THE Times Mended: OR, A RECTIFIED ACCOUNTED OF TIME, BY A New Luni-Solar Year; THE TRUE WAY TO Number our Days. By R. W. LL. D. Fellow of the ROYAL SOCIETY. Ad AUTHOREM. Ad minimum revocas Errores Temporis: O si Corrigeres Mores Temporis 〈◊〉 F. D. LONDON, Printed by E. Tyler, and R. Holt, for jonath. Robinson and Ben. Tooke, both in S. Paul's Churchyard. 1681. A NEW-YEAR'S GIFT: OR, THE TRUE WAY TO Number our Days, AND KNOW THE TIMES: WITH AN ACCOUNT How they have been, and how they may be farther Mended. ALL Nations we have had any Commerce with, even those called Barbarous, being found to reckon their Time one way or other, and ordinarily by the most equable Motions or Revolutions of the greatest Heavenly Luminaries, (at least, appearing so to us) such universal Consent seems to imply some considerable use or conveniency of such Reckoning. As for Example, to count their own Age, and the Ages of their Friends or Relations, their memorable Actions or Accidents, or those of their Country, or Governors: To date their Civil Contracts and Agreements; of which, if one or both parts were to be performed at any determinate future day or time, to mark when, or how long it would be before that time or day was to come. And in many such other like Instances the mesuring of Time is so much employed by all men, that it seems to be one of those Properties or Characters that distinguish Men from Beasts; and therefore the more worthy of our Inquiry. But though all Nations seem thus to conspire in the Use of the Thing, yet have they not all, nor the same Nation at all times, used the same Standard or Way of Reckoning: For besides the shorter measure of a Day or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which they all reckoned by, the number of days in larger Accounts, proved too great to be remembered; and therefore they found it expedient to use some longer measure also; as of Months, or Circuits of the Moon; or of Years, that is Circuits or Revolutions of the Sun; or both. Now according to the different apprehensions or opinions which several people had of the length or quantity of the Revolutions of those Luminaries which made their Months or Years; that is, how many days made a complete Month or Year; or what greater number of days made such a complete number of Months or Years, the length of the Month or Year was different in several Ages and Countries: some thought the Year consisted of just 360 days, and therefore probably they divided the Ecliptic (or the supposed Line in the Heavens in which the Sun appears to perform his Yearly Course) into 360 equal parts or degrees, according to which the Egyptian King made an huge Circle or Ring of Gold in the Sun's Temple, so divided; they likewise thought the Moon's Circuit to consist of just 30 days, and so made three Months in a Quarter of a Year, and twelve Months in the Year, (12 times 30 making 360) and consequently they divided the Zodiac into twelve parts, or Signs. Others thought there were but 28 days in the Month, which they divided into Quarters, consisting of 7 days each, which probably was the original of Weeks; But After-Ages found there were more than 360 Days in the Year, and so they added 5 days; others finding the Solar Year yet too short, added a quarter of a day more, which in four Years makes a whole Day, called the Leap day, or Bissextile, by julius Caesar, upon the Advice of his Astronomer Sosigenes, who yet only took the measures of Calippus, a Grecian, designed for another purpose; thus was the julian Year or Account framed with intent to follow the Sun's course only, without making any use of that of the Moon; which Account held generally in these parts of the World till within an hundred years past; but the Julian Year being found by experience too long, viz. having anticipated near 15 days since Caesar's time, Pope Gregory the Thirteenth, in the Year 1582, made the Year shorter by three days in four hundred Years, and so introduced a new Account in all those Countries that would follow him, as far as the greatest part of Europe did. His Account, though more correct than the former, is yet judged by many to want much of that exactness which an Account of time is capable of. On the other side many of the Europeans anciently, as most of the Eastern People still, and also divers of the West Indians do reckon their time by the Moon, and so probably did the jews heretofore, who now reckon by both Moon and Sun, with no small Curiosity: but the Grecians, or some of the Athenians at least, had for several Ages laboured that point very far, and framed an excellent Luni-Solar Year; but yet both the one and the other were short of exactness, though their ways of Account are intricate enough, and seem somewhat too fine for vulgar Capacities. The consideration of all which put me upon thoughts of examining, Whether (which has hitherto been only wished for among other Desiderata) whether, I say, a way of reckoning our Time might not at length be contrived, not inferior to the exactness of any Astronomical Observations, and yet not superior to the Understanding of the lowest sort of common people; which two Ends of being exact and easy are all that can be reasonably desired in any civil Account. In order whereunto, I considered, First, that the Revolutions of all the other Heavenly Bodies (besides those of the Sun and Moon) though perhaps equable enough in themselves, yet did not so appear unto us; and farther that they were of more difficult and nice Observation, even to the most curious Astronomers. Secondly, That the Annual Revolution of the Sun was either not exactly known, or at least not so universally agreed on. Thirdly, that there were means and ways far more exact of knowing the Moon's Course, than that of the Sun; and though there are 3600 Thirds in a Minute of an Hour (viz. 60 times 60) yet that the Moon's Course was better known, or at least better agreed on, to Thirds, than the Suns to Minutes; so that a reckoning by the Moon seems to have some hundreds of times the advantage of one by the Sun, as to exactness. Fourthly, that the Changes of the Moon were obvious to every eye. And fifthly, that in measuring time primarily by the Moon, we might reckon by the Sun also, exactly enough for the business of Husbandry and other civil Affairs; but that the same vice versâ could not so well be done, measuring time primarily by the Sun. Upon all which, and divers other considerations, I have, not without some pains, contrived a certain way of a Luni-Solar Account, so exact that one day need not be lost or got in Millions of Years, and yet so clear, short and easy (and the more plain and simple the better) that I have made a Youth of twelve years old to understand, and remember it too, all in an hour. And indeed the great obstacle to the right understanding of this is the apprehension of Difficulty, where there is none, and the prejudice or prepossession of the mind with the old way of Reckoning. My greatest labour and pains has been to make this work easy to others; the work, I say, I have cut out of the hard Rock, without any other help from first to last, (except common Observations, long since Printed) but what I had from the Division or Powder of the Rock itself, or rather from the Rock of Ages, Cui sit laus in secula seculorum. Amen. As for all other possible ways of Measuring Time, whether such as have been already practised in some part of the world, or not; I shall venture to say this of them in general, viz. that they will either want a Foundation in Nature, or else come short of mine in point of Exactness. But if any man shall discover a better way of measuring Time, or find a material fault in this my Contrivance (tho 'tis easy to find faults almost in any thing, or to add to any Invention) I'll promise him a better Reward for his labour, than I expect for mine, though no such Error, or better way can be found. In a thing of so universal Use or Convenience to all Mankind, as the Reckoning of Time, it is matter of Wonder, that the best way of doing it has not hitherto been found out in so great a number of Ages as the Earth hath lasted, especially since so many excellent Wits in several Parts and Ages of the World have employed their Endeavours therein: But I see that Time and Chance, which happen to all, happeneth also to Time itself. I shall now in few words give you my Contrivance (and that two manner of Ways, one for the Pen or Memory with the Demonstration; the other contrived into the Honourable Garter for an Instrument or Clockwork:) and afterwards 〈◊〉 shall add, by way of illustration, some further Remarks thereupon. A Specimen of A NEW ALMONAC FOR EVER: OR, A Rectified Account of TIME, by a Luni-Solar Year. That is, By the Moon's Monthly Course primarily, so as the First of the Month shall always be within a Day of the Change; And yet adjusted to the Sun's yearly Course also. LET the New Year, or Account begin with March 10, 1680/1 the New Moon and Vernal Equinox in the Meridian of Windsor-Castle, being also near the same, viz. the former being about ¼ of an hour after Midnight; and the later near as much before it: or it may begin at any other Epoch when the New Moon and Equinox, or Solstice (if that be thought a better time to begin the year,) happen both near the beginning of the Civil Day, which perhaps they very seldom will be found to do. From such Epoch or Beginning, let the following Months, which in ordinary Years are Twelve only, have days 30, 29; 30, 29, etc. alternately: But in Fourteen Years of a certain Period or Revolution completed in Thirty eight Years, viz. in the Years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18 21, 24, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37 let there be intercalated or added to those extraordinary Years, a Thirteenth Month, consisting of Days 31, 30; 31, 30, etc. alternately also: And so on, Period after Period, for ever, as the Moon, etc. Once every Century, or to one Year of 100, add one Day, viz. To near about the first 50th Year, or middle of the Century, and then to every 100th Year following. Which additional Day being omitted every 230th, or 240th Century, or thereabouts (according to the Latitude of the differing Opinions of Dissenters in Astronomy) that is, once in 23 or 24000 Years (only the first omission to be about the middle thereof, if any one should require such great exactness) will balance the Account for ever. But we need not be solicitous about that remote consideration. The DEMONSTRATION. (Which may be passed over by those not accustomed to Mathematical Demonstrations.) BEsides common known Principles denied by none, I suppose, or take for granted only two things, viz. 1. That the Motions of the great Bodies of Heaven, particularly of our great Luminaries, the Sun and Moon, are Regular or uniform, or at least do approach somewhat near towards being so. 2. That in taking the measures of their Motions, especially that of the Moon, all the famous Astronomers, Ancient and Modern, have not been much mistaken. This Account of Time being made up by continued Addition or Multiplication, the Truth or Exactness thereof may be easily Examined or Demonstrated, only by Division of the number of Dnys of the Period (or number of Years assigned) by the number of Months contained in the same; and the Quotient shall be (the Days, and parts of a Day in) a Month; or the Time, at a Medium, between Change and Change, according to the exactest Astronomers, ancient and modern. E. g. In 38 Years there are Months or Lunarions, 470, viz. (38 times 12) or 456 and 14 intercalar ones: And Days, 38 times 12 times 29½, that is 13452; and 14 times 30⅓, or 427, that is 13879 whole Days; together with 38 hundredth parts of a day, viz in all 13879: 38, because one day is to be added every hundred years. Divide 13879: 38 by 470, and the Quotient will be 29: 53059574468, etc. that is 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 3 sec. 28 thirds. Which is about 18 thirds only too much in a Month, or 1 min. in 16 or 17 years, or about 1 hour in 1000 Years, or (24 hours or) one Day in about 24000 Years: And yet is above eight times more exact than even the Gregorian Reformation, as they call it. Nevertheless if greater exactness be required, subduct 1/530th or 1/240th part of a 33/100 part of a Day from the said 13879: 38 (because the additional Day is to be omitted every 230th, or 240th Century) and so in my thirty-eight-years Period or Cycle, there will be days and decimal parts of a day, viz. 13879: 3783478 † in the first case; and 13879: 378416666 † in the second case: Divide the said days, etc. by 470, and the Quotient in the first case shall be 29: 53059223— viz. 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 3 sec. 10 third. 7 fourth. that is greater than the Month of Ricciol. and less than that of Dechales; but in the second case 29. 530; 9236— viz. 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 3 sec. 10 third. 52 four. that is a little greater than the Month of Kepler. Now between the one and the other is probably the just quantity of the Mean Month of Conjunction. However, though it should hereafter be found out to be less than the one, or greater than the other; yet the Account of time by me proposed will hold good for about twelve thousand years yet to come; at which time the said Additional Day being omitted (only some few years sooner or later, as by experience shall appear best before that time) will keep right, and balance the Account for millions of years after. But if any one will assign me the exact quantity or measure of the Mean Month of Conjunction, I shall tell him precisely what Century (or Year if he please) the said Additional Day is to be omitted: For the best Astronomers do differ a little even upon that Account, as may appear by the following List. The measure of the Mean Month of Conjunction, according to the Astronomers following, viz. d. h. m. se th'. fo. Hipparch. Ptolemy. 29 12 44 3 15 44 Lansberg. Wendelin. 29 12 44 3 12 Kepler. 29 12 44 3 10 50 3 Copernic. Reinold. 29 12 44 3 10 48 5 Vieta 29 12 44 3 10 43 ● Clavius. 29 12 44 3 10 38 5 Dechales. 29 12 44 3 10 9 Ricciol. 29 12 44 3 10 Bulliald. 29 12 44 3 9 37 ● Tycho 29 12 44 3 8 39 ¾ is none, and the prejudice or prepossession of the mind with the old way of Reckoning. My greatest labour and pains has been to make this work easy to others; the work, I say, I have cut out of the hard Rock, without any other help from first to last, (except common Observations, long since Printed) but what I had from the Division or Powder of the Rock itself, or rather from the Rock of Ages, Cui sit laus in secula seculorum. Amen. As for all other possible ways of Measuring Time, whether such as have been already practised in some part of the world, or not; I shall venture to say this of them in general, viz. that they will either want a Foundation in Nature, or else come short of mine in point of Exactness. But if any man shall discover a better way of measuring Time, or find a material fault in this my Contrivance (tho 'tis easy to find faults almost in any thing, or to add to any Invention) I'll promise him a better Reward for his labour, than I expect for mine, though no such Error, or better way can be found. In a thing of so universal Use or Convenience to all Mankind, as the Reckoning of Time, it is matter of Wonder, that the best way of doing it has not hitherto been found out in so great a number of Ages as the Earth hath lasted, especially since so many excellent Wits in several Parts and Ages of the World have employed their Endeavours therein: But I see that Time and Chance, which happen to all, happeneth also to Time itself. I shall now in few words give you my Contrivance (and that two manner of Ways, one for the Pen or Memory with the Demonstration; the other contrived into the Honourable Garter for an Instrument or Clockwork:) and afterwards I shall add, by way of illustration, some further Remarks thereupon. A NEW-YEAR'S GIFT, IN A NEW ALMONAC FOR EVER: OR, A Rectified Account of TIME, by a new Luni-Solar Year. That is, By the Moon's Monthly Course primarily, so as the First of the Month shall always be within about a Day of the Change; and yet adjusted to the Sun's yearly Course. (A larger Discourse hereof was lately Published) By Dr. Robert Wood LFT the New Year or Account begin with March 10, 1680/1. * The New Moon and Vernal Equinox, in the Meridian of Windsor-Castle, being, viz. the former, about three quarters of an hour after Midnight; and the later near as much before it: or it may begin at any other Epoch when the New Moon and Equinox, (or Solstice, if that be thought a better time to begin the Year.) happen both mean the beginning of the Civil Day. From such Beginning, let the following Months, which in ordinary Years are Twelve only, have days 30, 29; 30, 29, etc. alternately: But in Fourteen Years (of a certain Period or Revolution completed in Thirty eight Years,) viz. in the Years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37, let there be intercalated or added to those extraordinary Years, a Thirteenth Month, consisting of Days, 31, 30; 31, 30, etc. alternately also: And so on, Period after Period, for ever. Once every Century, or to one Year of 100, add one Day, viz. to near about the middle of the first Century, and then to every 100th Year following. Which additional Day being omitted every 230th or 240th Century, or thereabouts (according to the latitude of the differing Opinions of Dissenters in Astronomy) that is, once in 23 or 24000 Years (only the first omission to be about the middle thereof) if any one should require such great exactness, will balance the Account for ever. But we need not be solicitous about that remote consideration. The Demonstration. (Which may be passed over by those who are not accustomed to Mathematical Demonstrations.) BEsides common known Principles, denied by none, I suppose, or take for granted only two Things, viz. 1. That the Motions of the great Bodies of Heaven, particularly of our great Luminaries, the Sun and Moon, are Regular or Uniform, or at least do approach somewhat near towards being so. 2. That in taking the measures of their Motions, especially that of the Moon, all the famous Astronomers, Ancient and Modern, have not been much mistaken. This Account of Time being made up by continued Addition, or Multiplication, the Truth or Exactness thereof may be easily Examined or Demonstrated, only by Division of the number of Days in my Period or number of Years assigned, by the number of Months contained in the same; and the Quotient shall be (the Days, and parts of a Day in) a Month; or the Time at a Medium between Change and Change, according to the exactest Astronomers, ancient and modern. As for Example, In 38 Years there are Months or Lunations 470, viz. (38 times 12) or 456 and 14 intercalar, ones. And in 38 Years there are Days (38 times 12 viz.) 456 times 29½, that is 13452, and 14 times 30½, or 427, that is in all 13879 whole Days; together with 38 hundredth parts of a Day, viz. in all 13879: 38, because one day is to be added every 100 years: Or more plainly thus, In (100 times 38, viz.) 3800 years, there are 47000 Months, and 1387938 Days. Multiply the said 3800 Years by 6, and likewise the said Months and Days by 6 respectively, viz. Years. Months. Days. And omitting one day in the said 22800 years, there remains at last 8327627 Days. 3800 47000 1387938 6 6 6 22800 282000 8327628 Divide 8327627 by 282000, the Quotient will be Days 29: 53059219854, that is 29 days, 12 h. 44 min. 3 sec. 10 third. (almost) viz. the Month of Ricciolus. But if to each of the above Years, Months and Days respectively you add a twentieth part, there will be near 24000 years, viz. Years. Months. Days. And omitting one Day in the said 23940 Years, as before, there remains at last 8744008: 4 Days. 22800 282000 8327628 1140 141●●● 416381: 4 23940 296100 8744009: 4 Divide 8744008: 4 by 296100, the Quotient will be Days 29: 530592367444, that is 29 day. 12 h. 44 min. 3 sec. 10 third. 50 fourth. (almost) viz. between the Months of Copernicus and Kepler, etc. Near which, or between both, is probably the just quantity of the mean Month of Conjunction. However, though it should hereafter be found out to be less than the one, or greater than the other; yet the Account of Time by me proposed will hold good for about twelve thousand years yet to come; at which time the said Additional Day being omitted (only some few years sooner or later, as by experience shall appear best before that time) will keep right, and balance the Account for millions of years after. But if any one will assign me the exact quantity or measure of the Mean Month of Conjunction, I shall tell him precisely what Century (or Year if he please) the said Additional Day is to be omitted: For the best Astronomers do differ a little even upon that Account, as may appear by the following List. The Measure of the Mean Month of Conjunction, according to the Astronomers following, viz. d. h. m. se. th'. fo. Hipparch. Ptolemy. 29 12 44 3 15 44 Lansberg. Wendelin. 29 12 44 3 12 Kepler. 29 12 44 3 10 50 3/5 Copernic. Reinold. Clavius. 29 12 44 3 10 48 Vieta. 29 12 44 3● 10 43 5/● Dechales. 20 12 44 3 10 9 Ricciol. 29 12 44 3 10 Bulliald. 29 12 44 3 9 37 1/● Tycho. 29 12 44 3 8 39 3/4 A New ALMONAC for Ever; or A Rectified Account of Time, (beginning with March 10 1680/1) by a Luni-solar Year, or by both Luminaries: That is By the Moons Monthly Course primarily; so as the First of the Month shall always be within about a Day of the Change: And yet adjusted to the Sun's yearly Course also; viz Keeping within about a Week thereof at a medium: DESCRIBED in, & DEDICATED to the most Honourable ORDER of THE GARTER. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 LLD. The GARTER shows the Number 〈◊〉 Da●s 〈…〉 30, 29. etc.) which each of the Twelve Month's of the year is to contain: And in the Buckle is discovered, through a Hole, the days of a Thirteenth Month (31, 30, 〈…〉 30 &c) to be added to Some years, viz to Fourteen of Thirty eight, or more particularly to the years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18 21, 24, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37. of a certain Period or Revolution completed in 38 years; as in a Cycle or Rundle behind; which is supposed movable one 38th part, every year, backwards or contrary to the Months in the Garter: And the year of the Period or Cycle, or what 38th year is Current, is showed through another Hole. & so on for ever Once every Century, or to one Year of 100, add one Day viz to near about the middle of the First Century, & then to every 100th year following. Windsor Castle▪ Some farther Remarks on the preceding Account. (Formerly published in the Philosophical Collections. N. 2.) THe Egyptian Hieroglyphic of the Year was a Serpent curved into a Circle or Ring, with Tail in Mouth: but the Emblematical Garter will be much more proper for England, &c, and is so exactly fitted to the Moon's motion, that perhaps it will be hard to judge, upon consulting a whole Jury of Astronomers, ancient and modern, whether it will prove too straight or too large a measure of Time; and the exceeding small difference between this Account and some of their Calculations on one side or other, may rationally enough be ascribed to the imperfection of Instruments or Observations, till the farther experience of future Ages, many thousand years hence, shall evince the contrary. This Almonac measures Time principally by the Moon, but with a great and near respect to the annual motion of the Sun or Earth: The Unite or least Measure is a Day; and the Garter or Luni-Solar Year will be, at a Medium, within about a Week, or half a hundreth part, of the true Solar Year; that is, so near that the difference will not be discerned by ordinary popular Observation, (and therefore must needs answer the ends of Husbandry, and other civil Affairs, well enough;) And at certain periods balance one another, and have a kind of coincidence or agreement, much better than the Sun's course has with the julian Account, so much magnified by Scaliger and others. I find the elder World generally computed their Time (and most of the Eastern Countries, if not the bulk of Mankind, do so still) by the Moon, or by a Lunar, or Luni-Solar Year; made up of Lunations, or real Months, or somewhat near the matter such, (and not such in name only, as ours now are; being, as it were, but the Ghosts and deformed Shadows of their old Moons and Reckoning:) Which Months were for the most part 12, and some years 13: This appears from their Kalendars, etc. 'Tis plain (from 1 Sam. c. 20. v. 5, 18, 24. compared with v. 27, 34.) that the days of the jewish Month, were the same with those of the Moon: And the Grecians (where Astronomy, as well as other Arts and good Learning most flourished, and particularly the Athenians according to the Institution of their wise Legislator, Solon) did thus reckon their Time; and so did the Romans too, till julius Caesar altered, I cannot say, mended, the Year. Among the Grecians there lived, in three not far distant Ages, three famous Astronomers in their several Times, Meton, Calippus, and Hipparchus; each of whom still farther improved Astronomy, and rectified the Accounts of Time more and more one after another respectively, according to their light and the Observations of their own and the foregoing Ages: Hipparchus, the last of them (and unto whom our modern Astronomers, with all their helps and advantages, have been able to add very little as to the exactness of some of his Observations) he flourished about 100 or 90 Years before julius Caesar altered the Year; yet Caesar, or his Astronomer Sosigenes, followed Calippus in framing the julian Year; as I find by examining their Accounts: For Calippus his Period of 76 Years consisted of 27759 Days, and so do 76 julian Years. About three Centuries and an half after Caesar, the Council of Nice (first,) and about two Centuries after that, Dionysius Exiguus (again) introduced the Decennoval Cycle (called the Golden Number) for the Celebration of Easter; following Meton, the first and least exact of the Three; or rather following both Meton and Caesar, two Masters, who were neither of them the best, and would after some time disagree and part farther and farther from each other; though both Caesar and the Church might have had much better Copy from Hipparchus: Which mistakes of theirs (and their Eyes being dazzled with the Sun, whereas they might have looked more safely on the Moon) have occasioned those Anticipations and Differences, that have embarrassed the Accounts of Time, and these Parts of the World in the succeeding Ages. And though many have proposed laudable ways of redressing the said Accounts, yet still building upon the old Foundations, which were infirm; Pope Gregory XIII, in his Reformation of the Calendar near 100 years since, was necessitated to wave the Golden Number, and yet has but palliated the Disease; so hard it is to cure an Error in the first Concoction: Wherefore inverting a Dystic of Ovid's, 1 Fast. one may say, Scilicet Arma magis, Caesar, quam Sidera nôras: Resque Aeternae, & non Tempora, cura Patrum. The Council of Nice appointed Easter to be kept the first Sunday after the first Full Moon after the 21th of March; because the Vernal Equinox (which was on the 25th in our Saviour's time, or thereabouts) was then come to be on or about the said 21th Day; and therefore the Gregorian Reformation has reduced the Vernal Equinox back to that Day, or brought that Day to it again, by losing 10 Days, and must omit another Day within 20 Years: But in this Garter or Luni-Solar Year, Easter will always be the first Sunday after the frst Full Moon of the New Year, that is, after the Vernal Equinox; according to the true intent and meaning of the Nicene Council, or as it was in the Primitive Times; and be but a Week movable, or a Month less-moveable than now, either after the Old or New Style: Which might perhaps have prevented the Difference, or served as an Expedient for reconciling the West and East Churches. The three Cycles of Meton, Calippus, and Hipparchus, were all of them too large for the Sun, and primarily intended for the Moon, or for a Luni-Solar Year; however that of Hipparchus was nearest to both, and very near the Moon's Period. Perhaps at first view, my 38 Years Period may be looked upon but as a double- Metonic, or semi- Calippic one, etc. but upon farther consideration, it will be found otherwise; for Meton and Calippus, their Periods, as also that of Hipparchus, were all of them too big, not only for the Circuit of the Sun, as I said before, but for that of the Moon also; whereas mine, on the other hand, was too little for either, and needed one additional Day in near about every 100 Years: Meton's 19 Years Cycle, or Enneadecaeteris, had 6940 Days, the Double whereof is 13880 Calippus his Period, or 76 Years, had 27759 Days, the half whereof is 13879½ Hipparchus his Period of 304 Years, had 111035 Days, the Eighth part whereof is 13879⅗ Whereas my Period hath but Days 13879: 38— So that it may easily appear, to any one who shall please to examine it, wherein my Cycle or Period differs from all theirs: But the Frame of my Contrivance of this so nice matter, for the easy Explication thereof, even to the grossest Capacities, as to Practice and Use, is wholly different from theirs, and every ones else I ever yet heard of. I am not so vain, as to persuade myself, that any such Account of Time will be used, and therefore do not set down the Uses of this; which otherwise I could do, and show how the Practice thereof need not make any disturbance in Civil Affairs or Contracts. For 'tis not unlike but that, after 1700 Years Prescription, prudent Men may judge it better to let the Year and World go on without alteration; as Physicians say, Some Chronical Diseases in old Folks may with more safety be continued, than their Cure endeavoured; and that one had better follow old beaten Highways, though crooked and foul, than seek out, or make new ones: And perhaps I should have thought so too; but Pope Gregory XIII having already changed the old julian Account, and his new Model having taken place, and obtained in the major part of all the West of Europe, or Christendom; We, who are Reform in other things, seem now to be left almost alone, or with some few other Places, in this. And several Persons having from time to time offered their Proposals towards the amendment of the erroneous julian Year, I thought I might without offence offer mine also; which are not so novel, but that the like thereof, though framed with less artifice, have endured the Test in many well policed Nations for several Ages. It may afford one Argument, by the by, against the old Way, or Year, That like a Finger-Watch, it needs so frequent setting, and must have a New Almanac got every year; whereas one Direction in this Luni-Solar Way may serve for all Ages; and the Garter may be so well buckled once for all, that it may last for ever, as the Moon, etc. I chose rather to take the Revolution of the Moon, than that of the Sun, for my chief and primary Measure of Time; because, First, the Lunar Phases, and consequently Months, are more easily discerned, than the Sun's annual Period, even by the most ignorant vulgar Eyes, who need but look up almost any night, to see their Almonac: Next, the Observations upon the Moon, made by more knowing Men, have been more in Number, more exact and of far greater Antiquity; Astronomers having also had the help of Eclipses of very distant Ages, for their Guide in finding out very near the true measure of the Moon's mean Motion: Lastly, keeping an Account by the Moon, we may reckon by the Sun also, that is to say, by Months and Years too; whereas on the contrary, reckoning by a Solar Year, the Months are but empty Names, and in measuring of Times and Seasons the Moon is rendered of no use; though some inanimate Bodies (so considerable, that they take up and possess perhaps half this our Clobe) as the Sea, do exactly observe the Moon's Course; and there are living Creatures also, thought perhaps no less considerable at Land, that do the like; which I need not mention, nor take any farther notice of the near Affinity, if not Consanguinity with the Garter. To conclude; the Sum of what I have done, is, after the finding a Par or Equation, or a very near Approach thereunto, between Days and Months, in whole Numbers, with a respective balancing the Sun's Annual Motion also, To render the use thereof very easy and ready for Practice. I could in larger Periods keep a more regular balancing Account with the Sun, by a small addition, or very little alteration of one Rule of these Cycles; or by other great Cycles I could perform all that these do; or by a farther Decomposition of Cycles I could, I say, approach to a yet greater exactness, nearer and nearer to any given quantity, in infinitum; But ne quid nimis. Upon the whole Matter, I judge an Account of Time by the Moon to be much better than any such Account by the Sun; because (setting aside other considerations) I have reason to doubt, that, as we are in the dark in reference to divers other particulars about the Sun, so likewise the Measure of the true Solar Year is much taken up on trust, or is not so well known, perhaps never will be, or at least is not so universally agreed on, to near that degree of exactness, as that of the Moon, which God appointeth for Times and Seasons, as the faithful Witness in Heaven. Shenville. April 13, 1●80. ROBERT WOOD TO the end that this new Luni-Solar Account or Year may be the better understood by any one who understands an ordinary Almanac, and more easily compared with the old julian Year; and that it may appear how the days of the Month in one do answer the Days in the other; and that the Changes of the Moon may be the more readily observed and examined (which will always happen in this new Luni-Solar Account, within a day of the beginning of the Month) I have here framed. A Luni-Solar CALENDAR. OR, A Parallel of Days between That and the Julian Year; Showing what Day of the Month of the One, will be the same with the Respective correspondent Day of the Other. Beginning with March 10, 1680-81 EVery Page consists of twelve double Columns: That on the left hand, or First of the two Columns, containing all the Days of the several Months of the julian Year, or old Style, viz. March, April, May, june, etc. And the second Column, or that towards the right hand, containing the several respective Days of the Lunar Months which are in the Luni-solar or Garter Year. In which second Columns are signified by 1 1 1 1 The 1st Cycle or Period completed in 38 Years. 1 or 1 or 2 or 6 etc. The Year of that Cycle, viz. 1st. 2d. 6th, etc. I TWO V X The Month of that Year, viz. 1st. 2d. 5th. 10th, etc. In each of the said double Columns there are two julian Months (except the first, which wants 9 Days, and they are made up at last.) If this Design should ever be imagined to take, and this New-Years Gift be accepted, the following Parallel would prove a Guide to people for the mutual performance of their Bargains de futuro, that is to know the certain After-day, as well in one Style as the other; when they are to be observed, and made good, and so may serve them as a Bridge in passing over from one Account or Year unto the other, with their Civil Contracts and other Baggage. A Parallel of Days between the Julian and Luni-solar Years. 1680 Mar. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1681 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jun. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Janu. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Febr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1682 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nov 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1683 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aprr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sep. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1684 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 168● 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jun. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nov 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Janu. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Febr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 168● 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nov 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1● 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1687 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apri. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sep. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1688 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1689 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apri. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sep. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1690 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1691 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apri. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sep. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1692 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1693 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Janu. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Febr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1694 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1695 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jun. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Janu. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Febr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1696 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feb. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1697 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Apr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jun. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 July. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Aug. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sept. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Oct. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Nou. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Janu. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Febr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Mar. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 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7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 VII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VIII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 IX. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 X. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XIII 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 16 I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 II. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 III. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 IU. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 V. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 VII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VIII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 IX. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 X. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 17 I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 II. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 III. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 IU. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 V. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 VII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VIII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 IX. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 X. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 18 I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 II. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 III. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 IU. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 V. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 VII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VIII 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 IX. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 X. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XIII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 19 I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 TWO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 III 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 IU. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 V. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 VII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VIII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 IX. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 X. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 XI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 XII. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 20 I. etc. THe foregoing Calendar, or Parallel of Days, is for 19 Years; at the end whereof the two Accounts, viz. the julian and Luni-Solar, do exactly balance one another, sicut erat in principio, and four or five times in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 19 years, they walk very friendly together hand in hand, cheek by jowl, Day by Day, sometimes a whole Month, sometimes two (almost.) The next nineteen Years repeat the same again, only with the difference of one Day more or less in some years; by reason of the Leap Years every fourth; and that the XIIIth. Month, in the Luni-Solar or Garter-Year, has sometimes 30 Days, some times 31. AN incomparable person sent me two or three Objections upon the foregoing Contrivance: To which I returned Answers, viz. Object. 1. I received yours with the Almonac, etc. and communicated it to A, B, C, etc. some of them would have examined your Design by its agreement with the Gregorian or Julian Accounts; but others thought that unreasonable to make them judges, who stood accused of Error. Answ. I must return those of your company my best Thanks, who thought it unreasonable to have me tried by the julian Account, or examined at Caesar's Tribunal: From which I must have Appealed: And indeed I see no reason why we should be concerned to follow any longer an Usurper, especially in his Errors: but he having commanded to many Legions, invaded our Isle, etc. I foresee the force and prejudice of education may engage some to take his part, right, or wrong; and therefore forbear— As for the Gregorian Way, 'tis but the julian Account, rather new modelled, or mended, than (as they call it) Reformed: For the julian Reckoning was far from ever being right. And though the Gregorian Account be much more exact than the other, yet is it not altogether without its Errors excepted. So that upon the whole I expect in point of Justice, rather to be tried before an Inquest, or Court of Astronomers, than judged by the Pope or Emperor. Object. 2. I do not see how the Day whereon the Moon changes, being designed to be first of the Month, can consist with putting 31 days into any Month, there being above 11 hours short of 30. Days in any Month between Change and Change. Ans. If the true Month of Conjunction, Between Change and Change, consist of Days 29●● and 44 min. 3 sec. 10 thirds, etc. those overplus min. sec. etc. of several Months, (being near three quarters of an hour every Month, and about 14 days in 38 Years) put together do (at certain Periods) at length amount to one whole Day, which I make the 31st. of some of the Intercalar Months, and so still balance the Account: or, if you please, those Fragments of time are melted together into the Mass or Mold of one whole Day; and thus though no one month in any Year of my Almonac, (I might add also, though no one Year in the Period, nor Day in the Year or Month) is exactly a just and true one, yet all put together, the whole Account is true (morally;) and though sometimes my Month's end before the Change, sometimes after; yet things are so ordered, that every one of them begins and ends within a day of the Change. Thus the Vibrations of a Pendulum are sometimes on one side the Perpendicular, and sometimes on the other: And thus (Philosophically speaking) the Vibrations or Vicissitudes of Day and Night, Heat and Cold, Summer and Winter, make the Sap rise, and Plants and Trees to grow. In short, as the Days of my Months vibrate or play about the Moons true course; so do my Garter-Months, or Luni-solar Year dance about the Sun or Solar Year, sometimes before it, sometimes after; and sometimes also, as in dancing, they close and kiss; and so I civilly take my leave of that Objection. Object 3. I do not find your Almonac fitted to the Festivals of the Church, nor to the juridicial Days of the Law, etc. not knowing whether you inend any H●ly-Days to be within the Intercalar Month. Answ. The Movable Feasts of the Church, as Easter, and those other that attend it, I have made better provision for than ever they yet had; and so Easter Term and Trinity will follow of course. The Fixed Festivals may keep the same Days in my Twelve Months as they had in the other, or as in the Apostles times, or as at the time of the Council of Nice: Or in short, may be celebrated on such other Days as those to whom it belongs to order such Affairs, shall judge best. And I believe the Saints will not count it nigh disparagement, to be so placed and seated, as retaining still their former Order, Dignities, Pre-eminences, etc. to have the Additional Honour of being installed, as it were, Knights of the Garter. The intercalar thirteenth Month is without any anniversary Festival, and so more fit for Fasting; for it will always fall in Lent; and though without any holidays, it will not be the less fit for the Lawyers to go their Circuits in. The other two Terms might be easily accommodated either as now they are, or as Authority should think fit, if any such Design were to take place in good earnest. FINIS.