly; but not one Minister made the more, for all the Doctors and bachelors in Divinity, that Commenced by the King now. I confess, I presented many▪ whom I know not by face: but I am much assured of their sufficiency, and have good grounds, either all, or most of them, ●ome in the Superlative, these are the bachelors of Divinity that I speak of: As for the Doctors, I can say more of them, and more groundedly. I was first in the Con●●story, where the Agitation was freshest, and not so hot, perhaps, as afterwards, when it came to younger men's handlings: But sundry of them were approved then by all, even by such as held back most; and their names taken, and set down in writing, for men meet to pass; nor any just exception, that I can remember, to any of them all. As for lack of Living, let them look to it that affect that Degree: My best friend, that dra●e me to Commence, almost with a curse, unless I obeyed him, was wont to say, That Degrees were the reward of Learning, not of Living. I had not a penny more, than a bare Fellowship of a college, when I Commenced. As for lack of Time, truly if that be not fit for his Majesty to dispense with, what is fit? Doctor Caesar lacked time, but first, he is a Privie-Counsellors son and, an Oxford man, and had time more than enough there; and satisfied so well in his Disputation here of late (whereof I am witness, because I disputed upon him) that but for lack of Time, he had gaine● his Doctorship with the same facility, that he did his other Degree in Divinity then. Other exceptions I remember none. Mr. Sanderson hath, in my opinion, done neither the University discredit, nor the Church disparagement, nor his Lord, our Chancellor, disservice or disreputation, nor swerved from his word given to the Doctors, which was, that we should have sufficient men, and to pass by head, as I take it they did, or in effect did, by most, or all. Acts indeed we lack, and Cautions were not given for them; but are they kept when given, as of late in the sickness? does it not end in a forfeit to the Proctors and beadles, & c? So then, it is all one for the manifestation of the worth of the parties, or the young scholars profiting by their Acts, whether they had given Caution or no, if it may end in forfeit, as it hath usually. One of the Commencers, whose sufficiency was most suspected, offered Caution to keep his Acts. Having much to say, taking leisure and pleasure to satisfy your good mind, and clear the fame of our University, and her f●iend, in a word or two, I commend you to God. Your assured loving friend, Samuel Collins. April 3d. 1632. We whose names are hereunto subscribed, being clear from any relation or interest, to any persons herein concerned, have perused the several Bills of commencers' names, corrected, & after engrossed; and also the Letters, Papers, Certificates, and Testimonies, concerning the said Commencement, at the University of Cambridge, and the proceedings therein, abundantly satisfactory: And we do unanimously believe them to be the originals, and some of us do know divers of them to be so; especially, those of Doctor Collins. And we do agree and conclude, that Mr. Sanderson, than Secretary to the Earl of Holland, Chancellor to the said University of Cambridge, is clear from any the least blemish, corruption, or disrepute therein. And according to the expressions in sundry of the said Testimonies, so in particular, and in the words as Doctor Collins hath attested, so say we: That Mr. Sanderson hath not wronged the University, Nor the Church, Nor the Chancellor. Nor are the Commencers insufficient, but rather most worthy. Nor hath he done amiss herein: But rather increased beholdings unto all. Math. Brooks. D. D. Tho. Swaddling. D. D. Tho. Bird. L. L. D. Pel: Salmon. D. M. Coll. Med. Lond. Soc. Amias Reading. B. D. 20th. June. 1656. FINIS.