Several Remarkable Passages CONCERNING THE HOLLANDERS Since the death of QUEEN ELIZABETH, Until the 25th of December, 1673.  
SOME ANIMADVERSIONS THEREUPON, In answer to a scandulous Pamphlett called England's Appeal to the Parliament, from the Private Cabal at white hall.  
With the Continuation of the Case between SR. WILLIAM COURTEN His Heirs and Assigns AND The East-India Company of the Netherlands, Faithfully recollected by E. W. Armig: and rendered into English, French, and Dutch, for satisfaction of his particular Friends, in England, France, and the Low Countriers.  
Printed in the year 1673.   

ANAGRAM Upon the Private Cabal as whitehall as it was delivered to the States of Holland.  

C lifford Lord high Treasurer of England,  
A shley Lord great Chancellor of England,  
B uckingham Master of the Horse,  
A rlington Principal Secretary of State,  
L autherdaile Chief Minister of State and Commissioner in Scotland.    

ADVERTISEMENT.  
SIR:  
SOme part of this little Book was Printed in Holland, and the other part in the Spanish Netherlands, where the English Copy was not understood by the Printers, who have committed many faults, which may be plainly discovered, and amended with a pen, The French, and Dutch, are better done, please to take notice, that this is not published, or sold in any place, or designed to any other purpose, then for particular Friends, who may find some thing in vacant Hours, either for their Information, Reprehension, or Diversion. And that I cannot appear at this time, and distance, under any other Character.  
Then your distressed and humble Servant G. C. Hague the 29 December, 1673. old Style.   

TO THE NOBILITY, GENTRY, AND COMMONS, Inhabiting within the Counties of Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincoln, York, and Northumberland.  
THRICE HONOURABLE. RIGHT WORP. ll &c.  
I Intended to have given you some short remarks upon England, Germany, France, Spain, and the Low Countries, since the first Alliances were contracted between the Houses of Bourgundy, Austria, and Spain; But fearing it might be unseasonable at this time, to mention the troubles, that followed those Alliances, coming in with the inventions of printing and 〈…〉; The two great Manufactures that have filled the world so full of Combustible matter.  
I have confined myself to the beginning of King James his most peaceable reign, over Great Brittaigne, annexing only a Cattalogue of the respective Successions of Emperors, and Kings of England, France, and Spain, with their several Marriages, since that Alliance, as also such other observations from thence, which are sufficient to inform you, that now there is the same opportunity, to make 〈…〉 selves happy, that 〈…〉 Enemy's, had to make you miserable, if the strattegems and designs, of some Evil minded men, do not obstruct that Glorious enterprise, begun by His Majesty, to Chastise and humble the Hollanders, that have lived ●oo many years upon the spoils of all Nations, and raised their Chiefest support and ●●couragments, from your Coasts, and Countries. Please to peruse this 〈…〉 without Passion or prejudice, and I shall the next year supply you with a greater, wherein you may understand your own errors, and 〈…〉 own interest, and that I am in plain English, a lover of my Country, and yo●● most humble  
And devoated Serv.t E. W. From my lodgings in the Hague Decemb. 15. 1673.   

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE S. R WILLIAM HOOKER Lord Major of the City of London, And THE RIGHT WOSHIPFULL Sr. HENERY TULSE, AND Sr. ROBERT JEFFERIES, Shreifs of the said City, And the rest of the Aldermen, and Common Council there.  
Right Honourable, and Right Worp. ll  
HAving lately perused a scandulous Pamphlett, publicly sold in the Hague, both in English and Dutch, reflecting upon the Councils and Actions of Kings, and Princes, Entitled England's Appeal, from the private Cabal at white hall, to the great Council of the Nation, The Lords and Commons in Parliament Assembled. I perceived the Hollanders under a disguise, and the Authors of it, to be as much mistaken in their accounts, concerning France, as they are of the consequences of this war, and how the war begun, from whence they would conclude that the King's Ministers had dependences upon Foreign Courts, having taken no care of the Triple League, or the Protestant interest, wherefore I briefly recollected these few Remarkable Passages, that may serve to undeceive some English men, who peradventure might be deluded by the appeal, and annexed Sir William Courtens Cases, in several languages, to satisfy all Persons interessed, that Common Justice is not to be found in the Low Countries. I presume that your Lord. ●p and the rest of your brethren in the Honourable Government, of the City of London, upon perusal of this small treatise, will apprehend that the Hollanders, are not so high and mighty, as they are insolent, and ungrateful. There are several fair prospects now from the Netherlands (where nature is supported by art) towards London, that may make it the most glorious City in the world. These short remarks, and Animadversions, may help to refress your memory, in many things, and show you in several Paragraphes that the Hollanders have gotten ground upon the English, since the death of Queen Elizebeth, Notwithstanding all the advantages, that God and Nature have given to Great Brittaigne, above all other Kingdoms, and Nations, in the World. I leave the rest to your most grave, and serious considerations and remain  
Your very humble Serv.t E. W. Hague Decemb. 16. 1673.   

Several Remarckable Passages concerning the Hollanders Since the death of Queen Elizebeth until the 25. Decemb. 1673.  
With some Animadversions thereupon.  
IN the year 1603. The State's General of the united Netherlands write to King James in a Kanting stile, lamenting the death of Queen Eliz●beth; Insinuated that her memory should remain Eternised in them and their posterity. Congratulating his Majesty in the succession of her Kingdoms, hoped he would continnue the like gracious aid and bountiful assistance to them and their state for his own good and welfare of all Christendom, to the glory of God and propogation of his holy word; And to that end craved a supply of Soldiers to fill up the English and Scotch Regiments.  
In the year 1604. King James considering how the affairs of State stood in Europe, found it could be no advantage to the Crown of England to enter into a league with the Hollanders that were at strife with all their neighbours; His Majesty made a peace with Spain, and remained neutral in a common Amity to both, yet at the same time demanded the money lent by Queen Elizebeth upon the coutionary towns Which the Hollanders were not ready to pay in many years after.  
In the year 1605. The people in the Maritine Provinces of Holland, Zealand, and Frizland, were so invective against King James pretending he favoured popery by making a peace with Spain, that notwithstanding the State's General had in that year set forth an Edict and Proclamation under great penalties and punishments against all those that should speak irreverently of Kings and Princes Especially of King James. Yet they could not bri●le their tongues. The vulgar crying out, that those who were not for them, were against them.  
In the year 1608. Sir R●●● Winnwood, and Sir Richard Spencer adjusted the accounts with the State's General, and took further security of the States of Holland for payment of the money due to King james▪ upon the cautionary towns which amounted unto the 〈◊〉 of 8184●8. Pound Sterling to be reimbursed to the crown by several 〈◊〉 payments. The State's 〈◊〉 all finding that 〈…〉 
〈…〉  〈…〉.  
In the year ●●●●. King 〈◊〉, and King 〈◊〉 the IV of France being Me●●●●urs for a peace between Spain and the United Prownces of the Netherlands, they prevailed with both parties for a Coll●tion of Arms and a T●u●e for twelve years, which was agreed should commence from the year 160●. whereby the State's General were acknowledged to be free countries, and had licences granted to trade unto the East-Indies, where they had made some adventures before without permission, and both the Mediators became guarantees for the due performance of the Articles of that Truee; Yet the Hollanders being not contented with that ●reaty imposed upon them as they sa●d by King james▪ they entered into a league oftensive and defensive with France, Fearing that King james might obstruct their free fishing upon the Coast of England and Scotland W●●●h by the 〈◊〉 of nature and comm●n P 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 b●●ngs to the Subjects of 
〈…〉  g●●at B●●●●●●gue.  
A●ther the death of Henery the IV. the State's General reneved their league with L●wis the XIII. who took upon him the protection of the United Netherlands and gave the State's General the first title of HAUI● ET PUISSANIS SIGNIOR LES ESTATES GENERAUX DES PRO●INCIES UNIES, and the States of Holland the first St●le of GRAND ET PUISSAN●S SEIGNEURS LES ESTATS DE HOLLAND ET ●EST-FRIZE, than those high and m●ghly Lords the State's General and the great and mighly Lords the States of Holland and West-●●●zland, made several resolutions and Acts in their respective assemblies to receive no Letters from any Prince or State whatsoever, but which the same style and address that the French King had done, and made it known unto all the pub●●que Minister's then resident in the Hague to give their Master's 
〈…〉  notice thereof accordingly 〈◊〉 ver●●●●s the o●● English proverb set beggars on 〈◊〉 back and they 〈◊〉 ride to the 〈◊〉.  
In the year 1612. King james demanded 300000. pound Sterling of the French King which was due to the Crown of England for several disbursments for Henery the IV. and others, than Lowis the XIII. assigned the like sums of money upon the State's General, unto King james who voluntarily acquitted the States theirof, whereupon the French King (seeing King james so generous) acquitted twice as much more that was due to him from the State's General. T●●●● Kindnesses are not remembered by the Hollanders and 
Animad. 4.  Zelanders, neither is their ●●gratitude, forgotten by the English and French.  
In the year after that King james and the Franch King had released the States of those two great ●ummes of money, the High and mighly Lords sent their Ambassadors to the Grand Seigneur at Constantinople, and to the great Duke of Mos●ovia with whom they contracted Alliances of Commerce, settled their Consuls and Factories at Aleppo, Alexandria, grand Cairo, and Smirna, Although they no sheep, woods, nor Ours, they would get wool, timber, and other materials, and people from all parts of the Earth to work, and not be content any longer with such a trade as they could naturally raise out of their own Country by butter cheese and hemp, but would nigross all ●ine Manafactures of silk wool and Mohaire besides their Navigation and Fisheries. Making 
Animad. 5.  their Ch●●●e t●●nes, C●●ies of refuge fortend●r consciences and bandit●s of a●● Nations, who are protected there as ●r●e burghers being once admitted as inhabitants.  
In the year 1614 the States General made a Placcate to prohibit all English Cloth Kerseys and dozen that were died in the Cloth to be brought into the united Provinces upon pa●ne of 25. gilders a Cloth besides the con●i●●ation of the goods. Whereupon several persons in England made their Complaint to the Council-table but finding no redress, the Merchant adventurers and Cloathiers set upon making of Mixtures died in the wool rather than to lose all advantages of dying, dressing, and flocks, woollen Cloth before that time being worn in blacks, blewes, redds and other single colours died in the Cloth. This national affront done 
Animad. 6.  by the H●llonders in th●se days when King James had the Keys of their Provinces in his Cus●●ly was a sufficient testimony of their insolency and ingratitude and a fair warning for England to ●ind●r the growth of such Monsters that had so soon forgotten Queen Elizebeth and so quickly sughted King James.  
In the year 1616. the Hollanders upon a Composition made concerning the money lent by Queen Elizeb●th upon the Cautionary towns, prevailed with King james to deliver up the Briel, Flushing and Rammek●ns after they had been 31. years in the possession of the English, at which time the French would have given double the mon●y for their redemption being forfeited to the Crown of England for breach of Covenants by keeping the money so many years in their own hands beyond their Contracts and Obligations. 〈…〉 not ●●ve 〈◊〉 so 〈◊〉 to England either 
〈◊〉.  〈…〉.  
In the y●are 1●19. the State's General having fomented the civil w●●s in Germany, by assisting the considerate Princes of the union with their Council and Arms against the house of Austria, upon preten●e that Hungary 〈◊〉 Bohemia were usurped against the people's consent (and 〈◊〉 Hereditary to the Austrian Family) that were 〈◊〉 Kingdoms as Poland, and the Empire, the S●●●●s General incourag●d fredrick Pr●nce Palatine to accept the 〈◊〉 of Boh●●●●, promising h●m the●r further assistance, be●ore he had the con●ent of King Iam●s his father in Law to intrigue 〈◊〉 in that war, yet the Hollanders suftered him not only to be 〈◊〉 out of hi● new Kingdom by the Spanish and Imp●r●●ll Tr●●●●s, but also to be 〈◊〉 from the Palla●inate his own inheritance, who ●l●dd with his Queen and her children to t●e H●g●e for shelter, while the poor Prot●●ants in Germany had ●●●rty to b●gg in man● Churches, and Even all this time the States Genera●● that promoted the wa●r lay 〈◊〉 with their Arms. I● the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 had n●t afterwards 〈◊〉 into the bew●●●s of 
〈◊〉  〈…〉.  
In t●e year 1620 the Hollanders la●d their bloody designs in t●e East-Indies where they committed that horrid massacre and spayre at Am●●yna under a pretence that the English Factors combined to s●●ze the dutch Magazines and war● house's, whereupon they tortured the Merchant's an● murther●d others of the English, consi●●a●ed their goods and houses, took away their Is●an●s, and engrossed the w●●le spice trade at the Mulluc●o●s, contrary to their own 〈◊〉 and agreement made with th● English Company, pr●●end●ng they were 〈◊〉 by ●or●e●ure; This pagody was so execrable that one of the dutch company who could not digest so much blood and inhumanity writ the true relation of the Strattagem and sent it over land to the English Factors at Aleppo, who transmitted it to some Friends at Amsterdam, where it was printed in English and dutch to the great Amazement of all mankind, then several of the Jews sold their actions in the East-India Company Esteeming their money not safe in the hands of such a corporation that had drawn so much guilt upon themselves by their most barbarous cruelty, Foundations laid in blood cannot support a fabric 
Ani●ad. 9  ●●rg, but the whole structure will sink under its own burden.  
In the year 1621. the truce with Spain being expired the State's General proceeded with their armies into ●landers and Brabant. And in the same year they Established the West-India Company by patent, who watched for the Spanish plate fleets, finding it a very profitible war, wherein they could both trade and fight by the benefit of English and French Ports, and shelter themselves for ree●u●tes upon all accidents of wind and weather in English harbours, without Savage or Towage, Notwithstanding the Hollanders could not 
Animad. 10  retall●●●● the 〈◊〉 upon th●ir 〈◊〉 or assist the English with a Cask of fresh wa● 〈…〉.  
In the year 1622. the State● General p●●●eving that the massacre at Amboyna had ●●de a 〈…〉 in Holland, they put forth a proclamation 〈◊〉 suppress all 〈…〉 at subject promising rewards to any persons that could discover the Author of the History, in the m●●●e time th●●r Ambassadors ●usie● themselves at Whit●hall to take off the reproach and infamy t●a●●●y upon 
Ani. ●● mad. ●●  them in England. Where the S●●yn●s of that blood will n●ver b● washed out.  
The State's General during the remainder of King James his reign held themselves secure against great Brittaigne (that could obstruct their Navigation and trade) by the d●versions given to His Majesty concerning his only Daughter and her children in Bohemia, the Continual Complaints of the Merchant's trading to the East-Indies, and the divisions and controversies raised in England and Scotland by the separatists and Brownists that the Hollanders had ●●rr●d up by their seditious practices and Pamphletts dispersed in all his Majesties D●min●on● against the Government of Church and State. Whereupon great numbers of people were grown so obstinate and uncharitable in England, that rather th●n to Communicate with their Parochial Congregations they, choosed to live in America amongst the Pagans thinking to find a nearer way to heaven in new England than they were taught in great, Brittaigne, yet they followed the Hollanders steps, allowing God Almighty no share in the government, their Clergy being put to pensions, with liberty to trade for their better subsistence or to adventure their stocks in private men of war. Separatists and Annabap●●●● being fallen from th●ir first principals, have craftily learned 
Animad. 12.  to defend themselves by arms, and like Hollanders and Zeelanders pretend they may take any thing from the enemies of Christ Jesus.  
In the year 1625. King James died and likewise Prince Maurice, than the State's General sent their Ambassadors into England to treat with King Charl●s the first concerning a league offensive and defensive against Spain, which they effected and agreed that it should continnue until the Paltzgrave should be restored and the State's General settled, however that for the space of fifteen years neither party should treat upon any peace or truce without the consent of both. This treaty being concluded at Southampton was signed the 25. of November 1625. whereunto the State's General annexed their protestation in these words following viz That if his Majesty should not be satisfied within a prefixed time concerning the Massacre and spoil of his subjects at Ambo●na committed by the Hollanders that then his Majesty/ might seek satisfaction by reprisals or other wise Which notwithstanding the protestation, there was no satisfaction or reparation obtained during the reign of King Charles the frst. As the Hollanders 
Animad. 13.  could never bring King James into any league, so King Charles could never b●●ng the State's General to any performance.  
The next year after the treaty the State's General in stead of Equipping out Shpps against Spain, they send twenty Ships of war to ●●list the French King at Rochel and the Isle of Ree, to the great oppression of the Protestants in that Kingdom, where notwithstanding the new Alliance made by the Marriage between the King of great Brittaigne and H●nri●tta Maria a Daughter of France, Yet Cardinal R●●hel●●●u contrary to promises and agreements depressed the Hugonetts at Home, but assisted the Protestant Princes with men and money a broad, holding it to be the interest of France to keep under any rising party there, but to encourage and strengthen them in all other places to oppose Spain and the House of Austria their enemies.  
The four entire subsidies given to King Charles the first in 
Animad. 14.  the beginning of his reign being expended with other moneys towards relief of Nochell against the forces of France and Holland they both knew the depth of his Majesty's p●●●se a●d the strength of his arms during his time and took their Measures accordingly/ knowing that his revenue was not sufficient for any action to question France or the State's General for any spoils or incro●thments upon his Majesty or his subjects whatsoever.  
In the year 1630. the King of Spain desirous of a peace with England offered satisfaction for wrongs and injuries done, than the King of great Brittaigne acquainted the State's General thereof and would have included them in the treaty at Madrid according to the forementioned agreement, but the State's General upon the first rumour of an overture for peace, entered into a further league with France, and agreed upon Articles with that Crown to divide the Spanish Netherlands Equally between the French and the United States, and so they left the King of England at liberty to do what he pleased with the Spaniard, the State's General refusing a peace with Spain upon any conditions whatsoever; It was against the interest of Holland and their Religious concernments to end 
Animad. 15  the war so long as there were plate fleets and other spoils to be had upon such easy terms.  
During the subsequent ten years when the King of great Brittaigne was at peace with France, Spain, the State's General, and all the world in a common Amity with the Crown of England excepting the East- and West-India Companies of the Netherlands, a rebellion broke out in Ireland, the Scots invaded England, and the whole Kingdom divided into Factions, every man driveing on his own particular interest, neglecting the public, during that long vacation of Parliaments/ while the Hollanders engrossed all manner of Navigations and traffic, sailing 
Animad. 16.  in light built bottoms to English plantations. The native seamen were then discouraged, port towns decayed, Clothing towns depopulated, trade insenceably declined, and the common people became miserable and poor in the midst of plenty.  
In the Conclusion of those ten years the Queen Mother and Cardinal Rich●l●●u being at difference about the slate of affairs in France she left the Court and went to the Hague in Holland, and there proposed a match between the Prince of Orrange and the Eldest Daughter of the King of great Brittaigne, which motion Prince Henry Fredrick, entertained with high Esteem, than the Queen Mother transported herself for England and effected the Marriage accordingly. Upon hopes that Alliance might have balanced the 
Ani●●●. 17.  Cardinal's interest with the Bernevelt faction's which was Uppermost in all the States to the great prejudice of the Crown of England.  
In the pear 1640. the long Parliament begun their usurpation at Westm●●ster where the Commons prevailed with the King to pass a bill that their assembly should not be dissolved without their own consent; Then so●● after they set up for themselves and gave advantages to their brethren in the ●nited Provinces to be enriched beyond Measure by the Civil dise●tions that followed and were fomented by those factious parties that confederated themselves together.  
In this year 1640. the portugals renounced the King of Spain and declared John Duke of Braguance the Lawful successoir of D●na Catharina, and Crowned him their King, being the 1●. King of Portugal, and 4. of that name; Who was Father to the pre●ent Queen of England. 〈◊〉 the II. King of Spain, having invaded Portugal usurped the Crown after the death of Sebastian that was slain in Barbary fight against the Moors in the year 15●8. The portugals who 〈◊〉 under the S●aniards for the ●ace of 60. years were not ●e much oppre●ed by them in the East- and West-Indies as they 
〈…〉.  were by the H●●●anders who have mo●● regard to 〈◊〉 own 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉▪ ●●en they have to the orrig●●●● rights or 〈…〉 of other men.  
In the year 1643. The State's General reneved their pla●●ate against English Cloth, Kerseys, and Dozen, under greater Penalties than before, with many additions concerning the ●are, and at the same time spoilt M● C●u●t●n and his partners in the East-Indies 〈◊〉 their Acts of violence 〈◊〉, as they did of oppression at home, while the Subjects of England were weltering in their own broud in many parts of his Majesty's Kingdoms. 〈…〉 
〈◊〉  〈…〉.  
In the year 1648. the long Parliament having run● into all Extremes by subverting the government of Church and state, they acted their bloody tragedy, which I am unwilling to mention, but that I find the s●heane yearly represented in my dutch Almanacs, and the impressions in Folio at Amsterdam with the names of the R●gicides under the Sculptures, which they send unto all parts of the world, insinnuating to the Pagans, and infidels, that English men are the worst of all Nations, not worthy of any trade or commerce, having murdered their King at noon day, in the face of the ●onn, and so for their own Ends, would scandalise and reproach a whole Kingdom for the inveterate malice of some particular men, that took away the life of their Lawful sovereign Lord and King. Who they knew by the Maxims of their own Law could not err. 
An 20.   
In this year 1648. the States General fearing that France upon the conquest, and dividing of the Spanish Netherlands would betoo potent a neighbour for them, they make a peace with Spain at the treaty in Munster against the consent of the French King who would not be included in the said treaty; And in the same year at that general treaty, there was a peace concluded between the Emperor of Germany, The French, The Sweeds, and The Germane Princes, after those intestine wars had continued thirty years, and the people in the Pallatinate reduced to such Extremity, that they were forced to eat their own children to satisfy their hunger. The Hollanders after they had drained the West-Indies. 
An 21.  Spoilt the trade of Ant●●erpe, Gante, and Brugis, by Magnifi●ing Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Dort. They left the Spanish Netherlands to be a bulwark between the● and France, as the House of Austria remained a bulwark to Spain, and that Monarchy the chief Fortress of Rome; But now all three are became auxiliaries to the Hollanders, for Propogation of God's word at Amsterdam amongst the Jews and infidels there.  
Sun after the peace with Spain, the States of Holland (against the consent of the generality) would disband and Cashier many English and French Regiments of horse and foot; Although the Officers were gentlemen's younger sons, that had spent their Youth and fortunes in the State's service; The Prince of Orrange refusing to do it without pentions granted them for their lives according to the Custom of Arms, They shut up the Comptores of Amsterdam, Delf and Dort etc. assigned for their payments. This ingratitude (Which Comprehends all other vices) Moved the Prince of Orrange to send several of the chief Agents in that design to the Castle of Lovestine (From whence their party are called the Lovestine Faction) and drew up his whole Armey in the year 1650. before Amsterdam to apprehend the rest of their consorts, who were opposite to his interest and the Alliance with the King of great Brittaigne▪ But was prevented in his approach by the sluices that were opened to obstruct his March. Sun after that attempt the Prince of Orrange died, and the Lovestine Faction made this Epitaph upon him. De Prince is doodt, de gift is groot, gheen blinder maa●, in tachtentigh jeer. Which was sung by their children about the Streets and mentioned in the pulpits for joy. But within eight days after his death, there was another gift sent to the great comfort of man●y. The Princess Royal was delivered of this young Prince of Orrange on the 14. of November 1650. new stile, against whom John de Wit and his faction in the States of Holland framed an oath which every man was obliged to take before he could be admitted into any office of the government, either as Burgermaster Belieu, Scout, Schepen, or Pentionaris, the substance whereof was that they should not directly or indirectly, advance the Prince of Orrange, or his interest, but oppose it by all means possible. And the malice of the faction was such that many of them sealed their resolutions with their own blood, making small incisions in their hands whereout issued some drops of blood into a glass of wine which they drunk, and were not ashamed to show those marks of piety to their brethren, as toakens of their devotion. And would not suffer their Ministers in the public congregations to pray for the Prince of Orange even as Christians were obliged to do for their enemies. Yet ●e was not forgotten by the mean people, but hath lived 
An 22.  to see two of the faction rewarded according to the Laws of Candy, where ingratitude is punished with death.  
In the year 1650. Custodies libertatis Angliae Authoritatae Parliamenti. (that had secluded half their own members, and voated down the house of Lords) called themselves the supreme Authority of great Brittaigne, and were styled ●oe by the King of Spain, the French King, the State's General, and many other Kings, Princes, and States. Those Keepers having stamped their Coin with the inscription of God with us on the one side, and the Common wealth of England on the other. Which proved a true motto ●f their dissolution. 
An. 23.   
In the year 1651. The Keepers of the Common wealth of England. As their ●ist Essay abroad, sent M● Olvier St. john's, and M● Strickland, their Ambassadors extraordinary, with a great Equipage, and splendour, unto the State's General of the United Netherlands, the substance of their instructions being to contract an everlasting league offensive and defensive against all the enemies of both common wealths, and to borrow a considerable sum of money upon the public faith of their Masters, to supply their present occasions, and for encouragement thereunto, The Ambassadors told them of an Act of Parliament that should Naturallize all the United Netherlanders▪ whereby they might have and enjoy the same rights, and privileges, equally with free borne subjects of England, But the old crafty States men in Holland, knowing that England would draw away their best Merchants, and fishermen, into better elements And that the public faith was already upon the taynters, they rejected the first proposal and denied the second, presuming to continnue their privileges, they had in the English seas, and harbours, upon their own terms. Then the English Ambassadors told the State's General, that they must pay for their Herring fishing, and make satisfaction, and reparations, for the spoils and damages, committed at Amboyna, and upon Sir William Courten and his partners in the East-Indies. Unto all which they persisted in the negative. Then after some personal affronts, offered to the Ambassadors and their retinnue, by the King's party in the Hague, they returned re infecta to make their report to the Council of State at Whitehall, who highly resented the indignity shown to their supreme greatness, and suddenly resolved to chastise the Hollanders for their contempt, without any formal declaration of war, and to that purpose Equipped out a fleet of Ships. The State's General doing the like, they were demanded by the English Admirals to strike their flags and lower their topp-sayles, but the Hollanders refusing to give that acknowledgement unto their younger brothers, they went both to it, Catch, that Catch could, almost three years together, wherein the State's General lost so many Ships, and were so often beaten in solemn fights, that they sent their Ambassadors over into England (to treat with Oliver Cromwell who was stepped into the Government under the title of Lord Protector) to give him satisfaction in the premises. It appeared then that although the Hollanders 
An▪ 24.  were insolent they were not invincible.  
In the year 1655. Oliver Cromwell made an unprofitable peace with the State's General without disarming them, or taking caution against future spoils and injuries, granting unto the Marritine Provinces (Holland, Zealand and Frizland) the same privileges in the English Seas streams, and havens, that they had in former times. When they were under the Dukes of Bourgundy, and Archdukes of Austria, notwithstanding▪ The Kings of England gave them the liberty of Free fishing then upon the English Coast in consideration of the mutually assistance their Lords and Princes gave against France. Amsterdam being then a poor fishing town and content with the rest of the Hollanders to live upon their honest labour and industry, with what they could get by fish and the product of their own Country, as they did before the East- and West-India Companies were Errected, and before they had built so many Ships of war out of the spoils of Spain, Portugal and England, Cromwell only compelled them to make some reparations to the English East-India Company, for the spoils at Amboyna, and obliged them to refer all other differences concerning the English Damages to Commissioners, which nevertheless they reglected to do, finding out expedients, even in those days to evade their Articles. A Po●… that the Hollanders have beyond any other Nations in the universe. 
An ●●.   
In the year 1655▪ Cromwell appeared most dreadful to all parts of the world, received no addresses from Emperors, Kings, or Princes, but under the style of dear Brother and most Screen highness, he concluded an Alliance with France, made a war with Spain, assisted in the taking of Dunkirk as auxiliary, and kept it a principal, laid out for the Spanish plate fleets, Attempted Hispaniola, and by a mistake took Jam●aca, then run himself out of breath for want of money, and died. If usurpers in a divided Kingdom could 
An ●●.  ●●ate the Hollanders, shake France, and make Spain tremble, what may not the Lawful Sovereign do with his Lords and Commons united in Parliament against the en●m●●s of the King of great Brittaigne, France, and Yreland.  
In the year 1660▪ when a peace was concluded between France and Spain upon the Match with the Infanta. The Lords and Commons in England invited King Charles the second, to come and take possession of his Crown and Kingdoms. The Hollanders then fearing another storm, they strick in with the new Ministers of State in France (finding Cardinal Mazarine under a cloud) but however the States of Holland treated the King of great Brittaigne at the Hag●e, in his return, and all the Commissioners of English Lords, and Commons, in great glory, and lest it should be forgotten they also register their treatment in their Almanacs, with the gifts presented by the States to His Majesty viz. Nine hunderd-thousand gilders in money▪ and to the value of eight thousand gilders in Harlems' damask and diaper for His Majesty's Table linen which altogether amounted unto 9200▪ pound Sterling. A small recompense for the affront in bannishing his Majesty, and his Brother the Duke of York, and Duke of Gloucester out of their Provinces during Cromwell's usurpation, and for all the Ships and goods they had lately taken with Spanish Comissions. And got condemned to their own use as free prize at Oastend and other Spanish 
An 27.  Ports, Which ought to have been punished as Piracy in the Hollanders and the Z●…ders by the Laws of Common Amity and Commerce.  
About six months after the King was arrived in England the State's General sent Mr. Simon van H●rne a Burgermaster of Amsterdam, and Director of the East-India Company, with Mr. Michael van G●gh their Ambassadors Extraordinary, to his Majesty, to reneve the chief Articles of Cromwell's treaty, which was made persuant to the treaty between Philip Archduke of Austria, and Henery the VII. in the year 1495. And withal to get a general abolition and extinguishment of all Actions for spoils, injuries and damages whatsoever, sustained by his Majesty or his Subjects, at any time before his Majesty's most happy restauration, and gave such Documents along with them, that if any objections, should be raised against the material points in Cromwell's treaty, or that his Majesty was not obliged, to allow the same, that then they should insist upon the loss of all their Ships and goods, that his Majesty's rebellious subjects, had taken from the State's General and their subjects during his Majesty's Exile in the late war.  
In the year 1662. the States General concluded a treaty of Common Alliance with the King of great Brittaigne, wherein the States were obliged to regulate the trade of India, restore Pollerone and Especially to give satisfaction for the two Ships the Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura) as also to refer other losses of his Majesty's Subjects unto Commissioners, who were to receive a list of their damages, under several restrictions, and limitations of time and place. Then the State's General entered into a new league with France (never intending to perform the treaty with England) insinnuating to the French King and his Ministers, that the King of great Brittaigne resented several affronts, that were done to him by the French during his Exile, and that he might take occasion from thence to reclaim the two Provinces of Normandy and Brittaigne the ancient inheritance of the Crown of England, which would make him absolute Sovereign of the seas, and give laws both to France and Holland. So they engaged France by that new league to protect them in their Fisheries, and growing more confident in that Alliance, the States gave fresh occasions of dispute upon the Coast of Africa, accounting Europe, Asia, and America, not sufficient to maintain their pride and ambition, but they would also engross the trade of the other part of the world to affront the Royal Company of adventurers in England, holding themselves secure by the French league against all the force of arguments and Arms, that could be brought against them by the King of great Brittaigne, which alludes to the dictates of Monsieur W●menem, and others of the great and mighly Lords the States of Holland. That the State's General had sufficiently humbled the Spaniards, That the Princes bordering upon the Netherlands were rich enough to make a feast but not able to maintain a war; That even the French of themselves were no more than a breakfast to the State's General, England only a Dinner; The Sweed and the Danes but a collation, boasting that those Kingdoms were wasted by such wars that had enriched the State's General. A most wonderful alteration within the memory of man (in this age of wonders as the Appealants 
An: 28  Calls it) since the States of Holland and the State's General sent their Deputies to the public assemblies at the Hague with Roaken flesh and cheese in their Rye sacks, out of netessity to save Expenses in harbours; That are now able to contend with so many Kings and Princes.  
Upon the last Alliance between France and the United Provinces, the French King established an East-India Company, Ordanning that it should be no indignity to any of the Princes of the blood or others of the Nobility in France, to adventure and become participants in that trade. The Hollanders being statled thereat fearing it might diminish their traffic, they sent Monsieur John Tylliot, a Captain of horse in their Militia to make some diversion and give Discouragments to that enterprise, who being well acquainted at Paris, and in the French Court insinnuated in all Companies that they would lose their principal stocks, which adventured upon any such long Voyages, where the Hollanders would both undermine and overeach them in all their undertake, but for his pains the King committed him to prison, where he remained two years and upwards until some return Ships came from the East-Indies to manifest the contrary. It is an old dutch principal, where the 
An: 29  Hollanders cannot accomplish their designs by force, they will endeavour it by any sinister means, which makes the State's General so often pawn their souls their faith, and reparation, in public treaties (to game time and optunities of advantage) when at the same instant they intent shall never be performed.  
In the year 1665. the Hollanders having refused to perform the last treaty with the King of great Brittaigne, and to make reparations to his subjects for their losses and Damages according to the several and respective Articles of the said treaty. Appeals were made by all men to the sword for Justice, and a war was proclaimed by his Majesty against the State's General, with an Unamions consent of the Lords and Commons in Parliament, who granted many Millions of Pounds Sterling to carry on that enterprise, which did neither humble the Hollanders nor procure any honour or satisfaction to the King or Kingdom (Notwithstanding all the blood and treasure spent.) In any of those points insisted and agreed upon in the year 1662. either concerning the Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventure, list of damages, Polleron, or regulation of trade in the East-Indies, where the dutch have obstructed and spoilt the English, and the Subjects of all other Kingdoms in Europe, either by fraud, or force from the Freedom of Navigation, and Commerce, ever since they got any footing there. More particulary Sir William Courten and his partners who laid the same foundations for trading Voyages in the East-Indies, China, and Japan, from Port to Port. Wherein the Hollanders absoluty have gotten more by their Navigations and force in those Countries, than they did by their goods and money exported from Holland and Zealand, which is contrary to the Laws of Nations and common Alliance; As their own Countryman Grotius tells them. Quod Batavi ●ullum habent jus in Indos, Titulo Inventionis, belli, occupationis, praescriptionis, aut consuetudinis.  
Ergo quibusvis ad quosvis liberam esse mercaturam.  
Whose rules the Hollanders will not observe any further than concerns their lucre or advantage, as may be seen in the following relation. Notwithstanding the English, the portugals, and the Spaniards traded thither and were settled there many years before the Hollanders as is well known to all men that have read any thing of History.  

A True Relation of the Dutch East-India Companies Affairs, and trade in India, and parts adjacent in the year 1665. Reported by the commander in chief sent home by the General at Batavia, with their sleet arrived in Holland Anno 1666.  
THat Amboyna which yielded cloves was in a very good condition. Banda bade yielded a very good crop of mace and Nutmegs.  
Pouleron which yielded the best Nutmegs of all the Is●and● was delivered unto the English, but as soon as the news came to Batavia of the war it was taken from them again:  
Ternate that the King thereof is obliged by treaty to destroy all the cloves to the end th● Spanish should have n●ne.  
Maccassar was to be feared the most of any Indians, the staple of all foreign Commodities was there by reason of the small toll or Custom which is paid n●● Exceeding one per ●●nto, sandal wood and Tortell shell is that which the place yieldeth most:  
B●●a yieldeth red wood fit for dying, as also sandal wood, and courin a sort of white shells which in many places are used in stead of m●ny, there are very good horses.  
Solor and ●imor yieldeth sandell wood, tortell shell, and wax which is carried to Ma●●a●●ar: Timer is for the most part Inhabited by portingalls their is Bezoar and black amber to be found.  
Borneo is rich with diamonds, and pearls, whereunto the great Materan pretendeth, but he is not obeyed; here is pepper, Benjamine, camphire, Aquilwood, calam●ack, B●z●ar etc. The diamonds, are b●tt● then on the coast, but the Natives are tr●a●b●rous and blood th●●tye.  
Mallacca (which belongs to the Company) is not the trade which is used to be in Callac●●s, brought thither by the Moors, nor p●●p●r, which is now found at jamey, on the west-coast of Sumatra, here is ●●d●o ponco (believed to be a good medicine against agnes) it is found in the heads of porcupines, and are s●●●d ●●r ●●● hundred Rixdollars and upwards.  
Aichien reduced by the Company Anno 1664. ●●re is store of p●pper gold and camp●●●●▪ bett●r th●n that of Japan, the Company ●ad three hundred pound ●aight of gold here last year, there p●pper is to be sold to none, but the Company, and that at a certain price.  
Ci●o is possessed by the Company who protect the Inhabitants against those of of 〈◊〉, ●●re are gre●t quantities of Elephants, Rhinoceros, Tigers and other beasts.  
In Japan the Company have their trade on the Island Nang●sacky, where the Chineses trade very much, it yields gold, silver, Alcomy, copper, camphire, and lackworke, the Government of Japan is written and described in a treatise by Charon.  
In China the Company have but one Factory at Hocksieuw where trade is not admitted without difficulty, Especially if the company send not an Ambassador thither:  
On the Island Formosa the Company have a place called Colang in hope to bring the trade thither, the Island is governed by the Son of Coxmia.  
In the Kingdom of Torquin there was in the year 1664▪ Averie great Crop of silk.  
The Kingdom of Cambodia from whence the company trades to Japan with small profit, the Chief commodities are musk, Benjamine, sappan wood, Buck, and Buff hides, their horns, and some Tinn.  
Siam yields Buckskins which are carried to japan, and good store of Tinn but the toll or custom is very high.  
Bengale is under the Command of the great mogul, where the company hath a peaceable trade for silk, fine calicoes musk and sugar.  
In Cormandel they have several Factories, where they buy store of calicoes and sell them through out whole India.  
Massilipatnam yields diamonds from the Mine Golcanda, Gum Lackwit and Iron besides other Merchandises.  
At Pegu under the Government of Cormandell, are the best Rubies of all India.  
In Persia the company have two Factories, one at Camron, the other at Spahan, where goods are sold at great profit, Especially sugars paying small t●lls, but their silk is very dear. In regard of the contract made with the Persians Anno 1651.  
At Suratt and Gusarat the company ●ells great quantities of spices for calicoes and diamonds.  
At Ceilon that rich Island for Cinnamons' all was in good condition.  
At Batavia the Garrison was about 2000 strong, where the company for want of money, take it at Interest and pay one and a half and two per cent for a month.  
In Batavia was a good Cargo to be sent home, but by reason of the wa●r with England, six of the best Ships were kept there, that they might not fall into the hands of the Enemy.  
The English have little or no trade at Bantam, Maccassar, jamby, B●ngale, Cormandell, Surat, and Persia, Through want of money and comodities, wherewith if the company were supplied, they would carry the whole trade of India.  
The Cape bon Esperance was in good condition, the Garrison 500▪ strong, labouring to finish the Castle, There they want Slaves to manure the Land, and wood for fire and timber, the Vines and Olive trees grow there very well.  
At Sumatra, from Jamby, Palamba●gh, Andrigoi, Achien, all Fa●●or●●s in the said Island, where no other Nation now is admitted to buy p●pper.  
At Queda from Perah Ligor is a reasonable trade for tinn, from Arracan they have rice and Slaves for there service, at Batavia, from the coast of Cormand●●l 250. Thousand pounds yearly in Callioes.   

THe yearly returns from India Amounts unto twelve hundred Thousand Pound Sterling and upwards, one year with another in time of peace. Their Equipage and charge of goods last year sent amounted to 60000 pound Sterling.  
The Over-plus is divided unto the participants or employed in the payment of debts.  
The original stock of the Company was 600000. pound sterling: Amsterdam hath an half part of the stock, ●eland a fourth part, ●elf and stotterdam an eight part, Horn and Enchusen and eight part.  
They have 140. sail of Ships effective in service and 250●0. men: Mariners and Land Soldgiers: The Company being first settled in the year 1602. have improved themselves to a great ●eight ●p the defects of the English.  
All which was orriginally raised out of pickled Herrings, and Codd-fish, tak●n upon the English coa●t ●●nce Queen Elizebeth took the Hollanders into ●●r protection. Whereby they supplied not only themselves and France but s●rv●d th● vast armies of Austria and Spain, Sweeden and Poland, who made a great consumption of those Fish; that increased the Hollanders wealth an● strength; Which may be sooner retrenched by an Honourable peac●, and industrious Acts of invitation, then by a treadious & distrutive war.   

IN the years 1666. and 1667. there happened Several Remark-able things not to be forgotten. The King of great Brittaigne having the year before granted Special Letters of reprisal against the Hollanders, unto Sir Edmond Tur●or Knight and George Car●w Esq: their Executors Administrators and assigns (in consideration of the great losses and damages that Sir William Courten and Sir Paul Pyndar had sustained by the United Netherlanders) to continnue Effectual in the Law until the sum of 151612. Pound Sterling should be reprized from the State's General and their Subjects, or satisfied by the East-India Company of the Netherlands.  
Whereupon several comissions were granted to divers Captains (conformable to the Letters patents from his Majesty) who in persuance thereof brought in many Ships, sailing from the enemy's Ports, built in the enemy's Countries, laden with enemy's goods, and bound to the enemy's Cities and towns; Yet they were coloured, and claimed by English Merchants, or the Subjects of neutral Princes and States, who by extrajudicial proceedings, obtained such orders and reports that cleared the said Ships and their ladings (excepting those that were freighted with salt Vinegar and Ches●nutts, not worth the duties and charge of contending) But during those prosecutions several of the Captains detained some Ships according to the Customs of other Nations, to be tried by judicial hear in the Admiralty Court, upon presumptions that the Ships and goods belonged to the French, Dutch, or Danes, all then in confederacy and declared enemies to the King; Yet they were discharged even upon those very Circumstances that in other country's English Ships and their ladings, had been often confiscated.  
The claymours However, pretending their voyages were spoilt by bringing in their Ships under those Letters of reprisal, which discouraged their trade, they obtained a Proclamation to suspend the Execution of the letters patents (pro tempore) and likewise an order of the Councel-table dated at Mithtehall the 10. of August 1666. (old still) signed by several Lords of the Council to gratify the Spanish Agents and their confedrates/ Whereby Mr. Car●w was committed to the prison called the fleet, notwithstanding he offered to give sufficient bail in any Court of Judicature, to Answer any pretence whatsoever the claymours had against him which was denied, and Mr. Carew forced to remain a prisoner, until the most dreadful fire in London, had consumed all the houses about him. But stopped at his own dwelling house in the Parish of St. Andrews Holborn, where his several tenements adjacent escaped those flames that perished his next neighbours houses. And it is very Remark-a●●●, That the Pensionaris John de Witt●, Mr. carew's grand adversary concerning the Letters of reprisal was Massacred at the Hague on the 10. of August 16-2. (old still) where Mr. Carew was then a prisoner, and by treating those burghers with wine and brandy in his own defence, contributed much towards John de Witt●s destruction, Nisew mens Hominum fats sortisque. 
An 30   
Captain Tyrence Byrne in persuance of the said Letters patents for reprisal being fitted out with a small frigate (by Mr. jonathan Frest, the owner) seized a fly boat near Portland bay about the month of Ju●● 1666. laden with French Wine and salt, bound from France for Holland, which Shipp being brought into Poole and from thence to Chichester, the Capt: sent to Mr. Suckley his own proctor for a Commission out of the Admiralty Court (to examine the Master and the Mariners of the prize) which was directed to the Magistrates and a public Notary in Chichester, who found upon the Examinations, that the Ship was dutch built, the goods Consigned to Dutch men, and the Mariners to be Hollanders borne and inhabitans there: Yet upon return of the said Commission, Mr. Peter G●rrard and afterwards Mr. Peter Victorine claimed the said Ship and goods, pretending they belonged to Mr. Michael vander Planeken, Andrea's vande Bogard, and Mr. John Neitz of Brugis in Flanders, under the Notion of the Ship Godelieve, belonging to that City.  
Then Sir Lionel Jenkins Judge of the Admiralty Court decreed that there was good cause of seizure, and ordered that the claymours might have the Ship and goods forthwith restored upon bail to abide the sentence of the Court upon hearing the cause, which the Captors consented unto, but the claymours refused it having brought their Action at Law against Captain Byrne and arrested him by writ out of the Admiralty Court in 1000 pound damages, upon pretence of a false seizure, breaking bulk, and making sale of some salt at Poole to buy provisions for the men; Whereupon the Captain gave sufficient bail to Answer the claymours, who reglected to give caution and take away the Ship and goods which were left with the Vice-admiral at Chichester for that purpose.  
Sun after the Captain and his sureties that were bail for him, moved for a prohibition, but Sir John Keeling then Lord Chief Justice of England, refused an allowance thereof, notwithstanding by the known and established Laws of the realm, such matters of fact alleged to be committed within his Majesty's Ports, were to be tried in his Majesty's Courts of record by Juries, and not to be brought into any Arbitrary way before incompetent Judges. Afterwards the claymors upon new attestations from the same Mariners, and some pretended certificates sent out of Flanders, mentioning that the Ship and goods belonged to the Subjects of the King of Spain, which ought to have been certified by Commissioners appointed out of the same Court, whereby the persons might have been interrogated, yet a restitution was thereupon decreed by the Judge of the Admiralty, and likewise confirmed by the Lords Commissioners for prizes, so that the Ship and goods were actually delivered by the Vice-admiral to the claymors accordingly, and 150. Pound Sterling was left to be paid in Chichester that the Master and the Mariners of the prize had expended, for which Captain Byrne, and Frost were engaged and afterwards sued.  
Nevertheless Sir Walter Walker, and Mr. Franklinn, then advised the Claymors without any discontinuance of their former Action against Capt: Byrne to exhibit Articles in the Admiralty Court jointly against Sir Edmond Turnor, Mr. Carew, Captain Byrne, and Mr. Frost, wherein they were charged with trespasses and spoils for goods imbeazilled and plundered (by their own men.) And from thence a sentence was drawn against them for 1800. pound damages, which was pronounced by Sir Lionel Jenkins in favour of the claymors, who insisted that the said damages chiefly arrised by leakage and avarage, and so would make double the profit of their voyage by the seizure, more than if they had escaped Captain Byrne. From which sentence the Captain and Mr. Frost appealed to the ordinary deligates, but Sir Edmond Turnor, and Mr. Carew appealed specially unto Sir Orlando Bridgman, than Lord Keeper of the great Seal of England and prayed that some judges of the Common Law might be appointed as adjuncts to consider of the Nullity of the said sentence, which Sir Walter Walker, and Mr. Franklinn most vexatiously opposed by a Request, and insisted that Sir Edmond Turner and Mr. Carew might be ordered to give bail to abide the sentence of the Judges deligates, or that their Appeal might be rejected which Sir Orlando Bridgman, irregulary appointed. Although no caution was given by them Prima instantia, neither were S● Edmond Turnor, or Mr. Carew at any time summoned or arrested in the said cause, or ever made any defence, or were concerned therein. Yet the said Sir Walter Walker and Mr. Franklinn, forced the said Sir Edmond Turnor & Mr. Car●w, to give extraordinary caution to avoid that impertinent sentence, which they threatened should be executed upon their persons. And which still depends before the Judge's deligates & adjuncts. And aught to be declared null and void to all intents and purpoposes against Sir Edmond Turner and Mr. Carew (admitting Captain Byrne, and Mr. Frest, were guilty of any thing laid to their charge) And if the Subjects of England should not be admitted to appeals 
A●. 33.  and revisions in such cases, they would be rendered in a worse Condition, than any slaves in Spain or Turkey.  
As it is against the Law both divine and Civil, that one person should be punished for the offence of another, so it is as unreasonble that the claymors should take any advantage (against Captain Byrne and Mr. Frest of their own wilful reglect, or to seek after treble the value of all the goods, that they cost in France, when there was good cause of seizure, which made them liable to the charge and expenses of bringing up the Ship, and making inquiry after the confi●●ation. And it was Lawful for the Captain to prosecute for the Ship & goods, in the names of Sir Edmond Turnor and Mr. Carew persuant unto the Letters patents, without subjecting of them to any offence, they being Turstees for a Corporation of Creditors and altogether passive in matter of fact.  
Captain Byrne and all other Captains had only power to Execute their Commission according to the rules and Directions contained in the Letters patents, if they transgressed those Limitations it was their own Act, and not Sir Edmond Turnors and Mr. carew's, The Maxim, Qui facit per alterum facit per se, is relative to Civil Actions where all things are done persuant to a Lawful Authority. Personal injuries, cannot be comprehended within any deputation or Commission whatsoever, and it would be of evil consequence, if such provisional sentences should be confirmed and brought into Precedents. Being contrary to Law, and the very express words of His Majesties grant declared in the said Letters Pattens wherein it's mentioned in the last clause of the Patent, that this Royal Commission should be favourably interpreted and construed in all respects to the benefit and advantage of Sir Edmond Turnor and George Carew, their Executours' Administratours and assigns.  
Captain Edward Lucy, and Capt: john Holiness, in prosecution of their Comissions under the said Letters Patents, did within the space of three months, take, sink, & burn Nine Ships of the French, Dutch, and Danes, yet they met with such discouragements at home, that rendered their erterprises rather burdens to themselves and their Friends, than any advantage or profit to the Heirs Executous or Creditors of Sir William Courten, Sir Paul Pridar, and Sir Edward Littleten, who were also blamed for spoiling the King's enemies. And Mr. Franklinn to show an absolute prejudice against Mr. Carew advised Mr. joas Ever●yen (a dutch claymor) his brother in Law to arrest him in a vexatious action of 1000 pound, by writ out of the Admiralty Court upon pretence of a spoil done by Captain Heyden to a Hamburger in the month of August 1666. and although sufficient bail was given into the Court to answer the Action, Yet no prosecution was ever made against him thereupon, nor any Costs paid him for his vexatious trouble.  
It is not difficult to register the names of several Hollanders, Frenchmen, and Danes, that traded all the time of the late war in the names of Flemings, and Hamburgers, and that had also their correspondence in England, to colour and protect their Ships and goods by collusive testimonials, and Commissions out of Flanders and the Hantz towns. Even as several hooker's and Dogger boats of Zirrickzee, and Herring-buysies of Mazelandsluice, Scheydam, and Anchusen, Fished freely as Oastenders and the Subjects of other neutral Princes, which encouraged the King's enemies in those times of extremity; Whilst His Majesty of great Brittaigne, laboured under all the difficulties imaginable that were brought upon the Kingdom, through the corruptions and self interests of particular men.  
In the year 1667. After the rage and fury of the sword, fire, and pestilence, had abated, and the King was treating (in the territories of the Hollanders) at Breda concerning a peace with the State's General, France, and Danemarcke, the States adventured upon a signal exploit to burn His Majesty's Ships at Chattam, Supposing that English men could digest fire both by land and water, than they tr●●●mph●ntly insisted, that the Act concerning Navigation was dis●●●●ive to their Commerce, and therefore proposed to have a● Article to make it void, presuming that such treaties might dissanul Acts of Parliament, as well as Letters Patents under the great Seal of England, but being advised to the contrary, they prevailed only for a dispensation, that all goods coming down the Rhine out of Germany to the staple at Dort, should be admitted as of their own growth, and transported to England in dutch bottoms; Then they insisted upon a further provision to be made for tender Conscienci●s concerning all English men, that should transport themselves, into the united Netherlands for protection which was refused. Only in favour of Doctor Richardson, Minister of the English Church at Leyden, it was consented unto (Notwithstanding the Yorkshire Plott) that all Preachers who were come out of His Majesty's Kingdoms, should be free from any impeachment for treason, etc.  
The Hollanders those conquerors (as they termed themselves) rested not satisfied here, but projected several Articles in general terms to acquitt and discharge (de bene esse) all Actions and pretensions whatsoever, that his Majesty and his Subjects had against the State's General and their Subjects from the beginning of the world to the conclusion of that treaty, wherein Pouleron was also to be suddenly relinquished that had been 40. years in delivering up persuant to several former treaties, and the Sovereignty of Surrinam to be surrendered, which had been only possessed some weeks by the Zealand Capers, and retaken from them by the English.  
Here was a strange providence and very remark-able concerning Surrinam and Pouleron. This Surrinam was a Colony settled by the Lord Willoughby, wherein he had expended all his patternall Estate; And this Lord Willoughby was the person that had kept the lands & possessions of Sir William Courten and his Heirs in the Island of Barbados, from the right proprietors under the pretence of a lease from the Earl of Carlilse, as Lord Proprietor of the Carebee Islands, who had by force supplanted Sir William Courten his tenants, officers and Servants, after Sir William had settled a Colony there & had expended thirty thousand Pounds Sterling & upwards in fortifications, buildings, and planting, having first discovered, the said Island, and been three years in quiet possession thereof.  
Pouleron is an Island, that belongs to the Heirs and Successors of the English East-India Company, that first acquired the same by their joint stock; and such an Island that was taken from them orriginally by violence (which creates noeright) & annexed to the Hollanders possessions; This Island was wasted by the East-India Company of the Netherlands, after Cromw●lls treaty, and all the nuttmegg trees, were there destroyed by Capt: Kirkhove and his Soldgiers in obedience to the Hollanders Commands, & the General of Batavia, which trees were to have been restored to the English again in the same condition they were growing. This Island was after many long delays, delivered to the English, but retaken the same year again by the Dutch East-India Company, without any satisfaction or price, for the spoil or the soil, whereof the Hollanders, esteem themselves to be for ever acquitted and really discharged, without any Act or deed from the original proprietors, who could not formerly agree, how to draw up a discharge for the 80000. pound Sterling that Cromwell borrowed of them against their will, which the Hollanders had paid, by Mr. ●illiam Garraways Solicitation, for other damages, 
An: 32:  Nor consent to give him a reward, answerable to his pains for getting that which they lost by their ingratitude.  
Yet the State's General by the treaty at Breda became obliged to regulate the trade in the East Indies and to observe the former Capitulations concerning Surrinam. Which nevertheless the Eastand West-India Companies of the Netherlands afterwards refused to perform. Knowing that they themselves do govern the States of Holland, as the States of Holland do govern the State's General. The Deputies of the 18. respective Cities, which are sent to the Assemblies of the great and mighty Lords the States of Holland, being Directors or participants of the East- and West-India Companies. The Diputies of the respective Provinces, sent to the Assemblies of the high and mighty Lords the State's General, being also Directours or participants of the East- and West-India Companies. The respective Persons or Lords of the Counsels of the State's General, and the States of Holland; As also The respective Lords in the several Colleges or Chambers of their Admiralties in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Midleburgh, North-Holland, and F●●zland, are likewise Directors or participants of the East- and West-India Companies of the Netherlands, and mostof them Either Br●wars, Soap-boilers, Sugerbakers', & their sons, or Advocates, who are also the Magistrates of the respective Cities, and ●●chivens in the several Courts of Judicature, where the Subjects of Foreign Princes, cannot expect Justice in any matters upon Civil Actions brought before them, wherein their own interests are any ways concerned, being both parties and Judges themselves, which is a most abominable and intolerable practice. especially when Appeals are made from those Competent Judges (so termed) in the respective Cities, unto the Provincial Court, and Superior Court at the ●ague, where there cannot be any other Creatures found a mo●gst them then of the same mould, before whom the suits and Complaints of many orphans and widows have been delayed some 20. and some 30. years, and left still undetermined; who have appealed to Heaven for bengance, which at last is fallen upon the Hollanders for their freude and oppression.  
If Justice cannot be obtained in their Ordinary Courts of Judicature upon civil Contracts and obligations between Englishmen and Hollanders, for matters arising within their own Country, or for debts contracted in England, It cannot be expected that any strangers should find relief against any Director or participant of the East- or West-India Company upon any cause of action real or personal, for goods, lands, or money, gotten into their hands and possession in foreign parts, for any sporle or trespass whatsoever Committed in the East- or West-Indies. Where they make war and peace, at pleasure.  
Tantum Imperium Principis quam Patrimonium majus est. Ad Reges potestas omnium pertinet, ad singulos proprietas.  
And the Casuists affirm that a debtor although Judicially absolved, remains a debtor, until he hath given satisfaction.  
Jus permaneat semper, nec unquam mutetur lex vero scripta saepius.  
In the year 1668. The French King, in right of Maria his wi●e, Daughter of Ph●lip the IV. pretending a title to the Spanish Netherlands, after the King of Spain's de●th, entered into Brabant and Flanders with an Arm●y, and took possession, of Ch●rleroy, Binch, A●●●●, Dou●y, S●●rpe, Tournay, Oul●●ard, Li●le, Armentiers, Cortrick, ●●wxbargh, with the b●ylewicks Casteleines and jurisdictions to them belonging, notwithstanding the Queen had renounced her right and the French King barred himself (as the Hollanders say) by the Pyreenean treaty. Which the Lawyers and divines of France, affirm to the contrary, first in regard the 400000 Spanish Ducats were not paid by the King of Spain, promised in marriage with the Infanta, which was the ground of the Pyreenean treaty; And Especially for that the Sovereignty of those Provinces could not be alienated, separated, or divided from the Crown by any Colaterall Acts or agreements contrary to the Law of the Country. However a triple Alliance was made between the King of great Brittaigne, the King of Sweeden, and the State's General, tending to reconcile France and Spain, and to oppose the French King in his further progress into the Spanish Netherlands, which triple league procured the treaty at Aken, and produced an accord that France should for ever enjoy those places taken by his Arms, and an everlasting peace was concluded (in terminis) confirming the Pyrenean treaty whereby France, was to forsake Portugal, and leave that Crown to the Mercy of the Spaniards, and Hollanders. Which 
An: 33:  was more unjust, than the French Kings entrance into Flanders was unreasonable. From whence it appears that public treaties are not like the Laws of the Meads and Pers●●ns. The strongest parties makes the best construction and interpretation of all doubtful cases.  
In the years 16-0. and 16-1. the French Forces being Exercised in the new conquested Places of Flanders, and Brabant, the Hollanders were as jealous of such neighbours, as the French were troubled at such attendance. The State's General having levied 50000. Soldgiers to watch their motions, by land and water. Then Admiral van Ghent near the Flemish-coast refused to strike sail to the Royal Standard of great Brittaigne, that was carried in His Majesties own Brigadine, but Answered the demand most contemptuously with powder and ball. Afterwards the State's General being as unwilling to give satisfaction for such indignites and affronts to his Majestic, as they were for spoils, and injuries to his Subjects▪ this present war ensued wherein the King of great Brittaigne, and the French King, have made an Alliance of mutual assistance against the Hollanders, finding that those Crowns, had formerly taken wrong measures to suffer the United Netherlanders, which they saved from extirpation▪ to grow ●oe powerful and great, to contend with them and their Allies. Which also confirme● the 
An. 34.  English proverb, save a thief from the Gall-house, and he will be the first that shall ●utt your throat, wher●fore the l●ague with France proceeds not from such dangerous counsels. As the Appealants to the Parliament would suggest.  
In the year 1671. John de ●●●●, Pensionaris of Holland, & his faction being drunk with success in the former wars. Over- ruled that party in the States of Holland, who advised to raise a great Army to oppose France by land, and suddenly to invade the Bishop of Munster's Country. And to make only a defensive war against England by guarding their own Coast. But ●●●n de ●●●● Argueing that the three Maritine Provinces (by reason of their sluices) being impregnable by land, there was a necessity to keep the sea open for their trade and Navigation, otherwise they would soon become beggars, wherefore his Council was followed, and a great fleet out of hand provided to fight both the English and the French, which the Hollanders (taking their advantage) did engage on the first of June 1672. (old sti●●) Wherein the Earl of Sandwich, and Admiral van Ghent, with several others of both sides perished, when it appeared that the French notwithstanding their natural courage, were better at land then at sea, and the English alone, if they had pursued the victory, might have destroyed the dutch ●leete upon their own Coast, in that time of consternation, The French English and Munster forces, having entered Gilderland, Over●sell, and Utrecht, Yet the Hollanders out of an ambitious humour to keep up their sinking reputation, exposed their prints to all parts of the world, signifying that they had beaten two glorious Kings at sea, and many English- men (to their shame be it spoken) rejoyed at their own folly and infirmities, Complying with the appeallants fancies. That from Cromwell's joining with the French, the destruction of Europe might take its date. The Kingdoms of C●cillea and Naples, made Arragon, and Caste●le much lighter 
An. 35  than before. The West-Indies, and the Netherlands put into the s●ale made all Spain of less weight. Princes that grasp at more than they can govern and protect, make themselves unfortunate and their Subjects miserable.  
In that year 1671. if the devil had not owed the Hollanders a shame for their pride and insolency, they might have complied with England or France, but notwithstanding they saw the dangers approaching, and had fair warnings given them after the breaches of their faith, treatyes, and Alliances, yet in stead of making any reconciliation with either, they persisted in the desiance of great Brittaigne, concerning his Majesty's Prerogative in the seas, exposing to sale their medals and Prints of Chattam, their Pamphletts and pasquils of the King and his Council, and likewise enraged the French, with their impositions, menaces, and contempts painting the King between Madamoiselle de la Valiere, and Madamoiselle de Montspan, with both his hands under their Petticoats, and this in scription over his head, Lovys le grand Conqueror, and at the same time painted the Bishop of Munster riding upon a hogg, and his Coach drawn with six wild Boars. Then by order of the King and Council at Whitehall, the war was proclaimed, the Dutch Smirna fleet attacked, and the Exchequer stopped from payment of the Banckers' assignments. Necessity hath no Law, and people that 
An. 36▪  cannot● be conquered with Kindness, must be taken upon all advantages to make them mannerly and honest against their wills.  
In the year 1672. after that sea fight, when the United Netherlands were invaded by the French, English, and Munster forces (the Women in the Hague having before proclaimed the Prince of Orange, Captain General, the Burghers and Boars in all the Cities and Dorpes voated him their Statholder, and the State's General in the first week of Julij 1672. were forced for their own defence, to establish him in all the Offices and honours that his Ancestors had enjoyed. Which the Prince of Orange willingly accepted for 
An. 37▪  their safety in time of trouble, that would not pray for his welfare in time of their prosperity.  
In this juncture of confusion the King of great Brittaigne having a difficult game in hand, wherein the Hollanders and Zelanders, were to be sufficiently humbled, and the French not exalted, His Majesty sent the Duke of Buckingham, and the Earl of Arlington his Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotenciaries to the French King, and the State's General, who held some conferrences at Utrecht, until the Burghers of Amsterdam had Cut the banks of the Tie, and opened the sluices to drown the land about that City, than the Magistrates and inhabitants there protested against any further treaty declaring that they would not do any thing upon a surprise. Concluding▪ ●h●r● they ●●ul● not make an honourable peace 
●● 38▪  they would run the 〈◊〉 of a destructive ●●rr.  
The French King in his proposals to the State's General at Utrecht, insisted that a Cathedral Church in every City of Holland should be allowed to the Roman Catholics for Divine worship. The Romanists giving these reasons for it unto the Dome-Heeres there 1. That the Churches were all built by the Roman Catholics 2. That the Major part of the people in those United Provinces remained still Roman Catholics, 3. That the States had kept the possession of those Churches eighty years from the Roman Catholics. 4. That the Protestants in France, who denied the Popes supremely were allowed Churches wherein many of the Netherlanders had free access. 5. And lastly that it was very scandalous that the Roman Catholics should be confined to such poor consecrated meeting places for the service of God in the chiefest C●tties and towns of the United Netherlands, Yet all those Arguments would not preva●le with the Amsterdamers, who pretended that it would be a badge of conquest over them, to alter any thing of their government in point of Religion. And having gotten those Churches by their victorious Arms with such congregations into them they would not so tamely part with either. 
●●▪ ●●.  The like congregations are not to be found in any other part of the world (gathered together by the sword) regulated by the Civ●ll Magistrates as they are in the United N●therlands.  
During this confusion, the Maritine Plenipotenciary Cornelius de ●●tt who had been newly gratified with 36000. gilders by the State's General for his good service at sea in that Expedition, (where the Earl of Sandwich was fired) was contriving how to poison or pistol the Prince of Orange at land, and to that purpose treated with one William Titchelaer a Chirurgeon at Peirshill (a tenant under that Plenipotentary) to accomplish the design, Corn●●ius de Witt insinnuating to him that the Prince being now made Statholder by the mean people, they would not rest until they had made him Sovereign and consequently subverted the Government of the Country, and that if he would undertake the business to dispatch him, there were above thirty Lords in the Government of Holland that would very well requite him besides he should have 3000. Pound Sterling for his premium, and for the better effecting the design, some of the Lords in the States of Holland, should help him to an employment in the leaguer to be ne'er the Prince. But the Chirurgeon notwithstanding he had sworn secrecy to C●rn●●●us de Wit yet he could not be quiet in his mind until he had revealed the conspiracy to the Prince. Whereupon Corn●●●us de Witt being apprehended; The Court of Justice heard the evidence, and wa●ghing all circumstances did on the 10. of August 1672. (old s●●●●) give sentence only for his banishment and the forfeiture of his Offices and Dignities, But the Common people in the Hague Banished him and his Brot●●r 
An▪ 4●▪  John de Witt on the same day into another world as members not fit to ●●ve any longer in this.  
The Prince of Orange soon after made some alteration amongst the Magistrates of Amsterdam and other places; Then he gave his first assault upon the French at Worden where he come off with loss and a dishonourable retreat. In December following he made an attempt upon Charleroy without success, when the Duke of Lutz●●burgh with his forces from Utrecht burned Bodegrave and Swammerdam, two of the best Dorpes in Holland, and if the Frost had continnued 24▪ hovers longer they had burnt the Hague, where the people upon the first Alarm removed all their plate Jewels and fine L●nnen to Delf, Layden, and Rotterdam. This being done in the absence of the Prince, the Burghers begun to Clamour against him for ill conduct, ●aying that they were all betrayed, and that the Prince knew of this war, when he was with his Uncle in England in the year 1670▪ (making merry with venison pasties) Although the Prince moved altogether by the State's order in Military affairs, and had not so much command of the Treasury or Militia, as to prefer a Soldgier or reward a servant. Princes walk 
An 4●▪  upon narrow banks, where their fortunes dipends upon such gidd●y people's ●u●ours.  
In the beginning of this year 1673. The King of Sweeden interposing as Mediator between all parties, Proposed a General Treaty for a peace, and in the interim a Cessation of Arms, the former was seemingly accepted by the States, but the later absolutely refused, yet underhand they desired a cessation with England at sea, for which they would have given 130000. pound Sterling. The State's General, finding themselves not able to digest the forces of so many Kings and Princes, at one meal by land, without a free vent backward by water for trade, Especially for bringing home 
An ●2.  their East-India Ships, they lost this year which were of greater value than the price offered for a Cessation.  
The Hollanders perceiving their money was not so courrant in England as formerly. They Appeared under this strange Character of England's appeal to the Parliament, which yet did not do their turn, The Commons gave the King 70000. pound per month, for eighteen months, towards the further expense of the war, than the Hollanders made a sudden resolution in the assembly of the States to raise new levies by Capital lending, to set out a great fleet, which money was to be paid in before the first of April 1673. (new stile) and was done accordingly. The people being moved by a preamble in the Placcate, and act for raising the money grounded upon the Lord Chancellor's speech in Parliament, Especially upon that expression (Dilenda Cartago) which did surprise the States of Holland, & Zealand, when they were at a strait for ready Cash, their Cantores being empty, & their obligations of little value. The Duke of Brandinburgh having lately Caldeized them out of 200000. pound upon a contract for mutual assistance, whereby he was to send the States 12000. foot and 8000. horse to be maintained at a joint charge, but nevertheless he kept both the men and the money for his own defence upon a better bargain with the French concerning Cleave, and Mark. Where several of his best Towns had been long detained from him by the States. Here the Hollanders were paid in their own coin, who never performed any part of a public treaty, further 
An. 43.  than attended their own profit or advantage.  
Now while the States were chaffering about the place of treating, they were using all means, possible to evade it, by contracting leagues and Alliances with Spain, and Austria, to maintain the Protestant interest which the Appealants to the Parliament say the King's Ministers neglected, and rather than they would submit to England or part with any thing they had got by fraud and violence, they send their Agents to Pomerania, Courland, Prusia, and other neutral Places, to raise both horse and foot to appear with an Army in the field, as well as a fleet at sea to treat like, Sovereign Princes, with their swords in their hands, Yet intending no agreement but upon their own terms, depending upon their brethren in England, and Scotland to accomplish their designs, presuming that the Commons there would not have Holland's patience to endure an exspensive war much longer. The States 
An. 44.  keeping to their old Principals, that there was no means so approved 
An. 44.  under heaven to weaken great Brittaigne, as by sowing sedition amongst the people, with notions of introducing popery, or setting up an Arbitrary Government by the French Alliance. Although they were not ignorant that it is as impossible for a Roman Catholic to be King of England, as a reformed Protestant to be King of France.  
This last Summer the State's General engaged the English and French fleets in three sea sights wherein there was no considerable loss of either side (Excepting Sir Edward Sprague) being all fought ne'er the banks upon the Coast of Holland, Zealand, and Flanders, where the French were less useful at sea this year, than they were the last, which encouraged the Hollanders still to boast, and publish in all foreign parts, that they had beaten the two mighty Kings again at sea in three most glorious Victories. This report made some persons rashly to say, that the English were either traitors or Cowards, Notwithstanding Admiral de Ruytter in the last sea fight writ to the States that it was Gods great mercy, he could keep the sea to guard their Coast. Although he could not guard the East-India Ships upon the Coast of Norway, not daring to adventure for their protection at sea, any further than the States Armies and their Allies did by land for the relief of Mastricht, which was surrendered within 14. days after the first storms made by the English and French forces, that much surprised the Hollanders, to lose such a considerable 
An. 45.  place in so short a time. Which plainly demonstrates to all the world, that those who are Masters of the field, are Masters of the best garrisons, even as they that were Masters at sea in the year 1667. were Masters of the Royal Charles, and the London.  
In the month of October last, the Hollanders with their Hackney Appealants, degenerated English men, charged their Paper guns again with new expedients against the meeting of the Parliament, and Framed a Letter in a Dutch dress, directed to the King of great Brittaigne dated the 25. of October 1673. (stilo novo) which they sent by a Trumpeter, after they had first distributed many thousand copies in English and Dutch amongst their Friends & confederates in England, and Holland, insinnuating how ready the State's General had always been to give His Majesty all reasonable satisfaction for avoiding the miseries and Calamities inseparably attending the war, alleging that they thought the triple Alliance had bound them eternally from any further rupture, adding that now the Prince of Orange his interest and theirs being united together with his personal m●r●it, those considerat●ns might incline His Majesty to peace, making a deduction of all that had proceeded at Cologne, whereby they waved the Lords Plenipotentiares, and appealed from the King unto his Subjects. And at the same time industriously set on foot a clamour against the Marriage between the Duke of York and the Duchess of Modena, Then the King prorogued the Parliament until the 7. of Januarij next, and in the mean time answered the State's Letter from point to point with was sent back by the same Trumpeter. Whereby it appeared that the State's General had found instruments purposely to deceive his Majesty's Subject, sand delude their own. 
An. 45.   
Then the Appealants consulted with their consorts the Chief Ministers of State in the Hague, how they should satisfy the Common people in England and Holland concerning the King's Letter, whereupon they made several remarks reducing them under Nine heads, which they also published in print, impudently denying all that was asserted by the King in his Answer, and concluded with a dispute concerning his Sovereignty in the English seas, absolutely denying his Majesty's right to the Herring fishing. And affirmed that the Plempotentiaries at Cologne having not shown any ground or cause of their war, it was reasonable for the State's General to decline any longer treating there, Especially upon conditions that were unlawful, and not sufferable for their Subjects, much less to refunde the charge of the war, or to consent unto a free trade in the East-Indies, or to demolish any forts there.  
In this Juncture, the Prince of Orange returned to the Hague with great joy from the Frontiers of Germany, his fortune smiling upon him in the end of this year, that frowned in the close of the last, Then the States of Holland, Zealand, and Frizland, to stop the people's mouths proclaimed a day of public thanksgiveing to be solemnised on the 6. of December instant reciting the particulars in all their Courants viz, First for the glorious Victories at sea against the English and French. 2. For taking of Worden by surrender. 3. For their good success against Bone and Rynebeck. 4. And lastly for the vigorous proceedings of the Spaniards upon the frontiers of France since their declaration of war, on which day of thanksgiveing the Cannons in every City roared, and the Predicants in very pulpit, by order of their Superiors handled the remarks upon the Kings Answer more than their texts, giving the people some crombes of Comfort, that their Friends were working for them in England, Scotland and Yreland, and their Enemies voluntairly leaving Utrecht, Over-Issel, and Gilderland, upon terms of brandscatting, which brings to my remembrance a very remarkable Passage, that I lately met with, on the Monthly day of Humiliation in a Church at Amsterdam. I shall only make a short repetition in a paragraph or two of some raptures and ejaculations used in the Ministers Prayers as ne'er as possible can be rendered in English out of the Dutch talk, which I have here also inserted. The first Predicant after he had made a brief confession of the great and manifold sins and transgressions of the congregation, he Expostulated in a familiar peticionary way with God Almighty as fallows. 
O here in ghenade aensient uwe dienaeren de Staten van Hollandt; e'en volck verhorens vyt also Natien am u te dienen end uwen Heylighen Naem groot te maken/ wy bidden u o here aensiet den wijn-stock die uwe handt gheplant heeft in dese Dereenighde Nederlanden/ end en laet niet toe dat den wilden Beer oft Beesten van het veldt het vyt-wortelt. O Here omme dat ghy ous gheesten van verstant hebt ghegheven te kennen de voordeelen die wy hebben/ end de swackheden van onse upanden/ moeten wy daerom vergaen.  
O Lord in mercy look upon thy servants the States of Holland, a people chosen out of all Nations to serve the, and magnify thy Holy Name, look down we beseehe the o Lord upon the vineyard, that thine own right hand hath planted in these United Netherlands, suffer not the wild Boar or Beasts of the field to pluck it up. Oh Lord because those haste given us spirits of understanding to deserve our own advantages, and our enemy's infirmities must we therefore perish.   
His Text was in the 16. Cap. of Exod. from the 12. Verse to the 21. After his Sermon he desired the Congregation to sing the 80. Psalm, than the other Minister stepped into the Pulpit, and when the Psalm was ended, he uttered himself as follows. 
O here stort uwen zeghen op de Staten van Hollandt ouse wettighe Souveraynen/ end de Staten vande Dereenighde Provincien haer gheconfedereerdens de Hoven van justity/ de Camer van ●●eke●inghe/ end de Achtbare Magistraten van dese Plaetse/ behoudt end beschermt den Pri●s van Oraignien ousen Capiteyn Generael/ end gheeft him victoric over alle sijue vya●den; O here om dat ghy on's in weynighe jaeren hebt ghegheven matched en middelen am on's selven so te water als te land te beschermen teghen de matched end boosheyt van ouse vyanden/ moeten wy daerom vernietight word/ do't met on's here naer uwen will/ doch verlost on's dit mael uyt de hauden der Moabiten end Philistijnen/ marked on's onderdaenen van uwe ghenade/ op dat wy instrumenten moghen zijn van uwe heerlijckheydt/ O here oft het u gheliefde de herte vanden Coninck van groot Brittaignien te openen/ end de gheesten van sijnen grooten ●●aedt in't Parliament te verstercken dat Sijne Majesteyt bewoghen mocht werden tot soodanigen vredeed welek bestaen mochte met haet welvaeren end reputatie vande Staten van deaf Dere●nighde Nederlanden.  
Pour down thy blessings O Lord upon the States of Holland our lawful Sovereigns, and the States of the United Provinces their confederates, the Courts of Justice, the Chamber of Accounts; and the Worp. ll Magistrates of this Place, Preserve and defend the Prince of Orange our Captain General, and give him victory over all his enemies; O Lord because thou hast afforded us means and strength in few years to defend ourselves by sea and land, from the malice, and power of our adversaries, must we therefore be destroyed, do with us Lord what pleaseth the, only this time deliver us from the hands of the Mohebites and Philistines, make us the Subjects of thy mercy, that we may be the further instruments of thy glory: Oh Lord that it would please the to open the heart of the King of great Brittaigne, and to stir up the spirits of the great Council in Parliament, that His Majesty may be inclined unto such a peace that may consist with the welfare and reputation of the United States, in these Netherlands.   
His Text was taken out of the 10. Chapter of Judges from the 6. Verse to the 17. and after a tedious and impertinent discourse upon that Subject, he concluded the day with an exhortation to Charity for relief of the distressed brethren, whereof one bag is usally taken by the Predicant to dispose amongst the poor Isarellites, and the other two are distributed by the deacons' amongst the afflicted in 
An: 474  the tribe of Judah: Many such precious men, Slips of the same vine were lately planted in England, which brought forth sour grapes, that set the people's teeth on Edge.  
It's possible these notions may not affect all Englishmen, or incline them to believe, that there was any necessity of a war, to reduce or humble these godly Hollanders; Which induceth me to tell you in plain English, I knew the time when it was as difficult to get a good farm, or a house for a tenant in England, as it is now to get a good tenant for either, since the Hollanders by their seditious practices are grown so populous and so great. I knew also the time when Ipswich, Hadley and Buildstone flourished as much as Harlem, Leyden, and Delf. And when Ratcliff and Limhouse flourished as much as Surdam and Dordr●●ht. And do believe there was a time when Orford, Dunwich, and Alborough, and other ancient Seaport towns upon that Coast, had not their Privileges granted, only to Catch Oysters, Macharell, and Sprats, where the banks are washed away with the waves, and their Havens stopped up with sands, while the Fishermen from Anchuysen, Schiedam, Zirrickzee etc. in Holland, Zealand and Frizland, take the Herrings, Gaberdine and linge with their Busses, hooker's and Dogger boats to increase their strength and means to dispute the right and Privileges of free fishing upon the English Coast. Which brings me also to tell you what the Hollanders say in some of their remarks upon the Kings Answer to the State's Letter, but in another style then formerly they writ to King James in the beginning of his reign. 
An. 4●.   
In their first Remark they say that Titus Livius and all the Roman Emperors gave medals in gold upon their conquests and Victories. And cite a Text of Scripture in Exod. 17. and 15. That Moses erected an altar when Ameleck was beaten calling its name the Lord is my Banner, where the verse following says the Lord hath sworn that he will have war with Ameleck from one generation to another. In the fourth remark they say it is not true that the States were obliged to send Commissioners into England to regulate a trade in the East-Indies, only the King of great Brittaigne proposed a reglement, which was so absurd, that the English nation would have a trade equal to the Hollanders, which was fomented by the French, and for fear something might be undertaken by the French against their State, they sent Monsieur van Bewninghen for England to remove all sinister impressions, that the French proposals might have made upon his Majesty against the Triple Alliance, and offered for the preservation of the peace of all Christendom, to make a defensive, and offensive war against France for the further confirmation of the Triple Alliance, which was rejected and a league made since with France contrary to the Triple League (which the French Ministers presumptuously called The Beggar's agreement.) And in their Ninth, Remark which concerns only the Herring fishing, they say can any body lay claim or make pretence to wha the never yet possessed, was it not endeavoured in the year 1635. by King Charles the first, His Majesty's Father to introduce a tribute by forcing the same with some Ships of war, which is repugnant to the long and free custom of Fishery, that for these last 140. years (Persuant to the treaty made in the year 1495. between England and their State) hath been continually and quietly practised and enjoyed until the year 1635. as aforesiad.  
Now I appeal to the greatest Champions for the Hollanders in any part of His Majesty's Dominions, Whether they can hear without grief, and Astonishment such impudent Arrogant expressions belehed out up the States and their Predicants, and Audatiously applied to themselves, with reflections upon the King and his Kingdoms, or whether they can with patience hear the States and their mercinaries to give the King of great Brittaigne the ley concerning the East-India trade, or be persuaded that the only way to priserve the peace of Christendom was to join with the Hollanders in an offensive and defensive war against the French King, that hath lately consumed for much treasure, and wasted so many families of the Nobility, and gentry towards the Chastizing of those high and mighty Lords, and great and mighty Lords, that took their titles from a French Compliment, and were protected by the French Kings against all their Adversaries for the space of sixty eight years together, or whether they can contain themselves any longer when they hear those States affront the King of great Brittaigne in that peremptory manner to tell him, that the Crown of England was never possessed of the herring fishing, or that the late King his Father had not force of Arms in the year 1635. to obstruct their right to the herrings upon his own Coast, where they claim the privilege of free Fishing by prescription of the treaty Anno 1495. which was 77. years before they were acknowledged to be free Countries, and had the liberty of the English Coast in Compensation of the leagues offensive and defensive against France, who were then the Hereditary Enemies of the Crown of England.  
But it is objected by their Friends that if the King's Subjects should eat any quantities of herrings, barrel cod, or stockfish, there would not be such a consumption of beife, mutton and veal in his Majesty's Kingdoms, which brings up the rents of Land. And it is pretended that the King is at no loss by the Hollanders, Zelanders, and Frizlanders fishing for herring and ●odd, upon his own Coast which otherwise would be lost for want of taking, and all the Cloisters, Monasteries and Religious houses in the Spanish Netherlands, Germany, Poland, France, Westphalia etc. would be left distitude of provisions which up the strick● rules of their Religion do abstain from flesh several weeks in a year, and several days in every week which in England, Scotland and Ireland, since the Reformation the Protestants are not obliged to do.  
As to the Kings Right to the Herring fishing. It admits no dispute, being upon his own Coast. But if any man gives nourishment to a vulture, or hugs a serpent in his bosom, he may be destroyed for his kindness and eredulity, As for the Herrings and Codd, that would be lost for want of Catching, and the Monasteries and Cloisters left destitude for want of provisions, it is a great fallacy. There would be no less fish taken if all strangers were obliged to pay the King a yearly tribute for an acknowledgement of that right, which the Laws of God, the laws of nature, and the laws of nations, appropriates to the King of great Brittaigne upon his own Coast: And it would not undervalue the price of Lands, or lessen the value of mutton beife or veal, if more Herrings, Codd, and ling, were Eaten in England, but rather increase the public Treasury, the rents of Lands, and the particular Estates of all trades men. And for encouragement to the Fishing trade at home, if Every Innkeeper Alehouse keeper, and vintner in England, should be obliged to buy a barrel of pickled Herrings once a year. The Hollanders do esteem every stranger, that comes to inhabit in their united Provinces to render unto the public yearly (viis et modis) 5. pound sterling at least, although he be of a mean Capacity, there being so many Excises/ Verpounding: Poll money, Chymdy money etc. That from every Burger who expends 150. pound per annum in his Family a third part of it goes to the States for public uses. And if the Fishing trade were ushered in again to the ancient sea port Towns of Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincoln, York and Northumherland, from whence the first Herring fishers carried it unto Anchusen in North-Holland, upon certain privileges granted them there (as may be seen both by the records in the Statehouse and Three Herrings given in an Eschutchen for the Arms of that City) It would multiply His Majesty's Subjects by draining other places to come where they might take the Fish freely near their own doors, and find as good, and as quick marketts from thence, as they do in Holland, Zealand, and Frizland, where they yield ready money into all parts, after the Fishermen return home from their trading voyages of the first herring season.  
Midsummer Herrings taken by the Hollanders upon the English and Scotch Coast, are so fat and delicate, that they are sold in all the 1●. Provinces and parts adjacent for 1. and 2. stivers a Herring. And in the later ●nd of the year towards L●nt, when the fat●nes is almost cousumed with the salt and pickle, those English Herrings are scalded in fresh water, and ●aten for great dainties with vinger, oil, and p●pper, in Harbours, Cloisters and other places. There are Herrings in great abundance upon the Coast of Holland, Danemarke, and Norrway, but very lean, and in the Zuyder-sea from Amsterdam, to the texel, they are taken in such quantities, that the poor people buy 40. and 50. for a stiver by the name of Pan-herrings, which are not fit for pickle, therefore the Hollanders run to the Coast of England, and Scotland, wh●re the Fishing, is more advantageous to the States, than the silver Mines in the West-Indies is to the King of Spain, or the spice trade to the East-India Company of the Netherlands. And the reasons are very plain, and obvious unto all intelligible men viz: First in regard of the great numbers of Handicrafts, and trades men that are employed and maintained by the Fisheries, which increaseth the public revenue with their infinite payments they make to the Pactors of wine, bear, etc. where 28. several excises are paid at the eating of an egg.  
Secondly from the great multitudes of seamen that are bred up by that employment, and made ●itt both for the service of Marchant-men, and men of war for the defence of their Country.  
Thirdly by the great traffic that is raised from the product of Herring and Codd-fish, which draws yearly 250000. pound Sterling in ready money from other parts into the United Provinces, besides the staple Commodities of those other ajacent Countries, so that the United Netherlands do multiply the ●●ock of their own Country yearly by those Fish, which they have for Catching from the English Coast, and runs into all their Cantores and Treasuries, and from thence out again to build their store houses, whar●es, Castles, sluices, Ships, Dikes, dambes, bridges etc. Wherefore it was high time as well to look into their strength, as into their ways of acquiring it. And to question them for their breach of league●, and treatyes, for fear of further assaults, and surprises.  
The only Argument that Cato the Elder used in the Senate of Rome for destroying the City of Carthage, was from a simillitude ●e used concerning 
●n ●●▪  green Figgs, that were growing in Carthage whit●in four days before, which he brought into the S●nate, when the ma●●er was in debate, from whence he ●●p●l●d▪ that it was not ●afe, to ●av● 〈◊〉 great, and ●●● dangerous a neighbour ●●● n●r●, t●at might surprise them, before th●y could ●● rea●h to defend themselves. Then reflecting upon the contracts and Covenants▪ ●●● often vyolated by Carthage. The old stomans' burnt and razed that City to the ground.  
But out of the Ashes of Carthage, there ●prunge up tho●e Pirates of Tunis 
●n ●●  and A●g●●rs, that have proved more troublesome unto all Europe then the Carthagiman● wer● grievous▪ to the old Romans. The Zelanders have followed their exemples, since the trade went from Midleburgh to Amsterdam, upon the loss of Sluice in ●landers, when the general Merchants that removed, could be no longer secure there, and the Merchant adventurers retired to Delf, then to Rotterdam, then to Dort, now no where, since their Charter is broken, and the English staple of Cloth, exposed to contempt that was once accounted the glory of England.  
As to the spice trade which the Hollanders have engrossed by secr●●t fraud, and open violence. The State's General cannot be so va●ne to believe, they shall enjoy it any longer than there may be an opportunity to take it from them again, notwithstanding they have strenghtned themselves in the East-Indies, not only to trade, but to fight there, which is a new way of Mar▪ handizing, that the English were not accustomed unto.  
Poltroon, Amboyna, and Jaccatra (now called Batavia) were all the p●ss●ssions of the English, and the spice trade, was by Covenants and contracts divided between the English and the Dutch Companies. The Ships Bona Esperanza, and Henery Bonadventura, belonged to Englishmen, and were taken from t●em in time of peace, by the East-India Company of the Nettherland? who have not yet given any satisfaction or reparation ●or the ●ame, or for the damages sustained by the loss of their voyages, but are left to the proper ●●emedies.  
The product of Fish and spice, have brought the Hollanders all things of the growth of other Countries. And by consequence thereof, they have not only brought down the price of English Tinn, and the staple goods of English Plantations, but have also lessened the value of all English woollen Manufactures, by their li●●y Woolesy, and Fastaine ●●uffes, wherewith they now do furnish the Boars, and Boarines, which formerly used to wear good English Cloth, and the better sort of ●●opell Apparel themselves with ●ilks, Mohaires, ●●amletts, and velvetts, purposely to discourage all English woollen Manufactures, and encourage their own, where they are cheaper wrought with pickle herrings and buttermilk, than they can be made in England with good beife and strong bear. The Hollanders now are resolved to give no more for a pound of English wool in the Cloth, stuff, or stockings, than they think it worth the working, or for English lead or oar, than they esteem the labour of digging, and smelting, and ●oe employ their Factors in England to buy it accordingly, Although they ●ell their nuttmegs cloves and mace, at their own prices, more than treble advantages, and their ●ine threads for 30. per cent profit and upwards.  
And because the Weavers▪ Spinners▪ ●nitters and other people in the Netherlands (whose necessity makes them sparing and laborious) should not stand still for want o● work▪ they are not only furnished from Scotland with wool upon sheep s●ins (cu● Privilegi●) but indirectly with English wool/ welsh and Irish woo●es in great quantities. And directly with Spanish wooles in English bottoms▪ and Cotton wool which is fallen from a noble to Ni●e pence as sugars etc. are si●c● Sur●●●●m was surrendered to the Zelanders And since the new England Ships with divers others d●tchified English men▪ are yearly freighted from ●ir●inea and Barbados that never arrives in old England/ but carried with side winds into ●olla●d and the East Countries whereby His Majesty is not only defrauded of his Custumes, ●nd his ●eam●n discouraged▪ but the goods undervalved which ought to he managed to greater advantages of the King and his Kingdoms.  
It is Convenient now to show you, when the house of Bourgundy became allied with the house of Austria. And Austria with Spain, ●s also their respective successions, & likewise the several successions in the Crowns of England, and France. And consequently when the Hollanders, and their confederated Provinces of the Union, revolted from Spain and Austria, and made themselves Sovereign States; And after some observations thereupon, give you a more particular answer to England's appeal. And so for this present year conclude.   

A brief description of the first Alliances between the Houses of Bourgundy, Austria, and Spain, with the several successions of Emperors, Kings of Spain, Kings of England, and France, since that Alliance.  
Philip Duke of Bourgundy the 30. Earl of Holland, Zealand etc. That first instituted the Order of the Golden F●…ce, died in the year 146●▪ leaving Charles his only son and heir, his Successor▪ who was s●aine at the battle of Nancy, and left Maria Duchess of Bourgundy his only Daughter & heir, that Married Maximilian Archduke of Austria, Sonn and heir, of Fredrick Emperor of Germany, by whom she had Philip her only son, that Married Jane the Daughter of Ferdinand and Jsabella, King and Queen of Arragon and Castille.  

Emperors of Germany.  Maximilian the first that Married Maria de Vallois, Duchess of Bourgundy, begun his reign Anno— 
1493  Charles the fifth Married Jsabella Daughter of Don Emanuel King of Portugal, and begun his reign Anno— 
1520  Ferdinand the first Married Anna Ulad●slai Daughter of the King of Hungary, and Bohem●a, begun his reign Anno▪ 
1558  Marua●llian the second Succeeded his Father, he Married Maria the Daughter of Charles the fifth his niece, and begun to reign Anno— 
1564  Rodolphus Succeeded his Father Maximilian, he died without Issue, and begun to reign Anno— 
1576  Mathias Succeeded his Brother Rodolphus, he Married Ann the Daughter of Ferdinando Archduke of Austria, and died without Issue, begun his reign Anno— 
1612  Ferdinando the second Succeeded his nephew Mathias, and Married Ellenor Sister to the Duke of Mantova, he begun his reign Anno— 
1619  Ferdinando the third Succeeded his Father, he Married first the Infanta of Spain, and secondly the Daughter of the Duke of Tuscany, begun his reign Anno— 
1656  Leopoldus the son of Ferdinando King of Hungary, was Married first to Margaret the Daughter of Philip the IV. King of Spain, and Secondly to the Duchess of Insprugh,▪ after she had unkindly treated the Duke of York,▪ begun his reign Anno— 
1658   

Kings of Spain.  Philip the first in the Right of Jane his wife, Daughter of Ferdinando and Jsabella King and Queen of Arragon and Caste●le, begun to reign Anno— 
1501  Charles the first Succeeded his Father Philip, and was also Elected Emperor of Germany by name of Charles the fifth, begun to reign Anno— 
1519  Philip the second Succeeded his Father Charles, and Married first Queen Marie of England, and afterward Elizebeth the Daughter of Henery the second, King of France, and begun his reign Anno— 
1556  Philip the third Succeeded his Father, and Married Anna the Daughter of Maximilian the II. Emperor of Germany, he begun his reign Anno— 
1598.  Philip the fourth Succeeded his Father, he Married Isabel the Daughter of Henery the IV. King of France, and after her decease Marie Anna the Daughter of Ferdinando the third, Emperor of Germany, begun his reign Anno— 
1621.  Charles the second Succeeded his Father Philip, who was begot of Marie Anna, began to reign Anno— 
1665   

Kings of France.  Lewis the XII. descended in a directt line from Charles the V. surnamed the Wise, Married Anna the Widow of Charles the VIII. and Daughter of the Duke of Brittaigne, begun to reign Anno— 
1499  Francis the first Succeeded, and began to reign— 
1516  Henery the second Succeeded his Father, he Married Catherine de Medecis Daughter of the Duke of Tuscany, begun to reign Anno— 
1547  Francis the second Succeeded his Father, he died without Issue, begun his reign Anno— 
1559  Charles the nineth Succeeded his Brother and died also without Issue, he begun to reign Anno— 
1560  Henery the third Succeeded his Brother, quitting the Kingdom of Poland, he Married Lovysa de Vaudamont and died without Issue, and with him Ended the race of the Vallois, he begun to reign Anno— 
1574  Henery de Bourbone Surnamed the IV. Succeeded. His first wife was Margaret de Vallois, for want of Issue by her he Married Maria de Medecis, Daughter of the Duke of Tuscany, he begun to reign Anno— 
1590.  Lewis the XIII. Succeeded his Father, he Married Anna the Daughter of Philip the III. King of Spain, begun to reign Anno 
1610  Lewis the XIV. Succeeded his Father, he Married Marie the Daughter of Philip the IV. King of Spain, by his first wife, that was the Daughter of Henery the IV. and Grand Father to the French King that now is, who begun to reign Anno— 
1643   

Kings and Queens of England.  Henery the seaventh followed Richard the third, whom he slew at the battle of Bosworth, being of the house of Lancastar, he Married Elizebeth, Eldest Daughter of King Edward the IV▪ descended from R. Plantagenet Duke of York, the first and next heir to the Crown, and thereby ended the Civil war between York and Lancaster, he begun his reign Anno 
1458  Henery the eight, Succeeded his Father, he had six wives, first, Katherine, Infanta of Spain, Widow of his brother Arthur, Mother of Queen Marie, second, Ann of Bulloyne Mother of Queen Elizebeth, third, Jane Se●mour Mother of King Edward the VI fourth, Ann of Cleef, fifth, Katharin Howard, sir, Katherine Parr, he begun to reign Anno— 
1509  Coward the sixth Succeeded his Father, who died without Issue, he begun his reign Anno— 
1546  Marie Succeeded her Brother, she Married Philip the second, King of Spain, and died without Issue, she begun to reign Anno— 
1553  Elizebeth Succeeded her Sister, and Married not, she began to reign Anno— 
1558  King James of Scotland▪ descended from a Daughter of Henery the VII.▪ Succeeded her. He Married Ann the Daughter of Fredrick the II. King of Denmark, he begun to reign over great Brittaigne Anno— 
1602  Charles the first Succeeded his Father King James, he Married the Daughter of Henery the fourth, King of France, and begun to reign Anno— 
1625  Charles the second Succeeded his Father, and Married Katherine the Daughter of John the fourth, King of Portugal, begun his reign Anno— 
1648    

WHEN the Hollanders in the year 15●2. first took up Arms under the Conduct of William of Nassaw Prince of Orange, for defence of themselves and their liberties against Philip the second, King of Spain, who sent the Inquisition into the Netherlands. The States of the seven United Provinces, continued Nine years in open war, before they absolutely renounced the King and his Government. The Prince of Orange being murdered at Delfe in the year 1584. Prince Maurice his son succeeded him at 18. year old, than the States of Holland, with the United Provinces, offered the Sovereignty of their Countries unto Henery the third, King of France, upon any conditions he pleased to accept them, who refused to be troubled with those people or their Country. Then the States of the Union, made their humble addresses and applications to Queen Elizebeth (who had used her mediation to the King of Spain for a reconciliation without effect) offering the Sovereignty of their Countries likewise unto her Majesty, who also refused the same, but in the year 1585. took upon her the protection of them and their Provinces. The Zelanders in that Juncture gave their medals in Gold and silver with these in●criptions, Luctor, et Emergo. On the one side, and Deo favente Regina, on the other. Whose protection. The Queen▪ continued for 17. years in open defiance of Spain, and the House of Austria; And then died.  
IT is observed, when the Hollanders were upon Framing their Government, they continued many months in Consultation, whither to settle the Roman Catholic Religion, or the Reformed Religion would be most for their profit and advantage, at last they concluded that the Reformed Religion, would most consist with their Religious concerment●, in procuring aid and assistance from other Princes and States against Spain. And that a toleration of all other Religions would most increase their Common wealth: So it was indifferent to the Hollanders, which Religion to Chose, they took their measure of Religion by their interest. Then the Jews that were banished out of Portugal, Itally and Spain, (for denying Christ and his Doctrine) the ancient Merchants of the world, were joyfully received at Amsterdam. The Roman Catholics, the Lutherans, the Arminians, and people of all other persuasions, had the like free entertainment in Amsterdam, and the other Cities, and Towns in the United Provinces, but the Reformed Hollanders (whose Godliness is their greatest gain) overeached them all.  
It's also observed that the Hollanders never atempted any thing of foreign Commerce considerable, until the Jews and other Nations amongst them, first projected their East- and West-India trade, they were content before their Reformation with the traffic they could raise upon saltfish, butter, cheese, and linen weaving. King James had nicked them in the beginning of his reign, if their party in England had not strongly opposed it. And to the shame of the English Congregation● in the Netherlands be it spoken, The King of great Brittaigne hath not greater enemies in the world then are planted in those assemblies, Notwithstanding the affront and indignity that the Magistrates of Midleburgh have shown to English men in appointing them such a convenient place for their Church (in that City) being part of the house were the Idiot's fools and made men are kept, however the States do pay the Minister in regard those preachers, are obliged to uphold the Doctrine of the Netherlands▪ and the members of the Congregations do all contribute much more to the public charge by excises etc. then the Dutchmen do in England where they pay their own Ministers themselves. I shall amongst the number of the selected members, that were admitted into the English Congregations, in Holland and Zealand, mention only two Families. Mr. jacob Pergens of Amsterdam, and his Family being one, and Mr. Peter Boudaen of Midleburgh in Zealand and his Family the other. Mr. Pergens was borne at Cologne in Germany, afterwards he inhabited in the City of London, and was made a free Denizon of England, in the beginning of the late King Charles his reign, than he transported himself to Amsterdam, where he was made a Director of the West-India Company, and so remains to this time. Mr. Boudaen was borne at Antwerp, who lived also in London, as a Factor, and was likewise made a free Denizon of England, than he transported himself unto Midleburgh aforesaid, where he was made an Elder of the English Church, and a Director of the East-India Company, unto which office, his son Peter Boudaen after his Father's decease, was chosen, and john Bo●daen his Brother a Scheepen, who follows the Capers employment, and the steps of Mr. Pergens and their Ancestors, whose practices and unjust dealings, are briefly set forth in the several Cases hereunto annexed. Wilful fraud, and forgery in private Persons, is punished with death, both in France and the Spanish Netherlands. 
An 51.  But where it his found in Ministers of Civil Justice, the very Pagans exposed th●m to the most Exquisite tortures, and ignominious deaths. How far the Civil Magistrates of Holland and Zealand are guilty of fraud, and oppression, time will show.  
Wherefore I have made a perfect Cattalogue of the several, and respective Lords, and Magistrates in the Government of Amsterdam, and Midleburgh, with a description of their respective Offices, and places in the several Judicatures for this present year (16●3.) being a true pattern of all the rest of the Sovereign Cities, and Towns, in Holland, and Zealand, which have their several and respective Privileges, whereby may be seen, the Frame and model of their independent structures, and goodly Common weath, and how Geometrically every thing hangs together, yet those Soveraignities, do not agree well amongst themselves. Amsterdam is against Leyden, and Leyden against Harlem, Rotterdam against Del●e, and Del●e against Dort, etc. Yea likewise the Imperial Provinces, do not well accord one with another, Holland is against Zealand, and Frizland, against Holland, and all the rest against those three Marritine Provinces.   

Magistrates of Amsterdam Anno 1673. Governing.  

Burgermasters.  JOhannes H●dde. These are Elected every year Dr. Gillis Valckenier. Cornelis Geelvinck, here van Castricum. on Candlemas day 2. of Febr. Johan Huydekooper, here van Ma●seveen.  

Scheepenen.  Cornelis Backer. Johan Appelman. Mr. Johan Corver. Nicolas Witsen. Hendrick Roeters.  Leonard Ranst. Aegidi●s Santin. Jacob ●ad Neck. Jocobsz. Hendrick Becker.  

Drotescape s●aden or Common Council these are relected for life.  Dr. Nicolas Tulp. Mr. Johan Corver. Barnard Schellinger. Cornelis Graeflandt. Mr. Johan Rendorp. Johannes Hudde. Nicolas Pancras. Mr. Vincent van Bronckhorst Jacob van Neck. Dr. Johan ten Grotenhuys. Cornelis Geelvinck. Mr. Jacob Borreel. Dr. Gillis Valckenier. Leonard Ranst. Cornelis van Vlooswyck. Mr. Nicolas Witsen. Nicolas van Loon. Mr. Nicolas Roch. Dr. Roelent Ernst. Lovys Trip. Gerraert Hasselaer. Nicolas Opmeer. Mr. Hendrick Hoo●t. Coenraet Klinck. Cornelis de Vlaminck, van Outs-H●orn. Johan Appelman.  Isaac Commelyn. Jacob Jacobsz Hinloopen. Michiel Tielens. Cornelis Backer. Hendrick Becker. Mr. Coenraet van Beuningen. Dierick Blom. Mr. Johan Huydekoper. Aegidius Blom. Jacob van Neck Jacobsz▪   

Bewinthebbers or Directors of the East-India Company elected for life.  Johan Munter, Burgermaster. Cornelis Gravelandt, S●hepen. Daniel Bernard's. Mr. Johan Huydekoper, Burgermaster. Johan Hulst, Schepen.  Nicolas vande Cappelle, Schepen. Mr. Lambert Reynst, Idem. Jeronymus de Haes. Cornelis van Vlooswijck, Idem. Dierick Tulp, Schepen. Hendrick Brauwer of Leyden. Pieter van Loon. Nicolas Pancras, Burgermaster. Dr. Gillis Valckenier, Burgermaster. Hendrick Scholten.  Isaac Hochepiet, junior. Cornelis Backer, Schepen. Cornelis Silvius. Pieter de Graef. Hendrick Becker. Mr. Pieter van Dam, their Advocate.  

Bewinthebbers or Directors of the West-India Company elected for life.  Jacob Pergens. Johan van Erpecum. Johan Rijckaerts. Nicolas van Beeck. Dierick Spiegel, Schepen. Mr. Arnout Hoost, Schepen. Hans Bontemantel, Schepen. Isaac van Heuvel. Mr. Cornelis Kloeck, Schepen. Mr. Pieter Schaep, Schepen. Mr. Michiel ten Hove, their Advocate.   

Burgemasters, Schepenen and Raden elected in Midleburgh the last of july 1673. to serve for the following year.  

Burgermasters.  
Mr. Willem Brauwer.  
Mr. Christiaen Thibault.   
Schepenen or Judges. ●aden or Common Council. Mr. Gillis Munninex. johan Schorer. johan le Sage. johan Lampsen. Mr. jacobus Pec●ius. Mr. Fredrick Huyssen. Mr. joris Breast. johan Boudaen. Benjamin Rawle. Mr. Pieter Duvelaer. Mr. Gualterus vander Poort. Isaac Vervaecq. Mr. Samson de Keyser. johan Blondel. Mr. johan Honinck. Mr. johan Becker. Steven Voet. Dr. Gelenus Tresel. Laurens Willemsz Verpoorten. Mr. johan vande Poele. Mr. johan Petri vanden Brande. Dr. Anthom Everaer●s.  Mr. Aegidius Malliaert. Mr. Arnout vanden Helm, Pensionaris.  

Lords of the Admirallity in Zealand.  
Reynier vander Beke, of Midleburgh.  
Cornelis Pous, of Sirickzee.  
N. Eversdijck, of Tergoes.  
Bonifacius Vryberghen, of Terto●n.  
G. Inghels, of Flushing.  
Pieter Munninex, of Terveer.  
Van Beveren, of Dort.  
Borst van Waveren, of Amsterdam.  
Panhuysen, of Uytrecht.  
Daniel Fannius, Fisead.  
johan Steengracht, Secretary.  


Memorandum.  
That in all Admiralties there are 3. Lords of other Provinces joined.     

Directors of the East-India Company for Zealand, are 12. elected, to serve for their lives, and have stipends with other perquisites, worth respectively to every man, 300. pound Sterling par annum.  
johan le Sage, Burgermaster.  
Gillis Mun●nex, Burgermaster.  
Alexander de Munck.  
Pieter Boudaen.  
Arnout vanden Helm, Pensionaris or Recorder of Midleburgh.  
David van Reyghensberghe.  
Willem de Nastauw, H●●r● van Odij●k, Premier Noble.  
Willem Brauwer, Burgermaster.  
Daniel Fannius, Fis●●● of the Admirallity.  
jacob van Hooren, Burgermasters. of Flishing.  
Apollinius Ingels, Burgermasters. of Flishing.  
Cornelis Kien, of Terveer.   

Directors of the West-India Company for Zealand.  


van Midleburgh.  
Johan vande Poele.  
Johan Lampsen.  
Johan Rodemaecker.  
Johan Ronberghe.    


van Vlissiaghen.  
De Heer van Hecke.  
De Heer van Peeren.    


van Tervere.  
De Heer Lendert Tyssen.    


van ter-Tolen.  
De Heer Johan Gripskercke.    


Den Advocaet vande company.  
De Heer vander Heyde.    


Memorandum.  
That the Magistrates of Midleburgh and Flushing, will not trust any of their moneys, upon the securities of lands, houses, or Comptores in Zealand, for fear of the Common people, who they have betrayed into the war, but remit the greatest parts of their Estates, to London, Amsterdam, and Antwerp, where they find trusteefor the same, to employ their moneys, at interst Mr. Daniel Fannius, & G. Engels, have gotten 15,000. pound sterling by this war, & the last, Mr. Engels upon the his late marriage before the war gave the account of his Estate to be 4000 pound sterling, now it's valued at 80000. pound as by his rates in Assessments & taxes appears. They, & the Bouda●ns are the Chief parchasours, in surrinam, and have many considerable plantations there.      

THe Burgermasters of the Cities, in their several Jurisdictions, account themselves Sovereigns. The Pensionaris, is the Recorder. The Schepen, are the Judges, who with the Burgermasters do hear, and determine all causes both Civil, and Criminal; The Raden are the Common Council. Out of whom, and the College of the Riders●hape, which is their gentry, or Nobility, that have one voice in the 19 The Deputies are chosen, which they send to their Assemblies of the States of Holland, who levys money, upon extraordinary Cases, from their respective Provinces. The Deputies sent to the State's General, are chosen out of the same people, who are only stipendaries of the Provinces, and do no Acts of state, but by the directions and consent of their respective Sovereigns, which they serve. The Lords of the Admiralty, who are the Judges of all Sea affairs, and from whom there is no appeal, but to the State's General, are likewise selected out of those Magistrates and people. The Gecomitteerde ●aden or Council of the States of Holland▪ who continue at the Hague all the year, and act according to their instructions, as a Court of Judicature in all Cases concerning the public revenues, and deal in matters concerning the Militia, and payments of money, as also for bringing in the several repartitions, allotted upon the respective Cities, and divisions, towards the public charge of the Country, are also chosen out of these and such like worthy members.  
The Provincial Court of Judicature of Holland and West-Frizland, which consist of a certain number, are also elected out of the Common Counsels etc. And sent from the respective Cities, and continues all the year at the Hague (excepting the times of their vacations) unto whom appeals are made from the Scheepen, or Competent Judges of the Cities. Then after a tedious time of trouble, and Expense, if Sentences be Irregulary given by the Provincial Court (as very often times they are) Appeals are made from them unto the Hoghen ●aedt, or Supreme Court of Judicature at the Hague, who are likewise chosen, out of the Persons aforesaid, and sent from the respective Cities to the Hague, who also remains constantly there, and have an influence one upon the other, being of the same principals against all Foreigners. Then after their Sentences definitive, if the Plaintiffs, or defendants, have not expended all their patience, money, and credit. They may have revisions of their lamentable Cases (upon security for Costs) to some part of the Supreme Court of Judicature, and 3. or 4. of the Deputies of the State's General, who are, fae similes, and Governed by the people. And after all this time spent, and oppressions laid upon strangers, if they should complain to their respective Princes, or their Ambassadors abroad, or Ministers of State at home; The Hollanders impudently reply, that they are Sovereign States, and who shall be Competent judges, in Civil Actions, between them and other Sovereigns, or the Subjects of both, in such Cases, but some neutral Prince, which cannot be found, that will intermeddle with such a perverse, and wicked generation, as the Holland Sovereigns are, being so tedious in their resolutions, so tumultuous in their practices, and so uncertain in all their treaties, and contracts, that no Prince can have any due ` Performance of agreements, from so many Sovereigns & Soveraignities, without a real caution given by the Generality, that might be a cheque upon them, both by sea, and land, which may be obtained in this Juncture by the King of great Brittaigne to all intents and purposes. Where the Sovereignty, is in the Common people, there is no sense of 
An▪ 52▪  Honour or honesty. And where Roberies, and spoils, have been often committed, at noon day, there cannot be any security, without greater Caution.  
The Personal Security, of those Sovereign Provinces, and of the Sovereign Cities, are of little value, since the Lords of Midleburgh (who have got so much by privatering) that were all obliged to make good their Bank of Lending, or Lombard, cannott be made liable to answer, the poor orphans, Widows, and others, whose moneys are drawn by those Magistrates out to the value of many hundred thousand pounds Sterling, and now the Lombard is become Bankrupt, the poor people, and Creditors, are ready to perish for want. And the Bank of Amsterdam is not infallible, where so many bills of exchange are paid, with paper ticketts, there being not half so much money in specie, as the Bank, hath taken in upon Credit.  
There is no reason that the King of great Brittaigne should take the word of those States, who cannott (as they are Soveraigues) prevail with any of their own Subjects, to trust them with 100 pound in money or goods, to be paid by the public, although they would give their obligations for it, unless they would oblige themselves as private persons, whose Estates are visible in actions, as Directors, or Participants, of the East- and West-India Companies; That are so unwilling to part with any thing to Strangers, upon any terms whatsoever, which they have gotten into their hands, and possessions, by unrightuousnes, as appears by the three several Cases following. Yet neverthclcss, the Appealants to the Parliament say. It is the interest of great Brittaigne, to support the Hollanders and their Government.   

The Continuation of the Case between Sir William Courten, his Heirs and Assigns, AND The East-India Company of the Netherlands, concerning the Ships Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonaventura▪ to the 23. of Decemb. 1673.  
With some Considerations annexed, and Octjections answered.  
SIR William Courten late of London Marehant, Endymion Porter, Esquire, John Weddal, Nathaniel Mountney, George Townesend, Thomas Kynaston, Merchants, and divers others Participants with them, set forth several great Ships, laden with money and Marchandizes, for the Coast of India, China and Japan, in the year 1636. 1637. and following years, for trading voyages, persuant to their Letters Patents under the great Seal of England.  
After the death of Sir William Courten, William Courten his Son and Heir, and the surviving Partners, set forth the said Ships Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura (inter alia) in the year 1641. forsupply of their Factories, and to bring home their Effects from India and Parts adjacent.  
Afterwards William Courten, being indebted to divers Persons, in several great sums of Money, amounting unto 100000. Pounds and upwards, for which Sir Edward Littleton, his Brother in Law, stood obliged; The said William Courten did by his indenture and Bill of sale, dated the 26. day of April 1642. grant, and assign, all his Interest, and share of stock, in the said Ships and Factories in India, to Sir Edward Littleton, for his indemnity from the said debts, provided the surplus should be returned to the said Courten.  
Afterwards William Courten, and Sir Edward Littleton, reciting the first Bill of sale, and a great debt of 24800. Pounds due to Sir Paul Pindar, they grant and assign unto Sir Paul, all their Interest & share of stock, in the Ships Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura, with all Freights, proceeds by a tripartite Indenture, and Bill of Sale, dated the 19 of December 1642. Provided that the surplus, should be applied towards the discharge of Sir Echrard Luttuten's engagements.  
On the 25. of June in the year 1643. the said Ship Bona Esperanza with her lading, was taken in an hestile manner, in the straits of Mallacca, in her passage from Goa towards Maccao in China, by two Ships of war called the Vendilo and Portugallo, commanded by Captain Vermerren and Captain Gecland (and the Lieutenant of the Fort at Mallacca belonging to the East-India Company of the Netherlands, under a pretence that Mr. Courten and his Partners, traded with the portugals their Enemies, not withstanding there was a Truce made between the King of Portugal, and the State's General, for ten years in all parts of the Indies and Europe, which was concluded at the Hague on the 12. of June 1641. by Don T●●●●● de Mendoca Furtado, Ambassador from Don John King of Portugal.  
In the same year 1642. the Officers of the said East-India Company took the Ship Henry Benadventura with her lading into their possession, near the Island Mauritius, and converted both the Ships and Goods to their own use, to the loss and damage of Mr. Courten and his Assigns, and the rest of the Partners, the sum of 85000. Pounds Sterling, as by the proofs taken in the High Court of Admirallity in England appears.  
On the 5. of September 1644, the Proprietors having addressed themselves to the High Court of Admirallity, and procured an Admonition to be given unto Monsr. Albertus' Joachimy, the State's Ambassador then resident in England, Intimating that they intended to examine Witnesses, ●● perpetuam rei meinortam, concerning the spoils and damages of the said Ships and lading; Which Admonition was also affixed upon one of the Pillars of the Royal Exchange, where it remained eight days publicly, to the end that the East-India Company of the Netherlands, or any Person for them, might retain a Proctor to cross examine any of the said Witnesses, if they pleased.  
In the year 1647. Sir Paul Pinder makes a Procuration or Letter of attorney to Ionas Abeels of Amsterdam Merchant, dated the 11. of Feb. 1647. old ●●●le, and also sent him an authentic Copy of the said tripartite indenture, attested by josua Mamet of London Publicq Notary.  
In the year following William Courten being insolvent by reason of other losses, absented himself and went privately to the Hague to Mr. jacob Pergens, who was not ignorant of the Premises in every circumstance, having received the particulars of the damages amounting unto 85000. Pound, yet nevertheless to imbroil the Subjects of both Nations, he persuaded Mr. Courten to make another Bill of sale dated the 22. of February 1648. reciting therein that Mr. Courten being indebted to Mr. Pergens in several sums of money, he granted and assigned all his right and interest in the said Ships and lading to him the said Pergens, Provided that Pergens should pay the surplus over and above his pretended debt to such person and persons lawful claiming under Courten, which bill of sale was signed by William Courten and jacob Pergens, and attested by Domini●●ue Coulyn, David Goubard, and Solomon vander Heyde publicq Notary in the Hague.  
In the month of May following, Gerrit Coren, Publicq Notary at Amsterdam by order of jonas Abeels, insinuated his Procuration from Sir Paul Pindar, and the Original bill of sale from William Courten and Sir Echrard Littleton, to the Directors of the East-India Company, interdicting their payment of any money for Courtens share, and stock in the Ships and lading aforesaid, to any person or persons whatsoever, but unto the said jonas Abeels, in right of Sir Paul Pyndar, protesting that if they did other wise, it should be no discharge unto them; which insinuation and Protest was done by the said Notary Publicq, on the 25. of May 1648. in the Assembly of the said Directors at their Chamber in Amsterdam, in the presence of jan jansen and Adrian Nys witnesses thereunto.  
In the Month of October following, jonas Abeels caused to be arrested in the hands of the said East-India Company, all such sums of money, as should be found due from the said Company concerning the said two Ships and their lading, that out of the said moneys, Sir Paul Pindar share, and proportion should be paid in the first place, to him the said jonas Abeels in his quality; which Arrest was made the first of October 1648. by Goosen daniel's, Bode or Messenger; And a second Arrest was made by Willem jansen, Bode or Messenger, in November following both which the Court declared to be valid.  
Notwithstanding all these Admonitions and proceedings, the Directors of the East-India Company at their Chamber in Midleburgh on the 18. of September 1649. made an underhand agreement with the said jacob Pergens for ●5000. gilders, upon Caution given by the said jacob Pergens and Peter Boudaen of Midleburgh Merchant, to save the said Company harmless and indemnified from Sir Paul Pindar, and others concerning the said money, or any after claims.  
jonas Abeels on the 1●. of May 1650. understanding of the underhand agreement at Midleburgh, summons the Directors of th'East-India Company before the Magistrates of Amsterdam, and declares against them that they should be condemned to pay the 85000. gilders to him in right of Sir Paul Pindar with damages for the same until, effectual payment.  
Then the Directors of th'East-India Company, summoned jacob Pergens, and Peter Boudaen, on the 13. of September 1650. to indempnify them from Sir Paul Pindar, for the said money, and free them of all Costs accordingly, as by the Acts of the Court appears. In the same year 1650. Sir Paul Pindar died, and soon after jonas Abeels died also So the right of Action remained in statuquo.  
In the year 1654. William Tons, Executor of Sir Paul Pindar, and several of the Proprietors and Adventurers, exhibited their claim for the Original loss and damages of 85000. Pound Sterling, before the English and Dutch Commissioners at London, appointed by the Treaty made between Oliver Cromwell and the State's General, which by proviso in the said Treaty was referred to the Protestant Cantons of Switserland, if the said Commissioners did not compose the same with in three months.  
Afterwards the Proprietors, and Adventurers, applied themselves to Mr. Secretary Thunder, for a Commission to be directed to the Protestant Cantons, who answered that most of the Proprietors, being Delinquents, by Act of Parliament, for adhering to the late King, whereby they had forfeited their Estates, they could not expect any protection from his Highness Oliver Cromwell, therefore persuaded them to desist from any further Prosecution (protempore.)  
In the year 1660. upon His Majesty's most happy restauration, several of the Proprietors and adventurers, on the behalf of themselves, & the rest of the Interested, made their address to Sir Edward Nicholas, Principal Secretary of State, to move His Majesty to recommend their case, concerning the Ships Bona Esperanza, and Henery Bonadventura, to the State's General for satisfaction and reparation.  
Whereupon Sir Edward Nicholas having informed the King, the true state of the case, and also intimated to His Majesty what great services and sufferings Sir William Courton and Sir Paul Pindar, had undergone for the Crown of England, both in the time of King james, and the late King, as also of the particular sufferings of Sir Edward Littleton, and several of the other Proprietors, His Majesty was graciously pleased to direct his Letter under his sign Manual, to the State's General, signifying that the said spoils and damages being committed against the Laws of common Amity, upon his Subjects, who had merited so much from the Crown, he Earnestly required the State's General to make satisfaction to the Persons interessed and injured, according to the proofs made in his high Court of Admirallity, signifying also that he was obliged in Justice and Honour to see it effected accordingly.  
In persuance of which Letter, and several Orders of the Council-table for Instructions to Sir George Downing, who was then Envove Extraordinary for His Majesty at the Hague, divers Memorials, Answers and Replies, passed between him and the State's General, in the year 1662. concerning the said spoils and damages of those Ships Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura, wherein the State's General denied not the matter of fact, but would have Evavaded any other satisfaction to the Proprietors and Participants, than what the East-India Company by Combination, had given to jacob Pergens upon his fraudulent practice as aforesaid.  
In the year 1662. the States General having instructed Mr. Simon van Hoorn, and Mr. Michiel van Gogh their Ambassadors in England, to get the said spoils and depredations concerning the said Ships to be mortified, and Extinguished in the Treaty then depending at Whitchall, his Majesty declared he would break of the said treaty, unless satisfaction and reparation should be made for the said Ships, according to the said Letter of recommendation, to the State's General at the Hague as aforesaid.  
Whereupon there was a particular Erception in the 15. Article of the said Treaty concluded at Whitchall the 4. of September 1662. that the damages concerning those two Ships, Bena Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura should not be comprehended in the Extinguishment and mortification of former losses and injuries in the East-Indies, but reserved for reparation according to his Majesty's Letters of Recommendation as aforesaid, and Expressed in these words poterint litem inceptam prosiqui etc. which agreement was also attested under the Hands and Seals of the late Duke of Albermarle, the Earl of Manchester, the Lord Hollis, the Lord Bartlet, Sir George Carteret, Sir Edward Nicholas, and Sir William Morice, Commissioners that Treated with the States Ambassadors.  
In the year following Sir George Downing in persuance of the said Treaty, held a Conference with the Pentionaris john de Wit and the Deputies of the State's General, in the presence of Mr. Peter van Dam, and two of the Directors of the East-India Company, in the Chamber of the State's General, to adjust the said damages, But in stead thereof the Company made several impertinent constructions, upon the Law of England, in the Case of Sir Paul Pindar and Sir Edward Littleton; Notwithstanding the said Company had the Opinions by them, under the hands of Sir John Glynn, Sir John Maynard, Sir Edward Turner and Master Serjeant Baldwyn, affirming that William Courten had nothing in him to grant to jacob Pergens, after the Bills of Sale to Littleton and Pindar, which made them absolute Proprietors by the Law of England; Only there was a possibility left in Courten, call them to Account, after their debt should be paid, which opinions were also confirmed by Sir G●●●s S●●●t, Sir William Turner, Sir Walter Walker, and Sir Timothy Baldwyn, Doctors of the Civil Laws, and, delivered to Mr. Peter van Dam the Advocate of the East-India Company.  
Then John de Wit offered 30000. Pound sterling upon Account of all the Proprietors and persons interessed, reserving the Civil right of Action against jacob Pergens and Peter Boudaen, for the 85000. gilders paid upon their caution as aforesaid, which offer was not satisfactory, so the General dispute remained also in stato quo.  
Afterwards Sir George Downing, did by his last Memorial upon that Subject, dated the 14. of October 1664. give the State's General a peremptory day to clear that business, intimating therein how ill the King resented it to be so slighted, and that His Majesty would not prostitute his Honour any further, but Govern himself accordingly, yet all proved ineffectual.  
Then the Proprietors with others, addressed themselves with a list of damages to the House of Commons in Parliament. The Bona E●peranza and Hen●ry Bonadventura being placed in the front of all demands, whereupon the Commons voted to assist his Majesty, with their lives and fortunes in acquiring satisfaction and reparation, (And soon after a declaration for General Reprisalls, was ordered by the King and Council against the State's General and their Subjects) And several millions of Pounds Sterling, were granted to his Majesty in Parliament for the prosecution thereof.  
In the year following; The Earl of Shrewsbur●, Sir johan Wolstenholme, Sir john Ayton, George Carew, and William L●●yd Esquires, and others Interessed, made application to his Majesty by petition for Especial Letters of reprisal to remain in force against the State's General and their Subjects, until the Original loss and damages, concerning the Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura, should be reprised, which was referred to the Judge of the Admirallity and his Majesty's Advocates General, and several other Doctors of the Civil Law, to Examine the whole matter, and to report their opinion, what was fit for His Majesty to do further for his Subject's relief in that Case.  
After several Consulations, and debates, had between the said referees concerning the premises, Doctor Exton then Judge of the Admirallity Court, Sir Robert Wiseman, Sir William Turner, and Sir Timothy Baldwyn, made their report to his Majesty, that in this case of spoils, there was no remedy, left but Especial reprisals to continue in force against the State's General, and their Subjects until the debt and damages (which they sound upon the proo●es to arise unto the sum of 151● 12. pound sterling should be recovered with Costs, or a Composition made for the same, between the East-India Company of the Netherlands, and the parties interessed, whereof the said Company, were obliged by the Law of Nations to take notice thereof.  
In persuance thereof, Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England dated the 19 of May 1665. were granted unto Sir Edmond Turnor, and Mr. George Carew (Administrator of Sir Paul Pindar their Executors Administrators and Assigns, on behalf of themselves and all the Interessed, to continue in force accordingly, With this Especial clause and Proviso therein contained, that notwithstanding it should happen that a p●ace and agreement should be made between His Majesty, and the State's General▪ for the General Reprisalls, Yet is should be lawful for the said, Turnor and Carew, and their Executors and A●●gn●s, to put the said Letters Patents in Execution for Especial reprisals, from time to time, until they had recovered the said debt of 151612. pounds with all 〈…〉 Charges, or that the East-India Company of the Netherlands, should Compound with the Proprietors, and other persons Interessed in the same.  
In the year 1666. Mr. james Boeué delivered a Copy of the said Letters Patents to Mr. Peter van Dam, at the East-India Chamber at Amsterdam, and requested him, to move the said Company, to compose the said debt and damages, in an Amicable way, rather than to leave it in dispute from Generation to Generation, to the prejudice of the State's General and their Subjects.  
In the year 1667. during the Treaty at Breda, the State's General having surprised the King's Ships at Chattam, several of the Proprietors friends in the Hague, moved the Pentionaris john de Wit, to incite the States of Holland, and the East-India Company, to give some Honourable satisfaction, for the Ships Bona Esperanza, and Henery Bonadventura (which had been so solemnly debated in former Treaties) being more for the Interest of their Country, then to insist upon such scandulous Articles, as they had framed, and sent to Breda, concerning the said damages, which could not extinguish the debt, or make void the Letters Patents, to Turnor and Carew, any more than to disannul the 35. Article of the State's Patent to the East-India Company of the Netherlands, whereby they make peace and war, with all Princes and States whatsoever at their pleasure from the Cape Bona Esperanza, to the straits of Magelanus, Yet john de Wit and his Complices, persisted in their projects, and would not hearken to any other advice.  
In the year 16-1. the State's General having made several Breaches of the Treaty at Breda, and denied Common Justice to his Majesty's Subjects in their ordinary Courts of Judicature, in Holland and Zealand, several of the Proprietors, and Interessed Persons in the sa●d debt and damages, made fresh applications to his Majest●e by petition, and prayed that his Majesty would please to insist upon reparation and satisfaction, in an Extraordinary way according to the merits of their causes, and Especially for the debt of 151612 pound ascertained under the Great Seal of England as afore●●●d, wh●ch said petition was by order of Council, referred to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury and the two principal Secretaries of State, who made a report to His Majesty. That the State's General 〈…〉 been refractory in several Articles of the Treaty at Breda, his Maj●st● and his Subjects, were at liberty both in Justice and Equity, to require full satisfaction and reparation in Mr. Courtens Case, notwithstanding the said Treaty at Breda.  
In persuance thereof his Majesty was graciously pleased on the 7. of July 1672. to recommend the debt of 151612. pound with damages, by his Letter under his sign Manual, sent by the said George Carew, to his Grace George Duke of Buckingham, and the Right Honourable Henery Earl of Arlington, his Majesty's Plenipotentiaries, and Ambassadors Extraordinary to the French King, and the State's General, then upon a Treaty at Uytrecht, requiring the said Plenipotentiaries, to insist upon satisfaction accordingly; declaring therein his care to protect his Subjects, in their Just rights, as well, as to assist them in the recovery thereof. But the said Treaty taking no effect, the said Plenipotentiaries removed from Uytrecht before Mr. Carew arrived at Amsterdam. Then Mr. Carew returning for England in Company with Mr. John Sherland, the fiscal General, by order of the States of Holland, Committed them both to Prison, on the 6. of August 1672. as criminals upon pretence, they were Enemies to the Country, and Charged Mr. Carew, as a seditious person in seeking after Justice in the premises, and detained them both close prisoners, in the gevangen port, where they are subject to many affronts and reproaches, upon every rencontre, and Alarm in the Country, and also obstructed in the Just prosecution of the debt and damages aforesaid, which is by an Especial order of the Council board dated at Whitehall the 2. of May 1673. recommed to the Lords Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Plenipotentiaries at Cologne, intimating therein, that the case of the Adventurers, and Creditors of Sir William Courten being already fully stated should be first insisted upon, in the list of all Complaints, wherefore the Letters Patents were exemplified, and sent to Cologne accordingly, a true Copy hereafter follows.   

A Copy of the Letters Patents for Especial reprisals (from the King of Great Britain, under the Great Seal of England) against the State's General and their Subjects, Inroled in Chancery Anno 1665.  
CHARLES' the Second by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France Ireland King, Defendor of the Faith etc. To all Christian People to whom these presents shall come, Greeting: Whereas our loving Subject, William Courten Esquire deceased, and his Partners anno 1643. by the depredation and hostile act of one Geland, Commander in chief of two Ships belonging to the East-India Company of the Netherlands, was between Goa & Maccao, in the straits of Mallacca, deprived and most injuriously spoiled of a certain Ship named the Bona Esperanza, and of her Takle, Apparel, and Furniture, and all Goods and Lading in her, upon a very hopeful trading Voyage to China, which were carried to Batavia, and there all, de facto without due Process of Law confiscated; And that also in the same year another laden Ship of Our said Subject, called the Henery Bonadventura, being come on ground, ne'er the Island Mauritius, was there both Ship and Goods seized upon, by some of the Officers, and Ministers, and others under the command of the said East-India Company, and utterly detained from the right Owners. And whereas the said William Courten and his Assigns in his life time used all possible endeavours to recover the said Ships and Goods, and to procure further Justice against the Malefactors, and yet could obtain no restitution, or satisfaction, whereby they became to be much distressed, and utterley undone in their Estate and Credit: And that thereupon, and upon the most humble supplication and Addresses of Francis Earl of Shrewsbury, and William Courten Esquire, Son and Heir of the said Sir William deceased, Sir John Ayton, Sir Edmond Turnor Knights, George Carew, and Charles Whittaker Esquires, on the behalf themselves and divers others interessed in the said two Ships, Bona Esperanza and Henery Bonadventura, and in the Estates of the said Sir William Courten deceased, Sir Edward Littleton Baronet, and Sir Paul Pindar Knight deceased, that We would take their Case into Our Princely consideration. We out of a just sense We then had, and still have of their unjust sufferings in that business, both by Our own Letters under Our sign Manual to the State's General of the United Provinces, & by Sir George Downing Knight and Baronet, Our Envoy Extraordinary, to whom We gave Especially command so to do, required satisfaction to be made according to the Rules of Justice, and the Amity and good correspondence, which We then desired to conserve with them firm, and inviolable. And whereas after several Addresses made to the said States General by Our said Envoy, and nothing granted effectual for relief of Our said Subjects, (whom We take Ourselves in Honour and Justice concerned to be satisfied and repaid) We lately commanded the said Sir George Downing to intimate and signify to the said States, that We expected their final Answer, concerning satisfaction to be made for the Ships and Goods, by a time then prefixed and since elapsed, that We might so govern ourselves thereupon, that Our aforesaid Subjects might be relieved according to Right and Justice; And yet no satisfactory Answer hath been given, so that We cannot but apprehend it to be, not only a fruitless endeavour, but a prostituting of Our honour, and dignity, to make further Application, after so many denials and slight. And whereas john Exton Doctor of Laws, Judge of Our High Admiralty Court of England, upon Our Command, to certify to Us the value, and losses, and damages, sustained by the said William Courten, and Partners whose Interest is now vested in Our loving Subjects Sr. Edmond Turnor Knight, & George Carew Esquire, and Partners, hath upon full Examination and proofs thereof made by witnesses in Our High Court of Admiralty, reported & certified under his hand that the same do amountt to the sum of one hundred fifty one thousand, six hundred & twelve pounds.  
Now know ye. That for a full restitution to be made to them for their Ships, Goods and Marchandizes, of which the said William Courten, and the Assigns of the said William Courten and Partners, were so despoiled as aforesaid, with all such Costs and Charges as they shall be at for the recovery of the same, We by the Advice of our Privy Council, have thought fit, and by these presents, do grant Licence and Authority under Our great Seal of England, unto Our said Subjects Sir Edmund Turnor, and George Carew, their Executors, Administrators and Assigns, for and on the behalf of themselves, and other Persons Interessed as aforesaid, to equippe, victual, furnish, and to set to Sea from time to time such and so many Ships, and Pinnaces, as they shall think fit. Provided always that there be an entry made, and recorded in the Admiralty Court of the Names of all Ships, and Vessels and of their Burden and Ammonition, and for how long time they are victualled; And also of the Name the Commander thereof, before the same or any of them be set forth to Sea; And with the said Ships, and Pinnaces by force of Arms to set upon, take and apprehend any of the Ships, Goods, Monies and Marchandizes of the said States General, or any of their Subjects, inhabiting within any their Dominions or Territories wheresoever, the same shall be found, and not in any Port or Harbour in England or Ireland 〈…〉 be the Ships and the Goods of the Parties that did the wrong. And the said Ships, Goods, Monies and Marchandizes, being so taken and brought into some Port of Our Realms and Dominions, an Inventory thereof shall be taken by Authority of Our Court of Admiralty, and Judgement shall be given in Our Court of Admiralty, by the Judge or Judges thereof, for the time being, upon proofs made before him, or them, that the said Ships, Goods, Wares, Marchandizes, or Money, did belong to the State's General, or any of their Subjects as aforesaid. That they shall be lawful prize to the said Sir Edmond Turnor, and George Carew, their Executors, Administrators and Assigns as aforesaid, to retain and keep in their or any of their Possessions, and to make sale, and dispose thereof in open Markett or howsoever else to their and every of their best Advantage and Benefitt, in as ample manner as at any time heretofore, hath been accustomed by way of reprisal, and to have and enjoy the same as lawful prize, and as their own proper Goods, so that neither Captain Master nor any of the Company that shall serve in his own Person, or shall promote and advance the said enterprise in manner an form aforesaid, shall in any manner of wise be reputed or challenged for any Offender against any of Our Laws. And that also it shall be lawful for all manner of Persons as well Our Subjects, as any other to buy the said Ships, Goods and Marchandizes so taken, and apprehended by the said Captains, Masters, and others, and adjudged as aforesaid, without any damage, loss, hindrance, trouble, molestation, or encumbrance to befall the said Buyers, or any of them, in as ample and lawful manner as if the Ships, Goods, Wares, and Merchandise had been come, and gotten by the lawful Traffic of Merchants, or of just prizes in the time of open Warr. Provided always that all Ships, Goods, and Merchandise taken by virtue of this Our Commission, shall be kept in safety, and no part of them wasted, spoilt or diminished, or the Bulk thereof broken until Judgement have first passed as aforesaid. That they are the Ships and Merchandises, of the State's General, or some of their Subjects as aforesaid. And if by colour of this Our Commission, there shall be taken any Ships, Goods, or Merchandises, of any of Our loving Subjects, or the Subjects of any Prince, or State in good League, or Amity with Us (except the State's General) or their Subjects, as aforesaid, and the Goods therein laden, sold, and embezzled, or diminished, or the bulk thereof broken in any Place, before they shall be adjudged to belong to the State's General, or some of their subjects as aforesaid, That then this Commission shall be of no sufficient Authority, to take the said Ships, Goods, and Merchandises, or to warrant, or save harmless such as shall receive, buy or intermeddle therein, but that both the prizes so taken, and the said Ships of War, shall be confiscated to Our use. And further We do hereby declare that it is Our will and pleasure, that this Our Commission shall remain in full force and power to all intents and purposes, until the said Sir Edmond Turnor, and George Carew their Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, as aforesaid, shall by virtue thereof have by force of Arms apprehended, taken, saised, recovored, and received from the said States General, or their subjects, one hundred fifty one thousand six hundred and twelve Pounds, according to the appraisement to be made by sufficient Appraisers upon Oath nominated, and authorised, in Our said Court of Admiralty, of all such Ships, Goods, Wares, and Merchandises, as shall be taken from the said States General, or any of their subjects, by virtue of this Commission, or shall other ways receive satisfaction of the Debt aforesaid, by Composition to be made between those of the East-India Company of the Netherlands, and the said Sir Edmond Turnor and George Carew their Executors, Administrators and Assigns as aforesaid; Notwithstanding it so happen, the present difference between Us, and the State's General, depending upon general reprisals, may be agreed and composed, and that in the interim a Peace & good Correspondence may be renewed between Us and the said States General; In which case nevertheless it's Our will and pleasure, that in the execution of this Our Commission, no violence shall be done to the Persons of the said Subjects of the said States General, but only in case of resistance, and that after in cold blood the subjects of the said States General, if hurt or wounded shall be used with all convenient office of humanity and kindess. And further Our will and pleasure is, that although it shall happen that all hostility between Us, and the State's General and Our respective Subjects shall cease, yet this Our Commissions shall remain, and be in full force and power, to the said Sir Edmond Turnor and George Carew, their Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, as aforesaid, by virtue thereof to apprehend, take, and seize by force and Arms, so many more of the said Ships and Coods of the State's General, or any of their said subjects, as besides the said sum before mentioned, shall cuntervaile, satisfy, and pay all such Costs and charges as the said Sir Edmond Turnor and George Carew, their Executors, Administrators, or Assigns, as aforesaid, shall from to time make proof to have disbursed and paid towards the equipping, manning, paying, furnishing, and victualling of the said Ships, so licenced, and Authorised as aforesaid, by this Our said Commission, to be equipped, manned, paid, furnished and victualled by the said Sir Edmond Turnor and Gegorge Carew their Exeecutors, Administrators, and Assigns as foresaid for the purpose aforesaid. And Our will and pleasure is, and We do hereby require, Our Judge or Judges of Our High Court of Admiralty for the time being, and all other Officers of the Admiralty, and all other Our Judge or Judges, Officers, Ministers and Subjects, whatsoever to be aiding and assisting to the said Sir Edmond Turnor and George Carew, their Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, as aforesaid in all points, in the due Execution of this Our Royal Commission, and to proceed to adjudication and adjudge all Ships, Merchandises, Monies, and Goods by virtue hereof to be taken according to Our Princely intention hereby signified and expressed, and to take care that this Our Royal Commission be duly executed, and favourably interpreted, and construed in all respects, to the benefit, and best advantage of the said Sir Edmond Turnor and George Carew their Executors, Administrators and Assigns, as aforesaid. In Witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters, to be made Patents. Witness Ourself at Westminster the 19 day of May in the 17. year of Our Reign.  
BY THE KING.   

TO make a retrospect into all the former proceedings of this case, or to doubt the validity of the grant, after all matters, were brought into a solemn Act of Letters Patents, under the great Seal of England; were not only to question his Majesty's Sovereign Power, and Prerogative Royal, in the protection of his Subjects, but to arraign the Judgements and opinions, of all the King's Ministers of State, Judges, and public Persons, that debated this business in Counsels, in Creatyes, in Parliament, and inferior Courts of judicature, before this special Commission was granted.  
As the King cannot be deceived in his grant, so he cannot do his Subjects any wrong, wherefore in most Patents the Clause (quantum in nobis) is inserted.  
It's a maxim in Law that which belongs to another Man, cannot be taken from him without his own consent.  
In the year 1639. Sir William Boswell gave a Memorial to the State's General in the King's name, to have satisfaction and reparation for the spoils and damages done in the East-Indies to his Majesty's Subjects. And another Memorial was given at the same tune to that purpose in England, unto Mr. Albertus' Joacnymy the State's Ambassador then Resident in ordinary there, unto both which Answers were given, that they could not treat with the King for the Damageo done to the East India Company of England, who might question them for the same hereafter, so the matter rested ●● sta●● quo.  
This Patent was not made underhand, as Mr Pergens (who had no right) made the agreement with the East-India Company of the Netherlands. Neither was the Company ignorant of the precedent grants to Sr. Edward Littleton, and Sir Paul Pindar before they treated with Mr Pergens, any more than they were of this Patent when they treated at Breda. Yet they had the confidence by advice of john de Witt to frame their Articles rencontre to the Laws of God, and Nature, impertinently using the words of mortifying, obliterating, extinguishing. and disannulling all offences, damages, losses and injuries whatsoever sustained by the subjects of either side, at any time whatsoever before that treaty: And that all actions, preteations, and grants whatsoever for the same should be void, and for ever renounced, and revoaked, giving every man liberty to take advantages of his own wrong, which treaty was soon canceled by new breaches, and his Majesty left at liberty as if the treaty at Breda had never been made.  
What is repugnant to reason and Justice is void in itself, as (felo de se) and destructive to all civil Society, and being john de Witt and his Brother were the first that used the words, mortification and extinguishment in any Treaty of Dtate, which God himself abhors in such cases having decreed that the offendor shall restore three fold for what is wrongfully taken, which unplyes the damages sustained for want of that which was taken away from the Persons enured.  
Those two the Wits were mortified and extinguished not only for using such Arrogant expressions, but as a just reward to such Persons that endeavoured to add force to violence, and fraud to oppression, and treachery to both.  
No man will deay, but that the King of Great Britain, in divers cases, may suspend the Execution of Law, in his own Kingdoms, but in no case can give, or take away any man's right, without a compensation.  
The Hollanders have a great power beyond the Cape Bona Esperanze, and have lately had the boldness to affront his Majesty in his own Seas but to strike at the Laws and Customs of England, threatens not only his Majesty's prerogative, but shakes the very foundation, and Common Interest of every individual Subject, which is nearer and dearer to them then their lives and fortunes.  
IT is necessary now to show what Precedents there are in former Treatyes, between the Belgic Provinces and the Crown of England, cencerning spoils, damages and losses before the seven United Provinces were a Commonwealth; and since they have been made a Republic.  
In the xxix' th' Article of the Treaty made between King Henry the the seaventh and Philip Duke of Austria and Burgundy concluded at London the 24. of February, 1495. it was agreed that all and singular Letters of reprisal, mark, and countermarque, which were granted by the said Prmees or their Predecessors, either out of their high Courts of Chancery or other inferior Courts should be held in suspension, without further Execution to be done thereupon nisi super ea●um meritis habita cognitione indicta, ad ho● per●●psos Principis specialiter deputandum, alitur fuerit ordinatum. So that there was no mortification or extinguishment of the right, only a suspension of the execution, but yet if there were special matter in the merits of the cause made known to the Princes respectively, they ordered it otherwise until Satisfaction was given to the parties greeved:  
ANd if either of those Princes had the like occasion given, as his Majesty (in this case) they would have entailed a Commission, to Eternity if reparation were not found, or the matter composed.  
Charles the first (of that name) King of Great Britain, granted a special Commission for reprisal, under the Great Seal of England, unto Mr. Pawlet on the behalf of himself and other Merchants of London, who had sustained losses by the Spaniards to the value of 30000. pounds Sterling in time of Peace, which Commission was to continue until satisfaction of the debt and damages: And at the Treaty concluded between the King of Spain and the King of England at Madrid in the Year 1630. Care was taken by the Spaniards to satisfy the remamder of the debt not recovered by reprise, as appears by the accounts stated in the Admiralty and the record thereof enrolled in the Chancery.  
In the xxx. ' th' Article of Oliver Cromwel's Treaty concluded with the State's General in the Year 1654. which was made in conformity to the Treaty with the Archduke of Austria aforesaid. It was agreed that at the delivery of the satification of the said Treaty four Commissioners should be nowinated on both sides to meet at London the 10. May 1654. to examine and determine all differences and injuries committed from the Year 1611. to the 18. ' th' of May 1652. as well in the East Indies. as in Greenland, Muscovia, and Brazill, or in any other place All the said particulars of losses to be delivered in writing to the said Commissioners before the 18. of May and none after And that what shall not be concluded within three months by the said Commessioners shall be referred to the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland, which were to be Arbitrators, and to conclude the business within six months following, the form of an instrument being agreed upon for that purpose; Nevertheless there was only 80000. pound Sterling paid to the East India Company of England, for the spoils and Damages at Amboyna and ●650. Pounds to the widows and Orphans of the English Factors murdered there  
And in the xxij. Article of the Pyrenean Treaty concluded between France and Spain on the 7. of November 1659. it was agreed that all debts and Damages contracted before the war, which upon the said day of the Publication of this Treaty, shall be found not to have been actually paid unto others by virtue of Judgements given upon Letters of confiscation or Reyrisall, shall be bona fide satisfied and paid. And upon the demand and persuites, that shall be about them, the said Lords and Rings shall give order unto their Officers, to render as good and speedy Justice unto the Foreigners, as unto their own Subjects, without any distinctions of Persons.  
By all which it appears there was no such words Mortification or extinguishment used, or others to bar any man's right of action for any things done or committed before the war.  
In the xv. Article concluded at Whitehal. between the King of Great Britain and the State's General on the 4 of September 1662. John de Witt and his Faction, insisted and endeavoured to have all the Damages, Spoils, and depredations in th' East Indies mortified and extinguished to that day, Argueing that the Treaty with Oliver Cromwell: And the Creaty between Sir George downing and the East India Company at the Hague in the Year 1659. where by they paid the further sum of 50●00. pounds sterling for the Ships the Pelican, the Fiedrick, Francis & jonn taken from English Merchants since Olivers' Treaty. should excuse them for the Damages they had done to Courten and his Partners Anno 1643. yet nevertheless a particular exception and proviso was made in the said 15. Article, that satisfaction should be given for the ships Bona Esperanza and Henry Bona Adventura. according to his majesties special recommendation as aforesaid, being a distince matter, from all other spoils and depredations, committed by the East India Company of the Netherlands.  
In persuance whereof, the two following Years being spent in fresh applications and addresses to the State's General, the States of Holland, the Directors of the East India Company, and to several Participants without effect.  
All Circumstances then considered there was one step further made in this special case, more than was in the Amboyna business to entail the claim by Letters Patents for a perpetual reprisal until satisfaction and reparation should be recovered for the debt and damages sustained, which if it had not been granted, his Majesty had lessened his own honour and greatness, as well as his power and prerogative for the protection of his Subjects in their Just rights, as also in assisting them in recoveris of the same.  
FRom whence this Conclusion, naturally follows the premises, that there is no Appeal, Manifesto, Treaty, safety, or reward whatsoever, or any other way or means under Heaven, to mortify, extinguish and discharge the debt and damages concerning the Bona Espranza and Henry Bona Adventura, but by satisfaction and reparation given to the persons interessed, and injured, whereby a sufficient discharge may be had.   

The Case between George Carew Esquire, Administrator of Sir William Courten. And The Heirs of Sir Jacob Cats, late Pensionaris of Holland.  
SIR Jacob Cats became bound in the City of London, unto Sir William Courten of London Knight, by a writing obligatory dated the 29. of July 1631. in the penalty of 3000. Pounds, conditioned for the payment of 2080. Pounds on the 12. of February following, according to the Custom of England.  
The money was not paid but continued at interest during Sir William Courten's life, who died in the year 1636. indebted to several Persons, for divers great sums of money, and leaves William Courten Esquire, his Son and Heir his sole Executor.  
William Courten the Executor having contracted many debts of his own, became insolvent, and absented himself in the year 1643. from his Creditors, and also from the further administration of his Father's Estate; but before he left the Kingdom, Mr. Jacob Pergens, a free Denizon of England inhabiting at Amsterdam, addressed himself to Mr. Courten for satisfaction of some money, due to him from Sir William Courten, and Mr. Courten himself, as Pergens pretended.  
William Courten the Executor by a Letter of Attorney, and Assignment, dated the 31. of October 1643. grants and transfers the said Bond of 3000. Pounds unto Mr, Pergens, with power to sue Sir Jacob Cats, for the said debt, and damages, to his own use.  
In the year 1645. jacob Pergens summons Sir jacob Cats (than Pensionaris of Holland) into the Provincial Court at the Hague, and declares against him for the said money; During the said controversy Sir jacob Cats applies himself to the Commissioners concerning Bankrupts in England, who had a Commission (grounded upon the Statutes in such cases made and provided) to inquire after Mr. Courtins particular Estate for satisfaction of his own debts, but being advised that the Commissioners had no legal Authority to intermeddle with Sir William Courtins Estate, which was liable in another right, for the payment of his own proper debts, Sir jacob Cats d●●ined from any further Treaty with them.  
Nevertheless, the Commissioners by their writing Authentic, prohibited Sir jacob Cats to pay any money to jacob Pergens upon the said Bond. Then Pergens soon after obtained an Order out of the Provincial Court, to cite and admonish, the Commissioners in England, if they had any right, or pretence to the said Bond, or money due thereupon, they should institute the same before the said Provincial Court at a day certain, or be condemned in perpetual silence, whereupon the Commissioners appeared by their Advocate, and Procurer. Then Pergens by an insinuation prohibited Sir jacob Cats from payment of any money to them, or to any other, or to make any agreement with them; Yet notwithstanding ●de been esse on the 18. of July 1653. jacob Pergens procured an Assignment of the said Bond from the said Commissioners for 400. Pounds, to the end they might let their Process cease, whereby Pergens might proceed against Sir jacob Cats, which he did accordingly.  
But pendente William Courten the Executor died intestate in Italy, whereby the action abated against Sir jacob Cats, according to the known rule in Law: Quod a●to personalis moritur cum persona.  
Afterwards upon the Kings most happy restauration, Letters of Administration of the Goods, and Chattels, Rights, Debts, and Credits of Sir William Courten with his Will annexed, were granted on the 14. of July 1660. to the said George Carew; yet notwithstanding jacob Pergens who had formerly by another fraudulent praclise, gotten into his hands 85000. gilders from the East-India Company, upon another pretended a 〈◊〉 from the said William Courten; prevailed with the Provincial Court on the 4. of November 1661. to give Sentence in the said cause against Sir jacob Cats, and condemned him to pay the said money, due upon the said Bond, unto jacob Pergens, and interest thereof at 8. per cent. Soon after Sir jacob Cats died, and his Heirs appealed from the said Sentence to the supreme Court of Judicature at the Hague.  
Then George Carew, in his quality as Administrator, intervened in the said cause, before the Lords of the said supreme Court, in the month of May 1662. where having by his Request in writing exhibited in Court, made known his right and property to the said money, and concluded in his Demand, that Pergens should be condemned to acquiess in the cause, and deliver up the Bond, as having no right to the Money, by the said Assignments from Mr. Courten, or the Commissioners, conformable to the Laws of England, where the debt was contracted and the Bond made, and also demanded that the Heirs of Sir jacob Cats, should be ordered to pay the Money, due upon the said Bond, to the said George Carew, in his quality as Administrator of Sir William Courten, the same being an unadministred effect of Sir William Courten's Estate.  
Then the Advocates of both sides, desired time to consult concerning the Laws of England in that point, and to inform the Court therein accordingly.  
The Case being drawn up, and agreed by the Advocats of both parties, several of the Judges in England, gave their opinions upon the same, under their hands, before Major Wright and Mr. Dani●ll, public Notaries, which was transmitted to the supreme Court of Judicature of Holland: Wherein was affirmed that by the L●nv of England, the Bond of Sir Jacob Cats, could not be granted, or assigned to Mr. Pergens, either by the Executor, or Commissioners. That after the death of William Courten▪ Executor in Aut●r drott▪ the action against Sir Jacob Cats abated, but when the Administration was granted to Carew, the said action was properly to be revived by him, as having the only right in Law to the said debt, the property being not changed by any Act of Mr. Courten or the Commissioners, but remained as assets liable to the Testators debts▪ according to the nature and priority in Law, and the intervention of Carew in the said cause, was a continuance of the said action, Carew having the right of prosecution to revive the same, allowing the said Pergens in equity his costs of suit.  
Then Pergens made a d●latory & impertinent exception, that he was a Burger of Amsterstam, although his dwellinghouse was in the Hague, and pretended he ought to be first impleaded before his Competent Judges at Amsterdam, and not in the Hague before the supreme Court of Judicature, where the suit depended: whereupon the Court rejected Mr. Carew● suit, and decreed that the Here van Car●●ss●, and the rest of the Heirs of Sir jacob Cats, should pay the said Money to Pergens, with mitigation of the Interest, and that Pergens should give them Caution to be saved harmless against Mr. Carew, which was respectively done to the apparent wrong of Mr. Carew, and several of His Majesty's good Subjects in England, that claim under Mr. carew's administration, divers proportionable dividends of Sir William Courten's Estate unadministred.  
Wherefore they appeal to the King of great Prittam, for protection, and means to recover their just rights, being of most dangerous consequence against the Law of property, to suffer Foreign Courts of Judicature to ●tr●nch upon the Laws of England, or to wrong the Judicature thereof. And the rather for that the Lords of the supreme Court at the Hague, were preadmonished by several learned Advocates there, as follows:  

1. That Mr. Carew being a Stranger, was to be admitted at his ●…st ●●st●●ce by the instructions of their own Court.  
2. That the Lords of the Court, were positively obliged to give ●udgement according to the Law of England, where the M●… was lent, and the Bond given.  
3. That by the Laws of Nations, all Courts of Justice were to give Sentences, in Cases of Contracls, according to the Law of the Country, where sich Contracts were made.  
4. That the supreme Court, was the proper place of Judicature in this Case of Intervention, and that if they did not admit Mr. Carew prima instantia, they would do him most apparent ●justice, and ●…rong both the Judicature of England, and of the United Netherlands; Yet the Pensionaris John de Witt b'ing a Kn●s●●n to Mr. Pergens and his wife, prevailed with some of the Lords of the supreme Court, to d●●y Mr. Carew that ordinary Justice; which ought to be administered to all Strangers, whereby he hath suffered to his damage 5000. Pounds Sterling and upwards.    

The Case between the Executors and Administratois of Sir William Courten, late of London Knight, deceased; AND The Heirs and Executors of Sir Peter Courten, late of Midleburgh in Zealand Knight, deceased.  
IN the Year 1606. Sir William Courten, Sir Peter Courten, and Mr. John Money of Londen Marchans'▪ who m●…d Margaret Courten the ●●d●●●● of Mathias Boudaen entered into a ●●ad● of Partnershi●p, and dealt to several parts in Europe, Africa, and America, with a a●… stc●k; whereof the ●…s part b●…nged unto Sir William Courten, and a fourth part unto cach of the other two.  
In the Year 1630. Sir Peter Courten, who kept the general Books of Trade died at Midleburgh afer●…, having made Mr. Peter Boudaen his Nephew late of Midleburgh Marchant his H●tr, and Fxi●●tor, who tcok 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 the said ●…ke, and of all Sir Peter Courten, F●●ate, with the Shipping, Goods and D●…ts, b●…nging to the Company, amounting unto a hundred thousand pound sterling and upwards.  
In the Year 1631. Mr. John Money, at the Request of Sir William Courten, went from London to M●…burgh, to s●tle the accounts of Trade with the said Peter Boudaen, w●…h had not been made even since the year 1622. but ●…e Mr. Money had p●…ed the accounts, be ●…d on the 17. of October 1631. at the said Peter Boudaen● ●●●se, where ●● made a ●…l (as it's pretended and thereof ●pp●mted Sir William Courten, and Peter Boudaen Executors. Nevertchless the 〈…〉 of the said 〈…〉 upon suspicion of fra●…, and forgery, being afterward 〈…〉 in England where it was 〈…〉 in 〈…〉 s●●m●● Letters of 〈…〉 of Mr. Jehn Money's E●…, were granted by the 〈…〉 Court unto Hester White, alias the Wire, Kt●…man and next H●●r at Law to Mr. Money. The Pror●gative Court for divers reasons adjudg●rg that Mr. Money died intestate, and left a considerable Estate behind him.  
In the Year 1636. Sir William Courten 〈…〉 the ac●…ts of Partnership were s●…d, or the Monus ●●● to ●●n from the said Peter Boudaen w●●● 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 William Courten, his Son and H●ir, his 〈◊〉 Ex●cut●● 〈…〉 D●●t● to many Orphant's an● 〈◊〉 d●w▪ 〈…〉 S●● William Courten upon 〈…〉 Trade to the East-india: And upon his deathbed 〈◊〉 Mr. Jacob Purging▪ ● the presence o● Sir William Cur●●u●, to 〈◊〉 Mr. Boudaen to 〈◊〉 the said attempts of the Company, 〈◊〉 much of Sir William Courtens 〈◊〉 con●●●l●d.  
In the Year 1643. William Courten the Executor, by reason of s●vera●●●● 〈…〉 in the East-india, & ●●ing charg●● with great d●●●s at Inter●●●, become 〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉 himself from the administration of ●●s 〈…〉, and 〈…〉 into Italy, wh●●●●● d●●d intestate, leaving 〈…〉, and the accounts of the Partnership uns●●●●d.  
In the ●ear 1646. the Lady Katherine Courten directed Mr. John Moon, to send all ●●●h Books and Papers, as r●ma●●●d in her Husband's 〈◊〉, unto Mr. David Goubard at M●l●●burgh who had been formerly ● Servant and accountant for Sir William Courten to compare them with the other Books, that accounts might b● stated accordingly. But Mr. Boudaen foreseeing it would d●minish his credit, ref●●●d to make any balance of the said accomber, taking advantage of the iniquity of th● 〈◊〉, and Mr. Courtens 〈◊〉, and afterwards by 〈◊〉 means, got into his hands several of the Books and Papers belonging to Sir William Courten, and refused to d●●iver ●●●m again.  
In the Year 1652. Hester White exhibited ●●r 〈◊〉 to the Magistrates of M●●●●burgh against Peter Boudaen, to hav● an account of john M●n●ys Estate, out of ●●● general B●●ks of the Trade, that were kept by Sir Peter Courten▪ Whereupon Mr. Boudaen excepted against her quality as Administratrix, pretending that Administration was granted into her surrupticiously, although he was 〈◊〉 cited, and admonished to prove the pretended ●●ill of Mr. Money, by wit●neses▪ That he had ●●nt unto Sir William Courten to be registered ●● 〈◊〉▪ Which he refused to do by Commission, suffering administration to 〈◊〉 to Mr●. White▪ Yet the Magistrates of Mid●eburgh declared Mrs. White not receivable in her quality, as yet, which no Nation in the World, e●●r ●●● the ●ik●, in such Ca●es before.  
Mrs. White being grieved th●r●▪ t●, appealed from the Sentence of the 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉, to the Lords of the supreme Court of Judicature at the 〈◊〉, were a●●●r ●o●● y●●r● 〈◊〉 and expenses, the supreme Court gave S●nt●●●● on the 〈◊〉▪ of May 1657. That provided, the said Peter Boudaen 〈◊〉 oblige himself, to satisfy all Pr●t●nders, whether Creditors, 〈◊〉▪ or others, that might pretend to the Estate of John Money, that th●n the Administratrix was not grieved by the Sentence of the Magistrates of Midl●burgh. But in case of refu●al, they condemned him to deposit all the Books of accounts, papers and writings ●●●onging to the Partnership, that the accounts might be stated accordingly. However, reserving such right as any person or persons, might pretend to the validity, or invalidity of the last Will, and Testament of the said john Money, which was a dilatory and imp●rtm●nt Sentence, and not to the matter in ●ssue.  
In the Year 1660. s●on after the King of great Britain's most happy restauration, Letters of Administration of Sir William Courtens Estate with ●…ill annexed, were granted to George Carew of Richmond in the County of Surrey 〈◊〉, ●by the consent of the grand child and Heir of the said Sir ●●illiam Courten▪ who addressed himself in the year f●llowing to Mr. Boudaen, Mr. Pergens, and Mr. Goubard, (they being all then in the Hagu●● and 〈◊〉 th●m, that the accounts of the Partnership might be ●etled, for satisfaction of all Parties concerned, especially the Orphans and ●●iddows unto whom Sir William Courten died indebted: But Mr. Boudaen impertinently 〈◊〉, that he would do it, provided Mr. Carew would give him 〈◊〉: ●● an●●●r ●●● demands to the Estate of Mr. john Money▪ whose Estate did not 〈◊〉 Boudaen, but Mrs. White, who is appointed Administratrix thereof as aforesaid, and ●ath a suit depending in the high Court of Chancery for the same, by virtue of her Letters of Administration.  
In the Year 1662. George Carew, in his quality as Administrator to Sir William Courten, gave procuration unto Mr. james Bo●ve, to question the said Peter Boudaen concerning the said accounts, and to recover all such 〈◊〉 of money as should be found due unto Sir William Courtens Estate. whereupon Mr. Boeve insinuated his power and Authority unto the said Boudaen, and in a friendly manner desired the ●ight of Sir Peter Courtens Books, Papers and writings in his Custody relating to the said accounts, that from thence the balance might be made at a joint charge. Yet Mr. Boudaen refused to com●ly therein, Then Mr. james Boeve instituted an action before the Magistrates of Midleburgh on the 6. Sept●mber 1662. and concluded in his demand, that Peter Boudaen should be ordered to give him free ●gr●ss and regress to the said Books, Papers and writings, or in case of refusal, that he should be condemned to 〈◊〉 the said Books, and writings into the S●cretary-office of the said City, there to be inspected, and the said accounts stated at a joint charge. Whereupon the Magistrates, of Midleburgh were pleased to i●●●st, that Mr. Boeve should give cau●●●n for Costs. Which was never demanded before in any Court of Judicature in such Cases of Partnership, especially from Executors, and Administrators, that seek to be relieved for their Testator● good●, who are not by Law chargeable with Costs: Nevertheless Mr. Bo●●e being a Burger there himself▪ gave caution. Then the Magistrates rejected it, and demanded other caution, presuming that he could find none of the City, that were Zelanders, who would be bail, which pro●ed ●o● accordingly, and the Court refusing all English men, the cause rested in 〈◊〉 ●u●. But Pendente 〈◊〉 Mr. Boudaen died, an● le●t h●● Son●, and Daughter, liable to answer the said accounts out of the real and personal Estate, left unto them by Peter Boudaen, and S●r● Peter Courten.  
〈◊〉 Mr. Carew addressed several Letters to Mr. Peter Boudaen and john Boudaen, 〈◊〉 of the Sons of the said Peter Boudaen deceased, and 〈…〉 to move them to 〈◊〉 the said accounts of the 〈◊〉, ●●●r●●●nt all further trouble and 〈◊〉, which still they refu●●●●● 〈…〉 a●● overture● in that kind, both from Mr. Carew and ●●● 〈◊〉. Knowing that ●● being a stranger in Midleburgh, and they 〈…〉 Magistrates there, that Mr. Carew 〈◊〉 not expect any 〈◊〉▪ or 〈◊〉, ●●●r●●●● cause of action▪ s●i●● remains before the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 of Midleburgh, who r●f●s● to proceed thereupon.  
Wherefore the said George Carew, Appeal●s to the King of great Brittaigne ●●● Common Justi●e therein, against that grand fraud and oppression of the H●●●anders, and the Zelanders.  
Against high way men, and Pirates▪ Particular Persons may make some de●ence upon att●●q●●s▪ by 〈◊〉 or f●ying▪ but to ●all into the hands of unrightous ●en, under an Arbitrary power, is a m●st miserable grievance, if there w●re not a●y protection to be ●ound fr●m those Prince's, who ought t● vindicate th●ir Subjects' interests, in mainta●●●g the rights a●d prerogatives of their Crow●es.  
Where invasions are made upon the Laws and Customs of Kingdoms, no man can be sa●e in his own property. Yet the●se Hollanders and 〈◊〉▪ those miscreants (th●t have a ●ied frau●e to violence, and one oppressio after another▪ u●on all strangers'▪ 〈◊〉 themselves now wit●●● the reach o● England, Scotland, France and Ireland▪ they have 〈…〉 degenerated m●● to appeal v●to ●●● Parliament▪ for them▪ at 〈…〉▪ I leave the c●●es, and ●●a●es ●● the Widd●●●, a●d the fatherless, and the sad 〈◊〉 of many 〈◊〉▪ wh●●● b●ead have bee●▪ Latin, so many years by the Hollanders and Zelanders.  
NOw I have given you some account of the Hollanders, in their Empire, their Government, their practices, and administration of Justice; I shall briefly conclude, with an Answer to their railing appeal▪ addressed in an English stile, by their mereinary confederates, under the Notion of England's Appeal to the Parliament, which is a strange Contradiction in itself. The Parliament being the body representative of England, whereof the King is the head; And although, that Dutch appeal from the sword, be Answered generally in the premises, yet I shall give some more particular answers to several points, for your further satisfaction in the conclusion.  
Cardinal Nichelieu, held it for a Maxim, that a Sovereign Prince hath no Kindred ●oe near unto him, in the world▪ as the Generality of his own Subjects, implying from thence, that the greatest happiness of a King, consisted in the prosperity of his Kingdoms, And Cardinal Mazarine was of an opinion, that an honest man ought not to be a slave unto his word, implying from thence (alluding to Portugal and Spain) that it was better to violate a promise in divers Cases, upon any emergent contingences, then to prejudice many millions of people, by keeping it; The Motto non nobis nati sumus, is more properly applicable to such public Ministers, then to private persons.  
It was held for a great virtue amongst the Pagans, for any man to love his country, certainly than it must be a Damnable vice amongst Christians, for any man to hate the land, wherein he took his first breath. And there cannot be a greater demonstration of that iniquity, then to wound the Honour, and reputation of those Princes, who represents the glory, wisdom, courage, and conduct of their Subjects, and Servants. There is no perfection in man, neither do I believe, that all the best Counsellors of Princes, are either saints, or Angels. Yet I am confident that those, who sit upon the tops of Mountains, can see further than they, that stand upon Mole hill●. And that the Cabal at white hall (as they are termed in the appeal▪ gave the King of great Brittaigne, the most wholesome Council, for the honour, and interest of England, that ever was given within those walls, concerning a war with the Hollanders.  
Advised in such a Juncture of time, that the State's General Hectored both England, and France, and boasted in the French Court, that the King of great Brittaigne, had neither money, nor credit, to ●e●t out a man of war. And in that Juncture, when the Comedians, and public Harbours in the United, and Spanish Netherlands, had their Screens, and Scenes, painted with the Trophies of Chattam. And even in that Juncture, when the Council of Spain, had rejected any nearer Alliance with Great Brittaigne, or to give His Majesty any Assistance whatsoever against the Hollanders, that had so lately, insulted over him, and his Kingdoms.  
The Appealants make a great noise, with their Flourishing language, against England's Alliance with France, and the prodigious growth of that Kingdom, (Since the Leagues and Alliances continued so long between France and Holland, against Spain, and England) and now they fear the dreadful conquest of the United Provinces, and the Spanish Netherlands. And say in their 15. 18. and 19 Summary hints to the Parliament, that there will be an unavoidable breach with Spain, in case the Alliance with France continues, and how fatal the consequences of a Spanish war will be, and then impertinently propounds, how much greater the danger will prove, if France should conquer Spain, Germany, and the United Provinces, and lastly says, there is no care taken of the Triple League, or of the interest of England, and the Protestant Religion.  
No man will deny, but that Charles the fifth was the greatest Monarch that ever reigned upon the face of the Earth. Yet he did (some years before his death) surrender the Crown of Spain and the Seventeen Provinces, to his son Philip the second, and the Empire of Germany, to his Brother Ferdinando, that was chosen King of the Romans; Charles the fifth being wearied out with the divisions, and troubles, amongst the Netherlanders, and the Germane Princes, concerning the Privileges of the Empire, and their respective Provinces. Philip the second, was also wearied out, with the dissensions in the Low Countries, and assigned the 17. Provinces unto Albertus and Isebella who continued in a state of war, with the Hollanders, during their lives. And how a French Monarch should expect any greater conquests by all his Arms, I cannot apprehend, or understand.  
The Dukes of Bavaria and Brandingburgh, who stands yet neutral, and other Princes of the Empire, would unite their forces effectually, if they did foresee the danger of what the Appealants, vainly suppose. The Northern Kings, and their neighbour Princes in the continent would unite, and hinder such a prodigious groweth of France, if the King of great Brittaigne should suffer such a progress. Which is an Idle circumstance to Imagine.  
The Interest of England is naval power, and it is certainly the advantage of His Majesty, and his Crowns, to continue (by all means possible) the war against the Hollanders, until their Fishermen be forced to go and inhabit again upon the Coast of England and Scotland. And the rest of the Merchants, and Mariners, be constrained to give better caution, for their good behaviour for the future, Or be compelled to burn their own Ships of war for a peace, as the carthaginians did 500 of their Ships and Galleys, at the end of the second Punic war.  
How many times France, hath been almost subdued by England, many Chronicles, and records sufficiently testifies, even when England, was not so populous, nor so prompt to Arms, and when they had greater diversions from the Scots, that are since united to the Crown, and to give English men their due, all the former conquests of the Hollanders, were gotten by the blood and valour of the English, whose courage was not abated, when the Duke of Monmouth and his Regiment, made the first assaults and storms, at the taking of Mastricht. It is granted that the French may be as subtle, false, and insolent, as the Hollanders, but they are universally more generous, and being so different in their humours, and their habits, from the Hollanders, there is no great fear of any accord between them, Especially since the breach, is made so wide. Yet there is an opportunity for the King of great Brittaigne, to put a cheque upon the French, in the Spanish Netherlands, by possessing a place in the Hollanders power, which at present is a Curb both unto Flanders and Brabant, and aught to be rendered to England (as a precaution) from the Hollanders upon this treaty at Cologne, to prevent any mischief, that may happen from France, Spain & Holland, jointly, or severally, hereafter.  
All men of understanding, or knowledge in History, will confess, that the French Kings, had the Sovereignty of Flanders, before the battle of Pavye, and that appeals before that time, were made to the Parliament at Paris. Which after Francis the first renounced the Sovereignty to Charles the fifth (for his ransom being taken Prisoner in that battle) all appeals in Flanders are made to the Chamber at Mechelen. But whether a Sovereign Prince, can by Law renounce any Sovereignty, or prerogative of his Crown, without a general consent of the Kingdom, or principality, that orriginally chose their Kings, to protect, and defend them, who granted the Soveraignities to their Princes and their Heirs, Is a question that I shall not undertake to resolve.  
Or whether the Kingdom of Sicily, that was divided by the Mediterranean sea from the Continent of Jtally, could be transferred to the Crown of France, by the Donation of the Queen. Which afterwards upon the persuasion of several Hermit's, under the notion of Religion (employed by the Spaniards) the people of Sicily, were animated to murder the French at their Vespers, to redeem themselves from servitude, and become Subjects to the King of Spain.  
Princes have their passions, and are more sensible of their honour, and interests, than other men, who looks no further, than their own private, and present profitts, and advantage. It is most certain. The Infanta of Spain, the French Kings wife Daughter of P●i●… IV. King of Spain, and 〈…〉, Daughter of Henery the IV. King of France is the undoubted Heir of Flanders, as Charles her Brother by a second venture is the undoubted Heir of Arragon, and 〈…〉. Admitting the portion had been paid, to the French King that was Promised in Marriage with the Infanta, which was the ground of the Pyreenean treaty, the consideration of so much money, had ●eem●● a good ●arr unto his claim, and progress into the Spanish Netherlands, But to have neither money nor 〈…〉, w●●● a King's Daughter, that pr●t●nds to so much of the world, as the King of Sp●…, w●… a man of a ●●aner s●●r●t, than a French King But whether it would be better or worse for England, if the French King, should get possession of all the Spanish Netherlands, any man of a reasonable Capacity is able to Judge. Yet it is most certain, that it would be better for the Gentry, Burghers and Boars, to be under one Master, that have lived miserably, so many years, between the French, and the Spaniards, where the Spanish Governors and their insolent Officers, will keep them 〈…〉 enough, although there were not so many begging Religious Or 〈…〉 g●t them, who would get most of the Lands, as well as their bread, if there were not strict Laws in Flanders and Br●bant, against that sort of b●gg●ng, and that manner of giving away their Lands; Where the Magistrates do admit several Cloy●t●r●, and Convents of English Nuns, and fryas, professed in 〈…〉 begging Orders, conditionally they shall maintain themselves pay excises, and other duties, and not hinder the charity to their own regulars, from both which, the Hollanders, like the box keepers at Spearing ordinary, gets the greatest profit, that brings the provisions to the talbe, which consumes all at last.  
The United Netherlands are unwilling to part with the Coverts, and advantages, they make of their Frontiers in Flanders, and Brabant those two Maritine Provinces of the Spanish Netherlands) both in times of peace, and war, who speak the same language trade together, Cape together, confederate together, and can at pleasure, evade the 21. Article of their Honourable Treaty at Breda, without discovery; Newport, ostend, and Flushing, being so near together. And there general Port, at St. Donas standing open to them, over against Sluice, upon all occasions of necessity. Who can also become free Burghers in the Cities of Brabrant and Flanders, gra●●s with exemptions from taxes, and other Charges, which are imposed upon English men, and their goods contrary to former treaties, between England, and Spain, viz: Convoy money, Pound-gelt, Last-gelt, House-gelt, besides Custom and Excizes. purposely to drive English Merchants, and all English woollen Manufactures, out of the Spanish Netherlands, and to encourage the Hollanders, that strives to undermine, and undersell, the English, in all parts.  
And now 〈…〉 ●eme destning● men, should di●●●ver the s●●ke in the grass, the Hollanders ●ry out j●st of a Dragon, that is read, to devour them, and their Diana Trade, calling to the House of Austria, Spain, Danemarcke, the Germane Princes, and about all to their con●iderates in England, Help, Help, for the Lords sake, our Religious concernments, are all at stake, our three principal foudations, F●…, and navigation, that supported us against 〈…〉, in the world are sinking The English, and French, will open the Sc●…, and Sass van G●●nt, to spoil our Navigations, and Traffic into the Spanish Netherlands, and Germany, as they have done already by prohibiting our Ships from their Foreign plantations: 2. They will 〈…〉 our Herring and Co●● fishing, upon the Coast of England and Scotland, and 3. lay open the East-India Trade, to the Freedom of the English and French Companies. And because the Hollanders would have no stone unturned to effect their designs, they instruct the Spanish Ambassador, at London, to find out, some fit instruments, to insinuate at all Coffee houses, the danger of the Protestant Religion, by introducing Popery. 2. The setting up an arbitrary power, and 3. The unavoidable breach with Spain, if the Alliance with France should continue. And while these things are infusing into the Common people's Brains, in England, the Spanish Governor Monterey, & his officers were drinking to the Confusion of the Duke of York, and his Majesty's Navy Royal.  
All English men, and others, of any experience, knows that the Protestant Religion in England is fortified, and barricadoed, with so many Acts of Parliament, that it is impossible, for any Ingineers to undermine, or shake it with all the Canons, or Batteries in the world. The Common Laws of England, have the same fortifications, which protects every man's life, & estate. Those grand Charters are all Canon proof. As to the English interest abroad, so much threatened, upon the unavoidable breach with Spain, The Arguments, are against the Hollanders, and their Allies. The King of Spain is a child, and the Emperor of Germany none of the wisest Princes, that ever reigned, yet they may both understand, that a Spanish war with England, in this conjuncture, would be more fatal unto Spain, then Dangerous unto Great Brittaigne. England is able to subsist of itself, and if they would forbear trade for a time, to pursue their victories, all Nations would be suddenly reduced, to want and necessity.  
The poor and proud Spaniards, would not have a Herring, or a pilchard for their slaves in their viniards, but feed their swine with their fruits, & wine, while English men drink good Ale and cider, and the Signior want bays for cloaks, to cover their rags, and their Women long vails to cover their Modesty's. Then comes a crew from Amsterdam, Leyden, and Rotterdam, that were raked out of the sinks of all Nations, Echoing allowed, help, help, for heaven's sake, an harmless people, that knows not where to live, and serve God after their own ways. Att last comes another generation (the best of all the pack) crying hold, hold for Jesus sake we are old upright North-Hollanders, and Frizons, that gets our living, by Fishing, and Dayaries, who ought not to suffer for the cheats, forgeries, and dissimulations, or the insolences, and rapines, of our East, and West India Sovereigns, that have introduced themselves into the Government, since the death of Queen Elizebeth.  
No man that is in his Wits, and knows Holland, will believe that those people, should out of their turf mines, muddy, and sandy ground (half the year under water,) honestly get such means, to trouble, and molest all Europe. And then by the Triple League think to secure themselves from all their Robberies and Murders. A three fold cord is not soon broken, but a Triple Alliance, that hangs in a silver Chain, if one link be broken, the whole league falls to the ground. The State's General, and all their Sovereigns, cannot be so impertinent, to think, that any Prince, should be obliged, to their treaties, after they have made as many breaches, as there are Articles contained in them.  
King James found them beggars, and King Charles the II. does them no wrong to leave them Beggars, or deal by them as Great Princes, do by their unfaithful stewards, take away their unjust gains, and leave them a competency to live upon:  
The Authors of England's appeal, begins with a ridiculous fable of a Lion, a Bull, and other beasts, and concludes presumptuously, with a scripture Phaise Calling heaven, and Earth to record, that they set life and death before you, blessing, and cursing, etc.  
O England, England, there is a divine providence, that governs the world, and affairs of men. Many are the troubles, miseries, and Calamities, that were brought upon you, through your own errors, jalousies, and mistakes. Blessings do now attend you; And there are opertunities, put into your hands, to perpetuate your own Glory, by your own Actions. As Nature hath made you renowned by her fair Ornements; Great Brittaigne is encompassed about on every side, with the Mighty Ocean, wihich carries her floating Towers out of the best Ports, and Harbours in the world. Replenished in the several seasons with all kinds of Fish, that particularly visitts the English Coasts for supplies, when at all times the flowing tides runs into your rivers & streams, to fetch fresh water for the thirsty Mariners. Your Hills and Downs, are inamilled with flocks of sheep and goats. Your barren soils are stored with rich mines and quarries. All your Counties, and shires, are like the Choicest landshipps, Complicated with Stately Cities and Towns, sumptious Castles, and buildings, woods and groves, amongst riveletts, Meadows, Arable land, and pastures. Where nature hath outvied art, to make you beautiful and happy; Whilst other Nations want those conveniencies, and your staple Commodities. And as a further addition to your happiness, you are blessed with a Prince that studies to establish those felicities upon a most sure foundation, to you and your Heirs for ever. Whose bodies and minds are made suitable to the Drett, and elements, of your Country, from whence I may without vanity say of England. 
Ne quisquam Ajacem possit superare nisi Ajax.   
Now I appeal unto heaven and Earth, Whether it would not be an Act of Justice and honour for the Lords and Commons in Parliament, to move the King, effectually to insist upon such a sum of money from the Hollanders, that might make full satisfaction, and reparation, for the debt and damages, concerning the two Ships Bona Esperanza, and Henery Bonadventura.  
Or whether there ought not in Policy and prudence, to be a Summary way agreed upon in this treaty, to end all suits at Law between His Majesty's Subjects, and the Sovereigns of Holland and Zealand, depending before them, that are both parties and Judges themselves.  
Or whether it would not be an Act of injustice and ingratitude in the whole Kingdom of England, to suffer the Heirs of Sir William Courten, and Sir Paul Pyndar to live in exile, (under the Curse of the old Law) deprived of all their Father's inheritances, whose Estates are kept from them, by violence and oppression. That had done so much for their King, and Country in the improvement of trade, and Navigation. That had so aften supplied Ambassadors abroad, after Sir Paul Pyndar himself, had continued eleven years at Constantinople, in the service of King James, and the Turkey Company, wherein he much advanced the Levant Merchants. That have made such additions, to the Crown, and Revenues of His Majesty's. That did leave other Nations, from whence they brought vast sums of money into His Majesty's Kingdoms, to be made such precedents of misfortune. If their posterity should be still forsaken, where they ought to be relieved.   
FINIS.