THE Whole Duty OF A WOMAN: Or a Guide to the Female Sex. From the Age of Sixteen to Sixty, etc.  
Being Directions, How Women of all Qualities and Conditions, aught to Behave themselves in the Various Circumstances of this Life, for their Obtaining not only Present, but Future Happiness.  
I. Directions how to Obtain the Divine and moral Virtues of Piety, Meekness, Modesty, Chastity, Humility, Compassion, Temperance and Affability, with their Advantages, and how to avoid the Opposite Vices.  
II. The Duty of Virgins, Directing them what they ought to do, and what to avoid, for gaining all the Accomplishments required in that State. With the Whole Art of Love, etc. 3. The Whole Duty of a Wife, 4. The Whole Duty of a Widow, etc. Also, Choice Receipts in Physic, and Chirurgery With the Whole Art of Cookery, Preserving, Candying, Beautifying, etc.  
Written by a Lady.  
The Second Edition.  
London, Printed for J. Gwillim, against the Great James Tavern in Bishopsgate-street, 1696.   

LICENCED according to Order.  
D. Poplar   

THE PREFACE, TO Ladies, Gentlewomen, and others, of all Degrees.  
HAving had a Liberal, Education and many Opportunities to Improve what my Younger years were Seasoned with, I have been no ways Neglectful to myself or others, in Gaining Knowledge and Experience in such useful things, as not only already have, but further will, prove Advantageous to both; and much Oblige Posterity, when I am Resting in a Silent Grave, by a Seasonable Publication of them. For, since Age grows fast upon me, it is but Necessary I should do all the Good I can, before I go out of this World, that I may find the Comfort of it in another.  
Three things we are Chief Born for, Viz.  
1. TO Serve GOD.  
2. Our Country.  
And Lastly Our Slves.  
Though some, not minding this Rule, make the Latter the only Scope of their Lives; but are more Lightly concerned about the two Antecedents: Yet their Practices ought to be no Discouragement, nor Example.  
You will find in this Work, such Variety of all things, properly Adapted to our Sex, that you must (I believe) Confess, there is nothing that Reasonably Contributes to a perfect Accomplishment, or Management, in the several Stages, or Stations of Life, Omitted, And therefore I could Frame to myself no properer Title, than that of The Whole Duty of a Woman. Especially from the Age of Sixteen, to Sixty: For between these periods there is found the Truest Portion of Good in this Life. If it be Considered, that on the other side, first the Vnderstaning is Weak and Green, Uncapable of forming Sound Notions, of things Solid, and Substantially profitable; either as they tend to Outward, or Inward Tranquillity. And passing the Latter, Age, and its uneasy Attendants, frequently Debilitate the Faculties; and as it were, Seize on, and Carry away the Memory, in a large Degree; However, it may Tolerably in one Sense or other, suit Tender Years, and Extreme Age, by Directing them in such Ways and Methods, as cannot but reasonably Afford them all reasonable Advantages, and Satisfaction; especially to keep up a Healthful Constitution here, and Teach them to Trace those paths of Virtue, that Led to the Well-Springs of Life, and Endless Health hereafter.  
But not to Delay your Expectation, in dwelling long on a Preface, never doutbting, but it will sufficiently commend itself, without any further Apology, I Bequeath it to you as my Legacy; and indeed, the last in this kind, I shall be capable of Presenting you withal; Hoping you will Seriously Weigh and Consider it, as it was Meant, and Intended for your Good and Singular Advantage.   

THE Whole Duty OF A WOMAN.  

CHAP. I. Directions how to Obtain the Divine and Mortal Virtues of Piety, Meekness, Modesty, Chastity, Humility; Compassion, Temperance, and Affability; with their Advantages: And how to Avoyed the opposite Vices, as Impiety, Obstinacy, Immodesty, Uncleanness, Pride, uncharitableness, Intemperence, and Disdain; with the Mischiefs that attend them.  
BEING to Treat of the many Graces and Virtues that are required to be strictly Observed by our Sex, I think I cannot do better than to ●egi● with that which more, immediately ●s r●●●ired to Beautify the Soul; and so o●●he ●est in order.  
Piety then is an excellent adornment to the Soul and Body. And indeed Sollomon well Admonished, when he bid you Remember your, Creator in the days of your Youth, for your Duty to God is an Introduction to all other Felicities in this World, and that to come  
Be therefore mindful of this, Pray earnestly, that he may enable you in the performence of it. Meditate on this Love and Kindness towards you, that he may continue his Blessings, and increase them to your comfort. Consider you are wholly God's Portion, by title of Creation; and that whatever you enjoy proceeds from him, as the Waters Flow from the Fountain: And therefore all your Endeavours Faculties, and Powers must be entirely employed in his Service, in doing all the good you can, our Sex being privileged with great advantages of this Kind, by reason of the leisure that have to proceed in it.  
2. It is not alone sufficient that the Service of God is imprinted in our Minds, but it must be put into Practice, and nothing that is in your power omited; and if you fail in either, you must redouble your, diligence, to  the time you have spent a miss; with full resolutions and purposes to be more cautious for the future. And be often in Meditation and Prayer, That no Temptation may find an opportunity to six upon your wandering Thoughts; these two are the main Pillars of Religious Duty. They are like the Spies that searched the Land of Canan, the one views and the other gathers and brings it home as the sweetest Fruits of Heaven. Meditation like the Eye, views our Mercies; and prayer, like the Hand, reaches to us those Mercies: Or Meditation is like a Factor, who goeth abroad to gather in what you want; and Prayer, like a Ship, goeth forth and bringeth to you what you desire: And is both the Duty of the soul and Body.  
3. Let God be all in all with you; set your affections upon nothing that may divide you from him, for that is a Robing him of his Honour; and then Remember he is a Jealous God Love him with all your Heart, and all your Soul, and all your Strength.  
Be in Kindness and Charity with all People. Relieve those that are in want according to your Ability. Instruct those that do Amiss; and Persuade them to amend and reform their Lives. Give no occasion of Scandal or Reproach: but let your Conversations set an Example to other 〈…〉 your Private Devotions be Frequent 〈…〉; and in the public Assemblies of 〈◊〉 Worship, behave yourselves with all 〈…〉, Modesty, and becoming Decency 〈◊〉 neither your Thoughts nor Eyes warder. Be attentive and fix your mind on what was the occasion of your coming thither, that God's Grace may flow to you, and so his Word may be Imprinted in your Hearts. Forget not to Communicate; but above all be sure by Prayer, Self-examination, Works of Mercy and Charity, to prepare yourselves for the reception of that Adorable Mystery. Let not Anger nor Passion prevail over you, but be Humble and Meek, and so shall you prosper in all your ways. You shall have a goodly heritage, and your line shall fall happily in a fair Land: For the Lord shall be your Portion, and your exceeding great Reward. He will give you the Blessings of the Right Hand and of the Left; Protect and keep you safe in this life, and in the next make you to Dwell with him in Eternal Glory. When on the contrary  
Impiety is that which Poisons the Sweets of Life, Taints you Names and Reputations, and Wounds your Souls; Lays perpetual Snares and Stumbling-blocks in your way, to make you fall into various mischiefs. But that which is most grievous to be born, it makes God your Enemy in the end; whose Anger is sharper than a two Edged Sword. In brief, Sin is a Monster that came into the World by the disobedience of our first parents; and brought with it a world of woes; and though the Devil, who is its Parent, labours, by his Agents, very industriously, to cover its Deformities, under borrowed names and specious pretences, yet, to the Eyes of the Virtuous, it is so Ugly and Deformed, that it is to be loothed and abhored; for besides the innumerable mischiefs it compasses here, to unthinking Souls, as it at its first entrance brought our Temporal Death along with it, so, if you hug it in your Bosom, and carry it out of the world with you, it will lead you into Eternal Death and Damnation. Therefore as it is an Enemy to God, be you always at enmity with it, so that at last you may arrive at the end, of Glory, by all the ways of Grace, Prudence and Religions.  
Meekness is not only Recommended to all, as a Christian Virtue, but particularly to Women, as a peculiar Accomplishment of the Sex. And St. Peter, after the mentioning of all exquisite and costly Deckings of Art, commends to you above all, this one Ornament of a Meek and Quiet Spirit; with this eminent attestation, That it is in the sight of God of great Price. And therefore to all that will not enter into Dispute with God, and Contest his Judgement, it must be so. But although Meekness be in itself an entire single Virtue, yet it is Diversified according to the several Faculties of the Soul, over which it has Influence; so that there is the Meekness of Understanding, a Meekness of the Will, and a Meekness of the Affections; all of which concur to make up a meek and quiet Spirit. And of these in their Order.  
1. The Meekness of the Understanding consists in a pliableness to Conviction, owning our Faults and unworthiness without repining.  
2. The Meekness of the Will lies in its subordination and submission to a more supreme Authority, which is, Divine things, is The Will of God; and in Natural and Moral, Reason; and in Human constitutions, the Command of Superiors: And so long as the Will Governs itself by these, in their respective orders, it transgresses not the Meekness required of it.  
3. The Meekness of the Affections consists in reducing the Passions to a Calm Temper, not suffering them to make uproars within, to disturb one's self, nor without, to disquiet others; and to this Regulation Meekness is generally Subservant. Its Opposites are then to be computed Threefold, viz.  
1. Conceitedness, That is a Fancy that all you do is stamped as Standard, and passes Current in your own Conceit, how bad soever your Actions appears in the Eyes of others, or are really so in themselves, being your own Judge without harkening to convincing Reasons, or just Reproof.  
2. Obstinancy in Resisting the motions of God's Holy Spirit, or harkening to the wholesome Advice and Directions of those he has set over you, to watch for your Soul. And in the Second Branch, in Resisting the Powers he has Ordained, and put in Authority over you, spurning against Reason and Justice.  
3. Inordinate Passions troublesome, to yourselves and others as Revenge, Fury, etc. But that you may Avoid these, hear what our Saviour says, viz. Blessed are the Meek in Spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.  
1. Modesty is properly termed, The Science of Decent Motion; as being a guider and regulater of all decent and comely Carriage and Behaviour; Checking and controlling Rudeness, and any thing tending to Confidence and unmannerliness; and is held the great Civilizer of Conversation; Balancing the Mind with humble and sober thoughts of yourselves, and Ordering every part of the outward frame, in the most winning and obliging manner.  
2. It appears in the Face in calm and comely Looks, where it makes due impressions; so that it seems from thence to have Acquired the Name of Shame-facedness. And truly, what ever the Modern Opinion of some may be, there is nothing adds a greater Lustre to Feminine Beauty.  
3. Modesty confines itself not to the Face only, for there it may, in some sense, be said to be in Shadow and Effigy, but spreads itself in life, Motion and Words: banishing all Indecency and Rudeness; all Insolent Vaunt and Supercilious Deigns, or what else may render our Sex troublesome or uneasy to Company or Conversation. It Refines and Tunes the Language, Modulates the Tone and Accents; not admitting the Intrusion of unhansom, earnest, or Loud Discourse. So that the Modest Tongues is like the imaginable Music of the Spheres, sweet and charming, but not to be heard at distance.  
4. As Modesty prescribes the manner, so it also does the measure of Speaking. It restrains all excessive Talkativeness, for that indeed is one of the greatest assume imaginable; and so rude an imposing on Company, that there can scarce be a greater Indecency in Conversation.  
Modesty therefore ought, if you have respect to Virtue and a good Name, to appear in its highest elevation. Your Looks, your Speech, and the course of your whole Behaviour, should own an humble distrust of yourselves; rather being willing to learn and observe, than to dictate and prescribe, unless upon very Emergent occasions, and that to those that are rambling in the Paths of looseness. And therefore, as you value your Reputation, keep up to the strictness of this Virtue, lest when you conceive it not amiss, in trivial matters, to launch beyond the bounds of Modesty, you are violently carried too far to Retreat before you are ware; as I shall show you in the contrary on this Excellent Adornment of our Sex.  
Immodesty is held, even in Heathen Nations, a great Reproach and Scandal, especially where it is found in Women; and St. Paul, who spoke by an excellent Spirit, Commands, That Women Adorn themselves in Modest Apparel, with Shamefacedness, and Sobriety; not with Broidered Hair, or Gold, or Pearl, or costly Array, but (which becometh Women professing Godliness) with God's Works, 1. Tim. 2.9. So that when those that are not well affected to Modesty, have strained their Art to the highest pitch, an Innocent Modesty and native Simplicity of Looks, will Eclipse their Imaginary Splendour and Triumph over their Artificial Beauties. And indeed, if a Woman be Adorned with all the Embellishments of Art, and care of Nature to boot, yet, if Boldness Scorn, and haughty Looks be imprinted in her Face, They blot out all the Lines of Comeliness, and, like a dark Cloud over the Sun, shade the view of all that was otherwise Amiable; and renders its blackness but the more observable, by being placed nearer somewhat that was apt to attract the Eyes, and leave a strain on their Names and Reputations. burning desires and impatient waitings, Tediousness, Delay, Sufferance of Affronts, and Amazement of Discovery. Chastity, above all, is so essential and Natural to our Sex, that every declination from it, is a proportionable receding from Whomanhood; but the total abandoning it, ranks you among Bruits, and sets you as far beneath those, as anquired vileness is below a native. An Unchaste Woman is looked upon as a kind of a Monster; a thing divided and distorted from its proper form, espicially by  and Virtuous Persons. And I dare Appeal to the forwardest of them, that thus go astray (and in dishonouring themselves, give occasion of Scandal to our Sex) whether, at first, they could not with more ease have kept their Virtue than have lost it? Certainly such are the Horrors and Shame that precedes those first Guilts, that they must, as it may be termed, commit a Rape upon themselves, (force their own reluctancy and aversions) before they can become willing Prostitutes to others; this their Seducers seem wellenough to understand, and upon that score, are at the pains of so many preparative Court, and expense of presents, as if this was so uncouth a Crime, that there were no hopes t●●●●troduce it, but by a Confederacy of some more familiar Vices, as Pride, or Covetousness: Therefore have a care of the Snares.  
2. Know you not, saith St. Paul, That your Body is the Temple of the Holy Ghost? 〈◊〉 this be so, will you defile it, when God himself threatens to destroy you if you do? But I shall conclude this Section Briefly, in the words of St. Gregory, Uncleanness, says he, is the Parent of these Monsters, viz. Blindness of Mind, Inconsideration, Precipitancy or Giddiness in Actions, Self Love, Harred of God, Love of present Pleasures, a despite or despair of the Joys of Religion here, and of Heaven hereafter. Whereas a Pure Mind, in a  Body, is the Mother of Wisdom and Deliberation, Sober Councils, and Ingenious Actions, Open Deportment and Sweet Carriage, Sincere Principles, and unprejudiced Understanding, Love of God, and Self Denial, Peace and Confidence, Holy Prayers, and Spiritual Comforts, a Pleasure of Spirit infinitely greater than the Foolish and Beastly Pleasures of Unchastity. And therefore to overcome it, is certainly the greatest Pleasure; for indeed no Victory is greater than that which is gotten over Lustful Inclinations.  
Humility is a great Ornament to your Sex; and the Graces of it are Exercised by the following Rules.  
1. Think not yourselves better for any thing that happens to you from without, for though you may have many Gifts bestowed upon you better than others, yet consider you are a Mortal Creature, wholly relying; as well as others, upon God's Protection, Mercy, and Providence; and have nothing to commend you to yourself, but that you have a little time to employ in his Service who brought you into the World, and in whose hands are all your Riches, and Honours; and even your Breath of Life: Who can, if he pleases, take from you what he has given, and bestow it on the Poorest and Meanest Person on Earth. However, Humility consists not in Railing against yourself, or in going in base Apparel, walking softly or submissively, but in a hearty & mean Opinion of yourselves; being content to want Praise or outward Applause, not troubled or angry when you are slighted or undervalved. Never be ashamed of your Birth, or Parents, or Calling; for the Meanness or Poverty of any of them, but speak as readily and indifferently of Meanness as you would do of Greatness Primislaus, King of Bohemia, was raised (by the Queen casting her Affections accidentially on him as she passed by his Field) from the Plough to the Throne, yet was so humble, That he kept his country Shoes always by him, to put him in mind of his lowly condition. And King Agathoeles Furniture of his Table demonstrated that he was raised from a Potter to be King of Sicily. But why need I insist upon these? When the King of Kings propounded himself to Imitable by his Disciples, so Signally in nothing as in the Twin Sisters, viz. Mee●ness and Humility, Learn, says he, of me, for I am Meek and Humble, and you shall find Rest to your Souls  
2. Never speak any thing directly tending to your own Praise, that is, on purpose to be Commended; and when you have said or done any thing for which you cannot avoid receiving Praise, take it indifferently; and then disrobing yourself of it return it to God; Reflecting upon him as the Giver of the Gift, or the blesser of the Action: And give him thanks for making you an Instrument of his glory, or the Benefit of others. Secure a good Name to yourselves, by living Virtuously and Humbly, but let it be Nursed abroad, and not in your own Bosom. Let your Faces, like Moses, shine to others, but make no looking-Glass for yourselves. use no Stratagem or devices to get praise, nor seek for any reward here, but walking uprightly and humbly with God, and those you Converse with here, you shall one day be exalted to Heaven, when the Proud and haughty shall sink in the depth of Misery.  
Pride is Opposite to humility, as Light is to Darkness; and indeed in the last day, The latter will lead you to the first, and the former, those that court it, to the last.  
1. Consider then what such vile Creatures, who are but Dust and Ashes, have to be Proud of: If of our Bodis, those are week and impure, subject to Diseases, Decays, to Die, Corrupt in a Grave, and turn to Rottenness.  
2. Is it your Strength you boast or grow proud in? In that you are inferior to many Irrational Creatures: Nay, That which makes too many of our Sex Proud and look down with disdain, even the conceit of beauty, is of no value, to make such a swelling in their minds, seeing, in colour and fragrancy, they are Rivalled and out done by various Flowers; and when it is most florid and gay, a few Agus Fits change it into paleness, and Wrinkles of Deformity.  
3. If Proud of Learning or Parts, the first of these, in its proper sphere, runs contrary to Pride, teaching Humility, The second, Civility and a modest behaviour. To be Proud of Riches is yet more Foolish; for if you will exalt yourself above others because you have more Gold, consider, at your own rate, how much you are inferior to a Gold Mine; how much you are to give place to a Cabinet of Jewels. If Proud of your Birth, you are Proud of the Blessings of others, not of your own; For if your Parent were more Eminent in any circumstance than your Neighbours, you are to thank God, and Rejoice in them more than any value in yourself. Remember then to check all pride in your mind; For what were you before you were begotten? Nothing. What in the first Regions of your Dwelling, before your Birth? Uncleanness. What for many years after? Weakness. What in all your Life? A great Sinner. What in all your Excellencies? A mere Debtor to God, to your Parents, to the Earth, and to many Creatures. Mediate but on these things, and you will soon find there is nothing more reasonable than to be Humble, and nothing more foolish than to be Proud.  
1. Compassion seems-Natural to our Sex, whose soft Breasts were made to entertain tenderness and pity So that I find Solomon could not conclude the Character of his Virtuous Women without it, Prov. 31.20. She stretcheth forth her hands to the Poor; and reaches her Bread to the needy. That is, She was Compassionate, and had Bowels full of Mercy; and when she saw any poor object, it did, as it were, command an Alms. So that the Application is very obvious, and Admonishes all that own the title of Virtuous Women, to prefer the Necessities of others before their own Superfluities and Delicacies. Nay if you look further, and consider who it is that is Personated in the Poor, that Beggs in every needy distressed suppliant, and that will own every act of Mercy as done to himself, you will moderate your Enjoyments, and exercise your selves in this act of Compassion, as ashamed to serve yourselves before the Poor, or let them stand Naked, or Hungry, whilst you are sollacing  that which would Relive them; lest at the General Day, when you stand in the greatest need, you be justly upbraided with this want of Compassion; and Eternally excluded from all Comforts, because you refused to lend my succour to his Distressed Members on Earth, which he takes as done unto himself.  
2. Consider if the Bowels of Gods tender Mercy should be shut up towards you, in what a miserable condition you would be, when from his bounty proceeds all that you Enjoy. Look up to the giver with a serious Contemplation of Mind, and you will soon perceive to what end his Donations are bestowed upon you; and find the Stock he has Lent, is mainly to Try you in this Virtue of Compassion or Charity, to those he has restrained the things of this World from; And than you will find it a very commendable Industry, to qualify yourselves to be helpful to the poor, in as many Instances as you can: In not only opening your Purses, but Dispensatories, to provide Medicines for such as by Disease or Casualty want that sort of Relief. A Charity which I dare not belive but is practised by many, and I wish it beware by more; That our Niser Dames who Study only Cosmeticks for themselves, would change the Scene, and instead of Repairing, or rather Disguising their own Complexions, Study the Reparation of the Decrepit Limbs of poor Suppliants: And certainly, though it be less Fashionable, it is a much better sight to see a Lady binding up a Sore, then Beautifying her Face; and she will cast a much sweeter favour in God's Nostrils, with the Smell of Unguents and Balsams, then with the most exquisite Odours and Perfumes. For since God professes, Isa. 1. That the very Incense designed for a part of his Worshhip, was an Abomination to him, because not accompanied with the Acts of Mercy, we cannot imagine he will better approve of those, who have no higher aim than Delicacy and Sensuality.  
3. Besides this part of Compassion, there is another act of Mercy; which is to forgive Injuries, laying aside all resentments and thoughts of Revenge, though to some of the hot Spirits of our Sex, this may be thought a very hard Lesson, yet if they do not, they must confess they dissemble with God, when they say The Lord's prayer, or at least not expect to be forgiven those Trespasses which they implore a Pardon for. Consider yet again, That God knows the Secrets of all Hearts, and if we forgive not others, we cannot expect to be Forgiven.  
1. Uncharitableness is that which Strikes at the Foundation of Christianity. And those that divest themselves of Mercy and Compassion, but in vain declare themselves to be Christians. For, what can you think of yourselves, when you wilfully disobey what Christ has chief Enjoyner you, and in Lieu of it, promises Salvation And more specially, How can you answer it if you suffer him to be Supplanted in his poor suffering Members, not only be your Needs, but Excesses, who have so devoted your Hearts to Vanity and Luxury, That you have neither Will nor Power to secure the wants of others? How unequal and disproportionate is it, That those that Study fling away Money on themselves, cannot be tempted, by any opportunity or distress, to Drop an Alms to the Poor! What a Preposterous sight, it is, to See a Lady whose Gay Attire gives her the glittering of the Sun, yet has nothing of its other Properties, never to cheer any Drooping, Languishing Creature by her Influence? It is the Council of the son of Sirach, Not to give the Poor any occasion to Curse you Eccl. 4.5. but sure such Persons do it, if the Poor have not a greater Charity than they exemplify to them; for when they find such Hard Hearts under such Soft Raiments, and a Poor, Starving Wretch shall look upon such Gay Creatures, and see that any one of their Baubles and Lose Appendages, or Dress, bear a price that would warm their Empty Bowels, and refreth their Fainting Spirits, 'tis a shrewd trial of their Meekness. Poverty is apt enough of itself to embitter the spirit, and needs not such an additional Temptation. Let this, I say, be now seriously Remembered, lest you fall hereafter under the same exprobrating Remembrance with the Rich Man in the Gospel, Luke 16.25. Remember that thou in thy Life-time receivedst thy good things, and Lazarus that which was Evil; but now he is comforted and thou art Tormented.  
2. Besides this part of Mercy in giving Alms, there is another, which is forgiving Injuries to Persons of all Ranks: This is that part of Compassion which we peculiarly call Clemency; a Virtue which not only Christianity but Morality recommends. The Heathens were admired in this; and the Christians far exceeded them in the Primitive Times, following the Example of their great Lord and Master, who prayed for his Crucifiers, viz. Father forgive them, etc. Luke 31.34. But now we find it much altered, & therefore it ought to be amended by those that expect to be forgiven of God, Revenge and Malice being the offspring of Satan, having innumerable Mischiefs and Miseries attending them; and therefore they must be avoided as Monsters made for Ruin and Destruction. It should therefore methinks be an easy determination, whether to Embrace that Clemency and Compassion which you see Exemplified in the Wisest and Best of Men, or that Savage Fierceness of the Ignoble Creatures. This is certain, That there is not any Woman would be contented to assume the outward form of any Ravenous, Revengeful Creature. Why then should you subject your Nobler Parts and Mind to such Transformation? For as there is no Monster so Deformed as those Compounded of Man and Beast, so nothing can be more Unnatural, or Odious than a Woman Tiger.  
Temperance, as Sobriety is the Bridle of the Passions of Desire, so Temperance is the Bit and Curb to restrain us to a moderate use of Meat, Drink and Recreations, so that they may best consist with our Health, and not hinder, but help the work of the Soul, by the necessary supports they administer; and this principally consists in the Act of the Soul, for it is a Grace that chooses natural means in order to promote Natural and Holy Ends. It is Exercised in Eating and Drinking, because they are necessary, however it permits the use of them only as they Minister to Lawful Health; but when Delight is the only End, and rests and dwells there long, tending to Riot, there it is the contrary; for such Eating and Drinking is not a Serving God, but an Inordinate Action, because it is not in the way to that end: And to avoid these Latter,  
1. Be not often at great Feasts, nor at all in Dissolute Company, for variety of objects Steals away the Heart; and Company is either Violent or Enticing.  
2. Be severe in your Judgement concerning your Proportion, and suffer no occasion to make you enlarge beyond what is ordinary, lest you exceed the bounds of Moderation; and as you take this caution yourself, never urge any one to Eat or Drink beyond their desires. Take, in this, St. Paul's Advice, Let us, who are of the day, be Sober, etc.  
3. Begin and end your time with Thanksgiving, so that you may carry your Mind and spirit to the Celestial Table, often thinking on it, and often desiring it, that by enkindling your desires to Heavenly Banquets, you may be indifferent and less Passionate for the Earthly. Mingle Discourses pious, or in some sense profitable, and in all sense; charitable and innocent. To Conclude, Let your Drink so serve your Meat, as your Meat doth your Health, that it be apt to convey and digest it and refresh the Spirits, but let it never go beyond such Refreshment as may a little lighten the present Load of a Sad or Troubled Spirit; never to Inconveniency, Lightness, Sottishness, Vanity or Intemperance. Be not Impatiently desirous of any thing, so that you cannot Abstain from it, for that is to lose your Liberty and to become a Servant to Meat and Drink.  
Intemperance is hurtful to Nature, by Creating Diseases; to your Good name, by bringing a Scandal on it; and to your Soul, by clogging the Spirits and hindering it in the Offices of its Devotion, especially Intemperance in Drinking, a Vice Detestable in all, but prodigious in a Woman, who in that case puts a double violence upon her Nature, the one in the Intemperance, the other in the Immodesty; and though such may take their Copy from Men, yet nothing Human is such a Beast as a woman who gives herself every way up to Intemperance.  
Affability, is so becoming our Sex, that it is one of their Chiefest Ornaments, in Moral Virtues; and more absoluely necessary in them than in Men. As for its Cause, it derives itself either from a Native Candour and Generosity of Mind, or from a Noble and Ingenious Education, or something jointly from both; and these are as good Originals as any thing Merely Moral can flow from: And this Virtue reaches further, and grasps at that which is Divine, for as far as it partakes of Humility: it must of Sincerity also, that being a Virtue whose very Elements are Plainness and Simplicity; for as it has no designs that want a cover, so it needs none of those Subtleties and Simulations, those Pretences and Artifices requisite to those that do. 'Tis the Precept of the Apostle, Philip. 2.3. In Lowlyness of Mind let each esteem others better than themselves.  
2. Courtesy and an Affable Carriage and Behaviour are such Charms, that they Endear all, but especially your Inferiors, to you, and keep up a Reputation in spite of many blemishes: A kind Word or Look from a Superior is strangely taking, and Insensibly Steals away the Heart. The Grecians comparing the Affability and Easy Access of Cleomene, with the Sullen State and Pride of other Princes, were so Enamoured with it, that they judged him only worthy to be their King; and as there is no certainer, so also no cheaper way of gaining Love, and winding into the Affections of those you Converse with: A Friendly Salutation is as easy as a Frown, or Reproach; and that Kindness may be preserved by them, which, if once forfeited, will not at a far greater price be recovered. Besides, when Vicissitudes are considered, it may be a Providence to you, the greatest Persons, upon the turns of Fortune, often stand in need of the assistance of the meanest, and then you will be sure of Friends at need to Comfort you; and Rejoice that by your Affability you have Linked them to your Interest.  
Disdain is contrary to this, and will not fail to procure you Enemies, as it is itself an enemy to Civil Society and Conversation: Frowns, Haughty Looks, Surly Words, or an expectation of more Cringing and Submission than is due, cannot be well relished or digested. A Proud Temper is hateful to all, especially that are of an Affable Disposition, it shows the Birth, or Spirit mean or poor; and gives a suspicion that it is but a Pageantry of some Mushroom newly sprung up that stands so stiff. So that instead of keeping others at distance, this invites them to a nearer inspection, that if there be any flaw either in their Life or Birth, 'twill be sure to e discovered, there being no such prying Inquisitor as Curiosity, urged 〈◊〉 a sense of Contempt.   

CHAP. II. The Duty of Virgins: Directing them what they ought to Do, and what to Avoid, 〈◊〉 gaining all the Accomplishments Requir●● in that State. With the Whole Art of Love Being Directions how to Receive the Addresses either of a Nobleman, Gentleman, o● Tradesmen, with that Prudence, as not 〈◊〉 be accounted Scornful, Morose, or Fond● Whereby Persons of the Meanest Rank, ma● Raise their Fortunes to the highest pitch o● Honour and Greatness.  
HAving given you an Account of thos● General Qualifications which are a● once the Duty and Ornament of your Se● there are notwithstanding Specific differences arising from the several States and Circumstances of Life, some whereof, may exact ●reater degrees even of the former Virtues, and all may have some distinct or particular Requisites adapted to that particular State and Condition; and therefore of these my purposed Method engages me to Consider in their Order; That is of Virginity, Marriage, and Widowhood. Which as they differ widely from each other, so for the discharging their respective Duties, there are particular Cautions worthy to be Adverted.  
Virginity, or the Virgin State, is first in ●●der, (the Infancy and Childhood of which willingly pass over, and Address myself ●●ou, when it is supposed you are at Years 〈◊〉 Discretion; and that may be properly ●●anted at the Age of Sixteen, and so onward.) This is that part of Life that claims ● great share of Virtue and Innocency to set ●t off with a true Lustre, but above all Modesty, as it relates to Chastity and Decent behaviour, in which you in this State are ●ore especially concerned, for the very ●ame of Virgin imports a Critical Niceness in ●s Point. Every Indecent Curiosity, or Im●e Fancy is a Deflowering of the Mind; and ●ery the least Corruption of them gives ●me Degrees of Defilement to the Body too, or between the State of Pure Unspotted 〈◊〉 Choosing Employeth an Approving, and if you six on any against whom the World ● as given Judgement, 'tis not so well natured as altogether to believe you are Averse to the way of Living they follow, ●nce it doth not Discourage you from admitting such into your Bosom Secrets; and 〈◊〉 lest you will be looked upon as a well ●isher, if not a partner in their Faults, if ●ou can forgive or slightly pass them over, 〈◊〉 is not presumed you be less Indulging to ourselves.  
If it happen after your Engagement, that ●ose you have Contracted Friendship with ●ould Deviate from the Rules of Virtue, ●ou ought however not to be over Credu●us by show of Belief in the beginning of ●e Discovery, but being well informed of ●e Truth, you must, without breaking too ●oughly, make a fair and quick Retreat ●om such mistaken Acquaintance, lest in ●eing too trady, the Scandal and Gild re●ect upon your Good Name and Reputation: And this is so nice a Point, That as ●ou must not be too hasty to join in the ●ensure of your Friends, so on the other side, ●ot to Defend them with too much warmth; or if the Report be True, you will draw ●n ill Appearance upon yourself, and it will be Conjectured you Plead in this Case not without some Consideration to yourself; your Ignorance may lessen the Gild but will improve the Censure of the Just upon you. Let the Good Se●se of thosE you contract Friendship with, be a chief Ingredient in your Choice of them, else let your Reputation be never so clear, it may 〈◊〉 Clouded by their Faults.  
Censure is to be avoided as much 〈◊〉 may be, either by you on others, or in L●ving so that you give no Occasion for i● And before you give it on others, let th● cause of it be considered, and then you a● not to give Sentence as a Magistrate, or as ● you had special Authority to bestow 〈◊〉 your Discretion, a good or an ill Name; an● when you do it, dwell not too long upon 〈◊〉 but give a gentle touch and so pass it over unless you can do good by it, in Reclaiming Vice and promoting the ways of Virtue and this must be done as privately as m● be, lest the Party Judging Uncharitable of your Intentions, runs into worse Occasi●● of Scandal, and it Reflect upon your fo● making your ill-timed Reproaches. A Virtue stuck with Thorns is too rough for the Age, and therefore it must, to make 〈◊〉 more pleasing, be Adorned with so●● Flowers, or else in these particulars it will be unwillingly Entertained; so that where it may be sit to strike, do it as Easily and Gentle as you can, do it in the Tenderness of our Sex, and so you may assure yourselves, That where you care to do it, you will wound them more, and do less Hurt to yourself, by a gentle Stroak, than by being Harsh and Violent; Be therefore quick in seeing Faults, that you may avoid them in yourself, but slow in Exposing them: You are in this, as in all other Cases, to consider the Invisible thing called a good Name, it is made up of the Breath of Numbers that speak well of you, so that if by a Disobliging Word you silence the Meanest, the Gale which is to bear up your Esteem will lose of its Strength, and let it a little flag; and though nothing is so vain as the two earnest pursuit of Empty Applause, yet to be kindly Used and well thought on by the World, is like a Glory above a Woman's Head; it's like a Perfume that Scents wherever she goeth; it is a Charm against Spite and Ill-will; Malice may empty her Quiver without Wounding, for without the consent of the World, a Scandal doth not go deep, it is only a slight stroke upon the injured Party, Returning with greater force upon the Inflictor.  
Behaviour and Conversation, in this you must take Virtue and Prudence along with you for your Guard: Be Vigilant and Cautions, because in this particular you will have many Eyes upon you, and therefore it must incline strangely towards the Reserved Part, yet not altogether Excluding a mixture of Freedom, so far as it may be Innocent and Seasonably Timed; yet if you find this makes your Carriage subject to Censure, you must in some measure restrain it; for if you see the Danger at never so great a distance, you are at that time to shorten the Line of Liberty; for if you allow yourself to go to the extent of every thing that is Lawful, you are so very near going farther, that thosE who lie at Watch will begin to count upon you, Mankind, from the double Temptation of Vanity and Desire being very ready to Construe every thing a Woman doth to the hopeful side; and few will make an Impudent attempt till they have some Glimmering of Encouragement. It's more safe therefore to prevent such forwardness, than to go about to Cure it; because from the first Allowances it gathereth strength, and so claims a Right from having been at any time suffered without Impunity. Therefore in all your Conversation avoid such a Civility as may, in this matter, be taken for an Invitation. Beward how you bring a Cloud upon your Reputation, in giving way to that which many Women call an Innocent Liberty or Freedom; for there are many of our Sex that will be very ready to help on the least appearance that giveth a Handle to be ill Turned. They will not be displeased to Improve their own Value at the loss of your Reputation, when there is a fair occasion given, for it distinguishes them the more, Exalts their Credit higher, and, like a Picture set off with Shades, they seem Fairer when they make your Actions to be less innocent than theirs; and it seems to them, That their load of infamy is lessened by throwing part of it upon others: So that they will not only Improve when it lieth in their way, but take pains to Find out the least Mistake an Innocent Woman Committeth, in Revenge of the supposed Injury she does, in leading a Life which is a Reproach to them.  
However, even to the other Sex, you must shun Illbred Affected shiness, nor use an unsuitable Roughness to your own; for these are unnecessary to your Virtue. But you must take up a way of Living, that may prevent all course Raileries, or Unmannerly Freedoms; carry Looks that may forbid without Rudeness, and Oblige without Invitation: But this is so very Nice that it must Engage you to have a perpetual watch upon your Eyes, That no careless Glances give more Advantage that Words, for those may be thrown out a● random, and bear doubtful meanings: but Men look on the Eyes as the Heart's Interpreters, and gather more Assurance from them of Encouragement, than from the Tongue, their Language being more significant and observable to Men.  
Your Civility, which must be always preserved, must not by any means be carried to a Compliance, which may Betray you into irrecoverable Mistakes; for the doubtful word Compliance has lead more of our Sex into blame than all other things, carrying them by degrees, into a thing called a good kind Woman, an Easy, Idle Creature, that bath neither Good nor Ill but by Chance, not having Judgement or Choice, but leaveth those to the Company she Converses withal to frame and determine for her.  
Diversion is an easement and satisfaction in the Toils of Live; a Refreshment both of the Body and Mind. But than it must be Moderate and Suitable, not too Eager in the pursuit of Pleasure; for that, whilst you are young, is Dangerous, and to catch at it in Riper Years, is grasping a Shadow; for then, being less Natural, it grows Indecent; and indeed though you suppose you have it, you will find your mistake, or at lest cannot hold it.  
Diversions are the most properly applied to Ease, and Relieves (as I have hinted) those that are oppressed by being too much Employed. Those that are Idle have less need of them, though above all others they are most given to them. To Unbend our Thoughts when they are overstretched by too much Care, is not more Natural than it is necessary: But to turn your whole Life into one large Holiday, not only palls the Pleasure, but renders you Ridiculous.  
The Mind as well as the Body is tired by being always in one posture, too Serious Breaketh, and too Diverting Loosneth it; 'tis only variety that giveth the Savoury Relish; a frequent repetition grows first to Indifferency, and after that becomes tedious, but whilst they are well chosen and well timed, they cannot be , yet to make yourself cheap by tiring others with your Diversion, in one of the meanest things that can be done.  
To Play sometimes to Entertaim Company, or to Divert yourself, is not to be Disallowed; but to do it often, to be called a Gamester, is utterly to be avoided, next to the things that are Criminal. It Engages you to a habit of Idleness; and ill Hours Introduce you into ill mixed Company, whilst you neglect your Civilities abroad, and your Business at home, draw you to Acquaintance that will not be for your Credit. And indeed if you should see your own Faces upon an ill Game, at a deep Stake, you would certainly desist from any thing that could put your Looks under such a disadvantage.  
To Dance, or Play on any suitable Instrument of Music is commendable; but, in the first place, Remember the end of your Learning of it was, That you might the better know to move Gracefully, for it is only an advantage so far, and when it goeth beyond it, one may call it Excelling in Music, which is no great Commendation. As for the latter, it is to Delight the Sadness of the Mind, and Tune over Melancholy Hours; but be careful not to do these often, because you do them well; the easiest and safest Method is to do it in Private Company, amongst particular Friends, and then Carelessly like a Diversion, and not with Study and solemnity, as if it was a Business, or yourself over much Affected with it.  
Bebaviour to Superiors, etc. As to these in the first place, you must render what is seemly, that is, such Civility and Obliging Respectfulness, as may win upon them, not only to Esteem you, but rank you among the number of their Friends, and speak well of your deportment and demeanour, as one of an Ingenious Education and good Parts.  
Equals must be treated with all Civility and Freedom the occasion requires, lest you be reflected on, as Proud and Conceited. A young Lady, or Gentlewoman, will find a great uneasiness in conversation, if she appear solicitous to engross respect to herself: You therefore aught to be content with a reasonable distribution, and allow it to others, that you may have it returned to you. You must not be troublesomly Nice, nor discover yourself to be too Delicate, as if ordinary things were too course for you: This is an Unmannerly and an Offensive Price; and where it 〈◊〉 Practised, deserves to be Mortified, o● which indeed it seldom fails. You are not to lean too much upon your Quality, but seem rather mean in your ow● Opinion, that others may exalt you; you● Fame founding far more sweeter in th● Mouths of others, than in your own.  
Inferiors expect Courtesy and Obliging Condescensions towards them; and in doing them all the good offices you can it will much endear them to you: And indeed, this many times keeps up a Reputation in spite of Blemishes. A kin● Word, or pleasing Look from a Superior is strangely Charming; and rivets their Affections to you: Which consideration made the Wise Man Prefer a good Wor● Before a Gift. It is a cheap way of gaining Love. A Frown, or a Reproach, put you to more trouble than good Words, o● an affable smiling Temper. It was the saying of a good Emperor in this case, Th● be would so entertain the Addrese of his Subjects, as if he were a Subject, he would wish the Prince should entertain him; a Ru● very worthy to sway all persons, especially those of Honour, in their intercourse with others. And when you meet with a cold neglectful treatment from any above you, examine your own resentments, and then reflect, That if you give the like to those ●elow you, they will doubtless have the same Sense; and therefore resolve never to offer, what you do so much dislike to bear; and when you do thus, such Inferiors will convert an Injury into a Benefit. You will Civilize yourself by the Rudeness of others, and make that ill Nature your own Discipline. Some indeed, make Quality an Idol, and then their Reason must fall down and Worship it. They would have the World think, that no amends can be made for the want of a great Title, or an ancient Coat of Arms. They imagine, that with these advantages they stand upon the higher Ground, which maketh them look down on Merit and Virtue, as things inferior to them. This mistake is not only senseless, but criminal too, in putting a greater-price upon that, which is a piece of Good Luck, that upon things which are valuable in themselves.   

The whole Art of LOVE  
HAving understood and duly weighed these things with the former Virtues and Accomplishments both Divine and Moral, I suppose yond now at years capable of entering into the Holy State of Matrimony, Ordained at first by God in Paradise, and since not only in Sacred Writ● but highly esteemed by all the Civilize● Nations. And that you may not rush upon so weighty a thing rashly, or unad visedly, I shall (to conclude the Virgin-state, lay down some Rules and Directions, tha● will not only be a sure and safe Conduct to such as are placed in stations of Eminency, but even to those of Lower Degrees: so that the meanest may raise he● Fortune by them; For I have often observed, through Cautions and Prudent Management in matters of Love, many Poor Virgins, Initiated into Families by Marriage, that have not barely enriched them, but given such Reputation and Credit to their Virtues, that they have out● shined those, that a little before looks down upon them with Disdain & Contempt upon examination it will be found, that Nature is to far from being unjust to us, that she is partial on our side; and for the seeming injustice has made large amends for one other advantage, the right of complaining by that means being come over to us, it is in our power, not only to free ourselves, but to subdue our Masters; and without Violence throw both their Natural and Legal Authority at our Feet: The Sexes are made of different tempers, that the Defects may be the better supplied, by mutual assistance. Our Sex wants the others Reason for our Conduct, and their Strength for our protection. Their want our Gentleness to Soften and Entertain them, our Looks have more Strength than their Laws; there is more power in our Tears, than in their Arguments; and therefore things prudently managed, will by degrees, bring over a Husband to see his Errors; and by acknowledging his failings, take care for the future, to amend them; but then the Wife's Gentleness and Virtue, must be the Mirror. wherein he must see the deformity of his Irregularities.  
4. Something more must be said in this point, in the Conduct of your Behaviour to his Relations and Friends: For many times a neglect, or slight regard of the● makes wide breaches in a Family: Yo● may be sure they will not fail to resent any sensible disrespect, and complaints: O● will not always fail to stir up your Husband's Anger against you, especially when he concludes himself injured by it: And therefore you must consider to carry you self even with them; for the Family into which you are ingraffed, will generally be apt to expect, that like a Stranger in a Foreign Country, you should in 〈◊〉 great measure conform to their methods, 〈◊〉 they are of any considerable degree; and not bring in a new Model, by your own Authority: And therefore that you may with the less difficulty afterwards give your Directions, you ought to take them first from your Husband's Friends, if an opportunity offers, gain them by early applying to them, and they will be so satisfied, that as nothing is more thankful than Pride, when it is complied with that they will strive which of them shall most recommend to you; and when they have contributed to your taking firm root in your Husband's good Opinion, you will have the less dependence on theirs, though you ought not to neglect any reasonable means of preserving it. Consider where a Husband is Governed as it were by his Friends, he is easily inflamed by them; and he that is not so, will notwithstanding for his own sake expect to have them considered, it is easily improved to a point of Honour in a Husband, not to have his Relations neglected: and nothing is found more dangerous in this kind, than to raise an objection grounded on Pride; it is the most stubborn and lasting passage we are subject to, and where it gins a War, it is very hard to make a secure Peace: therefore use them well, and be well with them, and they will not fail to support you in your Husband's Love; and than if Discontents arise, it is your own fault.  
The next thing I am to lay down in the State of Marriage, is, The Office and Duty of a  
Mother: And this may be branched into many severals; but many of them being not very significant, I shall only reduce them under two Heads, viz.  
Love, and Care. A Mother is a Title of so much tenderness, that we find it borrowed by our common Dialect to express the tenderest of all kindnesses So that Nature seems sufficient to have secured the Love of a Mother toward the Fruit of her Womb, without the ai● of any positive Law, unless where Monsters in Wickedness, and that very seldom give contrary precedents, to the Blot 〈◊〉 Name, Abhorrence, and lasting Infam● The Love of a Parent, however the Children may afterward prove, ought, and indeed naturally is descending, and a● things move most violently downwards So that whereas, that of Children to their Parents, commonly need a Spur, this o● the Mother frequently requires a Bridle who by strength of Feminine passion, usually exceeds the Father.  
Therefore to regulate this Affection you are to Advert to these two Rules.  
1. That you hurt not yourself by this excess of Love.  
2. That you hurt not your Children.  
Of the first you are in danger, if you suffer that human Affection to swell beyond its Banks, so as to come in any competition with the Divine, for than you dishonour God by making an Idol o● your Child; and for this cause, Covetousness is in one sense called Idolatry, because what any one sets his or her affections upon entirely, he or she is supposed to Idolise, and frame it in their Imaginations as a God, though in reality, it be nothing so; and I cannot but fear, God, upon this account, has been displeased with too many Mothers, and sent them Afflictions even to Humbling, by (as in some Sense I may term it) untimely taking from them those Children they Idolised, to the prejudice of his Honour, and even of their own Souls; for indeed every thing is so accounted, that Rivals the Love of God in our Hearts; and he who owns the Title of a Jealous God, cannot be reasonably thought to bear it, without one way or other Punishing us.  
By this however I do not mean you should follow the Example of those, who immoderately love their own pleasure, and do not in the least regard their Children, (which God has given them as immediate Blessings) looking on them as a Clog, to keep them within doors; and think their Adverting to them will hinder their Gadding Abroad; turning them over (for that Reason, which indeed is but a very slender one) to the Care of a Nurse, or a Maid, whilst perhaps a Dog or Mon●cy, as thought worthy their own Attendance. This is too much in the extreme of the other side, and seems beyond the Bowel● of a Motherly Tenderness.  
But as to the former Matter, whether Beautiful or Homely, make no different in your Maternal Care and Affection, 〈◊〉 cause they proceed from you, and it is 〈◊〉 in the power of the Infant to Form itself but it is form in the Womb, by t●● wonderful working of Almighty God, a●● Shaped as he pleases: And many times 〈◊〉 mend the Defect, a Distorted Body, Rump●● in the cells of Nature, is Endowed with●● Beautiful Soul, when that Cast in a Fai●● Mould, to outward appearance, is an Id●● or like a Picture, only representing a P●● portion and Statute to the Eye, without Intellectual Faculties to make it what it R●● presents.  
In this case a Mother that pretendest Virtue, must make no difference, but div● her Affections equally, yet so that th● may be Moderate, and not infringe 〈◊〉 that Love she owes her Maker. Wh● the acts of the Soul are considered, th● must be no Competitor in Affection with the ●mighty, but he must be all all, as to Divine Love, for he is the o● unlimited Object of it; and if you ex●● in this, you hurt yourself, and bring on his Wrath, in Punishment here, and if not Repent of, perhaps Eternally hereafter.  
Secondly, as I have already hinted, you hurt your Children in not bringing them up in due Obedience and Respect towards you, whereas, when you generally Dote upon all, or more particularly on one, it cannot be brought to pass, for then, through want of that, strict Government which in many cases is required, and an over Indulgence will not permit you to excerise yourself, nor you others to do it, they will, without a wonderful Providence, grow Stubborn and headstrong as they grow in years. The only Justifiable ground of partiality, if you single out any of the number of your Children as a Favourite, must be Virtue, and this must only extend top provoke a Virtuous Emulation in the rest; and than you must so manage it, as to evidence it is no inequality in your own inclination, but merely the force of the others Deserts; not the Person of your Child, but the Goodness, that Biasses you; and when Virtue is known to be the only Ingratiating Quality, the rest may labour perhaps to become yours and God's Favourites. Therefore show them early an Example of Piety, in your own Life and Conversation: And in the Decorum's o● your Family keep them out of the hearing of Vain Words, or any thing that may ten● to Vitiate their tender Years, by which they are too apt to take deeply the first impression of Words or Actions, not by time so easily Obliterated as may be imagined. And in matters of the Virtuous Education of your children, you are no● only Accountable to yourself, but God He seems to say to you, as King Pharoabs' Daughter did to the Mother o● Moses, Take this Child and Nurse it for m● The end for which he gives them, is, That they should be brought up in his Fear, that they may Live, Grow up, and Dey in his Favour: And then you may have the Comfort of meeting them again in an endless Eternity of Blessedness, nevermore t● be Separated: And this will certainly add to those Joys, that in themselves are very Excellent, That you have Brought forth, an● Trained up Children to Live and Reign wit● Christ in his Kingdom of Glory.  
The best way of approving your Love towards them is, by the Duty of Care Without this, all the most Passionate Raptures of Kindness are but an Airy Apparition, a Fantastical Scene, and will no more advantage a Child, than the Picture of Food will Nourisn it. Nor is this Care a Temporary, Momentary Duty, but it must be taken through the several Stages of Infancy, Childhood, and Youth.  
The first of these is a season only for those Cares that concern the Bodies of your Children. Providing for their careful Attendance, and all other things conducing to Strengthen their Constitutions; laying a foundation for future Health and Vigour; which is your Interest not only upon the Body, but upon an intellectual account: The good Temprature of the Body being a great Aid towardss the free operation of the Mind. But this Health is not always the consequent of a Nice Breeding, for that many times overthrows it, when Inuring them to Moderate Hardships seldom fails of giving a Strong ad Healthful Constitution. Too much Feeding and Delicacies breed Humours, by reason of a weak Digestion, to which most children in their Infancy are subject; and the superabundance of Humours breeding Diseases, which often become Habitual, or too sadly end in an Early Death, when moderate Feeding, and exposing them to the fresh Air abroad, and not Mewing, or as it were Stifling them in a Nursery, gives them strength and Refreshment; for when Nature is not overloaded, she makes a due Digestion, which turns to Sweet and wholesome Blood, and kindly Humours; but being overloaded or oppressed, she is in a manner Suffocated, and cannot exercise her Function to proper advantages: And as for a free breathing Air, refined from Damps and Groceness, it rarefies the Lungs and Vital Spirits, and is the great refresher of Life. But of these I shall Speak more, when I come to Treat of Ordering Children, as to their Health in Diet and Physical matters.  
Secondly, when they are past Infancy, if you Dote so as to Hoodwink you self, because you will not See their Faults, or Manacle your Hands that you cannot Chastise them, than it will be Imputed your Fault if their Vices grow up with them; and you will find little comfort of them in the end, tho' you promise yourself never so much in lieu of your kindness towards them; For when the Mother's Affections are Unbridled, the Child's will be so too. The wise Man, in this case, gives you better advice, viz. Bow down the Neck of a Child from its Youth, that is, bring it up to strict rules of Virtue and put a Bridle on its Stubborn juclinations; and so when it grows up it will Bless you, not only as its Parent, but Preserver; and Secure to it the future Happiness of Life. For if you permit them to run on in their own Vain Devices, in hopes time may alter it, by making them see their Folly and grow Wiser, you will be too often miserably mistaken, for as their Joints knit and gather strength, so do their Ill Habits, till at last they are Confirmed in an Obstinacy; and by that means you set them in a perfect opposition to the Pattern they should Imitate. For as Christ's Childhood increased in Wisdom, and the Divine Favour, Luke 2. so will theirs in all those Provoking Follies which may Avert both the Love of God and Man. And then alas what recompense can the little Blandishments and Caresses of a Mother make her Children, for such important, and inestimable Mischief? So that if you would be really Kind, you must temper your Indulgence with a Prudent Severity, or else you eminently violate this Second Rule, by which you should Regulate you Love, and so do that to them which Jacob feared from his Father, Gen. 27. Bring a Curse upon them and not a Blessing.  
Thirdly, In the next Period of their time, when they are arrived at Years of Reason and Growth, Than you may be more Familiar with them, they having before been Seasoned to know their Distance and Duty. Allow them such a Kind, yet Modest Freedom, that they may have a Complaisancy in your Conversation, and not be tempted to seek it amongst their Inferiors. That the belief of your kindness may supplant the pretensions of those mean Sycophants, who by little Flatteries, endeavour to screw themselves into their good opinion, and become their Confidents; than which, especially to Daughters, there is nothing more Mischieveous, in teaching them Disobedience, and rendering them Mutinous against their Parents, by buzzing into their Ears the wild notions of Unbounded Liberty and Freedom, which Lectures they should not so soon be trusted withal. Besides, those Intimacies are often Introductions to worse; many Scandalous Amours, and unequal Matches have had their rise from them. It must therefore be your Business to prevent all such pernicious Leagues, in preingaging them in more safe Familiarities, either with yourself, or some others, of whose Virtues you have reason to be Confident.  
But the most infallible Security against this, and all other Mischiefs, is, to bring them to an Intimacy and Conversation with their Maker, by fixing a true sense of Religion in their Souls; for if that can effectually be done, it will supersced all other Expedients; for if they duly consider they are always in God's Presence, they will want no other Inspector; nor much need Monitors, if they seriously attend to the advice of their own Conscience. Neither will it tend only to the securing of their Innocency; but their Reputation; it being one part of the Christian Law, to Abstain from all appearances of Evil, 1. Thes. 5.22. To do things that are of Good Report, Phil. 4.8. So that Piety is the only Complete Armour, to defend at once their Virtue and their Fame; and it is extremely necessary they should be furnished with it, at this Age especially.  
It is sad to be Considered indeed, That some Mother's neglect this most Important Concern in their Daughters, though Nicely Curious in their other parts of Breeding, They give them Civil Accomplishments, but no Christian; those are excluded by them out of the Scheme of Education; and by that means lie under the prejudice of being not only Unnecessary, but Vngentile, below the regard of a Person of Quality. I suppose this is often increased by a little Vanity they have in seeing them excel in some o● those Exterior Qualities, which may recommend them to the Humour of the World upon the Improving whereof they are 〈◊〉 intent, that more Material things are over looked. And so this part of the Business, or Duty of a Wife, I shall Conclude in Advising you to be careful in Placing, or Bestowing your Children in the World either in Marriage, or Business, that the may Flourish in Piety and Wealth; and b● the lasting Comforts of your Life.  
A Mistress is another Obligation Incumbent on you when Married, if you Live in any Quality or Repute in the World; for in such a case the Inspection of the Family is usually your Province; for though you are not Supreme there, yet you are to improve your Delegated Authority t● the Advantage of them under it; And you more Constant Residence gives you more opportunities of it, than the frequent Avocations of your Husband will perhaps allow him. St. Paul sets this as the Calling and Indispenable Duty of a Married Woman That she Guide the House, 1 Tim. 5. 1● Not thinking it a Point of Greatness t● remit the Mannagement of all Domestic Concerns to a Mercenary Housekeeper.  
Now, as to your well Guiding of your House, I know no better Rule Than that you endeavour to make all that are yours to be God's Servants also. This will secure you of all those Intermedial Qualifications in them, in which your Secular Interest is concerned, their own Consciences being the best Spy you can set upon them, as to their Truth and Fidelity; and also the Best Spur to Industry and Diligence.  
A Christian Family should be the Epitome of a Church, It is not only the Duty but Interest, of all that have Families, to keep up the Esteem and Practice of Religion in them. It was one of the greatest Endearments of Abraham to God, That be would Command his Household to keep the way of the Lord, Gen. 18.19. And Joshua undertakes no less for the Piety of his House than himself, As for me (says he) and my House, we will Serve the Lord, Jos. 2. 〈◊〉 5. But when Pie● is planted in a Family, it will soon whither, if it be not kept in Vigour by Discipline: This you must promoreby● your own Example to your Servants, calling upon them to mind their Duty to God; and observe they do not neglect it, or do it Hypocritically, for Form and Compliance only which may be discerned in their Conversations elsewhere.  
You must Remember not to fall into Mistakes, of thinking because they receive Wages, and are so Inferior to you, they are therefore beneath your Care, to know how to Manage them. They are the moving Engines of your Family, and let your Directions be never so faultless, yet if they Stop, or Move Irregular, the whole Order of the House will be at a stand, or discomposed. Besides, the Inequality which is between you, must not make you forget that Nature maketh no such distinction: But that Servants ought at least to be looked upon as humble Friends; and that good usage, and returns of kindness, are as much due to those that deserve it, as their Service is due to you when you require it. A Foolish Haughtiness in the Style of Speaking, or in the manner of Commanding them, is in itself very unseemly, and frequently begets aversion in them, of which the least ill effect to be expected is, That they will be slow and careless in all you Enjoin them: And by Experience you will find it true, That you will be so much the more Obeyed, as you are the less Imperious.  
Be not too hasty in giving your Or●●●●● not too angry when they are not altogether observed; much less be not Loud, or appear too much Disturbed: An evenness in distinguishing when they do well or ill, will make them move by a Rule, and without Noise; and will the better set out your Skill in Conducting matters with Ease and Silence. Let there be well chosen hours for the inspecting of Household Affairs, which may be distinguished from the rest of your time, that the necessary Cares may come in their proper place, without any influence upon your good Humour, or interruption to other things. By these Methods you will put yourself into a condition of being valued by your Servants; and you need not doubt but their Obedience will naturally follow.  
The Art of laying out of Money Wisely; must be one of your greatest Cares; it is not attained without considerable Thought; and it is yet more difficult in the case of a Wife, who is accountable to her Husband for her Mistakes in it. In this therefore you are to keep a Mean, between the two Extremes of Profuseness and a Niggardly Temper, and if you cannot hold the Balance even, let it incline rather towards the Liberal side, as more suitable to your Quality, and less subject to Reproach. A little Money misspent is sooner recovered, than the Credit which is lost by having it unhandsomely saved; and a prudent Husband will less forgive a shameful piece of Parsimony, than a little Extravagancy, if it be not too often repeated. Give no just cause to the meanest Servant you entertain, to complain of the want of any thing that is necessary. Above all six it in your Thoughts, as an unchangeable Maxim, That nothing is truly Fine, but what is Fit, and that just what is proper for your Circumstances, of their several kinds, is much finer than all you can add to it: For those that break through these Bounds, Launch into the wide Sea of Extravagancy; and then every thing will become Necessary, because they have a mind to it; not so properly, because it is fit, but because some body else has it. This Lady's Logic sets Reason with its Heels upwards, by carrying the Rule from Things to Persons, and Appealing from what is Right, to every Fool that is in the Wrong. Rememnber That Children and Fools want every thing that they See, because they have not Wit to Distinguish what is reasonably necessary: And therefore there is no stronger Evidence of a Crazy Understanding, than making too large a Catalogue of things Necessary, when indeed there are so very few that have a right to be placed in it. Let your Judgement first make a Trial of every thing, before you allow it a place in your Desire, else your Husband may conceive it as necessary to Deny, as it is for you to Crave what ever is Unreasonable; and if you should too often give him that advantage, it's ten to one but the habit of refusing, may reach to things that are not unfit for you   

CHAP. IU. The Duty of a WIDOW.  
THE State that succeeds that of Marriage, is Widowhood, which though it supersedes those Duties which are terminated immediately in the Person of the deceased Husband, yet endears those that may be paid to his Ashes, For Love is streng as Death, Cant. 8.6. And therefore where it is pure and genuine, cannot be extinguished but by Death. It Burns like the Funeral Lamps of old, even in Charnel-Houses and Vaults. The Conjugal Love (transplanted into the Grave, as into a finer Mould) improves into Piety; and lays a kind of Sacred Obligation on the Widow to perform every Office of Respect which his Remains are capable of. And this may be Considered in a Threefold Manner, Viz. 

1. To His Body.  
2. His Memory.  
3. His Children.    
As to the First, it must be in giving it an honourable and decent Interment, according to the Quality he Lived in; this being a very commendable Respect to the Deceased: Yet it must be so proportioned, that your Respect to the Dead, may not Injure a Nobler Relic of him viz. his Children, by an Expensive Extravagancy, beyond what he leaves will properly bear. And in the Loss to Carry you self with Decency, and a Modest Sorrow; not by a frantic excess of Grief to destroy your Health, or putting yourself out of a capacity of minding your affairs, since by such a Separation a double Care is revolved on you: Some that have expressed such an excess of Passionate Sorrow, have rather disgraced themselves by it, than it turned to any Advantage to them, by letting those Thoughts too soon Vanish in a Second Marriage.  
2. The more Valuable Kindness is therefore his Memory, which you must endeavour to Embalm, and keep from Perishing: And as the Custom holds, not to Embalm without Odours; so you are not only to Preserve but Perfume it, and render it as Fragrant as you can; not alone to yourselves, but to others, by reviving the Remembrance of whatever was Praiseworthy in him. Vindicating him from all Calumnies and False Accusations; and even Stifling, or allaying True ones as much as you can. And indeed you can no better provide for your own Honour, than by this tenderness for your Deceased Husband's Memory. And to add to this, you must be careful not to do any thing below yourself, or that your Husbaed could he have foreseen it, should justly be ashamed of. It was the Dying Charge of Agustus Caesar to his Wife Livia, viz. Beha●● thyself well, and Remember our Marriage.  
3. Yet the Best and Last Tribute you can most suitably Pay to him, is in the Care of the Children he leaves behind him, Those Living Images of himself; They claiming a Double Portion of your Love, one upon their Native Right, as yours, the other as a Bequest in Right, their Deceased Father: And indeed, since by this Mournful Separation, you are to Supply the part of both Parents, it is very necessary you should put on the Affection of a Father and Mother;  
First, in a Sedulous care of their Education, and then in the Frugal and Prudent Management of what is left them by their Father, or what is Legally or Reasonably their Part of Portion; For if of the first you are not Cautious and Diligent, you will find the Grief and Remorse of it when it cannot be Redressed. For being Grown up, they will follow the Habit of their Youth: Some out of Fondness, not to part with their Children, and others out of Neglect, or too Frugal Sparing, that they may have great portions, have been Fatally overseen in this particular, denying them the advantage of an Ingeious 〈◊〉 Ge●nteel Breeding, to Swell their Estates, &c, but so contracted and narrowed their Minds, that they know not now to dispose the Fortune to any real Benefit of themselves: Sometimes, as I have said, this defect proceeds from Feminine Fondness, they know not how to part with them out of their Sight, though for their more immediate advantage, the Souls of such Mother's being Bound up in their Children, as that of jacob's in Benjamin. In this case, the Sons at least, by being Confined at Home, are so Blown up and Corrupted, with the Flattery of Servants and Tenants, &c, who think these the best expedients to secure their own Stations, that as if their Estates were the Confines of the World, they fancy to see nothing beyond them: So that when at last such, an Heir breaks lose from his Mother's Arms, he expects scarce to find his Equals, much less his Betters, he thinks he is still to receive the same Fawning Adorations, and will scarce be undeceived but at the price of many Affronts, nay, perhaps, he may Buy his Experience with the loss of his Life, drawing on Quarrels by his ill Manners, wherein he finally Perishes; and this is no Impossible Suppsition, many unhappy Mothers have found to their unutterable Affliction; which Deplorable Misfortune, a Liberal Education might have prevented.  
Secondly, to be Frugal in managing what is your children's due, is very commendable, and must by no means be neglected: But in doing it you must not Prejudice them the other way, nor indeed, Encroach upon any thing that is theirs, to advance yourself in a Second Marriage, or to maintain your own State and Grandeur, for this not only Cancels your pretended Love to your Deceased Husband, in violating his Will, and the Trust reposed in you, but a manifest Defrauding of your own Children, which is the highest Injury of all others, for it envenoms the Crime, and adds Unnaturalness to Deceit: Besides, 'tis a Preposterous sort of guilt, Orphans, and Widows, are in Scripture, linked together, as Objects of Gods and Good men's Pity: A Widow to injure her Orphans, is like that Uncouth Expression Solomon speaks of Prov. 28.3. A Poor Man that Oppresseth the Poor, is like a Sweeping Rain, that Leaveth no Food.  
Consider then, Seriously, in thus proceeding, that Injustice of any sort, is a grievous Sin.  
Secondly, When it is Complicated with Treachery also.  
Thirdly, That of all Trusts, those Entrusted by the Dead, have ever been Esteemed, and the Violation of them accounted in a manner Sacrilegious; and if any Widow can find any allay to these, by the two remaining circumstances, That it is the Trust of a Husband, and the Interest of a Child, I shall acknowledge her a very Subtle Casuist; but I think it is beyond her Skill, by Rules Divine or Moral.  
Having only hitherto spoke of what you own to your Deceased Husband, I now proceed to what of peculiar Obligation, relates to yourself. God who has placed you in this World, to pursue the Interests of a Better, directs all the signal Acts of his Providence to that end, and intends they should be so Interpreted; That every great change, that occurs, is designed either to call you from a wrong way, or to quicken your pace in the right. And you may the more conjecture when God takes away the Mate of your Bosom, and reduces you to Solitariness, he sounds you a Retreat from she Gaieties, and Lighter Jollytries of the World, that with your closer Mourning, you may put on a more retired Temper of Mind, a Stricter and Soberer Behaviour, not to be cast off with your Veil, but to be the constant Adornment of your Widowhood,  
As this State requires a great Sobriety, and Degrees of Piety, so likewise it brings with it many Advantages and Advances towards them. The Apostle tells us 1 Cor. 7.34. She who is Married, Caret● for the things of the World, how She may Please her Husband; But in this State, that care is overpast, and Heavenly things, by the removal of this Screen, stand fairer to view. You may now decline Martha's Care of Serving, and choose Mary's better part.  
Shake off those Cares that Clogs the Souls with a Hurry of Encumbrances in Domestic affairs; and consider of more Refined things, that bring true Happiness with them, to Joy and Rejoice the Mind. We find God himself retrenches the Wife's Power of Binding her own Soul, Numb. 30. Her Vows were Insignificant, without her Husband's Confirmation; but the Widow might Devote herself to what Degree she Pleased. Your Piety in this State has no Restraint from any other inconsistent Obligation, but may Mount as high as it can. Those Hours that were before your Husbands Right, seem now to be Devolved on God, who Promises, To be a Husband to the Widow, and a Father to the Fatherless; so he is the grand Proprietor of your Time; you may now convert the time, Spent in former Entertainments of your Husband, into Colloquies and Spiritual Intercourses with your Maker: So that that Love which was humane, may by the changing of its Object, acquire a Sublimity, being Exalted to that which is Divine; and what before was Expended in Gaieties, and Necessaries, now not requisite, may be Improved in Works of Mercy and Charity: That so his Corruption you have lost, may help you to put on an Incorruption; and your Loss of a Temporary Comfort, state you in one that is Eternal: Whilst your Loyalty, Duty and Conjugal Affection, becomes the External Work and happniess of Angels, the Ardour of Cherubims, and the Joy of Saints, in Endless Glory.  
And having thus showed what relates to Education, and a prospect of Happiness here and hereafter, I now proceed to Treat of such things as may be useful, tho' some what in a lower degree, and may be advantageous to you in Household Affaires.   

CHAP. V I hysical Waters, and Cordial Drinks, conducing to a Healthful Constitution, from the Choicest and Approved Receipts, of the most Eminent Persons of this and former Ages: With their Proper Virtus how they ought to be taken, and the Distempers they are Good in, etc.  

Apoplectic Water.  
TAke four pound of Black-Cherries, bruise, and take away the Stones, add of the roots of Valerian and Fartshorn shaved, each three ounces, Rosemary, Lavender and Sage, each a handful, Cloves and Mace beaten fine, each an ounce, Saffron 〈◊〉 drams, flowers of the Lily of the Valley, a handful; bruise these and mix them well together, and distilled, drink a quarter of an ounce fasting, in any convenient liquor, as warm Ale, Thea, Coffee, Wine, etc. and it will help the Apoplexy, Pa●ie, or any destempers proceeding from the Affliction of the Brain.   

Aqua Mirabilis, to make.  
Take an ounce of the best Cinnamon; Nutmeg and Citron peel, each six drams, galangal, Cubebs, Cloves and Mace, each two drams, bruise them grossly, and infuse them in a gallon of White-wine, and a quart of spirit of Wine, and so distil them: this taken half an ounce et a time, fortifies the Heart, resists contagious Airs, Plague or Pestilence, Fever, or any venomous Infections.   

Elixir Salutis.  
Lake four ounces of Senna, Elicampain roots and Guaicum two ounces, Anniseeds, Carraway, and Coriander seeds, each the like quantity, Raisins of the Sun stoned, half a pound, Liquorice sliced, two ounces, Rheuburb thinly sliced half an ounce, bruise and infuse them in Brandy or a spirit drawn from Fruit, Malt, and Molosses, five or six days, then draw off the liquid part, and put it up in bottles closely Corked. This is excellent in the Colic, or other pains in the Belly, for cleansing the Stomach, and causing a good digestion, helps in all cold diseases, and brings away the Gravil in the Kidneys or Bladder.   

Antinepretick Water.  
Take of clarefied Honey, half a pound, Venice Turpentine, two ounces, Nepretick wood, and Restharrow roots, of each, an ounce and a half, Mastic, Galingal, Cloves Cinnamon, Cubebs, Mace, of each half a● ounce, wood of Aloes, an ounce, bruise them grossly, and let them infuse in two quarts of rectified Spirits, and so distil them. this is excellent good against the Stone or Gravel, eases pains of the Colic, and all other pains of the Bowels.   

Elixir Proprietatis.  
Take Alexandrian, Myrrh, Aloes, Succotrine and Saffron, of each two ounces, bruise them very fine, put them into a gallon of White-wine, and a quart of rectified Spirits, let them infuse eight days, then distil them in a moderately heated Sand-hath. and so preserve the Spirit, mixing amongst, when taken, some of the volatile spirit of Hartshorn, viz. six drops to a quarter of an ounce. This purifies the Blood, and is exceeding good against the Sourvey, and all Distempers proceeding from corrupt humour; if it prove too hot, you may take it in Wine, or other palatable Liquors.   

Dr. Butler 's Ale.  
Take Sarsaparilla two ounces, Polypody of the Oak and Sena, each four ounces, Licoris two ounces, Carriway seeks, and Aniseed, each an ounce, Agrimony, and Maidenhair, of each a pugil, or little handful, Scurvygrass leaves and stalks, a quarter of a peck, bruise them grossly together, and put them into a thin Canvas bag, into six gallons of New Ale, and at three days end, draw it off and fine it in Bottle. This purges the Urinal, and gentle breathing Sweats, it expels Scorbutic humours, and helps much in the Dropsy, and all watery diseases, etc.   

Purl-Royal.  
Take two ounces of Coriander seeds, a handful of stripped Roman Wormwood, an ounce of Senna, a little handful of Balm, an ounce of Horse-Raddish-root, thinly sliced, bruise these, and infuse them in two gallons of White-wine, or Rhenish-wine, six days, take away the liquid part, drink a small glass full in as much other Wine. It fortifies the Heart, cleanses the Stomach, and very much helpeth Digestion. These ingredients may likewise be infused in Ale, or any other Liquor; in Ale it is called, Common Garden-Purl, a liquor very much esteemed in London.   

Spirit of Scurvey-Grass.  
Take the bark of the root of an Ash-tree, the root of Fraxinel, Capers, and Tamarisk, each an ounce, Oak Polypode, two ounces, wild Radish 3 ounces, Scurvygrass-leaves, one pound, Sorrel, Water-cresses, Brook-lime, and spleenwort, three handfuls each, Bayberries, and Berries of Juniper, of each half an ounce, a handful of the tops of the lesser Centaury, the seeds of Mustard, Citron, Cardus, each half an ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, and Nutmeg, each three drams, bruise these, and digest them in a warm Sand-bath, in a gallon of Rhenish-wine, and three pints of true Brandy, three days, then distil them in an Alimbeck. Twenty drops in any Liquor is a sufficient dose, in case of the Scurvy, shortness of Breath, pricking Pains, foulness of the Lungs, Yellowness of the Teeth, easing pains of the Belly, killing Worms in Children; and for it's rare Virtues, is called, The Golden Spirit of Scurvey-Grass.   

Pligue Water.  
Take Balm, Mint, Rhue, Cardus, and the green husks of Walnuts, or Walnut-leaves, of each a good handful, bruise them and infuse them 24 hours in a gallon of Canary, add bruised Mace and Cinnamon, each half an ounce, distil them, and drink an ounce of the Water fasting. It resists all Pestilential Airs, Infectious or Nauseous Vapours, that offend Nature, is good in Surfeits, Pains of the Head, or Ascending Vapours, that occasion Dizziness, the Megrim, etc.   

Surfeit-Water.  
Cut off the bottoms of Poppy-flowers, infuse two large handfuls in two quarts of Brandy, 24 hours, wring them out, and put in as many fresh ones, till the Brandy has the Red Tincture of them, then slice in Nutmeg, Ginger and Cinnamon, each a quarter of an ounce, press out the liquid part, drop in a few drops of Oil of Cloves, and sweeten it with Loaf Sugar; keep it close stopped, and take an ounce at a time; It's a great Healer of the Stomach, gives Rest, cause Sweat; and Rarefies the whole Mass of Blood.   

Vsquebaugh.  
Take three gallons of neat Brandy, or good rectified Spirit, Spanish juce of Liquorice six ounces, Raisins of the sun stoned, a quarter of a Pound, sliced Dates, the Stones taken out, the like quantity, the tops of Thyme and Balm, each a little handful, the tops of Rosemary, and Rosemary flowers, two ounces each, Mace Cinnamon, Coriander-seed, and Aniseed, grossly bruised, each half an ounce, scent it with Orange or Citron water, or the flowers or peels of either, let this Mass infuse 5 or 6 days, in a Glass or Earthen Vessel, put in six ounces of white Sugar-candy, beaten in fine powder, then draw or pour off the liquid part, as fine as may be; and what remains will make a weaker sort, by putting other spirits to it. This is a pleasant Liquor, a great friend to the Lungs, preventing cold distillations, and bringing away Phlegm or Rheum; it removes obstructions in the Liver, helps shortness of Breach, and sweetens it; it ●hears the Spirits, and taken fasting, prevents the bad effects of evil Airs; about three spoonfuls at a time, is a sufficient Dose.   

Dr. Stephen 's great Cordial Water.  
Take a Gallon of Claret, Canary, or Rhenish Wine, Gallingal, Grains of Paradise, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Ginger, Anniseeds, and sweet Fennel-seeds, of each three drams, Mint, the leaves of Red Roses, Sage, Pellitory of the Wall, the tops of Rosemary, Thyme, Wild Marjorum, Chamomile, and the tops of Lavender-cotton, shred the Herbs, and grossly bruise the Spices, infuse them the space of two days, and distil them in an Alimbeck This mainly resists Infectious Airs, is an Antidote against the Plague, and very advantageous: And ounce of it taken just before the coming of a cold fit of an Ague, and if it appear too hot, you may palliate it with cooling Liquors, it easies mightily, likewise pains in the Bowels; and is good taken by those that are apprehensive or fearful of the Small pox, when they go abroad, in times when its rife.   

Metheglin, White.  
Take sweet Marjorum, Violet & Strawberry leaves, and flowers, the tops of Thyme, Rosemary, Borage, and Agrimony, of each a little handful, the seeds of Coriander, Carriway, and sweet Fennel, each half an ounce, a quarter of an ounce of beaten Mace, boil them grossly bruised in eight gallons of Spring-water gently, about an hour scumming & straining them, being strained, put into the liquor as much fine Honey, as will make it bear an Egg, so that some part of it may appear above the liquid, boil it again as long as any scum will rise, when it is cool, put it up into a Vessel, with about a pint of Ale Yeast; let it work three days, then hang five days, a bag of Spice in it, draw it off, and bottle it up.   

Mead.  
Take Sweet-Briar, rosemary, and Thyme, Agrimony, Bettony, and Eyebright, the tops of Scabious, each a pugil, or as much as may be lightly held between the Forefinger and thumb, put them in Spring-water, and lay a Stone or some heavy cover to sink them, infuse them 48 hours, then take them out and boil them in another water, till the water be coloured with them, very high, let them stand off the fire a day and a night, to infuse in a third water, then boil it up, and to every gallon of Water, put a pound of Honey, that is into the strained liquor; and when it will bear an Egg, work it together till the Honey is well dissolved, let it seethe 12 hours, and boil it up with the whites and stells of half a dozen Eggs beaten together, then beat up the whites of two or three Eggs, with half a pint of Ale Yeast, put up the Liquor into a Cask, let it work three days, then hang a bag of Spices in it, grossly bruised, ten days: so draw it off, and bottle it. It is an excellent cooling liquor in Fevers, and most hot Diseases, as also is the former, it Tempers and Allays the Heat of the Blood, etc. of Rheuburb, then boil them with a few Chamomil flowers, over a gentle fire, and drink off the liquid part very hot, repeating it morning and evening.   

For the Colic.  
Take the oil of sweet Almonds, three ounces, Pelletory Water and White-wine, each a quarter of a Pint, Anniseeds, and Chamomll flowers, each two drams, let them simper an hour over a gentle fire, then pour out the liquid part, and drink it very hot.   

For pains in the Teeth.  
Take Henbane seed, and Hyssop seed, beat them together small, dissolve Gum Arabic in a little Water, and so drop it on the beaten seeds, so that it may make them up into little Pellets, if the tooth be hollow, put one of these into it, and stop it close with Lint, if not, place it to the root of the Tooth, between that and your Cheek.   

For an Ague.  
Take a handful of the tops of the herb Rue, bruise them grossly, boil them in a quart of White-wine, till a third part be consumed, and when the Ague sit is coming, drink.   

Noise in the Head.  
Take a Clove of Garlic, peel it, and prick three or four holes in the middle, dip it in Honey, and put it into your Ear, stop it with black Wool; and so continue, at times for a day or two, and the noise will cease.   

For a Felon.  
Take flower of Malt, a handful, Soap about the bigness of a Walnut, boil them together in Beer, till it is as thick as Paste, than spread a Plaster, and lay it to the part grieved; and by often changing it, will draw it to a head an break it, then lay on a Plaster of Diaculum, and it will heal it up.   

Lasks to stay.  
Take Burdock-roots, half a handful scrape them and wash them clean, the seethe them in fair water, till half be consumed, and bathe your belly and the sol● of your feet, with the Decoction, very warm.   

For the stinging of any Venomous thing.  
Bruise sweet Almonds, and Ash-tree leaves, or for want of them the inner bark, make a poultis with a little Honey and the juce of Rue, and apply it.   

Bloodshot Eyes, or Sore Eyes.  
Take Lapis Calaminaris, half an ounce, white Sugarcandy the like weight, White-wine one ounce, heat the stone almost red hot, in a clear fire, beat it very fine, then mingle it with the rest, and strain the liquid part through a linen cloth, put it into a Glass, and use it with a feather as you see occasion. Note, the stone must be without red spots, white and clear, or it may prove hurtful.   

For a Burn, or Scald.  
Take two ounces of old Cheese, an ounce of Olive Oil, an ounce of Honey, and half an ounce of Bole Armoniak, mix these together, till they may be spread like a Poltis, and apply it to the place; for want of some of these you may use Oil, white Lead, and Snew water, beaten and tempered together.   

For Blasting, or St. Anthony's Fire.  
Take a new laid Egg, roast it hard, then take the White from the Yolk, put it into a Mortar, with half its weight of Copperas, bruise them together with some Oil of Roses, and apply the Mass to the place afflicted, and it will allay the Swelling, and take away the Heat, it is also good to prevent all Flushing in the Face; and cause Redness to disappear   

Small Pox to Prevent, its Scarring the Face, etc.  
Take two ounces of Hogs-Lard, a quarter of a pint of Rose-water, Tuttia ● dram, Oil of Rosemary half an ounce, the powder of an hare's Liver, or Hare's blood dried, two drams, make these up into a● Ointment, over a gentle fire; and whe● the Scabs are drying on the Face, anoint it with it pretty warm, and let the● fall off of themselves, then anoint yo● Face with Oil of Roses, beaten up wit● a little White-wine; and no Scars, de●● Pits, or Disfigurement will appear.   

To Prevent Hair falling off, in the Smallpox.  
Take the inward Rhind of a Young Oak-tree, a good handful, beat it small then take half a handful of tops of Balm, 〈◊〉 Vervine, boil these in a gallon of fair spring water, till a third part or more be consumed, strain out the liquid part with ha●● pressing, and wash your head with 〈◊〉 when the Distemper declines, and is going off, twice a day, pretty warm; a●● it will not only fasten the roots of the Ha●● but refresh and revive it.   

Sore Mouth, or Throat.  
Take Marshmallow tops, boil them in Whitewine and Honey, dissolve as much Alom as will make the Liquid part somewhat rough in the mouth, then strain out the thinnest, and gargoyle your mouth and throat with it often, pretty warm, and the Soarness will cease.   

To procure Sleep or Rest.  
Take half a handful of Water-Lillys, bruise them in three pints of Malmsey, and let them infuse twelve hours, add a dram of Opium, as much Poppy-seed, and Lettice-seed well bruised, and then distil them, and take (going to bed, or when rest is required) of the distilled water, from half a dram to a dram, in any convenient Liquor.   

For the Weakness of the Sight.  
Take Eye-bright, fine Sugar, and sweet Fennel-seed, beat these together, and drink about two drams of it in a morning Fasting, in a glass of Wine, or Beer.   

Ague to Cure.  
Boil a good handful of the tops of Rue, in a quart of White-Wine, till half be consumed, and when you feel the cold fit coming, strain it, and drink it as hot as may, walk about the room as fast as you can, and being somewhat tired, get into a warm Bed; in twice or thrice thus doing, the Ague will decline and go off.   

To Refresh the Senses, and Restore the Memory, etc.  
Take Balm, Bugloss dried Roses, and Frankincense, beaten into Powder, of all about six ounces, infuse them in three Pints of White-wine, when they are well bruised, and when they have infused twenty four hours, put them in an Alimbeck, and of the distilled water, take a spoonful every morning fasting; and fast an hour after it.   

For the Scurvy.  
Take the juice of Scurvygrass, Water-cresses, and Brooklime, each two ounces, let them settle, and poor of the clearer part, Rhenish-wine a quart, the roots of Elecampain, Horseradish, and Flower-de-luce, thinly sliced, each half an ounce, two Nutmegs, well bruised, put these into a stone Vessel, that may be stopped very close, and morning and night drink a quarter o● a point of it pretty warm.   

To Expel Sadness, or Melancholy.  
Take Rue, Cranesbill, a herb so called and Pulegium, of each a pugil, dry then in a Stove, or Oven, and beat them into powder, mix the powder with powder of Licoris, and Loaf-Sugar, sinely scraped, make them up into Lozenges, with Cinamon-water, and a little Saffron finely beaten, and eat about a quarter of an ounce every morning, fasting.   

To Cure the Headache.  
In the first place wash your Temples with fair water, then take Saffron Frankincense, Vinegar, and Roses, or Rose-cake, beat them together, till they may be spread on a piece of Linen Cloth, spinkle this over with a little Powder of Copporas, and lay it to the Forehead and Temples, Renewing it as you see occasion; and it will take away the Heat, and ease the Pain.   

For the Pleurisy.  
Take the Distilled Water of Burnet, wherein Cinnamon has been infused, an ounce at a time, three times a day, fasting each time, two hours after it.   

For the Green-Sickness.  
Take Extract of Mars, prepared with Musk, one ounce, Aloes Succotrine, prepared with the juice of Succory, six ●rams, the Extract of Rheuburb, half an ounce, and of Saffron two drams, Oil of Cinnamon, six drops, mix them well, and make them up into small Pills, each weighing about a Scruple, take one of them fasting, in a morning, drink about a quarter of an hour after it, a glass of Wine, and walk about till you begin to be heated, or sweat; and this repeated several mornings will, with the Blessing of God, answer your expectation in a wonderful manner.   

To Stench Bleeding.  
Take the tops of Young Nettles, and of Ash leaves, dip a Linament in them and apply to the Nostrils, Wound, or any other part that effuses Blood, if the Bleeding be Internal, mix some fine Sugar in it, and drink an ounce of it Bloodwarm at a time.   

For a Prick under the Nail.  
Make a Plaster of Turpentine, Bees-Wax, Mutton-suet, and the juce of Housleek, this also will draw out Splinters small pieces of Iron or Thorns.   

Melancholy to Suppress.  
Take Clove-gilly-flowers, Cowslips, Borrageflowers, Conserve of Roses, each a ounce, Alkirms half an ounce, preserve Citron, and Nutmeg, each an ounce Beazar fifteen grains, Tincture of Saffron half a dram, make these up into an Electuary, with Syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers, adding a drop or two of oil of Cinnamon; and when you find the Melancholy come upon you, which you may perceive by the Dulness or Lumpishness of your Spirits, take three drams of it in a Glass of Muscadel, or old Malaga.   

For the Megrim.  
Take a handful of Ground-Ivy, wash it clean, bruise it and boil it in a quart of Fine Ale, to the consumption of a pint, drink it hot in a Morning Fasting.   

For a Fever.  
Make a Decoction of the tops of Rue, in Spring water, till it be very strong, then strain it, and add Woodsorrel, and Maidenhair, each a little handful, add more, some Slices of Liquorice, Nutmeg and Sugar, strain out the liquid part, and drop ten drops of the Spirit of Vitriol, into half a pint of it, and take half in pint at a time Morning Noon and Night; applying to the Soles of the Feet, Tobacco leaves, beaten into a Moisture, with a mixture of Blue Currans.   

Falling Sickness.  
Take the Leaves and Berries of Oak Misleto, with the top tender Branches, dry them in a Stove or Oven, beat them into Powder, and Sift it finely, and take about two drams in a Glass of of White-wine, of for those of tenderyears, one dram: Do it Morning and Evening, especially three days before and after the Full of the Moon, often repeating it; and it will prove very advantageous.   

Diseases in the Eyes.  
Take the Water of Eye-bright, a quarter of a pint, drop into it five or six drops of clarified Honey, the Powder of prepared Pearl and Coral, each a Scruple, shake them well, and often drop some of the water into your eyes: It helps Inflammations, takes of Spots, and Celars the Sight.   

For the Evil.  
Take Cuttlebone, uncalcined, scrape off the outside, dry the white part, beat it into Powder, very fine; and often take half a dram into a spoonful of Aqua Maluae.   

For the Dropsy.  
Take the Roots of Gors, scrape them clean, and cut them into thin slices, the tops of Thime, Hyssop, , and Netties, of each a handful, Carrawayseeds, Elicampain-roots, each an ounce, bruise them and boil them in fair water, till the liquid part is near consumed, then strain out what remains into two quarts of Rhenish-wine, bottle it up close; and take about nine spoonfuls in the Morning fasting, two hours after dinner, and going to bed, use it often; and the watery humour will abate.   

To help Hearing.  
Take the Chive in a Clove of Garlic, run a piece of fine Silk through it, that it may be easily pulled out upon occasion, then crush it between your Fingers, put it in anointed over with the Oil of Almonds, when you go to Bed, and stop your Far with Cotten, or Black Wool; and in twice or thrice doing, your Hearing, if not utterly lost, will be quickened.   

For a Consumption: an Excellent Receipt.  
Take the Herbs Lungwort, Liverwort, Rue, Hyssop, Sage, each a handful, Elicampain, and the roots of Sweet Flag, each half an ounce, Anniseeds, Carraway-seed, Sweet Fennel seeds, each the like quantity, Borage, and Bugloss-flowers, each two drams, infuse them 24 hours in two quarts of Old Maliga, or good Canary, being well bruised, add then Scabious, and Cardus-water, each two ounces, then distil them, and drink about two ounces at a time, especially fasting. This is a great Strengthner of the Lungs, and attenuates the vicious humours from the Liver, expels Wind out of the Stomach and Bowels.   

Biles to Break and Cure.  
Roast white Lylly-roots in soft Embers, bruise Figs with Fennel-seed, and Hempseed, each a quarter of an ounce, beat them together, and boil them in new Milk till they thicken, then add 2 ounces of Hogs-Lard, and lay it to the Grieved part.    

CHAP. VII. Cookery: Or, the Art of Dressing Fish, Flesh, and Fowl, after the Newest and Exactest way, with their Proper Sauces, Garnishes, and manner of Serving up.  

To make a Strengthening Jelly of Flesh.  
TAke a well Fleshed Cock, and a Knuckle of Mutton, or the Sinews and Knuckle of Veal, and little Mutton, Raisins of the Sun stoned, half a pound, bruise these to pieces in three Gallons of Water, then stamp the Meat, etc. in a Mortar and boil it with the Liquid part up to a pretty thickness, then run it through a strainer, with hard pressing, and when it has stood all night, skim off the top, and season the rest with Sugar and little Nutmeg sliced with some small pieces of Cinnamon and a blade or two of Mace, boil it up and strain it again; and this being eaten in a Morning fasting, is wonderfully Strengthening and Restoring to Nature.   

Lobster Stewed.  
Take Butter, Salt and Red Wine Vinegar, and put into your Stew-Pan, then grate a little Nutmeg, so cut the Flesh of the Tail and Claws of the Lobster in square thick bits, the fashion of Dice, put them into the Stew sauce, covering it with a Dish, then when it gins to grow dry, run it over with Butter, Garnished with slices of Lemon, and so serve it up with grated Manchet, it being seasoned with Grape Verjuice or Whitewine.   

To hash a Lobster.  
Clear him of the Shell as soon as boiled, and cut the meat in fine thin slices, put it into a Earthen Vessel, near covered with Claret, than put a sprinkling of Salt, a good piece of Sweet Butter, and the juce of a Lemon, being stewed, put it upon Sippets, and run it over with Butter, and Garnish the Dish with slices of Orange; and so Serve it up.   

To Collar Beef,  
Take Sinews out of the Flank piece, as also the most Skinny part, and some of the Fat, then cover it with Water and Salt, and steep it twenty four hours: So hand it a draining in a Linnen-Cloth, in the Air, shred the tops of Mint, Sage, Savoury, Marjorum, and Thime, beat a quarter of an ounce of Mace, half a quarter of an ounce of Cloves, a slice or two of ginger, and half an ounce of Pepper, mix these with Salt, and rub over the Beef, rolling it up hard, and baking it in a Soaking Oven.   

To bake a Wild Coose, or Mallard,  
Par-boil either those, then break the Breast and flat it down, then season them with Pepper, Nutmeg and Salt, within and without, if they be not very Fat of themselves, Lard them, and put them into a deep Coffin, with Butter above and beneath; and when they are well Soaked poor melted Butter, with a Funnel, into the vent you have left open on the top of the Lid.   

To Souse a Pig.  
Scald a large Pig, and having take off the Head, slit it in the middle, take out the Bones, and wash it in warm water, then with strewing of Salt, grated Nutmeg, and beaten Mace, roll it up as you do Brawn, into a Collar; hinding it round with Bass cordage, then boil it in spring-water, till it be tender, so being taken up, put it into cold water, wherein a handful of Salt or two has been dissolved; and this will make the Skin very white, then take about two quarts of the water wherein it was boiled, as much White-wine Vinegar, a Race of Ginger sliced, and two Nutmegs, so ordered, a quarter of an ounce of whole Pepper, and half a handful of Bay-leaves, seethe these well together, and being cold put the flesh into it, and it will keep half a Year.   

To Souse a Pike, Carp, Breem, Tenth, Trout, or Barbel,  
Dar●v either of these, but scrape not off the Scales, wash the Roe and Liver, and slit them into long pieces, then take two quarts of fair water, one of White-wine and a bundle of sweet herbs, set them over a quick fire, and when they have boiled a little, put in the Fish, and pour in half a pint of Vinegar to harden them; being boiled, but not tender, take them up, and put into the Liquor whole Pepper, Ginger and Cloves, adding some salt, and being well boiled, pour it hot to your Fish, and cover them with Mint, Balm, Fennel, or such like sweet herbs; and when you serve them up, shred the herbs, sprinkle a little Ginger on them; and pour Vinegar to them in Saucers.   

Woodcock, Larks, Blackbirds, or Sparrows, to Bake, the best way.  
Truss them, Parboil them, and so season them with Pepper, Salt and Ginger, and if you please, Lard them, than put them into a Coffin covered with Butter, mixed with a few sweet Herbs, all shred and beaten in a Mortar; and being Baked enough, draw them and pour in other Butter, beaten with the Yolk or two of an Egg.   

Red Deer to make: Or make Beef look like it.  
Parboil it, and Press it, and let it lie all night in Red Wine, and a small quantity of Vinegar, then Lard it thick, and season it with Pepper, Salt, Cloves, Mate and Nutmeg, or if you will, a little Ginger finely beaten, then lay it into your Pie or Pastry, with store of Butter; let it be well soaked, and when you draw it out of the Oven, pour in at the Vent, Butter, Nutmeg, Sugar and a little Ginger, beaten together; and so put it into the Oven again half an hour, and thus you may make Tender Beef pass for Venison.   

Neat's Tongues to Hash.  
Boyl and Blanch them, and slice them in slices, than put the pieces into a Pipkin, with Raisins of the Sun, large Mace, three or four Blades, blanched almonds, Claret, boil them altogether, and add a proportion of sweet Butter, some Verjuice and a little Sugar, strain a Ladle or two of the Liquor, and beat it up with the Yolk of two or three Eggs, place it on carved Sippits, and Garnish with slices of Lemons Parsley, and pickled Barberries.   

To Collar Eels.  
Take the largest silver Eels; cut then open with the Skin on; take out the bones, then beat some sweet Herbs, with Pepper, and a little Ginger, and strew them on the inside of the Eels, then roll them up three in a breadth, & bind them up with Bass flag, boil them in three parts Water, and one Wite-wine; and as the boil gently, put in some slices of Nutmeg, Ginger, and whole Pepper, being somewhat tender, cool them in water, then drain that from them, and put in the Liquor they were boiled in, with a little White-wine Vinegar: Serve it up, garnished with Bay-leaves and slices of Oranges: and for Sauce Oil and Mustard.   

Giblets to Dress with Herbs, and Roots, etc.  
Parboil them and put them into a quart of Claret in a Pipkin, or Earthen vessel, add an ounce of Sugar, some Pickled Barberries, and spinach, a faggot of sweet herbs and such roots as you think convenient, sliced, then take strong Broth, Verjuice, and the Yolks of two or three new laid Eggs, strain them and put them into the Pipkin, and let them stew together: So Serve them on Sippets, Garnished with Flowers or Greene's.   

Chickens and White Broth.  
Truss and Parboil your Chickens, till they become very White, then shred sweet Herbs to them, with some blades of Mace, and pieces of Cinnamon, shred a little Parsley, then strain the Yolks of four or five Eggs, with some Virjuce, which you must put in when they are ready to be taken up, place them on carved Sippets, and Garnish with Parsly, Hyssop, and sliced Lemons.   

To Hash Deer, Sheep or Calf's Tongues.  
Boyl either of these pretty well, then Blanche them, draw them with small sprigs of Rosemary, then put then on a Spit, till they are half Roasted, then slice them and put them into a Pipkin, or another Earthen Vessel, that will endure the fire, with as much Claret, as will cover them, put in after they have boiled a while, some Cinnamon, Ginger, and sliced Lemon, a little Mace, and some Sugar, boil these altogether, and Dish them upon Fried Toasts, Garnish with slices of Lemon, and grated Manchet.   

To Boyl a Wild Duck or Mallard.  
Truss and Parboil it, then half roast it, carve it, and let out the Gravey, which you must save, then take Onions, Parsley, Ginger, and Pepper, boil them together, then mix the Gravy with them, being chopped, or bruised very small then add a few Currants and some grated White-Bread, make these thin with Broth, and so on Sippits serve it up, being first run over with Claret and Anchovey beat up together; and this is a very good way to boil a Tame Duck, Widgeon, or Moorhen, to be received very acceptably.   

Pigeons or any small Fowl to Boyl.  
Parboil them with beaten Parsley and Butter in their Bellies, than put them into your Boiler with strong Broth, add a blade of Mace, and some gross Pepper, with half a pint of white-wine, grate a little bread into the broth to whitten the Fowl; and so serve them up with the Gravy and a dissolved Anchovy, Garnished with Parsley and Violets, or their leaves.   

Sausages to Boyl.  
Put a pint of Claret to a quart of Water, put in some sweet herbs finely shred, a blade or two of Mace, and some Cinnamon, let them boil about a quarter of an hour, then serve them up with beaten Ginger, Cinnamon or Mustard and Sugar, in Saucers.   

To Stew Trout, Carp, Tench, etc.  
Draw them and scrape them well, wash them in White-wine, then smeer them over with a piece of Sweet Butter, and lay them orderly in a Stew-pan, putting in as much water as will cover them above an inch, with a little Salt, a bundle of sweet herbs, and some blades of Mace, take them up, and make your Sauce of beaten Butter, Claret, yolks of Eggs, and Sugar.   

Lamb to make like Venison.  
Bone it, and take the side or quarter, and dip it in its Blood, sprinkle it over with Salt, Cinnamon and Pepper, roll it up, and parboil it, adding some Vinegar to the Water you boil it in, a sprig or two of Hyssop and Thyme, let it stand six hours in the water when it is off the Fire, put it into a coffin, and pour to it when half Baked, Claret and Melted Butter, with some Cloves Mace and dried Rosemary, finely beaten.   

A Shoulder of Mutton with Oysters.  
Stuff your Mutton with strong Oysters, of a moderate size, and sweet herbs, roast it before a pretty quick Fire, basting it with Butter, and saving the Gravy which falls from it, separate from the Fat, make it into a Sauce, with Claret, Pepper, and grated Nutmeg, then lay the Oysters that you pull out about the Mutton, Garnish it with Parsley, and slices of Lemon; and so serve it up.   

Chikin in Whito-Broath.  
Put three points of Strong Broth, to a quart of good white-wine, than put it into a Pipkin or some other Earthen Vessel, as many Chickens as it will Conveniently boil, and when it gins to simmer slice some Dates, and put into it, with three or four blades of Mace, and half a pound of Beef Marrow, shred some white Endive small, and strew in a few sweet herbs; let them stew over a moderate fire, and the Broth being a little strong, strain in the yolk of two or three Eggs, stir them about till enough, then take them up, Dish it with Marrow, Dates, large Mace, the Broth, and Sippets; Garnish with pickled Grapes, and Barbaries, or for want of them, Parsly, and red Beats.   

To make China Broth.  
Take an ounce of Chinaroot, thinly sliced, steep it twelve hours, in two quarts of fair water, on moderate Embers, and then put a pretty big Cock-chicken into it, put Maiden hair, and Woodsorrel, beaten with Raisins, Currans, and Dates into the Belly, tying up the vent, add a handful of French Barley well bruised, and when the chicken is boiled almost to a Jelly, strain out the Broth, if there wants water, you may add more in the boiling. This is an excellent strengthener restorer of Nature, when decayed or wasted.   

A Hare Hashed.  
Cut it out in quarters, chine it, and lay it in Claret, mixed with three parts of water, and parboil it, then slice the flesh in thin pieces, and lay it n your stew pan, let this be off the Body, but the legs wings, and head keep whole, almost cover it with some of the liquor it was boiled in, add some Butter, sliced Nutmeg, the juce of Lemon, and a little beaten Ginger, serve it upon Sippets, Garnish it with Lemon, and sliced Onion.   

Carp to Roast.  
Beat Blanched Almonds into a past, with Cream, grated Bread, sweet Herbs, finely shred, Currans, Salt, a little beaten Nutmeg, and Ginger, draw you Carp at the Gills, and put in the Pudding at the same place, fastening it to the Spit, without running it into it, do it by tying on, prick the belly to let out the Gravy, the sauce it with the Gravy, powder of Cinnamon, sweet Butter and the juce of Oranges, beat up with a little Claret and sweet Herbs, shred small and boiled tender: Garnish with slices of Lemon.   

To Stew a Carp.  
Scrape off the Scale, make it clean with in and without save the Blood, and mingle it with a pint of Claret, lay i● in a stew-pan, with as much water and white-wine as will cover it, sprinkle it over with beaten Cloves, Ginger, Nutmeg and sweet Herbs, quarter in a large Onion, put in about half a pound of Butter, and when it boils up, put in the Blood and Claret; and when it is enough serve it up, Garnishing with slices of Oranges and Greene's. And in this manner you may Dress a Breem, Barble, Salmon, Trout, Pike, or any not over large Fish.   

A Cod's Head to Dress.  
When it is fair and largely cut, boil it with all its appurtenances, in Spring or Conduit-water, with a seasoning of Salt, and about a pint of Whitewine Vinegar, fill the mouth with stewing Oysters, and close it with a string, put in a faggot of sweet Herbs, and a quartered Onion; when it is boiled, take it up carefully, ●et it to draining, take Oyster-pickle, or ●aw liquor of Oysters, the Boiled Onion, three or four Anchovies, a quarter of a ●int of Whitewine, shred into these the ●aggot of sweet herbs, clean stripped from their stalks, beat them up with a pound of sweet butter, lay the Oysters in order, about and upon the Fish pour on the ●auce, Garnish with Lemon and red Beets. Thus you may dress young Codlins' or large Whiting, adding to the stewed Oysters, some Shrimps, or Prawns, unshelled.   

To Roast a Salmon.  
Take it either whole or a Jowl, or Rand, season it with Salt Ginger and grated Nutmeg, stick it with whole cloves Bay-leaves and Rosemary-tops, spit and baste it with Butter, sprinkle a little with the juce of a Lemon, and what drops from it, beat up with Butter, and the juce of Orange, for Sauce; as also the Yolks of two or three Eggs: lastly add Verjuice, powder of Cinnamon, and Claret; Garnishing with Fennel, and slices of Orange.   

To Fry Salmon.  
Take the Chine, or Rand, cut in fine th● pieces, put it into fresh Butter, when moderately hot in your Pan, keep it turning till it grows somewhat Crisp, Sauce it wi● sweet Butter, Nutmeg, and Claret, we beaten up with the juce of an Orange, and pickled Oyster Liquor; Garnish with fried Bay-leaves, and Lemon peel.   

To Stew a Tnrbut.  
Cut it in fine large pieces, fry it a little in fresh Butter, then drain it well, take ● out and put it into your stew-pan, wi●● beaten Nutmeg, Claret, the Juce of Orange, add a sufficiency of sweet butte● and being stewed, put more melted butte● and Orange Juice: Garnishing it, wi●● slices of Orange, and serve it up.    

CHAP. VIII. The Terms and Art of Carving, of Fowl, Fish, Flesh, etc. With Proper Sauces, and Garnishing, more Particularly, than Sweetracats, and other Rarities.  

To Lift a Swan.  
LAy it on the Back, and slit it down in the middle of the breast, and divide ● from the Neck to the Rump, without breaking or tearing it, place the two halves, the slit side downard, strew some Salt and Cinnamon about it, and serve up Cauldron Sauce, in Saucers, Garnishing with water-Lillys, water-Cresses, or any suitable flowers, or greene's, growing in or by the water.   

To Cut up a Turkey, or Bustard.  
The Legs being raised up very fair, open the joint with the point of your Knife, but take them not off, proceed to lace the breast down on both sides, open the breast pinion, but not take it off, so raise the Merrithought, between the breastbone and the top of it; and on both sides the breastbone, lace the flesh that is called the brawn, and turn it outwards on both sides, but neither break it, no● take it off. Then take off the Wing● pinions at the joints next the body, and place on each side the pinion, where the brawn was turned out, but cut off the sharp end of it, and sit the place with the middle piece. Make your sauce 〈◊〉 Gravey, Pepper, Red wine, a slice or tw● of Nutmeg, or the yolks of Eggs beate● up with Red wine Butter and Vinegary Garnish with Fennel, Parsly and slice of Lemon. This way you may carve 〈◊〉 a Pheasant or Capon, but of the latter, c●● not off the Pinions, but in the place where you put them in the Turkey, etc. place the Gizzard; Sauce these with Gravy and Anchovy Sauce; and Garnish with slices of Orange and Greene's.   

A Horn to Dismember.  
Take of the Legs, disjointing them with the point of your Knife, lace it down the breast, and raise up the flesh take it away with the pinion, and place the head in the breast, and place the pinions on the contrary side of the carcase, and on the other side the Legs, that the ends of the bones may meet cross over it, and the wings over the top: Sauce it ●ith the juce of Lemon, Sugar, Cinnamon and Claret, a piece or two of Onion, ●oiled in fair water with the Neck, and ●izzard added to them; and Garnish with any pleasant Flowers or Greene's and Lemon peel.   

A Mallard to Unbrace.  
In doing this raise up the pinion and ●g, but take neither of them off, after ●at the Merrithought, and so lace it ●own on either side on the breast bending your Knife too and frow; Sauce it ●ith the boiling of the Neck, Gizzard, ●iver, Pepper, and Claret, Garnish with grated Bread, Salt and Slices of Oran●es; and so order a Duck if roasted, if ●oyled, with Sippits Sugar and juce of ●emon.   

To Wing a Partridge.  
Raise the Wings and Legs, take off the rest of the Flesh, Mince it and Sauce ●t with Claret, beaten Ginger, Salt, a little grated Nutmeg, and the gravy that ●omes from it; Garnish with Parsly, Violets or S flowers.   

To Vnjoyn a Bittern, or Wing a Quail.  
Raise the Legs and Wings and Sauce them with Salt, and the Grave without Garnish.   

To display a Crane.  
Take off the Wings by the body-point unfold the Legs, then take up the Legs a● wings, Sauce them with powder of Ging● Vinegar, Salt and Mustard well beaten ● gether; Garnish with Manchets, pickle Lettice-stalks, or Purslain-stalks.   

To untach a Curlew  
Raise the Legs and wings, sprinkle● with Salt, Sauce it with grated white-bre● Claret and grated Nutmeg, Garnish it wi● slices of Lemon.   

To Mince a Plover of any Kind.  
Raise the legs and wings, sprinkle it w●● Salt, Sauce it with the juce of Lemon, Pe●per, white-wine, and a Shalot boiled ● them.   

To Thigh a Woodcock  
Raise the legs, dot his Brains, sprink● him with Salt, and powder of Ginger, Sa●●● him with Anchovie Sauce, and gravy, 〈◊〉 for want of these with Butter and Vinegar in which, stripped Thime, is shred ve● small, being first boiled; Garnish wi● Lemon-peel.   

To Cut up a Snite.  
Raise the legs, wings, and Breastpei●● ●divde the remainder in four parts, Sauce ● with beaten Parsley, Butter, Vinegar, and ●e gravy.   

To Sauce a Cock, Capon or Pullet.  
Take off the legs and wings, place them in either side, then raise the Merry thought, after that the side pieces down the Breast, ●hen take off the belly-piece, so turn up the Carcase, cut the back asunder, and divide ●● in four pieces, placing them between the ●ings and the legs: Sauce them either with ●gg Sauce, or the Neck and Gizzard, boyl●d with pepper and water with the gra●y; Garnish with slices of Lemon and Parsly.   

To Allay a Pheasant.  
Raise the legs and wings, as of the former, ●rinkle Salt round it, and Sauce it with Chichup, Claret, Sugar, and thin slices of Nutmeg; garnish with bay-leaves and 〈◊〉 of Orange, or Lemon.   

To Rear a Goose.  
Take off the legs, cut off the belly-peice, close to the lower end of the breast, ●ace her down on both sides the breast, ● Tliumbs-breadth, from the breast-bone-ridge, take off the pinions on each side, and the flesh which is laced, raise quite from the bone, cut up the Merry thought; take off the slice on the top of the brea● from the carcase, and cut it in halv● long ways, lay the rump in the fore-end of Merrithought, and before it the bell● piece, place these in decent order, a●● sauce it with Mustard and Sugar, in s●cers, Apple-sauce or Gravy, Pepper a● Shallot as you like best; and no Garnish.   

To Thigh a Pigeon.  
Take off the Legs and Wings, and c● the carcase in four parts, and lay the● decently in order, as if it was still whole.  
And thus you may do with Thrus● Blackbird, Teal, Widgeon, Wheat-Ears, Chickens, Ducklins, Turkey-Pouts, Dotterel, Pushins, and all others of the like bigness; b● for all smaller Birds, as Larks, Sparron, Finches Woodpeckers, etc. only cut them in four quarters, sauce them with ●●ter, Vinegar the juce of a Lemon, and Parsley boiled, and finely shred; and b● this method you have the general and particular terms of Carving, and may order it accordingly; and in the cutting up and carving other Fowl not here mentioned these being the principal, in use at Feas●● of all sizes.  
For Fish there is no great difficulty in cutting it up, because it is generally ordered when brought to the Table, and therefore I shall only note, that the best piece is that next the Head, the next the Middle-peice, and the Tail by many not much accounted of: If a Fish be large turn it on the belly, divide it down the back, and laying the sides open, divide them into three parts; yet for your better insight into something you may meet withal one time or other, and think difficult I shall not so silently pass over this part of Carving.   

The madner of Carving, Fish, with their Proper Sauce, etc.  
Hack Herring, and lay it whole on a Trencher, or Plate, the Backbone and Roe, being taken out of all salt Fish, salt Salmon Green Fish or Conger, pair away the Skin; Mackerel Marling, and Stockfish, lay it flakes. And Pike must be laid on the belly on a plate, the back opened, the bone taken out, and Sauced with Claret, Nutmeg and Ginger, Butter and the juice of a Lemon. A salt Lamprey must be Skinned, and cut in Seven or eight pieces: As for Pince Boiled, pour out the water from them, cross them with your knife, Sauce them with wine, salt butter and vinegar, and garnish with green things. And so you may order Dace, Gug●ons, Roach Mullet, Chiven, Perch, Sole, Whiteing, Haddock and Godleng; only raise either of these by the back, clean the belly, and take ou● the backbone.  
Bream Carp or Trout, must be boned, and so laid whole together again. But as for Conger, Salmon, Sturgeon, Turbut, Toornback, cut them up and lay them in order, as i● the dressing of Fish, is in many particular more plainly directed.  
The Sauces for Fish are these, Viz. Musta●… for Salt Conger, Oil Vinegar and Mustard with Salmon, Herring, and Sparthings, Sa●… Eel, and Ling, Verjuice, and Butter; wit●… Roach, Dace, Bream, Mallet, and Flounder Gallenti●e, with Salt Lamprey, and Sturgeo●… Crab, and Chiven, with Vinegar, beaten Cin●…mon, and Ginger; with all Green Fish, Gre●… Sauce is proper: Though with Fresh T●… but, usually Mustard; and so of others to tedious here to●… be mentioned, but ma●… better occur in other parts of thi●… Work.  
As for Butcher's Meat it greatly concer●… you, not as to the rules of Carving, ●o●… that is so commonly seen, and easy to b●… performed, that I believe none can miss it; only the Cutting up of a Coney or Hare, which is something difficult, I have not yet spoken off.   

To Unlace a Coney.  
Lay it on the back, cut up the belly, then raise the wings, and sides, take off the legs, and lay the four part of the body and chine together, and the belly pieces on each side: Sauce it with Butter Vinegar, the Liver shred small, with boiled Parsley, and some powder of Ginger, Garnish with Lemons, Salt, and of Ginger.   

To break a Hare.  
Lay her on her belly, cut her down the chine, then take off the shoulders, legs and belly pieces, lay them in order on the sides of the Dish, cut off the Tail-pieces, or Huntsman's piece; divide the chine and the hallow trunk, split the Head, and lay it in the fore part of the Dish. Sauce it with Gravy Pepper, Ginger, Claret, Vinegar, Gallantine, and crumbs of White Bread; Garnishing with thin slices of Red Beets and Red Cabbage.    

Pickles for Sauces; and keeping Summer-Fruit, all the YEAR.  

Cucumbers to Pickle.  
Take them of a small size, or indifferently well chose to your purpose, wash them clean from dust, and let them lay four hours in Salt and water cold, then boil up good Rape Vinegar, or White-wine Vinegar, with some Salt, Ginger, Dill, a little whole Pepper, and Coriander-seed, scum off the froth that arises, than put the cold water and salt, from the Cucumbers, and put the hot liquor to them into a close Cask or Vessel stopped, and they will not only be very green, but keep all the Year. Thus you may pickle French-beans, slices of Turnip, Purslain, Lettuce, or Endive stalks, only these must be pretty well scalded in fair-water, before they are put into the Pickle, Do Broom-buds, as you do Cucumbers.   

To Pickle Barberries.  
Boyl water and salt, scum it well, and let it boil till it will near bear an Egg, marst some Barberries into it, and Boyl them to colour it, and when it is cool, put it to your other Barberries. Thus you may Pickle Sampire, only adding a little Vinegar to the Brine: Also green Grapes, Plumbs, Cherries, Peaches, Quinces, young Apples, Green Apricocks, or the like.   

Mushrooms.  
Must be just Scalded in fair water, then put in cold White-wine Vinegar with Pepper, Mace Ginger and Corianderseeds, cover them with Bay-leaves, and keep them close scumming them and putting a little fresh Vinegar once a Month. This way you may keep them, at least three quarters of a Year.   

Clove Gilly Flowers.  
When you have infused them for Syrup and pressed the Flowers hard, Boyl up vinegar and Sugar gently, and scum it, put the flowers into it very hot, with some Blades of Mace, and bit or two of Cinnamon: And thus you may pickle any sort of Flowers. For Garnish, Salad, or Sauce, which at all times would not be had.   

To keep Fruit for Tarts as they Grew, etc.  
Take large Stone-bottles, with extraordinary fit Corks, well boiled, that they may swell close when thirst in, put them into an Oven, after you have clean washed them, dry and evaporate the gross air, then immediately fill them with unripe Gooseberries, Damsons, hard, Cherries, Apricocks, or such like fruits, used in Tarts, and at many times not to be had, stop them up close, set them in a dry, but not a hot place, & they'll keep their natural taste and colour, all the Year; only they often happen to shrivel a little, which in haking, etc. Plumps up again; and by this means the noted Pastry-men have them at all Seasons, which makes the Ignorant fancy they have them brought from a far Country, in which at that time it is Summer, Grapes if not too pripe, may be so kept till Christmas.   

To Pickle Oysters.  
Boyl up water and Pepper, grossly bruised, scum it well, and when it is strong of the Pepper, put in some slices of Nutmeg, Ginger, a few Bay leaves and the liquor of the Oysters, with a sprinkling of Salt, strain out the liquor when it tastes well of the spices, take stewing Oysters, perboyl or scald them in fair water, so put them into the warm Pickle, and barrel and pot them up for your use, So you may Pickle Muscles, Cockles, and any small Shellfish, of the like Nature.    

CHAP. IX. The Art of Pastery: Or, Direction for making Pies, Tarts Custards, etc.  

Custards to make.  
DRy the Past when you have form it to your mind, till it grow stiff, then break about a dozen Eggs, beat them up to a thinness, and put them into two quarts of new Milk, omitting half the whites, and if you will have it a Cream Custard, put no white at all in, add to these a pound of fine Sugar, and two ounces of Rose water, mix them very well, and strain out the liquidest part very hard; and so fill up you Coffins of Past: Or, if you please you may put it into Pans: if you make a Cream Custard, you may put into it, Nutmeg, and Cloves finely beaten, and sifted through a Lawn Sieve.   

A Pear Pye.  
Take hard Winter Pears or Warden, put them into an Earthen Pan, with a little water and set them in an Oven, covered with a dough lid or brown Paper wetted, till soaked, than skin them, cut them in sunder, and take out Coars, lay in your Coffin some fine Sugar, and place them in halves, or quarters, neatly upon them, scatter between each laying, fine beaten Sugar, Cinnamon, and scrapting of Lemon or Citron peel, then cover them over with Sugar, having put the liquor, that Issued in Baking, to them, and set the Pie in a pretty quick Oven.   

A Pigeon Pye.  
Draw your Pigeon, dry them well, season them with Pepper and Salt, and put some fine Pepper, in rulers of Butter, into their Bells, mixed with a little fine shred Parsley and , between them make laying of Butter, and close them up with the lid, putting Butter melted and beaten well, when they come out of the Oven.   

A Pork Pye.  
Skin the Pork, and cut it in thin slices season it with Ginger, Pepper and Nutmeg, sprinkle it with Salt and fair Water well Boiled and scummed, lay it in with Butter and the yolks of Eggs well beaten up, and some fine grated Manchet, then put in a little Claret, and let it soak very well; and it will Eat Exceeding Rare.   

Quince Pie: Or Tart.  
Boyl your Quince in Water, Sweetened with Sugar, till they be soft, than skin them and take out the Coars, after that Boyl the Water with a little more Sugar, Clove, Cinnamon, and Lemon peel, till it becomes of a thickness of Syrup, when cold, lay your Quinces in in halves, or quarters, scattering Sugar between each laying, put in a pint of the Syrup or more, according to the Biggness of your Pie or Tart, make the Coffin round with close or cut covers, and Bake it pretty well; and thus you may do with Pippins and Pearmains, or any Winter Fruit, as also with Green coddlings.   

An Oyster Pye.  
Take large stewing Oysters, parboil them, putting into water, a little Pepper, Salt, and Ginger, and being taken out season them lightly with the same, and little grated Nutmeg, roll them up in little balls of Butter, and beaten Thime, laying them in your Coffin, and pour in a little Claret, and Gravy of Mutton or Beef, close up the lid, and bake them in a gentle Oven.   

A Rice Tart.  
Dress the Rice very clean, boil it with new Milk till it swell very much, then seait with grated Nutmeg, beaten Ginger, and Cinnamon, beat up six yolks of Eggs, with a little Salt, Sugar, and the juice of two Oranges, close up these Materials, and when it is to be served up, scrape a little fine Sugar over the lid of it.   

A Tongue Pye.  
Take a large Neats-Tongue, or other Tongues, well boiled and blanched, cut it in thin slices, lay layings of that, and thin slices of sat Bacon, but of a lesser quantity, season them with Nutmeg, Pepper, pour upon them some dissolved Anchovy, beat up the yolks of five or six Eggs Claret and Butter, boil them up to a thickness, and pour them in when the Pie is baked: So a Hare Pie, or lean Venison may be ordered.   

A Venison Pastry.  
Bone your Venison, beat it thin, season it with Pepper, Nutmeg and Salt, lay it with layings of Butter, or Marrow, on your past you design for the bottom, close up the lid, and bake it in a soaking Oven four hours, then boil the bones in a pot, with Clarres, Nutmeg, and a little Pepper, and when it is hot strain it, and pour it into the Pastry, and cut it up hot or cold, at discretion.   

A Lumber Pye.  
Take the Umbleses of Deer, cut them in thin slices, season them with Salt, Pepper, Nutmeg, and Ginger, lay layings of them with interlarded Bacon, sliced Dates; Raisins, and Currant; and when it is going into the Oven, pour into it, Gravy, Claret, and Butter beaten up together pretty warm.   

A Minced Pye.  
Take a Calf's Cauldron, Beef, or Neat's Tongue, parboil them, blanche the latter, and mince either of them small, put to a pound half a pound of Currans, and a quarter of a pound of Beef Suet, or Marrow, some thin slices of Candied Orange peel, or Lemon peel, a little fine grated Bread, and a gill of Canary, sprinkle them with Sugar, beaten Mace, Nutmeg and Cinnamon: So close up the whole and bake it in a gentle Oven.   

Putt-Past to make.  
Take a pound and a half of the best Butter, and six Eggs, well beaten up, when they are mixed with new Milk into a past, beat them together with a Rolling pin, adding more Flower, Butter and Eggs, as you beat them; and when the past is soft, and Pliable, Rowl it very thin, for Tiffany Tarts, Cheesecakes, or the like.   

A Hern Pye.  
Break the Breastbone of the Hern, parboil it in water and salt, shred sweet herbs with Onions, and make them up into little Balls, with Butter, put them into the belly, and season it with Pepper, Salt and Nutmeg.   

Cheesecakes.  
Take a Gallon f new Milk, put to it a quarter of a Pint of Runnet, and if the Milk be a little warmed, it will presently curdle, then press it in a linen cloth, till all the Whey be run out, beat up the Curd with beaten Cinnamon, grated Nutmeg, the yolks of half a Dozen of Eggs, finely beaten, and gill of Canary, add a quarter of a pound of picked and washed Currants, and three ounces of Sugar a pound of Curd, and a gill of Canary to the whole, mix them well, put them in Puff-past, and fashion them as you please; sprinkle a few Currants on the top, and wash them over with a feather dipped in Yolks of Eggs, beaten up with Canary.   

Gooseberry Tart.  
Pick your Gooseberries clean, lay them in the Sun to dry a little, lay them into the Past, with layings of Sugar, sprinkle them with Rose-water, and sccater a few perfumed Comfits amongst them, bake them in a gentle Oven. Thus you may use Cherry Tarts, Curran Tarts, Apricocks, Damson Tarts, and Tarts of all soft Plumbs.   

Chicken Pye.  
Draw your Chickens, break the breasts or flat them, season them with Pepper and Salt, shred Parsley very small, roll it up with Butter, and put it into them bells, lay a laying of Butter between them, close up the Pie, and bake it, pouring in a supply of melted Butter when it is baked; and thus you may order a Hen-Pye, a Goose Pie, a Turkey Pie, a Rabbit Pie, only avoiding the parslley; and with parsley a Lark Pie, or a Pie of any small Birds.    

CHAP. X. The Currous Art of Candying, Preserving. Conserving, Drying, and Confectioning, of Flowers, Fruits, Roots, Stalks, Peels, Seeds, etc. Making of Pasts, Marmalades, etc.  

Flowers to Candy.  
TAke Cowslips, Violets, Clovegilly-flowers, or any other that are of pleasant taste and smell, pick them clean from the Stalks, and clip off that end that grows in the Husk, dry them moderately in the Sun, by spreading them on a clean linen cloth, than put two pound or more of Sugar, according to the quantity of your flowers, to as much Rose-water, as will just dissolve it, boil it up into a Syrup, and then put in your Flowers, after that, boil it up over quicker fire, till it Candy's, so take off, stir them with a spoon and bruise the Sugar from them, and they will be Candied without any clog of Sugar upon them, put them up in papered boxes, and set them in a warm place, and they will keep good and dry all the Year; and thus you may order any Flowers, or Blossoms,   

Rucket, Orange, or Lemon-peel, Citrons, Erigngo-roots, or Lettice-stalks to Candy etc.  
Cleanse either of these from superfluity, and dry out part of the moisture, then boil them tender in fair water, Shifting the water once or twice, then wash them in cool water, and dry them with a cloth, cutting them into what convenient pieces you think fit, take twice so much as they weigh in Sugar, refine your Sugar, and boil them in one half, till they be tender and clear, make your Syrup first, with half Rose-water, and the other half fair-water, and when they are clear, let a Syrup be made of the other half of your Sugar, and boil them up, shake them afterwards till they be cold, and so place them on Paper in a warm place, till they be dry and keep them as the former.   

Barberrys, Grapes, or Gooseberries to Candy.  
First preserve them by boiling them up in a thin Syrup of Sugar and Water, after they have been boiled a little tender in water only, and having washed off the Syrup in a little warm water, strew them over with searsed Sugar, and set them in a warm Oven or Stove three or four times, not letting them cool till they be dry, and they will sparkle very curiously, and keep long.   

Rock Candy very Clear.  
Take Spices or Flowers, or any dry Suckets, or Fruits, after they are preserved and dried, lay them upon a Wire Grate, over an Earthen pan, take refined Sugar, and as much Water as will dissolve it, viz. near half a pint to every pound, then beat into it the white of an Egg, when it is hot, and set it on the fire again; and when it boils up, drop a little cold Water into it set it off the fire again, and scum it, so boil it to a candy height, till it will draw like a hair between your fingers, then pour it very hot into an Earthen pan among your Fruits, set it in a warm place, and cover it close with a Blanket, the next day pour out all the Syrup that will run from it, and set your pot in a warm place again, to let them dry, prick up your Wires, take off all the fruit, and lay them in Papers, and when they are thorough dry, they will be a curious Rock-candy than box them up and keep them for use; and by these rules you may candy any other things that are proper so to be ordered.   

Cherries to Preserve.  
Gather your Cherries, when Ripe, in a fair day that the moisture may be off them, cut off the tops of the stolks, and lay them in a pan upon a thin bed of Sugar, put a pound of beaten Loaf Sugar to every pound of Cherries, and as you boil them up, sprinkle some Sugar on them, and scum them when they are ready to seethe over, let it be a over quick fire, and they will not break, if you do not too many of them together; two pound is sufficient at a time, then put them into a broad dish a cooling, till the next day, and if there come any water from them, seethe them a little more; and so put them up in the Syrup of Sugar for your use; and in this manner you may preserve all sort of Plumbs, Apricocks, Peaches, or Nectrals.   

To Preserve Quinces  
Wipe them clean, cut them in four quarters, and take out the coat, place the quarters regularly in an Earthen pot, and put as much Conduit-water or Spring-water, as will cover them, than set them one a gentle fire, and let them seethe till they be soft, but not break, so lay them in a dish, and when they are cold take off the skin, let the water boil after to the Consumption of a third part, than put a pint of it to a pound of fine beaten Sugar, and when the Sugar is dissolved, then seethe it till it boil up into a Syurup, scum it and put in the Quinces, and let them seethe softly a considerable time, and you perceive them red, then turn them that they may be all of one colour, and so keep them in the Syrup close Stopped for your use; and in this manner you may preserve Pippins, and all other winter Fruits.   

Marmalade of Quinces.  
Take three Gallons of Spring, or Running-water, pa●e sixteen pound of Quinces, quarter them and cut out the Coars, put to these eight pound of fine Sugar, and ●et them all boil softly, till half the wa●er be consumed; and if you would have ●our Marmalade white, cover them very close during the boiling, and being of a good colour, break them with your spoon, ●●d boil them up to the thickness of a Marmalade, then if you please to have it scented, you may dissolve into it a little Musk, Ambergreese, or Rose-water, and when 〈◊〉 gins to cleave to the spoon take it from the Fire, fill it into boxes or pots, smooth it and cover it over with a little fine Sugar; and thus you may make Marmalade of Pippins, Apricocks, Plumbs, etc.   

Marmalade of Oranges, Lemon, or Citrons, etc.  
Take the Peels of either, clean scraped within, and thinly pared without, boil them tender, shifting in three waters, to take away the bitterness till they have lost a great part of their taste, than mash them in a Mortar, with a wooden pestle, boil up Syrup with half a point of water to a pound of Sugar and when it is of a good thickness, put in the Orange pulp, etc. and boil it up, scumming off the Froth, to the thickness of Marmalade, and scent it with Rose-water, or Orange water, and put it up in Boxes, or lay it on a Plate and dry it into Past.   

Past of Oranges, and Lemons. etc.  
Boyl the Peel tender, as the former, putting into the first water a handful of Bay-salt, and shift them often till the biting taste is gone, beat them to Mash, and strain the Pulp through a Cushion of Canvas, and mingle something more than the weight in Sugar, then boil it up till you can spread it in cakes, and Fashioning it as you please, pretty thin, dry it in places, and keep it in a warm place.   

Past of Plumbs.  
Take tender Plumbs, as many as you please, put them in an Earthen pot, and put that pot into a pot of boiling Water, but let no water come to the Plumbs, and when they begin to dissolve, press out the thinner part from them through a fine cloth, then strain the Pulp through a canvas, take as much Sugar as it weighs and put to it as much Water as will melt it, so boil it to a Candy height, then having boiled the Pulp very well, put that and the Sugar hot together, so boil them with stirring, and lay them out to dry on plates, in what form you please. And thus you make Past, of Cherrys, Rasberies, Strawberrys, Currans; and indeed, of most pleasant Pruit, and Flowers, and by making them somewhat thinner, they will be a fine Marmalode: Or thus, by only putting them in the Syrup without Mashing, they may be preserved.   

To Conserve any hard Fruits, etc.  
When you have brought them to a past by the beforementioned ruley, read to fashion upon your plate, instead of drying it, put it up in a well glazed pot, strew it over with a little fine Sugar, and Rose-water; and this way will take, especially with all hard Fruits, as Pippins, Oranges, Lemons, etc.   

Conserve of Tender Fruits  
Dissolve these especially Plumbs Cherrys, etc. as you did for the past, strain the Liquor and Pulp together, putting to every pint three quarters of a pound of Sugar, so boil it up till it becomes indifferent thick, then lay it on a cold dish till it will spread no broader, and so put it up in your pots, strew it over with Sugar, and tie it over with a paper, and over that a Leather.   

To Preserve Fruits Green.  
Take Pippins, Apricocks, Peaches, Pear-plumbs, or as you please, when, gree● scald, them till they will peel pretty easily, then being peeled, boil them very tender, take their weight of Sugar, and dissolve it in as much water as will cover them then boil them something leisurely, take them up and boil the Syrup until it b● somewhat thick, that it will button upon the Dish-side; and when they are coo● put them up together, keeping them clo●● stopped.   

To preserve Ripe Plumbs, or other Fruit.  
Take their weight in Sugar and put b●● a little water, for these will yield liquour of themselves, boil them pretty quick● or the Syrup will turn red; and whe● you see they are enough, put them up i● pots, and keep them stopped; and s● you may preserve any Ripe Fruit that requires it.   

To Dry Pippins, an Amber Clearness.  
Take Yellow Pippins, pair them th●● and cut them in halves, taking out th● Coat, lay them in a basin of water, the● take their weight in Sugar, Clarify it, an● boil it almost to a Candy height, than dr● the Pippins with a clean linen cloth, pu● them into the Hot Sugar, permitting them to boil as fast as they can, when they raise take them ●ff the fire and scum them, turn them and set them on again; and when the Sugar i● Candy height, lay the Pippins in a broad Dish, and place them in a warm Oven, or Stove, turn them often, and at three days end they will be Dry and Transparent.   

Prince's Biscuit.  
Take a pound of Sugar, as much fine Flower, eight yolks of Eggs and 6 whites, beat the Eggs, and make these two a Batter with Milk, mix with it some Carraway-Comfits, put it into Tin Coffins, and run it over with a little Canary, and the yolk of an Egg, beaten together.   

To make Marchpane of Rashers of Ba●on.  
Take some of the Marchpane, and knead it in Saunders till it be red, then roll abroad three rows, of the red and four of the white, lay together a white and a red roll, until all are laid, then cut them overthwart in thin slices, and dry them; and they will deceive the curious, who cannot but take them for Bacon, unless you taste or smell them, the Composition is as the other Macrhpane, only in this th● colour added.   

Comfits to make of any small Seed, as Carraway, Annis, Coriander, etc.  
Boyl your Sugar to a Gandy height, which is, when it will draw at the end of a spoo● like a Hair, than your Seeds being dried fling them in, and stir them up and down till they have taken up the Sugar, and are run into small divisions, than put them between two covers and shake them together to loosen them form each other, run them through a Sieve, and dry them in an Oven or Stove, Thus Almonds, or greater Comfits are Sugared over, and afterwards perfumed, by putting a grain of Musk into the Box wherein you place them, keeping them close for three or four days. If you would have your Almonds very smooth in the Sugar, only dip them into it.   

Rowl-Wafers to make.  
Take a quarter of a peck of the finest Flower, make it with whites of Eggs and a little Isinglass dissolved in water into a kind of a Puff-past, by extraordinary beating; and if you would have them sweet, or Scented, you may add Sugar or Scents, at your discretion; roll them out as thin as may on your rolling board, ●nd having made what impressions you ●ease on them, roll them up in hollow ●owlers, like rowls of Paper, dry them ● a warm Oven; for their thinness retires not baking in a hot one; and so ●e them, either to eat, or rather to Gar●●n, or set out Banquets of Sweetmeats.   

A Cake-Royal, with Comfits.  
Take a peck of fine Flowers, the yolks ●● two dozen of Eggs, four pound of currants, two pound of Comfits, 1 pound ● Orange peel, Lemon peel, Citron, E●ngo, and Orris, cut it in little long ●ts, with two pound of sweet Butter, and ● little Cinnamon, and Mace, finely beat●●, and sifted, make it about two inches ●●d a half thick, place it in a Tin Hoop, 〈◊〉 for want of that in a Wooden one, ●●ke it in a brisk Oven, till it be half ●nough, then draw it forth, and Ice it ●ver with Canary, Rose-water, the white 〈◊〉 an Egg and Sugar, beaten up together: So set it in till the Icing becomes ● white as Snow, and it ceases to swell ●●y longer.  
Your small Toys, made of Sugar in the ●ape of Birds, Beasts, Flowers, etc. are made of melted Sugar, in Rose-water, Cast in moulds, and Guilded or Painted afterward at Discretion.   

To Blanche Almonds.  
Or take off their Husks in order to use them, is no more than Putting them into warm water till they swell, and the● by sifting or rubbing them with a Canvas, the husks will separate.   

Syrup of Roses.  
Gather Damask Roses, the Dew being on them, about six pound, or according to the proportion of the quantity of Syrup you intent to make, cut away the Whites, at the bottom, then boil them in as much spring-water, as will cover them an Inch in a Glazed Earthen Vessel do this over a gentle Fire for three o● four hours, then take out the Roses, and wring them into the water as hard ● may be with a Cloth, put in fresh Ros● till it be very strong of the scent, an● turn reddish, then to six pound of th● water, put four pound of Sugar, an● boil it up to a Syrup. This is a pleasant purging Syrup, not any ways offensive to the Stomach, and is therefore usually given to Children on that occasion; and this way, or by infusion in co● water, Syrup of Violets, Cowslips, Clove-gilly-flowers, and other simple Syrups, of Flowers, Herbs, Fruits, and Roots, are made.   

Cordial Syrup of Poppeys.  
Take the heads of white poppeys, not throughly blown, eight ounces, the heads of black ones, six ounces, Aqua Coelestis, two quarts, simper them over a gentle fire, to the consumption of a third part, then add 3 pound of Sugar to the liquor, the poppeys being squeezed out, some blades of Mace, and bits of Cinnamon boiled in other water, to the quantity of half a pint, poured into this, then boil it up to the thickness of a Syrup: It is exceeding good against Cattars, and Coughs, and in Fevers, mitigating the heat and pain; it helpeth Frenzies, and Watch, and procureth Sleep. And thus with Coelestis, Brandy, or Aquavitae, you may make any Cordial Syrups.   

A Syrup for any Cold, Cough, or Catarrh.  
Take one ounce of Cetrack, Coltsfoot, the herb so called, and Maidenhair, each one ounce, boil them in three quarts of water, till it wastes to three pints, with one pound of Elecampain roots sliced, then strain out the liquid part, and 〈◊〉 it up with a pound and a half of Sugar, to a Syrup, and take a dram of it in any convenient warm liquor, Night and Morning.   

Honey of Raisins to make.  
Take Raisins of the Sun two pound, stone them and infuse them 24 hours in six pound of warm water, then boil it to the consumption of half, so strain and press it out, then adding two pound of dispumated Honey, boil it to the thickness of Hony. And thus you may make Honey of Violets, Roses, or other Flowers, sweet Fruits, or Herbs, proper to any uses.   

To make Marchpanes.  
Blanch your Almonds swelled in cold water, beat them in a stone Mortar, and drop in your beating, some Rose-water into them, keep them from Oiling, and strew now and then a handful of fine sifted Sugar, and when by working you have brought it unto a Past, roll it thin, and make it into its form; Ice it over with Rose-water, Sugar, and the white of an Egg beaten together, put it into a moderate hot Oven, and when the Icing gins to rise, take it out.   

To make Makroons.  
Take to a pound of Blanched Almonds, half a pound of fine Sugar, beat them in a Wooden or Stone Mortar, with whites of Eggs, and a little Rose-water, till they come to be as thick as Batter for Fritters, ●●en lay wafers on your Tin Plates, put on this Batter in little spoonfuls, sprinkling it over with a little fine Sugar and Rose-Water; and so Bake them in a Gentle Oven, about a Quarter of an Hour.   

To make French Biscuit.  
Take half a peck of Flower, four Eggs, and half a pint of Ale Yeast, an ounce and a half of Anniseeds, make them up into a Past, with a little Cream, and cold water, fashion it like a long Brick● and when it is a day or two old cut it out into thin slices, like Toasts, being strewed over with beaten Loaf-Sugar, set them in a warm Oven or Stove, till they are dried; and so put them in boxes for use.   

To make Naples Biscuit  
Take Almonds beaten very fine, one pound, fine Flower a pound and a half, Sugar one pound, whites of Eggs half a Dozen, make them into Batter with fair water, and put the Batter into your Tin Coffins, so bake them, glazing them with the white of an Egg, and Rose-water    

CHAP. XI. Artificial Embellishments: Or, the Art of Beautifying the Hands, Face, or any other part of the Body; Restoring a good Colour, taking away Freckles, Spots, or any Deformities in the Skin, etc. Making Perfumes, Essences, Sweet-bags, Sweet-balls, Pomatums, Washeses, etc.  

To Beautify the Hands and Face.  
TAke two handfuls of Rosemary Flowers, one handful of the tops of Fumitory, and an ounce of Blanched Almonds, grossly bruised, boil these in a quart of spring-water, and a pint of White-wine, till a fifth part be consumed, then strain out the rest, let it settle  hours in a Glass, then pour it off from the settle, and use it as an excellent Beautifier, and great Restorer of a good complexion.   

To make the Skin soft, and White.  
Take Neats-foot Oil, one ounce, Oil, or the Fat that swims upon the boiling of Sheep's Trotters, a like quantity, mix these in half a pint of Rose-water, over a gentle fire, and supple the parts with it very warm, chafing or rubbing it in, a few times doing it will answer your expectation.   

To take away Morphew, Scurff, or other Deformities of the Skin.  
Take Comphire, two drams, two Lemons, viz. the juice of them, Loaf-Sugar an ounce, mix these in half a pint of fair water, put it into a Glass, and shake it often, suffering it to stand eight or ten days in the Sun, or some warm place, then add a scruple of white sublimated Mercury, shake it about and strain it, and when you would use it, put it softly to your Face, with a linen rag or cloth, or upon any other place, and it will take off the Deformity, and under that, there will as it were, a new Skin appear, very Fresh and Lively.   

To take away Redness, or Pimples from the Face.  
Take Camphire a dram, Copperas half an ounce, Wine Vinegar half a pint, add to these the Rhind of Citron thinly pared, one ounce, boil them to the consumption of a third part, than strain and press out the liquid part, and wash the Face with it, anointing it afterward with Oil of Roses, and Tuttia, mingled together, and let it lie on all night, and in a little time the Redness, or Pimples will decline, and the Skin recover its smoothness, and natural Complexion.   

To take away Freckles.  
Take the Gaul of a young Cock, the Wool of a Hare's foot, burnt to powder, by wrapping it up hard in a Brown paper wetted, as in Burning Silver Lace, that it may not Burn to Ashes, but Moulder, and so be reducible into Powder, add to these an ounce of Rye-Meal, beat them together with the Pulp of a Lemon, and Wine Vinegar, till they may be spread Plasterwise, spread this composition on soft Leather, and lay it on the Freckley places; and in twice or thrice applying, you will see a strange Alteration.   

To cause a curious White, Shining Complexion.  
Take Peach Blossoms, two handfuls, the Sap that drops from a cut Vine, 4 ounce, the seed● of Mellions grossly bruised, one ounce Gum Tragacanth, beaten finely into Powder, half an ounce, put to these, when well beaten, or bruised, two quarts of Clarified Whey, let them infuse  hours in a warm place, then press out the Liquid part as hard as may be by pressing, and use it as you see occasion.   

To make the Hands or Face Plump.  
Take of the Marrow of the Bones of Hog's Feet two ounces, Oil of Almonds, and Oil of Roses, each half an ounce, Flower of Almonds finely sifted, half an ounce, make these up into an Unguent, and chafe it in often, and it will Supple and Plump the Skin, etc. to a curious Softness.   

A curious Perfume against ill Scents.  
Take Frankincense, a quarter of an ounce, in Powder, Myrrh, the like quantity, Lavender flowers, and Rosemary leave, beaten into pwder, mix them together, and put them into an Incense pot, or sprinkle them on a Chafing-Dish of Coals.   

A Sweet-Bag to Scent  etc.  
Take tops of Hyssop, Winter Savoury, Rosemary, Lavender, and the chip of Cassa Ligna, Cedar, and Sassafrax, few them up in thin bags, and lay them among your Garments, and they will not only give them a curious Scent, but preserve them from Worms, Moths, or any other Infects.   

Sweet Balls to carry in ones Hand, for the Prevention of ill Airs or Scents.  
Take Past e of Almonds four ounces, mingle with it a little Bean-Flower, then knead it, being made wet with Orange, or Jessime water, and drop two or three drops of the Oil of Cloves, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, or any other Scents as you will please to have it Scented with, and make them up into Balls, or hollow Boxes.   

Sweet Powder.  
Take Rice grounds, beat them, dry them, and sift them often, till they become very fine, then dry them again, scent a pound of this with two grains of Musk, a dram of Rose scent, or other scents proper, that is pleasing to you. This may be done for want of Rice grounds, with White Starch, finely sifted.   

A Perfume to Drive away Vermin,  
Take Storax a quarter of an ounce, Assafoetida, as much, the Bark of Elder-root, and a few tops of Southern-wood, dry the latter, and beat them severally into powder, then mix them and sprinkle them on a hot Fireshovel, or Chafing-dish of Coals, keeping the place, Close, and either, Mice, Rats, Bugs, Flies, Moths, or Worms, that are within the scent of it, will avoid the place; and if it be often continued, never return again.   

A Bath, to soften, Cleanse, and Refresh the Body.  
Take the roots of White-Lillies, and Marsh-mallows of each two pound, Grounsil, Pelletory of the Wall, and Violets, each half an handful, Linseed, Fenugreek, and Corianderseeds, each four ounces, Flowers of Camomile, melilot, and tops of Fennel, each half a handful, boil about two hours in a sufficient quantity of water, then add Oil of Lilies, and Lindseed, each a pound, and either bathe yourself in it in a Bathing-tub, warm, or apply it with Linnen-cloths.   

Water of Talc, a great Beautifier.  
Take the best Talc, slit it in thin pieces, hang it up in a thin Linen Bag in a very damp place, with a Receiver under it to receive the droppings, when if sweats, or dissolves, then distil it, and it produces a curious Shining Beatifying Water, to set a Lovely Whiteness on the Skin, and keep back the signs of Age.   

To take Spots, or Stains, out of Silks or Stuffs, etc.  
Take a Trotter-bone, burn in and beat it to powder, mix it with Fuller's earth, and a little Casteel Soap, wet it in fair water, rub it on the place, and then dry it in the Sun, or by a gentle fire, then rub it over hard with a wet Brtsh, and when it is dry again, the Spot or Stain will disappear.   

To take out Pitch, Wax, Posin or Tar.  
If any of these happen on a Garment either Silk, Linen, or Woollen, pour a a little Oil of Turpentine on the place, and let it soak in about half an hour, then rub it out, but not too hard; and you will find the Turpentine has Soaked out the Gluttonous quality, so  it will crumble out, like small bits of dry Dirt, or Clay.   

To take Spots, or Stains out of Linen.  
Take the juice of a Lemon, and red Onion mixed together, put into it alittle Gum Sandrack, and Crumbs of Stolen White-bread, heat these gently over a Fire, and then dip the part that is stained often in it, let it then dry, and have in readiness a hot Lather of Soap and Water, to wash it immediately; and doing so in two or three Washings, it will quite disappear.   

To Source, or Clean, Gold and Silver Lace.  
Lay it on a Carpet very even, then with a soft Brush run it over with fine Bran, three or four times, to take off the Dirt, then to brighten it, take burnt Alom, beaten to fine Powder, and sifted, rub this powder on gently with a Brush, in all places where the Tarnish is, and it will answer your expectation.   

Faided Linen to recover.  
If Linen by being too much exposed to the Wether, or received Damage by Sea, or Scorched, etc. Make a Lather of Costeel Soap, boil your Linen in it, then immediately throw it into cold water and Fullers-earth pretty hot, and thickly mixed, then wash it out in the first Lather, and wring it lightly, hang it to dry in the Shade, and it will not only thicken, and whiten, but be fresh and strong.   

How to make a Starch, that will preserve Linen.  
Take the Bran of the first fine Wheat, steep it in water two days, then let that water run through 2 or three fine Sieves, so put it in an Earthen Dish, and set it in the Sun, or over a gentle fire, till it dry, and become a Starch.   

To make your Teeth as White as Ivory.  
Take Lapis Calaminaris, burnt and beat to fine Powder, also Powder of fine Pumicestone, put them into a little White-wine, and being Moistened, dry them again in an Oven or some warm place; and so reducing it to powder again, rub your Teeth with it, either with your Finger, or a little Brush, and then wash your mouth with Small-beer, wherein Sage has been boiled; and by this means they will not only become white, but fast.   

To take Spots out of the Face, or Hands.  
Take a Burdock-root, scrape it and slice it thin, boil it in Sheep's Milk, and bruise into it two or three Galls of the French Oak, and with the Liquid part wet the Spots often, and they will fade by degrees, and at last disappear.   

A Pomatum for the Hands, to Prevent Chopping, or Roughness.  
Take Deer-suet half an ounce, white Bees-wax a quarter of an ounce, Sperma Ceti an Ounce, Oil of Amber 2 drams, Oil of Almonds an ounce, incorporate these over a gentle Fire, and make them into a convenient thickness, and Anoint the Hands or Face with it.  
Notwithstanding I have given you Directions for the making several sorts of Cosmeticks, there is one already prepared, called. The VENETIAN WASH, &c, And ●●s sold for Twelvepences the Bottle, by S. Cla●●e in George-yard in Lombardstreet, Mr. Levingston 's Fruit-shop, the South Entrance of the Royal-Exchange. Which I know to be Extraordinary Good, for Clearing and smoothing the skin; and Rendering the Face very Beautiful and Lovely.  
At the same Places are sold, a Most Admirable Powder called, A Dentifrice for Whitening the Teeth; which will make Teeth though as Black as Ebony, as White as Ivory. Price Six Pence the Box.  
Thus have I made Good my Promise to you in laying before you such things as I thought would prove acceptable to you: So not Doubting you will Improve them, as they were intended for your Good; and so Profit by them, that you may have the Benefits I Wish you, grown Weary with Writing I put and End to this Book.  
FINIS.