TINTINNALOGIA: OR, THE ART OF RINGING.  
WHEREIN Is laid down plain and easy Rules for Ringing all sorts of Plain Changes.  
Together with Directions for Pricking and Ringing all Cross Peals; with a full Discovery of the Mystery and Grounds of each Peal.  
AS ALSO Instructions for Hanging of Bells, with all things belonging thereunto.  
By a Lover of that ART.  A. Persii Sat. V. 
Disce: sed ira cadat naso, rugosaque sanna,  
LONDON, Printed for F. S. and are to be Sold by Tho. Archer, at his Shop under the Dyal of St. Dunstan's- Church in Fleetstreet, 1671.   

TO THE NOBLE SOCIETY OF COLLEDGE-YOUTHS.  
GENTLEMEN,  
I Have seen a Treatise, entitled, de Tintinnabulis— that is, of little Bells, the Language Latin, but penned by a Dutchman, being a Discourse of striking Tunes on little Bells with traps under the feet; with several Books on several Instruments of Music, and Tunes pricked for the same: Then considering that the Wellwishers to ●ither of them, took great pains to make plain the use of them, I thought it worth a Day's labour, ●o write something on this Art or Science, that the Rules thereof might not be lost and obscured to some, as the Chronicles before William the Conqueror, being given only by Tradition from Father to Son. Wherefore I humbly entreat you favourably to accept this small Treatise, as a foundation whereon may be raised a famous Structure; and if any one objects a fault, excuse it with the Ringing term— He was Over-belled— So you will much oblige him that is a Wellwisher to your Recreation,  
CAMPANISTA.   

On the Ingenious Art of RINGING.  
WHat Music is there that compared may be  
To well-tuned Bells enchanting melody!  
Breaking with their sweet sound the willing Air,  
And in the listening ear the Soul ensnare;  
The ravished Air such pleasure loath to lose,  
With thousand Echoes still prolongs each close;  
And gliding streams which in the Valleys trills,  
Assists its speed unto the neighbouring Hills;  
Where in the rocks & caves, with hollow grounds,  
The warbling lightsome Element rebounds.  
This for the Music: In the Action's Health,  
And every Bell is a Wills Commonwealth:  
For here by them we plainly may discern,  
How that Civility we are to learn.  
The Treble to the Tenor doth give place,  
And goes before him for the better grace:  
But when they chance to change, 'tis as a dance,  
They foot A Galliard, of lafoy mode de France.  
An Eighteenscore's a figure dance, but Grandsire  
Hath the Jig-steps: & Tender Peal doth answer  
The manner of Corants: A plain sixscore,  
Is like a Sarabaend, the motion slower.  
When Bells Ring round, and in their Order be,  
They do denote how Neighbours should agree;  
But if they Clam, the harsh sound spoils the sport,  
And 'tis like Women keeping Dover Court▪  
For when all talk, there's none can lend an ear  
The others story, and her own to hear;  
But pull and hall, straining for to sputter  
What they can hardly afford time to utter.  
Like as a valiant Captain in the Field,  
By his Conduct, doth make the Foe to yield;  
Even so, the leading Bell keeping true time,  
The rest do follow, none commits a Crime:  
But if one Soldier runs, perhaps a Troop  
Seeing him gone, their hearts begin to droop▪  
Even so the fault of one Bell spoils a Ring,  
(And now my Pegasus has taken Wing.)   

Upon the Presentation of GRANDSIRE BOB To the COLLEDGE-YOUTHS, By the AUTHOR Of that PEAL.  
GEntlemen of the Noble Crew  
Of Colledge-Youths, there lately blew  
A wind, which to my Noddle flew  
(Upon a day when as it Snow;)  
Which to my Brains the Vapours drew,  
And there began to work and brew,  
Till in my Pericranium grew  
Conundrums, how some Peal that's New  
Might be composed? and to pursue  
These thoughts (which did so whet and hew  
My flat Invention) and to show  
What might be done, I straight withdrew  
Myself to ponder— whence did accrue  
This Grandsire Bob, which unto you  
I Dedicate, as being due  
Most properly; for there's but few  
Besides, so ready at their Q—  
(Especially at the first View)  
To apprehend a thing that's New;  
Though they'll pretend, and make a show,  
As if the intricat'st they knew;  
What Bob doth mean, and Grandsire True,  
And read the course without a Clue  
Of this new Peal: Yet though they screw  
Their shallow Brains, they'll ne'er unglue  
The Method on't (and I'm a Jew)  
If I don't think this to be true,  
They see no more on't than blind Hugh.  
Well, let their tongues run Titere tu,  
Drink muddy Ale, or else French Lieve,  
Whilst we our Sport and Art renew,  
And drink good Sack till Sky looks blue,  
So Grandsire bids you All adieu.  
R. R.   

THE ART OF Ringing.  

Of the Beginning of Changes.  
IT is an ancient Proverb with us in England (That Rome was not built in a day) by which expression is declared, That difficult things are not immediately done, or in a short time accomplished: But for the Art of Ringing, it is admirable to conceive in how short a time it hath increased, that the very depth of its intricacy is found out; for within these Fifty or Sixty years' last passed, Changes were not known, or thought possible to be Rang: Then were invented the Six, being the very ground of a Six score: Then the Twenty, and Twenty-four, with several other Changes. But Cambridge Fortyeight, for many years, was the greatest Peal that was Rang or invented; but now, neither Fortyeight, nor a Hundred, nor Seven-hundred and twenty, nor any Number can confine us; for we can Ring Changes, Ad infinitum. Although Philosophers say, No Number is infinite, because it can be numbered; for infinite is a quantity that cannot be taken or assigned, but there is (infinitum quoad nos) as they term it, that is infinite in respect of our apprehension: Therefore a Ringers knowledge may seem infinite to dive so infinitely into such an infinite Subject; but lest my Discourse should be infinite, I will conclude it, and proceed to the Peals following.  
Before I Treat of the method and diversity of Peals, I think it not impertinent to speak something of the Properties wherewith a Young Ringer ought to be qualified, and then proceed to the Peals. First then, before he is entered into a Company, it is presupposed, that he is able to Set a Bell Fore-stroke and Back-stroke, as the terms are: Next, that he know how to Ring Round, or Under-sally: Then, that he may be complete, it is convenient, that he understand the Tuning of Bells; for what is a Musician, unless he can Tune his Instrument, although he plays never so well? To do which, let him learn on some Instrument, or Wyer-Bells, to know a Third, Fifth, and Eighth, which are the principal Concord's: Or otherwise, let him get a Pipe called a Pitch-pipe, which may be made by any Organ-maker, to contain eight Notes, or more, (according to his pleasure) with their Flatts and Sharps, which will be very useful in the Tuning of Bells. And then this is a general Rule, begin at the Tenor, or biggest Bell, and count 3 whole Notes, than a half Note, or Sharp, 3 whole Notes, than a half Note, or Sharp; and so on, until you come to the least Bell or Treble. For example on four Bells, 1: 234, here the 432 are whole Notes, and the half Note or Sharp is between 1 and 2. On Five Bells, 12: 345 the 543 are whole Notes; and the half Note or Sharp is between 2 and 3. On Six, 123: 456 the half Note or Sharp is between 3 and 4. On Eight Bells, 1: 2345: 678, one half Note or Sharp is between 5 and 6 and the other between 1 and 2. On Ten, 123: 4567: 8910; here one half Note is between 7 and 8, and the next between 3 and 4. On Twelve Bells, 12: 345: 6789: 10 11 12. Here one half Note or Sharp is between 9 and 10, the next between 5 and 6, and the other between 2 and 3, which last is made contrary to the former Rule, it being but two whole Notes from the next half Note to it; the reason is this, the Ninth is one whole Note below the Eighth, therefore the 2 must be a whole Note below the Treble, otherwise they would not be a true Eighth, therefore the half Note is put between 2 and 3. Now he that hath these Rules, and a good ear to judge of the Concord's, may at any time cast his Verdict (as to Bells, whether they are well in Tune or not) amongst the chief of the Company.   

Of the Changes.  
A Change is made between two Bells that strikes next to each other, by removing into each others places, as in these two Figures 1, 2. make a Change between them, and they will stand 2, 1. which is called a Change; make another Change between them, and they will stand in their right places, as at first, 1, 2. These two Changes are all that can be made on two Bells.   

The Changes on three Bells.  
On three Bells there are six several Changes to be made; in Ringing of which, there is one Bell to be observed, which is called the Hunt, and the other two are Extreme Bells (but they cannot properly be so called, because every Bell hunts in the six Changes; yet because 'tis commonly Rang by observing a Hunt and two Extreme Bells, I will therefore proceed in that course.) The name of Hunt is properly given to it, because of its continual motion up and down amongst the other Bells, which motion is called Hunting, and the other two are called Extreme Bells, because when the Hunt is either before or behind them, that is at the Extreme, or utmost place, there is a Change then to be made between them, called an Extreme Change. There are two several ways to Ring the six Changes. One whereof is to make the Treble the Hunt, and the other way is to make the Tenor the Hunt. I will give an Example in hunting the Treble, the Bells are supposed to stand thus.— 

123    
Now the Treble must be hunted up over the Second and Third, which is to be done, by making a Change between the Treble, and each of those two Bells in order; therefore first I remove the Treble up over the Second, into the seconds place, by making a Change between the Treble and Second, thus.— 

213    
The Treble being removed up over the Second, it must next be removed up over the Third, as in this Change.— 

231    
Always observe, that when the Hunt moves from the foremost Bell toward the hindmost, than it hunts up, as in the Changes next before; but when it moves or hunts from the hindmost Bell, toward the Bell that leads, than it hunts down, as appears by the Changes following. The Treble being hunted up behind the Extreme Bells, an Extreme Change is next to be made between them.— 

321    
Here you may observe, that if the Hunt had been hunted down without an Extreme Change first made, those Changes in hunting it down, would have been the same with those that were made in hunting it up.  
The Extreme Change being made, the Treble must be hunted down again before the Bells thus.— 

312  
132    
The Treble being now hunted down, the next is to be an Extreme Change.— 

123   which is the last Change of the six.  
The other way to Ring the six Changes, is, to make the Tenor the Hunt, which being behind already, it must first be hunted down, as in these Changes.— 

123  
132  
312    
The Third, which is the Hunt, being hunted down before the Bells, the Extreme Change must next be made between the 2, and 1. which are the Extreme Bells, thus.— 

321    
The Extreme Change being made, the Third must be hunted up again.— 

231  
213    
The Third being hunted up, another Extreme must be made, which brings the Bells round in their right places.— 

123     

The Plain Changes on four Bells.  
On four Bells, there are Twenty four several Changes, in Ringing of which, there is one Bell called the Hunt, and the other three are Extreme Bells; the Hunt moves, and hunts up and down continually, and lies but once in one place, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, at which time it lies there twice together; it has the same course here, as in the six Changes before set down; two of the Extreme Bells makes a Change every time the Hunt comes before or behind them. An Example I will here give, making the Treble the Hunt, and the Extreme Changes I make between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the Hunt. I set down the four Figures, representing the four Bells, thus.— 

1234    
The Treble must now be hunted up behind the Bells, where it is to lie twice together, and then to hunt down before them, where it must lie twice, and then hunt up again as before. The Hunt is always one of the two Bells which makes every Change, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, and it moves only over one Bell at a time; 'tis to be hunted up after this manner.— 

2134  
2314  
2341    
The Treble being hunted up behind the Bells, as appears by the last Changes, the next is to be an Extreme Change between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the Hunt, which are the Second and Third, thus.— 

3241  
3214  
3124  
1324    
The Extreme being made, the Treble must be hunted down again, as in these Changes.—  
The Treble being hunted down, there is another Extreme Change to be made between the two farthest Bells from it, which are the Second and Fourth.— 

1342  
3142  
3412  
3421  
4321    
The Extreme being made, the Treble must be hunted as before, and so to the end of the Peal, making an Extreme Change every time the Hunt comes before and behind the Bells.— 

4312  
4132  
1432  
1423  
4123  
4213  
4231  
2431  
2413  
2143  
1243  
1234    
The Twenty-four Changes are to be Rang another way, in hunting up the Treble, which is, by making every Extreme Change between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt, as in these Changes, first I hunt the Treble up.— 

1234  
2134  
2314  
2341    
The Treble being hunted up, the Extreme Change is to be made between the 3, and 4. which are the two nearest Bells to it, as in this Change, and so to the end of the Peal, making every Extreme between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt all the way.  

2431   
These two ways in Ringing the Twenty-four, differs only in making the Extreme Changes, one whereof is to make them between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the Hunt, and the other to make them between the two nearest Bells to it.  
The Twenty-four Changes are to be Rang two ways more in hunting down the Treble; one way, is to make the Extremes between the two farthest Bells from the Hunt; and the other, is to make them between the two nearest, as before. A short Example I will set down, the Bells stand thus.— 

1234  
1243  
2143  
2413  
2431  
4231  
4213  
4123  
1423  
1432  
4132  
4312  
4321  
3421  
3412  
3142    
The Treble should now be hunted down, but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed no lower; therefore the first must be an Extreme Change, either between the two nearest, or two farthest Bells from the Hunt at pleasure; the Extreme being made, the Treble is to hunt up, and so to the end of the Peal, in the same course as before.  
In hunting the Second, Third, or Fourth, there is to be observed the same course, as in hunting the Treble: A short Example I will set down, in hunting the Third up, and making the Extreme Changes between the two farthest Bells from it.— 

1234  
1243  
2143  
2134  
2314  
3214    
First, I hunt up the third over the fourth; the Hunt being up, I make an extreme between the treble and second, and then hunt down the third again, as in these changes, which course is to be observed to the end of the Peal.  
I have insisted the longer upon the directions to the Twenty-four changes, because it is the ground and method in Ringing all plain changes; and by understanding this aright, the Learner will more easily apprehend the course of all plain and single changes whatsoever.  
The Twenty-four plain changes are to be Rang sixteen several ways; in hunting one Bell, it is to be Rang four ways; that is, two ways in hunting it up, and the other two ways in hunting it down, (as appears in my directions before in hunting the treble:) so that in hunting the 4 Bells, 'tis to be Rang 4 times 4 ways, which makes 16, some of which I have here set down.  

Treble Hunt up, Extreme between the 2 farthest Bells from it.  
1234  
2134  
2314  
2341  
3241  
3214  
3142  
1324  
1342  
3142  
3412  
3421  
4321  
4312  
4132  
1432  
1423  
4123  
4213  
4231  
2431  
2413  
2143  
1243  
1234   

Second up, extreme between the 2 nearest to it.  
1234  
1324  
1342  
1432  
1423  
1243  
2143  
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4312  
4321  
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2341  
3241  
3421  
3412  
3142  
3124  
3214  
2314  
2134  
1234   

Fourth down, Extreme between the two farthest Bells from it.  
1234  
1243  
1423  
4123  
4132  
1432  
1342  
1324  
3124  
3142  
3412  
4312  
4321  
3421  
3241  
3214  
2314  
2341  
2431  
4231  
4213  
2413  
2143  
2134  
1234   
Some persons do observe to Ring the Twenty-four changes with a whole Hunt, and half Hunt; but that is an imperfect course; for there cannot be one half hunt only, but there will unavoidably be three half Hunts in one and the same Twenty-four; therefore I have set down the other way to ring it, by observing a hunt, and three extreme Bells, which course is much more easy and true.  
In the Twenty-four Changes are contained the six Changes; the three Extreme Bells in the Twenty-four, makes the six Changes in course, every extreme change being one of the six, and the Hunt hunting through each of the six Changes, makes Twenty-four: For Example, take the three Extreme Bells in the first Twenty-four set down before, which are 234, and set down the six Changes on them, thus.— 

234  
324  
342  
432  
423  
243  
234    
Now take the first Change, which is 234, set the Treble before it, and hunt it through, thus.— 

1234  
2134  
2314  
2341    
The Treble being hunted up behind, take the next Change of the six, which is 324, set it directly under the First, and hunt the Treble down through it, thus.— 

3241  
3214  
3124  
1324    
And so take each of the other six Changes, and hunt the Treble through them, it will make Twenty-four.  
I will here insert two or three old Peals on five Bells, which (though rejected in these days, yet) in former times were much in use, which for Antiquity sake, I here set down. And first,   

The Twenty all over.  
The course is this— every Bell hunts in order once through the Bells, until it comes behind them; and first the Treble hunts up, next the Second, and then the 3 4 and 5, which brings the Bells round in their right places again, at the end of the Twenty Changes, as in this following Peal.— 

12345  
21345  
23145  
23415  
23451  
32451  
34251  
34521  
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43512  
45312  
45132  
45123  
54123  
51423  
51243  
51234  
15234  
12534  
12354  
12345    
This Peal is to be Rang, by hunting the Bells down, beginning with the Tenor, next the fourth, and so the third, second, and treble, which will bring the Bells round in course as before.   

An Eight and Forty.  
In this Peal, the Fifth and Fourth are both whole Hunts, each of which does hunt down before the Bells by turns, and lies there twice together and then hunts up again: The 1, 2 and 3 goes the six changes, one of which is made every time, either of the whole Hunt's lies before the Bells, as in the following Changes, where the fifth hunts down the first; and lying before the Bells, there is a change made between the 1 & 2, which is one of the six changes; and then the fifth hunts up again into its place, and the fourth hunts down, which lying before the Bells, there is another of the six changes made between the 1 and 3, and then the fourth hunts up again, and the fifth hunts down next; in which course it continues to the end of the Peal, each of the whole Hunt's lying but twice at one time before the Bells, as in these following changes.  

12345  
12354  
12534  
15234  
51234  
52134  
25134  
21534  
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14235  
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12345    

Cambridge Eight and Forty.  
Wherein it is observed, that the Treble and Second does never come behind, neither does the Fifth and Fourth come before, as in the following Changes.  

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The Plain Changes on five Bells.  
There are sixscore Changes to be Rang on five Bells, which are to be Rang, by observing a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extreme Bells; the course of the whole Hunt, is the same with the Hunt in the Twenty-four Changes, and hunts up and down in the same manner. The half Hunt moves once, that is, over one Bell every time, the whole Hunt comes before and behind the Bells; but when the half Hunt is removed either before or behind the Extreme Bells, than there is an Extreme Change to be made. For Example, I make the Treble the whole Hunt, and hunt it up; and the Second the half Hunt, and half hunt it up, making every Extreme Change between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt; the Extreme Bells are the Third, Fourth, Fifth: Now observe, that whereas in the Twenty-four Changes, an Extreme Change was always made, when the whole Hunt came before or behind the Bells, in these sixscore Changes an Extreme is always to be made, when the half Hunt comes before or behind the Extreme Bells; first the Treble is to be hunted up, as in these Changes.— 

12345  
21345  
23145  
23415  
23451    
The whole Hunt being hunted up, the Second, which is the half Hunt, must be hunted up over one Bell, as in this Change.— 

32451    
The half Hunt being removed up over one Bell, the whole Hunt must be hunted down again, as in these Changes.— 

32415  
32145  
31245  
13245    
The whole Hunt being hunted down, the half Hunt is to be removed up over the Fourth, which is the next Bell to it.— 

13425    
The whole Hunt is to hunt up as before.— 

31425  
34125  
34215  
34251    
Now the half Hunt is to be hunted up over the Fifth, which is the next Bell to it, thus.— 

34521    
Here the Second, which is the half Hunt, is removed quite up behind the Extreme Bells; yet the Extreme Change is not to be made, until the whole Hunt has removed down through the Bells, as in these Changes.— 

34512  
34152  
31452  
13452    
And it is a constant Rule, that whensoever the half Hunt has removed up behind the Extreme Bells, or down before them, the whole Hunt must hunt through the Bells, before the Extreme Change is made, as in the last Change but four, which is 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. the Second being the half Hunt, is removed up behind the 3, 4, and 5. which are the Extreme Bells; and then the whole Hunt being behind, hunts immediately down; and now the Extreme Change is to be made between the 3, and 4. which are the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt, as in this Change.— 

14352    
The Extreme being made, the whole Hunt and half Hunt and ●o remove again; and first the whole Hunt must be hunted up.— 

41352  
43152  
43512  
43521    
Now the half Hunt is to be hunted down under one Bell, thus.— 

43251    
The half Hunt being removed, the whole Hunt is to be hunted down.— 

43215  
43125  
41325  
14325    
The half Hunt is to be removed down under another Bell, as in this Change.— 

14235    
Now I hunt up the Treble.— 

41235  
42135  
42315  
42351    
The Treble being hunted up, I hunt down the Second before the Extreme Bells.— 

24351    
Now I hunt down the Treble again, and then make the Extreme Change, as in these Changes.— 

24315  
24135  
21435  
12435  
12453    
The last is the Extreme Change, which is made between the Third and Fifth; and this course is to be observed to the end of the sixscore Changes, which is set do●● at large at the end of the directions to this Peal.  
Another short Example I will insert, which is Second down, and Fourth up, (for that is the common Phrase amongst Ringers) whereby 'tis always to be observed, that the first Bell which is named, is the whole Hunt, and the second that is named, is the half Hunt, as herein you may perceive; where Second down, is meant, that the Second Bell is the whole Hunt, and to hunt down the first Change; and the Fourth Bell is the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bell the first time it moves at the beginning of the Peal; which are only directions in making the first Changes, for one whole Hunt and half Hunt may be hunted several ways, either up or down at pleasure. First, I hunt down the Second.— 

12345  
21345    
The Second being hunted down, the Fourth, which is the half Hunt, must be removed up over one Bell, thus.— 

21354    
The half Hunt being removed, I must hunt up the Second, as in these Changes.— 

12354  
13254  
13524  
13542  
31542  
31524  
31254  
32154  
23154  
23145    
Now the Fourth, which is the half Hunt, being behind the Extreme Bells, the next is to be an Extreme Change, which may be made either between the two farthest Bells from the half Hunt, or the two nearest to it; and after the Extreme Change is made, the whole Hunt and half Hunt must be hunted as before. These sixscore Changes of Second and Fourth, I have set down at large, at the end of my directions to these Changes on five Bells.  
In every sixscore, the Extreme Changes may be made either between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt, or between the two nearest to it, observing to make all the Extremes in one sixscore alike; that is, if you make the first Extreme Change between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt, you must make all the following Extremes in the same Six score between the two farthest Extreme Bells also; or if you make the first Extreme in any sixscore between the two nearest to the half Hunt, you must make all the following Extremes in the same sixscore between the two nearest also.  
The sixscore plain and single Changes, are to be Rang Eight-score several ways; for although there are but sixscore several Changes on five Bells, yet by altering the whole Hunt, the half Hunt, and Extremes, the course of the Changes are so altered, that the same Changes do not come all along together in any two of those Eight-score ways.  
With one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, the sixscore Changes are to be Rang, or set down eight several ways; one way, is by hunting the whole Hunt, and half Hunt both up; the second way, is by hunting the whole Hunt and half Hunt both down; the third way, is in hunting the whole Hunt up, and the half Hunt down; the fourth way, is by hunting the whole Hunt down, and the half Hunt up; each of these four ways is to be Rang two ways more; one is, in making the Extremes between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt, and the other way is in making them between the two nearest; for Example, in making the treble the whole Hunt, and second the half Hunt, the sixscore are to be Rang eight several ways (viz.)  

Extreme Changes to be made between the 2 farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt.  
Treble and second both up—  
Treble and second both down—  
Treble down, and second up—  
Treble up, and second down—   

Extreme Changes to be made between the two nearest Extreme Bells to the half Hunt, which is called Mediums.  
Treble and second both up—  
Treble and second both down—  
Treble down, and second up—  
Treble up, and second down—   
On five Bells there are 20 Hunts, (i. e.) a whole Hunt, and half Hunt twenty times, and not one; and the same whole Hunt, and half Hunt twice, as appears by the following Figures, where they stand two and two together; one of which is the whole Hunt, and the other the half Hunt: for Example, the 2 highest Figures are 1.2 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt. The two next Figures are 1.3 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the third the half Hunt; and likewise the two last, or lowest Figures, are 5.4 the fifth is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt; and so of all the rest, the first Figure representing the whole Hunt, and the next to it the half Hunt.  

1.2  
1.3  
1.4  
1.5  
2.1  
2.3  
2.4  
2.5  
3.1  
3.2  
3.4  
3.5  
4.1  
4.2  
4.3  
4.5  
5.1  
5.2  
5.3  
5.4   
So that here being twenty Hunts, and every one making eight Sixscores (as in the Example of treble and second) that is twenty (which are the number of Hunt's;) multiplied by eight (which are the number of Sixscores made by each Hunt) does produce Eight-score several ways to Ring the sixscore Changes.  
In the sixscore Changes are comprehended the Twenty-four, and the Six Changes: The Twenty-four Changes are made between the half Hunt, and the three Extreme Bells; and the Six are made between the Extreme Bells alone: The half Hunt in the sixscore, is the whole Hunt in the Twenty-four; and there is one Change in the Twenty-four made every time the whole Hunt comes before and behind the Bells; and one Change in the Six made every Extreme: So that the sixscore rightly understood, is nothing else but hunting the half Hunt through every Change of the Six, which makes Twenty-four Changes; and then hunting the whole Hunt through each Change of the Twenty-four, which makes sixscore; for instance, in the first sixscore before set down, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the 345 the Extreme Bells.  
I take the Extreme Bells, and set down the six Changes on them thus.— 

345  
435  
453  
543  
534  
354  
345    
Now I take the first of the six, which is 345, and set the second (which was the half Hunt in the sixscore) to it, and hunt it up behind thus.— 

2345  
3245  
3425  
3452    
Now I take the second Change of the six, which is 435, and set it directly under 345, and the second Bell to it, and hunt it down thus.— 

4352  
4325  
4235  
2435    
The second being hunted through the Change, I take the third Change in the six, which is 453, and hunt the second Bell through it, as before.— 

2453  
4253  
4523  
4532    
And in the same course, the second being hunted through each Change of the six, will make Twenty-four, one Change of the six, hunting the second Bell through it, makes four Changes; so that the six Changes by hunting the second through each of them, will make six times four Changes (i. e.) Twenty-four. And now hunt the Treble through each of the Twenty-four Changes, and 'twill make sixscore; the first of the Twenty-four is 2345, take the Treble, and hunt it through it thus.— 

12345  
21345  
23145  
23415  
23451    
Now take the next Change of the Twenty-four, which is 3245, set it under the other Change, and hunt the Treble through it thus.— 

32451  
32415  
32145  
31245  
13245    
And in the same manner, hunting the Treble through each Change of the Twenty-four, will produce Twenty-four times five Changes, which makes sixscore; one Change of the Twenty-four (in hunting the Treble through it) makes five Changes.  
In every sixscore on 5 Bells, there are 6 Extreme Changes, there being twenty Changes from one Extreme to another.  
It would be an endless undertaking to set down all these Peals at large, but for the convenience of the Learner, I have set down some part of several of them, which may with ease be pricked out to the end of each Peal, as the Learner pleases.  
Note, That in the following Peals there is a Line drawn at each Extreme Change between the Figures, to show where the Extremes are made; as in the next Peal there is a Line drawn between the Figures just 20 Changes from the beginning of the Peal, the Change next after the Line is the Extreme Change, which is 14352, and so of the rest; the Change next following each Line is the Extreme.  

Treble and second both up, Extreme between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt.  
12345  
21345  
23145  
23415  
23451  
32451  
32415  
32145  
31245  
13245  
13425  
31425  
34125  
34215  
34251  
34521  
34512  
34152  
31452  
13452  
—  
14352  
41352  
43152  
43512  
43521  
43251  
43215  
43125  
41325  
14325  
14235  
41235  
42135  
42315  
42351  
24351  
24315  
24135  
21435  
12435  
—  
12453  
21453  
24153  
24513  
24531  
42531  
42513  
42153  
41253  
14253  
14523  
41523  
45123  
45213  
45231  
45321  
45312  
45132  
41532  
14532  
—  
15432  
51432  
54132  
54312  
54321  
54231  
54213  
54123  
51423  
15423  
15243  
51243  
52143  
52413  
52431  
25431  
25413  
25143  
21543  
12543  
—  
12534  
21534  
25134  
25314  
25341  
52341  
52314  
52134  
51234  
15234  
15324  
51324  
53124  
53214  
53241  
53421  
53412  
53142  
51342  
15342  
—  
13542  
31542  
35142  
35412  
35421  
35241  
35214  
35124  
31524  
13524  
13254  
31254  
32154  
32514  
32541  
23541  
23514  
23154  
21354  
12354  
—  
12345   

Treble up, fifth down, Extremes between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt.  
12345  
21345  
23145  
23415  
23451  
23541  
23514  
23154  
21354  
12354  
12534  
21534  
25134  
25314  
25341  
52341  
52314  
52134  
51234  
15234  
—  
15243  
51243  
52143  
52413  
52431  
25431  
25413  
25143  
21543  
12543  
12453  
21453  
24153  
24513  
24531  
24351  
24315  
24135  
21435  
12435  
—  
14235  
41235  
42135  
42315  
42351  
42531  
42513  
42153  
41253  
14253  
14523  
41523  
45123  
45213  
45231  
54231  
54213  
54123  
51423  
15423  
—  
15432  
51432  
54132  
54312  
54321  
45321  
45312  
45132  
41532  
14532  
14352  
41352  
43152  
43512  
43521  
43251  
43215  
43125  
41325  
14325  
—  
13425  
31425  
34125  
34215  
34251  
34521  
34512  
34152  
31452  
13452  
13542  
31542  
35142  
35412  
35421  
53421  
53412  
53142  
51342  
15342  
—  
15324  
51324  
53124  
53214  
53241  
35241  
35214  
35124  
31524  
13524  
13254  
31254  
32154  
32514  
32541  
32451  
32415  
32145  
31245  
13245  
—  
12345   

Second down, and fourth up, Extreme between the two farthest Bells from the half Hunt.  
12345  
21345  
21354  
12354  
13254  
13524  
13542  
—  
31542  
31524  
31254  
32154  
23154  
23145  
32145  
31245  
31425  
31452  
34152  
34125  
34215  
32415  
23415  
24315  
42315  
43215  
43125  
43152  
—  
43512  
43521  
43251  
42351  
24351  
23451   

Second and third both down, Extreme between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt.  
12345  
21345  
23145  
32145  
31245  
31425  
31452  
—  
31542  
31524  
31254  
32154  
23154  
21354  
12354  
13254  
13524  
13542  
15342  
15324  
15234  
12534  
21534  
21543  
12543  
15243  
15423  
15432  
51432  
51423  
51243  
52143   

Third and fifth both up, Extreme between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the half Hunt.  
12345  
12435  
12453  
—  
21453  
21435  
21345  
23145  
32145  
32154  
23154  
21354  
21534  
21543  
25143  
25134  
25314  
23514  
32514  
35214  
53214  
52314  
52134  
52143  
—  
52413  
52431   

Fourth down, Treble up, Extreme between the two nearest Extreme Bells to the half Hunt.  
12345  
12435  
14235  
41235  
42135  
24135  
21435  
21345  
21354  
23154  
23145  
23415  
24315  
42315  
42351  
24351  
23451  
23541  
23514  
—  
25314  
24531  
42513  
24513  
25413  
25143  
25134  
21534  
21543  
21453  
24153  
42153  
41253  
14253  
12453  
12534  
12534  
—  
15234  
15243  
15423  
14523  
41523  
45123  
54123  
51423  
51243  
51234  
52134  
52143  
52413  
54213  
45213  
45231  
54231  
52431  
52341  
52314  
—  
53214  
53241   

Fifth down, triple up, Extreme Changes between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the Half Hunt.  
12345  
12354  
12534  
15234  
51234  
52134  
25134  
21534  
21354  
21345  
23145  
23154  
23514  
25314  
52314  
52341  
25341  
23541  
23451  
23415  
32415  
32451  
32541  
35241  
53241  
53214  
35214  
32514  
32154  
32145  
31245  
31254   

Treble & second both down.  
12345  
12354  
21354  
23154  
23514  
23541  
32541  
32514  
32154  
31254  
13254  
13524  
31524  
35124  
35214  
35241  
35421   

Second & treble both down.  
12345  
21345  
21354  
12354  
13254  
13524  
13542  
31542  
31524  
31254  
32154  
23154  
23514  
32514  
35214  
35124  
35142  
35412    

The Changes on six Bells.  
On six Bells there are Seven-hundred and twenty Changes to be made; but there are Peals of sixscore and Twelvescore Changes to be Rang on them. The sixscore Changes are to be made, by observing a whole Hunt and half Hunt, which are to be hunted in the same course, as in the sixscore on five Bells, and the Exrream Changes to be made by the same Rule as they were on five Bells. The only difference between the sixscore on six Bells, and those on five, are this; whereas on five there are but three Extreme Bells, on six there are four Extreme Bells. And on five Bells, there are six Extreme Changes in every sixscore; but on six, there are but four Extreme Changes. And moreover, whereas in every sixscore on five Bells, the Changes were the same in each, although altered in course; but the Changes on six Bells are not the same in each, for several Sixscores has several Changes, one sixscore having many Changes which another has not, as in this Peal, treble and second both up; which is, 

123456  
213456  
231456  
234156  
234516  
234561  
324561  
324516  
324156  
321456  
312456  
132456  
134256  
314256  
341256  
342156  
342516  
342561  
345261  
345216  
345126  
341526  
314526  
134526  
134562  
314562  
341562  
345162  
345612  
345621  
—  
435621  
435612  
435162  
431562  
413562  
143562  
143526  
413526  
431526  
435126  
435216  
435261  
432561  
432516  
432156  
431256  
413256  
143256  
142356  
412356  
421356  
423156  
423516  
423561  
243561  
243516  
243156  
241356  
214356  
124356  
—  
124365  
214365  
241365  
243165  
243615  
243651  
423651  
423615  
423165  
421365  
412365  
142365  
143265  
413265  
431265  
432165  
432615  
432651  
436251  
436215  
436125  
431625  
413625  
143625  
143652  
413652  
431652  
436152  
436512  
436521  
—  
346521  
346512  
346152  
341652  
314652  
134652  
134625  
314625  
341625  
346125  
346215  
346251  
342651  
342615  
342165  
341265  
314265  
134265  
132465  
312465  
321465  
324165  
324615  
324651  
234651  
234615  
234165  
231465  
213465  
123465  
—  
123456    
There are other Peals to be Rang on six Bells, as Sixscores on the five smallest, the tenor lying behind all the way. Treble and second, or treble and fifth, with the tenor lying behind, makes very good Music: Of which Peals I need not give you any Example, these Sixscores being the same with those on five Bells set down before.  
The Twelvescore Changes being only part of the Seven-hundred and twenty, and consequently the course of each being one and the same, I will therefore show the course and method of the Seven-hundred and twenty, wherein the Twelvescore Changes are also included.  
In Ringing the Seven-hundred and Twenty, there is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, a quarter Hunt, and three Extreme Bells; the whole Hunt and half Hunt does hunt in the same course and method, as they did in the sixscore on five Bells, and in the last sixscore; and the quarter Hunt removes in the same course under the half Hunt, as the half Hunt does under the whole Hunt: for instance, when the whole Hunt is hunted either before or behind the Bells, than the half Hunt removes over one Bell; and when the half Hunt is removed before or behind the quarter Hunt and Extreme Bells (at which time in a sixscore the Extreme is made) then the quarter Hunt removes over one Bell, in the same course as the half hunt moves, when the whole Hunt is before or behind. An Example I will set down, which is 1.2 and 3 all up, that is to say, treble the whole Hunt, and to hunt up, second the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, and third the quarter Hunt, and to quarter hunt up 4, 5 and 6 are Extreme Bells; there is always an Extreme Change to be made, when the quarter Hunt comes before or behind the Extreme Bells, there are two ways to make the Extremes, which are the same here, as in the sixscore on five, and made by the same Rule, I will here make it between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the quarter Hunt. Now the treble and second being the whole Hunt and half Hunt, must be hunted in the same course, as in the sixscore on five Bells, after this manner.  

123456  
213456  
231456  
234156  
234516  
234561  
324561  
324516  
324156  
321456  
312456  
132456  
134256  
314256  
341256  
342156  
342516  
342561  
345261  
345216  
345126  
341526  
314526  
134526  
134562  
314562  
341562  
345162  
345612  
345621   
The half Hunt being hunted up, the third is to remove up over one Bell, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to remove again thus.  

435621  
435612  
435162  
431562  
413562  
143562  
143526  
413526  
431526  
435126  
435216  
435261  
432561  
432516  
432156  
431256  
413256  
143256  
142356  
412356  
421356  
423156  
423516  
423561  
243561  
243516  
243156  
241356  
214356  
124356   
The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted down, the quarter Hunt must remove up over the fifth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt up again, as in the following Changes.  

124536  
214536  
241536  
245136  
245316  
245361  
425361  
425316  
425136  
421536  
412536  
142536  
145236  
415236  
451236  
452136  
452316  
452361  
453261  
453216  
453126  
351326  
415326  
145326  
145362  
415362  
451362  
453162  
453612  
453621   
The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter Hunt must be removed quite up over the sixth, as in this Change 456321, the quarter Hunt being hunted up behind the Extreme Bells, yet the Extreme Change is not to be made, until the whole Hunt and half Hunt have both removed through the Bells, as in these Changes.  

456312  
456132  
451632  
415632  
145632  
145623  
415623  
451623  
456123  
456213  
456231  
452631  
452613  
452163  
451263  
415263  
145263  
142563  
412563  
421563  
425163  
425613  
425631  
245631  
245613  
245163  
241563  
214563  
124563   
It is to be observed for a constant Rule, that when the quarter Hunt removes either quite up behind the Extreme Bells, or down before them, the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt through the Bells before the Extreme Change is to be made, as appears by the last Changes.  
The Extreme Change is now to be made between the 4 and 5, being the two farthest Extreme Bells from the third, which is the quarter Hunt, thus.— 

125463    
The Extreme being made, the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt must be hunted as before; and first the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to be hunted up, as in these Changes.  

215463  
251463  
254163  
254613  
254631  
524631  
524613  
524163  
521463  
512463  
152463  
154263  
514263  
541263  
542163  
542613  
542631  
546231  
546213  
546123  
541623  
514623  
154623  
154632  
514632  
541632  
546132  
546312  
546321   
The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter Hunt must hunt down under the sixth, which is the next Bell to it, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt down again, as in the Changes following.  

543621  
543612  
543162  
541362  
514362  
154362  
154326  
514326  
541326  
543126  
543216  
543261  
542361  
542316  
542136  
541236  
514236  
154236  
152436  
512436  
521436  
524136  
524316  
524361  
254361  
254316  
254136  
251436  
215436  
125436   
The quarter Hunt must be hunted down under the Fourth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to hunt up again, as appears by these Changes.  

125346  
215346  
251346  
253146  
253416  
253461  
523461  
523416  
523146  
521346  
512346  
152346  
153246  
513246  
531246  
532146  
532416  
532461  
534261  
534216  
534126  
531426  
513426  
153426  
153462  
513462  
531462  
534162  
534612  
534621   
Now the quarter Hunt is to be hunted down before the Extreme Bells, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to hunt again before the Extreme Change is made.  

354621  
354612  
354162  
351462  
315462  
135462  
135426  
315426  
351426  
354126  
354216  
354261  
352461  
352416  
352146  
351246  
315246  
135246  
132546  
312546  
321546  
325146  
325416  
325461  
235461  
235416  
235146  
231546  
213546  
123546   
The quarter Hunt being before the Extreme Bells, the Extreme Change is to be made:  
Here are just Twelvescore Changes already set down, and the Bells may either be brought round, and so make an end at the Twelvescore, or else proceed forward to the end of the Seven hundred and twenty. If the Bells are not brought round here, they cannot come round, until the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are all made, and then they come round in course. To bring the Bells round at the end of these Twelvescore Changes, the Extreme is to be made between the 5 and 4, which were the two Bells that made the last Extreme Change, and brings them round in their right places again, as appears by these Figures 123456.  
There are but two Extreme Changes in every Twelvescore, wherein 'tis constantly observed, that the last Extreme Change is to be made between those two Bells which made the first Extreme, otherwise the Bells would not come round at the end of the Twelvescore.  
Here I have somewhat deviated from my directions before, in making the Extreme Changes; for in the last Change, which is 123456, I made the Extreme between the two nearest Extreme Bells to the quarter Hunt; but the Twelvescore Changes are an imperfect Peal, being only a third part of the Changes which are to be made on six Bells, and therefore not to be brought round, unless the last Extreme Change is made out of course. To have proceeded forward in the 720, the last Extreme should have been made between the 4 and 6, which are the two farthest Extreme Bells from the quarter Hunt, the Change next before the Extreme, is 123456; now the 4 and 6 making an Extreme Change, the Bells stand thus, 123564; the Extreme being made, the whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt are to be hunted as before, and the Extreme Changes to be made between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the quarter hunt, which course will bring the Bells round in their right places at the end of the 720. In every 720, there are six Extreme Changes, there being sixscore Changes between each. The Twelvescore Changes are to be Rang with any whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt, observing to make the last Extreme Change between those two Bells which made the first.  
The 720 plain Changes are to be rang or set down One thousand four hundred and forty several ways, by altering the whole hunt, half hunt, quarter hunt, and Extreme Bells (but the course of each is the same with that which is before set down) which I thus demonstrate. On 6 Bells, there are 120 several hunts, (viz.) a whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt sixscore several times, and not one and the same whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt twice, as appears by these Figures.— 

123  
124  
125  
126  
132  
134  
135  
136  
142  
143  
145  
146  
152  
153  
154  
156  
162  
163  
164  
165  
—  
213  
214  
215  
216  
231  
234  
235  
236  
241  
243  
245  
246  
251  
253  
254  
256  
261  
263  
264  
265  
—  
312  
314  
315  
316  
321  
324  
325  
326  
341  
342  
345  
346  
351  
352  
354  
356  
361  
362  
364  
365  
—  
412  
413  
415  
416  
421  
423  
425  
426  
431  
432  
435  
436  
451  
452  
453  
456  
461  
462  
463  
465  
—  
512  
513  
514  
516  
521  
523  
524  
526  
531  
532  
534  
536  
541  
542  
543  
546  
561  
562  
563  
564  
—  
612  
613  
614  
615  
621  
623  
624  
625  
631  
632  
634  
635  
641  
642  
643  
645  
651  
652  
653  
654  
—    
These Figures stand three and three together, each three represents the three Hunts; that is, the first is the whole Hunt, the second Figure the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt; for Example, the first three are 123, the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter The next three Figures are 124, there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt; and the last three Figures are 654, where the sixth is the whole Hunt, the fifth the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so of all the rest.  
With one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are to be Rang, or set down twelve several ways; for instance, take the first three Hunts in these Figures, which are 123, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt, which may be hunted six several ways, as followeth.  

Treble, second and third, all up-—  
Treble and second up, third down-  
Treble up, second and third down  
Treble, second and third, all down-  
Treble and second down, third up-  
treble down, second and third up—   
Each of these are to be Rang two ways, one is to make the Extremes between the two farthest Extreme Bells from the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the Extreme between the two next Bells to the quarter Hunt.  
By treble, second and third all up, is meant, that the treble is the whole hunt, and to hunt up the first Change at the beginning of the Peal; the second is the half hunt, and to half hunt up; that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bells the first time it moves at the beginning of the Peal; and the third is the quarter hunt, and to move likewise toward the hindmost Bells the first time it removes. And by treble and second up, and third down, is meant, that the treble and second are to move up towards the hindmost Bell, the first time each removes at the beginning of the Peal; and the third being the quarter hunt, is to move down the first time, which are only directions for moving the hunts at first, because they may be hunted either up or down.  
Sometimes it happens, that the hunts cannot be hunted that way which is proposed, as in the 720, treble, second and third all down.— 

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The whole hunt which is the treble, should now be hunted down; but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed no lower; I should therefore remove the half hunt down, but that being also down as low as it can go, I should move the quarter hunt; and that being also down before the Extreme Bells, I can move it no lower, unless I should move it down under the second, which is the half hunt, which must not be done; for when the quarter hunt is down next before the Extreme Bell, it must be removed no lower; and when it is up next behind the Extreme Bell, it is to be removed up no higher; therefore it being now before the Extreme Bell, the Extreme Change is to be made the first of all; and when that is done, the treble, second and third must be hunted up in course. Or if you make treble and second down, and third up, than the first Change is to be made, by moving the quarter Hunt up over one Bell. And again, if you make Treble and Tenor both up, and Third down, first hunt up the Treble, and then the Tenor, which is the half Hunt, should be moved up; but it being already behind, the quarter Hunt, which is the Third, must move under one Bell, and then the whole Hunt and half are to hunt in course after each other: Many Examples of this Nature I could set down, which for brevity sake I omit.  
I might demonstrate how the 720 are to be Rang twelve ways, with each of the sixscore Hunts, as I did that of treble, second and third; but I think that altogether needless, since that Example makes it most plain and easy to be understood: But I will give a general Rule for hunting any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, so as to produce six several ways to Ring the 720 Changes, which is this: 

Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, all hunted up.  
Whole Hunt, and half Hunt hunted up, and quarter Hunt down.  
Whole Hunt hunted up, half Hunt and quarter Hunt down.  
Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt hunted down.  
Whole Hunt and half Hunt hunted down, and quarter Hunt up.  
Whole Hunt hunted down, half Hunt and quarter Hunt hunted up.   Which is a general Rule to Ring the 720 six ways on any one of the sixscore Hunts; each of which six ways, may be Rang two ways more, by altering the Extreme Changes, one of which is to make the Extreme Changes between the two next Extreme Bells to the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the Extremes between the two farthest Extreme Bells from it.  
The 720 Changes are to be Rang 12 ways with one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; so that with the sixscore Hunts, it is to be Rang sixscore times twelve ways, which makes One thousand four hundred and forty several ways to Ring this 720 plain Changes.  
In the 720, the half Hunt, the quarter Hunt, and the three Extreme Bells, makes the sixscore Changes on 5 Bells in a perfect course, the half Hunt and quarter hunt in the 720, being the whole Hunt and half Hunt in the sixscore; for Example, take the 23456, and set down the sixscore Changes on them, making the second the whole hunt, and the third the half hunt; which when you have set down, then take the Treble, and hunt it through every Change of that sixscore, and it will make 720 Changes, the same with those which I have set down before. The Twenty-four Changes on four Bells, and the six changes on three Bells, have also a perfect course in the 720, in the same manner as I told you they had in the Sixscores on five Bells. There is always one change in the sixscore made every time the whole hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is every sixth change; and there's one change of the Twenty-four made, every time the whole hunt and half hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is once in thirty changes; and one change of the six made every extreme, that is once in sixscore changes. You may take the sixscore changes on five bells, treble the whole, and second the half hunt, before set down; and hunt the sixth bell through every change of that sixscore, which will make the 720 changes; Tenor the whole hunt, Treble the half hunt, and Second the quarter hunt.  
This is not material for a Learner to know, it being only for the instructions of those that know how to Ring it, but yet are ignorant of the true grounds thereof; therefore I have dissected it, and showed the grounds of each part of it.   

In this place, I will add a word or two to those that practise to Ring the Changes.  
THey that Ring the extreme bells in the Twenty-four changes, must mind and observe the motion of the hunt, that they may the better know when to make the extreme changes; and likewise in a sixscore on five bells, he that Rings the half hunt, must observe the motion of the whole hunt; and they that Ring the extreme bells, must observe the motions both of the whole hunt, and half hunt, that they may know when the half hunt is to move, and also when to make the extreme changes; or else he that does Ring the half hunt, may give notice of the extreme changes (by saying Extreme) the change next before the extreme is to be made. The same is to be observed in the changes on six bells. The whole hunt is the easiest bell to Ring in any changes, and the half hunt is more plain and easy to Ring, than an extreme bell. All changes are to be Rang either by walking them (as the term is) or else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By walking them, is meant, that the bells go round, four, six, eight times, or more, in one change, which is commonly used by young Practisers; it may be sometimes on five bells, Ringing the Twenty-four changes on the treble, second, third, and fourth, the fifth bell striking behind every change; and many other changes of the like nature may be practised this way by young Ringers. Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke, and in a change; so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time, but of late there is a more quick and ready way practised, called Half-pulls, which is— only once round in a change, that is, one change made at the Fore-stroke, and another at the Back-stroke, which way is now altogether in use (unless it be at some great bells, which are too weighty to be managed up so high a Compass at the Back-stroke, as Half-pulls requires) it being now a common thing in London to Ring the 720 Changes, Trebles and Doubles, and Grandsire Bob, Half-pulls, (which is commonly Rang with so round and quick a Compass, that in the space of half an hour, or little more, the 720 Changes are Rang out from the beginning to the end.) And also the Sixscores Doubles and Singles, Old Doubles, Grandsire, and many other cross Peals on five bells, are commonly Rang Half-pulls.  
In Ringing Half-pulls, some Peals do cut Compass, that is— the whole hunt comes to lead at the Back-stroke, to remedy which, make the first change of the Peal at the Back-stroke.  
By these following Rules, you shall know what Peals do cut Compass, and what not (i. e.) of plain and single changes. On six Bells,  
In hunting either the treble, the third, or the fifth bells down, cuts Compass; hunting them up, does not cut Compass.  
In hunting the second, fourth, or sixth bells up, cuts Compass; but hunting them down, does not cut Compass.  
These Rules (leaving out the Tenor) serves for five bells; and leaving out the fifth and Tenor, they serve for four bells.   

The Twelve score LONG-HUNTS: Or the ESQVIRE'S Twelvescore.  
THis Peal is to be Rang on six bells, having two whole hunts, and one half hunt; the common way of Ringing, it is to make the fifth and Tenor the whole hunts, and the Treble the half hunt. The Tenor and fifth does each hunt down by turns, and when either of them comes down before the bells, it leads twice, and then hunts up again.  
The Treble, second, third, and fourth, makes the Twenty-four changes, one of which is made every time either of the whole hunts leads: For instance, the Tenor is first to be hunted down, thus.— 

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The tenor being hunted down, and lying before the bells, there is one change in the Twenty-four now to be made between treble and second, thus.— 

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The tenor is to be hunted up into its place, and the fifth hunts down.— 

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The fifth being now before the bells, there is another change in the Twenty-four to be made between the treble and third, as in this change.— 

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The fifth is now to hunt up, and the tenor to hunt down again, in which course they continue to the end of the Peal, observing to make an extreme change, when the treble (which is the hunt in the Twenty-four) comes before or behind the extreme bells.  
This Peal may be Rang, by making the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in the place of the Twenty-four plain Changes, and many other ways, which I leave to the Learner to practise.   

The Variety of Changes on any Number of Bells.  
THe changes on bells do multiply infinitely. On two bells there are two changes. On three bells are three times as many changes as there are on two; that is— three times two changes, which makes six. On four bells there are four times as many changes as on three; that is— four times six changes, which makes Twenty-four. On five bells there are five times as many changes as there are on four bells; that is— five times Twenty-four changes, which makes sixscore. On six bells are six times as many changes as there are on five; that is— six times sixscore changes, which makes Seven-hundred and twenty: And in the same manner, by increasing the number of bells, they multiply innumerably, as in the Table of Figures next following; where each of the Figures in the Column of the left hand, standing directly under one another (which are 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.) do represent the number of bells; and the Figures going along towards the right-hand, directly from each of those twelve Figures, are the number of changes to be rung on that number of bells which the Figure represents: For Example, the uppermost Figure on the left hand is 2, which stands for two bells; and the Figure next to it on the right hand is also 2, which stands for two changes; that is to say, on two bells there are two changes. The next Figure below in the left Column is 3, which stands for three Bells; and the Figure next to it on the right hand is 6, which stands for six changes; that is— on three bells are six changes, and so of the rest as follows.  
bells 
changes.  2 
2  3 
6  4 
24  5 
120  6 
7●0  7 
5040  8 
40320  9 
362880  10 
3628800  11 
39916800  12 
479001600   
The lowest of these figures are 479001600, that is, Four hundred seventy nine Millions, one thousand six hundred, which are all the changes that can be made on twelve bells: And supposing that twelve men should take 12 bells with intent to ring the changes on them, they would be Seventy five Years, ten Months, one Week and three Days in ringing them, according to the proportion of ringing 720 changes in an hour; reckoning 24 hours to the day, and 365 days in the Year.  
Having given Directions for all sorts of plain and single Changes, I will now proceed to Cross-Peals, and first to Doubles and Singles on four Bells.   

Doubles and Singles on four Bells.  
ON four bells there are 24 changes to be made Doubles and Singles, wherein are twelve double changes, and 12 single; next to every double change, there is a single; so that 2 double changes do not come together in any place throughout the Peal, neither does two single changes at any time come together; but one change is double, and the next is single, to the end of the Peal. Every double change is made between the four bells; that is— there are two changes made at one time, between the bells in treble and seconds places, and the bells in third and fourth's places. Every single change is made between the two bells in the middle (i. e.) in seconds and thirds places; excepting the extreme changes, which are single, and made between the two farthest extreme bells from the Hunt. An Example I here set down, making the treble the Hunt, and I hunt it up at the beginning of the Peal (for it may be hunted either up or down at pleasure) and I make an extreme change every time the whole Hunt comes before the bells. In ringing it, 'tis observed, that every bell hunts in course, and lies twice before, and twice behind, except only when the extreme is to be made, and then the two farthest extreme bells from the Hunt, does make a dodge, and then moves in their former course, as in these changes.— 

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Now the hunt is before the bells, there is an extreme change made between the two farthest bells from it, which are the 2 and 4, thus.— 

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The extreme change being made, the bells are to move, as before, observing to make an extreme change every time the whole hunt comes before the bells.  
In this last Twenty-four, the treble is hunted up at the beginning; it may be rang by hunting it down, which is to be done, by making the first a single change, and then hunt it up as before.  
With one hunt this Peal may be rang six ways (viz.) three ways in hunting it up at the beginning of each Peal, and the other three ways by hunting it down; the three ways in hunting it up, differs only in making the extreme changes; in one of the three ways you must make an extreme change every time the hunt comes before the bells to lead, as in the Twenty-four changes before set down. Another way is to make an extreme every time the hunt comes behind. And the third way, is to make an extreme every time the hunt comes before and behind the bells. The three ways in hunting it down, are to be rang by making the extreme changes, as in the three ways before; in hunting one bell, there are six ways to ring this Peal; therefore with the four bells (in makng each of them to hunt) there are four times six ways to ring it, which makes Twenty-four several ways. And for the benefit of the Learner, I have set down certain Rules, showing how to begin any of the aforesaid Peals (viz.)  
In hunting either the treble or third up, the first change is double; but in hunting either of them down, the first is single.  
In hunting the second or the fourth up, the first change is single; but in hunting either of them down, the first change in each Peal must be double.   

Doubles and Singles on five Bells.  
THere is a Peal to be rang on five bells, called Doubles and Singles, wherein are sixscore several changes, sixty of which are double changes, and sixty are single; the double and single changes are so intermixed, that two double changes does not at any time come together in the sixscore; neither are two single changes made next to each other in any part of this Peal, but one change is double, and the next single, in which course they are made to the end. Every double change is made between the four foremost bells (i. e.) in treble, second, third, and fourth place. When the whole hunt is hunting up, each single change is made between the whole hunt, and the next bell above it. In hunting down the single changes are made between the whole hunt, and the next bell below it, the whole hunt being always one of the two bells which makes every single change, except only when it leads, and then the single change is made in third and fourth's places; but the extreme is also a single change, and made (when the whole hunt leads) between the two farthest extreme bells from the half hunt; the half hunt is to lie either before or behind the extreme bells, when the extreme changes are made, of which I shall show you more anon.  
In this Peal there is a whole hunt, a half hunt, and three extreme Bells; the whole hunt in a direct course does hunt up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind all the way; every other bell leads twice together throughout the Peal.  
And when the whole hunt leaves the thirds place, hunting up, than every bell that comes into second and thirds places, does lie in each of those places twice together, until the whole hunt comes down again into thirds place, at which time the bell in fourth's place lies there twice, and then makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place (unless an extreme change is to be made) and so removes directly down before the bells. And that bell which comes into the tenors place (when the whole hunt leaves that place hunting down) lies still there, until the whole hunt removes up into that place again, except only when the extreme is made behind, and then the bell in fourth's place moves into tenors place, and lies there until the whole hunt moves up into that place.  
With one whole hunt, and half hunt, this Peal may be rang six ways, in three of which the whole hunt is to be hunted up at the beginning of each Peal, which three ways differs only in making the extreme changes. One way, is to make an extreme change every time the half hunt comes before the extreme bells, as in the following sixscore. The second way, is to make an extreme change every time the half hunt comes behind the extreme bells. And the third way, is to make an extreme every time, the half hunt comes before and behind the extreme bells. In this last way there are six extremes in each Peal, but in the other two ways there are but three extremes in each Peal.  
The three ways aforesaid, are to be rang, by hunting up the whole hunt; but it may be rang three ways more, in hunting down the same whole hunt, in which three ways the extremes are to be made, as I showed you before. The whole hunt is always to lead when every extreme change is made.  
This Peal I have set down at large, making the treble the whole hunt, the second the half hunt; and an extreme change every time the half hunt comes before the extreme bells, as in the following changes. I have drawn a Line between the figures at the extreme changes, that next below the Line is the extreme.  

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This Peal may be rang sixscore several ways; there being twenty hunts on five bells (that is— a whole hunt, and half hunt twenty times on five bells, and not one and the same whole hunt and half hunt twice, as I showed more at large in the plain changes on five bells before set down) and with each hunt, that is, with one whole hunt and half hunt, it may be rang six ways; so that multiply twenty, (which are the number of hunts) by six, (which are the number of Peals to be rang on each hunt) and it will produce sixscore several ways to ring it.  
It may be pricked, or rang sixscore several ways more, by making the extreme changes when the whole hunt lies behind the bells, but those ways are never practised; neither do I think it material to say any thing more of them in this place, having only inserted this, to show the great variety there is in this Peal. It being somewhat difficult to know the true way of beginning each Peal, I have therefore set down certain Rules, showing how the first changes in each are to be made.  
In hunting the treble, the third, or the fifth bells up, the first change in each Peal is to be made double.  
In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourth's places, unless the half hunt lies so, as that the extreme is to be made.  
In hunting the third or fifth down, the first change is to be made single, between the whole hunt, and the next bell below it.  
In hunting up the second or fourth, the first change in each Peal is single, between the whole hunt, and the next bell above it.  
In hunting down the second or fourth, the first change is to be made double.  
Every double change in all the Peals of Doubles and Singles, is made between the four foremost bells; that is— in treble, second, third and fourth's places.   

Tendring's sixscore on five Bells.  
IN this Peal are contained sixscore changes, which are Doubles and Singles, there being sixty double changes in it, and sixty single, which are so intermixed, that two double changes does not come together in any part of the Peal; neither are there 2 single changes at any time made together, but one change is double, and the next to it is single; in which course the changes are all made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made between the 2 hindmost bells. There is a whole hunt and half hunt in it. The observation in ringing it, is this: When the whole hunt lies before the bells, and is to hunt up, first it moves up into seconds place, where it lies twice; then into thirds place, where it lies also twice; then into the fourth's place, where it lies once; and in the tenors place once: Then it makes a dodge with the bell in fourth's place, after which it lies twice behind; than it moves down into fourth's place, and makes a dodge with the bell in tenors place, and then moves down into thirds place, where it lies twice, and in the seconds place twice, ane than it leads four times; after which, it hunts again, as before. The course of the other four bells, are exactly the same with that of the whole hunt, in moving up and down, except only when the Bob-changes are made, and then they differ; but after the Bobs are made, their course is the same as before; every bell lies four times together before the bells, and twice in the seconds place without any alteration. In this Peal are two sorts of Bobs; one of which is called a double Bob, and the other a single Bob. The Rule for making the double Bob is this, when the whole hunt is hunting down, and lies in the seconds place, and the half hunt lies behind, then there's a double Bob; that is, two Bob-changes; one of which is made the next change, wherein the whole hunt moves down to lead; where having led four times, there is then another Bob-change to be made, in which the whole hunt moves up into the seconds place. The Rule for making the single Bob, is this, when the whole hunt has led four times, and the half hunt lies in thirds place; then the next change following is a single Bob, that is— one Bob-change, in which the whole hunt moves out of the trebles place up into the seconds place, every Bob is a double change, and made between the two first, and two last bells, the bell in thirds place lying still when each Bob is made, where it lies four times together, and then moves down; every time the whole hunt comes before the bells, there is either a single Bob, or a double Bob made. At every double Bob, those two bells that do dodge behind at the first Bob-change, continues dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts them: And likewise at the single Bob, those 2 bells which do dodge behind at the Bob-change, continue dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts them, as in the following changes, where the treble is the whole hunt; the tenor the half hunt, and the first is a Bob-change, being supposed to be the second Bob-change of a double Bob.  

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This Peal was made out of Grandsire on five bells, the Bob-changes in this, being the same with those in Grandsire, and made by the same Rule.   

Paradox on five Bells.  
THis Peal of Paradox is to be rang on five bells, wherein are sixscore changes, they are Doubles and Singles; that is— one change double, and another single; in which course they are made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made in second and thirds places, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then 'tis made in third and fourth's places; but the extreme Changes are (also single) and made between the two farthest extreme bells from the half Hunt; the whole Hunt lies before the bells, when every extreme change is made. Every bell lies four times together before, and four times behind, except only when the extreme changes are made behind. There is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three extreme bells; the course of the whole Hunt is this, it being before the bells, first it moves up into the second and thirds places, than it makes a dodge with the bell in seconds place, and moves out of the thirds place up into fourth's, where it lies always twice, then moves up behind, where it lies four times, and then moves down into fourth's place, where having lay twice, it hunts down into seconds place, and makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place, and then moves down before the bells, where having lay twice, it hunts as before; each of the other bells has the same course (in hunting up and down) as the whole Hunt until the whole Hunt leads, at which time every bell that comes into seconds place lies there twice together, unless the extreme change is to be made in second and thirds places.  
In this following Peal, the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt; the extreme changes are made, when the half Hunt lies before the extreme bells.  

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41253  
14523  
14253  
12435  
—  
12453  
21543  
25143  
21534  
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53214  
52341  
53241  
35421  
34521  
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34512  
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43125  
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13452  
13542  
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43215  
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42351  
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25431  
24513  
25413  
52143  
51243  
52134  
51234  
15324  
15234  
12543  
—  
12534  
21354  
23154  
21345  
23145  
32415  
34215  
32451  
34251  
43521  
45321  
43512  
45312  
54132  
51432  
54123  
51423  
15243  
15423  
14532  
14352  
41532  
45132  
41523  
45123  
54213  
52413  
54231  
52431  
25341  
23541  
25314  
23514  
32154  
31254  
32145  
31245  
13425  
13245  
12354  
—  
12345   
I have drawn a Line between the Figures at the extreme changes, that next below each Line is the extreme; the first extreme is Forty changes from the beginning.  
This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells. The half Hunt, and three extreme bells in this Peal, makes the Twenty four changes in a perfect course. There are four changes made in the Twenty-four every time the whole Hunt leads, which coming before the bells six times in the sixscore, and each time lying there four times together, makes six times four changes, which is Twenty four. 'Tis easily made out, if you take every change that is made when the whole Hunt is before the bells in the sixscore before, and set the changes down by themselves (leaving out the treble) where you will find, that the second, third, fourth and fifth, make the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in a perfect course; second is the Hunt, and the extremes are made when the Hunt is before.  
Paradox may be rang sixscore several ways. With one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be rang six ways, in three of which the whole Hunt is to be hunted up; and in the other three ways it is to be hunted down, in which six ways the extreme changes are to be made by the same Rules, and in the same manner, as I showed before in the sixscore Doubles and Singles on five bells; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be pricked or rang twenty times six ways, which makes sixscore.  
This Peal may be pricked sixscore ways more, by making the extremes when the whole Hunt lies behind the bells, but that being never practised, I will say no more of it. I have here set down some general Rules for beginning the several Peals of Paradox by the former course (i. e.) in making the extremes when the whole Hunt is before the bells.  
In hunting the treble up, the first change is double between the four first bells, thus.— 12345.21435  
In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourth's places (thus.— 12345.12435) unless the half Hunt lies so, that the extreme may be made.  
Second up, the first change is single in second and thirds places, thus.— 12345.13245.  
Second down, the first change is double between the four first bells.  
Third up, the first change is double between the four first bells.  
Third down, the first change is single in second and thirds places.  
Fourth up, the first change is double between the four hindmost bells, thus▪— 12345.13254.  
Fourth down, the first change is double between the four first bells.  
Fifth up, the first change is single in second and thirds places.  
Fifth down, the first change is double between the four hindmost bells.  
If you observe these Rules aright, together with my former directions, you may with much ease prick down any Peal of Paradox.   

PHOENIX. On five Bells.  
THis Peal has Six score changes in it, which are Doubles and Singles; the tenor is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt. Every bell lies twice before, and four times behind; every single change is made in second and thirds places, and every bell that comes into fourth's place, lies there twice together, until the tenor comes behind; at which time, the fourth lying in the seconds place, the next single change is made in third and fourth's places; but the tenor lying behind, and the fourth in thirds place, than the two next following single changes are in third and fourth's places.  

12345  
21354  
23154  
32514  
35214  
53241  
52341  
25431  
24531  
42513  
45213  
54123  
51423  
15432  
14532  
41352  
43152  
34125  
34215  
43125  
41325  
14352  
13452  
31542  
35142  
53124  
51324  
15234  
12534  
21543  
25143  
52413  
54213  
45231  
42531  
24351  
23451  
32415  
32145  
23415  
23145  
32154  
31254  
13524  
15324  
51342  
53142  
35412  
34512  
43521  
45321  
54231  
52431  
25413  
24513  
42153  
41253  
14235  
14325  
41235  
42135  
24153  
21453  
12543  
15243  
51234  
52134  
25314  
23514  
32541  
35241  
53421  
54321  
45312  
43512  
34152  
31452  
13425  
13245  
31425  
31245  
13254  
12354  
21534  
25134  
52143  
51243  
15423  
14523  
41532  
45132  
54312  
53412  
35421  
34521  
43251  
42351  
24315  
24135  
42315  
43215  
34251  
32451  
23541  
25341  
52314  
53214  
35124  
31524  
13542  
15342  
51432  
54132  
45123  
41523  
14253  
12453  
21435  
21345  
12435  
12345    

London Pleasure on five Bells.  
IN this Peal called London Pleasure, are sixscore changes, which are all single. It being a confused Peal to ring, I shall say nothing more of it, but expose it to view, as in the following changes.  

12345  
21345  
21354  
12354  
12534  
21534  
25134  
25314  
23514  
23154  
23145  
23415  
23451  
23541  
25341  
52341  
52314  
52134  
51234  
15234  
15243  
51243  
52143  
25143  
21543  
12543  
12453  
21453  
24153  
24513  
25413  
52413  
52431  
25431  
24531  
24351  
24315  
24135  
21435  
12435  
14235  
41235  
41253  
14253  
14523  
41523  
45123  
45213  
42513  
42153  
42135  
42315  
42351  
42531  
45231  
54231  
54213  
54123  
51423  
15423  
—  
15432  
—  
51432  
54132  
45132  
41532  
14532  
14352  
41352  
43152  
43512  
45312  
54312  
54321  
45321  
43521  
43251  
43215  
43125  
41325  
14325  
13425  
31425  
31452  
13452  
13542  
31542  
35142  
35412  
34512  
34152  
34125  
34215  
34251  
34521  
35421  
53421  
53412  
53142  
51342  
15342  
15324  
51324  
53124  
35124  
31524  
13524  
13254  
31254  
32154  
32514  
35214  
53214  
53241  
35241  
32541  
32451  
32415  
32145  
31245  
13245  
—  
12345    

What you please. Doubles and Singles on 5 Bells.  
EVery bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the extreme is made behind, and twice in the seconds place, except when the extreme is before; and note, when the treble is before the fourth stroke, the single is in second and third, the next time the single is behind; but at other times, the single is in third and fourth's places. When any bell leaves leading, the double change is on the two first, and two last, and the extremes are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six extremes.  

12345  
21354  
21534  
25143  
25413  
52431  
52341  
53214  
53124  
35142  
35412  
34521  
34251  
43215  
43125  
41352  
41532  
14523  
14253  
12435  
—  
12453  
21435  
21345  
23154  
23514  
32541  
32451  
34215  
34125  
43152  
43512  
45321  
45231  
54213  
54123  
51432  
51342  
15324  
15234  
12543  
—  
15243  
51234  
51324  
53142  
53412  
35421  
35241  
32514  
32154  
23145  
23415  
24351  
24531  
42513  
42153  
41235  
41325  
14352  
14532  
15423  
—  
15432  
51423  
51243  
52134  
52314  
25341  
25431  
24513  
24153  
42135  
42315  
43251  
43521  
34512  
34152  
31425  
31245  
13254  
13524  
15342  
—  
13542  
31524  
31254  
32145  
32415  
23451  
23541  
25314  
25134  
52143  
52413  
54231  
54321  
45312  
45132  
41523  
41253  
14235  
14325  
13452  
—  
13425  
31452  
31542  
35124  
35214  
53241  
53421  
54312  
54132  
45123  
45213  
42531  
42351  
24315  
24135  
21453  
21543  
12534  
12354  
13245  
—  
12345    

Reading Doubles. On five Bells.  
IN this Peal are sixscore changes, the treble is a Hunt; and note when treble is in thirds place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodge until it comes into the same place hunting downwards; and always when the treble is going to lead, the four first bells makes the double change, if the third be behind; but if it be before, the double is on the two first and two last; every bell lieth twice behind, except when the treble goes to lead, if the third be before; and note, when it is 1, 3, 2, there is a single in second and thirds places, which is twice, once at the Threescore end, and sixscore end.  

12345  
21435  
24153  
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35214  
53241  
35421  
53412  
35142  
31524  
13542  
15324  
51234  
52143  
25413  
52431  
25341  
52314  
25134  
21543  
12453  
14235  
41325  
43152  
34512  
43521  
34251  
43215  
34125  
31452  
13425  
14352  
41532  
45123  
54213  
45231  
54321  
45312  
54132  
51423  
15243  
12534  
21354  
23145  
32415  
23451  
32541  
23514  
32154  
31245  
13254  
12354  
21534  
25143  
52413  
25431  
52341  
25314  
52134  
51243  
15423  
14532  
41352  
43125  
34215  
43251  
34521  
43512  
34152  
31425  
13452  
14325  
41235  
42153  
24513  
42531  
24351  
42315  
24135  
21453  
12543  
15234  
51324  
53142  
35412  
53421  
35241  
53214  
35124  
31542  
13524  
15342  
51432  
54123  
45213  
54231  
45321  
54312  
45132  
41523  
14253  
12435  
21345  
23154  
32514  
23541  
32451  
23415  
32145  
31254  
13245  
12345    

Old Doubles. On five Bells.  
THis Peal called Old Doubles, is to be rang on five bells, wherein are sixscore changes, which are all Doubles, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is always a single change made. It has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three extreme bells; every bell leads twice together all the way, and lies twice behind, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then the bell behind lies there four times together, unless the extreme is made behind, and then but twice. Every bell hunts in a perfect course, until the whole Hunt leads, and then the single is to be made, at which time the bell in seconds place lies there twice (unless the extreme is made in second and thirds place) and every single change is made in third and fourth's places, except the extremes which are (in this Peal) made by the same rule, and after the same manner, as I showed before in the sixscore called Doubles and Singles on five bells. In making the single changes in third and fourth's places, it is observed, that the bell which lies in fourth's place (the change next before the single) is hunting up; and in making the single change, it does dodge with the bell in thirds place, and so hunts up behind; and likewise the bell that lies in thirds place (in the change next before the single) is hunting down, and in making the single it does dodge with the bell in fourth's place, and then hunts directly down.  
In this following Peal, the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and an extreme change is always made, when the half Hunt lies before the extreme bells next to the whole Hunt; every extreme is made between the two farthest extreme bells from the half Hunt, as in these following changes.  

12345  
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54321  
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13254  
13524  
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32145  
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45213  
54123  
51432  
15342  
15432  
51342  
53124  
35214  
32541  
23451  
24315  
42135  
41253  
14523  
14253  
41523  
45132  
54312  
53421  
35241  
32514  
23154  
21345  
12435  
12453  
21543  
25134  
52314  
53241  
35421  
34512  
43152  
41325  
14235  
14325  
41235  
42153  
24513  
25431  
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53214  
35124  
31542  
13452  
13542  
31452  
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15324  
15234  
51324  
53142  
35412  
34512  
43251  
42315  
24135  
21453  
12543  
12534  
21354  
23145  
32415  
34251  
43521  
45312  
54132  
51423  
15243  
15423  
51243  
52134  
25314  
23541  
32451  
34215  
43125  
41352  
14532  
14352  
41532  
45123  
54213  
52431  
25341  
23514  
32154  
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13425  
13245  
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34152  
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45321  
54231  
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25143  
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12354  
12345   
This Peal of Old Doubles, is grounded on the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells, which are made in a perfect course herein; every time the whole Hunt leads, there are two changes made in the Twenty-four; the half Hunt, and three extreme bells, makes the Twenty-four changes, and every single change in this Peal, is a single change in the Twenty-four.  
This Peal may be rang sixscore several ways; with one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it is to be rang six ways (i. e.) three ways in hunting up the whole Hunt at the beginning of the Peal, and the other ways in hunting it down; in which six ways, the Extreme Changes are to be made by the same rule, and in the same manner, as those in the sixscore Doubles and Singles on five Bells, and Paradox before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be rang twenty times six ways, which makes sixscore.  
In these sixscore ways, the whole Hunt is before the Bells when every single Change is made; but it may be rang sixscore several ways more, by making the single Changes when the whole Hunt lies behind them, which being never practised, I will say no more of it.  
For the convenience and benefit of the Practitioner, I have set down certain rules, showing how to begin each Peal of Old Doubles (with any Hunt) by the former course (i. e.) in making the single Changes, when the whole Hunt lies before the Bells, these Rules serving only for moving the whole Hunt at the beginning of each Peal, for it may be hunted either up or down.  

In hunting either the treble, third, or fifth Bells up, the first change is made between the four foremost Bells, thus.— 12345: 21435.  
— The treble down, the first change is single in third and fourth's places, unless the half Hunt lies so, as that the Extreme is to be made.  
— The third or fifth down, the first change is between the four hindmost Bells, thus.— 12345: 13254.  
— The second or fourth up, the first change is between the four hindmost Bells.  
— The second or fourth down, the first change between the four foremost Bells.   
In ringing any of these Peals, where the first change is made between the four hindmost Bells, it must be made at the Back-stroke, otherwise the Bells will cut Compass all the way; every double change is made either between the four foremost, or four hindmost Bells.   

New Doubles. On five Bells.  
IN this Peal of New Doubles, there are sixscore Changes, which are all double, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is always a single Change made; it has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extreme Bells. The whole Hunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind. When the whole Hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up, than each Bell that comes into that place, lies there twice, and then moves up behind; and the Bells in treble and seconds places, does continue dodging from the time that the whole Hunt hunts up out of thirds place, until it comes into that place again hunting down; and that Bell which comes into thirds place (when the whole Hunt leaves it hunting down, lies there twice, and then moves up behind) and the next Bell that comes into that place, lies there twice also, and then moves down before the Bells. But note, that Bell which lies in the thirds place (in the Change next before the Extreme) continues there, until the whole Hunt hunts up into that place, and then it moves down; when the whole Hunt leads the Bell in seconds place, lies there twice together, and then moves down before the Bells; and every Bell that comes behind, lies there twice, except only in the Change next before, and that next after the whole Hunt leads; every single Change is made in third and fourth's places, except the Extremes, which are also single Changes, and made between the two hindmost Bells, when the half Hunt lies before the Extreme Bells next to the whole Hunt.  
These directions are only for Ringing this Peal next following; but it may be Rang many other ways, by making the Extreme Changes in other places, of which I shall speak more anon.  

12345  
21354  
23145  
32415  
23451  
32541  
23514  
32154  
31245  
13254  
13524  
31542  
35124  
53214  
35241  
53421  
35412  
53142  
51324  
15342  
15432  
51423  
54132  
45312  
54321  
45231  
54213  
45123  
41532  
14523  
14253  
41235  
42153  
24513  
42531  
24351  
42315  
24135  
21453  
12435  
—  
12453  
21435  
24153  
42513  
24531  
42351  
24315  
42135  
41253  
14235  
14325  
41352  
43125  
34215  
43251  
34521  
43512  
34152  
31425  
13452  
13542  
31524  
35142  
53412  
35421  
53241  
35214  
53124  
51342  
15324  
15234  
51243  
52134  
25314  
52341  
25431  
52413  
25143  
21534  
12543  
—  
12534  
21543  
25134  
52314  
25341  
52431  
25413  
52143  
51234  
15243  
15423  
51432  
54123  
45213  
54231  
45321  
54312  
45132  
41523  
14532  
14352  
41325  
43152  
34512  
43521  
34251  
43215  
34125  
31452  
13425  
13245  
31254  
32145  
23415  
32451  
23541  
32514  
23154  
21345  
12354  
—  
12345   
This Peal may be Rang sixscore several ways. With one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be Rang six ways; in three of which, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up, and in the other three ways it is to be hunted down; which six ways are to be Rang, by making the Extreme changes by the same rules, and in the same manner, as in Doubles and Singles on five Bells, Old Doubles, and Paradox, before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be Rang twenty times six ways, which makes sixscore.  
This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four Changes, Doubles and Singles on four Bells, the half Hunt and three Extreme Bells makes the Twenty-four Changes in perfect course; and in the same manner, as I showed you in Paradox, and Old Doubles.  
These following rules shows how to begin any Peal of New Doubles.  

In hunting either the treble or fourth up, the first change must be double between the two first, and two last Bells, thus.— 12345: 21354.  
In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourth's places, unless the extreme is to be made.  
— The fourth down, the first change is between the four first Bells.  
Second up, first change double between the four hindmost Bells.  
Second down, the first change is double between the two first, and two last Bells.  
Third up, first change double between the four foremost Bells.  
Third down, first change double between the four hindmost Bells.  
Fifth up, double between the four first Bells.  
Fifth down, first change double, two first and two last Bells.    

Grandsire on five Bells.  
GRandsire is the best and most ingenious Peal that ever was composed, to be rang on five bells, it having no dependence on the course of any other Peal. There are Sixscore changes in it, in pricking of which, there is the greatest variety of any other Peal whatsoever; for it may be pricked or rang some thousands of ways. The common way of ringing it, is to make the Bobs and single changes when the whole Hunt leads, which course and method I will first set down, and afterward say something of the other ways in ringing it. It has a whole hunt and half hunt, the changes are all double except two, which are single. The whole hunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and lies twice together before, and twice behind all the way; every other bell has the same course as the whole hunt, in moving and hunting up and down; and each bell lead twice together all the way, and lie twice together behind, except only at the Bobs. Every Bob-change is made between the two first and two last bells, the bell in thirds place lies still when every Bob-change is made, and then moves down; and every other double change is made between the four bells that stand together (viz.) either the four first, or four last bells. There are two sorts of Bobs, one of which is called a single Bob, and the other a double. The Rule for making the single Bob is this— When the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies in thirds place, the next is a Bob-change; in making of which, the whole hunt moves out of the trebles place up into the seconds place hunting up, and the bell which lies behind in the change next before the Bob, makes a dodge with the bell in fourth's place, and then lies twice behind; and that bell which did dodge with the bell in tenors place, moves directly down; this is a single Bob, that is, one Bob-change. The Rule for making the double Bob is this— When the whole hunt lies in the seconds place hunting down, and the half hunt behind, then there is a double Bob, that is, two Bob-changes, one of which is made the next change wherein the whole Hunt moves out of the seconds place down before the bells, and the other Bob is made the next change but one to it, in which the whole Hunt moves from before the bells up into the seconds place; the bell which lies in the thirds place when every Bob-change is made, lies there twice, and then moves down. And at every double Bob, the two hindmost bells continue dodging until the whole Hunt moves up into the fourth's place, and parts them. Every time the whole Hunt comes before the bells, there is either a single Bob, or double Bob made, which comes by turns, one single, and the next double throughout the Peal.  
The greatest variety of this Peal, consists in making the single changes. In this way of Ringing it (with any whole Hunt and half Hunt) the first single change may be made either at the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth Bobs, at the single or double Bobs at pleasure; observing for a constant Rule, that the half Hunt is always one of the two bells which makes every single change; for the single changes are so contrived, that (in making them) the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant course as at other times. At the single Bob, the single change is made in second and thirds places; and at the double Bob, 'tis made in fourth and fifth's places, the other three bells lying still in their places, whilst each single change is made; the next change to each single, is a Bob-change; every single change is made▪ when the whole hunt lies before the bells; there being always sixty changes, from the first single change to the second; if the first single change is made at a single bob, than the second single change must be made at the third single bob from it; or if the first single change is made at a double bob, the second single change must be made at the third double bob from that where the first was made.  
This Peal may be rang without making any single change therein, which is done by making a double change to supply the place of it. There are two of these double changes in each Peal; the first of them may be made at any bob within sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal, and the second is to be made just sixty changes from the first. At a double bob, it may be made at either of the two bob-changes; at the first of them, 'tis made by moving the whole Hunt down, and the bell in thirds place up over two bells at once into the tenors place, thus:— 41325: 14253.  
In making it at the second bob change of the double bob, 'tis the same as at the first, only in that the whole Hunt moved down to lead; but in this it must move up from before the bells into the seconds place, as in this change— 12435: 21354.  
The changes next following these, are the same as at other times. At the single bob, 'tis to be made when the whole Hunt lies in the seconds place hunting down; in which place it may be made two ways, in one of which the bell in thirds place is to be moved up behind, in the same manner as I showed you at the double bob: The other way, is to move the bell in tenors place down into the thirds place, thus:— 51423: 15342.  
Now the reason wherefore at this place it may be made two ways, and at each of the double bob changes but one way, is this; At the double bob, the half Hunt lies behind, which cannot be moved into thirds place, for that would put it out of its course; but in the single bob, the half Hunt lying before the bells, and the whole Hunt in seconds place, so that neither of those bells are concerned therein; therefore it may be made either by moving the bell in thirds place up behind, or else by moving the hindmost bell down into thirds place, both which are to one effect, though different changes; for these changes are so continued, that (in making them) the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to continue their constant course, as at other times.  
I have here set down this Peal of Grandsire, making the treble the whole Hunt, and the tenor the half Hunt, and the first single change is made the sixth bob; that is, the third double bob, which is sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; you may know the single change, by the line drawn between the figures at the single change, that next after the line is the single: Grandsire is most commonly rang, as it is here pricked; but it may be rang any other way, according to my directions before.  

12345  
21354  
23145  
32415  
34251  
43521  
45312  
54132  
51423  
15243  
12534  
21543  
25134  
52314  
53241  
35421  
34512  
43152  
41325  
14352  
13425  
31452  
34125  
43215  
42351  
24531  
25413  
52143  
51234  
15324  
13542  
31524  
35142  
53412  
54321  
45231  
42513  
24153  
21435  
12453  
14235  
41253  
42135  
24315  
23451  
32541  
35214  
53124  
51342  
15432  
14523  
41532  
45123  
54213  
52431  
25341  
23514  
32154  
31245  
13254  
—  
13245  
31254  
32145  
23415  
24351  
42531  
45213  
54123  
51432  
15342  
13524  
31542  
35124  
53214  
52341  
25431  
24513  
42153  
41235  
14253  
12435  
21453  
24135  
42315  
43251  
34521  
35412  
53142  
51324  
15234  
12543  
21534  
25143  
52413  
54231  
45321  
43512  
34152  
31425  
13452  
14325  
41352  
43125  
34215  
32451  
23541  
25314  
52134  
51243  
15423  
14532  
41523  
45132  
54312  
53421  
35241  
32514  
23154  
21345  
12354  
—  
12345   
Grandsire may be rang another way (i. e.) in making the bobs when the whole Hunt is before the bells (as in the former way) and to make the single changes when it lies behind (viz.) the first single change may be made at any time when the whole Hunt comes behind, provided it be made within sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; if it is made the next time the whole Hunt comes behind after a single bob, it is in treble and seconds places; after a double bob, it is made in third and fourth's places, the whole Hunt lying behind when each single change is made, and the second single change must be made just sixty changes from the first.  
In all the several Peals of Grandsire by the course aforesaid, the first changes in each Peal must be made by these following Rules.  

1, 3  
1, 5  
1, 3  
2, 4  
3, 2  
3, 5  
4, 1  
4, 5  
5, 1  
5, 4   
With these ten Hunts, the whole Hunt is to be hunted up at the beginning of each Peal.  

1, 2  
1, 4  
2, 1  
2▪ 5  
3, 1  
3, 4  
4, 2  
4, 3  
5, 2  
5, 3   
With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is made by hunting the whole Hunt down.  
These are the twenty Hunts on five bells, which are set down in Page 26. The two Figures which stand together, do represent the whole Hunt and half Hunt; for instance, the uppermost figures are 1, 3; the 1 is the whole Hunt, and the 3 is the half Hunt, and so of the rest. Where the letter B stands by the Hunt, the first change that Hunt makes is a Bob: But with all the other Hunts, the first change is either between the four first, or four last bells; yet the first change in many of them may be made single, as in 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 2, 1: 2, 3: 3, 1: 3, 5: 4, 1: 4, 3: 4, 5: 5, 1: 5, 4:  
In hunting the treble down, the first change is made between the four hindmost bells; and in hunting the fifth bell up, the first change is made between the four foremost bells.  
There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire, which is, to make the bobs and single changes when the whole hunt lies behind the bells; but this is not convenient to be practised, therefore I will say no more of it in this place, having only mentioned this, to show the great variety there is in this Peal.  
This Peal of Grandsire is to be Rang by another course, viz. to make the bobs when the whole hunt is behind the bells, and the single changes, when it lies before them. This is the absolute foundation from whence the excellent Peal of Grandsire bob (on six bells) had its beginning and method, and by practising to prick down this Peal, and by observing the true course and method of the bobs and single changes herein, you may with the greater ease understand the true course of the bobs and single changes in Grandsire bob on six bells, for the half hunt, the quarter hunt, and the three extreme bells (in Grandsire bob on six bells) do make these sixscore changes; every time the whole hunt leads in Grandsire bob, there are two changes made in this Peal of Grandsire on five bells: And so consequently, the single changes is Grandsire bob are made by the same rule and method as they are in this Peal. The Rule for making the bobs in this Peal, is this (viz.) when the whole hunt lies in the fourth's place hunting up, and the half hunt leads, the next is a double bob: And when the whole hunt lies in the tenors place, and the half hunt in thirds place, than the next change is a single bob, the bobs are made between the two first and two last bells, that in thirds place lies still in the bob change, and then moves up. The single changes are made when the whole hunt leads; the first single change (in Ringing it with any whole hunt and half hunt) may be made at any time when the whole hunt leads, within sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal, accounting the bells as they stand round at the beginning for one of the sixty changes. The single change that is made the next time the whole hunt leads after a single bob, is made in fourth and fifth's places; and that which is made next after a double bob, is made in second and thirds places, the half hunt is always one of the two bells which makes every single change. If the first single change is made after a single bob, than the second single change must be made when the whole hunt leads next after the third single bob from that after which the first single was made; and the same is observed, in making them after a double bob: there being always sixty changes from the first to the second single change in each Peal. This Peal I have here set down, in which I make the treble the whole hunt, the fifth the half hunt, and the first single change is made when the whole hunt comes to lead next after the first single bob: You may know the single change, by the line drawn between the figures; the change next below the line, is the single, as in the following Peal.  

12345  
13254  
31524  
35142  
53412  
35421  
53241  
35214  
53124  
51342  
15432  
14523  
41253  
42135  
24315  
23451  
32541  
23514  
32154  
31245  
13425  
—  
13452  
31542  
35124  
53214  
35241  
53421  
35412  
53142  
51324  
15234  
12543  
21453  
24135  
42315  
43251  
34521  
43512  
34152  
31425  
13245  
12354  
21534  
25143  
52413  
25431  
52341  
25314  
52134  
51243  
15423  
14532  
41352  
43125  
34215  
32451  
23541  
32514  
23154  
21345  
12435  
14253  
41523  
45132  
54312  
45321  
54231  
45213  
54123  
51432  
15342  
13524  
31254  
32145  
23415  
24351  
42531  
24513  
42153  
41235  
14325  
—  
14352  
41532  
45123  
54213  
45231  
54321  
45312  
54132  
51423  
15243  
12534  
21354  
23145  
32415  
34251  
43521  
34512  
43152  
41325  
14235  
12453  
21543  
25134  
52314  
25341  
52431  
25413  
52143  
51234  
15324  
13542  
31452  
34125  
43215  
42351  
24531  
42513  
24153  
21435  
12345   
This Peal may be Rang without making any single change therein, there are two double changes which may be made to supply the places of the two single changes; the first of these double changes in any Peal may be made any time when the whole hunt lies in fourth's place hunting up, provided you make it within sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal. At a double bob, it may be made at either of the two bob-changes, by moving the bell which lies in thirds place down under two bells at once into the trebles place: Now suppose it were to be made the first time the whole hunt lies in the fourth's place hunting up in the Peal next before, which is at a double bob, the bells lie thus, 53412; now the treble being the whole hunt must move up behind, and the fourth bell being in thirds place, must move down under two bells at once into the trebles place, thus, 45321; or else it may be made at the next bob-change of the double bob, 53241; here the treble must be moved down into fourth's place, and the second bell into trebles place, thus, 25314. It may also be made the change next before the single bob, in which change it may be made two ways; viz. either by moving the bell in thirds place down into trebles place, as in the changes next before, or else by moving the bell in trebles place up into thirds place; for instance, two changes before the first single bob (as in the Peal before set down) the bells lie thus, 24315; now the change may be made, either by moving the third bell into the trebles place, thus, 32451; or else the bell that leads up into thirds place, thus, 43251; in both which ways, the whole hunt is to be moved up behind.  
There are only two of these double changes to be made in each Peal▪ if the first is made at a double bob, than the second must be made at the third double bob from it; or if the first of them is made at a single bob, than the second must be made▪ at the third single bob from that where the first was made, there being always just si●ty changes from the first of these double changes to the second in each Peal.  
These double changes are the same which in Grandsire bob on six bells, are called true changes; those true changes in Grandsire bob being made by the same rule, and in the same manner as these are.  
In all the Peals of Grandsire, wherein the bobs are made when the whole hunt is behind (according to the Rules next before set down) the first changes in each Peal must be made by these Rules following.  

1, 2  
1, 5  
2, 1  
2, 5  
3, 1  
3, 4  
4, 2  
4, 3  
5, 1  
5, 3   
With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is made by hunting down the whole Hunt.  

1, 3  
1, 4  
2, 3  
2, 4  
3, 2  
3, 5  
4, 1  
4, 5  
5, 4  
5, 2   
With these ten Hunts, the first change in each Peal is made by hunting the whole Hunt up.  
Where the letter B stands next to any hunt, the first change which that hunt makes, is a bob: But with all the other hunts, the first change in each Peal is made double, either between the four first, or four last bells; yet in many of them, the first change may be made single, as in 1, 2: 1, 5: 2, 1: 2, 3: 2, 5: 3, 5: 4, 3: 4, 5: 5, 2: 5, 3:  
Before I conclude my directions to this excellent Peal of Grandsire, I will set down one general Rule for making the single changes in any Peal (at places differing from any of the former Rules) viz. wheresoever the whhle hunt and half hunt meets together to make a change (which constantly happens every time the whole hunt hunts up, and every time it hunts down in every Peal) the other three bells may lie still in their places, whilst the whole hunt and half hunt makes the change; which being made, the whole hunt, the half hunt, and the other bells are immediately to proceed in their course; which single change is as effectual, as those which are made by the Rules aforesaid. Observing to make the first single change in any Peal, within sixty changes from the beginning; and the second single change must be made (just sixty changes from the first) between the whole hunt, and half hunt, which two bells will in course lie in the same places where the first single change was made.   

The Seven-score and four on six Bells.  
THis Peal containing Seven-score and four changes, is to be Rang on six bells, in which, the treble and tenor are both whole hunts, and the second is the half hunt; the whole hunts do both hunt at one and the same time in a direct course, one up, and the other down; and always when one of them lies before the bells, the other lies behind them; and when that hunt which lies before the bells, leaves the trebles place hunting up, the other hunt lying behind, leaves the tenors place hunting down; each hunt lies only twice together before the bells, and twice behind throughout the Peal.  
The second bell is the half hunt in this following Peal, for the second, third, fourth and fifth bells make the twenty four changes herein; every time the whole hunts come before and behind the bells, there is one change made in the Twenty-four (which is always once in six changes) the second bell being the hunt on the Twenty-four; so that every time it comes before or behind the extreme bells, there is an extreme change to be made, which in the following Peal is made between the two farthest extreme bells from the second. I have only set down part of this Peal, which is sufficient to show the course and method thereof.  

123456  
213465  
231645  
236145  
263415  
623451  
632451  
362415  
326145  
321645  
312465  
132456  
134256  
314265  
341625  
346125  
364215  
634251  
634521  
364512  
346152  
341652  
314562  
134526  
—  
143526  
413562  
431652  
436152  
463512  
643521  
643251  
463215  
436125  
431625  
413265  
143256  
142356  
412365  
421635   
At the extreme change next before, I have drawn a line between the figures, that next below the line is the extreme: The aforesaid Peal may be Rang with any other whole hunt, or half hunt; and also the Twenty-four changes doubles and singles, may 〈◊〉 made in the room of the plain Twenty-four in the aforesaid Peal.   

Trebles and Doubles on six Bells.  
THere are many Peals of Trebles and Doubles to be Rang on six bells, as, sixscore changes, Seven-score and four, Twelvescore, and Seven-hundred and twenty. In each of which Peals, the changes that are made from the time that the whole hunt leaves the trebles place hunting up, until it comes down into that place again, are▪ all made in one and the same manner; so that the only difference in these Peals, consists in making the changes when the whole hunt leads. These Peals are called Trebles and Doubles, because one is a treble change (that is, 3 changes made together, in which all the six bells do change their places, thus, 123456: 214365:) and the next is a double change between the 4 bells, in the midst, thus, 241635: And in this course the changes are always made from the time that the whole hunt leaves the trebles place hunting up, until it comes down into the trebles place again; and in Ringing this Peal, 'tis observed, that every bell does hunt in a perfect and direct course, and lie twice together before, and twice behind, until the whole hunt leads.  
The manner of Ringing the Seven-score and four, is this; the treble and tenor are both whole hunts, and the second is the half hunt; the first change as a treble change, and the next a double change, as I showed you before; in which course they are made, until the treble leads again, and the tenor lie behind; at which time there's a single change to be made in third and fourth's places: But when the half hunt lies next to the treble, than the next single change must be made in fourth's and fifth's places, as in this following Peal, where I have only set down part of it for an example.  

123456  
214365  
241635  
426153  
462513  
645231  
654321  
563412  
536142  
351624  
315264  
132546  
135246  
312564  
321654  
236145  
263415  
624351  
642531  
465213  
456123  
541632  
514362  
153426  
154326  
513462  
531642  
356124  
365214  
632541  
623451  
264315  
246135  
421653  
412563  
145236  
142536  
415263  
451623  
546132  
564312  
653421  
635241  
362514  
326154  
231645  
213465  
124356  
—  
124536  
215463  
251643  
526134  
562314  
653241   
This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes doubles and singles, the second, third, fourth and fifth makes the Twenty-four changes; the second bell is the hunt in the Twenty-four, therefore the extreme in the Peal next before, is made between the two farthest extreme bells from it when it lies before them: At the extreme changes there's a line drawn between the figures, but the extremes may be made every time the second lies behind the extreme bells; or else, every time it lies before and behind them, in the same manner, as I told you before in my directions to the Twenty-four Doubles and Singles: And this Peal may be also Rang with any other whole hunts, or half hunts.  
In the sixscore Trebles and Doubles, the changes are the same as in the Peal next before, until the whole hunt leads, at which time (in this Peal) there is a double change to be made between the four hindmost bells; but when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, than there is a single change to be made, either between the two nearest bells to the half hunt, or else between the two farthest bells from it; there are but two single changes in the Peal, and the second single change must be made between those two bells which made the first. In this following, the treble is the whole hunt, and the second the half hunt, and the first single change is made when the bells do lie 124365: which is sixty changes from the beginning of the Peal; after the whole hunt has at first hunted up and down again: I have set down only those changes which are made every time the whole hunt leads.  

123456  
214365  
241635  
426153  
462513  
645231  
654321  
563412  
536142  
351624  
315264  
132546  
135264  
—  
153624  
156342  
—  
165432  
164523  
146253  
142635  
—  
124365  
—  
123465  
—  
132645  
136254  
—  
163524  
165342  
156432  
154623  
—  
145263  
142536  
—  
124356  
—  
123456   
The course of the Twelvescore, and the Seven-hundred and twenty, are both one and the same; for the Twelvescore changes, are only part of the Seven-hundred and twenty. There's a whole hunt, a half hunt, a quarter hunt, and three extreme bells in the Seven-hundred and twenty; the changes are all treble and double (in the same course, as in the sixscore next before set down) until the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, at which time there's a single change to be made in fourth and fifth's places: But when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, and the quarter hunt lies next to the half hunt, then there's an extreme to be made, which is a single change, and made between the two farthest extreme bells from the quarter hunt; and by observing this course, you may prick down, or Ring the Seven-hundred and twenty: But if you would only Ring Twelvescore changes (and then end there, by bringing the bells round) you must make no extreme change at all; for in making every single change in fourth and fifth's places, the bells will come round in course at the end of Twelvescore changes, if you make no extreme change to carry the Peal forward. In the following changes, the treble is the whole hunt, the 2 is the half hunt, the 3 the quarter hunt, and the 4, 5, and 6, are the extreme bells. It being not much material to set down this Peal at large, therefore after the treble (which is the whole hunt) has hunted twice up and down, I have put down only the two changes which are made every time the treble leads to the end of the Twelvescore, as follows.  

123456  
214365  
241635  
426153  
462513  
645231  
654321  
563412  
536142  
351624  
315264  
132546  
135264  
312546  
321456  
234165  
243615  
426351  
462531  
645213  
654123  
561432  
516342  
153624  
156342  
—  
165432  
164523  
—  
146253  
142635  
—  
124365  
single  
124635  
—  
142365  
143256  
—  
134526  
135462  
—  
153642  
156324  
—  
165234  
162543  
—  
126453  
single  
126543  
—  
162453  
164235  
—  
146325  
143652  
—  
134562  
135426  
153246  
152364  
—  
125634  
single  
125364  
—  
152634  
156243  
—  
165423  
164532  
—  
146352  
143625  
—  
134265  
132456  
—  
123546   
The last change is 123546: which is at the end of Twelvescore changes; and here you see, that the whole hunt, the half hunt, and quarter hunt, do lie next to each other before the extreme bells; therefore the bells may either be brought round, by making the single change in the same place, as those next before, are made thus, 123456: or else, if you would proceed forward to the end of the Seven-hundred and twenty, than the next must be an extreme change between the fourth and sixth, which are the 2 hindmost bells, thus, 123564: and by observing to make an extreme change behind every time the 1, 2, 3, lie together before the bells, the bells will come round in course at the end of the Seven-hundred and twenty; at the end of every Three score changes, there's a single change throughout the Peal, and an extreme change at the end of every Twelvescore. This Peal (by the Rules aforesaid) may be Rang with any whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt.  
In this Peal is contained the sixscore changes of Old Doubles on five bells, and also the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells; the half hunt, the quarter hunt, and three extreme bells, makes the sixscore changes of Old Doubles in a perfect course; and the quarter hunt, and three extreme bells, do make the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles. Every time the whole hunt leads, there are made two changes of the sixscore; and every time the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies next to it, there are two changes made in the Twenty-four.   

Grandsire Bob. On six Bells.  
IN this Peal of Grandsire Bob, there are Seven-hundred and twenty changes, in Ringing of which, there is the same course, as in Trebles and Doubles (before set down) until the bob-changes come to be made; this Peal may more properly be called Trebles and Doubles than the former, because all the changes throughout the Seven-hundred and twenty, are treble and double, except only the two single changes: But in Ringing an Eighteen-score (which is half the Seven-hundred and twenty, and a complete Peal of itself) the changes are all treble and double without any single change therein; for you must know, that in any Peal of Grandsire bob, the bells will come round in course at the end of Eighteen-score changes, if you make no single change to carry it on farther to the end of the Seven-hundred and twenty.  
This Peal has a whole hunt, a half hunt, a quarter hunt, and three extreme bells; every bell hunts in a direct course, and lies twice together before, and twice behind, until the whole hunt leads, and then the four hindmost bells do dodge, that is, they make a double change; in which 'tis always observed, that the two bells which lie in third and fifth's places (in the change next before the dodge) are hunting down, and in making this double change, each of those bells do dodge with the bell next above it, that is, they move up over one bell, and then each of them moves directly down; and the two bells that lie in fourth and tenors places in the change next before every dodge, are hunting up, and in making the dodge change, each of those bells do move down under one bell, and then they move up again in their course, as before; the dodge changes in all Peals of Trebles and Doubles, are made in the same manner as these.  
There are two sorts of bobs in this Peal, viz. a single, and a double bob; the Rule for making the single bob, is this, when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies in tenors place, and the quarter hunt in fourth's place, the next change is a bob; and when the whole hunt leads, and the half hunt lies in fifth's place, and the quarter hunt in seconds place, than there is a double bob, that is, two bob-changes; one of which is made the next change, and the other is made the next time the whole hunt leads after. The bobs are all double changes, and made in one and the same manner (i. e.) the leading bell, and that in fourth's place, do both lie still, whilst the two bells in second and thirds places, and those in fifth and tenors places make the bob-change; and as soon as 'tis made, the bell in fourth's place moves directly down. The half hunt is always one of the two hindmost bells which makes every bob-change.  
In Ringing this Peal, there is a Rule observed, whereby the person that does Ring the quarter hunt, may give notice of the bobs before they come to be made, without which it were impossible to Ring it; the Rule is this: In the dodge which is made between the four hindmost bells every time the whole hunt leads, if the half hunt and quarter hunt do dodge in fifth and tenors place, than the next time the whole hunt leads, there's a single bob; if they dodge in fourth and thirds places, then there's a double bob, that is, two bob-changes, one of which is made the next time the whole hunt leads after the dodge, and the other is made the next time the whole hunt leads after the former is made: He that does Ring the quarter hunt, may give notice of every bob-change, by saying (Bob) when the whole hunt is going to lead, which is a change next before the bob is to be made.  
There are certain Rules very convenient to be known by all that practice to Ring this Peal; (viz.) he that does Ring the whole hunt, must observe that the bell which he first follows when he leaves the trebles place hunting up, he must follow the same bell the next time he lies behind; and the second bell which he follows in hunting up, he must also follow the same bell when he next leaves the tenors place hunting down; and likewise, the third bell which he follows in hunting up, he must also follow the same bell when he leaves the fifth's place hunting down: For instance, in the first charge of the following Peal, the bells stand thus, 〈◊〉 43●5: here the treble (being the whole hunt) does first follow the second, therefore when the treble has hunted up, and lies behind it, follows the second again, as in this change, ●54●21: And again, the second change of the following Peal, is 241635: here the fourth is the second bell, which the treble follows in hunting up, therefore he follows that bell again the next time he leaves the tenors place hunting down, as in this change, 563412: which course is observed throughout the Peal. And in Ringing any other bell (beside the whole Hunt) 'tis observed, that the next time you lie before the bells after a bob, that bell which you first follow in hunting up, you must also follow the same bell when you lie behind; and the same bell you must first follow every time you hunt up, and every time you lie behind, until the next bob comes to be made; but if the whole hunt is the second bell which you follow in hunting up, than you must follow the whole Hunt when you lie behind; and the next time you lead, and lie behind, you must follow the former bell as before, until the bobs come to be made; and after the bobs, the course is the same (though you do not follow the same bell) as before.  
These Rules and Directions before set down, are to be observed in Ringing any Peal of Grandsire bob with any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt: An Example I have here set down, wherein the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, as in these following changes.  

123456  
214365  
241635  
426153  
462513  
645231  
654321  
563412  
536142  
351624  
315264  
132546  
135264  
312546  
321456  
234165  
243615  
426351  
462531  
645213  
654123  
561432  
516342  
153624  
156342  
513624  
531264  
352146  
325416  
234561  
243651  
426315  
462135  
641253  
614523  
165432  
—  
156423  
514632  
541362  
453126  
435216  
342561  
324651  
236415  
263145  
621354  
612534  
165243  
162534  
615243  
651423  
564132  
546312  
453621  
435261  
342516  
324156  
231465  
213645  
126354  
123645  
216354  
261534  
625143  
652413  
564231  
546321  
453612  
435162  
341526  
314256  
132465  
134256  
312465  
321645  
236154  
263514  
625341  
652431  
564213  
546123  
451632  
415362  
143526  
—  
134562  
315426  
351246  
532164  
523614  
256341  
265431  
624513  
642153  
461235  
416325  
143652  
—  
134625  
316452  
361542  
635124  
653214  
562341  
526431  
254613  
245163  
421536  
412356  
143265  
142356  
413265  
431625  
346152  
364512  
635421  
653241  
562314  
526134  
251643  
215463  
124536  
125463  
214536  
241356  
423165  
432615  
346251  
364521  
635412  
653142  
561324  
516234  
152643  
156234  
512643  
521463  
254136  
245316  
423561  
432651  
346215  
364125  
631452  
613542  
165324  
163542  
615324  
651234  
562143  
526413  
254631  
245361  
423516  
432156  
341265  
314625  
136452  
—  
163425  
614352  
641532  
465123  
456213  
542631  
524361  
253416  
235146  
321564  
312654  
136245  
132654  
316245  
361425  
634152  
643512  
465321  
456231  
542613  
524163  
251436  
215346  
123564  
125346  
213564  
231654  
326145  
362415  
634251  
643521  
465312  
456132  
541623  
514263  
152436  
154263  
512436  
521346  
253164  
235614  
326541  
362451  
634215  
643125  
461352  
416532  
145623  
—  
154632  
516423  
561243  
652134  
625314  
263541  
236451  
324615  
342165  
431256  
413526  
145362  
—  
154326  
513462  
531642  
356124  
365214  
632541  
623451  
264315  
246135  
421653  
412563  
145236  
142563  
415236  
451326  
543162  
534612  
356421  
365241  
632514  
623154  
261345  
216435  
124653  
126435  
214653  
241563  
425136  
452316  
543261  
534621  
356412  
365142  
631524  
613254  
162345  
163254  
612345  
621435  
264153  
246513  
425631  
452361  
543216  
534126  
351462  
315642  
136524  
135642  
316524  
361254  
632145  
623415  
264351  
246531  
425613  
452163  
541236  
514326  
153462  
—  
135426  
314562  
341652  
436125  
463215  
642351  
624531  
265413  
256143  
521634  
512364  
153246  
152364  
513246  
531426  
354162  
345612  
436521  
463251  
642315  
624135  
261453  
216543  
125634  
126543  
215634  
251364  
523146  
532416  
354261  
345621  
436512  
463152  
641325  
614235  
162453  
164235  
612453  
621543  
265134  
256314  
523641  
532461  
354216  
345126  
431562  
413652  
146325  
—  
164352  
613425  
631245  
362154  
326514  
235641  
253461  
524316  
542136  
451263  
415623  
146532  
—  
164523  
615432  
651342  
563124  
536214  
352641  
325461  
234516  
243156  
421365  
412635  
146253  
142635  
416253  
461523  
645132  
654312  
563421  
536241  
352614  
325164  
231546  
213456  
124365   
Here are just Eighteen-score changes already made, and the bells may either be brought round in their places, by making a dodg-change behind (according to the common course, thus, 

124365  
123456   but to have proceeded forward in the 720, the last should have been a single change in third and fourth's places, thus, 

124365  
123465   the single change being made, all the following changes to the end of the 720 are to be made, by the same rule and course as those before set down, the last change of the 720 being also a single change, and to be made in the same place, and between those two bells which made the former single, thus, 

124356  
123456   which single change brings the bells round in their right places at the end of the 720.  
This Peal of Grandsire bob may be Rang with any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; but there being some difficulty in beginning many of the Peals, I have therefore set down Directions for beginning each Peal, as follows.  

1, 2, 4  
1, 2, 5  
1, 3, 2  
1, 3, 6  
1, 4, 6  
1, 5, 3  
1, 5, 4  
1, 6, 3   
In Ringing Grandsire bob with any of these eight Hunts, the first changes in each Peal are to be made in the same manner, as those in the Peal before set down, until the first bob in each Peal comes to be made.  

1.2.3  
1.2.6  
1.3.5  
1.4.2  
1.4.5   
With these five Hunts, the first change in each Peal is a dodge between the four hindmost bells: thus, 123456 124365  
Each three figures that stand together next before, do represent a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; for instance, the uppermost figures in the first Column, are 1.2.4. there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so of the rest.  
In making the treble the whole Hunt, the fifth the half Hunt, and the sixth the quarter Hunt; the first change is a dodge between the four hindmost bells, in which the half and quarter Hunt do dodge together in fifth and tenors places, therefore the next time the whole hunt comes before the bells, there's a single bob.  
In ringing treble, tenor, and fifth, the whole Hunt moves up the first change, thus, 214365, and so on in the common course until it comes next before the bells, at which time there's a single bob.  
In ringing treble, fourth, and third, the whole Hunt moves up the first change, thus, 214365, and so forward in the common course, until it leads again; at which time there's a bob-change to be made, and another the next time the whole Hunt leads after that, it being a double bob.  
In ringing treble, third, and fourth, the first is a dodge-change between the four hindmost bells, in which the half Hunt and quarter Hunt do dodge together in third and fourth's places, therefore a double bob is next to be made, one of which bob-changes is the next time the whole Hunt leads, and the other the next following. In ringing treble, fifth, and second, the first is a bob-change; and the next time the whole Hunt leads, there's another bob-change, it being a double bob.  
In Ringing treble, sixth, and second, and treble, sixth, and fourth, the first change in each of these two Peals is a bob.  

2.4.6  
5.3.4  
6.1.2  
5.3.1   
With these four Hunts, the first change is treble, and the next double, thus, 214365, and so on, till the whole Hunt leads.  

3.5.2  
4.6.2  
6.2.1  
2.3.5  
6.3.5   
With these five Hunts, the first change must be made between the four bells in the midst, thus, 132546.  
In Ringing tenor, treble, and second, there's a single bob the first time the whole Hunt comes before the bells.  
In all Peals of Grandsire bob, where the first change is either a bob, or a dodge between the four hindmost bells, or else a double change between the four bells in the midst, it must be made at the back-stroke of the bells, otherwise the Peal would cut compass all the way, that is, every bell would come to lead at the back-stroke.  
In the Eighteen-score changes before set down, there's a line drawn between the figures at every bob, the changes next below each line is a bob-change.  
In the Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire bob, there are two single changes to be made. The first single change in any Peal is most commonly made as near the end of Eighteen-score changes (from the beginning) as may be, and 'tis the best way, and most convenient: For instance, sometimes it happens that one or more of those persons who do Ring this Peal, may be weary before they have Rang Eighteen-score changes, therefore upon notice given, the single change may be forborn, and then the bells will in course come round at the end of Eighteen-score changes, making a complete Peal; but after the first single change is made, the bells cannot be brought round in course, until the Seven-hundred and twenty are all made.  
There is great variety in making the single changes in each Peal, which may be made at divers places (viz.)  
The first single change in any Peal may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first or second double bobs, at which places the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, do always lie together before the bells, and the single change is to be made in third and fourth's places.  
The first single change in any Peal may also be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the first or second single bobs, at which place the whole Hunt and half Hunt do always lie together before the bells; and the quarter Hunt lies behind, therefore it must be made between the two hindmost bells.  
Or if the first bob in any Peal is a double bob, than the first single change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third double bob in that Peal, at which place the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the single is made in third and fourth's places.  
Or if the first bob in any Peal is a single bob, than the first single change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, where the whole Hunt and half Hunt do always lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt behind, therefore the single change must be made behind.  
The first single change in any Peal may also be made either at the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places the whole Hunt leads, the half Hunt lies in tenors place, and the quarter Hunt in fourth's place, therefore it must be made behind.  
The first single change in any Peal may also be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first or second double bobs, at which place the whole Hunt, and quarter Hunt do always lie together before the bells, and the half Hunt in fourth's place, therefore the single change must be made in third and fourth's places. And in most Peals, the first single change may be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob; and in some Peals, the first single change may be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third double bob (notwithstanding the first bob-change in that Peal is a single bob, as in the Eighteen-score treble, second and fourth before set down) which falls out according as the first bob change happens to be made either nearer the beginning of the Peal, or farther from it; for in some Peals, the bells will come round in course the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob. And in many Peals, the bells will come round at the fore-stroke the second time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the third double bob, etc.  
There are two single changes in every Seven-hundred and twenty, which are always made when the whole Hunt leads, the last single change in every Peal being constantly made just Eighteen-score changes from the first; for making of which, observe these Rules.  
If the first single change (in any Peal) is made the second time the whole Hunt leads after a double bob, than the second single change must be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made.  
If the first single change in any Peal is made the second time the whole Hunt leads after a single bob, than the second single change must be made the second time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made. Or if the first single change is made at a single bob, than the second single change must be made at the third single bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made.  
The second single change in every Peal must be made between those two bells, and in the same place where the first single change was made; and the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, will in course lie in the same places at the second single change, where they lay at the first: either the half Hunt, or quarter Hunt, are always one of the two bells which makes every single change. But there are many other ways to make the single changes, viz. to make them between the half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, at any dodge, where those two bells do dodge together next before a bob, etc. of which I need not say any thing more in this place, having already set down all those ways which are most easy and convenient to be practised.  
In Ringing this Peal of Grandsire bob, (with any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt) if there's no single change made within Eighteen-score changes from the beginning of the Peal, the bells will in course come round in their right places, just at the end of Eighteen-score changes.  
In any Peal of Grandsire bob, where the first is a double change, and made at the back-stroke, the last change of the Peal (which brings the bells round in their right places) is a treble change, and made at the fore-stroke.  
The Seven-hundred and twenty changes of Grandsire Bob may be Rang without making any single change therein, which way of Ringing it, is called Grandsire Bob True: that is, the changes are all true trebles and doubles without any single change therein. There are made two double changes (contrary to the course of all the double changes in the Peal) to supply the place of the two single changes, which two are called True changes; and to be made divers ways, and at several places. The first true change in any Peal may be made at the first, second, or third double bobs either at the first or second bob-change of each. At the first bob-change of any double bob it may be made, by moving the Bell in fourth's place down under two Bells at once into the seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells must make a change at the same time: for Example, in the Eighteen-score of treble, second and fourth before set down, at the first bob-change of the first double Bob, the Bells stand thus, 143526. Now the true change is made, by moving the Bell which lies in fourth's place down under two Bells at once into seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells are at the same time to make a change thus, 154362. At this place it may be made another way, by moving the hindmost Bell down under two Bells at once into the fourth's place, and the two Bells in second and thirds places are at the same time to make a change thus, 134652. At the last Bob-change of each double Bob, it may also be made two ways; one of which, is to move the Bell in fourth's down into the seconds place, and the two hindmost Bells at the same time to make a change, as I showed you before: But the best and easiest way is to move the bell which lies in fourth's place up over two bells at once into the tenors place, and the two bells in second and thirds places to make a change as at a bob: for instance, at the last bob-change of the first double bob in the Eighteen-score before set down, the figures stand thus, 143652. Now the bell in fourth's place must be moved up behind, and the two bells in second and thirds places are to make a change, 134526. The second True change in every Peal must be made just Eighteen-score changes from the first, in making of which, these Rules are to be observed. If the first true change in any Peal is made at the first bob-change of a double bob, than the second true change must be made at the first bob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first true change is made, but not reckoning that for one of the three: or if the first true change is made at the last bob-change of a double bob, than the second true change must be made at the last bob-change of the third double bob, accounting from the place where the first true change was made, but not reckoning that for one of the three. And the second true change in every Peal must be made in the same manner and place as the first; the true and single changes in Grandsire bob, are both to one and the same effect (i. e.) to alter the course of the extreme bells; for in making these changes, the whole hunt, half hunt, and quarter hunt are to continue their constant course without varition, neither of those 3 bells being any otherwise concerned therein, than at the change which should have been made, if the single or true change had been forborn.  
There is another way to Ring this Peal of Grandsire Bob, by a course differing from the former. When the whole Hunt leads, the half Hunt lies in fifth's place, and the quarter Hunt in fourth's place, than the next change is a single bob; and when the whole Hunt leads, and the half Hunt lies in fifth's place, and the quarter Hunt in thirds place, than the next change is the first bob-change of a double bob; the bobs and dodge-changes herein are made in the same manner, as those in the former way: But the bobs herein are called by a Rule differing from the former, viz. when the whole Hunt and half Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt (lying in fourth's place) dodges with the bell in thirds place, than the second time the whole Hunt comes before the bells (from that place) there is made the first bob-change of a double bob, the second bob-change being made the next time the whole Hunt leads after. When the whole Hunt and half Hunt do lie together before the bells, and the quarter Hunt (lying in fifth's place) dodges with the bell in tenors place, than the second time the whole Hunt leads (from that place) is made a single bob.  
There are two single changes in the Seven-hundred and twenty, the first single change in any Peal may be made at the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places it must be made between the 2 hindmost bells; or the first single change may be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the first, second, or third single bobs, at which places 'tis always made between the two hindmost bells. The first single change may also be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the last bob-change of the first, second, or third double bobs, where it must always be made in third and fourth's places. But in some few Peals it happens, that the bells will come round at the fore-stroke the next time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, and also after the last bob-change of the third double bob, which falls out according as the first bob-change in each Peal is made, either nearer the beginning, or farther off.  
The second single change (in every Peal) must be made Eighteen-score changes from the first, in making of which, these Rules must be observed.  
If the first single change is made at a single bob, than the second single change must be made at the third single bob from the place where the first was made. Or if the first single change is made the next time the whole Hunt leads after a single bob, than the second single change must be made the next time the whole Hunt leads after the third single bob, accounting from the place where the first single change was made. And the same Rule is observed in making it after a double bob.  
The second single change in every Peal must be made in the same place, and between those two bells which made the first single change: But (in Ringing this Peal) if you make no single change, the bells will in course come round at the end of Eighteen-score changes.  
The way to begin several of these Peals, is as follows.  
In Ringing treble, third, and fifth; and second, third, and fifth; and also third, fifth, and second; the first change is treble, and the next double, and so forward in the common course of trebles and doubles, until the first Bob in each comes to be made. In treble, second and third, the first changes are treble and double in the common course; and the second time the treble leads, there's a double Bob. In treble, tenor and second, the first changes are treble and double in the common course; and the second time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In treble, second and fifth, the first change is a dodge between the four hindmost Bells; and the second time the treble leads, there's a single Bob. In second, fourth and tenor, the first change is made between the 4 Bells in the midst. In treble, second and fourth, the first change is a dodge behind; and the second time the treble leads, there's a double Bob.   

Changes on eight Bells.  
There are 40320 several changes on 8 bells, which to Ring it is altogether impossible; the greatest Peal that ever was Rang on 8 Bells, is 1680, being only a third part of the changes on seven Bells, which are to be Rang with a whole Hunt, half Hunt, quarter Hunt, half quarter Hunt (for so you may term it) and three extreme Bells: But the most complete and musical Peal that ever was Rang on eight Bells, is Grandsire Bob, treble, second and fifth, Half-pulls, on 1.2.3.5.6.7. the fourth and the tenor lying behind every change, thus, 123567, 48. which has of late been practised by the Colledge-Youths, and excellently well performed by them. Grandsire, and Tendering sixscore on eight Bells makes good Music, 7.4.8. lying behind every change: And a sixscore (four extremes) on the six Bells in the midst, the treble leading all the way, and the tenor lying behind, making a change at first between the 4 and 5, and then proceeds forward in the sixscore, making the second the whole Hunt, and the seventh the half Hunt, it makes excellent Music; but after the sixscore changes are made, the fourth and fifth must change their places again to bring the Bells round.  

35678, 241  
12357, 864  
12357, 468  
12357, 648  
12356, 748  
34567, 218  
45678, 321  
12368, 574   
The most musical Peals that are commonly Rang on eight Bells, are these Sixscores on five, the other three Bells lying behind every change: For example, the uppermost fig. are 35678, 241. here the 35678, makes the sixscore changes, 3 the whole hunt, and 8 the half Hunt, or any others, and 241. strikes behind every change, in the same order as they now lie, and so of the rest. The three Bells which are to lie behind, must first be hunted up one after the other in order, before any of the sixscore changes are made. The Seven-score and four on the six middle Bells, the treble leading, and the tenor lying behind every change, makes good Music.   

Of Hanging Bells.  
FIrst, for the Stock, much need not be said, but of placing the Cannon's or Crown of the Bell into it, which is called Hanging of a Bell, I shall speak something: First, find out whether the Cannons be upright and true, then raise the Bell up by some Rope tied to the Cannons, and so that the Bell hang level, which you may find, by applying a Plumet to the brim, then fasten a string to the Crown-staple within the Bell, than (a Plumet being tied to the other end of the string) if the string hang in the midst between the two sides of the Bell whereon the Clapper should strike, the Crown-staple is cast into the Bell true: Now when you have hung the Bell, and let the Gudgeons in true by Keys (for therein consists the main point of the going of a Bell) then if the Clapper hang in the midst between the two striking sides, and the Stock stand upright, the Bell is well hung.  
If a Bell have a longer stroke on the one side, than the other, truss up that side which hath the short stroke more, or let the other side down, and put a piece or two of Leather in, according to the stroke; but sometimes the fault of the stroke is in the Sally, which you may remedy, by tying the Fillet (or little Cord about the rim of the Wheel, which causeth the dancing of the Rope) nearer, or farther off the main Spoke; nearer makes a short stroke, farther off the Spoke, a long one.  
And observe, that the trussing or taking up of a great Bell far into the Stock by a notch, makes the Bell go easier, and lie lighter at hand (that is) when it is set; for the farther the brim of the Bell is from the 〈◊〉 of gravity, the heavier it is: ●…ow the 〈◊〉 of gravity is a supposed line drawn through the Stock from one Gudgeon to the other; but note, if you truss a Bell up, that the Crown-staple be much above the Gudgeons, you must fasten a false Eye to the Crown-staple, and to this false Eye hang the Clapper, otherwise it will not strike so freely: Now small Bells must be trussed up short, for else the Bell hanging low, and fetching a great Compass in the swing, and having but little Compass in the brim, the Clapper keeps along by the side of the Bell, and gives no blow at all; but being hung short, the Bell fetches a quick and short Compass, equal to the bigness of the brim, and the Clapper strikes well.  
Now for the tempering of the Gudgeons, I leave it to the judgement of the Workman; but a word or two of the polishing of it. After it is filled, or turned exactly round, take two pieces of Oak, and oil one side of each, and strew fine Sand thereon, and clap them in a Smith's Vice, with the round of the Gudgeon between, then turn it about, until you think it is sufficiently polished, than oil the sides of the pieces of Oak wherein there is no Sand, and so clap them in a Vice, with the Gudgeon between, as before, then turn it round, and it will polish the Gudgeon wonderful smooth; and if the Brasses are likewise well polished, the Bell will go as well at the first, as ever: Now by the neglect of this, the roughness of the Gudgeon will wear the Brasses so unequally, that the Bell will never go smooth and steady.  
Now I would advise all Bell hangers to hang Bells with bolts of Iron to come from the Cannons through the Stock, and to fasten them with Keys at the top of the Stock, and not with plates nailed on the sides; for they are mighty inconvenient to fasten a bell that is loose in the Stock, or to alter the stroke.  
As for the Roll, let it not be without, nor within the hollow of the side of the Wheel; nor above, nor below the hollow at the bottom of the Wheel. Now the bigger a Wheel is, if the Frame will permit, the bell will go the better; when the wheel is new, nail Stays from the Stock to each Spoke, to keep it from warping.  
'Tis very convenient (if the Frame will permit) to fasten a piece of Timber about half a foot long on the end of the main Spoke at the top of the Wheel (whereon the end of the bell-rope is fastened) with a notch on the end of it; so at the setting of the bell, the Rope will hit into that notch from the Roll, and this will make the bell lie easier at hand when it is set, and fly better.   
FINIS.