THE BLOOD OF THE GRAPE Republished and enlarged by the Author TO: WHITAKER M: D: Physician in Ordinary to his Majesty's Househould  
(Printed) For SAMVEL BROUN. MDCLIIII.   

Gentle Reader.  
I Am not ignorant, that there belongeth to Kings from their servants both Tribute of duty, and presents of affection, else it will appear a tacit denial of any grace or bounty received from them; as for the former of these (I hope) I shall not live to be wanting in my most humble duty, and the good pleasure of his Majesty's employments; and for the latter (I conceive) the choice of this subject might be an oblation much referring to the excellency of his individual person. And were the form as Courtly as the matter, I could have had the confidence, to crave the Patronage of the Highest borne Prince of the Christian world, and a Person (without flattery) in whom all greatest Crowns concentrate, though at present as highly beyond all Law of nature, or national example, injured & traterously treated: which offereth the cause of this may republication, with a further enlargement of my former act, in the year 1638. as being sensible of a vulgar misunderstanding of my intention in the tractation of this subect, which was then, and is now, but an addition to our medicinal faculty, & more exactly to declare, how, and after what manner the juce of the Grape may be conducible to humane bodies, both for Aliment and Medicament: which if those Lords and Commons that would suffer no persons of honour and loyalty to make with themselves the representative body of the whole Kingdom, if those (I say) had accepted, it in my own sense, could not in such a Noaical stupefaction, have slept out their Eyes of reason and sense of honour, as to suffer their nakedness to be detected by the most common Robbers of the English Nation, and themselves imprisoned for the same theft. If they shall excuse themselves, and that such ebriety was not the cause, they can not appear any other than the Tread of Dunghill-Cocks, for no spirit of the Game or reasonable, could suffer or conceive, that the stopping up the fountain of honour, could render the rivulets any other then stinking Ditches: if otherwise such stupidity were conveyed in their base Principles of nature, 'tis then a Gengrena in the mass of blood, and by no other scope to be cured, but by extirpation and replanting more noble and lively Roots in their room; If any person shall adjudge this sharp Council to be more medical, then prudential, which term in this age is the perfect Character of a cheating and treacherous villain or knave, which formerly obtained a better signification, let them know the consultor is more Medical then Prudential & well knowing his faculty to be sufficiently comprehensive of all arts and sciences and Politics, if either Aristotel or Machivel are esteemed Politicians, and so such as have been endowed with such perfection of intellect amongst the Professors of this faculty, the Almighty hath Crowned with a special title of honour as hath in many ages appeared by the studdies and practice of great Kings, and hath been the fountain of the whole family de Medicis, so great at this day: nor are there any (except the souls of Cornelius Agrippa) so vain, as to render an undervallue of the faculty, or besmear the Purple and Scarlet Robes of the Physician Cum stircore & Vrinâ; were myself over zealous, by its subject matter I could demonstrate it for Antiquity to precede the Form, in that matter, which was by the Almighty after informed, and as soon as the sex was distinguished it was Corpus humanum, vivens & sanabile, and instantly the subject of that part of Physic which we call Diaetetical, as appeareth by their necessity in eating of all manner of Aliment in Paradise by the order of the Creator (except the Tree of Life) and not only for antiquity, but also for its dignity of frame, about which the Almighty summoned a Council, and left most justly from its own excellency, to challenge precedence of all other subjects of sciences and arts (except Theologie) which is subjected principally in the form: it is also affirmed by the Orator in the 2 de natura Deorum, that all Creatures are dedicated to its service: and josephus will create it Lord of all Terrestrialitie and the cause of all such production according to Pliny: As for any larger Encomiastic I shall refer the Reader to Lactantius, and leave Cornelius with his vanitles, to the prudentials of these times, which would have all knowledge & virtue to consist in self confidence & such poor Romantique learning as would enforce the ancient worthies both of art and courage to render a scornful blush to be seen amongst such butterflies, and to see such unnatural and preposterous motion from perfection, to imperfection, from rationality, to mere animality or contradictoriously; much resembling the Duchy of Spoleto in the territory of Narina (which according to Pliny) is exceeding dirty in a drought, and as dusty in wet weather, of such sort of strange earth, were these Don Quixotes composed; and having nothing to encourage their errand Knighthood but a poor lean Rozinante, or some glistering quoin of their forefathers monuments which will not pass currant with any (but weak Capacities) for others that observe their digression from their Father's virtues, cannot but conceive them better to have been pissed out against a Windmill, than otherwise produced to the shame of their Genitors. If I shall seem to much censorious, I shall earnestly desire a just cause of retraction, which would be a Royal Cordial to all Princes and sweet Natures, which are perpetually molested with such confident and insolent vermin, which will stop the breach of any person that shall smell of honey (except they close their Lips & Ears) against their entrance; If I have offended in my description of those persons, it will be as difficult for me to recant, as for them to repent of their Rebellion, which is correspondent to witchcraft, of which sin repent, I could never meet with an example except (Manasses) therefore do conclude their prudence to stand upon no other bottom, than the Diabolical attempt of greater Crimes; for although they know and have seen the cclipscd beauty of heaven break through such darkness, to the enlivening of all creatures again, yet will be, and are still better entertained with such Egyptian darkness, though measured by a short time, as most conducible to their black designs, conceaving this bonum presence to be preferred before all notions of other Beatitude, or productioon of right reason and nobleness of soul, which demention, the heathen Poets have rendered a most certain symptom of irrecoverable destruction, to which I leave them, and till then expect it; what I have writ concerning the subsequent subject is for the acquaintance of more reasonable creatures, as nearest to the nature of the Gods, according to Poetical expressions delighted and refres head with this Nectar. and if in this discourse I cannot mount the capacity of higher and more Gygantick reason, I shall entreat their assistance, for the better information of myself and the advantage of others, who cannot be better instructed at present by their humble and faithful Servant.  
To: Whitaker.   

THE BLOOD Of the GRAPE  
ALthough my intention is principally to explicate the juce of the Grape, yet I cannot but cast a Philosophycal glance upon Plants themselves as they are integraly, or in their parts helpeful or hurtful, preserving the harmony of humane nature by their homogeniality, or forcing a discord by their heterogeniality, such therefore as in their integrality support nature in its perpepual flux and reflux amongst Plants, are called in this tongue Potherbs as Lettuce, Cabbage, Watercresses and such like, such as are the parts of Plants are Roots as Parsnips, Radish, Carrootes and Turnips, there are also some Plants which are specifically and by their universal temper appropriated to particular parts of humane bodies, as Poeonia, Betonica, Salvia, Verbasculum, for the head; Crocus and Melissa, for the heart; Menta for the ventricule; Eupatorium for the Liver; Capperes, for the spleen; and Hirmodactilus for the joints: There are other Plants also as pernicious to the whole body, or such particular parts, as Hyosiamus for the head; Mezereon for the liver; Eruum for the rheins and bladder; Aloes, for the Hamorhoids. There are also a third sort of Plants which are doubtful, and they are more or less helpful to nature, as Colocynthis, Scamonium, Senna and these are adjuvants by reason of their Cathartique quality in separating and educing corrupt humours from the incorrupt: There are also Plants more lignous, firm and indissoluble, as Oak, Appel and Peartrees, and of this sort some less firm, as the Vine, which to desect into its parts Containing and Contained, similar and dissimilar, were a frustrate labour, because every botomique hath published it more clear and eleganly then can be expected from myself. I shall render my Conceptions only of that similar part of the Vine, which we call liquid, and by Philosophers understood Iuces, or Tears extracted from the Plant: This juce is the liquid part diffused in the substances of the Plants themselves, which as their Blood conserveth life in them, which bringeth me to my elect Subject, the Blood of the Grape, and as it appeareth to be blood, in it is life, it is from the Vine, and that the Plant of life; and if the difference between this Plant and the Tree of life in Paradise were but magis and minus it is not so improbable as to be rejected by any, for they willbe both granted Plants of life, and they very much respond in their Nature as well as Appellation: What the fruit was that sprang from that in Paridice, is not as yet known, or not so perfectly understood, as that of the Vine, the Nature of which is so lively as that Galen will affirm it to augment radical heat, 
Galen: de Causs: Morb: Cap: 4.  which is the way to live for ever. Asclepiades the Physician telleth me, that this Blood doth consent more with the nature of the Gods than any other, and that their Nature is incorrupt is without dispute: secondly he adviseth the use of it to unsound and infirm Constitutions, to reduce them to a firm and incorrupt temper, and according to the sense of Galen to eternity in this world; which cannot by any be understood of less than an extreme extension of life, where it is properly or according to exact indication adhibited. hownecessary then is the Study & perpension of this subject, as a difficulty to explicate; necessary, because our lives are short, and difficult, because Art is long and Experience dangerous; Yet if by this Act I shall be an instrument to extend life, and abreviate Art, not only show the Plant, but teach the use, it may prove worth my labour and acceptation of my inthrauled Country, whose assurance shallbe that my best reason and Philosophy shall be the guide of my pen: neither Hypocrates, nor Galen, or any other authority farther than I have digested them, and made them my own reason and to agree with truth. As for the abreviation of Art, preservation of Life, and restoring the infirm, we shall comprehend in a small Circle, and render in a few words, the sum of all Classic writers to this purpose, as the fourteen books of Galen his Method of curing and fix of Health preserving in these few words expressed (viz.) Diet & Medicine.  
And by these two ways principally are life and Health extended and restored. Quantity, quality and the Mode of application in them observed. Quantity as it is usque ad vasa & ad vires secundum justitiam rather then the full capacity of the recipient, because such quantity of aliment must be preduced into act by the power of Nature, which quantity to the disiention of the vessels would preve burden some, if not totally destructive. Quality as it corresponds with humane bodies universally, or with this, or that individual, the well ordering of both requireth a just Consideration of the recipient subject, as it may be exactly tempered, or valetudinary; This term Quantity of r me a discourse with Lessius which seemeth to prefer a quantity ad pondus of Diet, as most conducing to the preservation of health, and extension of Life, as if satiation were the usher of diseases and mortality, as a corruptive Cause, which I cannot conceive reasonable, nor can he render any Argument à testimonio but from his own observation; which argument à parti●ulari my Logic can not approve, nor will it concur with the Reason of others more reasonable, to adhibite a strict weight of aliment upon no occasion or difference of temper or distemper to be exceeded or lessened, nor can it be granted by any (except Religious) who wilfully and unreasonably Chastise their Bodies to merit some thing beyond all intellect or reasonable expression, for in a phisical sense no artist can embrace it otherwise then Heretical, if he will ground his opinion upon the rule of Hypocrates and Galen, scil: Contraria contrarijs curantur, that Diseases are recovered by their contraries as inanition by fasting must be recovered by repletion in feeding; and this inanition may be extreme or not. & in such condition no sever pondus or weight can be observed for although inanition must be replenished, yet it must be effected by repetition often of Concoctible aliment, in more or less quantity according to the convenient power of the parts recipient, as for the quality of the aliment according to the rule of ijs nutrimur quibus constamus must be Homogeneal for the support of universal nature as well as the recovery of each morbid individual and in this point the ancients have been observed exceeding strict and as they had great reason so is the judgement of any Physician most seen and censured by his election of aliment in quality agreeable to the temper of body, for although an effect must be cured by its contrary, yet the right temper must be supported by its own simile, as heat by heat and moisture by moisture, but whither in degree more or less moist or intense, is indicated by the natural constitution of that body and to be ordered by the Physician, but this is a Paradox ot not understood by vulgar practisers who argue falsely upon this true ground of Hippocrates, so such as accept his Contraria contrarijs curantur to be a rule without exception in nourishing as much as curing, as if there were no difference between contrary, and contrary, Rebellion and Loyalty, it is truth as remedies they must be contrary to the affect and thus Arist: will have a crooked Plant bend as much the other way to straiten it, but if a straight Plant shallbe incurvated there will be consequently an organical affect, which we call vitiata figura, so also if contrary remedies or qualeties shallbe applied to an harmonious temper, it will be a cause efficient of discord & conflict in nature or in the fore said temper, therefore it is apparent, that the quality is more to be observed either in meat or Medicine then the quantity (especially of aliment) because natural choice of food is in no Creature of health ultra capacitatem recipientis, but if any Lessian shall dispute as strictly for temperance according to his measure, I must severally as a Physician tell them the Worthies of our Art preferreth excess before such temperance, for they affirm Canonically that all affects or diseases of plenitude or fullness are more safe because more curable than diseases of Emptiness, and who doth not apprehend variety of reason in this axiom, first because universal evacuation is sooner effected than repletion; Secondly, because accidents of various forms cannot be avoided for they are infinite, and the least affliction upon an extenuate and lessiate body, for defect of excrementitious humours to involve them, giveth a dangerous charge to the radical principles, because both the disease and medicine having nothing else to encounter must tyrannize over enfeebled nature as by its own impotency not able to resist which Conatus naturae or endeavour to expel noctious causes doth over heat the spirits and effect such preternatural heat by its motion from the Centre to the Circumference as doth inflame natural heat according to Christophorus a vega and not otherwise by the ascent of putrid fuliginous vapours to the Heart according to vulgar opinion; Contrarily, where there is a sufficiency of excrementitious humours to entertain both the Disease and Remedy, there are they retained with less oppression and danger to the radical spirits, and removed with less offence to the universal temper of the person so labouring as will be more Phylosophically demonstrated according to this subsequent mode. Albertus, and many other Philosophers do constitute in mixed bodies a two fold Moisture: one which they nominate humidum continuans and from this continuating humidity the junction of parts doth proceed, otherwise they would be all siccity, and consequently upon any motion disunited; therefore there is no natural Body void of this Humidity, though never so hard or grave, as is daily demonstrated by every Chemical Operator, every hour extracting oil out of the hardest body; Therefore this Humidity is by Physicians nominated Oleaginosum humidum an oyley moisture, consisting of airy and aqueous moisture.  
The other humidity being humidum quasi nutriens is a waterish moisture in the mixed body, nothing advantageous to the continuation of parts, & because of its tenuity is easily resolved which cannot with such facility be effected upon the Oleaginous, because of its crassitude or thickness, so that were a proportion of excrementitious humours is wanting in a body by reason of a severe or thin Diet, in that body both disease, and medicine must of necessity be more tyrannical over the fixed moisture, which is the ligament of life; and for this cause all Physicians will acknowledge Diseases of fullness admit of a more safe and speedy cure then those of inanition, as diseases alsoe of a cold quality admit of a more safe remedy then hot distempers, because in the application of hot remedies to the former we foment natural heat, and our cold applications to the other, we do not only debilitate, but very often extinguish natural heàt. But because I intent no Controversy, I shall fix myself upon my proper subject, and show how every temper may be preserved void of all distempers, proceeding from the material principles of nature by the use of Wine, and also prove it to be an excellent and specifical remedy, in all affects produced by the discord of the foresaid Principles, being peritely applied according to proper indication, nor shall I be prolix in my tractation of all the parts of this discourse. Curiosity and expectation will prove abhortive, if a taste of this promised juice be not suddenly presented, whose nature and excellency hath and doth appear in our former expressions, to be Encomiastic sufficient, and such excellent Nectar in the opinion of Noah, that he made it is first Act of Husbandry after the Deluge to Plant a vineyard, before any other fruit or grain, as is affirmed by sacred Testimony: The reason of that act, if I should presume to render or explicate that Text, without better qualification, I might not without cause, from Theologists, have thrown upon me that snuff of Ne suitor ultra crepidam; yet can I not so much enthral my fancy, or suffocate such notions as may be probable though not an absolute and perfect Demonstration, as to pass by his first act after his Resurrection, or not to take notice of his age, which I find extended twenty years beyond the age of Adam, in whom the Principles of nature according to my reason & sense should have been most pure and durable: Nor can I argue otherwise, but that matter so form must be subject to daily decay by perpetual motion, there fore how Noah after so many Centuries from Adam should in age extend twenty years longer can make no impression in my reason: (the taste of this Nectar excepted) which is (I conceive) an inferior speties of that Plant of Life from which Adam was excluded, for had it been of equal or the same perfection, whereas he lived after his Plantation Three Hundred and fifty years (which was a good Cordial) yet he had now been living and eternal in this world, but as a best second was proved by his own experience, and by six hundred year's observation, he could not but be sufficiently taught how to frame reasonable arguments to satisfy both himself and others; and by reducing it into its principles, make a sensible discovery of nature's mystery and upon such like experimental observation did he plant his Vinyard: so that by inference the excellency of this subjectt doth appear more transcendent than any other juice either of vegitall or Animal: Therefore it shallbe my next consideration, to explicate the nature of it, with its difference and use, both in respect of aliment and Medicament and with its application to every individual, of every age, and temper; therefore that we may act as much as we speak, let us look upon the quality of Wine Philosophically; and at the first view we shall discover a two fold heat in it, as it issueth from a living body (Viz.) an animal and elementary heat, for though Wine cannot be said to be animatum, such as giveth a soul or life; yet it may carry with it, and to its self the Impression of a central or implanted heat from a soul as may plainly be demonstrated in other things; as the seed of Animals or of plants, have not a soul in act according to the Doctrine of Aristotel; Yet it doth take from a soul such a generative power like unto the soul, which (Aristotel saith) is nothing else, but a vital heat distinct from igneous and elementary; so as in the generation of a living Creature the first moving is Animal, or the Plant from which the seed issueth, but the seed is the instrument which by a power of vitallity received from the Plant begetteth another being like itself; since therefore there is in semine, a vital heat distinct from elementary, why may we not affirm the same of Wine, which in like manner issueth from an animate body; then will Wine appear to have a double heat, or one conflate or moved out of two, and that which is great and intense doth not consist of an indivisible, because it is greater or less according to the variety of species, and diversity of situation or places; for in those Regions where the sun effects a stronger heat, there grow hotter Wines, & this heat is not external, but rather natural and implanted in the Wine because from the heat of the place, the vital and elementary heat, which constituteth the natural heat of the Wine, doth become more great and intense; nor can it be denied, in Wine to be a double moisture according to Galen; who distinguisheth the substance Vinosa, from the substance Aquosa, the qualitas vinosa, being that humidity inherent which doth unite the parts, & the waterish substance, is only that which is contracted from aliment: for so long as the Grape was conjoined to the Vine, there did flow there unto a waterish humour by which it was nourished, and after 'tis separated from the Vine, doth still retain that waterish humour, which as then was not converted, nor assimulated into the substance of Wine; nor can it have any further conversion, because the wine is now no more animatum, or able to produce it into Act; and this is that humidity in Wine which is spent or wasted in boiling, the other remaineth which is innate & fixed to the substance of Wine, and hence it is that the boiling of Wine doth render it more sweet; for by the expense of this humidity the juice returneth to its own natural moisture; And this (I hope) willbe satisfaction concerning the General nature of Wine: which familiarity with human nature will appear; the nature of all Wines being either corroberative & nutritive or mundificative, or apperative, and these are not only testified by the ancient and learned Physicians; but proved out of their own existence & prime animation; which willbe hereafter demonstrated, in our progress; therefore we cannot but take notice of the distinction of Wines by their names and colours. Concerning their difference in names, they are sovarious, as to render them in all their appellations, will relish more of curiosity, than utility: many of them being fantastically imposed by the wanton singularity in Merchants of all Nations; but so many as Philosophers, Physicians and Poets have notefied, I shall briefly declare and then pass to their Colours. In the first place let us take notice of the General name vinum and so denominated à vi, & vincendo, from the power and strength of it, according to Varro; and I render it vinum quasi divinum, and so the pleasant Nectar of the Gods; the ancients had many sorts different in name, as Fortinum, newly expressed from the Grape, Protopum, such as fell from the Vine before the Grapes were trodden; Others which take their names from the Region in which they grow; As Chium, Lesbium, Falernum, Cacubum, Surrentinum, Caelenum, Signinum, Tarraconense, Spoletinum, Ceretanum, Fundanum, Malvaticum; Amongst the French many others, as Vinum Remense, burdegalense, Aurelianense Belonense, Divionense, Montispedonense; And these agree better, (as Table Drinks) with sound bodies, then infirm constitutions, there are more debile and dilute wines in France which agree better with febrile dispositions, then with cold Phlegmatic tempers; As Parisiense, Limonicense, Forense, Alobrogense, with many others, and since both their names are known, and their natures in part, and such tempers to which they are most concenient, let us take a taste, and principally pierce these four vessels, (Viz.) Sweet, acute, Austere, and Mild, observing their colours (Viz.) White, Sanguineus, Yellow and Black; the first three commonly known to us by their names of White, Claret and Sack; and these admit of their differences; for as there are several sorts of Sack and claret, so are there alsoe of White Wines, some Sweet, some Austeres, some thick, others limped and clear, and all these pure nutritives; but inferior in degree of nourishing to such as are sweet; And although Dulcia Maxime nutriunt must be with this caution, that the Liver, Spleen and reins be void of obstruction, which because they generally obtain a body more crass, they are said to obstruct; Thushaving briefly & Philosophically desected their bodies and preferred their nature & specifical difference to public view, I shall present them to a medical consideration.  
The quallityes generally received by all Physicians, are neutritive and they do nourish super omnia alimenta, if Galen: may have credit: because Wine is semi sanguis, or half blood, before it be received and produced into act with a less fire of nature, and leaves behind it no excrement, as all other vegitalls and animals do; it doth also evacuate both sursum & deorsum upward and downward; it doth corrobarate all faculties, attractive, retentive, concoctive and distributive; it doth correct putrefaction; open obstructions; & exhilerat the spirits; what more is now requisite or needful for preservation or restoration of health and life, than this so familiar to the principles of human bodies, and so undoubtedly known, in most Regions, and incomparable with any other vegitall, or mineral (especially) minerals, whose nature is destructive and Heterogeneal to all animals? who according to Philosophical observation non patitur afflictionem which cannot be avoided in them, because their preparation consisteth of a just regiment of fire; which was so hard to be gained by johannis Crato, that for that uncertainty instead of his Chemical Tutor he chose a Gallenest; And myself have observed very exact Chemists, whose medicines of the same kind, and prepared with as much diligence as possible; sometimes so gentle, as children would not complain; and again so violent, as the strongest nature could not sustain; which much confirmed my opinion with Crato of the difficulties to effect that just Regiment of fire; and if we be curious in our scrutation we shall find also much, if not irreconcilable difference in other drugs galenical, both in figure and operation: especially such as are transported from other Regions, which I dare affirm are not known to us according to their natural perfection, and though the use of them be doubtful, yet frequent, and if we do know them, either we cannot have them, or such is their change and alteration in transportation as doth force us to blame the ancients for their high applause of them, we not finding in the applicaton of them according to proper scope, and indication any such excellency; and if any will credit Christophorus Barri (the jesuite) in his Relation of Cohinchina to his Holy Father the Pope, to whom he doth protest that the Rhubarbe he brought from thence with many other Drugs, were so altered in their transportation, as without a special script upon them, he could not have known them to be the same either in virtue, or colour; and that learned and expert modern (Symphorianus) doth challenge most of our Pharmacall Compositions upon the same ground and doth affirm the chief ingredients to be unknown or found in the shops of Europian Apothecaries, for better satisfaction accept his own words, sed quod res quasdam vel non afferis, vel non sine maculâ, vel in totum ignorari puto: ea sunt Balsamum, Cardamomum, Myrrah, Nardus Indica, Caffia, scordium, Cinnamomum, Radix Pentaphilli, Calamus Ordoratus, Xylobalsomum. This Challenge I suppo2e will be difficult to answer by the perpenders: what shall we then say to the great incertainty of the most grand Compositions in our Pharmacopea? but that with them we do pugnare contra hostem clausis oculis. I could raise many Disputes upon other things much in use amongst us, and their incertainety of their virtues; besides the non-satisfaction of their entity according to vulgar opinion, and such different descriptions, as have been divulged; as Vnicornes-horne, Bezoardstone, and such like: but my intention is rather to be taught, then controvert, or else to inform others; for which cause I have undertaken the tractation of this subject: the Plant and juice there of being so well known to all Nations, and sensible without controversy to all reasonable Creatures, and used in all places with respect to their special difference, from the womb, which nourisheth and produceth them; and if I shall not more clearly manifest the foresaid Qualities to be in it, and by the Consultations of more learned, than myself, then shall I in no manner give so full satisfaction to the expectator; Therefore that which was last in my intention, shallbe first in execution; and though I render not an Index of Authors, yet my subsequent Arguments shall be from testimony; not doubting to clear our opinion to the full extension of such argumentation, and after this dialectical form to clear the Point.  
The first than is, that Wine nourisheth above all other aliment; They who have had acquaintance with Galen: know they are his words translated; and that some nourish more or less, according to their special quality, as Vina aquea per exiguum alimentum corpori praebent, quae verò crassa sunt et colore rubra, plus alimenti habent quam reliqua vina. Galen. Secondly, that it doth corroborate: Vinum confortat spiritum, & in spiritum convertitur, & fortificat virtutem; Avicen: Thirdly that it doth evacuate; Vina crassa dulciaque quod alvum deijciant nemini ferà ignotum est; sicut multum quod tametsi aegrè concoquatur crassumque succum & inflationes faciat, alvum tamen movet: Galen. Fourthly, that it doth open obstruction: Vinum dulce vehementer apperit oppilationes pulmonis. Avicen: Lastly, that it doth exhilerate the spirits, is proved by sacred testimony, Scil: Vinum cor hominis exhilerat. Thus have I Briefly rendered a confirmation of the a foresaid qualities medically in Wine; and justified them by ancient and orthodox authority; Notwithstanding for further satisafaction, let us cast our eye upon the quality of Wines as they are obviously di2coursed in gross by most or all the prime Ancients, Scil: White Wine may be adhibited in all acute and hot distempers ut voluit Hypocrates; sweet Wine in cold diseases; because it heateth the body more, sed calefactione temperatâ Galen: no white Wine is sweet, and such as is pure and subtle moveth urine strenuously, without any impression in the head, because it doth not manifestly heat, but sensibly refrigerate and is ordained in febre continuâ, Galen; Wine in General moderately used doth purge choler by urine, exhilarate the mind, and refres heath the senses; Wine also that is dilute may safely and profitably be adhibited in an Apozemicall form in fevers; as will appear in our subsequent tractation of particular, and most grand distempers; White Wine doth sensibly refrigerate and cleanse the Lungs, & one Drought doth Extinguish thirst more than one gallon of barley water; as my own experience for many years, and in many hundred persons can affirm; sweet wines also may be adhibited in acute passions as pleurisies and inflammation of the lungs, to provoke expectoration, when the matter is di2gested according to Oribatius, Haliabbas, Constantius Monachus, Wine also that is white, subtle, and thin, is not turbulent to the ventricle, but of easy digestion, soon penetrates the veins, provoketh urine, and leaveth no excrement, as doth all other vegitals or Animals and minorals; And as before said that it doth in all hot distempers Extinguish thirst, is the observation alsoe of Isaac the Son of Solomon an Arabian King; Lastly white Wine is said to be insipid dilut, coagulate by its frigidity in se; Yet under favour in respect of its universal parts, there can be no such Coagulation, as is affirmed by johannes Portugalensis once Pope of Rome; These are the universal opinions of the Ancients; yet the reason of the reader may exact a more demonstrative proof of such contrarity in the same body of so pure a nature, as to open and close, to corroborate and debilitate, and that these contrary acts should appear at the same time, in the same subject to whom it is Applied, as that Wine, as you have heard, should generally Evacuate Excrementitious humours of the body or particularly purge bilious Matter by Urine and yet the same specifical Wine shall corroborate the whole and every part it worketh upon at the same time; for although every perfect body be mixed of the principles of rarety, density and graetie, yet if their shall be the addition of one other digestion they will separate in themselves, and levity will not appear as levity and gravetie in the same sphere; as wine doth after the addition of several digestions, more than is received from the plant in its mixture; and though there are occult qualities of which no other proof can be made, than such an illogicall argument as is Framed à particulari; or that it doth work so; yet when I contemplate the supernatural perfection of mixture in this plant, exceeding and comprehending all other Vegitals and Minerals as doth appear by its purity in nature, which as gold will nor doth receive any, but a seeming corruption; but Exceeding gold in its familiarity which humane complexion, and the Compliment or Epitome of all other plants; as Man is in his form, and mixture the short representative of the great world; And as we are sensible, and knowing these qualeties to be in Wine so will they appear with as little contradiction as those of inferior Plants, Scil: Guiacum, which doth by constringing evacuate, as is more manifest in the squeeszing of a sponge: or Rhubarb, which doth construing by purging, others will have a catholic and incorruptible spirit in wine exceeding all such mixtures; & that it moveth as a free Agent in its sphere of activity; and for sthis reason hath Philosophers & Poets suppo2ed it to participate with the nature of the Gods, which must move as liberal agents; It may also in more plane philosophy appear to move after such manner by virtue of its fluent & fixed heat, the one oleaginous continuating, binding and uniting the parts together, the other fluent attenuating the humours, and loosening the belly or body universally, and thus probably to effect such contrary actions out of its natural mixture, since therefore it can and doth operate in such manner, there is much reason it should be thus used, no other vegital or mineral so pleasant or perfectly concocted, (except gold) nor any so familiar to humane Nature all other fruits, and juces being more subject to putrefaction or such like alteration, and more onerous to nature in concoction, and by reason of their less perfect concoction, most of them breeding little blood, or vicious blood or none at all; but wine, especially red wine, is half blood before it be received; and when I find the Ancients, nominate it, the old man's milk, they must grant it a supper— concoction to blood, as it is cited in jecore; for milk is blood dealbated, & such as have received a more perfect concoction, than it hath in the liver; And for its encomiasticke, it is the Medicine that seateth a true edge upon nature, supporteth an appetite in being, and recovereth it languishing; And where as medicamentum is defined, to be a medium between poison & aliment, and by consequence must leave after operation some venomous contact; this Medicine is so different in operation, as that it leaveth a lively contact, and because of its universal homogenialitie with nature, cannot be comprehended under the definition of medicamentum, though so nominated, because a true definition doth explicate the nature and Essence of the thing defined, yet that it is a medicine, and under such notion apprehended the practice of Avicenna, Rhasis, and Averro justify, when themselves used twice every month to move their body's with the same either sursum vel deorsum, or both; And if my own observation may be acceptable than I cannot conceal such powerful Effects as myself hath felt, and seen in others; Scil: consumptive and extenuate bodies restored to a sarcocity, and from withered bodies too fresh, plump, fat and fleshy; and from old and infirm to young, and strong; when as water or small bear Drinkers were countenanced more like Apes than Men; and if I had no other reason but my own experience it were Enough to engage my faith, concerning its excellency. My eye now is converted upon the vulgar, and find their pulse in a disordered Motion, their hearts being preternaturally dilated with the report of preservation from death, sickness, and pain, because Natural death and extreem old age suffereth dissolution with out any pain, and all these to be effected with a medicine so familiar, as no longer they can forbear the proverb, that he that is not now a physician must be dubed for a fool; But let such apprehensions be careful of the right application of this Medicament, lest the title be inverted upon themselves, for the difference of tempers, distempers, times & climes, with circumstance of sex, will exercise the best Hippocratist or Philosopher rightly to order and aply this remedy; for causes external of Melancholy are more frequent in Aethiopia, than any other region, the air being cold and dry, and the time principaly in which this humer doth Move is the Autumn. Though Hypocrates will have the spring to have precedence, yet I understand the affect the be generated in either, but propagated through the whole body in the winter; so that these circumstances neglected and the remedy contrary to proper indication or ignorantly advised, the principles of nature must suffer abbreviation in stead of Extension; Empirics stand here like the fiction of Tantalus, the fruit is not only in conspectu, but with in the space of their grasp, yet deprived of contact, they may see this subject transcending their logic from a particular to a universal; Nor can they argue from experience who know not what they do, in every one of these following respects, which are beyond the capacity of an Empiric, quatenus Empiric; Yet before I proceed in the fore said respects, give me leave to salute Plato, who hath tacked me with aprohibition concerning Kings, Magistrates, soldiers, women and servants, to whom he absolutely prohibiteth the use of wine in any Region, or at any time, as if he would appropriate this felicity only to the Commonweal of scholars; but upon farther perpension we cannot but return a candid interpretation; for doubtless he intended principally sobriety, not forbidding the moderate use of wine to any such person before named, otherwise he must deprive them of the refreshment of spirit, and the generation of incorrupt humours; which hath principal relation to all the faculties, both natural, vital, and animal; & if notice be taken of the Excessive operation of this juce, kings willbe very sensible of its adjuvancie in their election of officers and servants of all conditions, because it openeth the closest locks, and discovers the most good or evil intentions; all excess working upon the subject according to its disposition or predominance of humour; And no Tyron will deny the behaviour of men to agree with their various Complexions, nor that the same specisick, wine doth irradiate itself with as much variety, as are their individual persons; as a candle set up in a lantern composed of various Coloured glass scil: white, red green, blue, black, yellow, or any other mixed Colour, the Irradiation through every one of these of the foresaid lamp, will correspond or answer the complexion of each particular glass; And the Dutch make it a rule of politics, by which they steer their course of all contracts by it, and will not conclude any bargain before they see the spirit of wine operate, for fear of some concealed snake under the herbs; And doubtless the moderate use of wine, for the animation of the soldiers, the inlivening of the Magistrate, and recovery of women, is profitable, Especially in hysterical sits; according to Hypocrates. 
Hipp: I denatura Mulierum  And my transision now shall be to the tempers of humane bodies in general, & the wines generally agreeing with those tempers; and then more particularly to this or that individual. Temper itself being the reason of mixture, or the harmony and consent of the prime qualities in Elements, and by the Exuberancie of each simple quality, these four simple tempers are created; as hot, when the heat predominateth over the cold, and yet of siccity and moisture remaineth an equality; and so of the rest, as cold, dry and moist, besides these four conjugate tempers, which proceed from the exuberancy of the two first qualities, as hot and moist, hot and dry, cold and moist, cold and dry, which are the four compound tempers, their fixation consisting in that oleaginous humour, which we call innatum calidum; and this innate so utile, and necessary, as a cause with out which mixed bodies cannot subsist; it is also fomented and supported by fluent heat contracted in the heart, veins and Arteries, as their proper Channels consisting of spiritual blood preserved in the heart, as the middle of the body, which by a lively consent doth maintain & support innate heat, and perfect the universal temper of the body, even as the Sun inliveneth, and inlightneth the great world, so doth the heart ejaculate a fluent heat to the vivisication of the microcosine, or little world of humane bodies, refreshing every part, and exciting every particular function to its proper motion; so as the innate or fixed spirit doth very much respond the fluent, and such resiprocall concordance is as necessary as circulation in the sun, whose motion being stopped, or influence extinguished but one hour, would be the ruin of the whole world; and if such a cause may be admitted, as some call causa sine quâ non, than this commerce between fluent and fixed heat may be so accepted, for otherwise all natural actions are quiet and extinct: therefore these being the prime existence and subsistence of humane nature, and such powerful agents in conformation and nutrition, their sphere of motion may be more or less adapted by external means, either homogenial or heterogeneal; And for tempers or distempers in general there can be no aliment or medicament so convenient and agreeable as wine; for the smallest wine (if pure) is a more neat & clear pabulum, to the fluent spirits, then recent eggs, or milk sucked from any creature; they all onerating nature with some excrement after concoction, and in concoction must be some expense both of fluent and fixed heart, which is so much an abbreviation to a natural being, but is of such purity and spirituality, as doth receive a sudden mutation, and in its alteration addeth both light & heat to the foresaid principles, as the oil of those natural lamps. Fernelius apprehendeth much danger either in meat or medicine, which are onerous to the principles of nature; and therefore will have all cold diseases admit of a more safe remedy, then hot distempers, because in the regular way of cureing by contraries, the application of hot remedies to cold affects doth foment & maintain natural heat, contrarily in the application of cold remedies in hot distempers, to extinguish preternatural heart; the natural heat doth suffer much and many times is extinct with praeternatural or febrill heat; but in both cold and hot affects the application of wine upon proper indication, is the most Excellent and in ofensive remedy. And that it is such a remedy, I shall pro duce some probable Arguments to make it more apparent to vulgar intellects, after this subsequent mode. If it were by the most learned Ancients in Medicine adhibited, as a safe remedy in fevers, than it accounted proper in hot distempers, for thus it hath been administered by them, as hath been demonstrated in our former discourse, and willbe more apparent in our following of the particular and most grand affects of humane bodies; And if it hath also been directed and ordained by the same authority in cold distempers, than it is a proper remedy and approved in both; And if we perpend the specifical differences of wines, than we shall make it a regular remedy according to the rule of Contrariety; for Wine that is generous moveth in all tempers from the Centure to the circumference; and other Wynes in their proper nature more apperient, open obstructions, and in a galenical sense all oppilations are efficient causes of putrefaction and putrefaction of fevers; so that opening being a contrary motion to obstruction, Wine is a contrary remedy per se in oppilation Et per accidens in putrid fevers; Now I shall descend to particular and difficult effects controverted amongst the Most learned, and where I find them differ in this point, shall endeavour to reconcile them, for the satisfaction of greener students, and practisers less perite which after industry will effect; not but his undertaking, would better become a more learned pen and Person of a more settled condition, than a person so many years Exiled with his dear sovereign, and patiented Master; yet I shall proceed in the first place to that affect, which we nominate a Frency which in truth is more properly the termination of all discourse it self being the privation of discourse, conjunct with a fever, and in this case, whither wine may be commonly adhibited, is the difference amongst the ancient, 
Hippoc. lib. de affect, intern.  some commending, others doubting; Hypocrates affirmeth, the use of wine convenient, in all perturbations of the mind, Tralianus in the same condition, where the spirits are Spent, the ventricle cold, and debil, and upon the appearance of some concoction, in vigilancy, or defect of rest, because of its narcotic quality, which is most sure, & agreeable to humane nature, and for this special reason, Epicurus hath taken it in large proportion, not only in all painful affects, but also in the article of death, in a palsy also, which affect obtaineth amongst the Grecians many appellations, 
Galen. 2. Gal. 1.  Scil: Paralisia, and Gal: paraplexià, by the major part of Physicians, to be apprehended of the same signification, and that all the terms signify privation of sense, and motion, in a sensible moving part; Whither wine be useful in this affect, is much controverted; Halyabbas, and Avicen, in this case appear Hydroposians, or water drinkers, and render this reason for the non adhibition of wine, in this affect, because say they, Wine is a proper vehicle, of humours to the nerves, & by its sharpness, or pungent quality, doth enervate, and by consequent foment the disease; To which I answer, that no kind of wine moderately taken, and with out any mixture, can, or doth enervate quatenus vinum, because it nourisheth above any thing, and therefore is the most proper corrective of such sharp humours, because it breeds, so sweet aliment ergo no vehicle of enervation, as they would have it; nor for their water drinking, without the assistance of more exact Philosophy, can I apprehend a greater enemy to the nerves, then cold, nor any congregation, both of heterogenealls, homogenealls, or ligation of sense, equally powerful to the quality of cold, but if they intent medicate water, it will obtain less censure, though not received a comparative with wine, which used with moderation, by its dulced nature, doth exceed all corroboratives, either chemically, or galenically prepared, and ordained, especially, when the affect is chronical, for some times the affect proveth acute in the beginning, and then indicateth a thinner nutriment, but pure water according to Arist, doth not nourish, as hath been formerly disputed, in my tract of waters; In Spasmo, or a convulsive motion when the moving faculty is depraved, will be a quaestion controverted, of the same nature, concerning the use of this juice; Celsus in this affect, doth prohibit the use of Wine, with better reason then either Avicen, or Halyabbas, because wine doth dilate, and thus contract the nerves, which sensibly appeareth to all artificers, 
Hippoc. 5. Apher. 2. de morb.  educated by sensible precepts, to induce convulsions, according to Hippoc, and not without the consent of Avicen and Serapio in this case the adhibition of dilute wine, in reconciliation of these authors, Celsus must by myself be understood to speak of this affect, quatenus in principio; and if my memory in so long exile both from my Country, & books (by that ever cursed Parliament of 1641. fail me not) these are his own words, In principio nequaquam convenit vinum, ubi autem morbus declinare incipit, 
Hippoc. 4. de acutis.  vinum convenit, quia magis dissipat, & attenuat, and after the same manner Hippoc. must be understood, where he ordaineth wine, for although wine may not be so convenient in the beginning of a convulsion, yet in the progress of the disease, must be a proper adjuvant; In opthalmia, or inflammation of the eyes Mercurialis ordaineth wine in the declension, for the unquestionable drink, without any mixture, because it doth then concoct, and determine the disease, 
Galen. 6. Aphor. 31.  especially generated of cold matter, & cause blood, in which case Galen affirmeth vinum generosum, and that he hath effected this cure, by the same means in a pleurîsie, 
Hippoc. 3. de Morbis.  which is a phlegmon, of the membrane succinct the Ribs. Hippoc. ordaineth the use of sweet wine, as an in crassative, and expectorative which are most properly indicated from the inflammation itself yet the stricter sort of Physicians are of opinion, this book, reputationis causa, was by the Cnydians composed, & published, under his name, 
Hippoc. l. de acut.  the doubt is raised, out of his own book de acutis, where he damneth the Cyndian Physicians for their ignorance, and want of regular government in the diaeting affected persons, yet none can accept against the use of hot qualities, as adverse to the breast; In a cyncope, or passion of the heart, which although most diseases in their course, offer offence to this part, yet I could never meet with any, that by a special excellency, or propriety were affects of this noble part, but these two Scil: affectus syncopalis, and palpitatio cordis, and these have their prime locality in the heart, in the first of these passions, and in all such persons affected, the considiration is, how convenient, the use of wine will appear, 
Gal. l. 1. ad Glane 14 Method. 22 Avicen 11. Cap. 3. de Sinceritie  being for aliment, or medicament much doubted, by some Physicians, because Galen, & Avicen do except against the use of wine as obnoxious to such persons, as are afflicted from the head or labour with ingent favours; To which I answer though this passion of the heart, may be more oppressed with such consent of parts, and complication of affects, yet extra paroxismum, or upon the least appearance of victory in nature, where refection of spent spirits is indicated, there is nothing so safe, and sudden to effect it as wine, 
Averr. 7 Collect. 7  in this respect it is by a compulsive necessity, to be abhibited, and Averro is of my sense in this case, as also the Saraceus amongst whom it was a custom or law, not to taste of wine ordinarily, yet in such necessity they were permitted wine, and in this passion, as the best remedy, so is it also in palpitatione Cordis; or in the unnatural beating of the heart lest by the deficiency of spirit, or any other preternatural Conatus, the aegrotant fall into the former passion, which is a syncope; provided in this palpitation the wine be old, and pure; Amongst the various diseases of the ventricle, I shall only rest upon the Canine appetite, or the unnatural lust after meat, because it admitteth more doubt, than any of the precedent affects, wine being generally granted by consent both Theological, and humane, to be most proper to excite a depraved appetite, 
Hyppoc: 2. aph. 21  according to its proper acception, for some wine according to Hippocrates, doth extinguish hunger, and Galen: doth in his interpretation conceive him principally to intent this canine appetite, and the specifique wine to be most pure, and without mixture; & in my own opinion, where this affect shall proceed from a cold, and depraved humour, vitiating the retentive faculty, the use of wine pure is an excellent remedy; 
Hippoc: de arte veter.  and yet I meet an exception in Hyppoc: though wine be pure, yet if old (that is superannuated) and lusty, such as we call Vinum vetus generosum, by him is not in this case permitted, 
Galen: 7. m.  by which it is manifest that he took notice of the specifical difference in wines, Galen: also is of the same sense, but they must by my comment be understood of excess, which will deject the appetite, & so prove a bonum presence, but if this excess prove vomitorius, and so cleanse the ventricle of the morbid cause, than it is a plain curative; Concerning immoderate thirst, which is conjunct with all favours, and of itself an immoderate, or excessive appetite of moisture, whither wine of any degree, may increase, or extinguish this symptom, is the doubt; because siccity by the rule of contrariety, can not be corrected but with humidity, therefore wine being generally by the most Physicians in France adjudged hot and dry, can not be granted a remedy in this case; the reasons of their opinion, I can conceive to be no other than they render for Phlebotomy, in all affects, and at all times, ages, and sexes, and the mode of France is their sole argument, and they would have others accept it a Demonstrative, I am sure in neither opinion, either Grecians, Arabians, or learned Moderns will join Issue with them; Galen: will have the sweetest wine to be the most moist of all other liquids, and though it doth heat; it is calefactione temperata, which is no praeternatural, or intemperate calidity, and both Galen: 
Hyppoc: salut diae●… 30.  and Hippoc: testify small dilute wine doth quench, or extinguish thirst, much more in a small quantity, than fountain-water in a large measure, of one time, or by often repetition, for these reasons, because dilute wine is cold & moist, ergo most proper to correct hot and dry, and extinguish thirst; there is also a more penetrative power in wine, then in water, and as humective, there fore doth sooner determine thirst; and myself have many years observed in the highest favours, one draught of dilute wine, to effect more than many flagons of water, or such like, cold decoctions, nor can any Physician satisfy such thirst with water, and not tumble upon this rock scil: extinction, or debilitation of natural heat, with praeternaturalie in illeo, or the twisting of the bowels, which affect sometime is a consequent of the colic, & by which they are often strangled, & a disease, not frequently noted in medical books; Celius Aurel: saith that the Pythagoreans in Sicily, 
Cal: anrel. l. 3. de acut. passion●…s,  were accustomed to nominate this disease Sepimentum, as if there were a hedge, separating the bowels, others call in Volentus, or rolling of the bowels over each other Scribonius, & Marcellus doth name it a Phlegmon, or inflammation both of small and great guts, others call it tormentum acutum & illiacam passionem, and these appellations will be acknowledged; for no sharp pain (in my opinion) can be inflicted upon a sensible body; whither Wine in this grand inflammation, may be conducible, will prove a quarrel between Hippoc: 
Hop: 3. de morb:  and Caelius, the one ordaining the drinking of generose wine in this case; the other absolutely damning it in the whole course of cure; by which doth appear a grand misunderstanding, in my last Author, concerning Hippoc: and a rash censure, because Hippoc: in that place forementioned, doth conceive this affect to proceed principally from a cold cause, and such humours are more reasonably dissolved by generous wine, than any other; and mine own reason of this remedy is grounded upon the non passage of excrements in this disease, and the necessity of nutriment, by which it will appear, that from this remedy, can proceed no oneration of the body with excrements, because it leaveth none, or any that passeth through any Port, or passage, but the bladder; and for aliment, no other succus, so speedy and inoffensive. The antecedent affect being the disturbance of the receptacles of dry excrements, it will not look like a disorderly motion to commit to every consideration such affects, as do molest the receptacles of moist excrements, & principally the obstruction of the Rhein's, which parts were dedicated by nature to no other use else, but to separat serososhumores from the blood, & convey them through the body, by those ducts, & channels according to the universal opinion of all Physicians, since therefore this is their office, and that this percolation is hindered often by oppilation from several causes, producing various affects, the most common cause being the Stone, and that in the cavity of the Rhein's, though other affects are subjected in the substantial parts thereof; The Question now is, whither the drinking sulphureous waters, or wine, doth most conduce to the cure of this affect.  
Avicenna adjudgeth the drinking of Thermall waters, either in a small, or great quantity, to procure great difficulty in pissing, and though the grand compression of such waters in a large proportion may force a stone, into the pot, yet not without exceeding difficulty and agitation of settled humours, from which violence, & forced motion proceedeth excoriations, ulcers and various distempers as dangerous and troublesome as the former obstruction, therefore in this case white subtle wine that is not astringent, is better approved then such waters; therefore in the right regiment of diet, in this distemper, white wine is to be preferred before incertain mineral tinctures, and if they were certainly known, and perfectly separated, yet cannot the practice be justified safe, because Natura non patitur afflictionem, and many rules admit exception, so doth this except against violence to nature; minerals therefore, being in their own nature more heterogeneal to animals, than any vegetal, must (though most exactly prepared) offer violence to nature; as for the stone in the bladder, I shall join with Paracelsus & his nil nisi cultrum & prescribe no other remedy, but the knife. For other medicines of several forms and matter, though Capevactius drew me over his discourse with many score probates, yet is forced with this parenthesis to conclude. Sed ingenuè fateor me nescire quid potest lapidem vesicae frangere, Mercurialis in a flux of blood from the Rhein's adviseth, abstinence from Wine omnino, & in the place ordaineth calybrate water, which is a poor corroborative in a grand flux, and expense of spirit continually, nor is it incrassative, or corrective, of acrimony, tenuity, and sharpness of humours, being the principal causes of such distempers (except eruption, or perforation of the urine) therefore under favour, I shall as boldly and more reasonably (I suppose) ordain the use of black, & thick wine, not only to incrassate, and dulicifie the humour in the first causes, but as a better sanative in eruption of the urine, and for the refreshment, and refection of spirit, more reasonably to be adhibited, than any calybeate water, though better prepared with the juice of pomegranates and quinces; In our subsequent discourse, we cannot avoid the bladder, as one of the forenamed receptacles of liquid humours, and having before determined the only cure of the stone generated in this part, by a petrefiring quality conferring thereunto, I shall diluci'dly, with out prolixity, render my sense concerning the suppression difficulty, stillicide, or voiding urine by drops, these being proper diseases of the bladder, though diversely contracted, from other vicine parts, causally, but subjected in the bladder, as subjectum bene dispositum, to receive such confluences, the number and differences of such causalls will offer too much prolixity for this short undertaking, for an iscuria or suppression of urine, admitteth of very much dispute in medical schools, about the causes essential, and accidental, therefore I shall only pass to the proper remedies of such affect so caused. 
Hippoc: ●…. Aph. ●4.  Hippoc: telleth me that all cold qualities are enemies to the bladder from whose testimony those remedies, which are applied to that part, must be potentially hot, and if we consider the membranous substance, and exanguitie of the part, we shall soon apprehend his reason, that all cold is highly offensive to nervie substances, nor can there appear to my intellect any more, than one scope of cure in all the forenamed diseases, and that is diereticall, or such meat, or medicine as doth not violently provoke, but gently move urine, else one affliction is added to the other; therefore I shall present pure wine as the most convenient, dyaretique, and without dispute, if the cause be as cold, as the part. In order of place, the next Lecture must be of the diseases of the penis, the word needeth no other interpretation, there are not only such affects, as labefact the bladder, but also such as vitiate the action of the penis, I shall therefore relate those affects which hinder the proper action of this part, for although it be dedicated to convey urine, out of the bladder, yet most properly for the propagation, of the species, which cannot be effected without erection, and ejaculation, the first may appear without the other, and then propagation cannot succeed, which is demonstrated in this affect, which we call Priapismus, which is an extension and erection of the penis, without desire of Venery; Concerning the tractation of this disease we cannot but take notice of the name, as also the nature, the name I could never find in Hipp: 
Galen. 6. ●…e loc. afect. Cap. ●.  nor any other ancient writers (except Galen) by whom is rendered the derivation of the name from Priapus who was much noted for the magnitude and extension of this virile member, 
Gal 14. ●…ethod. ●…ap. 7.  it is also nominated Satyriasis, by Galen, and AEtius, leaving the reader to take notice of the difference amongst writers concerning these terms, as to prolix (especially) when they may receive better satisfaction from Egineta, and Cal. Aurel; therefore the nature of this affect, shall be my principal consideration which consisteth in extension, and erection of the member without power of ejaculation, though it doth proceed both from a seminal, as well as a flatuent stimulation, this being the nature of the infirmity, I cannot conceive the moderate use of generous Wine, for recovery, to be improperly indicated, because it abolisheth all crudities, and indigestions which are causes of flatulency, and doth generate a lively blood which doth effect powerful matter: others there are which extract this affect from external causes, both hot and cold, taking the ground of their opinion from brutes, which generally forbear coition, or copulation in the winter and height of Summer; and because universal temper of women, is more cold then of men; therefore their desires are less in winter, & men more in Summer apt to Venereous action; in both these causes, 
Arist. 4. Preblem.  the use of the fore named Wine is necessarily indicated, because the excessive heat doth dissipate the Central spirits to the circumference, by which the concoctive faculty is so debilitated, as can effect nothing but such crudities as are causes of flatulency, oppilation and putrefaction, which radical and fluent spirits vagrant, are retracted, to the centre by Wine and the parts enabled to execute their offices; in the other case when the spirits are almost extinct with excessive cold, the moderate use of this juice is the cordial refreshment. The pains of the joints which are called Antriticall, will beget a great dispute, or controversy, with vulgar practisers whither or not, Wine may be granted, in such doloriferous affects in the joints, consisting of the juncture of bones with nerves, which nervy substance, is the sole capacity of these pains, as being the principal organs of exact sense, and that sense of pain so extractive, as ordinarily doth move, both spirits and humours, with such violence, as doth inflame themselves, & by the common received opinion, Wine cannot but more inflame; and such vulgars' do as often and erroneously nominate these pains of the bones, though the bones are no more sensible of pain than the nails, or hair in clipping, according to Arist. Galen, and Avicen in many places; 
Arist. de part animal. 9 Gal. l. 16. d. use partium. Hippoc. l. de affectis.  The causes internal of these articulate pains move upon one hinge of Hypocrates, which he calleth humours, and they must be congested extra locum, and in themselves are more or less vicious; flatulency in this affect will have no share by the consent of Mercurialis; and for my own sense of Hypocrates in that place, it cannot express any other humour, then yellow choler, or atred or a mixture of both, for phlegm by its viscosity and crassitude, cannot penetrate such sensible sparts, nor can it effect any pain, nisi dolor gravis which cause being granted, I shall make very good use of Wine contra omnes gentes, for where there is any complication of phlegm, by reason of its crassitude and gravity, it abateth much the punctorious pain of the article, but doth effect more permanency of pain, because it cannot pass through the pores by so quick exsudation; whither wine in this condition may be conducible to the cure, & when, is the subsequent discourse, and a known controversy in this case, therefore I shall rneder the sense of the most exact writers, and then take boldness to present my own; Mercurialis with alothers agree, that in the beginning of this distemper from a choleric cause, no kind of wine can be granted convenient, yet in the declension of the disease they with Avicen do permit the use of it; how this declension is to be apprehended (under favour) is ambiguous, for I cannot understand this declination to be such, as doth fully determine the affect, for then their opinions signify nothing, quia omnia Sana Sanis, and no rational Physician will forbid the moderate use of wine, after a perfect recovery of the distemper, let it be of what nature soever; therefore they must be understood of declension in statu morbi; yet the proper wine that doth correct that hot and bilious humour, and with more celerity, open the porosity, of the parts affected, cannot (except puritanically) be ojbected against, neither in the beginning, State, nor declination of the disease, arising from the foresaid bilious cause; as for the complicate cause, I doubt not of the consent and samenes, of fence in approbation of the moderate use of Spanish wine, that is subtle and old, but in the thinner acrimonious cause, I have adhibited pure whit wine, and in a large quantity, not only to correct that which was fixed, but to evacute that which was fluent, both by urine and sweat, and by its narcotic quality, to moderate the intolerable pain of the part, but where viscosity carrieth to the part only a tincture of choler there I shall present Spanish wine, and it is the ordinance of Rhasis in the gout of the feet proceeding from such cause, Hipp. alloweth Vinum dulce in a bilious predominancy, but that, 
Hippoc. l. de affect, intern.  but that book is taken from an ascript of the indian Physicians, who never were excellent in the diaeteticall part of Physic, I shall now conclude all these disputes with a putrid favour, and then give some account of the best modern consultations in particular cases, both hot and cold; The tractation of favours in their differences, would be of little consideration, because Galen will have all acute diseases to be simply putrid favours, 
Galen. 3. Cap. 8. de differ. respir. lib. 1. de different. sebr. Cap. 3.  or conjunct with them, and it is a received opinion of the ancients, that all favours (except Ephemerall) are putrid, 
Hippoc. l. de vit. Medicina.  and Hypocrates will have neque Calidum, neque frigidum per se; to be the cause of favours, sed aliquid amarum, & acerbum, but a quality of salt or bitter, or sharp predominancy; & therefore his sense is, that all febrile heat, proceedeth from the predominate motion of and alteration of pure humours, to impurity, Galen, Plato, Athenaeus, are all of this fence, therefore it doth behoove Physicians to perpend not only the universal cause, and nature of putrefaction, but also the reason of correction, which is my scope at present, therefore with the ancients I apprehend putrefaction, to signify a mutation of perfection or purity, to imperfection and impurity, 
Galen. lib. 10. Meth. 8.  as when wine is changed to vinegar. Galen conceiveth, putrefaction to be a mutation of the whole putrefying substance, and effected by external & ambient heat, by which mutation Aristotle understandeth corruption, & by Galen I (suppose understood a mutation to corruption,) therefore bodies are less putreable in winter, then in summer, because external ambient heat is then more minute, both in air, and water.  
What reason we shall render of cure is the expectation of the reader, who will as suddenly, take notice of my indication, properly extracted or deduced from the nature of putrefaction; which according to Galen is the corruptible disposition in humours from a cause either internal or external, and accordingly, do present for a remedy omniquaque, dilute wine, not such as is mixed with water, but such as in its own nature is more, or hath more of the aqueous, then vinous quality, and yet so naturally complexioned, as will appear a corrective, or alterative, to praeternatural siccity, and impure humidity; ergo the consequence must be a roduction to harmony, quia Sanitas est nil nisi harmonia, as also an apt prevention of putredinous distempers, which according to the judgement of the ancients, do proceed from oppilation, nothing being more moderately aperient than such wine, nor more tartarous; therefore I have made observation of such persons, accustomed to the use of wine, according to their age, and climb, or without such acception, not to have been subject to putrid favours, nor can any person demonstrate wine, per se, and specifically, ordained ever the mother of such mischief, though many have suffered distempers from excess, which is the vice of the best aliment and the worst, yet such accidents fell not from the nature, or quality of wine (though in excess) but from the present soporisique quality, which, with out prevention, must succeed, and with cure for the best, for sleep stoppeth all evacuation (except sweat) & wine naturally moving from the centre to the circumference, and their negligent posture, in the ambient closing the porosity of the body universally, by this power conjunct with the endeavour of nature, to deliver itself, of a burden, doth by its violent motion, in flame spirits & consequently this febril distemper; putrefaction in this place and case, is excepted, according to vulgar sense; nor can the subtlety of logic, being an incommodum upon this vinose remoedy, 
Galen. 2. de acut.  Galen dot maintain the rationality of it as a remedy in putrid favours, & therefore commended the Italian mode in adhibiting in all favours, Vinum Sabinum, and confesseth in the same first book Cap. 40. that themselves was accustomed to cure putrid favours, after the same manner, and if any will take notice of Hîppocrates, not only in his book de acut, but in others, they shall find my boldness in this practice grounded upon himself, whose soul I could desire above all terrestriality, not that I desir only to act or  myself with a part, or habit of a Physician, as players do the Persons of Kings and noble Persons, no sooner disnobled & disrobed, but rogued; I am not ignorant of the diversity of medical sects, not do condemn any (but mounters) but from this digression I shall transire to those strict Physicians which do condemn the use of wine, not only in this case but in all feavorish distempers, but because they render no reason, I cannot judge their sect for Methodists argue with reason, and Empirics a particulari (though not the best Logic) yet if it be possible to bring them into the sect of rationalists I shall assist them with this exception in Galen: 
Galen. Meth. 11. & 12. ad Glauc.  which is against the use of any wine, in these four subsequent cases, first when the favour is vehement, secondly, when there is a conjunct pain from the head, the third is, in delirio, which is a deception of reason, and lastly, when the origo of this putrid favour is from, or doth, follow an inflammation.  
Under favour, the differences of wine observed, will respond all these objections, as small dilute wine in all inflammations, and more liberally, or in a larger doss prescribed doth abate, if not abolish all vehemency, and by its soporifick quality doth coligate the senses, and reconcile sleep, which is the diminution of all vehement symptoms, delyration, and sharpest pains of the head, which imperite Physicians, more dangerously force by opiate preparations, and I shall conclude with the same Authority I began this discouse, 
Galen. 11. Meth. 9 Galen. l. 1. de Antid. 3.  and render the affirmation of Galen, that this kind of wine, is most convenient in putrid causes, to provoke urine, and concoct crudities, or semiconcocted humours, and will not admit the mixture of water, more than it receiveth from the plant; and this is the determination of the question, concerning the application or use of wine in favours; Now I shall proceed to various affects, about which the most learned Moderns have consulted; whither the use of wine in them might be conducible to cure, because some are hot, the others cold distempers, and begin with a jew that laboured with Melancholy, his temper hot & dry, from a vicious predominancy over the blood, his body lean, colour black, indisposed to sleep, prompt to all action, prone to anger, of an excellent wit and discourse, but at this present Mute, and hath been so these six days, his temper thus agreed upon, with his distemper, by a counsel of Doctors; they now fix upon two scopes of cure, the one moistening, the other opening obstructions, and in both, wine is concluded a proper remedy; There was also another great consult about a Cannon of Rome, labouring with a favour, whither wine might be prescribed; about this point was much controversy, but concluded, and adhibited the remedy; Nor do I read of any other Medicament in all this consultation; sutation; In the next place, I present a young Gentlewoman labouring with an Epilepsy, or falling sickness, her temper hot, and moist, and so concluded in counsel, because they found her body fat, and fleashy, in this case they determined the use of wine most convenient, for the attenuation of humours, and corroboration of all noble parts; The same was agreed upon for a young Spaniard in a burning favour, in a great distillation, pro Episcopo Lucensi; in various distempers pro Aloysio Foscareno; in vertigine or dissines of the head, pro cive Lucensi; against all effects of the Rhein's and bladder, pro Magnifico Contareno, with many others which were too prolix to produce, enough being argued to instruct the use of wine, in all tempers, to be most natural aliment, and in all distempers, as proper medicament, concluded by the most learned, ancient, and Modern in Medicine; Thus fare have I urged the use of pure Wine, not that I am ignorant of the excellent advantage in medical wines, the ordinance of which is left to the judgement, & direction of the present agent, myself passing now to every age and sex, to show the proper use of wine for aliment in each, and the time when; my former discourse hath tended more to medicament then aliment, which is to be the subject of our following discourse, though not so immixed but some vigencie may intervene.  
Humane bodies, are not only obnoxious, daily to affects of air, diet, exercise, passions of the mind &c: but also from our implanted, and internal heat, which by degrees, more, or less, doth dry up, and demolish our origenall humidity, which in some sense ariseth out of itself, and by this perpetual motion, is so consumed, as doth effect many mutations, which are conscribed with certain periods, and conversions of ages; for every animal newly proceeding, or pullulant ex semine, & sanguine and compounded of its prime humidity, is most humid, in whom all parts organical, as bones, cartilages, & flesh, are soft, tender, and flexible, which by progression in age, doth stiffen, dry, whither and consume, in the like mode, are the vicissitudes, and mutations of temperaments, and distempers, with their conjuncts; therefore age is but a motion measured out by time, in which the constitution of the body, by itself is perspicuously changed; Six not able differences of ages, with their temperaments, are to be observed; the first the child age, which extendeth from the birth to the 14. or 15. year, & in temper, hot, and moist, and is more hot, then ripe, and juvenall age, by reason of fixed heat, for by how much nearer it is, to its original, by so much the more doth it participate of innate heat, contrarily, by how much it doth receded from its first principles, by so much is the innate heat exhausted; And this age, one of the ancients divideth into four orders, infancy, dentity, and media between these, and ripe age, and lastly puberty, which presenteth itself aptly to be discoursed, as the second age in the order of nature; This age of puberty gins at the fiveteenth year, and is extended to the eighteenth, and is less moist, but more hot; The third age is adolescency, which beginneth at the nineteenth year, and is extended to twenty five, and of a moderate temper; The fourth age is juvenil, or flourishing young age, which beginneth at the 25. year and extendeth to thirty five, and is more hot and dry in temper then the precedent age; The fift age is virile and the media between young and old age yet doth it not so participate of either, as to affect, or intemperate it, as it beginneth at thirty five, so it extendeth to forty nine; The last is old age, which by the expense of natural heat in temper is cold and dry, the moisture being excrementitious, by reason of languishing and decayed heat; This last age, as the first doth admit of division into these three parts, the first is fresh old age, beginning at fifty, and extendeth to sixty, and all this time is serviceable to the country in execution of Offices, which may comply with their former education, the second age is a media, or middle old age, beginning at sixty, and extending to seventy, and in this age most men are unserviceable for their country, or selves; the last decrepit age, beginning at seventy, and is commonly extended to eighty; and with this age our terrestical being & life is concluded; not but some extraordinary purity in the principals of some individuals, which may cause a larger extension of life; These are the common differences of humane age, the first ingress hot and moist, the last egress, cold and dry, the middle temperate and proved so to be by every sense; And thus is the life of man, 
job.  which springeth up like a flower and with a short duration in one State, circled out a punto, ad punctum, and shall render it probable by art, to extend man's life, and preserve it from the severity of some distempers, conveyed in the natural principles of their mixture, commonly received for distempers hereditary; & defence to be caused by the right use, and application of this juice, from which familiarity with universal nature, life is extended beyond all expectation; which is such a defensitive in weak tempers, as doth enable to resist facible assaults, conveyed in materia spermatica. The best opportunity of effecting such undertaking, is ab incunabolis, or from the breast of the mother and so proceed from temper to temper, as they admit of mutation, in their several ages, otherwise, the universal temper may be so injured, as spoilt, by antecedent irregularity, both of diet, and medicine, as will cause great difficulty in future undertake; for though much advanage of time be gained, yet the perfection of cure, or full satisfaction of the creature, will not be obtained. I could render an empyrical argument from my own affect which was then an Atrophia totius corporis, or consumption of the whole body, and left by the most perite Physicians as incurable; my valitudinary temper then, being until the age of thirty years, affrighted at the sight of one glass of wine, being a strict observer of such advice, as must be accounted more learned, than my own young studies could produce; but when I was left to my free choice, of any thing my reason could present, or appetite require, upon those grounds of Philosophy which I had meditated, I did cast my Anchor at the root of this plant, and by the constant use of the juice recovered in the space of twelve month's perfection of cure, and have in such state of health continued twenty and two years after, and void of a consumptive disposition to this day, & have in many others since observed such levamen as in a latitude, may be esteemed a cure; and the right use and application of this juice cannot be denied, in purity to exceed all spermatique humours, sucked either from women, or breasts, according to ancient & more modern practive; This is a Nectar, and Ambrosia for Princes and as pleasant contemplation for Physicians, learnedly to undertake the practice of it; for as this life may be said to be the unum necessarium, because upon this point eternity doth, or may depend, and that the lives of Kings are more considerable, than other individuals, as being the souls of their Kingdom and people, it cannot but encourage the study of all Physicians, for the particular, and common safety, and preservation of this jewel, to endeavour a right understanding of the use, and application of the blood of the grape; and the most learned, in their highest contemplations, shall find this subject worthy of their industry, as their exceeding expressions, above this my velle, will hereafter manifest; if I should relate my many difficult, and disputable cures, of my own effecting, in a multitude of severals, it might not only seem ostentative, but also an act of injustice, and non integrity to others to publish persons with their imperfections, committed to my cure, & secrecy; nor is testimony in this case of such absolute necessity, where the point is rationally cleared, & consented unto, by the most learned fathers, and Shoolemen in the faculty of Medicine; upon which ground I shall desire credit, and esteem in the first place, and so return from my digression, to my proper subject, and try whither I can make it suitable to all ages; The infant age is the first, & most difficult to reconcile, because Galen saith, according to the collection of Frabesarius, vinum infantibus fit nocivum, because their temper is hot and moist, but surely he was better acquainted with the sense, and soul of Galen, to conceive him speaking of the specifical difference of such wine, as is indicated for nutriment in this age, for than he must challenge him of such misunderstanding of Philosophy, as not to comprehend, mixed bodies to be supported and nourished, by their simile, and force him ignorant of ijs nutrimus, quibus constamus, or that such mixed qualities properly applied, are unapt, or insufficient in their own nature, to assimilate with their identity, or samenes, as is the mixture of wine, to our material principles of nature; but Galen cannot be understood of the quality, but super exceeding quantity, which as too much oil doth extinguish the Lamp, or disturb it by moving some other heterogeneal which by the true support of wine nature had been able insensibly to have disposed otherwise, for had the nature of wine in itself appeared to Hypocrates abnoxions he would never have ordained the dieting of children in the stone either of the rheins or bladder ad hereditary to consist of white wine rather than milk nor was he ignorant that hereditary diseases were Communicated to the children any otherwise then in their spermatick principles, nor that wine in itself and its own nature could be disagreeable in the support of those principles, or to foment & maintain their constitutions, with out any morbifical motion or alteration, myself hath also much used it in affects of the same nature and in many other with exceeding approbation from success, nor can I conceive wine hurtful to any temper of itself without the misapplication and indiscretion of the agent not knowing the specifical differences and mode or use, by these expressions (I presume) the understanding reader to have received satisfaction for the first age & that it is absolved from the former prohibition and at liberty freely to make use of wine, now I am to present a health to the next order which we called puberty, this temper being more hot, and less moist than the former yet by such wine as doth contemper the heat, and add to hte moisture, that wine will and must prove properly useful to this age, the time when & quanteties how much as well as the quanteties ought to be directed by the physician, who must necessarily obey his indications and proper scopes, Adolescency being of a middle temper & predominancy neither hot nor cold nor moist or dry, will moderately and with observation of time, clime, and quanteties, admit of white, claret and rhenish wines with out any fear, juventus being of a temper more hot and dry must with the former aspects apply itself to the forenamed wines, and if they sensibly appear not sufficiently moistening, it is sooner effected by the addition of fountain water. Verile age from thirty five to forty nine broatcheth a vessel of more rich claret and passeth out with a taste of the smallest sack which senectus maketh, 
Bolonia wine.  more strong by more rith sack, muscadins and aligants, and continueth their use to the utter extent and period of life, having thus applied it to every age and cleared my proposition, the next consideration will concern the sex, male and faemale, which though some have more out of curiosity than utility differenced their tempers, most of their litigation being the lana Caprina or the various temperaments of sexes affirming women must of necessity be selled in the left side, and therefore more debill and cold than men, which if it be granted for the satisfaction of such fancy, yet my observation is with out any difference so a liene, & my opinion in the point, is also that temperaments are not conflate out of heat more obtuse, or vehement (though it may signify some thing ingestation) but depend on the perfusion and consent of the four elements, therefore having formerly more distinctly discoursed of temperaments, I have also included sexes, and now pass to the mode of useing this subject, all my former labour hath been a Philosophical extraction and separation of wine, in its principles and medically taught the familiar use, both for aliment and medicament, not doubting its general acceptation, and were it not agreeable in the same sense to such use I shall ingeniously acknowledge my non understanding of Aristotle his alimentm simile and dissimile for although all aliment of haet coldest quality must receive a form of heat before it can be produced into a nutritive act, yet is there no such form or substance so trancible and naturally disposed to sanguification and nutrition as the blood of the grape, and an augmentation of radical moisture or invates heat may be granted, their can be nothing in humane conception more apt to effect it, for 'tis oleagenous and a just proposition fomenteth the flame, which aquosity doth extinguish, so as it is the true nectar, by the use where of the principles of life are augmented, natural humours multiplied, spirits created and refreshed, strength restored, care expelled, and juvency or youthfulness concerved, to conclude, it is the all to a natural body, for aliment in general is and by common consent granted to be liquid airy, and sold which qualities are the compliment of this juice, I have also proved it a convenient medicament in the most difficult and disputable affects of the body and if I should recomend the excess of pure wine, or an operative doss once every month the Arabian Physician will justify my Ordinance, as hath appeared by their own practice and self custom affirming it to recreate the animal faculties, reconcile sleep provoks urine and sweat, dissolve superfluities and a certain cure in a quartain fever with many other distempers, circumstances conducible observed, which circumstances I have given notice of in the precedent discourse, and resolved to entertain this time with substance, only take notice of custom to be in a latitude or some consideration substantial, because it over ruleth or comprehendeth as a second nature both time and climb, and there are some as necessary accommodations to the right use of this aliment as condiments are to ntritive substances of an other condition, as principally the direction of, and consult with the Physician, for let the temper or distemper be of any nature (except gangranous, or wounds vicerat, by his right and proper application they shall sensibly perceive a refreshment and prolongation of life, without which nothing is pleasant to universal nature, for what is aliment with out an appetite or land, when the owner can not trample it, or any other delight to an incapacity; The chemical sect urge the pleasantness of their extract as a grand beauty in their medicine, but here I present a safety and pleasantness transcending all mineral operations, and effected by an undoubted regiment of fire, and to be preferred Prince of all other vegitalls; excess in this juce may be more easily repaired, and the distemper more speedily and inoffencively reduced to harmony, the principal difficulty willbe in obtaining pure wine with out sophistication, for which cause, I can cordially kommend, as much as desire the Scotish severity established, amongst the English nation, and that the Sophisticatiors of wine, may suffer punishment above any ordinary thief, as not only picking the purse of all nations, but with a secret venene mixture painfully afflicting them, & often irrecoverably, no vetrickle being so proper to convey any malignity or venomous quality to the universal spirits of any creature than wine, if I shall dispute further, some may take me up for prolixity, and others stop me for a non visitavit, well knowing that Galen: with his commentary upon the Aphorisimes translated, urgeth that wine as venus doth debilitate innervate, and Frambesarius will according to the French mode exalt a mess of pottage French, beyond a chine of English beef and therefore addeth these insignificant (Scil) vinum venusque nocent eodem modo & if he or any other understand or undertake Galen: in that literal sense, they must confute him beyond johannes Argenterius with whom I left Ranchnius his Countryman at foils, and leave it to those of leisure or standers by, to divulge the victory, but if in that literal sense apprehended the objection I confess is instar ommium whether it be taken for the use, or excess of wine, and in the first sense it will affront greater artists, and in the second opposite to the Arabians which hath told the Grecians and other opposites that their Countty is their disgrace, and those ostentators a disgrace to their Country, Avicenna, Rhasis, and Averrhoes advise it usque ad Ebrietatem, the challenge is high and whither they have measured their weapons (I know not) but if Galen be not understood to speak of Ebriety, than neither the use of wine or women can either debilitate or be abnoctious, for both in their orderly mode are of much utility and concernment, the one to preserve the individual, the other the propagation of the species, the first hath been largely disputed, the last which concerneth propagation not to be effected, but by an act venerial, which Avicenna in a melancholic predominance condemneth, but in his 20 and 3 chap: 
Avicen: 1. Tract. 3. Cap 4.  de juvamentis Coitus (saith) that the use of venery doth most help the melancholist, which opinion was accepted before from Paulus Aegineta in his first book de rebus veneriis, by which it will appear in Avicen: contradiction of himself, and to redeem him out of such incommoduments; let us perpend some passages of Galen: 
Galen. 6. Epid. Comment 5. Text 25.  where he affirmeth mixtion to restrain diseases in fieri or in their motion, and Galen: will not admit of any other interpretation of Hipp: but that mixtion and Coition are of the same signification and amongst other affects doth digitate melancholy, affirming moderate Coition or use of venery to be a specific remedy, (especially proceeding from vapours of combust humours) and with out question upon this consideration, the moderate use of Venus is a considerable adjuvant, but if we understand, or accept those fit subjects of such remedy, as are affected by pungent vapours from a predominancy of natural melancholy, this flatulency being more cold (though provocative) in this sense the use of venery doth prove very adverse, and in this sense I understand Avicen: and the exception in Galen: principally to reflect upon, both quantity and quality unseasonably applied, both in respect of time and temper, as when the wine is inspecificall to the temper or quantity exceeding a natural capacity and upon an empty body ubi vacuis committere venis nil nisi lene decet, and then immoderately to exercise the act of venery, after such a mode both wine and women are innervations and great consumptives of sixth and fluent spirits, and where Plato and Ambrose have an exception I apprehend it only of the nimium, which is intoxication or ebriety in a voluptuous course which doth obnubulate reason and sense rendering the person inferior to a mere animal & a vice reproved by all rationales not only as it is pernicious to the body, inflaming the blood, debilitating the nerves and afflicting the head, but as a privation of reason which is the form of man and by which he preceadeth all other terrestrial creatures; but I am not of opinion, that those Arabian Princes, did ever use wine in such a voluptuous manner themselves, or advised it to others but medically, as will appear by their monthly prescription, upon proper indication, preferring wine before any other medicine, because of its operate power, so familiarly respondent to nature. This objection being culeared I shall move to the last extracted from sacred scripture. There are a prevalent sect in England and other places where they have gained permission, that stiffly defend with inconsiderable logic, that the fatality of man's life & actions and such considerations, are but as the judgement of men which is foolishness with God, because (say they) no man can be in life or fortune preserved, prolonged, assisted, or restored to either, because diseases with all their Concomitants are, or must be inflicted by an inexpugnable necessity determined of the Almighty and immutably fixed, and the closest council of God, have such close clipped considerations of their opponents, as if with out spectacles they could not see their lousy Crowns, or not discern them ridicalous to intellectual persons, and pernicious to all Kingdoms and just people thereof, upon this pretended ground of Religion they murder, steal, betray innocents', perjure themselves, rebel against God, their King and country, supposing no eye can see the Pharisaical paths they walk in, nor that they keep in memory the old cheat of the grand Pharisee, who made it a damnable sin for the publican to dress meat upon the Saboth, and the same Hypocrite, upon the same day made a great feast and invitation to our (Lord and Saviour) that he might obtain advantage of his discourse, and in a Traitorous undertaking (saith he) it is lawful to break a Common dement, for such a breach of command and treachery at this or that time was, and is by the inevitable ordinance of the Almighty, and if God shall command otherwise they are Leviathans and will acknowledge no supreme above naturam naturatam and without control do what they please as doth daily appear (amongst the rest of their cheats) their blasphemous fastenings and prayers, which is nothing but a plain mocking of omnipotency, or a request to deny his own commands, for if he will not give a contrary command to murder, theft, adultery, perjury, or disobedience and disloyalty, their actions bid defiance, and tell, in spite of his will or power they will do it, as giants of force to unthrown the Gods, and then they use Demetrius his faemenine weapons to slay their uxorious husbands, and then the people must be cheated with the pretence of Religion and the name of God, which themselves must take in to their declarations (though they hate Reformation) and persuade the people upon this hyppocriticall ground, that it is but a superfluous curiosity of some fine woven bbraunes, to avoid contagion, or to seek remedies correcting or curring affects (yet their blasphemous prayers and fasting shall never effect) or to arm themselves against their enemies and for the same reason that God forseeth death of every mode in time shorter or longer and his irrisistable order in such motion to be in a voidable, and yet the same omnipotent, bathe declared to all humane nature, that the perdition of every person is of himself, otherwise he can be no delinquent in his justice, if by a supreme power inevitably obliged to such actions or passions: how pernicious and impious this heretical doctrine appeareth to reason and common sense is understood, (except such intellect as apprehend nothing either of reason or sense, but that which is beaten in to their skulls with apoleaxe) and whosoever alloweth this error must of necessity disallow of that form of prayer for our daily bread, ordered by our Saviour to be an inscience in him and a piece of Rebellion against his aeternal Father in such a resistance of his established will, as also all the divine prayers for the prolongation of life, and preservation from danger, ordered by his Apostles and their successors, as also the dispensation of the gift of healing to the Physician. If all diseases and dissolutions of every knide be so imuiovably predestinated as cannot admit of any remedy, or to what end or purpose did the almighty omniscient, create & honour the Physician, to render the reason will silence Mr. Speaker and both houses of Parliament, therefore under favour of more learned interpreters of learning in these points, I shall do my own endeavour rationally to expurge this pernicious and intolerable error concerning divine providence, and to this purpose, some thing concerning his celestial administration of universals, are to be taken in to consideration, and repeated, by which the dignity and eximious utility of medicine may be more clearly demonstrated. That therefore the vicissitudes and actions of things and humane nature, are not by chance, but by the ordination of the Almighty, aught to be a principle embraced by all Christian people, and that God is the omnipotent and eternal fabricator of the whole universe out of nothing as is affirmed by divine testimony, this edifice being so powerfully erected is also by the same efficacy conserved, who hath also appointed to every created thing, both a beginning & end, or termination of subsisting and moving, and doth take notice not only of principal but also of subsequent causes of things, as if that God did govern, moderate, dispose and order them, according to his free will, and yet all this government is void of fatal violence, and most commonly cometh to effect, mediately, and from deputed causes, which vulgarly are nominated second causes, which the divine Majesty doth employ as the instruments of his will, so long as he doth so govern all things which he hath created, as also himself may suffer them to exercise their proper motions, for the will of man by divine ordination is the original of humane actions, freely electing what seemeth best for itself (especially in externals) and the nature of motion is the cause of this or an other thing in which it is per se, according to Aristotel as in the Sun perpetual rotation, and in grave and bevy bodies their inclination to their Centre, and the causes so respond the effects, as if the effects be necessary the causes are also necessary, & if contingents, the causes are contingents, nor doth the prescience which is certain & not to be deceived, abolish the contingency of natural events, but the future effect is disposed as it were by a divine providence necessarily or contingently, nor doth it nul the freedom of the agent, nor is the creator obliged to the necessity, but moderateth all things freely according to his free will and pleasure, as did evidently appear when he caused the sun to stand still, or move retrograde the space of one complete day, and caused the red Sea to divide and stand like firm wales, without either flux or reflux or any motion that we read of, until the Israelites had passed over them, as also in the case of Daniel, and the three children in the fiery furnace, and Duffus Milcolumbus King of Scots who was most barbarously murdered Anno Dom: 961. after which according to their own history there was no appearance either of the Sun or moon for the space of six months, and though divine omnipotency can dispos of causes and life with every kind of death at his own free pleasure, yet it will not urge any person to accept, that term of life for a fatal determination, but for a divine ordination of servient causes and their natural power of sustaining or corrupting life, for since life (according to the Philosopher) is in its self but a duration of heat conjunct with moisture, which duration of vital heat and extinction of the same are natural effects, depending upon natural causes, which doubtless, because of the various disposition of internal heat and moisture, complicated which external causes, not only the quality, but also the quantety of life itself may be varied, for it doth obtain the internal condition of lively principles, so long as the heat & moisture are so united in animals, that one is not destroyed or perturbed by the other so long they subsist, but either of them separated each from the other perish, and in whom soever innate heat is more vegetious & strong, and radical moisture more pure in substance and exceeding in quantety, recipient of a just temper which is temperamentum ad justitia, in such life is more durable and permanent, and if any inquiery shallbe made into causes of long life, in the forefathers to the years of nine hundred and more they will grant the internal purety of principles to be the causes of such extension of life, and successively abreviated by time, in which matter suffiety decay, as not possessive of the prime purety, therefore in these ages the countess of Desmond, and Thomas Parr are extraordinary exemples, for ordinary old age is threescore & ten, if one climictericks more it must be effected by the extraordinary power & purity of radical principles: for radical heat is the principal agent of generation, in the liquid substance of seed and blood in the first conception, soon after renders it more dry, and delineateth the rudiments of every member, and by a farther siccity, doth publish the exact species, and after its production into the world, it doth bring it to perfection, and by the continuat efficiency of this heat the parts are so exiccated above a moderate proportion, as doth render them less (if not unable) to perform their proper functions, by which there doth follow a necessity of decay, and extinction of natural heat, and this is a natural death (according to-Galen) which by reason of extreme siccity, and non nutrition, this natural progress to old age without any sense of pain vanisheth in a regular motion, from generation to corruption and decay, and is unnatural and violent when by any other internal, or external cause is extinct, before this natural motion to extreme old age which by a skilful order may be prolonged against internal causes (except a depraved will) which destroyeth many individuals which no reason can deny in capable of extreme duration one story I remember of a discontented gallant which drowned himself, and being much lamented by the spectators for youthful comeliness, amongst them was one of this erroneous sect which was pleased to read a lecture to them of the inevitable dicree of the Almighty and not by him to be avoided nor by them lamented, Ayong man (of the contrary education) gave her a great blow over the face, which made her challenge him of base Cowardice, and as great incivility to the feminine sect, who returned her in answer, that it was the in evitable will of God it should be so, and a truth according to her own doctrine, which caused her to stagger in her opinion leaving this digression, I must return to my Philosophical discourse of heat and moisture, so united as waisteth not otherwise then by their own natural motion with out disorderly injuries of physic or diet, therefore do proceed upon the simile of Hypocrates, by which he compareth the life of man to a lamp or candle, preserved in a temperate place, free from any tempest in such a place the candle will extend to the last spark of fire or moisture, otherwise by any tempestuous or violent assault, of any kind it is extinguished before it be half lighted, or if its halbe moved gently in a large (though not tempestuous air) yet that motion being more immoderate will cause it to blaze out some hours before otherwise it would in a temperate posture, the like injuries and praeternatural assaults to humane bodies, are plagues, wounds and all other distempers, some peracutes suddenly extinguishing life, others abreviating, & the least and mildest distemper obtaineth such immoderate motion of spirits as in such a digre doth expend a portion of natural heat and moisture, as doth according to that degree abreviate life, the first violence compelling nature suddenly to yield up all power of motion, the latter effecting the same cunctando, I cannot but confess, as matter admitteth generation, so is there a compulsive necessity of suffering corruption nor can the heart be made moister being extremely excicated by its motion to old age, yet no sober spirit, can conceive it a point of wisdom or religion in a careless, negligent, or desperate way, to render up their being in this life, before an irrisistable necessity for this is like beasts to be led, or fools to lead ourselves to slaughter, Thus have I done my in deavour to clear this last objection & to discharge the fatality of man's life of all future quaestion, nor the extension of it by care and counsel to extreme old age, and by no such natural means as wine, and if I should proceed further to every cercumstance conducible to the practical part, it would be a work of long time which I cannot spare, and of exact judgement, wherein I could be content to receive directions, from guides more quick sighted and learned then myself. That which I have now written is according to my own reason and desire, to give more satisfaction to the world concerning the use of this vinose subject, which hath been doubtful and in all ages quaestionable, both in respect of the life of man, whether or not it may be extended, or whether it be extensible as also in respect of wine, whether their proper nature be so extending, as in all the former discourse hath been my labour to demonstrate, by arguments both a priore & a posteriore, and by such argumentation to in counter those fantastic skulls, that either cannot, or will not conceive the medecinal art, to be established upon any other ground (except conjecture) and that the best conjecture is the best Physician, not understanding that pathognomik symptoms demonstrate the affect, as plainly as any other shadow doth either man or beast, none that hath eyes will take the shadow of man for a horse, nor of an ox, for a rhinosoros, or a lion, for a bear, to such as these I do not direct this my Philosophy, nor can I conceive where there are such infinities of faces, their should not also be a variety of opinions, therefore I cannot hope to satisfy every fancy nor do I intent to be understood of the vulgar, but leave my justification to the natural sons of art, and to such are these my endeavours presented, an oblation after the manner of those divote children, which where accustomed once every year to offer a sacrifice to jupiter, but at the accustomed time being by an inexpected inundation prevented, both of their altar and Sacrifice, instead of a beast, they offered a lemon which jupiter accepted in that necessitious condition, so also those that have read my precedent Tract of waters, cannot conceive my head free from washing, nor my brains from such inundation, as consequently may not dilute my wine and render it more weak and impure, yet if my devotion may be acceptable to jupiter, let it be blest to the world, and where as (like the dog of Hercules) I have be smeered my lips with the Crimson juce of the grape, other Herculean brains, may vent it in more pure, and plentiful in substance and measure, by which every sense shallbe refreshed, every capacity filled, and every intellect really delighted.   

ERRATA.  
Pag. 63. line. 8. preternaturalie for preternatural. p. idem l. 20. volentus for volvulus. p. 79. l. 4. indian Physicians for Cnydian Physicians. p. 83. l. 2. cure for care p: 94. l: 15. facible for forcible. p: 96. l: 16. Breasts, for Beasts, p: 98. l: 23. then for else, p: 104. l: 7. her for the, p: 108. l: 4. vetrickle for vehickle.  
FINIS.