A manual OF DIVINE CONSIDERATIONS, Delivered and concluded by the Reverend THOMAS WHITE.  Deut. 32. 29. 
O that men would be wise! that they would understand! that they would consider the last things!  Hierem. 12. 11. 
All the earth is become desolate with desolation, because there is not a man that considers.  
Translated out of the Original Latin copy.  
Printed in the year, MDCLV.   

To his honoured Cousin, JOHN COTES of Woodcote, Esquire.  
SIR,  
THose endearing expressions, which I, beyond my merit or expectation, received heretofore from my worthy friend, your indulgent Father; and those other due respects which I owe unto that Name and Family whereof I am a branch, engage me to prefix your Name in the Frontispiece of this little work. I dare confidently put the same into your hands as a solid piece, and deserving your regard. And albeit I am neither ambitious of honour, nor fearful of censure, yet I desire you to give it protection; who notwithstanding you have a different sense from me in points of Religion; yet I hope you are not so estranged, but that you dare accept a book, presented by a kinsman, who is moreover, dear Sir,  
Your most affectionate Servant, W. C. From my chamber this day of the memorial of our Lord's Passion, 1655.   

To the Reader.  
ALthough this compendious Treatise will not admit a large Preface, yet I shall venture to give in few words a civil account, which I hope will not much wrong your patience.  
In the first place, I must remove all honour from myself, it being due unto him, who composed the considerations set down in this little manual, assuring you, he is one, who for his general and rational knowledge is the wonder of this age; yet I shall be silent in his commendations, lest some should think I say too much, and others I am sure will esteem all that I can say too little: It is enough to tell you they are m White's.  
They were dictated by him to divers Gentlemen then under his charge, and the objects of his care, as fast as his pious soul conceived them, which breaking forth expressed itself in an active and burning charity. Behold therefore deep sallies proceeding from a zealous heart. They are not a miscellany of fragments stolen out of other men's works; but a sinewy discourse, issuing from a profound judgement, compacted together, and tied up with such a strength of reason, so close, and pressing the motives so home, that Vice hath nothing to colour her deformity, which he hath not unmasked; nor have the virtues any lustre to set forth their inviting beauties, which are not likewise by him discovered.  
Finally, that man who is but meanly considerative, must be mainly defective in his capacity, if he doth not easily of himself fall upon firm resolutions to perform the duties correspondent to a good Christian. And if yet either a dulness of nature, or a quickness of unmortified affections, make the soul cold and dry in the consideration of spiritual objects; the author comes in again at every turn, and assists with conclusions, suggested, and substantially raised upon the firm Basis of his well-grounded motives.  
As for the persons to whom he delivered them, they were Gentlemen of good condition, well qualified, and Catholics; who yet (by an unhappy mistake of some seduced zealots) were therefore disesteemed and cast off, as being scarcely either good Christians, or loyal Subjects. An error nourished by some of our greatest (whose honour and name I spare) and so far drove on by design, under pretence of securing the State, their temporal Interest, and the new-established Gospel; that now at length they have lost and undone themselves, their best Subjects and Friends, and the Formalities (though that be least to be lamented) of their supposed Church, and all that flourish of Religion whereunto they pretended; the storm rising (according to God's judgements) in another quarter, where some of them did least fear it. But in the mean time, while they ruffled it in their glory, many honest Catholic Christians lost both life and fortunes. Nor had these distressed Gentlemen any other comfort, but their prayers, joined with the practice of virtues, and a good conscience, for which they suffered.  
To the almighty, whose loins are girded with power, they offered up their daily supplications, beseeching him to regard and pity his holy Spouse, the Church; to cast an eye of mercy upon his servant's misery; to look graciously upon their religion & innocency; to grant them patience, obedience, and humility; to mollify the obdurate hearts of their adversaries; & in the bowels of his eternal charity, for his son Christ Jesus sake, to recall, and receive into the bosom of his Church, their seduced, yet still their dearly-beloved Countrymen. Such were their weapons to advance Religion, such was their armour to defend themselves, and such use they made of the considerations & conclusions to be seen in this ensuing Treatise.  
Wherein, towards the latter end, you shall find some Meditations composed properly for those, who after a long time spent in prayer and study, having mortified their own wills, were called by God and their superiors to assist their country in an active life, and to undertake the sublime function of Priesthood. And albeit those considerations of single life, and some other points more immediately conducing to that particular state, are not so generally concerning all men; yet I would not defraud thee of whatsoever was in the original copy.  
I was willing therefore to dress those meditations also in our English habit, since the least spiritual profit of the Reader is infinitely more worth than all my labours; and I verily believe there be many who will read them, and make good use of them, learning daily more and more to esteem and increase that talon which God hath given them, for the benefit of their own souls, & the salvation of others, and to watch and guard their steps warily, when they see to what a high pitch of perfection they are obliged by virtue of their profession, how perilous and pernicious every the least slip may prove to themselves, and how scandalous to others, being to act upon a slippery stage, before the eyes of many curious observers. God forbid that they should cause his Name to be blasphemed, his holy Spouse to be despised, or his sacred Priesthood to be vilified among the nations which do not know him; when as their saintlike virtues, as well as their sublime vocation, aught to make them a spectacle of reverence to Angels and men. Nor will those discourses be only profitable to such as are, or should be in a state of perfection; but they also who humbly creep along, & lead a secular life; may among other good lessons, learn to obey and honour that celestial state, whereof he ought to acknowledge himself much unworthy, whoever best deserves it.  
Lastly, I assure you that although I extremely liked the Latin piece, and loved the author for it; yet being contented with the original, I was not ambitious to translate it, by reason of difficulties, and those more than many will imagine, until I was solicited and engaged, and had the help of a powerful friend. And then also, at first, I intended it only for the private use of my family, neither did I therefore dress it up so accurately, as otherwise I would have done; albeit to my utmost capacity I delivered the sense of the original, and followed it closely, it being that which I principally aimed at. But now since I publish it, and invite all, especially the honourable society of those, who were once my fellow collegiates, to peruse it in our mother tongue; I could wish I had made it more polished, and pleasing. However (such as the Translation is) I am confident it is worth your reading, and will with God's grace make you happy, if seriously put in practice; without which, a hasty running over it will only prove a fruitless curiosity, and not able to attain or reach that end, for which it was either composed or translated. For certainly, when the day of judgement shall come, saith Thomas à Kempis, it will not be examined what we have read, but what we have done; nor how well we have spoken, but how religiously we have lived.   

Of the Beginning, and End of Man.  

1. Meditation. Of the creation of the World.  
1 COnsider how God, whereas he was of himself essentially Being, and ever most blessed, the Quintessence of all good being reconcentred into his indivisible Essence, by the necessity of the first and highest contradiction, pressed with an intimate weight and act of his bounty, flowed forth, and in a manner squeezed himself into whatsoever is besides.  
2. Consider, how admirably and fully he poured forth and ordained the nature of the Universe, without any matter to be presupposed, and without any help of additional assistance: how conveniently he tied together all its parts, according to his eternal wisdom, and so fitly accommodated them, that nothing did superabound, nor was there any thing that could be desired, wanting.  
3. Add to these, the immensity of the Creature, set in array almost with an infinite extension beyond the reach of all human understanding, which yet in all its hugeness falls away, and sinks into the abyss as it were of nothing, in comparison of its Creator; who if it had been conformable to his free purpose, and the most absolute counsels of his wisdom, could in the very twinkling of an eye, have as infinitely exceeded this his mighty work, as that doth surpass and exceed an invisible atom, which by a perpetual division is even ready to pass into nothing.  
Conclude then, what kind of disposition and affection thy soul ought to bear towards God: whether thou comparest the excellent infinity of his nature to thyself, but a contemptible part of his meanest work; or that thou dost contemplate the force and height of his wisdom, piercing and passing through what is deepest in creatures; or that thou labourest to weigh, and adore, the most perfect and holy ways of his bounty: lest thou be included in the damnation of that blindness of men, who knowing God, do notgive unto him honour and glory.   

2. Meditation. Of the Fall of the Angels.  
1. COnsider how, when God had placed innumerable armies of celestial Spirits in the highest part of his admirable fabric, of which every one, even to the very last, in natural excellency, and fullness of Being, exceeded the whole material sphere of Creatures; and that besides all this, they were elevated by supernatural gifts to a conversation and acquaintance with God himself: nevertheless, whereas a main multitude of them, proud of that beauty which was given them, forgot their Creator, and took final content in themselves; he in the twinkling of an eye plucked them down, all fettered in the cables of hell, and for ever shut them up in the lowest and basest dungeons of corporeal putrefaction, and by an irrevocable sentence, deputed them to intolerable and eternal punishments, without any the least hope of pardon, and this for one only sin, committed in a moment. So that those princes and powers of the Heavens, and commanders of the Universe, through obstinacy of sinning, became haunters of darkness, and ugly creatures, more weak and unworthy than the most contemptible man alive.  
Conclude; if God would not spare so excellent a nature, and the very prime grace of his world, and work, but in a most severe and eternal judgement, changed it into so deformed a vileness, for having committed but one sin; what hope is there left for thee, a contemptible slave of flesh and blood, if for the love of dung and mud thou shalt despise thy creator, and cleave to sin? Whilst it is permitted, whilst thou hast time, shake off thy drowsiness, and fear, and pacify that Lord, who is jealous of his honour.   

3. Meditation. Of the Creation of Man.  
1. COnsider, how that God, when he had built up the admirably cunning Architecture of the corporeal World, at length formed thy Parents, and in them thyself, as a final end of so fair a work. The body he fitted out of the common Elements with a more than usual comeliness: deprived indeed of such natural fences and assistance, wherewith other creatures are born; but of so great use and service, that it might well stir up the envy of the rest of the creatures, every one in their own kind, whether we respect its beauty, commodity, or pleasure.  
2. Consider besides, how profusely he bestowed all those things which are round about us upon man; how the East unto the West, the South unto the North, as if they were Villages depending upon a great City, do expose one to the other their native commodities in a full market. The vast depths of the Sea unknown to man, cannot secure the Fishes; no more than the huge spaces of the spreading convex can protect the flying Foul: the strange profundity of earth and waters, heaped upon them, preserves not those Gems and Metals which are hid within their bowels. Look about thee, and see how the whole world, as great as it is, doth serve thee by proportionate particles of itself.  
3 Add now unto these, the glorious day, and the beautiful night, the interchangeable course and season of the year, and times, which are chained together for thy use, with a more strict and severe bondage, then if they advanced, or made their stops only at thy beck and commanding pleasure.  
4 But above all things, ponder well the commanding soul, in whose eye the rest, though so great, are but base and trivial, how with a never-resting motion it tends, and grasps at the Crown and Fountain of all things, and leaving whatsoever is besides at such a despicable distance as cannot be imagined, reposeth in him alone, who is to this our Universe, an unfathomable and incomprehensible Universe.  
Conclude; if what thou art, thou hast received; what ever thou art, must be returned back to him again. If thou hast received the service of all things about thee, through all, and in all, his will alone is to be observed. If those things whereof thou canst not reach the knowledge, by his command do attend upon thee; whatsoever is under the power of thy understanding, let it serve him. And lastly, if thou art created less than he alone, do not through a degenerate baseness, suffer any creature to have dominion over any of thy affections.   

4. Meditation. Of original justice.  
1. COnsider; whereas the way by nature appointed to commence to Beatitude was obscure, hard and encumbered, both by reason of the senses giddiness, wandering rather any way, then keeping to the right; as also, through the weakness of the understanding running astray into errors, labyrinths, and mazes without end; as likewise, through the yoking of the will with flesh and blood, and plunging in the same; and that few, or none at all, did seem able to force a way through; lastly, the commensuration of our perfect good, compared to the poverty of our meanness, was such, that even in possession it might be neglected by a perverse and illtainted affection: goodness itself was not satisfied, until he cast into the new-created soul seeds of his very self in the native vastness, and made it fruitful with the Divinity itself, that it might germinate and spring forth into the proper and natural possession of itself, which should captivate and swell up all the capacity of affection with an overflowing fullness, accomplish an immediate access for us unto him, by an uninterrupted adhesion of Faith, Hope, and Charity, and procure a joyful and pleasant way to bliss, both by intellectual, and temporal successfulness.  
2. Add, the brooks of grace, which were derived upon the servile powers of the soul; the discourse guarded, that it might not any ways fail; the motions of the unruly and floating sensuality made gentle, and pacified; the ruins of the decaying body prevented; and the journey of both portions made smooth to pass unto Eternity.  
3. What need is there to mention the blessed aspect of the rest of the world, the tractable condition of beasts, and the bounty and proneness of the earth to be manured, inviting man to command its obedience?  
4. Wonder at the ministeries of celestial Spirits, and those Princes of concealed glory being sent to take the charge of thee, who are not only thy companions, but in a manner servants for thy profit.  
Conclude, that how much thou art less than all the mercies of God, pouring himself out beyond that which thy nature demandeth, beyond his own Ordinance and appointment; so much, if thou wilt be grateful, thou oughtest to erect thyself above thyself, and what thou art able: and chiefly remember, that whatsoever true goodness is in thee, it is all above thee. Be wary, lest forgetful, thou arrogatest any thing to thyself, or esteem thyself any thing, or judge any man, or undertake to do any thing of thyself, being mindful of thy own poverty, and the divine greatness.   

5. Meditation. Of the Fall of Man.  
1. COnsider, how our want of Spirit did cast us forth with confusion, out of that eminent height of Glory wherein God had placed us. He gave unto Adam a helper, in whom he should have loved Gods and his own similitude; but he, through a foolish concupiscence, and sensual, became a deserter of the divine commandment, and betrayed himself to banishment, and perpetual miseries, with so many, and such infinite ages of his posterity.  
2. Consider, how death is born with us; and that the forerunners of it are in a manner worse than death itself, diseases, griefs, and afflictions daily pressing themselves upon us; wrapped up in ignorance, as in the clouts of our Infancy, in the very noonday of our actions we grope and are amazed, we are hurried into precipices of all kinds, with an unbridled and stormy affection, being neither able to obtain, nor so much as acknowledge truth and felicity, which lieth enticing us even at our very feet, until the short day of this mortal light being suddenly finished, we are cast forth in a full flood into an eternal night of unspeakable mischief.  
3. Where are now the heads of those Monarchs and Emperors, who made the world to tremble? Where are those martial armies of mighty conquerors? Where are the cunning and crafty fetches of State politicians? Where are those soaring wits of Philosophers, which comprehended the secrets of Heaven and Earth? Where are those admirable works of Artificers, that have proved nothing impossible for industry to perform? Where is the vigorous persuasion of orators, or the alluring sweetness of Poets? Through the morsel of one apple, for the pleasure of a moment, being entangled in the bogs of Hell, they live, and are lusty only to torment themselves.  
Conclude, in how great humility and care we must live, in the expectation of so strict an account of Justice, and so many dangers, in which whole ages of people have been shipwracked, and cast headlong into the bottomless depth of eternal perdition.   

6. Meditation. Of Sin.  
1. COnsider, that a sin is committed as often as the soul is drawn away by an affection of any thing from the desire of that which is its true good, unto which it is essentially and naturally inclined.  
2. Sin therefore, as much as it hath from sinfulness, is contrary to Nature; as heat is an enemy to water: it is a disease of the soul, and weakens it in the operations which are connatural unto it; it is a blemish, deforming her beauty.  
3. Again, sithence reason was given to us as a governess, and aimeth at nothing else than what is absolutely best to be done, all things being considered; it is necessary that he who runs astray from it by sin, doth by so doing fall into mischiefs; and by how much thesin is more grievous, by so much are the mischiefs more grievous into which he falls.  
4. Now because the desire of that which is according to reason is fundamental, and in a manner established in the soul, and therefore cannot be extinguished; it is necessary, that the soul of a sinner remain divided against itself, always wavering and inconstant.  
5. Moreover, whereas this desire is in that part of the soul which knows itself, & follows her own motions; it is necessary that the life of a sinner be subject to continual pains, griefs and miseries, because that something always happens contrary to the mind and appetite.  
6. Lastly, since whatsoever thing besides doth therefore breed torment, because it produceth an ill affection, that is, grief; but sin is intrinsically the worst of affections; it is therefore necessary, that among all mischief's sin is the most singular and chief.  
Conclude, how horrible and grievous the mischief is, in which thou and the world art drowned through Adam's sin. Arise therefore up with thy whole strength, and free thyself with the utmost endeavours of thy soul.   

7. Meditation. The effects of Sin.  
1. COnsider, how many and how gt mischiefs sin hath brought upon mankind, in all parts both of the body and soul: what a gross darkness it hath brought upon the understanding: so that in natural things, what the world is, and the celestial globes, what the constitution of the earth is, upon which we tread, very few know any thing that is worth the knowledge. But concerning God and the Intelligences, which have no bodies, besides those things which are taught us by faith, we believe mere dreams.  
2. What should I speak, how wholly ignorant we are of human actions, and what belongeth to our very selves? What is past, we hear not; that which is to come, we are by no means able to comprehend; those very things which are present, which we ourselves touch, and which in some fashion compel us not to be ignorant of them, we notwithstanding penetrate them not. No man can tell what he knows, nor whereof he is ignorant, how able, or how weak: what will not an undertaker promise, being in very deed of himself able to bring nothing to perfection?  
3. Now if we but look upon the miseries of the body; From whence arise so many strifes and contentions, and such losses of the goods of Fortune, but sometimes through negligence, and at other times through rashness or overmuch covetousness? From whence are so many wars and slaughters, and the threads of so many men's lives cut asunder in one day? From whence are so many become maimed, and cripples, ●ffected by mutual wounds? From whence are the swarms of so many of the rest of diseases; whereof some are common and natural? This man gets a fever by his intemperancy, another a pleurisy by his immoderate labour: besides particular torments of the entrails appropriate to particular vices; the dropsy or the Gout through too much drinking; the venereal Infection, or the running of the reins, which pursue impure lusts. How great a part of mankind are entangled in these calamities? and their contagion spareth not even such as are most innocent.  
Conclude with an acknowledgement of, what a strange monster it is that encompasseth thee: cry out, and roar at the sight of it, and with the whole extent of thy power labour to shake off all encumbrances, and free thyself, and thine.   

8. Meditation. Of Death.  
1. COnsider, how the last end of the foresaid effects of sin is death, which in one moment, in the very twinkling of an eye, ravisheth away all that which in the whole course of thy life was most amiable, and with which thou wert most acquainted; as the food and delights of thy taste, the vanities of thy garments, the curiosities of thy eyes and ears, the pleasing enticements of smell and touch, thy Palaces, Farms, Honours, Dignities, Power, Friends, Wife, Children, the body itself, and all the bodies interior affections: so that there remains to thyself thy soul alone, and that all naked, which before thou didst hardly take notice of by some obscure reflection.  
2. Which soul moreover is wearied with the weight of terrene affections, and chained with corporeal phantasms, trembling with the ignorance of itself, & of such things as are presently to come upon it, astonished with the unknown account of life, torn away by violence from the embracement of the body, ignorant of all things, and fearing the worst.  
3. To all this is joined the extreme torment of that sad hour: for if the loss of our liberty or substance, if the departure for a few days from the place of our friends or their company, if the extension or cramp of the sinews, if the dissolution of any sensitive particle causeth such intolerable griefs, that the greatness of the sense of it doth sometimes take away sense itself: of what a strange nature will that hour be, when bitter death at once shall divide us from all these, without any the least hope of returning.  
4. Add, what will make that hour more grievous, the love of that which we must lose, the despair of recovery, the foul conscience of the sins we have committed, and the horror of future punishments.  
5. But that which is of exceeding terror, is, that no hour or moment of our life is free from death: in the morning who can promise to himself to see the evening, or at the evening who can promise himself the next morning? A cup of water, a morsel of meat, the biting of some beast, an intemperate exercise, and some things by the only fight of them do break asunder the brittle thread of our life. We are the scorn of all chances; the slip of a foot, the error of a hand, a stone falling down, and infinite other accidents do force us from our lives.  
Conclude, that sin is abolished by a just fear of death, acknowledge it to be the cause of all thy miseries, and that the only remedy is to abstain from it, and continually to kill it in thy body.   

9 Meditation. Of a damned Soul.  
1. COnsider, a Soul oppressed with terrene and corporeal affections when it is separated from the body, with what horrible pains and miseries it is entangled and afflicted.  
First of all, because it is in no manner able to obtain those things which it pursues with her chief affection; honours, for example, pleasures and the like, the time for the enjoying whereof is now past.  
2. Besides, she is tormented with her desires, which are contrary, and fighting among themselves, when as one of the contraries which she coveteth cannot be had, nor consist with the other.  
3. Besides, that all these desires combat, and mortally disagree with that inbred appetite of good according to reason, which she carries with her in her very substance, the most vehement above all her desires, and never possibly to be rooted out.  
4. Furthermore, that it cannot possibly but see the greatness of that which is true beatitude, both according to her nature, and grace likewise; which are all lost, and to be despaired of: nor yet can it despise it when it is seen.  
5. Add to these, that infinite fuel of envy and impatience, to see the glory of them who waged the same war with them in this life, with like, or perchance worse conditions, yet now enjoy eternal felicity.  
6. On the contrary side, she cannot be ignorant of the vanity of those vilegoods, which the soul hath preferred before bliss; which being most base, flying away for all eternity, and irrecoverable, forsake her still most eagerly gaping after them; yet she, transported towards them with the whole activity and violence of a free soul, with a greater force than what is heavy descends, than fire burns, or the Sun runs the ring of his circumference, is without restraint perpetually pined and maugred.  
7. And which is the grievousest thing of all, the fleeting passage of time being over once, and ever, with an unchangeable and unvaried activity, roaring it cries out, and ever shall cry; nor shall be able to fail or die, being insufferable, and execrable to herself, to heaven, to Saints, to the damned also, and all creatures besides; being become an eternal monument of the Divine anger, and of a creatures baseness.   

10. Meditation. The torments of a damned Body.  
1. COnsider, that since all grief and malady of the Body, proceeds out of the strength and activity of the Soul, it is necessarily consequent, that the very sufferings of the body shall be infinitely more vehement after its resurrection, when as the soul being free from the necessity of a body, doth act her operations by her full self; and the body being altogether subject to the same soul, without any mixture of contrary, or repugnance, without measure doth receive the impressions of the soul, by the whole capacity of the subject, how great soever it be.  
2. Again, the fantasy will then be infinitely more powerful to create strange and most fearful images, which will fill and overwhelm the man with an instant terror, and anguish most presential, and round besieging, not concerning some one object only, but together about all those objects which with abomination it detesteth. The appetite also, like to a kind of infinite Ocean, will overflow with a deluge of unbridled motions, beyond all imagination.  
3. Ponder now seriously in thy soul the miserable pains of the Gout, colic, Stone, and all other diseases, the distention and convulsion of the nerves and sinews, and whatsoever torments the mischievous cunning of cruel tyranny hath found out: and suppose them all to be applied to thy whole body, and to every particle of the same, chiefly to those wherein thou hast been ingrateful to God, and heaped up the treasure of God's wrath; and yet be certain, in all thy deepest Meditations, thou art far short of the truth of things, nor canst once imagine what horrible torments shall throughly pierce, and settle in a damned body.  
4. Contemplate further the vexing power of the eternal fire, and above other miseries, the horrid presence and behaviour of the most hideous ministers of the divine punishment.  
Conclude, whether the experiment of such an eternity can please thee: remember in what continual danger of the same thou dost live; thy own actions, and very light occasions are driving thee on, and drawing thee into it, unless thou beware.   

11. Meditation. The condition of Adam's posterity after his Fall.  
1. COnsider, how notwithstanding that most heavy punishment, whereby all mankind was banished out of the delights of Paradise, and the unhappy memory which Adam and Eve did inculcate continually to their children, both of the happiness which they had lost, and what they did in the present suffer; the first parents of mankind were scarce dead, when as all their posterity, without order and shame, rebelled against God, and Nature, so much, that of infinite thousands of them, whereunto they were increased, there was scarce one just man found, upon whom the mercy of God might extend itself, without an injury committed against his justice: for the Senses infected with original corruption, and thereby taken up with exterior Objects, did not permit the soul to return to internal things, and the consideration of herself; and the forcible necessities of hunger, thirst, cold, and such like accidents, known by experience, by use, and continual custom, did sooner ensnare the soul with pernicious affections, than they could by ripeness of years, and reason, take a just care of themselves.  
2. Presently, the example of the Parents leading to worldly appetites, appeared unto the children a sufficient guide and authority. Thus a forerunning deluge of iniquity, ushered in those waters, that overwhelmed the whole world; a dreadful monument of the misery of sin.  
3. And yet notwithstanding all this, men were not herewith admonished, although the witnesses of so grievous a punishment remained still a live, but were deservedly dispersed for their pride; and a part, through a total forgetfulness of the natural light of reason, deserved to be exterminated with fire and brimstone, not one native inhabitant of a great Region, being found worthy of mercy.  
Conclude, what grace and favour hath been shown to thee by God, who of his only bounty hath drawn thee forth out of so universal and contagious a mischief, and the causes of so great a misery.   

12. Meditation. Of God's Mercy to the Jews.  
1. COnsider, how that God, when he had declared by experience, that malice was so deeply rooted in man, that it was in vain to seek to keep him within bounds with examples of severity, and that the knowledge of God did degenerate into gross superstitions, and that by this means the seeds of virtue did quickly degenerate into horrid barbarism; he resolved to discover in the second place, if knowledge were not wanting, whether the appetite would rest quietly under the conduct of reason, and thereupon made choice of one man, and constantly instructed him with benefits, for three generations, establishing them in his love, and surcharging them with promises; and when this seemed to be done abundantly, he sent his heirs into Egypt, where they suddenly increased into a vast Nation.  
2. And now they were no less than six hundred thousand fighting men, when he sent to them a lawgiver with prodigies and wonders, such as no memory of man did ever see the like: and further, himself pronounced a Law with his own mouth, before the whole people, in terror and exceeding majesty, and did labour to imprint it in their hearts and memories, both with benefits and threats, with punishment of the Egyptians, and those Nations which he overthrew, and utterly rooted out in their sight; as also with their own sufferings, whom, in forty years, their children being placed in their steads, he changed, that there might not remain among them such as should remember the Egyptian impurities; by giving them miraculously their meat and drink, their garments, and their victories, a moderate temperature being given night and day, by a cloud and fire, exceeding promises of his protection being likewise assured to them for the future, if they would but observe his Law.  
1. Conclude, in admiring the all-bounty of God, and his care in cultivating mankind, how he doth as it were labour about it.  
2. Again, conclude, how great the misery of our kind is, how deeply rooted, that it is not sufficient to be learned, nor to know the Law of God; but the greatest labour is to manage the appetite. What pains must thou take, that by continual Meditation thou mayest renew the memory with the thoughts of our Christian Profession, and deeply imprint it, urging the affection to remain! For what chanced to all these people, if thou dost but mark it, thou shalt also observe the same to be in effect acted in thyself.   

13. Meditation. Of God's continued mercy, and man's misery.  
1. COnsider, how God brought the Nation of the Jews, a Law being given unto them, into a country which flowed with milk and honey. How he established their political government with his own hand, in which every one should eat of his own Vine, and rest under his own figtree; where there should be no exactor, no molester among them. He instituted also so many festival days, years, and times, and such ceremonies, that by reason of them it might seem impossible to have fallen from the fear of the Divinity.  
2. All which notwithstanding, they fell away, and revolted from God, and were according to the quality and degree of their offence, chastised by those Nations which bordered upon them: and when they returned to God, Commanders were given them to wage their wars, and minister justice, which were neither perpetual, nor very eminent: but when their revolts, and fallings from God became more frequent, and that their scourges were thereupon more grievous, which they would not acknowledge to be due unto their crimes, but attributed them to the order of their commonwealth, which had yet been instituted by the Divinity itself; Kings were granted, both David most valiant in war, and Solomon most wise in peace; under whom as they lived in greater glory, so also in greater misery, being famous in war, but miserable; being glorious in peace, but slavish; reaping out of their own devices, vain ostentations in lieu of the real blessings of peace, abundance, and justice.  
3. Presently, by reason of their state and condition, ten Tribes fell to idolatry, and the other two followed after, infected with their contagion: neither did the Prophets sent by God, with God his own eloquence and wonders, profit any thing; but necessary it was they should be cast forth to the Assyrians and Babylon.  
4. Not withstanding, God brought them back again repentant, in a small number, and as it were for the last remedy subjected them to the temporal rule of Priests and Scribes, expecting in a manner, that themselves would have been kept in their duties by the bait of temporal honour, and that at least for the world's sake, they should have retained the common people in the true service of God. And when they also looked only upon temporal things, he raised up the Pharisees, and other Regulars, with the show of abstinence from worldly commodities, whom yet ambition and avarice did quickly blind and overthrow.  
Conclude, that there was nothing more behoving, or that God in a manner could have done to his Vineyard. See what a care is necessarily to be had to thy soul, and how nothing is sufficient without the special assistance of God within thee. Remember that humility and earnest prayer unto God, with watchfulness, and continual care, and labour, is to be joined together; and that it is never fit for thee to think thou hast done enough, or that thou art secure, whether thou art solicitous for thyself alone, or that the charge of others be committed to thee.   

14. Meditation. Of God's merciful Redemption.  
1. COnsider, how God, when other remedies did fail, was forced to the extremity of all bounty; so that he communicated the bounty of his very self, really and identificatively uniting the selfsame in one Person with the human nature: for neither had the all-goodness satisfied itself, if it had been never so freely bestowed by participation, when as it might be done essentially, and entitatively; nor when it saw human nature by its misery thrown down into such a state, as it seemed therefore to deserve so great a commiseration and pity, because no other remedy could be sufficient, could very goodness contain itself, but that it must spring forth, where there was a possibility to be good.  
2. Add moreover, that the order of the rest of the works of the Divine wisdom did require, that among the second causes, there should be some firm principle of those qualities, which it caused perpetually and constantly to abide in human nature: but of Grace, and like supernatural gifts, seeing they are participations of the Divine Essence according to its properties, there was found no root, or steadfast foundation out of the Divine Essence to perpetuate those; therefore in human nature by a connatural root, it was necessary that God should become Man.  
3. But otherwise also, when as the order of Grace was in such manner to exceed inferior substances, as to equal them amongst themselves, and sometimes to exalt the lower above the higher; there was no principal cause, nor sufficiently authorising so great an innovation, besides God himself the creator of all things.  
4. And moreover, to receive an alien nature to his own, without a confusion of those natures, was the only work of existency subsisting, and by consequence not of a received or restrained being.  
5. What should we say moreover, but that the master and teacher of the secrets of the divine knowledge and wisdom, could not be, but he that did comprehend them, and to exact of a reasonable creature, accustomed to the evidence of axioms, and demonstrations, a belief unmovable, must be of such an one, whose authority should be more unchangeable, than nature itself, and both the one and the other proper to God alone?  
6. Besides, this economy of the world, was to be governed and perfected by the ministeries of Angels, both of good, and bad, and an innovation of the order of the Universe to be added where it was needful; and therefore without doubt the work proper to the Commander of this great Universe, and the absolute Lord both of corporeal and intellectual substances.  
7. Lastly, the load of sin by a mixture of supernaturals, with the weight of the Deity added unto it, was increased so immensely, that virtue, had it not been ennobled by the Person of God added to it, would not have been able to overmatch it.   

15. Meditation. How God became Man.  
1. COnsider, how God vouchsafed to become Man, not declining his weakness and infirmity; how he underwent hunger and thirst, and the like maladies of nature, not refusing pains and griefs inflicted from without, not calumnles nor reproaches, not contempt nor infamy, neither last of all the inbred war of the sensitive appetite against reason, being in an agony through trembling and fear, through sadness and weariness.  
2. Chiefly, because indeed all these things are not evils, nor disagreeing to the Divine nature, since they are the works of his hands, and he cannot hate any thing which he hath made: again, because they could not reach to the Deity, although they pressed upon God in his humanity. But as the Sun in the dunghill, and God, who is in hell by his essence, is neither defiled, nor ofless account, by reason of the filthiness and horror of the place: So in like manner doth the godhead neither suffer pains nor contempt, through the miseries of the humanity, although in a more sublime manner united to it.  
3. Add to these, that all things which happened unto Christ were in very deed main good things, and most of all to be desired: For as to a Musician, to sing, and to a Mathematician, to learn or teach; so is it also exceeding good, and delightful for a virtuous man to exercise himself in the substance of virtue. Now God by election and virtue, put himself upon all actions and passions.  
4. Besides that, he descended to present himself a Master most perfect, and therefore to give real examples of that whereunto his words did invite; and to leave for us the way of true vertuetrod forth by his own footsteps.  
Conclude, in like manner, to esteem none of those things, which reason and order persuade to be done, to be too low, or un worthy of thy person, especially if thou art in office, and perceivest some that are under thee slow in performing their duties: be mindful that it is thy part, with a helpful hand, by thy own example, to pluck the scruples of vain Opinions out of the paths of them that are less wise.   

16. Meditation. Of the Preparation for the coming of our Saviour.  
1. COnsider, that God to be Man is a work of so great excellency, that whatsoever is in the world besides is not undeservedly directed to this end. For this was created the Heaven, and Earth, and Seas, the Sun and Stars, the myriads of Angels, and the infinity of Men, eternised by mortality never failing to be repaired, and whatsoever is contained in these, or belongs unto them.  
2. For this end was permitted the rupture of the celestial Hierarchies, by the rebellion of no mean part of them, and that all ourstock was to be damned in one lump.  
3. For this the whole Earth, by the degrees of the fore-running Monarchies, was collected to advance the Roman greatness, that the Trumpet of the gospel might reach through all the world, and rouse them up, as it were with one sounding, when it should roar out from the tops of the Roman hills. For although the Romans gained but a small part of the world with their Armies, yet they had made a passage into all the rest of the Nations of the Earth, where they had no command, by their covetousness and luxury.  
4. For whenas the Grecian wits were made to serve the Roman power, a crafty and outrageous lewdness left nothing unattempted, which might corrupt the manners of men. Then were the wicked superstitions of the whole world gathered together, and practised; whole ages spent in the prodigal effusion of civil, and ackinded blood; a traitorous apprehension of Innocents; a violent robbing of guests and friends; prodigious lusts; new kinds of cruelty; and whatsoever was most wicked, the same was most in honour and price.  
5. The Family of Abraham, God's wisdom being in a manner consumed, with providing of so many sorts of remedies, and his bounty in suffering their sins, was in such a state, that a very few, but those the most chosen seeds of virtue, remained, which were to be dispersed into the rest of the world, & there taking root and fructifying, were to leave that unhappy people abandoned, and given up as desperate unto the power of darkness.  
6. Moreover, the fame of the coming of the Messiah had already, both by ancient and new Oracles, stirred up the expectation of the whole world. The land of jury, not only by the mouths of so many Prophets, by the Law and Ceremonies; but also by the Acts of the Patriarchs, and by the turns of their own commonwealth, did prophesy it. The sibyl's, and the Druids, and the answers forced from the devils, promised the same grace; and the whole compass of the world became such in civil Orders, understanding, and government, as might compel, in a fashion, the divine bounty to this sublime work.  
Conclude, how true a saying it is, that all is for the elect, and worketh for their good: God hath so ordained it, and it is thy fault if it be not so for thee. Adore God made man, praise the wisdom of the creator, acknowledge what he hath conferred by so great a bounty unto our stock, in Christ, and to us, if we be his followers.   
The end of the Meditations, of the Beginning and End of Man.   

Of Christian virtues.  

1. Meditation. Of Faith.  
COnsider, thatwhereas God is Truth itself, by his very own Essence, and not by any other thing, it is more impossible for him to be deceived, then for fire to be cold; and to deceive, then for fire to cool: whatsoever therefore is said by him, the same is more certain, and necessarily true, then that which is seen by sense, or demonstrated by the understanding.  
Conclude, when it is manifest that any thing is said by God, that it is foolish to doubt of it, or to suppose any reasons, though they seem never so evident, can have any truth in them, or to think them to be any other then deceitful.   

2. Meditation. Of the Church.  
1. COnsider, how absurd a thing it is for God to give a Law, or a Doctrine, and not to leave a means how those whom he would have to know and observe it, should come to it; but more especially whereas Christ our Lord taught i● with so much labour and grief.  
2. Again consider, that the testimony of the Catholic Church is more than human: For that so many Congregations of men, divided by such distance of places, and long succession of times, among so many changes of State, even to this day, should agree that these very Articles were delivered unto them by Christ and his Apostles, could not be brought to pass by any human force.  
3. In like manner, whereas in the same Church there was, and ever shall be, men flourishing in all Sciences and Arts; that this Doctrine notwithstanding, was never found contrary to any human Science, Art, or either profit or pleasure, it could not proceed from the wit or invention of man.  
4. That the same Doctrine, when as it contains so many Tenets, and they opposite to those disordinate affections by which men are enslaved, and of which a reason can no ways be given out of their proper principles, and yet grew up in no age by arms, or by force, and subdued men both wise and voluptuous; and that for so many ages it hath possessed so large a kingdom, exceeds the industry and force of man.  
5. Lastly, that in all Ages there should be continual miracles, (if there be any belief to be given to human History) and that these should be in this Church, and in her alone; it could only be the work of God.  
Conclude, when thou understandest that the Catholic Church doth testify, that she received some Article from God by a succession of doctors, to behave thyself in the same manner, as if thou didst hear the same from God thyself, and that thou canst not doubt, or admit any disputes concerning the same Article, without prejudice of the Divine Truth.   

3. Meditation. Of the Supremacy of the See of Rome.  
1. COnsider that, as in the natural body of any living creature, it is necessary one part should be constituted from whence life should be derived into the rest, and which being corrupted, the rest also presently do fail: So also we commonly see it practised in the moral body. And this is the King in his kingdom, the Senate in an Aristocracy, and the general in an Army. The very same hath Christ our Lord done in the Church, having set the Roman among the Churches, and the successor of Saint Peter among the Pastors; whom he confirmed with his own Prayer, and promise, that the rest might be strengthened by him.  
Conclude, that thou art not to expect that the whole Church should testify to thee that it hath received such a Truth from God, which thing is either impossible, or very hard; but if the Seat of Peter teacheth that it hath received any thing of Christ, delivered to her by his hands, do thou captive thy understanding, and doubt not at all, but that Jesus Christ spoke it: dispute nothing, nor doubt any thing; although thy fortunes, although thy body, and thy life were to be delivered up for it.   

4. Meditation. Of God's goodness.  
1. COnsider, that God is goodness itself, that is to say, a collection of all Goods which can be desired, or wherein we can possibly delight. For certain it is, that whatsoever is good cannot be estranged from goodness: as also, nothing that is not good can possibly be found in goodness itself.  
2. That he is an infinite one, since nothing that is not good can be in it, by which it might receive a bound or limitation. A greater good therefore, than which can be either loved, or desired by us as it deserves to be: And that the possession, and fruition of this God, is promised to us by himself; and unless we fail ourselves, shall be perfected by him.  
Conclude therefore, with what vehemency of affection, what love, what fervour, we ought to be transported towards him. How we ought to esteem nothing, in comparison of him. How we ought to think of nothing else, endeavour nothing else, but that we may arrive at this good: to pursue that with all our soul, with all our strength: and when we shall throughly perceive our own weakness, and that we desire it nothing in such manner as is fit, how ought we to languish, and to pine away in the pursuit of it?   

5. Meditation. Of Hope.  
1. COnsider, that since it is the part of goodness to make good, as it is of heat to warm, and that God is very goodness itself; it can in no wise fall out, but that he, wheresoever, and whensoever any good can be done, should will it, with a kind of necessity of his goodness; and by how much the greater the good is which is to be performed, with so much the greater inclination, and fervour, be carried unto it, and that by so much the more it should suffice to obtain it, only not to resist it. Wherefore so that thou covetest the chief good; do but desire it ardently, and make thyself capable of it by not interposing the obstacle of sin, and certainly thou shalt obtain what thou wishest for.  
Conclude, that thou wilt extend thyself with thy whole soul, as to a thing certain, and not to be doubted of; for a heart that fluctuates and wavers towards its good, is displeasing to God. Do not be terrified with any difficulty whatsoever, being certain, by how much greater the difficulty is, by so much the more shalt thou find God ready to assist thee, against whom nothing can resist: only love, and be confident; the rest remit unto him, who is as it were compelled with as great an inclination to do thee good, as he himself is his own goodness.   

6. Meditation. Of charity.  
1. COnsider, that we love them by compulsion of Nature, in whom we perceive those virtues, which either ourselves have, or which we do wish we had; and the greater those virtues are which reside in those whom we love, and by how much they are more engrafted in them, so much also is the love greater, and stronger which is procreated in us.  
2. See therefore how that whatsoever thou canst desire, the same is to be found in God, in all its kind more noble than in any creature. Dost thou desi knowledge? he is all wisdom. Fortitude? he is all power. Nobility? he is the Fountain and Origine of all being. Pleasure? he is his own; that is to say, the living and perfect fruition of all good. If you desire to know how all these are in him, they are all his very substance, and his substance is his very being, or to be: and as being itself cannot but be; so impossible is it, that God should be destitute of any one of these perfections.  
Conclude, with what hearty affection God is to be beloved, and blush at thyself, to see, how him whom once thou didst view behaving himself in a gallant manner; yea, one whom thou didst never see, but only heardest him praised, by one to whom thou gavest credit, or of whom thou hast read in History after his death; nay, and I may add also, even such a man whom thou certainly knowest never to have been at all, nor to have done any of those things which thou admirest, some fabulous person, which thou readest of in books, or beholdest only acted upon a Theatre; and yet thou so lovest him, as to afford him high affection, praising his deeds, fearing his dangers, rejoicing in his prosperity, and weeping at his misery. But that God, whom thou knowest to be such by reason, and a sure Faith, thou shouldest love so seldom, so coldly, with so great difficulty, and yet notwithstanding, applaud thyself as if thou hadst done well.   

7. Meditation. Of God's Love to Man.  
1. COnsider, that nothing is more natural, more reasonable, more due, then that he who loveth, should be beloved again: but to God's love, whether in affection or effect, that is to say, in the communication of himself, or his goods, there is not any thing comparable.  
2. For his affections, they are as great as himself, since whatsoever he applies himself to love, he embraceth it with all himself, and with all the whole necessity of his Essence. His love is also most free in the beginning of his affection, seeing we as then were nothing, nor could it any ways be thought wherein we could be profitable to him. And in fine, that very love in him, was the vigour, the operation, and the communication of those goods which we possess.  
3. Again, it was he who bestowed upon us all good, not one excepted. First of all, he made us his image and likeness: that as he is the very Fountain and universal state of all Being; so we by our understanding, should be a kind of storehouse, & Compendium of all Being too. As he, by his will and good pleasure, absolutely governs all things; so we also should use all external things for our own profit, the most holy Virgin his Mother not excepted; that the Elements, and their Inhabitants, the Heavens, and the holy Spirits that govern them, should serve us, and that nothing should hurt our souls, in which part we are amiable, but ourselves; and ourselves ought not, although the whole world, and whatsoever is in it should fall away to nothing.  
4. Last of all, he was in no wise sparing of himself; but as the Church sings with Saint Thomas, 
In birth, he made himself our dear.  
Eating, he gave himself for cheer.  
In death, himself our ransom is:  
And reigning he himself's our bliss.   
5. Add moreover, that he did not bestow all these things in common, being careless of thee, but he designed them for thee in person, pointing out thee by name. Thee he did know, better than thou dost thyself? Thee he loved; to thee he communicated the riches of his goodness; to thee he made himself servant.  
Conclude, that thy spirit ought to fall into an ecstasy as thou considerest these things, and that the marrow of thy soul, and thy very life should breathe itself forth into flames, and violent throbs of love towards him that loveth thee so much.   

8. Meditation. Of Love to our Neighbours.  
1. COnsider, thy neighbour to be of the same nature as thyself, bearing equally the image of God, alike capable of beatitude, and of all other goods, & of God equally beloved; who, howsoever good, or great, the things be which he possesseth, thou art nothing the poorer, but rather the richer, if he use them well; who in all likelihood the less of good he hath, will be so much the more hurtful to thee; who was also bestowed upon thee, that thou mightest do him good, and in him worship, and love God, and seeing thou canst not be profitable to him in himself, thou mightest in some manner as it were recompense his love, and bounty in a member of his; and by how much the more thou shalt be careful to profit him, by so much without all doubt thou shalt profit thyself.  
1. Conclude, how many, and how great the obligations are, which thou hast for to love thy neighbour; that thou dost boast in vain of love, if thou dost not love thy neighbour; how absurd a thing it is, to wish a mischief to him whom thou canst not hurt; and how far more absurd it is, to neglect and abuse the occasion of salvation, and good which is granted to thee; but extremely most absurd it is to hurt thyself, that thou mayest prejudice another.  
2. Desire therefore, that thy neighbour may have all that is good, and more heartily, the greater. If he useth some things amiss, yet do not envy him, but wish him more, that by accession of good, he may be thereby taught to use the other better. Above all things strive to render some of God's benefits to him, and by so doing, draw from him greater benefits towards thyself.   

9 Meditation. Of our duty towards our Parents.  
1. COnsider, that thy Parents were given unto thee, that by their means thou shouldest in the first place have all goods of nature, than the gifts of discipline, after this government, when thou wert now able to dispose of thyself, and last of all the goods of Fortune. Since therefore from them it is that thou hast all things that are good, see what thou canst repay them that be considerable.  
2. Weigh moreover how that thou art a certain particle of them, cut off naturally from them, and that thy obligation towards them is not grounded in the abstracted consideration of reason, neither can any wise perish, as having its foundation rooted in thy very substance. Thou art flesh of their flesh, and bone of their bones.  
3. Lastly, ponder how deservedly God promiseth long life to such as honour their parents, because they that are ingrateful to those of whom they have received life, do not deserve it: and that Christ our Lord did cast up, and deliver the whole account of his life to be, that he might perform the will of his Father.  
Conclude, when as thou art not able to render what is due, thou remainest always obliged to endeavour what thou art able. That neither any injury, nor ill will of thy Parents ought at any time to provoke thee either to negligence, or revenge. But if they are troublesome unto thee, endure it with patience, and thou shalt have a great reward: hold thyself ever ready to execute all good offices towards them.   

10. Meditation. The duties which we owe unto our country.  
1. COnsider, that the thing which is called thy country, is a collection of men, which beginning in thyself, by Parents, kindred, and alliance, is derived unto familiars, friends, neighbours, fellow-citizens, and to all such as are contained under the same political government. So that the good or bad of them, doth breed to thee, or thine, either thy profit or disprofit. See therefore, that what benefit soever thou hast received from thy Parents, those same, and more, thy country hath bestowed upon thee; and whatsoever obligation thou hast to thy parents, thy country maketh a greater claim to it. Thou art a part, thy country the whole. Thou art a subject, thy country superior.  
2. Add moreover that what proportion there is between an infinite and a finite, the same consideration is to be made of a thing in common, in relation to the particular. Therefore the good of the community is esteemed as a divine good, because it is accounted unlimited, both in time and number: but the consideration of thy country unto thee, is as much as of all mankind, since it is but by chance that thou hast communication with any others beside.  
3. Gather from hence, the piety, obedience, and reverence which it behooveth thee to bear towards thy country: if it be unjust towards thee, endure it; if it persevereth, forget it, and study nevertheless to render all good for evil: never seek revenge, but if it acteth wickedly, remember it doth not belong to thee to punish it: be not brought about under any pretence to endeavour any thing against it, but endure all with patience, knowing certainly, if it be ill with that, it cannot be well wit● thee: but chiefly confess thy utmo●● care that thou mayest be profitabl● unto it, remembering that Christ ou● Lord, although he came for the salvation of all mankind, yet he scarce ever passed the bounds of his own country, that is to say, the Nation of the Jews.   

11. Meditation. Of Obedience.  
1. COnsider, that whereas there is no other difference of a Law and the command of a superior, then that the Law proceedeth without passion, and upon serious advisement, but the superior with a more present efficacy, and less to be contemned; who ever is subject to them, and neglects either the one or other, he is guilty of the breach of the common welfare, for which purpose they were ordained; he contradicts himself, since for the most part, the power is approved by them that are to be ruled by it; he violates his own promise, in that he promised to observe them, when he became one subject to them he offereth violence to the justice of his superior, for if the superior hath the right of commanding, he is manifestly unjust who doth not obey him; and a greater injustice it is, than that whereby the right of a private man is infringed. He is obnoxious to God's judgements, because he hath not done as he commanded, by reason he hath contemned his vicegerent, because by an usurped privilege, wherewith he hath exempted himself de facto from man, he hath reserved and made himself obnoxious to God's immediate judgement.  
2. Lastly, he ought to give an account for every mischief arising out of his Act, whether it be by a relaxation of government, or by scandal given to others, or by offending superiors, or by those punishments, which of themselves, or by accident, are derived upon him. Nor doubt, but on the contrary side, as great as these miseries are, so great, nay, far greater are those goods which are reserved for those, that do observe the Laws and prescripts of their superiors.  
Conclude, to esteem no law, nor command of thy superior, as of light moment; but with thy whole heart, with a ready and cheerful will, embrace and observe even what shall seem hardest to thee.   

12. Meditation. Of Obedience to superiors.  
1. Consider, how it is from thy governors, and superiors, that thou dost possess thy own in peace, justice, and commodity proportionable to thy state; that thou canst provide, and be helpful to thyself, and (if such be thy condition) that being nothing solicitous of food, raiment, or other necessaries, thou attendest only to what shall be for thy souls and bodies increase and delight.  
2. Consider moreover, that thy governors are already perfect, no: having any need of thee, who also if they would live, and attend only to themselves, others would provide for them. That they be such, to whom thou canst bring no great good, nor profit, nor do any great mischief. In the mean time, they omitting the care of their own, are solicitous for thee; for thee they labour, it is thee that they esteem as one of their children, nor have any thing more in their intention, then to make thee better than themselves.  
3. Again, consider that they are wise men, of greater age, skill, and experience, and know more what belongs unto their charge then thou dost: and have many helps to find that out, which thou wantest. That the rewards of their labours which they expect in this world, are late, and light, nor comparable to their labours; and if they were great, since they proceed not from thee, they do no ways diminish thy debt. That the account which they are to give unto God, is heavy, since they must not only answer for themselves, but for thee also, and thy actions. That the punishments are severe which are threatened against those that do ill; and that in this life also, there is not a more perilous action, than the government of men.  
Conclude, to have a reverend and grateful mind always towards them, not to judge of their actions rashly, but to embrace, or at least patiently endure them, as proceeding for the most part out of their love towards thee. Lastly, to endeavour thyself, that thou mayest be such, that they shall have no cause to deal with thee, and govern thee o'th' wise then with love, and good will. If any thing that is sharp, or not so virtuous as should be, proceeds from them, to remember, that to suffer some discommodities, among many profits, is not considerable; That if they do otherwise then well, we must pardon them as men, but we must be indebted to them for whatsoever is well done, as to friends.   

13. Meditation. Of liberality and Gratitude.  
1. COnsider, that it is a greater happiness (as our Lord himself witnesseth) to give, then to receive: therefore it is the part of a noble mind, if it be compelled through the necessity of human condition to receive any thing of another, to be careful to restore it perfectly back again; but if he cannot, yet to acknowledge it ingenuously, and to publish it abroad.  
2. Gratitude also for a benefit received, doth entice and draw forth a second, if the benefactor bears a noble heart; but with him that is base, it satisfies, and stifles clamorous complaints.  
3. Again, there is not a reproach more odious, then that of a benefit received with ingratitude; from whence it proceeds, that according to the imperial constitution, a courtesy done might be revoked, if ingratitude were proved.  
4. Moreover, God among other causes by which goods are to be acquired, hath placed the prayers of the poor, that, as it were out of the nature of the thing, he would bless those, for whose prosperity the poor make supplication to him. Therefore he that receives a benefit with obligation, or hopes of prayers to be offered for the benefactor, is absolutely bound to pray for him; and if he doth it not, the mischiefs which shall happen to the benefactor will be imputed to him.  
Conclude, gifts are prudently to be asked, and accepted, to wit, when necessity compelleth thee; when they are received, they are to be acknowledged and commended; and if there be any thing wherein thou canst profit thy benefactor, it is to be done with diligence. This is the condition of benefits, that if thou hast done any, thou shouldest esteem them as little: but if thou hast received them, esteem them as great. Last of all, when you can return nothing else, endeavour in your prayers to God to obtain all good for those that have conferred any benefit upon you, do it fervently, and earnestly; and in the first place take care thy prayers may be such, as shall be to God acceptable.   

14. Meditation. Of Rash judgement.  
1. COnsider, how a judgement is called rash, when without sufficient ground thou condemnest another of a crime: which to do, first of all is unjust, as well because thou dost occasion a prejudicial conceit, and hurtest the fame of thy neighbour in thyself; as also, that by reason of such judgement, thou art ready to treat him as a guilty person, if occasion offered itself.  
2. It is also an act of imprudence, because it determines of a thing that is hid, without any sufficient argument; and a token of a corrupt affection concerning the same crime: for men who are innocent, esteem others as harmless also; but those that are guilty, think all men like themselves.  
3. It is also more often false, then true; for it is a thing manifest, that the seeds of virtue are so fixed in man's nature, that for the most part they cannot be rooted forth. Whence it was that when as Elaas thought himself alone, there were seven thousand besides. So in Ninive also, there were 100000. of innocent persons. Nay, for the most part all men, in a cause that importeth not their own interests, do embrace virtue.  
4. Lastly, whosoever it is that sins, he is the bondman of God, and it belongs not to us to judge of him, but unto God; and therefore when as we judge another man's slave, we make ourselves obnoxicus to God's judgements.  
Conclude, to suspend thy judgement in a matter that is uncertain, and to i● c●●e to think the best of every one. For every one is presumed to be good, until the contrary be manifest: although because thou knowest not whether he be good or bad, to expose thyself that he may do thee a mischief, be no part of wisdom; but for every thing else to be ready to do good, to hear, and to speak well of him.   

15. Meditation. Of Detraction.  
1. COnsider, that the Fame of Man, among all the goods of Fortune, if it be not better than the good of Fortune, is a thing most precious, and highly to be esteemed: And therefore that the injury of him who taketh it away, is more grievous than that of him who shall take away money.  
2. Besides the damage is in a manner irreparable, as well, because it is hard to a man for to contradict himself; as also, because the speech is scattered among those whom thou knowest not, canst not bring together again, nor will believe thee although thou eatest thy own saying.  
3. Moreover, that whether thou speak without any intention of hurting, it is a manifestation of a corrupt and wicked soul, to be delighted in the commemoration of another's sin; or that thou thinkest the fame of thy neighbour to be any obstacle to thee, it is the part of a base and narrow mind, to desire to grow up more by another man's fault, then by thy own virtues.  
4. Add to these, how many persons thou drawest along with thee, to be companions in the mischief: because men for the most part do willingly discourse of other men's faults, and scatter them abroad among themselves.  
5. Nor think thyself excusable, if thou detract from any without any passion, or sign of passion, but as it were out of commiseration; for the malice is so much the more grievous, and it behooved thee to have taken so much the more heed, in as much as thou wert less subject to passion.  
Conclude, to keep a door of circumstance before thy lips, and to speak nothing of another without mature deliberation; since that every word draws after it a long train of sins. Hate therefore all detraction, and be not delighted with the commiseration of detractors, which is to no avail.   

16. Meditation. Of Slanderers.  
1 COnsider, peace, and friendship to be certain public goods, because the nature of them is to extend not to one alone, but to many. Add, that there is no fruit more pleasant in man's life, then that of friendship, and that without peace, man injoves nothing of his own in quiet, nor doth any thing of that which he possesseth yield him profit.  
2. Again, consider, that discord arising out of light beginnings, increaseth without measure: for when as once an ill impression is made upon one or both parties, all the others actions, though done with a good intention, are taken in the worse part, and are themselves corrupted. To this may be added, that he who soweth discord createth mischief for himself, and his friends, who had a good opinion of him; for had they not been his friends they would not have afforded any credit to him concerning that other who should have been a friend.  
Conclude, how deservedly a detracting whisperer, and his charming noise is detestable to God and man, being an enemy of the divine Grace, and Nature itself. Stop thy ears to those who speak ill of any one, but chiefly of thy friends. Specially if thou hast any thing against thy friend, carefully seek the means, that without offence thou mayest reveal it to him; and thereby know what he is able to say in defence of himself: and if thou findest any calumny imposed upon him, ever afterwards beware of him, who wittingly and willingly created it. Shun both him and his discourses, give no ear unto him, because thou mayest be certain most heinous mischiefs by his means do hang over thee.    

Of virtues in relation to one's self.  

17. Meditation. Of good Works.  
1. COnsider, as it is the nature of heat to warm, so is it or good to do good; wherefore by how much the more any one partakes of it, so much the more ardently is it necessary he should be moved to act accordingly.  
2. Again, consider, that profit is not to be looked after in doing good: for if a brute beast perfects his actions agreeable to his nature, and that the soul itself doth perform the delightful operations of the senses, without any further end; how unworthy a thing is it, that the same should not have a will to follow those operations which are proper to herself, without regard of profit?  
3. Add, that by how much a reasonable soul is more noble than that of beasts, by how much more efficacious, by how much more universal; by so much her appetite and delight ought to be more vehement in goods that are connatural to herself, then in those that appertain to sense.  
4. Besides, the life of him is most sweet, and exceeding pleasant: not alone for the goodness itself of virtue; but also in that it maketh the praises, and congratulations of those that receive the benefit to be perpetual, that their aspects and countenances are sweet, and cheerful, their vows, of happiness; the encountering of men is on every side gracious; no sadness, nor repentance for any thing committed: besides other infinite pleasures.  
5. At last, it is the most ready way to honour, power, and wealth: because all desire he should be exalted, from whom they expect both justice, and goodness; every man willingly treats and deals with him; every man embraceth him heartily and freely, as faithful in all occasions; every man in his affairs puts confidence in him.  
Conclude, that thy perpetual study ought to be to do good to thy neighbour, especially to such as are in necessity: and blush to think how a Prince believed he had lost that day, wherein he had not bestowed some Act of Grace; whereas thou art still seeking out of thy bounty some advance of profit for thyself, neither art moved with the example of God himself.   

18. Meditation. Of Government.  
1. COnsider, how Offices were ordained by the institution both of God and Man for the common good, and therefore a greater Charity is required of those that are to be advanced to Offices, then of other private men; Christ our Lord signifying this, when he said to Peter, Dost thou love me more than these?  
2. Again, consider, it is a work more than human to govern men; whereupon Princes are instiled with the Title of Gods. Moreover, since it is the property of wisdom to dispose in order, to arrange and keep in order wise men, is an affair of the highest, and mastering wisdom, and a work approaching to God. And therefore ample honours and rewards in the sight of God and men, are due, and to be given unto those that are placed in government, to every one in his order.  
3. Again, they are obliged, who are set in Office, to give an account for all that evil, which through their negligence, shall chance to those who are under their government and charge, their labours are to be more heavy, and more continual, than other men's whatsoever. So that when there is any need, they ought with their examples to tread out the path, where in their subjects should follow, in whatsoever laborious, or contemptible exercise. Their faults also in themselves are more grievous, and more exposed to view, nor can they by any mean sly hid.  
4. Besides these, the fault which in them appears but as light, draws after it a chain of many and mighty mischiefs. And lastly, the punishment, and dishonour of those, who carry themselves negligently, are intolerable, and of all most horrible.  
Conclude, that an Office is a thing worthy, and to be wished for, but not to be demanded; since thou knowest not how thou shalt manage thyself in it. Nor yet is it to be refused, when God, according to the judgement of those whom it concerneth, shall impose it upon thee; because it is a great good; nor mayest thou doubt of God's assistance, nor refuse it without sin, when he shall be pleased to call thee up to it. If thou art set in Office, tremble to think with what love and care thou must labour for thyself, and others, and what miseries pursue sloth. Stir thyself therefore up, and go on, and never rest secure.   

19 Meditation. Of scandal.  
1. COnsider, that it is necessary for them who profess a special charge and love of souls, not only to abstain from those things which are evil, but from those also which carry any show of it; for he that doth any such thing, with desire of a temporal commodity, induceth his neighbour who is not sufficiently able to judge, to imitate what is bad, or blasph me his good.  
2. In the first place therefore, he woundeth his soul, diminisheth God's honour, diverts men from his service, defileth his own reputation, and that of others, who are of like profession, he hinders the profit that should proceed from their ministry; and all these are cast behind, for the pursuance of some base gain, or despicable pleasure.  
3. Add, that the thing which he doth, for the most part is not without sin: for whereas human actions ought to be estimated not according to the principles of metaphysics▪ but by the moral judgement of a prudent man; not every thing which to a subtle discourse, but which is congruous to human conversation, is approved just and right.  
4. Besides the damage for the most part of our neighbour, and a disturbance of the commonweal, which happen out of the bordering vice, do also ordinarily proceed from such like actions. Wherefore the end for which sin is prohibited is found in them, and therefore it is hard to find how they should be innocent, and free from all vice.  
Conclude, that thou must live plainly and uprightly, and that thou wilt avoid not only such things as of themselves are nought, but also those which carry a face of badness; and that thou wilt no less beware of those things which are generally esteemed wicked, then of those which are truly so indeed.   

20. Meditation. Of Rashness.  
1. COnsider him who desireth any thing, how he is troubled, and in affliction, until he enjoyeth what he desireth: besides, he is disquieted, full of cares, and burden some to himself, and others, whiles he is finding out the means how to compass what his unbridled concupiscence proposeth unto him; and for the most part to be ignorant, and to overvalue the thing that he desireth; and when he hath it, to esteem it nothing, as taught by experience, that there was nothing to be desired in it: but in the interim he is tormented with a large measure of solicitude, labour and pain. But the greatest folly is, that heplaceth his affection in that, which resteth in the power of another man, unto which either he can by no means come, or otherwise it must be obtained with loss and painful displeasures.  
2. Lastly, when as the peace of man's life consisteth in the enjoyment of all that which he desireth, but this can only chance two manner of ways; either by being secure to obtain whatsoever thou desirest, or by desiring nothing, nor other way than is in thy power to obtain; since the first way is impossible, and the other tract is in thy own power, it is manifest, the total felicity of human life is constituted in a moderate appetite.  
Conclude, to watch carefully over thy soul by inclining thy affections to the best, and withdrawing them from opinionative impressions and motions, knowing that good and evil is placed in thyself, and whether thou shalt live a happy or a miserable life.   

21. Meditation. Of martyrdom.  
1. COnsider, how that among all things that are terrible, the most terrible thing is Death, and unto which the other miseries of our life are only steps. What great fortitude therefore is it, to make a change of life which is most pleasant, into death to be suffered by torments? and this not in the fury of war, nor the transporting ardour of a passion, nor through inevitable necessity; but with a quy: mind, with a constant deliberation, life being offered, all those that are nearest persuading to the preservation of it, when it would be an honour, and profitable to retain it, and that it would be thought wisely done.  
2. How great a gain is that act of Faith, whenas all thy senses denounce infallibly, that they, and all those things which they delight in, are come now to their period; that country, Parents, Friends, Honours, Pleasures, Wealth, Power, and whatsoever else, to which thou hast been accustomed, shall from henceforth bestead thee nothing; and again, of what is to come they cannot speak, or promise any thing: yet relying upon the promise of such things as appear not at all, to be nothing afraid to forsake, and cut off those things where with thou art acquainted, together all, in one moment?  
3. What great charity is it, in the twinkling of an eye, to cast away all these dear and cordial delights, whereof thou art or couldst be possessed, and all thy hopes of the same, and thyself especially, for whom all the rest of those amiable things are ordained, and from whence they do assume the reason of being amiable, for the love of him whom thou hast never seen, nor heard of by any, that could say they saw him?  
4. Lastly, how high an act, and of how great Religion is it, to offer up thyself, and all that is thine in one holocaust to God, for a testimony to Kings, that he is God, whose commandments are to be observed, the commands of men being contemned when ever they are contrary to them? What a heap also of high honour is yielded up unto God, and what kind of conceit will Nations frame of him, when they shall perceive his servants to hasten to all the greatest miseries in the world, rather than transgress the least of his commandments?  
Conclude, with what honour they are to be reverenced, with what admiration they are to be worshipped, that do these things: and with what fervour thou art to labour that thou mayest be found worthy of so great an honour.   

22. Meditation. Of Perseverance.  
1. COnsider, that the misery which perseverance endureth cannot be grievous, for what is grievous is short: how shameful is it therefore, and reproachful, to be overcome only as it were by continuance of time, and importunity of matters of little moment?  
2. Besides that, the inconstant man condemneth himself, either for that he inconsiderately did begin, or that he now without just cause doth leave off: both of them the part of an unwise man, and who is not master of his own actions. More over, he is scorned by all men, nor hath any one any good esteem of the event of what he undertaketh.  
3. Add to these, that for the most part he loseth the reward of the labours which he hath past, which were greater than th●se to come, because the greatest difficulty is in the beginning; as also great hopes, and near at hand, for light ensuing difficulties.  
4. Again consider, that nature herself, and whatsoever doth well, acteth better by perseverance then force; and that those things more throughly penetrate the soul, or any other external matter, which are imprinted sweetly, and by custom, than those that are applied by a sudden change: for that always which is violent is corruptive, and contrary to nature.  
5. Lastly, weigh, how that all and every opposition against which perseverance resisteth, are but light, nor can come upon thee but one at one time; from whence it proceeds, that unless thy mind be troublesome in the thoughts, and remembrance, in the things themselves there is nothing that deserveth either flight or fear.  
Conclude, not to change that good which thou hast timely undertaken; for not the beginnings, but the end of the Action is crowned. Not to fear difficulties, before they set upon thee, and thou shalt find them much lighter: for they terrify more in the amusement of our fancies, than when they are present. Cast thy thought upon our Lord, and fearing nothing, proceed with constancy and alacrity. Go on, and do something daily, and take care only for that which this day is to be done, and taken care for.   

23. Meditation. Of the Observation of Order and Discipline.  
1. COnsider, that those things which are constituted of number, whatsoever it be, and whether it be found to proceed from God, or men, the form and essence of them all is order. From whence it comes to pass, that he that toucheth but one link of order, shaketh the whole chain of the body. Now the order of a Community is the observance of the Rules and Ordinances.  
2. Again, other goods, as those of virtue, Science, and the rest, are in themselves but particular goods, and of their own nature to be effected in singular persons, and but by accident in more; only Order of itself is the good of the whole Community. Besides, whatsoever is in the Community, it, either altogether, or as far at least as it is common, proceedeth from order, or by means of that it is perfected.  
3. Add to these, how a little error increaseth in any good by reason of the Community. Dost thou lose one quarter of an hour? in a Community it is so many hours, as there are four Persons numbered in it. Dost thou take away one dish of a halfpenny? it increaseth suddenly unto pounds. What should I but add, how a Community is for the most part neither of a certain number, nor a limited time? Into what an infinite mischief therefore doth a little, and an error in the beginning as it were contemptible, spring forth on a sudden, if the least liberty or oppression be brought in?  
4. Then weigh, if any one either by example, or other occasion doth hurt to a Community, of how great a discommodity is he bound to the restitution, when as out of justice, the superior is obliged to command order to be kept, and the inferior is bound to observe it: for Order of itself is the proper object of public justice, and who concurreth to the fact, is obliged to the whole damage.  
Conclude, if thou art a superior, to take care that Order be observed with all rigour; and if thou art inferior, to be watchful, as far as it lies upon thy part, that discipline be not neglected: if a mitigation be at any time to be made, to use it so, that it pass not either for an example, or scandal to discipline, and but rarely to think the same necessary, and to admit it with great wariness, and to put more confidence in the judgement of thy superior, then in thy own, and at all times to fear thy own inconstancy.   

24. Meditation. Of Courage and constancy.  
1. COnsider, that the rewards of the life to come are such, that they cannot be compared either with the joys or miseries of this life; for they do exceed, as an infinite exceeds a finite, as intellectual things do sensual, as spiritual do corporeal, and as eternal are preferred before momentary. Add moreover, that the present labours are seasoned with many comforts, with the peace and joy of a good conscience, with the success itself, with the glory of a great fortitude, with comforts sent down from God, with the favour of men, and their ready assistance, and the confusion of our adversaries.  
2. Again, if thou reflect thy eyes upon the life of the rest of men, how much more intolerable labours shall you see undertaken for lighter rewards? Look but upon soldiers, sailors, such as labour in the Mines, or the life of Slaves, how it is passed over without ease, or comfort of body, or of soul, or the hope of vainglory, or a little coin.  
3. Yea also, contemplate those miseries which are to be endured, if thou seekest to avoid the labours of virtue: What passions, brawls, envy, ill will, detractions, dangers: so that thou shalt be troublesome, and burdensome to thyself. But what follows the period of this short life, who is able to express?  
Conclude, to harden thy face to the undertaking of labours, seeing how foolish a thing it is for the fear of a little pains, or present difficulty, to engulf thyself into these unspeakable & intolerable miseries. Know that labour is natural, and will be made delightful by custom. Shake off therefore thy drowsiness, and remember thyself to be a man, a comparer of what is past with what is to come; neither doubt of the victory, if you dare but undertake the battle.   

25. Meditation. Of Passionate Desires.  
1. COnsider, that it is settled in us by nature, to will and desire to do all things according to reason; so that not the least child can endure it to be said that he acts in passion; but by how much a man is more pressed with passion, by so much the less will he suffer himself to be persuaded that he is so. But when we perceive another man doing any thing in passion, we slight him, and laugh him to scorn.  
2. Moreover, passions do drive us contrary ways, and lead us along in an uncertain, and giddy course of life, and precipitate us headlong into vast mischiefs, through inconsideration of circumstances, and the effects which it brings along with it. Of itself it is painful, in effects it is worse. Passion discovered makes its master obnoxious and easy to be played upon by the man that is wise, who having searched out his humours by the proposition of those objects which in passion he coveteth, or hateth, drives him along, how, and which way he pleaseth. Lastly, Passion is no other thing than a portion of folly.  
3. Add the mischiefs of the sin into which it drives us, the loss of spiritual goods, and the falling into the punishments which are known by revelation.  
Conclude, with all thy strength, and thy whole endeavour, to watch, that thou mayest understand unto what passions and desires thou art subject; that thou mayest reprove and repress at the first their force and motions; that incessantly thou mayest fear, and search all thy works with lanterns, before thou dost them, and whiles thou art doing them: being sure, that so far as thou shalt profit in this exercise, so far thou mayest be secure of thy actions, and of a life without blame.   

26. Meditation. Of humble submission to the Divine Providence.  
1. COnsider, that whereas God is good, and constituted the Universe of good things, it is consequent that all things good are knit together, and do mutually usher in one the other, and have their causes certain, and rightly ordered. But evils do fall in, as it were by accident, without any determinate causes, and without order. Therefore is it necessary, that to whatsoever good, although temporal, as honours, power, riches, pleasure, the passage must be more efficacious, and secure by virtue, then by Vices; but unto evil, the tract is full of thorns, and there is no constant method: neither to temporal goods, can any highway be made by doing ill.  
2. Add, whereas those things are only properly our deeds, which one designs to do by knowledge, foresight, and resolution; and that the meanest action of a man cannot be totally ordered by him, because no man hath any perfect knowledge in every circumstance concurring to the action, as it is manifest to him that considers it: we must therefore depend upon God in all, and every act, and circumstance. And therefore how foolish is it to think to govern kingdoms, and to bring unto perfection great affairs, without the Patronage of God, or contrary to his pleasure?  
Conclude, not to be confident of any action, before thou dost see it finished, and brought to perfection; because there are many things in it whereof thou never did it consider: nor yet to glory in it when it is done; for all that which is thy share in it had never brought it to perfection. Neither must thou presume of any virtue whatsoever, or grow insolent over others, because those are not sufficient to do the work which are the end of them: from whence it comes to pass, that we perceive the actions of the weakest counsel reach oftentimes, and attain the conclusion, when those, that are most cunningly proposed, do fail of the purpose. Nor must we run astray, to obtain any effect by sin; nor believe that any mischief can be achieved by force of wit. Neither must thou be exceedingly solicitous of such things as are far off, nor hinder another man's good, although a far off thou conceivest he may be prejudicial unto thee.   

27. Meditation. Of Prayer.  
1. COnsider, that whereas the soul hath two movers, the sense and the understanding; whereof the sense is ever open, and moved by her objects, and by frequent strokes draws the understanding to he opinions, and the will to her affections: it is clear, that except the understanding draws away herself by Meditation to the contrary verities, and the will by prayer to pious and right affections, from sensitive impressions; it cannot be avoided, but that becoming carnal, and worldly, we should be quite estranged from the true goods of the soul.  
2. Again, seeing God, through the necessity of his goodness, affects nothing more than to communicate his gifts, and we are not otherwise capable of them, but by our understanding, and will, rightly disposed; which is done by Meditation and Prayer; and that by them we are capable of all good whatsoever: know certainly that there is nothing in God's Treasure, which by force of Prayer may not be drawn forth and applied to thee.  
3. Lastly, since Meditation and Prayer is nothing else but an illumination of the understanding concerning the most eminent and clear verities and most of all necessary; and a fitting of the will to the greatest goods, most of all to be desired, and exceeding natural; it followeth, that nothing can be found more sweet, nothing more delightful, nor any thing to which thou mayest more con andy adhere then to these two.  
Conclude, the exercise of Prayer ought to be daily, most diligent, most necessary; to be esteemed, and practised as a thing more excellent than any other business. But that thou oughtest to esteem for Prayer, all that which hath the fruit of Prayer, to wit, the ascertaining of the understanding, and the preparation of the will in things concerning thy salvation.   

28. Meditation. Of humility, and Reverence to God.  
1. COnsider, how thy soul by the benefit of Sciences, gathers into herself the wholestock of being, by infinite chains of an infinite number of consequences: and how those things which are contrary in themselves, are not only in the soul together, but also agreeing, so that one thing cannot be separated from another.  
2. Weigh therefore, if that there should meet together in a centre, into one entity, not by collection of parts, but simplicity of substance, all that, not only of this Universe, whereof so little is comprehended by us, but whatsoever possibility, and fruitfulness of being is poured forth, through spaces not to be imagined by us, of Eternity, Immensity, and sublimity, by an indissoluble verity of essences, so that also every one should remain singular, and indivisible notwithstanding, in the simplicity of the highest formality; weigh, I say if thou canst, of what sort, hownoble, and high, that being should be, how by an original necessity of being, it is the principle and fountain of all, how it is a superabundant stock of fullness of good, & for the enjoying whereof all things subsist. And when thou canst ascend no further, call him God.  
3. Add, that he is the All of all things, that thou and thine proceed from him, are sustained by him, and preserved from falling into nothing.  
Conclude, with what amazement, with what terror thou oughtest to be taken and strucken with the view of his greatness, and the lightning of his glory: with what profound humility, abjection, and plunging of thyself into the abyss of thy own nothing, it behooveth thee to present thyself before his divine eyes: thou, an invisible atom drept from his works, who themselves, as great as they are, seem infinitely less than nothing, being compared to their creator.  
2. How much is it fit thou shouldst not endure that any thing should be compared with him, or be vouchsased any honour at all when he is mentioned? And with what immense gratitude art thou bound to restore, and offer up thyself, and thine, which were originally his, and belonging to his service more justly, than any slave to his lord, or he that hath received a benefit, to his benefact our? And value in the first place, that he vouchsafeth to receive thyself of thyself.   

29. Meditation. Of heedful Attention to God's Inspirations.  
1. COnsider, that whereas God acteth all things which he doth by his knowledge, and his will; and that every thing, with all its parts and powers, was made by him: it is consequent, that he knows them all, and perfectly comprehendeth the effects of them in themselves.  
2. Lastly, whatsoever is done through the whole Universe, he hath, as it were, the History of it written in the Tables of his own Eternity, that not the least dust can be divided, not one sand grow together, not a drop of water, not a leaf of a tree can fall without his will and knowledge: whatsoever he willeth is most efficaciously performed, and wheresoever he ●●●lleth, there most infallibly it faileth.  
1. Conclude, not to be scandalised, or sad, for whatsoever shall come to pass, besides thy own sins; being certain, that since it proceeds according to the counsel of him that is all wisdom, tempered with perfect goodness, it cannot, all things considered, but be best of all, that it should so come to pass.  
2. Again, never go about a long time before to consult and be solicitous concerning thy future life and actions: since every plot of thine is uncertain, and doubtful, whether it will be for good or bad, since thou dost not throughly foresee even what is before thy eyes.  
3. Attend to God alone, that thou Mayst do thy duty in whatsoever he commands or counsels thee: but think that he commands that, which now not to be done is wicked; & to counsel that, which according to thy present knowledge, and power, seems to thee fit to be done, without any passion, or corrupt affection. Neither be thou afterwards solicitous, whether it succeeds or not, being secure, that wisely, according to thy Conscience, thou didst undertake it, and as it was sitting for thee: but always stand vigilant, and full of regard in the sight of him that doth see thee, and thine; whether outwardly by any opportunity, or inwardly by any inspiration he offer thee any thing, that thou mayest not omit it; and more especially, that thou mayest not attempt that thing which might displease him.   

30. Meditation. Of the Reverence due to Saints.  
1. COnsider, that those blessed Spirits which in joy God, are the friends of God, seeing his face, and talking with him, as one friend is wont to discourse with another, knowing all the reasons of his Providence, partakers of all the secrets of the wisdom of God, as to whom he hath revealed all that he hath heard from his Father.  
2. Again, consider that they are the most perfect and noble among creatures; the treasures of wisdom and science; having the fullness of Sanctity, and goodness naturally, in a manner, rooted within them; elevated above their nature, and the excellency of any possible creature; they are deiformd, full of God himself, and unchangeable by an unspeakable participation of his Eternity.  
3. Moreover, they are established in grace, and as it were in like power, by God: for as he would communicate to us the goods and benefits of Nature by natural causes, for the manifestation of his bounty; so he made choice of these, to communicate and bestow moral goods at their intercession. So much more mighty than upon the earth, by how much more they do superabound in Charity.  
4. Consider them lastly to be such, as have endured a hard combat before they attained Glory: those that have remained in temptations with Christ, for whom the vast compass of the World was made, and ages have run their race.  
Conclude, they are to be honoured according to the state of their eminency, and dignity: that they are to be reverenced, and prayed unto, according to the power and grace which they have with God: that they are to be imitated in their virtue, and abiding of battles, for which they were given to be examples to thee. If thou inquirest how much; more then wise men, more than those that are powerful, or princes, more than thou canst do, or invent; because their dignity is more than that thou canst sufficiently admire.   

31. Meditation. Of Devotion to our B. Lady.  
1. COnsider, that the blessed Virgin was so far a cause, that God should be Man, as our Mothers are that we should be living, and mortal: And that Jesus did owe unto his Mother, as he was Man, as much in proportion for that benefit, as we do to ours, in that we have a being from them. O wonderful and inexplicable greatness!  
2. Again, it was granted to her by God, that out of her purest blood, she should give matter, and nourishment unto Christ; that she should take care of him in his infancy. Nay, moreover, she received power over him, as well for correction, as direction: for this is a mother's power, and she was truly a mother.  
3. Add that, although a mother after her son is come to the age of freedom, and emancipation, ceaseth to be greater than her son by right, and in princes is absolutely subject: notwithstanding, the authority, and reverence, and power, which she hath by grace, and good will, in a good child remains nothing less than it was formerly, as long as she behaves herself wisely.  
4. Out of which Considerations behold, as fervently as thou canst, the unspeakable dignity, and power of the mother of God. And add, whereas God distributeth his gifts according to the quality of those that receive them, and that the quality of his mother was without comparison, or measure; he must have poured upon her the fullness of dignity, power, grace, and eminency, not in a higher degree of the same nature, but in a manner more noble, and large, by the whole kind and nature of it.  
Conclude, that thy reverence and devotion, though it ought to be in a more high degree unto the rest of the Saints, then towards any other creatures in what power soever they are seated; yet must it be notwithstanding particular: whenas to the most blessed Virgin, there is due a devotion perpetual, universal, continual, in such manner inferior to the worship of God, as that it must not yet be separated, but as it were concomitant, or accompanying it, and in a sort less in the essence alone, in the circumstances almost equal, as due to her, who by grace and favour reigneth with him.   

32. Meditation. Of the daily Sacrifice of the Catholic Church.  
1. COnsider, that whereas a sacrifice is the consumption of some creature, without our own profit, for a testimony that we acknowledge God to be the fountain of all being, and from whom are both ourselves, and all that is ours; that he is the end, for whom all things are, and to whom we direct ourselves, and what is ours; that he is Lord of life, and death, of bodies, and of souls, and according to whose will, all things are, or are not: it therefore ought only to be offered unto God, and by consequence is the principal act of religion and sanctity, which we can possibly set forth.  
2. Add moreover, that it is a gift, by the oblation whereof our prayers are rendered more acceptable unto God, and more efficacious; whether it be, that our soul is more lifted up when we bestow any thing, or that it requireth a proportion of human prayer.  
3. But the Christian sacrifice is the most noble, the life of the man God being the offering, in comparison of which, the whole world is nothing, full of infinite mysteries, and beyond understanding: as that the host sacrificed should not remain dead; that a quantitative body, whole, with its figure, should exsist in every particle of an alien quantity; that a substance should be presented under other likenesses, and that they should subsist in it after a manner impossible to be uttered.  
4. To conclude, this sacrifice is not of the Priests alone, but of every one in the Catholic Church, who, except they be careless, may offer it up by the hands of the Priest, for themselves and theirs, as much as he himself can do it, yea, although he should be unwilling to it.  
Conclude, what a rashness, negligence, slothfulness, nay, and infidelity it is, to be present at an act the only most religious, and most holy, the most mysterious, and the greatest of all others, lastly, wherein in a manner the whole substance of advantage in a Christian life doth consist, without attention, or affection; either for custom, or by command; and in the mean time to have the mind absent, and wandering in other thoughts.   

33. Meditation. The frailty of the Body.  
1. COnsider thy body, how it consists of an element which is heavy, burdensome, and unprofitable, depressing thy soul, and hindering thy actions, abounding with numberless excrements, which are not only troublesome, but also filthy, and to be cast out of sight.  
2. As many members as thou hast, so many are the seats of several diseases, occasions of thy sufferings, and springs of thy griefs. Read but the books of physicians, and it will prove a miracle in a manner, that in so great a multitude, and such an easy access of sufferings, any one should be possibly free. Moreover, how great is the grief and torment of them, how tedious are they to thyself, and to such as live with thee, we can hardly attain to speak it, no nor to think it.  
3. Again consider, what a needy creature thou art: look upon thy garments, how many trades have there been employed in making them up? from how many creatures, herbs, elements, and countries have they been fetched? are those any thing fewer that are gathered together for thy food? Then for medicines? as also for the building, and furniture of thy house? If any part of the world were wanting, thou wouldst be destitute of some of these: so that the whole world is necessary, and conspires together for the relief of thy person.  
4. Moreover, the virtues of the body, how little praise deserve they? Beauty serves but for other men's eyes, thou receivest no fruit thereof. Besides, of what great frailty is it? obnoxious to age, diseases, casualties; nothing more of substance, than a shadow, or a died light, that in what it resides it would be a labour to find out.  
5. The strength of a beast, unto thee, whose honour it is with wit to subdue the strongest things, will turn neither to virtue nor to profit, since thou must give place to the vigorous force of a little engine or vice, to an horse, ox, or the like creature. As for nimbleness, it is but a toy, and a commendation of vagabonds, who expose their bodies to sale for other men's pleasure: and for what else serveth it for the most part, more than to make thyself servile, and a game for others to look upon, being compared to a Monkey, or some little bird?  
Conclude, it is unworthy a man to glory in the body, or esteem it of any value.   

34. Meditation. Of the miseries of the Soul.  
1. COnsider, how thy soul may be rather said to be admitted to the sight, than the participation of what is good unto her: how miserable & unhappy is she how subject to all the maladies of the body? If the body grieves, if it rejoiceth, if it be hot, or cold, if it suffers any the least discommodity; the soul doth not only suffer with it, but is also tedious to herself, and struggleth along, being entangled, and unprofitable in the performance of her own actions.  
2. Moreover, with how many passions is she vexed, and in a manner rent into pieces, when as the itching desire of pleasure allures one way, the swelling ambition of honour enticeth the contrary, the hope of gaining wealth persuades another, envy a fourth? Thus passion oppresseth her, when through rashness she thinks not of it, and afflicteth her also, when she doth think of it, and hurries her away from the very thought. Hence it is that she feigneth matters most easy, to be impossible, and things impossible, to be most easy, and carrieth and scattereth miserable man among precipices, and rocky passages.  
3. But that which is the accomplishment of misery is this, that the whole universe of creatures sufficeth not to exalt her to the beatitude she is born to: and when as all other things enjoy for the most part their end, & not any considerable part are deprived of it; the greatest part of man alone is entangled and wrapped up in miserable punishments, and torments, which cannot be comprehended by thought, and a few of the remainders only are saved: whereas notwithstanding, beyond the contributed service of all the bulk of corporeal creatures, and the celestial Hierarchy; God employed himself for almost four and thirty years together, and by a death most cruel, by Sacraments of a stupendious efficacy, and in the chief place, by an eternal presence of himself in the chief of them, made himself the minister and instrument to help and bring him to salvation.  
4. Now as for the excellencies of the soul, what are they? For science, thou hast none; or so little, that by how much the more thou knowest, so much the more is thy grief, by knowing better the multitude of those things whereof thou art ignorant, which are infinite in respect of those whereunto thy knowledge is arrived; nor is there any one work of God, no not the least dusty atom, whereof thou canst attain to a perfect knowledge.  
5. As for thy virtue, thou canst never be secure; in every moment thou art ready to be proud of it, and lose it: and for the snares of the Devil, they are infinite, and past finding out by means of which they would snatch it from thee every moment, but only that God restrains him beyond thy strength.  
Conclude therefore, not to wax insolent, but to bewail thy misery; since it is truly such, as thou canst never acknowledge, or bewail it sufficiently enough.   

35. Meditation. Of the knowledge of one's self.  
1. COnsider, how unworthy a thing it is, when of thyself thou art worth nothing, therefore to value thyself because thou thinkest another hath less. And then, wherein is it that thou excellest another? In beauty? Thou canst not enjoy that which thou canst not behold. In strength or nimbleness? It is the commendation of beasts. And how frail also are these things, which chance, or a disease will take from thee? neither canst thou be sure of it to morrow: which being also another's gift, is not to be attributed to thy praise, but to his that bestowed it.  
2. But they are the dowries of the mind wherein thou art excellent: thou art a Philosopher, a Divine, thou teachest great matters. I pray God thou dost, and not cracking things uncertain for certain, being deceived thyself, deceivest thy Scholars, acting the part of a blind guide to such as are blind already.  
3. Art thou skilful in affairs of Commonweals? 'Tis a business very dangerous, changeable every hour, never constant, and whereof there can be no certainty. Lastly, art thou profitable to many, being excellent in any art? Weigh, how the name of profit is a name of servitude throughout all things, and therefore art thou less than those to whom thou art profitable.  
4. Observe therefore, that naturally thou dost estimate all things that are thine at too high a value, and dost depress what belongs unto others too low, and that others proceed in the contrary; and thy worth is to be apprised, by how much others value thee.  
5. Add, that there can be no utility without use; and how many, and how necessary are those things for thee, which do not depend upon thee, that thy utility may be useful.  
6. Again, whatsoever thou considerest not, it is not thyself, but God, and nature which work and effect it by thy means. See then, that thou canst not consider the least part, and in a manner nothing of the things that are to be done. The most part thou dost by habit, that is, naturally; in what thing therefore is it that thou preferrest thyself before others?  
Conclude, to value thyself as thou art of thyself, and not to mingle thyself with the condition and judgement of others.   

36. Meditation. Of covetousness.  
1. COnsider, that abundance of the goods of fortune is sought for to supply the neediness of nature; but it happens contrarily, that he that hath more, is more needy: for the poor man seeks only to beg a penny, the rich man looks after a pound, a Prince after millions. Wherefore there is nothing that satisfies the appetite, except a man sets a measure to himself, which in the beginning he may excellently do. In the mean time man runs on his course, and loseth this present life in affliction, and labour, that after some years he may live happily; which years he knows not whether he shall live to see them: and if they do come, yet are they shorter than those that are passed, and in which he cannot enjoy himself, and he hath lost more by his folly.  
2. And after riches are obtained, a greater care is necessary for the conservation of them: for thou hast more servants, for whose actions thou art a surety before God, and men. In the mean time they with their whole endeavours study to spend wastefully thy goods, as much as lies in their reach, or as much as thou dost not carefully keep from them: so that the care of keeping them is greater than the labour to attain them. And after this, where is the fruit, when as thou hast nothing but thy food, and raiment, others eat up the rest, thy eyes looking on, and seeing how they devour thy wealth, who will be most ingrateful towards thee?  
3. But let it be granted, they are good upon whom thou bestowest thy goods; yet they cannot be chosen without care, nor without care can thy goods be dispersed among them: and it is impossible but thou shouldest take many that are not such, and of those others thou canst be in no wise certain.  
4. Besides, by how much thy wealth is more eminent, thy state is so much more hard, and dangerous: they move the greedy appetite of more, and more mighty ones, and provoke them to lay more treacherous snares against thee, and are defended with more labour and care.  
5. Lastly, with how much study and care they are obtained, and kept, with so much grief and pain they are lost, and so much also is life more miserable without them, and death also when they are to be forsaken.  
Conclude, to set a bound to the desire of wealth, that thou Mayst wish for no more but what may be conveniently obtained, and kept with such labour, and care for change, that life may not be grievous to thee; for the rest to make use of life, and enjoy it, that this day thou Mayst serve God, being nothing solicitous for food or raiment.   

37. Meditation. Of Carnality.  
1. COnsider, that whereas carnal copulation is an action which by its nature belongs unto the whole substance of man, and is making of a man, seeing it is a decision of a certain the most pure, and elaborate substance, extracted out of all the parts of a living creature by a secret force in nature, there cannot be any deordination in it, but it must be a most grievous sin.  
2. Add, that when as the injury which is done by the fornicator to his own, and the body of his confederate, is contrary to an inclination of nature inbred, and not subject to him that hath it; and again, in that it is committed not against any one part in special, but against the whole person; the offence hereby becomes more heinous, then if it were against justice, or then if it were the cutting away of some member of the body.  
3. Add also, that the action is excessive momentary; as if one should gurry down large quantities of drink at one swallow: that it is most undecent; so that there is no man so filthy, that can endure to commit it in presence of another; nay, there are some beasts that will not suffer themselves to be seen: that it is not of any value or honour, but a thing appertaining to brute beasts, capable of no praise; nay, originally to insensible plants. And lastly, if Boetius may have credit, it is a pleasure not to be discerned; whenas those wretches who commit the crime, know not in what part they feel it, nor of what kind it is; insomuch, that it is not comparable to one smack of the taste, and is more discerned by the itching then the act: and yet notwithstanding this very thing is the origine of in numerable mischiefs, and an ensnaring labyrinth beyond expression; for this time, which is so precious, is lost among jealousies and griefs, the soul pines away with bitterness, same and honour is neglected, friends are lost, fortunes dissipated, the body weakened, and cast into most horrible diseases, and torments, the conscience is vexed, God is rejected with hatred, and the whole man consumes away, soul, body, and substance, becoming vile, and contemptible to his very self.  
Conclude, to observe watchfully, to esteem nothing as of light moment, that leads unto this misery, nor willingly to enter, by manner of sport, into dalliance of this so great a mischief, by means whereof man is easily debased, and in a sporting folly is utterly undone, in the sight of God, himself, and the world: abhor the very appearance, and suspect the remotest allurements of the flesh, assuring thyself thou canst only get the conquest by flying.   

38. Meditation. Of the State of Wedlock.  
1. COnsider, that whereas the love of man to his wife is the most strong, and constant, among all animal affections; it is necessary, the inconveniences arising from thence, should also be most grievous. If thy wife be a fool, if a scold, if proud, or infamous, or sluggish, thou hast made thyself a slave to a most cruel prison: and how small a number are free from such like vices? or how canst thou be sufficiently cautious, not to light upon some one that is such?  
2. But let it be granted, that she is the best that may be; yet art thou no longer at liberty to choose thy friends, and familiar companions: thou art tied and must perforce endure those who are of your mutual alliance, of what condition soever. If thou lovest thy wife, all thy miseries are doubled, because thou dost licence fortune to sway over thee in two bodies; nay, every misery invades thee with advantage, because thy own sufferings grieve thee for her sake.  
3. Add, with what affection, and how perpetually must thou serve her: thou must sit at home, pleasures must be set aside, duties omitted, and those sweet societies are to be broken off to which thou wert accustomed. Then if thou hast no children, thy house is solitary, thy bed unfruitful, thy thoughts full of tedious emulation, and thy endeavours seem unprofitable. But if thou hast children, thou must dread their infancy, have a watchful care over their vouth, and provide for every age. By a communication of affections, thou art so many times miserable, as thou numbrest so dear pledges. And who can promise thee they shall be good? if they are unfortunate, if wicked, if ungrateful, if foolish, if deformed, they must not be cast away: before thine eyes thou must perpetually bear the burden of thine own folly.  
4. All these, if thou diest before them, thou forsakest them being needy, and orphans. If they pass out of the world before thee, thou hast obtained a mournful old age. Whichsoever happens, with what a torment of thy bowels art thou divided, and as it were torn away from so dear pledges? What should I speak of the attentive care of thy substance, whereby to nourish and enrich them? It is necessary, that the soul which descended from heaven, should be enslaved to dirt and to beasts, and that precious leisure which was due to the consideration of heaven, must be employed upon dung.  
5. But perchance these miseries may not fall upon thee. See if ninety of a hundred are not drowned in these difficulties; and it is by grace from above, and not the force of thine own wisdom, if thou avoidest them. But thou through courage of thy mind, canst pass through all, and never burn in the midst of the furnace. A likely matter, since thou couldst not warrant thyself being free, but voluntarily didst run into the danger.  
Conclude, if thou art free out of necessity, to bless God, and live contented; if it be by choice of free will, to pray unto God to preserve it; being mindful, how it is folly to accuse fortune, if being fairly admonished, thou perishest through thy own wilfulness.   

39 Meditation. Of Gluttony.  
1. COnsider, how short the delight of meat and drink is, how it passeth in the twinkling of an eye, how slight it is, that except a man useth attention, he cannot observe it, and whensoever he hath attentively tasted a thing, he can rarely judge of it, except he have experience; how vile and infamous it is, that man for the most part will blush to acknowledge that he is led by it, and those kind of people are most contemptible, whom we term Parasites or Smelfeasts.  
2. In the mean, how dishonourable is it, rising from the table to turn himself presently to sleep, or to discharge his belly over a close stool, and to be impotent in duties belonging to his calling, and wearisome to himself? How uncomely is it to express any affection to good cheer? What shall I say of the crudities, and nauseating of the stomach after a feast, and of the diet also to be observed for several days, if no disease ensue?  
3. Now he that hath got a custom of it, what is he good for? he casteth away his honour, forsaketh his friends, is made a scorn to his enemies, a dishonour to his parents, subject to idleness and sloth, and prone to all kind of wickedness.  
Conclude, to use such a mean of meat and drink, as may serve for health and action: if thou exceedest the usual measure, let it be done to that purpose, that thy spirits may become more lively, and not be oppressed, and made sluggish: bridle thy mouth with reason, that by observation thou Mayst know what doth good, how much doth hurt, how much overloads: and thus with giving of thanks accept what God shall provide for thee.   

40. Meditation. Of drunkenness.  
1. COnsider, that the peculiar deformity of drunkenness consisteth, in that the reason weakened with too much drink is compelled to serve the domineering appetite, so that a drunkard is truly a beast, nay, so much worse, as it is a thing more deformed, for to make reason a slave, then that it should be altogether wanting.  
2. Weigh considerately the comportment of a drunkard, in his words, in his eyes, in his motion, in his face; how confounded and different is he from himself, and even ridiculous to children?  
3. The life moreover of a drunkard is a shop of brawls and slaughters; he never passeth out of his house that he is not always subject either to do some mischief, or suffer it, for what he acted when he was in drink, remains to be satisfied for when he is sober.  
4. Add, that he is much weakened in the operations of his understanding, he betrays secrets, he tattles out his appetites, and discovers his designs, and actions, he is tracked out by all men, he is discerned, he is scorned; he is also unfit for the duties of a common life: how many mischiefs through drunkenness do fall upon a soldier, a mariner, or whosoever it is that hath any business of weight or moment committed to his charge? In truth who is there that will commit any slight matter to the care of a drunkard, since it is certain, that he will in his drink either betray the business, or spoil it by being circumvented?  
5. Lastly, the life of a drunkard is base and odious, ingrateful to ones familiars, dishonourable to parents, infamous to all, and by custom usually arrives to that height of turpitude, that neither reason, nor body, can execute the ordinary functions of human life.  
Conclude, to abominate so filthy a kind of vice, and abhor the company of drunkards as of so many beasts: when any occasion of drinking offers itself, if thou canst not avoid it, be thou the last, and trembling avoid every stroke: know assuredly, that there is poison contained in every cup that is drunk with excess; shun therefore what thou art able every glass that is coming towards thee, until there creeps in some occasion whereby thou canst privily slip from the rest who are disturbed with drink. Thou canst not persuade a beast to drink more than is necessary; esteem therefore him unworthy of thy company, nor to be accounted a friend or kinsman, who induceth thee to the like.   

41. Meditation. Of Anger.  
1. COnsider, that anger is a desire of revenge; revenge, a part of justice, to wit, that he may suffer evil, who hath done evil, which is an act of reason; anger is therefore so much the more deformed, when it strayeth from reason, by how much it is natural for it to be joined with it.  
2. Again, anger is joined with grief: he therefore brings grief upon himself, who cherisheth his anger. See now, how senseless it is, whenas another hath done thee an injury, that thou shouldst therefore frame and create a new scourge for thyself. He therefore who is angry rejoiceth his enemy, and completes his desire, which was, that he should bring u 'pon himself misery and grief: but he who ispatient, in that very thing is a conqueror, since he hinders that his enemy cannot heap a mischief and sorrow upon him; for other miseries are therefore miseries, in that they sad the soul.  
3. Farther, a man that is angry is an impediment also to himself: for whiles he betrayeth the mind that he hath to do a mischief, he both makes his enemy wary to prevent it, and that he also, disturbed with his own passion, sees not what is needful to be done to effect his purpose.  
4. But for a wise man, with whom should he be angry? for he that commits the mischief doth it either justly, and then it is an unjust thing to be angry for it; or through ignorance, and then it is unbeseeming a wise man, for to wish any hurt to another, for any thing which was done by chance, or through ignorance: or lastly, out of passion, or through an evil affection; whom it is fit we should pity, for if it had been well with him, he had never done the injury; but being in a passion for the time, he was a beast: and as you are not angry with a dog, or a bear, so neither is it a thing becoming to be angry with such a man. But he that hath contracted an irrational affection is so much worse than a beast, by how much he is more perseverantly and more deeply the same, that a passionate man is for a short space.  
5. Add to these, the turpitude of an angry man in his countenance, in the headlong rashness of his motions and gestures, not seeing what is fit to be done, speaking things unworthy himself, vexing himself, and hindering that very revenge which he most of all desireth. Lastly, anger is also hurtful and causeth diseases in the body.  
Conclude, to embrace meekness, and not to give the reins of reason to so unbridled, and inconsiderate an affection: when thou seest one angry, view, and consider in him, how in thy anger thou art wont to behave thyself, and learn to be virtuous by the consideration of the foulness of another man's vice.   

42. Meditation. Of Learning.  
1. COnsider, how that among those actions which are not virtues, and yet may be virtuously used, some of them do perfect other things, and some of them, man himself: and of those, some cultivate the body, and others the soul of man, in that wherein the soul is lord, and excellent above other things: and these necessarily excel all others, as much as the soul excelleth the matters of the others.  
2. Add, that whenas man is man, by reason of his soul, those among men ought to be most eminent, who take the care of instructing the soul: whence it is, that naturally men do out of their hearts admire, and honour cordially such as are learned, and scorn the foolish that are rich; nay, they do moreover willingly believe, and submit themselves to the learned, as greater than themselves: from whence the governors of commonwealths are addicted to learning, and are accounted to know more than other men: neither can wealth, nor abundance be wanting to those that excel in power, except they despise them.  
3. But the whole life of such as practise arts, and sciences, how much doth it excel others? their pleasures, purged from lees, are purely tasted; whenas corporal delights, disturbed with a tumult of passions, and sensible alteration, make that themselves cannot be known. They are constant and persevering; but the corporal passeth presently into loathsomeness, and disdain. They are more easily obtained, because they stand in need of fewer instruments, and those more ready at hand This life brings neither diseases to the body, nor detriment to fame, nor to our friends any defect of duty: nay rather it exhorts, and furnisheth us where with to avoid all these inconveniences.  
4. Lastly, it is quiet, and free from infinite troubles, because it doth not mingle itself with such things, for the obtaining whereof strifes, and cares do besiege the life of man, with so much importunity, and by labours chained together draw it along in misery. But if we will cast our eyes upon such businesses, she playeth the great mistress, & by superior discourses of a higher strain, doth rule and order them,  
Conclude, to give thanks unto God, that he hath placed thee in such a rank of men. Resolve to use thy utmost endeavour in that Vocation, and to be fixed in that 〈…〉 whereon thou are pitched; to 〈◊〉 those who are hardened with such blindness, that they can neither acknowledge thy happiness nor their own vileness, and think themselves wise, whiles they attempt to seduce others, and bring them to their condition.   

43. Meditation. Of the study of Theology.  
1. COnsider, that the perfection of a human soul consisteth either in this, that itself is made a partaker of those considerations which are of the highest rank and order, or that it extends its own to such things as are inferior to its self; of the which, the first comes by contemplation, the other by action: and for both these ends sacred Theology doth most eminently instruct it.  
2. For it reacheth to the highest contemplation of God, and those spiritual substances which are next unto him; it treateth also of the beginnings, the end, substance, order, and constitution of all things; it considereth the operation, providence, and command as well of God, as of spiritual substances, and of all kind of action which is proper unto man, and from whom neither the meanest of things can lie hid, nor the greatest escape his capacity: it is Theology that frameth, and regulateth the principles, and the Architectonick Idea.  
3. Moreover, the profit of it is such, that it confirmeth our faith, governs our manners, and exempts a man from the servitude of pinning himself upon another's judgement, concerning those things which become and are proper to man as man. But its eminency is such, that the Divine is always to be called to counsel to advise what is to be done, and to give his approbation in all other Arts and Sciences whatsoever, especially such as are the most excellent among others.  
4. It teacheth such as sit at the helm to govern kingdoms, and states, what is lawful, what is honest, and what is necessary to be done. It instructeth the Lawyer how his own principles are to be understood, and how far they are to be extended. To the Masters of families, to Citizens, to Merchants, in one word, to all men when they are in deepest consultation concerning themselves, and their affairs, it is necessary, and the Princess of action; it is honourable before all men, 'tis admirable, and to be esteemed with reverence.  
Conclude, in no wife to show thyself unthankful to the divine mercy, who hath vouchsafed thee so great a benefit: but when thou hast considered to what a dignity he hath lifted thee up, contend in humility, and the returning of a grateful soul, that he may not repent him of so great a benefit, but that he would bestow upon thee that favour with perseverance to gather the desired fruit.   

44. Meditation. The excellency of the State of Priesthood.  
1. COnsider, that a Priest is placed in the midst, between God, and his people, to carry and offer up the oblations of the people unto God, and bring down those graces which God shall please to bestow upon his people. And out of the former consideration he hath assigned unto him two offices: for he is as a Master to instruct, and direct the people in those things wherein they are to behave themselves in their duty towards God; by which dignity and title, he excelleth all the professors of other sciences and arts, and is seated upon the top of all honour whatsoever, which may be had from human science or virtue, and consequently is to be preferred before any private person, in all kind of eminency; with whatsoever science or virtue he shall be adorned, by reason of his dignity.  
2. Besides, he is set to be an Overseer of the solemn devotions of the people: and therefore seeing the obligation of the people towards God, is greater than any other obligation towards themselves, their country, or their parents; it is clear, no other office in the Common-weal, whether it be of Judges, Commanders, or Kings is, or can be comparable to the office of Priesthood.  
3. Moreover the business which Priests do deal in, since it is of the soul, and an eternity of salvation, or misery, which are infinitely higher and of more concernment than those goods which are administered, and taken care of by others; it is therefore to be esteemed a great perverseness to account the Priesthood any other than the supreme dignity.  
4. Now on the other part, concerning the Priests communicating of the mercies of God to man, it is a certain dignity which cannot be expressed, & not otherwise to be compared to other men, then as the Sea to rivulets, or the Sun, or the whole element of fire to one of our little fires; because those supernatural gifts of God are to be received unitedly in him, which are particularly to be divided among the people, according to the diversity of measure whereof every one is capable; and this is not in such things as accompany our nature, but in the divine nature, by an effusion of the fullness of its very essence and perfection, overflowing the world, by virtue of the holy Ghost, through, and after Christ's passion.  
Conclude, to what great and high an excellency thou art called: do not be sluggish, but cheerfully follow God who calls thee, and he will make thee able for thy vocation: cast thyself upon him, but let it be thy whole self, with all the latitude of thy heart, because so great an honour requires more than all: follow him confidently, yet not trusting in thyself, but in him; for gifts of such a nature are not of mortal birth, or of human condition, but spring from God.   

45. Meditation. Of the Mission of the English Seminaries.  
1. COnsider, what obligation thou undergoest for the undertaking of that work which is destined for thee. First of all, thou hast bound thyself with an oath, which is a greater obligation than if thou wert only tied by a vow, for a promise is strengthened by an oath, as it is manifest in the very promises of God: for in a vow thy faith and truth is obliged unto God, which is to be kept for the reverence thou owest unto him; but in an oath the very truth of God is engaged, to be observed with the same reverence.  
2. Thou dost moreover incur the obligation of justice, receiving thy sustenance upon this condition and contract, that thou wilt assist with thy labours and endeavours thy Country in extreme want of men that are fit (which is to say, of such who are esteemed so, by them to whose care the nation itself is committed) to help her in spirituals, that is to say, in the chiefest and extremest necessity; which obligation doth necessarily prevent, and make void every vow of a thing that is not compatible with it.  
3. Thou art also bound by office; which bond is far more noble than any private obligation of one's self, for it proceeds forth of an intention of a common good, which is more eminent than any private profit, and it implies the authority of a superior, for what is done by office is done by command. Since therefore public authority excels by far, private power, it is a sin more grievous to act contrary to a precept, then contrary to a private promise.  
4. Add, that it is the command of such a superior which thou hast not chosen to thyself, nor hath the people by any natural power granted them by God among the gifts of nature imposed it upon thee; but whom God, and Christ our Lord by a special decree of his wisdom hath ordained, and commended to be obeyed.  
5. Moreover, which way the obligation of charity doth bind other men, it ties thee first, and strongest, since the aforesaid obligations do not dissolve it, but increase it, and strain it closer. If therefore it be lawful for Monks for charity sake to leave their Cloisters, and deserts, how much more art thou bound not to forsake thy station, and prefer private profits, or ease, before the Church of God?  
Conclude to go on with what thou hast undertaken, neither to be called aside with vain fancies, and alien hopes, from the office which is imposed upon thee, nor to harbour any tentation of this kind.   

46. Meditation. The Charge of a Seminary Priest.  
1. COnsider, how that God ordained the life of man in such a manner, that the perfection of charity may be had in any state; yet notwithstanding he appointed one to be more fit than another, for the obtainment, and exercise thereof; whom therefore we call more perfect, because charity is the form of perfection. See now in what degree your state is placed; and if so be that you look upon the employment whereunto you are called, the highest speculative action is to Evangelise, that is, to be the Master of such as contemplate: the practical, is to govern souls: both of them the chief works of charity, to teach the ignorant, and correct sinners. But to administer the Sacraments is an office altogether divine, not to be placed among human actions.  
2. If you look upon the condition of your life, it is to be among dangers, where you always ought to be prepared to lay down your soul for your friend; amids poverty, and necessity, that temporal gains may be always accounted as dung, if you will rightly execute your Commission and Charge.  
3. If you look upon your State, yours is such, which out of a perfect contemplation, and possession of charity, extendeth itself to the care of your neighbours, the action itself now not hinderng, but increasing charity.  
4. If you look into the obligation wherewith you are bound, there cannot be a greater thought of among men. To God you are tied with an oath, as great a bond, as conscience hath any; to your neighbour, in piety; to your Country in the knot of human necessity, in comparison of which the rest are to be despised.  
5. In the consideration of your Office, you have the common good for your end, the highest, and most efficacious motive of a free action.  
6. You are lastly bound with the necessity of a precept, seeing you set forth to execute the work in obedience to the pastor of the universal Church, than which there is none to be found in the whole earth more honourable, or of more obligation, whilst you do persevere in the obedience of your pastor, whose very authority is derived from God by special ordination. Since therefore the order of charity is to be greater, in those things unto which there is greater obligation, it is not to be doubted but that your labours are bedewed with the prime myrrh of charity.  
Conclude, that whatsoever are the greatest goods among men, are bestowed by God upon you: that it is not to be neglected, but that you must labour with an earnest care, that you may show yourself a worthy Minister.   

47. Meditation. Of the dignity of a Priest.  
1. COnsider, of how much dignity it is, and honour, to have received the administering of God himself, although it be only for honour sake, to bear him in your hands, to have him in your power, to give him to whom you will, and to deny him to whom you list. See, how the Priest hath received that which is not granted to the Angels, nor was ever lawful for any but only to his blessed mother. See, how not only men, and Monarchs, but the Angels also fall prone before the knees of a Priest; not only to adore God in his hands, but also to reverence such power granted unto men. For without doubt it is a certain degree above their dignity, and scenting of the infinity of the Divinity.  
2. Add moreover, of what great power it is to sit a judge of men, not as concerning strifes and injuries, but as of their very persons; what they have done unbeseeming God, and themselves: judging it not by proofs, and allegations, but by the simple truth, and a view of the very spirit of the man himself. Of how much sovereignty is it, that the counsellors of Kings, and those that deal in mysteries of State are obliged to speak nakedly, and clearly, before them, and to conceal nothing; to accuse themselves, and to undergo as well the orders, as the punishments which the Pr●●st will impose upon them. And how great dignity is it that God doth not open, if the Priest doth shut, or lose, if there be any thing that he doth bind; that he hath put the kingdom of heaven in a manner into his hands, that he may bestow it upon such as he judgeth worthy, and keep him away whom he believeth unworthy.  
3. These are things that are wonderful, and of a fearful altitude, and admiration, which we may yet in no wise doubt of, except we dare to reprove Christ of falsehood, and infidelity. And is there yet any one so foolish, that can think any thing besides this to be sublime, any thing else to be honourable, or to be esteemed in human dignities?  
Conclude for to strive with all your strength to obtain befitting virtues, as knowledge, prudence, and the love of God, and your neighbour: and knowing what is committed to your charge, contemn all things, besides what may conduce, or hinder you from the better performing of it. Be all wholly relishing of God, nor defile yourself with secular affairs, which, since they are by so much inferior, are very unbeseeming you and your calling.   

48. Meditation. The difficulties of the Seminary Priest in executing his charge.  
1. COnsider, specially, the charge that lies upon you: for it is commanded that you both make them good that are sinful, and keep them so when you have made them. Of which the first requires that you remove the heart and mind of another, from those goods whereof he hath a strong conceit, to new ones; a business that is the hardest of hard things. And I add, from goods of such a nature, that we see them with our eyes, and our senses; to such as are invisible, of which we can neither bring experience, nor perceive any sensible argument, or footstep, and they most opposite, and dissonant to those whereof we have the present possession.  
2. Neither are you to deal by illustrious miracles in an apostolical manner, which of their own force are able to move and shake a man's heart; but by reasons scarcely intelligible, and authorities to which they give no credit.  
3. Nor are you to convince a nation which is yet rude, & unfashioned, and thereupon amuzed with a new splendour of reason shining upon them, or the curious strangeness of such things as are denounced unto them; but rather, with men that are hardened, who have formerly fallen from the true faith, who have a brawny heart to repulse your arguments, and who by perpetual custom, are bred up, to believe that you are not to be believed, and how the things whereto you persuade them, are but mere impostures.  
4. But now, when they are brought to goodness, neither can you nurse them up, and keep them in with civil laws, nor with ecclesiastical discipline, nor with any outward splendour, or profit, as it were with milk, until they should grow more ripe: but you have all the weight of human diligence, and power, pressing backwards, and leading contrary ways. And you are to work by means that are purely spiritual, and not intelligible: which very thing, of what labour and difficulty it is, he doth not understand, who hath not had experience.  
5. Add to these, the incommodities of your person, your dangers, I say, and persecutions continual, and when it shall please God, either a prison, or death. Oftentimes you shall have no certain home to put your head in, nor scarce a friend to whom you will not be accounted troublesome, if you make your access to his house. Your poverty is to be endured, and dissembled; and when there is wanting for yourself, you must yet be giving something to others. Your adversaries are both abroad, and at home: and if you have gained any thing, there will be those who will lay perpetual snares for you, and backbite you. Others who are no ways better than you, will carry themselves insolently, and have many to help them: they will domineer and abound, who yet profess the contrary, when you are in want, who justly might enjoy those things, and do suffer in very deed what others do avoid by professing to suffer them.  
Conclude, if you favour any thing of matters which are celestial, to march on with courage in the path of life, and to strive to enter by the narrow gate. Do not through pusillammity or feebleness of courage, or any other fault of yours, commit any thing that may make God esteem you unworthy of your calling; bearing well in your mind, that the rewards are great, both of comfort in this life, and of beatitude in the next, which wait for you.   

49. Meditation. Of receiving the Blessed Eucharist.  
1. COnsider, thou art to receive into thy heart and body thy God, and that he comes unto thee as great, and as glorious as he is accustomed to be seen by the heavenly inhabitants, the conduit, and fountain of being, essence, and of all goodness. How high is he? how glorious? how holy? how good? how abundant? and how strong? how almighty? and how wise? how rich? how pious? how merciful? how every way to be honoured, and wholly desirable? such, and so great, doth the Son of God come to thee, and in the Son the Father, and in both the holy Ghost, one, and true God, alone immortal, alone working wonders, alone good; the same thy creator, who hath bestowed upon thee the least of things, as well as the greatest; whatsoever thou hast, or art; whatever thou hast had, or hast been; or shalt have, or shalt be. He is thy preserver, from whom as a beam, or ray from the Sun, thou perpetually dost spring, and flow, who to repair the ruins of thy nature, falling away into a nothing, enriched thee with heaven, and earth, and all those things that are n them. For thy benefit it rains, and is fair; for thee hath he prepared the Summer, and Winter, Spring, and autumn. Look round about, what thou dost eat, with what thou art clothed, what those things are that defend thee from the distemper of the air, and protect thee from the violence of enemies; what thou dost spend for the solace of thy senses, or dost take as medicines for thy health: thou shalt see the East, and West, the South, and the North, the surface of the earth, and the very bowels thereof, the waters, and the air, moreover the ages that are present, and to come, by God's command (who cometh to harbour himself with thee) have conspired together for thy aid, and service.  
2. Add moreover the ministering spirits for the salvation of the Elect, and the watchful eye of God moving all things, not sparing himself in Christ, in this banquet.  
Conclude, with a trembling, and horror of thy entire soul, and body; with the whole fullness, and submission of all thy affections; with the most inward, and most secret searching, and cleansing of thy conscience; with a most inflamed, and efficacious love, to receive, embrace, bind fast, and keep so much of goodness, so much of grace, and felicity, streamed down by our Lord into thy bosom; and convert thyself towards, and into it, with all thy whole strength and endeavour.   

50. Meditation. Of the most Blessed Sacrament.  
1. COnsider, that Jesus Christ comes unto thee, to be personally received in this Sacrament, in whom the fullness of the divinity doth corporally dwell, to whom the holy Ghost is given without measure, who is the head, and fountain, and the worthy fullness of grace, science, and of all gifts and virtues.  
2. He it is, that is the general, sent by God into this world perfectly to bring it into subjection under God. He is the executor of the divine providence, to perfect all his counsel. He is the full, and universal dispenser of his virtues, and graces. He is the Prince of men, and angels, and the supreme head. He is at the last day to be the Judge, both of the living, and the dead, and who is to dispose of rewards, and punishments, according to the rate of their merits.  
3. Again, it is he, who when he was God most blessed, took upon him the form of a slave, and wailing sent forth his first voice: for thee he did partake of the miseries of flesh, and blood, voluntarily suffering hunger, thirst, cold, heat, anguish, grief, fear also, and anger, sadness, confusions, emulations, envy, treacheries, dangers, infamy, reproaches, threats, and death itself, for thy sake.  
4. He, who for thy love, poured forth the overflowing assaults of nature by a deadly sweat of blood upon the earth, so preciously watered. He, who was contented for thee to be apprehended, after the manner of malefactors, to be drawn along, accused by false witnesses, to be unjustly judged, to appear before judges of all sorts, and to be made a scorn unto soldiers, servants, and contemptible slaves. He, who being innocent, blushed not to be whipped, to be crowned with thorns, to be covered with a robe of derision, to bear a reed in his hand with which he should be beaten, and to be offered up a scorn to the ungrateful people, though all in vain, to appease their causeless envy. He, who was willing to carry a cross upon his shoulders, to be nailed unto it, to be deputed among the wicked, to drink vinegar, and gall; and the discipline of thy peace being finished, to undergo the divorcement of soul, body, and the last drop of his blood, that thou mightest be spared.  
Conclude, what a banquet, what a charger of dainties, what an one, and how rich a potion of all health, hath God mingled for thee with his own hand? O unworthy man, if thou makest thy access with a lukewarm, or negligent affection! and how much more, if thou neglectest to come at all?   
FINIS.   

AN INDEX of the MEDITATIONS delivered in this manual.  

Of the Beginning and End of Man. fol.  

1. Meditation. Of the Creation of the World. 1  
2. Med. Of the Fall of the Angels. 3  
3. Med. Of the Creation of Man. 5  
4. Med. Of original Justice. 8  
5. Med. Of the Fall of Man. 12  
6. Med. Of Sin. 15  
7. Med. The Effects of Sin. 17  
8. Med. Of Death. 20  
9 Med. Of a Damned Soul. 23  
10. Med. The Torments of a Damned body. 26  
11. Med. The Condition of Adam's posterity after his fall. 28  
12. Med. Of God's Mercy to the Jews. 31  
13 Med. Of God's continued mercy and man's misery. 34  
14 Med. Of man's Redemption. 38  
15. Med. How God became Man. 41  
16. Med. Of the Preparation for the Coming of our Saviour. 44    

Of Christian virtues. fol.  

1. Med. Of Faith. 49  
2. Med. Of the Church. 50  
3. Med. Of the Supremacy of the See of Rome. 52  
4. Med. Of God's goodness. 54  
5. Med. Of Hope. 55  
6. Med. Of Charity. 57  
7. Med. Of God's love to man. 60  
8. Med. Of love to our Neighbours. 63  
9 Med. Of Duty to our Parents. 65  
10. Med. The Duties which we owe unto our Country. 67  
11. Med. Of Obedience. 69  
12. Med. Of obedience to Supcriours. 71  
13. Med. Of Liberality and Gratitude. 74  
14. Med. Of Rash judgement. 77  
15. Med. Of Detraction. 79  
16. Med. Of Slanderers. 81  
17. Med. Of good works. 84  
18. Med. Of Government, 87  
19 Med. Of scandal. 90  
20. Med. Of rashness. 92  
21. Med. Of martyrdom. 94  
22. Med. Of Perseverance. 97  
23. Med. Of observation of order and discipline. 100  
24. Med. Of Courage and Constancy. 103  
25. Med. Of Passionate Desires. 105  
26. Med. Of humble submission to the Divine Providence. 107  
27. Med. Of Prayer. 110  
28. Med. Of humility and reverence towards God. 112  
29. Med. Of heedful attention to God's Inspirations. 115  
30. Med. Of Reverence due to Saints. 118  
31. Med. Of Devotion to our B. Lady. 120  
32. Med. Of the daily sacrifice of the Catholic Church. 123  
33. Med. The Frailty of the Body. 126  
34. Med. Of the miseries of the Soul. 129  
35. Med. Of the knowledge of ourselves. 132  
36. Med. Of covetousness. 135  
37. Med. Of Carnality. 138  
38. Med. Of the State of Wedlock. 141  
39 Med. Of Gluttony. 145  
40. Med. Of drunkenness. 147  
41. Med. Of Anger. 150  
42. Med. Of Learning. 153  
43. Med. Of Theology. 156  
44. Med. The excellency of the State of Priesthood. 159  
45. Med. Of the Mission of the English Seminaries. 162  
46. Med. The charge of a Seminary Priest. 165  
47. Med. Of the Dignity of a Priest. 168  
48. Med. The difficulties of the Seminary Priest executing his charge. 171  
49. Med. Of receiving the B. Eucharist. 175  
50. Med. Of the most B. Sacrament. 178     

These titles although not in the original, are yet prefixed to the Meditations, and this precedent table adjoined for the benefit of the Reader. if there be any mistake pray pardon it; and correct the errors in the print thus.  
Fol. 69. lin. 2. for confess read confer. f. 80. l. 13. for fault r. fault. f. 88 l. 10. for their r. their. f. 95. l. 23. for these r. those. f. 115. l. ult. for willeth r. nilleth. f. 118. l. 22. for deiformd r. deiform. f. 126. l. 14. dele thy.   

Omnia mea facta, dicta, sed & cogitata (si quae bene) cum à Deo solo sint, ad Dei solius gloriam diriguntor.  
Quae vero male, cum illa proprie mea sint, Jesu redemptoris mei misericordiae, & Sanctissimae Ecclesiae summique Pastoris ejus Censuris humillime submittuntor.  
W. C.