NEW MEMOIRS AND CHARACTERS Of the Two Great Brothers, THE DUKE of Bovillon, AND Marshal TURENNE.  
Written in French by James de Langlade, BARON of Saumieres.  
Made English.  
LONDON, Printed by T. W. for Tho. Bennet, at the Half-Moon in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1693.   

TO MY Honoured Friend Sir Edmund Warcupp, of Oxfordshire, K t  
SIR,  
I shall make you but a bad Return for Lending me these Memoirs, by sending them back in my English. However I did not think I could be too intent upon them, when the longer I read, and considered this Book, the Characters of two such Brothers as the Duke of Bovillon, and Marshal Turenne; raised in me a True and more Lively Idea of your Sons, the Colonel, and the Captain. It is true, that the former being born Princes, became Great Generals, but then they lived long in the World to obtain it: whereas the other Two Brothers, though cut off in their Bloom, had done more than any of such an Age could do, towards Equalling their Great Examples.  
The Battle of Sedan, in which the Duke of Bovillon got his greatest Glory, has nothing more Considerable in it than the Action, by which he gained the Enemy's Cannon: and, upon Reading this, who could not but have an Image of Colonel Warcupp's Bravery in the Battle of Steynkirk, where he drove the French from their Cannon, and laid his own Half-Pike upon them. In the same Battle when the Count de Soissons should have received the Advantage of the Victory, It is with Surprise that we find him dead. This naturally brings Captain Warcupp to our Remembrance, who, when He should have received the New Commands, which, for his Valour, the King designed Him, was (instead of enjoying the Reward) found mortally wounded in His Majesty's Service.  
This, to a common Reader, may seem a melancholy and an improper Address to a Father, but then they must be Ignorant of the Greatness of Sir Edmund Warcupp's Mind, and his true Notions of Honour. Lacedaemon heretofore gloried in so great a Man as Thrasibulus, who, receiving his Son Pitanas' dead upon a Shield in his country's Service, Interred him with these Expressions: Let other Fathers shed Tears; I'll not: This Youth died, like mine: Like a Spartan.  
England has Reason to boast of a Double Honour in Sir Edmund Warcupp, who with such an Evenness of Temper, and Heroic Patience, could bear the Loss of Two Sons, so Young, so Brave, so very much his own, and so true English Men.  
As for my own part, were I to be a Father, I should wish for such Sons; and must they die! I would lose them after the same manner. And, I am sure, that in bearing of my Misfortune, I could have no better Pattern than yourself. But, in the Circumstances I am in, at present, there is nothing I am more Ambitious of, than to be Admitted amongst the Number of,  
SIR, Your most Faithful Friends, and Humble Servants,   

THE PREFACE.  
THE Memoirs, here Published, were Collected by the late James de Langlade, Baron of Saumieres, Secretary to the Council. They were found amongst his Papers after his Death; and there being some Imperfect Copies in the Hands of several Persons, who might have Printed them; his Widow, Madam de Langlade, thought it better to oblige the World with the Original; which has given Occasion to the present Edition.   

MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK MAURICE De la Tour d' Auvergne, DUKE de BOVILLON.  
THere is no need of any Motive but Vanity alone to make the generality of Men commit to Writing such remarkable Passages as come to their Knowledge: For their aim is not only at present Glory, but the recommending of their Memory to future Ages. But as for myself, I can protest, that these are not the Motives that induce me to the undertaking of these Memoirs. And that which makes me believe, that I give a sound judgement of myself, upon this occasion, is, that I had never began 'em, if I had not put an extreme violence upon my own Nature, and looked upon the finishing of 'em as a duty indispensable. Let a Man take all the caution he can, there will happen out a thousand inconveniencies from such sort of undertake. One of the wisest Men of our Age, and of the first Quality in the Kingdom, endangered his Family by the unfaithfulness of a Transcriber, and the malice of a Person that had corrupted him. Besides, let a Man have whatever design he please of writing only for himself, and letting nothing appear in public till after his Decease, yet I see plainly, that one's Opinion often altars; and that either under the pretence of placing a great confidence in some Persons, or taking their advice, one willingly searches after Confidents, to the end that one may find Admirers; so that among the great number of Friends, whom our own self-Love or presumption makes choice of in these Encounters, one always finds some indiscreet and unfaithful Person or other, who reveals such disagreeable truths as will never admit of Pardon: and it is impossible, without speaking of several Persons, to write the Memoirs of a Man's Life who bore the principal part in so many great Transactions. Besides, to speak conformably to my own inclinations, I should choose any other employment rather than this, to fill up that idle time which my misfortunes for some years last passed have thrown upon my hands. But the Memory of the Duke de Bovillon is so dear to me, and I have so great a veneration for it, that I daily reproach myself for having so long deferred the publishing of what I know concerning so great a Person.  
I have endeavoured, but without Effect, to learn something of his Infancy; for I should have been willing to have spoken of it; being persuaded, by several Observations I have made, That generally even in that tender Age of Mankind, there are some lights given towards the discovery of what may afterwards be expected from them. And whenever those to whom the care of their Education is committed, are deficient in the Knowledge of their Capacity, the Qualifications of their Mind, their Genius; and, in short, their peculiar Inclinations, and their Nature in general; it must be either for want of Light or Application. Nor do I doubt but that we are often led, either to good or evil, and indeed to any sort of business, according to the first Impressions and Examples that are given us. Upon this very account, I cannot sufficiently wonder at the little Care that is taken in the Education of Children. For whether we regard Religion, as becomes every true Christian, or consult humane Prudence only; I think there is nothing in the World, that is of equal Consequence. I know some Tempers appear so manifest, and their Inclination to evil is so violent, that it is almost impossible to alter them; but there are very few, that by great Care and due Management may not be retrieved, if we begin to set about it betimes. You see how Seneca and Pyrrhus were for some time able to prevail over the cruel Inclinations of Nero. They might, perhaps, have made an honest Man of him, if, as a private Person, he had been subject to the Laws, and obliged to raise a Fortune by his Virtuous Actions: But the Greatness of his Birth, placing him above any thing that he might be afraid of, and beyond any thing he could farther desire, he followed the whole Current of his wicked Inclinations. But, I perceive, That my Discourse has already ran too far upon a Subject, which has no very great Relation to the Matter which I propose to Treat of.  

THE First BOOK.  
Frederick Maurice de la Tour d' Auvergne, was Son of Henry de la Tour d' Auvergne, Duke of Bovillon, Sovereign of Sedan, by Isabel of Nassau.  
IT would be unnecessary for me to speak of the House of the Duke of Bovillon: All France knows, That both for its Antiquity, and the Grandeur of its Original, it is one of the most Illustrious among the Chief Families in the Kingdom: And Strangers are well enough informed of it by their frequent Alliances with the Principal Families of Europe, and by the Sovereignties of Bovillon and Sedan, which fell into it in the last Age.  
I shall say but very little likewise of the Duke de Bovillon, during his Minority, because I have not so exact Memoirs, as I could have desired, and I will advance nothing, which I have not seen, or am very well assured of.  
He completed his Studies at Sedan, where Mr. du Moulin, the Minister, was his Tutor; a Man very much esteemed for his Learning. He bred him up in the Reformed Religion, the Duke, his Father, and his Mother, being both Protestants. His first Journey from thence, was into Holland, when he was about sixteen Years old. This Country was then the Seat of War, and in the Opinion of all the World, the best School to learn that Art in.  
His Uncle, the Prince of Orange, who was esteemed one of the greatest Generals of his Time, made him begin with a Colours in the Regiment of Maison-Neuve.  
I have heard say, That, at first, there appeared little extraordinary in him, and that indeed he was something slow in displaying himself. He spoke little, kept himself reserved, and among his own Domestics. But at last he made himself sufficiently known, and gained a great Reputation, as soon as he began to have some Understanding in the Affairs of War, and the Country. This showed, That his Silence, and Inclination to so peculiar a Reservedness, proceeded only from his extraordinary Natural Parts, which would not suffer him to speak of things without understanding them.  
He then became Curious to that degree, that he was inquisitive about every thing, and searched into the Niceties of the smallest Matters, that he might know 'em throughly. But in satisfying his Curiosity, he never applied himself, but to such Persons with whom he was most familiar. He then permitted himself to make a small sally towards the Pleasures of Youth; and, amongst the rest, that of frequent Entertainments, in which, though He was always magnificent, yet it was without Excess.  
In a short time he became active and vigilant, and familiar even to Popularity, when it suited with his Designs: a Talon, which I have seen him make an admirable Use of, in the following Course of his Life, upon very important Occasions.  
The Prince of Orange, seeing him thus altered, and finding, that he had a strong Propensity to War; began to take a little more Care, in informing him. He commanded him out, upon all Occasions, where any thing might be learned, or any Honour gained. The Duke de Bovillon answered his Designs and Hopes with that Advantage; that I have heard him then commend him to divers Persons, for having signalised his Courage and Conduct in several Encounters.  
One of the most Considerable was at Boisleduc. The Prince of Orange having besieged it, the long Resistance, which the Garrison made, had so weakened and dispirited his Army, that, not thinking himself able to hinder a Convoy, which the Enemy were sending, from entering the Town; there was a Resolution taken secretly in the Council to raise the Siege. The Duke of Bovillon having Notice of it, earnestly requested, That he might be permitted to go and encounter this Convoy. He laid before the Prince of Orange the Methods, by which he would be guided in this Design. The Prince finding they had been extremely well contrived, proposed 'em to the Council, where it was resolved, That the Event of 'em should be tried. In Pursuance of this, the Duke took such Troops as he had demanded; He led them, by an extraordinary March, to find the Enemy in a place where he had projected before to fight 'em, because it was very advantageous to himself. There he attacked 'em, defeated 'em, took their Commander Prisoner, and brought the Convoy, which was designed for the Relief of the Place, into the Prince of Orange's Camp.  
This Action raised the Duke to a great Reputation, and began to make him looked upon as an Extraordinary Man. He gained the Hearts of the Soldiery, by the Opinion they conceived of his Courage, and his great Genius for Warlike Affairs; but more especially by that Natural Goodness which appeared in all his Actions, by his Modesty, in speaking of himself, and his Familiarity, when he did not command them. He had a good Mien, but could not be said to be handsome. He was proper, had a high Forehead, his Eyes full and sparkling; Eyebrows large and thick, but at a convenient distance. There was nothing rough either in his Mind or Humour; yet something great and fierce both in his Air and Tread. He knew even the smallest Officers, and, that they might not be ignorant of it, he affected to call 'em by their Names: a way of treating Inferiors, very politic and becoming a great Lord.  
The State's General, and those of the Province, could not long continue silent in his Praises, which we may look upon as the more sincere, because they grounded them upon their own glory and advantage; for this incident caused Boisleduc to be Surrendered, which was a place very important to them, and added much to the reputation of their Arms. They began to reward the Services of the Duke of Bovillon with the Government of Mastricht, which they gave him. The Prince of Orange showed great satisfaction in all these Proceedings, though perhaps he would not have beheld 'em without uneasiness and jealousy, if they had not raised thoughts in him suitable to his own Interests. He was now very old, and had but one Son, and he in the Cradle, so that not hoping to be able to live long enough to see him of a sufficient Age to fill his Place, and finding all People well affected to the Duke of Bovillon, he looked upon him as a Man in whose hands he might deposit the Government of the States upon his own Decease; and to link him still more closely to him than he was already by his Relation, as a Nephew, he resolved to make him his Son-in-Law, but he thought it Prudence to wait another opportunity to declare this to him.  
Things stood in this condition, when in Carnival time, the Troops being in Winter Quarters, the Duke of Bovillon would go incognito to see brussels. This Journey which he undertook at first as a thing indifferent, only for diversion, and to satisfy his Curiosity, did afterwards change the whole Scheme of his Fortune, and by a train of accidents became the source of all the happiness and misfortunes of his Life. So that it is every day apparent, that the Fate of the greatest Men and most flourishing States, turns upon things which at first view seem of no consequence, and we often find, that if that which we ardently desire had happened, we should be miserable; whereas all our happiness often proceeds from this, That the things we are afraid of come to pass in spite of us. Notwithstanding all this, we never leave projecting, and attributing the good success to ourselves, though we are often ignorant of the Causes, and can never foresee the effects. If to such evident demonstrations of our Vanity, and the weakness of our Understandings, we do but add those thoughts which we ought to have as good Christians, we should undoubtedly show more Courage when we lie under unhappy Circumstances, because we should see the hand of God in them: and we should have less uneasiness while our designs are depending, because we should never frame any but with an entire submission to the Disposal of Providence.  
One of the most splendid Courts in Europe, was at Brussels, when the Duke of Bovillon came thither. The Duke of Orleans had retreated thither, and had been followed by some Persons of the first Quality in the Kingdom, and a great Number of the Nobility. The Infanta Isabel likewise had drawn thither the Principal Families of the Low Countries, of which she was Governess. Here it was, That the Duke of Bovillon saw Mademoiselle de Bergh, at a Ball. She was a Person of great Birth, of a surprising Beauty, had the Reputation of much Wit and Prudence, but a Catholic, and without any Fortune. The Duke of Bovillon having learned her Name, found that she was his Relation; but there was a Motive, stronger than that of Blood, which made him ambitious of being known to her before his Departure. The Visits which he made her, engaged him still farther. However he departed, without speaking of the Impression she had made upon his Soul, though she easily perceived it. The Report of this Passion, was soon spread in Holland, by those who had born him Company to Brussels: and because no one could imagine that it would come to a Marriage, for abundance of Reasons, which destroyed the very Thoughts of such a thing; People spoke of it only as the Adventure of a Traveller, and that before his Face. But soon after he returned to Brussels, in very great danger, and upon a slight Pretence. This second Journey, made it apparent, That the Duke was more in Love, than he was thought to be. At his Arrival he found a Discourse of a Match between Madamoiselle de Bergh, and the Count de Bossu. Honour and Jealousy joined themselves with Love, and forced the Duke to declare his Designs of Marriage. He returned by the way of Sedan, to propose it to the Duchess his Mother. But she was the more averse to it, because she knew her Brother, the Prince of Orange, had designed him for one of his Daughters, who was afterwards married to the Elector of Brandenburg: Besides his Mother had always resolved he should marry one of her own Religion, and indeed he might have had his Choice of any Protestant Lady in France, nor had he been a Match below any Foreigner.  
Upon his Return to Holland, the Prince of Orange, and his real Friends, used all their Endeavours to persuade him from this Marriage, and he, having Spirit and Ambition enough, often attacked himself with very potent Arguments. But these contributed only to his Uneasiness: For when Absence and Difficulties can't efface the first Impressions of Love, they render the Passion so strong, That nothing can be able to change it.  
When the Duke of Bovillon had continued about a Year in this Condition; his Mind in suspense, and his Soul divided, by the Opposition which his Love made to his Fortune; he at last fixed his Resolution, and the Duchess his Mother, and the Prince of Orange, having not been able to hinder the Marriage, were forced to approve it, when it was consummated. Love has often made the greatest Men neglect the Advantages which Fortune has offered them, and that in a much riper Age than the Duke of Bovillon was yet arrived to. I shall speak but one Word in his Favour, and to the Honour of his Duchess, That I verily believe he never repented his having married her. The Duke having tarried some time at Sedan, whither he immediately carried his Lady, went with her into Holland, and there Beauty and Merit gained so far the Ascendant, That every one approved the Choice, which they had before so much condemned.  
From the Hague the Duke de Bovillon went to Mastricht, to give his Orders, as Governor, and afterwards returned to Sedan, with a Design to tarry there some time. His first business was, to gain an exact Insight into his own Concerns, which he effected with the greater Ease, because never Man did things in better Order. This appeared even in the smallest Matters: It was not in his Power to look over 'em superficially, as Persons of Quality generally do, who think it a Virtue, to place a blind Confidence in their Servants, and never perceive their own Ruin, till it is past Remedy: As for him, he saw and examined all, yet without that Spirit of Meanness, by some called good Husbandry, into which Men often fall by too great Exactness: so near to one another are Virtues and their opposite Vices.  
But as for these lesser Affairs, they were instantly laid aside, when more Important Business required his Attendance. He was very industrious, but the pains he took were never uneasy to him. He never retreated at the Prospect of any Labour, how great soever it might be, either of Body or Mind; but indeed he was the same in every thing; he would be so intent upon his very Diversions, that one would think he had been made to pursue them only. In private Company he had so complaisant an Air, and would relax his Mind so far, that it would then be hard to perceive his more Noble Qualities: and yet to have seen him upon some great and public Action, one would have thought it impossible for him to reduce himself to a private Station, though this was easy to him whenever he thought it necessary.  
His Affairs at Sedan, were not so many as to take up all his time, so he applied himself to reading, and having fallen upon Calvin's Works, his Mother was extremely pleased with it, being confident, That they would be a means to confirm him in his Religion. But when she faw, that from reading he passed to doubting, and from Doubts to a Desire of having them cleared, she began to take the Alarm, especially when she was told by du Moulin, That the Duke had proposed to him the holding a Conference in his Presence, with a certain Religious Person, who was thought to be very well versed in the Controversy: then she begged of him to relinquish that Design, and demonstrated to him both her Grief and Fears.  
The Duke of Bovillon had always had a great Tenderness and Respect for his Mother, and his Fear of disobliging her, was the greater and more just, because he had so much displeased her with his Marriage.  
These Considerations delayed the Conference for some time, though the Duke did ardently desire it, because du Moulin had urged several things against the Catholic Religion, which the Duke of Bovillon was not able to answer. He spent some Months in these Circumstances, but being no longer able to lie under such Uncertainties, in an Affair of so great Consequence, he Resolved, to be plain with du Moulin, and to speak to him as his Prince. He told him then, That he would propound his Doubts in the Presence of the Father he had proposed before, and another understanding Person, that he had sent for to Sedan: but he charged him, Not to let his Mother have any intimation of it. There were several secret Conferences held, after which the Duke was perfectly convinced of the Errors of his Persuasion. He made his Abjuration of it, but it was in private, that he might not offend his Mother; hoping, by this Management, to endeavour, in time, to bring her over to the Knowledge of the Truth. He set himself to this, with all the Application imaginable; and we may imagine he would leave nothing undone, in so important an Affair, whose Success would spare him so much Trouble.  
It would be too tedious for me to relate here, what passed after this, during the space of two Years, in which he continued to gain farther Light and more ample Instructions. I shall only say this, That I believe, No Man of his Quality was ever better instructed, or more persuaded of his Religion.  
In the mean time, he received Advice, That the Spaniards were marching to Mastricht, with a Design to besiege it. He was to lose no time, but immediately to throw himself into the Town. He departed the same moment, but found it invested. However, by good Fortune, he got in, though not without Danger. He defended it with a great deal of Bravery, and signalised himself by frequent Sallies: so that the Prince of Orange having gained time to join his Troops; and to march; the Enemy, upon his Approach, immediately raised the Siege.  
In this Place the Duke of Bovillon met with Beringuan, for whom he had a great Esteem and Friendship. He was a Man of Worth: Cardinal Richlieu had banished him, because he was in favour with Lewis the XIII th'. and because He had not only a great deal of Loyalty, but as much Bravery and Conduct.  
The Duke of Bovillon made him the Confident of his Abjuration; and withal, told him, That to the present minute he had kept it as a great Secret, because of the Duchess his Mother; but that, seeing (though not without extreme Concern) neither Time, nor any thing else that he could do, would retrieve her from her Errors, he was upon the point of declaring himself to her, and professing publicly the Catholic Religion, when he received the News, That the Enemy was marching to Mastricht. He added, That there was but one only Reason, which could possibly induce him to delay it longer, which was his Suspicion, lest in the present Conjuncture, the News of his Abjuration might raise some Jealousies in the States and Prince of Orange; but that, as soon as he should come to Sedan, he would declare, and send them a Resignation of their Government, and the Command he had in their Cavalry: which he did the first moment after his Return.  
The great Affliction of his Mother, the Duchess, cannot be expressed. Nor was the Grief and Indignation of the whole Family any less. The City of Sedan, inhabited by Protestants, changed the Love they bore him into a secret Hatred. He lost all his Posts in Holland, and renounced his greatest Expectations. In short, upon the sole Respect he had to his future Salvation, he resisted all humane Considerations, and passed by all the Advantages of his Fortune. So many great Difficulties, which he foresaw well enough, and knew they must be surmounted, might easily let us see the Vigour of his Mind, and the Grandeur of his Courage; unless the Conversion of men's Hearts is to be attributed to God alone.  
Some time after the Duke of Bovillon had declared his Abjuration, he came to Court. He knew it not, nor was he known there, but by his Reputation. His Design was to follow the Interest of France, where he had large Demesnes, and his chief Inclination being to War, that against Spain, which had continued some Years, seemed to open a way both to his Glory, and his Fortunes.  
The Cardinal Richlieu was then at the highest Pitch of his Grandeur. He was a great Minister, who, as all others do, owed the beginning of his Fortune to a favourable Conjuncture, but the Settlement and Consequences of it were the Work of his own Wit and Conduct. He had always great Designs: and never troubled himself with any, but the most important Affairs of State; that he might have more time for his Diversions and Repose. He governed the State with an Absolute Power, but yet without governing the King, who, on the contrary, hated him at the bottom. But the good success of his Administration, and the sure Establishments he had made himself; set him beyond the Effects of Hatred. However, there was always some Favourite, who, not being sufficiently devoted to him, still gave occasion to Cabals in the Court, and the Intrigues of the Closet: and these, joined with the fresh Example of the Death of Martial d' Ancre, caused great Disquietness to him. He spared nothing to gain Persons of Merit over to him, or to ruin 'em, when he could not gain them. And no Minister was ever better informed of what passed both within and without the Kingdom. Should one judge of him by his Countenance, and outward Appearance, nothing could be expected but an extraordinary Sweetness. Whereas he was violent in all his Desires; and Love and Hatred never had a fuller power over a great Man, to make him act as they pleased. Many of the most considerable Incidents of his Life, had one or other of these two Passions for their Foundation. He was very sensible of Friendship, but never pardoned a declared Enmity. So his Ministry was terrible to Persons that were not in his Interests. For as those he confided in might aspire to any thing, so there was nothing but what his Enemies had Reason to be afraid of. All the great Lords that would not submit to him were in Prison, banished, or out of favour. In short, either forced by the necessity of the times, or his own Nature, he always chose rather to establish the Security of his Person and Fortune by Rigour and Blood, than to run the hazard of good Nature and Clemency.  
The Duke of Bovillon made no long stay at Paris. He was well received by the King, and all the Court. The Count de Soissons visited him often, and upon all occasions treated him with a distinction, which showed his peculiar Esteem, and a Desire of having him for his Friend. But they parted without entering upon any matter that was considerable. The Cardinal and the Duke saw one another often, but there were such Oppositions between 'em, that it was not easy to link 'em in any straight Union.  
The Cardinal was for none but such as were wholly devoted to him: and the Duke of Bovillon was not made for Servitude; he was born a Sovereign, and had passed his Life in a free Country. Besides, the Commands in the Army were full, which were the only Things that could oblige him. So he returned, having only a general Knowledge of the Court, and without any reason to praise or find fault with the Cardinal: but with a Mind not much disposed to comply with his way of Governing.  
Some time after, the Count of Soissons retired to Sedan, to withdraw himself from the Effects of the Cardinal's Hatred.  
Common Fame has published several things as the Causes of their Disagreement; but all the World agree, That if the Prince would have married Madam de Combalet, Niece to the Cardinal, he had designed things so great for him, That a Man would scarce venture to speak, and which would very hardly be believed.  
The Duke of Bovillon dispatched a Gentleman to Court, to give the Cardinal advice of the Arrival of Monsieur the Count; and to entreat the King, not to take it ill, that he had afforded a Retreat to a Prince, who, he thought, had committed nothing which might displease him, and in whom he could find none but honourable Intentions of serving him.  
The King approved the Duke of Bouillon's Conduct, and the Cardinal wrote him word, That his Majesty thought fit, that Monsieur the Count should continue at Sedan. But some time after, the Negotiations not having produced the Effects which the Cardinal expected from them, he would have the Duke de Bovillon abandon the Prince, and make him depart from Sedan. The Duke of Bovillon excused himself, and answered, That the King having once approved of the Prince's Stay there, he thought he might give his Word to him, for his undoubted Security without limitation of Time: That such an Engagement to a Prince of the Blood, did not leave him at the Liberty of proposing such a thing to the Count, as his Retirement: That he prayed him to consider these Reasons, and be pleased to apply himself to his Majesty, to gain his Approbation likewise: That he hoped the rather for this Favour from him, because he could assure him, That Monsieur the Count preserved inviolably all that Fidelity and Respect which was due from him to his Majesty: And that he saw him very much disposed to come sincerely to an Accommodation. In short, he was there at that time. But Monsieur the Count being weak and selfconceited, when he did not make himself stubborn by Distrust or Fear, he became so by his Vanity, and Hopes for which he could have no foundation: besides he had no Person near him that was fit for Business, which was the greater Misfortune to him; because, for the generality, even the greatest Men don't maintain their Grandeur so much by their own, as the prudent use they make of other men's Counsels. So this Prince being thus reduced to the Guidance of his own Inclinations, was so uncertain in his Resolutions, that he never was of the same mind for two whole days together.  
In the mean time, the Duke of Bovillon was not ignorant of the Consequences which might attend this refusal he had made, of ordering the Count to retire from Sedan. He knew also the Irresolution of the Prince: he thought that he had Honour and Justice on his side; and, at least, the concern he had for his own Reputation, was sufficient to hinder him from doing any thing that might blemish it. However it was, finding himself engaged, and seeing his own Ruin at hand, he resolved to close with the Prince, to endeavour to fix him to some one design. He told him then that in the condition things were, whatever side he would take, there was no time to be lost in it; that if he would fall in with the Cardinal, he should not stay till the beginning of the Campagn, when the accommodation would become more difficult, and not so advantageous, or honourable, because it would seem to have been forced. That on the contrary, if things were past reconciliation between 'em, he must resolve upon an open War, and take measures proper to maintain it. That for himself he would not counsel him on either side, not desiring in so important an Affair to be Guarantee for its Event: That he had no reason to be discontented with the Court: that at present he had no manner of pretensions there: but that being resolved to hazard all things for his Interests, it was necessary to consider what might happen in case they should take Arms: That he had not altered his resolutions, but on the contrary, would confirm whatever Promises he had made him; and that he beseeched him to believe that nothing was able to stir him: But that he had no mind to let himself be Besieged in Sedan; that he knew a great many Troops were drawn out upon the Frontiers, and that if he would not come to Agreement with the Cardinal, he should put himself into a condition of being in the Campagn as soon as ever the Season would permit.  
Whether Monsieur the Count found himself this day more disposed to determine for War, than he was the day before; or whether he were pushed forward by the Duke's Reasons, and the renewing of his Promises, He at last assured him, that he would come to no Terms with the Cardinal; and to show him, that for his part he would hearken to nothing, he proposed to him a Treaty with the Emperor and the Spaniards.  
The Duke de Bovillon saw plainly, that by their Succours it was impossible to set an Army on Foot that should be able to resist the Kings, and to hinder the Siege of Sedan, or the ravaging of the Country. Nevertheless one day, that He might let the Prince recollect, that it was not he had lead him a march of so great consequence, he took occasion to lay before him all the mischiefs that were to be expected. It is not to be doubted, said he, but that the Emperor and the Spaniard will agree to all the Proposals, that shall be made them on our side. 'Tis their common Policy to agree to every thing till You are Embarked in their Affairs, and afterwards to stand to nothing but what is advantageous to themselves: they will easily give some Money to begin the War, and send Troops to maintain it for the present; but afterwards they'll take care their Words and their Engagements shall be no burden to them; they will support us only to make Diversions, and facilitate their other designs: but their interest and ours will always be opposite at the bottom: It is ours to endeavour to enter France, to ruin the Fortunes of the Cardinal: we must look for our Security and advantage in a Peace, and the Establishment of a new Ministry; They on the contrary, would have our condition beyond retrieving, and this Ministry to subsist to be a perpetual Cause of division and trouble, which they may work their ends by. But if we should be so unhappy, as to be forced to give ourselves entirely up to them, as it must happen, if we be not succoured from within the Kingdom, or upheld by some great Success; the War, which we have undertaken, beginning to be reduced to a common War, You will become a Charge to 'em, by reason of Your Quality; and when they have no Consideration for You, you may quickly judge whether they will have any for me.  
Monsieur the Count was not shocked by all these Reasons; the fear of the Cardinal made him dread nothing else but the falling into his hands. They concerted therefore what were their present Interests, and all that they had to do: They made a double Instrument, which both of them signed; in which, among other things, they promised never to treat separately. Afterwards they sent to the Emperor, and the Cardinal Infant who commanded in Flanders for the Spaniard. The Duke of Bovillon, for his part, sent the Baron de Beauveau, a Man of great Quality, and of a Conduct and Courage which made him always contemn Fortune, and dangers. At the same time the Duke of Guise flying likewise from the Cardinal's Persecution, came to Sedan, and finding things in this posture, desired, That he might enter into the same Alliances, with the Emperor and Spaniards, as the Prince, and the Duke de Bovillon. He gave Beauveau powers to treat for him: but afterwards, impatient to wait for his return, or rather pushed on by the Antipathy, which Monsieur the Count had to him, he went to Brussels, under pretence of labouring to further the Treaty by his presence.  
He was a Prince well-shaped, liberal and magnificent. He had a great deal of Courage, and seemed to have as much Wit. He was then very young, and so they attributed to his Age his great Inconstancy, and several other things, which were unblamable in his Conduct. But the Actions of his whole Life having been always Youthful, there is reason to believe, That at the bottom these Faults proceeded from his Nature, and not from his Age.  
Whilst Monsieur the Count attended the Success of this Negotiation, he sent secretly into France, to endeavour to raise Money from his Estate, and to establish a Correspondence with the Cardinal's Enemies. They were strong, and in great number, but they were dejected, not only by reason of his Power, and the frequent Examples of his Revenge and Punishments: But rather, because Treachery being sure to meet with a Reward, all Confidence seemed to be banished from among Men: and so were absolutely persuaded, That there could be no Security in the most secret Transactions. As for the People, they were universally disposed to a Revolt: for in all times, a long Ministry, let it be good or bad, will procure their Hatred, and whether it proceed from their natural Inconstancy, or their real Misery, they always place their Hopes in a Change.  
In the mean time, the Cardinal ordered great Magazines to be made upon the Frontiers, for the Subsistence of the Army, that it might be sooner than ordinary in the Field.  
The Duke of Bovillon, for his part, began to prepare for the War, and all the Consequences of it, that he could foresee. He made 'em work upon the Fortifications of Sedan, and furnished the Town and Castle with all things requisite for a long Siege. He engaged several Officers, both Horse and Foot, whom he had seen serve in Holland, and made Levies in the Country of Liege, with which he reinforced the Garrison.  
Things were in this Posture about the End of May, when the Baron of Beauveau came to Sedan, with as ample a Treaty as they could desire, signed by the Cardinal Infant for the Emperor and the King of Spain.  
The Emperor promised Seven thousand Men, and the Archduke as many for the Spaniard; and these two Bodies joined together, were to rendezvous near Sedan in the Month of June.  
The Spaniards likewise engaged to send Two hundred thousand Crowns, to make new Levies, or to be employed as Monsieur the Count, and the Duke de Bovillon should judge most proper for their Designs. But the Spaniards gave but one half of the Money which they had promised. Nor did they send that in the time they were obliged to, and they failed entirely as to the Troops. The Emperor performed his part; he sent General Lamboy with Seven thousand Men which he was to furnish. During this, the Marshal de Chatillon came into the Field towards the end of May, and advanced towards Sedan, as if he would invest it, but he returned by the way of Monzon, without attempting any thing.  
The Duke de Bovillon seeing him so near, and judging, that nothing was to be expected from the Spaniards; proposed to the Prince the sending to Lamboy, to make him draw nearer. Lamboy answered, That he had no Orders to pass further without the Spanish Troops. Monsieur the Count and the Duke sent back to him, to propose a Place for a Conference with him. He accepted it; and the Duke of Bovillon went to meet him. He endeavoured to make him understand, of what Importance it would be, to let France see, That they had an Army near enough to Marshal de Chatillon, to be able to oppose his Designs. But seeing he could not move him, by Reasons drawn from the common Interest, and that he had detached the Troops of his Army to send towards Air; he declared to him, at last, That Monsieur the Count and he would go, and make what Terms they could, unless he drew nearer to Sedan, and engaged to enter France with them, after they had joined all their Forces.  
Lamboy, seeing things in this Extremity, changed his Resolution; promised to march, and to be in the Neighbourhood of Sedan, within three days, with his Troops.  
The Duke de Bovillon sent a Gentleman immediately to Monsieur the Count, to acquaint him with the Success of his Negotiation, and stayed himself behind, that he might send down the Boats he found upon the Meuse, to make a Bridge there, to avoid the letting Lamboy's Army pass through Sedan. When he had set them at work about it, Monsieur the Count came to him, under pretence of seeing what they did. The Duke of Bovillon having entertained him some time, with the Discourse of their Affairs, had no great difficulty to discover, that some other Motive brought him thither. He found his Mind so possessed with the Thoughts of an Accommodation, That though he was satisfied before of his proneness to change, yet he was surprised at it, and could not forbear telling him so, Monsieur the Count told him, That since he parted to go to the Rendezvous of Lamboy's Army, he had received a Letter from the Duke of Longueville, his Brother-in-Law, which seemed to open a Passage to a Negotiation between the Cardinal and him, and judging, that in this Conjuncture they had all the Reason in the World to fear the Difficulties which Lamboy's Approach might put them to; he thought it was Prudence to let himself appear more irreconcilable than ordinary: that he had sent a Gentleman, that he could conside in, to the Duke of Longueville, and that, till he was returned, he would endeavour to keep Lamboy on the other side the Meuse. The Duke of Bovillon answered him, That the making such a Proposal to Lamboy must be the Ruin of all their Affairs: for having pressed him to the degree we have done, What Reason have we, says he, to put the Change upon him, so soon and so grossly: it must be easy for him, to see there can be no other cause, but a Treaty with the Court, and then it can't be doubted, but he will retire and leave us exposed to unavoidable Dangers: That it was the Count's business, to show himself at the Head of an Army on the other side of the Meuse: That then would be a proper Time and Place to consider what Proposals to make 'em: And that this March alone would add a great Reputation to their Arms.  
Though these Reasons seemed to the Duke of Bovillon, to have made a deep Impression upon the Mind of the Prince; yet to prevent any thing that might be apprehended from the wavering Condition that he saw him in; Lamboy was no sooner arrived, but he made him pass the Meuse with his Army.  
In the interim, it being the Nature of Irresolution, which proceeds from Weakness, to increase in proportion to the Instances that are made for a speedy Resolve: Monsieur the Count was no sooner returned to Sedan, but he was more unresolved than ever. In this Case he thought the Duchess of Bovillon the most proper Person in the World to second his Intentions. He went to find her; and having reasoned with her, upon the State of Affairs, he obliged her to write to her Husband, all that Prudence or Tenderness could possibly inspire her with; and to send Chadirac, one of his Secretaries, in whom he had a great Confidence, to endeavour, at least, to persuade him to let Lamboy's Army lie encamped under Sedan.  
The Duke de Bovillon, after having received the Letter, and heard all that Chadirac had to lay before him, answered him, that he knew very well the danger they were in, which in reality was augmented, rather by the weakness of Monsieur the Count, than the Power of the Cardinal: That as to what related to his own particular, he saw reason to be afraid of any accommodation that should be made without a Sword in their hands: that it could not lay open to him the prospect of any Hopes, nor leave him so much as any reasonable pretence of making any Demand: that on the other hand, it was not to be doubted, but the Cardinal, either sooner or later, would be revenged of him for those Advantages which he must be forced to let Monsieur the Count have over Him. But that if they could push things forward, one lucky Event in the beginning of the Campagn, would make all France take Arms, and overturn the Cardinal's whole Fortune.  
That he had advice there were great Commotions in Guyenne, and that the Favour that Cinqmars, Master of the Horse, was in at Court, had already made Parties there; that in short he should find greater Security and Advantages in pursuing the War, than in any Peace could be made, as things stood at present. That besides, as he had before told the Prince, Lamboy would assuredly Retreat, the very first moment that he saw him change his design, not being able to attribute the Cause of it to any thing but an Accommodation with the Cardinal. That this was an Argument beyond reply, and sufficient to show, that they must have nothing to do with new Projects.  
Our Forces, continued he, when together, are above ten thousand Men, and the Marshal de Chatillon has not more. There is nothing further than to be weighed, either we must fight him, or force him to retire. Lamboy agreed with me in this, when I made him resolve to advance towards his Entrance into France. If we gain the Battle we have all before us. And after having hazarded so much as I have done, to serve the Interest of Monsieur the Count, Victory may then give me leave to put forward my own Pretensions. But if Fortune prove adverse to us, we may at least gather this Advantage from our ill Success, that our Retreat to Sedan, and so great a Resistance as ours will be, will show how far we are Embarked in these Affairs, and then our Friends, both in the Kingdom and without, will think themselves obliged to hinder us from falling.  
When the Duke de Bovillon had spoke thus to Chadirac, he sent him back, and ordered him to tell the Count, that Lamboy's Troops had passed the Meuse before break of day, and that as soon as he had joined them, and they were Encamped together, he would come to him to concert their final Resolution. In the mean time, a Party, the Duke had sent out, brought him word that Marshal Chatillon had Decamped, and some of the Prisoners that were taken affirmed, that his Design was to Post himself upon the Meuse, near Sedan, to hinder Lamboy's Passage.  
After the Duke of Bovillon had received this Advice, and had made Lamboy pass the River, he went to find Monsieur the Count, to acquaint him how things went, and to let him understand, that now, without any further delay, it was necessary to march up to Marshal Chatillon. Monsieur the Count agreed with him, and the Duke finding him so well disposed, used all his endeavours to oblige him to tarry in Sedan. He offered to leave him absolute Master there; and told him, that in the Progress of the War, he would find other occasions enough to signalise his Courage, but that at the beginning he ought above all things to preserve his own Person. That as for himself, supposing he should fall in the Fight, it would be a great Consolation to him to know, that He was in Safety, and in a Condition to preserve his Wife and Children from being exposed to the Vengeance of their common Enemies.  
Monsieur the Count not only refused to tarry in Sedan, but proposed it to the Duke to tarry there himself; and to let him alone run the hazard of a War, in which the Duke was engaged only upon his Consideration.  
This generous contest was concluded by their Resolution, that both should march. The same day the Duke of Bovillon having heard Mass, and taken the Sacrament at the Capuchins Church, and afterwards left Orders in Sedan, and signed some Papers that he judged necessary for his Household; returned to the Army, and Monsieur the Count came thither likewise some hours afterwards.  
In the mean time Marshal de Chatillon, who was an undaunted General, but incredibly negligent, being persuaded that Lamboy's Forces were still on the other side the Meuse, marched to oppose his Passage. But he found the Duke of Bovillon at the head of them, who having advice of his march was advanced with a great Body of Horse, and being drawn up on a rising ground, had placed his Squadrons so thick, that they could not see there were any Foot to support him. Then he immediately secured all the places thereabouts, that might incommode the Enemy. In the mean time Lamboy came up with the Infantry, and Cannon, and Monsieur the Count with his Troops.  
The two Armies being thus drawn out, and ready to join Battle, the Duke of Bovillon road up to the reserved Body, where Monsieur the Count was. He found him at Confession, behind a Bush, which was his third time that same day. Having tarried a little time to speak with him, he heard the Cannon: so being in haste to return, He charged the Captain of the Count's Guards, to tell him, That, as things stood, it was of the utmost importance not to delay Fight one moment, and that he was going to give the Onset.  
I shall not relate the particulars of this Fight, there are several Printed Accounts of it: and if I should repeat the Praises which are there given to the Duke of Bovillon, I should seem, instead of the Memoirs of his Life, to have undertaken his Panegyric.  
The Duke of Bovillon, with his Horse, charged those of the Enemy, and broke 'em; so that falling back upon their own Infantry, they created so great a Disorder, that in a little time the whole Army was Routed.  
All things went likewise well on Lamboy's side, who fought like a Captain, and a Man of Courage. There was no brave resistance made but by the Cannon, which the Duke of Bovillon attacked with great hazard of his own Person: But after he had taken and routed the Troops that he found there, there appeared no Body of Men that could rally again sufficient to make a Stand. Then the Duke of Bovillon seeing himself near the place where Monsieur the Count was, went himself to acquaint him with the Defeat of his Enemies; but found him dead.  
The Fate of this Prince is the more strange and unfortunate, because he lost his Life without having fought, and lost it even after the Victory, encompassed with his Guards and several Gentlemen, and no one yet could ever truly know, by whom, nor how he was slain. As for my own part, having laid together all the Circumstances, that those who were then about him have related, I am persuaded, that he killed himself. This was likewise the Opinion of the Duke of Bovillon. For it is certain, that he twice lifted up the Visor of his Helmet with the Barrel of one of his Pistols; and that Riquemont, his Gentleman of the Horse, forewarned him of the danger that might happen by it. It is certain, that the Blow was in the middle of his Forehead, and that the Shot was so near, that the Paper went into his Head. Nevertheless, because that the very moment he gave himself this Blow, it chanced, that no one's Eyes were upon him: the Shame and Despair of those that were about him; and, above all, the great Prejudice they had to the Cardinal, made 'em say, That it was he that had caused him to be assassinated, by a Traitor, who had mixed himself with his Guards.  
If we consider throughly, how much the Duke of Bovillon had hazarded for Monsieur the Count, we cannot doubt the Interest he had in the Preservation of his Person. And then, if we judge into what a Condition the gaining of this Battle would have put the Fortune of the Prince; it will be no hard thing to comprehend how great a loss his Death must be every way to the Duke of Bovillon, and consequently how great his Sorrow for him. In the mean time, knowing of what Importance it is, to hinder the Disorder, which generally happens in an Army, through the Desire of Spoil, and Heat of Victory; he returned immediately, and omitted nothing that might secure it to him. It was so entire, that the Marshal de Chatillon lost all his Infantry, and almost all the principal Officers were slain or taken Prisoners.  
The same day the Duke of Bovillon sent Salaignac to the Cardinal Infant to carry him the News of the Victory, and Death of the Count; and to assure him, at the same time, that the Treaty between the Prince and him being mutual, he was ready to maintain it in every part, provided he would oblige the Spaniards to perform their parts for the future, and prepare what they had been wanting in heretofore.  
Whilst the Return of Salaignac was expected, the Duke of Bovillon, with General Lamboy, went to besiege Doncheri, a Place upon the Meuse, two Leagues from Sedan. He carried it in four days: after this, he was for marching into France, being persuaded, that if the Fame of his Victory had already raised the Hopes of the Cardinal's Enemies; yet the Death of the Count, which they must, no doubt, have had notice of, at the same time, would put them into a Consternation: so that it was of very great Consequence, to let 'em see, by the continuation of their Progress, That the Party did still subsist. But Lamboy, without contradicting the Duke's Reasons, proposed only the deferring it for some days, till he had refreshed his Troops. During all this Interval, whatever Instances the Duke could make, it was impossible to oblige him to march further; on the contrary, he sent Three of his best Regiments to Air: and, after that, repassed the Meuse, to follow the Cardinal Infant, who marched to the Succour of Air, and who had sent him Orders to join him.  
The Duke of Guise, in a little time after, returning from Brussels, retired with Lamboy, being offended, that the Duke of Bovillon did not stay for his Arrival before he fought.  
The Duke of Bovillon made a Gentleman go after him, to tell him, That to follow the Spaniards when they had abandoned him, did not look like a Performance of the Treaty which they two had signed. If he had any Designs, that respected their common Interests, it was necessary they should concert them; and that, if he would give him a Meeting, he would be sure not to fail him. The Duke of Guise returned Answer, That he would be at Sedan in three days, and there they would take their Measures. However, he did not come back, nor was there one word heard of him.  
Lamboy, to whom the Duke of Bovillon made a Compliment, by the same Gentleman, wrote him a Letter, the Original of which is in my keeping, and which shows the very great Esteem he had of him. After, having spoke to him of his private Concerns, touching the Prisoners he had left at Sedan, and the Cannon taken in the Fight, He added these very Words: As for what remains, my Lord, I see your Highness is about making your Peace with France; upon which Subject I have nothing to say. But it is with great Regret, that I see myself removed from serving any longer under the Command of so great a Captain; to whom I shall always continue, and with Respect, etc.  
The Duke of Bovillon seeing himself in this manner abandoned, sent back Salaignac with speed, to the Cardinal Infant, with an Instruction signed by himself. He first complained, That since the Death of Monsieur the Count, he had never vouchsafed to send any Person to signify the part he took in so considerable a Loss, both for the Quality of the Person, and the Interest of the Party: That in the very Letter that he had received from his Royal Highness, by the Hands of Salaignac, he was so far from speaking of the Count, in terms due to a Prince of the Blood Royal of France, That he had mixed him, without distinction, with Persons that were not of equal Birth, when he spoke of the Duke of Guise and himself: He assured him further, That he was ready to execute the Treaty: But he declared, he would not stand to it, unless the Spaniards would perform what was behind, and both the Emperor and they immediately send the Troops and Money, which they had promised, for the carrying on the War. He spoke also of Money advanced, and Losses both by the King's Army, and Lamboy's. He represented the Freedom with which he had acted during the War: He left it to others, to tell him how much he had contributed to the gaining of the Day; and desired his Royal Highness to be pleased to consider, That the Posture their Affairs were in, appeared so advantageous, that there was nothing they might not hope for, if he would but put him into a Condition of pursuing the Victory. He further added; That he should take the delays made in answering him and not satisfying his Demands, for a manifest Rupture: That in this case he must be off of the word he had given, and charged Salaignac to demand the Papers he had signed; protesting, before all the Princes of Europe, That having been abandoned, without Regard had to the Faith of a solemn Treaty, nor to the Advantages of a Battle gained, and a Town taken; he was reduced to seek his Safety in an Accommodation.  
The Answer of the Cardinal Infant, was filled with nothing but the Praises of the Duke of Bovillon, and the Examples of those who had been ruined by confiding in Cardinal Richlieu, after having once declared against him: but he avoided any positive Answer to his Demands and Remonstrances, and concluded in these Words: If the Spaniards (says he) have failed in their part of the Treaty, the Emperor having executed his, 'tis just, that his Highness should address himself to him, for an account of their Failings, and that he cannot acquit himself without knowing what he will answer: But Lamboy being retired, no Answer that was to come so far, could be expected, without exposing him to a manifest Danger.  
The Marshal de Brezè at the Head of an Army, had joined the Marshal Chatillon, since the Battle. The King was likewise advanced towards the Frontiers, and come as far as Rethel: so that all the Forces together were Five and twenty thousand Men.  
The Duke of Bovillon seeing himself in this Extremity, forced to retire into Sedan, and to rely upon his own Forces, doubted not but he should be besieged. He therefore applied all his Thoughts, to put himself into a Condition to make a glorious Resistance. In short, it was no hard matter to imagine, that the Cardinal incensed against him to that degree that he was, would not have an extreme Desire to ruin him entirely. But considering the ill Dispositions that the Court and the rest of the Kingdom had towards the Cardinal, and the uncertain Condition of the Siege of Air; it was of dangerous Consequence to undertake that of Sedan. Besides all the considerable Persons about the King, both the Cardinal's Friends as well as Enemies, spoke in favour of the Duke of Bovillon. The latter desirous to hinder a Prince that had been so declared an Enemy of the Cardinal's, from sinking: The others, out of Generosity, seeing him after so great an Action, exposed without any Hope of Succour.  
In short, the King being arrived at Meziers, the Cardinal offered his Mediation to the Duke of Bovillon. He accepted it with a Confidence equal to the Sincerity with which it was offered him.  
From the moment that the Negotiation was begun, and the Truce agreed on, Cinqmars, Master of the Horse to the King, who had been so far declared a Favourite, that he was already very much suspected by the Cardinal, sought the Duke of Bouillon's Friendship by the Mediation of the Thou, who made several Journeys to Sedan, under pretence of the Obligations and Friendship that he had for the Duke, but indeed to offer all things he could hope for, from Cinqmars. He assured him, That Cinqmars had already laboured very much to mollify the King, and to make him recede from that Bitterness and Anger, which the Cardinal had infused into him.  
The Duke of Bovillon answered these Offers, and Advances, with such Decency and good Breeding, as the State of his present Fortune required. He was convinced, in the Sequel, that in reality these good Offices had not been unserviceable to him.  
In the mean time, the Peace was concluded in the most glorious manner that the Duke of Bovillon could desire. The Cardinal would appear in the Treaty as Caution for the Duke of Bovillon, and as Guarantee to Him, that his Majesty should execute it sincerely, even to the Articles of the smallest Consequence.  
The Duke of Bovillon went to Meziers, to see the King. He was received there with all possible Demonstrations of a great Esteem, and entire Oblivion of what had passed. The Cardinal omitted nothing to persuade the Duke, that he heartily desired his Friendship. He told the King in public, that he ought to give him the Command of an Army: and that since, even with the Spaniards, he had been able to beat the French Forces, there would be nothing that might not be expected from his Experience and Courage, when he should be at the Head of them. Nevertheless, after all, upon Consideration of what had happened before, and the general Notion that the World had of the Cardinal's Reconciliations, the more Earnestness he expressed to the Duke of Bovillon, the less Opinion the Duke had of his Sincerity.  
The King went not into Sedan, nor did the Cardinal; Cinqmars went to Dinner there with several of his Friends. The Duke of Bovillon generally was visited by all the Court, and they could not refrain speaking of the extraordinary Esteem they had of him: for as what he had done in the Day of Battle, and throughout the whole War, had increased his Reputation in Arms; so his Praises were no less, for having dared to declare himself against so great a King, and so powerful a Minister; and to put his whole Family and Fortune to the Hazard of a Battle, rather than dismiss an unfortunate Prince that had come to him for Refuge.  
The Peace being thus concluded, the King returned to Paris, and the Duke of Bovillon continued at Sedan.  
As he was very well instructed in his Religion, and had constantly such Thoughts as became a sound Christian; so he always attributed the Success of his Affairs to God: and by the public Prayers that he caused to be made, he returned him Thanks for the Dangers from which he had been delivered. It might seem probable, that after having come off with so much Glory and Success, he should have applied himself to a more quiet way of Life; but he was not born for Repose: and after what had passed, the uncertainty how he should manage himself in Peace, did, for some days, distract his Mind with no fewer Perplexities, than he had struggled with during the War. What Insight soever he might have into things, and though his natural Temper might be never so far from Irresolution, yet it was not easy to determine in his Circumstances. Each side that he could take had great Inconveniencies. To make a long stay at Sedan, and to frame Pretexts for not going thence, was to make France suspect him, to expose himself to new Dangers, and to bar up the only way he had left to Glory and Fortune. Should he take up a Resolution of still pushing on the War, what Succours could he expect from the Emperor and King of Spain, who had so cruelly abandoned him, and in a Conjuncture where their own Interests should have obliged 'em to uphold him, though they had not been bound to it by their Engagements. To go to Court; what Security for him there? He that had been the Soul of the only Party that had ever durst directly form itself against the Cardinal. He that had Printed a Manifesto at Sedan that reflected so much upon his Ministry. He that had gained a Battle, and made too Honourable a Peace to have it ever effaced out of the Cardinal's Memory. And the Cardinal was too well known to imagine, that he could ever dis-unite the Remembrance of an Injury, and the Desire of revenging it.  
The Duke of Bovillon reckoned, that the greatest Vexations of his Life, were those he suffered under these Uncertainties. They must, in effect, have been to him so much the greater, because I have often heard him say, That between two sides, he had much rather take the worst, than not take any; because all would fall to Ruin, by doing nothing, whereas, by Time and Action, one might expect a happy Event of those Affairs, which appeared most desperate in their beginning. At last, having weighed all things, he resolved to go to Court, and carry his Wife and Children thither; and to show that he acted with an open Confidence, he resolved to go and make some stay at Turenne, and some other Seats that he had in Guyenne.   

THE Second BOOK.  
THE Battle of Sedan was fought on the sixth of July. The Treaty of Peace was Signed at Meziers the eight of August, and about the fifteenth of September, the Duke of Bovillon parted from Sedan, in his way to Court. He found it at Nesle in Picardy. De Thou went before him, and Cinqmars came to visit him as soon as he was arrived.  
By the King's Reception, and the Cardinal's acting with him, he had just reason to believe, that things were in the same posture he had left them. In the mean time De Thou omitted nothing which he thought proper to fasten those ties which he had begun between the Duke of Bovillon and Cinqmars; and he thought he could not give the Duke more substantial Proofs of his steadiness and Friendship.  
De Thou had Wit, Honesty, Courage, and very noble Intentions: but his too great activity made him enter upon several Projects which would undoubtedly have been rejected by one who had been more capable of making deeper reflections. He began with the Long Robe, some time after he was for the Sword. So at last he had no profession at all: which must be looked upon as one of the most disagreeable Conditions that a Man of Merit can find himself reduced to. Amidst those different states which showed some uneasiness in him, he still preserved the Reputation of great Honesty. He was then discontented at the Cardinal about some Employment in the Army, that had been refused him, and this discontent, without doubt, did in some measure animate him against this Minister. In short, De Thou was resolved to ruin him. He believed, that as for this World, he could undertake nothing that would be more Glorious, and that before God he could do nothing more just. The Cardinal's Power seemed to him to decrease every day; and Cinqmars on the contrary, to advance in favour, insomuch, that he was now entire Master of the King's Affections. Amidst so many prejudices, it is scarce credible, but that when De Thou laid down his Platform of the Court to the Duke of Bovillon, he allowed some thing to his own Passions. There is a great deal of probability likewise, that it was he who made Cinqmars' desire of the Duke of Bovillon, that he might have an opportunity of discoursing with him freely, to tell him how he stood with the King, and asked what his advice might be, in relation to the Cardinal: But when De Thou made this Proposal to the Duke of Bovillon, he answered, that nothing could be more dangerous to him, and even to Cinqmars, than to let the least suspicion arise of their holding secret correspondence. That the Cardinal having information of the minutest particulars, it was impossible for them to have any private Conversation, especially in such a place as Nesle, that should not come to his knowledge. The Duke of Bovillon therefore desired De Thou to divert Cinqmars from this thought; and to let him understand, that it was the Consideration of their common Interest which hindered him from complying with it. He told De Thou farther, as a Friend, that he was desirous to live fairly with Cinqmars, and to return the advances he had made him, and the good Offices he had received; but that these good Offices were not of so high a nature as to oblige him to be drawn blindly into his Interests: That in short he had no mind to Reimbark himself in new troubles, but that as things stood then, the infallible way of doing it would be to intermeddle with Cinqmars his Conduct. That if the Cardinal and Cinqmars were private Persons, than he should make no scruple of declaring for Cinqmars, but that he could look upon neither of them in such a respect; not the Cardinal, by reason of his quality as first Minister, nor Cinqmars, as being the King's professed Favourite. De Thou promised the Duke of Bovillon to manage things so, that Cinqmars his good inclinations towards him should not be in the least altered. And indeed the Duke of Bovillon meeting him next day in the King's Apartment, he found an opportunity to tell him, that there was nothing he designed more passionately than his Friendship; but that he had prayed Monsieur de Thou to tell him, that he would never ask it till he had merited it by some considerable Service. The Duke of Bovillon answered him with a general Compliment, and for the rest referred him to what Monsieur de Thou would say in his behalf.  
When the Duke of Bovillon went to Nesle, he sent the Duchess his Lady, and his Children, to Paris, to tarry for him there, with a design not to go thither till the King went. But seeing that he would remain some time in Picardy, the Duke of Bovillon stayed but ten or twelve Days, hastened by the Season to make his Journey into Guyenne, and indeed hastened more by his desire to quit the Court, judging that as he saw things stand, it was prudence in him to make no long stay there.  
After taking leave of the King and Cardinal, he went to bid Cinqmars' adieu, who renewed to him all the Protestations he had already made, and told him, that when any thing, which he ought to be informed of, should come to his Knowledge, he would apply himself to De Thou, to acquaint him with it. The Duke told him, that if he would take this pains, he could not Communicate to any Man better, nor in whom he placed a more entire Confidence than in Monsieur de Thou. They parted in this manner, that is, very kindly, but without entering upon any thing particular.  
Cinqmars' was very well Shaped, and very Amiable. He had Courage, a Sprightly Wit, Bold, Capable of great Undertake, and patient in his pursuing them, with great Art and much Application. But being no more than one and twenty, he wanted Experience; besides he was Untractable, and Presumptuous, which are generally the inseparable faults of Fortune and Youth: And these faults are so much the more dangerous, because presumption engages them in rash Actions; and refusing to be advised, hinders their abandoning 'em. So Cinqmars, what Remonstrances soever his Friends could make, he could never overcome the Hatred he had conceived for the Cardinal. If he had only been capable of moderating it, could he but have subdued it before the King, there had been no Greatness to which in time he might not have pretended, considering the violent Inclinations of his Master towards him, and the Age and Indisposition of the Cardinal. But, in short, it was impossible for him to manage these two Points, with a Conduct that should be lasting; whether 'twas by the Fatality of his Destiny, or because Men are not yet arrived to that Pitch of Wisdom, to know when to stop the Career of their Fortune, so as to be able to fix it. But whatever Impatience Cinqmars might have for advancing his Fortune, yet he could not relinquish the Pursuit of his own Pleasures, and that inconquerable Aversion he had for those of the King: for this Prince being inclined to Piety, he used to seek his Recreations in some innocent Amusements; so that what pleased and diverted him, overwhelmed his Favourite with Melancholy and Uneasiness.  
The Abbot de Beaumond then in the Cardinal's Service, since Praeceptor to the King and Archbishop of Paris, has told me, That one day his Master having sent him to Cinqmars, to acquaint him that the King was very much incensed against him; he found him in his Chamber, with Tears in his Eyes, bewailing his Destiny. He said, several times, he had rather renounce all, than endure that Life any longer, which the King made him lead. In short, he was in such violent Passions, that Beaumond was scarce able to let him understand, that the King's whole Discontent proceeded from this, That upon his Return from the Chase of Blereau he seemed so weary, that he could not stay a moment in the King's Apartment, who was retired into his Closet on purpose to call him only to him. The Cardinal, in the beginning took care of Cinqmars' Conduct; He had, in some measure, promoted his Fortune, for the Friendship he had with Marshal de Fiat, his Father, who owed his Fortune to him: but perhaps it might he, because he knew the Place of Favourite could not be void; and seeing the great Inclination the King had to Cinqmars, he might think it better to follow than oppose it.  
At the Return of the Court from Picardy, Cinqmars' desired of the King to make him of the Council. He thought the Cardinal could have no Pretence to oppose him in this, since he could not be ignorant that the King gave him an account of every thing that passed there, though the most secret and most important. When the King first made the Proposal, the Cardinal was so far transported as to say, That it was enough to make his Affairs despicable in foreign Countries, to let it be seen, that so small a Head-piece, as Cinqmars, should have any part in them. Afterwards he sent for him, and told him himself, what he had said to the King; to which he added some things so offensive, that Cinqmars, raging with Grief, flew from him like one distracted.  
Some few days after, upon the Cardinal's being informed that Cinqmars was in Love with the Princess Mary, and that he had Thoughts of marrying Her; he raillied upon it very smartly, and said, He could not believe this Princess would so far forget her Birth, as to debase herself to so mean a Companion. These Discourses being told Cinqmars, raised his Hatred of Cardinal to the highest Pitch. But these Encounters made no Noise then, because the Cardinal believed it his Interest, not to let these aspiring Thoughts of Cinqmars be seen, and the Troubles he created him: and Cinqmars did not think it proper for him to reveal to any Person, the Discourse which he had with the Cardinal, and the Treatments which he had received from him.  
Whilst these things passed between the Cardinal and Cinqmars, the Duke of Bovillon took his Journey into Guyenne. Passing by Orleans, Chance would have it, that he should meet the Duke of Orleans. The Duke of Bovillon would have avoided him, knowing that he had often expressed the Hatred he had for him. It was grounded upon this; That at the time this Prince was retired to Brussels, he had often endeavoured to bring the Duke of Bovillon to his Party, without having ever been able to engage him in it. However he received him very obligingly, and would make him keep St. Hubert's Feast with him at Chaubort.  
After he was arrived at Turenne; and had spent some days in looking after the Affairs of so considerable an Estate, where he had never been before, he went to that which he had in Perigord. Being at Limevil, and coming from Hunting, an unknown Person gave him a Letter, which the Thou had writ to him. He was extremely surprised, when he saw it dated half a League off from Limevil, and that the Thou desired him to appoint a Place where he might see him without being known. He did as the Thou requested: and when they were together the Thou told him, that he was come to desire him earnestly in Cinqmars' behalf, to return to Court again, and that his Return thither would be of very great Importance. The Duke of Bovillon asked him the Reasons, that might oblige Cinqmars to propose to him the taking of so extraordinary a Journey; but he was yet more surprised when the Thou answered him, that Cinqmars had not entrusted him with them. This Proceeding appeared very disobliging, in relation to himself, and almost incredible, in respect of the Thou. He told him, That, being but just come thither, it was impossible for him to return without any Pretence, or apparent Reason. He desired, he would let Cinqmars understand as much: and yet that he would not relate to him all his Dissatisfaction: That something was allowable to his Youth: That the Favour he was in had likewise its Privilege: That he held himself obliged to think the best of Cinqmars' Proceedings, in consideration of the kind Offices he had received from him, and the Confidence he showed he had of him in Picardy.  
About three Weeks after the Thou was returned from thence, The Duke of Bovillon being at Turenne, received a Letter from the King, which ordered him to come to Court with all speed. He departed immediately; and as soon as ever he was in Paris, de Thou came to him, to request him, from Cinqmars, to let him speak with him before he saw either the King or Cardinal. The Duke of Bovillon had a great deal of difficulty to resolve what to do in so dangerous a Conjuncture: nevertheless the Thou obliged him to consent to it, after he had told him, what Measures he had taken, that he might do it without any manner of Fear.  
The Duke of Bovillon then asked the Thou, if Cinqmars had never told him the Reasons of the Journey, which he had made him take into Perigord? De Thou told him, That he knew no more, at present, than when he parted with him; But that Cinqmars had positively assured him, That, by the Sequel, they should see, that neither of them should have reason to complain of the Management he had used upon this Occasion.  
The King was then at St. Germains. De Thou carried the Duke of Bovillon thither in his Coach, and by the favour of the Night, and the Precautions they had taken, He and Cinqmars saw one another without any one's Knowledge. Fontrailles was in Cinqmars' Chamber. Cinqmars' presented him, as his intimate Friend, to the Duke of Bovillon, who had never seen him; and added this at his presenting him, That though he had an entire Confidence in Fontrailles, yet he should not have took the Liberty of letting him be at this Interview, without the Consent of the Duke of Bovillon; if he had not thought there was always more Trust to be given to Persons of Quality, than to Servants; and that indeed he had sent away all his People, under pretence of being alone with Fontrailles, which often used to happen.  
After their first Compliments, Fontrailles and the Thou retired into a Closet: and then Cinqmars began to tell the Duke of Bovillon, That the King had not been well since his Return from Picardy; That the Cardinal however had not desisted from making him resolve upon going into Catalonia. That it was resolved much about the same time, to fetch him from Turenne, to give him the Command of the Army in Italy; and that he judged it very necessary for him, before he saw any Body, to have some Intimation of it: the rather because he could not persuade himself that this proceeded from the Cardinal out of any good Intent, because he lost no occasion of making ill Impressions of him in the King's Mind. That he had told him, a little while ago, That his Duchess had too much Power over him; and that she, in her Heart, was entirely devoted to Spain. That he had heard, that Monsieur des noyer's told the King, That it was no difficult thing to take Sedan from him; because, being obliged by the Treaty of Protection, to receive the King's Troops into it; He would have Right to seize on It, in case he refused as many as should be sent thither. That, in short, the Distrust they had of him was so great, that the Cardinal thought nothing of more Importance, than the hindering him from returning to Sedan. That they would not permit him even to tarry in Guyenne, and that the manner, in which he had been visited, had caused Suspicions, That, without doubt, they would send him to Italy, only that they might be able to secure his Person, in case the King should die. That it would not be difficult to arrest him in an Army where he should have no Troops of his own; not one Friend; and where he was not so much as known, but by his Reputation. That, let him be never so great a Captain, he would find himself much exposed, by the extraordinary things that the Count de Harcourt had done there. That to come up to 'em, he must be assured of as great Fortune as he had, and have the Ministry as much on his side. That besides, the main Action would be either in Flanders or Germany.  
Cinqmars' added; That he now stood fairer with the King than ever, and that he was not less secure of Monsieurs Favour to him, whom he had a little while since acquainted, by the Count d' Aubijoux, of the Resolution that had been taken, of making him go into Catalonia; but he had advised him not to do it, being certain, that the Cardinal's Design was to Arrest him, if the King should chance to die there. That in this case the Cardinal had no small Designs, seeing he had proposed to the King, under several weak Pretences, to leave the Queen and her two Children, at the Castle of Vincennes, where Chavigni, one of his own Creatures, was Governor. That they were persuaded the King could not live long. That it was upon this Consideration, that the Cardinal was so much for his Journey into Catalonia, under pretence that his Affairs there required it. That he doubted not, but that if the King should die so remote from his Queen and Children, he being Master of his Confessor, and all other Affairs, but that he would be so likewise of his Thoughts when he lay a dying; and then, having both the Court and Army at his Command, his Ambition would have no other Bounds, but what he himself should prescribe it. I ordered him further to acquaint Monsieur, continued Cinqmars, that in this Extremity I would advise him to secure the Spaniard, that, in case the King should die, the Party he would find in France, might have some Assistance from abroad, by a Treaty, which should be founded upon a general Peace; and by this means they might secure themselves from the Designs of their common Enemy, the Cardinal. I am persuaded likewise, added he, that the most infallible means of ruining him, if the King does not die, is to dispose Monsieur to take Arms: For I having a Correspondence with him, which I will continue, and seeing the King so often tired with this Ministry, that he would willingly be delivered from it, I will order it so, that his Royal Highness shall not declare, till there is so favourable a Conjuncture, that I can infallibly make the King take a final Resolution against the Cardinal; and I have made a Project for a Treaty with Spain, which I will show you.  
Here the Duke of Bovillon interrupted him; and told him he was desirous to explain himself to him, in relation to the Spaniards. That he was just come from under their Hands, and that he was resolved not to get into them again. That he had too many Proofs of their Breach of Trust, and their Weakness, that besides, their Divisions among themselves were so great, that it was impossible for 'em to carry on any considerable Design, or that in the progress they should not ruin themselves by their Misunderstandings.  
Cinqmars though surprised to the utmost degree at finding the Duke of Bovillon so averse to a Treaty with Spain, and seeing, that in an affair of this consequence, he had advanced too far, towards one that would not enter into the same designs, yet resumed the Discourse, without seeming at all concerned.  
He told the Duke of Bovillon, that notwithstanding all these considerations, it would still be much to their advantage, that Monsieur should make a Treaty with the Spaniards, because it would make him more considerable, and that He, having so much Power over him as he had, would hinder him from making any use of it, unless they should afterwards find it absolutely necessary. After this re-entering upon what concerned the Duke of Bovillon, he assured him he had made his Peace with his Royal Highness, and that he had so disposed him as to clear up those matters that he said he had reason to complain of. That the first time his Highness should see him, perhaps he would tell him the same.  
Cinqmars' concluded with remarking to the Duke of Bovillon, how much he ought to rely on him, since he had given him such Proofs of an entire Confidence. That it was as much as his Life and Fortune was worth, that this should be kept secret.  
The Duke of Bovillon answered, That he should have no occasion to repent; that he would mention it to no Person breathing. He requested the same Secrecy from him, as to what related to the Treaty with Spain. He asked if De Thou had any knowledge of these matters, and Cinqmars' telling him, that he had never spoke to him about 'em, the Duke of Bovillon promised him, that he would never mention 'em to him; and added farther, that as for the Command in Italy, he would think of it, and having weighed the Advantages and Inconveniencies, he would take his final Resolution, and for the rest they might discourse at leisure.  
We may judge, by this whole Discourse of Cinqmars, that the Duke of Bovillon retired with matter large enough to employ his Reason and his Fear. He saw very well, that the Ambition of Cinqmars, and his hatred to the Cardinal, might make him aggravate several things: but then, at the same time, to pass a true judgement of his own Condition, and the present State of the Court, he would find very great probabilities for all that had been told him. That which pressed him most, was what to determine about the employ in Italy: the King having sent for him, upon this account, it was not likely, he would be long without speaking to him of it: should he accept it, he had great reason to fear the Consequence: but in the present Conjuncture of their Affairs, there was more danger yet in refusing it: and to prevent what might be feared upon his refusal, if he should incline to that side, he must secretly, and with speed, retire to Sedan, as the only means to prevent his being Arrested.  
This was all that Cinqmars and the Cardinal's Enemies could desire, to have him retire to Sedan: and indeed to view only the first prospect of the thing, the Duke of Bovillon might see in it both their common Advantages, and his own Security: but to search into the Effects of it, he there must find his undoubted ruin. Besides the Duchess of Bovillon, and his Children being at Turenne, were sufficient Hostages for his Conduct. In short, having weighed all these things, he went the next Morning to pay his Duty to the King, and to see the Cardinal, being resolved to receive the Proposal, that should be made him, as one surprised, but yet as if he were very well pleased at it. The truth is, and I have heard him say so several times, that he was touched extremely with the Glory, to see himself sought to, to Command a Royal Army, six Months after the Battle of Sedan. This thought alone was sufficient to determine him; and without doubt, it contributed much to his persuasion, that Fortune and his good Conduct, should supply all the rest.  
However eight or ten Days passed without the breaking this Design to him: whether the thing was not yet fully resolved on, or because at this time the King was more indisposed than ordinary. This Prince had naturally his health but ill. He was then so weak, that his Physicians began to fear his Life, and to tell this secretly to their Friends. But as secrets of such consequence soon become public Discourse, the Rumour was spread every where that the King could not last much longer.  
During the Expectation of so great a Turn, every one made his own Reflections upon Public Affairs, and according to them regulated the Projects of their own particular Fortunes. But this Conjuncture being the most nice and perilous that ever was known, Fear and Distrust were increased by the Danger; so that the most daring Courtiers were afraid to consult together.  
The Queen, who had been persecuted by the Cardinal so many several ways, was in very great Frights. She doubted not but if the King should die, this Minister would take her Children from her, to get the Regency into his own hands; and though these Thoughts were as so many mortal Blows to her, yet they were not the ut most of her Fears.  
Monsieur the Duke of Orleans, who in several important Occasions of his Life, had likewise felt the bloody Effects of the Cardinal's Hatred, could not doubt but He would look on him as the most formidable Enemy; both for the Memory he would retain of what had passed, and for the Authority, which his Quality, as only Brother to the King, might seem to promise him, during the time of a Regency.  
Things being in this Condition, we may guests in what straits the Duke of Bovillon found himself. Having passed his Life in the Wars and out of France, He had scarce any more knowledge of the Court, than what he had gained by the little stay he had made there; and Natural Parts, how great soever they be, are not sufficient, without being succoured by some Experience, or the Counsels of a sincere Friend, who is harder to be found in that place, than in any other in the World.  
In the mean time they began to open the Thoughts they had of sending the Duke of Bovillon into Italy, and though he had not discovered the Resolution he had taken in this Affair, to any Person: Yet the Courtiers who are always ready to determine what is to come to pass, being desirous of Novelties, and upon this Occasion impatient to have some new Troubles, began already to say, That he would refuse this Employment, and retire to Sedan.  
The Queen, relying upon this Rumour, or pressed by her Fears, made the Thou search after him with Secrecy and great Earnestness. She ordered, that he should first be desired to close with her Interest, and to give her two Instances of it, which she thought very essential: The first was, to accept the Command in Italy; that there might be such a Person at the Head of an Army, of whose Merit she was so well assured: The other was; That, if the King should die, he would promise to receive her into Sedan, with her two Children, not thinking (so well was she assured of the Cardinal's ill Intentions, and his Power), there was any Place of Safety for them in all France.  
De Thou likewise told the Duke, that since the King had been sick, the Queen and the Duke of Orleans had entered into a very strict Union, and that Cinqmars was the Person that had effected it; but that he was the only Man, to whom this Secret had been entrusted, and he desired him not to disclose it to any Body breathing.  
The Duke of Bovillon gave him his Promise; and, resuming the Discourse, told him, It was not possible things should ever come to that Extremity, that the Children of France should have occasion for such a Retreat: that however they should always be Masters of Sedan, when the Queen should be pleased to send them thither; and he should look upon it as a very great Honour to receive 'em there: That as for the Employment in Italy; It had not yet been mentioned to him; but in case it was offered him, he would act conformably to the Queen's Desire. Two days after, de Thou, out of a motion of his own, desired the Queen to signify to the Duke of Bovillon, the satisfaction she took at the manner in which he answered what had been proposed to him on her part; which she could do but in very few words, and that as she was going to Mass; leaving the rest to the Thou, as the Person in whom she had placed an entire Confidence.  
In the mean time, the King grew better; and the Cardinal declared to the Duke of Bovillon, that he was designed to Command the Army in Italy. He spoke to him concerning this Employment in very obliging Terms, but used not any single Expression that might show his Desire of securing him to his Interests or Fortunes: Whether he was withheld by the Consideration of his own Glory, as thinking it below him to Court any Body: or else, having resolved to Ruin him, he would avoid the Shame of having used the Appearances of a real Friendship, in order to his more certain Destruction. The Duke, at his Acceptance of the Employment, made his Reply in general Terms, and with such a Grace, as might become a Man of his Quality.  
The same day the Duke of Bovillon being returned to Paris, Cinqmars came to him two hours before Night, to carry him to visit Monsieur, who lay at Venice-House, where his Stables were then.  
After the Duke of Bovillon had given him Satisfaction, by clearing some Passages that had happened heretofore; Monsieur told him all the obliging things imaginable, earnestly desired his Friendship, and promised to serve him upon all Occasions. Cinqmars' added farther, addressing himself to Monsieur, that he thought he had done him a signal Piece of Service, in bringing over to his Party, a Person of the Duke of Bouillon's Quality; who, besides his Personal Merit, was Master of a Place that was so very important. Afterwards he spoke of the Cardinal without any manner of Reserve; he discoursed at large of what all of them had reason to fear, if the King should die; and Fontrailles and d' Aubijoux being present, he said, 'Twas necessary to treat with the Spaniards. Then Monsieur, taking up the Discourse, assured 'em he was going to send Fontrailles to Madrid, and that he would recommend the Duke of Bouillon's Concerns to him, if he was willing to come into the Treaty. The Duke of Bovillon answered, That he had already spoke clearly to that Point with Cinqmars, and that his Opinion was not altered. Afterwards he represented the Condition of the Spaniards, and their Failures in all their Treaties, more at large than he had done to Cinqmars, adding, That he doubted not but their Consideration for Monsieurs Person would cause 'em to make larger Efforts than they had done for Monsieur the Count of Soissons and himself: but that no Precaution was too great be taken against their Infidelity and Weakness.  
The Duke of Bovillon, as may easily be judged, was not prepared for this Conversation. In effect he was very uneasy to find himself exposed to it. But in the mean time, reflecting upon the Power, which Monsieur would have, if the King should die, and the Union there was between him and the Queen, which Secret de Thou had entrusted him withal; he thought, that though he had not given the Satisfaction to Monsieur which he might expect, in relation to Spain, yet at least he must not leave him without entering further into the Consideration of what might happen upon the Revolution they foresaw: It was his Opinion, That if he should not deliver his Mind freely as to that Affair, it would bring a new Negotiation upon him, which, being managed by Cinqmars, would make him lose the Merit of his Resolution, though he should take one agreeable both to Monsieur and the Queen; because it would seem as if Cinqmars had persuaded him to it. Besides, though the Duke of Bovillon had no Presumption of himself, which is common even to the greatest Men; yet he could not but apprehend, what Weight he might be in a Regency, when at the Head of an Army, that might maintain the Interests of the Royal Family against the Cardinal.  
These Considerations obliged him to reassume his Conversation with Monsieur; besides he was willing to prevent the Thoughts they might have of retiring to Sedan, after the Treaty with Spain, having gathered from Cinqmars his Discourse, that they had agreed to propose it to him.  
He told Monsieur therefore, That he did not know what his Designs were, if the King should die; but considering the Confidence which his Highness had done him the Honour to place in him, he could not but represent to his Highness, That such a Person, as he, ought always to lay the Foundations of his Interest and Forces within the Kingdom, rather than rely upon Strangers. That he might have remarked, That when the Cardinal looked upon him as his Enemy, he omitted nothing that might force him to go out of France: so that there was no doubt but in a Regency he would be much more desirous that he should take that Resolution. That being among the Enemies of the Kingdom, it would always give a plausible Colour for suspecting his Intentions, and making the Parliaments and People abandon his Interests. That he was not of Cinqmars' his Opinion, who thought they could arrest him if the King should die; That it was a thing without Example; and though the Cardinal were never so powerful yet he could not find any Body that would venture to execute so rash a Design. That there was none but the Queen that could contest any thing with him during the Regency; and that if he could join Interest with Her Majesty, he saw no Probability that the Cardinal could so much as put himself into any condition of resisting 'em. However, if upon the King's Death he should believe it necessary for him to go out of France, Sedan should be an assured Retreat for him, the Queen, and Children of France, and that he would pass his word to espouse no other Interest but theirs.  
Then Monsieur took the Duke of Bovillon, and Cinqmars, and carrying them apart from Fontrailles, and D' Aubijoux, he acquainted the Duke of Bovillon with the Intelligence that was between the Queen and him, and concluded with the testifying his great satisfaction in what he had told him; either because he really was pleased, or did not think it proper to advance any farther Proposals concerning Sedan, after such a Discourse as the Duke of Bovillon had made him.  
When the Duke of Bovillon found himself alone with Cinqmars, he told him, that though the Conversation they came from had the success he desired, yet he could not hide from him the dissatisfaction he took at the manner with which the thing was done. For what reason, says he, was there to insinuate to Monsieur such a thing as a Retreat to Sedan? And what necessity of my speaking before him of a Treaty with Spain? Cinqmars' having declared to him his own▪ concern for the trouble he saw him in: All this, continued he, engages you no farther: And I dare tell you, that considering the state of the King's Health, I think I have done you a considerable piece of Service; not only in reconcileing you to Monsieur▪ and in having obliged him to speak to you with so much Freedom: but likewise in that I have so disposed him, as to deliver himself entirely up to you, as he will do, if he follows the design of retiring to Sedan: However I promise you to divert it, if you judge it inconvenient.  
The Duke of Bovillon saw very well that Cinqmars' reasons were pure inventions, and that in effect his design was to engage him to Monsieur, gave him only this Answer; Remember, at least, that I never made any Promise of a Retreat to Sedan, but in case the King should die. For whilst the King is alive, it would be a very odd sort of Conduct in me to be myself at the Head of one of his Armies, whilst Monsieur and the Spaniards should make Sedan the Stage of a Civil War.  
The next day the Duke of Bovillon related to the Thou the whole Conversation that he had with Monsieur, excepting the particular concerning the Spaniards. He told him likewise what had passed between him and Cinqmars, after their parting with Monsieur: adding, that how great a Favourite soever he might be, yet if in any other Encounter he should happen to act with him as he had done upon this occasion, they must assuredly break, and that he saw very well, that all the pains which he had taken so officiously, had no other ground for 'em but a desire to Embark him so far, as that he might be a support to him against the Cardinal.  
De Thou did not excuse Cinqmars. He confessed, that Youth made him often drive on faster than was to be wished for: and he repeated it several times to the Duke of Bovillon, that he would have him take care not to bring himself into trouble. These words made him understand, that the Thou knew Cinqmars' design in relation to the Treaty with Spain, as in effect the thing proved afterwards to be true. For Cinqmars had all along entrusted it with the Thou, who had used all his endeavours to dissuade him: But not being able to accomplish it, he had made Cinqmars pass his word to him, that no Person should know that he had any Cognizance of such a Treaty, no not so much as the Duke of Bovillon. In short, we have seen before, how that the Thou rather than open himself to him concerning that matter in their Conversation at Limevil, suffered the Duke to judge very hardly, both of his own Conduct and Cinqmar's Proceedings.  
At the same time the Duke of Bovillon asked the Thou if he had not heard that the King's Favour to Cinqmars was decreasing. De Thou answered, that he had heard such a thing, and had told Cinqmars of it, who assured him it was absolutely false.  
However, continued the Thou, that which makes me suspect that there may be some ground for these reports is, that Cinqmars asked me with some concern, if they had not spread themselves as far as the Duke of Bovillon. You may easily see then by this Curiosity, said the Duke of Bovillon pleasantly, that I am a Person whom Cinqmars would willingly intrust with the news of the advancement of his Fortune; but I am not one to whom he would discover the secret of its diminution.  
The truth is, as the sequel demonstrated, that about this time the King began to give Cinqmars' great Mortifications, but in private, being unwilling that the Courtiers should take any notice of it; either out of good Nature, or the Uncertainty he might be in of continuing his Anger against a Favourite who had so natural and so great an Ascendant over him.  
Cinqmars' used to go every morning into the King's Chamber, the very moment he waked, and to be two hours with him there alone: But when the King was displeased with him, this Privilege was denied him: and Cinqmars, lest any one should perceive the Alteration, came every day to the Lovure at the same time that he used to do, and entered at the Door of the Wardrobe, but instead of going directly into the King's Chamber, he remained concealed in a little Passage that was hard by, where he diverted himself with reading Romances, till the King called for those Officers whose Place it was to enter. Then the first Groom of the Chamber, who was Cinqmars his Confident, and in his Interests, let him in by a back Door, which was near that Passage; so that they who came in at the other Door finding him in the King's Chamber, and seeing the same Appearances of Privacy, thought his Favour likewise continued the same.  
Whilst things were in this Posture, the Duke of Bovillon had several Conferences with the Cardinal, concerning the Affairs of Italy, and finding himself sufficiently instructed, he thought, things standing thus at Court, the best way he could take, was to go to Turenne, under pretence of preparing his Equipage.  
He went then to St. Germains, to consult with the Cardinal about his departure, but he found that he was at Ruel, and that he would not be back till Night: He resolved to tarry for him, and Cinqmars' having desired his Company at Dinner, he went thither, and carried the Thou with him.  
Persons of the greatest Quality often eat with Cinqmars, even they who were most devoted to the Cardinal, and his Relations: For Cinqmars' all along kept the Measures of Decency with this Minister; and had several times been reconciled to him as sincerely as Reconciliations generally are made at Court; where after having been very highly offended, there are Treaties still to be made for returning into Favour.  
At dinnertime Cinqmars began several pleasant Discourses, in which there appeared an extraordinary Gaiety. This only increased the Duke and de Thou's Suspicion, concerning his Favour: for they thought they saw Affectation in all he said, and much more Trouble than Freedom of Thought: whether they were prejudiced, or else, in truth, it is never so hard to speak without Concern, as when one talks for fear one's Silence should be taken notice of.  
After Dinner, the Duke of Bovillon being alone with Cinqmars and Fontrailles, Cinqmars could not forbear speaking of his Hatred to the Cardinal, and passing thence to the Treaty with Spain.  
The Duke of Bovillon was not at all displeased at it, because he might show Fontrailles that he had not changed his Opinion; but Fontrailles, upon the fresh Difficulties which the Duke suggested, took occasion to tell him, that there were, indeed, shorter and more secure Methods against the Cardinal, if they would make use of them. Then Cinqmars looked upon the Duke, who had changed the Discourse, as if he had not understood what Fontrailles said. Cinqmars' minded it, and told him readily, that the other Methods, that Fontrailles would mention, were undoubtedly, That the Duke of Bovillon, instead of going into Italy, would let Monsieur retreat into Sedan, and go himself thither with him to declare War against the Cardinal. The Duke of Bovillon answered, That he would keep to what he had concluded on, and advance no farther: Besides, he told 'em That Sedan was indeed a very good Place, but, he was confident, that it could not hold out long against a great Army; because there were two Posts near it, which they could not maintain; and they being taken, the Town must undoubtedly follow them. That whenever they made any account of Sedan, they must, at the same time, consider how to gather thither an Army, that should be able to enter France, and to hazard a Battle there immediately. Thus the Conversation ended; and at Night, the Cardinal being come from Ruel, the Duke of Bovillon went to find him, and was told, that when he pleased he might be going to Turenne.  
The Duke of Bovillon now seeing his Departure to be at his own Disposal; the first Thought that came into his Mind, was to return to Paris, to take his leave of Monsieur, before Cinqmars should have time to prepare him to make fresh Instances, concerning Sedan, and the Treaty with Spain.  
The Duke of Bovillon was scarce come to Luxemburgh-House, where Monsieur lodged then, but the Thou came to tell him, that an Account was just come to the King, That Marshal de Guebriant had defeated Lamboy, the General of the Imperial Army. This gave the Duke of Bovillon occasion to tell Monsieur in private, that the News could not but make him consider, that after this Blow, which the Spaniards had received, it was easy to judge, that nothing could be expected from them; and that Marshal Guebriant being posted so advantageously as he was, their Affairs would be entirely ruined in Flanders, should the Hollanders never so little favour France. To which Monsieur answered never a Word.  
The same day de Thou received a Billet from Cinqmars, which desired him to endeavour that the Duke of Bovillon might come and lie at St. Germains. He showed it to the Duke, who told him he had heard that Monsieur was gone thither, and it was easy to guests, that this was the Reason why Cinqmars was so pressing for his coming; but that he could not go to take his leave of the King, till Monsieur was returned to Paris; as indeed he was at that time.  
When the Duke of Bovillon came to bid the Cardinal adieu, that which passed between 'em, was, in Reality, nothing but a Repetition of what was said the same day that the Cardinal had proposed to him this Employment in Italy: but he added this Excess of Civility, That he himself would carry him to the King to take his leave.  
The Duke of Bovillon and Cinqmars parted likewise, without having any thing that was new pass between 'em. The Duke staying two or three days in Paris, upon his own private Concerns, Cinqmars came to bid him once more adieu, and renewed to him all the Protestations of Friendship that he had already made him.  
The Duke of Bovillon passing through Lymoges, Fontrailles came thither almost as soon as he, and making him a Visit at the Bishop of Lymoges his Palace, where he lodged, told him that he was going to Madrid upon Monsieurs Account, to Treat with the Spaniards; and that looking upon him as the Person on whom the Weight of all their Affairs must lie, he desired him, above all things, to take care of the Preservation of his Person. To this the Duke answered, That he could not comprehend but that Monsieur had entirely abandoned the Design of this Treaty, after what he had represented to him concerning the State of the Spanish Affairs in Flanders, since the Defeat of Lamboy: That, for his own part, he might easily perceive that this ill Success had not changed his former Dispositions; and so he desired him not to mention his Name upon any Account, throughout the whole Negotiation; because he was now more resolved than ever, not to enter into any Treaty with the Spaniards during his whole Life.  
Fontrailles used all his Endeavours to draw some word from him, that might not be so peremptory; but his Reasons could not prevail, the Duke still repeating the same thing.  
Towards the end of March, Monmort going to Tholouse, road Post through Turenne. He was a Gentleman of Quality and Merit, devoted to Cinqmars, and more his Confident than Fontrailles himself; Cinqmars had charged him to tell the Duke, That it was a thing of the greatest Importance to them, that he should speak with him once more, he desired him instantly to take his Measures so, that in going into Italy, he might meet him at Lions, when the King should pass that way in his Journey to Catalonia. But on the contrary, the Duke of Bovillon delayed his Departure, on purpose that he might not meet him there; not only that he might avoid the trouble of new Proposals, but because Cinqmars had appointed a great number of Gentlemen of Auvergne, his Friends, to meet him there, which caused the Duke to make his Reflections upon what Fontrailles had said; That there were more secure and expeditious Methods for the ruining the Cardinal, than an open War.  
The Duke of Bovillon therefore did not part from Turenne, before he judged by the News he received from Court, that it was already removed from Lions, and so he could not meet it in his way. The Duchess of Bovillon bore him Company for some days, and afterwards returned to Sedan, with her Children.  
When the Duke of Bovillon lay at Tarare near Lions, Monmort came thither Post the same Night. Cinqmars' had sent him after the Duke of Bovillon, to tell him, that the Cardinal lay a dying: That, for himself, he had never been so much in the King's Favour as he was at present; and so he hoped, in a little time, the Duke of Bovillon would have no cause to repent his having admitted him to such a share in his Friendship.  
Monmort added farther, That Fontrailles was come back from Madrid with a Treaty Signed in as ample manner as Monsieur had desired, but in the condition that the Cardinal was then, there would be no need of it.  
The Duke of Bovillon, after having answered Cinqmars his Compliments, desired Monmort to tell him, that Monsieur was very happy that he should be in no want of Spanish Succours, because by a Letter that he had received from Liege, he was better assured than ever, that they were not able to spare him any that would be considerable.  
The Cardinal was really very sick some few days after his departure from Lions, and continued so upon the Road, and was carried to Tarascon, whilst the King went to the Siege of Perpignan: but it was not his Illness only that obliged him to stay there. The Power which Cinqmars had over the King, was so far increased, during this Journey, that the Cardinal thought he had reason to be much afraid of it; and if the public saw plainly this advance in the King's Favour, by the exterior marks of it: the Cardinal saw still better by what passed in the management of Affairs, and the manner that the King often used to speak to him concerning this Favourite: Cinqmars himself was so far from concealing this Happiness, that he lost no opportunity of having it took notice of.  
It seemed to the Cardinal, that the King was wholly altered as to him, and that the Face of the Court changed likewise in favour of Cinqmars. In short, this Minister, and his Creatures, lay under such great uncertainties, that he had it in deliberation, whether instead of going to the King when his health would permit, he should not wholly retreat and write him word, that the occasion of his removal was, because he could no longer have any security for himself near his Person; Cinqmars being his declared Enemy, and having engaged almost the whole Court in his Cabal.  
In the mean time the King fell sick before Perpignan, and was carried to Narbonne, where it was infallibly believed he would have died.  
Cinqmars' sent a Courier to Monsieur to acquaint him with it. He was advanced as far as Bourbon, under pretence of drinking the Waters, and he had no sooner received the news of the King's Condition; but that he sent the Count D' Aubijeux Post away to find the Duke of Bovillon with all Diligence.  
D' Aubijoux carried only a single Credential, and was to demand of the Duke of Bovillon the necessary Orders for the receiving of Monsieur, the Queen, and her two Children into Sedan.  
D' Aubijoux had contracted a very strict Friendship with the Duke of Bovillon. He was a Man of great Quality, of the Family of D' Amboise, and had the reputation of much Honour and Courage. The Duke of Bovillon kept him three days concealed in the Camp, not being able to determine what to do, and in the Conversation they had together, the Duke of Bovillon oftentimes repeated to him the same things he had already told to Monsieur, when he saw him at Venice House, and they spoke about Sedan, the Treaty with Spain, and what was to be done if the King should chance to die. For indeed the more the Duke thought of it, he was the less able to comprehend, that the Queen and Monsieur should ever imagine, that upon the King's Death they should be obliged to leave the Kingdom: so that when he joined these Arguments which possessed his Mind, to the memory of what had passed between Mounsieur, Cinqmars, and himself, he could scarce doubt but this last instance about Sedan was a pure Artifice of Cinqmars. The Pretext of providing a Retreat for the Queen, her Children, and Monsieur, was very plausible and glorious for the Duke of Bovillon: But he had all the reason in the World to fear, lest by this Engagement he should find himself Embarked with the Spaniards, to maintain a Civil War against his own Inclinations.  
In the mean time, D' Aubijoux, who knew with what impatience his return was expected, omitted nothing that might remove the Duke's Suspicions, and the Duke of Bovillon did not doubt but that if they had a design of deceiving him, they would not have begun it with deceiving D' Aubijoux: Besides, he had been several times assured by D' Aubijoux, that he was too much his Servant not to admonish him: That if he should send him back, without agreeing to any thing, he might be certain, Monsieur would resent it mortally; and if the King, as it was probable, should die at Narbonne, it was easy to apprehend, that in the posture things would be then, it would be of no small consequence, to have the Cardinal for his concealed Enemy, and Monsieur for his professed one.  
The Duke of Bovillon had resisted all these Considerations: but at last there arrived an express from Court, with Letters for him and several Officers in the Army, which all imported, That the King's Life was despaired of.  
Then the Duke of Bovillon fixed his resolution, and gave D' Aubijoux the Letters he demanded; but with this precaution, that he made him swear, they should not go out of his hands till after the King's Death; and that if the King should recover, he would keep 'em to give him again, or else burn 'em, if he found any danger like to be in preserving them.  
Whatever haste D' Aubijoux could make, he found things strangely altered at his return. The King was out of Danger, and the Cardinal, amidst his Fears and Uncertainties, had advice of the Journey which Fontrailles had made to Madrid; and waiting till he could learn more, he in the mean time sent Chavigni, Secretary of State, to acquaint the King with it, but gave him express Order to engage his Majesty, upon his Conscience, to keep the Secret. However Cinqmars perceived some alteration in the King. He spoke of it to Fontrailles, who advised him to retire to Monsieur. Fontrailles seeing he could not persuade him to take this Resolution, gave the Duke of Espernon a Challenge, that he might have a pretence to go from Court, without increasing the suspicions that might arise against Cinqmars, by his absence: after this he disguised himself, and got safe into England.  
Cinqmars' sent Monsieur advice how things stood. Monsieur desired him to come to Moulin's at a day appointed, and that he was resolved to get out of the Kingdom by the way of Franche-Comté.  
In the mean time, the Cardinal who set every thing at Work, to discover the cause of Fontrailles' Journey, by some means got a Copy of the Treaty with Spain; though no one could ever yet learn, how he came by it, nor from whom. The same moment he sent Chavigni to show it to the King, with Orders to assure his Majesty, that this Copy was taken from the Original, and that, upon his Life, he should have Proofs of it. Cinqmars and the Thou were immediately Arrested, and necessary Orders were dispatched with speed for the Observation of Monsieur. But when he saw that he had lost the Opportunity of saving himself by the Franche-Comté, he be thought himself of sending the Abbot de la Riviere, who was his Favourite to the Court. He gave him a Letter to the Cardinal, which expressed his hearty Repentance in very passionate Terms, and his Desire that his Pardon might be owing to him. The King, at the Cardinal's Intercession, promised to forgive him all, upon Condition, That Monsieur should declare the Truth. In short, the Abbot de la Riviere managed the business so well, that his Master, moved with the Cardinal's Proceedings, and the King's Goodness, confessed, in general, what had passed, excused himself for having burnt the Original of the Spanish Treaty: gave a Copy of it, which he signed to certify it, and made it be countersigned by the Secretary of his Dispatches.  
When the Cardinal had got so important a Piece in his hands, he sent a Dispatch to Paris, to order the Chancellor to come with all speed, that He with the Commissaries might frame a Process against Cinqmars and the Thou: In the mean time they were sent to Lions: and because Fontrailles, to give the Spaniards a greater Idea of the Party, had not omitted the Duke of Bouillon's Name in the Treaty, notwithstanding all his Precautions; and had assured them that he would ratify it, and deliver Sedan for a Place of Retreat, a Messenger was dispatched with great Speed into Italy, to have him Arrested.  
The Orders were directed to the General Officers that commanded under him, the Count du Plessis-Praslin, Couvonges, and Castelan: When they had all three consulted together, about the Manner how they should put them in Execution, they agreed, that they ought to defer it till the next day, when the Duke of Bovillon would go to visit the Citadel of Casal, judging they could not, without danger, attempt to Arrest him at the Head of the Army; so great was the Veneration they had for him, and the Esteem that he had gained among them. He had found so extravagant a Licentiousness in the Army, that nothing was wanting to a Revolt, but a Man to Head 'em; and yet by his great Cares, and the perfect Knowledge he had in the Orders of War, he had reduced it, in six Weeks time, to a most exemplary Discipline, without the Execution of more than two Soldiers: so that perhaps never any General, in so little time, gained the Reputation of a Great Commander, without besieging any Place, or fight any Battle, or having any considerable Enemy to make Head against him.  
The Army was then near Casal, Couvonges who was Governor of it went thither betimes, to set all things in order. The Duke of Bovillon carried Castelan along with him, and left the Count du Plessis to command in the Camp.  
After the Duke of Bovillon had supped in the Citadel, he went down into the Town, where his Lodgings were prepared, and by the way meeting with an Officer, that was just come from the Army; he asked him what News from thence? the Officer told him, he knew of none, but that if there were any he might be informed of it by the Count du Plessis, who had arrived there long before him. The Duke of Bovillon turning himself to Couvonges, told him, that he did not understand what the Count du Plessis meant, by leaving the Army without his Order. Couvonges answered him with much Concern, that he had been at Casal but one Moment: and drawing nearer, gave him in his Ear so mean an Excuse for his coming, that the Duke of Bovillon began to have some Suspicions, and immediately after retired to his Chamber, saying he would write his Dispatches.  
Couvonges, who had taken notice of the Duke of Bouillon's Surprise, as the Duke had likewise done of his, went immediately to the Count du Plessis to tell him what had happened. He had concealed him in a Lodging near the Duke of Bovillon, for they had resolved among themselves, not to Arrest him till he should be in Bed. The Chance fell to Couvonges to carry him word of it; but he had already conceived so much Esteem and Respect for the Duke of Bovillon, that he could never bring himself to the Resolution of Arresting him in the Citadel, and it seemed to him, that by Arresting him in the Town, he should only break the Laws of Hospitality in a less Degree, and have fewer Difficulties in effecting a Design that could never be defended. Couvonges having related to the Count du Plessis and Castelan what had passed between the Duke of Bovillon and himself, they both judged that there would be danger in deferring the Execution one Moment. Couvonges returned directly to the Duke of Bouillon's Chamber, and finding him walking there desired a word with him in private, pretending that a Spy had brought him considerable News from the Enemy. When the Duke of Bovillon had ordered those about him to retire; Couvonges began with the Compliments that are usual upon such Occasions, that he was extremely concerned at the Orders he had received from the King to Arrest him as his Prisoner. The Duke of Bovillon told him, that if he had an Order it was Counterfeited, and desired to see it. Couvonges told him, that he had left it with the Count du Plessis, who was not far off. Then the Duke of Bovillon bade him go fetch it; and, laying his hand upon his Sword, told him, He knew nothing that might hinder him from running it through his Body, for having understood his Duty so little, as to dare to Arrest such a Person as he was, without the Order for it in his Hand. Couvonges having been concerned before at his undertaking this thing, and more troubled now at this Accident, returned to Praslin who was then in the Court.  
The Duke of Bovillon, without losing time, or making any noise, put out the Lights in his Chamber, and got into the street by a Backdoor, there he met St. Aubin who was his Harbinger. After having entrusted him with the Condition he was in, he bid him follow him, took his Cloak the better to disguise himself, and went directly to the Rampires, to try if they could find a place by which they might escape: but he judged it impossible, after having thrown down stones in several places, to learn the height of the Walls. St. Aubin offered to cast himself down to make a more certain Proof of the Danger. But the Duke of Bovillon thought it plain enough already, and would not consent to it.  
At this time, seeing they were going the Round, the Duke of Bovillon retired back; he stayed among some Ruins, and sent St. Aubin to the Town, to see what had passed there, and to buy some Ropes, not despairing still, but by the favour of the Night, he should make his Escape over the Wall. But St. Aubin came back the moment after, and told him there were Guards at all the Avenues, which hindered Folks from passing, and that a Soldier had told him, that all the People were in Arms, upon a Report which was spread, That the Duke of Bovillon would deliver Casal to the Spaniards. The Duke of Bovillon imagining, that perhaps St. Aubin might be in greater Apprehensions than he had grounds for, went to the Place that he saw him come from, and found there that not only what St. Aubin had told him was true, but heard himself likewise proscribed: for 'twas proclaimed by the Sound of Trumpet, That he who took him alive or dead should receive a Thousand Pistols.  
In this Extremity the Duke finding himself near a Court through which there was no Passage, and seeing a Victualling-House thereabouts, he went into it under pretence of Drinking. He found no Body in the House but one Woman. But the Husband, who had run out upon the Noise in the Town, came back soon after, and told him all he had heard concerning this Disorder. The Duke of Bovillon, seeing he had nothing else to trust to, thought of engaging this Fellow; and because he imagined he should work better upon him in his Wife's Absence, he gave her Money to go fetch some Wine. Then he discovered himself to the Husband, gave him his Purse, in which were about Twenty or Thirty Pieces of Gold, with a Promise to make his Fortune. In short, the Duke had gained so far upon him, that before his Wife was returned, St. Aubin was gone back with Orders concerning what was to be done, and the Man had hid the Duke in a Hayloft, after he had promised to effect his Escape the Night following, and that he would say nothing of it to his Wife. But he could not forbear imparting this Secret to her, nor his Wife delay going to reveal it to Couvonges betimes the next Morning. Couvonges went immediately to see if the Advice were true, and made some Soldiers get up into the Hayloft. The Duke of Bovillon finding himself discovered, drew his Sword, and threatened to kill the first Man that came near him. There was one that fired a Pistol at him, but it did not go off. Then Couvonges, hearing the Bustle, got up presently by a Rope-Ladder, and told the Soldiers he would hang up the first Man that should touch the Duke of Bovillon.  
The Commotion was so great and so general throughout Casal, by reason of the Hatred, which they bore the Spaniards, and the Report, which had been spread, That the Duke would make 'em Masters of the Place; that, whatever Care they could take, yet, it was a great deal of Trouble to secure him from the Fury of the People, when he passed through the Town. But because the Orders were to carry the Duke immediately to the Castle of Pierre-Encise, they put him bound into a Coach, with such a Guard, as might show of what Importance they judged his Escape might be to them.  
Cinqmars and the Thou were already in the Castle, when the Duke of Bovillon came thither. The same day they found an Opportunity of conveying a Billet to him, which gave him a perfect Insight into the Posture of Affairs. For the generality it is a great Comfort and Advantage to a Prisoner to receive News, but the Duke of Bovillon at present paid very dear for both of them.  
It is impossible to express his Indignation, when he found that Fontrailles had not only as from Monsieur promised the King of Spain, that the Duke of Bovillon would enter into the Treaty, and deliver up Sedan as a Place of Retreat; but that in the same Treaty he had requested, and obtained a Pension for him. We may guests likewise what Addition it was to his Trouble, to find that Monsieur having given a Copy of the Treaty in Form, had not mentioned in the Declaration he had joined to it, what the Conditions were, upon which, and no other, the Duke of Bovillon had promised to receive him into Sedan; for this Point was not cleared, either because Monsieur durst not disavow what Fontrailles had done in his Name, in a Treaty now made public; or that it was too great a Mortification to show the King what Projects he had laid upon his Death, and to let the Cardinal see, how much he was afraid of him.  
In the mean time, the Chancellor, with great diligence, had given Instructions for the Process against Cinqmars and the Thou, who were both condemned to be beheaded; one, as the Author of a Treaty with Spain, the other, for knowing and yet not revealing it.  
It is not possible for a Man to go to his Death, with more Courage, or greater marks of a Christian Piety, than both of them demonstrated. Cinqmars, being ready to mount the Scaffold, wrote to his Mother, to desire her, to pay some of his Creditors; and showed in the Letter both the Tranquillity of his Mind, and the Care he had of his Conscience.  
De Thou, being better read in Divinity, made admirable Discourses upon the Psalms and New Testament. There appeared in all his Expressions a lively Faith, and an entire Resignation as to things of this World: yet, in short, though in this last Action of their Lives, they both of 'em gave equal Demonstrations of their Constancy, yet it is hard, considering the Disproportion of their Age and Fortune, not to be so favourable to Cinqmars, as to allow him some larger Proportion of the Glory.  
The Duke of Bovillon having but a small Knowledge in the Laws of the Kingdom, was persuaded, that he had acted only like a Man of Honour, in not revealing his Friends Secret, and it was sufficient to excuse him from any Gild of Treason, That he had never given any Powers, nor signed any Treaty that was made with Spain. But when he heard of de Thou's Condemnation, he doubted not of his own Ruin, and for three days, that he continued without receiving any News, he did nothing but prepare himself for Death. However no Sentence was pronounced against him, either for want of Proofs, or through the Instances made by the Viscount Turenne his Brother, who was very Considerable, and grew daily more so, by his extraordinary Actions and signal Services.  
But that which contributed more effectually than any thing to the Duke of Bouillon's Safety, was, That as soon as ever his Duchess had the News of his Seizure, she dispatched her Sister-in-Law, Madamoiselle de Bovillon, who was a Princess of great Parts, and capable of Business, immediately away to Court. She ordered her to tell the Cardinal from Her, That, if he put her Husband to death, she would deliver Sedan to the Spaniards; and that he need not doubt it, since she had already sent to 'em to come thither. But when Madamoiselle de Bovillon saw de Thou executed, she went back to the Cardinal, to tell him, she had full Power to negotiate with him, and to engage in any thing for the Duke of Bouillon's Life and Liberty.  
At last the Treaty was concluded on. It was Agreed, That the King should have Sedan, and that he should give the Duke an Equivalent in Lands within the Kingdom; That, whilst these Articles were in Execution, the Duke of Bovillon should come out of Prison, and the King's Troops enter into Sedan.  
Mazarine, one of Cardinal Richlieu's Creatures, was sent thither to take Possession for the King, and to give all necessary Securities: The Duchess of Bovillon being likewise persuaded, That both her Husband's Life and Liberty depended upon the rendering up of Sedan, parted with it as willingly as she would have received a considerable Favour, and went to Turenne, to meet the Duke of Bovillon, who was retired thither.   

THE Third BOOK.  
THE Year before, The Duke of Bovillon arrived at Turenne, after having gained a Victory, and making so advantageous a Peace, that his Glory had spread itself throughout all Europe: but now he came just out of a Prison, where he had been in great danger of his Life, deprived likewise of the Sovereignty of one of the best places in the World. This unhappy State which rendered him no farther now considerable than his own Personal Merit could make him, yet did not hinder the Nobility of the Neighbouring Provinces from coming in large Companies to visit him: and since they expected to find his thoughts in a posture conformable to his Affairs, they could not but admire to see no manner of alteration in so different a Fortune.  
He conversed with every one as he used to do before, agreeably to their humour, and the quality of their Persons: But he never entered upon any Apology for what had passed, nor any insinuation of the hopes he might conceive for the future. As for the rest of his time he took exact Cognizance of his Revenue, and the condition of his Estate; he enquired into the management of his Servants. In several places he set up Fathers to preach against the Reformed Religion, which most of the Inhabitants thereabouts professed: and he himself entered so far into the Controversy, as to dispute with divers Gentlemen, some of which recanted afterwards: and in their private Affairs, he decided several Cases, and reconciled as many differences. He spent everyday a set number of hours in reading, and particularly in the perusal of the ancient Fathers. He often hunted as well for Exercise as Diversion. He made very few Visits, because tho' Cardinal Richlieu looked upon him as a Prince that was fallen beyond retrieve; yet he could not but have regard to him as an Enemy that would be ready for any undertaking, when a favourable opportunity should present itself, either for his Revenge, or the Reestablishment of his Affairs. Besides, he had notice that the Intendants and Governors of the Neighbouring Provinces had Orders to observe him. So he looked upon Turenne, and his other Seats, as the places of his Exile. But by comporting himself after the manner I have spoke of, it is easy to judge that he was not dejected at it, and that it only increased the esteem they had already conceived of him. So true a thing it is, That when Fortune has reduced Great Men to a private Life, they are able to employ themselves so well as to maintain their Bravery and their Glory.  
Five or six Months after his continuance at Turenne, Cardinal Richlieu died at Paris. The very moment that the Duke of Bovillon received the News, he ordered Prayers to be said for him in the Places that belonged to him; either out of the pure Motive of Christian Charity; or else because a Personal Hatred makes so little Impression upon Men of great Souls, that they cannot carry it to the Graves of their most mortal Enemies.  
The Duke of Bovillon did not change his Conduct upon the Death of Cardinal Richlieu, but the Death of the King, which happened four or five Months after, made him take up new Resolutions. Seeing the Queen was declared Regent, and Monsieur the Duke of Orleans Precedent of the Council; the Duke of Bovillon had Reason to believe, and all France thought the same, That he could never expect a more favourable Conjuncture. He therefore went for Paris. He was very kindly received by the Queen and Monsieur the Duke of Orleans, and the whole Court looked upon him as a Person that could not fail of re-entering Sedan, and becoming more considerable now than ever. In the mean time, he perceived, by degrees, that their way of Treating him began to be much cooler than at first; and the Silence, as to his Affairs, which accompanied this Change, began to let him apprehend, that if they had not entirely forgot the Losses he had sustained, and the Dangers he had run through, yet at least that Remembrance of them which remained, served rather to make his Presence seem importunate, than to inspire any Sentiments that might be to his Advantage. There could be no Addition to the Grief he conceived at seeiug himself in so different a Condition from what he might reasonably have expected: but he thought it Prudence to dissemble the Knowledge he had of this Misfortune, and, in the mean time, that he might be certain what to rely upon, he judged it convenient to demand an Audience of the Queen and Monsieur. They both promised him one. But after having waited several days, to have a time assigned him, they remitted him, at last, to the Abbot de la Riviere, whom they ordered to go and confer with him, concerning his Pretensions.  
The Duke of Bovillon declared to him, That he was willing to execute the Treaty, as to the Exchange of Sedan. But it being impossible that the Valuations that were to be made, the Confirmations, and several other Formalities, that were absolutely necessary, should be finished under several Years, he desired, that, in the mean time, they would put him in Possession of the Place. Not that he had any design of keeping it; but, on the contrary, would, without any trouble, restore it into the King's hands the very moment that his Equivalent was ready. That if it were so at present, he would make no Scruple in receiving it: But he foresaw Delays and infinite Disputes would arise if they should proceed in this Affair, without having first delivered him Sedan; because than they would treat of it as a Business that regarded him only: whereas if they saw him re-established, they would look upon it as the King's Concern, for the extending of his Frontiers by the Acquisition of a Sovereignty, and a Place so very strong, and so very important. That if none of those Reasons would move the Queen and Monsieur, he thought it his Duty to take the Liberty of representing to them, That both of them might die before things might be in a Condition of being settled; that then the Loss to his Family would be inevitable; and that after all that had happened heretofore, they were bound both in Honour and Conscience, not to let him be exposed to this utmost Misfortune. He added farther; That her Majesty and his Royal Highness were the two People in the World that had least Reason to distrust him; nevertheless, to show the Sincerity with which he would proceed, he offered to give them whatever Precautions they desired, even to the Delivery of his Children for Hostages.  
The Abbot de la Riviere answered the Duke of Bovillon with abundance of Compliments. But he told him, that having no farther Orders than to hear him, all that he could do was only to assure him, that he would report faithfully whatever had been spoken, and it should not be his Fault, if he had not a favourable and a speedy Answer.  
The Abbot de la Riviere as being Monsieurs declared Favourite, had for a long time had a great part in the most important Affairs of State, especially during the Regency. He was born at Paris, of a poor and mean Family. He was a Scholar: He had Wit, and made an agreeable Use of it, in every thing that might serve for his Master's Diversion. This was the chief Foundation upon which he raised himself. But after having been the Servant and controller of his Master's Pleasures, he became so likewise of his Affairs and Fortune. He was a Courtier that studied his own Interest, rough and passionate at home, complaisant and submissive to all that were above him, but rude and insupportable to all the World beside.  
During the Minority he was named for a Cardinal. In the mean time, Monsieur perceived that he discovered his Secrets to hasten his own Promotion at Rome, and advance his Fortune at Court. Then Monsieur abandoned him for ever; but this Disgrace did not hinder him from dying Bishop and Duke of Langres, and in great Wealth; yet condemned of all Men for having passed his Life without the gaining of one Friend, and still more unblamable, for never seeing any of his Relations from the first Advancement of his Fortunes.  
The Duke of Bovillon waited several days for an Answer to the Conference he had with the Abbot de la Riviere, and seeing that sometimes upon one Pretence, and sometimes another, he deferred the giving him any, he thought it his best way to address himself directly to the Queen and Monsieur. But they avoided speaking with him, and that with such an Air, as plainly showed him that they did not like his Proposals. Then he returned to the Abbot de la Riviere, to inform him farther concerning his Pretensions. After having enquired for him several times in vain, the Duke happened one day to be in his Antichamber, when several Persons of Quality were coming from him; he asked likewise to see him, but a Valet de Chambre came to tell him in their Presence, that he was gone abroad. This Usage put the Duke of Bovillon out of all Patience. He could not refrain being in a Fury, and telling the Valet aloud, that if it were not out of Respect to Monsieur, he would treat his Master after such a manner, that he should have Cause to remember so base a Proceeding as long as he lived. This Encounter was noised abroad the same day: and since Services which are above Reward, often produce as dangerous Effects as Injuries; The Queen and Monsieur took this Pretence of ridding themselves of the Duke of Bovillon and his Pretensions. They proposed to the Council to have him Arrested. He was advised of it, and, without taking leave, went Post to Turenne.    

Some PARTICULARS Concerning the LIFE OF HENRY de la Tour d' Auvergne, Viscount TURENNE.  
I Don't pretend to give you here the Life of the Viscount Turenne. I wish, for his Glory, that there might be found a Man more daring than myself, and who had Abilities equal to a Design so vast, and withal so difficult, by reason of the Greatness of the Subject. But though no Person would undertake it, yet there is no need to fear, that the Memory of his Glorious Actions would be ever lost. It is impossible without Writing his History, to give an Account of what passed in France for forty Years together. However since I had the Honour, for several Years, to be engaged with him in Affairs of the greatest, as well as smallest Consequence; and that it often happens to Historians to be ignorant of, or else to neglect some Essential Particulars; I shall endeavour by some Historical as well as private Proceedings, to leave Posterity a True Idea of so great a Man. What I shall say in Honour of his Memory, will deserve the greater Credit, because I am so far from being rendered suspicious by the Favours he has done me, that he has ruined my Fortune beyond Retrieve: However I owe Him this Justice, to confess he did it without any Design of Injuring me.  
Henry de la Tour d' Auvergne, Viscount Turenne, was of a mean Stature. He was neither fat nor lean. In his Gate and Behaviour there appeared less of Boldness, than Modesty and Caution. His Hair was brown, his Head big, and bowing a little forwards: his Complexion ruddy; his Eyes large and sprightly, but covered with great Eyebrows that met both together. His Face was regular enough; and yet there was a pleasant Air joined to something that was cloudy in it; which Mixture made a Physiognomy that was extraordinary, and very difficult to be painted.  
In his Childhood he was of a tender Complexion; nor had he his Health well, till after he was Twenty. He was not above Nine or Ten years old, when, having stolen from his Governor, and being sought for a long time, he was found upon the Rampires of Sedan, laid down to sleep upon the Carriage of a Cannon, being resolved to pass the Night there. He had heard his Father the Duke of Bovillon often say, That it would be a great while before he would be able to endure the Fatigues of War: and the Young Prince thought this was a Proof sufficient to undeceive him. He began his first Service in Holland under the Prince of Orange, his Uncle, and was sent thither when he was but fourteen Years old.  
He had naturally an extraordinary Inclination to War, which being very much heightened by the Desire of Glory, He applied himself so earnestly to that Art, that in his Childhood he seemed to be truly sensible of no other Passion. He acquired a great Reputation in a little time, and being in War all his Life, and living till 63. he at last, in all men's Opinion, seemed fit to be compared to the greatest Generals among the Ancients. He was born with a great deal of ' Spirit, but was less Remarkable for a Quick and Easy Wit, than for a Profound Judgement: In Matters that were pressing, and of Consequence, he determined without Suspense, and continued firm and faithful to the Side which he had taken; but he was better at foreseeing the End proposed, than in providing for the different Means by which it was attainable.  
He passed his Life without any Personal Quarrel, however in the beginning he did not always serve under Persons for whom he had much Esteem; several likewise served under him, that had no greater Value for him: and he was joined in Command with others, whose Humour and Manners were very inconsistent with his own; and the more so, by reason of the Emulation and Jealousy which they had of his Glory: for besides that he gave no Credit to Reports, and that he despised such things as were spoke against him, He was always intent upon some great Design, and troubled himself with very few things that were not a real Obstacle to it.  
He was never tempted by the Assurance of a present Success to any Enterprise that might advance his own Glory, when he thought it would interrupt the Course of a Design, greater and more useful for the State, though at a farther distance: and naturally he was so set upon the Public Good, that, to promote it, he often sacrificed his Private Fortune, and sometimes hazarded his own Reputation.  
He was so far from throwing the Blame of ill Accidents upon those Officers he employed, that he never lost any Occasion of encouraging them, when they happened to have met with ill Fortune. Amongst so many Subjects for his Anger and Displeasure, which he must have met withal from the Time he began to be a Commander. He never offended any Body; he was never heard to speak one passionate Word to his Servants; and though he was naturally mild and patient, yet a Virtue so rare, and practised with so much Constancy, could not have been the Effect of his Temper only.  
One day when he was preparing to mark out the Lines of a Place which was to be besieged, he found that he wanted some necessary Instruments; and remembering that a Marshal of France, who commanded one of the Attacks, had more than he used, he sent one of his Guards to borrow some of him. The Soldier came back very much troubled, and repeated aloud several disagreeable things which the Marshal said when he refused to lend them. The Viscount Turenne turning to the Officers near him, Since he is so angry, (says he) we must even let them alone, and do as well as we can without them. After this he attacked the Lines, forced them, and gained all the Glory of the Action.  
At this last Campagne in Flanders, several Courtiers came from the Army very much incensed against him, but without any reasonable Ground. The Viscount Turenne, who did not return till a Month after the King, found that from their private Discontent, they had raised One so general, that there was scarce any Body in the whole Court who did not do himself the Honour of speaking ill, or complaining of him. Several of the Cabal, and some of the first Quality, spoke to him to accommodate Matters, and to clear things with him. All his Answer was, That he would not be at that trouble. It was enough for him to be assured that he had given no Person Reason to complain: that he did not despair but upon some other occasion, where perhaps he might be really to blame, the Gentlemen of the Court would be favourable to him. Afterwards they all came back upon their own accord, as if nothing had passed, and he acted with them as if he had heard nothing of it.  
He was incapable of Hatred, but very sensible of Friendship; he was seen to shed Tears in the Steets of Pontoise, upon the News he received at the Gate of the Town, That the Duke of Bovillon his Brother lay there dangerously sick of the Disease whereof he died: and his Tears were so much the more natural and moving, because it was easily seen that he had a Mind to refrain them. He spoke generally of his Brother with so much Modesty and Heartiness, that discoursing with a Friend two or three days after the Duke of Bouillon's Death, he said these very Words to him; It is believed that I know something of War, but there is nothing truer than I might still have learned a great deal more from the Duke my Brother; and then for Business, How far was his Talon beyond mine?  
He was not always happy in the Choice of his Friends; however he bewailed the Death of several of them: and his natural Goodness was so great, that he was never hardened by all the Blood he had seen spilt. Nor could he hinder himself from having always in his Mind the Design of Promoting some Person or other, notwithstanding so much Ingratitude as he had met with.  
For several Years he had no good Success in War, nay, he was looked upon as unfortunate; however in those Encounters wherein he did not succeed, Fame has always done Justice to his Courage and Conduct, and he has often acquired more Glory, than those who had gained the Advantage over him. He had a very great Ambition, which the Conjuncture of the Times, and his own Prudence, made him, for the most part, moderate, or else conceal: but if he had lived in some past Ages, that have been favourable to Conquerors, though he would have set no Bounds to his own Glory, yet he easily would have done it to his Fortunes.  
During the Regency in the Year 1649. Paris took Arms to drive out the Cardinal Mazarine; the Viscount Turenne (either by the Fatal Constellation which reigned then, or through the Discontent he had conceived at that Minister, in regard of his private Fortune, and that of his Family) took a Resolution contrary to the Interest of the Cardinal, but which he did not look upon as against the public Good of the Kingdom. He commanded the Army in Germany, which consisted of between 12 and 15000 Men, most Strangers; they had a very great Veneration for him, which was owing not only to his Merit, but to his Impartiality, and way of Living amongst his Officers; besides the greatest part of them were beholden to him for their Advancement, having scarce any Correspondence at Court but through his Means. In short, the Soldiers being entirely devoted to him, the Principal Officers of the Army, who were absolutely his, engaged all the others to swear, That they would follow no other General.  
This Engagement was published with the Sound of Drums and Trumpets, and the Acclamations of the Soldiers; so that never upon the Change of any Party was there seen perhaps so general a Consent, and the Testimonies of so firm a Dependence. He declared to the French and others, who would not enter into his Interest, that he left them Liberty to retire; which very few did.  
They marched the next day to enter into France; but upon the third day after, the Viscount Turenne being come to Spire, to make a Bridge for the Army to pass over, Longpr●, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment of Foot, of Vaudecourt, came in haste to tell him, That Thoubal and Chust, two General Officers, that were Strangers, who owed all to the Viscount Turenne, and in whom he had placed his principal Confidence, had passed the Night in treating with Hervard, sent by Cardinal Mazarine, who carried likewise Orders from the Queen, and several Letters from the Prince of Conde to the Officers of the Army; so that being gained by large Hopes and great Sums of Money (which Hervard advanced upon his Credit, to about 12 or 1300000 Livres) they made all the Army change their Minds, so that they were already marching another way.  
This Resolution was so quick and universal, that the same Troops, which a few days before had showed so great a Zeal for the Viscount Turenne, had infallibly seized him Prisoner, if without losing any time, he had not made his Escape: And this was the first time that he understood how little Security there is for the Life and Fortune of Men, when they ground it only upon a Power which is usurped. In the mean time, as it was impossible so extraordinary an Encounter should not have suitable Consequences, the Viscount Turenne, the Campagne following, was at the Head of a Spanish Army, to procure the Deliverance of the Princes of Conde and Conti, and fought the Battle of Rethel He lost it, and when he saw himself out of Condition to think of any thing but the Safety of his own Person; he got apart from those that were flying, mounted upon a wounded Horse, and was followed only by la Barge, Lieutenant of his Guards, whose Horse was wounded likewise; after a little time they saw Five Troopers riding full speed up to them; lafoy Barge told the Viscount Turenne, I have but one Pistol to discharge, and you have fired all yours; Sir, What will you do? Die (says he) lafoy Barge, rather than return into France to serve for a Spectacle. Then they were set upon by two of these Troopers, who advanced before the rest; lafoy Barge went to one and killed him with his Pistol; the other coming up to the Viscount Turenne, took him by the Belt, and offered him Quarter, the Viscount Turenne killed him with a Blow of his Sword; Of the three that remained, one who seemed to be an Officer shot a Pistol at Viscount Turenne, and missed him: afterwards they all three retired without attempting any farther; either that they were frightened by the Death of their Companions, or that the Destiny of France would reserve this Prince for the several Services it expected from him. In Effect the Viscount Turenne had been lost without Recovery, his own Horse and la Barge's being no longer able to go: but lafoy Vaux, a Officer in the Regiment of Blereau, passed by at that Instant, and gave his to him to make an Escape. After these two Actions, which he never recollected without Grief and Repentance; Posterity cannot but wonder that he should be the next Year at the Head of one of the King's Armies, and that they should place an entire Confidence in him. But though there be no Example of an Alteration so quick and great, I leave it to History to show in the several Particulars, how much, during the whole Remainder of his Life, he showed himself worthy of it, by his inviolable Fidelity, and extraordinary Services.  
He began to repair the Misfortunes which had befallen him in the two preceding Years, by two Actions which he did in the space of 12 or 15 days; one at Gergeau, the other at Blereau: and because I was there to see them, and that both times he saved the Estate and Person of the King, I cannot forbear relating them.  
As soon as the Viscount Turenne had received necessary Orders for the Command of the Army, he parted from Blois where the Court was then, and advanced by the way of Sully and Gien, to assemble the Troops which were to serve under him. The King went not yet to the War, nor did intermeddle with Affairs, because he was so very young, and the Queen-Mother reposed the Government of the State entirely in Cardinal Mazarine. Some days after the Departure of Viscount Turenne, the King went likewise from Blois to go to Orleans; but that City had shut its Gates against him, so he took a Resolution of going to Gien. At the time they were passing, without any Precaution, under the Walls of Gergeau, a little Town upon the River Loire, the Baron de Syrup, who commanded the Army of the Princes, attacked the Bridge of Gergeau, with a Design to pass it, and so to fall upon the Court in its March; he was already become Master of the Gate which is on the other side of the River, and was making a Lodgement about the Middle of the Bridge, whilst he raised a Battery of two Pieces of Cannon to beat down the other. The Viscount Turenne, who was advanced to cover the King, hearing the Noise of the Muskets, left the Road, and threw himself into Gergeau. He found there some Foot, but so ill provided of Ammunition, that the greatest part of the Soldiers had never a Charge of Powder. Seeing the Affair to be of such Importance, he made the Gate be opened, and the Drawbridge be let down, and, that the Enemy might hear him, he commanded the Foot which guarded the Curtain, that, upon Pain of Death, no Man should fire without his Order; afterwards having made all those that were with him to alight from their Horses, himself at their Head, he went with his Sword drawn up to the Enemy; chased them from the Lodgement they had made upon the Bridge, and, notwithstanding all their Efforts and their Cannon, which killed or wounded 8 or 10 Persons who were near him, he drove them to the other side of the River, and afterwards broke down two Arches of the Bridge, that he might leave the Court in perfect Security.  
The King arrived at Gien, the Viscount Turenne marched thence to post himself at Briare with the Troops he had gathered: and having learned that the Marquis d' Hoquincourt, who came to join him with a considerable Body, was about Blereau; He went to confer with him, and visit his Camp.  
The Marshal d' Hoquincourt had a great natural Courage. He was capable of undertaking any thing, and venturing all: but he very often did not use all the care and precaution that might be necessary.  
After they had been both to see the Marshal's Quarters, the Viscount Turenne told him several times, that he found he lay very open, and that he would advise him to retire by the way of Briare. He answered still, that he had nothing to fear, and that a good Guard would secure all. In the mean time the Viscount Turenne was no sooner upon his return to Briare, but the Marshal was attacked. The Viscount Turenne having notice, advised the Court of it, and marched directly to him with the Troops he had at Briare, and thereabouts. He sent Orders to those that were at farther distance, to advance immediately by the way which goes from Briare to Blezeau, and ordered all the Artillery to march thither. Half a League from Briare, he learned by some who were run away, that the Marshal D' Hoquincourt was entirely routed. The News was soon after confirmed by a Prisoner, who assured him, that the Enemy were coming to him, and that he had left them upon their march: all the General Officers were of Opinion, that they should go to the King's Person, as being the only advice could be taken in this Extremity, and with a force so very unequal; but the Viscount Turenne, with a vigour of Mind proportionable to the Danger and Importance of the Affairs, scarce staying to Answer them, gave necessary Orders, marched on, and pressed the Troops to redouble their Diligence. La Berge came up to tell him, that every Body murmured, and believed all to be lost, if he did not return to the King's Person. The Viscount Turenne Answered him, That this was a pleasant thing to have recourse to, when Orleans had set such an Example, even before they had received any shock; where will they open their Gates when we shall present ourselves Vanquished, Flying and Conquered? we must perish or save all. The day before, as he returned from Monsieur D' Hoquincourt's Quarters, he saw a Marsh, which made a long Defile: the remembrance of this Marsh came then into his Mind, he judged by the Reflections which he made on the situation of the Places, that before the Enemy could come to him, they were obliged to pass by it. In this Opinion he marched on, and came there so luckily, that he was on one side of the Marsh, at the same time that the Enemy's Troops began to appear on the other; he had not then above 3500. Men: however he stopped a Victorious Army consisting of 13, or 14000. and Commanded by the Prince of Conde.  
The Court was already much Alarmed at the Defeat of Marshal d' Hoquincourt, but they were extremely frightened when they heard of the Viscount Turenne's march. For they doubted not but he would fall into the same Misfortune. In this extremity they thought the only Refuge was to get the River Loire between the King and his Enemies, the greatest part of the Equipage was already past: they began to Unfurnish the Queen's Apartment, and the Pioners were ready to break down the Arches of the Bridge, when they heard Viscount Turenne's great Success, and were assured, that after having seen the Enemy Retreat to their Quarters, he was come back to Post himself at Briare with his Army.  
The same Day Cardinal Mazarine wrote to him to have his Advice, as to the relation he would send with all speed to Paris, and into the Country, to prevent such reports as might be spread there to their disadvantage. This Relation began with the Counsel which the Viscount Turenne had given the day before to the Marshal to Retreat by the way of Briare. The Viscount Turenne struck out this Article, saying, the Marshal was unfortunate enough, without the addition of so disobliging a Circumstance.  
He used very few words upon all occasions. He was uneasy under all long Discourses, and unnecessary particulars; his great Application sometimes seemed to confound him, so that the Reasons he often gave were very obscure; his profound thoughtfulness made him often ask Questions out of the way, and pronounce Sentences which had no Connection; he often times took up Aversions which he did not easily lay down, and commonly rather to the Air and Carriage of the Persons, than to the People themselves. For Example, were a Man never so Brave, yet he could not endure that he should use any thing extraordinary for his defence against the weather. As for those that he perfectly despised, let them be of whatsoever quality they would, yet it was with extreme regret, that he could bring himself to speak to them, and to keep such decencies with them as might be necessary; and the most assured means of incurring his contempt, was to be Vainglorious, and commend ones self. He was very unwilling People should look upon him as a Person prejudiced, or distrustful: and whether it was to cover his own faults, or because a Man's Mind has necessarily opposite Sentiments, he would frequently discover such Secrets as he should have concealed, and would appear just, sincere and open, at the expense even of his Relations and his Friends.  
The uneasiness he conceived at seeing that Men were persuaded he was soon prejudiced by Inclination and Esteem, had so much Influence upon his Mind, that though he was inclined always to prefer his Friends, to such favours as depended upon himself, and to assist them with his Fortune, or engage himself for them; yet he always spoke with less force and boldness upon their account, than in behalf of such Persons who were known to be indifferent to, or suspected by him. Carried either by motives of Justice, or else in respect only of the Glory and Advantage of his Prince, he often did very good Offices, and procured Employment for those who did not love him; so that some may have rejoiced at his Death, who perhaps without their own knowledge, owe the places they possess at present, to his Recommendations.  
He always loved his own Family, but in the beginning he had less considerations for it than his own Preferment, and afterwards neither that, nor his Family could stand in Competition with his Glory.  
In all Encounters he relieved his Relations, even beyond his Ability, and parted with some of his Inheritance in favour of them, being more touched with their necessities than his own wants.  
He never boasted of what he had given, and made his Presents with a modesty very uncommon, and such as is necessary to moderate that Pride and Vanity which for the most part attend men's Bounty: This Virtue which is not usual in old Age, was so natural to him, that even in latter years he bestowed his money more liberally than ever. In short, under a Prince generous and Magnificent, in an Age so proper to raise great Fortunes, he died with much less Estate than he had received from his own Family.  
One day when some of his Friends were talking with him concerning Riches, Rallying and making comparisons on this Subject, he told them that it was true that he could never comprehend the pleasure of keeping Chests full of Gold and Silver; that for himself, if at the years end he had any considerable sums remaining, he should be as uneasy, as if upon his return from a Feast, he should have greater served up to him. Being in the County of Marck in Germany, Count Conismar Marshal de Conyre, proposed to him a way of gaining 100000. Crowns in fifteen days, by means of Contributions: he answered smilingly, that he was much obliged to him, but after having met with several such occasions before, without making any advantage of them, he could not bring himself to alter his Conduct at that Age.  
All the care that he took of his own Person, was only to avoid being a Sloven, the rest depended on his Attendants, not requiring from them, either in his Personal Service, or the ordering of his House, any Care or Diligence; so that at Court as well as in the Army, one might often come into his Chamber without finding any Domestic, to whom you might apply yourself.  
He looked over his Concerns always in gross, but seldom entered into Particulars; and he was troubled that People took notice, that this Humour of his increased, as Affairs multiplied upon him. He spoke generally with a loud Voice, clear and strong; but when he told any Secret, though of the least Consequence, he thought he could never speak low enough; and the Opinion which Men had conceived of his Distrustfulness, was so well grounded, that he seldom could be reconciled to himself for having made a Confident. He was indefatigable both in Mind and Body; his Health, after he was 40, was never interrupted but by one Fever of 8 or 10 days continuance, and by some small Fits of the Gout a little before his Death.  
In Affairs of Consequence, whether easy or difficult, he still acted with the same Vigilance, never presuming on, or despairing of Success; yet more ready always to take superfluous Precautions, than omit any that were necessary. He never spared his own Labour, though he did that of other Men, as much as the Service in hand would permit him. He had always great Designs; and all his Projects of War were founded upon extraordinary Prudence, and a Foresight that looked very far. But when by Chance and the Necessity of things, he was obliged to commit himself to Fortune, he gave himself up to it with all the Gaiety and Boldness of a young Soldier. Those that served under him never knew of his Designs till the very moment they were to Act them. He was more able than any Man in the World to ruin an Enemy's Army, though much inferior to it; and to conclude a Campagne with Advantage, though there was all the Reason in the World to be afraid of its Success.  
In the beginning of the day of a great Battle, there was nothing extraordinary to be remarked in him: but in such proportion as the Affair proceeded and became more difficult, you might see him as it were exalted, and providing for every thing with a Freedom of Mind, and Steadiness of Conduct, which few Men are Masters of in Dangers of long Continuance. However he was timorous at Court, and in his Conversation, and no very expert Manager of his common Concerns. There was likewise a remarkable Change to be seen in his Air and Behaviour: the moment that he came into an Army, he charmed every Body by a way of living gay and easy. He never shut himself up for Business, his Doors being always open; nor was there any Mark of Ostentation or Pride in his Words or Actions: but when he was reduced by Peace to a Private Life, that Suspension of true Glory which he always found in War, left some place in his Heart for the movements of another Glory not so real, which rendered his Access more difficult, even to his best Friends.  
The Power of a Favourite made some Impression on his Mind; but whether retained by his own Glory, or Fear of what might follow, he always preferred his Liberty to the Dependencies which might advance his Fortune: and prudently keeping such Measures as were agreeable to the Posts that Men were in. He passed the most difficult Times without any particular Tie or Engagement. He stood upon his own Bottom, and spoke with the Liberty and Boldness of an honest Man, whenever he thought it necessary to his own Glory or his Master's Service.  
After he had gained the Battle of Dules, and taken Dunkirk, the Cardidal Mazarine ardently desired that he might attribute the Glory of these two great Actions to himself; he would have had the Viscount Turenne to write him a Letter, which should, in effect, declare, that they were owing to him alone, who had thought of, and projected all things in his Closet, and they had done nothing, but precisely executed his Orders. Perhaps there never appeared in this Minister any Passion more eager than upon this Encounter. He committed the Affair to the Count de Moret, a Gentleman of very good Sense, great Merit, his Favourite, and an intimate Friend of the Viscount Turenne.  
The Court was then at Calais, and the Viscount Turenne near Dunkirk: The Count de Moret went two or three times to him, under other Pretences, but in Reality upon this Account only. Moret endeavoured all he could to divert the Cardinal from a Thought which agreed so little with his Condition and Character; He omitted nothing likewise which he thought might induce the Viscount de Turenne to compound for the Complaisance which he desired of him upon this Occasion; he (among the Difficulties of a Negotiation so well intended, which did not succeed) thought himself, at last, obliged to tell the Viscount de Turenne plainly, That he had Reason to fear that an absolute Refusal, would have very disadvantageous Effects upon his Fortune, since, upon the first Scruples which he had made, the Cardinal showed himself to be very much exasperated.  
The Viscount Turenne, who could not be moved by Hopes, neither was so by Fears; he always answered as he had done already, That the Cardinal might put into History any thing that might flatter his Ambition, and make Posterity believe that he was a great Captain; but as for his own part, he would never be reproached with having given him a Title to Authorise a thing so contrary to his Honour and the Truth.  
Almost at this very time, the King fell sick at Calais, and was so ill, that he was thought to be dead. The Cardinal, not thinking that he stood fair with the Duke of Orleans, who was only Brother to the King, would assure himself of those who were about him; but he had Reason to fear they would not be very favourable to him. In this Extremity he had Recourse to the Viscount Turenne: his Design was to go and join him, in case he should be forced to retire from Court. He sent the Count de Moret to him, to engage him to offer himself, and to secure the Army. The Count had Order to negotiate this Affair with much Address, and rather to insinuate things, than speak 'em; but he knowing that this was the most improper Method of gaining upon the Viscount de Turenne, he spoke to him in his ordinary way, without any manner of Disguise. The Viscount de Turenne promised immediately, That he would Speak and Act publicly as a Friend to the Cardinal; that he would represent likewise to Monsieur when he came to the Crown, that in the Condition things stood then, it would be very dangerous to take Affairs out of the Hand of a Minister, who was so able and so well established. The Count de Moret judging that the Cardinal would not be satisfied with this Answer, represented to Viscount Turenne all that he thought might induce him to comply with his Demands. He told him, amongst other things, that the Cardinal could never resolve to form a Party in France, and that infallibly the Queen-Mother would uphold her Fortune. That there was no doubt to be made of the Credit she had with Monsieur, nor the Protection she would give the Cardinal; and so by offering to follow blindly the Interests of this Minister, the Viscount Turenne might without any Hazard, lay such Obligations upon him, as he would always remember. The Viscount Turenne answered, That there was a great deal of probability things would go thus, but that he would never promise more than he now had offered, adding that no Advantage, how great soever, was able to oblige him to give such promises as might afterwards bring him into a Necessity either to break them, or to fall into the Misfortunes which he was now got out off.  
The Cardinal was in effect so little content with this Answer, that after having several times sworn his Ruin, he said a great many extravagant things; sometime, as enraged; sometimes, as dejected: but the King grew well, and his Care, or the Continuation of the War, made the Cardinal forget, or suspend his Resentment.  
He diverted himself with Men of Sense, and Letters, but had no patience with those who professed themselves to be the Beaux Esprits. they had no share in his Bounties, nor he any great one in their Works.  
When free from business, he used to recreate himself, and especially in his Entertainments, but without excess. He would laugh easily at pleasant Discourse and Raillery; and he himself would make use of it in his turn, but always with a great deal of Civility and Discretion. He was moved with such Writings as were natural and lively, loved to read good Books, and especially History. He made his use of it, but scarce ever spoke upon the subject.  
He could not bear a moment's Flattery, as such, but when it was under the appearance of a true Friendship, and such occasions of praising him were taken as fallen in naturally; he took it easily, and then a Flatterer might insinuate himself into him, be established in his good opinion, and reap the advantages.  
He was born in the Reformed Religion, he professed it more than fifty years, without being well instructed in it. At this Age he began to have some scruples, and without declaring them to any Body, he endeavoured to clear them up by his reading; but this served only to multiply and strengthen them. Then he came to Conferences, but only as by way of Conversation, lest his condition might be discovered; The Queen-Mother first apprehended it, spoke to him, and declared, that besides the motives of his Salvation, there were other Temporal ones, which made her ardently desire to see him become a Catholic. This Discourse which would have wrought great Effects upon other Minds, set all the good motions of Viscount Turenne in suspense, and threw him for several years into great indifferency of advancing further; for it is true that he was afraid lest his Conversion should be followed by some remarkable favour, which might make the purity of his Intentions to be called in question, and bring a stain upon his Glory; but at last, urged by his Conscience, he declared his doubts openly, sometimes to the Bishop of Tournay, sometimes to the Bishop of Condom, and to Monsieur de Boucherat Councillor of State (afterwards Chancellor of France) his particular Friends, in whom he placed a great confidence, but he opened himself still more freely to the Cardinal Bovillon, his Nephew, whom God would make an Instrument to perfect the Conversion of so great a Man. In short, being convinced that he was out of the true Church, he went to make his Abjuration to the Archbishop of Paris, without giving him any notice till the night before. He was there only with Monsieur de Boucherat, whom he had desired to Accompany him thither, but without having declared his design, till a few days before.  
There have been evident proofs of the sincerity of his Conversion, during the rest of his Life, he testified it likewise by his Will, which appeared since his Death; for after having thanked God for granting him the knowledge of his Truth, he gave considerable Legacies to contribute towards the subsistence of those who should follow his Example. To this end he gave to the Poor who should be converted at Sedan, and the Lands thereon depending, the sum of 50000. Livers, and to the Poor that should be Converted at Negrepelece, the sum of 20000. Livers; to the Poor that should be Converted at Chastilion, the like sum; which sums he would have to be distributed to the Poor who should be Converted in the foresaid places, or laid out in Rents for them, all at the Discretion of Cardinal Bovillon, and Monsieur Boucherat, whom he desires to be his Executors. This Will is punctually Executed in all points by the Duke of Bovillon, and Monsieur Boucherat.  
The Love and Veneration which the Soldiers had always for him, were much increased in the latter Campaigns: this appeared amongst other occasions the year before his Death, when in the midst of Winter, he made an extraordinary march to attack the Enemy at the Passage of the River D' Ill, in Germany.  
All his Campaigns since the War with Holland, contained Prodigies of Valour and Conduct▪ which would furnish matter for several Volumes, should we enter into particulars; but after having escaped a multitude of Dangers for fifty Years together, which he employed in War; his Army, and that of the Enemies, facing one another, at Sulsback, in Germany, He was killed by a Cannon Bullet, discharged almost at a venture, in a Place where they were raising a Battery. He received the blow in the midst of his Heart, at the same instant that he stopped his Horse to speak to Saint Hilaire, Lieutenant of the Artillery.  
Saint Hilaire had one Arm carried away at the same time, and said a thing very remarkable to two of his Sons, who wept to see him in that Condition; Alas, Children, (said he) you ought not to weep for me, but this Great Man, (showing them the Viscount Turenne) which is the most irreparable Loss that France has ever suffered.  
Perhaps there was never seen any Example of a Grief which was so great and general at the same time: and I cannot think that of the Roman People, after the Death of Marcellus, Germanicus, or Titus, could be compared to the Condition France was in upon this Occasion; Especially, it's impossible to express the Concern of the Soldiers; It appeared for several days together after his Death, to be very fresh and moving.  
Those who commanded the Army having caused a Halt to be made, to hold a Council, what way they should take; the Soldiers, concerned to see the Delay of their Resolutions, began to say aloud and with one Voice, They have nothing to do but to let la Pie, (which was an Excellent Horse known by the whole Army, and one that the Viscount Turenne generally mounted) go loose, and where the poor Creature stops, let them encamp there.  
In the distant Provinces, where this Prince was scarce known but by his Reputation, the News of his Death made a very surprising Impression; the Nobility and People, for several days together, could speak of nothing else but the Greatness of their Loss. Many bewailed him, without having ever seen him. Some excited to this Grief, by the Memory of his Actions; others, in Consideration of the Services which he might still have rendered them; and all in general, as being sensible of the extraordinary Misfortune, by which so Great a Man came to his End.  
At Paris, and the Countries thereabouts, and particularly upon the Frontiers, which were the Seat of War, the Passion was more touching and lively; because they knew him better, and were used to see him come back every Winter with a new Load of Glory. In short, it seemed as if his Loss had been the entire Defeat of an Army, or that each private Person in the whole Kingdom, had lost their best Friend, or their whole Fortune.  
Since, in his Life-time, there came out a Comparison between Him and Caesar, I think I may Remark, That as the small Agreement that there is between a Monarchy and a Republic, made them tread different Paths to Glory, so their Deaths bore no greater Resemblance. Caesar was assassinated in the time of Peace, by his own Citizens, whom he had oppressed; and the Viscount Turenne lost his Life in War, with his Arms in his hand: beloved by all the World, and serving his King and Country, without any other Interest, than that of Glory, and the Performance of his Duty.  
He began to appear in the Reign of Lewis the XIII th', and being upheld by his Merit and Quality, he passed without Favour or Disgrace, all the time that Cardinal Richlieu was Master of Affairs.  
Under Cardinal Mazarine's Ministry, Fortune used him variously, but for the last 20 Years of his Life, he had no Reason to complain of her.  
He found a thousand Occasions of gaining such a Glory, as will be immortalised by all the Histories of Europe; and he esteemed himself so much the happier, in living under a King who had all the Qualities desirable in a Master, and who treated him with such Confidence and Esteem, that he might love him as a Friend.  
I leave it to such as write his History to say, how far he extended the King's Conquests, in the last War, and what his Thoughts were, touching the Affairs in Germany. No one knew certainly what the Motives were, that made him take so long and difficult a March to seize that Post where he was slain; all we can learn, is, that some hours before his Death he had promised himself great Advantages from this last Action of his Life; and he was so far from all Presumption, that when he began to think well of his own Undertake, other People might take his Hopes for an entire Certainty of a happy Success; so that if those who were at the Head of the Army after his Death, have deserved Rewards and Praises, the Viscount Turenne being no less above them in his great Knowledge of War, than by his Quality of General: We have Reason to think, that the Event of a Design, which he had so long before premeditated, would have been much more Great and more Glorious.  
FINIS.   

Books Printed for, and Sold by Thomas Bennet, at the Half-Moon in St. Paul's Churchyard.  

FOLIO'S.  
A Thenae Oxonienses: Or an exact History of all the Writers and Bishops who have had their Education in the University of Oxford; from 1500. to the end of 1690. Representing the Birth, Fortunes, Preferments, and Death of all those Authors and Prelates; the great Accidents of their Lives; with the Fate and Character of their Writings: The Work being so Complete, that no Writer of Note of this Nation, for near two hundred years past, is omitted. In Two Volumes.  
A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam, by Monsieur de la Loubere, Envoy Extraordinary from the French King, to the King of Siam, in the Years 1687, 1688. Wherein a full and curious Account is given of their Natural History, as also of their Arithmetic and other Mathematic Learning. In two Tomes. Illustrated with Sculptures. Done out of French. By A. P. Fellow of the Royal Society.  
The Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley. The Eighth Edition. To which is added, The Cutter of Colemanstreet. Never before Printed in any Edition of his Works.  
Fifty Tragedies; and Comedies. By Francis Beaumond, and John Fletcher.  
Mr. William Shakespear's Comedies, Histories and Tragedies.  
Comedies and Tragedies. By Tho. Killigrew.  
Sir William D'avenants' Works.  
Dr. Pocock's Commentary on the Prophet Joel.  
Voyages and Adventures of Ferdinand Pinto; who was five times Shipwrackt, sixteen times sold, and thirteen times made a Slave, in Aethiopia, China, etc. Written by himself. The Second Edition, 1693.   

QUARTO'S.  
A Critical History of the Text, and Versions of the New Testament; wherein is firmly Established the Truth of those Acts on which the Foundation of Christian Religion is laid: In Two Parts. By Father Simon, of the Oratory. Together with a Refutation of such Passages as seem contrary to the Doctrine and Practice of the Church of England.  
The Works of the Learned: Or an Historical Account, and Impartial Judgement, of the Books newly Printed, both Foreign and Domestic: Together with the State of Learning in the World. By J. de la Cross, a late Author of the Universal Bibliotheques. The first Volume is finished with complete Indices.  
A Sermon before the King and Queen. By the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Worcester.  
The Bishop of Chester's Charge to his Clergy, at his Primary Visitation, May 5. 1691.  
Five Sermons before the King and Queen. By Dr. Meggot Dean of Winchester.  
Two Sermons. One before the Honourable House of Commons, on a Thanksgiving, in November, 1691. The other before the King and Queen in November, 1692. By Dr. Jane Dean of Gloucester.  
Two Sermons. One on a Thanksgiving, the other before the King and Queen. By Dr. Talbot Dean of Worcester.  
Mr. Atterbury's Sermon before the Queen at Whitehall, May 29. 1692.  
Dr. Resbury's Two Sermons before the Queen.  
A Discourse sent to the Late King James, to persuade him to embrace the Protestant Religion. By Sam. Parker, late Lord Bishop of Oxon. To which are prefixed two Letters; the first from Sir Lionel Jenkins, on the same Subject; the second from the said Bishop, with the Discourse: All Printed from the Original Manuscripts.  
The Plagiary Exposed, or an old Answer to a newly revived Calumny, against the Memory of King Charles the First, under the Title of Colonel Ludlow's Letter. By Mr. Butler, Author of Hudibras. Never before Printed.  
A short Defence of the Orders of the Church of England. By Mr. Luke Milbourn.  
The first Book of Virgill's Aeneis. Made English by Mr. Luke Milbourn.  
The Reasons of Mr. Bayes' Changing his Religion. In Three Parts. By Mr. Tho. Brown.  
Novus Reformator Vapulans: Or the Welsh Levite tossed in a Blanket. In a Dialogue between Hick— of Colch. Da— ay— s, and the Ghost of William Pryn. Written by Mr. Tho. Brown.  
An Account of the Proceedings of the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Exeter, in his Visitation of Exeter College. The Second Edition. To which is added the Censure of the University of Oxford on the Naked Gospel.  
A Defence of the said Proceedings, with an Answer to, first, The Case of Exeter College Vindicated. Secondly, The Account Examined.  
A Vindication of Mr. James Colmer, M. B. and Fellow of Exeter College, from the Calumnies of several late Pamphlets: to which are annexed, the Authentic Copies of the Affidavits relating to that Affair.  
Popish Treachery: or, a short and new Account of the horrid Cruelties exercised on the Protestants in France; being a true Prospect of what is to be expected from the most solemn Promises of Roman Catholic Princes: In a Letter from a Gentleman of that Nation to one in England.  
Certain Considerations for the Establishment of the Church of England, By the Lord Bacon. Now published with a new Preface.  
A Letter to a Lord, in Answer to a late Pamphlet, Entitled, An Enquiry into the Causes of the present Fears, and Dangers of the Government: in Discourse between a Lord Lieutenant and one of his Deputies.  
A Sermon at the Funeral of John Melford, Esq by Mr. Easton.  
A Practical Discourse concerning Divine Providence, in Relation to National Judgements.  
A Defence of the Church of England from the Charge of Schism and Heresy, as laid against it by the Vindication of the Deprived Bishops.  
The Indecency and Unlawfulness of Baptising Children in private, without Necessity, and with the Public Form. By Martin Strong, M. A. and Vicar of Yeovill in Somerset.   

Octavos and Twelves.  
TWelve Sermons preached upon several Occasions, by R. South, D. D. Six of them never before printed.  
Sermons and Discourses upon several Occasions, by G. straddling, D. D, late Dean of Chichester. Never before printed: together with an Account of the Author.  
The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Autoninus, the Roman Emperor: Translated out of Greek into English, with Notes by Dr. Casaubon. To this Edition is added, the Life of the said Emperor; with an Account of Stoic Philosophy; as also Remarks on the Meditations. All newly Written by the Famous Monsieur, and Madam Dacier.  
Mr. Waller's Poems complete, in two Parts.  
Sir John Denham's Poems.  
Crashaw ' s Poems; containing, Steps to the Temple, The Delight of the Muse, etc. Third Edition.  
Honour Redivivus: or, the Analysis of Honour and Armoury. Reprinted, with many useful Additions; and supplied with the Names, and Titles of Honour of the present Nobility of England, etc. The Fourth Edition; adorned with several Sculptures.  
The Faithful Shepherd; with an Addition of divers others Poems. The Second Edition. By the Right Honourable, Sir Richard Fanshaw.  
The History of Henry IV. Surnamed the Great. The Second Edition. Written in French by the Bishop of Rhodes, and made English by J. D.  
Memoirs of the Court of Spain. Written by the Ingenious French Lady, and Englished by Mr. Tho. Brown.  
Memoirs of the Court of France, by the same Author.  
Some Motives and Incentives to the Love of God; pathetically discoursed of in a Letter to a Friend: by the Honourable Robert boil. The Seventh Edition much Corrected.  
Arist. Hist. LXXII. Interpret. accessere veterum Testimonia de eorum version, è Theatro Sheldonian.  
Dr. Busby's Greek Grammar.  
The Life of that most Illustrious Prince, Charles V. late Duke of Lorraine and Bar: Generalissimo of the Imperial Armies. Written Originally in French, and made English.  
The Morals of Confusius, a Chinese Philosopher; who flourished above 500 Years before the coming of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.  
A Voyage to the World of Cartesius: Written Originally in French, and now Translated into English, by T. Taylor of Magd. Coll. in Oxford.  
Academy of Sciences; being a short and easy Introduction to the Knowledge of the Liberal Arts and Sciences; with the Names of such Authors of Note, as have written on every particular Science. By D. Abercromby, M. D.  
Homeri Iliados Liber primus, in qua singularum vocum significationes, compositiones ●o derivationes annotatantur: dialecti clarè & distinctè exponuntur, etc. Opera & Study Georg. Sylvan. Par. Med. Editio secunda. Twelve.  
The Art of Practical Measuring easily performed by a Two-foot Rule, which slides two Foot, and which is the best Measure of round Timber the common way; as also the true Measure of Round, Square, or other Timber, of Stone, Board's, Glass, Paving, Painting, Wainscot, etc. Gauging of Casks, and Gauging and Inching of Tunns; containing brief Instructions in Decimal Arithmetic; the best way of using the Logarithms, according to Mr. Tounley: the Use of the Diagonal Scale of 100 parts in a quarter of an Inch; applied to Gunter's Chain. And, lastly, some useful Directions in dialing, not hitherto published. By Henry Coggshall, Gent. Twelve.   

PLAYS.  
By the Honourable Sir Robert Howard.  
Five Plays in one Volume, in Folio; viz. The Indian Queen, Surprisal, Committee, Vestal Virgin, and the Duke of Lerma.  

By Mr. Dryden.  
All for Love. Quarto.  
The Assignation. Ibid.  
Aurenge Zebe,  
Indian Emperor.  
Wild Gallant.  
Rival-Ladies.  
Hamlet Prince of Denmark.  
Macbeth.  
Epsom Wells.  
The Emperor of the Moon. By Mrs. Behn.  
The Rape; or, The Innocent Impostors. By Mr. Braddy.   
The End of the Catalogue.