A Complete Course OF Chemistry. Containing near Three Hundred Operations; Several of which Have not been Published before.  
ALSO, The Structure of several Furnaces, with near Three Hundred Characters, which are dispersed in Chemical Authors; And such Instruments and Vessels as are necessary in a Complete Elaboratory. All cut in Copper.  
By George Wilson, Chemist.  
LONDON: Printed, and Sold at the Author's House, in Well-Yard, near St. Bartholomew's Hospital; And by Walter Kettilby, at the Bishop's Head in St. Paul's Church Yard, 1699.   

TO THE Right Honourable WILLIAM Lord Paston, Baron of PASTON, Viscount and Earl of Yarmouth  
My LORD,  
THE Kind Reception I have upon all Occasions met with from your Lordship, Emboldens me to lay the following Papers at your Feet; not that I pretend to offer any thing worth your Lordship's Favour, your thorough Experience into, and Exquisite Skill in whatever relates to Chemistry, makes me too Conscious to myself how little this deserves your Patronage and Protection.  
But since I have no other way left me of acknowledging the many Obligations I lie under to your Lordship, I rather choose to run the hazard of my Reputation on this account, than pass of the Stage with the Gild of Ingratitude upon me, who must ever attribute all I now enjoy at Home to the Care and Goodness of your Lordship.  
Accept than my Lord, I beseech you, the Sincere, though weak Endeavours of my Declining Years, and judge not my Respect and Duty by the meanness of the Performance. The Honour of your Lordship's Approbation will Fortify me against Censure; And however defective I may seem to have been, yet I have still the hopes that I may by this means Incite others to greater and nobler Attempts of this kind, and put them upon a deeper Search into the more close Recesses of this so Useful, but Mysterious Art  
And here, my Lord, I cannot omit, with humble Submission, Suggesting to your Lordship, how happy would the present Age be, as well as Posterity, if so great a Genius as your Lordship would please to borrow some few Minutes, from your other more weighty Affairs, to Collect the Curious Observations you have made in Cymistry, and Communicate them to the World; What might we not expect from such Indefatigable Industry, and so great a Capacity! Even the Admirable Mr. boil, where he alive, might with pleasure see himself outdone, in what was his Chiefest Darling and Mistress.  
But I shall wave the Enlarging on this Subject, jest by attempting to give your just Praises I should lessen that Character, which all who have the Honour to know your Lordship, must confess you truly deserve.  
May your Lordship enjoy a full Measure of Health and Honour; and may After-Ages with Admiration behold your Lordship's Excellent Virtues still shining forth, in a Generous and Noble Posterity, is the Earnest Prayer of  
My LORD, Your Lordship's Most Faithful, Humble, and Dutiful Servant, George Wilson.   

TO THE READER.  
I Need not Enlarge myself in the Use of Chemistry, and the great Improvements made by it among the Affairs of Mankind; it has been done by many and better Hands; but in Physic it is of that vast Extent, that every Age, for some Hundred of Years, has Administered to its Growth; and with that Success, that there are few Simples of Note, in any of the Kingdoms, whether Mineral, Vegetable, or Animal, but have received some Advantage by it: The common Approbation of the Learned has not only rendered it unquestionable, but its Use has made it one of the chief Props of Physic; and without doubt it is capable of being more Improved, and will be in so Capacious a Subject as Nature itself.  
But to the Matter in hand, I freely acknowledge the Collection I have made is not New, nor can I say I designed it, being always persuaded it was the best way to place those several Processes I have added out of my own Store, under such General Heads they naturally belonged to, in such manner that it might make up an entire or complete Body of Chemistry.  
As for the Processes which are not mine, but have been Extant before, I have made use of them as things necessary to my Design, but with some Improvement; because I have joined new Observations about the way and manner of working them, which I have found not only convenient, but sometimes absolutely necessary, by the Experience of near Forty Years, wherein I have been a Diligent Operator in Chemistry.  
I have divided the whole into Two Courses, as may be seen at the end of this Book, to save such Gentlemen as are Curious in Natural Philosophy, the Writing or Transcribing Processes. I have every much Enlarged the Courses, and have so ordered it, that the whole may be Finished in the space of one Year.  
I have all along studied Brevity, and therefore have rejected those things which are frivolous, or of little Use: And my Answer to them who found Fault with the Style is, Perspicuity was more my Endeavour than Ornament; thinking it sufficient in Matters of this Nature, if I can be understood without any difficulty.  
I shall say nothing of the Processes I have annexed, but leave them to the Public; only taking notice, That I have briefly given the Properperties, Use and Dose of each Medicine, that there might be nothing wanting to tender it Complete.   

The Contents.  

OF Lutes Page. 1  
Of the Degrees of Fire Page. 3  
Of the Terms that are used in Chemistry Page. 4   

Part I Of Metals and Minerals.  
Of Gold Page. 9  
Of Silver Page. 17  
Of Tin Page. 24  
Of Lead Page. 34  
Of Iron Page. 41  
Of Copper Page. 57  
Of Mercury Page. 65  
Of Antimony Page. 88  
Of Lapis Calaminaris Page. 119  
Of Vitriol Page. 122  
Of Sulphur Page. 136  
Of Arsenic Page. 151  
Of Salt Peter Page. 160  
Of Common Salt Page. 173  
Of Amber Page. 179  
Of Coral Page. 186  
Of Japan Earth Page. 191   

Part II Of Vegetables.  
Of Rhubarb Page. 198  
Of Guiacum Page. 200  
Of the Peruvian Bark Page. 204  
Of Sugar Page. 207  
Of Wine Page. 212  
Of Vinegar Page. 224  
Of Tartar Page. 227  
Of Aloes Page. 245  
Of Myrrh Page. 247  
Of Saffron Page. 251  
Of Elixirs Page. 253  
Of Opium Page. 264  
Of Essential Oils Page. 276  
Of Turpentine Page. 280  
Of Benjamin Page. 282  
Of Camphire Page. 286   

Part III Of Animals and Infects.  
Of Sal Armoniacum Page. 290  
Of Urine Page. 298  
Of Hartshorn Page. 304  
Of Viper's Page. 311  
Of Honey Page. 323  
Of Hoglices Page. 329  
Of Aunt's Page. 331  
Of Spanish Flies Page. 337    

There are several Erratas escaped the Press, those which corrupt the Sense are as follow.  
Page 9 line 10. read and for is, p. 13. l. 1. r. poured for pour, p. 42 the Process is misplaced, and should have come in after the Third. p. 64. l. 4. r. Copper for Powder, p. 66. penult. add put, p. 103. l. 13. add half, p. 105. l. ult. r. half a Drachm, p. 271. l. 9 deal both.   

The Introduction.  
AS in all Arts and Sciences whatever, there are certain Instruments and Terms of Art necessary to be known, before they can possibly be understood, so in Chemistry there are certain Requisites to every Operation before it can be performed, and these are,  
First, An Elaboratory, in the Erecting of which care aught to be taken that there be a good Light, plenty of Water, and large Chimneys, for the ready Conveyance of Obnoxious Fumes.  
Secondly, Instruments and Vessels, and these are of different sorts, and various Figures, according to their several uses: you will found the Description of those most in use, in the first Cutt of this Book.  
Thirdly, Furnaces, which are also of different Forms, some for moist, and others for dry Heats: the moist are Bal. Maris, Bal. Vaporos. etc. The dry are the Sand Furnaces, Reverberatories, or open Furnaces for naked Fire, etc. which may be seen at large in Chemical Authors. But I content myself with describing those that are necessary; they are in the Plates properly placed in this Treatise.  
Fourthly, Lutes.  
Fifthly, Degrees of Fire.  
Sixthly, Such Terms of Art as you will meet with in Chemical Authors; And,  
Seven, Such Characters as are dispersed in their Write.   

A Complete Course OF Chemistry.  


Of LUTES.  
To Defend a Glass in a naked Fire.  
TAKE Yarmouth-Sand, Scoria of Iron, Tobacco-Pipe-Clay, of each one Pound, Glass, and fixed Nitre, of each four Ounces, of course Tow, cut short, half a Pound; dissolve the Tobacco-Pipe-Clay in Water, and beaten the Glass and Scales of Iron to fine Powder; than mix all together, beat and work this mixture well, till it comes into a stiff Paste; spread it upon the Retort with a Knife, the thickness of Half a Crown, to the middle of the Neck of it; let it dry gently, after which you may use it.  
With this Lute you may fasten the Receivers in the Distillation of Corosive Spirits, viz. Ol. Vitrioli, Spirit of Nitre, Spirit of common Salt, Alum, Aqua Fortis, Aqua Regis, etc.  
To Lute Limbecks.  
Take Starch, Glue, Flower, and Water boiled, or Flower and Water well beaten together; any of these spread upon Slips of Paper will serve; but when you Distil, or Rectify Spirit of Verdigreece, Vinegar, Bohemian-tartar, Guiacum, Box, strong Spirit of Wine, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or Heart's Horn, etc. you may use slips of Bladder, or Parchment, dipped in equal parts of Flower, and slacked Lime, beaten into the Consistence of a Syrup, with the Glear, or white of an Egg.  
To Fortify cracked Glasses.  
Take the Scrape of hard Suffolk-Cheese, and Calx Vive, of each alike quantity, beaten them well together, with the White of an Egg, to the thickness of a Syrup; dip Linen Rags in this mixture, and lay it presently upon the crack. Remember you mix not more at a time, than you use in the space of a Minute.  
To Seal a Glass Hermetically, is to heat the Mouth of the Glass gradually, till it is read hot, and pliable, which you may do either with such a Lamp as the Goldsmith's use to Solder with, or by a clear Charcolefire, and with a pair of Pincers (being also read hot) nip it up so close, that no Air can pass in, or out.  
There are many other Lutes, but these are sufficient to carry on any Chemical Operation.   

Of the Degrees of Fire.  
THE several Heats required in Chemical Operations are as follow.  
Balneum Mariae, is warm or hot Water. Balneum Vaporosum, is the Steam or Vapour of Water. The Heat of Ashes, is sifted Ashes. The Heat of Sand is Sifted Sand. There is also an Heat of Filing of Iron, A Reverberating Heat, or naked Fire. And lastly, a Melting Fire. The Water, Ashes, Sand, and Filing of Iron, are contained in proper Vessels, made of Copper or Iron, and placed in Furnaces. The Reverberating, or open Fire, is made in the Furnace we call a Reverboratory, or open Furnace.  
All these Heats have their First, Second, Third, and Fourth Degrees of Fire.  
The First Degree, is a handful of small Cole, or three or four Charcoal, of the thickness of a Man's Finger, well kindled.  
The Second Degree, is six or seven such Charcoal kindled.  
The Third Degree, is such a one as will make the Fire-place of the Furnace, of a Worm read.  
The Fourth Degree, is such as will 'cause the Fire-place of the Furnace to be of a white Heat, or the most extreme Fire you can make.  
Of Dry Heats, Ashes is weakest, Sand stronger than Ashes, and Filing of Iron, stronger than Sand.   

Of such Terms as are used in Chemistry.  
A Malgama is to mix ☿ with ☉, ☽, ♄, or ♃, which is to be done thus:  
First, melt the ☉, ☽, or ♄, etc. so that it may but just flow, than heat the ☿ till it gins to Fume; and by little and little, pour the ☿ to the melted Metal, and stir them about with a warm Iron Rodriguez, till they are Incorporated: If you would make the Amalgama so hard as to beaten into a Powder, you must take three parts of the hard Metal, to two parts of ☿: If you would have it so soft as to spread, you must take two or three parts of ☿, to one part of the hard Metal.  
Alcohol is to reduce any Substantial Matter into an Impalpable Powder; also, very high Rectified Spirit of Wine, is called Alcohol.  
Cement, is to stratify Lamels of Gold with a Paste, made of one part Sal Armoniac, two parts common Salt, and four parts Tobacco-Pipe-Clay, or Tobacco-Pipes beaten to Powder, moistened with a sufficient quantity of Urinal: This is called the Royal Cement.  
Coagulate, is to Evapourate a Liquid to a Substantial Mass.  
Circulation, is a Motion given to Liquors, contained in a double Vessel, or Circulating Glass, excited by Heat to Ascend and Descend.  
Cohobate, is to return the Liquor which has been Distilled, upon the Matter remaining in the Vessel, after Distillation.  
Congeal, is to let a Metal, Wax, or Fat, which is melted, to fix, or cool, when taken from the Fire.  
Detonation, is a Noise that is made when the Sulphureous Parts of any Mixture rush forth with Impetuosity; it's also called Fulmination.  
Digestion, is some Matter put into a Menstruum, to infuse in a gentle Heat.  
Distillation per Ascensum, is when the Fire is made under that which is to be Distilled.  
Distillation per Descensum, is when the Matter which is to be Distilled, is placed under the Fire, by which the Spirits are Precipitated and Forced downwards.  
Dissolution, is to reduce any hard Body into a Liquor, by the help of a proper Menstruum.  
Edulcorate, is to sweeten, or make insipid, some Matter which is Impregnated with Salts, by washing it with Distilled, or Fountainwater.  
Effervescency, is the Ebullition of a Liquor by boiling; or when two Liquors of a contrary Nature are put together, which cause Ebullition without separating the parts.  
Fermentation, is an Ebullition raised by Spirits that endeavour to separate themselves from the Body, but meeting with Earthy Parts that oppose their Passage, they swell, and rarify the Liquor till they found their way out: In this Separation of Parts, the Spirits divide in such a manner, as to make the Matter of another Nature than it was before  
Filtration, is to purify a Liquor by passing it through a brown Paper; or lay stripes of Cotton or Woollen in the Vessel which contains the foul Water, to the middle of the stripes, the other end hanging over the Vessel, which receives the filtered Liquor.  
Fumigation, is to make one thing receive the Fume of another.  
Granulation, is to pour a melted Metal through a new Birch Broom, or Brass or Iron Culender, into cold Water.  
Levigation, is to grinned any hard Matter into an impalpable Powder upon a Marble.  
Menstruum, is any Liquor capable of dissolving Metals, Minerals, Gums, or any other hard Substance into a Liquor.  
Mortification, is to change the outward Form of a Mixture, as ☿, etc. Also Spirits being mixed with other things which deprive them of their Strength.  
Putrefaction, is the Corruption of any mixed Body, whether by the Air, or other Mixtures, and which always emitts a smell different from the Body before it was Corrupted.  
Projection, is to put into a hot Crucible, by little and little, any Matter. Also to put a small quantity of something, to a greater quantity of a Metal, to Meliorate the Metal.  
Rectification, is to Distil Spirits after their first Distillation, in order to separate from them such Heterogenous Matters have risen with them in their first Distillation.  
Reverberation, is to make the Flames of the Fire beaten upon the Matter which is Reverberated.  
Revivification, is to reduce any Preparation of ☿, into its Form again.  
Sublimation, is to elevate any Volatile Matter, into the upper part of such Vessels as contain them, by heat of Fire.  
Stratification, is to lay two different things, bed upon bed, or lay upon lay, one over another.  
Precipitation, is to make any Matter dissolved, fall to the bottom of the Vessel, by putting something into the Dissolution, which is more agreeable to the Menstruum.  
The Principles of Minerals in the Ours,  
(Not to say any thing of the Universal First Matter of Things, not Specificate) are Argent Vive, and Sulphur; out of these Two are all Metals Generated, and all Mercurial Minerals, of which there are many and divers Species, and by the endeavours of Nature, all tending to the Perfection of Gold, but by different Accidents hindered, or at lest retarded, in their attaining to the intended Perfection, for according to the Purity, or Impurity of these Two, are different Metals produced.    


CHAP. 1. Of GOLD.  
GOLD, the Purest of all Metals, is by Nature Generated of a most Pure Fixed ☿, and a small quantity of clean fixed Sulphur, of most pure Redness, which tingeth the ☿: That it is most Mercurial, appears by its easy Conjunction with, and Reception of pure ☿; that this ☿ is Fixed, and clear from all Operations upon it by Fire; that the Sulphur of it is tinging, is manifest by this, That joined rightly with pure ☿, it transforms, or changeth its Colour, into a most pure Red; that it hath greater quantity of ☿ than Sulphur, is clear from its ready admission, and reception of ☿.  
It is a most Noble Subject for Medicine, in the hands of an Expert Artist; witness Dr. Anthony's Aurum Potabile.  

Purification of Gold.  
Put one Ounce of Gold into a Crucible; when it is read hot, put to it Reg. Antimony three Ounces; let them melt together in a strong Fire, till little sparkles fly about in the Crucible, than cast out the Golden Reg. into a little Cone, or let it stand in the Crucible till it is cold; than beaten of the Scoria, and put the Reg. into a Crucible, and set it again in the Furnace to melt; when it is in Fusion, cast upon it two Drams of Salt Peter, and a quarter of an Hour after that, cast two Drams more of Salt Peter, and so do the third time, still keeping it melting, till you perceive it emits no Fumes, than pour it into an Ingot, and beaten the Scoria of from the Gold. It is than perfectly Fine, and fit for any Operation.  
There are other Purification of Gold, viz. per Cupel, Cement, etc. but this is the best.   

Amalgamation of Gold.  
Take of Fine Gold half an Ounce, beaten it into thin Plates, heat them read hot in a Crucible, put to it of clean ☿ (first made hot in a Curcible) two Ounces, and stir them about together with a hot Iron Rodriguez till they grow cool; than wash them in a Stone Mortar, with clean Salt and warm Water, till the Amalgama will emit no blackness; this done, it is pure: But if it be too soft for your purpose, you may squeeze some ☿ from it, through a Diaper Cloth.  
If you would reduce the Gold into an Impalpable Powder, put the Amalgama into an unglazed Dish or Poringer, place it over a gentle Fire, and the ☿ will ascend in a Fume, and leave the Gold in an Impalpable Powder.   

Aurum Fulminans.  
Take what quantity of Gold you please, in thin plates, File dust, or small Granules, put it in a separating Glass, or any other convenient one; pour upon it, by little at a time, four times its quantity of Aqua Regis, or Spirit of Nitre, Bezoardick; place the Glass on warm Sand, and let it there continued till all the Gold is dissolved; than put the Dissolution into five or six times its weight of clean Water, mix them well by shaking, than drop to the Solution Oil of Bohemian-tartar, per deliquiem, or Spirit of Sal Armoniac, made with Salt of Bohemian-tartar, or Pot-Ashes, till the Ebullition is over, than let it stand ten or twelve Hours, for the Gold to precipitate, and than pour of the Water by gentle Inclination; wash it with several clean Waters, till the Golden Calx is insipid; dry it in a gentle Heat, between clean Paper, and keep for use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic.  
It's Dose from five to twenty five Gr. given in Pestilential Fevers, and Smallpox, with good Success, and is often given to those who have too much ☿ in them.  
N. B. That you be careful in drying of it, jest in take Fire.   

Aurum Potabile, as I Prepared it for the Chief Physician of a Great Prince, 1692.  
I Dissolved four Ounces of Gold (purified as before) in one Pound of Bezoart. Spirit of Nitre, and drew the Spirit from the Gold in a Heat of Sand, returned the same Spirit upon the Gold, and Distilled it of again. I made the Second Cohobation with the same Spirit, as also the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Cohobation, with one Pound of New Spirit of Nitre Bezoart. And likewise the Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Cohobation, with one Pound more of New Bezoart. Spirit of Nitre.  
Whilst I was doing this, I made the Oil of Chalk thus: I took half a Pound of clean Chalk, scraped it, and dried it before the Fire in an Earthen Dish, than put it into a Cucurbit, and pour upon it, by little and little, one Pound and half of Spirit of Nitre, which dissolved the greater part of the Chalk. I Filtered the Dissolution, put it into a Retort, and Distilled it in Sand; that which Distilled from it came of almost Insipid; I dissolved that which remained in the Retort, in part of the Phlegm which I drew of from it; it set new Feces; I Filtered the Dissolution again, and Filtered, and Exsiccated, as before; I dissolved it again in the Phlegm which came of, it than totally dissolved, without any Feces; I Exsiccated it again, and mixed of it, and the aforesaid Calx of Gold, ana, and ground them extremely well together in a clean Marble Mortar, with a Glass Pestle.  
I than divided the whole Matter into equal parts, and with one Part I ground double its weight of purified Salt Peter, and with the other part triple its weight of Sal Armoniac Sublimed twice, and equal its weight of Stellate Regulus Martis, in subtle Powder; each Parcel being well mixed by a long Trituration; I put this Mixture in a Retort; placed it in a Sand Furnace, made gradual Fire under it for eight Hours, and kept it two Hours longer in the most extreme degree of Fire; the Shall Armoniac rose into the neck of the Retort, so much Impregnated with the Sulphur of Gold, that it was as read as Blood.  
The other Mixture of Golden Calx and Nitre, I put into a read hot Crucible, by a quarter of a Spoonful at a time, ceasing one Minute between each Projection; when all was in, I gave it a strong melting Fire for three Hours, and before it was cold, made it into Powder in a clean, warm, Iron Mortar, and put it presently into a clean and dry Cucurbit, and put so much highly Rectified Tartarised Spirit of Wine upon it, as to appear four Fingers above the Mixture, than inverted another Glass into the Mouth of the Cucurbit, to make it a Circulating Vessel, and let it stand in a simmering Heat for twenty four Hours, in which time the Spirit of Wine was well tinged, I decanted it, and put on more Spirit of Wine, and let it stand twenty four Hours in the same manner as before, and so did the third time, but than it took but little Tincture.  
I ordered the Sublimed and Impregnated Sal Armoniac, with Spirit of Wine, as I did the other; I put the Tinctures of each parcel apart, into Cucurbits, adapted Heads and Receivers to them, and in a gentle Heat drew of the Spirit of Wine, not leaving above eight Ounces in each Glass, both the Tinctures were deeply tinged, of which I gave a part to the Gentleman that Employed me, who seemed to receive them with great Satisfaction, and Gratified me generously.  
The Operation of both the Tinctures are Diaphoretic, and esteemed great Cordials.  
Their Dose from five to twenty five, or thirty Drops, in a Glass of Spanish, or French Wine, or any other Vehicle, even to Water.  
They are good in Cachexies, Consumptions, all sorts of Fevers, and to such whose Bodies have been overcharged with Mercurials.  
N. B. The several Cohobations are to Subtilise the Gold; the Calcined and Purified Chalk is mixed with it for a Bowl, which by that Purification is Subtilised sufficiently to mix with the Minute Particles of the Gold, the better to make it give forth its Sulphur to the Menstruum. In its Fusion with the Salt Peter; it emits its pure Sulphur into the Nitre, the more gross part falling to the bottom in a Regulus.  
It's being Projected into the Crucible, in so little a quantity at a time, and so leisurely, is to prevent its boiling over, which it would do by too hasty Projections.  
It's being mixed with clean Sal Armoniac, is to 'cause its pure Sulphur to sublime, it being the nature of Sal Armoniac to carry up Metallick Sulphurs'.  
The Tinctures are taken each by themselves, that the Physician may use them alone, or mixed, as he pleases.  
When we reduced the Gold, we had three Ounces, three Scruples, two Drams, and five Grains; of a little paler Colour than it was at our first Dissolution of it.    

CHAP. II Of SILVER.  
SILVER, or Luna, is Generated or Produced by Nature, of pure Mercury, and a pure clean, and fixed white Sulphur, but comes not yet up to the Purity and Fixation of Gold; as is evident by its Diminution in the Fire, as also of its Sulphur, which is neither fully fixed, nor incombustible. But though its Sulphur, compared with that of Gold, cannot properly be said to be fixed, yet with respect to other Metals, it may be called Fixed and Incombustible.  

Preparations of Silver.  
Purification by the Cupel.  
SET a Cupel, made of Bone-Ashes, in a Melting Furnace; make a gradual Fire to it, till the Crucible is read hot; and to every Ounce of Silver you design to Purify, put four Ounces of Lead. When it is melted, put in your Silver to the middle of the Test, keeping still a good Fire about it (under a Muffle) till you see the Silver lie like a Polished Lump in the middle of the Test. Than let it cool, and beaten it from the Test, and it is perfect, fine, and fit for any Physical Preparation.   

Crystals of Silver.  
TAke of the Cupeled Silver, what quantity you please, put it into a Separating Glass, or Cucurbit, and put to it four times its weight of good Aqua Fortis; set them in Sand, over a gentle Fire, till the Silver is dissolved, than Evaporate two Thirds of the Liquor, and set it in a cold place to shoot into Crystals.   

The Infernal Stone, or Silver Caustick.  
TAke of the Crystals of Silver one Ounce, put them in a Crucible which is capable of containing five or six times their quantity, by reason they are apt to boil and swell: You must give a very gentle Heat till the Ebullition is over, than increase the Fire a little, till the Silver sinks, and flows like Oil, and cast it into a warm greased Ingot; keep it in a Box, with some Cotton, in a dry place.   

The Silver Pill.  
Dissolve one Ounce of Refined Silver in three Ounces of Spirit of Nitre, in a Matras; Distil of all the Spirit of Nitre to dryness, than dissolve the Matter remaining, in as much Rose-water as it requires; Filter and Evaporate again to dryness. Than take two Ounces of Refined Sal Prunella, and grinned it well with the Lunar Calx, in a Marble Mortar, with a Glass Pestle, and put to it again as much Rose-water, as is fit to dissolve it; Filter and Evaporate again to dryness. When it is cold, put it again into a Marble Mortar, and add two Ounces of the finest Wheat-Flower; grinned them well together, with a sufficient quantity of Rose-water, to make them into Pills, of the bigness of a small Pea; when the Pills are formed, dry them between Papers, and keep in a wooden Box for Use.  
Their Operation is Cathartick, and Diuretic.  
They are given in all Distempers of the Head; and very successfully in Dropsies.  
Their Dose is from half a Pill, to one Pill and an half, or two Pills.   

The Precipitation, and Tincture of Silver.  
Dissolve one Ounce of Fine Silver, in three Ounces of Spirit of Nitre, in a Glass Vessel, placed upon warm Sand; when it is dissolved, put it into sixteen Ounces of Filtered Salt Brine: The Silver will precipitate in a white Powder; let it stand two Hours to settle, than pour of the Water by Inclination; wash the Lunar Calx with warm Fountain Water, till it is insipid; than dry it upon clean Paper; when it is dry, put it into a Matrass, and pour upon it twelve Ounces of Spirit of Wine, to which put half an Ounce of Volatile Salt of Urinal; stop the Matrass with another Glass, fitting its Mouth; Lute the Joint with Bladder dipped in the white of an Egg, beaten well with a little Water, than set it in a gentle Heat twelve or fifteen Days, shaking it about once in twenty four Hours; in which time it will have acquired a Sky-coloured Tincture: When cold, Un-lute the Glass, Filter the Tincture, and keep for use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic, and Diuretic. It is given in Apoplexies, Epilepsies, Palsies, and all Distempers of the Head.  
It's Dose is from five to twenty five, or thirty Drops, in any proper Vehicle.  
The Calx remaining in the Cucurbit, may be reduced into Silver again, by mixing it with equal its weight of Charcoal Dust, and a fourth of its weight of Borax, giving them a good Fluxing Fire in a Crucible.   

Diana's, or the Philosophical Silver Tree.  
DIssolve one Ounce of Fine Silver, in three Ounces of Rectified Spirit of Nitre; pour the Dissolution into a Matrass, in which there is a Pint of Clean Fountainwater, and two Ounces of clean Crude ☿; let the Matrass be no bigger than to contain this quantity; cover it loosely with some Glass, to keep out the dust, and set it by in some place where it may not be moved for five or six Weeks; in which time you will see an Idea, or Representation, of a Tree, spreading forth its Branches, with little knobs at their ends, resembling Fruit.  
Another Curiosity of this Nature may be performed, with a Dissolution of Silver in Spirit of Nitre, and Distilled Vinegar; but neither of them being of any other Use, this will be sufficient at this time.   

Observations.  
MAke all the Dissolutions of ☽, 
Dissolution.  or any other Metal, or Mineral, with Aqua Fortis, in a Chimney, to avoid the Nitrous Fumes which are hurtful to the Head.  
Lead is made use of to Separate such base Metals, as Superficially adhere to the Silver. 
Purification.  For being full of Sulphureous Parts, it readily absorbs, and sucks up the base Metals, which also abound with foul Sulphurs', and will not permit them to enter the close Pores of the ☽.  
The Test is made of Bone-Ashes, 
The Test.  because these Ashes contain no fixed Salt; and therefore is Porous enough to suck in the Lead, with the base Metals, which adhered to the Superficies of the Silver.  
The Crystals, 
Crystal.  or Vitriol of Silver, receive their Cathartick Quality from the purified Sal Prunella, with which they are mixed. For the sharp Points of the Spirit of Nitre, which adhere to the Lunar Crystals, are blunted by the Sal Prunella, which makes them slide through the Bowels, which otherwise would Corrode them, and be as Fiery a Caustick, as the Infernal Stone.  
The Precipitated ☽ cannot be totally Separated from the Nitrous Spirits, 
Precipit.  by washing, therefore the Tincture is not (as some fancy) the pure Sulphur of ☽ Separated from its Terrestreous and Saline Parts, by the Spirit of Wine, and Salt of Urinal; but it is part of the Lunar Calx, dissolved by the Spirit of Nitre, which sticks to the Particles of the Calx, and so Communicates that Skye-colour to the Menstruum; for I have more than once Reduced that Tincture into Malleable Silver.  
The Philosophical Tree is a Chrystallization of the dissolved Metals, 
Diana's Tree.  which in five or six Weeks time will appear of different Forms, according as the quantity of Water, and Capaciousness of the Vessel which contains it. For, if there be too little Water, it will be a confused Lump of Crystals; if too much, it will fall into a Precipitate.  
The Dissolution of Silver is several ways Precipitated (viz.) by a Lixivious, Urinous, or common Salt, and by Plates of Copper. And again, Copper will be Precipitated by Iron; and that again by Lapis Calaminaris; and the Lapis Calaminaris will be Precipitated by a Lixivium of fixed Nitre, or Salt of Bohemian-tartar; and that Lixivium, by Evaporation, will become common Salt Peter again.    

CHAP. III Of TIN.  
TIN is a soft Metal, of a shining blue Colour, containing a Mercury something purer than other Ignoble Metals. It is more Soft and Volatile than Copper or Steel; more Fixed than Led, and more Crude than Silver. All its Preparations are accounted Specific, for Diseases of the Liver and Matrix.  

Purgation of Tin.  
PUT what quantity of Tin you please in a little Pan of Iron; set it over the Fire, and when it gins to melt, put to it some Hog's Lard, Wax, or Honey, stir them about with a wooden, or Iron Spatula, and than cast them into hot Water; Repeat this two or three times, by which the Tin will be cleansed from some of its foul Sulphur, and made more bright and hard than it was before.   

To Reduce Tin into a Powder.  
MELT half a Pound in a Crucible, and pour it into a round wooden Box, cover it close, and shake it about till it is cold; some part of it will be in a grey Powder, which put by; that Part which remains in Solid Metal, melt again, and put it in the Box, shaking it, as before. Repeat the same Operation, till you have as much of the Tin Pulverised, as you desire.   

Amalgamation of Tin.  
MELT what quantity of Tin you please in a Crucible; put the same quantity of Mercury in another Crucible; let the Mercury stand in the Fire, till it gins to Crackle and Fume; than pour it out to the melted Tin, and stir them about with a small Iron Rodriguez, till they are cold. If you would have the Amalgama so hard as to beaten into Powder, one Part of Mercury will be enough for two Parts of Tin; but if you would have it soft, you may put two Parts of Mercury to one Part of Tin.   

Calcination of Tin.  
PUT what quantity you please of Tin in an Iron Dripping-Pan, Place it in a Reverberating Oven, and make such a Fire, as to keep it melting read hot, every now and than stirring of it with an Iron Spatula, full of holes, the better to break the Tin, and forward its Calcination; this you may continued till you have a sufficient Quantity for your use.   

Salt of Tin.  
TAke what quantity you please of the aforesaid Calcined Tin, and Reverberate it yet two or three Hours longer, stirring it all the time, till it becomes more white than it was in the First Calcination; than put it into a Pewter, or Glass Vessel, and to each Pound of the Calx of Tin, put ten Pound of Distilled Vinegar; let them stand (now and than stirring them about) in a small Heat of Sand, till the Vinegar has acquired a sweet Taste; than Decant, and Filter the Liquor, and set it to Evaporate in a Pewter Bason, and when you see a Film appear upon the Surface of the Liquor, pour it into a Glass Funnel (the Hole of it being stopped with a Cork) and set it in a cold place to shoot into Salt; you may Evapourate and Crystallise the remaining Liquor after the same manner.   

Sublimation of Tin.  
MIX one part of Tin with two Parts of clean Sal Armoniac; both being made into Fine Powder, and well mixed, put them into an Earthen Cucurbit, which will endure the Fire; but above two Thirds must remain empty: Place it upon an Iron Bar, in an open Furnace, which must be set nine or ten Inches above the Grate; and a third part of the Cucurbit remain above the top of the Furnace: Inclose the lower part of the Cucurbit with Tiles and Lute, leaving three or four Registers at an equal Distance one from another, to give Air to the Fire; than fit to the Mouth of the Cucurbit, two or three Aludels, and a blind Head; Lute them, and kindle the Fire, and increase it gradually, till the lower part of the Pot is read hot, in which state keep it, till you perceive the Aludels and Head cool; than Un-lute the Aludels carefully, without shaking, and wipe of the Sublimate which adhere to them, and also that which sticks to the upper part of the Cucurbit.   

The Magistery of Tin.  
DIssolve the aforesaid Sublimate in clean warm Water; Filter the Dissolution, and precipitate it with Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or Ol. Tartar, per deliqui●m. The Precipitate will be very white, which must be washed with several Waters, ●ill the Calx is insipid; than dry it gently between Papers, and put it up for use.  
It is a good Fucus, and used in Pomatums, or Washeses.   

Flowers of Tin.  
TAke one part of the Powder of Tin, and two parts of Salt Peter; mix them very well; than have ready an unglased Cucurbit, with a Hole in its middle, by which the Mixture must be Projected: let the Furnace be of a fit proportion, so that there may be two Inches clear between the Pot, and sides of the Furnace. Place it upon an Iron Bar, six or seven Inches distant from the Grate; Fit it in with Tiles, and Lute, as you did in the Sublimation; have also a Stople fitted to the Hole in the middle of the Pot. When the Pot is fitted into the Furnace, fit to it (and Lute the Joints well) three or four Aludels, and to the uppermost, a Head with a Beak, to which a Receiver must be fitted. Kindle the Fire, and when the bottom of the Pot is read hot, cast about half an Ounce of the Mixture into the Hole, which presently must be stopped; a Detonation will follow; when it is over, project another half Ounce, and so continued (still keeping up the Fire) till all the Mixture is in; than let all cool, and Un-lute the Vessels carefully, and wipe of the Flowers upon clean Paper; put them in a clean Vessel, and wash them with Fountain Water till they are tasteless; dry them gently between Paper; when dry, put them up in a Vial for use. They are very white, and serve for the same use with the former.  
In the Receiver you will found a Nitrous Spirit; and in the bottom of the Pot, you will have a hard Lump, which is the grosser part of the Tin, and fixed Nitre: By boiling, or steeping of it in warm Water, you will have the Water Impregnated with the Salt Peter, which you may Evapourate to Dryness, or 'cause it to dissolve per deliquium.  
The Jovial Calx being washed sweet, and dried, serves to be used in Desiccative Unguents.  
Some there are who pretend to order the Flowers, and fixed Powder of Tin, so as to whiten Copper.   

The Gummy Smoking Oil of TIN.  
TAke one part of Powder of Tin, and three parts of Mercury Sublimate, mix them quickly, and put them in a Retort; place it in Sand, and Lute a large Receiver to it; give it a gentle Fire, which will bring over a Smoking Spirit, when those Fumes decrease: augment the Fire a little, and a Butter, or Gum will ascend into the Neck of the Retort; at last let the Fire be increased two or three Hours, to the fourth Degree, and Crude Mercury will ascend, with a good part of the Tin, in grey Flowers; separate the Mercury, and put all the rest of that which is Sublimed, in a Tin Pan, to dissolve in the Air, into an Oil, per deliquium.   

Aurum Mosaicum.  
TAke of ☿, ♃, 🜹, and Flowers of Sulphur, ana four Ounces; Let them all be made clean, and grinned them in a Marble Mortar, till they are perfectly mixed: Than put them into a Bolt Head, set it in a Sand Furnace; give it gradual Fire, to the third degree; in which keep it two Hours; than increase the Fire to the fourth Degree, and keep it so one Hour longer: When all is cold, break the Glass; you will found a dirty Sublimate, which put away, and the Aurum Mosaicum will remain in the bottom of the Matrass. You must Amalgamate the Tin and Mercury to grinned with the Sulphur and Sal Armoniac.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic; and is Administered against Hypochondriack Distempers, Fits of the Mother, and the Venerial Pox.  
It's Dose from ten Grains, to half a Drachm.   

Observations.  
IT is poured into hot Water, 
Purification.  the better to separate the Fat from it, which you mix with it in its Purification.  
The Amalgama of Tin and Mercury aught to be washed in several Waters warmed, to take away its blackness. 
Amalgamation.   
If you design to make Salt of the Calcined Tin, 
Salt.  you must put it in an Iron flat Pan, and Reverberate it two or three Hours longer, till it inclines to a whitish grey Colour.  
In its Sublimation you aught to take care that the Sal Armoniac be clean, 
Sublimation.  otherways some Particles of Dirt, which has accidentally adhered to the Shall Armoniac, may discolour the Flowers.  
In the Precipitation of its Magistery, 
Precipitation.  you may use Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or Ol. Tart. per deliquium, indifferently; for they both being Alkaliss, weaken the Acid Spirit of Sal Armoniac, so that it lets fall the Tin which was Dissolved by it.  
In the Sublimation of its Flowers I have sometimes used one Part and a half of Salt Peter, 
Sublimation.  to one Part of Tin, and sometimes three Parts of Nitre, to one of Tin; but I found by Experience, two Parts of Nitre, to one Part of Tin, to be the best Proportion; for if there be too much Nitre, there wants Sulphur to give Flagration, to raise the Flowers; and if there be too little Nitre, there will not be of the Nitrous Spirit sufficient to raise them. Also Note, That where the Powder of Tin is to be used, it is indifferent whether it be that made by shaking in a Box, or a hard Amalgamation beaten to Powder, or fine Filing of Tin.  
In your Mixture of Tin, 
Smoking Spirit.  and Mercury Sublimate, for the Smoking Spirit, you must immediately put them into the Retort, otherways they will attract Air, and grow clammy, and be troublesome to put in.  
It's Stench is very Offensive, 
Aurum Mosaicum:  but not Pernicious; To avoid the Offence, set it to work in a Chimney: The Degrees of Fire is the greatest Secret in the making this Medicine, which observe thus; Keep it in the First Degree one Hour; in the Second Degree two Hours; in the Third Degree Two Hours; and in the Fourth Degree one Hour.  
There is also a Magistery of Tin, made by dissolving it in Aqua Regis; Pour four Ounces of the Dissolution, into half a Pound of clean Water, it will immediately turn white; Let it be in a Vessel which will contain three or four Pints; Than put to it (gradually) so much Spirit of Sal Armoniac, till the Ebullition ceases; a white curdly Matter will Precipitate; wash that Precipitate with clean Water, till all its Acrimony is go, and dry it gently; This Magistery will more readily dissolve in Distilled Vinegar, and make a better Salt of Tin, than that Calx made by Calcination.  
The Aqua Regis is made of three Parts Spirit of Nitre, and one Part of Sublimed Sal Armoniac.    

CHAP. IU. Of Lead, or Saturn.  
LEAD, or Saturn, is a foul Metallick Body, and Imperfect, Composed of an Argent Vive impure, not Fixed, and Feculent, somewhat white outwardly, but inwardly read, and of a Sulphur in part combustible; It wants Purity, Fixation, Colour, and Ignition, yielding to an Expert Physician Excellent Medicines.  

Purification of Lead.  
IT is Purified, by melting with Honey, Wax, or Fat, and pouring them into hot Water, in the same manner as you do Tin.   

Calcination of Lead.  
IT is Calcined in an Iron Pan, being kept read hot, and stirring with an Iron Spatula, after the same manner as you did Tin, till it comes into an Ash-coloured Calx. This Ashy Calx being put to Reverberate three or four Hours longer, becomes Read, and is called Read Lead, or Minium. The White Lead, or Ceruse, is made of Plates of Lead, by the Steem of Vinegar, after this manner: They put into a Glazed Earthen Pot Plates of Lead, so that they may lie hollow, either by hanging them upon a Wire, or otherways, and setting them in a Bed of Horse-dung (with a sufficient quantity of Vinegar in the Pot) for three Weeks, or a Month's time. When they are taken out, beaten of what is Calcined, and put the rest into the Pots again with New Vinegar, and order them as before, till all is brought into Ceruse. Lead is also Calcined by Spirit of Nitre, Aqua Fortis, Aqua Regis, Spirit of Salt, or any other Corrosive.  
lethargy is made by the Refiners, when they Refine great Quantities of Silver; that which is of a Pale Colour, they call lethargy of Silver, and that of Yellow or Read, Litharge of Gold.  
Burned Led, or Plumbum Vstum, is made by mixing two Parts Led, and one Part Sulphur (the Lead in Filing, and Sulphur in Powder) put in a Pot, and set in a Fire to burn, as long as any combustible Sulphur is left.   

Sugar of Lead.  
TAke of lethargy, Read, or White Lead, what Quantity you please, Powder it, and put it into a Pewter, Glass or Earthen Vessel, and put to it eight times its weight of Distilled Vinegar: An Ebullition will appear upon their Mixture: Stir them well about; than set them upon a digesting Furnace in Sand; Let them stand in Warmth three or four Days, two or three times in a Day stirring them well with a clean Stick, when the Vinegar will have acquired a Sweetness; Pour of the Impregnated Vinegar by gentle Inclination, and Filter it; than put it to Evapourate in a Pewter Bason, till a Film appears upon the Surface of the Liquor; Than put it in a Glass Funnel (the small End being stopped with a Cork) and set in a cool place to shoot; When it has stood so twenty four Hours, pull out the Cork, and let the Liquor, which is not Coagulated, run from the Sugar of Lead.  
This Liquor is called Honey of Lead, which you may make into Sugar, by Evapouration and Chrystallization, or keep to make the Balsam or Magistery, as followeth.  
Drop Oil of Bohemian-tartar, by Dissolution, into the Honey of Lead, and a white Powder will fall to the bottom; which Powder must be washed sweet, and kept for Use, which is the same of the Magistery of Tin.  
The Balsam, or Butter of Lead, is made by mixing the Honey of Lead with its equal weight of Salad Oil; Beaten them well together, till they are united in the Consistence of a Balsam.  
It is used in Scalds and Burns.   

The Balsam of Lead, with Oil of Turpentine.  
PUT what Quantity of Sugar of Led you please, into a Matrass; Put upon it four times its weight of Oil of Turpentine: Let them stand in a gentle Heat of Digestion, Forty Eight Hours, shaking them about three or four times a Day: In that time the Oil will be well tinged; Pour it of from what remains undissolved, by gentle Inclination; Put the Impregnated Oil of Turpentine into a Retort, and draw two Thirds off in a gentle Heat of Sand; that which remains in the Retort, is the Balsam, which keep in a Vial well stopped, for Use.  
It is accounted an Excellent Medicine for Healing and Sicatrizing Ulcers. It is also used with good Success in Cancers, they being touched with it once in twelve Hours.   

The Burning Spirit of Lead.  
MIX what Quantity of Sugar of Led you please, with three times its weight of Fuller's Earth, Powder of Bricks, or Tobacco-Pipes clean burnt, and beaten to Powder; Put them into a coated Retort, of which one third must be empty; Place it in an open Furnace, fit a Receiver to it without Luting, and make a very gentle Fire under it, to draw of the Phlegm: When the Drops begin to Taste, Lute well the Joints of the Receiver, and increase the Fire a little, till whitish Clouds come into it, and as you found the Fumes to abate, increase the Fire to the most Extreme Degree, till no more Fumes appear in the Receiver: Than take of the Receiver, and put all the Liquor into a clean Retort, or a Body with its Head placed in Sand. Lute the Joints well, and make under it a gentle Fire, which will drive over its ardent Spirit, in an imperceptible subtle Vapour; After that will rise a Liquor (a little tinging) which some call The Yellow Oil of Saturn, and will appear in little obliqne Veins: After that the Phlegm will rise in straight Veins, and in the bottom will remain that which is called The Read Oil of Saturn. These Substances aught to be Separated by Changing the Receiver in the Rectification.  
The Burning Spirit is Diaphoretic, and is given in the Plague, Burning Fevers, Small Pox, and Venerial Pox, and in Hypocondriack Melancholy.  
It's Dose is from ten, to twenty five, or thirty drops.   

Observations.  
THE Pouring it into hot Water, 
Purification.  is to Separate the Fat from it.  
It gains Weight by Calcination, because a greater quantity of Igneous Particles Insinuate themselves into the Lead, 
Calcination.  than the Sulphureous ones the Fire drive out. For in Calcination, the Acid of the Fire, joins itself to the Alkali of the Lead, and having driven away its combustible Sulphur, makes a new and incombustible Body.  
White Led also gains in its weight by the Acid Particles of Vinegar, and burnt Lead by those of Sulphur.  
Any of these Saturnine Calxes will make Salt; 
Salt.  but I have found the Flake-Lead, as they beaten it of the Corroded Flakes, to serve best. You may have it at the Colour-mens' for 6 d. per l.  
Pewter Vessels are best both to Evaporate and Digest the Distilled Vinegar, and Led in; Earthen Vessels suck up too much of the Liquor, and in Glass Vessels it requires more time, and is in danger of breaking. And, besides, its Evaporation in a Pewter Bason, makes it shoot better into Crystals.  
I mix Bole with the Salt, to keep it from melting, 
●urning Spirit.  so it will the better emit its Spirit.  
All Calxes of Lead may be reduced into Solid Lead again, by melting, with Charcole-Dust, and Nitre.    

CHAP. V Of IRON.  
MARS, or Iron, is a foul, imperfect Metal, Generated of impure Mercury and Sulphur, full of Earth, and strongly United by the Nature of its Parts, but wanting Fusion and Weight. However, when it is well prepared, it yields many Excellent Medicines both for Internal and External Use.  

Preparations of Iron.  
Dr. Willis his Preparation of Steel.  
TAke clean Filing of Iron, and Cream of Bohemian-tartar in Fine Powder, of each alike quantity; mix them well, and make them into a Paste, with Whitewine. Than set them to dry in the Sun, or other gentle Heat; break it, and if it has not acquired a greenish Colour, Powder it, moisten, and dry it again, as before.   

Another opening Crocus with Sulphur.  
ANother opening Crocus is Prepared with Sulphur; by mixing equal Parts of Filing of Steel, and Sulphur in Powder, and burning them in a flat-bottomed Earthen, or Iron Pan, continually stirring them with a Spatula, till they come into a Subtle Powder, which will be black, and is Steel Prepared with Sulphur. This Prepared Steel being mixed with more Sulphur, and Fired, as before, and continued in Agitation, will acquire a Saffron-Colour.  
It's Use and Dose, as the former.   

Crocus Martis Aperiens.  
TAke Filing of Iron, what quantity you please, moisten them with Rain-water, and dry them in the Sun, or at a gentle Fire; when they are dry, moisten them again, and dry as before: Repeat this five or six times, and the Filing will be in a Subtle Powder, which is called the opening Saffron of Mars.  
You may Expose Filing of Iron to the Air, where Dew may fall upon it, and dry it, as before; this being repeated fourteen or fifteen times, the Mars will be converted into a Subtle Powder, which is called Crocus Martis.  
Both these Powders are Opening, and given with good Success in the Green Sickness, Stoppage of Terms, and in Dropsies.  
It's Dose from five Grains, to two Scruples, or fifty Grains.   

An Aperitive Crocus, in the making of Ens Martis.  
TAke the Cap. Mort. of Ens Martis, Put it into a large Crucible; Set it in a Melting-Furnace, with a good Fire about it; Keep stirring till it has done Fuming.  
Any of the aforesaid Crocuses, after being sprinkled with Vinegar, and being Reverberated three or four Hours, are accounted Binding, and are given in Diarrhaea's, Spitting of Blood, Immoderate Hemorhoids, and Terms.  
The Dose from fifteen Grains, to fifty or sixty Grains.   

Crocus Martis Astringens.  
IT is made by Reverberating Filing of Iron, in the Flame of a Wood Fire, for sixteen or twenty Hours. Some advice to stir it once in two or three Hours; but this is troublesome, and after all, it is no better than those which went before, and useful generally for the same Purposes.   

Salt, or Vitriol of Steel.  
TAke four Ounces of Iron, and sprinkle upon, or moisten them with two Ounces of Oil of Vitriol: Put them into a Matrass, and let them stand a quarter of an Hour: Than put to them twelve Ounces of Fountain-water by degrees. When all is in, set them in a gentle Heat, to stand twenty four Hours. Than decant, and filter the Liquor, which must be Evaporated in an Earthen or Glass Vessel, till you see a Scum appear: Than take it from the Fire, and if you see any yellow Powder in the bottom of the Vessel, decant the clear Liquor from it, into a wide-mouthed Glass, and set it in a cool place, where it may stand twenty four Hours, to shoot into Crystals: Than pour the Liquor from the Crystals, to be further Evaporated; and so on, till it all shoots into Crystals.  
It is used in all Diseases caused by Obstructions.  
It's Dose, from five to twenty Grains.   

Salt of Steel, by the Sweet Spirit of Vitriol.  
TAke a Flat Iron Pan, turned up at the Edges, and put into it so much Spiritus Vitrioli Dulcis, as will fill it two Fingers; let it stand quietly in some warm place, till it is Coagulated into a Salt; than dry it gently, and keep it in a Vial, well stopped.  
It's Use and Dose is the same with the former.   

Ens Martis.  
TAke Filing of Steel one Pound, Sal Armoniac in Powder two Pound, mix them well, and put them into a Retort, which set in a Sand Furnace, and give gradual Fire to the Fourth Degree: when all is Sublimed, let out the Fire, and you will have in the Neck of the Retort, the Sal Armoniac Impregnated with the Sulphur of Steel.  
It's Operation is Diuretic, and a little Diaphoretic.  
It is accounted a Specific against the Rickets and Worms in Children; also against Hysterick Fits, and a great Opener of Obstructions.  
It's Dose from five Grains to one Scrup.   

Diaphoretick Steel.  
DIssolve the Ens Martis in a sufficient quantity of warm Water; Filter the Dissolution, and by dropping leisurly the Oil of Bohemian-tartar, per deliquium (or Spirit of Sal Armoniac) into the Filtered Liquor, a Powder will Precipitate; Let it settle, and decant the Liquor, and dry the Precipitate.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic, and Diuretic, and is given to Hypochondriacal People, also in Quartan Agues.  
It's Dose from Ten to Thirty Grains.   

The Tincture of Steel.  
TAke that which remains in the bottom of the Retort, after the Sublimation of Ens Martis, Powder it whilst warm, in a warm Mortar, put it presently into a Matrass, with so much Spirit of Wine, as will cover it four Fingers high; Let it stand five or six Hours in warm Sand, and it will be tinged of a read Colour. When it is cold, decant it from the Feces, and put it in a Glass well stopped, for Use.  
This Tincture is said to be a Specific against Worms in Children, Cachexia and Dropsy.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from five to fifty Drops.  
That which remains, after the Tincture is Extracted, may be Reverberated a little; and it is one of the best opening Saffrons of Steel. But the continuance of its Reverberation three or four Hours, makes it Astringent, as 'tis commonly so called.   

Another Tincture of Steel, and its Sweet Salt.  
TAke half a Pound of Filing, without Dust, put to it one Pound and a half of Spirit of Salt: Let it stand upon warm Sand twenty four Hours; than decant and filter the Liquor: Put to the remaining Steel, one Pound and a half more of Spirit of Salt: Let it stand, as before, twenty four Hours; shake it two or three times a Day, and in that time the Steel will be almost all dissolved; Decant and Filter, as before; Put both the Filtered Liquors into a Retort, which place in Sand, and draw of two Pound of the Liquor; than let the Retort cool, assoon as you can, but before 'tis quite cold, pour the Liquor from the Sediment, into a Glass, and set it to shoot in a cold place.  
These Crystals will have a sweetish Taste, and by three or four Dissolutions and Coagulations in the same Liquor, they will acquire a sensible Sweetness.  
This is accounted the best Salt of Steel, and more successfully Answers the Intentions of all the rest, and is more Pleasant for the Patient to take.  
It's Dose is the same with the other Salts.   

The Tincture of Mars.  
TO make this Tincture you must draw the first Dissolution to dryness, or till such time the Drops which Distil from it appear yellow; than, to that which remains, put a Quart of Distilled Vinegar; and let it stand twenty four Hours in warm Sand; in that time it will tinge: Than take of, and Decant that Read Tincture, and put upon it more Distilled Vinegar; let it stand as before, and so proceed till it yields no more Tincture; Distil of the Vinegar, to the Consistence of a Syrup, and put to it so much Spirit of Wine, as will cover it Four Fingers; set it in warm Sand twenty four Hours, and it will be Tinged; Decant that tinged Spirit, and proceed, as long as it will give any further Tincture  
When you have done, take all the tinged Spirits of Wine, and put them into a Cucurbit, set it in a Heat of Ashes, and draw of all the Spirit of Wine, except sixteen or twenty Ounces, which will be a deep and clear Tincture. Put this, when cold, into a Vial, well stopped.  
This far exceeds the other Tinctures, and is used in the same Cases and Dose.   

The Tincture of Steel, with Tartar.  
TAke half a Pound of Rust of Iron, mix with it twenty Ounces of Cream of Bohemian-tartar in fine Powder. Put them into an Iron Kettle, with eight or ten Pints of clean Water; set them over a Fire; 'cause them to Boil for eight or ten Hours, and stir them often, still supplying hot Water, as it Evaporates: Than let the Mixture settle, and whilst warm, filter it, and Evaporate to the Consistence of a thin Syrup, in an Earthen Pan.  
It is a good Aperative Medicine, and given in the same Cases the others are.  
It's Dose from one Scruple to five, in any proper Vehicle.   

The Anodine Sulphur of Steel.  
TAke of the aforesaid Tincture Extracted, with Distilled Vinegar, and drop upon it, either Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or Ol. Tart. per deliquium, so long till you see nothing will Precipitate; than let it stand to settle, and Decant the Liquor, which is of no use: Pour warm Water upon this Precipitate, and when settled, shake it; Decant that Water, and put on more, and so proceed, till the Sulphur has no salt Taste; than dry it gently, and keep in a Vial, well stopped, for use.  
It's Operation is Suderifick and Anodine, and is suceessfully used in the Gout, Rheumatism, Scurvy, all Fevers, and the Small Pox.  
It's Dose is from ten Grains to half a Drachm, or one Drachm, in any proper Extract, or Conserve.   

The Opening Extract of Steel.  
TAke any of the aforesaid Opening Crocus', four Ounces, of the Juice of Apples (ordered as followeth) four Pound, put them in an Iron Pan, in a gentle Heat of Digestion in Sand, sixty or seventy Hours; Augment the Heat in such manner, that it may boil very gently, three or four Hours; Stir it every quarter of an Hour with an Iron Slice, and when you perceive it to be black, take it from the Fire, and let it stand to settle a little; whilst warm, pour it through a straining Cloth, and by gentle Evaporation bring it to the Consistence of an Extract.  
It is endued with the same Virtues other Opening Chalybeats are.  
It's Dose is from half a Scruple, to two, or one Drachm.  
You Must put half a Pound of Tamerinds bruised, to four Pound of the Juice of Apples, and mix them well in an Iron Mortar: Let them stand twenty four Hours, in a gentle Heat of Sand, than strain it through a Cloth for the use abovesaid.   

The Binding Extract of Steel.  
TAke of the binding Crocus Martis, four Ounces; Put to it of Read Port Wine (wherein half a Pound of the Pulp of Ripe Sloes has been mixed and digested, as in the Opening Extract) four Pound: Proceed in every thing as in the other Extract, and you have that which they call the Binding Extract of Steel.  
It is given in Bloody Fluxes, Looseness, and Immoderate Courses.  
The Dose the same with the former Extract.   

Observations.  
SOme Authors are of Opinion that Steel is the better Subject to Work upon, 
Choice of Mars.  and Others give the Preference to Iron; But I think 'tis Indifferent which we take, since Steel is no other than a Concentrated Iron; I have used them both very often, and never found any Difference, either in their Preparation, or Operation, only Steel (by Reason of its Concentration) requires a little more time for its Dissolution.  
Always wash the File-dust in several Waters, to separate the Dirt, 
To clean the Mars.  which has accidentally fallen into it; the Dirt will swim upon the Surface of the Water, and the clean Filing will sink to the bottom; they are best dried in the Sun.  
Rain-water and Dew are accounted better than common Water, 
Aperative Crocus.  to moisten the Filing with, because they are Impregnated with the Nitre of the Air, which causes a better Penetration, and is more Aperative.  
In the Preparation of Mars with Sulphur, 
Steel Prepared with Sulphur.  place the Vessel in a Chimney, the better to avoid those Offensive Fumes it emits.  
This Operation requires nothing but diligent Grinding, 
Dr. Willis his Prepar.  if there be occasion to moisten it a second time.  
Let the Dissolution of Mars for its Salt be always made in a Chimney, 
Salt of Steel.  for the better Convenience of the unpleasant Sulphureous Fumes which rise from it; nor fill the Vessel in which you dissolve it, above a quarter full, jest it should boil over.  
Some Prepare this Salt with equal Parts of Oil of Vitriol, 
Salt of Mars, with sweet Spir. of Vitriol.  and Spirit of Wine, but the Spirit of Vitriol dulcified, produces a finer Salt.  
Of Sal Armoniac we take two Parts to one Part of Mars, 
Ens Mart.  the better to Penetrate the Filing, and make a Separation of its Volatile Sulphur.  
In this Precipitation of Mars, 
Diaphoret. Steel.  the Diaphoretic and Diuretic Operation proceeds from the Particles of Sal Armoniac, which are mixed with it. Therefore we do not wash this, as we do other Precipitates.  
This Tincture is also Impregnated with the Shall Armoniac, 
Tincture of Mars.  which makes it operate by Urine.  
In this Preparation some use Crude Bohemian-tartar, 
Tincture of Mars, with Tartar.  but I rather choose Cream of Bohemian-tartar, because its grosser, and more Earthy Parts are separated from it, and therefore it makes the better Penetration into the Iron.  
Some there are who make a Distinction of the Parts of Iron, 
Sweet Salt of Mars.  affirming that the purer part of it dissolves first, and most easily in an Acid; but I have often tried that Experiment, and could never found any sensible Difference. Most Corrosives are capable of dissolving the whole Body of Mars, but the Spirit of Salt more kindly and readily than any other.  
This Tincture is thought to be more Penetrating and Noble, 
The Tinct. of Steel, made with Spirit of Salt, Distilled Vin. and Spirit of Wine.  than the Foregoing ones, because the Mars is Purified by three Dissolutions, (viz.) with Spirit of Salt, Distilled Vinegar, Spirit of Wine, and in each Dissolution it leaves new Feces.  
This is called, 
Anodine Sulphur of Mars.  The Anodine Sulphur of Mars, because it gives Ease, by quieting the Archaeus.  
This Extract must be made with the Juice of such Apples as have an Acidity, 
The opening Extract of Mars.  which must be Augmented by that of the Tamerinds, the better to dissolve the Saline Soluble Salt of the Steel.  
The deepest Read Wine you can get is best for this Preparation: 
The binding Extract.  The Astringent Quality of the Sloes do much increase the Virtue of this Medicine.  
Notwithstanding all those Preparations which are commonly called Aperitive, there are some who will not allow any Preparation of Mars to be truly such; but that meeting with their proper Acid, in great quantity, as in Diseases of the Liver and Spleen, they become Opening, and sometimes violently Purging.    

CHAP. VI Of COPPER.  
VENUS, or Copper, is a Metalline Body, Foul, Imperfect, and Generated of an Impure Mercury; It's Sulphur is Earthy, Combustible, and of an obscure Read; it wants Fixation, Purity, and Weight; but if handled by an Expert Artist, is of great use both for Internal and External Mecidines.  

Purification of Copper.  
TAke Plates of Copper, of the thickness of a Shilling, lay them stratum super stratum, with Powder of Sulphur, in a large Crucible; let the first and last Lays be Sulphur; Put them in the Arch of a Glass-maker's Furnace twelve Hours; Than take them out, and when they are cold, scrape of what is Calcined: The rest of the Plates, which the Sulphur has not Penetrated, may be again stratifyed and calcined, as before: This Calcined Copper is called Aes ustum.  
If you would reduce it into Copper again, take the Aes ustum, and heat it read hot in a Crucible, and cast it into an Earthen Pan, wherein Linseed-Oil is; cover it presently, to hinder it from Flaming; Let it lie in the Oil till it is pretty cool; Than take it out, and heat it read hot, and quench it as before: Do this nine or ten times, every third time putting new Oil: Than take the Copper, which looks very fine, and with Charcole-Dust, and Borax, put it into a Crucible; set it in a Melting Furnace; give it a strong Fire of Fusion, till it is well melted, and cast it into an Ingot.   

Another Purification of Copper.  
stratify Plates of Copper with Common Salt, in a Crucible, Calcine it in a Glass-house-fire, as you did the other; scrape all that is Calcined; and the remaining Plates stratify and calcine, as before; Than mix this Calcined Copper with Charcole-Dust, and Borax, put it in a Crucible, and with a very strong Fire, in a Melting Furnace, reduce it into a Body, which you may either let cool in the Crucible, or cast into an Ingot that is heated and greased.   

Crystals, or Vitriol of Copper.  
DIssolve the aforesaid Copper in Aqua Fortis, or Spirit of Nitre: To one Part of Copper, you must put three Parts of Spirit of Nitre, by little at a time: Put the Dissolution upon warm Sand, and Evaporate one half; Set that which remains in the Cucurbit, in a cold place to shoot into Crystals; the Liquor which remains may be Evaporated as the former, and again set to shoot: Dry the Crystals between Paper, and put them in a Vial stopped from the Air.  
They are a good Caustick to consume proud Flesh.   

Other Crystals of Copper, or Verdigreese.  
TAke of Verdigreese in Powder one Pound, put it into a Matrass, with four Pound of Distilled Vinegar: Set them upon warm Sand, the space of three or four Days, stirring them about three or four times every Day; When 'tis well settled, pour of the blue Liquor by Inclination, and put new Distilled Vinegar to that which remains undissolved, and keep it in the Heat again two or three Days, stirring it about, as before, and if the Second Extraction be as blue as the First, pour it of by Inclination, and put two Pound more of Distilled Vinegar upon that which remains in the Cucurbit, using the same Method as before. This Third Extraction will take all that is dissolvable. This done, put all the Impregnated Waters together, and Filter them; Put them in a clean Cucurbit, and Evaporate one half of the Liquor; than take it from the Fire, and before it is quite cold, Decant it into a clean Vessel, from the Feces (which sometimes fall in the Evaporation) and set it in a cold place, where it may stand forty eight Hours, to shoot into Crystals; Pour the remaining Liquor from the Crystals, and Evaporate again, and shoot into Crystals, as you did before.  
This is called Distilled Verdigreese, and is more used by Painters than it is by Physicians; It is very detersive, and is sometimes used Externally.   

Spirit of Verdigreese.  
TAke the Crystals of Verdigreese, with which fill a Retort half full; Place it in Sand, giving a gentle Fire till the Phlegm is Distilled. Assoon as you perceive the Drops to be Acid, change the Receiver, and Lute it well with Bladder; than increase the Fire, and the Receiver will fill with white Fumes: When you perceive those Fumes to decrease, Augment the Fire, and at last lay kindled Coals round the Neck of the Retort, and keep up the Fire to the highest Degree, till the Fumes cease, and the Receiver grows cool: Than take of the Receiver, and put the Spirit into a clean Retort, and Rectify it in a gentle Heat of Sand: Put it out of the Recipient into a Bottle, and stop it close.  
It is accounted a good Medicine in the Palsy, Epilepsy, and Apoplexy; And is also a good Menstruum to Dissolve Pearl and Coral.  
The Dose is from five, to twenty five, or thirty Drops, in a convenient Vehicle.   

The Crocus of Copper.  
LET the Cap. Mort. of the Spirit of Verdigreese be beaten to fine Powder, and in an Unglased Pot Reverberated for ten or twelve Hours, often stirring it with an Iron Rodriguez; Than wash of the most Subtle Powder from the Gross; Dry it, and put it up for use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic. It stops Bleeding, both Internal and External: It is Anodine, and successfully used in Gonorrhaea's, by Injection: It is also good against Looseness of the Belly, and Dysenteries.  
It's Dose is from five, to twenty Grains.   

The Tincture of Copper.  
TAke the Reverberated Crocus, before it is washed, four Ounces; Put it in a Matrass, with Spirit of Salt twelve Ounces; Set it upon warm Sand to Digest, Forty Eight Hours, (shaking it about three or four times a Day) in which time the Spirit will receive a Read Tincture; decant the Tincture; Put upon the Copper half a Pound of new Spirit of Salt; digest, and shake it, as before; Put the Tinged Spirit into a clean Retort, and draw to a dry bottom in the Second Degree of Sand-Heat; To that which remains in the bottom, put Distilled Vinegar, twelve Ounces; Digest, and Agitate, as in the former Digestion, you will have a Read Tincture, which pour of by gentle Inclination; Put to that which remains, half a Pound more of Distilled Vinegar, and Digest, as before; Than put the Tinctures together, and Filter them; Put the Filtered Liquor into a clean Cucurbit, with its Head and Receiver; set it in Sand, and in the Second Degree of Fire, let it be drawn to the Consistence of Honey; Than put to it twelve Ounces of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; Let this Digestion be made in a Circulatory, or double Vessel, well Luted; give it Forty Eight Hours Digestion, with the same Agitation as formerly; Decant the Tinged Spirit of Wine, and put on more; and so do till it will Extract not more Tincture: Put all the Tinged Spirits into a clean Cucurbit, and in a gentle Heat of Sand, draw all of to about eight Ounces, which put into a Vial, well stopped, for Use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic: It is given in all Diseases of the Head, in Fevers, Small Pox, and the Venerial Pox.  
It's Dose is from ten to fifteen Drops.   

Observations.  
ALL the Faeces from which you have drawn the former Tinctures, you may save, and Reduce them into a very fine Powder, in a strong Fire, with Charcole-Dust, Nitre, and Borax.  
Such Salt, 
Purification.  or Sulphur, as you shall found to lie lose between the Cemented Plates, after you take them from the Fire, you may keep a part, and only scrape of such as stick to the Plates.  
Dissolve the Copper, 
Dissolution  and Evaporate the Dissolution, always in a Chimney, to avoid the obnoxious Fumes.  
To make the Spirit of Verdigreese, 
Spirit of Copper.  always choose the Crystals. For Crude Verdigreese being mixed with some parts of the Grapes (with which it is Corroded) sends forth an Oiliness, from which the Spirit is not easily Separated by Rectification.  
Sometimes the Reverberation of the Crocus is as well Performed in five or six Hours, 
Crocus of Copper.  as it is in twelve Hours, according to their Diligence in keeping up the Fire, and stirring the Matter.    

CHAP. VII. Of MERCURY.  
MErcury is no other than a Mineral, or Metallick Water, or Liquor, agreeable to all Metals, as their Mother, but more closely adhering to Gold, than to any other, by reason of its Purity; and Philosophically opened, yields the True Metalline Menstruum, etc.  
It is sometimes to be found running in the Veins of the Earth, in the perfect Form of Quicksilver; but much the greater quantity of it is drawn from a Mineral Stone Called Natural Cinnaber: The Vivification of it into running Mercury, I shall give in one of the following Processes.  

Purification of Mercury.  
IT is Separated from such Dirt as has accidentally fallen into it, by forcing it through a clean Cloth, or Leather: It is better cleansed by grinding it with Salt and Vinegar, and washing it with warm Water, and continuing so to do, till it blackens not the Salt or Water: But there is yet a better way of Purifying it, by putting what quantity of it you please into a Retort, with equal its weight of Salt of Bohemian-tartar, and the same weight of Calx Vive upon it; Place it in a Sand Furnace, and give a gradual Fire, till it is Distilled into the Receiver. Some fill the Receiver half full of Water, but this gives an unnecessary trouble, because the Mercury comes not over in Fumes, but drops out of the Neck of the Retort into the Receiver. If you repeat this three or four times, it makes the Mercury extreme bright and pleasing to the Eye, and frees it from all its foul External Sulphur. It is also well Purified by Vivifying it from Sublimate, Cinnaber, or an Amalgama of Gold or Silver.   

Artificial Cinnaber.  
TAke of Sulphur one Pound, melt it in an Earthen-Pan; than put to it by little at a time, three Pound of Crude Mercury, stirring them till no Mercury appears; than let them cool; Powder the Mixture, and them into an Oval Bolt-head Luted; Place it over a naked Fire, which increase gradually, to the Fourth Degree, and the Cinnaber will be Separated in a Cake above the Faeces.   

The Vivification of Cinnaber.  
TAke of Cinnaber one Pound, Calcined Tartar, or Pot-ashes, one Pound, Calx Vive two Pound; Grinned them well together, and put them into a Retort, leaving at lest one Part of Three empty. Place it in a Reverberatory Furnace, and fit a Receiver; Let it stand twelve Hours, and than kindle the Fire, increasing it gradually to the fourth Degree; Keep it so till the Mercury is raised into the Neck of the Retort and Receiver, which will be in Seven or Eight Hours time.  
Than put all the Mercury into a clean Diaper Napkin, placed over a clean Earthen Dish, and squeeze it through to separate from it any Heterogeneous Matter, that may have ascended in the Distillation.  
It is also Revived by mixing Cinnaber, one Pound, with one Pound and a half of Filing of Iron, and Distilling as before.   

The Corrosive Sublimate of Mercury.  
TAke of Quicksilver seventy Pound, of Corrosive sublimate five Pound, of Common Salt, and Nitre, of each fifty Pound, of Rubifyed Vitriol, one hundred Pound; of Caput Mortuum of Aqua Fortis twelve Pound and an half. The Mercury Sublimate, Common Salt, Nitre, Caput Mortuum, and Rubifyed Vitriol, made into Fine Powder, and kept each by themselves, are to be mixed as followeth. The Quicksilver and Sublimate must first be mixed with about a quarter part of the Salts, in a convenient Vessel, by Agitation. This Mixture will grow moist, and part of the Quicksilver will Incorporate with the Salts. Proceed putting in the Salts (by a quarter part at a time) till all is in, continually stirring, till no part of the Quicksilver appear in a running Form: Than put to it the Caput Mortuum, which will a little thicken it. When these Ingredients are equally and well mixed, they will become pretty dry, and than you may Agitate them through a Sieve; And last of all, mix the sifted Powder, and Rubifyed Vitriol. Put this Mixture in equal Proportions, into Four Subliming Glasses; the Figure of which, with the Furnace, you will see in the beginning of this Treatise. Place them in Ashes; fit Heads and Receivers to them, and give a gentle Fire for twenty four Hours; in which time the Mercury will be dissolved, and an Aqua Fortis will Distil into the Receivers. After that increase the Fire, and keep it in continually, till you perceive the Sublimate to rise in the Vessel above the Ashes, separated from the Caput Mortuum, in form of a Cake, which commonly happens about the Fourth or Fifth Day. When all is cool, carefully remove the Glasses from the Ashes, and take out the Cake of Sublimate, which keep for use.   

Mercurius Dulcis.  
TAke of Corrosive Sublimate, one Pound, to which add of Purified Quicksilver twelve Ounces; Grinned them well together in a Stone Mortar, with a Glass or Wooden Pestle, till no Quicksilver appear. Than fill one third Part of a Bolt-Head with the Mixture; set it in a Sand Furnace; let the Sand lie half an Inch thick betwixt the bottom of the Bolt-Head, and the Kettle, filling it up with Sand, within an Inch of the Neck; Stop the Mouth of the Glass with a little Paper, or Cotton-wool; Than give Fire of the First Degree two Hours, increase it to the Second, in which keep it three Hours; go on to the Third Degree, three Hours more, and in that time the Sublimation will be performed. Take it out, when cold, and wipe the Sand and Dirt from the Bolt-head; break the Glass over a clean Sheet of Paper, and separate the Sublimate from the light Flowers at the top, and the Dust which lies in the bottom. Afterwards Powder this grossly, and Repeat the Sublimation the Second and Third time. If you Sublime it six or twelve times, it is called Calomelanos.  
It's Operation is Cathartick, and is given to kill Worms, and in all Venerial Cases.  
It's Dose is from five Grains to two Scruples.   

Read Precipitate of Mercury.  
TAke Crude Mercury one Pound, of Aqua Fortis made as followeth, two Pound; Let them stand in the Heat of Ashes, that the Aqua Fortis may simper till the Flowers being to appear. Than increase the Fire, till the Flowers rise read about the middle of the Glass, and proceed with the Fire to the higest Degree, for the space of three Hours. After which, let all cool, and take out the Precipitate.  
It is never given inwardly, without Correction. It eats Proud Flesh, and is used for the laying open of Shankers.  
The Aqua Fortis for this use is to be made of Alum and Nitre, of each two Pound, and of Vitriol one Pound, and Distilled as other Aqua Fortis.   

The Read Panacaea of Mercury.  
TAke what quantity you please of Read Precipitate; Put it into a Cucurbit, and afterwards, eight times its quantity of Spring-water: Let it stand in a Heat of Sand twenty four Hours, shaking it three or four times; Pour of the Water, and keep it for Use. Than dry the Precipitate, and put to it eight times its weight of Spirit of Wine; Fit a Glass to the Mouth of the Cucurbit; Lute it well; and set it in a gentle Heat. Let it continued there fifteen Days; shake it often, and after it is cool, pour of the Spirit of Wine by Decantation. Than take the Precipitate, and put it in a China-Dish, with twice its weight of Tincture of Sulphur; set it on the Fire, and burn of the Tincture; and than put on fresh Spirit of Wine; Let it simper two or three Hours, and after it is settled, Decant, dry the Precipitate, and put it up for use.  
It is one of the best Mercurial Precipitates, especially in the Venerial Pox.  
It's Operation is Cathartick, and sometimes a little Emitick.  
It's Dose is from two to twelve, or fifteen Grains.   

The White Panacaea of Mercury.  
Grinned Calomelanos to very fine Powder, and put it into a Cucurbit, with eight times its weight of Spirit of Wine; Place it in warm Sand; Let it stand fifteen or twenty Days, and shake it ever Day two or three times. Than fit a Glass to the Mouth of the Cucurbit, to make it a Circulating Glass; Separate the Spirit either by Decantation, or Distillation, and dry the Powder in a gentle Heat. This is called Panacaea Mercurii.  
It's Dose the same with Mercurius Dulcis; and some think it a better and more safe Medicine, because the Spirit of Wine takes from it some of its Corrosive Salts, or at lest Corrects them.   

White Precipitate.  
DIssolve four Ounces of Mercury in eight Ounces of Spirit of Nitre; when 'tis all Dissolved, put it into a wide-mouthed Glass, in which is a Pint of Spring-Water; shake them together, and pour on Filtered Brine, by little and little; let the Brine be as strong as you can make it; to a Pint of which put in two Ounces of Spirit of Sal Armoniac; stir the Matter about, and let it settle; than put on more Brine; stir, and let them stand to settle, as before; and so continued, putting on Brine, till you perceive no more will Precipitate thereby. Than let it stand five or six Hours to settle, and pour of the Water by Inclination. Put on common Water; stir it about, and when settled, Decant as before, and so proceed, putting on fresh Water, stirring and pouring of, till you found the Precipitate insipid. Than lay a clean Paper upon a Chalk-stone, put the Precipitate upon it, and let it lie there till the Chalk has absorbed the Water; than remove it to a Board; and let it dry in the Shade, between two Papers.  
It's Operation is a little Cathartick, and Emetic sometimes; it also procures Salivation.  
It is given in the French Pox, Scurvy, and Yellow Jaundice.  
It's Dose is from five to fifteen, or twenty Grains.  
If you boil it two or three Hours in Spirit of Wine, it will free it from some of its Corrosive Salts, and tender the Medicine more safe.   

Turbith Mineral.  
TAke four Ounces of Quicksilver, put it into a Retort, and to it four Ounces of Spirit of Nitre; Let it stand till it had done Fuming, than add Oil of Vitriol half a Pound; Place the Retort in a Sand Furnace, give it a gradual Fire to the Fourth Degree, and the Operation will be performed in six or seven Hours time; Than take out the Retort, and break it; Pulverize the white Mass, either in a Glass or Marble Mortar; Put it into a wide-mouthed Glass, and pour to it three Pints of warm Water; Let it stand two Hours, and shake it three or four times; when 'tis settled, pour of the Water by Inclination, and keep it by itself; Put more Water to the yellow Powder; stir it well about, and when settled, pour of as before, and so proceed with several Ablutions, till the Powder has no Taste; Dry the Powder upon a gentle Heat of Sand, and put it up for Use.  
The first Washing are good to touch old and stubborn Ulcers with, and to mix with any sweet Water to Cure the Itch.  
The Turbith is Cathartick and Emetic, and is chief used in Venerial Cases.  
It's Dose is from two to eight Grains.   

Green Precipitate.  
PUT four Ounces of Mercury into a Matrass, to which put of Spirit of Nitre, or double Aqua Fortis, eight Ounces. In another Glass put half an Ounce of fine Copper, which dissolve in an Ounce and half of Spirit of Nitre, or Aqua Fortis. Put both the Dissolutions together; place them in Sand, and Abstract the Aqua Fortis. In the bottom of the Vessel there will remain a blackish Mass, which must be Powdered in a Glass or Marble Mortar. This done, put it into a Cucurbit, and pour upon it four Pints of Distilled Vinegar; Set it in a Heat of Sand, where let it continued Forty Eight Hours, shaking it once in two or three Hours. At last, augment the Fire, to make the Distilled Vinegar boil; Let it continued so, at lest one Hour, and when cold, pour of the Distilled Vinegar by Inclination, and you will found it tinged of a green Colour; Put upon that which remains, more Distilled Vinegar, and proceed as before; Filter the tinged Vinegar, and put it into a Cucurbit; set it in a Heat of Sand, to Evaporate gently, to the Consistence of Honey, or that it gins to sparkle; than take it from the Fire, and let it cool; when 'tis cold it will be an hard Mass, which make into fine Powder, and keep for Use.  
It's Operation is Cathartick, and Emetic.  
It is a Specific in Gonorrhaea's, and is given in all Venerial Cases.  
The Dose is from two to six Grains.   

Aethiops Mineral.  
TAke Flowers of Sulphur, and crude, clean Mercury, of each half a Pound; Let them be ground together in a clean Iron Mortar, till they are Incorporated into a black Powder. It will take up four or five Hours time to grinned it.   

The Coraline Secret of Mercury.  
TAke four Ounces of Read Precipitate, put it into a Retort, and put to it eight Ounces of Spirit of Nitre; set it in a Sand Furnace, and draw of the Spirit in a gradual Heat, to the Fourth Degree: This Operation will be performed in five or six Hours: Return that Spirit of Nitre, with four Ounces of new Spirit upon the Precipitate, and draw of, as before; Repeat the same Operation, with four Ounces of new Spirit; and at last let it continued at lest two Hours, in the Fourth Degree of Fire; Than let all cool, and you will have a very Read and Subtle Powder, which put in a Crucible, and set in a Fire of Charcoal, but not exceeding a Worm Read, half a quarter of an Hour; Than put it into a Matrass, and put to it three Pints of Distilled Fountain, or Rain-Water; set it in a Sand Furnace, and give it a gradual Fire till it boils; and so keep it half an hour: Pour of that Water by Inclination, and dry the Powder gently: Than put to it twelve Ounces of Tartarised Spirit of Wine, and in a gentle Heat draw it of, and so proceed by two Cohobations. Than put to it twelve Ounces of new Tartarised Spirit of Wine, fit a Glass to the Mouth of the Cucurbit, to make it Circulatory; Let it stand in a gentle Heat of Sand Forty eight Hours; and at the last of all, let it simper a little; than let all cool; Decant the Spirit of Wine, and dry the Powder, which is called Arcanum Coralinum.  
It's Operation is chief Cathartick.  
It is given in the Gout, Dropsy, Scurvy, and the Pox; and is one of the best Precipitates commonly made.  
It's Dose is from three to ten Grains.   

Oil of Mercury.  
EVaporate the First Washing of Mineral Turbith to a Salt; set it in a cold moist place, and it will Dissolve into a strong Corrosive Liquor, which is called, Oil of Mercury.  
It is of excellent Use to touch Venerial Shankers, if you apply to them Pledgets dipped therein.   

Another Oil of Mercury.  
TAke four Ounces of Corrosive Sublimate, and of Sublimed Sal Armoniac half a Pound; make them both into Fine Powder, and mix them well; put them into a Retort; place it in Sand, with a Receiver to it; make a Fire, which raise gradually, to the Fourth Degree, and in seven or eight Hours time the Operation will be done.  
Take all that is Distilled and Sublimed, grinned it in a Glass or Marble Mortar, and afterwards set it in a Cellar, in a flat Glass, to Dissolve into a Liquor, which is called, Oil of Mercury.  
It is Endued with the same Virtues the Preceding Oil is.   

Observations.  
TAke care you place the Mixture in a Chimney, 
Cinnaber.  that the Stench of the Brimstone do not offend you. And Note, that it is sufficient if the Sulphur be kept in just so much Heat as to be Fluid, till such time the Mercury be Incorporated with it.  
The Mixture is left twelve Hours without Fire, 
Revificat. of Cinnab.  to give the Calx time to swell gradually, which otherways might endanger cracking the Retort; And also that the Alcalical Salt may have Mortified the Acid Sulphureous Spirit, by which the Mercury was Coagulated; which done, the Mercury will separate more easily: As for putting Water into the Receiver, 'tis a trouble to no purpose; for I have several times Revived Mercury from an Amalgama of Cinnaber, Sublimate and Precipitate, without one drop of Water in the Receiver.  
The Mixture of Crude Mercury, 
Corrosive Sublimate.  Sublimate, Salt, and Nitre, becomes moist, and of a pappish Substance; to which, if you put the Rubifyed Vitriol, it would presently grow hard as a Stone; which would be very troublesome to Reduce again into Powder. But the Caput Mortuum of Aqua Fortis, or (if you have it by you) some Caput Mortuum of Mercury Sublimate answers the same end, and brings the Mixture to a temperate dryness, which by Agitation comes into a Powder of itself. With this Powder the Rubifyed Vitriol may conveniently be Incorporated, and the Operation aught always to be performed in a Chimney, to avoid the Nitrous Fumes, which are very Suffocating. You may make the Composition in any quantity your occasion requires; the lesle your quantity of Mixtures, the lesle Time and Fire will finish the Operation.  
When you grinned the Sublimate and Crude Mercury together, 
The Sweet Sublimate  muffle yourself with a Napkin, or Handkerchief, to keep the Volatile Atoms, which will rise from the Sublimate, out of your Mouth and Nostrils; and be careful not to make the Fire too big, for too fierce a Fire makes it rise black, and if so, you must Sublime it again; and if that Sublimation does not bring it to its colour, mix with every Pound of Mercurius Dulcis, one Ounce and a half of decrepitated Salt, and Sublime again.  
The Aqua Fortis which you save in making of Sublimate is best for this Operation, 
Precipitate Read Subli.  which also aught to be performed in a Chimney. Before you put the Spirit of Wine to it, 
White Panacaea of Mercury.  you must reduce it into a most impalpable Powder, which must be passed through the finest Sieve, that so the Spirit of Wine may the better act upon those Minute Atoms, and wash of part of the Corrosive Salt which keeps it in a dry Form.  
The Read Precipitate must also be ground very fine, 
Read Panace of Mercury.  before it is washed, for the Reason aforesaid.  
Put not above two Ounces of the Spirit of Nitre at a time upon the Crude Mercury; 
White Precipitate  and when it has acted upon the Mercury, and the Fumes begin to cease, put on two Ounces more, and so do till the Mercury is all dissolved; If you should put all the Spirit of Nitre on at once, the action would be so violent that it would heat too suddenly, and endanger the Glass: Be as cautious as you can, the Fumes will rise with some violence, and therefore this Operation aught always to be done in a Chimney that the ill Fumes may be avoided.  
The Oil of Vitriol does not Dissolve the Mercury, 
Mineral Turbith.  it only calcines it, but the Spirit of Niter dissolves it, and produces a Turbith more subtle than that made with Oil of Vitriol alone.  
Here is nothing worthy of Remark, 
Aethiop Mineral.  but to choose clean and good Ingredients, and to grinned so long, till the Medicine becomes very black.  
You aught to observe the same precaution here, as in the White Precipitate, 
Green Precipitate.  viz. to put the Spirit of Niter upon the Mercury by little and little, and also to perform the Operation in a Chimney.  
You may take clean crude ☿ instead of Read Precipitat if you please; 
Arcanum Coralinum.  The first Dissolution and Exsiccation makes it Read Precipitate, Than you may freely put all the Spirit of Niter upon the Precipitate at once, because the Action of the Mercury, and Spirit of Niter is over in the first Dissolution of the Mercury. In all things else proceed as the Process directs.  
These Oils are Mercury coagulated by the corrosive Spirits of Vitriol, 
Oils of Mercury●  common Salt, and Sal Armoniac, which afterwards will dissolve again like a Salt; it aught to be Evaporated in Glass, because Earthen Vessels will suck in too much of the Salt, and it will pray upon the Lead with which the Vessel is glazed.  
If you desire to make Mercury Sublimate in a small quantity, 
Corosive Sublimate in small quantity.  Dissolve one Pound of crude Mercury in 18 or 20 Ounces of Spirit of Niter: Distil of that Spirit, break the Glass, and take out the Mass, beaten it into Powder in a Glass or Marble Mortar; and afterwards take of Vitriol calcined and powdered, and Common Salt Ana one Pound; Grinned them all well together; Fill a Matrass not above half full, and set it on a Sand Furnace; Increase the Fire gradually to the Third Degree, and the Sublimate will all rise in Seven or Eight Hours.    

CHAP. VIII. Of Bismuth, or Tinglas.  
IT is a Smooth, White, Metallick Matter, brittle, and breaks in large Flakes like Regulus Martis. It is Artificial, and composed of Tin, Bohemian-tartar, and Arsenic, but not made in any Quantity in England, but in the Northern Parts of Germany, from whence we have it.  

Preparations of Bismuth, or Tinglass.  
Flowers of Bismuth, or Tinglass.  
Beaten the Tinglass into very fine Powder, and to Four Ounces of it put half a Pound of Nitre also in fine Powder; put in that Mixture by half a Spoonful at a time, when the Body is read hot; and when the Operation is over, take away the Aludels, and wipe of the Flowers with a Feather.  
These Flowers are very white, and Esteemed an Excellent Fucus.   

Magistery of Bismuth.  
PUT one Pound of Spirit of Nitre, (made with Oil of Vitriol) in a quart Body uncut, and put to it as much Powder of Tinglass, by an Ounce at a time, as the Spirit is capable of dissolving, which will be about Seven or Eight Ounces; Than take two Gallons of Water, and dissolve in it four Ounces of Common Salt; Filter the whole, and put it into a clean, Earthen Pan; Pour upon it the Dissolution of Bismuth, and immediately it will turn Milky, and a Precipitate will fall; Permit it to stand till settled, and by gentle inclination, pour out the Water from the Magistery; put on more fresh Water, stir it well, and when settled, pour it of, and so continued the ablutions, till the Magistery is insipid, which dry gently, and keep for use, which is the same with the Flowers.   

Observations.  
LET all be sublimed, 
Flowers of Bismuth.  which will rise from one half Spoonful, before you put in another, which you may know by a little crackling Noise which will cease; Wash the Salt from that which remains in the bottom of the Subliming Pot, and it is not only a good Fucus, but also a good Diaphoretic, especially if the Spirit of Nitre be once or twice distilled from it after its washing.  
It's Dose and Virtue is the same with Mineral Bezoar.  
Be sure to place the Cucurbit (in which you make the Dissolution) in the Chimney, 
Magistery of Bismuth.  the better to convey the Fumes, which are bad for the Breast, Lungs and Brain; And if you see a black Scum upon the Surface of the Water, when you make the Precipitation; take it of with a Spoon.    

CHAP. IX. Of Antimony.  
ANtimony is a Mineral Body, nearly related to Metals, but more approaching to the Nature of Saturn. It is composed of a Mineral Sulphur, partly pure, and of a Solar Nature, and partly combustible, like other Sulphur.  
It is full of an indigested fuliginous Mercury, but more fixed than the Common. It is a most excellent Subject both for Internal and External Medicine, etc.  

Regulus of Antimony.  
TAke of Antimony one Pound, Tartar Twelve Ounces: Nitre Six ounces, powder them finely and mix them exactly; Than put your Crucible in a Melting Furnace, let the Fire increase gradually till the Crucible is read hot, before you put in your mixture, which do by a small spoonful at a time till all be in; Than increase the fire and stop the door of the Wind-Furnace and there let it continued in Fusion half or three quarters of an hour till its sparkling in the Crucible is well spent, Than Pour it into a little Mortar, being first made clean, and afterwards heated and greased with a little butter, Tallow, or Wax. Let it stand till cold; and than turn it out; beaten of the Scoria; and put it by in an Earthen Pan to make the Sulphur Auratum with; Than melt your Regulus again, and project one Ounce of Nitre in Powder: let it stand in fusion a quarter of an hour, and cast it out into the Mortar heated and greased as before, and it will be more pure.  
If you would have it yet more pure, repeated the last Operation once more, still saving the Scoria together; This Regulus you may form into Cups, Pills, or infuse it in White-Wine Ten or Twelve Hours, and it will have the same Operation with the infusion of Crocus Metallorum.  
Different Quantities are used in the making this Regulus; Some take Equal parts of Antimony, Nitre and Tartar; Others, Antimony one Pound, Tartar one Pound and an half, and Nitre two Pounds; but I have found no Composition produce more, nor better Regulus than this I have given you.   

The Golden Sulphur of Antimony.  
Boil the Scorias of the Regulus in Twenty times its Weight of Fountainwater, the space of one Hour; Stir it often, and whilst hot, run it through a fine Straining-Clout; Than put Distilled Vinegar to it, and there will Precipitate a read Powder; Let it stand to settle, and drop more Distilled Vinegar into it, and if it turn the clean Liquor muddy, let it settle, and drop yet more Distilled Vinegar again into it; and so proceed till you see the subsiding Liquor will not turn muddy by putting Distilled Vinegar to it; Wash it with many warm waters till it is without Taste or Smell; Than put it into a Coffin of Paper to drain of as much of the Water as you can; And lastly, Put it into a flat Earthen Dish, and set it in a gentle warmth to dry.  
It is Emetic and Cathartick, and Endoued with the same Virtues other Antimonial Emetics are.  
It's Dose is from one to Six or Eight Grains.   

The Martial Regulus of Antimony.  
TAke of small Nails one Pound and an half, put them into a large Crucible placed upon a Tile in a Melting Furnace, let the Fire Kindle about them gradually till the nails are ready to melt, than project (by a good spoonful at a time) of Antimony one Pound, Nitre Four Ounces, and Two Ounces of Bohemian-tartar, powdered and well mixed. Bury the Crucible in Charcoal, shut the Door of the Furnace, and let it stand in the strongest Fusion till it has done sparkling: Than take it from the Fire, and pour it into an Iron Mortar, hot and greased as usual: When 'tis cold, beaten of the Scoria, and Melt it again; and put to it (by a Spoonful at a time) Two or Three Ounces of Nitre in gross Powder; Let it stand in strong Fusion as before, till it cease to sparkle; than remove it from the Fire, and pour it into a warm Mortar as before: Repeat the same Operation the Third and Fourth time, always casting in Two Ounces of Nitre, but the Fourth Time, let the Regulus melt well, before you put in the Saltpetre; when cold, beaten of the Scoria, and you will see a perfect Star upon the Surface of the Regulus.  
It's Operation is as the Regulus Antimonii, but more Cathartick. Some say, 'tis altogether Cathartick, but I have not found it so.  
It is given in the Venereal Disease, Dropsy, and Scurvy.  
It's Dose is from Two to Eight Grains.   

Regulus of Antimony with Tin.  
TAke good Regulus of Antimony Four Ounces; Melt it in a Crucible with Four Ounces of Tin a quarter of an Hour, in which time put in one Ounce of Nitre, and when the Flame is spent, and the Matter well fluxed; take it from the Fire, and cast it into a warm, greased Mortar.  
In the same Manner you may make the Regulus of Gold, Silver, Copper, or Led.  
It is usually given in the Suffocation of the Womb, and to open all Obstructions.  
It's Dose is from Three Grains, to a Scruple.   

Crocus Metallorum.  
TAke of Antimony one Ounce, Nitre Fourteen Ounces, and Common Salt Twelve Ounces; Powder them finely, and mix them well: Set a Crucible in the Fire; when it is read hot, put in the Mixture by a Spoonful at once; When all is in, shut the Door of the Furnace; Let the Matter stand in strong Fusion half an Hour; Than take it from the Fire, and cast it into a warm, greased Mortar.  
It's Operation is Emetic. But the Infusion of it in White-Wine or Canary, is generally used thus, (viz.) One Ounce of the Crocus in fine Powder, to a Quart of Wine; of which is given from one Ounce and an half, to Four Ounces.  
It's Dose is from Two to Eight Grains.   

Diaphoretick Antimony.  
TAke of Antimony one Pound, and Saltpetre Three Pounds; Powder and mix them exactly; Than put them into a read hot Crucible, by a Spoonful at a time, and let it stand half an Hour; Remove it before 'tis quite cold, and put it into a large Earthen Pan, almost full either of hot or cold Water: Let it remain there Ten or Twelve Hours to dissolve the Salt; than take it out, and if any of the Calcined Antimony adheres to the Crucible, scrape it of with a Knife; stir the white Matter about with a clean Stick, and when 'tis well settled, decant the Water into a clean Pan, and keep it to make the Antimonial Sal Prunellae; Put on more warm Water, and decant it as useless; Repeat the Ablution till the Antimony is insipid. When this is done, put more fresh Water, stir it about, and presently pour it of into another Pan; put on more, and pour of as before, and so do till all the finest part of the Preparation is washed of, and by this means you may separate it from the gross, dirty part: Having thus separated the siner part, let it stand to settle, and pour of the Water by Inclination; Put the Antimonium Diaphoreticum upon a clean Sheet of white-brown Paper, and lay it upon a Chalk Stone to suck in the Moisture; Remove it into a very gentle heat to be perfectly dried, and put it up for use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic, and is given in Vereal Diseases, Dropsies, Scurvies, Malignant Fevers, and the Small Pox.  
It's usual Doses is from Five Grains to Twentyfive; but I have known it given with good Success by half an Ounce at a Dose, and repeated Two or Three times in a day, and that for several days successively.  
The first Washing which you put by, may be evaporated, and you will have the Antimonial Sal Prunellae, which is endowed with the same Virtues as Sal Polichrestum.   

Cerus of Antimony.  
IT is made with the Regulus of Antimony and Niter in the same Proportion and Manner as you made the Antimonium Diaphoreticum.  
It's Use and Dose the same.   

Antihecticum Poterij.  
IT is made of one part of Regulus Jovis, and three parts of Nitre beaten into Fine Powder, and mixed, and in all things proceed as you did with Cerussa Antimonij.  
It's administered in the Pox, Hectic Fevers, and Consumptions.  
It's Dose is from Five Grains to a Drachm.   

The Medicinal Antimony.  
ANtimony Five Ounces, Salt of Bohemian-tartar one Ounce, Common Salt Four Ounces, Powder and Mix them well, and let them stand in the Crucible half an Hour melted; Than turn out the Compound into a warm, greased Cone, or let it stand in the Grucible till cold; beaten of the Scoria, and powder the purer part which remains in the bottom; give it several lotions of warm Water till the Salts are all washed from it: Than dry it, and keep it for use.  
Some attribute only a Diaphoretick Quality to it; but it will in some Constitutions▪ both Vomit and Purge.  
It's Dose is from Three to Fifteen Grains.   

The Magistery of Antimony.  
TAke Four Ounces of Antimony in very Fine Powder; Put it into a large Matrass; pour upon it one Pound of Aqua Regis by Four Ounces at a time, set it upon a Sand-heat in a Chimney, that the Fumes may ascend without offence; Make a small Fire, and let it stand in a heat of digestion Ten or Twelve hours, shaking it once in Two or Three hours; Than let it cool and put to it a Gallon of Fountain Water, which you must pour of before it settles; put to it more Water: stir it and pour it to the other before it settles, repeat this Operation till nothing remains in the Matrass but a Yellow Powder, which is the combustible Sulphur of Antimony; Let the white powder settle, and decant the Water, and by several Ablutions make the Magistery, insipid, dry it, and Keep it for use.  
It's operation is more Cathartick than Emetic, sometimes it operates by Sweat.  
It is used in Apoplexies, the Palsy, and Hypochondriacal Distempers.  
It's Dose is from Five to Fifteen Grains.   

Poterius his Cordial.  
TAke Regulus Martis in fine Powder Four Ounces, of Gold dissolved in Aqua Regis one Ounce and an half; Let the Aqua Regis be drawn from the Gold, than mix it with the Regulus; Put to the Gold and Regulus, twelve ounces of Nitre; Mix all Exactly, and put it into a read hot Crucible by a spoonful at a time; Let it stand in a melting heat an hour, than let it cool, and proceed, as you did in the Antihecticum Poterij, or Cerussa Antimonij: I have made it both with Gold and the anodine Sulphur of Mars; and the latter has been approved of as the better Medicine.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic, and It is said to be a purifier of the Blood, a strengthener of the Heart and Stomach, good against Malignant Fevers, the Smallpox, and the Plague.  
It's Dose is from Six Grains to Two Scruples.  
If to one Ounce of this Magistery you put Twelve Ounces of Spiritus Nitri Dulcis, and let them stand Three days in Digestion in a Matrass, shaking them now and than, after which draw of the Spiritus Nitri Dulcis; and if you afterwards put upon it one Pound and an half of Spirit of Wine tartarised, and let it stand Twenty Four hours on warm Sand and Decant the Spirit of Wine, and lastly set it in the Arch of a Glass-House Five or Six Days, it will have acquired a read colour, and be more Diaphoretic.  
It's operation is than Diaphoretic and sometimes a little Cathartick; and I have heard it has cured the Venerial Pox and Gout, Kings-Evil, and Leprosy.  
It's Dose the same as before.   

The Glass of Antimony.  
TAke a Pound of Antimony, and reduce it into Fine Powder, and set it over a gentle Fire; calcine it in an Unglazed Pan, till it comes to be of an Ash-Colour and ceases to Fume; you must keep it continually stirring, and if it should run into Lumps, you must powder them again, and than proceed to finish the Calcination: When that is done, put the Calcined Antimony into a Crucible; set it upon a Tile in a Wind Furnace; put a thin Tile on the Top, and cover it all over with Coals, and when 'tis brought to Fusion, keep it so in a strong Fire for an Hour; than put into it an Iron Rodriguez, and when the melted Antimony which adheres to it, is transparent, power it upon a smooth hot Marble, and when 'tis cold, put it up for use; This is Vitrum Antimonii, or Stibium.  
It's Operation is Emetic, and one of the strongest that is prepared.  
It's Dose is from Two to Eight Grains. It is used in Infusion like Crocus Metallorum, and given in the same Cases.   

White Flowers of Antimony.  
PRepare a Sett of Subliming Pots, and let the lowermost be of the Shape of an Earthen Body; it must be Twelve or Fourteen Inches high, and its Mouth Three Inches Diameter; In the middle of this Body must be a Perforation of an Inch and a quarter Diameter, exactly fitted with a Stopple of good Earth; Place this upon an Iron Bar in a naked Furnace, Nine or Ten Inches above the Grate; and close the Body to the Perforation with Lute and Tiles, only leaving Three or Four Registers of an Inch and a quarter Diameter, at an equal Distance. Than fit to it Three or Four Aludels of Earth, one above another, and upon the uppermost Aludel fit a Glasshead with a Beak; Lute the junctures of the Aludels Body and Head; and to the Beak fit a small Receiver un-Luted.  
Kindle the Fire, and when the lower Pot is read hot, put in of Antimony in Powder about a Spoonful, with a Latinware Scoop made for that purpose; Keep up the Fire well, and when you perceive not more Fume to rise into the Head, put in another Spoonful, and so continued till you have as many Flowers as you desire; when all is cold, take of the Aludels carefully, and with a Feather wipe of the Flowers upon a Sheet of Paper, and put them up for use.  
It is a strong Emetic, and its violence is such, that 'tis seldom given without Correction.  
It is given to Lunatics; also in Agues, and all intermitting Fevers.  
It's Dose is from Two to Five or Six Grains.   

Flowers of Regulus of Antimony, with Sal Armoniac.  
TAke Regulus of Antimony, and clean Sal Armoniac ana half a Pound, Powder and Mix them well; and in all things proceed as in making the other Flowers. When you wipe the Flowers from the Aludels; Put them into clean Water to dissolve the Sal Armoniacum, and wash the Flowers from the Salt; Dry them, and put them up in a Vial for use.  
They are not so violent as the former, and given in the same Cases.   

Antimonium Resuscitatum, or Antimony Revived.  
TAke the Flowers of Antimony and Sal Armoniacum, without separation; Put them into a Cucurbit, and to every Four Ounces of these Flowers, put of Distilled Vinegar One Pound; Let them stand upon warm Sand in Digestion Eight Days; Than exhale the Distilled Vinegar, and by Ablution sweeten the Flowers, which than will be of the Pristine Colour of Antimony, and is accounted a very good Medicine.  
It's Operation is Emetic and sometimes Diaphoretic.  
It is administered in the Scurvy, Dropsy, Jaundice, Agues, Fevers and Consumptions.  
It's Dose is from Four to Ten Grains.   

Dr. B's. Panacaea of Antimony.  
TAke of Antimony Six Ounces, of Nitre Ten Ounces, of Common Salt One Ounce and an half, and of Charcoal an Ounce; Let them all be made into Fine Powder, and well mixed, and be put into a red-hot Crucible by half a Spoonful at a time, continued the Fire a quarter of an Hour after: Than either pour it into a Cone, or let it cool in the Crucible, and you will found Three Substances, viz. in the Bottom a little Regulus; above that a compact Matter, something like the Liver of Antimony, and upon the Surface, a more Spongy Mass; separate them one from another, and put by the Regulus; Powder the other two, and wash them apart, till they have no Taste of the Salts; dry them gently, and keep for use.  
The uppermost Substance is counted the best, and is of a sine Golden Colour, when 'tis washed. The middle Substance is not of so pleasant a Colour, and works more Churlishly. The Regulus is equal with the Regulus of Antimony.  
It's Operation is Emetic and Cathartick, and is given in the Venereal Pox, Gout, Dropsy, Scurvy, and all Intermitting Fevers.  
It's Dose is from Two to Five or Six Grains.  
☞ This is that which Mr. Lockyer aimed at in the Composition of his Pill, by which he got a good Estate.   

The Panacaea of Antimony without Fire.  
REduce Four Ounces of Antimony into a most subtle Powder; Put it into a Matrass, and pour upon it One Pound of strong Capital Leeses of the Soap-boilers: Set them to Digest on warm Sand, Four or Five Days, and shake them often; Than add some warm Fountainwater; shake it well about; let it stand Two or Three Seconds of Time, and pour it of into a clean Pan; Repeat that Ablution, till all the brown Powder is separated from that which appears like crude Antimony; to which put more Capital Leeses, and so proceed in all things as before, till all the Antimony is brought into a subtle brown Powder; which wash well from its Salts; Dry it, and keep it for use.  
It's Operation is sometimes Diaphoretic, other times Diuretic; and also, Cathartick and Emetic.  
It's Virtues are the same with other Antimonial Preparations; and is frequently given as a Succedanium to that called Russel's Powder.  
It's Dose is from Five Grains to an Ounce and an half, or Two Scruples.   

The Butter, or Icy Oil of Antimony, and its Cinnaber.  
TAke of Antimony and Mercury Sublimate ana Two Pounds; Powder and Mix them well; Put them into a coated Retort, which must not be charged above a Third Part; Set it upon an Iron Bar in a little flat Dish with some Sand in it in an open Furnace; Make a small Fire at first, but increase gradually to the Second Degree, and the Butter will rise into the Neck of the Retort, which melt into the Receiver with Live Coals. Keep the Fire still in that Degree, till you perceive the Neck of the Retort tinged Read: Than change the Receiver, and increase the Fire to the Third Degree, where keep it two Hours, after that give two Hours Fire of the Fourth, and it will raise the Cinnaber into the Neck of the Retort: When all is cold, take it out of the Furnace, break the Retort, and take out the Cinnaber.  
It is only used Externally as a Caustick.   

Mercurius Vitae.  
LET the Butter be melted, either by the Air, or a gentle Heat: Put it in a clean Retort; Set it in a Sand Furnace, and by a Fire of the Second Degree Distil it; The Butter will be made more white and pure, and by this Rectification by separated from some dirty Faeces, which will remain in the bottom of the Retort. Melt all the Rectified Butter into the Receiver, and put to it warm Fountain-water; stir it well with a clean Stick; when 'tis settled, pour of by Inclination, and keep the first by; Put on more Water, stir, and let it settle; and so do till the Powder is freed from all saltish Taste; than dry it gently, and keep for Use.  
It's Operation is Emetic.  
It's Virtues are the same with the Flowers of Antimony.  
It's Dose from two to eight Grains.   

Mineral Bezoar.  
TAke four Ounces of Rectified Butter of Antimony; Put it into a Retort, and to it twelve or sixteen Ounces of Spirit of Nitre, by two or three Ounces at a time. Place the Retort in a Chimney, to avoid the hurtful Fumes: When all the Spirit of Nitre is in, and the vehemence of its Action over, put it in a Sand Furnace; Fit and Lute a Receiver to it, and give gradual Fire to the Third Degree. When it ceases to drop, let out the Fire, and when cold, take it out, and keep it in a Glass well stopped from the Air.  
It's Operation is Sudorific; which Operation it performs more sensibly than Antim. Diaphoret.  
It is counted a great Resister of Poison, and given in all Pestilential Distempers.  
It's Dose is from ten Grains to two Scruples.  
Some Calcine it in a Crucible, after it is taken out of the Retort: Others think it better to let that part of the Spirit of Nitre it holds, to remain with it.   

Oil of Antimony, with Sugar-Candy.  
TAke of Antimony and Sugar-Candy, of each one Pound; Let them be well powdered, and mixed with three Pound of clean dry Sand; Put them in a Retort, leaving it above half empty; Set it in a Sand Furnace, and with a Fire of the First Degree; let the Phlegm Evaporate, till the Drops come Acid. Than throw away that which is Distilled, and fit the Receiver again, which Lute with a Bladder dipped in the White of an Egg; Increase the Fire to the Second Degree, and so keep it one Hour; than to the Third, in which continued it two Hours; and so proceed to the Fourth two Hours more, which will finish the Operation: When all is cold, take out the Liquor, and keep for Use.  
It cleans Ulcers and Teters, it also kills the Itch.   

The Essence of Antimony.  
TAke the Flowers of Antimony, or Mercurius Vitae, and Sal Mirabile, of each one Ounce; of clean Crystals of Bohemian-tartar two Ounces; of Sugar-Candy four Ounces; Powder and grinned them well together; Put them in a clean Pan, with three Pints of Spring-water; Let them simper over a Fire, for eight or ten Hours, and stir them often. Filter the Liquor whilst it is warm, and Evaporate it in a gentle Heat, to the Consistence of a Syrup. Than put to it a Pint of Spirit of Wine; let it stand in Digestion in a Matras well stopped, three Days, in which time it will be well tinged: Than by gentle Inclination, pour of the Tincture into a Body, to which fit a Head and Receiver, and draw of one half of the Spirit of Wine; that which remains in the Body put into a Vial, and keep for Use.  
It's Operation is Emetic and Cathartick, and is given in all Diseases wherein Antimonial Medicines are proper.  
It's Dose from five, to fifty Drops, in Ale, Wine, Milk, or Water.   

The Tincture of Antimony.  
PUT half a Pound of Salt of Bohemian-tartar into a Crucible, set it in a melting Furnace, and heat it till it melts; Than put to it (by a spoonful at a time) four ounces of Antimony in Powder; let it stand in a strong melting heat, the space of One Hour; Take it from the Fire and put it into a warm Mortar; beaten it to Powder, and whilst warm, put it into a Martrass; Pour upon it Tartarised Spirit of Wine one Pound, and invert a Glass into the mouth of the Cucurbit; lute it well, and set it in Digestion Three or Four Days, in which time the Spirit of Wine will be well tinged, take it from the heat, set it on one side to settle, and decant it into a dry Vial, which keep well stopped for use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic, It opens the obstructions of Women, is good against Hypochondriack Melancholy, Smallpox, and Malignant Fevers.  
It's Dose is from Ten to Fifty or Sixty Drops.   

Tinctura Regalis.  
TAke of Copper in little pieces Two Ounces, put it into a Crucible, set it in a melting Furnace; when it is read hot, put to it (in gross Powder) Fourteen Ounces of Regulus Jovis; Let them melt well together the space of a quarter of an hour; Than cast them into a warm greased Cone, when cold, beaten them into fine Powder, which must be put (by a spoonful at a time) into double its weight of Melted Salt of Bohemian-tartar, when it is all in, shut the door of your Melting Furnace, and keep it in the strongest Fire you can give for Two or Three hours: Than take it from the Fire: and pour it into a clean warm Iron Mortar, beaten it to Powder whilst warm, and before it attract any Air, put it into a Matrass wherein there is One Pound of Spirit of Wine tartarised; Lute it as you did the Tinctura Antimonij, and in all things proceed as in that Tincture.  
It's operation is Sudorific and Diuretic: some think it almost an Universal Medicine, and indeed I have known it successfully used in several distempers.  
It's Dose is from Twenty to an Hundred Drops.   

Observations.  
THe Melting Furnace must be placed in a Chimney, 
Antim. Regulus.  and have a care you do not bring any spark of Fire along with the Spoon you project the mixture with, if you do, it will set all the Composition on Fire.  
If you do not pass the Liquor through the Strainer while it is hot, 
Sulph. Auratum.  it will coagulate, when it has passed the Filter, and when you precepitate the Sulphur, remove it into some place where the Stench may not offend you. You must wash it very often with warm water, to dissolve the Salts which adhere very strictly to it.  
Nails are better than Filing of Iron, 
Regulus Martis.  because they lie more hollow, giving way for the Antimony to mix and melt more easily with the Mars.  
If you give this Regulus Two or Three Fusions more, 
Regulus Jovis.  and in each Fusion cast one Ounce and an half of Nitre into it, and do so as long as the Nitre meets with any Sulphur to 'cause a flame, the Regulus will be as white as Silver.  
I lessen the usual Quantity of Nitre, 
Crocus. Metalorum  and in its place substitute Common Salt, which both helps Fusion, and causes a better Separation of the Crocus from the Scoria.  
You must in this, 
Antimon. Diapkeret.  as in most Calcinations of Antimony with Nitre, be careful not to bring a Spark of Fire from the Furnace to the Mixture; and after Calcination, beware you put not the Crucible into Water, when it is too hot, lest it fly all about your Face.  
In the Cerus there is no danger of firing the Mixture, 
Cerussa Antimon.  because the Combustible Sulphur is spent in making the Regulus.  
The Jupiter gives it a Bluish Colour; 
Antihect. Poterij.  and that is all in which it Differs from the Cerussa Antimonij.  
Let the Salts be very dry when they are mixed with the Antimony, 
Antimoninm Medic.  and after they are Sufficiently melted together, and become cold, make them into a subtle Powder, before you wash of the Salts.  
Make the Dissolution in a Chimney and in a large Vessel, 
Magister. Antimonij.  because the Ebullition is so Violent, that if the Vessel be not large, the matter will boil over.  
If you will not be at the Charge of Gold in this Preparation, 
Poterius. ●is Cordial  the Anodine Sulphur of Mars is a good Succedaneum.  
It's Calcination requires Care and Patience; 
Vitrum Antimon.  The Fusion must be strong, and the Quantity proposed in the Process, requires at lest Two hours' Fire.  
This Operation requires Attendance; 
Flores Antimon.  for If you let the Heat slacken you will lose both Time, and Fire considerable before you raise the Flowers again.  
If you desire but a small quantity of these Flowers, 
Flor. Reg. Antimon.  you may perform the Operation in a Sand Furnace, by putting the matter into a Retort, sitting to it a Receiver, and proceeding with gradual Fire, as you do in the Preparation of Ens Martis.  
If you make this Medicine of the Flowers of Regulus, 
Antimon. resuscitat.  it will be milder than that made of crude Antimony, because much of its foul Sulphut is evaporated in the Preparation of the Regulus.  
If you mix Ten Grains of the siner sort of this Preparation with one Ounce of white Sugar-candy in impalpable Powder, 
Dr. B's Panacaea Antimon:  and will make them up into a Mass, you may divide them into an Hundred Pills, and One, Two or Three of these will work gently by Stool and Vomit. The Mucilage of Gum Tragac. is proper to make up the paste.  
Reduce the Antimony into most subtle powder, 
Panacaea. Sineigne;  and see that the Capital Leeses and Vessel be clean, and you cannot Err in this Operation.  
When you mix the Sublimate with the Antimony musfle yourself for a Defence against the Steam of the Sublimate; 
Butyrum Antimonij.  and also carefully avoid the Fumes of the Butter when you change the Receiver.  
If you have a Pound of Butyrum, 
Mercurius Vitae.  Put not above four Pound of water to it for the first Ablution: stir it often with a clean wooden Spatula to break its Coagulum; Than let it stand to settle, and carefully pour of the Water, of which by Rectification is made the Philosophic Spirit of Vitriol.  
Lute not on the Receiver, 
Bezoard. Mineral.  till the violence of the Fumes are over, jest when the Fire augments its Motion, it break the Retort or Receiver. Do not exceed the third Degree of Fire, nor let it stand long in after the Spirit of Nitre is drawn of, to prevent discolouring the Bezoardicum Minerale. The Spirit of Nitre being now impregnated with the Spirit of Common Salt which was in the Butyrum is become an Aqua Regia, and will dissolve Gold, and is called Spiritus Nitri Bezoardicus.  
The Sand is mixed with the Antimony and Sugar, 
Ol. Ant. cum Sacharo.  to hinder the matter from boiling over, which it would be very apt to do without the Sand; If you would have it freed from its Empyreum, and fit for internal use; weigh the Oil and Spirit; and put to it a Third part is weight of Spiritus Nitri Dulcis. Set it in a Matras, upon warm Sand, in Digestion Four or Five days, Than put it into a long bodied Retort, or Cucurbit, with its head and Receiver; Lute the joints, give gradual Fire to the Third degree, which Keep till it leaves dropping; Than put up the Spirit for use.  
It is accounted an excellent remedy against all intermiting Fevers, Especially Quartane.  
It's Operation is gently Emetic, and Cathartick.  
It's Dose from Five to Fifty drops.  
As the Liquor Evaporates in boiling, 
Essentia Antimonij.  take care to supply it with clean warm Water till it is fit to be Filtered.  
If you would produce this Tincture in lesle time than the Process directs, 
Tinct. Anti.  let it stand in such a Heat as will keep the Spirit of Wine simpering five or six hours, and the Tincture will be Extracted.  
In place of two Ounces of Copper, 
Tinct. Rega.  if you put two Ounces and an half of the Scoria of Copper (which the Braziers call Spill-dust) you will have a more glori-Tincture.  
Some are of Opinion, That the Emetic Quality of Antimony is not to be so far destroyed by any Preparation that can be made thereof, but that it will return again when it has been kept for some time, or exposed to Air; but I have kept several of the foregoing Preparations, and especially the Tinctures, many Years without any sensible alteration.    

CHAP. X. Of Lapis Calaminaris.  
IT Dries, Binds and Cleanses, fills Ulcers with Flesh, and is a good Opthalmick; It Incorporates with Copper, and makes Brass: It is found in the North Parts of Germany, in the North of Wales, and in the West of England. Internally it is not much used; although it affords one of the best Emetics and Diaphoreticks commonly known.  

Preparations of Lapis Calaminaris.  
The Magistery of Lapis Calaminaris.  
TAke four Ounces of Lapis Calaminaris, beaten it into fine Powder; Put it into a Matras, and Pour upon it one Pound of Spirit of Salt; Let them digest upon warm Sand forty eight Hours; Filter the Dissolution, and Precipitate the Magistery with Spirit of Urinal; free it from its Salts by several Ablutions; dry it gently, and keep for Use.  
It's Operation is Emetic and Cathartick, and is used in all Cases wherein Antimonial Emetics are proper.  
It's Dose is from three to eight Grains.   

Diaphoretick Calaminaris.  
Beaten four Ounces of Lapis Calaminaris into fine Powder; Put it in a Matras (which place in a Chimney) and put to it (by three or four Ounces at a time) one Pound of Spirit of Nitre; Let it stand covered from Dirt falling into it twenty four Hours; than decant the clear Liquor, which put into a Retort; set it in a Sand Furnace, and give it gradual Heat to the Third Degree, and so keep it till no Drops fall from it. When all is cold take it out of the Retort, and keep for Use.  
It is a good Sudorific, and answers the Purposes of Antimonial Diaphoreticks. It is also an Excellent Collyrium; one Ounce of it being infused twenty four Hours in half a Pint of white Wine, and a drop or two of that Infiusion put into the Eye, three or four times a Day.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to half a Dra.   

Observations.  
LET the Spirit of Salt be Rectified, 
Magifler. Lapis Cal.  because in the first Distillation there is mixed with it a foul Sulphur or Flower, which may discolour the Magistery.  
Some People will wash the Diaphoret. 
Calamin. Diaphoret.  when taken out of the Retort; others will put to it three times its weight of Tartarised Spirit of Wine, and let it stand in Digestion twenty four Hours, shaking it often, and than let it simper one Hour, and when cold, pour of the Spirit of Wine, and dry by a gentle Heat the Diaphoretic, which they keep for Use.  
It is a good Diaphoretic.  
It's Dose from ten, to forty or fifty Grains.    

CHAP. XI. Of VITRIOL.  
OF Vitriols we have six Sorts Vendible among us (viz.) Hungarian, Dantzick, Roman, or Cyprus, English and German, and likewise White Vitriol. It is said they are all Composed of an Acid Salt, and Sulphureous Earth; but it is most certain that there is a Proportion of Metal in them all, as it evidently appears by rubbing Dantzick, Hungarian, Roman, and White Vitriol, upon the Blade of a Knife, which they will leave tinged of a Copper Colour. And in London, it is well known, that all the Old Iron which is gathered by many poor People, are sold to the Copperas-Houses at Rotherhith and Deptford, which they boil up with the Dissolution of the Marchasite Pyritis, or Firestone.  
In Colour the Hungarian and Dantzick are Green, but the first is the deeper: The Roman or Cyprus is Blue; The English is yet of a Paler Green than either. The White takes its Name from its Colour. There is also a Read Vitriol, which is that of Germany, and yet of no great Use among us. It is supposed to be a Green Vitriol, Calcined by a Subterranean Heat.  

The Purification of Vitriol.  
ALL Vitriols are made Pure by Dissolution, Filtration, Evaporation and Coagulation, or Crystalization. If you will Purify them to the height, you must so often Repeat the former Operations, that by ten Days digestion between each Dissolution, there will settle no Faeces.   

Calcination of Vitriol.  
PUT what quantity of Green Vitriol you please into an Earthen Pot; make a gradual Fire under it, and as it heats, it will dissolve; continued the Fire, and increase it, till the Liquor is again Coagulated, and the Mass of a greyish Colour.  
This is Calcined Vitriol, fit for some Uses: But if you design it fit for the Distillation of its Oil, or for Calcanthum Rubefactum, you must continued it in a strong Fire, till it is very Red.  
It is used to stop Blood, being applied to the Wound.   

The Distillation of Oil, and Spirit of Vitriol.  
Beaten the Colcothar to Powder, and sift it through a corpse Hair Sieve, than put into those Pots called Long Necks, five or six Pound a piece of Calcined Vitriol, and place them in a Reverberatory Furnace; Lute on the Receivers, with Lutes made of Clay, Sand, and cut Flax; than make a small Fire under the Grate, with Charcoal and Small-coal; stop the Firehole of the Furnace, and the Ash-hole slightly: Let the Fire smother so six or eight Hours, to dry the Furnace and Junctures of the Receivers: Than put the Fire upon the Grate, and keep it in the first Degree six or eight Hours; increase it to the Second, four or five Hours, and so to the Third, which will raise white Clouds into the Receiver; continued it so long as you see white Clouds come over; when they begin to abate, augment it to the Fourth Degree in its Extremity, and continued it till the Vitriol emits no Fumes.  
Than let all cool, and carefully take of the Receivers, and put the Distillation into a Retort, which place in a Sand Furnace; fit a Receiver without Luting; make a gentle Fire, which will raise a little insipid Phlegm, which has a Sulphureous Smell; put that into a Vial, and stop it. Put on the Receiver again, and continued the Second Degree of Fire, and so pass on to the Third, which continued till Fumes rise into the Receiver, and you perceive the Oil in the Retort to be clear and white, as Rockwater: Than let all cool, and put the Spirit by itself, and the Oil left in the Retort by itself also.  
The Sulphureous Spirit is given in Palsies, and Diseases of the Lungs. The Spirit is commonly mixed with Juleps. In Physic the Oil is of the same Use as that of the Spirit, in an Eighth, or Tenth Part the Dose.   

Gilla Vitrioli, commonly called, Salt of Vitriol.  
DIssolve what Quantity of white Vitriol you please in warm Fountainwater, Filter it, and let it stand warm twenty four Hours to settle its Faeces: Decant it of from the Sediment, and Evaporate it to a Pellicle in an Earthen-Pan. If you see still some yellow Faeces at the bottom of the Pan, pour it out into a clean Vessel, by gentle Inclination, and set it two or three Days in a cold place to shoot into Crystals.  
It's Operation is Emetic.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to one Dram.  
There is a Salt Extracted with warm Water out of the Caput Mortuum of the Oil of Vitriol, which is very little (if at all) in Use.   

The Compound Cathartick Salt of Vitriol, and its Sulphur.  
DIssolve what Quantity you please of Common Martial Vitriol; Filter the Dissolution, and put it into a Matras, set it in Digestion fifteen Days; if any Faeces fall in that time, carefully decant the Liquor from them into a clean Vessel, and drop into it as much Oil of Bohemian-tartar, as will Precipitate all its Sulphur, which you will see fall in a brown Powder. Let it settle, and pour of the clear Liquor. Evaporate it to a Pellicle, and set it by in a cold place to shoot into Crystals.  
The Operation of the Crystals is Cathartick and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to 2 Scruples, or one Dram. It is a very Aperitive and Cleansing Medicine. The Sulphur is the same with that of Mars beforementioned.   

Aqua Stiptica.  
TAke Colcothar, burnt Alum and Sugar Candy ana one Drachm, Urinal of a sound Person, and Rosewater ana one Ounce; Plantane-water Four Ounces; Grinned all well together in a Mortar till it is without the lest Lump; than put it into a Matrass, and let it stand in Digestion Twenty Four Hours; let it settle, and pour it from the Faeces. If you would have it more Styptic, put one Drachm of the Liquor left after the last shooting of Sal Chalibis, or Vitriolum Martis to it.   

Spiritus Vitrioli Dulcis.  
PUT into a Matrass, Spirit of Wine Two Pounds, and pour into it one Pound of Oil of Vitriol, by an Ounce at a time; fit and lute on a Head and Receiver; kindle the Fire, which increase gradually to the Third Degree, till no Drops fall from the Nose of the Head; Than cease the Fire, and put what is Distilled into a Vial well stopped.  
Some will return the Spirit upon the Black Matter left in the Body, and draw it over again; and so do three or four times till nothing is left but a dry, black Crust.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from Twenty to an Huundred Drops, in a large quantity of Liquor.   

The Diaphoretick Spirit of Vitriol.  
TAke of Salt of Bohemian-tartar and burnt Hartshorn ana Two Ounces; put them in a Matrass, and add to them, by little and little, half a Pound of the foregoing Spiritus Vitrioli Dulcis; set the Mixture in a Sand Furnace, fit to it a Head and Receiver, lute well the Junctures, and draw it of to a dry bottom, in a Fire of the Second Degree: Than take of the Spirit, and put to it Saffron and Cocheneal ana one Ounce, Virginia Snake-root half an ounce, stop the Vessel well; set it upon warm Sand to Digest Twenty Four Hours, sometimes shaking it; afterwards let it settle, and keep it in a Vial well stopped.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It is given in all Fevers, and even in the Plague itself, with good Success: Also in Dropsies and the Jaundice. It powerfully opens Obstructions, and cleanses the Lungs.  
It's Dose is from Thirty to one hundred and twenty Drops.   

The Medicinal Stone.  
TAke common Green Vitriol half a Pound, and the same quantity of White Vitriol, of Alum twelve Ounces, Anatron or Sandiver, and common Salt ana one Ounce and a half, Salt of Bohemian-tartar two Ounces: beaten them grossly, mix them with four Ounces of Vinegar, and put all into an Earthen Pan, which will contain three times their quantity, set them in a Fire to melt, and stir them often; when they begin to thicken, mix diligently of Venice Cerus four Ounces, and of Bole Armoniac two Ounces, both in fine Powder; keep them in the Fire, continually stirring till they grow hard; than let all cool, break the Pot, and put up the Stone for Use.  
It Fastens Teeth, Preserves the Gums, Heals and Dries up Ulcers and Wounds, and is also used in Injections, and Eye-Waters.   

The Sympathetical Powder.  
TAke good English Vitriol, such as we call Bow-Copperas, Purify it as before directed, by two or three Dissolutions, Filtrations, and Crystallizations; set those Crystals in a clean Pan in the Sun, either of June, July, or August, so long till they are Calcined to Whiteness; when one side is Calcined, turn the other, and in a few Days the Crystals will crumble into Powder; if they do not, you may Beaten, and Expose them again to the Sun, stirring them three or four times every Day: At last beaten them into very fine Powder, and again set them in the Sun, stirring as before, for two or three Days more, in which time they will be very white: Than take in the Matter, while the Sun shines hot upon it, and keep it from the Air in Glasses well stopped, and in a dry place.  
It is a Mild, but a Powerful Styptic, always successfully applied in Stopping of Blood, either at the Nose, or of Wounds, and where there is no Fracture of the Bone, will heal.   

The Royal Styptic.  
UPon four Ounces of Sympathetick Powder, affuse half an Ounce of good Oil of Vitriol; stir them well in a Glass Mortar, with a Pestle of the same, and let them stand twenty four Hours on warm Sand, in a wide-mouthed Glass; Grinned this Mixture again with a little Spirit of Wine, and put it in a Matras; pour upon it more Spirit of Wine, to make that already used, a Pint. Lute it well, and let it stand forty eight Hours in Digestion, often shaking it; than let it stand to cool and settle, and decant the Spirit of Wine, which keep well stopped. Remove the Cucurbit or Matras, into a Sand Furnace; Lute on its Head and Receiver, and drive over the Helm, all that will rise in the Third Degree, which also keep by itself; Let all cool, and take out what is left in the bottom, powder it, and put it into a Cucurbit; Pour upon it Distilled Rain-Water one Pound; set it on warm Sand forty eight Hours, and shake it often; than let it settle, decant, and keep it for Use.  
The Impregnated Spirit and Water may be used apart, or mixed; and if you would add strength to the Mixture, you may put some of the Acid Spirit drawn of, after the Spirit of Wine was Decanted: But if you would make the best Styptic Powder, put equal Parts of the Impregnated Spirit of Wine and Water, and Evaporate to Dryness.  
It is both a Powerful Styptic, and one of the best Vulneraries in the World.   

Observations.  
IN Calcination begin with a very gentle Fire, till the Vitriol is melted; 
Calcinat.  than increase leisurely, till it gins to Crust about the sides of the Vessel; otherways you may crack the Pan, and the Liquor will run out; but after it is Coagulated about the sides of the Pan, you may increase the Fire boldly.  
If the Vitriol be only Calcined to greyness (as some direct) it will Coagulate in the Pots, and become a hard Mass, 
Distillat.  so that the Fire (though never so vehement) is hindered from acting upon its Particles, by the Compactness of the Matter, and will never raise the full Strength of the Spirit in twenty Days time; therefore it aught to be Calcined to Redness, and beaten into Powder, and put in the Pots before it Attracts Air.  
The Gilla, 
Gilla Vitri.  or (what we call) Salt of Vitriol, aught to be dissolved in no more Water than will keep it from Crystallizing whilst it stands to settle, viz. Two Pound, or Two Pound and a half of Water, to one Pound of Vitriol, and that Filtered while it is warm.  
The Long Digestion is to make the more gross. 
Cathartick Salt of Vit.  Metallick Part settle to the bottom; the better it is Separated from that Metallick Part, the lesle Emetic, and more Cathartick it is rendered. The Precipitate Matter, must by many Ablutions, be rendered Tasteless and gently dried.  
The Liquor left after the shooting of Vitriolum Martis, 
Styptic Water.  is both more Styptic and Vulnerary (by its Impregnation with the Sulphur of Mars) than the Oil of Vitriol is of itself.  
If you Cohobate the Spirit. 
Spirit Vit. Dulcis.  Vitrioli Dulcis, upon the black Residence left in the bottom of the Retort, it Exalts its Virtue.  
Let the Salt of Tartar be clean, 
Diaphoret. Spirit of Vitriol.  and the Heart's Horn well burnt, and put not above one Ounce of the Dulcified Spirit of Vitriol to the Salt and Calx at a time.  
The Vessel in which you make it must be three or four times bigger than will contain the Ingredients, 
Lapis Medicament.  by reason of the great Ebullition which will arise from the mingling of the Acid of Vitriol, and Distilled Vinegar, with the Salt of Bohemian-tartar, and Calx of Lead; but especially when you put in the Cerus, you must do it warily, and keep it down by continual stirring.  
You must so expose it to the Sun, 
Sympathet. Powder.  that the Rain may not fall upon it, jest it should wash it away. Some think it sufficiently Calcined in six or seven Days, exposing it only six or eight Hours in a Day; but it has been observed, That it is better performed by giving it thirty or forty Days Sun.  
I have known some direct the putting of Distilled Vinegar to the Dissolution of Vitriol, to 'cause a Precipitation, 
The Roya Styptic.  but I could never found so great a disagreement between them as to be capable to effect it. I fear such have either wrote after others, or foisted in their own Conceits, without consulting an Elaboratory, and it has cost me much Time and Money to follow them to no purpose.    

CHAP. XII. Of Sulphur, or Common Brimstone.  
IT is brought to us from Italy, and some of the West-India-Islands, being Generated of a Fat, Resinous Substance, full of an Acid, Vitriolic Spirit, as appears by its Spirit made with a Glass Vessel, resembling the shape of a Bell, from which it takes the Name of Spirit of Sulphur per Campanum, differing very little from that of Vitriol.  
We have it in three Forms, viz.  
First, Sulphur Vive, which come to us as it is dug out of the Earth, and valued at the dearest Price of the Three, for no other Reason, but that it is lesle Vendible than the other.  
Secondly, Mineral Rough Brimstone, which by Melting is Separated from a great deal of Insignificant Earth, which the Sulphur contained.  
Thirdly, That cast into small Rolls, commonly Sold by Grocers and Chandler's, which is said to be mixed with Rosin, or some other Bituminous Substance, and by Experience found to be the worst sort for the making either Flowers or Oil; the rough Mineral Brimstone is the best, for the aforesaid Uses, as having lesle Earth than Sulphur Vive, and not being mixed with any Heterogeneous Particle.  

Preparations of Sulphur.  
Flowers of Sulphur.  
TO make this to any Advantage, it must be Sublimed in an Arched Room, instead of a Glass or Earthen Receiver, and one, two, or three Hundred Weight (according to the Magnitude of the Room) may be put in at a time. You must have a great thick Iron Pan, called a Tampin, to put the Sulphur in, which must be placed immediately over the Grate, and about a third part of the Diameter of the Tampin left open above its brim, to suffer the Fumes to come into the Arch where they Condense into Flowers: The Arch aught to be at lest eighteen, or twenty two Inches thick; and that Cramped together with Iron, to resist the Force of the Fumes.  
If you design your Furnace to Sublime one hundred Weight of Flowers at a time, your Pan must be capable of holding one hundred and a quarter; your Arch five Foot high, three Foot broad, and five Foot long; and its inside and floor to be set with glazed Tiles: In the end, or side of the Furnace, you must have a Door, which must be two Foot square; it must be strongly Barricadoed, and a little Hole in it of a quarter of an Inch Diameter, which must be exactly stopped with a Plugg, by which you may know when all is Sublimed: For when you think the Operation is almost at an end, pull out the Plugg, and if the Fume come not forcibly out, the Operation is over, but if you found a strong Fume, with some Noise, continued the Fire till all is over.  
Than let all cool twenty four Hours, before the Door is opened, and than go in, and with a Wing, or clean Brush, wipe the Flowers into a heap, and take them out for use.  
It may be made in lesle quantity in Vessels of another Form: A Description of both you will see in the Preceding Plate.  
It is a good Pectoral Medicine, and used in other Physical Preparations.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to a Scruple.   

The White Flowers of Sulphur.  
Take Salt Petre fixed with Charcoal (as hereafter) half a Pound, or but four Ounces; of clean Mineral Sulphur, twice its quantity, grinned and mix them well together, than put them into a Retort, and set it in a Sand Furnace; fit to it a Receiver, but Lute it not; make a gentle Fire under it, which gradually increase to the Third Degree, and so keep it till all the Flowers rise; which you will know by the upper Part of the Retort above the Sand, being clear.  
It's Use and Dose is the same with the other. But some are of Opinion that it far exceeds the other Flowers in Virtue.   

The Milk of Sulphur.  
TAke clean Salt of Bohemian-tartar one Pound, of Flowers of Sulphur six Ounces; grinned them well together in a Stone Mortar; than put them into a strong Earthen Pan, and add of Fountainwater eight Pound: Set this Mixture over some kindled Coals, and by degrees make it boil, till the Liquor is very read, which will require three or four Hours (as the Water wastes, supply it with new warm Water) Take it from the Fire, and before it is quite cold Filter it; than drop into it Distilled Vinegar, which will 'cause the read Liquor to be muddy, and a white Powder will Precipitate; when the first Precipitation is fallen, drop in more Vinegar, and so proceed till you see the Vinegar will not make the Liquor muddy any more. After this, let all settle, and by gentle Inclination pour of the Liquor; Put Fountain-water to the Magistery; stir it well about, and let it settle; pour it of as before, and so proceed with six or eight Lotions, till the Powder is Insipid, and free from its Urinous Taste.  
It's Operation is the same of the Flowers.  
It's Dose from twenty Grains to three Scruples and a half.   

The Milk of Sulphur, with Quick Lime.  
TAke one part Sulphur, and two parts of Quick Lime; Grinned them well together, put them into an Iron Kettle, with six Quarts of Water to every three Pounds of the Mixture, and boil it till the Liquor be as read as Blood; strain it (whilst it is warm) into a Vessel, either of Glass or Earth, and let it stand to settle: What is not very clear Filter; but if it be clear, decant it into a glass Vessel, and drop into it some warm Urine, which will Precipitate the Dissolution: Wash it, as you did the former, and it answers to the same purposes.   

Balsam of Sulphur, with Oil of Olive.  
TAke of the Flower of Sulphur four Ounces, Salad-Oil one Pound; Put them in a Pipkin which will contain about three times their Quantity; Set them over a Fire, and make the Matter to boil gently; keep it continually stirring with a wooden Spatula, for the space of an Hour and half, till it is quite cool, and put it up for Use.  
It is given in Coughs, Colds, Astmahs, and Wheesing, Ptisicks and Consumptions: And Externally to heal and dry Ulcers: It eases the Pains of the Gout.   

Balsam of Sulphur, with Oil of Turpentine.  
TAke four Ounces of Flower of Sulphur, and one Pound of Oil of Turpentine; Place the Mixture in a Sand Furnace, and stop the Matras loosely with another Glass; give a small Fire for one Hour, than increase it till the Oil boils gently, in which degree keep it three or four Hours: Than let it cool, and pour of the Impregnated Oil from that which is not dissolved.  
It is a Nauseous, but an excellent Medicine for Ulcers of the Lungs.  
It's Dose from five, to fifteen, or twenty Drops.  
The Balsam of Sulphur, made with Oil of Aniseed, is performed after the same manner, and is more grateful to the Palate; also that with Oil of Amber, Iuniper, etc.   

Balsam of the Sulphur of Mars.  
TAke clean Filing of Iron, or broken Needles, one Pound; Put them into a Cucurbit, with Spirit of Salt five Pound; Let it stand in a Digestive Heat five or six Days; in which time the Iron will be almost all Dissolved; Filter and remove it into a Glass Retort; Place it in the Furnace, with a great deal of Sand about it; give Fire of the first Degree for one Hour, augment it to the Second, which continued till you cannot perceive any more Drops to fall: Than change the Receiver, and increase the Fire to the Third Degree, for one Hour, and so pass on to the Extremity of the Fourth, and keep it there four or five Hours, in which time you will have read Flowers ascend into the Neck of the Retort, and some yellow Spirit come into the Receiver. Let all cool, and remove the Vessels. In the Receiver you will have about four Ounces of a yellow Spirit: And (if you have proceeded regularly) about four Ounces of Foliated read Flowers in the Neck of the Retort. Take of the Flowers three Ounces, of the yellow Spirit one Ounce; Put them into a Matras; affuse upon them eight Ounces of Oil of Turpentine; Let them Digest upon warm Sand twenty four Hours; than augment the Fire, so as to make the Matter simper for two Hours. Let all cool, and put it carefully from the Faeces for Use.  
I have heard it Affirmed to be one of the best Vulneraries in the World, and seen wondered Effects of it, both Internally and Externally.  
It is given in all Distempers of the Breast and Lungs, the Stone, and Ulcers of the Reinss; and all other Internal Ulcers whatever. It also Cicatrises and Heals External Ulcers to a Miracle.  
It's Dose is from ten, to fifty or sixty Drops.   

Liver of Sulphur.  
TAke Flower of Sulphur four Ounces, Pure Salt of Bohemian-tartar two Ounces; Mix and melt them in an Earthen Dish; keep them stirring till they are as read as Blood, without any white Specks. Take it out of the Dish, and put it in a Glass close stopped.  
Of this is made the Tincture, Syrup, and Vulnerary Balsam, as followeth.   

Tincture of Sulphur.  
Beaten the Liver of Sulphur (while it is warm) in a warm Mortar; Put it presently into a Matras, and to four Ounces of the Liver, put one Pound of Spirit of Wine; set them in Digestion twenty four Hours, and you will have a very Read Tincture, which put up in a Vial stopped for use.  
It is given in all Distempers of the Lungs, and said to be a Preservative against Contagious and Pestilential Air.  
It's Dose from fifteen to twenty five, or thirty Drops.   

A Vulnerary Balsam of Sulphur.  
TAke of Hepar Sulphuris four Ounces, of Aloes Succatrine one Ounce and a half, and of Myrrh one Ounce, all in fine Powder; Put them into an Earthen Pot, and pour upon them one Pound of Balsam of Turpentine, with two Drams of Saffron; set them over a gentle Fire in Sand, which increase by degrees, till the Oil simper, and the Ingredients are dissolved; than let them cool, and strain the Balsam through Flannel, into a Glass, which keep for use.  
It is said to be one of the best of Balsams for the Cure of Wounds and Ulcers.   

Oil of Sulphur by the Bell.  
IT is made of the Yellow Mineral Sulphur: There is required to this Operation two wooden Frames, one Earthen Dish, with a Hole in the middle, a flat Galley-pot, and an Earthen Poringer, to burn the Sulphur in, a wide-mouthed Glass for a Receiver, and the Bell, or Campane Glass.  
Set one of the wooden Frames upon two Bricks, and put the Dish, with the Hole in its middle, upon it, and the flat Galley-pot in the middle of the Dish, with the bottom upwards, upon which set the Poringer which contains the Sulphur. Support the second wooden Frame upon two Bricks more, as you did the first, in which Frame a Hole must be made, fit for the Bell-Glass to rest in, so that the Edges of the Bell be clear of the Wood  
When the Poringer (charged with Sulphur) is fitted, set the Sulphur on Fire with a read hot Iron; when it is all melted, stir it with a clean Tobacco-Pipe, or Iron-wire, to make it burn clear; than cover it with the Bell, and in three or four Hours time you will perceive the Oil to condense about the sides of the Bell, and drop into the Dish, and so into the Receiver.  
When you perceive the Sulphur to burn dull, take of the Bell, and stir about the Sulphur with an Iron-wire, as before; than set the Glass again, and so proceed till you have as much Oil (or rather Spirit) of Sulphur, as you desire.  
It's Operation is Diuretic, and it is given in Juleps, to give 'em an agreeable Acidity to qualify the Heat in continued Fevers: Some ascribe greater Virtues to it, than is given to Oil of Vitriol; but I never could distinguish any difference more, than that one is the Vitriolic Spirit in Sulphur, and the other the Sulphureous Spirit of Vitriol.   

Salt of Sulphur.  
PUT four Ounces of Sal Polychrestum, Prepared as hereafter, in the Chapter of Nitre; Powder it in a Glass Mortar, with a Pestle of the same; Put it in a flat, wide-mouthed Glass, and put to it two Ounces of Spirit of Sulphur; stir them well together with a clean Tobacco-Pipe, and set them in a gentle Heat of Sand to Evaporate; you will have a pleasant Acid Salt, which put up in a Vial for Use.  
It's Operation is Diuretic and Cathartick.  
It's Dose from one Scruple to one Dram and a half, in Broth, or any proper Vehicle. I have known it given to five or six Drams, and than it has given four or five Motions per inferiora, as most Salts william.   

Observations.  
THE yellow, 
Flower of Sulphur.  rough, Mineral Brimstone is best for this Operation; you may have it at the Refining-Brimstone-House in Petticoat-Lane. For the first twelve or sixteen Hours, give but gentle Fire, so much as to make the Fumes rise, but not to boil over.  
You may make use of Salt of Bohemian-tartar, 
White Flo. of Sulphur.  and Nitre powdered, mixed and melted in a Crucible, instead of fixed Nitre, or Salt of Bohemian-tartar; but you must not put into the Crucible above a Spoonful at a time, as you will see in the Chapter of Tartar. 
Milk of Sulphur.   
You aught to make the Precipitation in some place where the Noisome Scent has a good Conveyance, either in a large Chimney, or in the open Air; for though it is not dangerous, yet it is as Offensive as a stinking House of Office.  
The Vessel aught not to be filled above one third, lest it should boil over, 
Balsam of Sulphur, with Salad Oil.  and take Fire with violence, and put you in Confusion. Have also a fit Cover to the Vessel ready, that you may smother it, if it should take Fire within the Pipkin.  
This aught to be placed in a Chimney, 
Balsam of Sulphur, with Oil of Turpentine  because the Steam which comes from it, is as offensive, as that in the Precipitation of Sulphur.  
This might have been placed with the Martial Preparations, but being a Sulphur, 
Martial Balsam of Sulphur.  and of the Nature of these Medicines, I have given it here.  
This Operation aught to be Performed in a Chimney: you must keep it, 
The Liver of Sulphur.  after it is melted, continually stirring, till it is read as Blood, and have a Cover ready to suppress the Flame if it should take Fire.  
You aught to make the Liver of Sulphur into fine Powder, in a warm Mortar, 
Tincture of Sulphur.  and put it into the Matras as warm as possibly you can, before it Attracts any Air; than presently put the Spirit of Wine to it, and fit a Glass to the Mouth of the Cucurbit, Lute the Joint well, and set it to Digest.  
The Pot in which you make this Balsam aught not to be filled above a third part; 
The Vulner. Balsam of Sulphur.  carefully stir it when it gins to Heat, jest it should boil over, and take Fire, which it is apt to do; have a Cover, and wet Clotheses ready, against such an Accident.  
After the Sulphur burns clear, 
Oil of Sul. by the Bell.  and the Bell set over it gins to work, it will burn, and work well for five or six Hours, when the Flame gins to decrease, take of the Bell, and place it upon an Earthen Dish (which you must set by the Frame for that purpose) put in more Sulphur, and when it is all on Fire, stir it with a clean Pipe, and put on the Bell again; and so continued till all the Sulphur you design for Spirit be burnt.  
This is not really the Salt of Sulphur, 
Saltof Sul.  but Nitre Fixed by Sulphur, and afterwards Impregnated with its Spirit.    

CHAP. XIII. Of ARSENIC.  
IT is a Juicy Combustible Mineral Substance, consisting of Sulphur, and Corrosive Salts; of which there are three sorts, viz. Yellow Arsenic, called Orpiment, Read Arsenic, called Sandarach, and the White, properly called Arsenic. It is made of the Read, by mixing equal parts of Sandarach, and Common Salt, and Subliming them together.  
The White is most used in Physic, the Yellow lesle, and the Read very little. It is one of the most Pernicious of Poisons, and so great an Enemy to the Balsam of Life, that it produceth strange Symptoms, as Convulsions, Swoonings, Gripe's, Vomitings, Palpitation of the Heart, Intolerable Heat and Thirst, with Mortification of the part where it comes.  

Preparations of Arsenic.  
To Sublime Arsenic.  
THE common way is to mix equal Parts of Arsenic and Salt decrepitate, in fine Powder; Put them in a Matras, in a Sand Furnace, within a Chimney, stopping the Mouth of the Matras loosely with Cotton, or Paper; make a gentle Fire, which increase gradually to the third Degree, and so keep till all is Sublimed: Six or Seven Hours time will be sufficient to raise the Mixture of half a Pound of each. This you may repeat as often as you think convenient, every Sublimation separating the light, fuzy Flowers, and taking only the crystalline part. This Sublimation cleanses it, but in my Opinion makes it the more Corrosive, by carrying up some of the sharp Spirit of Salt with it.   

To Sublime Arsenic for Physical Use.  
TAke of the aforesaid Sublimate one Pound, put it in a Crucible; set it in a melting Furnace, in such a Fire as will just keep it melting, where continued it for two Hours, in which time a great deal of the most Corrosive Poisonous Part will be Exhaled.  
Let it cool, and that which remains in the Crucible make into Powder, and grinned it with equal its weight of fine Filing of Iron; set them in a Sand Furnace to Sublime, as you did before, observing the same Degree of Fire, and space of time, proportionable to the quantity; Repeat this Operation twice more, every time separating the light Flower, and than you have a Sublimed Arsenic, pretty well freed from its Corrosive Poison, and fit for farther Preparation: Some have ventured to give the Infusion of this Arsenic inwardly, and say it is a great Antidote against Poison.  
It's Operation is Emetic and Cathartick.  
It's Dose from three to eight Grains, Infused in Wine.   

Diaphoretick Arsenic.  
TAke of the aforesaid sweet Sublimate of Arsenic, four Ounces, bring it into fine Powder; put it into a Retort; put to it twelve Ounces of Spirit of Nitre; set it in a Sand Furnace; make to it a gentle Fire, which increase gradually to the third Degree, and so keep it till no Drop falls from the Nose of the Retort; let it cool, and take out, and grinned the Arsenic again; put it in a new Retort, and put to it twelve Ounces more of fresh Spirit of Nitre; proceed, as you did before, to the third Degree of Fire; and when you perceive no Drop to fall from the Nose of the Retort, increase the Fire to the Fourth Degree, and so keep it for two Hours; than let all cool, take out the Medicine, which make into very subtle Powder; Put it in a Matras; put to it Tartarised Spirit of Wine half a Pound; Invert a fit Glass into the Mouth of the Matras, Lute well, and let it stand upon warm Sand twenty four Hours, often shaking it about; Take it from the Sand, let it settle, and decant the clear Spirit of Wine; Put to the Medicine half a Pound more of fresh Spirit of Wine, let it stand as before, twenty four Hours, than let cool, and when settled, decant; dry the Powder gently, and keep for Use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic.  
It's Dose from five to twenty five, or thirty Grains.  
I remember it to have been oftentimes used with good success in the Plague, in the Year 1665.   

Regulus of Arsenic.  
TAke Arsenic eight Ounces, Salt of Bohemian-tartar, made of Tartar, and Nitre, ana six Ounces, Filing of Steel four Ounces, Charcole-dust one Ounce; beaten and mix them, and by a Spoonful at a time, put them into a read hot Crucible: when it is in, make a Fire all over it, and let the Matter stand in good Fusion half an Hour, than take it out, and pour it into a warm greased Cone, or Mortar, knocking it about the sides, to make the Regulus settle; you may purify it as that of Antimony.  
There is also a Regulus of Arsenic, made of Arsenic one Pound, Potashes six Ounces, and soft Soap one Pound; mix, and put in a Crucible, covered with another that has a Hole in it; and so bring it to Fusion gradually in a Melting Furnace.   

Spirit and Butter of Arsenic.  
TAke Arsenic half a Pound, Mercury Sublimate one Pound; mix them well, and put them into a Retort; place it in a Sand Furnace; Lute on its Receiver, and give it gradual Fire, as in the Butter of Antimony, and you will have a thin Fuming Spirit, and a Butter: When all is cold, take of the Receiver; pour the Spirit into a Glass, which keep well stopped, and the Butter you must keep by itself.  
The Spirit some say will Radically dissolve Iron: the Butter is a great Caustick.  
If you put on a new Receiver, after you have taken of the Spirit and Butter of Arsenic, urge the Fire strongly, and the Crude Mercury will distil in Drops, which serves for any use that other Quicksilver can be put to; there is no need of putting Water into the Recipient, the Mercury will Condense without it. And if you desire more Dissolving Spirit, put the Butter and Spirit into a new Retort, and Distil again; and by Repeating that Operation, you will make (almost) all the Butter into Spirit.   

Arsenical Magnet.  
TAke of crystalline Arsenic, Yellow Sulphur, and Crude Antimony, of each three Ounces; These all made into Subtle Powder, and mixed, put them into a Retort; Fit a Receiver without Luting, and give it gradual Fire to the Third Degree, where keep it three Hours; augment the Fire to the Fourth, for an Hour more; than let all cool, and in the bottom of the Retort you will found a Pellucid Mass, of a dark read Colour.  
In the time of the Plague, 1665. I made this Magnet, and it was much used both in Plasters and Annulets.   

Observations.  
LET all your Operations be Performed in a Chimney, 
Sublimate of Corosive Arsenic.  that the Pernicious Fumes may freely ascend without Prejudice to the Operator; and when you grinned the Arsenic, Muffle your Mouth and Nostrils.  
The Filing of Steel being an Alkali, 
Sublimate of Sweet Arsenic.  absorbs the Corrosive Salt of Arsenic, and keeps it from Ascending with its more Sulphureous Part.  
Put not above four Ounces of Spirit of Nitre at a time upon the Arsenic, 
Diaphoret. Arsenic.  and dispose the Mouth of the Retort so, that the Fumes may best go up the Chimney; when the Fumes are well wasted, put on four Ounces more of Spirit of Nitre; and so the third time.  
When it is melted, 
Regulus of Sulphur.  and fit to take out of the Fire, let the Cone, or Mortar, be placed in the Chimney, so that you may keep from the Fumes it emits.  
When the Butter is all raised, 
Spirit and Butter of Arsenic.  you may melt it down out of the Neck of the Retort into the Receiver, by holding a kindled Charcoal under it, as you do in the Butter of Antimony; than take of the Receiver, put on another, and Distil the running Mercury.  
Some order it to be done in an Earthen Vessel, 
Magnet of Arsenic.  and kept stirring till it is well mixed, and whilst soft, to form it into Annulets; but to do it in a Retort is more safe from the obnoxionsness of the Fumes, and renders the Magnet as useful.    

CHAP. FOURTEEN. Of Salt Peter.  
IT is a Salt, though Extracted out of the Earth, yet abundantly Impregnated with the Spirit of the Air. It also cleaves to Stonewalls, Rocks, Clefts, and Caverns under Ground. That which is Extracted out of Fat Earth is made in most Countries of Europe; but our greatest Quantities come from the East-India's.  
It is Composed of near an equal quantity of Fixed and Volatile Nitrous Aireal Salts, bitterish in Taste: It is the Product of the Elements, deposited in the Bosom of the Earth, for the Generation and Nourishment of Vegetables, and may not improperly be called, The Universal and Un-specifick Mercury; which I shall leave to Quick and Fit Souls to Reflect and Philosophise further upon.  

Purification of Salt Peter.  
TAke what Quantity you please of Nitre, dissolve it in warm Water; Filter, Evaporate, and Crystallize, as you do other Salts. This is an Operation not absolutely necessary amongst us, our Refiners of Salt Peter giving it well Purified to our Hands. Some esteem the Crystalline Nitre best, and others the Lump; but I could never observe any difference in them, the one being the top; and the Lump, the bottom of the Pan, in which the Nitrous Liquor was put to shoot.   

Crystal Mineral.  
MElt what quantity you please of Salt Peter in an Earthen Pot, or very clean Iron Kettle; When it is well melted, cast a little Flower of Sulphur upon it; when that is burnt, put on more, and so do till the Nitre flows clear as Rockwater, without any scum; than with a clean Iron or Brass Ladle, take it out of the Pot, and put it into a warm Brass Pan, or Mould; when that is Coagulated, put it by, and with the Ladle take out more; and so do till all the Melted Salt is cast, which keep for Use. It is also called Sal Prunellae.  
If you desire it yet more Pure, dissolve it in clean warm Water; Filter the Dissolution, and Evaporate till a thin Skin appear upon its Surface; than set it to Crystallize; and this is called Crystal Mineral, or Sal Prunellae Crystallisatum.  
It's Operation is Diuretic and Cooling. It's given in Fevers, Quinseys', Gonorrhea's, and in Pestilential Diseases.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to one Scruple, or half a Dram.   

Sal Polychrestum.  
MIX equal Parts of Sulphur and Nitre in fine Powder, and put them into a read hot Crucible, by a Spoonful at a time; as soon as the Flame of one Spoonful is consumed, put in another, and so continued it till all your Mixture is in; put a Tile over the top, cover it all over with Coals, and keep it in Fusion four or five Hours, and than pour it into a warm Copper Vessel, and when cold, Powder and Dissolve it in warm Water; Filter the Dissolution, and Evaporate till it is dry.  
If the Salt be not so white as you desire it, put it in a Crucible, and set it in a strong Fire three or four Hours longer, continually stirring it till it is very white. Than again Dissolve, Filter, and Coagulate, and you will have a pure Sal Polychrestum.  
It's Operation is Cathartick and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from half a Drachm to one Ounce.  
If to six Ounces of Sal Polychrestum, you put one Ounce of Sublimed Sal Armoniac, and half an Ounce of Sal Mirabile Glauberi, and than Dissolve, Filter, and Crystallize them together; the Composition will be much more agreeable, and better deserve the Name of Polychrestum than before.   

The Purging Salt of Nitre.  
PUT one Pound of Nitre in a Crucible, set it in a wind Furnace; give it gradual Fire till it melts; than put into it a live Charcoal, about a quarter of an Inch Diameter, when it has done Flaming, put in another, and so continued to do till the Coal emits no Flame: This is called Fixed Nitre; Pour this into a warm Mortar, beaten it to Powder, and dissolve it in Distilled Vinegar; Filter and Evaporate in a wide-mouthed Glass; dissolve it again in fresh Distilled Vinegar, Filter and Coagulate the third time; than dissolve it in high Rectified Spirit of Wine, which Distil from it, and you will have a Salt easy of Fusion, pleasant in Taste and Operation.  
It is Cathartick and Diuretic, and opens Obstructions in all the chief Bowels.  
It's Dose is from two Scruples, to four or five Drachms.  
The Fixed Nitre being Exposed to the Air, dissolves into an Oil of Nitre, per deliquium.   

Spirit of Nitre.  
TAke one Pound of Nitre in fine Powder, and four Pound of clean Tobacco-Pipes, or Fuller's Earth, also beaten to fine Powder; mix them well, and put them into a good Earthen, or coated Glass Retort; place it in an open Furnace; Lute a Receiver, and kindle a Fire under it, which keep in the first Degree, till you see some reddish Fumes appear in the Recipient; neither augment it till those Fumes disappear; than increase to the Second, which will raise more read Fumes; when they begin to decrease, raise it to the Third, and so on to the Fourth, and most Extreme Degree of Fire, till no more Clouds come over; than let out the Fire, and as soon as it is cool enough, take of the Receiver, and put the Spirit in a Glass, with a Glass or Wax Stopple.  
It's chief Use is to dissolve Metals, which it performs as well (and some think better) than Aqua Fortis.   

Spirit of Salt Peter, with Oil of Vitriol, and the Sal Enixum of Paracelsus.  
PUT one Pound of Salt Peter into a Glass Retort, and pour upon it one Pound of Oil of Vitriol; place the Mixture in a Sand Furnace; Lute on a Receiver, and give a Fire of the first Degree two Hours, advance to the Second, where keep it two Hours longer; and so to the Third and Fourth, giving two Hours to each Degree, in which time the Operation will be ended. When all is cold, take of the Receiver, and put the Spirit in a Vial stopped with Wax, or a glass Stopple. This Spirit Answers all the ends of the former.  
In the Retort you will found a white Mass of a pleasant Acid Taste.  
It's Operation is Diuretic, and a powerful Opener of Obstructions.  
It's Dose is from one Scruple to one Drachm, in Water-gruel, Broth, Water, or any other Vehicle.   

The Sweet Spirit of Nitre.  
PUT into a Retort of Spirit of Wine Tartarised, half a Pound, to which must be added four Ounces of Spirit of Nitre, by half an Ounce at a time; a crackling will ensue upon the Mixture, and when that is over, you may put in more, and so proceed till all is in; than shake them well together, and place the Retort in a Sand Furnace; Fit a Receiver, not Luted, or but slightly; make a Fire of the First Degree, proceed from thence to the Second; where keep it one Hour and a half; and than one Hour more of the Third will finish the Operation.  
It is Diaphoretic and Diuretic; also a great Expeller of Wind, and Opener of Obstructions.  
It's Dose is from ten Drops, to one hundred.   

Single Aqua Fortis.  
TAke of Crude Vitriol three Pound, of Nitre two Pound; beaten, and mix them well; put the Mixture into an Earthen Pot, called a long Neck, place it in an open Fire; fit to it a Receiver, which Lute well with Clay, Sand, and cut Flax, wrought together; give a Fire of the first Degree for three Hours; in that time you will see some read Fumes in the Receiver, which will again disappear; than raise the Fire to the Second Degree, where keep it three Hours longer; go on to the Third and Fourth, where keep it till the Receiver is free from Fumes. When all is cold, take the Receiver of carefully, and keep the Aqua Fortis for Use; which is chief for Dyers and Refiners, and is also a good Menstruum to be used in the Preparation of other Medicines.   

Double Aqua Fortis.  
TAke of Vitriol Calcined almost to Redness, four Pound, of Nitre two Pound, both made into fine Powder, and well mixed; Put the Mixture into an Earthen Long-neck, or Glass Retort Luted, set it in a Reverberatory Furnace; Fit and Lute on a Receiver to it; kindle the Fire, and proceed, as in the single Aqua Fortis. Some mix Clay with the Calcined Vitriol and Nitre, but it is altogether unnecessary: And if you desire its Caput Mortuum washed, 'tis inconvenient.   

Tincture of Salt Peter.  
TAke of Nitre fixed with Charcoal, as directed in the Purging Salt of Nitre, one Pound; put it into a Crucible, and give it a strong melting Heat, for three or four Hours; than put it into a warm Mortar, powder it, and whilst warm, pour upon it half a Pound of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; set the Mixture in a Matras, upon warm Sand, gradually increasing the Fire, till the Spirit of Wine simper; and so continued it two or three Hours, in which time the fixed Nitre will have communicated its Tincture to the Spirit of Wine; Decant, and put on more, and Digest so long as it yields any Tincture.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It Purifies the Blood, and is a great Antiscorbutic.  
It's Dose is from twenty Drops to a Drachm.   

Fulminating Powder.  
IT is Composed of Nitre three Parts, Salt of Bohemian-tartar two Parts, and Sulphur one part; mix them diligently, and keep the Powder dry for use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from ten Gr. to one Dram.  
If you put one Dram of this Powder into a Spoon, Fireshovel, or on the Point of a Knife, and hold it over a gentle Fire, half a quarter of an Hour, it will than begin to melt, and give a Report like a Musket.   

Observations.  
THis differs not much from pure Nitre; 
Sal Prunel. or Crystal Mineral.  the burning of Sulphur upon it, consumes some accidental Dirt, which may have fallen into it; and Evaportates a little of its Humidity and Spirit; but whether this makes the Medicine more or lesle effectual, the Physician is the best Judge.  
This aught to be made of pure Nitre, because what is impure, 
Sal Polychrestum.  or of the nature of common Salt, fixes with the Medicine in its Preparation: which some (with good Reason) think not to answer the Intent of the Medicine.  
You aught to dissolve the Fixed Nitre so often in Vinegar, 
Nitrum Cathartic.  till it comes of as sharp in its Distillation from the Nitre, as it was when put to it.  
The Nitre for this Operation aught to be pure and dry; 
Spir. Nitri  for if it be not Separated from the common Salt, which is in all our unrefined Nitre, it will produce an Aqua Regia. If it be not dry, it cannot be made into such fine Powder as is requisite to keep it from melting together, by which the Emission of its Spirits would be hindered.  
This Spirit is made with lesle trouble than the former, 
Spir. Nitri. Ol. Vitrio.  and to answer the Charge of the Oil of Vitriol, you have the Salt which some have observed to be endued with all the Virtues of Tartarus Vitriolatus.  
For this Operation you need not take the trouble of making the Nitre so fine, 
Aq. Fortis simplex.  as in the Spirit of Nitre, the Crude Vitriol and Nitre melting together in the Retort, susficiently mixes them.  
The Nitre aught to be finely Powdered, 
Aq. Fortis duplex.  the better to mix the Calcined Vitriol and Nitre, before they are put into the Retort, for the Reason recited in the Spirit of Nitre.  
You may put the First and Second Tinctures together in a Retort, 
Tinct. Sal. Nitri.  and draw of so much Spirit of Wine as is necessary to leave the remaining Spirit of Wine well charged with the Tincture.  
Observe but the Process, 
Spir. Nitri Dulcis.  and no other Caution is required.  
Let the Nitre, Salt of Bohemian-tartar, and Sulphur, 
Pull Fulminans.  be all very dry, and grinned them in a warm Mortar, with a warm Pestle. For if you let them Attract Air, it lessens the Crack.  
Note, That in the Rectification of these, and all other Acid Spirits, the Phlegm comes first; whereas in all Vinous and Urinous Spirits it comes last.    

CHAP. XU. Of Common Salt.  
COmmon Salt is the Quintessential Part of Salt-Water, (viz.) of the Sea, or of Fountains, which remains after a full Evaporation of the insipid Humidity of the said Marine, or Fountainwater. Of it there are three sorts (viz.) Sal Gem, so called from its Trasparency, and similitude of Precious Stones; that made by Evaporation of the Water of Salt Fountains, and of Sea-water. The Shall Gem we have from the North-East-Countries, as Poland, etc. where there are large Rocks of it; the Fountain-Salt out of Cheshire and Worcestershire, and that of the Sea from all Parts of the World near the Sea, and of it there are two sorts, that made by Evaporation with Fuel, and that dried by the Sun, the last of which is the strongest. The Shall Gem is the most Penetrating, as appears by its Dissolving, and Volatilizing Gold, more powerfully than the other.  

Purification of Salt.  
IT is separated from its Earth, and accidental Dirt, by Dissolution, Filtration, and Crystallization.   

Decrepitation of Salt.  
PUT what quantity of common Salt you please into a Crucible, or any other Earthen Vessel which will endure the Fire; give it such a Heat as will make it crackle, but not melt; continued it in that Degree of Fire (now and than stirring it with an Iron Hook) till it cracks no more; and this you may do either before, or after Purification.   

Spirit of Salt.  
TAke of common Salt one Pound and a half, of Burned Tobacco-Pipes, or Fuller's Earth, four Pound and a half; let the Salt and Bole be well dried, and beaten into very sine Powder; than mix them exactly, and put them into an Earthen or Glass Retort Luted, which aught not to be quite two thirds full; place the Vessel in a Reverberatory Furnace; cover it with its Dome; Fit and Lute on a Receiver; make under it a Fire of the first Degree, and continued it about two Hours, in which time the Lute will be dry; than increase the Fire to the Second Degree, and continued it so three Hours, and so proceed to the Third, and there keep four Hours; urge it further to the Fourth, for five Hours longer; in which time (the Fire being exactly managed) the Operation will be ended, which you will perceive by the disappearance of the white Clouds in the Receiver; let it cool, and take of the Spirit.  
Put the Spirit into a clean Cucurbit, or Retort; place it in Sand, in a gentle Heat, fit a Receiver, not Luted; give it a gentle Fire, to raise the insipid Phlegm; when you perceive the Drops to have an acid Taste; put away that which is in the Receiver, which put on again, and Lute; keep it in a Fire of the Second Degree, till there is a Minute's space of time between the falling of each Drop. Than take of the Spirit, and keep for use. It is more grateful in Taste than it was before its Rectification.  
In the Retort will be left the heavy Spirit of Salt, which is improperly called its Oil; which may also be Rectified, and rendered more grateful, by increasing the Fire to the Third and Fourth Degree, till nothing is left in the Retort, but a Styptic Yellow Earth.  
It's Operation is Diuretic, and is used in any Vehicle, to make it of a pleasant Acidity. It is given in Fevers, Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, Dropsies, Jaundice, and to quench Thirst.  
It's Dose is from ten, to sixty or seventy Drops.   

Spirit of Salt, made with Oil of Vitriol, etc.  
TAke of clean common Salt, two Pound, of Oil of Vitriol the same quantity, and mix them thus. First put the Water into an Earthen Vessel; than put the Oil to it by two or three Ounces at a time; if you put in more it will endanger breaking the Vessel by its violent Heat.  
Than put the Salt into a Glass Retort, and put the Oil and Water to it; set it in a Sand Furnace; Fit a Receiver to it, and make a Fire of the First Degree for one Hour, and advance to the Second; where keep it three Hours; increase to the Third four Hours, and so to the Fourth, till no more Fumes or Drops come into the Receiver. This Spirit (without any Rectification) is more greateful than the former, and equal, if not exceeding it in Virtue.   

Sal Mirabile.  
TAke the Salt left in the Retort, after the Distillation of the aforesaid Spirit of Salt; Dissolve and Filter it; Evaporate part of the Water, and set the other in a cold place to Crystallize. In could Wether it will Shoot in Forty Eight Hours, and in warm Wether three or four Days.  
It's Operation is Cathartick and Diuretic, and Answers all the Uses of any of the Purging Waters.  
It's Dose from half an Ounce to an Ounce, in a Pint of Purging or Spring-Water.   

Spirit of Sal Gem.  
SPirit of Sal Gem is made in every respect as that of common Salt, either with Bole, or Oil of Vitriol.  
It's Use and Virtues are the same as Common Salt, but 'tis a more powerful Dissolver of Gold.   

Observations.  
YOU may put one part of Crude Tobacco-Pipe-Clay, 
Spirit Salt come.  to two Parts of Bole, and work it well with the Bowl or Clay moist; make it into little Pellets, which dry, and than Distil, as you are directed.  
About the middle of this Distillation the Matter in the Retort will bubble and make a noise, 
Spirit. Sal. cum Ol. Vit.  than be careful that you do not augment the Fire too fast, jest the Retort or Receiver breaks.  
If the Retort perform the Operation without cracking, 
Sal Mirab.  you may put Water to the Salt which is in it, and Dissolve and Filter, and so save the Retort. The Evaporation may be made in a clean Iron Kettle, or an Earthen one.    

CHAP. XVI. Of AMBER.  
IT is supposed to be a Bituminous Juice and Rosin of the Earth, soft and viscous; for in it we often found Flies, Aunts, etc. It is called Amber, Succinum, Carabe, and Glessum. It is found in the Persian Gulf, on the Italian Shore; also in the Currents near the Baltic Sea, in the Duchy of Prussia. It is of different Colours, viz. White, Yellow and Black: But those who work it into Beads, and other things, make a Distinction of twenty or thirty sorts.  
The White is most esteemed in Physical Use, as being best Digested, and of the most Odoriferous Smell, containing the greatest quantity of Volatile Salt. The yellow is next in goodness, and most valued by the Amber-workers, by reason of its Transparency. The Black is lest in esteem. Amber, by agitation, sends forth an agreeable Smell, and being ground into fine Powder, is given in Gonorhea's, Spitting of Blood, the Bloody Flux, and the Immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids, Terms, etc. also to stop the Violence of Catarrhs, if the Fume of it be received up the Nose.  
It is found in pieces of different sizes, from the bigness of a great Pin's Head, to those of five, six, or seven Inches Diameter; the greater Pieces are wrought into Cabinets, Cups, and several Figures, and are valued according to their Bigness and Transparency.  
That we meet withal in the Shops, is by the Druggist's generally disposed into two sorts, by separating the White and Yellow Pieces, from those that are full of Scurf and Black, which they distinguish by the Names of Fine and Course Amber: The Fine Levigated is for Physical Use, and the Course for Distillation.  

Preparations of Amber.  
Oil, Volatile Salt, and Spirit of Amber.  
TAke of course Amber in fine Powder one Pound, of Tobacco-Pipes, Bricks, Sand, or other Bowl, also in fine Powder, three Pound; mix them well, and with the Mixture fill a Retort half full; set it in a Sand Furnace; fit to it a Receiver (not Luted) make Fire of the first Degree for one Hour, increase it to the Second, and so keep it two Hours; than to the Third, in which keep it four Hours. In the first Degree some of the Acid Water we call Spirit, with a little of the finest Oil will Distil. In the Second, the Spirit and Oil will continued dropping, and some of its Volatile Salt will rise into the Neck of the Retort. In the Third, you will elevate more Salt with the Balsamic Oil; and if you will urge the Fire to the Fourth Degree, it will raise its thick Balsam. As the Salt rises into the Neck of the Retort, you aught to scrape it out with a clean flat Stick, and put it upon brown Paper to suck up the Oil: The Salt, by this means, will be white, and if you desire it more fine, you may Dissolve, Filter, and Evaporate it, and you will have a very white Salt. When the Distillation is over, and all cool, Separate the Oil and Spirit, by a Funnel, or other Separating Glass. If you would Rectify the Oil, you may put it into a long bodied Retort, and set it in Sand, and by gradual raising the Fire to the Second Degree, there will Distil a fine yellow, and clear Oil. But if you would have a pure white, and Aetherial Oil, you must put it into a Cucurbit, with three times the quantity of Water to that of Oil, with which the Vessel must not be quite half full, and than fit on the Head and Receiver, and gradually bring up the Fire to the Second Degree, or so as to make the Oil and Water bubble, and you will Distil a pure Aetherial Oil, which must be separated as before. Separate the Water from the Oil left in the Retort, and you will found it Impregnated with some of the Salt, and therefore put it into the Receiver, into which you made the First Distillation, and shake it well, to rinse out the Salt. Than pour all into a Cucurbit; fit to it a Head and Receiver; give a gentle Fire to Evaporate the Water, till the Drops fall a little Acid; than let it cool, and put it to the Spirit which you separated in the first Distillation; Rectify them together, and you have the Spirit of Amber.  
The Operation of the Oils, Spirit and Salt, is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
The Dose of the Rectified Oils is from one to twelve, or fifteen Drops; of the Unrectifyed Oil from one to six or seven Drops. The Dose of the Spirit is from ten Drops to one Drachm; and that of the Salt from two Grains to one Scruple.  
The Rectified Oil is given in Hysterical Distempers, in the Palsy, Apoplexy, and Epilepsy: The Salt and Spirit is given in the Stone and Gravel in the Kidneys and Bladder, Stoppage of Urine, Ulcers in the Neck of the Bladder, etc. The Balsamic Oil is most used externally, but often given, with good success, in old Gleets, a Disease which frequently puzzles the best Physicians.   

Tincture of Amber.  
PUT Four Ounces of Amber in very fine Powder, into a Boult-head, power upon it Twelve Ounces of Spirit of Wine, invert a small Boult-head into the Mouth of the bigger, lute well the Juncture, and set it to digest upon a heat of Sand four or five days, shaking it about two or three times in a day; when the Spirit is well tinged of an Amber Colour, power it into a Vial, and put half a pound more of Spirit of Wine, digest as before, which also will extract a Tincture, both which put into a Matras, and in a gentle heat of Ashes, draw of one half of the Spirit of Wine, which will serve again for the same Use; and put the Tincture into a Vial well stopped.  
It's Operation is a little Diaphoretic; it is give to Histerical Women, and is good for the Apoplexy, Palsy and Epilepsy.  
It's Dose from Ten to Seventy or Eighty Drops in any proper Vehicle.   

The Powers of Amber.  
TAke Oil of Amber one Ounce, the volatile Salt of Sal Armoniac half an Ounce, grinned the Oil and Salt well together in a little Mortar, power to them Spirit of Wine Tartarized half a pound, and put them afterwards into a bolt-head, invert a little Glass to make it fit for Circulation. Lute well the Joint, and put it on warm Sand to stand in Digestion four or five days, shaking it two or three times every Day, in which time the Spirit of Wine will have imbided the Oil and Salt; set it by, and when 'tis cold, put it in a Vial, well stopped, and keep for Use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic. It is of the same Use with Oil, Spirit, and Salt of Amber, and is an Excellent Medicine against the Colic in Stomach or Bowels.  
It's Dose from ten Drops to half a Dra. or two Scruples.   

Observations.  
THE Oil, Spirit, Salt and Tincture, require no other Remarks than what is given in the Processes: And if you put the Salt of Sal Volatile Oleosum, instead of the Shall Volatile Armoniacum, it will be more acceptable to some People.    

CHAP. XVII. Of CORAL.  
IT is a Petrified Plant, which shoots out from Rocks in the bottom of the Sea: There are three sorts of it, viz. Read, White, and Black-will The Read is most in Esteem and Use; the White next; but of the Black I have never met with any Preparation: The Read is found in the Seas of the East-India's, and the Mediterranean: Some say 'tis Green and Soft under Water, and by the Air is presently turned Read and hard; the Black is often upon the same Branch with the Read: The White is found in the West-Indian-Sea, upon the Coast of Spain, and in the West of England, upon the Coast of Cornwall. The Chemical Preparations of the Read are the Tincture, Magistery, and Salt; and of the White, the Magistery and Salt. But some prefer the Use of Coral brought into an Impalpable Powder, by grinding only, before any other Preparation whatsoever.  

Preparations of Coral.  
Salt and Magistery of Coral.  
TAke what quantity you please of read or white Coral in fine Powder, put it in a clean, smooth Earthen Dish, or wide-mouthed Glass; Mix with it distilled Vinegar, and there will arise presently a strong Ebullition: when it is over, put more Distilled Vinegar to it; and so continued to do as long as you perceive any Fermentation; than set it upon warm Sand, stirring it now and than with a clean Tobacco-Pipe, till you see the heat excites no Effervescense; than filter the Liquor, put by the moiety of it for the Magistery, and the other part evaporate to dryness in a gentle heat, which is the Salt of Coral.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic; and is said to revive and fortify the heart; stop Bloudy-Fluxes, and all other Hemorrhages, and to resist Poison.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to one Dram.  
Upon the other part of the Liquor, drop Oil of Tartar per deliqnium, upon which will arise a White Curd, and will in a little time precipitate to the bottom; when the Liquor is clear drop in more; and if it turns the Liquor white as before, let it settle, and so continued till the Liquor will not curdle by the Oil of Bohemian-tartar; when the Magistery is all settled, decant the Liquor, and put clean Water to the Magistery; shake it about, let it settle and decant as before, and so do five or six times, till the Magistery has lost all its Salt Taste; dry it gently, and keep it for use.  
It is endued with the same Virtues with the Salt.  
It's Doses may be augmented to Four Scruples.   

The Tincture of Coral.  
IT is made several ways, and with divers Menstruums, which by time and heat, becoming read, it is thought (with good reason) that the Tincture proceeds more from the Spirits than from the Coral; I will therefore give you one, which I think to be the most genuine Tincture of Coral.  
Reduce half a Pound of Read Coral into impalpable Powder, and mix it with equal its weight of sublimed Sal Armoniac also in Powder; put the Mixture into a Retort; which place in Sand; fit to it a Receiver, and having well Luted the Junctures, make Fire of the first degree, one hour; proceed to the second, which continued two hours; go on to the third, and keep it there three Hours, or till all the Sal Armoniac is Sublimed. It will be Tinged with variety of Colours, as Read, Green, Blue, etc. and contain in in the true Tincture of Coral, which is apparent by its Body, being left White in the bottom of the Retort. Put all these Sublimed Flowers into a Matras, and to every four Ounces of the Flowers put ten Ounces of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; set them upon warm Sand, in a double Vessel to digest, for three or four Days, and shake them every Day two or three times; when the Spirit of Wine is well tinged, put on more, and let it stand as before: Than put the tinged Spirits together (being twenty Ounces) in a Matras; draw of twelve or fourteen Ounces, and the six or eight remaining will be deeply Tinged with the Sulphur of Coral.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from ten Drops to one Dram.   

Observations.  
MAke the Evaporation in a Glass Vessel, 
Sal Coral.  with a wide Mouth, and in a gentle Heat of Sand; the Earth will suck up a great deal of Salt, and too strong a Heat will discolour it.  
When it is well settled, 
Magist. Corallij.  and washed sweet, you may drop it upon a clean Chalk stone, to absorb the Humidity, and than dry it further between Paper in the shade.  
The Sal Armon. aught to be prepared by Dissolution and Sublimation; 
Tinct. Coral  so that no heterogeneous Matter may be elevated with the genuine Sulphur of Coral.    

CHAP. XVIII. Of Japan Earth.  
IT is brought from Japan, and by the Natives called Catechu, in Colour and Weight it differs; some make nine or ten distinct sorts of it; But be it of what Colour it will, that which is lightest, breaks smooth, and is most styptic on the Tongue is best; in Taste it is something bitter, but not unpleasant, prepares the Palate to receive Wine with much pleasure: There is several Compositions of it made into Troches, that most in esteem is called Catechu; it is good against Catarrhs, Fluxes of Rheum, the Flux of the Bowels, and overflowing of Terms, etc.  

Catechu.  
MAke what quantity you please of Japan Earth into Powder; dissolve it in weak Cinnamon Water; power of the dissolution from the Feceses, and dry it gently; when 'tis dry, mix two Ounces of it with three Ounces of Sugar Candy, Ambergris half an Ounce, Musk fifteen Grains; and Butter, or (as they call it) Spirit of Roses fifteen Drops; grinned them all extremely well together till they are impalpable, and with the Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth, make them into little Pills of the bigness of Pearl Barley.  
One of these Pills held in the Mouth, causes a sweet Breath, and renders all Liquors very palatable; forty or fifty of them dissolved in the Mouth, and swallowed in a day, helps Catarrhs, Fluxes of Rheum, the Bloudyflux, and overflowing of the Terms.   

The Tincture of Japan Earth.  
POwder finely four ounces of Japan Earth. Of the best Cinnamon one ounce, of the Peruvian Bark one ounce and an half, let them be made also into fine Powder, with Musk and Ambergris, ana six Grains; let the two last be well ground with one ounce of Sugar Candy; Put them all in a Matrass, and put to them Spirit of Wine twenty four ounces; make of the Matrass a circulating Vessel; lute well the Juncture; set it upon warm Sand to digest four or five days, shaking it about two or three times a day; than set it by to settle, and by gentle inclination power it into a Vial, and keep for Use.  
It is good for all the forementioned Purposes, and also an excellent Antifebrifick.  
It's Dose from half a Spoonful to three or four, in Wine, or any other proper Vehicle.  
These need no other Observation than adhering to the Processes.     

A Complete Course OF Chemistry. PART II  

CHAP. I Of VEGETABLES.  
ALL Plants proceed from Seed, in which they are for some time shut up, as in a Matrix, till the Saline Humidity of the Earth and Fire has Penetrated and Softened the outer Part of the Seed, entered its Pores, and given Extension to the young Plant, by which its parts become perceptible.  
Plants are Nourished by their Roots, which receive their Nutriment by Pores, and are afterwards Exalted by the Heat of the Sun, which distributes itself into the Fibres of the Plant, and causes such a Filtration and Circulation of the Juices, as gives Nourishment to the Vegetable Parts; the most Exalted and Subtle Parts whereof ascend to the Flowers and Fruit, the more Aqueous and lesle rarified, give Nourishment to the Leaves and Branches. From the more Oily Part proceeds Gums, and Resins; and of the more Gross and Terestrial is Composed the Bark.   

CHAP. II Of JALAP.  
IT is a Root brought to us from America, sliced and dried; that which is most Ponderous, and breaks with shining black Resinous Veins is best. It is a great Cathartick, and as they say, Purges watery Humours: The Powder of it is given in White-Wine, from ten Grains to one Dram.  

Resin of Jalap.  
TAke of Select Jalap one Pound, Powder it, and put it into a Matras; put to it six Pound of Rectified Spirit of Wine; invert a Bolt-Head, and Lute it; set it upon warm Sand three or four Days, and shake it every Day two or three times; when the Spirit is well Tinged, decant it carefully through a Hair Sieve into a Cucurbit; set it in a gentle Heat of Sand, or Balneo, and draw of the Spirit of Wine to one Pint, which you may return upon the Jalap, to make a second Extraction; Decant the Spirit as formerly; Lute on its Head and Receiver, and Distil as before. Let all cool, and in the Cucurbit you will found the Resin in Form of Turpentine, which wash in three or four Waters, and in a gentle Heat dry it, till it will beaten into Powder.  
It's Operation is Cathartick.  
It is given to open Obstructions, and in Dropsies, made into Pills, or an Electuary.  
It's Dose from three, to ten or twelve Grains.    

CHAP. III Of RHUBARB.  
IT is a Purgative Root brought to us from Turkey and the East-India's; it is the Product of some Parts of China and Tartary. The most Compact (not Flinty) which cuts in Grains like Nutmegs, and of a pleasant Flavour, is best. And observe, that generally the small Pieces exceed the great ones in Goodness, as being lesle subject to Corruption; after its Purgative Operation is over, it Binds, and is therefore given in Fluxes.  
It's Dose is from ten Grains to sixty or seventy.  

Extract of Rhubarb.  
BRuise, or cut into very thin Slices, what quantity of Rhubarb you please; steep it ten or twelve Hours in a sufficient quantity of Distilled Rain Water, or any proper simple Distilled Water; let it just simper, and than pass it through a Strainer; infuse the Remainder in more Water, as before; pass and press it hard through the Strainer; put the Infusions together, and let them settle; than, by gentle Inclination, pour of the clear Tincture from its Residence, and Evaporate to the Consistence of Honey, and it is the Extract of Rhubarb.   

Observations.  
THese Extracts made with Water are apt to grow mouldy; therefore if you intent to keep them long, they aught to be made with Spirit of Wine.  
After the same manner are all Vegetable Extracts made, except Resins, which require Spirit of Wine to dissolve them: Also observe, when you make the Extract of any Aromatic Herb, Flower, or Spice, that instead of Evaporation, you Distil the Water, and save it for Use, etc.    

CHAP. IU. Of GVIACUM.  
GUiacum is the Wood we call Lignum Sanctum, and Lignum Vitae: It grows in several places of the West India's, and is a Tree of great Magnitude. It is Sudorific, and therefore used in such Decoctions. That which is most Compact, Resinous, and Ponderous, is best. It's Gum is both Sudorific and Cathartick.  

Spirit and Oil of Guiacum.  
FILL an Earthen Retort two thirds full of such Dust of Guiacum as you have at the Turner's; Place it in a Reverberatory, and Lute to it a Receiver; give it Fire of the first Degree one Hour, increase it to the Second, and keep it there two or three Hours; go on to the Third two Hours; and so to the Fourth for two Hours more; or until you see no more Fumes will come into the Receiver: Let it cool, and take of what is Distilled, and put it into a Coffin of Filtering Paper, in a Funnel; the Spirit will Filter through the Paper, and the Oil will remain in it: Put the Spirit into a Glass Retort; set it in a Sand Furnace; Fit on its Receiver, and give it Fire of the First Degree, to raise the Phlegm; when you perceive the Drops to come Acid, remove the Receiver, and put away the Phlegm as useless: Put on the Receiver again, and Lute it, increasing the Fire gradually to the Second and Third Degree, and it will bring over all the Spirit, which put in a Vial for Use.  
The Oil may be Rectified in a Retort, but 'tis generally used for the Toothache, and to clean Rotten Bones, without Rectification.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic.  
It's Dose is from two, to eight or ten Drops.  
The Spirit is Diaphoretic and Diureick.  
It's Dose from twenty Drops to sixty, or seventy.  
You may Calcine the Caput Mortuum to a white Ash, and than with warm Water Extract the Salt, as you will see hereafter of other Vegetable Fixed Salts.    

CHAP: V Of Sassafras.  
IT is a Tree affording good Timber: It grows in several of our Western Plantations; especially in Virginia, from whence we have it. It's Root is more Fragrant than the Tree; and therefore it is most used in Physical cases. The Bark of both the Tree and Root is more Fragrant than the Wood of either, and yields more Oil considerably.  

Oil of Sassafras.  
TAke of the Shave, or the Wood ground to Powder, twenty eight Pound; Put it into a Copper Still, to which put of clean Water twelve Gallons: Lute on the Head, and set a Spout Receiver to the Worm; make a gradual Fire, till it runs in a small thread into the Receiver; in which condition keep it, till by holding a Spoon under the Nose of the Worm, you perceive no Oil to Distil with the Water; when the Operation is ended, separate the Oil which sinks to the bottom, and put it up.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic. It is given in the Venerial Disease, Gout, Stone, Scurvy and Dropsy.  
It's Dose from three, to ten or twelve Drops.  
After the same manner you make the Oils of Rhodium, Cinnamon, Cloves, Clove-bark, all Aromatic Herbs, and Seeds; and therefore I will not trouble you with any other Process of this kind.    

CHAP. VI Of the Jesuits, or Peruvian Bark.  
IT was brought to us from Peru, in New Spain, and its Use first taught us by the Jesuits: There has been for some Years two sorts of it (viz.) the Cultivated and the Wild: The Cultivated is the best, and the best of that kind is that which is most Compact, Bitter, and of a reddish Colour.  
It is a certain Remedy to hinder the Fits of an Ague, and is given either in Powder, or infused in Wine: the Patient being well Purged before.  

The Infusion of Peruvian Bark.  
TAke of the Bark in Powder two Ounces; Put it in a Matras, and to it two Quarts of White, or Pale Read Wine; Fit the Matras for Circulation, and set it upon warm Sand, or in Balneo, forty eight Hours; shake it about two or three times a Day, than let it cool, and pour of the Infusion (through a Strainer) into a Vial, and keep it stopped for Use.  
Two or three Ounces of this Infusion is given three or four times a Day in Agues, at some distance from the Paroxysm. Dr. Smith of Paris (who was Sir Robert Tabor's Successor there) made his Infusion in Pale Read Wine.   

The Tincture of Peruvian Bark.  
TAke four Ounces of the Bark in Powder; put it in a Bolt-Head; put to it Tartarised Spirit of Wine twelve Ounces: Invert another lesle into the Mouth, to make it a double Vessel; set it in a gentle Heat of Sand, Balneo, or Bal. Vap. four or five Days, shaking it every Day two or three times; than Decant the Tinged Spirit of Wine carefully into a Vial, which keep for Use.  
It's Dose from one Scruple to one Dram, or one Dram and a half, to be given in any convenient Vehicle, as a Febrifuge, some distance from the Fit.   

The Extract of Peruvian Bark.  
PUT half a Pound of Peruvian Bark in Powder, into a large Matras; Put to it of the simple Distilled Water of Wormwood, Carduus, or any other proper Water, five or six Quarts. Place it in Sand, and let it boil gently two or three Hours; strain it; put more Distilled Water to the Bark; Boil and Strain as before; Put the Infusions together, and in a Glass or Earthen Vessel, Evaporate gently, to the Consistence of Honey. Put this Extract in a Pot for Use.  
It's Dose is from fifteen Grains to two Scruples, in Pills, or Dissolved in Wine.  
it is Endued with the same Virtues as the former.    

CHAP. VII. Of SUGAR.  
IT is the Essential Salt of a Reed which grows in the East and West-India's; That from Brasile, brought into Europe by the Portugals, is accounted the best, which is called Brasile, or Lisbon Sugar; but that which now we have from Barbadoes and Jamaica is very good, and by the Refiners of Sugar made equal to any other in Goodness. It is Refined by Dissolution, and the Separation of its Earthy, Gross, Oily and Molosus Part: That which is made most white and acceptable to the Eye, is Refined by the help of Limewater, and being Evaporated to a due Consistence, is put into Moulds, of a Pyramidical Form, with a hole in the bottom, to let the more Feculent Part run out.  
Sugar-Candy is made of both Refined, and Unrefined Sugar, by boiling of them in Water, and setting them to crystallize in Vessels, in which they put little Sticks for the Crystals to adhere to. The White Candy is of the Refined Sugar, and the Brown of the Unrefined.  
Sugar-Candy is counted a good Pectoral, and given in Diseases of the Breast and Lungs.  

Spirit of Sugar.  
TO one Pound of Powdered Sugar, put three Pound of Fuller's Earth, also in Powder, or in its room, so much Sand clean washed; fill a Retort half full of this Mixture; place it in a San Furnace, and give it Fire of the first degree, for two Hours; than increase it to the Second for two Hours more; proceed to the Third, where keep it till no Fumes appear in the Receiver. Than let all cool, and in the Receiver you will found a Foetid Spirit and Oil, which separate as usual. Put the Spirit into a Retort, or Cucurbit; set to it a Receiver un-luted, make Fire of the first Degree; and there keep it till you perceive the Drops have a little Acidity; put away the Phlegm; Lute on the Receiver; increase the Fire to the Second Degree; where keep it till all is come of.  
It dissolves Pearl and Coral, and is also counted a good Medicine in the Stone and Gravel in the Bladder or Kidneys.  
It's Dose is from ten, to fifty or sixty Drops, in any appropriated Liquor.   

The Compound Spirit of Sugar-Candy.  
TAke Sugar-Candy (white or brown) half a Pound, of Sal Armoniac four Ounces, both made into fine Powder, and well mixed; put them into a Retort, which must be two Thirds empty; place it in a Sand Furnace, and make Fire of the first Degree for an Hour; increase it to the Second, and there continued it as long as the Drops fall at the distance of one Second of Time; proceed than to the third Degree, and let it remain there till no more Fumes appear in the Receiver: In it you will found an Empyreumatical Spirit, with a little Oil; take out this Spirit and Oil; put them in a clean Retort, and Rectify in a gentle Fire of Sand, leaving the Oil in the bottom of the Vessel, and you will have a clear Spirit, more agreeable than that of the first Distillation.  
It is more Aperitive than the former, and its Use and Dose the same.   

The Ardent Spirit of Sugar.  
TAke corpse Sugar, or Molosses, q. u put to it ten or twelve times its weight of Water, and let them stand a sufficient time to Ferment; as soon as the Fermentation is over, put the Liquor into a Copper-Still, with its Refegeratory, and give it gradual Fire till it gins to drop: Observe than so to manage the Fire, that the Spirit come from the Mouth of the Worm in a small thread; and so continued till that which Distils is insipid; than let out the Fire, and Rectify the Spirit by a Second Distillation, either in a Glass Body and Head, or (if your quantity be great) in a Copper Vesica; observing to separate the Spirit from the Phlegm, as in the first Distillation, which may be farther Rectified till it burns all away.  
It is of the same Use with Spirit of Wine, and is preferable next to that of the Grape.   

Observations.  
THE Sand, or other Bowl, is mixed with the Sugar, to hinder its boiling over.  
The Vessel in which you Distil it aught to be at lest half empty.  
The insipid Water which comes over in the Rectification aught to be kept by itself, changing the Receiver as soon as you perceive the Drops which fall, to be of an Acid Taste.  
If you put a tenth Part of Dulcified Spirit of Salt, to the Spirit of Honey, or Sugar, in their Rectification, it will make them of a more grateful smell, and not lessen, but rather increase their Virtues.  
Lastly, Urge not the Fire too strongly at the latter end, jest you raise some of the Foetid Oil.    

CHAP. VIII. Of WINE.  
WINE is made of the Expressed Juice of the Grape, which immediately after the Pressure, is called Must, and being Fermented, becomes Wine. The Fermentation causes a Separation of the gross Bohemian-tartar, and the Viscous Parts of the Must, from the pure Sulphureous and Oily ones, in which is the Spirit and Essential Salt. The petrid Part of the Bohemian-tartar adheres to the sides of the Vessel, and the Viscous falls to the bottom.  
The sharp sprightly Wines, such as Champagne, Burgundy, Nants, Bordeaux, etc. being most Impregnated with Essential Salt, yield more Spirit than Sweet Spanish, and Muscate Wines, because they are more loaded with a Syrupical Substance.  

Spirit of Wine, or Brady,  
FILL a Copper-Still (which hath a Refegeratory) two Thirds full of French Wine; Lute on its Head, and put a Receiver to the Nose of the Worm; give it gradual Fire, till the Spirit runs in a small thread; keep it in that Degree till that which comes over being thrown into the Fire, with a Spoon, will not burn; than let all cool, and remove the Receiver, which contains the weak Spirit of Wine, or Brady, etc.   

Spirit of Wine.  
PUT into a long-bodied Matras, so much of the Foregoing Vinous Spirit, as will fill one half of it; place it in a gentle Heat of Sand; and draw of one half, or till you see the small Veins Expand themselves twice the breadth that at first they appeared; than remove the Receiver, and you will have a Spirit that will burn away to a Drop or two, in a Spoonful set on Fire, by the Flame of a Paper or Candle.  
This Spirit serves for making several Extracts and Tinctures.  
But if you will have yet a more high and perfect Spirit of Wine, put what quantity you please of the foregoing Spirit into a Vessel, and to each Gallon four Pound of Calcined Bohemian-tartar, or the same quantity of Pot-ashes in Powder, and very dry; shake them well, and let them stand a quarter of an Hour; Repeat the Agitation two or three times, that the Salt may Imbibe the Phlegm; when 'tis well settled decant the Spirit into a long Body, in the Mouth of which hung a clean Cloth, which contains in it one Pound of Salt of Bohemian-tartar, proportionably to each Gallon; Place your Matras, or Body, in a gentle Heat of Sand; and the Spirit of Wine which Distils into the Receiver will be perfect, the Salt receiving and keeping back the Phlegm. This Spirit is fit for any Use in Chemistry, as a Menstruum, or for Extracting Tinctures, etc.  
It is sometimes taken inwardly, to the quantity of half, or three quarters of a Spoonful, by Apoplectical People, and is externally used in Burns, also in cold Pains and Contusions, etc.   

Spirit of Wine Tartarised.  
TAke Salt of Bohemian-tartar, two or three times Coagulated and Dissolved, one Pound; give it a strong Fusion in a Crucible, for two Hours, Powder it in a warm Mortar, and whilst warm, put it into a Matras, to two Quarts of the former Rectified Spirit of Wine; shake them well together, and place them in a Sand Furnace; Lute the Junctures of the Head and Receiver; Give Fire to such a Degree, as may make the Drops succeed each other very quickly: This Spirit of Wine Volatizes, and carries over with it some part of the Salt of Bohemian-tartar, which is demonstrable by the Salt sustaining the loss of at lest one Ounce of its weight.  
By this Operation the Spirit of Wine acquires a more agreeable Scent and Taste than before, and it is more Subtle, and given in a lesle Dose, and for the same Uses as the former.   

Spirit of Wine Tartarised another way.  
TAke the Salt of Tartar left in the bottom of the Matras, in the foregoing Operation, dissolve it in Pure Rectified Distilled Vinegar; Filter the Dissolution, and Coagulate the Salt, which Dissolve again in more Distilled Vinegar, Filer and Coagulate as before. Repeat this Operation so often, that no black Feceses remains, and that the Distilled Vinegar comes of as strong as it was put upon the Salt; than is this Salt Prepared, which some call (but not truly) by the Name of Volatile Salt of Tartar.  
If you will farther exalt this Salt, take of the foregoing Salt of Bohemian-tartar, four Ounces, and put to it one Pound of the Spirit of Wine, which will readily Dissolve it. Let the Dissolution stand quiet three or four Hours, and Decant it gently from the Feceses; draw of the Spirit of Wine in a gentle Heat of Sand in a Retort; dissolve the Salt again in the same Spirit of Wine, and repeat the Operation till no Feceses remains; Return the Salt again into the Spirit of Wine, in which it will totally dissolve.  
This is the true Tartarised Spirit of Wine, with which I Extract the Tinctures and Anodine Sulphurs' of Metals, and unite them with Vegetable Fixed, and Animal Volatile Alkaliss, which is one of the chiefest Ingredients in the Composition of that Excellent Anti-Rheumatick Tincture, which Fifteen or Sixteen Years ago Cured me of a violent Rheumatism, that Afflicted me Three Year successively: And I was not only freed than from those Acute Pains that attended the Distemper, but have been preserved to this Day without the lest Symptom of them. Nor is its Virtues confined to the Cure of that Disease only, but even to the Gourt, Scurvy, Dropsy, Jaundice, Colic, Green Sickness, Stone and Gravel in Bladder or Kidneys, and in Fevers: In all these Distempers it has manifested its Virtue, and given Relief to some Hundred within this two Years last passed.  
This Tartarised Spirit of Wine is Cathartick, Diuretic, and Diaphoretic.  
It's Dose is from fifty Drops to two Drachms, in Wine and Water, or Water alone.   

The Cephalick, or Head Spirit.  
TAke of the Essential Oils of Cloves, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs, of each half a Drachm; of Marjorum, Lavender, and Rosemary, of each two Scruples; of Oranges and Lemons, ana one Scruple and a half; of Fine Benjamin in Powder, one Ounce. Mix these all together in a Cucurbit, with three Pints of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; place them in a Sand Furnace, Fitting and Luting too, the Head and Receiver; kindle the Fire, which gradually increase to the Second Degree, and in that Heat continued it till three Pints is drawn of.  
Than take of the Receiver, and put the Spirit into a clean Matras, to which put of Marum Syriacum, and Lilies of the Valley, ana one Ounce, of Sal Volatile Oleosum, two Ounces, and of Essence of Ambergreese one Dram and a half; shake them well together, and invert a blind Head, to the Matras, and keep it in a gentle Heat of Digestion three or four Days, and than put it into a Vial, well stopped for use.  
It is a most Pleasant and Excellent Cephalick, three or four Drops of it being strongly snuffed up the Nostrils, and the Temples a little rubbed with it, does immediately remove any Pain of the Head; It may also be taken from ten to thirty or forty Drops, in a little Glass of Wine or Water, and is a most Effectual Pectoral Medicine.  
This is that True Spiritus Cephalicus which I have made above thirty Years, and has by several People of late Years been Counterfeited, and called by the Name of Liquid Snuff.   

Spirit of Scurvygrass.  
TAKE of Garden-Scurvy-Grass in Flower, or fresh and newly gathered, at any other time, twenty Pound; bruise it grossly, and put it presently into a Copper-Still, Tinned within; Put to it three Gallons of the Grounds of Ale, with a Pint of New Yeast; stir them well together; Lute on the Head, and kindle a little Small-Cole under it, to give just a Fermenting Warmth; let it stand twenty four Hours, and than give Fire to Distil the Spirit. That which comes first is the best, and aught to be kept by itself: The second Running will serve to put to more Grass, when you Distil it another time.  
It is also made without Fermentation, with Spirit of Wine, thus. To Twenty Pound of Scurvygrass, bruised as before, put two Gallons of Brandy, or Distillers' Proof Spirit, make Fire under it, and Distil one Gallon, which will be strongly Impregnated with the Virtue of the Herb. The Second Running you may keep for the same Use as before. Some add to every ten Pound of Grass, two Pound of Horseradish, sliced or bruised, etc.  
The Purging Spirit is made by Dissolving one Ounce of Rosin of Scammony, or Jalap, in one Pound of the Spirit.  
The Dose of the Plain Spirit is from twenty to an hundred Drops; and of the Purging Spirit, from twenty to sixty or seventy Drops, etc.   

The Queen of Hungary's Water:  
TAke of the Tops of Rosemary when full of Flowers, what quantity you please; put them in a Copper-Still, Tinned within; Pour upon them three times their weight of Rectified Spirit of Wine, with as much clean Water; Lute on the Head; fit a Receiver to the Worm, and make a little Fire of Small-Cole, but not so hot as to Elevate any Spirit; and thus let it stand twenty four Hours; than give it Fire to 'cause it to Distil in a small Thread; and draw of the same quantity of Spirit, and half the Water. Than let out the Fire, and take the Rosemary-tops out of the Still, and put one third part of the quantity of Flowers to those already in the Still. Return all the former Distillation upon the Flowers; Lute on the Head; Digest as before, and draw of by gentle Fire the same quantity of Spirit of Wine, which at first you put on, which keep close stopped for Use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic. It is given in Convulsions, Cramps, Palsies, Lethargies, Apoplexies, and Histerical Maladies.  
It's Dose is from one Drachm to two or three, in a proper Vehicle.  
Observe, That after the same Method with the two foregoing Spirits, you may make the Spirits of all Herbs and Flowers, etc. adding to such Herbs as yield no Moisture, so much Water as is sufficient to keep them from burning.   

Observations.  
IF you have a great quantity to Rectify, 
Spir. Vin. Rectificat.  you may put several Parcels to work in a digesting Furnace, in five or six Vessels, and you may have of Pure Rectified Spirit two or three Gallons in twenty four Hours time; or it may also be Rectified in Copper-still, with its Refegeratory.  
If you let it stand thirty or forty Hours, upon the Salt of Bohemian-tartar in Digestion, 
Spir. Vin. Tartarisat.  before you begin the Distillation, the Spirit will the better Imbibe the more Subtle Part of the Salt.  
The Distilled Vinegar you use in this Operation, aught to be Rectified so often, 
Spir. Vin. Tartar.  till it leaves nothing in the bottom of the Vessel, in which it is Rectified in, but a little white Salt.  
In this Operation exceed not the Second Degree of Fire, 
Spir. Ceph.  nor draw of above three Parts of Spirit, before you take of the Receiver, which you may do while the Fire is still under it. Than put the Receiver on again, and without supplying the Fire any more; let what will come of, till all is cold, which will be about a Pint more, and is a pretty Water to wash your Fingers and Mouth after Meals.    

CHAP. IX. Of VINEGAR.  
WINE becomes Eager by a Second Fermentation, caused by the loss of some of its most Subtle Sulphureous Spirits, by which Debilitation the Acid Salts predominate, and fix the rest of the Spirits remaining in the Wine.  

Distillation of Vinegar.  
PUT of good Wine Vinegar into a large Retort, or Body fitted with a Head, what quantity you please, so that one third part remain empty; Place it in a Sand Furnace, and with a Fire of the first Degree, draw of a fifth part, which keep by itself, for it will serve for some Uses: than increase the Fire to the Second Degree, and so continued till all is Distilled, except a small quantity left in the bottom of the Vessel, of the Consistence of Honey, When all is cold, take of the Receiver, and if you would Rectify it, put it in a clean Vessel; set it in the same Degree of Fire, to separate more Phlegm, and in every thing proceed as before, till you come almost to a dry bottom, which however, must not be urged too far, for fear it should give an Empyreum to that which is already Distilled.  
It's chief Use is for the Dissolutions and Precipitations of several Bodies.   

Spirit of Vinegar.  
PUT Distilled Vinegar upon Filing of Venus, or to that Scoria of Venus which the Braziers call Spittle-dust, and make it into a Paste; let it stand some time without Heat, to penetrate the Venus; Evaporate over a very gentle Fire, till you begin to smell the Fumes of the Vinegar; than take it presently away, and Imbibe it again; let it stand again to Imbibe, without Heat, and than Evaporate as formerly; do this so often till you perceive an eager Scent at the beginning of the Evaporation, which signifies the Venus is Satiated with the Distilled Vinegar: Put this Satiated Calx into a Retort; place it in a Sand Furnace; Fit to it a Receiver, and Lute well the Joint with a wet Bladder; give it the first Degree of Fire for two Hours, than increase it to the Second two of three Hours more, and so to the Third three Hours longer; at last give it the Fourth Degree for two Hours more; than let all cool, and in the Receiver you will have a Concentrated Vinegar, which is called Spirit of Vinegar. You may still separate the more Phlegmatic Part by Rectification. It has all the Properties of Distilled Vinegar, but will perform any Operation with more force and in much lesle quantity.  
Observe, That the same Venus will serve several times for the Concentration of more Distilled Vinegar.    

CHAP. X. Of BOHEMIAN-TARTAR.  
IT is the Essential Salt of Wine, which after Fermentation separates and adheres to the sides of such Casks as contain the Wine. It is Read and White; the White contains lesle Earth than the Read; and is therefore preferable to the Read; the best white Bohemian-tartar is that of Rhenish-Wine, which comes from Germany: The Leeses of Wine also contain much Bohemian-tartar, which being dried and Calcined, are called Cineres Clavellati, or Graveled Ashes, out of which a Salt of Bohemian-tartar may be Extracted.  

Crystals, or Cream of Tartar.  
TAke of Crude Bohemian-tartar what quantity you please, boil it in Water, till the parts which are capable of Dissolution be entirely dissolved; run the Liquor, whilst it is hot, through a Flannel Bag into an Earthen Pan, and Evaporate till a Pellicle appears: Than set it in a cold place, and suffer it to stand quiet two or three Days: Afterwards Decant the Liquor, and you will found Crystals adhere to the sides of the Pan, scrape them of, and Evaporate the rest of the Liquor, as before; and set it again to shoot into Crystals; Repeat the Evaporation till all the Crystals are shot.  
It's Operation is Cathartick and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from half a Drachm to three Drachms.   

The Fixed Salt of Tartar.  
TAke what quantity of Crude Bohemian-tartar you please, Calcine it in a Pot (or Glass) House; or you may put three or four Pound of it in strong brown Paper, which tie up with Thread, and wet it with Water; than put it upon some kindled Charcoal, and bury it with more Coals; there let it continued till all that is Combustible be consumed, and you will found the Calcined Bohemian-tartar in an entire Lump. Dissolve it in warm Water, than Filter and Evaporate to dryness, in a clean Iron, or Earthen Pan, and that which remains is the Fixed Salt of Bohemian-tartar, which may farther be Purified by Dissolution, Filtration, and Evaporation, till in the Dissolution it leaves no Faeces at all.  
It is a good Aperitive Salt, and used to draw forth Tinctures from Vegetables, and is given in all Obstructions.  
It's Dose is from fifteen Grains to one Drachm.  
Some think it of the same Use with every fixed Vegetable Salt.  
Let this Salt be laid in a Cellar, or other cool moist place, and it will attract the Air so as to Liquifie it, which after Filtration we call Oil of Bohemian-tartar, per deliquium.  
It is endued with all the Virtues of the Salt, and is sometimes dropped in Lily, Bean-Cod, or Organge-flower-water, to clear the Complexion.   

Soluble Tartar.  
MIX four Ounces of Salt of Bohemian-tartar, with eight Ounces of Cream of Bohemian-tartar, and pulverize them together; put them into an Earthen Pan, whereinto you have poured three Pound of Spring-water; boil them till they are dissolved, and remember to stir them now and than. Filter the Dissolution whilst it is warm; Evaporate to Dryness, and keep it in a Glass well stopped.  
It's Operation is Cathartick and Diuretic.  
It is given in Obstructions, Cachexies, and Dropsies.  
It's Dose is from one Scruple to a Dra. or a Drachm and an half, in Broth or any other proper Vehicle.   

Chalybiated Soluble Tartar.  
TAke half a Pound of the Tincture of Bohemian-tartar made with Steel, and put it into a Glass Body; pour upon it two Ounces of the aforesaid soluble Bohemian-tartar; set the Glass in a gentle Heat of Sand to Evaporate; stir it about sometimes with a clean wooden Spatula; and when 'tis dry, you will have a black Powder, which keep in a Vial well stopped.  
It is a good Aperitive, and is Endowed with all the Virtues of the Tincture of Bohemian-tartar, with Mars, according to the description in the Chapter of Mars.  
It's Dose from one Scruple to one Dra. or one Drachm and half.   

Chalybeated Tartar.  
POur three Pints of Spring-water into an Earthen-Pan, and set it over the Fire to boil; as soon as it boils, put in half a Pound of Crystals of Bohemian-tartar, and half an Ounce of Vitriolum Martis, finely powdered apart, and ground together. Let them boil a quarter of an Hour, stirring them with a wooden Spatula, till they are dissolved: Than strain the Mixture, boiling hot, through a Cotton Bag, into a clean Pan, and set it in a cold place to Shoot into little Greenish Crystals.  
It is endued with the Qualities of the foregoing Preparations; and its Doses from one Scruple to one Drachm.   

Emetic Tartar.  
TAke Cream of Tartar half a Pound, Crocus Metallorum, two Ounces, let them be very sinely powdered, and after they are well mixed, put them into a Glazed Pot; and add two Pound of Spring-water; let them boil seven or eight Hours, stir them often, and as the Water wastes, supply it; Take of the Mixture from the Fire boiling, and run it presently through a Flannel Bag; than Evaporate two Thirds in a Glass Body in Sand, and set it in a cold place to Shoot; separate the Superfluous Water, and Evaporate as before; gather the Crystals, dry them gently, and keep them in a Vial for Use.  
It is a gentle Emetic.  
It's Dose from three, to ten or twelve Grains.   

The Soluble Emetic Tartar.  
PUlverize four Ounces of Crystals of Bohemian-tartar, with one Ounce of Crocus Metallorum, grinned them well together, and put them into a Glass Body. Pour upon them half a Pound of Spirit of Urine; and when the Ebullition is well over, add twelve Ounces of Spring-water. Boil them in a Sand Heat seven or eight Hours, supplying the Liquor as it consumes: Take it from the Fire as hot as you can, and run it through a fine Flannel Bag; than Evaporate it gently, till it is dry, and keep it in a Vial fo Use.  
It is a very gentle Emetic.  
It's Dose from four to fifteen Grains, in Broth, or thin Water-gruel.   

The Emetic and Cathartick Salt of Tartar.  
TAke of Salt of Tartar half a Pound, Crocus Metallorum two Ounces; make them both into fine Powder, and mix them well; Put them into a Crucible, and let them melt together half an Hour; than take it from the Fire, and dissolve it in clean Water; Filter and Dissolution, and Evaporate till a Skin appears: Than drop gradually into it Oil of Vitriol, till the Ebullition ceases, and over a gentle Heat of San Evaporate to dryness; stir it in the Evaporation with a Glass Spatula, or clean Tobacco-Pipe; and when it is cold, put it up in a wide-mouthed Vial, well stopped, for Use.  
It's Operation is Emetic and Cathartick.  
It is a Febrifuge, given with good success in Tertian and Quartan Agues, also in Dropsies, Scurvy, Jaundice, and Hypochondriack Melancholy.  
It's Dose is from three, to fifteen Grains.   

Vitriolated Tartar.  
PUT what quantity of Oil of Bohemian-tartar you please into a Glass Cucurbit, drop gradually upon it Rectified Oil of Vitriol, till the Ebullition ceases: Than Evaporate the Humidity in a gentle Heat of Sand, and there will reside a very white Vitriolated Bohemian-tartar, which keep in a wide-mouthed Glass, well stopped.  
It is a little Cathartick and Diuretic, and a good Aperitive, given in Quartans, in Scrofulous and Hypochondriacal Cases.   

The Soap of Tartar.  
TAke Rhenish-wine Tartar, or Cream of Bohemian-tartar, and Salt Peter, of each one Pound, in Powder; mix them well together, and put them into a read hot Crucible, by a Spoonful at a time; when 'tis melted take out the Mixture, with a little Iron Ladle, and put it into a warm Earthen Pan, adding to it so much warm Water as is necessary to Dissolve it; Filter and dry it into a Salt, and grinned it to Impalpable Powder, or as fine as possibly you can; than put it into a wide mouthed Glass, and Expose it to the Air, till it is a little moistened, which it will sufficiently be in sixteen, eighteen, or twenty four Hours, according to the moistness or dryness of the Weater. Than put to each Pound of the Salt, four Ounces of Rectified Oil of Turpentine; stir them well together with a wooden Spatula, till they seem to be Incorporated: Than set the Mixture aside, and cover it, to keep out the Dust; stir well two or three times a day, till you perceive the Oil and Salt Incorporated, and of the Consistence of a Syrup: If it wants Oil to make it of that Consistence, add more.  
This Soap is an excellent Diuretic, and something Cathartick; and is given in the Stone and Gravel in the Bladder or Kidneys.  
It's Dose from one Scruple to a Dram, in a little fine Sugar.  
It is called the Correcter of Vegetables; and the chief Ingredient which Corrects the Opium in Starky's, or Matthews' Pill.   

The Distilled Oil and Spirit of Tartar.  
FILL an Earthen, or Coated Glass Retort, half full with Cream of Bohemian-tartar; place it in a Reverberatory Furnace; and Lute to it its Receiver; Let the Fire of the first Degree be for three Hours, than increase it to the Second three Hours longer, and on to the third three or four Hours more; at last to the fourth Degree, where keep it till no Fumes ascend any more into the Receiver, in which you will found a Foetid Oil and Spirit; you may separate the Oil by Filtering it through a Cousin of Paper; than put the Spirit in a long-bolled Retort, and in a gentle Heat of Sand Rectify it, and separate the Phlegm which comes over after the Subtle Spirit.  
To make this Spirit more Aperitive and Excellent, to three parts of the Oil and Spirit which your Distillation produced, put one part of spiritus Nitri Dulcis; shake them well in the Receiver, and put them carefully into a clean Glass Retort, which set in a Sand Furnace; Fit and Lute on a Receiver, and give it a Fire of the First Degree, till the Lute be dry; than advance to the Second, in which you will have a most Penetrating and Grateful Spirit, which is one of the most powerful Diaphoreticks that I know. It is also Diuretic and Anodine.  
It is given in the Palsy, Epilepsy, Asthma, Histerical Maladies, Scurvy, and in Fevers, with good success.  
It's Dose is from two Scruples to two Drachms, in any proper Vehicle.   

A Volatile Salt of Tartar.  
TAke the Leeses of Wine, and dry them gently, when dry, beaten them into gross Powder; fill a Glass coated, or Earthen Retort, half full with them; Place it in a Reverberating Furnace; give it gentle Fire to drive of the Phlegm which first comes over; and when you perceive Fumes to rise, fit and lute on the Receiver, augmenting the Fire gradually, till at last, with the most extreme degree, not more Fumes will arise. Than let all cool, and take of the Receiver, in which you will found a whitish Liquor, which contains the Volatile Salt, and upon it will swim a little Foetid Oil; put it into a Vial, and with a little clean Water rinse out the Salt which adheres to the sides of the Recipient, and put it to the rest. Than put them into a Coffin of brown Paper, and the Spirit with the Salt will pass through, and leave the Oil in the Coffin.  
Put the Spirit into a long Matrass, fit to it a Head and Receiver; lute the Joints well, and with a gentle heat of Sand sublime the Salt into the Head; when it is pretty well charged, take of that Head, and presently fit on another, and continued the same degree of Fire, till the Salt gins to melt, than change the Head, and augment the heat a little to distil the volatile Spirit of Bohemian-tartar; when the Drops are insipid, take of the Receiver, and keep the Spirit from the Air in a Vial well stopped, because of its volatility, as also the Salt; for if the lest Air be admitted, it will relent.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from ten Grains to half an Ounce; it is a Medicine much esteemed by many Physicians; and is given in the Palsy, Apoplexy, Epilepsy, Tertian and Quartane Agues; it opens all obstructions, and provokes the Terms; The volatile Spirit is some of the Phlegm impregnated with the Salt, and endued with the same Virtues, and given from ten drops to two scruples.   

Another Volatile Salt of Tartar.  
TAke the satiated Salt of Tartar described to make the true Tartarized Spirit of Wine; fill a coated Retort half full with it; place it in an open Furnace, lute on a Receiver, and give it gradual Fire, observing the same Method as in the former Operation, both in the distilling and rectification.   

Tincture of Tartar.  
PUT a pound of pure Salt of Bohemian-tartar into a Crucible; Place it in a Melting Furnace, and let it heat gradually, till it is of a white melting heat; cover it well with Coals, and keep it in the most extreme degree of Fire, five or six hours; than pour it into a warm Mortar, and whilst warm, powder it, and put it into a Matrass, heated upon warm Sand to preserve it from breaking with the hot Salt. Than pour upon it twenty ounces of Tartarized Spirit of Wine, invert and lute well to it another Matrass to make it a double Vessel; make a gentle Fire, and let it simper six or seven hours, and in that time it will acquire a good Tincture, which when cold, put it into a Vial, and keep it well stopped.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic; it is an excellent aperitive, and a good antiscorbutic.  
It's Dose from ten to fifty or sixty Drops, in any convenient Vehicle.   

Observations.  
IF you dry the crude Bohemian-tartar in an Oven, 
Cream of Tartar.  till it is a little scorched (not calcined) to evaporate some of its acid Particles, it will dissolve more easily, and the Cristals will be larger and whiter than otherwise they would be.  
The first Evaporation may be made in a clean Iron Pan, 
Salt of Tartar.  which aught to be kept stirring when it gins to coagulate, till it is quite dry; and if you design a farther purification, and that it is not so white as you expect it; put it into a Crucible, and set it in a little Charcoal Fire (so that it do not melt) and in a quarter of an hours time it will be very white.  
If you desire it to crystallize, 
Soluble Tartar.  evaporate only till a scum appears; than in a clean Earthen Pan, or wide-mouthed Glass, set it in a cold place to shoot into Crystals, which must be carefully dried, and kept close stopped, because they are apt to dissolve.  
Be careful in the drying of it, 
Chalybeat. Sol. Tartar.  that it be not burnt, because Burning deprives it of its Cathartick Quality.  
It may be made with the Vitriol, 
Chalybiat. Tartar.  or Filing of Mars; if you put one Ounce and a half of Filing in the place of half an Ounce of Vitriol; and bake the common Crystals of Bohemian-tartar to a browneness, it will dissolve with more ease, and the Crystals will be fairer.  
It may be made with Crocus Metallorum, 
Emet. Tart.  Vitrum Antimonii, Flower of Antimony, or Mercurius Vitae. The Cream of Bohemian-tartar as before, being baked, will tender the Emetic Crystals more large and fair.  
The Spirit of Urine partly satiates the Acidity of the Bohemian-tartar, 
Soluble Emet. Tart.  by which it more readily dissolves. Take care to dry it without burning.  
This Evaporation will be best performed in a Glass Cucurbit, 
Emet. Cathart. Salt of Tartar.  because the Inspissation of the Oil of Vitriol would pray upon the Glazing of an Earthen Vessel, to the Prejudice of the Medicine.  
It may be made of pure Salt of Bohemian-tartar, 
Vitriolated Tartar.  instead of the Oil, Inspissating the Oil of Vitriol upon the Salt, and stirring it with a Glass Spatula, or clean Tobacco-Pipe, till the Fermentation is over. But take care you do not Evaporate too much, lest you deprive it of the Acidity it aught to retain.  
The Salt may be Evaporated in a clean Iron Pan; 
Soap of Tartar.  and if it be a little moistened by the Air, before the Oil is put to it, their Union will be facilitated thereby. You may also Distil the Oil of Turpenpentine from Aromatic Herbs and Spices, to give it an agreeable Scent. The older this Sapo is the better 'tis: I have several Ounces of it by me now, which I made in the Year 1665. which I value as much as its weight in Gold.  
The Phlegm may be separated either at the first Distillation, 
Distillat. of Tartar.  or in its Rectification: If at the first Distillation, put on the Receiver, without Luting it, and when the white Fumes appear, change, and Lute on the Receiver.  
If you can have such Leeses as the Juice is pressed out of by those who make Vinegar, 
Vol. Salt of Tartar.  it will save you the labour of drying them, and will be altogether as good for this Operation. And if in the Rectification you desire to preserve the Salt in a dry Form, you must be watchful; and when you see the Salt have the lest Inclination to Dissolution, you must change the Head; presently take out the Salt, and put it in a dry Vial, well stopping it, to preserve it from the Air, which would presently dissolve it. But if so much Water come over with it, as to tender it in a Liquid Form, it than has the same effect with the Salt, being given in a greater Doses.  
If after the Rectification you separate the Phlegm from the Oil, and return the Volatile Spirit upon it, and put to them a third their weight of sweet Spirit of Nitre, digest them in a double Vessel two or three Days, in a gentle Heat, than Un-lute the Vessel, and Fit and Lute on a Head, with its Receiver, and you will obtain, with a gentle Heat, a most Excellent and Penetrating Salt and Spirit.  
Melt not lesle than one Pound of the Salt, 
Tincture of Tartar.  because it wastes considerably, by long Fusion, and be sure that your Spirit of Wine be totally Deflegamted, otherways your Tincture will not be full.    

CHAP. XI. Of ALOES.  
IT is the Juice of a Plant called Semper Vive, which grows in Egypt, the Island of Soccotra in the Persian-gulf, in the Island of Berbadoes in the West-India's, and other places.  
That of Soccotra is counted the best, because they Transplant and Cultivate it, but in other places they use the Plant wild, as they found it: Every Country produces two sorts of it, viz. that made of the Juice which drops from the Plant by Incision, and that made of the Expressed Juice. Hepatick Aloes is that sort made by Incision in all Countries, and takes its Name from its similitude to the Liver.  

Extract of Aloes.  
DIssolve what quantity of Aloes Succotrine, or Hepatrick, you please, in the Distilled Water of Roses, Sucory, Borage, or any other, Filter the Dissolution through a Flannel Bag, and Evaporate to the Consistence of an Extract: A better Extract is made with Spirit of Wine; but the best is made with Tincture of Bohemian-tartar, which does not only Correct the Crudity of the Aloes, but that pure Salt of Tartar the Spirit of Wine is thereby Impregnated with, will preserve it in its full Virtue, and due Consistence very may Years.  
Observe, That if the Aloes be very good, it will almost all Dissolve, leaving nothing behind it but some dirt, which accidentally, in its drying, falls into the Juice.    

CHAP. XII. Of MYRRH.  
IT is a Resinous Gummy Juice which drops from a little Thorny Tree by Incision. The best is in Transparent smooth Drops, and when new, of a whitish Colour, but in time becomes yellow, but continues Transparent, and breaks with little white specks in it; such as this is not often met with: but of such as is commonly vendible, choose that which is Yellow, or Read, Bitter, Transparent, and of a grateful smell.  
It grows in Abyssine in Africa, and Moco in Asia: That of Abyssine comes through Egypt into Europe; and that from Moco by the Caravans to Aleppo, etc.  

Tincture of Myrrh.  
PUT into a Matras of Fine Myrrh in Powder, one Pound, of Spirit of Wine four Pound; invert another Glass into the Mouth of the Matras, to make a double Vessel; Lute the Juncture, and set it in a gentle Heat of Sand, to Extract its Tincture.  
It is Sudorific and Aperitive. It is given in the Apoplexy, Lethargy, and Palsy, is good to Expedite Woman's Labour, and is often applied outwardly.  
It's Dose is from eight to twenty four Drops in a proper Vehicle.   

Oil of Myrrh by Distillation.  
FILL a Retort half full with corpse Myrrh; place it in a Sand Furnace, and Lute to it a Receiver; give it Fire by Degrees, to the greatest height; when the Fumes cease, let out the Fire, and in the Receiver you will have a Foetid Oil, and an Acid Spirit.  
The Oil is Externally applied, to bring stubborn Ulcers to Suppuration. The Spirit is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from eight to twenty four Drops, in a proper Vehicle.   

Oil of Myrrh, per deliquium.  
BOil Eggs till they are hard, split them in the middle, and take out the Yolks; fill the Cavity with sine Myrrh, in Powder; place them upon little Sticks of about an Inch and a quarter long, three or four of them being pricked into the Egg, set them in a clean Earthen Pan, which place in a Cellar, or some such moist place, and there will drop from them into the Pan, a Liquor, which is called Oil of Myrrh.  
It's Use is to take away Spots and Blemishes on the Skin, outwardly applied.   

Observations.  
SHake the Myrrh and Spirit of Wine well, two or three times every Day, 
Tincture of Myrrh.  and let it be charged with a full Read before you pour it of from the Myrrh, which will require two or three Days time.  
You may Rectify the Oil and Spirit together, 
Oil & Spir. of Myrrh.  and than separate them; than put to the Spirit a fourth part of its weight of Spiritus Nitri Dulcis, and Rectify them; by which the Spirit will be rendered more agreeable both to Smell and Taste, and made more Aperitive.  
It is improperly called Oil, 
The Oil per deliquium.  being only some of the most subtle Parts of the Myrrh Liquify'd by the Moisture of the Air. If any Dirt has accidentally fallen into the Deliquiated Oil, you may Filter it through Paper.    

CHAP. XIII. Of SAFFRON.  
IT is a Flower which comes to its Perfection in the latter end of September, and in October. That of England is accounted the best, both for the largeness of the Leaf, its Fragrancy and Colour. The English have also a way to Preserve it, exceeding that of any other Country.  

Tincture and Extract of Saffron.  
PUT four Ounces of good English Saffron into a Matras, with twenty four Ounces of Spirit of Wine; let them stand in a gentle Heat of Sand forty eight Hours, sometimes shaking them, and you will found the Spirit well charged with the Tincture of the Saffron; Pour of the Tinged Spirit, and put on one Pound more, proceeding as you did before, and you will have a Second Tincture, but not altogether so deep as the First; put both the Tinctures into a Cucurbit; place it in Sand; Lute on its Head and Receiver, and in a gentle heat draw one half of the Spirit of Wine of, and that which remains behind will be a strong Tincture.  
This Tincture is made into an Extract by Evaporating it into a due Consistence.   

Observations.  
AFter Decantation of the Tinged Spirit, 
Tincture of Saffron.  you may add new Spirit of Wine, as long as it yields any Tincture, and than put all the Tinged Spirits into a Cucurbit, and draw of, till you leave not above twenty Ounces of Tincture in the Cucurbit.  
In a very gentle Heat of Ashes Distil of as much Spirit of Wine as you can, 
Extract.  without burning the Extract; than pour it into the bottom of a Glass cut shallow, or a clean smooth Earthen Vessel; set it upon so much Hay or Straw as to stand firm in a Balneum; and in that Heat keep it continually stirring, till it is Evaporated into an Extract.    

CHAP. FOURTEEN. Of ELIXIRS.  
ELixir is the Name of a Medicine intended to Heal all Human Diseases, and remove the Impurities of imperfect Metals. But my design is only to handle those Vegetables whose Essential Parts being separated from the grosser and more Feculent, by proper Menstruums, and the Industry of the Artist, will yield greater Medicines by the Union and Conjunction of their Virtues, and so may not improperly, though subordinately, be called by the Name of Elixirs. And first of Elixir Proprietatis.  

Elixir Proprietatis, with Oil of Sulphur.  
TAke of the best Aloes, fine Myrrh, and English Saffron, of each one Ounce; let the Myrrh and Aloes be beaten into fine Powder, and the Saffron cut into small pieces; put them into a long Body, or Bolt-head, and put to them six Ounces of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; make the Vessel double, fit for Circulation, and set it in a gentle Heat for seven Days, shaking it once or twice a Day; than un-lute the Vessel, and put to the Tincture nine Ounces of Ol. Sulph. per C. by an Ounce at a time; and when all is in, shake them well; Lute on the other part of the Circulatory, and let them stand in Warmth fourteen Days, agitating them as before, once or twice a Day; than let them cool, and press out all the Moisture through a strong Cloth; let it stand till settled, and by Decantation separate the Elixir from the Feceses; put it in a Vial, and keep it close stopped for Use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Aperitive: It Fortifies the Heart, and Purifies the Blood, Creates an Appetite, and helps Digestion; and some count it a great Preservative against Pestilentious Air; with many other Virtues.  
It's Dose is from ten to fifty, or sixty Drops, in Wine and Water, Beer or Ale, Broth or Spring-water, or any other Vehicle appropriated to the Disease you would remove by it.   

Elixir Proprietatis, with Tincture of Tartar.  
TAke of Select Myrrh, Aloes and Saffron, ana one Ounce; beaten and cut as before; put them in a Vessel of Circulation, and pour upon them twelve Ounces of Tincture of Bohemian-tartar; place them in a gentle Heat, to stand twenty one Days, shaking the Mixture every Day; than let it cool, and press it out as you did the former; let it settle; Decant the Elixir from the Feceses, which put in a Vial, and stop it for Use.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic; and is said to have all the good Qualities of the former, and to be more Aperitive, and a greater Sweetener of the Blood.  
It's Dose is from one Scruple, to one Drachm and half.   

Elixir Proprietatis, with Spirit of Hartshorn.  
TAke of the best Myrrh, Aloes and Saffron, ana one Ounce, Tartarised Spirit of Wine eight Ounces, Spirit of Hartshorn four Ounces, and proceed in every thing as in the preceding Process.  
This is also Diaphoretic and Diuretic, and endued with the Virtues of the former, but more Effectual in Hysterick Vapours.   

Elixir Proprietatis, with Sal. Volat. Oleosum.  
TAke of choice Myrrh, Aloes, and Saffron, ana one Ounce; place them in a Circulatory Vessel, and put to them of Tartarised Spirit of Wine four Ounces, and of Sal. Vol. Oleosum nine Ounces, and proceed in every thing as before.  
It is Diaphoret. and Diuret. is proper in all Cases where the former is useful, and more agreeable both to Scent and Taste.  
It's Dose the same with the other.   

The Anti-Pestilential Elixir Proprietatis.  
TAke of Myrrh, Aloes, Saffron, and Camphire, ana one Ounce, Virginia-Snake-Root four Drachms, and Cocheneal half an Ounce; Powder what is to be powdered, mix the Ingredients, and put them into a Matras; pour upon them Spiritus Nitri dulcified twelve Ounces, and let them stand in Digestion twenty one Days, observing every thing as in the foregoing Process.  
This is said to be the most powerful Medicine against the Plague, and all Contagious Diseases, that is yet known: It expels Wind, and is an excellent Remedy against the Colic, and all Gripe of the Stomach and Bowels; a great Aperitive, and gives Ease in the Stone, both in the Reinss and Bladder; also in the Measles and Smallpox, a better Medicine is not known.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from half a Scruple to one Drachm, or one Drachm and a half, in any proper Vehicle.   

The Volatile Elixir Proprietatis.  
IT is the foregoing Elixir with Spirit of Wine six Ounces, and Oil of Sulphur nine Ounces, with the same Proportions of Myrrh, Aloes and Saffron, which after Digestion must be Distilled in a gentle Heat, with two Cohobations of the same Spirit, and must be drawn of with three Days Digestion between each Cohobation.  
It has the same Virtues of most of the Preceding Elixirs, and is more agreeable to the Palates of many People.  
It's Operations is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from ten Drops to a hundred, in any proper Vehicle.   

Elixir Vitrioli.  
TAke Galangal one Ounce and a half, Calamus Aromaticus, Mint, and Sage dried, ana half an Ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves and Ginger, ana three Drams Nutmegs and Cubebs, ana two Drams, Lignum Aloes, and Lemon-peel, ana one Drachm, white Sugar-Candy, three Ounces, all Pulverised; put them into a Matras, and pour upon them Oil of Vitriol, one Pound, Spirit of Wine one Pound and an half; Invert another to make it a double Vessel; Lute the Joint, and set it in a gentle Heat to Digest, fifteen or twenty one Days. It is counted a good Stomachick.  
It's Dose is from ten, to sixty or seventy Drops.   

Elixir Paeoniae.  
TAke of the English Roots of Palma Christi, Pyrethri, ana one Ounce, Missetoe of the Oak, Fennel-Seeds, Anacardi, ana six Drachms, Rosemary-Flowers, Staechad. Arab. Lavender, ana three Ounces, Shave of Hartshorn, Elks-Hoof, Man's Skull, ana one Drachm and a half, Marjorum one handful, Rectified Spirit of Wine two Pound; Digest these fourteen Days, and than Distil in Balneo Mariae; to which add the Roots, Flowers, and Seeds of Paeony, ana one Ounce, Spec. Diamosci Dulcis, Diaxyloaloes, of each half an Ounce; Digest them a Month, and Filter.  
To twelve Ounces of this Tincture add one Drachm and a half of Salt of Paeony, and four Ounces of Spirit of Vitriol Rectified and Impregnated with Native Cinaber. Than Circulate them into an Elixir.   

Otherways 'tis made as followeth.  
TAke the Root of English Pal. Christi, Pyrethri, Missetoe of the Oak, Fennei-Seeds, Anacard. Rosemary-Flowers, Marjorum, Staechad. Arab. Castor. and Lavender, in the foregoing quantities: And instead of the Shaving of Hartshorn, Elks-Hoof, and Man's Skull, take of the Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn, hereafter-mentioned, half an Ounce: Digest them all in two Pound of Rectified Spirit of Wine fourteen Days; at the end of which Distil them in Balneo Maris, or a gentle Heat of Sand or Ashes, and to every Pound of this Distilled Spirit, add four Ounces of Rectified Spirit of Vitriol, the Roots, Flowers, and Seeds of Paeony, ana one Ounce; Spec. Diamosc. Dulcis, Diaxyloaloes, of each half an Ounce, and with one Dram of Salt of Paeony, Circulate into an Elixir.   

Elixir Salutis.  
TAke Leaves of Sena half a Pound, Jalap in Powder four Ounces, Enula Camp. also in Powder, and Liquorish, ana two Ounces, Juniper-Berries, Anniseeds, and Corianderseeds, ana one Ounce, Cream of Bohemian-tartar, one Ounce and a half, Honey and Manna, of each two Ounces; slice the Liquorish; put them all into a Glass Body, and put to them French Brandy, or clean English Proof Spirit, four Quarts; Lute on a Glass, to make a Circulatory, and let them stand in a gentle Heat of Sand two or three Days; than pour of the Liquor, and press it out from the Ingredients, and let it stand in a Vessel close stopped twenty four Hours to settle; than by gentle Inclination, pour it from the Feceses, and keep it well stopped for Use.  
It's Operation is Cathartick and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from half a Spoonful, to three or four Spoonfuls, either by itself, or in any convenient Vehicle.   

Elixir, or Balsamum Polychrestum.  
TAke Salsaparilla four Ounces, Chinaroot, and Guiacum rasped, ana two Ounces and a half; let the Salsapar. and China be grossly powdered, put them into a Matras, with three Pound of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; stop the Mouth of the Matras with a little Egg, or Bolt-Head; Lute it well, and set it on warm Sand, to digest three Days, shaking it now and than. Than let it cool, pour out the tinged Spirit, and press what you can from the Ingredients; put the Tinged Spirit into the Matras again, and add to it of Gum Guiaci in Powder, nine Ounces; Lute up the Glass, and let it stand in Digestion three or four Days, and shake it often every Day. Than let it cool and settle, and pour of the Tincture from the Sediment; put the Tincture into a clean Matras, and put to it one Ounce of Balsam of Peru, and half an Ounce of Balm of Gilead; mix them with the Tincture by much Agitation; let them stand in Digestion, as before, three or four Days longer, and shake them often; when the Balsam is well Incorporated with the Tincture, pour it of clear into a Vial, which stop and keep for use.  
It is Cathartick, and sometimes Diaphoretic.  
It's Dose is from ten, to seventy, eighty, or a hundred Drops, in any proper Vehicle.  
To these Elixirs there needs no other Observation than to make good choice of the Ingredients, to Lute the Joints of the Circulating Vessels well, and to moderate the Heat so, as not to endanger the breaking of them.    

CHAP. XU. Of OPIUM.  
IT is a Juice which Distils from the Heads of Poppies by Incision, found in the Kingdom of Cambaia, about Grand Cairo in Egypt, and Thebes in Greece. Some tell us of three sorts, viz. Black, Yellow, and White; but none of these come frequently amongst us, the Inhabitats of those Countries keeping them for their own use, and sending us the expressed Juice of Poppy-heads, thickened and wrapped up in Leaves, for the Convenience of Transportation: It is properly called Mecoacan; such may be also Expressed from Poppy-Heads, which grow in Italy, and the Southern Parts of France, but not so strong as the former.  
That which comes from Thebes is accounted the best. Choose that which is Black, breaking with a little cast of Yellow, free from little Stubs or Leaves, a little Acrimonious, of a very bitter Taste, and a disagreeable Stupefactive Scent.  

Extract of Opium.  
PUT four Ounces of good Opium in thin Slices, into a glass Body, wherein there is two Pound of Spring-Water; set it in Sand, and stop the Mouth of the Body with another Glass, make Fire under it, till by gradual Heat it is made to Boil, in which state keep it two or three Hours, than let out the Fire, and whilst the Dissolution is hot, run it through a Flannel Bag, and press it strongly with your Hand, into an Earthen Vessel; put that which remains in the Bag into a Matras, in which there is a quart of Rectified Spirit of Wine; make a double Vessel of the Matras, and let it stand in Digestion twenty four Hours, now and than shaking it. Than take it out, and when 'tis cool, run it also through a Flannel, as before; put the Spirit of Wine which is charged with the Gummous Part of the Opium, that the Water was not capable of dissolving, into a Cucurbit, and in a gentle Heat draw of two Thirds of the Spirit of Wine, which will serve again for the same Use. Than put both the Extractions together, and in a clean Earten-Pan, with a moderate Fire Evaporate, till it is of a Consistence fit to form into to Pills, which put up in a Galley-pot for Use.  
It is the most certain Anodine yet known to Physicians, and is fit for any Compound Laudanum.  
It's Dose from half a Grain to two or three Grains.   

Dr. Goddard's Compound Extract of Opium.  
TAke of Saffron and Nutmegs, ana one Ounce, of Castor. half an Ounce: slice the Nutmegs and Castor. thin, and put them into a Matras, with the Saffron; put to them twelve Ounces of Tincture of Bohemian-tartar; set them in a gentle Heat of Sand (with the Mouth of the Matras well stopped) in Digestion twenty four Hours, shaking it now and than; than let it cool, and press it through a Cloth into a clean Earthen Pan; what stays in the Bag put into the Matras again, and put to it half a Pound of Rectified Spirit of Wine; let it stand warm twelve Hours, and strain it of to the other; into these Tinctures put five Ounce of the Extract of Opium, set them over a gentle Fire to Evaporate into an Extract.  
It is a good Soporisick, causing rest, and alleviates all Pains, in what pat of the Body soever.  
It's Dose from half a Grain to three or four Grains.   

Liquid Laudanum, with Juice of Quinces.  
TAke two Ounces of good Opium, one Ounce of English Saffron, and one Pound and an half of the Juice of Quinces. Let the Opium be thin sliced, and with the Saffron be put to the Juice of Quinces, in a Glass Body; some adding Yeast of Ale to Ferment it. Set them in a gentle Heat of Sand, to digest till the Fermentation is over, and the Saffron subsides. Than express the Juice, and let it stand to settle: when 'tis settled, pour it of by gentle Inclination; put the Liquor into a Matras, and put to it two Ounces of Cinnamon, one Ounce and an half of Cloves, and one Ounce of Jamaica-Pepper; let them be bruised, and put them into the Liquor to stand in Digestion fourteen Days. Than again express the Juice, gently Evaporate it to a due Consistence, and put it up for Use.  
It's Virtues are the same with the former.  
It's Dose is from ten, to forty or fifty Drops.   

Liquid Laudanum, with Tincture of Tartar.  
TAke choice Opium two Ounces, Saffron one Ounce, Cinnamon two Drachms, Nutmegs and Mace, ana one Drachm. To these Ingredients in a Matras, put twenty four Ounces of Tincture of Bohemian-tartar; make the Matras a double Vessel; Lute well the Joints, and set them in a Heat of Digestion three Days, shaking them every Day. Than open the Vessel, and add to the Mixture two Ounces of Juniper-Berries bruised; Let it stand in Digestion three Days longer, than let it cool, and press it through Flannel. Put the express Liuqor into a Cucurbit, and with its Head and Receiver Luted; set it over a gentle Fry of Ashes; draw of eight Ounces of the Spirit; let that which remains cool, and decant it gently from the Feceses, into a Vial well stopped, which keep for Use.  
It's Virtue and Dose the same with the foregoing.   

Dr. Sydenham's Liquid Laudanum.  
TAke Select Opium two Ounces, Saffron one Ounce, Cinnamon and Cloves powdered, ana one Drachm; put them in a Matras, and pour upon them one Pint of good Canary-wine; let the Matras be fitted for Circulation, and set them in good Heat of Digestion for three or four Days; than press them through Flannel; let the Liquor settle, and by gentle Inclination pour it into a clean Vial, and keep it for Use.  
It's Operation the same with the foregoing.  
It's Dose is from ten to forty or fifty Drops.   

Liquid Laudanum, with sweet Spirit of Nitre.  
TAke two Ounces of the best Opium, which slice, and put into a Matras, with one Ounce of Saffron; and to them one Pound of Spiritus Nitri Dulcis; invert into the Mouth of the Matras another Glass; Lute it, and set it in Digestion five Days (shaking it about every Day) than let it cool, and drop into it (by degrees) one Ounce and an half Sal Volatile Oleosum. When the Fermentation is over, Stop and Lute it up again, and let it stand three Days longer in Digestion: Than let it cool, and set it inclining to settle, and gently decant it into a Vial for Use.  
It is an excellent and certain Anodine, and a great Expeller of Wind, and seldom or never, that I have yet heard of, offends the Stomach or Bowels of the Patient.  
It's Dose is the same with the former.   

Liquid Laudanum, made with the Volatile Oily Salt.  
TAke four Ounces of the Extract of Opium, put it in a Marble Mortar, grinned it with half a Pound of Tincture of Bohemian-tartar, which must be put to it by two Ounces at a time, grinned them till the Opium is well mixed with the Tincture of Bohemian-tartar; than put them into a Matras, and put to them one Pound of Sal. Vol. Oleosum, upon which you must drop half a Drachm of sweet Spirit of Nitre; shake them well together, which will produce a little Fermentation; when that is over, make a Circulating Vessel of the Matras, Lute the Juncture well with Bladder; and set it in a gentle Heat of Digestion six Days, shaking it about every Day.  
Than let it settle, and decant into a clean Vessel, both which keep well stopped for Use.  
It is an Excellent Laudanum, a certain Sudorific, and a great Expeller of Wind.  
It's Dose is from ten, to thirty or forty Drops.   

Matthews his Pill.  
TAke of the Extract of Opium, of Black Hellebore, of Liquorish, and the Corrector, or Soap made with Salt of Bohemian-tartar and Oil of Turpentine, as beforementioned, ana four Ounces. Let the Hellebore and Liquorish be made into Subtle Powder; beaten and mix these four Ingredients very well; than with two or three Ounces of this Mass, mix two Ounces of good English Saffron, cut in very small pieces, and beaten them well together, till the Saffron is perfectly mixed with the Mass, so that no part of it is discernible from the rest: Than beaten and mix that as well with the rest of the Mass. If the Mass be too dry, you may mix with it some of the Oil which comes from the Soap, which it spews out when it stands by a long time; or in its stead so much Rectified Oil of Turpentine as is sufficient to make it into a Mass fit to form into Pills. Than put it into a wide-mouthed Glass, or Galley-pot, tied over with a Bladder or Leather.  
It is Diaphoretic, Anodine and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from two, to five or six Grains,   

Dr. Starkey's Pill.  
TAke Extract of Opium four Ounces, Nutmegs and Mineral Bezoar. ana two Ounces; Saffron and Virginia-Snake-Root, ana one Ounce; beaten the Nutmegs and Saffron together into a Paste; so that the Saffron cannot be discernably distinguished from the Nutmegs. Also let the Mineral Bez. and Snake-Root be in Impalpable Powder. Than mix all together, with half a Pound of the Corrector, half an Ounce of Oil of Sassafras, and two Ounces of Tinct. of Antimony; let them all be well Incorporated, by beating in a Mortar: Than keep them in a Glass, or Galley-pot, tied over with Bladder and Leather for Use.  
This I had from the Ingenious Dr. Starkey's own Mouth, in the Year 1665. a little before his Death, who than told me, He gave Matthews the former for a little Money; but this is it which he successfully made use of himself.  
It is both more Diaphoretic, and a greater Anodine than the former; and I have heard it affirmed by several Gentlemen, who have made use of it in their Practice, to be the best Laudanum they ever met with.  
It's Dose is the same with the former.   

Observations.  
THat the Extract of Opium may as well be made with Brandy, 
Extract of Opium.  or Proof Spirit, as with Water and Spirit of Wine, there being Water enough in either of them to Dissolve that we call the Spirituous Part of Opium; and also Spirit enough to dissolve the more Terrestrious Resinous Part: But be careful in drying it into an Extract that you do not burn it.  
When you put the Extract of Opium to the Tincture of Saffron, 
Compound Extract of Opium.  Castor, and Nutmegs; stir them well together till the Extract and Tinctures be Incorporated; and likewise be careful to prevent burning the Extract.  
The Yeast does often make the Medicine muddy, 
Laud. liq. Cydoniat.  and therefore I substitute in its place two Ounces of Juniper-Berries, which renders the Laudanum more pleasing to the Eye, and takes of its griping Quality.  
Of late I have put in the Juniper-Berries with the Saffron, 
Laud. liq. Tartarisat.  Cinnamon, Nutmegs, and Mace, and digested them three or four Days, than pressed them through Flannel, decanted that Liquor, and when settled, put to the Tincture one Ounce, or six Drachms of the Extract of Opium; Incorporated them well, and Distilled of eight Ounces of the Spirit.  
The Canary-Wine will endure something a stronger Heat of Digestion than Spirit of Wine, or Tincture of Bohemian-tartar; 
Laud Liq. Sydenham.  because there is not Spirit enough in the Wine to Extract the Resinous Part of the Opium. If after three or four Days Digestion of the other Ingredients you press it out, let it settle, pour it of by gentle Inclination, and than put to it one Ounce, or six Drachms of the Extract of Opium, you will better perform the Operation.  
If you add two Ounces of Iuniper Berries to the Saffron, 
Laud. Liq. cum Spir. Nit. Dulc.  the Medicine will be a greater Carminative, and if instead of Crude Opium, you take the Extract, and proceed as in the former Observation, you will the better succeed.  
If you Distil the Oil of Turpentine, with which you make the Soap, 
Starkeys & Matth. Pill.  from Aromatic Herbs and Seeds, viz. Lavender, Mint, Rosemary, Marjorum, Carrawayseeds, and Juniper-Berries, the Laudanum will be made more grateful.    

CHAP. XVI. Of Essential Oils, and Fixed Salts.  
ESsential Oils are such as retain the Smell and Taste of the Spices, Gums, Herbs, Flowers, Berries, Seeds and Woods, from which they are drawn, viz. Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, etc. Benjamin, Balsam Peru, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Capivii, Turpentine, etc. Mint, Balm, Marjorum, Wormwood, Pennyroyal, Rosemary, Sage, Camomel, etc. Anniseeds, Corianderseeds, Caraway-seeds Cumin-seeds, Sweet Fennel-seeds, etc. Juniper-Berries, Bay-berries, etc. Rhodium, Sassafras, etc.  
The Fixed Salts are Extracted out of the Ashes of the Woods and Plants.  

The manner of Distilling Essential Oils.  
TAke what quantity of any Spice, Gum, Berry, Seed, Herb or Wood you please, such as are proper to be bruised or powdered, let them be put so into a Cooper-Still, and to them put eight or ten times their weight of common Water; Lute the Head to the Still, and its Refrigeratory or Worm, make Fire under it to make it Boil, and in a little time the Water and Oil will run into the Receiver, which we call a Spout Receiver, such as the Figure at the beginning represents; when you apprehended that all the Oil is come of, hold a Spoon under the Nose of the Worm, and if you perceive any Oil comes with the Water into the Spoon, continued the Fire longer, if no Oil appears in the Spoon, let out the Fire, and separate the Water from the Oil.  
Observe, First, Few of these Oils are worth Distillation, except in great quantities, that is to say, several Still fulls.  
Secondly, That you watch it at its first beginning to Distil, to prevent its boiling over; and if you think the little Stream runs too fast through the Worm, open the Door of the Firehole, and that will a little alloy its vigour; if it be not sufficient, interpose, a Fireshovel between the Fire, and the bottom of the Alembick, so as to keep it running in a small Thread, and after the first half Hour of its working, you may be more bold with the Fire.  
Thirdly, That you leave Water enough in the Still to secure the Matter in it contained from burning.  
Fourthly, That you return the Water you Distilled of upon the fresh Matter in the Still, so long as it is the same Spice, Wood or Herb you drew the first Water from; for that Water being filled with some Oily Particles of the Vegetable from which you drew it, you will have by returning it, more Oil from the said quantity of Wood, Seeds, or Herbs, the Second Distillation than you had the First.  
Fifthly, Also observe, That the Oils of Cinnamon, Cloves and Sassafras, being more Concentrated and Compact than the other, sink to the bottom of the Water, and all the rest of the Essential Oils swim upon the Surface of Water.  
Sixthly, Observe, That the Oils of Aniseed, Sweet Fennel-seed, and Roses, will coagulate; therefore you aught so to order your Matter towards the latter end of your Distillation, to keep the Worm warm to the very Nose of it, by which means the Coagulated Oil melts down into the Receiver.   

The Fixed Salts of Plants are made out of their Ashes. For Example:  
Take dry Wormwood, what quantity you please, burn it upon a clean Hearth; rake the Ashes so long as any Fire appears amongst them; put those Ashes into an unglased Pan, which set in a Calcining Furnace; make Fire about it till the Pan is read hot, where keep it (continually stirring the Ashes) till they are perfectly Calcined into whitish grey Ashes, without any blackness: Than put them into a clean Pan, and pour hot Water to them; when that Water is sufficiently Impregnated with the Salt, Filter and Evaporate to dryness; and so continued the Extraction, Filteration and Evaporation, till the Ashes are left insipid.    

CHAP. XVII. Of TURPENTINE.  
IT is of a Balsamic Consistence and Nature, and comes by Incision from several kinds of Trees, viz. the Turpentine Tree in the Island of Chios, from which the Chios Turpentine proceeds; also from the Pinetree, the Larix and Fir.  
It is Diuretic, and given in Gonorrhea's, Ulcers of the Reinss, Bladder and Matrix.  
It's Essential, or Aetherial Spirituous Oil, is drawn in Water, in a large Copper Still, as other Essential Vegetable Oils are.  
From the Colophone which remains in the Copper-Still, may be Distilled by Retort, its Yellow Oil, and Read Balsam, as followeth:  

The Yellow Oil, and Balsam of Turpentine.  
TAke the Colophone which remains in the Copper-Still, after the Spiritual Oil is Extracted, what quantity you please, break it in little pieces, and put it into a Retort not above half full; place it in a Sand Furnace; heat it gradually to the second degree of Fire, in which some Oil will drop into the Receiver; augment that Degree a little, and it will 'cause all the Oil to Distil; than change the Receiver, and urge the Fire to the third Degree, which will 'cause yellow thick Drops to Distil, with some Fumes; when the Fumes decrease, augment the Fire to the Fourth Degree, which will drive over its Read Balsam; when the Receiver gins to cool, and the Fumes disappear, let out the Fire.  
By this Method you may Distil the Oil and Acid Spirits of Mastic, Frankincense, Tacamahacca, Gum Elemi, Labdanum, and all other Gums of this Nature.    

CHAP. XVIII. Of BENJAMIN.  
IT is a Resinous Fragrant Gum, which Distils out of a large Tree, growing in Samaria, and the Country's adjacent; It's greatest Consumption is by the Perfumers: It's Physical Use is to resist the Malignity of Humours. It is also Pectoral and Cephalick.  
That which breaks Grey, and is full of white lucid Spots, is counted best.  

The Tincture of Benjamin.  
POwder four Ounces of Select Benjamin, put it in a Matras, and put to it Tartarised Spirit of Wine, one Pound; fit the Matras for Circulation; Lute the Joint, and set it in warm Sand three or four Days, now and than shaking it about; in that time it will acquire a fine Tincture, which Decant, and keep for Use.  
It's chief Use is to smooth the Skin, and take away Spots out of the Face. One Drachm of it being put into four Ounces of clean Water, turns it white; this is called Virgins Milk. It is also used in Asthmas, and other Diseases of the Lungs.  
It's Dose is from twenty, to sixty or seventy Drops.   

Flowers of Benjamin.  
PUT into a Subliming-Pot (of which you have the Figure in the Cuts) two or three Ounces of Benjamin in gross Powder, set on its Cover, without Luteing, and keep it in the Second Degree of Fire in Sand, or immediately over a very small Fire of Charcoal; the Flowers will presently begin to rise into the Cover, which once in an Hour, or Hour and a half, must be taken of, and wiped out upon a clean Sheet of Paper with a Feather; you aught to have two Covers to one bottom, that you may clap on one as soon as the other is taken of. When you see the Flowers begin to rise yellow, take the melted Benjamin out of the Pot, with a Spoon, and put into it more powdered Benjamin, as you did at first, and so proceed till you have as many of the Flowers as you desire.   

The Oil and Spirit of Benjamin.  
TAke of the black melted Benjamin, (which you took out of the Pot after the Sublimation of the Flowers) one Pound; put it into a Retort, which place in a Sand Furnace; cover it well with Sand; Lute on its Receiver, and make Fire of the first Degree for one Hour; than increase to the Second, in which you will have some Oil and Spirit, with some discoloured Flowers; augment the Fire to the third Degree, and at last to the Fourth, till no more Fumes appear, and you will have a blackish Oil, with an Acid Spirit, and the neck of the Retort will be filled with the discoloured Flowers, which you may take out, and put upon clean brown Paper to suck up the Oil. These Flowers (though not so beautiful) are as good for Use as the former; and though both the Oil, Spirit and Flowers have acquired (at present) an Empyreumatical Scent, in six or eight Month's time their Fragrancy will return.  
The Oil is a Balsam for Wounds. The Spirit is Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from ten to fifty Drops, in any proper Vehicle.  
After the same Method you may Distil the Oil, Spirit, and Volatile Salt of Tolu and Peru, etc.   

Observations.  
YOU may add to the four Ounces of Benjamin, one Ounce of Storax, 
Tincture of Benjamin.  and also one Drachm of the Balsam of Peru; they will not only tender the Scent more grateful, but also add to the deepness of the Tincture.  
You must take care that the Fire is not too big, if it be, 
Flowers of Benjamin.  it forces up some of the Oil with the Flowers, and discolours them.  
If you have the quantity of two or three Ounces of the black Oil, 
Oil of Benjamin.  you may put it into a Cucurbit, which is capable of holding a Gallon of Liquor, in which you may put two or three Quarts of Water to the Oil, and set it in a Sand Furnace, Luting on its Head and Receiver, and give it gradual Fire till the Water is ready to boil. In this Heat the Spirituous Part of the Oil will Distil with the Water, of a fine Amber Colour, and a Fragrant Scent.  
It is a good Internal Medicine, a powerful Diuretic, and a Specific against the Stone and Gravel in the Reinss and Kidneys.  
It's Dose is from three to fifteen Drops, in a little refined Sugar. The Spirit may (before the Rectification) be separated by Filtration.    

CHAP. XIX. Of CAMPHIRE.  
IT is a Volatile Sulphureous Substance, which drops from a large Tree growing in the Island of Borneo in the East-India's. It is separated from its Dirt by Sublimation, and is brought to us in a Transparent Friable Cake; The clear, white, and such as is hard to quench, when set on Fire, is the best. It is counted a Volatile Alkali, saturated by Nature with its own Fatness.  
It is Anti-Pestilential, and Procreative, (though some have Asserted the contrary) good against Fits of the Mother, and a great Smother and Beautifier of the Skin.  

The Oil, or Dissolution of Camphire.  
TAke clear white Camphire, four Ounces, powder it grossly, and put it into a Matras; pour upon it eight Ounces of Spirit of Nitre; set it in a very gentle Heat of Digestion, often shaking it; and in two or three Hours time it will dissolve into a clear Liquor swimming above the Spirit of Nitre, which you may separate as you do other Oils. It's Use is chief External.  
If it be dropped into Rose-water, and with it washed from its Acrimony, it reassumes its Body, smooths and whitens the Skin.   

Compound Oil of Camphir.  
TAke of the aforesaid Oil four Ounces, of the Rectified Oil of Amber, Juniper-Berries, Oranges and Lemons, ana three Ounces; put them into a Matras, and let them stand in Digestion till they are united, which will be in three or four Days: But if you will more strictly Unite them, put into a large glass Body so much Water, as to fill it two Thirds; put to it the Compound Oil; set it in a Sand Furnace, with its Head and Receiver, give it Fire gradually till the Water simper and bubble; continued that Fire till all the Oil is Distilled. If any of the Camphire remains coagulated, either in the Head or Receiver, return it, (with all that Distilled) into the Body again, and Distil as before: Repeat this Operation two or three times, and the Oils and Camphire will become inseparable.   

Observations.  
IF you drop this Oil into Water, 
Oil of Cam. by Dissolute.  it reassumes its Body, not being Subtilised into an Essential Oil, but only dissolved by so much of the Nitrous Spirit, as it is capable of receiving.  
By repeated Distillations it will perfectly Unite with the other Oils, 
Compound Oil of Cam.  and become Essential.     

A Complete Course OF Chemistry. PART III  

Of Animals and Infects.  
I Shall here, in this Third and Last Part, speak only of those Animals, and such Parts of them, as we make use of in Chemistry, as Shall Armoniac, Urine, Blood, Bones, Horns, Hoofs, etc. Also, Serpents, Vipers, Wood-Lice, Pismires, etc. And First,   

CHAP. I Of Sal Armoniac.  
SAL Armoniac is brought from Alexandria in Egypt, Venice, Antwerp, etc. It is either Natural or Artificial. The Natural is found in very hot Countries, where the Earth has Imbibed the Urine of Animals; but of this very little is brought to us. The Artificial is made of Urine ten Pound, Sea Salt two Pound, and the Soot of Wood one Pound: These are boiled into a Mass, and Sublimed into such Cakes as come to us.  

Purification of Sal Armoniac.  
DIssolve what quantity you please in warm Water, Filter and Coagulate, or only Evaporate to a Pellicle, and set it to shoot in a cold place; either of them will tender you a very white Salt.  
It's Operation is Sudorific and Diuretic; and said to be good in Malignant Fevers; also in Quartane Agues; Provokes Woman's Terms, Resists Putrefaction, and therefore given in the time of the Plague.  
It's Dose is from twenty Grains to one Drachm and half.   

Sublimation of Sal Armoniac.  
PUT what quantity of Sal Armoniac (in gross Powder) you please into a Retort, or Matras, with its Head; place it in a Sand Furnace; fit a Receiver to it, and give gradual Fire to the Third Degree, in which you may keep it till all is Sublimed, which you will perceive by the Sublimate rising clear above the Sand. Some Sublime it with common Salt, and others with Burned Alum, but they serve for no other Use than taking up room in the Glass, which must not be quite half full. Sal Armoniac being Sublimed with common Salt, is that which Mr. Lemery calls Flowers of Sal Armoniac.  
It's Use the same of the Purified.   

Spirit of Sal Armoniac, with Salt of Tartar.  
TAke of Sal Armoniac, and Salt of Bohemian-tartar, ana one Pound; Powder and mix them well, and put them presently into a Cucurbit (or rather into a Retort, because there is but one Joint to close) sprinkle it with twelve Ounces of Phlegm of Wine, or eight Ounces of Spring or Rain-water; place it in Sand and Luting well its Receiver with Bladder, give it Fire of the First Degree one Hour and an half; increase it to the Second, and keep it so two Hours; go on to the Third, and keep it there till you see the Salt begin to dissolve in the Neck of the Retort, or Head of the Cucurbit: Let all cool, and put the Spirit into a Vial by itself, and the Salt in another by itself.  
It's Operation is Sudorific and Diuretic.  
It is given in Epilepsies, Palsies, Smallpox, Malignant Fevers and Plague.  
It's Dose is from ten Drops to one Drachm.   

Spirit of Sal Armoniac, with Quick Lime.  
TAke of Sal Armoniac, in fine Powder, one Pound, of Calx Vive, which has lain in the Air till it is broken into fine Powder, three Pound; mix them well, and put them presently into a Retort, to which put two Pound of River, Rain, or Spring-water; shake it, to mix the Powder and Water, and place it in a Sand Furnace, Lute well the Juncture of the Receiver, and give Fire of the First Degree one Hour and a half; augment it to the Second, where you may keep it till about twelve Ounces of Spirit be Distilled. Than take it of, and keep it in a Vial well stopped for Use.  
You may Lute on the Receiver again, and draw of three or four Ounces more, which will be pretty strong.  
It's Operation, Use, and Dose, the same with the other.  
It is accounted the better Spirit to smell to, being more Penetrating; but by reason of its heat, it is not thought so good for Internal Use.   

The Spirit and Volatile Salt of Sal Armoniac, which Mons. Lemery calls, Sweet Spirit of Sal Armoniac.  
TAke of Sal Armoniac, and Salt of Bohemian-tartar, ana one Pound, make them into fine Powder, and mix them; put them into a Cucurbit, fit a Helm to it, with a wide Beak, and likewise a Receiver to the Helm; Lute them well with Bladder dipped in the white of an Egg, well beaten with a little Water; place them in a Sand Furnace, and give Fire of the First Degree two Hours; the Salt will rise into the Head, and some Spirit drop into the Receiver: Raise the Fire to the Second Degree, and keep it so four or five Hours, in which time all the Volatile Salt will be Sublimed: Let all cool, and take of the Head and Receiver, put the Spirit into a Vial well stopped, and the Salt in another also well stopped. If you would have the Salt converted into Spirit, it is done by three or four Rectifications.  
It is of the same Use with the other Spirits of Sal Armoniac, and may be given in a greater Doses.   

The Acid Spirit of Sal Armoniac.  
TAke the Caput Mortuum of the former Spirits one Part, and of Fuller's Earth three Parts, both beaten into fine Powder, and well mixed; put them in an Earthen Long-Neck, and place it in a Reverberatory; Fit and Lute on the Receiver; make Fire of the First Degree for one Hour, increase it to the Second, and keep it there three Hours longer, and so to the Third and Fourth, till the Receiver comes clear without Fumes: Than let all cool, take of the Receiver, and put up the Spirit for Use.  
It is of the same Nature and Use as the Spirit of Common Salt, etc.   

The Diuretic Salt.  
TAke the grey Salt which remains in the Vessel after Distillation, of either of the Spirits made with Sal Armoniac and Bohemian-tartar, Dissolve, Filter and Evaporate, either to a Pellicle, and so to shoot into Crystals, or to a dry bottom.  
It's Operation is Diuretic and Diaphoretic. It works by Urine very powerfully, from which it takes its Name.  
It is given in the Stone and Gravel, also successfully in intermitting Fevers.  
It's Dose is from ten Grains to one Drachm, in any proper Vehicle.   

Sal Volatile Oleosum.  
TAke of Sal Armoniac and Salt of Bohemian-tartar, ana half a Pound, powder them apart, and mix them; put the mixture into a Retort; put also into the Retort half an Oun. of Marum Syriacum, and of Tartarised Spirit of Wine one Pound and a half, Impregnated with these Essential Oils, viz. Cloves half a Drachm, Cinnamon one Scruple, Nutmegs two Scruples, of Marjorum, Lemons and Oranges, ana one Drachm; put to them of clean Water two Pound, and set all in a Sand Furnace; Lute on its Receiver, and give Fire of the first Degree one Hour and a half; increase to the Second, in which continued it five or six Hours, or until you have in the Receiver, about a Pint and a half of Spirit and Salt.  
You may Aromatize it with Essence of Ambergris, to your pleasure.  
This Medicine is differently composed, as the Operator pleases.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It is given in all Pains and Diseases of the Head: It is good in Palsies, Lethargies, Scurvy, Pestilential Fevers, Suffocation of the Womb, and in all Hysterick Cases.  
It's Dose is from ten, to sixty Drops.   

The hidden Spirit of Sal Armoniac.  
TAke of pure Spring-water 5 Pound, Pot-ashes two Pound, Sal Armoniac one Pound; put them into an uncut Body, and stop it with a Bolt Head, firmly Luted; let them stand three or four Days in a gentle Heat of Sand to Digest, shaking them two or three times every Day. Than let the Mixture settle; Filter, and keep the Water for use.  
'Tis said to open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, Provoke the Terms, Sweeten the Blood, and to give Ease in the Gout.  
It's Dose is from forty, to sixty, or one hundred Drops.   

The double Menstruum of Sal Armoniac.  
REduce Sal Armoniac and Calx Vive, into fine Powder, q. u mix them in equal quantities, and let them run, per deliquium, in a moist place.  
It is of the same Use with the foregoing Spirit.  
It's Dose is from ten Drops to one Drachm.  
Note, That it readily Dissolves Mercury Sublimate into a clear Water, which may be of Use to the Curious.   

Distillation of Urine.  
TAke Urine of Sound Young Men, newly made, as much as you please, put it into an Iron Kettle, and Evaporate it to the Consumption of one half, in a gentle Heat; put the Remainder into a Stone Bottle; stop it well, and set it by to Ferment for about two Months. Open the Bottle, and if you found it smell quick and strong, put it into a large glass Retort; Lute on a Receiver, and give Fire of the First Degree for an Hour; than increase to the Second, which will raise its Salt and Spirit; continued that Degree till you found the Salt begin to dissolve, and let all cool. Than take of the Receiver, and put all you found there into a Cucurbit; set it in Sand; Lute on its Head and Receiver, and give a gentle Heat at first, and the Salt, and some part of the Phlegm, which we call Spirit, will rise. Continued the Fire till you see the Head well lined with Salt, which when you perceive to decrease, let all cool, and put what you found in the Receiver into a Vial well stopped.  
It is Diaphoretic and Diuretic, and given in Intermitting and Malignant Fevers.  
It's Dose is from five to fifty Drops.  
But however, as to the Evaporation, observe to do it by a gentle Heat, jest some of its Volatile Salt, by too great an Agitation, should fly before its Fermentation. The use of this Fermentation is to separate the Phlegm, which would take up too much room to no purpose.  
Secondly, If you found not the Urine sufficiently Fermented, which you may know by its quick Scent, stop it again, and let it stand longer.  
Thirdly, If you desire the Salt and Spirit apart after the Rectification, than pour of the Spirit into a Vial, and tie a double Paper over the Mouth of the Receiver; set it downwards, and let it drain till the Salt is dry: Than scrape it of from the sides with a crooked Hoopstick, and put it into a Vial well stopped.  
If you desire yet a greater quantity of the Salt, put both it and the Spirit together, into a long Body; Lute on the Head and Receiver, and let it stand in a digesting Heat of Sand, that the Salt may gently Sublime.  
I have made the Spirit of Urine without Fermentation, by Evaporating to the Consistence of a Syrup, and giving it gradual Fire to the Third and Fourth Degree. In this Operation the Phlegm comes first, and than some Volatile Salt; afterwards more Volatile Salt will appear in white Fumes, with the Spirit, and a little stinking Oil, which must be separated from the Salt and Spirit before Rectification. After one Rectification you may separate the Volatile Salt and Spirit, as in the former, but I do not esteem it of equal Goodness with the Fermented Spirit, because all the Salt of Urine is Volatized by the Fermentation. In the Caput Mortuum, as some call it, you will found a strong Lixivious Salt; and if the Volatizing Fixed, or Lixivious Salts deserve that Encomium the most Celebrated Authors give of them, the Salt of Fermented Urine must be the best Medicine; and indeed there is a perceptible difference betwixt them, the Fermented Spirit and Salt being more Pleasant and Penetrating, both in Smell and Taste, than the Unfermented.   

Observations.  
THis Operation separates the accidental Dirt from the Salt, 
Purificat. Sal Armo.  and renders it fit for Sublimation. If without this Separation you should Sublime it, the foul and dirty Sulphur would rise with it, and tender it unfit for some curious Operations.  
Instead of a Pound of Salt of Bohemian-tartar, 
Spirit Sal Arm. cum Sal. Tart.  you may take one Pound and a half of Pot-ashes, made clean by Dissolution and Filtration, and Evaporate it to dryness; it is of the same Use with Salt of Tartar.  
If the Lime be not a little quenched before 'tis mixed with the Shall Armoniac, 
Spirit Sal Arm. cum Cal. Viu.  the Spirit will fly with such violence, that it will be very troublesome to put it into the Vessel, and the most Essential Part will be lost.  
If you put half a Pound of Tartarised Spirit of Wine to the Salts, 
Spirit Sal Arm. Dul.  before Distillation, you will have a greater quantity of Salt, than can be produced without it.  
This is the Spirit of common Salt which was before in the Composition of Sal Armoniac, 
Spir. Acid. Sal. Arm.  but kept down by the Salt of Bohemian-tartar, and therefore it requires as strong a Fire to Distil, as that of common Salt.  
If after the Humidity is Evaporated, 
Sal. Diure.  you make too strong a Fire under it, you will burn and discolour it.  
If you make it with the Spices and Herbs, instead of the Essential Oils, 
Sal. Volat. Oleosum.  it will acquire a little Tincture, which by some is disliked, but I think it not the worse.  
You may Dissolve and Filter the Salts apart, and than put the Dissolutions together, 
Spirit Sal Ar. Occult.  in a Glass big enough for the Spirit to Circulate.  
Let the Lime be two or three Days exposed to the Air, 
Menstru. Duplicat.  before you mix it with the Shall Armoniac, otherways a great part of the Volatile Spirit will evaporate, which aught to be United with the Salt.   

The Distillation of Hartshorn.  
TAke that which we call the Velvet-Head, in the Springtime, while it is soft, cut it in little pieces, and put them into a Cucurbit; Lute on its Head and Receiver; place it in Bal. Mar. and Distil a Water from it.  
It's accounted good to help forward the Births of Women, and to resist Malignant Humours in Fevers.  
It's Dose is from two, to four of five Ounces.   

The Spirit, Volatile Salt, and Oil of Hartshorn.  
TAke that which remained in the Cucurbit after the foregoing Distillation, or pieces of solid Hartshorn, as much as you please; put them into an Earthen Retort, or Iron Pot, either of which may be filled two Thirds: If it be an Iron Pot, you must fit to it a Copper-Head, with its Receiver; if a Retort, only a Receiver: Place them on a naked Fire, which increase gradually, so as to keep some Fumes in the Receiver, but not to force them so violently, as to blow of, or break it; at last give the Fourth Degree, in which keep it till no Fumes appear: Than let all cool; take of the Receiver, and put the Oil and Spirit into a Separating Glass; wash out the Salt which remains behind with clean Water, and put it to the Oil and Spirit. Than let it stand twenty four Hours to separate, and draw out the Spirit; than put them into a Cucurbit, or long bolled Retort, in a gentle Heat of Sand to Rectify; the Salt (and some part of the Liquor, commonly called Spirit) will first ascend; the Salt will increase till the Neck of the Retort and Receiver is well charged. When the Salt gins to dissolve, take of the Receiver, and separate the Spirit from the Salt, as before directed in that of Urine. If after Rectification any Oil appears upon the Spirit, separate it by a Glass, and keep the Spirit in a Vial well stopped.  
It is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose is from ten Drops to forty or fifty, in any convenient Vehicle.  
After the same manner we make the Spirit, Oil, and Salt of Human Skulls and Bones, Vipers or Serpents, Ivory, Hoofs, Hair, etc.   

The Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn.  
TAke the Spirit, Oil and Salt of Hartshorn, after the first Distillation, and Rectify them; put them so Rectified into a clean long bolled Retort; to each Pound of which put two Ounces of Sal. Vol. Oleos. and four Ounc. of Spir. Nit. Dulc. shake them well together, and set them in a very gentle Heat of Sand; Lute on a Receiver, and continued the Fire (not exceeding the second Degree) till all the Distilled: In the Receiver you will have a Spirit which has quitted its Empyreum, and received a penetrating, but a very pleasant Scent.  
It is a powerful Diuretic and Diaphoretic; it wonderfully expels Wind from any part of the Body, and by many Experiments found to be endued with all the Virtues attributed to Godard's Drops.  
It's Dose is from fifty, to sixty or seventy Drops, in any proper Vehicle.   

Observations.  
IF you Distil any Animal Spirit in an Iron Pot, with a Copper-Head, that Head aught to be kept only for such use.  
If you would have that we call Spirit and Salt absolutely free from the Oil, to one Pound of the Spirit (after the second Rectification) you may put of Bones, or Horns, Calcined to whiteness four Ounces, and Distil in a gentle Heat of Sand.  
If you desire all the Salt in a dry form separated from the Phlegm, put the aforesaid Mixture in a Matras, or long Body, with a Head and Receiver fitted to them, and in a very gentle Heat of Sand, the Salt will be Elevated into the Head and Neck of the Body or Matras: For know, that the Volatile Salt of Animals are properly their Spirits, and what we call Spirits, is no other than part of the Volatile Salt dissolved in the Phlegm, which nevertheless has the same Virtue of the True Spirit, or Volatile Salt, but given in a greater Doses.  
If you Rectify the Aromatic Spirit once more, 
Spir. C. C. Arom.  its pleasant Smell will be augmented.   

To Elixirate, or make Essential Animal Vol. Salts.  
TAke half a Pound of Volatile Animal Salt; put half a Pound of Tartarised Spirit of Wine to it, and it will Coagulate, and is that which Helmont calls his Offa Alba; Put that Salt into a Matras, pouring upon it pure and strong Distilled Vinegar, by little and little at a time, till the Ebullition ceases; Than set it in a gentle Heat of Sand, with its Head and Receiver well Luted; there will first come a subtle Liquor, dropping from the Nose of the Alembick; after that will sublime into the Head, a most glorious Salt, white as Snow, in figure like large Flowers of Benjamin, of a quick, pleasant, penetrating Scent, and a very agreeable Taste.  
In this Operation you must have a watchful Eye; as soon as you perceive the Crystals to fall or relent in the Head, draw the Cucurbit out of the Sand, and take of the Head and Receiver; put the Spirit and Salt apart, into Vials, and carefully stop them: In the Cucurbit you will found a very stinking Phlegm, which may be thrown away.  
This is that Animal Salt I Unite with the Salt of Bohemian-tartar, that so readily dissolves in Tartarised Spirit of Wine, beforementioned, with which I Extract the Anodine Sulphur of Metals, and of them Compose that Surprising Anti-Rheumatick Tincture,  
Which Rectifies lost and depraved Appetites, restoring the Stomach to its true Tone, and preparing the Aliment for further Digestion, Cleansing the Blood of all the Corrosive Salts which occasion those Acute Pains in Rhumatisms, Gouts and Scurvies, etc.  
It is a powerful Diuretic, and of Excellent Use in the Stone and Gravel, either in the Kidneys or Bladder, by dissolving and washing of that Petrifying Matter which is the cause of both.  
By its gentle Diaphoretic and Anodine Quality, it quiets the Archaeus, and allays the irregular Ferment in the Blood, by which means it becomes an Excellent Medicine in all Fevers; and by its Carminative and Sweetening Quality, gives present Ease in the Colic, and all Gripe in the Bowels and Stomach.  
In its Taste and Operation 'tis most pleasant, and mixes with all Liquors without Ebullition, Coagulation, or Precipitation. So much for the Anti-Rheumatical Tincture.  
This Essential Animal Salt is Diaphoretic and Diuretic. It's Dose is from five Grains to one Scruple.  
The Dose of the Anti-Rheumatick Tincture is from fifty to one hundred, or one hundred and twenty Drops, in any Liquor which is proper. My common Vehicle is Spring-water.    

CHAP: II Of VIPERS.  
THE Viper is one of the Reptiles, but whether Animal or Insect I dispute not: The Creature is well known, and has a Skin scaly, and withal so very compact, that it permits little or no Transpiration of Spirits, which is the reason why it is able to live several Months without any other Nourishment than that of the Air.  
As to the Story of Pliny about their Generation, that the Male puts his Head into the Mouth of the Female, which she bites of; that the young Vipers pierce the Womb and Sides of their Dam, and by that means revenge the Death of their Sire. Of their particular hatred to the Ash-Tree, that they will rather run into the Fire than come near it, and the like, I reject them as Fabulous.  
Authors are of different Opinions about the manner of emitting their Poison; some Asserting it proceeds from the yellow Juice which often appears upon the surface of the Wound; and others from the Rage or Exasperation of the Animal. But my design being only to give such Antidotes and Medicines as are produced from them by Chemical Preparation, I omit all Disputes as Foreign to my purpose.  

The Distillation of Vipers.  
TAke what number of Vipers you please, open and cleanse them from all Worms and Excrements, and the Females from their Eggs, which must be thrown away: Take out their Hearts and Livers; dry them in the shade, separately from the Bodies, and when they are dry, cut the Bodies into small pieces, and fill a coated Retort three quarters full; place it in a Reverberatory fit for the Retort; Lute to it, its Receiver, which must be capacious; cover the Furnace with its Dome, and make a gentle Fire under it for two Hours, in which time the greatest part of the Phlegm will come of; than increase the Fire to the second Degree for two Hours more, which will raise its Spirit and Volatile Salt; increase it still to the Third, which will fill the Recipient with Clouds; keep up that Degree till the Clouds seem to lessen in the Receiver; continued the increase of the Fire still, to the fourth Degree, and keep it there till all be come over, and the Receiver grows cool; than cease the Fire, and you will found the Phlegm, Spirit, Salt and Oil, which must be Rectified as followeth.   

Rectification of the Salt of Vipers.  
PUT all that you found in the Receiver in a Long-bodied, un-cut Cucurbit; If more Salt adheres to the Receiver than the Liquid which Distilled from the Vipers will dissolve, put in a little Water, and rinse all the Salt out into the Body; place it in Balneo, or a gentle Heat of Sand or Ashes; Lute on the Head with a Bladder daubed with stiff Starch, and dipped in the Glear of an Egg. You may also Lute on a small Receiver to the Beak of the Alembick, and the Salt will Sublime into the Head, or upper part of the Body, distinct from the Phlegm, and grosser part of the Oil, which must be kept in a clean Vial, carefully and exactly stopped for Use.  
To this Salt many Virtues are attributed; as that it gives Relief even to those Diseases which are most Refractory and Difficult to cure; as Apoplexies, Lethargies, Convulsions, Palsies, and all other Diseases believed to have their Source in the Brain: Likewise in Distempers of the Breast; as difficulty of Breathing, Palpitation of the Heart, Pleuresies, Soundings, etc. and particularly it opens the Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Misentery, etc. It dissipates all inward Imposthumes, and dislodgeth secret and unknown Pains, which have their Origine in the Spirits. It helps Digestion, and purifies the whole Mass of Blood, resolves and prevents Coagulations in all parts of the Body. 'Tis an excellent Remedy against all intermitting Fevers, particularly quartans. It works powerfully in the Distempers of the Matrix, and is an Enemy to all the Vices of the Skin, even to the Leprosy itself. But above all, a most certain Specific against the Bites of all Venomous Creatures. It is also a great Antidote against the Plague, and all Contagious and Epidemical Diseases, as the Measles, Smallpox, etc.  
It's Dose is from ten Grains to two Scruples, in any proper Vehicle.  
This Excellent Salt is also another Ingredient in the Anti-Rheumatick Tincture.   

A Sudorific Water of Vipers.  
TAke what number of Living Vipers you please; put them into a strong Earthen Body, tie a Haircloth over its Mouth, such as Corse Hair-Sieves are made of; fit and fasten a Head well to it, than place it in a Balneo, which gradually make to boil; this will Elevate a Water, which you will see drop into the Receiver; when the Drops cease to fall, let it cool, and take out the Water.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic, and 'tis successfully Exhibited in many Cases where the Salt is proper.  
It's Dose is from twenty, to seventy or eighty Drops, in any proper Vehicle.   

The Essence of Vipers.  
TAke of dried Vipers what number you please, cut them in small pieces, and put them into a Cucurbit, place it conveniently, and pour to it (by a little at a time) so much Spirit of Nitre as will dissolve them; commonly twelve Ounces of Spirit of Nitre will dissolve four Ounces of Vipers. When all the Spirit is put upon them, let them stand five or six Hours, and there will be a black Scum upon the Surface of the Dissolution, which must be taken of with a glass Spoon, or in defect of that, a clean Tobacco-Pipe. You will likewise found a little white Feceses in the bottom, which must also be Separated from the clear Dissolution; Pour the clear Liquor into a Retort, and by an Ounce or two at a time, put to it three times its weight of Tartarised Spirit of Wine, shaking them often about, as you mix them; place the Retort in a Bath of Ashes, and with a gentle Fire distil of the Spirit of Wine, which will be an excellent Dulcified Spirit of Nitre: To the black Matter remaining in the bottom of the Retort, put the same quantity of new Spirit of Wine Tartarised, and Distil it of, as you did the other; Put on again the same quantity as before, and Distil in the same manner; and repeat this so often with new Spirit of Wine, till it has neither any Nitrous Smell, nor Acid Taste; keep that which remains in the Retort, to unite with the Volatile Salt, and Rectified Oil of Vipers, as followeth.   

The Rectification of the Oil of Vipers.  
PUT the Oil and Phlegm from which the Salt of Vipers was Sublimed, into a Cucurbit; let the Cucurbit be capable of holding two Gallons; pour to them one Gallon of clean Water, set it in a Sand Furnace; fit to it its Head and Receiver; give it a gradual Fire, till the Matter within the Body bubble; continued the Fire so, till holding a Spoon under the Beak of the Head, you perceive very little or no Oil swim upon the Water, which drops into the Spoon.  
Than let all cool, and you will have Water, with the Aetherial Oil of Vipers, in the Receiver.   

The Union of the Volatile Salt, Aetherial Oil, and the most Subtle Particles of the Viper into an Essence.  
PUT to four Ounces of the Dissolved Body of the Vipers left in the Retort, one Ounce of Tinctura Regalis, beforementioned in the Chapter of Antimony, by a Drachm at a time; than to two Ounces of the Salt, and half an Oun. of the Aetherial Oil, put one Pound of the same Tinctura Regalis; put them in a Matras, which make a Circulatory, and let them stand ten Days in the Sun, or an equivalent Heat, shaking them every Day: when you see the Tincture has Imbibed all the Salt and Oil, take it out, and put it to the Dissolution of the Viper's aforesaid; and when by strong agitation you have loosened the Dissolution from the Retort, put it all into a Matras, and let it Circulate in a very gentle Heat ten Days, shaking it every Day; In this time all the several Substances will be united into an Essence, which pour of from the Feceses into a clean Vial, and keep carefully stopped for Use.  
This Essence is endued with all the Virtues of the Salt of Vipers, and if any Animal Medicine exceeds the Salt, it is this.  
It's Dose is from twenty to one hundred Drops, in any appropriated Liquor.   

Observations.  
SOme take only the Bodies, 
Distillat. of Vipers.  pulling of the Skin, and cutting of the Heads and Tails, which they put away; also they put away their Heart and Liver; but all these yield as much Salt, proportionable to their weight, as the Bodies do: And you may as well perform this Operation in a good Sand Furnace, and uncoated Retort, as you can in a Reverberatory.  
If you desire it more nicely Separated from all the Oily Particles which it carries with it in the First Rectification. 
Rectificat. of the Salt.  Mix three parts of clean, and very dry Chalk, in fine Powder, with one part of Rectified Salt of Vipers; put into a Matras, or uncut Curcurbit, with its Head and Receiver well Luted, and with a gentle Fire Sublime the Salt, and it will leave all its Oily Particles Absorbed in the Chalk.  
The Haircloth is fastened over the Mouth of the Cucurbit, 
Sudorific Water of Vipers.  to keep the Vipers from jumping up into the Head, when they begin to be heated, by which means they may break the Head, and get out, whose Biting than would be extremely pernicious, by reason of their iritation by the Heat of the Fire.  
When you put the Spirit of Nitre to the Vipers, 
Essence of Vipers.  place the Vessel where the Fumes may ascend without offending you. Also be careful not to put above an Oun. or two at once of the Spirit of Wine to that of Nitre, wherein the Vipers are dissolved, jest the Ebullition should be so strong, as to fly out of the Vessel with violence. The repeated Distillations with new Tartarised Spirit of Wine, are to elevate as much of the Spirit of Nitre as is possible, and to hinder its fixing the Salt of Vipers.  
One Gallon of Water will be sufficient to rectify four Ounces of the black Oil in, 
Rectificat. of the Oil.  and generally by that time you have Distilled two Quarts of Water, you will have all the Aetherial Oil come over.  
The Ounce of Tinctura Regalis is put to the dissolved Vipers, 
Union of the Oil, Salts, etc.  to satiate (in part) that Acidity still remaining in them, which otherwise might too much fix the Salt of Vipers, and reduce it to the Nature of common Sal Armoniac, which being again mixed with fixed Alkaliss, may be Sublimed into an Animal Urinous Salt, as it was before.  
You may likewise dulcify the Dissolution, by putting to it (a little at a time) so much pure fixed Nitre as will satiate its Acidity: than let it stand in a cold place, and it will shoot into a cumbustible Salt Peter again, and the Dissolution will thereby be freed from the Corrosive Spirit of Nitre, which would have changed the Volatile Salt into that which some call the Secret Sal Armoniac.  
N. B. That whatever Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral, is dissolved in the Spirit of Nitre, it will be made to Precipitate with the fixed Salt; and on the contrary, whatever is dissolved in the Olc. Nitri, per deliquium, or by its fixed Salt, will be separated by the Spirit; and this (if carefully Elaborated) may be done without prejudice to the Matter dissolved, and to the augmentation of their Virtues, by digesting and ripening their undigested Crudities.    

CHAP. III Of HONEY.  
IT is the Juice of Heavenly Dew, which falls upon Flowers and Herbs, and is gathered by that Industrious Insect the Bee, and in them further digested. The best is of a bright Yellow, having a pleasant Scent, and an equal Consistence in every part.  
It Nourisheth, Cleanses and Opens. It is Pectoral and Diuretic, cures Coughs, and resists Putrefaction.  

Tincture of Honey.  
TAke one Pound of pure Virgin Honey, despume it in a clean Earthen Pan, and put to it three Ounces of pure Salt of Tartar finely pulverised; stir them well together, and an Ebullition will arise; stay till it is over, and take of the Scum, and put the Mixture into a Cucurbit uncut, and pour upon it one Pound and an half of Tartarized Spirit of Wine; close the Mouth, and set it in the Heat of Digestion forty eight Hours, agitate the Matter three or four times a Day, and in that time the Spirit of Wine will have charged itself with the purest part of the Honey. Decant it from the Feceses into a new Cucurbit; Lute on an Head and Receiver, and draw of one half of the Spirit of Wine in a gentle Heat. That which remains will be a sweet thick Tincture, being an excellent Pectoral Medicine.  
It's Dose is from forty Drops to two Drachms.   

Spirit of Honey.  
MIX one Pound of Honey with three Pound of clean Sand, and put it into a Retort in a Sand Furnace; make a Fire of the first Degree for two Hours; Increase it to the Second for two Hours more, and so go on to the Third, where let it remain till no more Fumes or Drops will fall. You will found an Empyreumatical Spirit and Oil; put them both into a Cucurbit, and with a Fire of the First Degree draw of the insipid Water, and by the Second you will raise the Spirit.  
It is an Acid Spirit which dissolves Pearl and Coral; and some use it to procure, or make Hair to grow.   

Sweet Honey Water.  
TAke good French Brandy one Gallon, of the best Virgin Honey, and Corianderseeds, ana one Pound, Cloves one Ounce and an half, Nutmegs one Ounce, Benjamin and Storax, ana one Ounce, Benilloes, number four, the thin Rind of three large Lemons. Bruise the Cloves, Nutmegs, Corianderseeds and Benjamin, cut the Benilloes in small pieces; put all into a Cucurbit, and pour the Brandy to them, and after they have digested forty eight Hours, Distil of the Spirit in Balneo Mariae.  
To one Gallon of this Water add of Damask-Rose, and Orange-flower-water, ana one Pound and an half, of China, Musk, and Ambergreese, ana five Grains. First grinned well the Musk and Ambergreese with some of the Water, and afterwards put all together in a large Matras; shake them well, and let them Circulate three Days and Nights in a gentle Heat; than let all cool, Filter, and keep the Water in a Vial well stopped for Use.  
This Water I often made for King James: It is an Antiparalitick, smooths the Skin, and gives one of the most agreeable Scents that can be smelled. Forty or fifty Drops put into a Pint of clean Water, are enough to wash the Hands or Face with; and the same proportion to Punch, or any Cordial-water, gives a most pleasnt Flavour.   

Oil of Wax, with its Spirit and Butter.  
PUT three Pound of clean warm Sand into a Pan, slice into it one Pound of Bees-wax, in small pieces, stir it about that the Wax may melt, and mix equally with the Sand; when 'tis quite cold, put it into a Retort, and place it in a Sand Furnace; make Fire of the first Degree one Hour; increase it to the Second, and keep it so two Hours, and after in the Third for three Hours, in which time the Oil and Spirit, with some of the Butter, will be in the Receiver, and the rest of the Butter will stick in the Neck of the Retort; you may separate and keep them apart.  
Their Operation is Diuretic.  
The Dose of the Spirit is from ten Drops to forty or fifty, in any appropriate Liquor. The Dose of the Oil is from five to twenty five Drops, mixed with Sugar, to make it the better Incorporate with Liquor. The Butter is the same. The Butter and Oil are also outwardly applied, and are a good Dissolvent for Tumours.   

Observations.  
LET the Earthen Vessel you mix the Honey and Salt of Bohemian-tartar in, 
Tincture of Honey.  be Capacious enough to contain six or eight times the quantity you put into it, otherwise the Ebullition will be so strong, that it will 'cause it to boil over.  
The Sand is mixed with the Honey, 
Spirit of Honey.  to keep it from boiling over, notwithstanding which, it will swell and bubble, and therefore you aught not to fill the Retort above half full. In its Rectification, fit a Receiver, without Luting, and as soon as you Taste any Acidity, change the Receiver, Lute it, and draw of the Spirit in an Heat not exceeding the third Degree; and if you add a Twelfth, or Sixteenth Part of Spirit of Nitre Dulcified, it will abate its unpleasant Scent.  
The Honey is added to 'cause a kind of Fermentation, 
Sweet Hon. Water.  by which it more powerfully opens the Aromaticks, which would not all otherwise ascend in the gentle Heat of Balneo.  
You may mix the Wax with three times its weight of quick Lime, especially if you rather desire the Oil than the Butter; for the igneous Particles of the Lime mixing with it, rarefies it more than any other Bowl; and if you desire to convert all the Butter into Oil, one or two Rectifications from quick Lime will produce it, and make it more penetrating than Ol. Cerae, made any other way.    

CHAP. IU. Of Sows, or Hoglices.  
THey breed in Cellars and moist places, under Stones, old Casks, and Logs of Wood; being touched, they gather themselves up like round Beads; they are said to Digest, Extenuate, Open, Cleanse, and Resolve Tartarous Mucilage; are good in the Jaundice, Colic, Stone, and Difficulty of Urine.  

The Spirit, Volatile Salt, and Oil of Hoglices.  
PUT what quantity of Millipedes you please into a long bodied Retort, so that it be not above half full; place it in a Sand-Furnace; Lute on its Receiver, and give it the first Degree of Fire till the Retort is throughly hot; than increase the Fire to the Second, in which keep it two or three Hours (according to the quantity of Lice) and some Liquor will drop into the Receiver, and the Volatile Salt will begin to rise; increase it to the Third and Fourth Degree, till the Receiver grows cool; than cease, and take of the Receiver, where you will have Spirit, Oil, and Salt, which you may separate and Rectify apart; or put all together into a long Necked Matras, Luting on its Head and Receiver, and separate the Salt by Sublimation, as you do that of the Vipers.  
It's Operation is Diaphoretic and Diuretic.  
It's Dose from ten, to fifty or sixty drop.  
Observe. You may make the Tincture and Essence of them in the same manner, as you are directed, in the following Chapter of Ants.    

CHAP. V of the ANT.  
THis is a wise and Industrious Insect, making Provision in the Summer, for their support in Winter, observing a regular Discipline in their Labour, Regimenting their Number, and as it were constituting Officers over those that are appointed to work, to see its performance.  
I have with delight and wonder observed them to Issue out of their Nests in order, and when loaded with Provision, returning in a continued Line, without jostling those which have disburdened themselves, and are marching out for more Stores. This Labour they perform in the Full of the Moon, and rest in the New.  
They are Black, or Reddish, the Male winged, the Females not; in the Winter they breed Eggs and Worms, which in the Summer become Aunts; those which breed under Trees, and smell sour, are accounted best: They are said to Provoke Venery, and Created Courage; They use their Eggs to restore Hearing.  

The Spirit, Oil, and Volatile Salt of Ants.  
TAke what quantity of Aunts you please, put them in a long-bodied Retort, or an uncut Cucurbit; let not the Vessel be above half filled with the Insect; fit a Recipient, and Lute the Joint well; give gradual Fire, as you did to the Millipides, and in all things proceed as in the Distillation and Rectification of them.   

The Tincture of Ants.  
TAke what quantity of Aunts you please, put them into an un-cut Body, and put upon them so much Oil of Nitre, per deliquium, as will cover them; let them stand in a gentle Heat of Digestion five or six Days, in which time they will be dissolved; towards the end of which you may increase the Fire three or four Hours to make them boil; than let them cool, and pour upon them three times their weight of Spirit of Wine; stop the Body with a small Matras, and Lute the Joint well; let it stand in a good Digesting Heat till the Spirit is well tinged; let that cool, and pour it of; put on more Tartarised Spirit of Wine, and set it again in Digestion, till it has also acquired a Tincture, which will be in two or three Days time; Decant that Tincture to the first, and put both into a Cucurbit, Lute on its Head and Receiver, and in Balneo Mariae draw of two Thirds of the Spirit of Wine; that which remains in the Cucurbit let cool and settle, and by gentle Inclination pour the Tincture into a clean dry Vial for Use.  
In Virtue it exceeds that which is attributed to the Creature in every respect.  
It's Dose is from ten, to sixty or seventy Drops, in a Glass of Canary, or Wine and Water.   

The Essence of Ants.  
DIssolve Aunts in Spirit of Nitre, in the same manner as you did the Vipers, Skimming of the Froth and Decanting it from the Feceses; to the clear Dissolution of four Ounces of Aunts, put of its Rectified Oil four Drachms, which drop in by half a Drachm at a time; than put also, by a little at a time, two Oun. of its Salt; when all is mixed, and the Ebullition ceased, shake them well, and set them in a very gentle Heat of Digestion forty eight Hours, in a Circulatory Vessel; than, by gentle Inclination, pour of the Dissolution from the Feceses, into a clean Cucurbit; to which also put so much fixed Nitre in Powder, by a little at a time, till no Effervesence appears; let them stand cool and quiet, and in a few Hours they will be shot into a renovated Salt Peter: If any Liquor remains with the Crystals, pour it of into a clean Cucurbit, with its Head and Receiver, and in a very gentle Warmth dry it; likewise dry gently that Precipitate, which the Spirit of Nitre let fall, when it embraced its own first Salt.  
Than put the renovated Nitre, Precipitate, and the Residence of the Liquor which was Evaporated, all together, grinned them in a Glass, or Marble Mortar, put them in a Matras, pour upon them one Pound of Tartarised Spirit of Wine, invert a small Matras, and Lute the Joint well, and let it stand in Digestion three or four Days, shaking it every Day once or twice, than let it cool and settle, and Decant of the Tinged Spirit, and to the Matter remaining, put another Pound of Tartarised Spirit of Wine; let it stand as before, to Extract more Tincture, and so proceed, till it gives no colour to the Spirit of Wine. Than put all the tinging Spirit into a Cucurbit; Lute well on its Head and Receiver, and in a gentle Heat of Balneo draw of three Fourths of the Spirit, which keep well stopped, for any such like Operation hereafter.  
That which remains in the Cucurbit let cool, and pour it into a clean Bottle, which keep well stopped for Use.  
This is the most Excellent Medicine which is Prepared of this Industrious Insect.  
It's Dose from ten, to seventy or eighty Drops.   

Observations.  
AFter you have separated the Salt by Sublimation, 
Rectificat. of the Oil and Salt.  put the Oil and Phlegm remaining in the Matras into a Retort, with a long Body; rinse out as much as you can of the Oil which adheres to it, till it is above half filled with Water; place it in a Sand Furnace, and give it gradual Fire till the Water and Oil bubble a little; but take care it boil not over, for than your labour will be lost.  
If you put a quarter part of Spir. Nit. Dulcis, to that of the Oil in its Rectification, it will tender the Oil more pleasant, and no way hurt its Virtue.  
If the Oil of Nitre be very strong, 
The Tinct. of Ants.  the Spirit of Wine will not mix with it, but will swim upon it, as Oil doth upon Water, and will only pray upon the Animal Sulphur opened by the Oil; remember to shake them often while they stand in Digestion.  
Place the Vessel in which you make the Dissolution in such a place where the obnoxious Fumes may Evaporate without offence, 
The Essence of Ants.  and continued it there, after you have Decanted it from its Feceses, till you have charged it with the Volatile Salt and Oil of the Insect, and also with its own fixed Salt; than set it in Digestion, as the Process directs.    

CHAP. VI Of Spanish Flies.  
THEY are a sort of Beetle, of a golden greenish Lustre, produced from a Worm like a Caterpillar; they breed of a Moisture proceeding from Wheat, the Leaves of Ash, and Poplar. The best are found amongst Wheat, and in Meadows: They abound in Provence and Languedock, from whence we are chief supplied.  
They are Hot, and very Corrosive, seldom used inwardly, without good Correction.  

The Essence of Spanish Flies.  
BRuise four Ounces of Cantharideses, put them into a Cucurbit, and pour upon them, by a little at a time, twelve Ounces of Spirit of Nitre, and let them stand in Digestion twelve Hours; than with a Glass Spoon, or Spatula, take of a black Scum from the Surface of the Spirit, which cast away; pour gradually upon them one Pound and half of Tartarised Spirit of Wine, mix them well by shaking, and place them in a Sand Furnace; Lute on a Head and Receiver; kindle the Fire, which gradually increase to the Second Degree, and in that Heat draw of a Pound and half of Spirit, which keep by you for farther Use.  
To that which remains in the Cucurbit, put (by a little at a time) so much fixed Salt Peter, as will Satiate its Acidity, which you will know by the Ceasing of its Ebullition. Than put that Mixture into a Glass or Marble Mortar; put to it one Ounce of Resined Camphire, and grinned them till they are well Incorporated, and return them again into the Cucurbit; rinse out the Mortar with some of the Spirit of Wine which you drew of from them, which pour into the Body, with the remaining part of the Spirit of Wine; shake them well, and set them in a Heat of Digestion; make the Cucurbit a Circulatory; Lute the Joint close, and let them stand in that Heat eight or ten Days, shaking them well about every Day; than let it cool, and stand to settle; pour of the Tincture into a clean Cucurbit, and in a very gentle Heat draw of one half, or more, of the Spirit, which again put upon the Mixture, to Extract more Tincture; and when that Spirit is again Tinged, draw of two Thirds, which put the third Time to Extract more Tincture, and Distil as before, still putting the Tincture remaining after Distillation of the Spirit, to the first Tincture.  
Than take one Drachm of Ambergreese, half a Drachm of Musk, and two Drachms of white Sugar-Candy; grinned them very well together, with a little of the Spirit last drawn of; pour them into a Matras, and to them put four Ounces of the aforesaid Spirit, close the Matras well, and set it to Digest four or five Days; than put it to the Tincture of Cantharideses, also in a Matras, and let them Circulate together four or five Days more; than pour it into a clean dry Bottle, which keep well stopped for use.  
It is accounted a great Cordial, and really is endued with that quality which is attributed to the Essence of Satirion Root.  
It's Dose is from ten to one hundred Drops, in a Glass of Canary-wine, or any other Vehicle which better pleases the Patient.   

Observations.  
THat you make the Dissolution in a place where the Fumes may freely ascend without Annoyance to the Operator; the same Care must be taken in mixing the Spirit of Wine with that of Nitre; and also the same Caution aught to be used in putting the fixed Salt of Nitre to its Spirit.  
The Camphire absorbs the Corrosive Quality of the Fly; and the Fixed Salt of Nitre Satiates that of the Spirit, so that there is no need to fear any ill consequence from either.  
The Dissolution Subtilizes the Fly, and Corrects all its Poisonous Quality.  
The Discharge of the dissolved Particles, by the Fixed Salt, renders it fit to yield its Essential Being to the Spirit of Wine.     
FINIS.   

 

   

THE foregoing Preparations are divided into two Courses, which I design to perform once every Year, so long as God shall enable me; The First beginning about the Tenth of April, and the other about the Tenth of September. And therefore those Gentlemen who desire to see the said Courses, with the whole Dependencies thereof, may be Accommodated for two Guineas and an half, paying one Guinea entrance, by the First of April or September, and the rest at the beginning of each Course.  
And if any Gentlemen, to the number of Four or Five, desire to see such Processes as they will conclude of in the Intermission of my Course, they may be Accommodated for one Guinea a Piece, and taking of the Preparations at a reasonable and common Price.  

The April Course.  
Auri. 

PVrificatio Page. 9  
Amalgamatio Page. 10  
Calcinatio ibid.    
Argenti. 

Purificatio per Cupel Page. 17  
Dissolutio Page. 18  
Crystallizatio ibid.  
Precipitatio Page. 20    
Stanni. 

Purificatio Page. 24  
Amalgamatio Page. 25  
Calcinatio Page. 26  
Sublimatio Page. 27  
Precipitatio Page. 28  
Dissolutio per Aq. Reg. Page. 33    
Plumbi. 

Purificatio Page. 34  
Dissolutio Page. 36  
Sacharum Saturni ib.  
Precipitatio Page. 37    
Ferri. 

Preparatio Dr. Willis. Page. 41  
Crocus Martis Aperiens. Page. 42  
Dissolutio Page. 44  
Crystallizatio Page. 45  
Ens Martis ib.  
Precipitatio Page. 46  
Tinct. Martis Page. 47    
Cupri. 

Purificatio Page. 57  
Dissolutio Page. 59  
Crocus Veneris Page. 62    
Argenti Vivi. 

Purificatio Page. 65  
Cinnaber Page. 66  
Revivificatio Page. 67  
Sublim. Corrosivum Page. 68  
Mercur. Dulcis Page. 69  
Dissolutio Page. 70  
Precip. Rubrum ib.  
Panacaea Alba Page. 72  
Aethiops Minerale Page. 76  
Ol. Mercurii Page. 78    
Bismuti. 

Flores Bismuti Page. 85  
Magisterium Page. 86    
Antimonii. 

Reg. Antimonii Page. 88  
Sulphur. Auratum Page. 89  
Reg. Martis Page. 91  
Antim. Diaphoreticum Page. 93  
Crocus Metallorum ib.  
Magist. Antimonii Page. 97  
Sulph. Combustibile ib.  
Calcinatio Page. 99  
Vitrificatio ib.  
Panacaea Antim. cum igne Page. 103  
Tinct. Antimonii Page. 110    
Vitrioli. 

Dissolutio Page. 123  
Crystallizatio ib.  
Distillatio Page. 124  
Rectificatio Page. 125  
Gilla Theophrasti ib.  
Aq. Stiptica Page. 127  
Spiritus Vitrioli Dulcis Page. 128    
Sulphuris. 

Flores Sulph. flavi Page. 137  
Lac Sulphuris Page. 139  
Balls. Sulph. cum Ol. Oliu. Page. 141  
Balls. Sulph. cum Ol. Terebinth. Page. 142  
Hepar Sulphuris Page. 144  
Tinct. Sulphuris ib.    
Arsenici. 

Sublimatio Page. 152  
Arsen. Diaphoret. Page. 153  
Regulus Arsenici Page. 155  
Magisterium Page. 157    
Salis Nitri. 

Dissolutio Page. 160  
Crystallizatio ib.  
Sal Prunella Page. 161  
Sal Polychrestum Page. 162  
Spiritus Nitri Page. 164  
Aq. Fortis simplex Page. 167  
Aq. Fort. duplex Page. 168  
Pulvis Fulminans Page. 169    
Salis Comunis. 

Decrepitatio Page. 174  
Dissolutio ib.  
Crystallizatio ib.  
Distillatio ib.  
Spiritus Salis Gemmae ib.    
Succini. 

Ol. Succini Page. 180  
Spiritus ib.  
Sal. ib.  
Balsamum Page. 181    
Corallorum. 

Dissolutio Page. 187  
Precipitatio ib.    
Perlarum. 

Dissolutio Page. 187  
Precipitatio ib.    
Terrae Japanicae. 

Dissolutio Page. 192  
Tinctura ib.    
Jalapii. 

Dissolutio Page. 197  
Resina ib.    
Guiaci. 

Spir. Guiaci Page. 201  
Oleum ib.  
Sal Page. 202    
Corticis Peruviani. 

Infusio Page. 204  
Tinctura Page. 205  
Extractum Page. 206    
Sacchari. 

Spiritus Acidus Page. 208  
Oleum Foetidum ib.    
Vini. 

Distillatio Page. 213  
Rectificatio ib.  
Spiritus Vini Tartarisatus Page. 215  
Aq. Reginae Hungar. Page. 221    
Aceti. 

Distillatio Page. 224  
Spiritus Aceti Page. 225    
Tartari. 

Dissolutio Page. 227  
Crystallizatio ib.  
Calcinatio Page. 228  
Sal Tartari fixum ib.  
Sal Solubile Page. 229  
Ol. Tartari per Deliquium ib.  
Tart. Solub. & Emetic. Page. 232  
Spiritus Tartari Page. 236  
Ol. Tartari per Distillation. ib.    
Aloes. 

Dissolutio Page. 246  
Tinctura ib.  
Extractum ib.    
Myrrhae. 

Tinctura Page. 247  
Ol. Myrrhae per Deliquium Page. 249    
Crocus. 

Tinctura Page. 251  
Extractum ib.    
Elixirium. 

Elix. Propriet. cum Ol. Sulph. Page. 253  
Elix. Propriet. cum Tinct. Tart. Page. 255  
Elix. Propriet. cum Spir. C. C. Page. 256  
Elix. Propriet. cum Sal. Vol. Oleo. ib.    
Opii. 

Dissolutio Page. 265  
Extractum ib.  
Laud. Liq. Cydoniatum Page. 267  
Laud. Liq. cum Tinct. Tartari Page. 268  
Pil. Matheae. Page. 271    
Ol. Essentialium. 

Distillatio Page. 276    
Terebinthini. 

Distillatio Page. 281    
Benzoni. 

Tinctura Page. 282  
Flores Benz. Page. 283    
Salis Armoniaci. 

Purificatio Page. 290  
Crystallizatio ib.  
Spir. Sal. Arm. cum Sal. Tartari Page. 292  
Spir. Sal. Arm. Acidus Page. 295  
Sal Vol. Oleosum Page. 296    
Urinae. 

Distillatio Page. 298    
Corn. Cervi. 

Distillatio Page. 304    
Viperarum. 

Ol. Viperarum Page. 312  
Spiritus ib.  
Sal. ib.  
Rectificatio Page. 313  
Aq. Sudorifica Page. 315  
Essentia Viperarum Page. 316  
Rect. Ol. Viperarum Page. 317  
Vnitio Ol. & Sal. cum part. Vip. dissol. Page. 318     

The September Course.  
Auri. 

Aurum Fulminans Page. 11  
Aurum Potabile Page. 12    
Argenti. 

Lun. Caustica Page. 18  
Pil. Lunaria Page. 19  
Tinct. Lunae Page. 20  
Arbour. Philosophor. Page. 21    
Stanni. 

Dissolutio Page. 26  
Sal Stanni ib.  
Magisterium Jovis Page. 28  
Flores Jovis ib.  
Aurum Mosaicum Page. 30    
Plumbi. 

Balls. Saturn. cum Olco Terebinth. Page. 37  
Balls. Saturn. cum Ol. Olivarum ib.  
Spir. Arden's Page. 38    
Ferri. 

Croc. Mart. Astringens Page. 44  
Sal Mart. cum Spirit. Vitriol Dul. Page. 45  
Sulph. Martis Diaphoret. Page. 46  
Tinct. Martis cum Spir. Salis Page. 49  
Sulph. Martis Anodinum Page. 50  
Extract. Mart. Aperiens Page. 51  
Extract. Mart. Astringens Page. 52    
Cupri. 

Dissolutio Page. 59  
Crystallizatio ib.  
Spir. Veneris Page. 61  
Crocus Veneris Page. 62  
Tinct. Veneris ib.    
Argentum Vivum. 

Calomelanos Page. 70  
Precip. Rubrum ib.  
Panacaea Rubra Page. 71  
Turp. Minerale Page. 74  
Precip. Viride Page. 75  
Arcanum Corallinum Page. 77  
Ol. Mercurii Page. 79    
Antimonium. 

Reg. Jovis Page. 92  
Reg. Martis & Veneris ib.  
Cerussa Antimonii Page. 95  
Antihect. Poterii Page. 95  
Cordiale Poterii Page. 98  
Flores Antimonii albi Page. 100  
Flores Antimonii rubri Page. 102  
Antim. Resuscitat. ib.  
Panacaea sine igne Page. 104  
Mercurius Vitae Page. 107  
Bezoard. Minerale Page. 108  
Essentia Antim. Page. 109  
Tinct. Regalis Page. 111    
Lapis Calaminaris. 

Magisterium Page. 119  
Calam. Diaphoret. Page. 120    
Vitrioli. 

Dissolutio Page. 126  
Sal Vitrioli Cathart. ib.  
Sulph. Vitrioli ib.  
Spiritus Vitrioli Diaphoret. Page. 128  
Lapis Medicament. Page. 129  
Pul. Sympatheticus Page. 130  
Spir. Vitr. Philosoph. Page. 137    
Sulphuris. 

Flos Sulph. Alb. Page. 139  
Lac Sulphuris cum Calce V Page. 140  
Balls. Sulph. Anisatum Page. 142  
Balls. Sulph. Succin. ib.  
Balls. Sulphuris Martial. ib.  
Balls. Sulphuris Vulnerar. Page. 145  
Ol. Sulph. per Camp. Page. 146  
Sal Sulphuris Page. 147    
Arsenici. 

Sublimatio Page. 152  
Butirum Page. 155    
Nitri. 

Sal Nitri Catharticum Page. 163  
Spiritus Page. 164  
Spir. Nitri cum Ol. Vitriol. Page. 165  
Sal Enixum Page. 166  
Aq. Fortis simplex Page. 167  
Aq. Fort. duplex Page. 168  
Tinct. Sal. Nitri ib.    
Salis Communis. 

Spir. Salis Page. 174  
Spiritus Salis cum Ol. Vitr. Page. 176  
Ol. Salis ib.  
Sal Mirabile Page. 177  
Spir. Sal. Dulcis    
Succini. 

Oleum Succini in Arena Rectificat. Page. 181  
Ol. Suc. cum Aqua Rectificat. ib.  
Tinctura Page. 183  
Potestates Suc. Page. 184    
Corallorum. 

Tinctura Coral. Page. 188  
Sal Coral. Page. 187    
Terrae Japanicae. 

Catechu Page. 191    
Sacchari. 

Spiritus Composit. Page. 209  
Spiritus Arden's Page. 210    
Vini. 

Rectificatio oped. Page. 214  
Spiritus Vin. vere Tartaris. Page. 216  
Spiritus Cephalicus Page. 218  
Spir. Cochleariae simplex Page. 220  
Spir. Cochl. Cathart. Page. 221    
Aceti. 

Spiritus Concentratus Page. 225    
Tartari. 

Sal Tart. Catharticum Page. 230  
Tartarum Chalybeatum Page. 231  
Tart. Emeticum ib.  
Tart. Emet. & Cathart. Page. 233  
Tart. Vitriolatum Page. 234  
Sapo Tartari ib.  
Sal. Tart. Volatile Page. 237  
Tinct. Tartari Page. 239    
Myrrhae. 

Spir. Acidus Page. 248  
Ol. Myrrhae per Distillationem ib.    
Elixirium. 

Elix. Propriet. Antipestilentiale Page. 257  
Elix. Propriet. Volatile Page. 258  
Elix. Vitrioli ib.  
Elix. Peoniae Page. 259  
Elix. Salutis Page. 261  
Elix. sive Balls. Polychrest. Page. 262    
Opii. 

Extract. Compos. Godardi Page. 266  
Laud. Liq. Sydenham Page. 269  
Laud. Liq. cum Spir. Vit. Dul. ib.  
Laud. Liq. cum Sal. Vol. Oleos. Page. 270  
Pil. Starkei Page. 272    
Benzoni. 

Spir. Benz. Acidus Page. 284  
Ol. Benz. per Distillat. ib.    
Camphorae. 

Ol. Camph. cum Spir. Nitri Page. 286  
Ol. Camph. Compositum Page. 287    
Salis Armoniaci. 

Sal Arm. Sublimatum Page. 291  
Spir. Sal. Arm. cum Calce viva Page. 293  
Spir. Sal. Arm. Dulcis Page. 294  
Sal Diureticum Page. 295  
Menstru. Duplicat. Page. 298    
Corn. Cervi. 

Spir. C. C. Dulcis Page. 304  
Sal C. C. Essentiale Page. 308    
Viperarum. 

Aqua Sudorifica Page. 315    
Mellis. 

Tinctura Page. 323  
Aq. Mellis Aromatica Page. 325    
Formicarum. 

Spiritus Page. 331  
Oleum Page. 332  
Sal Volatile ib.  
Tinctura ib.  
Essentia Formic. Page. 333    
Cantharidum. 

Essentia Page. 338      

Chemical Characters Notes of Metals 


Saturn Lead ♄  
Jupiter ♃  
Mars Jron ●●  
Sol, Gold ☉  
Venus, Coper ♀  
Mercury Quick silver ☿  
Luna Silver ☽ ☾     
Notes of the 12 Signs of the Heavens 


Aries ♈  
Taurus ♉  
Gemini ♊ ♊  
Cancer ♋  
Leo ♌  
Virgo ♍  
Scorpio ♏  
Sagitari ♐  
Libra ♎  
Aquary ♒  
Capricorn ♑  
Pisus ♓     
Notes of the & Elements 


Fire 🜂  
Air 🜁  
Water 🜄  
Earth 🜃     
Chemical Carat r● 


Day day  
Night 🝯     
Notes of Minerals & other Chemical things 


Antimony antimony  
Arsenic 🜺 arsenic  
Auripigmentum: 🜽 🜽  
Alum alum  
Aurichalcum  
Amalgama aaa  
Aqua Vitae  
Aq: Fortis 🜅 🜅  
Aq: Regis 🜆  
Borax  
Balneum Marice  
Balneun: Vaporis  
Brick  
Black Sulphur  
Blue Vitriol vitriol  
Crocus Martis  
Crocus Veneris arsenic  
Cinaber 🜓 🜭 ʒ  
Caput Mortuum: 💀 💀  
Common Salt 🜔  
Crystal  
Coagulate  
Crucibl  
Cerus     
Chemical Characters. 


Distilled Vinegar 🜋 🜋  
Distil  
Flowers of Antimo ny.  
Flowers of Tiles  
Filing of Steel  
Gravelled or Pottashes 🝘  
Gumm  
Glass glass  
Lime  
Light; or day day day  
Litharge  
Lutum: Sapientum:  
Mercuri of Saturn  
Marcasite  
Niter 🜕  
Night 🝯  
Oil ⦾ 🝆:  
Orpiment :  
Powder of Bricks  
Philosopher's Sulp:  
Quintessence  
Quick Lime 🝁  
Realgar :  
Retort  
Sublimat Mercur:  
Sand  
Stratu Super Stratu:  
Salgem 🜘:  
Sal Armoniac 🜹     
Chemical Characters. 


Salt of Cali :  
Sulphur 🜍:  
Sulph: Philosoph:  
Sp t: of wine  
Spirit : Sparke:  
Sulphu: Vivu: 🜍v  
Soap  
To Purify 🝣  
Tartar 🜿:  
Tutia  
Talk talc  
To Calcine  
To Digest  
To fix  
To Sublime 🝞  
To Precipitate 🝟: 🝣  
Verdigrease verdigris  
Vitriol : 🜖  
Urinal 🝕  
Vinegar 🜊  
Wax 🝊  
Wine  
Whit Vitriol  
Wheel Fire     
Chemical 


Alembeck 🝪  
Ashes 🝗  
A Covered Polt  
Cement  
Ink  
Month  
Powder  
Heart's horn  
Hour  
Bez Mineral ♌  
Limbeck 🝪     
Medicinal 


Lib: apound Lib.  
an ounce ℥  
a Drachm ʒ.  
a Scruple ℈.  
agraine gr.     
Characters 


Soap weed  
To Lute  
Pott ashes 🝘  
To Filtrate ʒ  
To Purify  
Magnet 🝣  
Mercur Proeup:  
Sp t: of Harts-ho rn  
Bole Armo  
Tincture     
Characters 


a hand full ♏:  
a Pugil P:  
a half Quantity ss.  
apart lordship  
Number Nᵒ::  
of Each aa,      




The Explanation of the Figures.  
A The great Furnace, in which the Flower of Brimstone is Sublimed in great quantity. 

1 The Fire-Place.  
2 The Ash-Hole.  
3 The Door into the Body of the Furnace, by which the Flowers are taken out.    
B The little Furnace in which Flower of Sulphur is Sublimed in small quantity. 

4 The Head, made of Earth or Iron.  
5 5 The two Ballons, or Receivers.  
6 The Vessel which contains the Sulphur in the Furnace.  
7 The plain Bell-Glass.  
8 The Bell with a Verge and Beak.  
9 The Receiver to the plain Bell.  
10 The Receiver to the verged Bell.    
C The second Plate of Subliming Furnaces. 

1 The Head of the Aludels.  
2 2 2 The three Aludels.  
3 The Body, in which the Matter that is to be Sublimed, is projected into.  
4 The Body of the Furnace.  
5 5 The Covers of the Top of the other Subliming Furnace.  
6 The Body of the other Subliming Furnace.  
7 7 The aludels, to which more Receivers may be adapted.  
8 8 8 8 The Heads of the Vessels wherein the Mercury Sublimate is made in great quantity.  
9 9 9 9 The Subliming Vessels set in the Furnace.  
10 The Body of the Furnace.  
11 The Subliming Vessel out of the Furnace.       two plates  



The Explanation of the Figures.  
1 The Head, of Copper or Pewter.  
2 The Copper-Still.  
3 The Body of the Furnace.  
4 The Tub, or Refrigeratory, which contains the Worm and Water.  
5 The Supporter of the Tub.  
6 A Vessel of Glass or Pewter, called a Spout Receiver.  
7 A Glass Funnel.  
8 A Separating Glass.  
9 Another Separating Glass with a Tap.  
10 A Glass Spout Receiver.  
11 The Body of the Balneum, to fit into the Mouth of the Copper-Still.  
12 The upper Part of the Balneum.  
13 The Head of the Balneum, with its Bucket, or Refrigeratory.     one plate  



The Explanation of the Figures.  
1 The Tower of the Athanor.  
2 The dry Bath of the Athanor.  
3 The moist Bath of the Athanor.  
4 A little Pot to place on the top of the Tower, wherein you may Boil, or Stew any thing at your pleasure.  
5 The Cover of the Tower when the Pot is removed.  
a a The Holes by which you may cleanse the Slew when there is occasion.  
b b The Ovens, wherein you may Bake Puddings, Custards, Apples, etc. in which you may also Hatch Chickens.  
c An Iron Door to slip up and down, as occasion requires, when you would Rost a bit of Meat pull it up.  
The Furnace called an Athanor, was invented to keep a constant Heat for Fourteen Days, a Month, Twelve Months, or more, as some Chemical Operations require, which may be augmented or decreased, by opening or shutting the Registers, as you please, and according to the Magnitude of the Tower, requires no Attendance above once in twenty four, forty eight, or one hundred Hours.  
6 The Neck of the Vessel which contains the Matter you design to Distil, or Sublime.  
7 The Body of the Furnace.  
8 8 The Ballons or Receivers.  
This Furnace is to Distil any Cumbustible Composition of Nitre, Sulphur, Antimony, etc. by Projecting a little at a time into Fig. 6. and presently stopping the Orifice with a fit Stopple.  
9 The lower Part of the Furnace from the Ash-hole, to the upper Part of the Firehole.  
10 The middle Part of the Furnace which contains the Distilling Vessel.  
11 The Dome, or upper Part of the Furnace. 

This is a Portable Furnace, easily removed, in which you may Melt, or Distil in Balneo, Sand, or naked Fire, as you please to order it. The outside of the Furnace may be made of Copper or Iron, and it may be Lined with a Lute, or Firestone.       one plate  



The Explanation of the Figures.  
1 A Reverboratory Furnace, to Distil with twenty long Necks.  
2 A Pelican, or Circulatory.  
4 A Balneum at the end of the digest. Furn.  
5 The Sand Bath of the digesting Furnace.  
6 The Balneum Maris.  
7 A melting Furnace.  
8 A Hook to clear the Grate with.  
9 A Testing Furnace.  
10 A Pair of Tongues.  
11 A small Reverboratory, or an open Furnace, for one Retort.  
12 A Retort.  
13 Iron Rings to cut Glasses withal.  
14 A Cone, or Antimonial Horn.  
15 A Test.  
16 A Test with its Muffle.  
17 A Ladle.  
18 An Ingot.  
19 A Crucible.  
20 A lesle Crucible.  
21 A Pair of Tongues to take a Pot out of the Fire withal.  
22 Two Bolt Heads, or Matrasses, made a Circulating Glass of.  
23 An uncut Body.  
24 A Body and Head.  
25 An Egg, or Oval Matras.  
26 A Cut Body.  
27 A Distilling Head.  
28 A Blind Head.  
29 A balon, or Receiver.  
30 A Matras, with its Head.  
31 A Body, with a double Head.     two plates