AN HISTORY OF THE Transactions Betwixt the Crown of ENGLAND And the States of the NETHERLANDS, Since they first began to be a republic, to this Day. showing the most remarkable Occurrences not onely betwixt them and the Spanyards, and how far the English Engaged in their Defence, but also all the Chief Proceedings betwixt them and the English, both in matters of War and Trade.  
LONDON, Printed by Thomas Mabb for Edward Thomas at the Adam and Eve in Little britain, 1664.   

TO THE READER.  
EPistles like Prologues of plays, being for the most part past over without Reading; I shall not therefore Enlarge myself, only to give you an Account, that I have in this work used my best Endeavours to be punctually True in these Collections; The Work itself would have afforded, matter sufficient for a Large Volume: So many of our Noble Hero's having been Engaged in their Service, and many of them lost their dearest Lives, in that Nations Defence, dying there in the Bed of Honour. Yet am I confident no matter very material is here omitted, and therefore free from those many Impertinencies with which Large Volumes must needs be stuffed. This may serve to give sufficient Instructions to the Intelligible Reader; like a little Watch showing the time of the day, as well as a great dial; and therefore more useful, because less cumbersome. Here hast thou truly presented ( and not in a Multiplying Glass) the great kindnesses the DUTCH have from time to time received of the ENGLISH; And on the other side, how unthankful the DUTCH have been for them. What my performances have been herein, I shall neither Extenuate nor extol, leaving every Reader, to judge as he best pleaseth; But this let me tell thee, if thou beest a True ENGLISH-MAN, thou canst not but in reading it, very much rescent the Injuries and Affronts which the ENGLISH have continually received from that Nation. I shall not add hereunto by way of Aggravation, nor reflect upon the Visitation of the Almighty so hevy now upon them; no less then add of 1000 dying of the Pestilence at AMSTERDAM in one Week: A True ENGLISH Nature, as he hates Ingratitude, so doth he scorn to insult over Men in misery. My Prayers therefore shall be, that the Almighty would be pleased to remove his heavy hand of Visitation from them, and that they would call to mind the great benefits they have received from the ENGLISH, and that Ingratitude is the worst of Vices.  
A True Lover of his Countries Honour, W. W.   

An History of the Transactions betwixt the Crown of England, and the State of the Netherlands, since they first began to be a republic. showing the great benefits they have received from the English, and their many neglects therein.  
TO begin with the first Rise of the Netherlandish State, who knows not with what tenderness, and upon what Terms they were first taken into the bosom of Queen Elizabeth; for after the Death of Charles King of Castile, arragon, &c. and Lord of Belgium; a Prince of great Magnanimity and pvissance: Philip the second his Son succeeded him, who transported with Ambition, and a catholic Zeal,( the Reformation of Religion beginning then to grow to some strength in that Country) he resolved to subject them to his will and pleasure: These Countries at that time, by the favour of former Princes enjoyed very large Privileges and Immunities, of which, for the better Illustrating the matter, we shall give you the heads of some of the chief: 
Dr. Heylins Microcosde of the Netherlands.  1. That the Prince should place no Stranger amongst them with Jurisdiction over their Estates and Persons in Offices of War, or Justice. 2. The Prince could give nothing to the Clergy: Nor 3. levy any Subsidies without the States of the Country; with several other Prerogatives, too many here to recite. These large Privileges King Philip thought too good for so mean a people as he esteemed them to be, besides his Zeal to the Church of Rome, from which they now were falling; He therefore resolved to reduce them by Spanish rhetoric( viz. the Sword and Cannon) and to that purpose sent the Duke of Alva with a puissant Army to be his Vice-Roy amongst them, giving him Commission to place and displace at his pleasure, and to Execute any that he found opposite to his designs; who having settled himself in the Government, quickly deprived them of their large Liberties, by taking away all Authority from the ordinary Courts of Justice, and Erecting new Consistories; Several of the Peers he Condemned and put to Death, of which the two chief, were the Counts of Horn and Egmont whom he beheaded, Garrisons of Spaniards he placed throughout all their Cities and Villages, built up divers Castles, and by Force Exacted of them the twentieth part of the Fruits of the Earth, and the tenth of moveables upon every Alienation: He also brought in the Bloody Inquisition, and did behave himself so Tyrannically, that the People were indeed truly miserable.  
Yet some there were that scaped his hands, of which number was the Prince of Orange, and Count Lodowick his Brother, who endeavoured what they could in Defence of their Country, though not with such fortunate success as they expected, for though notwithstanding many Papists as well as Protestants joined with them( it being a War of State and not of Religion) yet Duke Alva was so Potent, they could not perform much that was considerable.  
Not long after Duke Alva( whose Tyrannies had made him justly odious) was called home, and Don Lewis de Requisens was appointed governor in his stead; 
Stows annals.  During whose Rule many of the Netherlands abandoned their Country, some flying into Germany, others into France; but the greatest part of them into England: After his Death, the Prince of Orange, and his party began to recover some strength and courage; But quickly after, Don John of Austria, the natural Son of the Emperour Charles the fifth was sent governor, with a very large Commission, and great Authority; With this Don John, Queen Elizabeth often Negotiated on the behalf of the Netherlands, who promised fair although it proved but mere dissimulation, which she well understood, though she seemed to take no great notice of it, and therefore to countermine him, she underhand cherished the Netherlands as much as she could without breach of Peace with Spain, and permitted( if not sent) many English to go over to their aid; amongst whom was John Norris, second Son to the Lord Norris, Henry Cavendish, and Thomas Morgan Colonels, with several other Eminent Persons, who performed many notable services to their eternal Honour and Renown.  
But Don John, whose ambition first gaped for the kingdom of Tuness, and afterwards for that of England, by the Marriage of the Queen of Scots, then Heir to the Crown, 
Martin continued in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth.  being disappointed of his aspiring thoughts, died as it is conceived of mere grief; in whose room was Alexander Farness the Prince of Parma made governor of the Netherlands by the King of Spain, under whose Government the People were brought into worse case then ever; so that perceiving themselves too weak to deal with so potent an Enemy they began to consult, to whose Protection they had best to betake themselves; and first they declare by their writings directed to all people, that Philip of Spain was fallen from the Government, and therewith imposed an oath upon the People never to return again to the Spanish Obedience. This done, they Elected Francis Duke of Anjou, Heir Apparent to the French Crown, and then in great hopes of Marrying Elizabeth Queen of England, to be their Lord, who being settled in his Government, and made at Antwerp Duke of Brabant, Limburg, and Lorreine, he presently gave free leave for the Exercise of the Romish Religion, to as many as would swear fealty to him, and abjure the King of Spains Authority, intending rather to settle a Tyranny in himself, then to drive it from the Spaniard; and to this purpose, to strengthen himself, he attempts the strong City of Antwerp, put his Men into the Town, but it was by the Valour of the burghers shamefully repulsed; the shane of this Ignoble enterprise, together with some other disgraces, took such an impression upon him, as soon after he died with grief. At that time was the State of the Netherlands, by the invention of some quick wits, 
Dr. Heylin of Belgium.  thus described in this Hyrogliphick; a Cow represented the body of Belgium, there stood the King of Spain kicking her, the Queen of England feeding her, the Prince of Orange milking her, and the Duke of Anjou plucking her by the tail, but she bewrayed his fingers.  
During the unfortunate Government of this Duke, the Prince of Parma prevailed mightily, being victorious in all places where he came, especially after the Death of William Prince of Orange, who was treacherously slain by a shot of a Pistol; So that now the State of the Hollanders was truly miserable, having none to led them, none to Protect them, and desperate of pardon from their own Prince: trial they had made of other Protectors, but found them to mind their own profit, more then theirs. England was now the only Sanctuary they had left to fly unto, to the Queen whereof they humbly sue for aid and Protection, proffering her the sovereignty of their Provinces, and earnestly beseeching her to receive into her Patronage, the poor distressed States. Great debate was in the Council about it, whether it was meet to receive them into Protection or no; 
Martin continued.  some were very much against it, accounting them no better then Disloyal to their Lawful sovereign, and therefore unworthy of Assistance, besides the ill president to succeeding Princes, to countenance Disloyalty, though under never so specious pretences. Others were of a contrary opinion, that it was good to Receive and Aid them, least the Spaniard first conquering them, might with the more case annoy England; Besides, it was alleged the Title that the Queen had to the sovereignty of those Provinces, as being generally descended from Edward the Third, and Philip his Wife, who was Sister, and( as some report) Heir to William earl of Hainaull, Holland &c. Then if Margaret from whom the right of Spain is derived, were the Daughter of earl William, then was our Queen to succeed after Philip who was rejected: if that Margaret were( as many report) his younger Sister, then was our Queen the undoubted-Heir; her predecessors Phillippa being earl Williams Eldest Sister, &c.  
These things the Queen heard with great patience, but refused at first to take them into protection, much less to exercise sovereignty over them. But having intelligence that the Prince of Parma had taken the strong Town of Antwerp, and proceeded still on with admirable success: she looking with the eyes of pity on the distressed State of these poor Netherlands, who were now as it were, expiring, and giving up the Ghost; she at last condescended to take them into protection: in doing which, as the King of Sweden said, she did as it were, take the Crown from her head, and lay it to stake on the doubtful chance of War, the whole World standing amazed at her valour, that by this Act durst as it were proclaim open. War against the most potent Monarch in Europe, in which she must of necessity expend a world of wealth, 
Martin.  besides the loss of many a gallant English man, and all this for an unthankful Nation, who were no sooner warm but they shewed their sting, and proved the onely great vexation( because deceitful friends) to that excellent Lady, who in those Infant days was both Mother and Nurse of their ungrateful republic.  
Now the conditions of the League betwixt the Queen and the States, were these, The Queen shall sand to the united Provinces a supply of five thousand Foot and a thousand Horse under a sufficient General, one of quality and experience, and shall pay them during the War: which money the States when there is a peace shall pay back again: namely, the first year of the Peace, the expenses of the first years War, and the residue within four years after. The mean time the Queen shall have in Caution or Pledge delivered up Flushing, the Fort of Ramekins, and the Town of Briell, with the two Neighbouring Forts. The Governours of those places shall exercise no Rule over the Inhabitants, but the Garrison Souldiers onely, who shall pay all manner of Taxes and Impositions as well as the Inhabitants. Those places upon payment of the money shall be given up to the States, and not to the King of Spain, or any other enemy. The governor and two other English, whom the Queen shall nominate, shall be entertained into the States Privy Council. The States shall make no League or Confederacy without the Queens privity: nor she, but the States shall be made first acquainted, &c. This agreement as it was very acceptable to all the Netherlanders, so in most especial manner to those of zealand, who were so overjoyed thereat, that to continue the memory thereof to all posterity, they coined money with the figure of a lion recovering himself out of the Floods, and this Inscription on the one side, Luctor & Emergo; and on the other this, Authore Deo, favente Regina.  
In prosecution of this agreement, soon after were those Cautionary Towns delivered unto the English. 
Sir R Baker  Over Flushing and the Castle of Ramekins, was that deservedly honoured Gentleman, Sir Philip Sidney made governor. Not long after were great Forces sent over under the Command of the Earl of Leicester, who went thither in great pomp and glory, accompanied with the Earl of Essex, the Lords Audley and North, Sir William russel, Sir Thomas Shirley, Sir Arthur Basset, Sir Walter Waller, Sir Gervas Clifton, and other renowned Knights, besides five hundred Gentlemen, many of whom spent their dearest lives in defence of those people, whose great unworthiness hath since demonstrated to the World how unworthily they have deserved such blood to be spilled, without whom they could not have subsisted.  
But before we proceed any further in these Wars, it will not be amiss to show the Noble disposition and candour of Queen Elizabeth, that what she did was not out of ambition, nor avaricious ends, but onely mere pity and commiseration of the distressed condition of those miserable people. For having had knowledge how the States-General had by Patent committed to the Earl of Leicester the high Command and absolute Authority over the United Provinces, with the Titles of governor, and Captain General of Holland, zealand, and the Confederate Provinces, and how he was guarded with a great Retinue, and saluted by all persons with the Title of his Excellency; she forthwith to signify her displeasure thereof, sent Letters to the States-General, wherein she thus expostulateth: That to her great disparagement, 
Martins Contin.  they had cast upon the Earl of Leicester her Subject, the absolute Command over the United Provinces without her privity, when as she her self had utterly denied it; and by her Declaration had given the whole Christian World to know that she affencted no Dominion or sovereignty in the Low-Countries, but onely lent her aid to poor distressed persons. And therefore willed them to divest the Earl of Leicester of that absolute Authority, whose bounds she had set him: not because she took not their Cause to heart, which by all means she would maintain, but onely to make provision for her. Honour, which she esteemed more precious then her life.  
But to return the English being there, loved not to lie idle, but performed many gallant Services worthy their Name and Nation; particularly that Honour of Chivalry, gallant Sir Phillip Sidney, who upon a sudden onset, took in the strong Town of axle in Flanders; but in the full Curreir of his Victories, encountering with a party of the Enemies near Zutphen, he was unfortunately shot in the thigh, and five and twenty days after died in the flower of his Age, whose death caused a general lamentation amongst all sorts of people: he being a Gentleman in whom were comprised all virtues and Valours that could be expected to reside in man. His Funerals were afterwards solemnized in sumptuous manner at S. Pauls Church in London. Both Universities made Funeral Verses upon him, and New college in Oxford framed an elegant trophy to his Honour. James King of Scotland made his Epitaph, which is yet preserved in a Table in the Cathedral Church of S. Paul, containing these Verses: 

Weavers Funeral Monument.  England, Netherland, the Heavens and the Arts,  
All Souldiers and the World, have made six parts  
Of the Noble Sidney, for none will suppose  
That a small heap of stones can Sidney enclose.  
England hath his Body, for she it bread,  
Netherland his blood, in her defence  shed;  
The Heavens his Soul, the Arts his famed,  
All Souldiers the grief, the World his good Name.   
But notwithstanding the loss of this and many other gallant men, with divers notable achievements performed by the English, yet the Dutchmen were of such lavish tongues, that they ceased not to rail on their Defenders with many reviling and opprobrious speeches; and at last so far prevailed with Queen Elizabeth that Leicester was called home; who at his departure gave some pieces of Gold to several of his friends, upon one side whereof was his own picture, on the other, a few wandring Sheep, and a Dog leaving them, but looking back: by the Dog these words, Invitus desero; by the Sheep these, Non gregem, sedingratos.  
The States General in the room of the Earl of Leicester choose Maurice of Nassaw, son to the Prince of Orange by Anne of Saxany, daughter to Maurice the brave Elector; and over the English Forces by the Queens appointment was Peregrine Lord Willoughby made General. In this state stood the Affairs of the Netherlands, at such time when as the Spaniards with their Invincible Armado( as they termed it) sought to devour all England at one mouthful.  
And now her own danger being over by the overthrow of the Spaniards, yet was she as solicitous to provide for the good and welfare of the Netherlands. At that time the Zelanders were at such difference with the Hollanders, that without their knowledge they craved protection of the French King, which being by him intimated to Queen Elizabeth, she was sore displeased thereat, and never left till she had made them good friends. Nay when as Groining a wealthy Town of Friezland, which could not endure the Spaniards Command, nor would not submit to the States, sued to her for Protections she refused to receive it, so kind was she, and ready to do all good Offices to that Nation, who have since ill requited the English for their pains.  
Ten years had now the War endured, in which time, what a deal of English blood was spilled in their quarrel! and the whole Land thereby greatly exhausted both of money and Military men, with the long continued War against the King of Spain, who for no other cause became our enemy, but for assisting them in their greatest necessity: so that now they are secured, and their Dominions enlarged by the English means, insomuch that they were able to lend aid to their Neighbours. Nay they were grown so high upon the aid of the English, that when certain Delegates met at Bulloign about a Peace betwixt England and Spain, they were so far from regarding a Peace, that at the same time they had a thought of reducing the Sea cost of Flanders under their Command. To which purpose they landed an Army there of 14000 Foot and 3000 Horse, under the Command of Maurice on Nassaw; and 1500 of English under the Conduct of Sir Francis Vere, and his Brother Horatio. 
Sir R Baker  At which time chanced the famous battle of Newport against the Archduke and the Spaniard, wherein fell 9000 of the Spaniards: which Victory was chiefly obtained by the incomparable Valour and, Magnanimity of the English, as the Spaniards themselves confessed though it cost them dear, 800 of their 1500 being slain and sore wounded.  
Thus we see through the series of this discourse how candidly the Queen of England, dealt with the Netherlanders, being so far off from self ends in the business, that she refused all advantages which might in the least seem derogatory to her honour. And whereas it is the nature of most Princes to make up their own ends upon other Nations miseries, she was so contrary from taking advantage of their calamities( although she had a golden opportunity put into her hands) that by the aiding of them, she not onely exhausted her Treasure, lost many brave heroic persons in their quarrel, but also engaged the most potent Monarch in christendom to be her Enemy. Now who could think such stupendious courtesies could be so soon butted in the Grave of Oblivion; or that a Nation could be so unworthy as to play the Snake in the Fable, seek to destroy those who had preserved them; or to injure that Nation who themselves had not been a People without their aid. And yet such we find them to be, for by the English aid being now grown potent not onely at home, but also in foreign Countries, they began to grow insolent even in the very time of Queen Elizabeth, who had been their Protector and Defendress. After her death, King James coming to the Crown, who was a Prince of a peaceable inclination, they grew higher and higher, offering many affronts to the English, especially in the East-Indies, where now they had arrived to a great height of Trade; insomuch that several complaints came to the King and his Council against their proceedings; which occasioned two several Treaties, 
Jo. Selden. mere Clausum.  the one at London Anno 1613. the other at the Hague in Holland, in the year 1615. which by their cunning evasions proved to be fruitless. At last in a third Treaty, Anno 1619. there was a full and solemn Composition made of all differences betwixt them, and a fair Order set for their future proceedings. Amongst other Articles, one was, that these Islands which were then in possession of the English should continue theirs, of which Palaraon, one of the Islands of Banda was one. But notwithstanding this Agreement, the Hollanders forbear the publishing thereof in the Indies until such time they had taken the said iceland of Palaroon, and that upon a very slight occasion, as you shall understand. A young man an Orankeys son, a Gentleman of Palaroon had committed felony, for which he was to suffer death by the Laws of that Country; but he to save his life, fled to another iceland called Landa, and there turned Christian: but understanding that would not keep him from punishment, he afterwards went to another iceland called Nera, where the Dutch had a strong Fort, and there informed the Netherlandlish governor, that the Orankeys of Palaroon had conspired to destroy the Dutch as well at Pallaroon as at Poloney by the assistance of the people of Seran, who should sand over thirty Curricurries for that intent. Upon this Information, certain Fisher-boats of the Palaroons that were fishing at Poloney, were seized upon, and the men committed to prison. 
Hist. of Amboyna.  Then did they sand to Palaroon for the rest of the Orankeys to appear before them; and they being innocent, not dreading any danger, as intending none, to the number of 70 with their Priest appeared before them; who were all immediately committed to Prison: afterwards with a force of two hundred men, they entered Palaroon, and brought all the rest of the Orankeys Prisoners to their Castle; and having by tortures forced Confessions from them, a hundred sixty and two of them, together with their Priest were condemned and executed: their Wives, Children, and Slaves, being distributed into other Islands subject to the Dutch Command. Then did they demolish and deface the buildings, transplant the Nutmeg Trees, plucking them up by the roots, and planting them in other Islands of their own, by this means making the iceland of little use or profit to the English, as destitute of Trees, and especially people, without whom neither the English nor the Hollanders can maintain their Trade in the Indies.  
Soon after, viz. in March 1623. they proceeded to Acts of a more higher nature, so great and bloody, that were it not confirmed by infallible Testimonies, Posterity might seem to doubt that any People professing Christianity, should upon such slight surmised accounts, commit the same: the manner whereof we shall briefly deliver unto you.  
Among other Islands in the East Indies wherein the English and Dutch traded; Amboyna was one; wherein( according to the agreement made at the Treaty in London, Anno 1619.) the Hollanders( for some charges they pretended to be at in winning of the Trade of those Parts from the Spaniards and Portugals) were to enjoy two third parts of the Trade; and the English the other. In pursuance of which Agreement, the English East India Merchants had planted certain Factories there, of which at that present Captain Gabriel Towerson was Master.  
The Dutch exceeded very much in number, and for their defence had built there a very strong Fortress, with four Points or Bulwarks, and upon each of them Points six great pieces of Ordnance mounted, most of them of Brass. This Fort was defended by 200 Dutch Souldiers, and a Company of Free burghers, besides some three or four hundred Mardikers( as they called the Natives) ready to serve them at an hours warning. Here did these two Nations keep Trading together for about two years, though not without some difference and jars; the English complaining that the Hollanders lavished away much money in building, and unnecessary expenses upon the Forts, and the like, by that means bringing large and unreasonable accounts to the common reckoning, so contriving the Common Actions and Charge to their private advantage. But these were but petty injuries in respect of that which was acted soon after, and which we now come to relate.  
A Japoner soldier of the Dutch, walking one night upon the Wall of the Castle of Amboyna, grew so inquisitive as to ask the sentinel( a Hollander) some questions concerning the strength of the Castle, and the number of people therein; for which he was apprehended and put to the torture: so dangerous a thing it is to meddle with Edge Tools, or to seek to be wise in that whose knowledge may do us hurt. This Japoner through the extremity of pain, was brought to confess that himself and sundry others of his Country men had contrived to surprise the Castle; which occasioned divers others of them to be examined and tortured, and at last drew out a confession from them, that the English were concerned with them therein. Hereupon one Abel Price Chirurgeon of the English( who was then a Prisoner in the Castle, for offering in his drunkenness to have set a Dutch mans house on fire) was by them brought to the torture, which he being not able to endure, soon confessed whatsoever they would have him. Upon his confession they presently sent for Captain Towerson, and the rest of the English, who lived not in the Castle, but under Protection thereof, in a house of their own in the Town; who appearing before the governor, he  told them that they were accused of a Conspiracy to surplize the Castle and therefore till further Trial they were to remain Prisoners. Having thus secured the men, they sand to search the house, where all the Military provision they found was onely three Swords, two Hand-guns, and about half a pound of Powder. Great provisions sure to effect such things as were laid to their charge! How ever they would not, or at least would not seem to be convinced of their innocency, but immediately sent to the two other Factories in the same iceland; apprehending the rest of the English there: as also at Cambello and Loho, and brought them in irons unto Amboyna. The names of all which Prisoners were as followeth: Captain Gabriel Towerson, Abel Price, who was a Prisoner before, Emanuel Thompson, John beaumont, Edward Collins, William Webber, Ephraim Ramsey, Timothy Johnson, John Fardo, Robert Brown, Samuel Colson, John clerk, George Sharrock, John saddler, John Powl, John Wetheral, Thomas Ladbrook, and William Grigs. Having them thus in Custody, they proceed by tortures to make them confess whatsoever was asked them. The manner of which Torture we shall for the rarity thereof deliver it unto you; First they hoist them up by the hands with a Cord upon a large Door, making them fast with two Staples of iron, fixed on both sides at the top of the Door posts, so haling their hands one from the other as wide as ever they could make them to stretch: having thus fastened their hands, and their body hoist some two Foot from the ground, then they stretched their legs asunder as far as they would reach, which they likewise made fast beneath unto the Door posts, on each side. Next they bound a cloth about their neck and face, so close as that little or no water could go by: this done, they poured the water softly upon their heads till the cloth was full up to the mouth and nostrils, or somewhat higher; insomuch that in drawing their breath they must of necessity suck in the water, which with long continuance, forced all their inward parts, coming out of their nose, ears, and eyes, so stifling and choking them, that at last it took away their breath, and brought them into a swooning condition; then would they take them down and make them vomit up their water again, and being a little recovered, hoice them up again, and serve them as before. Thus would they handle them three or four several times together, till their bodies would be swollen sometimes twice or thrice as big as before, their Cheeks showing like to great blown bladders, and their Eyes staring and struting out beyond their foreheads. And now if they would not confess whatsoever they would have them to do, then would they torment them by a contrary Element, setting burning Candles to the bottoms of their feet whilst they were thus hanging, continuing so till many times the fat dropped out the Candles, and they were forced to apply fresh lights. They would also burn them under the elbows, in the palms of their hands, and under their arm-pits, till their very inwards might evidently be seen. Thus did they serve several of the English, forcing them by these merciless tortures, to confess and say whatsoever they would have them, and to accuse both themselves and others of crimes they never had imagined.  
And now at last from torturing they came to Condemnation, and soon after proceeded to Execution, twenty persons dying for this surmized offence, viz. ten English, nine Japoneses, and a Portugal, the Guardian of the Slaves under the Dutch. The names of the English are as followeth; Captain Gabriel Towerson, the Agent of the English at Amboyna; Samuel Colson, Factor at Hitto; Emanuel Tompson, Assistant at Amboyna; Timothy Johnson, Assistant there also; John Wetheral, Factor at Cambello; John clerk, Assistant at Hitto; William Griggs, Factor at Larica; John Fardo, Steward of the House; Abel Price, chirurgeon; and Robert Brown, Talor.  
The name of the Portugal that suffered with them was Augustine Perez, born at Bengala.  
To satisfy the Inquisitive, here also follows the names of those Japoneses that suffered with them.  

Hititso born at Firando.  
Tsiosa born at Firando.  
Sinsa born at Firando.  
Sidney Migiel born at Nagansarque.  
Pedro congee born at Nagansarque.  
Thome Coreu born at Nagansarque.  
Quiandayo, Native of Corvets.  
Tsabinda of Ttsoncketgo.  
Zanchoe of Fisien.   
The Dutch in their examinations were so politicly cruel; as to make both the English and the Japoners believe that each had accused other: which made the Japoners to cry out upon the English, saying, Oh you English men! where did we ever in our lives eat with you, talk with you, or( to our best remembrance) ever see you? To which the English replied, Why then did you accuse us? Whereupon they perceiving how deceitfully they had been used, shewed them their tortured bodies, saying, If a ston were thus burnt, would it not change its Nature? how much more we that are but flesh and blood!  
To the Dutch cruelty we may add their avariciousness: for having prepared a Cloth of black Velvet for Captain Towersons body to fall upon, and it being thereby somewhat stained and defaced with his blood, they afterwards put it upon the English Companies account.  
Now though to any discerning Reader, the innocency of these men may sufficiently appear, yet for further satisfaction, we shall give you an account of some other things which happened at that time, and were by understanding persons interpnted as a token of the wrath of God for this barbarous tyranny of the Hollanders.  
At the very instant of the Execution, there arose such a horrible darkness, together with a sudden and Violent Tempest and Gust of wind; that two of the Dutch Ships then riding in the Harbour, were by the violence thereof driven from their Anchors, and were not without much difficulty preserved from the Rocks. Some few days after one William Dunckin who had informed the governor that Robert Brown the English tailor had  told him some few Moneths before, that he hoped e're six Moneths were ended, the English should have as much to do in the Castle of Amboyna as the Dutch. This man coming to the Grave one Evening, where the English( all but Captain Towerson) were butted in a Pit, he suddenly fell down thereupon, and having lain there some while, rose again distracted of his Wits; and so continuing two or three days together in that ravening posture, he thou died. At the heels of this, fell a new and unwonted sickness amongst them, which swept away about a thousand people Dutch and Amboyners, in that space wherein commonly there died not above thirty or forty persons at other seasons.  
But part of their revenge was reserved for a further season, 
Mr. Hamm. L'Strange. History of King charles the First.  viz. the year 1630. seven years after this horrible cruelty; which according as I find it delivered in an Author of good account, I shall impart it to you in his own Words.  
Eighteen Hollanders( whereof three had been Actors in the English Tragedy at Amboynd) supping at Francksort( a City in Germany) as they were passing to Strasburgh, boasted in their cups what they had done to our Nation in that iceland, which one in their Company observing, related it to two English Captains of Horse then in service of the Emperours, and two of whose kindred suffered there. These two Captains having notice which way the Hollanders were to pass way-laid them in a Wood with a Troop of Horse; and having met them, bad them stand: that done, willed them to prepare for death, for die they must. The Hollanders replied, they hoped not so, for all their money was at their dispose. We seek not your money, said the two Captains, but your lives, and will now be revenged for those barbarous torments three of this your Company put our Country men and Allies to at Amboyna: and had we leisure we would serve you so too. First, they hung up Johnson the chief of the Amboynests, and made the other seventeen cast the Dice which of them should escape to carry the Intelligence into Holland. The fifteen guiltless persons thought this hard measure, and hoped they would not punish them for others faults. But the Gentlemen pleaded, Legem talionis, and that they might as well hang them, as their Countrymen were butchered at Amboyna without cause. So without further Indictment they hanged up sixteen, and sent the odd man home. Some satisfaction, but, although almost two for one, not equiparate to the merit of that Nations cruelty: These seventeen had a merciful and quick dispatch; our ten at Amboyna, the ingenious Devills did so exquisitely torture, as the poor Patients had nothing but clear consciences, to make them believe they felt not Hell above ground.  
But to return, he that thoroughly considers this business in all the parts thereof, and with what improbabilities there could be of a Plot, or what ground there could be for any such conceits as was pretended; certainly, he that considers all things, must needs conclude it to be a mad Plot, for which Captain Towerson might rather have been sent to Bedlam, or the Dullen-hoff( as the Dutch term it) then to the Gallows.  
For with what confidence durst ten English men( whereof scarce one of them a soldier) attempt any thing upon such a defensible place, and how ill provided were they for it? there being( as we said before) found at the Seizure of their house, onely three Swords, two Muskets, and about half a pound of Powder; terrible Provision to perform wonders, and which might suit well for a Romance, not a Reality: As for the assistance of the Japons, they were but ten neither, and all unarmed as well as the English; neither was there any Ship or Pinnace of the English in the Harbour at that time; whereas the Hollanders had then in the Road Eight Ships, and Vessells of good defence and burden. It is true indeed, our Chronicles do report many gallant heroic actions performed by the English, and Holland can witness divers of them; yea, oftentimes hath reaped the fruit of the English Resolution: but scarce any Story or Legend do report such foolhardiness, either of the English or others, that so inconsiderate a party, destitute of all provisions and supp●ies, should dare to undertake such an adventure upon a counter-party so extraordinarily provided in all points.  
But should we particularise all the injuries and contumelies by the Dutch done to the English, they would make our Book swell to too great a Vollum; we shall therefore only summarily run over some most material, 
Hist. Ambol.  leaving the rest to more Volluminous Historians: And first, in their Invasion of the Islands of Lantore and Polaroone, which they forcibly wrested from the English, raised and demolished their Forts, binding the English( though not so much as resisted by them) to Stakes, with Ropes about their necks, almost strangling them with the same, then flourishing their naked Swords about them, as if they would presently dispatch them out of the World; and being thus amazed and bound, tumble them down the Rocks, and after carry their crushed and bruised bodies away in Irons.  
In other places did they pretend to such a height of Jurisdiction, that they would take upon them the conusance of controversies between the English and Indians, and though beyond the compass of their bounds yet would they presume to pass sentence, and execute the same by plain force, by seizing of the English Companies goods, Fining, Imprisoning, Stocking, yea, Whipping our People at a Post in the Market-place, and then washing them with vinegar and salt.  
To these we might add injuries in point of partnership, as their putting great sums to the Common Account, 
J. Seldens  which were disbursed to the private gain and behoof of the Dutch; giving great presents for the glory of their Nation, without( nay against) the consent of the English; and making War for the enlargement of their own Dominion, yet bringing the charge to the Common Account; with infinite other the like particulars, too long here to recite; all which, with many other indignities of the like nature, we may ascribe to their insatiable covetousness, to gain thereby the sole trade of the Mollucco's, Banda, and Aboyna, which was the main end of their designs.  
But to look a little back, in matters betwixt the two Nations nearer home; where we shall find them as busy to encroach upon the English Rights, and to gain that which God and Nature hath bestowed upon us. viz. the Fishing in our narrow Seas, thereby eating the bread out of many thousand English Mens mouths, contrary to their right, His Majesty of Great britain having the sole Power and Command of Fishing upon all the Coasts of his three kingdoms as hath been asserted by divers Learned Authors; Yet so bold were they therein even as it were, in the beginning of King James's Reign that he was forced to assert his right by proclamation, wherein he forbade all persons the use of the Seas upon our Coasts, without particular licence, part of which Proclamation containing the grounds thereof, take as follows.  
Whereas we have been contented since our coming to the Crown, 
J. Selden. Contin.  to tolerate an indifferent and promiscuous kind of liberty to all our friends whatsoever, to fish within our streams, and upon any of our Coasts of Great britain, Ireland, and other adjacent Islands, so far forth as the permission or use thereof might not redound to the impeachment of our Prerogative Royal, nor to the hurt and damage of our loving subject, whose preservation and flourishing estate we hold ourself Principally bound to advance before all worldly respects: So finding that our continuance therein, hath not only given occasion of over-great encroachments upon our Regalities, or rather Questioning for our right, but hath been a means of daily wrongs to our own people that exercise the trade of fishing, as( either by the multitude of strangers, which do preoccupie those places, or by the injuries which they receive most commonly at their hands our Subjects are constrained to abandon their fishing, or at least are become so discouraged in the same, as they hold it better for them to betake themselves to some other course of living, whereby not only divers of our Coast-towns are much decayed, but the number of mariners daily diminished, which is a matter of great consequence to our Estate, considering how much the strength thereof consisteth in the Power of shipping and use of Navigation; We have thought it now both just and necessary in respect that we are now by Gods favour Lineally and Lawfully possessed, as well of the iceland of Great britain, as of Ireland, and the rest of the Isles adjacent to bethink ourselves of good lawful means to prevent those inconveniences, and many others depending upon the same. In consideration whereof, as we are desirous that the World may take notice, that we have no intention to deny our Neighbours, and Allies, those Fruits and Benefits of peace and friendship, which may be justly expected at our hands in Honour and Reason, or are afforded by other Princes mutually in the point of Commerce, and exchange of those things which may not prove prejudicial to them: So because some such convenient order may be taken in this matter as may sufficiently provide for all those important considerations which do depend thereupon; We have resolved first to give notice to all the World, that our express pleasure is, That from the beginning of the Month of August next coming, no person of what Nation or Quality soever, being not our Natural born Subjects, be permitted to fish upon any of our Coasts, and Seas of Great britain, Ireland, and the rest of the Isles ad acent, where most usually heretofore any fishing hath been, until they have orderly demanded and obtained Licenses from us, or such our Commissioners, as we have authorised in that behalf, viz. at London, for our Realms of England and Ireland, and at edinburgh for our Realm of Scotland; which Licenses, our intention is, shall be yearly demanded, for so many Vessels and Ships, and the Tonnage thereof, as shall intend to fish for that whole year, or any part thereof, upon any of our Coasts and Seas as aforesaid, upon pain of such chastisement, as shall be fit to be inflicted upon such wilful offenders.  
But notwithstanding this Proclamation, and the Kings care for the good of his Subjects, the Netherlanders ceased not still to use their old way of encroachment upon our Seas and Coasts, during the time that King James Reigned; and grew at length so bold, as to contest with him for the same, and to that purpose hired Hugo Grotius, 
Ibid. ( a man of great Learning, and Extraordinary Knowledge, in things both Divine and human) to assert and maintain a natural and perpetual Community of the Sea; which he handled in two Books; The one called, mere Liberum, the other, De Jure belly & Pacis; which opinion entrenching upon the King of Englands Right and Prerogative; Sir Dudley Carleton, then Lord ambassador there, desired might be suppressed, and the author punished, That others by his Example might be deterred from defending that Opinion. These works of Hugo Grotius was afterwards Answered, and his Majesties Right and Prerogative maintained, by the Pen of the Learned Selden, in a Book called, mere Clausum, which is now Extant.  
But though King James was minded stithy to maintain his Dominion over the Seas,( a Right which his Progenitors had possessed invioably for many hundreds of years) yet were they so bold as to endeavour to quarrel him out of his Right, pretending a Right of their own by Immemorial Possession, because of the long connivance of Himself; and Queen Elizabeth; and this, some of their Commissioners which were sent over hither, had the confidence to pled in Terminis to the King and his Council. And notwithstanding the King did oft insist upon his Right, not onely by his Council to their Commissioners, and by his ambassador to their superiors, yet did his indulgence gain nothing from them, but artificial delays, Pretences Shifts, Dilatory Addresses, and Evasive Answers; and in conclusion, 
Sir. R Baker  onely a verbal acknowledgement of those Rights, which at the same time that they acknowledged, they usually designed to invade with much more insolence then formerly.  
In this presumptuous course did they continue the Reign of King James, as also the beginning of the Reign of his Son, our late dread sovereign; Insomuch, that at length, they fell to a down-right Impeachment of his Right, not in words only, but by contemning the Command of his Officers, prohibiting the English free Commerce within their own Seas; abusing and disturbing the Subjects at Sea, and the King himself in his very-Ports, and Chambers; and by many other actions of so intolerable a nature, that in the Year, 1635. He gave Order for the setting forth of a powerful Fleet, to check the Audacious designs and Attempts of those unthankful Neighbours; and in prosecution of his purpose, sent forth a Proclamation for restraint of Fishing on the Seas and Coasts without licence, which Proclamation served to speak the mind and intent of those Naval preparations then inhand; which were so numerous and well provided, that the Hollanders themselves being touched with an apprehension of their own Guiltiness, for their bold Encroachments, soon betrayed their jealousies and fears, and in them a sense of their offences, before ever the Proclamation was made public. But since the grounds and reasons of preparing that Gallant Navy, with the Kings Resolution to maintain his Right, derived to him from his Royal Ancestors, are contained at large, in an Acute Letter sent from one Secretary cook, to Sir William Boswell, the Kings Resident then at the Hague. I shall spare the pains of writing further, and deliver, it unto you in his words, as followeth:  
SIR,  
BY your Letters and otherwise, I perceive many jealousies and discourses are raised upon the preparations of his Majesties Fleet, 
J. Selden.  which is now in such forwardness, that we doubt not but within this Month it will appear at Sea. It is therefore expedient both for your Satisfaction and Direction, to Inform you particularly what was the occasion, and what is his Majesties intention in this work.  
First, we hold it a Principle not to be denied, that the King of Great britain is a Monarch at Land and Sea, to the full extent of his Dominions, and that it concerneth him as much to maintain his sovereignty in all the british Seas, as within his Three kingdoms; Because, without that, these cannot be kept safe; nor he preserve his Honour and due Respect with other Nations. But Commanding the Seas, he may cause his Neighbours, and all Countries to stand upon their Guard whensoever he thinks fit. And this cannot be doubted, that whosoever will Encroach upon him by Sea, will do it by Land also, when they see their time. To such presumption mere Liberum gave the first Warning-piece, which must be Answered with a defence of mere Clausum, not so much by Discourses, as by the louder Language of a powerful Navy, to be better understood, when over-strained patience seeth no hope of preserving her Right by other means.  
The Degrees, by which his Majesties Dominion at Sea hath of late Years been first impeached, and then questioned, are as considerable as notorious.  
First, to cherish, and as it were, to nurse up our unthankful Neighbours, we gave them leave to gather wealth and strength upon our Coasts, in our Ports, by our Trade, and by our People. Then they were glad to invite our Merchants Residence with what Privileges they would desire. Then they offered to us the sovereignty of their Estates, and then they sued for licence to Fish upon the Coasts, and obtained it under the great Seal of Scotland, which now they suppress. And when thus by leave, or by connivance, they had possessed themselves of our Fishings, and onely in Scotland, but in Ireland and England, not by our Staple had raised a great stock of Trade; by these means they so increased their Shipping and Power at Sea, that now they endure not to be kept at any distance: Nay, they are grown to that confidence to keep Guards upon our Seas, and then to project an office and Company of Assurance for the Advancement of Trade; and withall, prohibet us free Commerce even within our own Seas, and take our Ships and Goods, if we comform not to their Placarts. What insolences and Cruelties they have committed against us heretofore, in Ireland, in Greenland, and in the Indies, is too well known to all the World. In all which, though our sufferings and their wrong may seem forgotten, yet the greatest interest of his Majesties Honour, is still the same, and will refresh their memories as there shall be cause: For, though charity must reunite wrongs done to private men, yet the reflection upon the public, may make it a greater charity to do Justice on crying crimes. All this notwithstanding, you are not to conceive that the work of this Fleet, is either revenge, or execution of Justice for these great Offences past; but chiefly, for the future to stop the violent current of that presumption whereby the Men of War, and Free-booters of all Nations( abusing the Favour of his Majesties Peaceable and Gracious Government, whereby he hath permitted all his Friends and Allies, to make use of his Seas and Ports in a reasonable and free manner, and according to his Treaties) have taken upon them the boldness, not onely to come confidently at all times into all his Ports and Rivers, but to convey their Merchants Ships as high as his Chief City, and then to cast Anchor close upon his magazines, and to contemn the Commands of his Officers, when they required a further distance: But which is more intolerable, have Assaulted and Taken one another within his Majesties Chamber, and within his Rivers, to the same scorn and contempt of his Dominion and Power; and this being of late years an ordinary practise which we have endeavoured in vain to reform by the ways of Justice and Treaties, the World I think will now be satisfied, that we have reason to look about us. And no wise man will doubt that it is high time to put ourselves in this Equipage upon the Seas, and not to suffer that Stage of action to be taken from us for want of our appearance.  
So you see the general ground upon which our Counsels stand; In particular, you may take notice, and publish as cause requires; That his Majesty by this Fleet intendeth not a rapture with any Prince or State, nor to infringe any point of his Treaties; but resolveth to continue and maintain that Happy Peace wherewith God hath blessed his kingdom; and to which all his Actions and Negotiations have hither tended, as by your own Instructions you may fully understand. But withall considering, that Peace must be maintained by the Arm of Power, which onely keeps down War, by keeping up Dominion, his Majesty thus provoked, finds it necessary even for his own Defence and Safety, to Re-assume and keep his ancient and Undoubted Right in the Dominion of these Seas, and to suffer no other Prince or State to Encroach upon Him, thereby assuming to Themselves or their admirals, any sovereign Command; but to force them to perform due homage to his admirals and Ships, and to pay them acknowledgements, as in former times they did. He will also set open, and protect the Free Trade both of his Subjects and Allies: And give them such safe Conduct and Convoy, as they shall reasonably require. He will suffer no other Fleets or Men of War, to keep any Guard upon those Seas, or there to offer Violence, or take Prizes, or Booties, or to give Interruption to any lawful intercourse. In a word, his Majesty is resolved, as to do no Wrong, so to do Justice both to his Subjects and Friends, within the limits of his Seas. And this is the Real and Royal design of this Fleet, whereof you may give part as you find occasion to our good Neighbours in those parts, that no umbrage may be taken of any Hostile act or purpose to their prejudice in any kind: So wishing you all health and happiness, I Rest  
Your assured Friend and Servant Jo. Cook. Whitehall, 16. April, 1635. Old style.  
In this Letter you see first, how it was held for an undeniable Principle, that the King was King as well by Sea as by Land; That neither the Honour nor Safety of this iceland and Ireland could be maintained, but by preserving the Dominion by Sea; and that it is an Argument, that they that Encroach upon us by Sea, will do it also by Land when they see their time. He declares also, how our unthankful Neighbours are risen, to this height and insolence, partly by grant, partly by connivance, but principally through their many injurious abuses of our Patience and Indulgence. And lastly, you may observe here what Resolutions were then taken to prevent the like injuries, and preserve our English Interest in time to come; And no doubt, but that Prudent Prince would with his naval Forces have brought down their insolency, had his Subjects been as forward to have supplied Him in that necessary occasion, as they were afterwards to contribute to His Enemies against Him.  
Yet notwithstanding all hindrances, Anno 1635. The King set out a Gallant Fleet of Threescore sail, 
Sir R. Baker  whereof the earl of Lindsey was admiral, and the earl of Essex Vice-Admiral; who scoured the Seas from pirates formerly molesting, whereby our Commodities were safely transported, and the English pvissance rendered so considerable in the eyes of foreign Princes, that the King of Spain judged it his surest way to entrust his Bullion in our bottoms, which was coined in England, to the unspeakable benefit of the Kings Mint, as also to the Merchants, whose Commocities were exchanged thereby, the remainder of the Money being paid at Flanders by way of Exchange. At this time the French and Hollanders had confederated together to infest the Spaniard in Flanders, the one by Land, and the other by Sea; But the Hollanders are removed from before Dunkirk by the English Fleet, and the Natives discontented by the insolences of the French; rose up in arms against them, and joining with the Spaniard, expelled them out of the Country.  
The good success of this Fleet, Encouraged the King next Year to sand another, consisting of the like number, under the Command of the earl of Northumberland; who Sailing Northwards, scoured the Seas of the Dutch Busses, seizing some, sinking others, and making the rest to fly; reducing them thereby to a precarious condition of entreating the favour of Fishing by the Kings Commission, and no doubt had not the disposition of his Affairs hindered him, he would have sufficiently restrained them from Encroaching upon his Rights in the british Seas.  
But the averseness of his Subjects to any compliance of Charge, was to him a great disadvantage, as on the other side, of great advantage to the Hollanders, who now were grown so presumptuous as to set upon the Spaniards in the british Seas, which( as being both Friends to England) ought by Rule of State to have been an Harbour of Retreat to secure the weaker from the Stronger, and not the Scene of their Hostile Engagement; the manner of which Fight we shall deliver unto you.  
The Spanish Fleet consisting of near seventy Sail, under the Conduct of Don Antonio D'oquenda, with about Twenty Five Thousand Men, 
Mr. Hamm. L'Strange. History of King charles the First.  and a considerable sum of Money, were Bound and Designed for a Recruit to Dunkirk in Flanders; but by the way, met with the Dutch Vice-Admiral, with seventeen Sail of Good Men of War, by whom they were forced to an Engagement, which happened upon the 7th of September, Anno 1639. In which the Hollander perceiving himself too weak, got to the Wind-ward, Sailing along with them towards Dunkirk, continually firing their Ordnance upon them, to give warning to Van Trump the Dutch Admiral, who lay before Dunkirk with the Residue of the Navy; In this Fight the Hollanders had two Ships sunk, but the next Morning by two of the Clock, the Admiral came up with ten Ships, and joining Forces with the Vice-Admiral, between Dover and Calice, they fell upon the Spaniard in a very sharp Encounter, which continued the space of half a day, wherein the Dutch had much the better, taking two galleons, sinking another, and sorely shattering the rest, though they were but Twenty Five Sail, to the Spaniards Sixty and Upwards, and at last forced them upon the English cost near Dover, where they left them, and bore off towards France, till they might consult what was next to be done.  
The beaten Spaniard, being now got as they thought under the Lee of Englands Protection, begun to devise how to get rid of their bad Neighbours; and by their Resident importuned the King to Protect them from the Hollander for two Tides, that they might have convenience to get back again to Spain; But King Charles being in Amity with them both, would not meddle in the business, but was resolved to stand Neuter; And whereas the Spaniards had hired some English Ships to Transport their Souldiers to Dunkirk, the King understanding thereof, upon complaint of the Dutch Ambassador, he forthwith gave strict Order, that none should take in any Spaniards, nor presume to pass beyond Gravesend without licence: So both sides being let to themselves, Plotted a great while counter the one to the other; but the wily Spaniard at length somewhat outwitted his Enemy, and by a stratagem in the Night conveyed away to Dunkirk Fourteen Ships, and in them Four Thousand Men, and Four Hundred Thousand Pounds in Silver. But the King unwilling to have them Engage in his Seas, in the beginning of October, sent the earl of Arundel to Don Antonio D' oquenda the admiral of Spain. to desire him to retreat the first fair Wind; but the Wind continuing contrary longer then ordinary, detained them there so long, that the Hollanders( who waited for his coming out) had daily fresh supply from Zealand, so that at length their Armado was completed to an Hundred Ships: wherewith they encompassed their Enemies for some few dayes within Pistol shot of them; So that at the last this long interview betwixt these two great Navies turned to an Engagement.  
For on the 11th of the same Month, Van Trump the Dutch admiral, gave Command to his Fleet to fall on them, which they did with Cannon and Fireships in so furious a manner, as they unable to endure their shot, cut their Cables, and being Fifty Three in number, Twenty Three of them run on Shore, and stranded in the Downs, whereof three were burnt, two sunk, and two perished on the Shore; one of which was a great Gallion of Two and Fifty Brass Pieces of Ordnance, Commanded by the 'vice Admiral of Gallizia, Don Andrew de Castro; the remainder of the Twenty Three were deserted by the Spaniards, who went to Land, leaving their Ships to be Man'd by the English for safeguards from the Dutch. The other Thirty Spanish Ships under the Command of the admirals Don Antonio d'oquenda, and Lopus of Portugal, went to Sea, keeping in close order, till they were covered with a great fog, whereof the Dutch taking advantage, interposed between the admirals and their Fleet and Fought them valiantly till the fog cleared up, when the admiral of Portugal began to flamme, being Fired with two Holland Fire-ships, which D'oquenda perceiving, he presently took his course towards Dunkirk, with the poor remainder of his Ships, the most of the rest being lost and taken; for of these Thirty, Eleven were sent Prisoners into Holland, Three perished upon the cost of France; One near Dover, Five were sunk in the Fight, and onely Ten of them escaped.  
This daring of the Dutch, to Fight thus on the cost of England, was looked upon as an high affront to our King, and the Hollanders doubting that he would ill resent it, were willing to keep him so busied, that he should not have opportunity to revenge, and to that end, Commotions beginning to arise in Scotland, the Hollanders did not only underhand Foment them, but also Accommodated them with all manner of Warlike Provision.  
What great Friends they were afterwards to the Long Parliament is sassiciently known, continually supplying them with all necessaries to continue the breaches betwixt them and his Sacred Majesty; however, yet in the Year, 1640. there was some Overtures made by their ambassadors to the King, 
Sir R. Baker Contin.  of a Match between William the Young Prince of Orange, and the Princess Mary the Kings Eldest Laugnter; which Proposition was well liked of King Charles, who Communicated the same unto the Parliament, with whom it found a General and Unanimous Reception, in regard of the Alliance to be thereupon Concluded with the Prince his Father; as also, that the United Provinces were of the same Protestant Religion with England, and so it was soon Concluded, and She Betrothed to Him, and after some little stay in England, went over into Holland to ●im accompanied with her Dear Mother, Popular Tumult being now grown so high, as rendered London no safe place for her person.  
But to pass over all those Unnatural Civil Wars in England, wherein the Hollanders made their Markets by our Troubles; after the inhuman murder of our late Dread sovereign, and that the Surviving Rebells would persuade us we were now in a Fools Paradise, by reason of their New Utopian Common-Wealth, they were soon Courted from Holland by the Lord Gerard Scurph, who came with Commission from them, to Treat about a fair Correspondence and Commerce with England, who were here kindly entertained, and not many Months after, some English Messengers sent over to perfect the same.  
Not long after happened the death of William Prince of Orange, brother-in-law to our now gracious sovereign, a Prince whose Ancestors had very well deserved of the Netherlandish State, though now former services began to be slighted, as when the Storm is one past, the danger is soon forgotten. His death was by his Widow the Princess Mary above all others very sorrowfully resented, who being left by him great with child, was within a little while after brought to bed of a Son, who was name after his Father, and is now living, the hopeful Heir of that Royal Family.  
And now our mushroom Common-wealthsmen, though active enough for all mischief whatsoever, yet began to look with an envious eye upon the Dutch mens engrossing almost the whole Sea Trade to themselves, and therefore they framed an Act for the increase of Shipping, and the encouragement of Navigation. Which the Hollanders apprehending would be highly prejudicial to them in their way of Trade, they endeavoured with all their might, what by pleasing Messages, and what with Threats to get repealed; but seeing their labour to be in vain, they secretly meditated open hostility.  
The first Act whereof was on the 19. of May in the year 1652. 
See my Englands Worthies.  and began at first upon points of Honour at Sea; Van Trump the Dutch Admiral being toward Dover Road with two and forty Sail, refused to veil his Flag, a Ceremonial Honour, which the English appropriate to themselves, as being Lords of these Narrow Seas, in stead thereof hanging out his read Flag, the usual signal of Defiance, and gave a broadside to black the English Admiral, whereupon a sharp fight ensued betwixt them, wherein the Dutch were worsted, losing in this fight one Ship which was sunk, and another of 30 Guns taken, with the Captains of both, and about 150 Prisoners.  
This Action the States of Holland would not in any wise seem to own or countenance, and therefore to excuse the matter, as done without their consent, they dispatched their ambassadors into England, to renew the Treaty with the English Common-wealth, who though of the latter standing, yet would be accounted superior to the other. Yet notwithstanding these Overtures of Peace, the Treaty ended in an absolute breach: so that open War was denounced and publicly proclaimed on both sides.  
And first General black the English Admiral furprizes twelve Dutch Men of War towards the Isles of Orkney. Soon after Sir George Ayseough being returned from the Barbadoes, and set to guard the Narrow Seas with a Squadron of Ships, met with the Hollanders in the Road between Dover and Calis, 
Ibid.  and set upon their Fleet being 30 in number, of which 10 were taken and burnt, the rest hardly escaping by running a shore upon the cost of France.  
Soon after happened another Encounter near Plymouth, between Sir George and the Dutch Fleet, consisting of 60 Men of War, and 30 Merchants, part of the English Fleet coming up to Sir George Ayscoughs assistance. This Engagement continued very fierce till night partend them, not without some loss to the English, but much more to the Dutch. These successses were seconded by others very remarkable. General black steering Northwards, took six Holland Ships of a great value about the Downs. Captain pen also took six more upon the cost of France, as they were returning homeward from the Venetian Service, richly laden, being all Men of War, of considerable burdens.  
Soon after( so great and deadly was their feud) they were engaged again by General black on the back-side of Goodwin Sands, wherein the Dutch were lamentably defeated, which 'bout was called the Kentish Knock. But in the Levant Seas, a small Fleet of the English, conveying certain Merchants men from scandaroon, were set upon by 11 Dutch Men of War; who unerring them in number, took the Phoenix Friggot, and much damaged the other. And afterwards about the beginning of December( their hatred being so great as to fight all Weathers) General black himself engaging with the whole Fleet of the Dutch, 
Sir R. Baker Contin.  was worsted, losing the Garland and Bonadventure, with some other Ships; and again in the Levant, Captain Badiley coming from Portolongone to the relief of C. Appleton, blocked up in the Mole of Legorn, was set upon by the Dutch, in which Engagement he lost three or four stout Ships.  
But one of the sharpest fights of all was near the Isle of Wight, and Portland, wherein the Dutch received a great overthrow, 50 Merchants being taken 9 Men of War, above 2000 slain, and 1500 taken Prisoners.  
All these fights happened during the time the Long-Parliament( or rather the Rump or Fag end of them) ruled the Roast; but they having sate brooding a long time, and brought forth nothing but addle Eggs, Oliver cromwell put them besides the Saddle, but not with an intent to ease the English Nation of their Tyranny, but onely to settle it in himself: and thereupon ( Heavens protect us!) he was made Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, because the Common-wealth being in its Infancy needed a Guardian. These domestic Revolutions put new life into the Dutch, who well hoped from these distractions to gain a Victory over the English, and therefore with great confidence put forth again to Sea, thinking: upon nothing so much as Chap-men for the English Fleet; saying, 
Englands Worthies.  It was to be cried out by the sound of Trumpets and Horns. But those who reckon without their Host, we say, must reckon twice; and the Dutch were deceived in their expectations; for coming to a fight on the North Fore-land, near unto the South Point of the Gober,( notwithstanding the English lost General Dean, one of their Admirals, who was slain by a great shot) yet received they a great overthrow, eleven Men of War, and two Water Hoys being taken, besides six Captains, sifteen hundred Prisoners, and six Men of War, which were sunk.  
Certainly this War with the Dutch which had been driven on with so great success, might have been ended with as great advantages, by the Rump Parliament; and therefore cromwell being scarce warm in his new seat, entertained their first Motion of a Treaty, to which purpose they had sent Commissioners over into England. But whiles this was in doing, the Dutch( as it is thought) thinking to have taken our Navy napping, there happened a cruel fight betwixt them, the greatest during all this War; wherein the Dutch whole Fleet was put to flight, about thirty Men of War sunk and fired, six Captains, and about a thousand Men taken Prisoners, and about six thousand slain, amongst whom( which added not a little to the greatness of the Victory) was their Admiral Van Trump, an expert Sea-man and good soldier, and one that would have been a terror to any but the English Nation. For this service Gold Chains were presented to the English Generals, black, Monk, pen, and Lawson, and to the other Flag Captains; and silver Medals to the other Officers of the Fleet.  
No doubt no Nation under the Heavens have been more potent at Sea then the English, not onely at that present, but both before or since. I shall therefore after these Golgotha's of blood, or Tragical Relations, present you with a Copy of Verses made by a laureate of our Nation, upon the pvissance of our Navies, and the English Dominion at Sea.  

Mr. Waller.  Lords of the Worlds great waste, the Ocean, we  
Whole Forrests sand to reign upon the Sea,  
And every cost may trouble, or relieve,  
But none can visit us without our leave.  
Angels and We have this Prerogative,  
That none can at our happy Seat arrive:  
While we descend at pleasure, to in vade  
The bad with vengeance, or the good to aid.  
Our little World, the Image of the great,  
Like that amid the boundless Ocean set,  
Of her own growth has all that Natures craves,  
And all thatis rare as Tribute from the Waves:  
As egypt does not on the Clouds rely,  
But to her Nile owes more then to the sky:  
So what our Earth, and what our Heaven denies,  
Our ever constant friend, the Sea supplies.  
The taste of hot Arabias spice we know  
Free from the scorching sun that makes it grow;  
Without the morn, in Persian Silks we shine,  
And without planting drink of every Vine;  
To dig for Wealth we weary not our limbs,  
Gold, though the heaviest mettall hither swims;  
Ours is the Harvest, where the Indians mow,  
We plow the Deep, and reap what others Sow.  
But to return, This great Victory did not a little conduce to hasten the Conclusion of a Peace betwixt the two Nations, though on such terms( as one observes) more expedient for Cromwels present designs, then advantageous to the English Nation.  
Now notwithstanding all this War, betwixt the two Nations, and the sad condition of our Exiled Sovereign by reason of the Potentness of the Rebellion in England: yet would not the Dutch be induced to own his cause( though most just) publicly; although to that purpose he sent the Lord Gerard ambassador to them, desiring them by a Letter Written to them with his own Hand, that he might have a Squadron of lusty Ships to bear his flag, 
Sir R. Baker Contin.  which he offered to Command himself as Admiral; Nor was his Royal Sister, the rincess of Orange, and several other of his Friends slacken in the business, but what with the averseness of the Province of Holland,( for the other Provinces seemed more inclinable to his desire) together with the Peace that ensued betwixt cronwell and Them, he gained no more of them, notwithstanding his own and his Friends so earnest Address, but only an Answer full of complimental Civility to his Letter and Embassy.  
But the Hollanders, notwithstanding all Agreements would still be Trading, though in places where they were not according to their Articles, for which afterwards 18. of their Merchant Men were seized on at the Barbadoes by pen and Venibles. And in this state stood the Affairs betwixt the two Nations, at such time as that Grand Tyrant Oliver cromwell made an Exit off the Stage of this World: After which time they made a seeming compliance with our succeeding new-fangled States-Men; neglecting and slighting the Prince of Orange, and his Majesties Interest, until such time as these mushrooms of State by their Ridiculous Tyrannies, had made way for his Majesties Happy Restauration; when( with the guide) they complied with the Current of Affairs as they then stood, Feasting and Entertaining him very Magnificently, and promising all Respects and Honour to the Prince of Orange, whereupon his Majesty at his parting, from them, being ready to embark for England, said to them as followeth; 
That he had so much kindness for them, that he would be jealous of them, if they gave a greater part of their Amity to any Prince then to him, seeing he loved them more then all the Princes beside, adding withall these words: Sirs, Whereas, I leave here in Your hands the Princess my Sister, and the Prince of Orange, Two Persons who are extremely dear to me; I pray You, Sirs, take their interest to heart, and cause them to rescent the Effects of the favour in the occasion which the princess my Sister shall request of You, either for her self, or the Prince her Son; Assuring You that all the Effects of Your Good Will shall be acknowledged of Me, as if I had Received them in my own Person.  
Charles Rex.   
This was ordered to be Registered in the Records of the States General, and of the Province of Holland, In perpetuam rei memoriam.  
What the Transactions have been betwixt the two Nations since his Majesties Happy Restauration, and concerning the clashing which of late hath happened, I shall not enlarge myself thereupon; Only, thus much let me tell ye, That our last Gallant Parliament so ill rescented their Injuries and Affronts done to our Nation, that they unanimously Voted; That all obstructions of Trade should be removed; and particularly that the Injuries and Affronts done us by the Dutch should be enquired into, and remedied by all means possible, and that they would stand by his most Excellent Majesty in this inquiry and remedy, with their Lives and Fortunes.  
In pursuance of which Resolutions, Sir George Downing his Majesties ambassador to that Nation, had several debates with them about it; The Lord Van-Gogh was also sent from them to his Sacred Majesty of Great britain, who on july 31. 1664. Delivered a Memorial unto his Majesty, in which, as also in his Majesties Answer, the principal grounds of the differences betwixt us being contained; I shall therefore give you them both abbreviated, so far as they concern our present business, wherein the Reader may see, how desirous his Majesty hath been to maintain a firm Amity and Friendship with them, and to avoid( as much as in Honour he can) all Causes, which may conduce to a War betwixt the two Nations: The Sum of the Dutch ambassadors Memorial, was this:  
That since it was evident, Vessels of War were preparing on both sides, which if they should go forth and meet at Sea, might by misunderstanding fall foul on each other; it was therefore desired his Majesty would be pleased to keep back his Fleet, as their Lordships offered on their part to do.  
That their Lordships were informed, that Captain Holmes with the Ships under his Command, had taken divers of their Vessels upon the cost of Affrick, and also made himself Master of Capo Verde, and some other Forts belonging to them, contrary to the Last Treaty; They therefore demand Restitution of the same, and Reparations of the damages suffered thereby.  
That their Lordships being each day confirmed, not only of the foresaid Action of Captain Holmes, but that he intended a further Prosecution of his design, by seizing on all the cost, expecting a supply of Ships from England; That therefore his Majesty would be entreated to Command the said Captain Holmes, and those who were in that engagement, to restore the foresaid Forts and Vessels, and to repair the damages suffered thereby; As also, by express command to prohibit those Ships, which by report, are now ready to set sail, or which may be fitting for that purpose.  
And lastly, considering that those Vessels which come from the United Provinces into the several Streams of this kingdom, are there stopped under pretence of Persons and Commodities on board, which come from places infected with the Plague, or suspected so to be, to the obstruction of Trade, and prejudice of both Nations; The said ambassador therefore insisted, that the same might be remedied, or at least the strictness of those orders mitigated in such measure as should by reason be found convenient, since by the mercy of God, all the Provinces in general, were not infected with the Contagion.  
His Majesties Answer was to this Effect.  
That concerning the Preparations and Provissions of Vessels of War, it was well known, there was order given in the beginning of the Year, for providing a less Guard of Ships for this Summer, then any Year since his Happy Restauration, believing he might well save that charge, being in so good Intelligence with all his Neighbours. Until the Parliament upon the whole Nations Cry, pressed him to take an extraordinary way to repair the people for the daily injuries they sustained from the Dutch by depredations at Sea, in other places, as well as in the East-Indies, wherein were some circumstances of that presumption, by declaring their Dominion, and inhibiting Commerce against the Law of Nations: To whom his Majesty made no other Answer, but that he doubted not the States of the United Provinces would cause Justice to be done, and to that end, appointed his Minister to make a representation and complaint, for which( considering the nature of the Offences) he expected thanks for them, but contrarily they gave order for the present setting out of a very great Number of Ships of War, no other visible cause being manifest, then to declare to the world how they defied both him and his Parliament: So that it would have been very little to his Honour or Interest, if he likewise had not prepared a considerable Fleet for his Defence, and being thus prepared, it would be a very strange proposition to be kept still within the Ports, and that it would be found by their demeanour, that their instructions were not to injure our Friends, but to defend him and his Subjects from receiving injuries of Enemies.  
As therefore he had with an everlasting manifestation of his Affection and Kindness to the United Provinces, concluded the late Treaty, by which many memorable injuries to him and his people,( particularly that of Amboyna) were put in Oblivion; So he had for his part exactly observed every Article, and had no sooner been moved in any particular wherein the Subjects of the United Provinces were grieved, but that speedy order was given for their redress, without putting them to those formalities which are usual in Courts of Justice; whereas contrarily, when his Minister had made complaints at the Hague, notwithstanding the matter of Fact were most notorious, yet was not redress given to any one, and such delays used in all, as was upon the matter a plain denial of Justice, which caused great complaints from his Subjects every day; Yet for all this, he had not granted one Letter of Mart upon the Subjects of that State.  
That concerning Captain Holmes, he had no Commission to take Capo Verde, or any other place belonging to the Dutch, or to act any hostility against them, but what was for the defence of his Subjects, and their Trade in those Parts; and therefore expected his Declaration should have found more credit with them then informations of Seamen, who seldom know what they inform: That upon Captain Holmes Arrival, who was expected every day; a due enquiry should be made, and a just determination done; That the Ships designed for those Parts at present, had neither Power nor Will to wrong the Subjects of that State. But on the contrary, his Majesty was sorry to hear, not from general Rumour, but pregnant Evidence of his governor of the Fort of Cormantine, that about the end of last January, the Commanders of the Ships belonging to the Dutch West-India Company, after divers Assaults and Restraints of his Merchant Ships in those Seas, they hired the King of Fantine to Assault and surprise his Castle of Cormantine, and to deliver it to them for the price of Sixty Bendys, whereof one half was by them paid down, with further condition that the Natives should enjoy the Plunder of the Castle; To perform which, the said Dutch Commanders supplied the King of Fantine with a great quantity of muskets, Powder and Cartages; whereof his Commander having notice, by the assistance of God surprised the same, which perhaps was one of those Acts of Hostility mentioned in the Memorial, no Intelligence coming of any other. Two Dutch Men of War came from the Mina to scape cost to attend this enterprise at the appointed time; and accordingly, the King of Fantine, Feb. 5. came with 500 Men to have surprised the Castle, but finding himself discovered, was forced to retire with some loss; the next day he advanced again with a Body of 3000 Men, continuing a sharp Fight with the English for the space of four hours, but was beat off with great loss, since which he acknowledged the motives and contract aforesaid; The Dutch Ships at the same time driving a small English Ship under the Command of Captain Borthwick into his Majesties Port of Inashange, Anchored by him, hindered all the Cances from coming on board him, and took his Boat and five Men, which they would not restore, till they had knowledge their other enterprise was miscarried. This his Majesty doubted not, they would in manifestation of this perfidious design cause Exemplary Justice to be inflicted on the persons guilty of it; and instead of sending Ships of War to justify those proceedings( which might produce a War betwixt the Two Nations) would warn their West-India Company hereafter to forbear such Out-rages, and not to presume under the style of Merchants to Usurp the Prerogative of Princes, and Assume such a Dominion to themselves, which if they were Invested with, would not warrant them to inhabit traffic and Commerce with their Neighbours, but must incense all Christian Princes against their Presumption.  
That his Majesty was greatly Afflicted for the Visitation of God upon them, by which means the Commerce of both Nations was suspended; but that it could not be expected he should decline from that provident care of his People, in using all possible means to preserve them from that contagion, which without such restraints could not be; and hoped the goodness of God would shortly put a period to it, and make the Correspondence as safe and wholesome as it had been.  
That He desired their ambassador to assure them, that he was firmly resolved to maintain a firm Amity & Friendship with them, that( by the Blessing of God) a War could not fall out betwixt them, unless they departed from all Rules of Justice, and suffered their Subjects to involve them in a War, to support the wrong they did their Neighbours against all right, which he hoped their great wisedoms would prevent.  
By this which hath been said, the Reader may easily conjecture how the Affairs stand at present betwixt the two Nations, and with what prudence and sincerity his Majesties proceedings hath been towards them. I shall not insist to amplify any further therein; Onely now at last, as a corollary to the whole, considering the chief Affairs of Holland have their dependence upon the Princes of Orange: I shall give you a Brief Account and Character of them, from their first investiture into that Principality, unto this present time.  
Anno 1475. King Lewis of France invested Lewis of Chabon with the Principality of Orange; who dying, left his Estate and Government to his heroic, Active, Successive William, whose Magnificent Prowess was so Considerable, that Lewis the 11 desired his Alliance, and gave him his own Cousin in Marriage, Esteeming him for a most Magnanimous Person all the dayes of his life.  
His Honour and Estate being much Improved, he bequeathed the same to John Chabon, a Prince of admirable Valour, whose pvissance France dreaded, and whom the Duke of Burgundy found a Loving Friend, in whose Service he died, Anno 1496.  
Philibert Chabon his Nephew, was Heir to his Estate and Authority; a Gallant soldier, and of a Noble Resolution, who continued a True and Constant Servant to the House of Austria, who dying without Issue, the Honour of Nassaw was interwoven with the Magnificent Glory of the House of Orange; Philiberts Sister being Married to Rene Nassaw, whose Son Henry is by Philibert Adopted for his Heir, 1500.  
This Henry as he was Heir to his Estate, so was he to his Virtues, being bread a soldier from his Cradle, his Blood Ennobling his Name and his Actions his Blood. He performed many Gallant services for the King of Spain, and died before Luxemburght; being said to have left six things behind him of great Consequence to Spain and Flanders: 1. How to Entrench and fortify double. 2. How to retreat safely. 3. How to Embattle the Foot four deep securely. 4. How to bear a charge, and return it home undauntedly. 5. How to tyre an Army with often surprisals, And 6. How to conquer with kindness. He died, Anno. 1544.  
To whom by his Will and the Peoples Vote Succeeded his Cousin William, a Martiall Prince, and who was bread up in the School of Mars, under Count Mansfield, in the Wars of Germany; a Person very Honourable in his Possession in France, Noble in Germany, and Rich in the Low-Countries, a Popular Prince, Wise, Wary, Eloquent of Speech, and Grave in council, and of a Plausible Carriage and Behaviour, of whom it was questionable whether he were more able in comprehending business, or more wary in meanaging it. Under this Prince the Netherlanders threw off their subjection to the Crown of Spain, as we declared to you in the beginning of the History; He was at last basely murdered by one balthasar Gerard, being shot to Death as he came from Dinner; a most Wise, Constant, magnanimous Prince, his Motto being, Mediis tranquillus inundis,—  
Prince Maurice being of the age of 17 years, succeeded him in his Honours and Estate, he brought the Spaniards to a Peace, the English to a League, and his own People to a Peaceable submission to his Government; and so died in the bed of Honour.  
Count Henry of Nassaw succeeded him, a Great States-Man, but in the midst of his designs he dyed, leaving his Honours and Estate to his Son Prince William, that Married the Lady Mary, Daughter to our late Martyred sovereign King Charles, who dying in the Prime of his years, left his Honours and Title to his Son William, who is now living, a most hopeful Prince, whom Holland is jealous of, and hath been uncivil to, considering his Great ancestors merit and Service, though we make no doubt, but he will attain by his Deserts, to no less Power and Grandeur, then any of his Renowned predecessors.  
FINIS.