Septem. 4. 1649.  
I Have perused this learned and pious discourse concerning the Americans, and thinking that it will much conduce to that most Christian work of their conversion to the faith of the Lord Jesus Christ, I do approve it as very worthy to be printed and published.  
john Downame.   

DIGITUS DEI: NEW DISCOVERIES; WITH Sure Arguments to prove that the jews (a Nation) or People lost in the world for the space of near 200 years, inhabit now in America; How they came thither; Their Manners, Customs, Rites and Ceremonies; The unparallelled cruelty of the Spaniard to them; And that the Americans are of that Race. Manifested by Reason and Scripture, which foretell the Calling of the jews; and the Restitution of them into their own Land, and the bringing back of the Ten Tribes from all the ends and corners of the Earth, and that great Battle to be fought. With the Removal of some contrary Reasonings, and an earnest desire for effectual endeavours to make them Christians. Whereunto is added An epistolical Discourse of Mr john Dury, with the History of Ant: Monterinos', attested by Manasseh Ben Israel, a chief Rabbi.  
By Tho: Thorowgood, B: D.  Cant. 8. 8. 
We have a little sister, and she hath no breasts, what shall we do for our sister in the day when she shall be spoken for?  Mat. 8. 11. 
Many shall come from the East, and from the West, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob in the Kingdom of Heaven.  
Aethiops vertuntur in filios Dei, si egerint paenitentiam, & filii Dei transeunt in Aethiopes, si in profundum venerint peccatorum;  Hieronym. in Esai. 
London, Printed for Thomas Slater, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Angel in Ducklane. 1652.   

TO THE HONOURABLE Knights and Gentlemen that have residence in, and relation to the County of Norfolk, Peace, from the God of Peace.  
WHen the glad tidings of the Gospel's sounding in America by the preaching of the English arrived hither, my soul also rejoiced within me, and I remembered certain papers that had been laid aside a long time, upon review of them, and some additions to them, they were privately communicated unto such as persuaded earnestly they might behold further light; being thus finished, and licenced also to walk abroad, as they were stepping forth, that incivility charged 
D. Laert. p. 381.  upon Chrysippus occurred, that he dedicated not his writings to any King or Patron, which custom presently seemed not only lawful, but as ancient as those Scriptures where Saint Luke in the history of the Acts of the Apostles applies himself to Theophilus, Act. 1. 1. And Saint john to the Elect Lady, so named, 
D. Heins. in 2. Io.  some think, or for her graces so entitled, I was easily induced to follow this fashion, and my thoughts soon reflected upon you, Who are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, as well as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, lovers of God, and choice▪ men of your Country. I may be censured for this high, general, and ambitious dedication; but I do freely publish my own utter unworthiness: 'tis true, my respects and love be very much to you all, and my native soil, yet in this I do not drive any private design, I look beyond myself, at your honour, the honour of the Nation, yea the glory of God, and the soule-good of many millions that are yet in darkness and out of Christ; By you is the following tract communicated to the world, I wish and pray, that the design bespoken in it may be cordially furthered by you, and all that read or hear thereof; 'tis like you will find in the probabilities so many judaical resemblances in America, that as it was said of old, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 
Hesych. ●…  either Plato writes like Philo the jew, or Philo is become Platonic; so the jews did Indianize, or the Indians do judaize, for surely they are alike in many, very many remarkable particulars, and if they be jews, they must not for that be neglected; visible comments indeed they are of that dismal Text, Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword to all Nations, etc. Deut. 20. 37. and so they are every where to this day: what more reproachful obloquy is there among men, than this, Thou art a jew? Oh the bitter fruits of disobedience; and 'tis high time for us Gentiles to lay up that example, in the midst of our hearts, Pro. 4. 21. remembering always, because of unbelief they were broken off, and, if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he spare not thee. Rom. 11. 21. It was a sudden sentence, 
Io. Maj. Hist. Scot l. 4. c. 9▪  Tam viles inter Christianos judaei, ut inter mundum triticum mures, jews are as bad and vile among Christians, as Mice in clean whoate; for glorious were their privileges, and we have a share in some of them, that last especially— of whom concerning the flesh Christ came, who is God over all, blessed for ever, Rom. 9 4, 5. and for another thing they have highly merited our regard— To them were committed the Oracles of God, Rom. 3. 9 The holy Scriptures were concredited to them, and they have faithfully preserved them for us, and conveyed them to us: Former times indeed found cause to exterminate them these dominions, I say nothing for such their reintroduction, which must be with sacred and civil cautions, that the sweet name of our dearest Lord be not blasphemed, nor the Natives robbed of their rights, but when will Christians in earnest endeavour their conversion, if the name of jew must be odious everlastingly? I speak for their Gospelizing, though some suspect they are never likely to come again under that covenant, as if the Liber repudii, the bill of divorce mentioned 
Sixt. Sen. Bib. S. l. 2. R. p. 97. Wollet. Comp. Theol. p. 197.  by the Prophet did put them away from God for ever, Esa. 50. 1. as if they should return to their Spouse no more, but that there is for them a time of love, and that they shall be grafted in, Rom. 11. 23. is manifested afterwards upon 
Part. 1.  Scripture grounds; and if the period of their wandering be upon its determination, and their recovery approaching, how may we rejoice in the return of that Prodigal? It is meet that we should make merry and be glad, for our brother that was dead is reviving again, Luk. 15: 32. How should we beg for them that God would pour upon them the spirit of grace and supplication, that they may look upon him whom they have pierced, and mourn for him as one mourneth for his only son. Zach. 12. 10. Or if the lost Tribes are not to be found in America, of whatsoever descent and origination the poor Natives be, if they find the Lord Christ, and the Nou-angles be the Wisemen guiding them unto their peace, great cause shall we have to lift up the high praises of our God in spiritual exultation; how should we cast our mite into this treasury, yea our Talon, our Talents, if we have them? for certainly the time is coming, That as there is one Shepherd, there shall be one Sheepfold▪ Io. 10. 16. It is true, our own Country in many respects stands in need of help, we are fallen into the last and worst times, the old age of the world, full of dangerous and sinful diseases, Iniquity is increased, and if ever, if to any people, the saying of that Torrent 
T. 1. Ep. p. 105.  of Tullian eloquence (so Jerome calls Lactantius) be applicable, it is to poor England, that is not only in the gall of bitterness, but in the very dregs of error and ungodliness, Ideo mala omnia rebus humanis ingravescunt, quia Deus hujus mundi effector ac gubernator derelictus 
lib. 5. c. 8.  est, quia susceptaesunt, contra quam fas est impiae religiones, postremo quia ne coli quidem vel à paucis Deus sinitur. But, O my soul, if thou be wise, be wise for thyself, Pro. 9 12. and give me leave to say to you as Moses to his Israel, Only take heed to yourselves, and keep your souls diligently, Deut. 4. 9 make your calling and election sure, 2 Pet. 1. 10. and because you are the children of faithful Abraham, command your children and families that they walk in the ways of the Lord, Gen. 18. 9 and let who will serve themselves, follow lying vanities, and set up their own lusts; let every one of us say and do as joshua, I and my house will serve the Lord, josh. 24. 15. And not only serve the Lord with and in our households, but in furthering the common good of others, and 'tis considerable God is pleased to own public interests, though in civil things with the 
Nehem 3. 5. 2 Sam. 20. 19  name of his own inheritance. But this is the sin, this is the misery of these times, All seek 
Phil. 2. 21.  their own, not the things of jesus Christ. Even regulated charity may begin at home, it may not, it must not end there, it is the only grace that is sown on earth, it grows up to heaven and continues there, it goes with us thither, and there abides to all eternity, and 'tis therefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, greater than faith and hope, 
1 Cor. 13. last.  not from continuance only, but its extensiveness, it delights to be communicative, it reacheth an hand of help one way or other to every one that needs, though at never so great a distance; after the cloven tongues as 
Act. 2. 1.  of fire h●…warmed the affections of the holy Apostles, they had so much love to souls that they forgot their father's house, discipled all Nations, and preached the Gospel to every creature, Their line went through all the earth, 
Psa. 19 4.  and their words to the ends of the world, that former known world, the same spirit hath warmed the hearts of our Countrymen, and they are busy at the same work in the other, the newfound world; For behold a white horse 
Revel. 6. 2.  and he that sat on him had a bow, and a Crown was given unto him, and he went forth conquering, and to conquer; so the Lord Christ shall be light to that world also, and God's salvation to the ends 
Esa. 49. 6.  of the earth. Britain hath won the Gospel-glory from all other Countries, not only embracing 
De excid. Brit.  it with the foremost, as old Gildas testifieth, but it was the first of all the Provinces that established Christianity by a law 
In Bal▪ Cent. p. 23.  saith Sabellicus, our Lucius was the first Christian King that annal make mention of, and venerable Bede out of Eutropius declareth that 
Hist. l. ●…. c. 8.  Constantine the first Christian Emperor, was created to that dignity in this Island, & Sozom. l. 9 c. 11. saith that so were Marcus & Gratian also; But Constantine brought further honour to the Nation & Religion: For the 〈◊〉 Bede, 
p. 25.  and Ponticus Virunnius affirm expressly, that Constantine was born in Britain; after this, ingemuit 
Rev. 13. 3.  orbis videns se totum Romanum, All the world wondered after the Beast, & groaned under the Papal servitude, and our K. Henry the eight was the first of all the Princes who broke that yoke of Antichrist: but nearer yet to our purpose; The Inhabitants of the first England, so Verstegan 
●…. 5. 123.  calls that part of Germany whence our Ancestors came hither with the Saxons and jutes, derive their Christianity from jewry, Ad nos doctrina de terra Iudaeorum per sanctos Apostolos, qui docebant gentes, pervenit, as that great linguist, 
Not. in Bed. Hist. p. 257.  learned, and laborious Mr Wheelocke hath observed, and translated out of the old Saxon Homilies, 'tis but just therefore lege talionis, that we repay what we borrowed, and endeavour their conversion who first acquainted us with the eternal Gospel, and if it be probable that providence honoured this Nation with the prime discovery of that New World, 
Part. 3.  as is intimated hereafter, it is true without all controversy, that from this second England God hath so disposed the hearts of many in the third, New England, that they have done more in these last few years towards their conversion, then hath been effected by all other Nations and people that have planted there since they were first known to the habitable world, as if that Prophecy were now in its fulfilling; Behold, I will do a new thing, now it shall spring 
Esa. 43. 19  forth, shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in 
K. Theodoric. Theodebert, Clotharius, Qu. Brunechild of France, and to Aldibert and Aldiberga of England. Council. p. 71.  the Wilderness and rivers in the desert, etc. When our Ancestors lay also in darkness and the shadow of death, Gregory wrote divers Epistles to several Noblemen and Bishops, yea and to some Kings and Queens of France and England, these Sir H. Spelman that famous Antiquary, your noble Countryman, and of alliance to divers of you, calls epistolas Britannicas, which are also mentioned afterwards; in these he gives God thanks for their forwardness to further the work of grace, and desires earnestly the continuance of their bountiful and exemplary encouragement of such as were zealously employed in that Soule-worke, and that is one of the two businesses intended in the following discourse, which begs your assistance in your Spheres, and cordial concurrence to promote a design of so much glory to the Lord of glory. This is no new notion, or motion, all the royal Charters required the Gospellizing of the Natives; and in the beginning of this Parliament there was an Ordinance of Lords and Commons appointing a Committee of both, and their work was, among other things, to advance the true Protestant Religion in America, and to spread the Gospel among the Natives there; and since, very lately, there is an Act for the promoting and propagating the Gospel of jesus Christ in New-England. I wish prosperity to all the Plantations, but those of New-England deserve from hence more than ordinary favour; because, as by an Edict at Winchester, about 
Holinsh. Chro. part. 1. p. 15.  eighth hundred years since, King Ecbert commanded this Country should be called Angles-land, so these your Countrymen of their own accord, and alone, were, and are, ambitious to retain the name of their own Nation; besides, this England had once an Heptarchate, 
Kent, Mercia, Westsaxons, Northumberland, East-Angles, East-Saxons, South-Saxons.  and then your Country was the chief of that Kingdom called Anglia Orientalis, and these are the nearest of all the seven to you in name, Nou-angles, East-angles; I pray that you would be nearest and most helpful to them in this most Christian and Gospel-like design, which I leave with you, and two or three Petitions at the throne of grace for you; one is that of Moses, Ye shall not do after all the 
Deut. 12 8.  things that we do hear this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes, but that ye walk by rule and not by example; this is an age much inclining to Enthousiasmes and Revelations; men pretend to external and inward impulses, but we must remember, though we had a voice from heaven, yet having the Scriptures we have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a more sure Prophetical word, whereunto ye do 
2 Pet. 1. 19  well that ye take heed, as unto a light, that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts; here is a comparison, even with an heavenly voice, which must veil and submit to the written word, because poor mankind may easily be deluded by him, who among his many other wiles and depths can transform himself into an Angel of light. Again, 
2. Cor▪ 11. 14.  my prayer for you is, that in the woeful concussions and commotions of these days, yourselves may stand firm and unmoveable: You have seen the waters troubled, and the Mountains shaken with the swelling thereof, 
Psal. 46. 3.  Oh, that you may say, in and with holy David's sense, though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear, though war should rise up against me, in this will I be confident; this? 
Psal. 27. 3.  and what is it, but ver. 1. The Lord is my light and my salvation, whom shall I fear, the Lord is the strength of my life, of whom shall I be afraid; even heathens have said much and done much towards that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, magnanimity and patience, but Christians have an higher prospect, they look above the terrors of men, and they do not fear their fear; for as Stephen through 
Esa. 8. 12.  a shower of stones, they can see the heavens open 
Act. 7. 56.  and the Son of man sitting at the right hand of God; nihil erus sentit in nervo, si animus sit in 
Tertull.  caelo, they are not so much affected with what they feel, as with that they believe, because 
2 Cor. 5. 7.  we walk by faith and not by fight.  
And oh, that these strange mutations may persuade us all, all the days of our appointed 
Job. 14. 14.  time to wait, until our change come, even that change which never, never can again be changed; these are the last times and yet a little 
1 Joh. 2. 18. Heb. 10. 37.  while, yea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, yet a little, little while, and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry, his fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather the wheat▪ into the garner, but 
Mat. 3. 12.  will burn up the chaff with▪ unquenchable fire. The 
Psal. 1. 5.  ungodly shall not stand in the judgement, for all faces shall then be unmasked, and every vizard shall be plucked off, The Lord will then 
1 Cor. 4. 5.  bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the heart, and then every one that hath done well, shall have praise of God. The Lord God of our mercies 
2 Thes. a. 17. 3. 3.  fit you for his appointment, establish you in every good word and work, and keep you from evil, 
Heb. 13. 17.  that you may give up your account with joy, and not with grief; and now I commend you all, and 
2 Tim. 4. 8.  all that love that appearing of our Lord, unto the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them that 
Act. 20. 32.  are sanctified; such is the serious and unfeigned devotion for you, of him who willingly subscribes himself,  
Your most humble servant in our dearest Lord, THO: THOROWGOOD.   

The Preface to the READER.  
BOna domus in ipso veistbulo debet agnosci saith 
De Doct. Chr. l. 4.  Austin, the portal commonly promiseth somewhat of the house itself, and prefaces be as doors that let in the Reader to the Book, and bespeak much of the intention of the writer; you are in some measure prepared already by the foregoing Epistle, with the forefront, and first page: Marsilius Ficinus said of his book De triplici Vita▪ Esca tituli tam suavis 
Longa, San●…, Caelet us, Apolog. ad finem.  quam plurimos alliciet ad gustandum, The title will invite some to further enquiry; it is in man's nature to be well pleased with novelties, thence later times have had good leave to correct former mistakes. It was written with confidence long since, that the she Bears did lick their inform litter into fashion, that the young Viper thrusts its Dam out of the world to bring itself into 
Oblect. Acad. c. 21. Pseud. Epidem.  it, and that the Swan sings its own dirige at his dying, all which be sufficiently confuted by after experiences, famous varieties of this sort be daily produced to view, those are curious inquiries into common errors by Doctor Browne. It was said of one contort in body, but of a fine spirit, Animus Galbae malè habitat, It was a bad house for so good an Inhabitant; many thought so and worse of Richard the third, King of England, till 
Mr Bucks Hist.  those late endeavours to rectify him and his readers. that Geographia Sacra is an exact and accurate work, in respect of the subject and materials, the scattering of Nations at the building of Babel, and it may puzzle some men's thoughts, that he should know so well the places of their dispersion so long since, and yet we continue ignorant what is become of Gods own first people, which shall be recovered to him again, and have not been missing so many years. The Trojans, though now no Nation, live yet in the ambitious desire of other people, claiming from them their descent: The jews, once the Lords own peculiar 
Hist. Rom. Tacitus. Idcos ab Ida. l. 5. Plut. Symp. c. ●…. Suid as in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  people, are now the scum and scorn of the world▪ Florus calls their glory the Temple, Impiae gentis arcanum; Democritus another Historian said they worshipped an Ass' head, every third year sacrificed a man, etc. Others speak spiteful things of them, and their pe●…tigree; only the Lacedaemonian King, in that Letter whereof you have a copy, 1 Macab. 12. 20. etc. tells Onias the High Priest. It is found in writing that the Spartaens and jews are Brethren, and come out of the generation of Abraham. The original indeed of the jews is assuredly known to themselves and all Christians; We have no such evidence for any other people that have now a being; there is nothing more in the dark to the inhabitants of the several parts of this earth, than their own beginnings, and 'tis thus in Countries of along time known to each other, and yet in such disquisition they cannot afford one another almost any light or help; no wonder therefore that the Original of the Americans is in such uncertain obscurity, for their very name hath not been heard of much more than one hundred and fifty years, 'tis a wonder rather that so great a part of the world should be till then Terra incognita, not withstanding the ambition, curiosity, and avarice of mankind carried him into a greedy inquisition after all places and corners where men and beasts abode, or any commodity was to be found: Hieronimus Benzo in his Nova novi orbis Historia, so often hereafter mentioned, professeth, that above all things concerning the Americans, his great design was to find out what thoughts 
l. 2. c. 18. p. 248.  they had of Christians; touching the Country itself in the Topography 
Io▪ de La●…t desc●…iptio Americ. dedic. Carolo R. Britan.  and other particulars, besides divers mentioned in the following discourse; some have of late done excellently that way: that 'tis no part of my business, which, next to the desire of their conversion to Christ, was, and is, to ask whence they came; and 
Mr. castle, Mr. Cage, etc.  that they be judaical, I have laid together several conjectures as they occurred in reading and observing, to stir up and awaken more able inquisitors, to look after the beginning, nature, civilising, and Gospellizing those people, and to cast in my poor mite towards the encouragement of our Countrymen in such their pious undertaking; and though some men have spoken mean things of them in reference to their labours that way, as if they had been negligent therein, such men consider not I fear, how long their Countrymen have been wrestling with divers difficulties, and busily employing their minds and time in providing outward accommodations for themselves in a strange land, they remember not the natural perverseness of all mankind to spiritual things, nor with what counterworkes Satan doth oppose the underminers of his Principalities, nor how he hath broken the language of the Natives into several tongues and dialects to impede their conversion, nor how the Novangles have themselves been broken into divers ruptures, lest they should be at leisure to further the enlargement of Christ's Kingdom upon the spoils and dimination of his; this was in the purpose of their hearts at first, and now to their comfort they do abundantly see that the Natives are a docible people, who for their contempt of gold & silver, and for some other reasons, have been deemed brutish, and almost irrational; but to what is after written it may be mentioned in this place, that in Mexico they were observed to be wise and politic in 
Id. p. 37.  government, to the admiration of Christians, yea they were not ignorant in those parts of letters and writing, though in a different fashion from others: Acosta did observe, the jews write from the right hand to the left, others from the left to the right, the Chinois 
l 6. c. 9  or East-Indians write from the top to the bottom, & the Mexicans from the bottom to the top, the Reformed Dominican in his new 
Mr Gage. p. 18●…  survey of the West-Indies, tells of a Town as he traveled, called Amat Titlan, a Town of Letters, and of very curious Artifices of 
p. 50. etc.  their Citizens, of Goldsmith's work and otherwise, their ingenuity, cunning and courage is marvellously manifest in their leading 
Accost. l. 3. c. 15.  a Whale as big as a mountain, with a cord, and vanquishing him in this manner; by the help of their Canoes or little Boats, they come near to the broad side of that huge creature, ●…and with great dexterity leap upon his neck, there they ride as on horseback, and thrust a sharp stake into his nostril, so they call the hole or vent by which they breathe, he beats it in with another stake as forcibly as he can, the furious Whale in the mean time raiseth Mountains of waters, and runs into the deep with great violence and pain, the Indian still sits firm, driving in another stake in o that other passage, so stopping his breath, than he goes again to his Canoe, which with a cord he had tied to the Whale's side, and so he passeth to land; the Whale running away with the cord, leaps from place to place in much pain till he gets to shore, and being on ground, he cannot move his huge body, than a great number of Indians come to the conqueror, they kill the Whale, cut his flesh in pieces, they dry it▪ and make use of it for food, which lasts them long, thus plainly verifying that expression, Psal. 74. 14. Thou breakest the heads of Leviathan in pieces, and gavest him to be meat to the people inhabiting the Wilderness: When, or where, or by whom is this thus done, but by these? who will not now desire, and willingly lend his help to cover their naked bodies, and clothe their more naked souls with the Gospel, who, and who alone have so literally fulfilled that Scripture of our God? But let me commend three other things to thy consideration, that thy affections may be warmed towards thy Countrymen, and they receive encouragement in the planting of themselves, and the Gospel among the Natives.  
First, they may be preparing an hiding place for thyself, whoover, whatever now thou art, thou mayst be overtaken by a tempest, and stand in need of a shelter, and where canst thou be 
Gage survey. p. ●…5. 1, 5. 139.  better for sweetness of air and water, with the fertility of the soil, giving two wheat harvests in one year in several places, yea in some, three, saith P. Martyr, and Books generally speak of that 
P. 153. ●…46.  Land as of a second Canaan: and for New-England you may believe the relation of a very friend there to his like here, who mutually agreed upon a private character, that the truth might be discovered without deceit or glozing, and thus he wrote to him whom he entirely loved. The air of this Country is very 
Letter of A. C. 1635.  sweet and healthful, the days two hours shorter in Summer, and two hours longer in Winter than they be with you, the Summer is a little hotter, and the Winter, a little colder, our grounds are very good and fruitful for all kind of corn, both English and Indian, our cattle thrive much better here then in Old England, Fowl increase with us exceedingly, we have many sweet and excellent springs▪ and fresh Rivers, with abundance of good Fish in them; of a very truth, I▪ believe verily, it will be within a few years the plentifullest place in the whole world, etc. I might proclaim, saith Lerius, the Inhabitants of that Land happy, meaning 
p. 168.  the Natives, if they had knowledge of the Creator; so that as parents intending to marry their Daughters well, extend themselves in what they may to increase their portion, and make way for their preferment, our heavenly Father hath dealt thus with these Americans, enriching them with Gold, Silver, good air, good water, and all other accommodations for use and delight, that they might be the more earnestly wooed and sought after.  
And yet further, as he commended his house offered to sale, that 
Plutar. Themist  it had good neighbours, if thou be'st driven thither, go cheerfully, for thou goest to thine own Countrymen, from one England to another, New England indeed, witness that experimented asseveration of him worthy of credit, who having lived in a Colony there of many thousand English almost twelve years, 
Sim. C. p. 61.  and was held a very sociable man, speaketh considerately, I never heard but one oath sworn, never saw one man drunk, nor ever heard of three women adulteresses, if these sins be among us privily, the Lord heal us, I would not be understood to boast of our innocency, there is no cause I should, our hearts may be bad enough, and our lives much better. And yet they have more abundantly testified their pious integrity in serious endeavours to propagate gospel-holiness, even to those that be without, their godly labours Christianizing the Natives must be remembered to their praise, they have had long and longing preparative thoughts and purposes that way, and as Saint Paul once to his Corinthians, 2. 6. 11. they have seemed to say O Americans, our mouth is opened unto you, our heart is enlarged, you are not straightened in us, be not straightened in your own bowels, and now for a recompense of all our endeavours to preach Christ unto you, we ask no more, but be ye also enlarged with gladness to receive the Lord jesus Christ: their active industry in this kind with the success is now famously visible in several discourses, which whosoever shall read will be sufficiently contented in his spiritual and outward well-wishings to his friends, both of this Nation and the Natives, for the Gospel runs there and is glorified: and here I crave leave to speak a word or two to the Military Reader, the 
Mr. Gage.  late English American traveller, dedicating his observations upon his journeys of three thousand three hundred miles within the main Land of America, to the Lord Fairefax, speaks knowingly to his Excellency, that with the same pains and charge that the English have been at in planting one of the petty Islands, they might have conquered so many great Cities, and large territories on the Continent as might very well merit the title of a Kingdom; he shows further, that the Natives have not only just right to the Land, and may transfer it to whom they please, but that 
Mr Gage pref. & p. 139, & 10  it may easily be won from the Spaniards, and that for these three reasons among the rest. 1. The Spaniards themselves are but few and thin. 2. The Indians and Blackamoor's will turn against them, and so will 3. The Criolians, that is, the Spaniards borne in America, whom they will not suffer to boar office in Church or state; Look Westward then ye men of War, thence you may behold a rising Sun of glory, with riches and much honour, and not only for yourselves, but for Christ, whom you say you desire above all, and are delighted to honour: In youder Countries, that the following leaves speak of, non cedunt arma togae, the pen yields to the pike, the first place of honour is given to the profession of arms, and therefore in Mexico the Noblemen 
Acosta. Hist. l. 6. c. 26.  were the chief soldiers; thus you may enlarge not only your own renown, but the borders of the Nation, yea the Kingdom of the King of Saints. We have all made covenants and professions of reformation at home, with promises to propagate the Gospel of our dear Lord among those that remain in great and miserable blindness, how happy were it for them and us, if this England were in such a posture of holiness and tranquillity, that all opportunities might be embraced to advance its territories abroad; In the interim I could wish with the most passionate, and compassionate of all the holy Prophets, Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep day and night for the sins, and for the slain of the daughter of my people, Oh that I had in the wilderness, etc. jer. 9 1. 2. Our Country is justly called our mother, whose heavy gr●…anes under multiplied miseries be heard from all places, whose bowels do not sympathizes with her, and yearn over her, who is not unwilling or ashamed to gather riches or honour from her rents and ruin; the Heathen Orator spoke affectionately, our parents are 
Cic. de Offic.  dear to us, and so be our children, alliances and familiars, but the love of our country, comprehends in it and with it all other dearnesses whatsoever; and in another place, Omnes qui patriam conserverunt, 
Somn. Scip.  adjuverunt, auxerunt, certum est esse in caelo, 'tis certain they are all in heaven that have been lovers and conservators of their Country; and when heathenish Babylon was the place of Israel's exile, they are commanded by God himself, to seek the peace of the City whether they were carried, and pray unto the Lord for it, jer. 29. 7. It is recorded to the honour of Mordecai, that he sought the wealth of his people, Esth. 10. 3. the contrary to this entails ignominy to men and their posterity, by the book of Gods own heraldry, Esa. 14. 20. Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast destroyed thy land, and slain thy people, the seed of evil doers shall never be renowned; for that judge judged righteously: In a civil war there is no 
Sir Io. Dodt. Hist of Princi: of Wales. p. 23.  true victory, in as much as he that prevaileth is also a loser. But I return, and reinvite to peruse these probabilities, and if they like not, because they are no more but guesses and conjectures, yet the requests I hope shall be listened unto, for they aim at God's glory and man's salvation, and nothing else; and surely the poor Natives will not be a little encouraged to look after the glorious Gospel of Christ, when they shall understand that not only the English among them, but we all here are daily suitors for them at the throne of grace, so that we may say as Paul to the Romans, 1. 9 God is our witness, whom we serve with our spirit in the Gospel of his Son, that without ceasing we make mention of them always in our prayers; Mr. eliot whose praise is now through all our Churches, 2 Cor. 8. 18. deserves public encouragement from hence, besides those sprinklings of an Apostal●…eall spirit received from heaven, by which in an high and holy ambition he preacheth the Gospel where Christ had not been named. Rom. 15. 20. such another 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, likeminded soule-lover is not readily to be found, that naturally careth for their matters, Phil. 2. ●…0. regarding the Indians as if they were his own charge and children, and as God hath furnished him with ministerial and spiritual abilities for the work. I wish that he and his compresbyters and companions in that labour, might be supplied with all external accommodations, to further the civilising, and Gospellizing of the Americans.  
And now me thinks I hear thee say also, Oh that the day-breaking of the Gospel there, might be the way of Saints, even the path of the just, as the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day, Pro. 4. 18. and oh that all our Nation here and there, would forbear all other strive, being ashamed and afraid lest their woeful quarrels be told in Gath, and published in the streets of Askalon, to the prejudice of the Gospel's progress here and there and every where; Erasmus felt 
Ep. p. 819.  what he said of the differences in his time, Tragaediae Lutheranae mihi ipsi etiam calculo molestiores, and who laments not the woeful tearings of our Nation? who bewails not to see the break of the sheepfold? who mourns not to hear the strange bleeting of the flocks? and what soul is not grieved for the great divisions of England? and let me wish once more, Oh that all who love the Lord Jesus in sincerity, would study to speak the same things, and that all would be perfectly joined together in the same mind, and in the same judgement, 1 Cor. 1. 10. converting all their tongue-combats, and pen-contentions into an earnest contending, that the faith once delivered to the Saints (jud. 3.) might be preserved whole▪ holy, and entire▪ among themselves, and be with like holiness and integrity communicated to the Indians, that do now so much hunger and thirst after that righteousness of our most dear Lord and Master Christ; let us all with our tongues, purses, pens, counsels, and prayers, promote this work of God with one shoulder and consent: there be among us here that have had this in their daily devotions more than twenty years, which is mentioned to no other end but from desire to call in thy help also; I will take leave by comm●…nding to thy practice the imitation of learned and holy Theod. Beza in his daily prayer for the jews, Lord jesus thou 
In Rom. 11. 18.  dost justly avenge the contempt of thyself, and that ingrateful people is worthy of thy most severe indignation; but, Lord, remember thy covenant, and for thy name's sake ●…e favourable to those miserable wretches, and to us the most unworthy of all men, unto whom thou hast vouchsafed thy mercy, bestow this goodness also, that we may grow in thy grace, that we be not instruments of thy wrath against them, but rather, both by the knowledge of thy word, and by the examples of holy life, we may, by the assistance and virtue of thy holy Spirit, reduce them into the right way, that thou mayst once be glorified of all Nations and people for ever,  
Amen.   

JEWES' IN AMERICA, OR Probabilities that the Americans be jews: From  

Part. 1.  
General Introduction. Chap. 1.  

Six several conjectures.  
1. Conjecture. Their own acknowledgement. Ch. 2.  
2. Rites and customs in both alike, Common ceremonies such, Chap. 3. and solemn. Ch. 4.  
3. Their words and manner of speech, as the jews. Chap. 5.  
4. Their man-devouring. Ch. 6.  
5. They have not yet been Gospellized. Ch. 7.  
6. Their calamities, as 28. Deut. Ch. 8.    

Part 2.  

Some contrary reasonings removed.  
1. In the General. Ch. 1.  
2. Particularly, How, 

1. The Jews should get into America. Chap. 1.  
2. So few empeople that great part of the world. Ch. 3.  
3. Become so prodigiously barbarous. Chap. 4.      

Part. 3.  

Earnest desires for hearty endeavours to make them Christian.  
1. To the Planters. 

1. 'Cause of their removal. Chap. 1.  
2. Hope of the Natives Conversion. Chap. 2.  
3. Directions to it. Chap. 3.  
4. Cautions about it. Chap. 4.    
2. To the English there. 

1. In behalf of the Planters, aspersions wiped off. Chap. 5. & 6.  
2. Towards the Natives conversion. 

1. Motives. Chap. 7.  
2. Help●…. Chap. 8.  
3. Encouragements from our Countrymens' ploughs endeavours there. Ch. 9  
4. And the success●… thereof upon the Indians. Ch. 10.         

An epistolical Discourse Of Mr. JOHN DURY, TO Mr. THOROWGOOD.  
Concerning his conjecture that the Americans are descended from the Israelites.  
With the History of a Portugal jew, Antony Monterinos', attested by Manasseh Ben Israel, to the same effect.  
SIR,  
I Am bound to thank you for the communication of your book, which I have read with a great deal of delight and satisfaction; for the rarity of the subject, and the variety of your observations thereupon, which you have deduced with as much probability to make out your theme, as History can afford matter: I did show it to another friend of great judgement and ingenuity, who was so taken with it, that he said he would have it to be copied out at his cost, if you would not publish it to the world, which he and I have resolved to imp●…rtune you to do: for although at first blush, the thing which you offer to be believed, will seem to most men incredible, and extravigant; yet when all things are laid rationally and without prejudice together, there will be nothing of improbability found therein, which will not be swallowed up with the appearance of contrary likelihoods, of things possible and la●…ely attested by some to be truths: whereof to confirm your probable conjectures, I shall give you that information which is come to my hands at several times in these late years, which you, (if you shall think fit) may publish to the world, as I have received them▪ which to the probability of your conjectures add so much light, that if the things which I shall relate be not mere fictions (which I assure you are none of mine, for you shall have them without any addition, as I have received them) none can make any further scruple of the truth of your assertion; but before I come to particulars, I shall tell you of some thoughts which are come upon this occasion into my mind, concerning God's way of dealing with men's spirits for the manifestation of his truth and wisdom to those that seek after it; and concerning the wonderful contrivances by which he brings his counsel to pass beyond all men's thoughts: I have observed▪ and every one that will take notice must needs perceive, that the spirits of men in reference to spiritual matters, whether divine or humane (by humane, I mean all matters of science and industry depending upon judgement and sagacity) are distinguishable into two kinds, the one are steadfast to some principles, and the other are unstable; this distinction in divine matters is clear, from 2 Pet. 3. 17. jude, ver. 3, 4, 6, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21. and in humane matters we need none other proof but daily experience. Again, these that are steadfast to their principles, will be found of two sorts; some are led in an ordinary common way and rest therein, admitting of nothing further than what they have attained unto; some (though they do not undervalue the ordinary ways which in their own kinds are useful and necessary, yet they) aspire to something more than ordinary and rest not where they are, they believe that both in humane and divine matters, there is, as long as we are in this life, a plus ultra, and that we never ought to rest in seeking after the advancement of learning and the increase of knowledge, till we shall come to see the Father of lights face ro face; the different inclinations of these three sorts of men in the world, leading them to different courses and strains in their proceedings, and these begetting divers encounters amongst them wherein they disagree, and know not how to right matters towards one another for mutual content and edification, are the causes of all our strife and confusion in all affairs, as well of Religious as of civil concernment; nor is it possible to be free from the disorders and distempers, which make the life of mankind uncomfortable in this kind, and full of vexation, till God hath removed those that fall away from their own steadfastness out of the earth, which will not come to pass till he hath filled the earth with the knowledge of 
Esa. 11. 9  the Lord as the waters cover the sea; till he hath brought us all that are steadfast unto true principles, and that walk by rules, unto the unity of the faith and knowledge of the son of God, unto 
Eph. 4 13.  a perfect man unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ: which things because they are clearly promised, we may expect shall come to pass, but till then we shall be carried 
Eph. 4. 14.  differently about with several winds of doctrine, and ensnared in our own ignorance by the cunning craftiness of men who lie in wait to deceive; for the unstable are either wickedly set to work changes upon those that are settled for ends of their own, or weakly carried up and down through the uncertain apprehensions of things differently represented unto them, sometimes one way and sometimes another; so that between the motions of men's spirits subtly unstable tending to unsettle others, and weakly stable susceptible of any unsettlement from others, all our changes and disorderly carriages, both in divine and humane affairs do arise; when either those that have no principles of truth to walk by, study lies to puzzle those that pretend to walk by rules, or those that have true principles vary from one another in their degrees of understanding, and in their manner of applying the same to advance knowledge, and to make discoveries of God's manifestation of himself; for as these motions meet with one another in opposite courses, and men led thereby, stand by one another in disproportionat frames, or justle one another out of their places for contrary ends; so all our confusions and revolutions of Churches, and States, and therein of scientifical strains, and of practical undertake, arise differently in the world: here than is a threefold diversity in acting, the changeable and movable disposition of the one sort, is made to try the stability of the other two, and those that are settled in an ordinary way, are tryers to those that are led forth to something that is extraordinary; and those that upon allowed principles do rationally bring forth something more than ordinary, try the ingenuity of the other two, how far they love truth for itself; So that each of these puts his neighbour to the trial of his property, and constrains him to manifest the nature of his way, how far it is, or is not from God: And although every thing which is beyond the ordinary strain, is liable to be censured and contradicted by men of ordinary apprehensions. who condemn for the most part as extravagant and ridiculous whatsoever is not level with their capacities; yet I am inclined to believe, that there is always something of God in all men, that are led forth by extraordinary motions, namely when their spirits do not reject the common true principles, and yet are raised above them, to apprehend conclusions and inferences which are not common; and when their affections are regularly constant to their works, and their undertake pursued with sobriety in the fear of God, than I conceive that God hath put upon them a special stamp and character of his virtue, by which he doth fit them for some design and service whereunto he hath raised them. I have observed this in very many men of public spirits, most commonly they have been laughed at by others for going out of the common roadway of acting; whether to make good some opinions, which others never dreamt of, or to do some business which others have thought impossibilities to be effected; (I say) I have observed, that when they have been led forth with modesty, without self conceitedness and vanity, and when they have prosecuted their enterprises with remarkable perseverance, that God hath made them one way or other remarkably instrumental and useful towards their generation for the advancement of his work, which is the reformation of this world, and the restauration of all things by the kingdom of jesus Christ, whereunto all extraordinary gifts, and the unusual leadings forth of men's spirits are preparatives. I could instance in several men which I have known, and do know abroad and at home, of several professions, whose studies and endeavours have been looked upon as whimsies and extravagancies by the road-way-men of that profession; and yet I am persuaded that they are led and acted by that Spirit which leadeth the children of God in all truth; and because other men otherwise rational and observant, (who though not altogether destitute of the spirit, yet are not raised above the ordinary pitch) do not know the drift of the spirit of these; therefore these are looked upon by them as men of odd conceits: I have seen some of the great Rabbis of our times, heretofore much scandalised at the proposals and undertake of Mr Comenius; but it hath pleased God to assist him so with grace, and support him with constancy in his way, notwithstanding many trials and temptations; that he hath been able during his own life, to see the usefulness of some of his endeavours, whereof a more full account will be given to the world very shortly. I could speak of others, whose attempts, though not so apparently successful during their life, yet no less useful in their kind, and which in due time, will prove the grounds of great advantages and discoveries unto posterity, although in the generation where their lot is fallen to live, they have not been believed nor received. God's way to dispense grace is not according to outward appearances, and for this cause, the multitude doth not entertain the instruments thereof with due esteem, nor the means by which it is offered to the world with respect, because they come in a homely dress, and without the affectation of any show; nevertheless wisdom at all times is justified by her children, and there take notice of her paths, and trace the counsel of God therein, for they can see that God's ways and counsels reach from end to end, and that he comprehends in his aim both that which is past, and that which is present, and that which is to come in future ages; so that in the conclusion of all, he will make it appear, that the unusual motions of his servants, which the world have disesteemed and counted foolishness, have been the extraordinary work of his Spirit in them, whereby he doth convince the world of sin, of righteousness, of judgement: of sin, because the testimony which they bore to the truth was not received; of righteousness, because they who served their generation faithfully with the righteous use of their talon in the midst of scorners, are justly taken away from an unthankful generation and the evil day, to rest from their labours, that their works may follow them; and of judgement, because the self conceited pride and partiality of the wise and prudent of this world, shall be judged and condemned by the work of his spirit, when he shall bring all the effects thereof together to make out his complete design against the world, and by the conjunction of the seemingly scattered parts which his servants have acted upon their stages, produce the new frame of a perfect Scene, the catastrophe whereof shall make up a building fit for the kingdom of his Son.  
I am fallen upon these thoughts, and acquaint you thus with them, partly to support mine own spirit against the contradictions which I meet withal in the way wherein God hath set me, for the constant prosecution of peace and truth without partiality amongst my brethren; partly to apologise for the drift of your spirit, whereby I perceive you have been led these many years in some of your studies; for it is very evident to me, that you have sought after a matter, which to most men will seem incredible, ridiculous and extravagant; and to tell you the truth, before I had read your discourse and seriously weighed matters, when I thought upon your theme, that the Americans should be of the seed of Israel, it seemed to me some what strange and unlikely to have any truth in it; but afterward when I had weighed your deduction of the matter, and looked seriously upon God's hand in bringing into those parts of the World where the Americans are, so many religious professors, zealous for the advancement of his glory, and who are possessed with a belief from the Scriptures, that all the Tribes of Israel shall be called to the knowledge of Jesus Christ, before the the end of the world: and when I had recollected and laid together some other scattered and confused thoughts which at several times I have received, partly from the places of Scripture, which foretell the calling of the Jews, and their restitution to their own land, together with the bringing back of the ten Tribes from all the ends and corners of the earth, partly from some relations which I had heard a few years ago concerning the ten Tribes, which the Jews here in Europe had given out; and partly from the observations of God's way, which he seems to make by all these changes▪ and the dissolution of the States and Empires of the world, towards some great work, and extraordinary revolution which may shortly come to pass: all which things when I had called to mind and represented unto myself, I was so far from derogating any thing from that which you have conjectured concerning the American Indians; that I began to stand amazed at the appearances of the probabilities which so many ways offered themselves unto me, to make out and confirm the effect of that which you have said: And then I begun also upon another account, to wonder at the strangeness of God's conduct over your spirit, that he should have set you a work twelve or more years ago, after the search of such a matter, by historical observations, whereof then so few, and almost no footsteps at all were extant to be traced, and whereof now, of a sudden, the world is like to be filled with such evidences, that it will be an astonishment to all that shall hear of it, and lay it to heart; and that all who have any ingenuity will be constrained to confess, that indeed there is a God who ruleth in the earth, and that he hath ordered the affairs of the Nations by an universal providence, to bring to pass his own counsels, and that the things which he hath revealed by his word, should in the latter times be accomplished; for to my apprehension, this will be the great benefit of these discoveries; namely, that the mouths of Atheists will be stopped, and convicted of irrationality and foolishness: For when it shall appear to all men undeniably, that the transmigration of Nations, and the affairs of this world, have not been carried hitherto by mere chance, or by the craftiness of humane counsels, or by force; but by the wisdom of a Supreme conduct, who hath ordered all things from the beginning towards an end which hath been foreknown, and to a design foretold. (I say) when this shall appear, and that in the midst of all these changes and confusions, there is a conduct overruling the force of man, and disappointing the counsels of the crafty; then the eyes of all men will be upon the Lord, and God alone will be exalted in righteousness, and the Holy one of Israel in judgement: For seeing it is evident that the ten Tribes of Israel have been as it were lost in the world near about the space of two thuusand years, if now they should again appear upon the stage, first as it were in another world by themselves, and then afterward speedily come from thence hither to the land of their ancient inheritance, where they shall be joined to their brethren the Jews (which is clearly foretold by the Prophets shall come to pass) if (I say) those things should now begin to come to pass, 
Isa. 2. Ezec. 34 & 37. Jer. 3c. & 46. Amos. 9 Micha. 4. etc.  what can all the world say otherwise, but that the Lords counsel doth stand, and that he hath fulfilled the words spoken by his Servants the Prophets concerning Israel; that although all the sinful kingdoms of the Nations shall be destroyed from off the face of the earth, yet that the house of jacob shall not be utterly destroyed, but shall be corrected in measure, for lo I will command (saith God by the Prophet) and I will sift the house 
Jer. 30. 10, 11. Amos▪ 9 8, 9  of Israel among all Nations, like as corn is sifted in the sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth. These Prophecies must needs be fulfilled, if there be a God in heaven who hath foretold them, and when he shall make this his word good unto Israel, he will thereby make it undeniably apparent, that it was he himself and none other who did foretell it: and that it is also none but he who brings the work about beyond all humane appearances, according as he did foretell it: and by all this he will show to all the world, that which he ofttimes repeats by the Prophet Isaiah, that he alone is the Saviour, and that there is none besides him, Isa. 45. 5, 6, 15. till the end. The destruction then of the spiritual Babylon by the restauration of Israel, shall make out this to all the earth, that God alone is the Lord over all, and the Saviour of the people that put their trust in his name.  
Now the appearances which offer themselves unto me, that these Prophecies are towards their accomplishment, are many, which now I shall not insist upon, (perhaps God will direct me to declare them in due season more fully than now I can intend) but I shall only mention that which I find to be a confirmation of your conjecture, leaving it to your own discretion, what use you will make of it.  
First then I shall impart unto you some stories which I heard five or six years ago, when I was in the Low Countries, concerning the ten Tribes; and then I shall add some information concerning the state of the jews in our European and Asiaatique worlds, which I have learned at other times by some providences which God hath offered unto me; and upon the whole matter I shall leave you to your further conjectures, by that which I shall guess at.  
The first story which I heard was at the Hague, a person of chief quality about the Queen of Bohemia, and one of her Counsel, and a discerning godly man, and my special friend told me, that the Jew (a Jeweller residing ordinarily at the Hague) whom I knew, had been there at Court, and with great joy had told, that they of his Nation had received from Constantinople Letters, bringing to them glad tidings of two special matters fallen out there; the one was, that the Grand Signior had remitted the great taxes which formerly had been laid upon the Jews of those parts, so that now they were in a manner free from all burdens, paying but a small and inconsiderable matter to that Empire; the other was, that a messenger was come unto the Jews who reside near about the Holy Land, from the ten Tribes, to make enquiry concerning the state of the Land; and what was become of the two Tribes and the half which was left in it; when they were transported from thence by Salmanasser. This Messenger was described to be a grave man, having some attendance in good equipage about him. He told them that the people from which he was sent were the Tribes of Israel, which in the days of Hosea the 
2 King. 17.  King, were carried captives out of their own Land by the King of Assyria, who transported them from Samaria into Assyria and the Cities of the Medes; but they being grieved for the tronsgressions which caused God to be angry with them, they took a resolution to separate themselves from all Idolaters, and so went from the Heathen where they were placed by Salmanassar, with a resolution to live by themselves, and observe the Commandments of God, which in the●… own Land they had not observed: in prosecuting this resolution, after a long journey of a year and six months, they came to a country wholly destitute of inhabitants, where now they have increased into a great Nation, and are to come from thence into their own Land by the direction of God; and to show them that he was a true Israelite, he had brought with him a Scroll of the Law of Moses, written according to their custom.  
The Gentleman who told me this story, as from the mouth of the Jew, said that it brought to his mind fully (by reason of the agreement of circumstances almost in all things) the story which is recorded in the Second Book of Esdras, which is called Apocrypha, Chap. 13. ver. 40. till 50. which will be found a truth if that Messenger came and made this Narrative. This was the first story; and not long after viz. Within the space of five or six months, a little before I came from the Low Countries, I was told of a Jew who came from America to Amsterdam, and brought to the Jews residing there, news concerning the ten Tribes; that he had been with them upon the border of their Land, and had conversed with some of them for a short space, and seen and heard remarkable things whiles he stayed with them, whereof then I could not learn the true particulars; but I heard that a Narrative was made in writing of that which he had related, which before I went from Holland last, I had no time to seek after, but since the reading of your Book, and some discourse I have had with you about these matters, I have procured it from the Low Countries, and received a Copy thereof in French, attested under Manasseh Ben Israel his hand, that it doth exactly agree with the original, as it was sent me, the translation thereof I have truly made without adding or taking away any thing; and because I was not satisfied in some things, and desired to know how far the whole matter was believed among the Jews at Amsterdam, I wrote to Manasseh Ben Israel, their chief Rabbi, about it, and his answer I have gotten in two Letters, telling me that by the occasion of the Questions which I proposed unto him concerning this adjoined Narrative 
This narrative so attested and translated, is at the end of this Book.  of Mr. Antony Monterinos', he to give me satisfaction, had written instead of a Letter, a Treatise, which he shortly would publish, and whereof I should receive so many Copies as I should desire: In his first Letter dated Novem. last, 25. he says that in his treatise he handles of the first inhabitants of America, which he believes were of the ten Tribes; moreover, that they are scattered also in other Countries, which he names, and that they keep their true Religion, as hoping to return again into the Holy land in due time.  
In his second Letter, dated the twenty three of December, he says more distinctly thus: I declare how that our Israelites were the first finders out of America; not regarding the opinions of other men, which I thought good to refute in few words only: and I think that the ten Tribes live not only there, but also in other lands scattered every where; these never did come back to the second Temple, and they keep till this day still the Jewish Religion, seeing all the Prophecies which speak of their bringing back unto their native Soil must be fulfilled: So then at their appointed time, all the Tribes shall meet from all the parts of the world into two provinces, namely Assyria and Egypt, nor shall their Kingdom be any more divided, but they shall have one Prince the Messiah the Son of David. I do also set forth the Inquisition of Spain, and rehearse divers of our Nation, and also of Christians, Martyrs, who in our times have suffered several sorts of torments, and then having showed with what great honours our Jews have been graced also by several Princes who profess Christianity. I prove at large, that the day of the promised Messiah unto us doth draw near, upon which occasion I explain many Prophecies, etc.  
By all which you see his full agreement with your conjecture concerning the Americans, that they are descended of the Hebrews: when his book comes to my hand, you shall have it God willing.  
In the mean time I shall add some of my conjectures concerning the Jews which live on this side of the world with us in Europe and Asia; these are of two sorts or Sects, the one is of Pharisees, the other of Caraits, the Pharisees in Europe and Asia are in number far beyond the Caraits, they differ from one another wheresoever they are, as Protestants do from Papists; for the Pharisees, as the Papists, attribute more to the Authority and traditions of their Rabbis and Fathers, then to the word of God; but the Caraits will receive nothing for a rule of faith and obedience but what is delivered from the word of God immediately: and their name imports their profession, that they are readers of the Text, or Textuaries, for so the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 you know when it relates to books and writings, is to be rendered. These two Sects are irreconcilably opposite to each other, and as the Papists deal with Protestants, so do the Pharisees with the Caraits, they persecute and suppress them and their profession by all the means they can possibly make use of: Nay as Mr Ritangle (of whom I have all the informations which I know concerning the Caraits) tells me, the hatred of the Pharisees is so fierce against their opposites the Caraits, that they have Anathematised them so; as never to be reconciled unto them; insomuch, that it is counted unlawful so much as to speak to any of them, or to any that belongeth unto them, but at the distance of four cubits at least; their Books and all things belonging to them, are avoided as things abominable and to be abhorred; nor will the Pharisees, although the Caraits should become penitent, and desire to be joined to their Congregations, and renounce their own way, admit of them as a Caraite reconciled unto them: but the Caraite must first become a Christian, a Mahometan, or an Idolater, before he can be admitted to join with them, that it may never be said that a Pharisee was reconciled to a Caraite, or that a Caraite is become a Pharisee. As their principles and affections are thus different, so are their opinions, and the course of their life extremely opposite; the Pharisees are full of superstitious imaginary foolish conceits, and thalmudicall questions and niceties in their Sermons and Books; the Caraits are rational men that take up no doctrines but what the Scriptures teach, by comparing one text with another: The Pharisees have wild and extravagant fancies concerning the Messiah and his reign; but the Caraits have true grounds of spiritual and raised thoughts concerning the Messiah and his Kingdom, little different from that which the better sort of Christians truly believe, and profess of these mysteries. The Pharisees in their Sermons insist upon nothing but their traditions and ceremonies, and foolish curiosities; but the Caraits insist only upon necessary and profitable duties, teaching the way of Godliness and honesty, to bring men from the outward form to the inward power and spiritual performance of divine worship.  
As concerning their course of life, the Pharisees live every where by a way of trading & usury, which is destructive to those with whom they have commerce; but the Caraits abhor that way, as pestilent unto humane societies, and betake themselves to trades, and manufactures, to become husbandmen, and servants in the places where they live, and to serve as Soldiers under the Magistrate, who doth protect them.  
This being the state and difference of these two Sects, (as he who in Asia and some part of Europe hath been above twenty years conversant with them, and a Doctor in their Synagogues, hath informed me) I shall acquaint you with my Conjectures concerning the event of our present troubles in the world over all, and the revolution of the Jewish state, which are these; that it is not unlikely to me that the issue and effect of these changes which now are wrought, and afoot to be wrought in the world, (wherein the highest powers are shaken, and a general distress is brought upon all the Nations of the earth) will be a breaking of the yokes of tyranny and oppression, under which not only the Jews every where groan, but with them most of the Gentiles, or rather all of them that are under an arbitrary power of absolute Potentates, and superstitious self-seeking teachers; that the breaking of these yokes is already a great way advanced. First, in the Eastern China Empire by the invasion of the Tartarians. Secondly, in the Northern and Eastern Mahometan Empire, by the changes brought upon, and likely to fall out in the Ottoman house and line; and by the liberty which of late hath been granted to the Jews, not only from taxes, but of repairing to jerusalem, and having Synagogues there, which heretofore was utterly prohibited. Thirdly, in the Western, which is called the Roman or Germane Empire, by these late troubles, and the assistance which the King of the North the Swede, hath given to Protestants to maintain their liberty: All the power of these yokes must yet further be broken in the Supreme and Subordinate Ministers thereof▪ in respect of the whole bodies of these Empires, and of the particular Kingdoms and States which resort under the same; for all Nations by the light of natural reason, but chiefly those, whom the Gospel hath enlightened, and prepared in a measure, to apprehend the hope of the glorious liberty of the Sons of God, will more and more every where resent their privilege and right to a freedom, from which they have been restrained, by the mystery of iniquity in spiritual and corporal matters; and when the grounds of righteous order, of impartial love to mankind, and of common preservation, shall break forth at last, and be taken notice of in the midst of these confusions and great troubles which fall upon all sorts of men; then the Jews will come and appear in their own rank, and for their own interest, they will by others be respected; for their interest will be upon the dissolution of the Mahometan, to resist and oppose the Spanish Monarchy, that it may not propagate itself Eastward, and Southward, beyond the Mediterranean Sea; and that the Inquisition by which they have been so cruelly persecuted, may be every where abolished; but above all things, kept out of the holy Land and their beloved City jerusalem: If then there should be any transactions (as it is said there is like to be) between the Ottoman house and the house of Spain about the Holy Land, the Jews who are now at some liberty there, and begin from all parts of the Earth to lift up their eyes to look thitherward, will quickly resent it, and find their interest to be the enjoyment of their own inheritance; and to help them to it, they will find assistance from all Christians that are not slaves to superstition and tyranny, and that assistance and favour which by such Christians will be given them, may in God's hand be a means to open the Pharisee his eyes, to see somewhat in Christianity, from which he hath been hitherto blinded, by reason of the prejudice which the Idolatry of the Papal Sea, and the Spanish Inquisition hath begotten in him. As for the Caraits, God hath so ordered it, that the greatest bodies of them are in the Northern parts of the World, by which the ten Tribes, if ever they come to the Holy Land, are like to come; there be some few in Russia, some in Constantinople, some in Alcair, some in Persia, and some in other places of Asia and of Africa; but Mr Ritangle told me that their chief body is amongst the Asiatic and European Tartarians, who now appear upon the stage as beginning to be conquerors. For besides that which they do fully possess in China, they have tasted somewhat of a victorious progress of late in Poland, and they are the next pretenders to the Ottoman Crown, if the line fail, which is like to be: their rising and dissipation abroad from their own centres to their circumferences towards neighbour Nations, will weaken them at home; and if then, when they are not strong within their own bounds, and by their invasions have weakened their neighbours Southward on; God call the ten Tribes to march toward the place of their inheritance: the Caraits their brethren will be leaders of them on their way, and so their march may be, as Manasseh Ben Israel saith, to make their Rendezvous in Assyria; and on the other side, the Jews that are Pharisees, may make their Rendezvous from Arabia and other neighbouring places, and out of all Europe into Egypt; that so when the Shunamite shall return (as it is said in the Canticles, chap. 6. ver. 13.) the world may look upon her, and may see in her the company of two Armies, which both shall look towards jerusalem. Then will the great battle of Harmageddon be fought, whereunto all these troubles and changes are but preparatives: then shall the sword of the Spirit, the word of God, prevail mightily over the spirits of all men; the two edges thereof on the right hand and on the left, will cut sharp, and pierce to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and to the discerning of the thoughts and intentions of the heart: and when this sword shall be thus powerful in the hands of his Saints, (the true Protestants with the one troop, and the true Caraits with the other) then shall be fulfilled the Prophecy of the Psalmist, that 
Psa. 149 7, 8, 9  vengeance shall be executed upon the Heathen, and punishments upon the people; that their Kings shall be bound with chains, and their Nobles with fetters of iron; and that the honour due to all Saints shall be given them, to be made executioners of the judgement written in the word of God against them. We know not how near these things are at hand, let us therefore be watchful, and put on the armour of light, to be ready, when the Bridegroom comes, to go with him in our wedding garment, having our lamps burning, and provision of oil, into the wedding chamber. And to this effect, the Lord teach us to be diligent, to be found of him in peace, without spot and blameless, that in the midst of these fightings and confusions, we may not be found as many are, smiting their fellow servants, eating and drinking largely of the spoil of those that are spoiled, and being drunken with the passions of malice, entertained for the revenge of injuries, or of covetousness and ambition, prosecuted for self-interests: and with this prayer I shall commend you to the grace of God, and rest,  
St james, this 27 jan. 1649. 50. Your faithful friend and fellow labourer in the Gospel of Christ. J. DURY.   

jews in America, OR, Probabilities that the Americans are Iewes.  

CHAP. I.  
IT hath been much, and many times, in several men's thoughts, what Genius devoted our Countrymen so willingly to forsake their Friends, and Nation, exposing themselves by voyages long and perilous to so many inconveniences, as are to be encountered with by Strangers in a foreign and unchristian land; some were hastened by their dislike of Church Government; other perhaps were in hope to enrich themselves by such Adventures; and 'tis like, divers of them did foresee those Epidemical Calamities, now for so many years oppressing this forlorn Nation, following thereupon Solomon's Counsel, A prudent man forseeth the evil, and hideth himself, etc. Prov. 22. 5. Or else those pious souls by a divine instinct, might happily be stirred up to despise all hazards, that the Natives for their temporal accommodations might be spiritually enriched by the English, and though this was little seen at first in the endeavours, at least the success of many gone thither, yet who can tell but supreme Providence might then dispose men's hearts that way, themselves not discerning that influence; even as Cyrus promoted the cause of the Jews, he knew not why, nor whence, Esa. 45. 4, 5. Upon confidence that the Gospel of Christ shall be revealed in the midst of that yet most Barbarous Nation, the next desire was, if possible, to learn the Original of the Americans, and by observations from Printed Books, and written Letters, and by Discourse with some that had traveled to, and abode in those parts several years, the probability of that opinion as yet praeponderates, that the Western Indians be of Jewish race. 
a Restitut. c. 2.  R. Verstegan proves the Saxons to be Germans, because their speech is alike, the names of persons and things sometimes agree, and the Idols of them both are not different; Bo●…ine 
b Met. Hist. c. 9  mentioneth 3. Arguments 
b Met. Hist. c. 9 , by which the beginnings of People are discoverable, the fair and true dealing of Historians, the comparing of Language, with the description of the Country, such helps have assisted also in this enquiry: Grotius 
c Dissertat. de Orig. Gent. Americ.  conceiveth these Americans to have come out of Europe, passing from Norway into Iseland, thence by Friesland into Greenland, and so into Estotiland, which is part of that Western Continent, he is induced to that opinion from the names and words of places and things in both sounding alike: but Io. de L●…et 
d N●…t. ad ista●… Dissert.  abundantly disproves this Conjecture, which yet the Governor of the Dutch Plantation 
e Key of the Language of Amer. Pref.  there told Mr. Williams was his judgement: Some others take them 
f Lerius Hist. Brasil. p. 231.  to be a remnant of those Canaanites that fled out of that Land when the fear of Israel approaching thither fell upon them, josh. 2. 9 Others think 
g Laet Descr. Americ. Mr. Gage.  it most probable, that they are Tartars, passing out of Asia into America by the straits of Anian. Emanuel de Moraes 
h apud Laet in Grot. Diss●…rtat. Part. 1. p. 216.  willingly believes them to be derived from the Carthaginians and Jews; from which latter that they be descended, these following Conjectures are propounded to Consideration.   

CHAP. II. The first Conjecture that the Americans are Iewes.  
THE Indians do themselves relate things of their Ancestors, 
a Pet. Mart. Decad. aliique.  suitable to what we read of the Jews in the Bible, and elsewhere, which they also mentioned to the Spaniards at their first access thither; and here the Speech of My●…silus 
b In Boros●…. l. 6.  occurred as observable: if we would know, saith he, the Antiquity and Original of a Nation, there is more credit to be given to the Natives and their Neighbours, than to strangers, and Caesar 
c In Bodin. Meth. p. 493.  concluded the Britons to be Gauls, because that was the affirmation of them both. P. Martyr 
d Ib. p. 353. Mort. N. Canaan. p. 49. Malv●…or d●… An●…. r●…. p. 155.  tells at large, how Muteczuma the great King of Mexico in an Oration made to his Nobles and People, persuading subjection to the King of Spain, minds his Countrymen, that they heard from their forefathers, how they were strangers in that land, and by a great Prince very long ago brought thither in a Fleet, They boast their Pedigree from men preserved in the Sea by God himself, that God made one man, and one woman, bidding them live together and multiply, and how in a Famine he reigned bread for them from Heaven, who in a time of drought also gave them Water out of a Rock: many other things, themselves say were done for them, such as the Scriptures relate concerning the Israelites at their coming out of Egypt, as, their Peregrination many ye●…res, the Oracles they received, their Ark of Bulrush, wherein Vitziliputzli was included, of the Tabernacle the Ark 
e Acosta. Hist. l. 7. c. 4.  carried by four Priests, and how they pitched their Tents according to its direction, and who seeth not saith Malvenda 
f Ubi supra.  much probability that the Mexicans are jews, how could they else report the manner of their coming into the promised Land; they affirm there is one chief God, who hath been from all eternity, by whom the lesser Gods were made, who became Assistants in the Fabric and Government of the World, as some of the 
g Aquin. in Gen. 1.  Rabbins also called the Angel's Con-Creators with God, to whom the Lord did say, Let us make man in our Image, etc. Gen. 1. 26. The Indians judge the Sun, Moon and Stars to be living creatures, a thing a so avowed in the Jewish Talmud 
h Arr. ag. Br. p. 343. , showing it to be a thing easy enough for the Heavens to declare the glory of God, Psalm 19 1. seeing they have understanding souls as well as men and Angels; they 
i Pet. Mart. p. 353.  say of themselves, that they be strangers, and came from another Country. Moraes 
k Laet. in Grot. p. 219.  before named doth not only aver that many learned men in Brasile take the Natives to be Jews, but that they themselves, taught by a most ancient Tradition, acknowledge their forefathers to be of that lineage; and Peter Martyr 
l ibid.  hath from them also such a kind of assertion: And now whereas some conceive the ten Tribes to be either shut up beyond the 
m Comestor Hist. p. 137. & 169.  Caspian Mountains, whence they could not get out, though they begged leave of Alexander the Great, yet the way was made miraculously unpassable against them, as the same Comester relateth: Others suppose 
n G. Sands. Trau. p. 146.  them to be utterly lost, and if once so, 'tis probable in the opinion of some that they are to be found in America; 
o Hist. l. 1. c. 29.  Acosta acknowledgeth this to be the judgemen●… of divers, to which he is not only adverse himself, but endeavours to answer their Arguments, as will be showed hereafter; to these conjectures of the Natives, let this Chapter be concluded with the judgements of two others, that have reason for what they say, the first is 
p Apud Io. de Laet. part. 1. p. 217.  Emanuel de Moraes, forespoken of, affirming those of Brasile to be Judaical: First, because those Brasilians marry into their own Tribe and Kindred. Secondly, Their Manner is also to call their Uncles and Ants, Fathers and Mothers. Thirdly, they are given much to mourning and tears in their Funeral solemnities: And last of all, they both have Garments much alike. The next is Master 
q Letter.  R. Williams, one of the first, if not the first of our Nation in New England that learned the Language, and so prepared towards the Conversion of the Natives, which purpose of his being known, he was desired to observe if he found any thing Judaical among them, etc. He kindly answers to those Letters from Salem in New England, 20th of the 10th month, more than ten years since, in haec verba. Three things make me yet suspect that the poor natives came from the southward, and are Jews or Jewish quodammod●…, and not from the Northern barbarous as some imagine. 1. Themselves constantly affirm that their Ancestors came from the south-west, and thither they all go dying. 2. They constantly and strictly separate their women in a little Wigwam by themselves in their feminine seasons. 3. And beside their God Kuttand to the south-west, they hold that Nanawitnawit (a God over head) made the Heavens and the Earth, and some taste of affinity with the Hebrew I have found.   

CHAP. III. Second Conjecture▪  
THe rites, fashions, ceremonies, and opinions of the Americans are in many things agreeable to the custom of the Jews, not only profane and common usages, but such as be called solemn and sacred.  
Common and profane Customs in both alike.  
1 The Indians 
a Acosta. l. 1. c. 23.  wear garments fashioned as the Jews, a single coat, a square little cloak, they go barefoot: if you should ask a man of Brasile what vestment would please him best, he would answer presently, 
b Lerius. Ubi supra.  a long cloak the habit of the Jews, and this may seem no light consideration to such as mind Seneca's 
c De cons●…at. ad Helvid. ●…. 8.  confidence, that the Spaniards planted themselves in Italy, for they have the same kind of covering on their heads, and shoes for their feet.  
2▪ They constantly 
d Mr Will. Key. preface.  anoint their heads, as did the Jews also, Luk. 7. 46.  
3. They do not only pride themselves with earrings 
e Benzo. p. ●…. & 50. Acosta. l. 7. c. 17.  but their noses are bored also, and have jewels hanging on them, which they call Caricori, like that is read, Esa. 3. 20, 21.  
4. In all India 
f Benzo. p. 193.  they wash themselves often, twice or thrice in the day, and the women in Brasile ten times saith Lerius 
g Id. p. 94. 107  and the Jews were frequent in this, Mar. 7. 3, 4. Io. 2. 6.  
5. They delight exceedingly in dancing, 
h Id. p. 107. 109  men and women, yea and women apart by themselves; and so they did in Israel. Exod. 13. 20. 1 Sam. 21. 11, 12. and thus especially after victories 
i Nova Francia. p. 221.  and overthrows, of enemies, which is found also, jud. 11. 34. jud. 21. 21. 23. & 1 Sam. 18. 6▪ 7.  
6. As the Jews were wont to call them fathers and mothers, that were not their natural parents, so 
k Io. de Laet. p. 217.  the Indians give the same appellation to Uncle and Aunts▪  
7. In America they eat no swine's flesh 
l Mr Will. Key▪ prospect of N. E▪ p. 95.  'tis hateful to them, as it was among the Jews, Levit. 11. 7. Esa. 66. 15.  
8. They wash 
m Benzo. p. 117 222. Lerius. p. 256. 258. Laet Descr. of America. p. 545.  strangers feet, and are very hospital to them, and this was the known commendation of old Israel.  
9 The Indians compute their times by nights 
n Lerius. p. 225 P. Mart. p. 314. 478  an use which Laet 
o Na●… in Gr●…. p. 37.  confesseth they had from the Hebrews; they reckon by lunary rules, giving the same name to their months they do to the Moon, To●…a.  
10. Virginity is not a state praiseworthy among the americans 
p Acosta. p. 570  and it was a bewaileable condition in jury, jud. 11. 37.  
11. The Natives 
q Id. p. 569. Laet. p. 317. and descrip. Amer. p. 470.  marry within their own kindred and family, this was Gods command to his people, Num. 36. 7.  
12. The Indian women 
r Capt. Smith. p. 31. Laet Descr. Amer. p. 479.  are easily delivered of their children, without Midwives, as those in Exod. 1. 19  
13. They wash their infants newly born 
s Lerius. p. 236.  and this you find also, E●…k. 16. 9  
14. In feminine seasons they put their women in a Wigwam by themselves, 
t Mr Will. Key pref. p. 7. &  for which they plead nature and tradition; another writes expressly such kind 
u Nova Fran. p. 236.  of purification they have as had the Jews.  
15. The widow marrieth 
w P. Mart. p. 5●….  the brother of the deceased Husband, which was also Moses law, Mat. 22. 24.  
16. Dowries for wives are given 
x Mr Will. Key.  by the Indians, as S●…l enjoined David, 1 Sam. 18. 25.  
17. The husband hath power 
y Lerius. p. ●…34 Acosta. l. 5. c. 27  over the adulterous wife, to turn her away with disgrace, they have also other causes of divorce, as was in Israel, Mat. 8. 19  
18. They nurse their own children, 
z Mr Will. Key. p. 46. Laet des. of Amer. p▪ 479.  even the Queens in Per●…, and so did the mothers in Israel.  
19 The husbands come not at their wives till their children be weaned, 
a Lerius p. 2●…6.  such an use is read Host 1. 8. and at Pe●… if they be forced to wean them before their time, they call such children Ain●…o, i. ●… bastards.  
20. Among the Indians 
b Mr Will. Key. p. ●…39.  they punish by beating, and whipping, and the Sachims' if they please, put offenders to death with their own hands, and secretly sometimes send out an executioner, as Mark 6. 27. 2 Cor. 11. 25.  
21. If a Brasilian wound another, 
c Lerius p. 241.  he must be punished in the same part of his body, and with death, if the other die, for they also answer an eye for an eye, etc. as the law was. Deut. 24. 19  
22. When the master of the family dieth, he is buried in the middle of the house, 
d Benzo. p. 168. 291. 39 Accost. l. 5. c. 8.  with his jewels, and other things he delighted in; the Spaniards were often made rich by such sepulchars, and josephus 
e Antiq. l. 7. c. 12.  tells of much treasure laid up even in David's grave.  
23. The Indians are given much to weeping, 
f Lerius. p. 266. 267. Benzo. 396 Laet des. Amer. p. 545. 642.  their women especially, and at burials; this was in fashion among the Jews. jer. 19 17. Famous for this they were among the old heathen.  
24. Balsam●…m 
g Benzo. p. 222. Accost. l. 4. c. 28.  was peculiar to the Jewish Country, and thought to be lost long ago saith Pliny; 
h l. 12. c. 15.  if it were, 'tis now found again in America.  
25. Their Princes and Governors whom they generally call Sachims', Sachmos, Sagamos, 
i Laet Descr. Amer. p. 75.  are no other but heads of families, as it was of old in Israel. Num. 7. 2.  
26. The Indians have their Posts 
k Accost. l. 6. c. 10. 17.  and Messengers that were swift of foot, whom they dispatched upon their affairs, and they ran with speed, and such were among the Jews. 2 Sam. 18. 24, 26, 27.   

CHAP. IU. Sacred and solemn rites and customs alike.  
ACosta 
a Hist. l 5. c. 27.  affirms the Americans to have ceremonies and customs resembling the Mosaical.  
1. Circumcision 
b Id. de procur. Ind. Sal. p. 6. 45  is frequent among the Indians, which some not observing, have thereupon denied them to be Judaical, and Io. de Laet 
c In Grot. part. 1. p. 45.  is forced to acknowledge such venereous people have somewhat like to circumcision occasioned by their lasciviousness; but daily 
d P. Mart. p. 175. 290. 293. 296. 300.  experience declareth that they have indeed upon them this Judaical badge. Her●…dotus 
e l. 2. p. 143.  averreth the Colchi for this to be of the Egyptian race, and that the Phoenicians and Syrians of Palaestina learned from them that rite; and though some have judged the Tartars to be Jews, because circumcised, others 
f Dr Helin Ge●…. p. 662. Laet. ibid. 127.  yield not to this, because they were Mahometans by Religion, and from them received that custom; but these people have cut off their foreskin time out of mind, and it cannot be conceived whence they had this ceremony, but that it is national. And though the fore mentioned 
g Id. p. 128.  writer endeavours much to prove, that there is no circumcision among them, and that some other people be so handled, whom none yet ever imagined to be Judaical, but that of jer. 9 26. is not so fitly I think cited for his purpose; and Grotius tells him 
h In Laet p. 2. p. 59  confidently, we have so many witnesses that the Americans be circumcised, as it becomes not a modest man to deny it; and among the rarities brought from those quarters, Pancirollus 
i Tit. 1. de No viter repet is, Cultellos Lapideos quidvis ●…ecante s.  speaks of stony knives, very sharp and cutting, and his Illustrator 
k p. 135.  H. Salmuth, shows that the Jews of old did use such in their circumcising, knives of stone, which Sacrament omitted forty years in their travel, is revived by God's command to joshua 5. 2. Make thee sharp knives, cultros petrinos; Arias Montanus reads, cultros lapideos in the vulgar Latin, but the Septuagint doth not only mention those rocky knives, but adds, taken from a sharp rock, as if the allusion also were to Christ, the Rock, that doth circumcise our hearts; Lerius 
l p. l 91.  affirms he saw some of those cutting stones or knives at Brasil.  
2. The Indians worship that God 
m Mart. p. 524  they say, who created the Sun, Moon, and all invisible things, who gives them also all that is good.  
3. They knew of that flood which drowned 
n Id. p. 444. Lerius. p. 220. Accost. l. 6. c. 19  the world, and that it was sent for the sin of man, especially for unlawful lust, and that there shall never be such a deluge again.  
4. It is affirmed by them 
o Id▪ de procur. Ind. Sal. p. 68  nevertheless that after many years, fire shall come down from above and consume all.  
5. They believe the immortality of the soul, and that there is a place of joy, 
p Benzo. p. 396 Relation of Maryland. p. 33. Cap. Smith. Lerius. p 223. Acosta. p. 345.  another of torment after death, whither they shall go that kill, lie, or steal, which place they call Popogusso, a great pit, like the expression, Num. 16. 33. and Rev. 19 1, etc. but they which do no harm shall be received into a good place, and enjoy all manner of pleasure.  
6. The Americans have in some parts an exact form of King, Priest, 
q Mr Will. Key. p. 100  and Prophet, as was aforetime in Canaan.  
7. Priests are in some things among them, as with the Hebrews, 
r P. Mart. p. 418. 473 521. 529 Godwin of the Esseni, in Jewish Antiqu. Malvend. de Antichristo. p. 153.  Physicians, and not habited as other men, and in Tamazulapa there be vestments kept like those Aaroniticall robes of the Highpriest.  
8. The Temples wherein they worship, 
s Capt. Smith p. 12●…. Acosta. l. 5. c. 13. Pet Mart. p. 350.  sing, pray, and make their Offerings, are fashioned and used as with the Jews; at Mexico they were built four square, and sumptuous, as Ezek. 40. 47.  
9 The Priests have their Chambers 
t Id p 351.  in the Temple, as the manner was in Israel. 1 Reg. 6. 7.  
10. They had places also therein 
u Id. p. 314. , which none might enter into but their Priests. Heb. 9 6, 7.  
11. In their worship of Viracoche 
w Accost. p. 339 , and the Sun, etc. they open their hands, and make a kissing sound with their mouths, as job 31. 27.  
12. They had almost continual fire before their Idols, and took great care lest the 
x Id. l. 5●… c. 16▪ 6. 24.  fire before the Altar should die, they call that the Divine Hearth, where there is fire continually, like that in Leviticus 6. 9  
13. None may intermeddle with their Sacrifices but the Priests, 
y Id. l. 5. c. 14.  who were also in high estimation among them as they were among the Jews.  
14. Every Nobleman in Mexico 
z Ibid. l. 5 c. ●….  had his Priest, as Israel had the Levites within their gates.  
15. In their necessities 
a Pet. Mart.  they always sacrificed, which done, they grew hopeful and confident.  
16. They burned Incense, 
b Relat. Mar. Land. p. 169. Accost. 5. 16.  had their Censars, and cake Oblations, as jer. 7. 18.  
17. The first fruits of their Corn 
c Pet, Mart: p▪ 522. 351.  they offered, and what they got by Hunting and Fishing.  
18. At Mexico and some other places 
d Ibid.  they immolate the bodies of men, and as the Jews of old, saith P. Martyr, did eat of their Beasts so sacrificed, they feed on man's flesh so offered.  
19 In all Peru they had but one Temple, 
e Laet. Descr. Amer. p. 398. 434.  which was most sumptuous, Consecrated to the Maker of the world; yet they had four other places also for Devotion, as the Jews had several Synagogues, beside that their glorious Temple.  
20. The Idols of America 
f Malvenda. p. 169.  were Mitred, in a manner, much as Aaron was.  
21. A year of Jubilee 
g Id. ibid. & Accost. Hist. l. 5. c●…9 ●…9.  did they observe, as did Israel also.  
22. Lerius tells a story of them, 
h Id. p. ●…69.  much like that of Apocryphal Bel, and the Dragon, and his Priests.  
23. In their Idol services they 
i Benzo. p. 113, 114. ●…um ●…ympano.  dance and sing, men and women, almost as Miriam, with Timbrels, Exod. 15. 20. and then they offer bread, as it is in Malac. 1. 7.  
24. They have hope of their body's 
k Cento ad Solin. p. 256. Benzo. p. 403. and Hist. of Peru.  resurrection, and for that cause are careful in burying their dead; and when they saw the Spaniards digging into Sepulchers for gold and silver, the Natives entreated them not to scatter the bones, that so they might with more ease be raised again.  
25. The Indians make account the world shall have an end, but not till a great drought come 
l Benzo ubi sup. & Solin. Cent. ibid. , and as it were a burning of the air, when the Sun and Moon shall fail, and lose their shining; thence it is, that in the Eclipses of those two greater Lights, they make such yell and out-cries, as if the end of all things were upon them.   

CHAP. V. The third Conjecture.  
THE Americans words and manners of speech, be in many things consonant to those of the Jews, 
a Idem genus ca●…cementi, & verba quaedam. Ubi supra.  Seneca hath that other reason, persuading that the Spaniards planted in Italy, because they both speak alike; and as Volaterrane 
b l. 30. p. 323.  for his Countrymen, so some suppose the Greeks long since mingled with the Britain's, because we still have divers words of Grecian Idiom. For this reason 
c Ubi ●…nte.  Caesar judged the British to be gaul's, in that the Cities of both the Nations were called by the same names. Giraldus Cambrensis derives his Countrymen's Original from Troy, because they have so many Trojan names and words amongst them; Oenus, Resus, Aeneas, 
Descr. Cambr. p. 2●….  Hector, Ajax, Evander, Eliza, etc. and Grotius 
d In Laet. part. 1. p. 30.  therefore imagines that the Americans came from Norway, because they have many words the same with the Norwegians. It is then considerable to our purpose, how in this the Jews and Indians be alike.  
1. The aspirations of the Americans have 
e Pet. Mart. p. 248. Laet. ibid. p. 186.  the force of consonants, and are pronounced by them not as the Latins and some other Nations, but after the manner of the Hebrews.  
2. The name of that great City Mexico 
f Malvenda p. 1●…9.  is observed in sound and writing to come very near unto that name of our dear Lord, Psalm 2. 2. Meschico, and Mexico in their Language is a 
g Gag. Survey. p. 46.  Spring, as of our Master and Messiah; the day spring that from on high hath visited us. Luk. 1. 78.  
3. The Ziims mentioned Esa. 13. 21. and 34. 14. are 
h jerem in loc,  supposed to be wicked Spirits, deluding Mankind, as Hobgoblins, Fairies, etc. Such are the Zemes among the Indians so often spoken of by 
i p. 88 93, 94. etc.  Peter Martyr, these they call the Messengers of the great God; every King among them hath such a Ziim or Zeme, and from them came those Predictions constantly current among them, of a covered Nation that should spoil their Rites.  
4. Acosta marvailes much 
k Hist. l. 5. c. 3.  at the Indians, that having some knowledge that there is a God, yet they call him not by any proper name, as not having any peculiar for him, a Relic it may be of that Judaical conceit of the non-pronuntiable Tetragrammaton.  
5. 'tis very remarkable that Escarbotus 
l Laet. Descr. Amer. p. 53. 164▪  tells, how he heard the Indians often perfectly use the wurd Hallelujah; at which he marvailed the more, because he could not at all perceive that they had learned it from any Christian; and this is with like admiration recorded 
m p. 164. 172.  by the describer of Nova Francia.  
6. In the Island of St. Michael or Azores, which belongs to America, saith 
n p. 154.  Malvenda, certain Sepulchers, or Grave-stones are digged up by the Spaniards, with very ancient Hebrew Letters upon them, above and below, thus above, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Why is God gone away; and beneath this Inscription 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He is dead, know God, which words seem to have a woeful enquiry of God's departure from them, with a comfortable Declaration of his dying for them, together with an incitation to know him.  
7. Very many of their words are like the Hebrew, which our Novangles 
o Mr. Will. Key Pref of N. E. p. 91.  have observed, and in the general attested: A more serious disquisition into their Language would conduce much to find out their descent, and help exceedingly towards their Conversion; and if it be said, the Jews were ever tenacious of their Language, which 
p Pref. to Chaldean Diction.  Elias Levita saith, they changed not in Egypt, but if they be now in America, all in a manner is lost. 'Tis fit then to consider, that in all Nations, in two or three Ages there is a great alteration in their Tongues; the words of the League between the Carthaginians and Romans in fifty years' space, saith 
q Bodin. Meth p. 494.  Polybius, were so uncouth, and little known, that they could scarce be understood; and 
r Syst. Phys.  Keckerman showeth, 
r Syst. Phys.  that the Germane language in almost as short a time received the like mutation, and our Saxon Ancestors translated the Bible into English as the Tongue then was, but of such antique Words and Writing, that few men now can read and understand it, which waxing old, and hard, it was again Translated into newer words, saith Archbishop 
s Pref. to the old English Bible.  Cranmer, and many even of those words are now strange andneasie to us; in such sudden Change of Language universally, we need not wonder, that so little impression of the Hebrew Tongue remains among them, if the Indians be Jewish; but we may marvel rather, that after so many years of most gross and cursed blindness, and having no commerce, nor converse with other Nations, that any the least similitude thereof should be left.   

CHAP. VI▪ The sixth Conjecture.  
THis which followeth next, at first sight, will appear a Paradox rather than a Probability, that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Americanorum, the Man-devouring that is in America; for what an inference may this seem to be; there be Carybes, Cannibals, and Man-eaters among them, therefore they be Jewish? But let it be considered, Among the Curses threatened to Israel upon their disobedience, we read Levit. 26. 29. Ye shall eat the flesh of your Sons and of your Daughters, etc. So Deut. 28 53. Which Predictions, according to common supposals, seem to be fully verified in the Famine mentioned, 2 Kings 6. 28. and Lament. 4. 10. and those words are spoken of things then done and passed; but the Prophet Ezekiel, that lived about the same time, speaks in the future tense of some new, and till then unheard▪ of calamity, but such as should be common afterward; I will do in thee that I never did before, for in the midst of thee the Fathers shall ea●… their Sons, and the Sons their Fathers, etc. Ezek. 5. 9, 10. Before indeed, and at the Romans beleaguering jerusalem, Women did eat their Children, but there is no relation of Fathers and Sons devouring one another, though this be foretold, and as a thing easily to be taken notice of, 
a Iosp●…▪ de Bello judaico. l. 7. e▪ 8.  josephus in that last siege tells but of one Woman eating her child, and 'tis like there was no other, because the whole City was astonished at the news, and the seditious themselves did abhor it; yea and when the Romans heard thereof in their Camp, it exceeded credit at first, and their General comforted himself against that most inhuman and hideous fact, by remembering he had often proffered them peace, and they had as often wilfully refused it; but that Prophet foretells an infelicity without parallel, both de praeterito, and de futuro; I will do in thee that I never did before, neither will I ever do the like, Verse 9 And it should be a public and notorious calamity, for in the midst of thee the Fathers should eat their Sons, and their Sons their Fathers, Ver. 10. Words implying, yea expressing more than we can read was done, either when the Chaldees or Romans begirt their City: And the gloss of St. Jerome 
b In Ezek c. 5.  strengthens this conjecture; When the Fathers, saith he, did eat the Sons, or the Sons their Fathers, is not related in any History, and yet it was to be done openly in the midst of them, and as it were in the sight of the Sun. But if the Jews be planted in that Western World, we shall soon find the accomplishment of that Prophecy from Heaven, for 
c P. Mart. p. 206. I●…rius. ●…nzo. ●…ii.  there be Cannibals and Man-eaters in great multitudes; some whose trade is Homo cupium, & Homo capium, hungering and hunting after Man's flesh, and devouring it, whose greedy bellies have buried Millions of them, these Carybes are scattered all the Country over, the Ma●…hacks are such, and so near they are, or were to some of our 
d Prosp. of N. Eng. part. 2.  Planters, that finding an Englishman, they eat one part of him after another, before his face, while he was yet alive. If it be said, they eat none but strangers, or enemies, not Fathers their Sons, & 
N●…ler. Chr. p●…rt. 2. p. 519.  à contra, 
f p. 275.  Peter Martyr removes that scruple, by affirming, if they want the flesh of Foes and Foreigners, they eat then one another, even their own 
g In fine. p. 188.  kindred & allies, as he writes that added the Centons to 
h p. 55.  Solinus.  
If it be objected, those Cannibals are of a different Nature and Nation from the rest, Peter Martyr answers that also, supposing all the Inhabitants to be of one stock, because they use all one and the same kind of Bread, every where called Maiiz, and their Cymbae Uni-ligneae, their Canoes and Boats are in all places alike, and as 
i Benzo. p. 120.  those Western Nations generally call their Boats Canoes, and their Bread Maiiz, so their common word for wine is Chichia, for swords Macanas for King's Caciques.  
And if the Americans be Jewish, the Spaniards have yet in another sense fulfilled that Prediction of Ezekiel, for their own Bishop 
k Crudelit. Hispan. p. 50.  Bartholomeus de las Casas writes, how they took Indians 10000, sometimes 20000 abroad with them in their Forragings, and gave them no manner of food to sustain them, but the Flesh of other Indians taken in War, and so Christian-Spaniards set up a shambles of man's flesh in their Army; children were slain and roasted, men were killed for their hands and feet sakes, for those they esteemed the only delicate parts: this was most hideous and most barbarous inhumanity, the Tidings whereof was soon carried through the Land, and overwhelmed the Inhabitants with Horror and Astonishment.   

CHAP VII. Fifth Conjecture.  
THE people that have not yet received the Gospel of Jesus Christ are Jew's, but the Americans have not yet been gospelized; and here three things come to consideration.  

1. All other nations at first received the Gospel.  
2. The Jews before the end of the world shall be converted.  
3. These Indians have not yet heard of Christ.   
1. As the Scripture foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles through faith, preached before the Gospel unto Abraham, saying, in thee shall all the Gentiles be blessed, Gal. 3. 8. Gen. 12. 2, 3. 18. 8. In like manner the glorious Gospel was soon conveyed to them, soon after the coming of Christ, even before the death of the Apostles; holy David spoke of this promulgation, when he said, Psal. 19 1. The Heavens, i. e. the Apostles did declare the glory of God, etc. For the fourth, Their line is gone out into all Lands, and their words into the end of the world, is applied by Saint Paul to this very purpose, Rom. 10. 18. It was the command of their Master, Go teach all Nations, etc. Mat. 28. 19 and preach the Gospel to every creature, Mar. 16. 15. and they gave hereto most willing obedience, which we must have believed, though it had not been so exactly recorded in undoubted ecclesiastical Histories. There we read often 
a Socrat. l. 1. 15 Russia. Tripartit. etc. Discess●… ab ●…cem Apostoli 〈◊〉 praedic●…onis 〈◊〉 comm●…ne consti●…uunt. Cypr. de Symb. Ap.  that they divided the 
c.  world into 12 parts, every Apostle accepting that which fell to his lot; but first they compiled the Creed, called therefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Collation, saith Cassian, 
b De Incarn. l. 6 c. 3.  who was Chrysostom's Scholar; because that which was at large expressed in the several volumes of the Bible, was by them briefly contracted into that form; and to this he applieth that of the Apostle, Rom. 9 28. a short work we read it now, but of old it was rendered, verbum abbreviatum a short word, a short rule, to which all of them were to conform their doctrine, and the fifteenth of july was afterwards, and is still celebrated by 
c Wit●…kiland de Sphae●…a.  some Christians, in memory of their thus going to Gospellize the world; and it is called Festum divisionis Apostolorum: yea and the place is yet showed to Travellers at this day, 
d G. Sands troth.  where they are said to assemble upon this occasion. Very 
e Socrat. ubi ante. Russia in Symb. & Hist. l. 1. c. 9 Tertul. de vel. virg. l. 1. c. 1. Regula quid●…m fidei una omnino est sola immobilis. & i●…reformabilis. Clem. Ep. ad jacob. quam Latin. fecit▪ Russin. Ambr. Ser. 138. Aug. de T. 119.  many ancient writers, historical and others, 
f Disput. p. 21.  agreeing with Vigilius in this, Authenticum symbolum quod Apostoli tradiderunt; and a little before he blameth some for venting such doctrines, as were neither 
g Ibid.  delivered by the Prophets, nor had the authentic authority of the Apostles Creed, and yet suppose it dubious whether that Symbol be indeed of Apostolical constitution; and that they did not so divide the world to further their work, which is so confidently avouched by the ancient, together with the Countries where each of them had their portion▪ yet we are sufficiently assured such was their commission, which they pursued with exactness and success; so that in their life time by their diligence the whole earth was enlightened: Thus Saint Paul tell his Romans, 1. 8. Their faith was published through the whole world; the same is said to the Collossians also, 1. 6. and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is used in neither place, lest curiosity should restrain it to the Roman World, but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is the former expression, and the latter is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in the whole and every part of the world; and is it not considerable, as the injunction was, preach the Gospel to every creature, as was before remembered from Saint Mark, 16. 5. So Saint Paul avoweth that in his time it was preached to every creature, Col. 1. 23. such was then the use of that word; the name creature was especially given to man, the chief of all creatures below.  
And this is unanimously acknowledged by the next writers, Ignatius 
h Ep. ad Philadelph. p. 4.  thought to be that little child called by Christ Mat. 18. 1. hath this expression 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉▪ There 
i Niceph. l. 2. c. 35.  is one Church which the Apostles settled from one end of the earth to another in the blood of Christ, by their sweat and labour. Tertullian 
k Britannorum inaccessa Romanis loca Christs patuerunt. ad v. ●…ud. c. 7.  in the following Century affirms that the Gospel in those very first times went beyond the Roman Monarchy, even to us Britons; and 
l Hist. l. 2 c. 3.  Eusebius showeth how the doctrine of salvation by divine power and cooperation, was carried into all the world: and julius Firmicus Maturnus 
m De error. profan. relig.  professeth that in his time 1300 years since, there was no Nation under Heaven, East, West, North, or South, unto whom the Sun of the Gospel had not shined; and not only in all the Continent, but in every Island saith Greg. Nissene; Thus 
n De consid. l. 2.  Bernard also, and others▪ for when the Jewish fleece was dried up, all the world saith Jerome 
o In Math. & T. 1. Ep. p. 103.  was sprinkled with that heavenly dew.  
2. The Jews before the end of the world shall be converted to Christianity; this truth is to be found in the Old and New Testament, and hath been the constant belief of the faithful in every age. The children of Israel shall remain many days without a King, and without a Prince, etc. Host 3. 4. yet Ver. 5. afterward they shall convert, and seek the Lord their God, and David their King, i. e. Christ the Son of David the King of his Church, thus Zephan. 3. 8, 9, 10, 11. Zach. 12. 10, 11, etc. and some predictions in that Evangelicall Prophet Esay. Saint Paul applies to this very purpose, Rom. 11. 26, 27. from Esa. 59 20. & 27. 9 yea and our common Master Christ telleth us, jerusalem shall be trodden under foot of the Gentiles, until the time of the Gentiles shall be fulfilled, Luke 21. 24. So Saint Paul, when the fullness of the Gentiles is come in, all Israel shall be saved, Rom. 11. 25. Some by Israel here would understand, Israel according to the spirit, that is, the Elect from all the Nations: but all along the Jews and Gentiles are spoken of as distinct people according to the flesh, so all Israel shall be saved, that is, 
p ●…illet de Vocat. jud. Malvend de Antichristo.  a very great and numerous company, or many from every tribe, as we use to say genera singulorum, not singuli generum, or all the elect of them; for when their heart shall be turned to the Lord, the veil shall be taken away, 2 Cor. 3. 16. Ancient Christians have subscribed to this; In the end of the world saith Jerome 
q In Mat. 24. In Host 2. In Joh. 4. Mic. 2▪ r De Civit. D. l▪ 18. c. 28. & 20, 21.  the Jews receiving the Gospel, shall be enlightened, thus Augustine (r), Gregory 
s Mor. l. 35. c. 9 , Bernard 
t In Cant. ser. 39 , Primasius 
u In Apoc. mei p▪ 31. , this was, this is the common opinion of Christians.  

Coepit ab his, defertur ad hos, referetur ad illos 
w Sum. Raymundi. p. 81▪   
Nostra fides, & erunt sub mundi fine fideles.   

From the Jews our faith began,  
To the Gentiles than it ran,  
To the Jews return it shall,  
Before the dreadful end of all.   
3. The third consideration hath a twofold branch.  
1. The Americans have not, but 2. shall be acquainted with Christianity: and to the first all are not of this mind that the Indians have not heard of the Gospel: for 
x Epit. Cent. 16 part. 2.  Osiander speaking of Vilagagno, and his planting there in Brasil, writes confidently, without doubt those people received the Gospel of Christ by the preaching of the Apostles 1500 years since, but they lost it again by their unthankfulness; and Malvenda 
y P. 169.  allegeth some conjectures that Christianity might have been among them, but these are so few, and so forced, that himself supposeth them rather satanical suggestions, illusions, and imitations, than remembrances indeed of the Gospel.  
There be 
z Doroth. Synop. Hieron. Ca●…al. Socrat. l. 15. Ruffin. l. 1. c 9 Euseb. aliique  some records where every one of the Apostles planted the faith of Christ, in what Nations and Kingdoms, but they are all silent touching this part of the world, which indeed was not known till of late; yea some 
a Salmuth. in Pancirol. de Noviter Repert▪ c. 1. P. 7.  conceive, they had no being at all in former ages, and that there was not so much as land or earth in those places; however questionless they be but of late discovery; for though some 
b Bocha. Geo. Sac. P. 716.  will have America to be those Atlantic Islands mentioned by Plato, others that the Phaenicians arrived thither more than 2000 years since, and some further improbable conjectures there be, 'tis concluded nevertheless by many judicious and observant men, that it was never heard of in this world, till 
c Accost. Benzo. Pet. Mart. Lerius. etc.  Christopher Columbus of Genoa brought news thereof about 1590. when then, or by whom should they be made Christians? is it credible there should be no records thereof in the Annals of any Nation? Could so great a part of the world become Christians, without any whispering thereof to any other; is it likely that all Gospel impressions should be utterly obliterate among them? all the light thereof quite extinguished? and not so much as the least glimpse thereof remain? as is also acknowledged by him 
d Io. de Laet in Grot. part▪ P. 71.  that hath written and observed so much of these nations.  
2. Seeing they were never yet enlightened, without question they shall be, for the Gospel of the Kingdom must be preached every where for a witness to all Nations, Mat. 24. 14. Surely so large a part of the world shall not always be forgotten: Is it imaginable that the God of mercy, who is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a lover of souls, Wisd. 11. 23. should suffer so great a portion of mankind ever to remain in darkness, and in the shadow of death? Is it credible or fit to be believed, that the wisdom of the Father who taketh his solace in the habitable parts of the earth, and his delight is to be with the children of men, Prov. 8. 31. should have no compassion of such an innumerable multitude of souls? The earth was inhabited 
e Bucholz Chro. mei P. 136.  by degrees, from the place where Noah's Ark rested they went as the Sun, from the East, and so planted themselves forward; and the progress of the Gospel saith 
f De Vit. Constant. l. 2. c. 65.  Eusebius, was in the same manner, and for this there is more than allusion in Psal. 19 5. compared with Rom. 10. 18. That Western part of the world was last inhabited, and it shall hear of Christ also in due time, as certainly as there be people to receive him, for he shall be salvation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, to the last end of the earth, Act. 13. 47. And the Americans have a tradition among themselves, 
g Pet Mart. Decad. P. 95. etc. 244. Malvenda. ibid.  that white and bearded Nations shall subdue their Countries, abolish all their rites and ceremonies, and introduce a new religion.   

CHAP. VIII. The sixth Conjecture.  
THE Americans calamities are suitable to those plagues threatened unto the Jews, Deut. 28. Such a comment upon that terrible Scripture is not any where to be found, as among the Indians, by this also it will appear probable that they be Jews: and here three things shall be touched upon. 1. The Jews were a very sinful people. 2. The Indians were and are transcendent sufferers. 3. In that way 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 literally, as was threatened to the Jews.  
1. The Jews were grand offenders; 
a De Arcan Cathol. Vent. c. 24. p. 282.  Galatinus mentions fon●…e of their enormous transgressions, with their ensuing vengeances. 1. The selling of joseph into Egypt, where themselves were kept afterwa●…d in an iron furnace, and dwelled a long time in an house of bondage. 2. Their first rejection of the Messiah, typified in David, 2 Sam. 20. 1. which was punished by the Assyrians. 3. The sacrificing of their own children to Idols, and murdering the Prophets that deterred them from such abominations, he calls their third great offence, for which the Babylonian captivity fell upon them. 4. Their fatal and most grievous crime was the denial of the Holy one, and the just, with desire that a murderer should be given them, Act. 3. 14. and this brought upon them, first the tyranny of the Roman conquest, and then all those hideous and horrid tribulations that press and oppress them to this day.  
2. The Natives of America have endured the extremities of most unspeakable miseries: They are a Nation saith Lerius 
b Lerius p. 230.  cursed and forsaken of God, and the men of Spain to their other cruelties added that most abominable reproach, these Barbarians are 
c Benzo p. 77. 111. 167.  dogs, unworthy of Christendom; 'tis too true they were so used by them, as if they had been such or worse, they did so wear them up with labour, that they became weary of their lives, the poor creatures choosing rather to die any kind of death, than to live under such bloody Masters and Monsters; they scared the Indians into woods, where the men and women hanged themselves together, and wanting instruments sometimes for such self execution, they helped one another to knit their long locks about the branches of trees, and so cast themselves down headlong, their own hairs being their halters; and thus many thousands of them ended their days with most lamentable yell and out-cries; their intestine violences and injuries among themselves were woeful by rapine, war, and sacrificings of one another, many 
d Surius in Append. ad Naucler. p. 775.  thousands of them have been immolated in one day at Mexico; but their sufferings by the spaniards exceed not only all relation, but belief, and surely the savages could not have outstripped the Spaniards in barbarous savagenesses, if those Infidels had gotten the upper hand of these Christians; a very prudent Cacique saith Benzo 
e P. 222. , that was near an hundred years old, reported freely, that when he was young, a very strange disease invaded those countries, the sick commonly vomited many filthy worms, such a wasting plague he said followed this calamity, that we feared none of us could survive it: and a little before your coming we of jucatana had two cruel battles with the Mexicans, in which above one hundred and fifty thousand were slain, but these were all light and easy vexations, in respect of those terrible examples of intolerable insolence, avarice, and cruelty, exercised by yourselves upon us; thus he: we read, when the Prophet of God soretold Hazael, the evil he should bring upon Israel Hazael said, Is thy servant a dog that he should do this? 2 King. 8. 13. But the Spaniards did more evil things to the Indians, and showed themselves with shame to be worse than dogs, witness that bloody Bezerill, though not so bloody as his Master Didacus Salasar 
f Ovied Hist. ●…nd. l. 16. c. 11. in Benzo. P. 295 , who set that his Mastiff upon an old woman, employed by himself, as he feigned with letters to the Governor, who seeing the cruel cur, by his more cruel Masters setting on, with open mouth coming upon her, falls to the ground, bespeaking him in her language, sir dog, sir dog, I carry these letters to the Governor, holding up to his view the seal, be not angry with me, sir dog, the Mastiff as becalmed by that begging posture and language, abates his fierceness, lifts up his leg, and besprinkles the woman, as dogs use to do at the wall: the Spaniards▪ that knew well his curstness at other times, saw this with astonishment, and were ashamed▪ to hurt the woman, that so cruel a dog had spared.  
3. The Indian sufferings have run so parallel with those threats, Deut. 28. as if they had been principally intended therein also. Was Israel offending to be calamitous, in all places, town and field, at home and abroad, etc. The poor Indians 
g Casa, Benzo, alij Historici passim.  for their gold and labour, were by the Spaniards hunted out of all places, corners and Islands, as if the end of their discovery had been indeed to make a full end, and a total devastation of the American Nations. Against the sinning Jews it was said, Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, etc. verse. 18. The pestilence shall cleave unto thee, etc. The Lord shall smite thee with a consumption, etc. ver. 21, 22, 35, 29. Strange diseases have destroyed the Natives, as the histories of those countries do relate; their cruel taskmasters the Spaniards, did so much overburthen them with load and labour, that the 
h jidem,  cohabitation of man and wife did cease: seven thousand infants of Cuba did perish in three month's space, their mothers worn out with toiling had no milk to give them. The Lord said, He would smite Israel with blindness, madness, and astonishment of heart, and thou shalt grope at noon day, as the blind gropeth in darkness, etc. ver. 28, 29. And woeful indeed is the veil of ignorance that is come over the Natives 
i Pet. Mart: P. 506. Guacca Regio, jarima podex. ; they imagined the Island Hispaniola to be a living creature, eating and digesting like a monster: that vast sea den or hollow place which they call Guacca-jarima, is the voider of its excrements, a fancy like that antique fable of the Demogorgon lying in the womb of the world, whose breath causeth the flux and reflux of the sea: the dark part of the Moon 
k Id. P. 525.  they take to be a man thrown thither, and tormented for incest with his own sister, whose eclipse they guess to be caused by the Sun's anger; those responsalls of the air's reverberation, which we call echo, they suppose to be souls, wand'ring thereabouts. How were those poor creatures astonished, when they saw themselves torn by 
l Casa. P. 1●….  Spanish dogs, whose Masters would borrow quarters of Indians, men and women, for their hounds, and as commonly expose them to such a kind of death and burial, as if men and women had been made for dog's meat? how were they affrighted when the fear of Spanish cruelties provoked fathers, mothers, children, to hang themselves together? that Bishop knew of two hundred and more so perishing by the tyranny of one Spaniard. No 
m Casa. P. 24.  marvel therefore if when the Friar told Hathuey, the Cacique, of heaven's happiness, and the torments of hell, and he understanding upon enquiry that the Spaniards dying went to heaven, because they were Christians, let my lot saith he fall in hell rather than with that most cruel people. God said of the Jews, They should be oppressed and spoilt evermore, ver. 29. thou shalt betrothe a wife, and another shall lie with her, ver. 30. you shall be left few in number, though ye were as stars for multitude, etc. ver. 62. And these Americans were made by the Spaniards every where and every way miserable, without any help or relief: Barthol▪ 'las Casas upon forty two years' sight of their suffering, sympathized so much with them, that he represented the same to King Philip, in hope to obtain for them some favour and mercy, but he little prevailed. One of them boasted of his care to leave as many Indian women as he could with child, that in their sale he might put them off to his better profit: from 
n Id. P. 60.  Lucaios to Hispaniola, about seventy miles, dead carcases were cast so abundantly into the sea, that they needed no other direction thither; and we know it for truth, saith he, that Country's longer than all Europe and a great part of Asia, by horrid cruelties were destroyed, and more than twenty Millions of the Natives 
o Benzo. P. 111.  yea in Hispaniola alone, scarce one hundred and fifty, of two millions were left alive. In another place he professeth their tyranny was so cruel and detestable, that in forty six years' space they caused, he verily believed, more than fifty millions of them to pay their last debt to nature; for I speak, saith he, the truth, and what I saw: they dealt with the poor Indians, not as with beasts, hoc enim peroptarem, but as if they had been the most abject dung of the earth: and 
Id. ib. P. 7. & 8  is this the way saith Benzo to convert Infidels? Such kindness they showed to other places also, Cuba, jamaica, Portu ricco, etc. It was said against Israel, Cursed shall thy basket be, and thy store, ver. 17. the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy cattle. ver. 18. all shall be devoured by enemies and other Nations, etc. ver. 30, etc. For very much is said of their suffering in riches and honour etc. And the Spanish Christians that broke into America showed themselves so covetous of their treasure, that the Natives with wonder said 
p Casa. P. 12. 22, 29. 54.  surely gold is the Spaniards God; they broiled noble Indians on gridirons, to extort from them their hidden wealth, giving no respect at all to their Caciques or Kings. Memorable in 
q Benzo. P. 285▪  many respects is the History of Attabaliba the great King of Peru, who being conquered and captivated by Francis Pizarro, redeemed his liberty by the promise of so many golden and silver vessels, as should fill the room where they were so high as one could reach with his hand, and they were to take none away till he had brought in the whole sum; expecting thereupon according to covenant his freedom and honour, he dispatched his officers and servants with great care and diligence, and did faithfully perform his bargain, in bringing that vast heap of treasure together; but they resolve nevertheless most impiously to murder him, though with many arguments and tears he pleaded for his life, desiring sometime to be sent unto Caesar, then expostulating with them for their perfidiousness and falsehood, but neither words nor weeping, nor their own inward guilt could mollify those hard hearts, they sentence him to death by a rope, and the cruel execution followed; but 
r P▪ 289, etc.  Benzo observed a miraculous hand of vengeance from heaven upon all that gave consent thereto: so that as Suetonius 
s c. 89.  records of Caesar's stobbers, Nullus eorum suamorte defunctus est, every one of them found that consultation and contrivance fatal; Almager is hanged, Didacus his son is slain by Vacca de Castro, the Indians kill john Pizarro at C●…sco, who fell upon Friar Vincent also of the green valley, and slew him with clubs in the Isle Puna, Ferdinandus Pizarro was sent into Spain, where he consumed his days in a prison, Gonsallus Pizarro was taken by Gasca and hewn in pieces, and Francis Pizarro that was the Precedent, and gave judgement, died an evil death also, being slain by his own Country men in that strange land; so just was God in avenging so perfidious a regicide and King-murder, so ominous was their presumption against the honourable, vile swineherds sentencing so great a King to so foul a death: those are his words, in whom, and his interpreter 
t Benzo. 179. 311, 315. etc. , he that please may read further, those murderers were base in birth and life, and they instance in despicable particulars.  
It were endless to mention all the parallels that the Spaniards have drawn upon the poor Indians, according to the threats of God upon the sinning Jews, Deut. 28. 43, The stranger that is within the●… shall get up above thee very high, and thox shalt come down very low. 48. Thou shalt serve thine enemy in hunger, and thirst, and nakedness, and in want of all things, and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck till he have destroyed thee. 59 The Lord will make thy plagues wonderful, etc. 61. And every plague which is not written in this Law will the Lord bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed.  
Their Kings and Caciques were no more regarded by them than the meanest, they enthralled all the Natives in most woeful servitude and captivity; their sufferings have been most wonderful, such as the Book of the Law hath not registered, nor any other record; they spared no age nor sex, not women with child; they laid wagers who could dig deepest into the bodies of 
Casa. P. 19 11.  men at one blow, or with most dexterity cut off their heads; they took infants from their mother's breasts and dashed their innocent heads against the rocks; they cast others into the rivers with scorn, making themselves merry at the manner of their falling into the water; they set up several gallows, and hung upon them thirteen Indians in honour they said of Christ and his twelve Apostles: And yet further the same Bishop marvels at the abominable blindness and blasphemy of his Countrymen, impropriating their bloody crimes unto God himself, giving him thanks in their prosperous tyrannies, like those thiefs and Tyrants he saith spoken of by the Prophet Zachary, 11. 5. They kill, 
Id. P. 57  and hold themselves not guilty, and they that sell them say, Blessed be the Lord, for I am rich.  
And now if all these parallels will not amount to a probability, one thing more shall be added, which is the dispersion of the Jews, 'tis said, The Lord shall scatter thee among all people, from one end of the earth, even to the other, etc. Deut. 28. 64. The whole remnant of thee I will scatter into all winds, Ezek. 5. 10, 12, 14. & Zach. 2. 6. I have spread you as the four winds of heaven.  
Now if it be considered how punctual and faithful God is in performing his promises and threats mentioned in the Scripture of truth, we shall have cause to look for the Jews in America, one great, very great part of the earth; Esay had said, 1. 8. The daughter of Zion shall be left as a lodge in a garden of Cucumbers, and as Helena 
u Tripartit. Hist. l 2. c. 18. w Catech. 16. P. 263.  found it in her time, pomorum custodium an Apple-yard; so (w) Cyrill affirmeth in his days it was a place full of Cucumbers; jeremy's prophecies of Babylon's destruction, even in the circumstances thereof, are particularly acknowledged and related by Xenophon 
x C●…ropaid. passim. , The Lord had threatened to bring a Nation upon Israel swift as the Eagle flieth, Deut. 28. 49. josephus 
y De B. judaica. l. 3. c. 57  saith this was verified in Vespasian's Ensign, and the banner of Cyrus was an Eagle 
z Ubi supra. 7. P. 501.  also, as the same Xenophon relateth; and if the Jews be not now, never were in America, how have they been dispersed into all parts of the earth? this being indeed so large a portion of it; how have they been scattered into all the four winds, if one of the four did never blow upon them? Much more might be said of their sufferings from the Spaniards, whom the barbarous Indians thereupon counted so barbarous and inhuman, that they supposed them not to come into the world like other people, as if it were impossible, that any borne of man and woman should be so monstruously savage and cruel; they derived therefore their pedigree from the wide and wild Ocean, and called them 
a Lerius. P. 152 alijque Cent. ad Solin. P. 218.  Viracocheie, i. e. the foam of the Sea, as being borne of the one, and nourished by the other, and poured upon the earth for its destruction. 
b Hist. l. 7. c. 22.  Acosta indeed gives another interpretation of that word in honour of his Nation, but other 
c Lerius, alij.  writers unanimously accord in this; and 
d P. 405, 406.  Benzo confidently averreth, that the conceit and judgement of the Indians touching the original of the Spaniards, is so settled in them, that none but God himself can alter their minds herein; for thus saith he they reason among themselves, the winds tumble down houses, and tear trees in pieces, the fire burns both trees and houses, but these same Viracocheys devour all, they turn over the earth, offer violence to the rivers, are perpetually unquiet, wandering every way to find gold, and when they have found it, they throw it away at dice, they steal, and swear, and kill, yea and kill one another, and deny God: yea these Indians in detestation of the Spaniards, he saith, do execrate and curse the sea itself for sending such an intractable, fierce, and cruel a generation into the earth: But thus have wicked sins drawn woeful punishments, threatened to the Jews, and suffered also by these Americans, wherein the more hath been spoken, not only to deter all Christians from such inhuman barbarities, but to provoke the readers every way to compassionate such transcendent sufferers, the rather because as Canaan of old was Emanuels' land, Host 9 3. the holy land, Zach. 2. 12. and the Jews were Gods peculiar people, so these surely are either a remnant of Israel after the flesh, or else God will in his good time incorporate them into that commonwealth, and then they also shall become the Israel of God.    

Part Second.  
Some contrary reasonings removed, and first in the general.  

CHAP. I.  
THere be some that by irrefragable arguments, they suppose, evince and overthrow all conjectures that the Americans be Jew's: Apocryphal Esdras in Historicalls may be of some credit, and that sentence of his by many is applied to this very purpose; and these very people, the ten tribes led away captive by Salmanasar, took this counsel among themselves, that they would leave the multitude of the Heathen, and go forth into a farther Country, where never man dwelled, that they might there keep their statutes, which they never kept in their own land, and they entered into Euphrates, by the narrow passages of the river, for through that Country there was a great way to go, namely of a year and an half, and the same Region is called Arsareth, etc. 2 Esdr. 13. 40. etc. 
a Accost. l. 1. c. 9  Acosta is of opinion that these words thus produced by many, make in truth against this conjecture, and that for two reasons. 1. The ten Tribes went so far to keep their statutes and ceremonies, but these Indians observe none of them, being given up to all Idolatries: And is this at all consequent, such was their purpose, therefore the success must be answerable? is it likely they should be so tenacious in a far and foreign land, that never kept them in their own, as the next words express? His second Argument is of like force, for 'tis not said, that Euphrates and America be contiguous, or places so near one the other, muchless that the entries of that River should stretch to the Indies; but he tells of a very long journey taken by them, suitable to the places of their removal, and approach, which was to a Country where never man dwelled, and what Country could this be but America? all other parts of the world being then known and inhabited: Besides there hath been a common tradition among the Jews, and in the world, that those ten tribes are utterly lost; in what place are they then like to be found if not in America? for they shall be found again. Some conjectures that they came from Norway, and be of that nation, have been mentioned, with the improbability also thereof; and now lately T. Gage sets forth his new survey of the West Indies, his long abode there, and diligent observation of many, very many remarkable passages in his travels; there I hoped to read somewhat of their originals, and find him 
b Gauges survey. p. 71.  affirming that the Indians seem to be of the Tartars progeny, his reasons are, 1. Quivira and all the West side of the Country towards Asia is far more populons than the East next Europe, which showeth these parts to be first inhabited; but if the meaning be, the nearer Tartary the more populous, therefore they came from thence, its falls in with the third reason. 2. Their barbarous properties are most like the Tartats of any; this argument militates with more force for their Judaisme, to which many of their rites be so consonant, both sacred and common, as hath been said. And thirdly the West side of America, if it be not continent with Tartary, is yet disjoined by a small strait; but the like may be said of some other parts, that they be or may have been near some other main lands, and so by that reason of some other race and extract. 4. The people of Quivira nearest to Tartary, are said to follow the seasons and pasturing of their cattle like the Tartarians; this particular, a species of the general, delivered in the second reason, is there glanced upon, but all he saith of this nature, and others with him, are so far from weakening our conjecture, that they may be embraced rather as friendly supports thereunto, if others have guessed right that conceive the Tartars also themselves to be Jews. Matthew Paris 
c M. Paris ad All. 1240 mei p. 732▪ & 756. , no mean man in his time, was of that opinion; in his famous history he mentions it as the judgement of learned men in that age, it is thought the Tartars, quorum memoriaest detestabilis, are of the ten Tribes, etc. Yea and of latter times Dr Fletcher 
d In M. S.  a near neighbour to them while he lived among the Russes as Agent for Queen Elizabeth, supposeth the same, and giveth divers probable arguments inducing him thereto: the names of many Towns in Tartary the same with those in Israel, Tabor, jerico, Chorasin, etc. They are circumcised, distinguished into Tribes, and have many Hebrew words among them, etc. for he addeth other probabilities; yea and the same M. Paris 
e Ubi supra▪  shows that the Jews themselves were of that mind, and called them their brethren of the seed of Abraham, etc. There was another transmigration of them when Vespasian destroyed jerusalem; their own, and other Histories speak little thereof: it might be well worthy the endeavours of some serious hours to inquire after the condition of that Nation since ou●… most dear Saviour's Ascension; a strange thing is reported by themselves, and of themselves, and with such confidence 
f Buxtorf. Synag. jud. c. 9 mei p. 231:  that 'tis in their devotion. It saith when Vespasian won jerusalem, he gave order that three ships laden with that people might be put to Sea, but without Pilot, oars, or tackling, these by winds and tempests were woefully shattered, and so dispersed, that they were cast upon several coasts; one of them in a Country called Lovanda, the second in another region named Arlado, the third at a place called Bardeli, all unknown in these time, the last courteously entertained these strangers, freely giving them grounds and vineyards to dress, but that Lord being dead, another arose that was to them, as Pharaoh to old Israel, and he said to them, he would try by Nabuchedonosors' experiment upon the three young men, if these also came from the fire unscorched, he would believe them to be Jews, they say Adoni-Melech, most noble Emperor, let us have also three days to invoke the Majesty of our God for our deliverance, which being granted, joseph and Benjamin two brothers, and their cousin Samuel, consider what is meet to be done, and agree to fast and pray three days together, and meditate every one of them a prayer, which they did, and out of them all they compiled one which they used all those three days and three nights; on the morning of the third day one of them had a vision upon Esa. 43. 2. which marvellously encouraged them all: soon after a very great fire was kindled, and an ininnumerable company of people came to see the burning, into which they cast themselves unbidden without fear, singing, and praying till all the combustible matter was consumed, and the fire went out; the Jews every where published this miracle, and commanded that this prayer should be said every Monday and Thursday morning in their Synagogues, which is observed by them to this day saith Buxtorfius: In this narration if there be any truth we may look for some confirmation thereof from America. But that there be no Jews in those parts, Io. de Laet endeavours otherwise to evince; 
In Grot:  as 1. They are not circumcised, therefore not Jews; but their circumcision hath been made so manifest, that this reason may well be retorted; they are circumcised, therefore they be Jews.  
Again the Indians are not covetous, nor learned, nor careful of their Antiquities, therefore they are not Judaical; in which allegations if there be any strength, it will be answered in the examination of those three following scrupulous and difficult questions.  

1. Whence and how the jews should get into America.  
2. How multiply, and enpeople so great a Continent, so vast a land.  
3. How grow so prodigiously rude and barbarous.    

CHAP II.  
Answer to the first Quere, How the jews should get into America.  
THE Jews did not come into America, as is feigned of Ganymede 
a Hygi●…. Astron , riding on Eagles wings, neither was there another Ark made to convey them thither, the Angels did not carry them by the hairs of the heads, 
b Bel, & Drag.  as Apocryphal Habakuk was conducted into Babylon, these were not caught by the Spirit of the Lord and settled there, as Saint Philip was from jerusalem to Asotus, Act. 8. 5. They were 
c Agathias Hist. m. p. 142.  not guided by an Hart, as 'tis written of the Hunns, when they broke in upon the nearer parts of Europe 
d In Euagr. l. 4. c. 18. , Procopius reports of the Maurisii, an African Nation, that they were of those Gergesites or Jebusites spoken of in the Scriptures, for he had read a very ancient writing in Phaenician Characters thus, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, i. e. We are they that fled from the face of the destroyer jesus the son of Nave; and so the Septuagint names him, whom we call the son of Nun, and as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 formerly, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was not in those days of such odious signification: It may be said these might pass from the parts of Asia into Lybia by land, but the Jews could not so get into America, which is thought by some to be very far distant on every side from the Continent; 
e l. 1. 19  Acosta therefore supposeth the Natives might come at first by sea into that main land, alleging some experiments to that purpose, but in the next Chapter he judgeth it more probable, whosoever the inhabitants be, that they traveled thither by land; for though some few men happily by tempests, might be cast on those shores, yet it is unlike, so large a part of the earth by such mishaps should be replenished. F. Cotton (f), it seems was puzzled with this 
Tract. P. Cott.  scruple, therefore in his memorials he propounded to the Daemoniaque that Interrogatory, Quomodo animalia in insulas, etc. Quomodo homines, how got men and other creatures into those Islands and Countries. Acosta 
g Ubi supra.  subscribes at length to the sentence of St. Austin 
h De C. D. ●…. 16. c. 7▪  for the entrance of Bears, Lions, and Wolves, that they arrived thither, either by their own swimming, or by the importation of curious men, or by the miraculous command of God, and ministration of the Angels, yet his 
i Idem.  final determination is, and he lived seventeen years in that Country, America joineth somewhere with some other part of the world, or else is but by a very little distance separated from it. And it may yet be further considered, the situation of Countries is much altered by tract of time, many places that were formerly sea, are now dry land saith Strabo 
k Geograp. l. 1. , a great part of Asia and Africa hath been gained from the Atlantic Ocean, the sea of Corinth was drunk up by an earthquake, Lucania by the force of the water was broken off from Italy, and got a new name; Sicily saith 
l A●…ol. c. 39  Tertullian, the sea gave unto the 
m Aelian. Var. Hist. p. 455.  earth the Island Rhodes; Pliny 
n l. 2. c. 89 91.  mentions divers places, Islands long since, but in his time adjoined to the Continent, and the sea hath devoured many Towns and Cities, that were anciently inhabited; that Vallis Silvestris as the Latin translation renders, Gen. 14. 3. or of Siddim, i. e. Laboured fields, as 'tis in Hebrew, was certainly a veil of slime-pits in the days of Abraham and Lot, ver. 10. which very place about four hundred years after, was a sea, the salt sea, ver. 3. Between Thera and Therasia an Island suddenly appeared, saith 
o Chro. Anno 46  Eusebius, and the sea perhaps hath broken into some places, and of one made a double Island; all Ages and Nations tell of the water and the Earth, how they gain one from the other: and thus some 
p Versteg. c. 4. Lamb. Peramb. p 18.  have conjectured, that our Britain since the flood, was one Continent with France, for the distance between them, at Calais and Dover is but small, about twenty four miles, and the cliffs on both sides are like each other, for length and matter, equally chalk and flinty, as if art, or sudden violence had made an even separation. Thence Hollinshead writes confidently, because Lions and wild Bulls were formerly in this Island, that it was not cut from the main by the great deluge of Noah, but long after; for none would replenish 
Chron. ●…. part. p. 225.  a Country with such creatures for pastime and delight.  
And if these be no more but conjectures that America was once united to the other world, or but a little divided from it, time and the sea two insatiable devourers have made the gap wider: But the question is not in what age, before, or since the Incarnation of our Lord the Jews took their long journey, and planted there; but how the way was passable for them: Malvenda 
q Ibid.  speaks confidently that they might come into Tartary, and by the deserts into Grotland, on which side America is open; and Mr Brerewood 
r In Io. de Laet. p. 126.  assures us that the North part of Asia is possessed by Tartars, and if it be not one Continent with America, as some suppose▪ yet doubtless they are divided by a very narrow channel, because there be abundance of Bears, Lions, Tigers, and Wolves in the Land, which surely men would not transport to their own danger and detriment, those greater 
s Ibid. p. 116.  beasts indeed are of strength to swim over Sea many miles, and this is generally observed of Bears: and 
t Ibid▪ & p. 25.  Herrera saith, the inhabitants of the West Indies came thither by land, for those Provinces touch upon the Continent of Asia, Africa, and Europe, though it be not yet fully discovered, how, and where the two worlds be conjoined, or if any sea do pass between them, they are straits so narrow, that beasts might easily swim, and men get over even with small vessels; Our Countryman Nich. Fuller 
u Miscellan. S●…cr. l. 2. c. 4.  gives in his suitable verdict for the facile passing into Columbina, so he calls it from the famous first discoverer, saying, from other places they might find several Islands not far distant each from other, and a narrow cut at last through which passengers might easily be conveyed; and Acosta 
w Hist▪ l. 7. c. 3: &. l. 1. c. 20.  tells that about Florida the land runs out very large towards the North, and as they say joins with the Scythique or Germane Sea; and after some other such mentionings, he concludes confidently, there is no reason or experience that doth contradict my conceit, that all the parts of the Earth be united and joined in some place or other, o●… at least, approach very near together, and that is his conclusive sentence. It is an indubitable thing, that the one world is continued, and joined with the other.   

CHAP. III:  
Answer to Question 2. How such a remnant should enpeople so great a part of the world.  
THE whole Country of Jewry, whence we would have it probable that the Americans came, is not above one hundred and sixty miles long, from 
a T. 3. Ep. p. 69  Dan to Beersheba, and the breadth is but sixty miles, from joppa to jordan, in St. Ieromes account, who knew it so well; and how some few Colonies, as it were removing from thence should multiply into such numbers, that so large a Country should be filled by them, is a scruple that hath troubled some considering men. America in the latitude of it is 
b Lerius. p. 169.  is four thousand miles; and Bishop Casa's 
c Ante p. hujus 24. n.  hath said already, that the Spaniards in his time had foraged and spoilt Countries longer than all Europe, and a great part of Asia; it seems incredible therefore that the Incommers, who were but few in comparison, as a little flock of Kids, should so marvellously spread into all the Western World; for the Americans before that Spanish devastation, filled all the Country. But this will not seem so difficult, if former examples be taken into consideration; 
d Versleg. p. 18●….  some have made special observation of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as had many children; 'tis much that Acosta 
e Hist. l. 6. c. 22  writes of one of the Inguas or Kings of Peru, that he had above three hundred sons and grandchilds; 'tis more that Philo Iud●…us 
f Qu. in Gen. & Comest. c. 37.  tells of Noah the Patriarch, who lived, he saith, to see twenty four thousand proceeding from him, all males, for women were not numbered. We use to say, Rome was not built in one day; and indeed Eutropius 
g Hist. l. 1.  speaking of the Empire of that City, saith, at first none was less, but in its increment it exceeded all others by many degrees, so that he who reads the story thereof, reads not the acts of one people, but of all Nations saith Florus 
h Prologue. ad l. 1 ; yea and Seneca 
i de Consolat ad Helu. c. 7.  looking on Rome in its minority, and her immense magnitude afterward, is amazed thereat; this one people saith he, how many Colonies did it send into all Provinces, he writes of numerous increases from other Cities also, as Athens and Miletus, but it will be nearer to our purpose to observe, how small the number of Israel was at his first descent into Egypt, how short a time they tarried there, what cruel ways were taken to stop their increase, and yet how much, and how marvellously they multiplied, and then it will not be strange, that a far greater number, in a longer time should or might grow into such vast multitudes. And for the first 'tis most certain, all the souls of the house of jacob which came into Egypt were seventy. Gen. 46. 27. 'tis true also, though not to all so manifest, that the time of their abode in Egypt was about two hundred and fifteen years, and not more; at first appearance indeed it seems to be otherwise, because we read, Exod. 12. 40. The sojourning of the children of Israel who dwelled in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years, but the Septuagints addition is here remarkable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. They dwelled in Egypt and in the Land of Canaan, they and their Fathers, four hundred and thirty years, and this is one of those thirteen mutations that the seventy Interpreters made; when at King Ptolomes' appointment they translated the Scripture into Greek, which they said was done rightly by them, for Israel was indeed in Egypt but two hundred and ten years, which collection they make from 
k Ben. G●…r. p▪  the numeral letters of that speech of jacob. Gen. 42. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and there be many impressions in the Scripture, evidencing that their abode in Egypt was according to this computation. Saint Paul first taught this high point of Chronology, where and how the account must begin, namely at the time when the promise was made to Abraham, for the Law was four hundred and thirty years after, Gal. 3. 16, 17. God bidding Abraham get out of his own country, etc. Gen. 12. 1. makes a Covenant with him, ver. 2. 3. and Abraham was then seventy five years old, ver. 4. Isaac is borne twenty five years after, Gen. 21. 5. Jacob's birth is sixty years after that, Gen. 25. 26. jacob was one hundred and thirty years old when he went down into Egypt, Gen. 47. 28. which together make two hundred and fifteen years, and two hundred and fifteen years after they came all out of Egypt; for when the four hundred and thirty years were expired, even the self same day departed all the Hosts of the Lord out of the land of Egypt, Exod. 12. 41. The computation of Suidas 
l I●… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
l 

Suidas thus computes the four hundred and thirty years of Israel's being in Egypt, and the land of Canaan: From Abraham's going into Char●…an to Isaac's birth, years 25  
Thence to Jacob's Nativity. 60  
From him to Levi. 87  
From Levi to Caath. 45  
From Caath to Amram. 63  
From Amram to Moses. 70  
From Moses to their Exodus, and going out. 80  
Sum 430 years▪    in the margin is consonant hereunto; and how these seventy in the space of two hundred & fifteen years did increase, is next to be declared, which is also plainly expressed, ver. 37. They took their journey from Ramese to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, beside children, so great a multiplication of so few in so short a time, may easily convince the possibility of a far greater augmentation from a beginning so vastly different, and the continuance so much surmounting. The Spaniards first coming into America was about the year one thousand four hundred and ninety: the great dispersion of the Jews immediately after our Saviour's death at the destruction of jerusalem, was more than fourteen hundred years before, and their former importation into the City of the Medes was seven hundred and forty years before that; if therefore upon either of the scatter of that Nation, two thousand or fourteen hundred years, or less than either number be allowed for the increase of those that were very many before, such multitudes will not be miraculous: besides, in all that time no foreign power did break in among them; there were thence no transplantations of Colonies, no wars did eat up the inhabitants, but such light battles as they were able to manage among themselves, in all that long time they did increase and multiply without any extraordinary diminution, till that incredible havoc which was made by the Spanish invasions and cruelties.   

CHAP. IU.  
Answer to the third Quaere, about their becoming so barbarous.  
IF such a passage through Tartary, or some other Country for them were granted, and the probability of so numerous multiplication acknowledged, the persuasion will not yet be easy, that Jews should ever become so barbarous, horrid and inhuman, as books generally relate of these Americans.  
Villagagno 
a Ler. Hist. pray p. 8.  writing of the Brasilians to Master Calvin, speaks as if he had been uncertain at first whether he were come among beasts in an humane shape, so stupid he found them and sottish beyond imagination: But here every reader may take occasion to bemoan the woeful condition of mankind, and into what rude, gross, and unmanlike barbarities we run headlong, if the goodness of God prevent us not.  
We marvel at the Americans for their nakedness, and man-devouring, we cannot believe the Jews should be given over to such barbarity: But in our own Nation the Inhabitants were anciently as rude and horrid, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Herodian, the Britons 
In Seu. p. 83.  knew not the use of apparel, lest their clothing should hide the several forms and figures of beasts and other creatures which they paint, and imprint upon their bodies; and Hierome saith, when he was a young man, he 
T. 2. Ep. p. 75.  saw the Scots, Gentem Britannicam humanis vesci carnibus, and that even here of old were Anthropophagis, is averred 
Lib. 6. Geor l. 4.  by Diodorus Siculus, and Strabo. And to what hath been said of the Jews formerly, shall here be added.  
It seems strange to us if they be Jews, they should forget their religion, and be so odiously idolatrous, although after so many years; but, if the Scripture had not spoken it, could it have been believed of this very people, that they should fall so often into such foul offences, as, if circumstances be considered, have no parallel. Israel, when but newly delivered out of Egypt, by many signs and wonders, with several evident and miraculous impressions of God's Majesty and power; yet in six month's space all is forgotten, they make unto themselves a God of their own, attributing unto it all their deliverance, and say, These be thy Gods O Israrael which brought thee out of the land of Egypt. Exod. 32. 4. which base Idol of theirs had not it's nothing, till they were all come out safe thence; who can sufficiently wonder that those very people who saw and heard those terrible things mentioned, Exod. 19, & 20. which forced them to say but a while before to Moses, Talk thou with us, and we will hear, but let not God talk with us, lest we die, Exod. 20. 19 Yea God himself seems to admire at this, and for this to disowne them, telling Moses, Thy people which thou hast brought out of the land of Egypt, they are soon turned out of the way, etc. Exod. 32. 8. It may seem past belief any of Jacob's race should be so unnatural as to devour one another, as is frequent among these Indians; and would it not be as much beyond credit, if the Scripture of truth, Dan. 10. 21. had not asserted it, that these sons of jacob in former times when they had Priests and Prophets among them, and the remembrance of God's justice and mercy was fresh in their minds, That they should then offer their sons and daughters unto devils, Psal. 106. 36. as they did in the valley of Hinnom, 2 King 23. 10. smiting 
b Hier. in loc.  on the Tabrets while their children were burning, that their cry could not be heard; 'tis not impossible therefore that the Jews should be again overwhelmed with such savagenesses and inhumanity; nor improbable neither, if to what hath been said three other things be added. 1. The threats of God against them upon their disobedience, Deut. 28. where be words and curses sufficient to portend the greatest calamity that can be conceived to fall upon the nature of man, as hath already been in several things declared; and M. Paris 
c Ubi supra.  so answers the objection, that the Tartars are not Jewish, because they know nothing of Moses Law, nor righteousness, etc. If when Moses was alive, saith he, they were so stubborn and rebellious, and went after other Gods, they may be now much more prodigiously wicked, even as these Americans, being unknown to other people, confounded also in their language and life, and God so revenging their abominations. 2. The ten Tribes in their own land were become extremely barbarous, renouncing all almost they had received from Moses, Ezek. 36. 17. & 2 King. 17. their captivity is mentioned, and the sinful cause thereof, more than abominable Idolatries; and they were not only guilty of wicked, but even of witless impieties: God forbade them to walk after the customs of the Nations, Deut. 4. 8. and yet, as the Heathen in all their Cities, they built high places, making Images and groves upon every high hill, and under every green tree, and made their sons and daughters to pass through the fire, using witchcraft and enchantment, etc. 2 King. 17. 8, 9 This was their religion and wisdom while they were in their own Country, and they were no better in the land of their captivity; for it may be, they had not there the books of the Law, nor any Prophets among them, because 'tis said again and again, They left the commandments of their God. And if it seem unlikely, that the Jews being in America should lose the Bible, the Law, and ceremonies, then let the Prophecy of Hosea be remembered, where 'tis foretold, that the children of Israel shall remain many days without a King, and without a Prince, and without a Sacrifice, and without an Ephod, and without a Teraphim, Hose. 3. 4. Yea and before that time there was a lamentable defection of religion in Israel.  
While they were in their own land, for a long season they were without the true God, and without a reading Priest, and without Law, 2 Chron. 15. 3. yea and as chrysostom 
d Chrisost. in 1 Cor. 2. m. p. 218.  affirms that the Book of Deuteronomy had been lost along time among Christians, and was lately recovered from dust and rubbish a little before his days; so 'tis most certain that in josiahs' reign, Hilkiah the Priest found the Book of the Law in the House of the Lord, which when the King heard read unto him, he was astonished, as at a new and strange thing, and rend his clothes, 2 King, 22. 8. etc. and this was the Book of the law of the Lord given by Moses, 2 Chro. 34. 14. which was then little known or regarded among them, ver. 24, 25. etc. But thirdly, the stupor and dulness of Israel was even admirable, when our Saviour came into the world, for they give no credit to their own Prophets read in their Synagogues every Sabbath, the Shepherds publish what they received from the Angels concerning Christ, Luk. 2. 17. Simeon proclaims glorious things of Jesus, and they will not hear, ver. 25. Wise men came from the East to jerusalem enquiring and discoursing, but still they apprehend not; yea they shut their eyes against all the marvailes that Christ performed among them, such as would have convinced not only Tyre and Sidon, but even Sodom and Gomorrha: the heavenly Sermons of the Son of God wrought upon stones, harlots, publicans and sinners, but those Jews remain inflexible against all, and at his death they still continue feared and stupefied; the veil of the Temple is rend, the earth did quake, the stones were cloven asu nder, and the graves did open, but their hearts are shut up still; yea and at his resurrection there was a great earthquake, the Angel of the Lord comes down from heaven, his countenance is like lightning, for fear of him the keepers become as dead men, Christ riseth again in glory, and the watch show the High Priests all these things, they are hereupon convinced, but they will not be convinced; for they take counsel together, and with money hire the soldiers to say, the disciples stole away his body while they slept; if it be therefore well considered of what dark & darkened condition the Israelites were in these times, how many years have passed since, what means they have had to increase their rudeness and incivility, and irreligion; no way, commerce, or means left to reclaim them, it will not seem so strange if they be wholly barbarous, seeing also the vengeance of God lies hard and heavy upon them for their injustice done to his Son, nam crucifixerunt 
e In Io. Tr. 4.  salvatorem suum & fecerunt damnatorem suum, saith St. Austin, they crucified their Saviour, and made him their enemy and avenger. It is no marvel then, supposing the Americans to be Jews, that there be so few mentionings of Judaical rites and righteousness among them; it may be, and is, a wonderful thing rather, that any footstep or similitude of Judaisme should remain after so many ages of great iniquity, with most just divine displeasure thereupon, and no possibility yet discerned how they should recover, but manifest necessities almost of precipitation into further ignorance, grossness and impiety; the loss of which their customs and ceremonies, in so great a measure, in time may prove advantageous towards their conversion, seeing they cannot be obstinate maintainers of Mosaical Ordinances, the love and liking whereof and adhesion to them, was ever a prevailing obstacle to the knowing Jews, and that is a consideration tending directly to the last part, and particular, and will help, I trust, to encourage us who are already desirous, not to civilize only the americans, but even to Gospellize and make them Christian.    

Part Third.  
Humble desires to all, for hearty endeavours in all, to acquaint the Natives with Christianity.  

CHAP. I. To the Planters, and touching the cause of their removal hence.  
THis discourse will be directed to the English planted there, and ourselves at home; concerning the former, three or four things may be minded.  

1. 'Cause of their removal.  
2. Hope of the Natives conversion.  
3. Directions to it.  
4. Cautions, and some other additions.   
Deep considerations, without doubt, and mature, were in those that hence transplanted themselves into that other part of the world, but quo jure, by what right and title they could settle in a foreign land was surely none of their last inquiries. Io. Bodin 
a Meth. Hist. p. 522.  reckons five reasons why Colonies may be planted in other Regions. 1. Expulsion from their own native Country. 2. Increase of inhabitants upon a land. 3. Want of necessaries at home, and unseasonable times. 4. Desire to preserve and enlarge their own territories. 5. Favour to prisoners and captives. The ampliation of the Kingdom of Christ was expected here as a motive in vain; but I find it elsewhere among our Novangles, and it shall be mentioned in due place: for those are causes why men go out of their own land, but for the jus and right of settling in another they say nothing.  
When the Bishop De las Casas had set forth his tract 
Casas. p. 134. etc.  of the Spanish cruelties committed in the Indies, some guilty persons he supposeth suborned Doctor Sepulveda, the Emperor's Historian, to undertake their patronage, which he did in an elegant and rhetorical discourse, endeavouring to prove, that the Spanish wars against the Indians were just and lawful, and that they were bound to submit unto the Spaniards, as Idiots to the more prudent; but he could not obtain leave to print a book so irrational and unchristian.  
Their more plausible plea is, that Columbus was first employed by them to discover some of those parts; but the same offer was before tendered to this our Nation, and the King thereof; yea and the English were as early in that very design as the Portugese's, for our 
b Stow ad An. 1501, & 1502.  Chronicles show that Sebastian Gabat or Cabot, borne at Bristol, was employed by King Henry the seventh, and he with some London Merchants, adventured three or four ships into those Newfound lands, Anno one thousand four hundred ninety eight; and it cannot be doubted, but they had made some former sufficient experiments, before that their so confident engagement: Thence 'tis affirmed by others 
c Purchas. l. 4. c. 13. , that the English were there before Columbus, and about the year 
d Stow. Ibid.  one thousand five hundred and two, three of those Natives were brought unto the King, they were clothed in beasts skins, did eat raw flesh, spoke a language none could understand, two of those men were seen at the Court at Westminster two years after, clothed like Englishmen. But we of this Nation have yet a more ancient claim, three hundred years before Columbus, in the time of Henry the second, Anno Dom. one thousand one hundred and seventy; when Madoc ap Owen Gwineth did not only discover the Country, but ●…lanted in some part of Mexico, and left Monuments of the British language, and other usages, taken notice of by the Spaniands, since their arrival thither. Mr. Herbert 
e L. 3. p. 360.  in his travails doth not only remember this, but showeth it to have been mentioned by many worthy men of late, and ancient times, as Cynwic ap Greut, Meredith ap Rhice, Gul. Owen, Lloyd, powel, Hackluit, Davis, Broughton. And Purchas. l. 4. c. 13. p. 807.  
But yet more particularly, Dr Donne 
f Sermon to Virginia Planters. An. 1622. p. 20. 26.  allows that as a justifiable reason of men's removal from one place to another, public benefit; Interest Reipublicae ut re sua quis bene utatur, every one must use his private for the common good: and if a State may take order that every man improve what he hath for the benefit of the Nation where he lives, then, interest mundo, all mankind may every where, as far as it is able, advance the good of mankind in general, which not being done by the Natives there, others are bound, at least have liberty to interpose their endeavours, especially, when by divine providence one land swells with inhabitants, and another is disempeopled by mutual broils, infectious diseases, or the cruelty of Invaders, all which have helped to sweep away the Americans, while the English in the mean time did multiply in such manner and measure, as they could scarcely dwell one by another; and because man is commanded more than once to bring forth, multiply, and fill the earth, Gen. 1. 28. 9 1. he may well therefore, and justly look abroad, and if he find convenient and quiet habitation, he may call the name of that land Rehoboth, because the Lord hath made him room, Gen. 22. 26. That is also a lawful cause of settling in other lands, when a right therein is acquired by purchase, as Abraham bought of Ephron the field of Machpelah, Gen. 22. 17. And thus Paspehai 
h Declara. of Uirginia. p. 11.  one of the Indian Kings sold unto the English in Virginia land to inhabit and inherit; and when Mr Williams of late 
i M. Cott. ans. p. 27▪ etc.  called upon our Planters in New England to be humbled for making use of the King's Patents, for removing hence, and residing there, he is well answered among other things, that they had those lands from the Natives by way of purchase and free consent. Again, the Territories of strangers may be possessed upon the donation and fore-gift of the natural Inhabitants, as Abimelech said to Abraham, behold the land is before thee, dwell where it pleaseth thee, Gen. 20. 15. and Pharaoh said to joseph, in the land of Goshen let thy father and brethren dwell, Gen. 47. 5, 6. So in Virginia King 
k Declara. of Virgin. Ubi supra.  Powhatan desired the English to come from james Town, a place unwholesome, and take possession of another whole Kingdom, which he gave them; thus the surviving 
l Mr Cot. Ibid.  Indians were glad of the coming of the English to preserve them from the oppression of the next borderers; and surely divine providence making way, the care of improvement, the purchase from the Natives, their invitation and gift, some, or all these, may satisfy the most scrupulous in their undertaking, or else what will such our inquisitors say to maintain the right of their own inheritances? The English invaded the Britons the ancient inhabitants of this Island, and crowded them into the nook of Wales, themselves in the mean time taking possession of the fat of this Land; by what right, or by what wrong I dispute not, saith 
m Metrop. 129.  Crantzius; but such in those days were the frequent emigrations of people to seek out new habitations.  
To these that other expression of the eloquent Deane 
n Ibid:  may be added, accepistis potestatem, you have your Commissions, your Patents, your Charters, your Seal from that sovereign power upon whose acts any private subject in civil matters may rely; and though our forenamed Countryman seemeth to slight the Patent of New-England, as containing matter of falsehood and injustice, that 
o Ib. Mr Cott.  imputation also is sufficiently removed by Mr Cotton in that his answer before mentioned. And yet further, the desire and endeavour to plant Christianity there, will fortify the former reasons, and sufficiently vindicate the transplantation of people, this 
p Ibid.  seals the great seal saith that Doctor, authorizeth authority, and justifies justice itself, and Christians may have learned this from our dear Master Christ, who coasted the Country, and crossed the seas 
q Ser. 16. init  saith Chrysologus, not to satisfy humane curiosity, but to promote man's salvation; not to see diversities of ●…ces, but to seek, and find, and save lost mankind. And if such be the aim of our Nation there, we may with more comfort expect and enjoy the externals of the Indians, when we pay them our spirituals, for their temporals, an easy and yet most glorious exchange, the salvation of the savages, to the hope of the one, the like sound of the other may give encouragement; but that is the next consideration.   

CHAP. II. Hope of the Natives conversion.  
SAint Paul enforced himself to preach the Gospel where Christ was not yet named, Rom. 15. 20. such is the condition of that forlorn Nation, a good subject to work upon, and if so good an end be propounded, the success by divine blessing will be answerable: and though the Country hath been known more than a Century of years to Christians, yet those that came first among them, minded nothing less than to make them such. Benzo 
a Benzo. p. 76. 77. possimqu●….  relates abundantly how the Spaniards laid the foundation of their endeavours in blood, their Friars and religious persons at first instigating them thereto. That Christian King indeed gave them leave to subdue the Cannibals, but they destinate all the Nations to bitter bondage, proceeding therein with so much rigour and severity, that the Dominicans are constrained at length to complain thereof to the Pope Paul the third, imploring from him a Bull for the reinfranchisement of the Indians, which they obtained, and brought into ●…aine, and presented it to Charles the fifth, who made them free to the grief and loss of some of the Grandees, whose wealth and grandour consisted most in slaves; they were most prodigiously libidinous 
b Id. p. 11. etc.  also, contracting upon themselves most foul and pernicious diseases, that loathsome lust first brought into this world, the filthy and infectious contagion, now so much spoken of. Their covetousness was notorious also, the Indians scorned them for it, and for their sakes abominated the name of Christianity; and when they took any 
c Id. p. 100 104. 248. etc.  of the Spaniards, they would bind their hands, cast them upon their backs, and pour gold into their mouths, saying, Eat, O Christians, eat this gold: Yea their lives were generally so odious, and opposite to godliness, that the same writer professeth, their scandalous conversation deterred the Americans from the Gospel; they did indeed teach some children of their Kings and Nobles, to read, and write, and understand the principles of Christianity, which they acknowledged to be good, and wondered that the Christians themselves so little practised them; and thus one of them bespoke a 
d Id. ibid. etc.  Spaniard, O Christian thy God forbids thee to take his name in vain, and yet thou swearest upon every light occasion, and forswearest; your God saith, you shall not bear false witness, and you do nothing else almost but slander, and curse one another; your God commands you to love your neighbour as yourself, but how are the poor injured by you? how do you cast them into prison, and fetters, that are not able to pay their debts? and you are so far from relieving needy Christians, that you send them to our cottages for alms, spending your means and time in dice, thefts, contentions, and adulteries: He tells also of an Indian Prince, that was very apt and ingenious, he attained to a very good measure of learning and knowledge in religion, and was hopeful above others in both; but about the thirtieth year of his age, he deceived the expectation of friends, and became extremely debauched and impious, and being blamed for his bad change, his excuse was, since I became a Christian I have learned all this, to swear by the name of God, to blaspheme the holy Gospel, to lie, to play at dice; I have gotten a sword also to quarrel, and that I may be a right Christian indeed, I want nothing but a concubine, which I intent also shortly to bring home to my house; And Benzo further adds, when himself reprehended an Indian for dicing and blaspemy 
e Id. p. 251. , he was presently answered, I learned this of you Christians, etc. And if it be said, Benzo was an Italian, and lays the more load upon the Spaniards, as no friend to that Nation, Bartholomeus de las Casas 
f Casas. p. 27. 101. 115.  one of their own, and a Bishop also, is as liberal in telling their faults, as hath been in part mentioned already; the Natives indeed are capable and docible, but these other took no care to lead them unto godliness, either by word or example; but this, saith that Spanish Bishop, was the manner of their gospelizing them; In the night they published their edict, saying, O ye Caciques and Indians of this place, which they named, we let you all know, that there is one God, one Pope, one King of Castille, who is the Lord of these lands, come forth therefore presently and do your homage, and show your obedience to him; so in the fourth watch of the night the poor Indians dreaming of no such matter, men women and children were burnt in their houses together: He affirmeth again, they regarded no more to preach the Gospel of Christ to the Americans, than if they had been dogs, and their souls to perish with their bodies; he tells further of one Colmenero, who had the soule-care of a great City, being asked what he taught the Indians committed to his charge, his answer was, he cursed them to the Devil; and it was sufficient if he said to them, per signin santin cruces, by the sign of the holy cross. The Spanish instruction then, it is evident, was the Natives destruction, and not so much a plantation as a supplantation, not a conscientious teaching, but a Lion-like rather devouring of souls; their errors may warn and rectify us, yea and sharpen our edge, seeing these poor Indians be not indocible, and shall be converted; and be they Jews or Gentiles, as there is much rudeness and incivility among them, so many hopeful things have been observed of them; and as Aristotle said of the humane soul at its first immission, it was a new planed table, The Americans in like manner saith P. Martyr 
g p. 100 104▪ , are capable, and docible, mindelesse of their own ancient rites, readily believing and rehearsing what they be taught concerning our faith; Acosta 
h Hist. l. 6. c. 1.  declares them not only to be teachable, but in many things excelling many other men, and that they have among them some politic principles admired by our wisest statists; their natural parts and abilities were visible in that their whale-catching and conquest mentioned 
i Epist. before.  already, yea they are saith Benzo 
k p. 32▪ 444. , very apt to imitate the fashion of the Christians; if we kneel at our devotion, they will kneel also; if we reverently lift up our hands or eyes at prayer, they will do the like: Lerius 
l Prefat. p. 38.  writeth several observable things, of their aptness and capacity, that they be quickly sensible of their own blindness, easily deterred from lying and stealing; they told us, 
m Id. p. 221. 225.  saith he, that very long ago, they could not tell how many Moons since, one came among them clothed and bearded like unto us, endeavouring to persuade us unto another kind of Religion, but our Ancestors would not then hear; and if we should now forsake our old usages, all our neighbours would scorn and deride us; he found them of tenacious memories, if they hear but 
n Id. 230. 248. 301. etc.  once one of our names, they forget them no more: and as he walked in the woods upon a time with three of those Brasilians, his heart was stirred up to praise God for his works, it was in the spring of the year, and he sang the hundred and fourth Psalm, one of them desired to know the reason of his joy, which when he had mentioned, with the meaning also of the Prophet, the Indian replied, Oh Mayr, so they call the French, how happy are you that understand so many secret things, that are hidden from us! And when the Natives of Virginia 
o Cap Smith. p. 11.  heard Mr Harriot speak of the glory of the great God, showing them his book, the Bible, many of them touched it with gladness, kissed, and embraced it, held it to their breasts, and heads, and stroaked their bodies all over with it, and in 
p Book of that Planta. Anno 1632. p. 12.  Guiens they desired Captain Leigh to send into England for instructors, and one of them was so well taught, that he professed at his death, he died a Christian, a Christian of England. But the 
q Treatises thereof.  Sunrising of the Gospel with the Indians in New England, with the breaking forth of further light among them, and their enquiry after the knowledge of the world's Saviour, etc. hath been abundantly discovered by our Brethren there of late, to our very great rejoicing, and for the encouragement of them and others. To what hath been said, let me add what some 
r Malvenda ubi supra. p. 150.  suppose they read foretold concerning the Americans access to Christ, out of Philip. 2. 10. At the name of jesus every knee shall bow, of things in heaven, things on earth, and things under the earth, i. e. Heavenly things, Saints already converted, earthly, such of the known world as the Apostles were then labouring to Gospellize, under the earth, that is, the Americans which are as under us, and as Antipodes to us, and live as it were under, beneath, in the lower parts of the world; for it is not like he should speak of the corporally dead, their bodies not being under, but rather in the earth, & inferi, infernus, do not always mean Hell, and the place of the damned, but the regions as under us sometimes, that be opposite to us, as that Epistle, said to be brought by a wind from the upper to the nether world, had those words first, Superi inferis salutem, we above the earth wish health to them under it; and thus the captive Indians 
s Cap. Smith. p. 63.  told the English Planters: We therefore seek your destruction, because we hear you are a people come under the world to take our world from us. Others find their conversion praefigured in that threat, Mat. 25. 30. Cast the unprofitable servant into utter darkness, those tenebrae exteriores, outward darknesses 
t Barradus. T. 2. l. 8. c. 4.  are regiones exterae, the outer and foreign nations in the judgement of Remigiu●…; and some conceive the same to be fore-signified by the Prophet Obadiah, ver. 20. The captivity of jerusalem shall possess the Cities of the South. i e. of America, so situate, or, the dry cities, that Country being much under the Torrid Zone; Acosta 
u De nat. Nou. O●…b. l. 1. c. 15.  confidently applieth thus this text, as some others do that of Esa. 66. 19 Fredericus Lumnius 
w p. 85. 93. etc.  in his book De vicinitate extremi judicii, finds or makes divers other Scriptures look this way, upon that ground, three sorts of people should be in the Church of Christ at several times, Jews formerly, Christians now, and these Indians afterwards; he citeth Hilary thus understanding that parable of the talents, the possessor of five is the Jew, he that had two talents is the Gentile, then known, he that received one, a people all carnal and stupid; and according to this triple time of the Church, and order of believers, he expoundeth other Scriptures, Zach. 13. 8. Mat. 13. 3. and the three Watches, Luk. 12. 38. and craving pardon of his rashness, or rather fidei nescientis mensuram suam, of his faith not knowing its own measure, he further allegorizeth the former parable, The Jews had one Talon, the ancient and present Christians two, Law and Gospel, and the servant to whom five Talents were given, by which he gained other five, is the Indian and American nation, last in time converted, and called after others into the vineyard; but it shall be more abundant in obeying the Gospel, more fervent in charity, more zealous of good works, and therefore Malvenda 
x Malvenda ubi supra. P. 154.  will have those to be the dry Cities before mentioned out of Obad. ver. 20. Because they shall so much thirst after the Gospel; for that younger sister of the four, saith 
y Ho. Sta. p. 194.  one of her friends in this England, is now grown marriageable, and daily hopes to get Christ to her husband by the preaching of the Gospel. Comines 
z Hist. l. 1.  said of the English that they were much addicted to, and taken with Prophecies and predictions, I believe that is incident to all Nations, Some even among these have foretold of the mutation of their rites, and religion, as hath been mentioned, and in reference to their Gospelizing 
a Herbert's sacr. Poems, p. 1●…0.  a divine and prophetical Poet hath printed his thoughts hereof in several particulars.  

Religion stands on tiptoe in our land,  
Ready to pass to the American strand;  
When height of malice, and prodigious lusts,  
Impudent sinning, witchcrafts, and distrusts,  
The marks of future bane, shall fill our cup  
Unto the brim, and make our measure up;  
When Sein shall swallow Tiber, and the Thames  
By letting in them both pollute her streams;  
When Italy of us shall have her will,  
And all her Calendar of sins fulfil,  
Whereby one may foretell what sins next year  
Shall both in France and England domineer,  
Then shall Religion to America flee,  
They have their times of Gospel even as we:  
My God, thou dost prepare for them a way,  
By carrying first from them their gold away,  
For gold and grace did never yet agree,  
Religion always sides with poverty;  
We think we rob them, but we think amiss,  
We are more poor, and they more rich by this;  
Thou wilt revenge their quarrel, making grace  
To pay our debts, and leave our ancient place,  
To go to them, while that, which now their Nation  
But lends to us, shall be our desolation, etc.   
Here is a sad prognosticke for this England, but a joyful calculation for America, longing, thirsting America; and if such be their ripeness and desire, we should also make haste to satisfy them, The harvest there is great, and the Regions are already white thereto; the laborours' indeed are few, 'tis more than time that the Lord of the harvest were more earnestly entreated to send, to thrust forth labourers into this Harvest: they that have gone into those parts have not all had a care of this, the harvest of souls. It was indeed the profession of Villagagno, and the purpose surely of Peter Richiers, and Will. Charter Pastors, and others from Geneva, Anno, one thousand five hundred fifty six, to publish the Gospel there, and they were very serious therein, yea and Lerius, 
b Lerius. p. 62. 300. 33●….  one of them, believes they had been successful also, if that Apostate Governor had not become a most cruel persecutor of the Reformed Religion in that strange land, where he most barbarously mutthered three of those his own Country men, and the aforesaid Lerius piously took care that their Martyrdom should be commemorated by Io. Crispin in his History; and though these were not so happy in that holy attempt, others have not been, will not be discouraged in such a work; a work worthy of the choicest diligence of those that profess the glorious Gospel in sincerity, who have had also many and manifold experiments of divine favour in their several preservations, directions, and accommodations; and because their friends (with praise to God, and thanks to them for what is done and declared already) desire to know more of those their pious and blessed endeavours, Let me add a third consideration, Wishes of furtherance and direction in such great and gracious employments, which shall be, I hope, and pray, as a spur to more able advisers to bring in every one somewhat or other towards the erecting of a Tabernacle for our God in America.   

CHAP. III. Directions towards the conversion of the Natives.  
SOme give violent counsel here, presuming they find it in that parable, Luk. 14. 23. compel them to come in; but judicious 
a In loc.  Austin calls this Amoris, non timoris tractum, not a force of fear, but of love, producing the example of a sheep following the shepherd holding a green bough in his hand; and 'tis the sentence of a serious Historian 
b Agathias. l. 1.  among the Gentiles, such are worthy of pity not hatred, that err from the truth, for they do it not willingly, but being mistaken in judgement, they adhere to their first received opinions; and the Saints in the first times never thought outward compulsion a fit mean to draw on inward assent. The Evangelicall Prophet foretold this, They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain saith the Lord, Esa. 65 last. And our most dear Lord himself saith, The son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them, Luk. 9 56. Saint james derives the pedigree of that wisdom which hath bitter envying and strife, though it be but in heart, though it may rejoice and think highly of itself, yet its parentage is from that Cerberus of iniquity, the world, the flesh, and the devil, Jam. 3. 15. But regenerated Saints delight surely in that wisdom which is from above, and that is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy, etc. Jam. 3. 17. Full of mercy, no room therefore for violence and cruelty; and the holy men of the next ages were children of this wisdom. 'Tis not Religion, saith Tertullian 
c Ad Scap. init. , to compel Religion, which ought to be introduced by persuasion, not force; for even sacrifices of old were expostulated from willing minds; our Church hath nothing to do with murder, and bonds. 
d Apolog. 2. p. 300. 450.  Athanasius never committed any man to a Gaoler, saith he himself in his Apology; and again, the truth is not to be preached with swords, and darts, and Armies, but by reason and Arguments, which find no place among them whose contradiction is requited with suffering, banishment, and death: the Ancient Christians abound with mentionings of this kind; It is said indeed of 
e Crantz. l. 1. c. 7. l. 2.  Charles the great, that conquering the Saxons, he commanded them to embrace Christianity, and that he dealt in such a manner with the Hungarians, and some others; yea and though there be that speak the like of Constantine, yet Eusebius 
f De Vit. Const. l. 2. c. 55.  writeth confidently, he wished all, commanded no man to be a Christian, and for this Orosius 
g Hist. p. 100  commends him, that he shut up the Pagan Temples, but offered no violence to men's persons. The Devil indeed, because he is no friend to truth, comes with axes and hatchets, but our Saviour is gentle, and with a sweet voice saith, Open unto me my sister, my love, etc. Cant. 5. 2, 5. and if they open, he enters, if not, he departeth, saith Athanasius in the forecited place.  
Four things did especially assist in the first coverting of people to Christ, besides those miraculous helps; and if they be now conscientiously practised, God will show himself mervellous in his blessing. 1. Language, the necessity thereof was visible in those cloven tongues as of fire, the history whereof we read Act. 2. 1. etc. Men must learn the speech of the Natives, that dealing by Interpreters must needs be difficult, tedious, and not so successful; Meinardus 
h Triparti●…. t. 10. c. 5.  of old first gained the tongue of the Livonians, and then became an happy instrument of their conversion; and 
i Vit. per G. Patriark.  chrysostom did the like with the Scythians; and the French Colony 
k Ep. p. 439.  propounded and promised the same course at their first planting in America, as they certified Mr Calvin in their letters; and the English in 
l Cap. Smith. ●… p. 20. 37. etc.  Virginia labouring to bring the Natives to Christianity, were woefully impeded therein by the ignorance of their language, which defect in themselves they did both acknowledge and bewail. 2. Labouring in the word was required and practised, Mat. 28. Act. 20. 18. and passim Preachers should be appointed with all diligence to instruct the Indians; for men are begotten to Christ by the word of truth, Jam. 1. 18. The Iberians 
m Sozem. l. 2. c. 6.  received the first inkling of the gospel by a Christian maid-servant that was a captive among them; and they sent afterwards unto Constantine the Emperor for Preachers; the old Indian told the Spanish priest 
n Hist l. 6. c. 25  complaining of their averseness to the Gospel, The laws of Christ we confess are better than ours, but we cannot learn them for want of teachers, wherein he spoke the truth, the very truth saith Acosta, to our very shame and confusion. 3. The piety and holiness of those Apostolical Christians was exceeding and exemplary, by which as well as by their preaching they wooed and won Kingdoms and people to Christianity; their enemies could find no other fault in them, but that that they were Christians: our dear Masters general command was universally practised, the light of their holy lives did shine to God's glory, and the benefit of others; thus Victor Vticensts 
o p. 388.  showeth that Caprapicta was converted as well by the piety and godliness, as by the preaching of the Africans; as on the other side the impiety of the Spaniards deterred the Americans from the Gospel. 4. Blessing was fetched down from heaven by prayer, this was their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their only work in a manner, prayer and ministration of the word, Act. 6. 4. Thus 
p l. 7. c. 30.  Socrates reporteth, that after seven days fasting and supplication the Burgundians were Christianized; so Crantzius 
q Ubi supra. p. 16.  tells of those northern Nations that by prayer and preaching they prevailed to bring many other people to Christ: If men do now work with these tools, the building will go up a pace, the foundation being laid in the honour of God by the conversion of those that yet remain in the shadow of death; in all which some furtherance might be found, by knowing and observing the dispositions, fashions, and customs of the Natives, which would also in a good measure be understood by serious converses with them, and by several books that from several places upon several occasions have been written of them; and to all let be added studious industry, that some Indian children be taught Christianity, and trained up to such abilities that they may have skill to instruct their own Country men.  
It was Gregory's counsel to further the conversion of 
Lib. 5. Ep. 10.  our Countrymen here, they should buy English children and youths of seventeen or eighteen years, that might be educated in God's service, and helpful this way. The Franciscan that had been so many years among them, and learned two of their languages, and used much diligence in this work in his way, told Benzo 
r Benzo. p. 256. , that of necessity such a course must be taken to Gospellize them, all other endeavours would be fruitless and labour in vain; and that writer 
s Id. p. 390.  showeth how those of Peru were well contented to deliver their young ones to be taught in Christianity; and surely their Fathers and Countrymen would sooner listen unto them than unto strangers. And in all these the good counsel of the holy Apostle must be remembered, walk wisely toward them which are without, Colos. 4. 5. not only in watchfulness and care to prevent all dangers from them, but in the most pious wisdom of winning souls, Prov. 11. 30. by setting before them in practice also the examples of every grace and virtue, with the perfect hatred of all vice and ungodliness; and let me have favour here to commend 3 or 4 cautions.   

CHAP. IV. Cautions.  
1. TAke heed and beware of cruelty, the God of mercy hates nothing so much, saith 
a In Math▪ 16.  Theophilact as unmercifulness; the badge of Christ is clemency, his livery love; by this it shall be known that you are my Disciples, saith our dear Master himself, if ye love one another, Io●…. 13. 35. Other men's followers were known by their garments and colours, but charity and love made the first Christian's famous over all the old heathen world, but in the new World the Spaniards die was not so black as bloody, and the Indians called them 
b Casas. p. 66.  Yares, i. e. devils, so little humanity, as they conceived, was visible among them. The same Bishop, when he made an whole book of the Spanish cruelties which he saw executed by them on the Indians, protesteth it was his opinion, that he scarce mentioned one of a thousand of their tyrannies; 
p. 35.  and more than once or twice he averreth, that they always grew from bad to worse, and exceeded themselves 
p. 34. 99  in their diabolical doings. Nothing is more odious to this day than their name in those Countries; for where ever the spanish Christians displayed their banners saith Benzo 
c p. 11. , they imprinted upon the Natives by their horrid cruelties, eternal monuments of implacable hatred towards them; but the fair, civil, and gentle deportment of our Nation to the Natives, hath already won much upon them, as is acknowledged by a 
d Io. d●… Laet. Descr. Amer. pref.  foreign pen.  
2. Take heed and beware of covetousness, 'tis our sweet Saviour's own ingeminated command, Luk. 12. 15. happy shall the Natives be, and we also, if they find our conversation without covetousness, Heb. 13. 5. that they may see and say, the Englishmen seek not ours, but us, and us, not to make us slaves to themselves, but fellow servants to Christ our common Master; they saw the Spaniards so guilty of this 
e Casas. p. 2●….  evil, that they conceived them to adore no other God but gold, the observation of which fetched from 
f p. 118.  Benzo that pious exoptation, I wish to God, saith he, we were no more addicted to earthly things than they, the name of Christian would be glorious were it not for our covetousness; the Spaniards indeed tell fair stories, some of them, as if their sole desire had been to Christianize the Natives, when indeed all their endeavour was to satisfy their lust and avarice; and Acosta 
g Hist. l. 4▪ c. 2.  himself cannot deny but that his Countrymen did commit many great outrages for gold and silver; but where those metals were not to be found, they made no stay, continued not in such places; and▪ Benzo 
h p. 204.  is large in producing their frequent and sudden removes upon this occasion, and he tells that the Bracamorians are unsubdued by the Spaniards to this day, not so much because they are a warlike people in their kind, but especially by reason of their poverty and indigence.  
3. Take heed and beware of complying with them in any of their rites and ceremonies, if we intent they should indeed come out of Egypt, let not an hoof be left, as Exod. 10. 25. let them have Christian religion purely, without blinding or blending; the wisdom of the flesh must not here be heard▪ we must listen to no other but the counsel of the Spirit. It was 
l Ep. before s●…rm. in Jona.  good advice the godly Bishop and martyr Hooper gave to King Edward the sixth and his honourable privy Councillors, As ye have taken away the Mass from the people, so take from them her feathers also, the Altar, vestments, and such like as apparelled her: there hath not doubtless, been any one thing so powerful in begetting and maintaining doctrinal quarrels in Christendom, as the unhappy complication with nations and people in some of their supposed tolerable rites at their first approaching to Christianity; the Pagans of old, saith Rhenanus 
m In Tertul. p. 103. , were relieved by the mutation of some things in their religion, whose universal abolition had irritated, if not totally scared them from us; and Acosta 
n Hist. l. 6. c. 28  concurres with him in this matter, even in reference to the Indians: How this policy prevailed at first in the Church was long ago observed, and it became the lamentation of latter times, when men were more tenacious of humane superstructures, than of the fundamentals laid by Jesus Christ, the shell and shadow of Gentile ceremony is yet more carefully hunted after by the Man of Rome, than the most solid and substantial truths of the Gospel; pity it is, that sense and eyedazlelings should prevail more than divine verities, that abundance of good things should breed surfeits, and yet it will ever be thus, where there is want of care and spiritual exercise at home, and but cold endeavours to promote piety and godliness abroad.  
4. Take heed and beware of all and every ungodliness, not only for your own sakes, but that the sweet name of our God be not blasphemed among the Nations, Rom. 2. 24. Holy examples are a nearer way to righteousness than verbal precepts and instructions; the Indians may, even without the word, be won to the truth by a godly conversation, as St. Peter speaketh in the like case, 1 Pet. 3. 1. a corrupt life is a violent argument persuading to evil; the Americans were scared from Christianity by the scandalous iniquities of the Spaniards.  
The evil example of one ungodly Christian did more hinder the Indians conversion, than an hundred of their religious could further it, * he saith it, who saw what 
Cas. c●…ud. Hi●…▪ p. 116.  he spoke, for they are verily persuaded that of all the Gods in the world, the Spaniards God is the worst, because he hath such abominable and wicked servants. 
Id. ibid.  Benzo 
i l. 2. c. 16.  tells of a confabulation himself had with an old Indian, who in serious discourse said unto him, O Christian! what kind of things be Christians, they exact Mayz, Honey, Silk, an Indian woman for a concubine, they require gold and silver, Christians will not work, they dice, blaspheme, etc. when I replied, evil Christians only do such things, not such as be good, his answer was ready, but where are those good Christians? I could never yet see one of them; and not this American only, but a Franciscan Friar publicly affirmed, that not a Priest, nor Monk, not Bishop in all India, was worthy of the name of a good man; Didacus Lopez 
k Benzo. p. 257.  in his Epistle to the Bishop of Guattimala, saith, the Christians were so prodigiously wicked, that they were odious not only to heaven and Angels, but even to the earth, and devils; do you believe saith he, the Indians will become Christians, when yourselves are not so but in name only, and in title? surely those silly nations will sooner be persuaded to good by the example of one day's conversation, than by an whole years preaching; for to what purpose do we strew among the people odoriferous roses with ou●… tongues and language, if we sting and vex them in the mean time with the thorns of our wicked doings.  
But our Country men take care to follow the aforementioned injunction of the holy Apostle, Col. 4. 5. they walk righteously, or as in our old English it was, in right wiseness, so they called righteousness, towards them without; and so their charter on earth, as well as those letters patents from Heaven, wills that the English be so religiously, peaceably, and civilly governed, as their good life and orderly conversation may win and inci●…e the Natives of the Country to the knowledge and obedience of the only true God and Saviour of mankind, and the christian faith, which in our regal 
Charter.  intention and the Adventurers free profession, is the principal end of this plantation.  
And let these words be understood, as awakenings to those of our Nation there, and ourselves also, that we all labour mutually, and from our hearts, to propagate the Gospel there, because we, who eat every man of his own vine, and of his own figtree, and drink every man water out of his own ●…isterne, Esa. 36. 16. should witness our thankfulness unto God, for these favours, by sympathising affections towards our brethren there, and the Natives.   

CHAP. V. To the English here, and first in behalf of the Planters there.  
THey should have our hearts and love for many seasons, How many felicities did they forsake, both of the right hand, and of the left, in respect of estate, friends, and the comfort of their own native soil? It was said by the Prophet, Weep for him that goeth ou●…, for he shall return no more to see his own Country, Jer. 22. 20. besides, that dulcis amor patriae, how many hazards did they run into by dangerous and tedious sea-voyages? they were exposed to divers certain inconveniences, not only in regard of externals, change of air, diet, etc. but change of men especially, having little security, because they were in daily dread of Indian treachery, which might then fall upon them, when they supposed it most remote; they have also left more room at home, of which we were wont to have more need than company, which increased so fast, that we were ready to extrude one another; and by them we have more strength abroad, because transplanted colonies 
a Clapmar arcan. Reip. p. 52.  be domestic fortifications, though they have been invented sometimes, and used to abate popular undertake, but I mean it in the Roman interpretation, the Nations where they fix, are reduced by degrees to their fashions, laws, and commands: yet some have unnaturally followed those our Country men with reproaches, accounting them so base, as not worthy to be set with the dogs of their flock, as one to them applied that of Job 30. 1.  
To the Western Plantation indeed, at first men of mean condition generally resorted, but soon after people of better rank followed; divers of good families, and competent estates went into Virginia, and settled in some Islands thereabouts, but because those of New-England pretended more to Religion than the rest, they are more loaden with uncivil language, but most injuriously; for the transplanting Novangles were many of them severally eminent, some of noble extract, divers Gentlemen descended from good Families; their first Charter mentions three Knights, among other 
40 Caroli.  men of worth; and it seems their example, or somewhat else was like to prevail with many others of no mean condition, so that eleven of the then Privy Counsel directed their letters in December, one thousand six hundred thirty four, to the Warden of the Cinque ports, taking notice that several persons went over with their families, and whole estates, forbidding subsidy men, or of the value of subsidy men to be embarked without special licence and attestation of their taking the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance, submission also to the Orders and discipline of the Church of England: And three years after, viz. one thousand six hundred thirty seven, a proclamation issued from the King to the same purpose, and in the same words.  
Others instead of affections and hearts, sling darts after them, and say, they are gone out from us indeed, but they were not of us, 1 Joh. 2. 19 neither liking our doctrine nor government. Yet surely they differ not at all from us in Religion, witness our own confession and their profession; and for the first, our learned men have continually acknowledged the Puritans to consent with them in doctrinals, Archbishop Sands 
b Serm. p. 81, 82▪ etc.  in his Sermon before Queen Elizabeth more than once asserteth this, We have here saith he, to praise our God, that in public doctrine touching the substance of religion we all agree in one truth, the greater pity it is we should so much descent in matters of small importance, in rites and circumstanees; the Puritanical errors did not at all oppose any part of our Religion, but it continued most sound even to the dying day of that most renowned Princess, saith he that 
c Rogers pref. p. 19  analysed our thirty nine Articles, and so printed them by authority; and King james 
d Pref. Basil. Dor.  averreth the like of his Scottish Puritans, We all God be thanked agree in the grounds, and after his reception of this Crown, he calls 
e Parlia. spe. Anno. 1603.  the English Puritan a Sect rather than a Religion; and in his Declaration against Vorstius 
f His works. p. 358. , he joineth his Churches of great Britain with those of France and Germany, opposing them all against Vorstius, Bertius, and the Arminians; Notwithstanding the Disciplinarian quarrel saith 
g Res. ad Apol. p. 28.  Bishop Andrew's, we have the same ●…aith, the Cardinal is deceived, or deceiveth, in using the word Puritan, as if they had another Religion differing from that publicly professed, and this hath been the unanimous asseveration of English Bishops, and other learned Divines, as were easy abundantly to declare. But themselves have spared us that labour, by their constant acknowledgement thereof; Mr. Rogers 
h Roger's passim.  in his forecited Analysis, produceth their own writings to this purpose, and what one of them can be named that refused subscription to those 39 Articles in reference to matters of Doctrine; Mr. Browne 'tis thought, went as far astray as any here, yet I have seen his own 
i M. S.  hand declaring at that time his allowance of all those Synodical Articles; and left any should imagine the Novangles differing from us in dogmatic truths, besides many, very many printed books testifying their concurrence with us herein, beside divers private Letters, that subscribed by the Governor and principal assistants sufficiently manifests their judgement and affection, wherein they desire to be accounted our brethren, and implore our prayers; adding, howsoever our charity may have met with some discouragements through the misreport of our intentions, or through disaffection, or indiscretion of some among us, for we dream not of perfection in this world, yet would you be pleased to take notice of the principal and body of this Company, as those that are not ashamed to call the Church of England our dear Mother, and cannot part from her without tears in our eyes, but shall ever acknowledge that such part and hope as we have obtained in the common salvation, we received it in her bosom, and sucked it from her breasts, etc.  
From South-Hampton. 

john Winthrop▪ Governor.  
Rich: S●…ltonstall.  
Tho: Dudley, etc.     

CHAP. VI  
THere is another injaculation that hath gone current among many, that the Puritan of old and New-England is antimonarchical, the former is sufficiently cleared by that Bishop, who hath left this testimony, 
a Resp. ad Apol. p. 29.  Presbyterio lis est cum Episcopis, cum Rege nulla est, or if that be not enough, King james 
b King james works▪ p. 340.  in this is an irrefragable Assertor, The Puritans do not decline the oath of Supremacy, but daily take it, never refused it; and the same supremacy is defended by 
c Institut. l. 4. c. 20.  Calvin himself. And in New-England Mr. Williams 
d Letter 20. of the 10 month. 1635.  seemed in other things to be extravagant, yet thus he writes to this point: For the Government of the Commonwealth from the King, as supreme, to the inferior and subordinate Magistrates, my heart is on them, as once Deborah▪ spoke: and as the Governors and assistants do themselves take the oath of Allegiance, 
Charter  so they have power by their Charter to give the same to all that shall at any time pass to them, or inhabit with them; But, Tempora mutantur, and it may be 'tis with them, as with us, & nos mutamur in illis. And 'tis further said, that their Ecclesiastic government, is not only opposite to the ancient Episcopacy of the land, but to the discipline of the other Reformed Churches, even that which the Covenant calleth for: it may be worth our consideration, that as there was a time when foreigners reform were not so opposite to our Bishops, but those Divines 
e Calvin. Beza. Gualt. alii.  thought well of them, willingly gave to them Titles of Reverend Fathers, and Illustrious Lords; and in their public convenings, 
f Epit. Cent. 16. p. 185. 285. & council▪ Dordrac.  spoke of that Government with good respect, and the valedictory Epistle of Mr. Cotton, to the then Bishop of Lincoln, full of respective expressions, is yet to be seen, So the Bishops than were not such Antipresbyterians, Caecus sit, saith 
g Andr. Posthu. p. 176.  Bishop Andrew's to P. Moulin a Presbyter, qui non videat stantes sine ea Ecclesias, ferreus sit, qui salutem eye n●…get, nos non sumus illi ferrei, Let him be blind that seeth not Churches consistent without such an Hierarchy, let him be accounted iron-hearted that shall deny them to be in a way of salvation, we are not such iron-hearted men, yea and several reformed Congregations of several Nations have not only been tolerated, but much refreshed under the Bishops of London, Norwich, Winchester, etc. These times have widened all differences every where, even among such as are or should be one in covenant; how are disaffections increased, divisions heightened, which have not only woefully abated christian love, but miserably augmented iniquities of all sorts? many being scrupulously curious about mint and annis, having little respect in the mean time to faith, righteousness, and the more weighty things of the law▪ and here may be taken up the lamentation of Erasmus 
h Ep. p. 749. , bemoaning himself exceedingly, that he had in books cried up, libertatem spiritus, liberty of the spirit, which I think this age would call liberty of conscience, I wished thus saith he, a diminution of humane ceremonies, to that end, that divine truths and godliness might be enlarged, Nunc sic excutiunt ut illae, ut pro libertate spiritus succedat effraenis carnis licentia, and he doth justly call it carnal licentiousness, for the Spirit of our God, Gal. 5. 20. names contentions, seditions, heresies, etc. works of the flesh, which being but lately sown, have strangely grown up and multiplied, so that a foreign pen hath to England's shame printed it thus to the world, 
i Honor. Reg. Commentar. Da●…tisci. 1647.  Anglia his quatuor annis facta est colluvies, & lerna omnium errorum, ac sectarum, nulla à condito orbe provincia tam parvo spatio tot monstrosas haereses protulit atque haec, Episcoporum tempora intra sexaginta annos non nisi quatuor sectas protulerunt, & eas plerunque in obscure latentes, etc. For I had rather bewail than reveal the nakedness of the Nation, I had rather stir up my own soul and others to piety, and peace, oh, when will men lay aside all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil speaking, with all malice; and instead thereof be kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God for Christ's sake forgave you, Ephes. 4. 32. I wish there were a law to forbid all needless disputes, I wish that it and those other several laws were put in execution impartially, so that all men by all means were provoked to godliness, that would preserve from every error, for God is faithful that hath promised, If any man will do the Father's will, he shall know the doctrine whether it be of God, Joh. 7. 17. Hearty endeavours for holiness in our own persons, and those related to us, would take away the occasions of many unkind controversies, for the Kingdom of God is not meat or drink, this or that government, or any such externals, no further than they serve to promote righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost, Rom. 14. 17. and this is the best way to show our obedience unto Christ, for he that in these things serveth Christ is acceptable to God, and approved of men. ver. 18. When our Countrymen planted themselves first in America, the name of Independency was not known; he indeed that lately hath wrote 
k Idem ibid.  of the state of the Churches in England, draws so the scheme that our Novangles are thus become Independents, but with the epithet of orthodox.  

Schema sectarum recentium, Puritani  
Presbyteriani, 

Angli.  
Scoti.    
Erastiani, sive Colemaniani.  
Independentes, sive Congregationales. 

Orthodoxi Novo-Anglici, Londinenses.  
Pseudo-Independentes, sive Fanatici. 

Anabaptista, Quaerentes, Antinomi, & mille alii.       
And for our Novangles it cannot be denied, but many of them well approve the Ecclesiastic government of the Reformed Churches, as of old, communi Presbyterorum 
Hieron. Tit.  consilio Ecclesiae regibuntur, they desire it were so now; and some of them in New England are amazed at the manner of our gathering of Churches here: thus one writeth 
l Simp. C. p. 42  that had been a long time a Pastor among them; What more ungodly sacrilege, or man-stealing can there be than to purloin from godly Ministers the first borne of their fervent prayers, and saithful preachings, the leven of their flocks, the encouragement of their souls, the crown of their labours, their Epistle to heaven? If men will needs gather Churches out of the world as they say, let them first plough the world, and sow it, and reap it with their own hands, & the Lord give them a liberal harvest. He is a very hard man that will reap where he hath not sowed, and gather where he hath not strewed, Mat. 24. 25. and if I mistake not, such kind of unkind and hard dealing was practised here in England even in popish times, what means else that Canon among the Saxon Counsels 
Sir H. S. p Panang. p. 592. , Vt sacerdotes aliorum parochianos ad se non alliciant, how like this looks to that I leave to the judgement of others, but these be the words of that rule, Let no Presbyter persuade the saithful of the Parish of another Presbyter to come to his Church, leaving his own, and take to himself those tithes; but let every one be content with his own Church and people, and by no means do that to another, which he would not should be done to himself, according to that Evangelicall saying, Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye the same to them; but whosoever shall walk contrary to this rule, let him know he shall either lose his degree, or for a long time be detained in prison. I shall by and by speak more to this on their behalf, now add only, that as many in New England approve of the discipline of the other Churches Reform, and some of them sufficiently dislike the way and manner of our Church-gathering here, so all of them have now seen by experience the necessity of Synods: For in their great storm of late that was so like to wrack all, the means to settle it was as strange as the disease, so he writes that was an eye, and care witness, They that heretofore slighted Synods, and accounted 
A discourse of New England not printed.  of them as humane inventions, and the blemish of those Reformed Churches that made use of them, are now for the preservation of themselves enforced to make use of that means which in time of peace they did slight and contemn; the Synod, saith he, being assembled, much time was spent in ventilating and emptying of private passions, but afterwards it went on and determined with such good success, that in token thereof, he saith, we keep a solemn day of thanksgiving, as there was cause, and the two men most different in opinion, were selected for the public exercise, wherein they behaved themselves to admiration, the Acts and conclusions of the Synod, etc. I would further ask, if the Independent government, so far as it is congregational, be not as rigidly Presbyterian as any; sure I am, unkind they are not to the other Presbyterians, Mr Winslow is an irrefragable testis herein, who mentions some there that are in that way, and known to be so, 
Relat. of proceagainst Sa. Gort. p. 99  yet never had the least molestation or disturbance, but have and find as good respect from Magistrates, and people, as other Elders in the congregational way; yea divers Gentlemen of Scotland, that groaned under the late pressures of that Nation, wrote into New England to know whether they might freely be suffered to exercise their Presbyterial government, and it was answered affirmatively they might; and yet further none of them here or there, that continue true to their first principles, differ at all in fundamentals and doctrine from the other Presbyterians, and 'tis not unlike, but when God shall enlarge their borders, they will find it needful to approach yet nearer to the way of other Reformed Churches in their discipline: And there is of themselves, that upon observation of their former very great danger, have left their judgement, with 
Discourse before mentioned.  which I will conclude this Chapter: An excellent way they have, meaning their Ecclesiastic government, if Pastors and people would ever be of one opinion, but when they shall come to be divided into as many opinions, as they are bodies, what will the sequel be? and I see little probability of subsistence, where Independency yields matter of divisions, but no means to compound them.   

CHAP. VII. To ourselves, in behalf of the Natives towards their conversion.  
IT is the unfeigned desire of every pious soul, that God would please to guide and bless some holy and happy hand, in taking up the differences that are grown up among those that are named by the sweet name of Christ, that all who love the Lord Jesus in sincerity, would also sincerely love one another; that mutual forces were conjoined to promote the glory of our common Master, not only every man in his own person, family, place, and Country, but by apprehending all opportunities to publish the eternal Gospel of our Lord even to those other ends of the earth. Gregory the great 
a In Bed. Ecclesiast. Hist. l. 2. c. 1.  did willingly encourage himself in his desire to Christianize our Ancestors the Saxons from hints of his own observation, for seeing children of beautiful feature offered to sale in the market at Rome, as then the manner was, he sighed within himself, and said, when he understood they were not Christians, Alas that the Prince of darkness should possess such fair and lightsome countenances; enquiring further after their names, Angles, they have Angels faces indeed said he, and 'tis meet all diligence be used that they be as the Angels of God in Heaven; when he asked of what Province they were, it was answered Deiri, or Deira, for so was then that 
b Lambard Peramb. of Kent. p. 5.  seventh Kingdom called, Northumberland, in the time of the Saxons, Dei ira eruti saith he, being made Christians they shall be delivered from the wrath of God; and upon demand, hearing that their King's name was Aelle, he said Allelu jah, and praises to God must be sung there: In this work if that may be any invitation, we have the like allusions, the whole Country is called the New world in the general, and particularly there is New Spain, New France, New netherlands, New Scotland, New England, why should not there be solicitous endeavours that all the Natives of that New World, should be made a world of New creatures; and if upon occasion and enquiry the Inhabitants be called Barbarians, such were we ourselves in the common acceptation of the word, being neither Jews nor greeks; if Savages, 'tis a name of hope that they are a salvable generation, and shall in due time be partakers of the common salvation; their complexion indeed is dark and duskish, as 'tis made after birth, but their souls are the more to be pitied, that yet be in a far more unlovely hue, even in the suburbs of that darkness, that blackness of darkness, which is so terrible to think of: It was Gregory's desire that Hallelu-jahs should be sung to and for the English, then heathen, the Christian English may observe and wonder at that very word of frequent use among the Indians, as hath already been mentioned; finally there is a constellation or star, called the cross, peculiar to that Country, saith Acosta 
c Hist. l. 1. c. 5. , and it is so named because four notable stars make the form of a cross, set equally, and with good proportion, a good omen I wish it may be, and that a star may lead them also to their Saviour, that Christ may be made known to them, and his peace through the blood of his Cross, Col. 1. 20. To which employment we have likewise other persuasions, besides what hath been formerly sprinkled here and there. 1. The necessity of the poor Natives require this care, who stand so much in need of spiritual bread, and so few prepare to break it to them, they yet walk in the vanity of their mind, having their understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, etc. Eph. 4. 17. etc. and the less sensible they be of their own forlorn condition, the more solicitous should others be to acquaint them therewith, together with the way of their deliverance. When 
d Malmbs. p. 4. and Beda. l. 1. c. 25.  Austin the Monk came hither among the Saxons to preach the Gospel, King Ethelbert opposed him not, but said I cannot so easily forsake my own Religion, and embrace theirs that is new; yet seeing these strangers are come so far and bring that to us which they esteem most excellent, we will use them kindly, they shall want nothing for their work: And surely were the Americans but a little civilised, they would by degrees understand their own miserable estate, and themselves would then bespeak further enlightening; yea this is already in some of their fervent desires, 
e Daybreak, etc.  as hath been intimated also formerly.  
2. Christians have a care of this for Christ their Master's sake, good subjects wish the ampliation of their Sovereign's honour, and how glad should we be when the kingdom of darkness is impaired, and there be continual accresses to the Kingdom of God's dear Son, Col. 1. 14. 'tis our daily prayer, Hallowed be thy name, divulged, and made glorious all the world over, we cannot better improve our interest and power, then by being active & industrious instruments thereof; we endeavouring as much as we may that the Kingdoms of this world may become the Kingdoms of the Lord, and of his Christ, Revel. 11. 15. Non est zelus sicut Zelus animarum 
f Greg. M. , this zeal for souls carries in the womb thereof glory to God, and honour to the zealots themselves, Dan. 12. 3. and unutterable comfort and benefit to them that are warmed thereby, jam. 5. 20. and their debtors in this verily we are, if the words of another Apostle be with a little mutation applied hither, for if we be made partakers of their carnal things, our duty it is also to minister unto them in spiritual things, Rom. 15. 17.  
3. The several Patents to several Planters call for this endeavour, such was that first granted to the Virginians by King james, it intended principally the propagation of the Christian faith; the like is to be read in the Patents and confirmations made by him and King Charles to others. And in the beginning of this Parliament, that Honourable Committee of Lords and Commons were appointed chiefly for the advancement of the true Protestant Religion, and further spreading of the Gospel of Christ among the Natives in America. Yea and in the Charter to Mary-land, the pious zeal for the spreading of the Gospel is first mentioned, and what ever suggestions be made, or aims otherwise, there is a special proviso against the prejudice, or diminution of God's holy and truly Christian Religion, and the allegiance due to the King's Majesty, his heirs, and successors; it is not well then if Romish designs have been managed there, injurious to Religion, and offensive to our other Plantations, but herein stands the force of this Motive, the mutual and interchangeable Pact and Covenant of Donor and Receiver is in all those Charters and Patents the conversion of the Natives.  
4. I find another encouragement from a Doctor lately lapsed into popery 
g Dr. Vane lost sheep. p. 186. , yet professing his willingness to return upon Protestants successes this way; for he deems it improbable, that ever they should convert any Nation, or so much as any one single person, except some poor wretch or other, whom fear or gain will drive, or draw to any thing; but if ever the historical relation of God's wonderful workings upon sundry of the Indians, both Governors and common people, in bringing them to a willing and desired submission to the Ordinances of the Gospel, and framing their hearts to an earnest enquiry after the knowledge of God the Father, and Jesus Christ the Saviour of the World; I say if ever those discourses come to the Doctor's view, he may once again change his mind, how ever the happy progresses of our Country men in that work, if they be known and well considered of by the Papists themselves, they may be carried to admiration, expectation, and it may be further.  
5. The honour of our Nation may be another argument to this undertaking, that as to Charlemagne of old 
h Crantz. Met. p. 405. 8. 12.  the Saxons owe their Christianity, and those of Phrysia, Dithmarse and Holsatia, the Vandals also and Hungarians: It will be glorious for the Chronicles and Annals of England, that by the means of this Nation the Nansamonds were brought to the true and saving knowledge of Jesus Christ, and so were the Sasquehannockes, Wicomesses, Conecktacoacks, Massachuseuks, Mouhacks, Aberginians and others; Thus will the renown of the English name and Nation, ring over all the Western World. Gregory complains 
Lib. 5. Ep. 58. 59  more than once, that those Angles our Ancestors were willing to become Christians, but the Priests of France refused to give help and instruction. The Britons also refused to join with Austin here in his preaching to the Saxons, not out of pride and contempt as Beda 
i Hist. l. 2. c. 7.  reporteth, but for that those people, invited hither as friends, became their only enemies, driving them from their possessions, which themselves invaded as their own, but these Indians give harbour to our Nation, whose fair and free accommodating of our Country men hath fully purchased to themselves all the spiritual favour we and they are able to afford them, of which, when they also become sensible, honour will redound to this England, not only from ours there, who profess truly, if they prosper, we shall be the more glorious, but the Natives enlightened by us will return hither the tribute of their abundant thankfulness. And that every one of us may be cordial coadjutors of our Country men in this most glorious undertaking, let me endeavour to warm the affections of the English there, and at home, by proposing a traffic in a threefold stock for the promotion of this design.   

CHAP. VIII. Further helps to this work.  
THe first of these is already going, the stock of prayers, both hence and thence on that behalf to heaven, and not now in a vision, as to St. Paul once, there stood a man and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia and help us, Act. 16. 9 but the Natives begin to be really sensible of their spiritual necessities, and call earnestly for that bread, and our country men desire the assistance of their brethren here in many respects, all their Letters earnestly bespeak us in this, and O that we did heartily answer them in our constant and fervent prayers, in reference to this work. There was indeed of late a generation of men, though extreme lovers of that Lethargy, yet forgot to be in charity with all men, they were content in their Litany to pray it would please God to have mercy upon all men, yet deemed it piacular to pray for the Novangles; The Directory guides otherwise, even by name advising to prayers for those Plantations in the remote parts of the World.  
2. This work would be much prospered by a stock of wise and constant correspondence mutually betwixt Old and New England in regard of this business, what progress is made in the work, what meet to be done for its furtherance, etc. Such communication of counsels would marvellously encourage and quicken the Americans conversion. The French were spoiled of this help and intercourse from Brasil, by the Governor 
a Le●…ius. Hist. praef.  Villagagno's Apostasy to Popery, and 'tis not credible, but if the poor Indians were made to understand that all the Nation of England were thus solicitous with God, and among themselves, in all industrious endeavours to recover them from their sinful and lost condition by nature, but they would look up also, and in earnest cooperate with them, and say also it may be, as was in the precedent Chapter mentioned of our Saxon King, who said, those Preachers should be kindly dealt with, and want nothing for their work; yea somewhat like to this was long since spoken of by 
b Benzo. p. 390.  Colonchi one of the Princes of Peru, when he was invited to be a Christian, his answer was, Sir I am old and unfit to forsake the rites and laws of my Ancestors, but take my children as you will, and teach them what you please, they are young, and can more easily apply themselves to your customs, and instructions.  
3. And a stock of money must be remembered, which in some sense, is as it were the soul of this work; the Poet said truly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 If we 
c Hesiod. Op. & Di. l. 2.  mean the Indians shall be Gospellized, they must first be civilised, who are yet a very wild Olive, both by nature and life, they must be weaned from idleness, and hunting, and nakedness, they must be persuaded to labour, planting, learning, arts, and manufacture, that they may get clothing, they must be taught to build for their own habitations, for meeting houses or Churches on the Lords days, Schools must be erected for instruction of their youth at other times, books of all kinds, tools and instruments of all sorts must be provided, many and necessary materials towards this structure may be easily mentioned, but are not so easily purchased: If our Country men there have for their own comfort and subsistence, 'tis little less than a miracle, all things considered, and a wonderful mercy, it cannot be expected, that they should be able to add considerable supply towards all the forenamed particulars, and other emergent needful occasions, though there be that can bear them record, that to their power, yea and beyond their power, they are willing of themselves as the Apostle said of his Macedonians, 2 Cor. 8. 3. I crave leave therefore to pray every Christian reader with much entreaty to take upon him the fellowship of ministering to this work, that you may abound in this grace also, that I may use to you the same holy Apostles words; chrysostom 
d Theodor. hist. l. 5. c. 29.  desirous to plant the Gospel in Phoenicia, stirred up many godly men, and devout women, by their liberality to contribute towards those endeavours. Yea and here let it be remembered, that as Gregory commends Queen Brunechild of France, and Queen Adilberga of Kent, for their charitable furtherance of 
Lib. 9 Ep. 56, 57  this work, the gaining of souls, the first Gospellizing of our Saxon Ancestors; So some pious Christians among us of both sexes, have showed much bounty this way, encouraging and exampling others: The Spanish books relate strange things of their zeal in this kind, and one 
e Gage survey of America. p. 81.  whom we may credit tells us, that America hath four Arch-Bishops, thirty Bishops, and many other houses as they call them of Religion, and if it be said their lot fell into the golden part of that world, and out of their superfluities they might well spare very much, 'tis very much indeed, and yet 'tis 
f Id. p. 3.  somewhat more that the same writer observeth how the King of Spain maintains the lists and bonds of Missionaries, Priests, Friars and Jesuits, that are continually transported into America, he provides for every of them ten years, and that to this day, and shall the children of this world in this also be wiser than the children of light, Luk. 16. 8. shall they be enlarged for the promoting of themselves, and their abominable superstitions, and shall not we be as forward in that which directly aims at the glory of Christ and the good of souls, as St. Paul saith of his Thessalonians, that they were examples to all that believed in Macedonia and Achaia, 1 Thes. 1. 7. I trust the liberality of some will invite and open the hands of many to be very forward in this work, for the administration of this service, will not only supply their wants, but will be abundant also by many thanksgivings unto God, 2 Cor. 9 12. And I hope to hear once of a liberal collection and benevolence to be advanced in every Parish and Congregation of the land, to be put into safe hands, and such profitable employment, as may indeed further the reering up of a Christian Tabernacle in America. And while these papers were thus in their framing, an Act, before mentioned, for propagating the Gospel of jesus Christ in New England, declareth much forwardness towards a national contribution in reference to this work, and the disposal thereof to be according to the desires of those that have been most industrious that way, and good care, I trust will be taken that the moneys run into the right channel; and for the better gale and conduct, the two Universities Cambridge & Oxford, have affectionately expressed their Christian longings that this soule-businesse may obtain all possible furtherance, in their Letters to their Reverend and dear Brethren the Ministers of the Gospel in England and Wales, the Divines of London are desired also in their sphere cordially to act in this common cause of the Gospel, that no obstruction be left in the way of this most glorious endeavour, why should any then be straightened in their own bowels, why should not all learn willingness to this work, by reading, considering, and practising what we find the old Jews did in a like case, Exod. 35.   

CHAP. IX. The Novangles religious care to advance Piety and Learning.  
IT hath been laid and left at the doors of those whom some call Independents here in this England, that they have showed little love to others going astray, and that their zeal hath been wanting against those blasphemies and heresies that have manifestly dishonoured the most sweet and holy name of God, Father, Son, and Spirit. Our book tells us of 
a Agathen in Doroth. Doctr. & vita patrum.  a good man in former times when he was accused of lust, pride, etc. He said, I confess I am a sinner, and I beseech you pray for me, but when they laid heresy to his charge, his heart was hot within him, his zeal was inflamed, and he said, Haereticus non sum, & hoc vitium nulla patientia possum aut volo dissimulare, hoeresis enim separat hominem a Deo, & adsocrat Diabolo: alienatus a Christo non habet Deum, quem oret propeccatis suis. 'tis not for me to judge any, every one shall stand or fall to his own Master, Rom. 14. 4. but I would remember myself and others of his zeal, who said 
b Erasm. Ep. 6.  fateor in causa fidei etiam vitam negligendam; I find this grace very warm and working in our Novangles, for whom I have some few words more to mention in this particular, that my readers may be invited to think well of them, to do well to them, and for them, or for the poor Indians rather, or rathe for Christ himself, who shall have honour from us all, if we all by communication of counsels, prayers, purses, and every other way endeavour the furtherance of their conversion to our Lord Jesus; and to procure our cordial conjunction with our brethren there in this, I shall transcribe some things out of their own late printed book of the laws and liberties concerning the inhabitants of Massachusets, by which their love to truth, godliness, peace, and learning will be evident, together with their liberal and enlarged care to propagate the eternal Gospel of our Lord among the Natives.  
At the title of heresy, 
c p. 24.  this is the preface. Although no humane power be Lord over the faith and consciences of men, and therefore may not constrain them to believe or profess against their consciences, yet because such as bring in damnable heresies, tending to the subversion of the Christian Faith, and the destruction of the souls of men, ought duly to be restrained from such notorious impiety, it is therefore ordered and decreed by this Court:  
That if any Christian within this jurisdiction shall go about to subvert and destroy the Christian Faith and Religion, by broaching or maintaining any damnable heresy, as denying the immortality of the soul, or the resurrection of the body, or any sin to be repent of in the regenerate, or any evil done by the outward man to be accounted sin, or denying that Christ gave himself a ransom for our sins, or shall affirm that we are not justified by his death and righteousness, but by the perfection of their own works, or shall deny the morality of the fourth Commandment, or shall endeavour to seduce others to any the heresies aforementioned, every such person continuing obstinate therein after due means of conviction shall be sentenced to banishment. 16●…. And before 
d Tit. Ecclesiastical. p. 19 20  having said, that the open contempt of God's word, and the messengers thereof is the desolating sin of civil States, etc. It is therefore ordered, and decreed, That if any christian, so called, within this jurisdiction, shall contemptuously behave himself towards the word preached, or the messengers thereof— either by interrupting him in his preaching, or by charging him falsely with any error, which he hath not taught, or like a son of Korah cast upon his true doctrine, or himself, any reproach— every such person or persons (whatsoever censure the Church may pass) shall for the first scandal be convented and reproved openly by the Magistrate at some Lecture, and bound to their good behaviour, and if a second time they break forth into the like contemptuous carriages, they shall either pay five pounds to the public treasury, or stand two hours openly upon a block or stool four foot high on a Lecture day with a paper fixed on his breast, written in capital letters, AN OPEN AND OBSTINATE CONTEMNER OF GOD'S HOLY ORDINANCES, that others may fear and be ashamed of breaking out into the like wickedness. 1646.  
There be some in this England that account it piety and Religion to speak evil of Christ's Ministers, and cast off his Ordinances; now blessed of God from heaven and earth be our Novangles, Magistrates, Ministers, and people that have so seasonably witnessed against these abominations.  
They are great lovers of peace and government, these therefore be their words in another place; 
e Tit. Anabaptists. p. 1.  For as much as experience hath plentifully & often proved that since the first rising of the Anabaptists about an hundred years past they have been the Incendiaries of Commonwealths, and the infectors of persons in main matters of Religion, and the troublers of Churches in most places where they have been, and that they who have held the baptising of infants unlawful, have usually held other errors or heresies together therewith (though as heretics use to do they have concealed the same until they espied a fit advantage and opportunity to vent them by way of question or scruple) and whereas divers of this kind have since our coming into New-England appeared amongst ourselves, some whereof, as others before them, have denied the Ordinance of Magistracy, and the lawfulness of making war, others the lawfulness of Magistrates and their inspection into any breach of the first Table, which opinions, if connived at by us, are like to be increased among us, and so necessarily bring guilt upon us, infection and trouble to the Churches, and hazard to the whole Commonwealth: It is therefore ordered by this Court and authority thereof, that if any person or persons shall either openly condemn or oppose the baptising of infants, or go about secretly to seduce others from the approbation, or use thereof, or shall purposely depart the Congregation at the administration of that Ordinance, or shall deny the Ordinance of Magistracy, or their lawful right, or authority to make war, or to punish the outward breaches of the first Table, and shall appear to the Court wilfully and obstinately to continue therein, after due means of conviction, every such person or persons shall be sentenced to banishment. 1644.  
And that we may discern how worthy they are that we should do all the good we can for them, for they love the nation where they inhabit, and are very serious in preparing them for one husband, to present them a pure virgin unto Christ, 2 Cor. 11. 2. Several therefore are their decrees in order to their conversion.  

f Tit. Indians▪ p. 28, 29.  1. Every Town shall have power to restrain all Indians from profaning the Lords day. 1633. 1639. 1641.  
2. The English shall not destroy the Indians corn▪ but shall help them to fence in their grounds.  
3. Considering one end in planting these parts was to propagate the true Religion unto the Indians, and that divers of them are become subjects to the English, and have engaged themselves to be willing and ready to understand the Law of God; It is therefore ordered and decreed, that such necessary and wholesome Laws which are in force, and may be made from time to time, to reduce them to civility of life, shall be once in the year (if the times be safe) made known to them, by such fit persons as the general Court shall nominate, having the help of some able Interpreter.  
4. Considering also that interpretation of tongues is appointed of God for propagating the truth; It is therefore decreed that two Ministers shall be chosen every year, and sent with the consent of their Churches (with whomsoever will freely offer themselves to accompany them in that service) to make known the heavenly counsel of God among the Indians, and that something be allowed them by the General Court to give away freely to those Indians whom they shall perceive most willing and ready to be instructed by them.  
5. They decree further that no Indian shall at any time Powaw, or perform outward worship to their false gods, or to the devil, and if any shall transgress this law, the Powawer shall pay 5 l. the procurer 5 l. etc. 1646.  
Their love to learning also is meet to be remembered, and encouraged, wherein they have 
g Tit. Sch●…els. p. 47.  observed a chief project of that old deluder Satan to keep men from the knowledge of the Scriptures, as in former times keeping them in an unknown tongue, so in these latter times by persuading from the use of tongues, that so at least the true sense and meaning of the original might be clouded with false glosses of saint-seeming deceivers, and that learning may not be buried in the graves of our forefathers in Church and Commonwealth, the Lord assisting our endeavours, It is therefore ordered by this Court and authority thereof, That every Township increasing to the number of fifty households, shall appoint one within their Town to teach all such children as shall resort to him, to write and read, whose wages shall be paid either by the Parents or Masters of such children, or by the Inhabitants in general by way of supply, as the major part of those that order the prudentials of the Town shall appoint, and where any town shall increase to an hundred families or househoulders, they shall set up a Grammar school, the Masters thereof being able to instruct youth so far, as they may be fitted for the University, and if any town neglect this above a year, every such Town shall pay five pound per ann. to the next such School, till they shall perform this order. 1647.  
And an Academy or University is not only in their aim, but a good while since they had more than begun well, and therefore we read these words in another 
h Tit. College. p. 12.  part of their laws, Whereas through the good hand of God upon us there is a College founded in Cambridge in the County of Middlesex, called Harvard College, for encouragement whereof this Court hath given the sum of four hundred pounds, and also the revenue of the Ferry betwixt Charles Town and Boston, and that the well ordering and managing of the said College is of great concernment; It is therefore ordered by this Court, etc. Then follow directions for the Precedent and Commissioners to establish orders and dispose gifts, etc. 1636. 1640. 1642.  
Mr. Coleman that was Erastianly principled, preached 
Sermon at Westm. in Ann. 1646. july, 30. è job. 11. 22  publicly that except some other way be found to keep up learning, our Universities will be but useless places, and learning itself an unnecessary thing; for under this notion of Independency, Weavers and Tailors may become Pastors, so that if some stop be not, the issue may be, that one may bind his son Apprentice to a Cobbler, and at seven years' end he may go out a free Minister, etc.  
But our Brethren of New England we see have other principles and practices, and notwithstanding that they went out as exiles hence, 
m Stat. Eccles. Erit. preface.  extra anni solisque viam— yea as jacob of old with his staff only passed over jordan, and suddenly became two bands, Gen. 32. 10. These ventured upon the wide and wild Ocean with poor and small provision, and how great how many are the mercies that our God hath showed unto his servants there, that they are not only furnished themselves with necessaries of all sorts, and have made large steps in an Academical way, having Acts, Degrees, and Commencements according to the commendable fashion of England, as their own words are; The theses at their Commencements disputed upon have been printed several years at Cambridge in New England, and thence dispersed here; but they have also industriously furthered by their godliness, gentleness, and good orders, the conversion of a miserable people that have lain so long in darkness. To warm the affections of the English here, to raise all our hearts and endeavours to join all possible forces here and there in this soule-worke, the next chapter is added.   

CHAP. X. The success of the Novangles in Gospellizing the Indians.  
THE Reader here shall have a Breviate inviting 
Day breaking if not the Sunrising of the Gospel with the Indians in New-England. Printed for, Fulk Clif●…on, on New Fish▪ street hill. 1647.  him to peruse those larger discourses, printed on purpose to raise our hearts in lifting up the high praises of God, that hath given this grace unto men.  

First Treatise.  
Four of the English, having sought God, went among the Indians, Oct●…. ●…8. 1646. to make known the things of their peace, they were conducted into the principal Wigwam of Waaubon, their chief minister of justice, who like another Cornelius, Act. 10. 24. had called together many men, women, and children to hear and learn, they began with prayer in English, not for want of language, but to show them the duty was sacred, 
Page. 1. &.  and that we might agree together in the same heart-sorrowes for them, even in that place where God was never wont to be called upon: It was an affecting spectacle, after prayer, to see a company of forlorn outcasts diligently attending upon the word of salvation, which in the space of an hour and a quarter discovered to them the grounds of Religion, repeating, expounding, and applying the ten Commandments, then preaching Jesus Christ the only means of recovery from sin and wrath, persuading them to repentance for several sins which they live in. We next 
p. 3.  asked them if they understood what was spoken, which they affirmed with many voices, and then we desired to know if they would propound any questions to us, for their further satisfaction, and this they did, but not such curiosities as some others of them had done before, as, what was the cause of thunder, of the ebbing and flowing 
Questions o●… the Indians.  of the sea, of the wind: no, the wisdom of God directed them to ask, How we may come to know jesus Christ? one of them after we had answered, said, he was praying in his Wigwam to Christ that he would give him a 
p. 4.  new heart, but another Indian interrupted him, saying, he prayed in vain, because Christ understood not what Indians speak in prayer, as not being acquainted with their language, his question therefore was, Whether jesus Christ did understand the prayers of Indians? another demanded, if English men were once so ignorant of 
p. 5.  Christ as themselves? and how can there be an image of God, seeing it is forbidden in the second Commandment? If the father be bad, and the child good, will God be offended with that child? for 'tis said in the second commandment, he will visit the sins of the fathers upon the children? How is all the world become so full of people, being all 
p. 6.  were once drowned in the flood?  
We than asked them three questions. 1. If they 
Questions to them.  did not desire to see God, and if they were not tempted to think there was no God, because they could not see him? some of them replied they did indeed desire to see him, but we had taught them that could not be, yet they believed, though their eyes could not see him, he was to be seen with their souls within. 2. We asked if it were not strange to them there should be but one God, yet this God should be in Massachusets, Conectacut, Quimipenik, in old England, in this Wigwam, in the next, every where? It is strange one of them said, as all else is we hear preached; yet they thought it might 
p. 7.  be true that God was so big every where. 3. Whether they did not find something troubling them within after the commission of sin, as murder, adultery, theft, lying, etc. they confessed the trouble, but could not tell what to say to it, he therefore that first spoke to them concluded with a doleful description (as far as his language permitted) of the trembling condition of every soul that dies in sin, and shall be cast out of favour from God. Having thus spent three hours, we asked them if they were not weary, they said no, we resolved to leave them with an appetite; the chief of them seeing us conclude with prayer, desired to know when we would come again, we appointed the time, gave the children some Apples, and the men what was at hand, they asked more ground to build a Town together, which we liked well, and promising our furtherance for them at the General Court, we departed with many welcomes from them.  
November 11. 1646, We came again to the same 
Second coming.  Wigwam, there was a greater concourse, and seats provided for us, we began again with prayer in English, and then catechised the younger sort, we asked them 
p. 8.  only three questions in their own language. 1. Who made you and all the world? 2. Who shall save you from sin and hell? 3. How many commandments hath God given you to keep? The Preacher then proceeded, We are come to bring you good news from the great God, and to show how evil men may come to be good, and be happy while they live, and go to God when they die; then in familiar descriptions he set forth God to them in his glorious power, goodness and greatness, showing what his will was, and what he required, even of the Indians, in the ten Commandments, and how angry God was for any sin, yet that he sent Christ to die for their transgressions, and to pacify God by suffering in their room, if they did repent and believe the Gospel, and that he would love the poor Indians if now they sought God, threatening wrath against all such as stood out and neglected so great salvation, etc. In hearing these things about sin, and 
p. 9  hell, and Christ, one of them showed much affliction, desiring to conceal his grief; about an hour thus spent, we desired them to propound some questions, and the first was by an old man, If it were not to late for 
Questions.  such an old man as he to repent and seek after God? which cleared, 2. They demanded, How the English came to differ so much from the Indians in knowledge, seeing at 
p. 10.  first they had all one father? 3. Being satisfied in this also, they said, How may we come to serve God? which being answered, their fourth question was, Why the seawater was salt, and the land water fresh? and their fifth, If the 
P. 11.  water be higher than the earth, why did it not overflow it? a Philosophical answer was given to this, and they conferred much among themselves about these questions, but night hasting we desired them to proceed, thereupon one of them said, If a man hath committed adultery, 
P. 12.  or stolen goods, and the Sachim doth not punish him, and he restore the goods, is not all well, will no punishment come from God, as if restitution made God amends? this answered, we asked two things. 1. What do 
P. 13.  you remember of that spoken to you the last time we were here? after some speech among themselves, one of them said, They did much thank▪ God for our coming, and the things they heard were wonderful to them; then Secondly▪ we said, Do you believe the things we tell you, and that God is Musquantum, i. e. very angry for the least sin in your thoughts, or words, or works? they said yes, and we spoke further of the terrors of God against sinners, and his mercy to the penitent, seeking after Christ; night being almost come, considering the Indians desired to know how to pray, and thought that Christ did not understand their language, one of us therefore prayed in their tongue above a quarter of an hour, divers of them holding up eyes and hands, and one of them hung down his head, with his rag before his eyes, 
A weeping Indian.  which when he had wiped, he held up his head again, yet such was the power of God upon his heart, that he hung down his head again, covered his eyes, wiping them and weeping abundantly, till prayer was ended, 
P. 14.  than he turned to a corner of the Wigwam, and wept more by himself, which one of us perceiving, spoke encouraging words, he then wept more and more; when he came out of the Wigwan, we spoke to him again, he then fell into more abundant weeping, like one deeply affected, so as we could not forbear weeping over him also; we departed greatly rejoicing for such sorrowing. And while I am transcribing this, I know not whether first, to pity the poor Natives in their spiritual distress, or sympathise with the English in their holy compassion, or praise God more for discovering to the Indians their lost condition by n●…ture, or that he hath made our Countrymen so industrious in recovering them out of it; however I cannot but remind my Reader of the relators observations hereupon, 
Observations.  at least some of them.  
1. That none of them slept sermon, nor derided Gods 
P. 17.  Messengers; Woe to those English that are grown bold to do that which Indians will not, heathen dare not.  
2. There is need of learning in Ministers, who preach to Indians, much more preaching to gracious Christians, these had sundry Philosophical questions which could not have been answered without some knowledge of the Arts; worse than Indian ignorance hath blinded their eyes, that renounce learning as an enemy to Gospel minister●…es.  
At a third meeting it did appear that the Indians 
Third meeting Novemb. 26. ●…3  notwithstanding discouragements from other Indians, did increase in their desires after the word, and propounded more questions.  

What is the meaning of the word Humiliation, so often 
Questions▪  heard of by them in our Churches?  
2. What a spirit is?  
3. Whether they should believe dreams?  
4. How the English know God so much, and they so little?   
Being satisfied in this, they desire a place for a Town. A day or two after Wampas a wise Indian offered his own 
P. 19  son, and three more Indian children, to be trained up by us, saying they would grow wicked at home, and never know God, he with two other young lusty Indians tendered their service to dwell in some of our families, they are two of those weeping Indians, and they are received into two of the Elders houses, where one of them confessed his former adulterous life, and feared 
P. 20.  that God would never look upon him in love; upon our declaring the greatness of that sin, yet hope of pardon through repentance and faith in Christ, he wept bitterly; the other then present also confessed his like guiltiness, & brak out into great mourning, wherein they both continued above half an hour. An English youth occasionally lodging in Waaubons Wigwam the third night of their hearing, assured us he instructed his company in the things he heard, and prayed among them.  
While the general Court was considering where to 
P. 22.  lay out a town for the Indians, they consulted about laws for themselves.  

1. If a man be idle a week, at most a fortnight, he must 
Indian Laws.  pay five shillings.  
2. If a man unmarried lie with a woman unmarried he shall pay twenty shillings.  
3. If a man beat his wife his hands shall be tied behind him, and he severely punished.  
4. If a woman's hair hang loose, or cut as a man's, she shall pay five shillings.  
5. If a woman goes with naked breasts she shall pay two shillings six pence.  
6. All men that wear long locks shall pay five shillings, etc.   
They were desirous to know the name of their Town, it was said Noonanetum, i. e. rejoicing, because the English rejoiced at their desires to know God, and God did rejoice at it; this pleased them much. The two 
P. 23.  honest Indians told us that Waaubon and the rest used 
Indian prayer●…  these expressions in prayer, Take away Lord my stony heart, another, O Lord wash my soul, another, Lord lead me when I die to heaven.  
December 9 The children being catechised, and 
Fourth meeting.  that of Ezechiel touching the dry bones opened, they offered their children to be instructed by us, complaining 
P. 24.  they had nothing to give us. We propounded sundry questions to them, and one of them being asked what was sin, said, a naughty heart, another old man complained of his fears, he purposed to keep the Sabbath, yet 
P. 25.  he was afraid whether he should go to hell or heaven, another complained of other Indians▪ reviling and calling them rogues for cutting off their locks, for since the word hath wrought upon them, they discern the vanity of their pride in their hair, of their own accord therefore they cut it modestly.   

Second Treatise.  
THE awakening of these Indians raised up a noise 
The clear sunshine of the Gospel upon the Indians, etc. by Mr. Shepheard. 1648.  round about, a Sachim from Concord side came to Noonanetum to an Indian lecture, where the Lord spoke so to his heart, that he desired to cast off his sinful courses, etc. some of his men opposed him therein, he called the chief of them about him, and spoke to this effect, That they had no reason at all to oppose the way of the English for their good; while you lived after the Indian fashion, what did the Sachims' for you? only sought their own ends out of you, taking away your skins, kettles, and Wampam at their pleasure, but the English care not for your goods, only seek your good, etc. Upon this they desired Mr eliot should come among them and preach, and they framed to 
P. 3.  themselves certain laws for their more religious and civil government. 
Orders made by divers Sachims', at Concord, 1646.   

1. Abusers of themselves by wines or strong liquors shall pay for every time 20 s.  
2. There shall be no more Powawing, the penalty 20 s.  
3. They desire to be stirred up to seek God.  
4. And understand the wiles of Satan.  
5. And detest them. 
P. 5.   
6. That they may improve their time better.  
7. A liar shall pay for the first fault 5 s. for the second 10 s. for the third 20 s.  
8. Against stealing.  
9 Having more wives than one.  
10. Against pride.  
11. For paying their debts to the English.  
12. Observing the Lord's day, prophaners of it pay 20 s.  
13. Wear their hair comely as the English, offenders pay 5 s.  
14. None grease themselves as formerly, penalty 5 s.  
15. Set up prayer in their Wig●…ams, before also, and after meat.  
16. Adultery punished with death.  
17. So wilful murder.  
18. Not come to an English man's house without knocking.  
19 Whosoever beats his wife shall pay 20 s. etc.   
Most of these Indians set up prayer morning and evening in their families, before and after meat, keep the Lords day, cut their hair, minister what edification 
P. 6.  they can one to another, manifesting great willingness to conform unto the English fashions.  
March, 3. 1647. At the Lecture in Noonanetum, we saw some Indian women well affected, and considering how unmeet it is for women to ask questions publicly, 
P. 7.  they were desired to acquaint their husbands privately therewith, or the Interpreter, the first was propounded by the wife of one Wampooas, Whether said 
Indian women's Questions.  she do I pray when my husband prayeth, if I speak nothing as he doth, but I like what he saith, and my heart goes with it? The wife of one Totherswampe proposed this, Whether an husband should do well to pray with his wife, and yet continue in his passions and be angry with her, etc.  
An aged Indian complained of an unruly son, ask 
P. 8.  what should be done with him, when he will not hear God's word, though his father command him, nor forsake his drunkenness. An aged Indian told us openly, 
P. 9  that the very things which Mr eliot taught them of God and his Commandments they have heard some old men speak, etc. and many of them have now this apprehension among them, that their forefathers did know God, but after this they fell into a great sleep, and when they did awaken they quite forgot him. Another 
P. 10. An Indians dream.  Indian told his dream, that about two years before the coming over of the English, one night he could not sleep a good while, than he fell into a dream, thinking he saw a great many men come into those parts clothed as the English now are, a man rose up among them all in black, with a thing in his hand, which he now sees was all one Englishmans book, he stood upon a higher place than the rest, on one side the English, and a great many Indians on the other, he told all the Indians that God was Moosquantum or angry with them, and would kill them for their sins, whereupon himself he said stood up, and desired to know of the black man what God would do with him, and his Squaw, and Papooses, but he would not answer him a first time, nor a second, till he desired the third time, and then he smiled on him, and said, He and his Papooses should be safe, God would give unto them Mitchen, i. e. victuals, and other good things, and so he awakened.  
At Noonanetum the Indian men women and children, 
p. 11.  especially upon the Lecture days, are clad partly by the gift of the English, and partly by their own labour. june▪ 9 the first day of the Synods meeting at Cambridge, the morning spent in a preparative Sermon to that work, in the afternoon there was a great confluence of Indians from all parts, to hear▪ Mr▪ eliot out of Ephe. 2. 1. showed them their miserable condition out of Christ, dead in trespasses and sins, pointing unto them the Lord Jesus who only could quicken them. They then propounded questions.  

What Countryman Christ was? 
Indian Questions.   
How far that place from them?  
Where Christ was now?  
How they might lay hold on him?  
And where being now absent from them?   
The English Magistrates, Ministers; and people, were much affected at what they saw and heard. An Indian brake out into admiration, that God should look upon 
p. 13.  them that had been so long in darkness; Me wonder saith he at God, that he should thus deal with us.  
That winter many questions were propounded.  

Why some so bad that they hate those that would teach them?  
A Squaw said, might she not go and pray in the wood alone, when her husband was not at home, because she was ashamed to pray in the Wigwam before company?  
To what Nation jesus Christ came first, and when?  
If a man should be enclosed in iron a foot thick and thrown into the fire, what would become of his soul, would it come forth thence?  
Why did not God give all men good hearts?  
How long is it before men believe that have the word of God made known unto them?  
How they should know when their faith and prayers be good?  
Why did not God having all power, kill the devil, that made all men so bad?  
If we be made so weak by sin in our hearts, how can we 
p. 19 p. 20.  come before God and sanctify a sabbath?   
They propounded three cases about the Sabbath.  
In the exercises, besides prayer for a blessing, Mr. eliot doth four things.  

1. He catechizeth the children and youth, by which the aged learn.  
2. He preacheth out of some Scripture plainly and briefly.  
3. If there be cause, admonition follows.  
4. They ask us questions and we answer them.   
Some cases and admonitions are there mentioned. 
Indian cases and admonitions, of one beating his wife.  1. Wampoonas' upon a light occasion beat his wife, for this he was brought before the Assembly, where the quality of the sin was opened, as against God's command, cruelty to his own body, etc. he turned his face to the wall and wept, he was so penitent and melting, that all forgave him, but the Indians would have his fine notwithstanding his repentance, which he paid 
p. 21. O●… an unruly son recovered.  also willingly. Another case of was of Cutshamaquin a Sachim, who had a son fourteen or fifteen years old, he was drunk, and behaved himself disobediently against his father and mother, they rebuked him, but he despised their admonition, he was brought before the Assembly, stood out a long time, though his father for his example confessed his own faults, the young man still persisted, divers of us called upon him to acknowledge his offence against his parents, and entreat their forgiveness, yet he refused; the Indians also affectionately put him on, divers spoke one after another, and 
p. 22.  some several times, at last he humbled himself, confessed his sin, and asked forgiveness of his father, taking him by the hand, at which his father burst into 
p. 23.  tears, he did the same to his mother, who wept also, as did divers others, and many English wept also, the house was filled with weeping, we went to prayer, all 
Prayer.  the time thereof the Sachim wept so abundantly, that the board he stood upon was all dropped with his tears. Some questions were after this propounded. 
p. 24. Questions.   
An old Powoow asked, Why we had not taught them to know God sooner?  
Another said, Before he knew God he was well, but since I have known God and sin, I find my heart full of sin.  
Whether their children go when they die, because they have not sinned?  
If any of them shall go to heaven, seeing their hearts are so full of sin, especially Nanwunwudsquas, mad after women?  
If they leave Powawing and pray to God, what shall they do when they are sick, having no skill in Physic?  
What shall we say to such Indians as oppose our praying unto God, and believing in Christ, what g●…t you say they by this, 
p. 25.  you go naked still and are as poor as we, our corn is as good as yours, and we take more pleasure than you, etc.  
They bring their cases to Mr. eliot. A Law is now 
Indian cases.  among them against gaming, other Indians demand their old debts, which they refuse to pay because it was a sin to play, and they must not pay such sinful 
p. 27.  debts. They took it to heart when Mr. eliot told them he was afraid they were weary and cooled in their love to religion, and enquired when they did hear and pray aright, how they might know when they were weary of them, what time it might be before the Lord might come and make them know him, etc. some other cases were moved by them. A man before he 
p. 33.  knew God had two wives, the first is barren, the second brought forth sweet children, which of these must he put away? if the former, they offended God, if the latter, they illegitimate their own dear children? And, a Squaw leaves her husband, commits adultery with remote Indians, hears the word; reputes, and returns to her husband still unmarried, is not he bound to receive her? An old widow Squaw said, if when men know God, 
p. 34.  God loves them, why then are any afflicted after they know him?  
Mr. eliot preaching upon Ephes. 5. 11. Have no fellowship, etc. They asked what Englishmen thought of him, 
p. 35.  because he came among the wicked Indians and taught them?  
Another said, Suppose two men sin, one knows it, the other doth not, will God punish both alike?  
Again, If a wise Indian teach good things to other Indians, should not he be as a father or brother to such?  
One T●…taswampe prayed at the burial of an Indian 
p. 37.  child, with such zeal, variety of gracious expressions, and abundance of tears, that the woods rang with their sighs and prayers, the Englishman that heard him, said, he was ashamed of himself and some others, that have had so great light, but want such good affections.   

Third Treatise.  

The glorious progress of the Gospel among the Indians, etc. published by Mr Winslow, 1649. An Indian woman living and dying Christianly. p. 6.  THat woman that propounded the first question according to appointment by another man (2. Treatise, p. 6. hujus p. 4.) moved this also.  
When my heart prayeth with my husband praying, is this praying to God aright?  
This woman kept at home, learned quickly to spin well, held her children to labour, after she submitted to the Gospel her life was exemplary, she died of a sickness taken in childbed; Mr. eliot visited her several times, prayed with her, asked her about her spiritual estate, she said she still loved God though he made her sick, and was resolved to pray unto him as long as she lived, and to refuse Powawing, she believed God 
p. 7.  would pardon all her sins, because Jesus Christ died for her, that God was well pleased in him, that she was willing to die, believed she should go to heaven, and live happy with God and Christ; of her own accord she called her children, and said to them, I shall now die, and when I am dead, your grandfather, grandmother, and Uncles, etc. will send for you to live among them, and promise you great matters, but I charge you do not believe them, live not among them; for they pray not to God, keep not the Sabbath; commit all manner of sins, and are not punished; but I charge you live here, for they pray to God, his word is taught, sins are suppressed, and punished by laws, therefore I charge you live here all your days, she died, and it fell out as she said. 'tis observed many other Indians would come in, but they have neither tools nor skill to fence 
p. 8.  in their grounds; if the word were constantly taught, government exercised; encouragements for the industrious, with means to instruct them in letters, trade and labour, as building, fishing, flax, hemp; etc. many well-minded Indians would thus be drawn together. Mr. eliot stirs up the Ministers to learn the language, and assist in the work, there is nothing else to invite but the good of souls; not so much as meat, drink, and lodging to be had among the Indians, but such as we must carry with us, beside what we give away to them, etc.  
Several questions they then propounded. 
p. 10. Indian Questions.   

Doth the Devil dwell in us, as we dwell in an house?  
When God saith honour thy Father and thy Mother, doth he mean three Fathers; our Father; our Sachim; and God?  
When a soul goes to heaven what doth it say? And what saith a wicked soul when it comes to hell?  
Why did Christ die in our steads?  
Why must we love our enemies, and how shall we do it?  
How doth Christ redeem and deliver us from sin, when every day my heart thinks I must die, and go to Hell for my sins; what shall I do in this case?  
How long was Adam good before he sinned?  
If two families dwell in one house, one prayeth, the other-doth▪ not, what shall they that pray do to them that pray not?  
Now the Indians desire to go to heaven, what shall we do that we may go thither when we die?  
How shall I bring my heart to love prayer?  
Do not Englishmen spoil their souls to say a thing cost them more than it did, and is it not all one as to steal?  
I see why I must fear hell, and do so every day, but why must I fear God?  
If I reprove a man for sin, and he answer why do you speak thus angrily, Mr. eliot teacheth us to love one another, is this well?  
If a wife put away her husband because he will pray to God and she will not, what must be done in this case? May such women as pray to God, marry those that do not pray to God?  
If my wife doth some work on the night before the Sabbath, and on the Sabbath night also, is it a sin?  
If I do that which is a sin, and know it not to be a sin, what will God say to that?  
Whether is faith set in my heart or in my mind?  
Why have not beasts a soul as well as man, seeing they have love, anger, etc. as man hath?  
Why doth God punish in hell for ever, man doth not so, but after a time lets out of prison again?  
What is faith?  
How shall I know when God accepts my prayers?  
How doth Christ make peace betwixt God and man, what is the meaning of that point?  
In wicked dreams doth the soul sin?  
Doth the soul in heaven know things done here on earth?  
If my heart be full of evil thoughts, and I repent and pray, and a few hours after it be full again, and I repent and pray again, and after this it be full of evil thoughts again, what will God say?  
What force of wicked men is lawful, and what not?  
What if a Minister wear long hair, as some other men do, what will God say?  
Why doth God so hate them that teach others to commit sin?  
If a man will make his daughter marry one she doth not love, what will God say? etc.   
There be sundry of them begin to inquire after Baptism and Church Ordinances, and Mr. eliot with consideration speaks solemnly not suddenly, nor lightly, but before the Lord, As I apprehend, saith he, in my conscience, were they but in a settled way of civility and government, cohabiting together, and I called, according to God, to live among them, I durst freely join into Church fellowship with them, and could find out at least twenty men and women in some measure fitted of the Lord for it. That Indian that was Mr eliot's Interpreter, and first taught him words, was joining himself to the Church of Dorchester, and the very day of this writing was the day for the trial of that Indian in order to his admission, and this was 2. of the 12. 1648. Since which time these labourers with the Lord have not been idle in this Vineyard, they are digging, and fencing, and gathering out the stones thereof, and planting it with the choicest vine, etc. Esa. 5. 2. and though some informations of their happy endeavours have unhappily miscarried, there be other passages that have arrived hither, to give us assurance that they wax not faint in that Gospel work, they are not indeed yet printed, but I have obtained leave to give the Reader a little taste thereof, for as we here long to understand what further footsteps be made, so the discoveries thereof will in due time and better manner be recommended.  
Mr eliot in the beginning of the last spring prepared 
Letter to Mr Winslow. 18. of the 8. 1649.  for his journey among the Indians, to a great fishing place upon Merimak, and hired an Indian to mark trees, and pilot him thither, which he did, with the help of some Indians, they passed by other of the Natives, who had heard of his preaching, and were very glad of his coming that way, but sickness prevented him at that time; howbeit upon his recovery, he went to another place called Pantukct, where from all parts they meet, there he asked them if those Indians were desirous to pray to God, and when they said yea, he demanded how many desired it, they answered Wam●…e, i. e. all. The chief Sachim of this place had heard him before, and now showed great affection to him, and the word of God, using many arguments to persuade him to tarry among them, saying, his coming but once a year did them little good, it was as if one should come and throw a fine thing among them, and they like it well, but cannot tell what is within, whether something, or nothing, but if it be opened and they see it precious, they should believe it, etc.  
Another Indian learning from Mr. eliot that he had five sons, asked him if they should all teach the Indians to know God, as he did, which when he affirmed, the other was well pleased, and Mr. eliot himself much encouraged, for he had often dedicated them in his prayers to that service of the Lord, desiring no better preferment for them, than to be fitted for that work, he endeavours therefore with that small means he hath to train them up in learning, and God will I doubt not raise up some liberal hearts and hands to assist him therein.  
This summer he was making another journey, but in regard of some quarrels among the Indians, the Church was doubtful at first of his going, which when the Nashaway Sachim heard, he took twenty men armed after their manner, and was his guard, with many other nearer Indians, so much do they hunger after instruction; this was a long journey into the wilderness of sixty miles, it proved very wet and tedious, so that he was not dry three or four days together night nor day, but the Lord upheld him and his company in strength and health. One of the Indians would needs know of Mr eliot the reason why they that pray to God, love the Indians so doing, more than their own Brethren, and when the rest of them said they all found it so in their hearts, this gave him occasion to discourse to them of the unity of the spirit. They propounded questions.  

If a man know God's word, but believe it not, and yet teach others, is that good teaching, and if others believe that teaching, is that good believing?  
And when Mr. eliot asked them How they could tell, when a man knoweth God's word, and doth not believe it, they answered, When he doth not in his practice answerable to that he knoweth.  
If I teach on the Sabbath that which you taught us, and forget something, is that a sin?  
What should I pray for at night, what at morning, and what on the Sabbath day?  
What is true repentance, and how shall I know when it is true?  
How must I wait on God?  
When I pray for a soft heart, why is it still hard?  
Can one be saved by reading the book of the creature?  
When such die as never heard of Christ, whither do they go?  
What is the meaning of the name Hebrews, why doth God say he is the God of the Hebrews?  
If one purpose to pray, and die before that time, whither goeth his soul?  
Doth God know who shall repent and believe, and who not? why then did God use so much means with Pharaoh?  
What means that, Blessed are they that mourn?  
What meaneth lifting up hands to God?  
What anger is good, and what is bad?  
If a child die before he sin, whither goeth his soul?  
If one that prays to God sin, like him that prays not, is not he worse?   
And while they discoursed of this, and about hating of wicked persons, one of them said, they must love the man and do him good, but hate his sin, etc. For I will not forestall but prepare the publication of those other remarkable occurrences; and now ex pede Herculem, when this little of those many matters worthy of observation, is seen together, none will call it a day of small things, Zach. 4. 10. Shall we call this a day of small things? Shall not those poor Natives in New England rise up in judgement against Old England and condemn it? they at once or twice preaching of the Law and Gospel, repent, and weep, and pray, and hear, and most earnestly inquire after God; but we, when the Sunshine of truth hath been so long clear among us, degenerate into those very sins which they abandon and detest, and with indignation say, get ye hence, Es. 30. 22.  
They willingly forsake their Powawing, and enchantments; but the devil is broke loose among us, and many desire commerce with those that have familiarity with him.  
The Indians set a mulct upon those women that tie 
Day break. p. 22.  not up their hair, that go with naked breasts, what would they say, what would they do, if that sex were as immodest as some in this Nation, bepainted, bedaubed, debauched, not more with spots in their faces, then stains in their glory, if Christianity be to them any honour?  
The Indians wear their hair comely as the English, 
Clear Sunshine. p. 5.  and punish those that do otherwise; there be among us that would account it piacular it should be said of them that in the least they look Rome-wards, yet like those locusts having the faces of men, they have hair as the hair of women, Rev. 9 8. grace is pleased to borrow that from nature, if a man have long hair, it is a shame to him, 1 Cor. 11. 14.  
Those Natives surely will rise up in judgement with the men of this generation and condemn them; they pray in their family's morning and evening, and upon other occasions, they sanctify the sabbath; we have those among us, that scoff and scorn these practices of piety, and call the practisers thereof Duty-mongers.  
The Indians desire public meetings, and delight in the places where God is worshipped and his word is taught; but there be those in this England that make it a great piece of religion to divide and separate, though God himself would not have us forsake the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is, Hebr. 10. 25.  
The Indians asked Mr. eliot, if any teach us good 
2 Treatis. p 35  things should we not love him as a father, or a brother? but 'tis now among some esteemed a sign of grace, and a badge of holiness, to despise their teachers, as if that Scripture of truth were never again to be fulfilled. They mocked the Messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his Prophets, until the wrath of the Lord arose against his peaple, till there was no remedy, 1 Chron. 36. 16. But many other be the sad symptoms of our England's defection and danger, and our God hath made himself many ways marvellous in New-England, We cannot call it a day of small things, Or if at first it was like a little cloud arising out of the sea as a man's hand, 1 King. 18. 44. certainly it carried with it a a sound of abundance of rain, ver. 41. even that rain that cometh down from heaven and returneth not thither but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sour, and bread to the eater; God's word hath not returned unto him void, it hath accomplished that which he pleased, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I send it, Es. 55. 10, 11.  
Now the blessing of the God of jacob be upon them and their endeavours, even the blessing of jacob upon joseph, the God Almighty help them and bless them with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, Gen. 49. 25, 26. That God by their means may say to the North give up, and to the South keep not back, bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth, Esa. 43. 6. so from the uttermost parts shall we hear songs, songs of praise, even glory to the righteous, 24. 16. and not only glory to the Lord our righteousness, but those that win many to this righteousness shall shine as the stars for ever and ever, Dan. 12. 3. and not only hereafter in that heaven of heavens, but this shall be told as England's memorial, in present and succeeding generations, and those American Nations especially shall call them blessed (Mal. 3. 12.) yea the blessings of them that were ready to perish, will come upon them, Job 29. 13. for they have done worthily in Ephrata, and are famous in Bethelem (Ruth 4. 11) and when they be indeed sensible of this great mercy, they will not only say, thanks be unto God for this unspeakable gift, 2 Cor. 9 15. But they will long to requite this kindness to the English also: and as of old almost all Nations receiving from jerusalem the first means of their Christianity, expressed their grateful minds by their charitable beneficence upon all occasions to those that dwelled there, this began in the Apostles days, Act. 11. 19 Rome 15. 26. Those of Macedonia and Achaia distributed to the poor Saints at jerusalem, so it was the use till Ieromes 
k T. 2. Ep. p. 126.  time, that all the Churches of the Gentiles sent collections to the Christians at jerusalem, because they all from thence received first the glad tidings of the Gospel; where the same Christ is preached, there will be the like Christian affections, which likewise will be demonstrable upon every possible opportunity.  
Gregory in several Epistles, not less than twenty 
Lib. 4. Ep. 52. l. 5. 10. 152. etc.  four, to the great personages of those times, shows much zeal in this kind, sometimes encouraging them, afterwards commending them for their assistance afforded to that glorious work, the first conversion of our Countrymen.  
Nothing more shall now be added but the praise and practise of 
n Crantz. Metrop. l. 5. c. 18.  Albertus the Archbishop of Hamburgh, who took upon him a resolution to visit in his own person all the Northern Provinces, not leaving so much as any one Island unbenefitted by his preaching; when all things were prepared, and his attendants chosen, and shipping ready, he was dissuaded by Zueno King of Denmark, who told him those people would sooner be instructed by men of their own Nation, who were best acquainted with the rites, manners, and language thereof; the Archbishop hereupon dealt earnestly with others to that purpose, and made them most willing to the work, for there was not a man among them whom he had not encouraged, and by his bounty he warmed their zeal in publishing the Gospel, frequently repeating that sentence of our Saviour, The harvest indeed is great, but the labourers are few, pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest, Mat. 9 37. 38. Finally as David to Solomon in the building of the Temple, 1 Chr. 22. 16. I wish it were effectually spoken to, and by all the English here and there, Up and be doing, and the Lord will be with you.     

The Relation of Master ANTONY MONTERINOS', translated out of the French Copy sent by MANASEH BEN ISRAEL.  
THE eighteenth day of El●…l, in the year five 
El●…l is the first month of the Jewish year answering to our August and to some part of September.  thousand four hundred and four from the creation of the World, came into this City of Amsterdam Mr Aron Levi, alias, Antony▪ Monterinos', and declared before me Manassah Ben Israel, and divers other chief men of the Portugal Nation, near to the said City that which followeth.  
About two years and an half ago, the said Monterinos' going from the port of Honda in the West Indies▪ to go to the Government of Papian in the Province of Quito, did hire some M●…les of a certain Indian Mystique, called Francis du Chasteau, in which company, together with other Indians, went a certain owner of Mules who was also called Francis, whom all the Indians named Cacique, to whom it fell out, passing over the mountain Cordecilla, in a day of great wind and rain, that their carriages fell to the ground, whereat the Indians being grieved, as also at the evil weather, they begin to complain of their ill fortune, saying that they deserved all that, and more also for their sins, which the said Francis hearing answered, that they should have patience, that shortly they should have rest; whereunto they answered that they deserved it not, having used the holy people so ill, and the most noble of all the Nations in the world; but chose that all the cruelties which the Spaniards had used against them did befall unto them for the expiating of that sin; after they were gone a little while, they stopped upon the Mountain to rest, and pass the night season, at which time the foresaid Monterinos' did take out of a box some few biscuits, some cheese and sweetmeats, and offered some to the foresaid Francis, saying to him, take this though thou dost speak evil of the Spaniards, whereunto he answered, that he had not told the half of the hard usage which they received from that cruel and inhuman Nation; but that after a short space they should see themselves avenged upon them by a hidden Nation: after these discourses between them, Mr Monterinos' arrived at the Town of Cartagena in the Indies, where he was taken by the Inquisition and put in prison; one day praying unto God, he uttered these words, Blessed be the name of Adonay, that he hath not made me an Idolater, a Barbarian, an Ethiopian, nor an Indian; and pronouncing the name of Indian he reproved himself, saying the Hebrews are Indians; and then coming again to himself said, am not I a fool, how can it be that the Hebrews should be Indians? the same fell out the second and third day, making the same prayer and giving the same thanks unto God, whence he gathered that that fancy did not come to him by mere chance, remembering also that which passed between him and the aforesaid Indian; so that he took an oath he would so inform himself of the whole matter, that he should know the truth, and that coming out of prison he should instantly seek the Indian, and would bring to his mind the discourse which they had together, to obtain by that means the satisfaction of his desires. Being then come out of prison by the goodness of God, he went to the forenamed Port of Honda, where he had so much good luck that he found instantly the foresaid Indian, to whom he made his application, and brought into his memory the discourse which they had upon the Mountain, whereunto he answered that he had not forgotten it, which Monterinos' hearing, said that he would go a journey with him, to which he answered that he was ready to do him service: So the said Monterinos' gave him three Pataques to buy some provision; whiles then they followed their journey and talked together, the said Monterinos' at last discovered himself unto the said Indian, and told him in these words, I am an Hebrew of the tribe of Levi, my God is Adonay, and all the rest are nothing but mistakes and deceits; whereat the Indian being somewhat surprised, did ask him the name of his predecessors, whereunto he did answer that they were called Abraham, Isaac, jacob and Israel, which the Indian hearing, did ask of him whether he had none other Father, he said yea, and that he was called Lodowick of Monterinos'; but the Indian being not well satisfied as yet, said these words unto him, on the one side I did rejoice at that which thou hast said unto me, and on the other I am resolving to disbelieve thee, because thou canst not tell me who were thy Fathers, whereunto the said Monterinos' answered with an oath, that the thing which he said was truth, having spent some time in questions and answers, and the Indian being wearied at the matter said to him, art thou not the son of Israel, to which he answered, yea, which the Indian having heard said, make an end then of thy sp●…ch, for certainly thou didst put me in such a confusion that I would have been perplexed at it all my life time; nevertheless let us rest a little and drink, and then follow on our discourse. After a little space, the Indian said unto him, if thou hast the courage and boldness to follow me, thou shalt know all what thou desirest, but I tell thee before hand thou must go a foot and eat roasted Mayz, and do that which I shall bid thee; the said Monterinos' answered, that he would not at all transgress his orders; the day following which was Monday, the Indian came to the said Monterinos', and bid him take out all that which he had in his pockets, put on his Alpergatas (these are a certain sort of shoes which the Indians wear) and take this staff and follow him, which the said Monterinos' did, leaving his cloak and his sword and all what he had, and so they followed on their way, the Indian carrying on his back three measures of roasted Mayz, two ropes, the one made with knots and an hook with two teeth to climb up by the Mountain, and the other untied, to be made use of in the Marshes and passages of Rivers, with a little Axe and the Alpergatas; they went then after this manner the whole week till Saturday on which they rested, and returned to follow their course the whole Sunday and Monday; on Thursday about eight of the clock they came to a River as broad as the Duero in Spain, and the Indian said unto him thou shalt here see thy Brethren, and making a flag of two pieces of Cotten cloth which were their girdles, made a sign, after which they saw a great smoke, and in a moment afterward the same sign with another flag; and it was not long after that they saw in a Boat coming to them three men and one woman, which being arrived to the bank of the River, the woman leapt a shore, and the men tarried in the Boat, which after a long discourse which she had with the Indian, which the said Monterinos' could not at all understand, went back to the Boat, and told the three men all that she had heard of the Indian, which came instantly out of the Boat (having always looked with attention upon him, viz. the said Monterinos') and did embrace him, and the woman did the like; after this one of the three men went back again to the Boat, and the other two together with the woman did stay there; which coming near unto the Indian he did prostrate himself at their feet, and they received him with demonstrations of civility and affection, and begun to talk with him; after a little while the Indian said to Mr Monterinos', be not amazed, and do not believe that these men will tell thee a second thing, before thou hast well understood the first; the two men instantly put him between them, and told him the verse following in Hebrew out of Deut. Chap. 6. vers. 4. Semah Israel Adonay Elohim Adonay Ehad, Hear O Israel the Lord our God is one Lord; and he informing himself of every thing by the Indian Interpreter, and learning to say it in the Spanish tongue, the two men told him that which followeth, putting a little space of time between one sentence and another.  

1. My Fathers are called Abraham, Isaac, jacob and Israel, and they named them all four with three fingers, and then they added Reuben, making a sign with four fingers.  
2. All such as will come and dwell with us we will give them lands.  
3. joseph dwells in the mids of the sea, making a sign with two fingers shut, and afterwards dividing the same into two parts.  
4. We shall all one day speak together, uttering with the mouth ba, ba, ba, and shall come forth as the earth had brought us forth.  
5. We shall go out from hence shortly (speaking hastily) some of us to look out, and to make water, and saying these words, they winked with their eyes and thrust their feet to the ground.  
6. A Messenger shall go.  
7. Francis shall say somewhat more, making a sign with the fingers, that it would be a little.  
8. Give us time to make ourselves ready, and shaking their hand on all sides, said with their mouth, and with their hands, stay not long.  
9 Send 12 men, making a sign that all shall have beards and be able to write.   
These discourses being all ended, which lasted all that day, they came back and told him the same Wednesday and Thursday, not adding a word more thereunto. And Monterinos' being wearied, that they answered him nothing to that which he asked, and that they would not permit him to pass the River, did draw near the Boat in a dissembling way, and would have cast himself therein to go to the other side, but they thrust her from the shore with a staff, and the said Monterinos' falling into the water he was in danger of being drowned, because he could not swim; the men cast themselves suddenly into the water, and drew him out, and showing themselves angry, said unto him, do not think that thou wilt bring to pass thy purpose by force; which the Indian declared unto him, and they showed unto him by signs and words.  
Notice is to be taken that the Boat for the space of those three days did not at all stay in one place, but four men went and four other came, which all of them said the same nine things which we have mentioned, being all the men who during that time came to see him, about 300 more or less.  
These men are somewhat burnt with the Sun, some of them wear their hair to their knees, some others shorter, and others as we use to wear it, fair bodies, good countenances, well made of foot and leg, with a linen about their heads.  
Moreover the said Mr Monterinos' declared, that going from that place on Thursday at night with a great deal of provision which they brought to him, he took his leave of them, having been entertained by them, during the three days which he stayed there; and having showed him how they enjoyed all things which the Spaniards have in the Indies, aswell of meats as of other things needful for the life of man. Being come the same day to the place where they had lain the night before, Mr Monterinos' said to the Indian, Francis, thou dost know that my Brethren said unto me that thou shouldest tell me something, therefore I pray thee tell it now to satisfy my desire, whereunto the Indian said, I shall tell thee what I know, if thou wilt not anger me, and shall relate unto thee the truth so as I have heard it from my Ancestors, but if thou dost vex me (which I apprehend, perceiving thee to be so speculatif) thou wilt oblige me to tell thee lies; so than I beseech thee take only heed to what I shall say unto thee.  
Thy Brethren the sons of Israel were by divine providence brought into these Countries, God doing many miracles for them, which thou wouldst not believe, if I should tell them to thee as I have heard them of my Fathers; We Indians went into those Countries and made war against them, and did use them worse than the Spaniards do us: Afterwards by the command of our Mohanes (these are their Sorcerers) we went as Soldiers towards those parts where thou hast seen thy Brethren, to wage war with them, and of all those that entered there, not one came back again alive; we made a great Army, and entering into his lands, all fell down dead, so that not one escaped; at last we raised another Army, for the making of which the Country was dispeopled wholly, so that none but old men, women and children remained therein, which came to an end as the former had done; which those who remained alive, and were not gone to that war perceiving, said, that the Mohanes had deceived them and were the cause of the death of their Fathers, for which they deserved to be put to death, having then killed many of them, those that remained alive did entreat them to hearken to them, and they would discover to them all the truth of that which they knew, which having gotten leave, declared that which followeth.  
The God of these sons of Israel is the true God, all that is written in his stories is true, they shall be Lords of all the world in the latter end, a people shall come hither which will bring many things to you, and when the land shall be well provided, these sons of Israel shall go out of their habitations, and shall become Lords of all the earth as it was theirs before, if you will be happy join yourselves to them. The Indian having made an end to relate the prediction of the Mohanes, followed on his discourse after this manner, My Fathers were Caciques, and there are yet four of them. These 5 Caciques then having heard what the Mohanes had foretold, as if they had been some of the Sages of the Hebrews, came and took their habitation near that place, to see if they could get acquaintance with some of thy Brethren. They satisfied their desire after a long▪ time by the intercession of an Indian woman: because thy Brethren would never speak to our Fathers, and he of us that went into their Lands, did fall down dead, and none of thy Brethren did pass over to us; we therefore made a League with them, by the means of that woman, under these conditions. First, that five men, sons to five Caciques or their successors, should come to visit them every seventy Moons, and that none should come with them. Secondly, that the man to whom the secret was to be declared, should be three hundred Moons old, and that nothing of this should be revealed to him in a place inhabited, but only in the open field, and when it should be revealed, that it should be in the company of all the Caciques; thus then (said the Indian) we keep this secret amongst us, for the great reward which we hope, for the innumerable services which we have done to thy Brethren. We cannot go to see them, but from seventy to seventy Moons, if no new thing fall out; there hath not been any in my time except thy arrival which they have so much desired and waited for. I find no more but three new things according to my reckoning; the first, the arrival of the Spaniards in these Countries, the second that Ships arrived in the South sea, and the third is thy arrival. Of all three they have greatly rejoiced, for they say that the Prophecies do come to pass.  
Moreover the said Monterinos' declared, that afterward he came to Honda, where the said Indian did bring to him three Indian young men, not telling him their names, till he told him that he might speak freely with them, seeing they were his companions, which whom he was in league, and that the other namely the fifth was old, and for that cause was not able to come. The three Indians did embrace him affectionately, and asked him of what Nation he was; to whom he answered, that he was of the Hebrew Nation, of the Tribe of Levi; and then they embraced him the second time, and said to him, Thou shalt see us one day, and shalt not know us, we are thy Brethren by a special favour which God hath showed us, and having saluted him they went away: the Indian Francis bid him also farewell, and that he went to speak with his Brethren in the company of the other Caciques. As concerning this Country, we have all the Indians at our command, and when we shall have made an end of these cruel Spaniards, we shall go and draw you out of the slavery wherein you are, if it please God; which he will permit, because his word cannot fail.  
Finis. Laus Deo.   

I Manasseh Ben Israel underwritten, bear w●…tnesse, that this present paper hath been copied with the whole truth of the original, and that the Author Monterinos' is a virtuous man, and separate from all manner of worldly interests; and that he swore in my presence that all that which he declared was a truth.  
MANASSEH BEN ISRAEL.  
J. DURY Received this at London, 27 of Novem. 1649.   

The Reader is entreated with his pen to amend these mistakes of the Press.  
IN the Epistle Dedicatory, remove the note at the bottom of the Margin in the third page of (b) to the second line of the next page. Page 5. line 12. read Comestor. p. 16. l. 19 r. and uneasy. p. 18. l. 3. r. è contra. p. 21. r. Witekind in the margin. p. 21. l. 16. r. they were. p. 22. l. 23. r. Maternus. p. 24. l. 19 r. records indeed. p. 32. l. last. r. thou. p. 49. l. 28. r. Israel was. p. 50. l. 8. add, should so far▪ and so suddenly degenerate. p. 6. l. 32. r. converting. p. 76. l. 31. r. for our, the. p. 80. l. 20. r. your charity. p. 93. l. 13. r. Leitourgy. and l. 15. r. pray that. p. 93. l. 15. r. holy Spirit. Our books tell us. p. 107. l. 30. r. too late. p. 118. l. 11. r. hujus. p. 113. p. 126. l. 4. r. 16, etc. p. 136. l. 12. r. their lands.