SCARBROUGHS Spagyrical Anatomizer dissected.  
OR AN ANSWER To all that Dr. Tonstal hath Objected in his Book against Scarbrough Spa.  
The Innocency and Excellency of that Spa is further asserted  

1. Concerning the Rise and Growth of the Art of Physic,  
2. Touching the Causes of the Petrifying Property that is in some Springs, and more especially that of the Dropping well at Knaresbrough.  
3. About the Signs, Symptoms and Cures of Diseases.   
As also Reflections upon a late Piece, called a Vindication of Hydrologia Chymica.  
By Robert Witty Doctor in Physic.  
London. Printed by B. G. for Nath. Brooke at the An●el in Cornhill and R. Lambert at Minister-Gate in York, Anno Dom. 1672.   

To the Right Honourable JAMES Earl of Suffolk, JOHN Lord Roos, Son and Heir to the Earl of Rutland, and JAMES Lord Annesley, Son and Heir to the Earl of Anglesey.  
My Lords,  
I Am once more engaged to appear again in Public, in defence of Scarbrough Spa, which is now accused to be a dangerous Water; and what fit Judges of this Controversy can be found out then your Lordships, who have tried it, and found it not only most Innocent, but Excellent. My ultimate and highest Appeal is therefore to your Honours, since two of your Lordships do bear its Testimony within you.  
As for you my Lord Annesley, though I cannot say this last of your Lordship, since you did not drink of it out of any necessity, but for company of your Noble Brother the last Summer: yet this I may say, your Lordship had an ill share of it, if it have the faults that some have ascribed to it. And farther, your Acute Judgement and Excellent Learning wherewith you are qualified for the Highest Service of your Prince and Country when called, renders your Lordship a most competent Judge of this Subject, beyond all Imposition. And the Favourable Aspect which then both your Lordships were pleased to Grace this Discourse and its Author withal, do justly challenge this my Thankful and Public Acknowledgement. I humbly beg of all your Lordships the Acceptance of this, in token of the great Service and Honour I own you, for all your Noble Favours vouchsafed to  
York June 3. 1671. My Lords, Your Lordship's most humble Servant R. WITTY.   

To the Reader.  
MEthink I hear some object that my Answer to this Book comes too late, so as I might have spared myself this labour, a return being last Summer made thereto, in a piece called A Vindication of Hydrologia Chymica. To which I reply, Sat cito si bene sat, it is soon enough if it be well enough. This was finished in June last, as some Persons of Honour do know, before that came out, but was thought fit to be suppressed t●ll the year came about, when the Waters here treated of might become the common subject of discourse. And further I shall say, if my Answer be but like that, then have I lost my labour, and thou thy money, for in the judgement of learned men, it will (with that) deserve nothing but to be employed in the most homely uses.  
That Author is scarce satisfied with any thing that this says, save only where he opposes and girds at me. What the one calls the Glebe of Alum, the other calls the Minera of Iron. The one calls the Salt of Alum an Alkali, the other an Acid Salt. The one affirms an Acidity to be in Nitre, the other denies it; nor do their reasons convince each other. Thus it appears they do not well understand the Terms of the Art they profess; and truly when men run careers in the dark, it's no wonder to have them justle. And though they differ, yet its pretty sport to see how they claw one another with the frequent Title of Ingenious Friend, while yet I am not allowed to descent, be my reasons never so cogent, but I am called out of my name by the young man with unscholar-like reproaches, and new invented stories, that have not the least pretence of truth in them.  
The great fault they find in Scarb. Spa, and which they reckon to be its disparagement, is the great quantity of Mineral sediment that remains after evaporation over the fire. I declare I never saw harm come from thence. The only fault I know in that Spring, is that it is placed in an angle of the Kingdom, at so great distance from London, and the midland Counties, where if providence had ordered it, being found to have the virtues both of Epsam and Tunbridge, it would have been more known, and better trusted then now it is.  
Now though like Sampson's f●xes they turn tails of one another, yet they agree in this, to fire their neighbour's Corn, and causelessly to disparage the Spring, revenging their Schism upon themselves by separating from one another, as they do both from the truth. And though Mr. S. can hardly close with Dr. Y. S. arguments against the Spa, yet out of design he supposes somewhat of it may be true, on purpose to make room for himself, and so undertakes to give rules of advice to those that come there; where he says no more than what may sure such subjects in general, but wisely refers the Patients to advise with those that understand their cases better. At last he proves most ingenious, and calls it a noble Spa, wherewith he would improve other Spaws, even that at Knaresbrough, (p. 152.) by dissolving the Salts of Scarbrough water to make it more effectual. Why could not he say so before?— but however Nunquam sera est, etc. And 'tis honestly said, let the minerals be wh●t and how many they will: of which more anon. My reply is this in a word; Quod efficit tale, illud est magis tale.  
But I may not pass that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of mine, the Author of the Vindication of Hydrol. Chymica, and his Book without a further survey. That Hydrol. Chymic. is little else then a Rhapsody of Railing first against me, about my Book of the Spa, and then against the Galenists and their Method. To that Book I gave Answer, justifying what I had writ about the Principles of the Spa, and at last after a great deal o●bad language that he had given me for assisting them, I found him recanting in his Epilogue, and confessing them all. I also maintained the Honour and Reputation of those worthy Gentlemen the Galenisis, and their method of Physic, (who deserve a better Champion) both from Reason, and also the Authority of the most eminent among the Chemists, who all go that way. Nor has that Discourse been unwelcome to the Nation, but I have had thanks from many private Gentlemen, both of our own Faculty and others, yea and from some public Societies of Learned men. Now when I had so fully discovered his errors to him, an ingenious man would rather have repent and cried peccavi, then writ a vindication: what faults he made there, he has aggravated in this with more gross circumstances.  
He charges my quotations of Authors to be impertinent, or their sense to be perverted, o● their words falsely translated.— This I expected he would say, if any thing, for he has front enough to deny the conclusion, where he cannot stand against the premises. The truth is, I was very careful in my collections of Authority, fetching every thing from the fountains and not from the streams, even from the original Authors themselves, whose very pages in things most material I usually cited, on purpose to stop his clamour. Nor have I designedly wrested in any one place the sense of any one Author. Nor have I falsely translated a word, or added a tittle more than what was necessary to preserve the idiom of each language, or make the sense intelligible to common Readers. I appeal to the Learned who have read my Book, who are most competent Judges betwixt us.  
Nor is it material what he objects to the contrary (p. 41.) where I citing a place out of Paracelsus concerning Minerals and Metals imbibed in water, he says I added by a Parenthesis (dissolved in water) I therefore did put them into a Parenthesis, because they are not expressed in the Latin among those words, but they are so necessarily implied, as the Author's sense would be lost if I had not expressed them; and the following words do plainly make it out, viz. Haecenim aqua sunt, etc. (lib. 4. cap. 1. de crescentibus Aquis p. 271.  
So again in the same page where I cite Paracelsus speaking of vitriol, (id si in Aquam resolva●ur colorem omnem deponit) he quarrels at the translation of the word (in) which should be (into) and imposes severely upon me for it— Whether it was omitted in my Copy or by the Printer, it matters nor among Men of Reason, since there can be nothing gained by it: but certainly it's not so pedantic as puerile, and argues a desperate shipwreck of his Cause, while he has no better Ancher-hold to stick by, than the defect of an insignificant Particle.  
He tells a story in his Preface, which for fureness of memory he repeats again in his Book, that in a debate about the Existence of Vitriol in the Spa, I was put to such a straight to defend it, that after some passion of fear, aiscovered by a sudden paleness in my face, I had no other refuge but to fly to the ipse dixit of Dr. Tonstal, and said he told me it was Vitriol last year. Will any man of reason believe that he whom I so lately lashed about in my Book, and that among others about this very thing, and catched him in nineteen contradictions, besides other absurdities, should on the sudden become so formidable to me, while yet he urged nothing but what I had answered in my Book? And yet hence he endeavours to persuade, that I had published nothing concerning that Mineral, but what I had borrowed from Dr. T. Concerning that debate I could say something from the testimony of the Gentlemen then present, of their disrelish of his arguments and behaviour, insomuch as some of them hissed at him. But I shall only offer this at present, that I have been acquainted with that Spa above thirty years, and am known to many to have always asserted Vitriol, upon the Reasons mentioned in my Books. And in Anno 1660. my first Edition of Scarb. Spa came out, with my reasons for that mineral among the rest, which is now eleven years. Now Dr. Tonstal I think never saw this Spring till the year 1668. when he came to me, and confessed himself a stranger to it, ask my advice about his Wife; then did I convince him of all the minerals in the Spring, so as he was satisfied abundantly at that time, which gave me occasion to mention his name in my Answer to Hyd. Chym. p. 107. So as in that debate I asked him the question, what say you to this, in Anno 1669. But then his mind was changed, and the Vitriol was become Nitre, querying also whether the Spa were better if it had Vitriol or no; which I told him was a new subject, and required longer debate. Now what ground there is for this his charge, that my appeal should be to him, as having that notion from him, let any man of reason judge, and thereby take measure of the temper of this man, and consequently of his cause which needs such supports. I am certain I shall find Dr. Tonstal just towards me in this point, if any man shall inquire of him.  
But he forges another figment arising from my fear of him about the Vitriol, when the Chemical Apothecary taking a piece of Alome-stone out of the vitrioline bed that is in the cliff, and putting it into water with gall, found it strike a black tincture, inferring thence that the Tincture in the Water was from the Alum, and that there was no Vitriol. I answered, so would the earth in that place give a tincture, but neither earth nor the 100 loads of Alum that are in that cliff elsewhere would do it; here they clamoured extremely, but upon that he says, that I was so touched to the quick, that I called the Apothecary aside, and said, if Mr. Simpson would lay down the cudgéls, I would not only look upon him as a Brother, but also when occasion should offer, would sooner take him into consultation then any other.— Really such a thing was never in my heart, nor did I in my judgement think him equal with the meanest of all the Brethren of our Faculty in these parts, as to the practical part of Physic, though by this Artifice I guess his design is to levelly them all. But the ground of the story is this.  
This Apothecary after my Book in Answer to Mr. S. was come out, came to me at Scarbrough, and told me he had read my Book, etc. and had made that Errand to me to Endeavor a Reconciliation betwixt us, desiring earnestly, that we might be in Charity, and join hand in hand, as there should be occasion.— I told him I had said what I intended, and my Vitriol and Gall were spent in those lines, and if he were so satisfied, and did desire it, I could embrace him in all Christian Charity even as a Brother (following that rule of our Saviour Mat. 18.22. and farther that I would not refuse to join with him, if we were consulted together, as with any other. Thus I thought myself on that occasion obliged to say, and repeat as often as he urged the motion: But to wrest that my readiness to comply in a Christian duty into a Pusillanimos dast ardy is both unchristian and unreasonable.  
Are not these dangerous men that I have to deal withal, from whom a man shall find nothing short of the lie cast in his face? I say again, there is no plainer sign of a desperate Cause, then when men seek out such a refuge.  
But he says I supplied my defect of Arguments with Taunts and Scoffs at him.— As for my Arguments, he is not fit to be a Judge of them; they lie at the mercy of the judicious Reader to whom I submit all, for I am as little apt to defend my own defects, as to search our those of others.— I must confess I did think slightly of that Adversary, from whom I had received such rude language without a cause, and therefore I thought fit to go merrily on with him, both for my own recreation and the Readers, having a mind as 'tis said of the Poets, aut prodesse aut delectare, as the motter did lead me. Not have I spoken to any man's disadvantage out of the least design or animosity, and therefore though possibly I need the Readers pardon, yet I expect ●one from him. But if my Passions went hand in hand with the interest of Truth which I design to maintain and stand by, I hope that will plead for me, and procure me a pardon from all that are ingenuous, and profess themselves Lovers of Truth.  
There are many more ridiculous girds against me in that Book called Vindication, etc. not worthy to be mentioned, which the wise Reader will discern to be sufficiently scurrilous.  
But to proceed. What have we in that Book, to Vindicate his abuse and contempt of Galen, Hypocrates, Dioscorides, and all the Learned Princes in Physic, and our Modern Writers too, with their method, which I have defended, (p. 205.) against his manifold Calumnies? But what aggravates his crime, he persists in the same, and after reproof, yet hardens his heart; unless we shall believe that Catiline's latter Conspiracy were sufficient to vindicate his former; or that Crimes are justified by Majoration.  
How does he Vindicate himself from that shameful guilt of deriding those of our Faculty that travail beyond Sea to study in Foreign Universities, and his Scurrilous gibing at those Learned Professors about their Readins to the young Students, whom he severely taxes with ignorance at their return. (p. 206.) What does he say for himself, in that he trampled upon the Universities, and all the Arts, calling it a trifling of time at the Universities, (p 107. in the frothy Studies of Logic, Ethics, Physics, and metaphysics? for all which things I have chastised him in my Answer; but it appears, not enough.  
Had these things been known in that neighbour University beyond Sea, where, after a Fortnight's so journing, and a private Examination like that of Schoolboyes when they are admitted Freshmen into our Colleges, he was dubbed with a degree Sub Camino, to wit, under the Chimney, as I heard himself confess to a Learned Scotchman, Mr. Richard Douglas, who was well acquainted with the Customs of that University: So called Sub Camino, on purpose to distinguish it from that degree of Honour which is taken publicly in the Schools, and which the Schools of that nation scorn to take, but is conferred only on Gentlemen or Noble men's Servants who have a mind to see the Ceremonies; and signifies no more, then if one of our Professors should jocularly make a Doctor in his Chamber, to gratify some Friends in showing them the Ceremonies of that degree, and ought not to set as a Title in a Book. I say had these things been known, we had not heard of this Leaden Title, the publication whereof gave occasion to the setting out of this impertinent Piece; nor is it to be accounted any increase of his Reputation to have added this to his Bachelors of Arts degree. I mention this on purpose to give a caution to the Heads of our Universities, that when they admit Gentlemen ad eundem gradum, they may distinguish betwixt that degree taken in the Schools, and that sub Camino, since they have not any degree of that metal.  
I hope no man that has a value for Learning will misinterpret this digression, which is designed merely to preserve the Honour of School-Degrees, which is one main spur to the study of the Arts.  
But I may not pretermit his vainglorious challenge he sends me, to take an equal number of Patients with me of them that come to the Spa, and which of us should make the best and speediest Cure should wear the Bays.— Ay, this is that he would fain be at, to try Experiments on men's Bodies, which he proposed before in his Hydrol. Chym. and for which I did a little school him, p. 262. of my Answer. But assuredly his tools he works withal are so well known, even by his own description of them in that Book, that no wise man is willing to try their temper. But where is Modesty all this while? surely that Virtue has left the Earth, or Young Men whom it would well become, having put on Impudence instead thereof, being past both Counsel and Correction, hereby verifying that old Adage, Qui semel Modestiae limites transiliit, nisi cito castigetur, gnaviter evadet impudens.  
Concerning Cures I have done at the Spa, I have writ at large in my first Book, and modestly too, and have further occasion to mention more in this, and could be much more copious if it were needful, having been sufficiently tried in that particular; and if he be not satisfied, he may further inquire, and then make report. Ahab King of Israel has left a good Rule, Let not him that puts on his Armour boast like him that puts it off. 1 Kings 20.11.  
I remember I once cured a mad man at Scarb. with the help of the Water, and some other things that I added, who being very poor, was sent to me above fifty miles, at the Parishes charge where he had lived. If such an one should come, perhaps he might be content to be managed by him, but I suspect scarce any man short of him (except his Relations) will make such a choice.  
But I hasten. This Book called A Vindication, etc. is like a Beggar's cloak made up of many patches, (as his manner of writing is) that have no dependency on one another, but are here drawn in together to make a medley.  
He tells a long story about the making of Alum at Whitby. Concerning which Captain Francis Cummin who is the manager of those works, did of his ow● accord, and without ask tell me, there is not any thing of truth 〈◊〉 it, and Mr. John Thomlinson who ●●ves also in Whitby, and is the Alum Merchant, asserts the same.  
Next he has his supplements to the Sweet Spa and Sulphur well at Knares●rough: A large disquisition that seems; for just nothing but to keep him impertinently busy, and set his wits a working. But I am loath to interrupt him in that enquiry, since 'tis to be doubted, if he had not that to do, he would do worse.  
Then he gives an Answer to certain Queries ingeniously propounded by Dr. Foot, concerning the cause of the sudden loss of the virtues of Mineral Waters, mentioned in Numb. 52. of the Philos. Transact. p. 1050. in reference to the Enlarged Account of my Book, the Learned Publisher thereof was pleased to give (Num. 51.) Dr. Foot's main Query is, Wither all those sorts of waters being close stopped, or carried to some distance, do not let fall a yellowship sediment, or Ochre, and so become effete in their virtues, or lose their purging property. He answers in the affirmative, p. 122. and that in reference to Scarb. Spa, which he pretends to make out by Experiments. I answered negatively, as may appear in Numb. 60. of the Phil. Trans. p. 1079. and therein I appeal to all those hundreds of Witnesses who have drunk Scarb. Water at distance, Whether they do not find a yellow sediment in the bottom of their vessels, and yet the water continues purgative. And to make sure work, he repeats the same again (p. 126.) in Answer to the eighth Query. But thus the Reader may plainly discern what measure of Knowledge this Man has in Scarbrough Spa, while he understands not this main point wherein Scarbrough Water differs from others of this Nation. And then what cause there was for all the heat and rude language that he has given me about that subject.  
There again (p. 127.) he severely ●●cuses me to have said these words, 〈◊〉. That Scarb. Waters lose all their ●●rtue, yea and their quantity and bulk also, though in glasses and under the Her mitick Seals, if removed from the Fountain. Let him find those words, or that sense either, and I'll be his Bond man. If any man has mistaken me, it is not my fault. In pag. 100 of my Answer, to which that seems to refer, I admit of an alteration by carriage through the loss of the volatile parts or spirits; but I do not therefore say, they lose all their virtue, for they purge still, only I think they open not obstructions so well, nor are so pleasant to the palate. I tell indeed that Frambesarius and Heers do affirm, that the Germane Waters carried at distance, though closely sealed up in Bottles, lose something of their bulk and quantity; but I did not affirm that of Scarbrough, only infered that my assertion touching the loss of the volatile Spirits was no Paradox, while those other are lessened even in their quantity. But he has accustomed me to bear such charges, and therefore I am the better provided to undergo them.  
Then he tells how he Anatomised the Germane Spa in Amsterdam, where probably he is opinionated that he has made some great discovery: and lastly he concludes with his Observations on the Dissection of a woman who died of the Jaundice, when he wonders at every thing that he Saw, as Ston●s in the Gaul, Schirrus on the Heart, and so he might well, for I believe it was the first; (though I do not charge him for that, since he is willing to learn, notwithstanding in his other Book I found him spurning at Anatomy.) So he tells us of the under part of the Left Lobe of the Liver, but he forgot to say that it was done with a left handed Knife.  
But he tells us he saw something more, and that was, another woman Dissected there that died of a Syncope, I suppose so will he; Although he says it's more than Probable that she died o● some other disease.— It seems something there was that made the old w●●● die. But the Schirrus tumour 〈◊〉 or the Heart sticks on his Stomach, ai●● he cannot digest it, for he tells of●●●, of lies again, yet so confusedly, as its hard to judge whether he means that Heart did belong to the latter or the form woman. But it may be he was in hafted and so am I to have done with h●m● At last he tells how the cause of that Jaundice was variously disputed, b●●● he says in such a portion of language as will make any man laugh, be ●e never so grave.  
The truth is his whole Book is nothing else then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a clattering of fond words. Or if you● please like the shearing of a Swi●●● where there is a great Cry, but lit●●● Wool. What do his multitudes of Experiments signify, werein he so much prides himself? just nothing if they were true and would certainly fall out. I think never any man loved more to hear himself talk, and what he fancies must be presently published, be it true or false, real or imaginary; and like a Child he will have every one to know that he has a Rattle.  
I have but one word in reference to this other Author D.T. and then I have done. He has more severely disparaged the Spa than the other, but he producesno testimony but from his own experience, which in Reason cannot be judged Authentic enough, especially when I come to examine it. I have Right Honourable, Right Worshipful, Reverend, and Well-beloved on my side to witness with me; if ever he shall let fly again to accuse the Water of any Faults, it is but reasonable that he should name his Witnesses and their Qualities or Reputation; for his own Magisterial Affirmation will not be deemed sufficient.  
And if either of these two Gentlemen shall yet further abound in their own sense, and rejoin, it shall be a very great povocati on that shall make me reply having said enough upon this Subject, and perhaps as much as it can well bear, unless I shall be hurried unto Tautalogies, which I love not, though probably some body else may give Answer. And indeed it seems to me to be very reasonable at length to put an end to Disputing. Ne nimium alter cando veritas amittatur, as Macrobius says. Besides that I am weary of the interruption of my other Practical Studies. Farewell.  
York. June 3. 1671.   

AN ANSWER To all that D. TONST ALL Has Writ, or shall hereafter Writ, Against SCARBROUGH SPA.  
PLutarch reports of Themistocles, that while he was young he was often wont to say, that he had not yet done any thing Notable, for as much as he had not contracted Envy, nor met with any Opposition: I am not conceited of any thing that I have done, (so for a I know my own Heart) but yet if I may take alm a Posteriori, from the Envy and Opposition that I have met with about writing upon the Subject of the Spa at Scarbrough, it will appear there is somewhat in't, more than at first I thought on. I am sure of one thing, I have discovered a very Notable Wa●●r, and therein with all fidelity have endeavoured to serve my Country. If I erred in the manner of doing, 'twas much against my will, yet I have heard on't to the purpose.  
At the first, a Confederacy threw dirt in my Face, which I hope I have washed off in a good measure; Now comes Doctor Tonstall, and he throws dirt in the Spa, but it being a Quick-spring, 'twill in time work it our, though I should be silent, as indeed at the first coming out of his P●ece (entitled, Scarbrough Spa Spagyrically anatomised) I had thought to have done, and so to have contented myself with the ingenious Answer, of one to a like piece Vidi & Risi, since the weakness of his Arguments, and meanness of his design as: obvious to every Reader. Yet being done by a Brother of the faculty, and such an One as of whom I had before given an Honourable Testimony, (though he has now changed his mind) and observing that some few if facile Tempers, or weaker Judgements were a little startled at somewhat that he has objected against the Spa, I judged it necessary to convince my Brother of his Error, and to cleanse the Spa of the dirt he has left in it, wherein though my work is like that of Hercules, when he cleansed the Augean Stable, yet my Labour is nothing like his, for I shall wind up all in a few sheets.  
He says in his Preface, he would have what he has written to serve as an Appendix to my Latin Copy, which I have promised on the Spa, and he would clothe it in like Fashion. 
Dr. Tonstalt singles out the Author by name. — Thus he has called me out to a public encounter with him, without any previous Provocation given on my side.— I hope he will so do as here he says, when he shall be desired, and there is need; in the mean time I shall say with Africa●us, Non amo nimium diligentes.— He has seen somewhat of what I have done in that point, and here we have such an Essay of his Art, that he must give me some time to demur, before I call for his help.  
He professes himself to be my Friend, and therefore I'll treat him accordingly, and in point of Friendship will mildly endeavour to clear up his Eyesight, that he may discern what is Truth, and so set him right in his way.  
He says he walks uniformly betwixt my Library and Master Sympson Laboratory, otherwise he should suspect himself for a lame Physician.— I am glad my Friend is so well fitted for his Employment; he is an Ambidexter, & in utrumque paratus: a Janus that looks both ways, Quem nulla ciconia pinsit. He has a two-edged Sword, with which he cuts down Diseases, a Library, and a Laboratory. Hypocrates and Helmont (he says) are the two great Lights that rule in his Hemisphere.— No marvel then if he sees more than the most of his B e brens, (vide p. 14. and 42.) where he applauds himself and taxes them, and more into Scarbrough Spa in two Summers, than I in thirty: Let no man henceforth suspect him for a same Physician.  

Galen is slieghted by Doctor Tonstall.  Only Galen he is not taken withal, whose Method he'll allow to be no further Rational, then as he writes after the old man his Master's Copy; he dares not further speak for him.— Poor Galen! I have had to do with Mr. S. and now with Doctor T. an angry Adversary, and a— Friend, and I find that neither of them are reconciled to him. How severely is he censured by some men now a days! I am sure it was not always so! Methinks none should take upon them to judge so great a Prince in Physic, but such a● know they can do better. If my Friend dares not speak for him, but he must want so good an Advocate. Well! Let both their works stand forth in open Court to plead for their respective Authors, and then let the learned give judgement according to their merits.  
Here I crave the Readers patience a while, till I make a short digression, and tell the world what Galens parts and works have been, and what he has done in the Art of Physic, by which it will appear what real ground there is for his Name ●o be so trampled on, and his Authority and Labour so slightly esteemed, as he is by many in this our Age.  

The first rise of Physic.  After the Art of Physic was found out, which is attributed by ancient Writers to Apollo, as the first Inventor, and imported to his Son Aesculapius, who polished it much from its rude Notions; He trained up his two Sons Podalirius and Machaon in the same Art: The former addicted himself to the study of inward Remedies, and the latter to outward Applications; concerning whom Homer gives his Testmony, as also Suidas.  
These kept it as a Secret in their Family for many Generations, till at leng h H●ppocrates, who was the eighteenth from Aesculapius, po● shed it still further, and having it seems a generous pub ick Spirit, drew it into a form o● method, and exposed it to the world; Having not only the helps of his Ancestors, and their Experiments, ●ut the opportunity of transcribing ●he Records which he found in the Temple at Coos dedicated to Aescula●ius, where the Priests ex Officio were bound to take an Account of all Persons that had been recovered out of any Sickness, and to transcribe both the Symptoms of their Diseases, and the Remedies by which they were cured. And this was the Custom in Egypt also; yea, and in Arabia and Persia to this day, as I have several times heard Sir Thomas Herbert tell, where (he says) the sick people are brought into the Marketplace, that any passenger may inquire of their case, to whom they usually give an account, and in case any man do know a Remedy for such a Malady, he is bound by his Religion to minister help, and being found healing it is recorded by the Priests.  
Hypocrates being learned to a Prodigy, and thus furnished with extraordinary help, and living to a great Age, (to wit) a hundred and nine years (as S●ranus reports) adorned this Art with many grave Sentences, and authentic Aphorisms relating to the several parts of Physic, and from his own large Experience has left many excellent Medicines, and a Method which we find of singular use to this day, now after 2000 years, and so probably must continue to the end of the World.  

Several Sects in Physic.  H●s Writings gave an opportunity to others to step in to the Study of the Art, among whom were Diosles Caristius and Petron, than Praxagoras and Chrysippus, than Herophilus and Erasistratus, all these proceeded in divers methods, and so fell into Factions. Also Menecrates, whose pride was such that he called himself Jupiter, and wore a golden Crown. He would never undertake a Patient, unless he would oblige himself under his hand-writing to be his Servant and Attendant when ever he should call; so as he was went to lead about whole Troops of Patients, as so many Trophies of his Cures, all whom he called by the names of the Gods, as Athenaeus and Hegesander make mention.  
After these started up Serapion, Apollonius, Glaucias and Heraclius Tarentinus, with several others who called themselves Empirics, and so made a new Sect.  
Then followed Asc●epiades and Themison, who instituted another Sect called Methodists. After those Cornelius Celsus stepped into the Profession at Rome, being the most Learned of all the Latin Paysicians: He lived in the time of our Saviour, and was commonly stilled Latine-Hippocrates, and well does he deserve to be accounted one of the Princes in Physic, as he is ranked by the Learned. After him was Archigenes of whom Juvenal does several times make Honourable mention, who lived in the Reign of Adrion.  

The decay of Physic.  To be short, than came up Thessalies the most proud and malapert Fellow that ever was in the world, who as Pliny saith (lil. 2●. Nat. H●st. cap. 1.) madly raved against all the most excellent Physicians that had been before him, contemn ig them all, even Hypocrates himself, accusing them of gross ignorance, while he boasted egregiously of himself and his method, as in his Letter to Nero may appear cited by Galen (lib. 1. Meth. cap. 11.) although yet he knew nothing of solid Learning, or the Art of Physic, but depraved it with an unwholesome Method, and a number of unsound medicines.— Were I a Pythagorean, and did believe a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, I should think his Soul had been several times since translated into another Body.  
Thus was this Noble Art lacerated and torn by various Factions, the perverse humours of some disquieting the peace of others, the wholesome received Principles razed, and the Practice differing in every Country, while yet every Quack magnified his own way, and men's lives were most in jeopardy in the hands of them who pretended most to preserve them.  

It's reparation by Galen.  In the midst of this decay steps up Ga●en, (vid.) in the second Century from the Nativity of our Saviour, and 600. years after Hypocrates. He was certainly the most Learned of his Age in all the parts of useful Learning, as his voluminous Writings do sufficiently make out, but especially in Physic, even to a Prodigy; which Art being left imperfect by Hypocrates, and not fully elaborated as Himself confesses in his Let●er to Democritus, where (he says) that though he had now lived to be old, yet neither He, nor yet Aesculapius, nor any that he had met with, had attained to any considerable height in the Profession, but must leave it imperfect: But Galen undertook this task, and has brought it to such a perfection, as no Art besides in the World can pretend to, and thus not only in the judgement of the Ancient Princes in Physic, who followed him, 
Galen in high esteem among the Ancients.  as Paulus, Aetius, Oribasius, etc. who have transcribed most choice Sentences, and long discourses out of him word for word, as not being able, or not needing to add to him, but also in the Suffrage of our best Modern Writers. What was obscure in Hypocrates he has cleared up, he has distinguished of things that differed, and supplied what was defective. Not that I would make him to be infallible or that nothing has been added since, or yet may not be, but that certainly he was the greatest Benefactor to, and Polisher of Medicine, that ever was in the world. He had indeed Hirpocrates his Foundation to build upon, but assuredly thereupon he raised a most admirable structure,  
He encountered the several Sects I mentioned, discovered plainly their impostures, their ragged Methods and unwholesome Medicines, and enriched the Art with excellent Tractats upon every part of Physic, and innumerable rare Remedies, which retain his Name to this day: And hereto he was enabled not only by the help of the ol● man his Master, (as our Author calls him) but also by his own prodigious parts, length of time that was betwixt them, and his own large Experience through age, for he lived till he was an hundred and forty years old, and therefore probably he might be trusted, though he should in some things d●ffer from his Master's Copy.  
While he lived he was esteemed the prime Star of the first magnitude in his Obbe, and of singular account with the Emperor Antoninus, and the many Volumes he has left behind him, have begot him a Reputation, which Envy can never blast among such as are Learned. This made Fuchsius cry Non dubium est quin à Deo excitatus, 
As also among the Neotericks  etc. to wit, no doubt but he was raised up by God to repair the Art of Physic, which was extremely shattered in these times (lib. 1. instit. med.) And Valleriola says of him, Quem Heroa potiù ac daemonem, quàm Hominem appellare suo sanè merito possumus; he knows not whether he should not call him some Celestial Hero, or Angel, rather than a Man, such was his merit in his esteem (Loc. come. lib. 1.) To these I'll add but one more, which I find in Eusebius his Ecclesiastical History (lib. 5. cap. ult.) who tells that he was worshipped (such was their Opinion of him) by some of the Heathens as a God. He was indeed no Christian; though I read, that hearing of the miracles that were done in those Primitive times, by the followers of the Apostles of our Saviour, in the curing of diseases by a word. He fell into Admiration, and made a Voyage towards. Judaea to know the certainty of it by his own view, but as God would have it died by the way.  
Thus far I thought fit to digress on this occasion, that I might give some account to the world of this great Prince in Physic, Galen, and to make it out that he was no Trifle, as some would render him, but that his Name was, and is yet in Reputation among such as understand him well. I now proceed.  
Dr. Tonstall says, he hopes it will appear, that in this Tract he has been very candid towards me, and said nothing ad Personam, but ad Rem.— 'Twere well if I could find it so; I think no man that has read his Book is of that mind; but seeing he pretends it, I shall willingly leap over a great many of those Reflections ad Personam, (besides what has been told me by Persons of known integrity of his liberty of Speech) and only examine such as are ad Rem, if any be so, wherein I'll use as much Candour as the Nature of my task can admit.  
He says, he has not concerned himself in a word which I have said in my two Books, but only what was necessary se Defendendo.— Really I wonder at this Expression! Who ever offended him, that he should stand up in his own defence? Is not he the Assailant and Aggressor? What was there in my Books that concerned him? Indeed I mentioned his Name p. 107. of my Answer to Hydrol. Chimica with some sincere respect, wherein he has made it appear that I was mistaken, and therefore I'll henceforth resume since he has recanted.  
He boasts of his Mechanical Demonstration, whereby he makes cut the Material Principles of the Spa, and presents them to our Senses; and says, that my failure was, that I left off where I should have begun.— To this I say, I have ever observed the greatest Censors either produce nothing of their own, or what is more ridiculous than any thing they reprehend. Much of ill Nature, and a very little Judgement, go a great way in finding the mistakes of Writers, especially when a design is at the bottom.  

Dr T disingenuous towards the Author  He says, after I had observed what was most conspicuous about the Spa, and found that the Gall tinctured the Water of a dark purple colour, I contented myself with fair probabilities for asserting the five Principles.— So again (p. 19) he citys a passage out of my Book, where I say the Principles cannot be separated further than I had expressed,— he adds of his own— Namely by putting gall to the Water, etc. and then he Comments upon this Assertion in both places with reference both to myself and others, to whom he undertakes (though impertinently enough) to read a Lectu●e of Anatomy and Experimental Philosophy, and tells of things that no man ever doubted of, or in the least opposed that understands any thing in Physic, but teaches us that the separation of the Principles should have been made by fire.— Thus he would gladly make the world believe, especially those that have not met with my Books, that all that I have said to make out the five Principles was but this, that the Water is tinctured black by the addition of Gall. But I would ask him if this be the ●●ndness of a Friend (as he professes himself to be) to ci●e thus, and to leave out the rest of my Arguments of demonstration, whereby I made them out.  
This indeed I mention (p. 9 of my first Book) as a T●ken of Vitriol, to which there I added the acid taste and inky smell (2ly.) to prove A ume, I mention its cur●l●ng of Milk, and the bubbling noise it makes when it's boiled near the bottom, which I made out to be a peculiar property of Alum, from the testimony of good Naturalists. (3ly.) To prove Iron, I mention the black sediment that falls to the bottom of the vessel after Gall is put into it, which calc●nes red being near of kin to Vitriol, which therefore (p. 10.) I called Ferrum Vitriolatum or Vitriolum ferrugineum; besides the use I made of it inwardly, wherein I find it to perform the same intentions with Iron or Steel, and that it tinges the Excrements black, as all our preparations of Iron do; together with the yellow Sediment which falls to the bottom of the vessel, when it is carried at distance, being much like unto Crocus Martis, as I expressed it (p. 11.) and he himself calls it so (p. 57) when he observed it in the spout of Knaresbr. Spa. (4ly.) To prove Nitre, I tell of its shooting into Stiriae or Ice-sickles, which is the peculiar property of Nitre. (5ly.) I say what Salt it has, it takes from the Sea, although I declared it to have but very little Salt in it.  
Then again I demonstrate these from their Adjuncts, that there is a great probability that these are the Minerals that are in it. 1. From the veins of Nitre, which appear in the cliff like hoar-frost or snow, and eminently within a few yards of the Well. (2ly.) From the many stones of Iron that are in the Cliff, besides the Earth that turns to an Ironstone, and melts in the Smith's Forge like Metal. (3ly.) The abundance of Alume-stone that is in all that Cliff. (4ly.) The plentiful imbibition of so many Minerals, which is promoted by the Acidity of the Vi●ri●●; as also the Vitrioline juice which is yellow of colour, that sweats out of the Cliff about 110 paces from the Spring, which he himself two years ago, when he had no design to carry on, acknowledged to be no other than Vitriol, which gave me occasion to mention him and his consent therein, p. 107. of my latter Book. (5ly.) The propinquity of the Sea gives ground to many wise men to think it may have Salt. Besides much more that I have said in my latter Book to prove them all against that my fierce Adversary while he denied them. and as last was forced to confess them.  

The Authors letter to the Royal Society.  Now while I have in terminis expressed all these Experimental Proofs of the five Principles, and exposed them all not only to wise men's Reason, but also to the view of many Persons of Quality, and particularly to those Honourable Lords and Gentlemen of the Royal Society the last year, to whom I presented by that eminently Learned and obliging Gentleman Henry Oldenburg, Esq. seven or eight sorts of Extracts and Spirits, which I took out of this Spaw-water, which those Noble Worthies were pleased to receive with som● satisfaction; a full ●escription of which Extracts, etc. the Reader may find in number 60 of the Philosophical Trans●ctions, with my Letter at large: I say, while I have thus fully and plainly made them out, it was not candidly done of him to mention that of tinging with Gall, and to leave out the rest, on purpose to render me ridiculous. But thus he deals with me as Hanun● did with K●ng David's M●ssengers, 2 Sam 10.4. of whom the T●xt saith, that he shaved off the half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle even to their Buttocks, and sent them away on purpose to make them ashamed.— But this did so exceedingly disoblige K●ng D●vid, that it became an occasion of breaking that bond of Friendship that had been between them.  
I was indeed short in my first Book, while I discoursed of the●● five M●neral Principles, because I designed brevity, yet t●u● much was said to make them ou●. And being called into question by M●. S. for this very thin, I refer to the Learned, whether in my Reply to him, I have not stood m● g●o●nd. But this also our Author had a m●nd to overlook, boasting of his own Mechanical demonstration, as if I had offered nothing of Experiment to prove them.  
A●d whereas he says (p. 20.) that fire was the proper Instrument to effect the separation of the Minerals— a m●ng thereby to make the world believe I had only taken notice of the ting with Gall, and never tried it by fire: and hence he says (p. 34.) that if Light had been brought in by the hand of a Chemist— strange things had been discovered.— I am certain of this, that the hands of some that call themselves Chemists have brought more Heat than Light into our Faculty. But thus it seems, let but some men assume this title of a Chemist, and they take upon them boldly to say what they list, as if thereby they had got a Patent for freedom of Language.  
Did not I mention a Body of Minerals (to wit) an ounce in five quarts of the water, which may be extracted either by Distillation, or Evaporation over the fire? (p. 10. And notwithstanding it contradicts what he would here impose upon me, that I only tried the Water by Gall; Does not he himself cite a passage of mine (p. 151.) where I had been discoursing concerning this Body of Minerals, which in that place I said cannot be extracted without a long and vehement fire?— What makes all this double dealing for advantage? Such Artifice is very unbecoming, and (to use his own word) savours more of a Mechanical than Academical demonstration. If this be Friendly, or Manly, (to say no more) I neither understand what is Friendly, nor Humane.  
And whereas he carps, because I said they cannot be further separated than I had expressed.— I am certain these Minerals are so united in their Subject, the Water, as that when they come under the most Critical Scrutiny, never a one of them will be found to be entirely such, but a quite other thing, or tertium neutrum.  

He confesses his levity.  (Pag. 13.) He confesses some Levity of Opinion he had of late been guilty of, in reference to these two Northern Spaws at Scarb. and Knaresb. one year persuading his Friends to go to Scarb. and the very next year to Knaresb. This he excuses from his own Practice, that he commended no other to them than be took himself, and then he wishes that all Physicians were bound with this girdle, propounding therein himself as a Patterr.— If he means that all were bound to be like him in Levity and Wavering, I know no man that will say Amen. Physicians ought better to understand the Remedies they use: But if in his Honesty, we will all own our Engagement to him for so good an Example.  
To this I'll add, he brought his Wife with him to Scarb. who there found a Cure of a Malady, which ne●ther his own Art and Skill, nor Knaresb. Spa could have effected, but of this more anon. 
He extols Scarb. Spa. — This convinced him of the Excellency of Scarb. Spa, on which account he magnified it exceedingly, as a rare working Water, while he undervalved the other of Knaresb. as much, which he accused to be l●t●le impregnated with any Mineral; ye●, and consequently to be a du●l, heavy Water, not passing well through the B●dy: And of this there are not a few Witness, both at Newcastle where he lives, and else where.  
On this accounted (●n Ann● 1669.) he persuaded a great many Persons of Quality to come along with him to Scarb. wholly resolving, as appeared to them, to desert Knaresb. which ●or above 10. years together he had frequented. But somewhat there was wherein (it seems) his Expectation ●as frustrate, 
He disparages it, and returns to Knaresb.  so as he must resolve to return again to Knaresb. and having a great mind to draw back his T●ain of Friends with him, and to make some amends for his deserting and disparaging Knaresb. he takes the most plausible way (so long as 'twill hold) to leave his dirt in Scarb. Spa, accusing it of some notorious Faults, following therein the Machiavellian Rule, Fortiter incusa aliquid haerebit; laying on load enough, in hope that something will stick. Three faults especially.  

Three faults in Scarb.  First, That it has a petrifying property, and generates the Stone.  
Secondly, That there are filings of Stone and G●ay in it, whereby it breeds Obstructions, and causes the Jaundice.  
Thirdly, That it corrodes the Bowels, and causes a Dysentery.— I'●e now e●● mine how he makes them out.  

It's petrifying.  To begin with the first, (〈◊〉 w●t) that it is petrifying, which I shall examine both in point of Reason, in reference to some Principle in the Water, which he confesses, and so does agree with me, and also ●n Experience; and I doubt not to sat●●fie wise men in both, and perhaps himself too, that he labours under a grand mistake in this his Assertion.  
arg. 1 He finds Nitre in the Saw, and some small matter, which after it has passed through the heat of the fire in Evaporation, will not pass the Filter; and he finds Kircher discoursing the succo lap●difico to affirm it to be a Nitrous Stone dissolved in Water; this gives ground enough to him, who was catching at advantage, to accuse the Water to be petrifying.  

A Quotation out of Kircher examined.  I shall as to the matter that will not pass the Filter examine that by and by, and for Kircher, I honour him as a very Learned Writer, and the Author as my Friend, but magis amica veritas. In that place Kircher is telling of several Springs, that turn Sticks, Straw, or Leaves into Stone, or at the least do cover them, being laid in them so●e while with a stony Crust: Now if the Spa have that property, of crusling any thing into a Stone that is laid in it, than his Quotation will require a consideration of us, but this he affirms not, and therefore it is impertinent.  

Of Nitre and Salt.  Nitre is esteemed by all Naturalists to be of volatile parts, exceedingly penetrative, and a great dissolvent, and therefore it is (says Dr. Jorden) that it serves for the dissolution of Metals (cap. 7.) and all that ever writ of it do agree in this verdict, yea, Kircher himself (lib. 6. cap. de Nitro) says not much less of it, and fixes the petrifying property plainly upon Salt, which he calls the proper and proximal Element of Earth, which subministers crassness to all sorts of mixed bodies. His words ●re— Omnibus mixtorum speciebus ●●assitiem & propriam consistentiam sub●inistrat, verumque & proprium proxi●●mque terroe Elementum dici debet, cu●us Sal sensibile non nisi subjectum ma●ni ●le est, and a little after, speaking of the difference betwixt Salt and Nitre, ●e owns Nitre to partake eminently of the Elements of Fire and Air, and to be full of fiery spirits; whereas Saltle ●e owns to be partaker of the two grosser Elemants Water and Earth. Now how that which is of such thin, volatile, and fiery parts, so penetrative and dissolvent, as that it dissolves Metals, should be the matter of a Stone, I understand and not, nor (I dare say) does Dr. Ponstall. It has been commended in all Ages by Physicians against the Stone, as that which they expect would dissolve it: Yea, I appeal to Dr. T. his own verdict (p. 14.) where he says he preferred the Nitrous spring at Scarb. before the Vitrioline at Knaresb. and makes a high appeal whether it be not a more noble Principle for dissolving or expelling the Stone. Kirch▪ himself grants as much to any Nitrous Spring, (in the place cited, in Consectari●) Nitrum aquis naturalibus i●situm purgat, incidit; penetrate, detergit, ●●structiones expedit, movit, prope si q●● arenos●m renum vesicaeque sulstantiam. Eminently true concerning this Spr●ng at Scarb. an● I pray how can it have 〈◊〉 petrifying property from Nitre which is so penetrative, as here we find Kircher confessing.  
Besides, who ever saw a Nitrous stone? Nitrous Earth is ordinary; Serapio, and Dioscorides tell indeed of mines of Nitre in Armenia and Arcadia, whereas Bellonius, Pliny and Gesner, say its only found above the Earth, but never any mention is made of Nitrous stones, and indeed it's altogether inconsistent with the Nature of it, which is impregnated with such abundance of fiery and aeriel spirits, as we have heard from Kircher, his Author whom he grounds upon.  
But this is not all, for in this point Kircher himself i● extremely roving, and unresolved, wherein this petrifying property shall reside, and what mineral to fix it o●, for (lib. 8. cap. de ●●●gine succi lapid●fici) ●e lays, that either Salt, or Nitre, or A●ome, or Vitriol, 〈◊〉 Su●thur will serve to make a Water to ●●●ste a stick or le●f, etc. but how un●●●onable a thing it is to suppose that many of these Minerals, that are of ●●th thin, hot and piercing properties, 〈◊〉 become the matter of a Stone, I ●●ave it to wise men to consider of, and ●o hereupon infer that our Authors first Argument, drawn from the Authority of such an uncertain and wa●e●in● Writer, is of no validity at all.  
arg. 2 Secondly, He would prove the Spa 〈◊〉 be petrifying by m●king a Parallel between it, and the dropping Well at K●a●●●b which in a very short time will c●ver Moss, or Straw or S●cks that are suffered to lie in it, with a stony Crust. To both these Arguments ●●●e answer in one word: Le● any man show me a stone so generated by Scar-Water, though the trial be made from a month to seven years, and I'll give up the cr●se.  
arg. 3 Thirdly, He proves it from the musch-shells, and such like things that are found near the Spa on the Sands, as if they were converted into Stone by the p●●●●fying spirit that is in the Spring.— Some such Shells are indeed found (although very rarely) on those Sands upon the superficies of the Earth, bu● seldom or never in the Cliff (I m●● confidently say) or at least not more than in other soils. These lying 〈◊〉 upon the Sands are undoubtly cast 〈◊〉 by the Sea, and we know such things are found in all Countries upon the Seacoasts, even where no such Spring● are. Let no man laugh at this Argument of our Author, for though it sounds like that of the Kentish Parson, who affirmed, that Tenderdens-steepl● was the cause of Goodwins-sands, yet 〈◊〉 account it as solid as any other Argument, whereby he makes out the point in hand; in truth they are all of the same stamp.  

Whether the Sea doth petrify or no.  And whereas he takes check, because I said they were petrified by the Sea; I suspect no other that pretends 〈◊〉 Philosophy will deny this property 〈◊〉 be in the Sea, and I shall easily allow my Friend to be singular. Assuredly the Sea does petrify, by the plenty of 〈◊〉 fixed Salt, any thing that has in it a lapidescent juice; from whence it is, ●●at so many Stones of various colours ●●e cast up by the Sea. Thus Coral, overwise a Plant, is hardened by the 〈◊〉 into a Stone, as Dr. Jorden observes. 〈◊〉 have often seen Fish-bones cast up 〈◊〉 the Sea, which have been almost ●●ned into a perfect Stone. Hence it ●●mes to pass, that he that has any Latescent juice, which Physicians usually call a Tartarous humour, shall sooner contract the Stone if he eat much Salt ●●th his meat; and therefore Salt meats 〈◊〉 found to be very ill for such as are ●●clinable to the Stone.  
But while he is managing this Ar●●ment, and denying the petrifying property of the Sea, he says, (p. 32.) 〈◊〉, than what befell Lot 's Wife judici●●●ly, 
Of Lot's Wife.  is not so great a Miracle as that we 〈◊〉 not all naturally turned into Pillars of ●alt, that eat so much Sea-salt daily.— ●●ere he seems to fall into a grand mi●●ke, while he supposes that Lot's ●●fe was turned into Marine Salt, or ●●●h as we eat with our meat. I do indeed think with Learned Dr. Rivet, M. Cowley and others, that thaut story of Lot's Wife must be li●erally understood. Now forasmuch as we know there is a Minerâl Salt which is hard as Stone, and may serve indifferently for building, not being subject to melt by the moisture of the Air; it seems very probable, that she was turned into that Mineral Salt, and not Marine, which would have melted with every shower, and so could not have suited with the design of God, who would have it to be a durable Monument of his Indignation against her Disobedience and Curiosity's, contrary to the expressed Will of God. O● the mineral Salt, see more in Pliny lib. 31. Nat. Hist. cap. 7. And J●sephus says he saw it (lib. 1. Ant● Jud. cap. 1●.) in his days, when it had stood about o●o years. Although our modern Traveller's report there is nec vola nec vest gium now a days of it; as both English, French, Roman and Dutch do testify. Vide Mr. Geo. Sandys, Pietro del la Valle, Doubdan, etc. And the Learned Dr. Isaac Basire, in his Travels in that Country, assures me, that though he made a diligent enquiry after it, yet 〈◊〉 not to be found. But if our Author shall say, He does not affirm that she was turned into a Marine Salt: Why then his mention of it is nothing to the purpose!  
As for what he adds concerning the Earth, which in one place turns to an Ironstone, I have said enough to that p. 28, & 45. of my Answer to Hydrol. ●●ym. although here he seems to infer (for his design) that all the earth that f●lls down near the Spa turns into Stone, which is not so.  
arg. 4 Fourthly, he endeavours to prove it to be petrifying, by the effects that it produceth in those that are subject to the Stone, (p. 33.) wherein he citys his own case, to wit, That having been cut f●● the S one, and one taken out from his Bladder that weighed four ounces and an half, the Summer following he drank of Knaresb. Spa, which Water he mixed with white Wine; these (he says) brought ●●y by Urine abundance of mucous matter, (p. ●6.)— T●ere he cite▪ a place 〈◊〉 of Helmo●t, whom he calls the Prince of Reason, 
Dr. T citys Helmont impertinently.  who he fancies sets down the reason of that Operation in these words: Ubi custodes male se habent, continuo plorant partem pr●prii alimen●● quod sibi assimilare debebat.— Why he should set such an Accent on his Author in his quotation of this Sentence, I know not: The learned Reader will easily observe what Harmony there is betwixt his Matter for which he citys them; and the Words, for in my judgement they agree like a Harp and a Harrow. Nor does it appear that he understands Helmont's meaning. To say no more than what appears true to Learned men, this is one of those Sentences wherein Helmont affects Obscurity, and is scarce intelligible. I suspect my Friend does in this, as 'tis said of some Divines, That they weed the Father's works, picking up many times what is impertinent, while they leave the Flowers to be plucked by others.  
Ob. 
Scarb. gave him a fit of the stone.  Two years after he visited Scarbrough, and brought his Wife and above thirty Persons of Quality, that lived in and about Newcastle, where after a fortnight's drinking of that water, He says it gave him a fit of the Stone, which he had not felt since his cutting, (p. 22) for he felt it slip from the ●●ft Kidney into his Bladder, (p. 43.) and 〈◊〉 the same instant a Thunderbolt from the right Kidney darted into his great Toe; ●●d afterwards he tells (p. 33.) that when be left the Waters, he had another fit for t●● days, and this Stone he will have to 〈◊〉 generated by the Petrifying property of the Spa● (p. 35.)  
This I have gleaned up out of that confused method which he pursues in his Book, the substance of his Argument, which he grounds upon his own Experience.  
Answ. For Answer. Here our Author thunders terribly, and tells of the bolt in hi● T●e, But where is the lightning ●ll this while? I see none, only light●ess enough— I do very much wonder to find him commending Knaresb. Spa for bringing away the mucous matter, which he acknowledges might have been the Foundation of a Stone, and yet discommends Scarbrough for ●●inging down the Stone, Certainly he had the same reason to charge it as a fault in the former, that it bred the mucous Matter, as in the latter that it bred the Stone, which if he had, no man would have believed it: but I suppose that would not have suited his design.  
I find him confessing (p. 14.) that Scarb. has imbibed Nitre, which there he acknowledges to be a noble Principle against the Stone: And wherein, I pray, consists the excellency of that Principle, but in expelling the Stone, or dissolving it? and therefore it is prescribed by all Physicians, ancient and modern, for that very purpose; and yet here, when he finds it to perform the intention, he says it bred it.  
I grant (says he p. 34.) that by reason of abundance of Nitre in the Water, it will force out stony gravel in the kidneys when any is there— Why? is there not reason then to suspect, that he that had been wont to have stones bred in his body, might have so again, for certainly his constitution was not altered by the cutting; and so this Nitrous Water might bring down what was bred there before, and not what itself had generated. Kircher will tell him, he had reason to look for it. Plures s●ctione a calculis liberati tandem eos iterum concipiunt, eo ferm modo quo Saxifo●ina evacuatae novos cum tempore concipiunt Saxorum foetus, lib. 8. sect. 2. cap. 3. And there also he tells him from whence it comes, viz. à Facultatis expultricis imbecillitate, & materiae terrestris & salis in humido diluti copia.  
Again, how can it be supposed, that while there is so constant and plentiful a current through those passages of Urine, and this promoted by ●he Nitrous Water, which he confesses to be so cleansing, yet at the same time a stone should be generated, and that also in a fortnight's space? Does not he acknowledge (p. 18.) that he drank it the year before, and yet we hear nothing of dislike, but a high commendation of it to many worthy Persons of Quality? Indeed than he had another design to carry on, which if it had succeeded, doubtless we had heard none of this; but that failing him, as the Pox said in the Fable, the Grapes are sour, and the Nitrous Water breeds the Stone.  
Ob. Ay but some may object to me, 
About Experience.  you argue against experience, which is the surest Rule to prove a thing; He tells you, his reins have tried it, (p. 44.) and found it too true.  
Answ. I answer, It had been better if his brains had tried it throughly; but since we are to seek for that, I will endeavour in kindness to instruct him. I dispute not against matter of Fact, but only examine the Inference, Whether that Stone so expelled, could be bred by the Spa or no, and that's a point of Reason. I am certain he takes non Causam pro Causa; nothing is more manifest, then that it was the Cause of its Expulsion, but that it should breed it, I have already, and shall yet further make it out to be impossible.  
A particular man's experience, of such an One especially, who for by-ends seeks occasion of cavil, and is glad to find the least pretence to it may be fallacious, and I am assured this is so, and in the Judgement of all wise Men cannot be sufficient to be drawn in to make a Rule to judge a thing by Experientia should be multiplex; it must be an Induction of a great many particulars, and of long duration, made by impartial and  judgements, that must concur to ground a Rule of Experience upon. 
Scarb. Sp. excellent against the stone.  And I dare undertake to bring in an Induction of hundreds of honest and impartial Witnesses, that can have no sinister design at all, who in the Disease we treat of (to wit, the Stone) have found benefit, and never any the least harm, besides those I have mentioned in my Book ●alled Scarb. Spa Edit. 2. Let my own Experience come into plea with his, who have frequented it these 30. years, besides several that I could name, Persons of Quality, who stand admiring at this unreasonable charge of our Author: These having drunk of it ten or twenty years together and upwards, yet never found the least ill symptom from it in this point or any other, when they went regularly to work, and were advised.  
I must confess I have known several that have got quit of many Stones, and much Gravel by drinking of it, and ever without any considerable pain. I know a Lady that voided 28 Stones at these Waters, many of them as big as a pease, four years ago without trouble. And Mr. James Duncanson a Scotchman, told me the l●st year he thought he voided half a Jill of Stones and Gravel at once without much pain, having been very often before subject to grievous fits of the Stone. Nothing is plainer every day than this; to find Stones expelled at these Waters; and yet none of these, nor I ever had the least ground to suspect that it bred those Stones or Gravel.  

A double cause of the stone.  If it bred the Stone in the Body, it must do it either as Causa Materialis, or as Causa Effectrix. If as a Material Cause, that must be by ministering some crass matter which is apt to condense into a Stone; but this the water cannot he thought to do, since it is a pure water, and that also strongly impregnated with a Nitrous Salt, which is a great Dislolvent, as we have said already, and of thin parts. Secondly, the Efficient Cause consists in an innate and natural disposition towards the breeding of Stones and Gravel, from the fiery heat of the Reins and circumjacent parts, which condenses some crass matter into Gravel or a Stone, even as a Potter's clay is by heat hardened into a stone, as Trallianus expresses it, lib. 9 cap. 4. now this the water cannot promote, because it is Nitrous, and consequently cooling, and is ever found to quench the intemperate heat of the Reins, and all the internal parts.  
Ob. But our Author accuses it as a Material Cause, 
About stone-silings.  and to leave matter in the Body which will condense into a stone, by reason of the stone-filings that are in it, p. 35. where he compares it to the dropping Well at Knaresb. that covers any thing that is laid in it some while with a stony crust.  
Answ. To this I reply; the Spring flows as clear as any whatsoever, and if it be clear taken up, as we drink it at the Well, I know no ground of complaint. Perhaps in filling of great Vessels they may trouble the Spring, and so take up some gravel or sand, which might beguile him, and make him look on it as an unseparable adjunct.  
Again, all waters of this nature that are impregnated with Minerals, will usually let fall something to the bottom, which is commonly called Ochre, and this does so, whether it be carried in wooden vessels, or stone, or glass, though he says p. 55. 'tis the corosion of the Vessels by the Water, yet learned Writers on the subject never thought the worse of them.  

The Water ●●l●red.  Among the body of Mineral ingredients wherewith this water is impregnanted, there is a part after it has passed through the heat of the fire in the evaporation of the water, that when it comes to be dissolved again in pure water, will not pass the filter, while yet before it came to the fire it would all have passed through, as I have sometimes shown to several Persons of Quality, when two quarts of the water newly taken out of the Spa dropped through the filter, and left not so much sand behind, as would make a man wink if it were in his eye, and yet being evaporated away over the fire, it afforded the same sediment in substance and Quantity, as if it had not been filtered, such alteration has the fire made in it. Now I doubt not but the water which we drink that never came at the fire, whereby the fixed parts of the Minerals should be condensed, will as easily pass through and penetrate our Bodies, and leave no dregs, as at the first it does the filter.  

Fire a proper Instrument, but not a fit Medium.  Indeed I agree with him in this, that fire is the most proper instrument to try what is in the water, and therefore it was that I proceeded by it in extracting these Minerals, as before I expressed; but I do not judge it a fit medium whereby to prove its working in our Bodies, which is the thing he drives at all along; for that which fire will condense or thicken, may yet be as fluid as water in our Bodies. As for example, the Serum that is in the Blood, and is its Vehicle to help its Circulation in the Veins and Arteries, is like water, as we see it in the vessels when we take Blood; yet put this into a Saucer, and set it on the fire, and immediately it turns thick like Starch. I knew a worthy Knight in Yorkshire, who out of some such persuasion, was wont to dehort others from drinking of Sack, showing them that a glass of Sack poured into a red hot fireshovel, would leave a thick sediment like Pu● or Starch, when the thin parts were evaporated; but I suppose no wise Man, or good Fellow, would like it the worse for that. And therefore upon the whole matter, I may very well and truly deny that any such filings of Stone, or Clay, or Sand are left in our Bodies while we drink this Water, to breed the Stone or any other malady, or the least ill symptom; and I am certain, that in the large Experience that I can pretend to in things referring to this Water, there is no ground to believe it.  
Note. But that I may yet further discover the weakness of this Argument, I shall let him know, that a water may have a petrifying property, so as it may turn any thing into a Stone, and yet in a large Tract of Experience, it may be found safe to be drunk, yea and be an excellent Remedy against the Stone. Did my Friend never read Dr. Fuller's Worthies, who was a most learned and ingenious Gentleman? In his Description of , (p. 117.) he tells of a Spring at Newenham Regis that is so p●trifying, that it turns sticks into stone, (which Mr. Speed his Author whom he citys, says he was an Eye-witness of) and yet withal he adds, that it's found to be very Sovereign against the Stone. If I were disposed, I could tell where our Author has commended the dropping Well to some to drink a long time of it, when sure he had no jealousy lest it should breed the Stone in those Patients.  
Note. But it appears from this Argument, that he is of opinion that whatsoever is stony, is apt to breed stones in the body, and consequently is dangerous for such as are inclinable to the stone. So he argues (p. 32, & 35.) why then how comes it to pass, that our most excellent Writers do prescribe such things against the Stone? Marcellus one of the Princes in Physic, commends the powder of a Crab-shell to be drunk in white Wine against the Stone. And Aetius another, commends that very stone that has been bred in the body, and is expelled by urine, to be powdered, and drunk as an excellent Remedy against the Stone. (Petrab. 3. serm. 3. cap. 10.) I could multiply instances of like sort out of our best Writers.  
By this reckoning we should lay aside Pearl, Coral, Crabs eyes, and all sorts of precious S●ones. We should abandon all our compound Species and Trochisks, and what not. The Lady Kent's powder and Gascoigns powder, with many more, must be held dangerous against the Stone, and we should use nothing but the fiery hot spirits of the Pseudochymists, of which we shall hear anon. But assuredly this doctrine will not easily go down with the wise Men of this generation, nor will the great Ladies believe it.  
Nothing is more ordinary then to see the powder of Spar, which is a hard mineral Stone, to be taken inwardly with good success, even by wise and intelligent persons, as also the powders of Egg shells and Gromel-seeds, which is almost as hard as stone, who never can be made to believe that they breed the Stone.  
Note But what if should grant him, that the natural heat of the body may condense the fixed parts of the mineral and metaline Principles of this or other the like waters, as the fire doth, yet it would not follow that they could breed the Stone; for 'tis impossible for such a gross substance to pass through the small and capillar Veins of the Mesentery, or the emulgent Veins, which it must do before it come into the Kidneys to breed the Stone, nor ever was any such thing found or suspected, till this our Author fancied it; but it must of necessity be thrown by the purging property of the water into the bowels, where no manner of detriment can ensue, and so go out by siege; nor did ever any thing happen upon the drinking of these waters, that could afford any the least ground of jealousy, that there was any such cause, notwithstanding his pretences.  
But seeing our Author is so severe in his charge against it, 
A digression about petrification.  as having a petrifying property, and thereupon compares it to the Dropping-well, I judge it requisite to make some enquiry into the parallel, and to consider of the causes of petrification that is in waters, and more particularly that of the Dropping-well, how it makes stone, and so we shall the better discern what sutableness there is in this his parallel; where by the way, somewhat I shall say concerning the nature of stone.  

Of the nature of stone.  It is a point of no small difficulty that I am now fallen upon, there being few that have written of the subject unto any competent satisfaction. Fallopius (de metallis cap. 6 found it so, and therefore he implored the help of Marcus Antonius Janna about it: But at last he adventures upon it, and defines Stone to be a mineral substance concrete, that is not capable of dissolution either by heat or moisture: And whereas some stones will dissolve or melt, he imputes to the mixture of some mineral or metal.— But this is not a full or complete definition, for as much as we see there are some stones, in which we cannot say there is any mineral or metal, that will neither endure the fire, nor yet the air, and are therefore accounted improper for building.  
But this is observable, that the more pure and fine the matter of any stone is, the harder it is, and the more uncapable of dissolution either by heat or moisture, as Diamonds, Amethists, Cornelians, etc. Nor does it agree with the nature of those stones that are bred in the bodies of men, some of wh●ch we find are dissoluble by the help of these waters, though others are not.  

Of the generation of stones.  But the cause of the generation of stones is still more abstruse and difficult. Some will have them all to be originally nothing but water, but then they should all be pellucid and clear. Some to be only earth condensed, but then none of them should be pellucid. Besides, why should any of them be heavier than earth, since they are drier; for we see the same piece of earth when 'tis dry, is far lighter than when 'tis moist, unless we shall attribute it to its more close and compact substance, which is not enough.  
The best account we can give, is that every sort of stone has its Succus Lapidescens (as metals have) before it be concrete, and that concretion is furthered sometimes by cold, and sometimes by heat. Thus by cold, those Springs that have imbibed any sort of Lapidescent juice, may petrify or make a stone of the same kind, and the sooner if there be any mixture of a fixed salt in it, and the water be kept from motion. By the other (to wit) heat, may any crass matter be turned into a stone; as the clay in a Potter's furnace, is by the fiery heat condensed into a stone.  

Stones often found in the body.  There are also stones generated in the concave parts of men's bodies very frequently, by the immoderate heat of the parts condensing crass matter, as in the Gall, the Reins, the Bladder, the Stomach, the Womb, as have been found in d●ssections frequently; so likewise in the very Arteries and Veins. Kircher tells, that he was present when Joannes Trulla a Chirurgeon found many stones, and much urtarous matter in the great Artery, near to its union with V●na Cava, in one Barthelinus Cenventinus, which stopped the motion of the blood and spirits, and brought sudden death. The like was found lately in the Ar●●ry of a Noble Peer of this Realm, which rendered his disease incurable, as I had a relation from my Friend Dr. Troutbeck, who was present at the dissection. Many stories of like sort may be found in Schenkin's Observationss, as also in Laurentius' Historia Anatomica. Yea and sometimes stones have been found in the solid and mustulous parts. I have seen a stone as hard as a flint, and in all respects like one, as one flint can be like another, that after much pain in the part and of long duration, was cut out of a man's buttock at Doncaster, which would strike fire upon steel.  

Springs that have imbibed stones.  I read in good Authors of several Springs that are impregnated with stone, as the Aqua Aponitana which Fallopius says has Limestone, as also the Baths of Eugesta according to Gesner, and that at Corsena has shreds of Marble. So at Giret near Vienna in Savoy there is a Spring whose water petrifies into flints. This must necessarily from the diversity of the Lapidescent juices which those Springs have imbibed.  

A rare Spring in France.  But the most stupendious is a Spring at Clarmont in Avernus, a Province in France, which though it flows as limpid and clear as any other water, yet it turns all its substance in●o stone, if it be suffered to stand still in any vessel; and being put into a glass of what shape you please, it will turn presently into a stone of the same form. Petrus Joannes Faber a French Physician, in his Hydrographum Spagyricum (lib. 2. c. 14.) reports of this water that they are wont to make Bridges of it to pass into their Gardens, over the Rivulet that comes from it, by placing timber, and then pumping up the water upon it, they have a complete stone-bridge in 24. hours. This water he says kills any beast that drinks of it, for as much as it turns into a stone in the stomach— The said Author undertakes to give a reason for i●, (to wit) That the Spiritus Mundi with a peculiar influence of the Stars upon this Spring more than any other, does excite the astringent and coagulating property that is in the Sal, one of the three Chemical principles, whereby the water upon r●sting, or ceasing of motion, shall convert into a stone. But in my judgement, he had as good have said nothing, for so he may easily solve all the Phaenomena in Nature, be they never so difficult, which have puzzled all the Sages of the World, by attributing them to the activity of the Spiritus Mundi, and the Stars influences upon one or more of their three principles, to wit, Sal, Sulphur, and Mercury.  
But in all probability; the true cause must be this, that this whole matter that runs out of the Spring, is a Lapidescent juice, and not water, which when it ceases to move, as it does in the Spring or Rivulet, immediately it hardens into a stone. For motion hinders the concretion, as we see in water, which in the coldest weather never frezes' while 'tis kept in motion, but let it rest, and then it converts to ice.  
And so I may say of our petrifying Springs, which only differ in magis and minus, several of which I have seen in this County of York, which do cover a stick, straw, or moss with a stony crust, and these of several colours, according to the nature and colour of that sort of Lapidescent juice, which the water hath imbibed.  

Of the Dropping-Well.  But the most famous of them all, and most petrifying by far of any that this Kingdom affords, is the Dropping-Well at Knaresbrough; it is a Spring that bubbles out of the Earth in a Meadow Close, near adjoining to the River of Nid, that runs under the Walls of the Town, belonging to Sir Thomas Slingsby: It is as clear as any other Spring-water, and the Cattle drink of it. After thirty or forty yards from the Spring, it runs by a very small channel into a spongy porous Rock, about twelve yards long, which hangs upon the edge of another stony Rock, (all the earth thereabouts being rocky) there it diffuses itself, and continually distils through the pores of the spongy Rock, like a plentiful rain, into the ground that is under it, much lower than the Meadow. That ground into which it drops, is all become a solid Rock, wherein if a stick or moss be suffered to lie some while, it covers it with a stony crust, and in time converts it into a stone, somewhat like Limestone, but clearer and smother; from thence it runs into the River of Nid, which is within a dou●en yards of it, where the Spring-water has made a Rock, that stretches some yards into the River.  
There are no symbols of any petrifying property in the Spring or Stream that runs from it, upon straws or moss, till it comes into the Rock; which to my apprehension seems to be made by the petrification which the water at the beginning might receive from the Rock upon which it hangs, from which it might derive a Lapidescent juice, and doubtless it is now eminently exalted in its coldness from the spongy Rock, for it is a very cold water which quality meeting with the Lapidescent juice, and a small proportion of a fixed Salt, doth produce the petrifying property.  
This water is in esteem for staying of inveterate Fluxes of the belly, of which they use to drink a long time together without any harm at all; and I have sometimes observed, without any benefit as to the staying of the Flux. If it be evaporated away, it leaves in the bottom of the vessel a very sharp and gretty stone-powder, somewhat salt and brackish, for the fire fixes the Lapidescent juice. Our Author calls it Nitre, following therein Kircher; but I have proved it already to be inconsistent with the nature and property of Nitre to make a stone. Nor does that salt, which is found in the sediment of the Dropping-Well, shoot into stirias, as the Nitre does at Scarbrough, and wherever else it has been found.— Now it being plain, and that by his own confession, that Scarb. Spa has in it abundance of Nitre, (p. 34.) it is impossible it should be petrifying, or make a stone. And since 'tis also manifest, that the Dropping Well has no Nitre in it, it follows that the parallel is naught and frivolous.  

A rare case of help in the stone.  To sum up all in a few words: while Doctor Tonstall has designed to charge it on the Spa, that it breeds the stone in the kidneys and bladder, he has in truth proved by an instance drawn from himself, tha● it is an excellent water against the Stone, forasmuch as when he knew not from any foregoing symptoms, that he had any stones in his kidneys, save only that he had formerly been cut for the S●one, and his private constitution might again incline him to it: It did not only like a light brought into a dark room, discover a lurking Thief, (as I had occasion to express it else where) to wit, a Stone and that within the space of one fortnight, but had also so much power and efficacy as to expel it, and also to set nature on work some weeks after, to clear itself of the stones and gravel which it had dislodged, which if they had been retent within the body, would undoubtedly have increased to a greater bulk, perhaps in a little more time impossible to be expelled, and so have drawn him into a necessity of another cutting.  
I have been the longer in this Argument, both because in this he seems herein to be most earnest, often protesting in choler enough, on purpose to gain Proselytes and beget belief (though I think there are but few to be found, that will judge the overflowing of his Gill, to add any force to his Argument) and because some others even of eminent Quality of my Friends, whom I very much honour, had some such jealousy, upon this very ground, that they never discovered that they had the symptoms of the Stone, till this Water found it out, and expelled both stones and gravel; while yet scarce any of that Family have been free from the Stone, that lived to any competent years: And further, because on this Hypothesis, Hang all the rest of the Arguments of accusation which he brings against the water.  
What need I say any more in p●i●t of Reason, to convince wise men of the ungroundedness of this his charge; I shall add a little more in point of experience, that I have lately met with very many intelligent Persons, who having had large experience of the benefit by this water in the Stone, either in themselves or their relations, have read this his charge with some indignation, and have willingly effered their testimony. I'll mention but two for brevity.  
Mr. John Beaumond of Frankfesse in Yorkshire, 
Another  his Wife had been very many years subject to grievous fits of the Stone, for which she had taken much advice, though with little success; she went afterwards to Knaresbrough and drank those waters, but found no benefit; then her Husband brought her to Scarb. which water brought away the matter of Stone in Gravel and Sand to a great proportion, even in one week's time, since when (being now five years) she has had no necessity of returning to the Spa, being free of all symptoms.— Himself also very much subject to Hypochondriack Wind, which much disturbed his head with strange fantasies, finds perfect cure by these waters, having frequented them now these twelve years, and so resolves to continue while God spares life, being aged sixty and five.  

Another special Case.  The other is the Experience of Mr. George Waugh of Newcastle, a neighbour of Dr. Tonstals, expressed in his letter to me.  
Sir, I judge myself obliged to give my testimony of the Spa, and its good effects in my cas●. And fi●st, I bless God that he has afforded me so great help by it; and also I let you know, that it proved effectual almost beyond my first belief of the water, even to my admiration. In the year 1669. at my first visiting of the Well, the water did not only bring away a confirmed stone, as large as any Date-st●ne, with its bed in which it lay, but as I found did also soften and dissolve what was more in my Body, so that at one Urine (as I remember) I voided above a dozen stones, most of them as large as a white pease, which did lie in the basin as stones; but I draining the water off, and thinking to take them up, they would not bear their own weight, but betwixt my fingers became sand, and these I voided the very day I left the Spa. At my return in 1670. I had not arunk eight pints of the water the first morning, until a large quantity of the tartarous tough matter that breeds the stone came away, which I know was caused by the virtue of the Water.  
I am your, etc. GEORGE WAUGH.  
Here I think fit to insert a story that I have heard from a Gentleman of Quality who asserts the truth of it. A Gentleman that was sorely afflicted with the Stone of the Bladder, was cut for it, and a stone of great bigness was taken out, his Friend begged it of him, and made a knife-haft of it; as he was sitting at dinner one day with other Friends, they held long in discourse, while his knife laid still upon his trencher, which when he took up, he found the haft to have a dimple in it on one side, and observing, he judged it to have proceeded from a Radish upon which the haste had laid, which had dissolved it: this gave occasion to another Gentleman, who was wont to be severely tormented with the Stone, to eat Radishes much, which he found to dissolve the Stone in his Bladder, and bring it away in abundance of Gravel and Sand, so as he was afterwards freed from his disease.  
Note. But I must look back to (p. 15.) where our Author tells a story of Mr. Stone's Son, (its the Printers mistake, for it should be Mr. Stow a Gentleman of Newton upon Trent in Nottinghamshire how that the Spa at Knaresb. helped towards the healing of his wound in the neck of the Bladder, after he had been cut for the Stone, for which great cure (says our Author) he did frequent that Spa many years after.— I'll go on with the story▪ this Gentlemen and his Son having heard of the fame of Scarb. Spa, did about eight or nine years ago make a journey thither, in which water they found so much more real benefit in that disease of the Stone than they had before, that to this day they never returned to Knaresb. but have been constant drinkers of Scarb. waters, either going thither, or else sending for the water to Newton, though it be near thirty miles further distant than the other.  
Another story he tells (p. 35.) of one that was brought very low in a Hectic Peaver, and sadly troubled with a shortness of breath, but found no Remedy till drinking of Knaresb. Spa he coughed up stones every day. If this Patient (says he) had been sent to Scarbrough, what had become of him?— I dare say he knows not, for it well appears he does not understand that water, either through defect of opportunities of observation, or from a judgement swayed aside by design, or blinded by interest. But it is not my disposition now to make a comparison betwixt these two waters: Let them agree till they meet say I, and then if they fall out, I know which is the nimbler, and better metalled too. But our Author should have done well to have informed himself what intention the Doctor designed, that in a difficulty of breathing he should advise him to drink that water, and whether he knew there were any stones in his Lungs, and could expect that the water should help their expectoration, or whether it was not rather some accidental cure that he expected not. He should also have told us what manifest quality there is in that water to promote the coughing up of stones, more than there is in Scarbrough, and whether it was expected to be performed by some occult quality: And whether or no a mistaken fantasy in Dr. T. will hereafter prove a real impediment in Scarb. Spa for the doing of cures.  

Of clay and sand in the Spa.  But I may not pretermit that he accuses this water to have sand and clay in it, whereby it hurts feeble stomaches, and be undertakes (p. 23.) to tell what proportion there is of it in the water.— This has been in part answered already, while we were discoursing about the stone particles, wherein he placed the petrifying property. We have said before, that the fire does condense some fixed parts of the mineral and metalline substances, or the Earth through which it passes, yet exceeding short of that proportion that he mentions, nor indeed is it worth enquiry, since never my harm came by it, be it more or less, these thirty years to my knowledge, that might be reasonably ascribed to any such cause. But let us examine it first in Reason, and then we will come to Experience.  

All sorts of water have ear●●y matter.  This is certain, that the most pure simple water in all the world, being torrefied in the fire, as we do in extracting the minerals out of this water, will be found to have sand and other earthy matter in it, as Mr. boil has made out: For he says, take the purest and most common Spring-water, and distil it in the purest glass retort an hundred times over, and there shall ever) time be found a quantity of sand as a bottom sediment. 
Especially Mineral-waters.  But this is more especially true in Mineral-wate●s, and still more in such of them as have imbibed Mineral-juyces, whether they be hot or cold Springs, & never till now did any▪ man of Art esteem them the worse for it: Such as that at Bourbon in France, the minerals whereof have been shown me by the Noble Lord Falconberge, and yet by the Advice of all the Physicians that water is taken inwardly, as also our own at . So the Acque Acetese at Rome, the Pouhout and Sauvenir in Germany, Epsam, Tunbridge, Barnet, Astrap, jeatham, yea and that of Knaresb. upon my own knowledge, which upon the evaporation of the water, (as I do at Scarb.) yields a great proportion of clay and sand (as he calls it) and scarce any thing else. Yea Dr. French in his Book of that water confesses it.  
Note. He refer him to a Chemist, who will tell him this is common to other Springs of this sort. Petrus Johannes Faber in his Hydrogr. Spagyr. (lib. 1. cap. 4. pag. 16.) treating of Mineral-water, and wherein consists their virtues, has these words.— Nam distillatis aquis quacunque Arte ex nonnullis Fontibus infinitarum quasi vir●utum, nihil repertum est in fu●do distill●ti●nis, praterquam Lincus, & Terra quaed●m crassa & faeculenta nullius virtutis & efficaciae etc. (to wit) by what Art soever the Waters of some springs be distilled, wh●ch are yet of infinite virtue, nothing is to ●nd in the bottom but mud, and some gross and earthy dregs of no virtue, and efficacy a●●●●l. And thus I am certain it is with Kn●resb. which this year he extols so much, and which either our Author has not observed, or out of design is not willing to acknowledge.  
And therefore either he did not ☜ know this when he writ this Book, or he did. If he had not known it, than it betokens ignorance in a considerable point of Philosophy, and in that part wherein he ought especially to have been better instructed.— If he did know it, and yet goes about to buzz it into the heads of the vulgar as a peculiar fault of Scar●rough, it savours still worse, he might as well accuse any of them as this; nay upon this Hypothesis, no water in the world should be wholesome to be drunk, because of the sand or gravel that is in it, which fire discovers. Although for any man to repine at it, were doubtless an Atheistical presumption, and a grievous sin against God, who has so ordered in his infinite wisdom, while either it's not worse for our bodies, or if it be, it depends upon his Will, who not only in his Statute and Decree has determined us all to be subject to death, but also in his wise provision of things most necessary for our being, will gradually dispose our bodies to a state of mutation and corrptibility.  
What could our Author expect (I wonder) to find the element of water? 
No element of water to be found,  Surely not: all Fountains are mixed bodies made up of the four elements, and in respect of the earth which is the matrix within which they are generated, and to which they are so nearly united, they partake largely of a terrestrial matter.  

Scarb. Spa excellent for a feeble stomach.  I do seriously profess, I could never observe any the least harm to feeble Stomaches, but have always found it highly to sharpen the appetite, and also further the concoction. Nay I am certain there is not in Nature a more speedy Remedy for a debilitated Stomach. Never did any feeble Stomach (if that was the main fault) return from these waters without eminent good success, when they were regular and would be advised. My Lord of Suffolk's stupendious cure which I mention (p. 174. of Scarb. Sp. Edit. 2.) confirms this, with others that are there recited. Nor if you mind, does he bring any instance to confirm this charge, but as in the former indictment about its breeding the Stone, he has no witness but himself, nor one plausible argument to prove it; so here he stands alone to make good this accusation against that cloud of witnesses which I have produced, although I am certainly informed from some that know full well, he did earnestly endeavour to procure some to attest them both, but was severely rejected.  
I have know some Persons of quality, who when they came, could not sit down at the Ordinaries with others, lest they should give offence by their continual belching, which always seized on them at meat, who found a perfect cure by the waters, and some additional helps which I thought fit. 〈◊〉 may confidently say, I have know many scores that through debility of the retentive faculty of the Stomach, were wont to puke up their meat before it was half concocted, that have found cures, even when all other means have failed, and when they have been supposed to be far in consumptions.  

A rare cure.  Major Samuel Taylor a Gentleman wel● known to our Superiors, and the high●st Grandees of the Kingdom, by a Commission he has from his Majesty for the making of the Mould at Tanger, was about n●ne●een years ago so low brought with a lingering weakness, attended with a constant Cough, and ioss of appetite, that his legs could scarce bear him, and was wholly given up by all as in a Consumption, found here a perfect cure in a very short time. The two or three last years finding at Tanger the old symptoms returning, which brought him so weak that he could not attend his employment but on horseback, he obtained leave to come for England purposely to drink these waters at Scarbrough, wherein by the way (especially at London) he met with sufficient discouragements from many (otherwise knowing) persons, fearing the waters would kill him 〈◊〉 grounding their jealousies upon this Book of D. ●●nstal, but his former experience had fixed his resolution, so as the last Summer (viz. 1670.) he came to Scarb. and stayed about three weeks, then after a few week's respite and recess he come again, and stayed nine orsten days at the waters, and was reduced (God be praised) to his perfect health, strength and stomach, as ever he had in all his life.  

An appeal.  I appeal to all the Lords, Ladies, Gentlemen, and others that were ever advised by me at these waters at Scarbrough, for I cannot justify the drinking of them abroad, when perhaps it may be adulterated by the Carriers, or else become putrid, whether they have not found their stomaches advanced by it, both in point of appetite and digestion. Our Landlord's tables in Scarb. find we want not stomaches, where we feed like Farmers, and are hearty merry, year and he himself in the two Summers that he visited the waters, know it to be true.  
It's very usual for many to come in various cases on their own accords, and so drink largely and boldly without any advice first had, or direction in drinking, and they think all is well because the water passes freely with them, if such return without success or get harm, where is the fault? Possibly our Author may have met with some of these, which he could not redress, though perhaps another might; must it needs be charged upon the water or its principles?  

Several Indictments against Scr. Sp. answered.  He is indeed very forward in his Accusation, and in this very point he confesses (p. 21) he preferred an Indictment against the Water before the Lord Falconberge about the sandy faeces, while yet he acknowledges he was not certain, but that much of it came by the carelessness of the Porter that brought him the water.— I could reply to the purpose if I were disposed, but I know my limits. Sure. I am that noble Lord is so well knowing, and throughly satisfied with the innocency and excellency of this water, that no man can impose upon him, nor will his Lordship own any thing that tends to its disparagement.  
But there is yet another fault which he fancies to ensue from the sand and clay that he has told of, and the stone faeces, (to wit) that they are plastered upon the inner coat of the bowels, disturb the peristaltic motion, and obstruct the attraction of the lacteal veins.— Hard words indeed, enough to fright children, but they that are wise will not be startled at Bugbears. Posito uno absurdo mille sequuntur; the cause and the effect are much alike. The truth is, 'tis nothing more than a frivolous conceit, and not worthy to be replied to.  
But this effect of the sand becomes a cause of still furthers mischief, (to wit) that after you have drunk a month with success, it takes a testy jadish fit, and will neither go backward nor forward, (p. 25.) and says he, (p. 26.) Is this the manner of other waters?— Yes, I can tell him, that Knaresb. water will not go through at any time in ordinary bodies, 
Scarbr. compared with Kuaresb.  unless it be either drawn or driven; and shall I say it is from the sandy sediment which I found upon evaporation? Surely no, but for want of another thing which he calls the essence of a Spa, which should carry it through. But I am not quarrelsome against that water. He had told his friends the last year when he invited them to come to Scarbr. that it was a nimble and well working water, and if he could have brought about his design, it would so have continued this year.  

Compared with the German.  I am certain no water in the world that I read of, is less guilty of this fault then Scarb. nay let them find me another that will pass a month together with like success. I am certain the Germane come far short of it, for as Dr. Heer confesses in his Spadacrene, (p. 122.) they have scarce one stool in eight days that drink of it, even such as were wont to retrograde once every day at home. But it after so well working there happen to be any obstruction, must the fault needs be in the water? Is it not possible that Nature may be weary after a month, and so become a slug? Or may it not arise from some accidental thing in the Patient? Do we not see freequently that the same dose of Diet-drink which we prescribe, comes sometimes far short of what it operates at another day, and if so, where is the alteration but in the body?  

Accidents at all waters.  It's very ordinary for accidents to happen at all these waters, and therefore there is need of Physicians that understand them, and know how to correct them, although as rarely at Scarb. as at any other in the world. As for the Lord he mentions, in whom it stopped after a months well working, I know whom he means; that Lord told me he could never get quit of him, till at length he yielded to take something of him; and I profess seriously, his Lordship told me, he found no manner of alteration: So I gave him somewhat to take off the waters, and he returned home with benefit, having come above two hundred miles.  
The truth is, it's against my will for any one to drink this water a whole month together, but rather I advise to a little intermission, and then go to it again, if the work be not done.  

Dr. T. wrists the Author's sense.  But he seems to confirm this assertion from my own expressions in my Book, as you may see in his twenty sixth page— Thus where I am laying down cautions about orderly and regular drinking, that no man hurt himself through want of a Rule, he converts them to arguments against the water, as is observable throughout his whole discourse. Do not all Authors that treat of such subjects, lay down rules and give cautions for orderly drinking of the waters they treat of? As Dr. Heers and others of the Germane, Dr. Dean and Dr. French of Knaresbrough, Dr. Roosy of Tunbridg, etc. and must all these be wrested to a contrary sense, as that they imply some faults in their waters; certainly nothing can be more disingenuous. Sure I am none of these ever met with such contradiction, and wresting of their sense as I have done. But I allow every man his humour, though it costs me some Trouble, provided the end may be good, as here it will.— I now proceed.  

Of the Essence of Spaws.  He says in his Preface, that the Essence of Scarb. Spa is fit for the Cup of a Prince, but the Caput Mortuum, which is that he calls the Stonefillings, Day and Sand, is for nothing but the Brick-Layers Trowel.— 'tis well there is any any thing in it that is good.— Now by the Essence he means the refined parts (to wit) the Mineral Salts, which are extracted by force of Fire. But I wonder why the grosser of fixed parts should be excluded from being Essential to the Water, any more than the Body, which is of a grosser substance than the Soul should be excluded from being the Essential part of a Man.  

Sca●br. compared with Knaresb.  If the Salt be the only Essence, than it will follow that Knaresb. Water which this year he magnifies so much, has little or no Essence, for in the Evaporation of 10. Gallons, I had a great quantity of Clay and Sand, as I said before, and but 17. Grins of Salt, 3. pints of Scarb. Water affording as much: So the consequent must b● that there is nothing n Knaresb. Spa fit for a Prince, since it has little or nothing of Essence.  

The the Volatile spirits.  But the truth is, there is yet another thing that is Essential to all these sorts of Waters, and that is their Volatile parts which being Aetherial do easily vanish by the innate heat of Fountains even without Fire, and cannot be catched by any Project of Art, and their consists much of their Virtue, although their purging property lies mainly in their Salts. and much of their Deoppila●ing too: And if it were not for this Knaresb. Spa were not worth a Rush, while yet we know it wants not Virtue, although it rarely passes by Siege, only by Urine, which so much whey would do, or common Water, although not with that Benefit. And hence it is as I am certainly informed from some that know it full well, that he himself sends for Scarb. Water to Newc●stle, out of which he extracts that which he calls the Essence, and gives it with Knaresb. Water (even at Knaresbrough) as a great Secret, which other Physicians there must not know, on purpose to further its Operation.  
But as for those gross Parts which after Evaporation will not pass the Filter, and are common to all Mineral Waters (as I said before), they are for the most part nothing else then the Fixed parts of these Minerals or Metals which the fire condenses, though in our Bodies they are not Discoverable, and are of singular use for the making of the Waters more safe for inward Uses and ends, conducing to the fortifying of the Natural Parts. For if the piercing Salts were in the Water alone, they would open the Obstructions of the Liver and Mesentery very well, but then they would go ne'er to spoil the Tone of the Liver, by purging and attenuating too much, but having the Virtue of the gross and fixed parts, there is joined an Astriction, by which the Natural Parts are strengthened, 
Scarb. Fortifies the Liver, etc.  and the Tone of the Liver preserved, besides that it secures the Body from running into fluxes; And from hence also comes it, that though it be an aperient Water, yet it stays the immoderate Fluxes of women.  
And this that I say is according to the Doctrine of Galen, who (lib. de Curand. Morb. Cap. De Hep. affect.) advises that in all Hepatick Medicines, some things be added which are Moderately Astringent, otherwise Apperient, Piercing and Purging Medicines will undoubtedly debiliate it. And to this agree all our best Writers, and we find it true in our Practice.  

Another charge about the Jaundice.  Another grand Indictment that he prefers against Scarb. Spa is, that it is Obstructive and causes the Jaundice, for proof whereof he citys the Lord Is. Case, (p. 37.) This is the Case I glance at, (p. 149) of Scarb. Spa Edit 2.) in dark Language having no mind to have it publicly known whom I meant. Dr. T. asked me again and again with very much importunity one day last year at Scar. in great Friendship, at least pretended, whose Case it was; If I was prevailed withal by his soothing words to tell him privately, being a Brother of the Faculty, etc. He did unworthily to tell it to the World, so as to charge it as a Fault in a P●rson of such Honour in hurting himself with drinking wine. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; ☜ What pump me, and then tell abroad my secret? the very Schoolboys will ●●ame him for this, and are better taught, Nec retinent patulae commissa, etc. This is not done like a Physician, but— This brings to my mind a story in Plutarch (de Curiositate) of ●n Egyptian that was carrying something in a Basket covered. One came to him, and asked what it was that he had covered so close. Ideo (inquit) obv●lutum est. Tu verò cur curiose vestigas quod occultatum est? Si nihil esset mali non fuisset occultatum: (to wit) It is therefore hid that thou mayst not curiously inquire what it is. Had there been no evil in it, it should not have been hid. I must confess, this frets me more than all his Book beside. I'll only add one Advice to every ingenious Reader upon this occasion, which I have out of Publius Cyrus, vi●. Ita Amicum h●beas posse ut furi hunc I●imicum putes.— So treat your Friend, as if you should suspect he might in time become an Enemy.  
He says the wat●● brought his Lordship into the Jaundice that killed him, p. 37. I do seriously profess my Lord was in a decaying condition by a Cachexy, and also sick when h● came to Scarb. and more fit for his Bed then a Journey of sixty miles. His Lordship drank but three quarts in a whole week, and that altogether against my will and adv ce, and that at twice, (to wit) three pints at a time, and with two days intermission betwixt his two doses, both which passed throughly. What wine was drunk in his Lordship's company at Scarb. or in his return by York, where he stayed two days, is impertinent either for Dr. T. or me to mention; But sure I am, neither the water nor the wine did him any great harm, so as to have any influence into his death. Nor had be any Jaundice but a Cachexy, which he brought with him, neither does D. Taylor (whom he mentions) blame the water in the least, against whose persuasion his Lordship undertook that long journey, and after ten or twelve days died of sickness.  

Of the Alderman of Newcastle.  His second instance is of an Alder man of Newcastle, (p. 40) yet he confesses the Jaundice did not manifest itself other by urine or the colour of his body, which gave him cause (he says) to suspect that the water had petrified the Gall.— But I pray how came he to know it ●as the Jaundice, since it appeared not i● the colour of the body nor the ●ine? If Galen's authority be of any value or credit with him, he will tell him by his definition of Icterus, that it is an inseparable difference whereby that d seize must be known, that the choler is diffused through the whole body in the skin. Icterus est effusio hilis in cu●em. So Aetius; Est effusio biliosi humoris circum corpus, ob secernentis cum Facultatis debilitatem. And to these agree all the Princes in Physic, as Aretaeus, Paulus, Celsus, Actuarius, etc. as the Learned may see in their. Writings. Yea and all our modern Writer too make it a necessary Adjunct, without which no man can call it a Jaundice, if it appear not in the skin. Yea if he will consider Hypocrates or Helmon● either, 
〈…〉  which are his two great Lights, (as he tells us) they will let him see the Jaundice is not to be judged without it do appear in the skin. Helmo●● has indeed a large dispute (cap. 4. de Hum. decept.) from whence the effusion of the choler proceeds, but yet all along he denominates the Jaundice from its appearance in a yellow colour through the whole body in the skin. And therefore I wonder our Author did not consult better for his own Reputation in describing this Disease like an Artist, especially engaging in such a design as this, wherein he could not think to escape unsistted, either by myself or some other.— Which gave me cause to suspect (says he) that the water had petrified the gall. 
Dr. T. his new way of demonstration. — I must confess I can find out no ground for this his suspicion that the gall was petrified, nor will any wise man think it a sufficient proof. Had he told us of the signs of it, in all probability they must have been of ●he same size with those of the Jaundice. The Jaundice he fancied, and that is all the sign we have of it, but ●●ece it appeared not, it gave him ground of suspicion, etc. I will leave it to any man of reason to judge of, and especially to those of our faculty.  
The Alderman I well remember ●ayed at Scarb. about sixteen days, and ●he water passed well with him, yet in that space his gall is suspected to be ●●trified.— Why! this is as speedy 〈◊〉 petrification as that which was made to himself in his kidneys, and far quicker than that which is made by the Dropping-well, and it's to be suspected to gratify him further in his jealousy, 'twill become as speedy as that of the Spring at Clarmont, and so by that time a draught of this water get down, it will turn into a stone in the stomach. But I wonder all this ●hile that he does not name the Alderman, being his Neighbour and Patient, ●nd so have gained it under his hand, which doubtless would have added greater force and authority to his attestation.  
But to give a true account of this case, I shall relate what I have from the Alderman himself though he is not willing to be named. He writes to me, that he was advised by Dr. Tonstal to go to Scarb. telling him it was good for his goutish distemper, with which he had been grievously afflicted, the water's operating very well during his stay. About a month after his return home, he was afflicted with an indigestion and purging which confined him to his chamber his stools being of a white colour; this Dr. T. said was a symptom of the Jaundice, and another Physician prescribed him some Chalybeate drinks which did him good, to which Dr. T. added some drops which he called the Essence of Steel, and blamed the petrifying waters of Scarb. for it, though h● worthy Alderman says it was but his bare assertion, neither was he persuaded that his infirmity did deserve that denomination, having never had any the least symptom of that disease, nor ca● he say that the water was the cause of that Malady.— But I pray what ground is here for him to say the Gall was petrified, or that it was Jaundice, or that the Water drunk a month before was in fault. It seems rather to have been a Flux arising from the debility and indigestion of the stomach, than any thing else, and 'tis well he cured, though he did not know wha●.  

Of the Merchant's wife.  His third instance to prove the Spa to breed the Jaundis is of like force and Authority with those precedent: It is of a Merchant's wife with child, who after some few days drinking of this water at Scarbrough, and within _____ days after she gate home was taken with a pain in her Right side (p. 41) Phlebotomy was thrice ordered, than an Antimonial v●mit, yet (says he) so obdurated was the Gall by the Petrifying property of Scarb. Water, as I suspected, that none other sign appeared of the Jaundice, but a return of her pain three or four times over, at length a ternary Spirit of Wine. Niter and Mercury Elixerated dissolved the congealed Choler, and then did the disease shine forth in it Saffron Colour; after three recidivations she was plucked out of the jaws of death, beyond the hopes of all her Friends.  
Let us now examine the Case of this Patient as 'tis here laid down by Dr. T. Who because he is so severely bend from this disease to deduce an Argument against the Spa, I shall take the more liberty to consider of it, and do not at all doubt to evince, that this Argument is as weak as those that preceded, and altogether groundless; Yea that he laboured under a grievous mistake in reference both to his Diagnosticks about this disease, and also the cure.  
☞ It is a Woman with Child, and as I am certainly informed from them that know, betwixt five and fix Months gone. The disease is the Obduration of the Gall, the Cause whereof is the Petrifying Property of the Spa; the Evidence or Proof— as he suspected— To this was joined the Jaundice, this proved by a return of pain in her Right fide three or four times over. The Remedies were Phlebotomy unto 36 ounces, as I am ascertained by them that made Observation, than an Antimonial vomit, and lastly a Mountebank Medicine of fiery hot Spirits of Wine. Niter and Mercury Elixerated does the feat, and the Saffron Colour appears in the Skin.  

Of the Obduration of the Gall & Jaundice.  I pray what proof is here of the Obduration of the Gall more than what we had in the Alderman's Case, (to wit) his Suspicion, which is a new way of demonstration, which I do wonder he would offer now the second time to public view. And what have we to prove the Jaundice? Why, nothing but his Jealousy— a return of pain in the side three or four times over— I wonder where he learned, or over read of this to be a Sign of the Jandice; I dare say neither out of Hypocrates nor Helmount his two great Lights, no nor out of any solid Author.  
As to the means he used for the Cure of this Patient (to wit) to take blood in one so far gone with Child, three times over, unto 36. Ounces besides the Vomit; I'll not join with the Women in Censuring him: The Case might be extraordinary, and then Extremis Morbis Extrema Remedia. Yet this I shall say, a Physician had need be upon a very sure ground, that in such a Critical case as this was, shall go in an extraordinary method,— But I must confess I cannot but laugh at his Medicine. The D●sease was a violent Fever with an Acute pain in a part, and here is a violent, hot Medicine, which must needs inflame the part more, and increase both the Fever and its Symptoms, and so bring on Relapses. Besides that Niter in the Spa in suspected to have petrifyed the Gall, and Congealed the Choler, and here Niter is fancied to be the dissolvent. I am sorry I am forced to point at these things, but I cannot avoid it, since they lie in my wa●.— But really it is such a H●dgpotch of Art, as I never met with before.  

Dr. T. under a gross mistake.  I am afraid my Friend will suffer more from his Brethren in the Faculty about this Disease, and its Sign, Symptoms and C●re expressed than he did by the Women abou● so often bleeding and vomiting this Gentlewoman. The truth is, I had good grounds of Jealousy by his Description of the Case, that he was mistaken in the disease, and therefore I writ to a Friend at Newcastle, that had oppertunities of Observation, enquiring if there were not joined to the rest of Symptoms mentioned by him, a bilious Vomiting and a Singultus: The return I had was that they were both joined. This did ascertin me that the disease was an Inflammation of the Liver, which had beguiled him all the while; and no marvel she relapsed so often since the Remedies were so hot. Had he consulted Hypocrates, he would have counselled him to another Method, namely cooling and opening Medicine●. So Galen, Paulus, Celsus.  
But its may be he will say, he does not approve of the old Method, but uses hot things in Fevers.— It appears so indeed; In the mean time that Patient is to be pitied that must be so treated. I have had occasion to speak to this point in my Answer to Hydrol. Chim. (p. 139.) and therefore I'll say no more now, since there is little danger of any young Students to become Proselytes to our Author, that shall observe either his description of Diseases, or the Success of his Medicines.  
But the Truth of the story is this. It was taken at the first for a Pleurisy, and so was managed for twenty days, till the method proving altogether ineffectual, Other Physicians were called into Consultation, who modestly confess they looked upon the disease as desperate, little Room being left for Action; and do therefore blame Dr. T. for challenging to himself the honour of this Cure, which was due to God alone, who beyond all hopes, and in defect of due means, does oftentimes grant a Signal Recovery.  
Nor is there any the least ground to think that either the Gall was obdurated; or the Choler congealed; but even the diffusion of the Choler into the Skin does still more plainly evince, that it was no other than the Phlegmon or Inflammation of the Liver, which happening in the Declination or latter end of the Fever afforded a good Judication, and that the Fever would soon terminate.  
Now because it shall appear that I offer nothing of my own private opinion in this particular; I will produce the Testimony of some of our Principal W●iters in P●●●sick, to prove that Symptoms here reckoned up as conconcurring in this Patient, do most certainly denote the Inflammation of the Liver, and no other disease. And ●f a Physician mistake the disease, he must undoubtedly fail of the Cure, or hazard the Patient with frequent Relapses. And in this I refer to the Judgement of all the Learned Brethren of our Faculty.  

Of the inflammation of the Liver.  Aretaeus (lib. 3. de re med. Cap. a Morbo Regio) Expresses it thus. Saint [M●rbus Regius] cumfebre & biliosis ejectionibus fiat, & gravitas sit circa dextrum praecordium, inflammatio fervens judicatur ipsius Hepatis, ob quam bilescens Sanguis per totum Corpus fertur. To which I'll add that of Cornelius Celsus (lib. 2. de re med. cap. 7)) Frequent Singultus & praeter consuetudinem continuus, jecur inflammatum esse significat; and a little after,— Si Hepar inflammatum est, dolour in communiomnibus adest in dextro Hypochondrio, transiens sursum ad Claviculam (this I guess made our Author think it to be a pleurisy.) D●orsum ad spurias usque Costas, ebris acuta, tusses siccae, sitis, cibi inappetentia, spirandi difficultas, & alvus Suppressa est. And Actius reckoning up the signs of the Inflammation of the Liver, mentions these— Febris acuta inaequalis, spirandi difficultas, tussiculae parvae ut plurimum siccae, vomitiones biliosae, Costae ut plurimum condolitant, Corporis Color Subvertitur, & in Arquati speciem permutatur, singult●s quoque consequuntur.— From hence nothing can more plainly appear, then that this disease was in truth the Inflammation of the Liver; The yellow colour of the skin being one sign among the rest, coming in the close of the fever, and consequently it was not the effect of the Spa, but of the Phlegmon of the Part,  
And as he mistook in his Diagnosticks or judging of the disease, so I must in kindness to him and his Business for the future, (if he will accept it so) let him know, that he was out of his Therapeuticks or the Remedies, that ternary Spirit of Wine, Niter. etc. Being as improper as any thing he could have pitched upon, which who so uses in like case, must expect nothing less than a long disease, as this proved to be, and frequent Relapses, to the extreme hazard of the Patient's life. Ad calidam Hepatis intemperiem utendum ●sset perfrigerantibus, & corroborantibus Viscus moderate, etc. A Vino in totum Aegri abstineant, ni ob aliam Cansam nempe stomachi debilitatem utantur, & tunc ten & parum aquae fet●ns aquosum ipsis detur. So says Paulus Aegineta (de re med. c. 46. the hep. effect) Here a cooling diet is prescribed, and Wine wholly forbidden, and much more Spirit of Wine.  
Thus I have sifted these three Cases, which he brings in to pro●e that this water caused the Jaundice, or petrifyed the Gall, and have found them all very weak, and not to have been bottomed on Reason or Verity.  

The Spa cures the Jaundice.  I● I were disposed and it were needful to bring instances of Experience in this point. I could multiply Cures of the Jaundice by this water. I shall content myself with two for brevity sake. Sir John Legards Lady of Ganton within a few miles of Scarb. had a Jaundice that long resisted Remedies in a Rational Method, and was perfectly cured by the Spa in a few days, being thereto recommended by another Lady, who had Experienced a Cure in the same Disease; and this consented to by Dr. Arnold her Physician, who knew it to be a Rational advice.  
Mr. William Hodgson Minister of Scarbrough was for the space of 〈◊〉 years, ever and anon falling into the Jaundice, especially Spring and Fall nay, one time it continued upon him almost all the year, notwithstanding his Endeavours after a Cure: I Since he was settled at Scarb. which is now about four years, he has found a perfect Cure by the Spa.  
But seeing our Author is so extremely severe, as that he has so f●● stretched to prove this water to be obstructive, I judge it very pertinent here to tell a story, which to him is Argumentum ad hominem.  
In anno 1668. Dr. Tonstal came to ☜ me at Scarb. 
A rare cure of Dr. 't's Wife.  pretending his only business was to take my advice about his Wife, whose belly never fell after a Child that she had born, not could he with all his Art take it down, notwithstanding he had used much means about it, as he told me. If (said he) you can advise to any method that may 〈◊〉 it, or you think the Spa may conduce thereto, for you understand it better than I who am a stranger to it, than I will send for her, else I'll return forthwith.— To be short, after some queries which I made, being resolved— I advised him to send for her not doubting of ●●cure; so he did, and within one week she came by sea from Newcastle. Then he brought her to me, with whom I had some conference while we took three or four turns upon the sands. I advised her Husband to give her some preparatives, and something ●se with the water to further the intention. After a few days her bodies did lace close, that could not meet within three or four inches before. She continued to drink a month, and returned perfectly well, and so continues to this day, free from all swelling, it being near ●hree years since. But we have not a syllable of this in his Book.  

He is unthankful.  Now this water that could open the Lact●ae, and small veins of the mesentery, which was the means of this cure, how can it be thought to be an obstructive water, and to breed the Jaundice? I leave it to the judgement of wise and impartial men, nay to himself to pause on, the Cure being sufficiently known at Newcastle. Certainly its an ill requital which here he makes to the Spa for that excellent Cure, and he is extremely disingenuous.  
Nothing is more ordinary then to see (at these waters) those that are corpulent, taken down in their bellies more or less, even sometimes a span, when they are willing to follow advice, that some few other medicine may be joined to further the intention, which could not possibly be done if it were obstructive. Nor is there a better thing in nature for taking away the relics of all inveterate Agues, 
It cures Agues.  which sufficiently makes it out to be aperitive.  
It is found in daily experience to be very beneficial against the Scurvy refining the Blood, 
So the Scurvy  strengthening the natural parts, and correcting all the symptoms of it, which fully evinces it to be of a deoppilative or opening virtue: Besides the purging property which all along he acknowledges, is directly contrary to the obstructive.  
An aged Gentleman Mr. Christopher adam's of Camelsford in Yorkshire, seventy three years old, well known to our Author himself, in vexation against these frivolous cavils of his, offers me this his testimony, which he accounts himself obliged in justice to give. viz. That for six years together he was miserably tormented with pain in his legs, feebleness in his knees, frequent faintings, and a dry itch over all his skin. He had advised with several Physicians, who had ordered him Diet-drinks, Diaphoreticks, Ointments, etc. but without any success at all. He came at length to Scarb. and upon drinking of that water found perfect ease in all these said symptoms. He had also been sore afflicted with dizziness in his head, and loss of memory; his understanding also was sometimes so clouded, that he could not discern the quarters of Heaven, or know the E●st from the West, and sometimes was wont to fall. By the use of the Spa he recovered out of all the said symptoms, and never had any fi●s since considerable; for prevention whereof he has continued his annual visits at Scarbrough these seven years, though he lives at forty mile's distance.  

Dr T. is censured by the Women.  But I may not pass it over that out Author tells us he fell under the obloquy and censure of the women for ●i● severity to the Merchant's Wife we mentioned even now, which puts him to his vindication, (p. 42.) where he bids them take notice that it is his principle when he sees his duty, to pursue it to the hazard of his credit, etc.— I do indeed take him to be an honest man, and a faithful Physician, and here to clear up all scruple, we have it now the second time under his own hand; For (p. 14.) he had told his Friends, he gave no worse counsel to them then he took himself, and wishes that all Physicians were bound with his girdle— and here he will hazard his credit in the doing of his duty— What can a man say more to make out his integrity? though honesty tends little to the curing of diseases, but that its necessary a Physician endeavour after other accomplishments, that he may understand aright both the nature of Diseases, lest he mistake one for another, and also the matter of Physic that he may apply suitable remedies: Yet it is so valuable a qualification, that all persons that are ingenious, know how precious a thing a good name is, when they see it so eminently appear, should forbear to be censorious, especially when they are not able to discern but that he may be in the right, otherwife it is the greatest discouragement that a Physician can fall under.  

He taxes his Brethren.  Had our Author desisted here he had been much more innocent, but having justified himself he condemns his Brethren of the Faculty. And though (says he) I be singular in this point from the most of my Brethren, whose wisdom it is to secure themselves from an evil report, by doing nothing in a doubtful case, yet I have not so learned Christ.  
How suits this with Reason or Religion, when he is blaming the Women for their rash censuring of him, that with the same breath he should censure others? while he tells us he is singular in this point from the most of his Brethren, does it not savour too much like that of the Pharisee, I am not like this Publican? what man's wisdom can suffice to secure himself from an evil report, when some men's pens or tongues are so lavish as we find them? doubtless he that has learned Christ aright, will take care to manifest it in love and charity towards others, and Charity judges the best, and censures no man.  
Again in such doubtful Cases it's ever the safest for a Physician to call in for the Advice and help of his Brethren, and not to hazard the precious life of any person in making dubious and private Experiments. And what hopes can a Patient have from a consultation of Physicians, when they are not in Charity one with another?  
In this his severe Censure, I would hope he does not fix it upon his Brethren at a distance, whose practice he knows not: And as for those that are near about him, I know several of them so well, that I must needs say, I think there is not any cause, why they should be excluded from having an equal Magnanimity with himself in this point.  
But there is one thing I may not overlook (p. 38.) he tells us he was present at Physick-Lecture in London, where the Professor discoursing of the Jaundice, brought forth three or four Stones that had been bred in the Gall, which he had caused a Gentltwoman to void (by stool) with a sharp Dose of working Physic.— I am afraid our Author was mistaken in the Professors Discourse for what passage is there from the Gall to the Guts to convey Stones, and how could he think by any Dose of Physic to excite Nature to expel them out of the Gall? I suspect the Ductus Cholid chu● will not afford sufficient passage for Stones, (which sometimes I have seen to be very large, and in the form of a race of Ginger) no more than the small veins of the Mesentery will admit of Sand or Gravel to pass into the Kidneys, to become the matter of stones there.  

Of the Gout.  (P. 43. He accuses it to be ill for the Gout, and citys his own Case, that it made him go limping a Fortnight after.— But I suspect he takes Non Causam pro Causa, but in this as in every thing else, he makes himself both Plaintiff, and Witness, and Judge. This is so much contrary to the property of it as Water, which is a good Preservative against the Gout, and as such a water, that is impregnated with those Mineral Principles in which we are agreed, that it deserves no further Reply.— Besides the Experience myself, who have had some gentle fits of the Gout, and several others who have ever found it a good Preventative, even when there has been some inclination to it by cooling the Mass of Blood, and correcting and purging the Acrimonious Hamours; only I ever join some other thing to further the intention.  

The Spa needs preparatives.  (P. 44.) He says no Spa in the World has less need of Preparatives, and more need of Purges then this, and that he never observed that any at the first morning Draught wanted a speedy passage by the back door.— Herein I declare his Observation to come short, for though it ordinarily it fails not to pass through at the first, yet some Constitutions there are especially especially such as are Melancholic, and others whose Bodies o'er wont to be Constipated, especially women in whom it will scarce find passage in a day or two, in such there is an absolute Necessity of Preparatives. The water is indeed nimble and sometimes has wrought ten days together, while yet it has but made a furrow through the out'ts, and has left all the Excrementitious humours behind it, the party finding therein no benefit at all, when with a Cathartick I used, he voided Cherry-stones, whereas for those ten days he had eaten no Cherries. Besides, although we could be assured that it would pass freely, yet as for those that come with any Chronical Disease of which they expect to find a Cure, there is a necessity both to prepare the body, and also to furnish the Patient with other Concomitant Medicincs to be used with the waters, suitable to the Malady and the Patient's Constitution, otherwise notwithstanding the daily working of the water, they may return as they came.  
Nor is it possible for me to lay down Rules to suit every Case, though I should run out into a Volume; those depend upon daily Observation, and frequent converse with the Patient, on which account I have been usually there every Summer these twenty years and upwards, and So may probably continue at the due season while God spares me life and Health. In the mean time I must take leave to refer the kind Reader to what I have said more at large upon this point of direction in the use of the Spa in my Book called Scarbrough Spa, Edit. 2.  

The inconsistency of his Assertions.  Now the eminent purging property which here he confesses to be in the Water, doth make it much more safe in those very cases wherein he has charged it to be faulty, than other waters of this kind, which pass not by siege, but only work by Urine, (as they express it) which Wine, Whey, or any other kind of liquor will do.  
First, in regard of the Stone; Hereby are the gross and slimy Humours that lie on this side the Kidneys in a good measure cast out by the Bowels, and the Patient is secured from an Ischuria or total stopping of Urine, which has too frequently happened at other waters that over pass by Urine; The slimy water being carried by the sole Diuretic property of those waters upon the narrow passages of Urine, and thereupon has ensued a total stopping, to the speedy ruin of the Patient, whereas (God be praised) such a ease never happened at Scarlrough.  
Secondly, hereby not only the gross Excrementitious Humours, but also the Stone-filings (if I should grant any such thing to be in the Water) must be carried down the broad way by the Bowels, and so cannot possibly be thrown upon the narrow passages, to become the Material cause of a stone in the Body.  
Thirdly, this purging property does quite Overtthrow what before he had asserted concerning the waters Obstructive property, for 'tis impossible that the same thing should be so eminently Purgative and also Obstructive to cause the Jaundice.  
Fourthly, that Property which he charges on it, as that it causes the Gout, cannot possibly consist with this that here he asserts concerning the speedy Purging, especially while we consider what he acknowledged in p. 25. to wit, that it purges well a month together, and what further he will tell us p. 62. that it may endanger a Discentery; For purging is owned by all, and prescribed as a special Remedy against the Gout, either to prevent or to Cure it.  
And therefore seeing he had projected to fix so severe a Charge upon the Spa, I wonder he did not take care so to draw it up, as that one piece might not enterfer with and confute another.  

Of Vitiral and Iron.  (Pag. 45. He would pretend to deny Vitriol and Iron to be in the Spa; so did Mr. S. and at length recanted, and so will he perhaps in time. But both these I have sufficiently proved in my Book of Scar, Spa, and have enlarged upon them both in my Answer to Hydrol. Chim. and have further made it out from the Testimony of good Authors that have treated on such Subjects, and more particularly of the Chemical Writers, that the Acidity, Inky smell, and black Tincture from Gall are certain and undeniable Arguments to prove Vitriol. I will not trouble the Reader with a repetion of what there I have said, but do refer him to my Book. Nay further within these two years our Author himself was abundantly convinced of the presence of them both.  
I deny not but Nitre may contribute some Acidity to Water, (as he says p. 59) though I exclude the Spirit of Nitre as extraneous to our Subject.— As for his experiment which he propounds to parallel the smell of Scar. Spa, concerning which (he says) he will forfeit his Nose, if it do not stink worse than the Alome-pans at Whithy; I wonder to find him so zealous in this Point, to fix a stinking smell upon that water, when there are so many thousands to confute him, I am persuaded not a Country in England but it affords many that are able to contradict him in this. And therefore; though hence it may appear he has lost his Smell, yet I should be hearty sorry, that for so small a mistake my friend should forfeit his Nose.  
The very truth is, it has a perfect Vitrioline smell, which no man will deny, save those that prosecute a design of contradiction, which being once engaged in, they are not willing to give over, notwithwanding all grounds of Conviction that can be imagined, and with which most wise and Learned men of our Nation have been fully satisfied.  
And whereas he tells (p. 54.) of a Water at Hunwick, near which Ironstone is digged; that receives a Tincture with Gall, as highly as Soar. Spa, (though its mention makes nothing to his purpose.) Why may not that have the Vitriol of Iron in it, especially seeing the Iron stone is so nigh. However & quae non prosunt singular juncta juvant. Since all these Properties (to wit) its Acidity, Vitrioline smell, and ting Blackwith Gall are all met together, it makes an undeniable Argument that here is Vitriol.  

Dr. T. has changed his mind.  I do seriously profess, that when in Anno 1668. Dr. T. came first to Scarb. he owned both the Votriol and the Iron beside the rest, having conviction from the reasons which I gave him, and fell into admiration to see so many excellent Minerals meet in that place, which gave me occasion to mention it in my Answer to Hydrol. Ghim. (p. 107.) with more sincere respect to him then now he deserves, since he has so ●a●selefly changed his mind. But he that on such slender grounds can affirm at this rate, as we have found in this his Book, may as easily deny what he will. That which was Vitriol last year is this year become Nitre.— Well! I have proved Vitriol to be in it by such Arguments as Learned men have contented themselves withal in the like Cases▪ and by an Induction of the inseparable properties of Vitriol, which I discern in the water, and that or large in former Books, yet because I would do somewhat more for this my Friend's Conviction, I shall ex ●bundanti cast him in one Author more; and he a Chemist too; it is Petrus Johaennes Faber in his Hydrog. Spagy. 
Fabers Testimony.  lib. 1. cap. 9 p. 39) where treating of Springs that have imbibed Sulphur, Vitriol, etc. Nigrescit (says he) borum Fontium liquor, si gallae in pulverem redastae in ipsum fontis liquorem proijciantur, quol vitriolum verum ac certum testatur, to wit, The waters of these Fountains turn black if the powder of Galls be put into it, and that is as true and undoubted Testimony that there is Vitriol in it.  
So again (lib. 2. c 11 p. 164. The same Author telling of two Springs at Vi●le Comt, ●n the Country of Avernus in France, the one called Lafoy Fountain du Cornet, the other La Fountain du Rocker, he says, they are both of one Notur, and have a Vitriol in them, which he proves by two Arguments that we have been mentioning, (vid.) their Taste, and their black Tincture with G●l.— Habent secum vitriolum dissolutum, ut ex gustu ipsam equm in atramentum: quae fique vera sunt & legitima admix● Vitrioli, which are says he, the true and legitimate signs of Vitriol. Besides the admirable virtue which he reports to be in those Springs, for opening the Obstuctions of the L●ver, Spleen and Messentery, and for the purging of viscous humours, (eminently true in this of ours of Scarb.) at the length be adds— Nullus fere morbus dari potest, quin hisce aquis curari possit— You can scarce name any disease (says he) which may not he cured with these waters.  
Now why we should forfeit our reason, and Spurn at the solid Judgement of Learned Writers in all Ages and parts of the World, who have thus contented themselves to speak concerning this thing, and submittere fasces to the Magisterial Dictates and Resolutions of some selfconceited Opinions, I see no ground for it. And though I cannot say with Faber that this Spa cures all diseases, Yet I am certain it is far more innocent than his Springs, which he confesses do provoke vomit, and sometimes purge unto blood; on which account he mixes ordinary Spring water with them to correct the Acrimony of the Vitriol. And this I shall further say, that no Spring in Europe hitherto discovered, may be further improved for the Cure of Rebellious diseases than this, as may appear by the particulars I have mentioned in my Book on the Spa, as also these I have now expressed on this ocacasion: Nor I think can the wit of man invent a better Composition, then by Divine Providence is here adapted for the good of mankind.  
(Page 54.) He says no Vitriol but that which is Ferrugineum will take a tincture from Gall.— I would fain know then how it comes to pass that white Vitriol will make Ink, is this ferrugineum, or made out of Iron? surely no, ●●t I am sure it will make Ink. Will he fall out with the Author of Hydrol. Chymica, who (p. 5.) makes Vitriol of Iron, and white Vitriol really to differ?— However he makes this an argument to exclude both Vitriol and Iron out of the number of the Mineral Principles, owning nothing but Nitre and the Glebe of Alum, both which I have sufficiently proved in my former Books, to the full satisfaction (I hope) of every impartial Reader.  
He says (p. 49.) that he saw a piece of Alome-stone which the Chemical Apothetary took out of the Earth near the Spa, which with Gall gave a black tincture to Spring-water.— I am afraid the Apothecary was too nimble for the Doctor, and took that Stone out of the Vitrioline Bed, which I mention (p. 44.) of my Answer, which indeed will Tincture because it is impregnated with Vitriol (as also with the Earth in that Bed, from whence he may as well infer, that all sorts of Earth will with Gall give a Tincture to Water) whereas the many hundred loads of Alome-Stone, or Earth, that is there besides will give no tincture, excepting in one other place within a few yards of the Spa▪ where I found another bed of Vitriol last year. But of this I have said enough in that Book.  
He contents himself with proving Knaresb. Spa to be Vitrioline (p. 57) by the yellow colour wherewith the Bas●n and Spout of that Spring are tinctured, which he calls Crocus Martis; and the like (he says) may be observed in every Runner near the head of any Vitrioline or Chalybeate Spring.— I now appeal to his own eyes, whether it be not so at Scarbrough?— But whether this be a good Argument to prove Vitriol i● matters not much, Learned Writers mentioning no such sign of Vitriol but rather that it denotes Iron. However if it be at all convincing, as to him it is, then à fortiori it makes eminently for Scarbrough, because it has a deeper dye than that at Knaresbr. having also the substance of that which he calls Crocus Martas, not to be found in the other.  

Of the Pinfold.  But while he is debating upon these two Minerals of Vitriol and Iron, and the Tincture which the Water takes with Gall, he makes himself merry with me, while he fancies to have gotten me into a Pinfold, (p. 54.) Why may not I be merry too since I have found the way out? I wonder where my good Brother learned the Art of making a Pinfold. I have read of two famous Pinfolds, one at Wakefield, where sometimes dwelled a very stout and sturdy Pinner, of whom we have an ancient merry song in York shire. Another was made at Gotam, where the wise men of that Town did put themselves to a great charge and trouble to impound the Cuckoo, 
The Author's Antagonist Mr. S. lives at Wakefield.  which quickly overtopped the Pinfold, and left the Builders in a maze to bewail their folly. From which of these he derives his Craft, I know no. But the former could not hold me, I am very well delivered with my bones whole. And the latter I doubt not to creep through or overtop, unless it be made with more Art than yet I can discover in the framing.  
(Page 5●.) He is discoursing about the Earth, which I mention p. 14. that falling from the Cliff near the Spa, is converted into an Ironstone, and is fusible in the fire.— This he is not pleased withal, but declares his opinion of it, which I must confess I cannot make good sense, unless the Reader help me, To me (says he) it doth appear to be a reddish Earth dissolved with the N●troaluminous Salt, and petrified in the Sun and Air to a hard lump.— Here is Earth dissolved with Salt, and petrified! What shall I say? Si non vult intelligi debet negligi.  
But I return. 
Dr. T. is magisterial.  P. 49. he determines Magisterially.— I say 'tis only the Alome-stone that gives the Tincture— Let Experience prove it. Take Alome-Stone unburnt, powder it, add Spring-water sharpened with Spirit of Nitre, that it may dissolve it— put Gall to it, and it gives you the same Tincture.— Alas! This with much more that I have met with in this piece is borrowed from my Antagonist. to whom I gave Answer fully and at large, nor does he wield the Club much better, or has any new guard. I say again what have we to do here with the Spirit of Nitre to dissolve the Alom-stone? Let him keep to his Sample, in Scar. Spa, there is no Spirit of Nitre, nor any Fire to Extract it. Indeed Nitre there is, and to that let him hold close: But I assure him that neither the Nitre that Sweats out of the earth near the well, not yet our ordinary Nitre of the Shops d ssolved in water, to which let be joined Alome-stone Crude or Calcined (though we have nothing to do with latter here) or if he pleases join perfect Alum, made either with Kelp and Urine, or without them; I say these mix together shall never qualify Water, to take a a black Tincture from Gall it Vitrial be away. And this that I say any man shall find to be true, if he put it to Experiment. So that upon the whole matter, my first Thesis strands firm, and unshaken, that it is the Vitriol alone, that gives the black Tincture with Gall, and consequently that Scarb. Spa is a Vitrioline Spring.  
Object. But now comes our Author with his battering Ram, with which he not only shakes the building, but races even the Foundation of Scar. Spa, while yet he pretends to be its great Friend. (p. 45. If (says he) the Esurine Sp●rit of Vitriol be joined with the Volati●e Spirit of Nitre in the Water, how does it differ from Aqua Fortis, which is a deadly Corrosive? And if it be said these are not all, there is Alum and Salt also; This makes it worse, even an Aqua Regia, which will corrod●●● Gold, and consequently it must be poison.  
Answ. I answer; Methink he deals with the Spa as Joab did with Abner, of whom its sad, 2 Sam. 3.27. That he took him a side to speak with him peaceably, or as a Friend, and then he smote him into the fifth Ril. Is this a token of his Friendship to make it poisonous? I am glad his W●fe lives to confute him. If it will but dissolve a stone in the body, no matter whether it will dissolve Gold or no. I say again what have we to do with the Spirits of Vitriol and Nitre, and what aims he to prove by his First. Second, and Thirdly? What though Vitriol and Nitre distilled together raise a Corrosive Spirit? So will Rye-bread Distilled afford an extreme Corrosive Spirit that will dissolve Metal, if he will trust Master boil—  
Such alteration does fire make in it, and what though, since the World knows its wholesome, we are not afraid of those Spirits in the wate●, I am certain they are but Phantasms, and signify nothing.  
Here we find a Water which many thousand of persons of all ages and both Sexes have liberally drunk of for these forty years, with excellent success in the Cure of great diseases, when they were well advised, and followed counsel) working without Griping or the least C●rr●sion, and purging without Superpurgation. In a word many hundreds there are who will give this or a further Testimony, when occasion shall be offered, and tell the World that all his Reasoning to the contrary is but frivolous.  

Another Charge  And this Leads me to the last charge, which is the Sting in the Tail, and if it be proved makes it an unpardonable fault, to wit, that the duplicated Salt may be in danger to corrode the Bowls, and cause a dysentery.— I am afraid some would have it see. But 'tis enough that he has said it, for as he has not solidly proved any thing against it, so he does not attempt to do it here, And as he does not, So neither can I. No water in the world is more safe than this in that very point. The Conjunction of Alum and Iron, two Astringents, with the other that are Attenuating and Penetrative, as I have proved to conduce to the better fortifying of the Liver, and other Natural parts, So they contribute to the safeguard of the Belly from Fluxes. which never happen to them that do drink regularly at the Fountain. Nay I have often known inveterate dysenteries and other Fluxes cured by it.  

A rate cure in a Flux.  Silvester Sympson of Driffield Yorksh. had a bloody Flux eight years, so as he all that Space was forced to rise to stool every night three or four times; It had resisted all other means he had attempted. He went to Scarb. and was cured perfectly in two or three days with the water alone.  
This I have examined what may seem to be material in his Book, only omitting some impertinencies, and angry Expressions as not worthy to be reflected on. I am of opinion that an angry fit is very wholesome for some Constitutions, though it may make a man uneasy to his Company for the present, and those that come within his reach: Yet when the Ebullition of Choler is over, it leaves a man in a far more Sedtae temper of mind for a good while after, then before he was wont to be, and more gay and Complacent in his humour to others. If my Friend having given his Spleen this vent, be the better for it in his Cranium, I should be very glad; as indeed I am informed, he did seem to be much pleased with what he had done in this P●ece, 
〈◊〉 XII  and became more frolic then formerly.  
(P. 45.) It appears by the last Paragraph of his Book that he had some persuasion that herein he has performed some rare piece of Art, 
Dr. T. is conceited of so e merit in his Piece  wherein he expects to be applauded by me, for he citys a place out of my Answer to Mr. S. p. 2, 8) where my words are, that if Mr. S. hath any thing to m●ke out in point of Art, I would never go about to Eclipse his Honour and Reputation in it, but would thank him— And this our Author adds, that as I am a man of my word, He expects thus much from me. I answer, I cannot but approve a piece of Art, where ever I find it, and as I shall perform my word to Mr. S. who is alone concerned in that promise, so in Justice I shall not deny it to him when I see it. B●t as for this P●ece I ●ee not the least point of Art in it, from the beginning to the end. I refer it to the Learned and impartial Reader to judge betwixt u●. Nay I prof●s● seriously were I conscious that these his Pretended discoveries were true, and that there were any real ground for this his Carping at this water, (though there be nothing of Art in the making of them out) I would let him ride●ion with his Honour and thank him to boot. But being assured of his total mistake, and having so made it out. I must needs let him know, that all his Persuasion of Merit in this P●ece is but a Melancholic Fancy, and is so far from deserving applause, that somewhiles I have thought it needed not, nor deserved an Answer, since there are many hundreds that do but laugh when they read it, being able to confute it from their own Observation; and among them some of his own Neighbours and Patients, who have expressed their admiration, what frame he was in when he writ this Book.  
Now because there are some that are not able to judge of the force of Arguments, I shall for their sakes add thus much. That as I desire in all things to be found faithful as becomes me, either as a Physician or a Christian; so in this dispute I aim not so much at Victory as Truth, which in Conscience and Reputation, (especially being called to it so often by name) I think myself obliged to defend, in the maintenance of the Fame of this most excellent Spring, against the groundless cavils of this Gentleman. Nor do I think that there is a more innocent Water of this kind in the World, at this day discovered, in the very particulars he has charged in withal, in all which cases I declare it in my Observation and Experience to be most Excellent. And further that the most tender Constitutions need not dread it, provided it suit their Maladies, for regularly used, it revives both the Vital and Natural Faculties, and in such I have ever had the most stupendious Cures. Only let not such adventure on it without very good advice, and daily Inspection of some Physician at hand, in whom they may confide, taking it also at the Fountain.  
I shall conclude with a story that I meet with in Plutarch's; One Philippides an excellent Commedian had pleased the King Lysimachus very well, ●o so much as the King asked Philippides, Quid è meis Rebus tibi impertiam, What boon shall I give thee? He answered, Quidvis O Rex, Modo nequid Arcanorum, What you please, only tell me no Secrets.— I do still profess myself to be a Friend to Dr. Tunstal, and am ready to make it out in any Civil Kindness, only (I hope) he will not henceforth expect that I tell him any Secret.  
FINIS.