Chaplin Mayor. Die Martis Decimo Nono die Februarii, 1677/8 Annoque Regni Regis Caroli Secundi Angliae, etc. Tricesimo.  
THis Court doth desire Mr. Young to print his Sermon preached on Sunday morning last, at the Guild-hall chapel, before the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of this City.  
Wagstaff.   

IMPRIMATUR  
Guil. jane, R.P.D. Henr. Episc. Lond. à Sacris Dom. Mar. 4. 1677/ 8.   

A SERMON PREACHED Before the Right Honourable The Lord Mayor AND aldermans. Of the City of LONDON. AT GVILDHALL chapel, February the 17th. 1677/8. By EDW. YOUNG, B L.L. Fellow of New College in Oxford.  
LONDON, Printed for William Birch at the Peacock in Cheapside, and William Leach at the Crown in Cornhill. 1678.   

A Sermon preached before the LORD MAYOR, etc. February the 17th. 1677/8.  Psal. 52. 7. Lo this is the man that took not God for his strength, but trusted unto the multitude of his riches, and strengthened himself in his wickedness. 
IT is an Observation as true as common, that no man was ever extremely wicked upon a sudden; a hardy sinner must be a work of time, a Creature of industry and toil, of conflicts and repulses: And that because Nature, however depraved, has yet left such strong guards upon Virtue, that no man can break through them without doing violence not only to his Reason, but his very Complexion too. It is no easy thing to overcome the shame that naturally attends all dishonest actions, and makes those that commit them to love darkness. It is no easy thing to overcome the fear that naturally haunts the guilty conscience, and makes darkness itself to be no security: much less is it easy to dare to live at enmity with God, after conviction that he is all-knowing, and just, and his wrath a consuming fire. And yet notwithstanding all this, since woeful experience puts it out of question that men do daily arrive at this desperate pitch; that how dangerous soever the precipice be, thither they venture; and being there, bear their danger with less concern than others can behold it: It may be worth our while to inquire how, and by what degrees sin thus advances; and as it advances, infatuates. The scheme is laid down in my Text; where, in the person of Doeg, we have the description of a sinner Consummate; one that had filled up his measure, and was now ripe and overtaken with judgement. For the first words of the verse, Lo this is the man, point out his miserable end, which the Context will tell us, was destruction and casting out of the Land of the living. And the rest of the words (on which I design chiefly to insist.) are his character, exhibiting the wicked course of life which brought him to that miserable end, (viz.) He took not God, etc.  
The Character consists of three Members, which are as it were the three Stations of the Broad way; The first being Alienation from God, the second Application to the World, the third Impiety professed: and these three are Consequential to each other, as well in the order of Nature, as of the Text.  
I beg in with the first member of the Character, He took not God for his strength.  
The order and importance of this default, will best appear if we inquire into the true measures of humane nature; and see what strength she has in herself, and what she wants; and thence deduce the necessity of our dependence upon God.  
From those that have searched into the state of humane nature, we have sometimes received very different and incompatible accounts; as though the Inquirers had not been so much learning, as fashioning the subject they had in hand; and that as arbitrarily as a Heathen Carver that could make either a God or a Tressel out of the same piece of wood. For some have cried down Nature into such a desperate impotency as would render the Grace of God ineffectual; and others, on the contrary, have invested her with such power and selfsufficiency, as would render the Grace of God superfluous. The first of these Opinions wrongs Nature in defect by allowing her no strength, which in consequence most make men desperate: The second wrongs Nature in excess by imputing too much strength, which in effect must make men confident: And both of them do equally destroy the Reason of our application to God for strength. For neither will the man that is well in conceit, nor yet the desperate, apply himself to a Physician; because the one cries there is no need, the other, there is no help. I presume therefore that a more distinct view of these two extreme opinions, may properly serve to guide us into the notice of the true state of Nature, which lies between them both.  
As for the first Opinion, which wrongs Nature in Defect, it was hatched in the Heathen Schools upon this occasion. The Philosophers having considered the reproachful nature of sin, how that in itself it was nothing but injury, turpitude, and folly; and in its effects, mischief, inquietude, and illboding fears: concluded justly that the commission of it was base and infamous, and that the deliberate choice of a sinful action was a greater reproach to reason, than reason was an ornament to man: But nevertheless finding themselves dipped in the common guilt, and too soft to resist the pleasing evil, but likewise too proud to own the reproach of it; They set their wits on work to contrive an expedient, how a man might sin, and yet not be in the fault, and so be able to keep his Crimes and Credit too. The expedient they contrived was this, to maintain, That sin was no voluntary Act, but a mere forced one: and this they proved by two Mediums, Fate and Matter; as each of them introducing a necessity upon humane actions. From the first they argued, that all humane actions were pre-determined by the irresistible Power of an Eternal Decree, so that Man did not purely act any thing of himself, but was a mere passive Tool in the hand of Destiny. From the second they argued, That though man were allowed liberty of Acting, yet he could have no liberty of Choice, because his Choice was always determined to the worse side by a certain insuperable malignity in matter; that is, by the pravity of his constitution. Upon either of these accounts it followed that man was a mere impotent slave, always overruled by force, either from without or within; and therefore since he could not possibly help what he did, why should he be blamed for it? rather let the causes be blamed to which he owed his necessity. Thus did the Philosopher's endeavour to bring mankind off from the scandal of their faults by impeaching Nature; as an indulgent Jury will bring off a murderer by a Non Compos mentis.  
As to their Hypothesis of the Irresistible Decree I shall speak no more of it but this, that they who first broached it, and therefore were most fond of it, found it clogged with so many ill consequences, so reflecting upon the Deity, and of such ill influence upon Manners, that though they were accounted the most pertinacious sect of men in the world, they have left it honestly retracted. Chrysippus disavows it in Cicero & Gellius; & the more Modern Stoics build all their Morals upon a clear contrary foundation: for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is their first Principle: that is, all men's internal actions are naturally free.  
As for the Malignity of Matter, it was a Notion more tolerable among the Heathens, because their errors about the Eternity and Original Qualities of Matter were perhaps Invincible: but for Christians to impute the same effects to the Corruption of our Nature by the Fall, as though we had thereby contracted such a Complexional Necessity of sinning, as neither precept nor caution, nor all the remedies that God has provided; could rescue us from that Necessity: This is a great Calumny to Nature, and affront to God's goodness, and a mere crude apology of such as were first resolved for a lazy indulgence to Vice. And yet this pretence is not unusual; it is not unusual to hear men confess their sins in such a subtle form, as though they were drawing schemes of Sophistry against the day of Judgement. I must not deny my sins, (says the Man) the righteous man falls seven times a day; We dwell in a body of sin; Our first Parent eat of the forbidden fruit, and so derived a Curse upon his unhappy posterity; Homo sum, I am a son of Adam, I need say no more to speak my guilt. And now what means such a Confession as this, but that the Man is willing to discharge the burden of his Conscience upon something out of his own power; and to insinuate that it is not will and choice, but force of constitution that makes us sinners; that we are born with such tainted principles, flesh so stubborn, and appetites so impetuous, that neither Rule nor Institution, nor Endeavour, nor Grace itself can regulate them; and that thereupon as Adam urged against God for the first sin committed, The Woman that thou gavest me beguiled me and I did eat: so his Posterity might urge for all that have been committed since, The Nature that thou hast allotted us, has betrayed us, and we are sinners. Thus will men dawb with untempered mortar (in the Prophet's Allegory) though the wall shall be cast down, and they in the midst of it. For to assign the true measures of Nature in reference to Defect, I lay down this for the Fundamental Truth, That whatsoever there is, either of impotence or positive malignity in our Natures, it is only such as is consistent both with the Purity and Mercy of God; and therefore we may certainly conclude, that it cannot be so much as shall either administer matter of excuse to those that will be bad, or argument of despair to those that desiret o be good. We are born with propensions to Vice, and appetites prone to close with tempting Evils; but these are so far from being actually evil themselves, that they are the very life of Virtue, and foundation of Reward. 'Tis true, they create difficulties in virtue, and make the way rugged; but then God is pleased to consider these difficulties indulgently; and for that very reason he admits man to terms of repentance and reconciliation; whereas the Angels who were made of a purer nature, and less obnoxious to temptation, were allowed no such remedy. But moreover these difficulties which our infirmity creates, are far from being insuperable; we know our armour, and we are commanded to fight, and we are assured of Victory: whatsoever of strength we have not in ourselves, we know where to have supplied, and whatsoever those excellencies are which we deplore as lost in the Fall, the Gospel assures us, that supervening Grace makes a full repair of them. Grace is new light to the understanding, and new power to the will, and new regularity to the faculties that ought to obey, and a new harmony to our whole discomposed frame. In a word, Grace is more to us now in the state of corruption, then in the state of primitive perfection we could have been to ourselves. Whosoever therefore shall consider the defects and impotence of our present state, together with the rich promises of God in Christ, I know nothing that he ought reasonably to argue or infer thence but this, that we now lie under a stricter obligation to live in a perpetual dependence upon God; that we have now a double tye to be Religious; that is, both to serve God and ourselves; forasmuch as our addresses do not more effectually pay him homage, than they do supply our own wants. God could give without ask, if it seemed good; but then perhaps we should be more apt to glory as though we had not Received: whereas to receive when we want, is the same thing in effect, as to have had it in store; but with this advantage, that it makes us retain a greater veneration for the Donor; as a man is in greater probability to live humble and dutiful when he has his livelihood conferred on him by daily dispensation, then if he had the whole in entire possession. God could redintegrate Nature, if it seemed good; and reinstate her in her original rights and powers: But then perhaps the man who now in the state of corruption attributes his vices to his Constitution, not to his Will, would if he had been born with greater strength and sufficiency have attributed the glory of his virtue to his own conduct and not unto God; and so had he had in him less of the sin of the man, he would have had more of the sin of Lucifer, that is, pride and affectation. 'Tis a wise Rule in all things of Providence to conclude, That that is best that now is; and questionless it could not be better with us than it is, notwithstanding all the infirmities of our Nature, if we had but the happiness to make such use of them as God intends, that is, to fix our dependence and application more strictly to himself.  
I pass in the second place to the Notion of those that exalt Nature above her due measures, & invest her with such a self sufficiency, as would make the Grace of God appear superfluous.  
Quid opus est Votis? saith the Philosopher; what need is there to pray? make thyself a good man; 'tis idle to petition God for that which thou canst bestow upon thyself. And many among Christians (beside Pelagius) seem to have consulted the Philosopher more than the Scriptures, for their method of inculcating Religion and a good life. They recommend virtue in pompous harangues, and urge Religion from the Rational Topics of conveniency and inconveniency; they display the amiableness and advantages of Good, and the deformity and mischiefs of Evil. How ugly is envy? how tormenting is revenge? how brutal is drunkenness? how pernicious is lust? On the contrary, meekness, temperance and beneficence, how serene are they in their state, and how commodious in their effects? And needs a man now (say they) any infusion here to determine his choice? or any assisting influence to put it in execution? All that he seems to need is only this, that he do not turn fool, and desert the use of those faculties and powers which Nature has given him. After such a Moral discourse as this, having called upon Reason, and stirred up advertency to apply it, they presume they have done enough, and leave us to grow good upon our own stock and strength. But alas! these are Icarus his flights, Nature has provided no wings for man to soar so high with. Vice will never be chased out of the world with Invectives, nor Virtue advanced to her Empire by Panegyrics. The most prudent advertency, and the most manly resolution; the most rational love, and the most generous indignation that ever Opinionative moralist could conceive and fortify his breast withal, will never be able to secure a man against the subtle approaches or the violent assaults of sin: 'Tis only the Divine Assistance that is our castle and defence, and the vital spring of all our good habits; and whosoever terminates his hopes, even of serving and pleasing God, upon the confidence of any other strength then what is derived from God, his hopes are impious, and he must miscarry.  
'Tis true that Rational Arguments are proper, nay necessary to excite a man to his duty; which is a Rational service, and effected by Rational endeavours, not lazy presumptions: But then this is the point, A man must likewise know, that when he is about his duty, he is not sufficient for that which he is about: for God has reserved a partial agency to himself, and he does as much command our application to him for this assistance, as he does demand all the rest of our duty. For as God does require us to keep his Commandments, so in order to the doing of this, he does altogether as much require us to Ask, to Seek, and to Knock; that is, to apply ourselves for ability to do what he commands: and therefore he who shall undertake to reason and argue a man into his duty, without insisting on the necessary application to God, does the same thing in resemblance, as if he should cut off the Traveller's legs, and provide him with a staff. That one instance of S. Peter to our Saviour, Mat. 26. Though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; being as stout a Resolution, upon as good motives, and from as honest a heart, as any man else can ever dare to pretend to, has sufficiently baffled all humane confidence, and demonstrated that the opinion of strength in ourselves in vanity, and the issue of it defeat.  
Having thus adjusted the true measures of humane Nature, as consisting between the two extremes of selfsufficiency to Good, and absolute necessity to Evil: It results, that the not making God our strength (which in one word we may call Indevotion, Doeg's first charge in my Text) is the great Parent Evil; an Evil more prolifical in us then that of Adam; and if we will with S. Augustin, attribute the Universal Origine of sin to a Deficient Cause, it must be to this Defect of Application to God, as being the first, the inlet, and the cause of all others. For whatsoever inadvertencies a man may be guilty of before, it is impossible he should fall under the dominion of any vicious habits, until he has first fallen from this Guard of the Divine Assistance. But then on the other side, when a man has once by neglect fallen from this Guard; when either through desuetude, or infrequency, or mere formality of devotion, he has suffered his mind to grow alienated from God, and his dependence upon him, to diminish and fail; that man is then arrived to a pitch, where it is as impossible for him to stay, as it is to fix after the first step down a precipice: He must go on, and his next genuine advance, is to the second Member of Doeg's charge, (viz.) He trusted in the multitude of his Riches. For  
The Soul of man, like common Nature, admits no Vacuum; if God be not there, Mammon must be; and it is as impossible to serve neither, as it is to serve both. And for this there is an essential reason in our constitution; For Man is designed and born an Indigent Creature, full of wants and appetites, and a restless desire of happiness, which he can by no means find within himself; and this indispensably obliges him to seek for his happiness abroad: Now if he seek his happiness from God, he answers the very intention of his frame; and has made a wise choice of an object, that is adequate to all his wants and desires: But then if he does not seek his happiness from God, he must necessarily seek it somewhere else; for his appetites cannot hang long undetermined, they are eager and must have their quarry; If he forsake the fountain of Living waters, yet he cannot forsake his thirst; and therefore he lies under the necessity of hewing out broken Cisterns to himself; He must pursue, and at least promise himself satisfaction in other enjoyments. Thus when our Hope, our Trust, and our Expectations abate towards God, they do not abate in themselves, but are only scattered among undue and inferior Objects. And this makes the connexion infallible between Indevotion, and Moral Idolatry; that is, between the neglect of God's worship, and worshipping the Creature; for whatsoever share we abate towards God, we always place upon something else; and whatsoever thing else we prosecute with that share of love, desire, or complacency, which is due unto God, that is in effect our Idol; as is expressly declared in the case of Riches, Col. 3. 5. which is the particular matter I am to treat about in this second part.  
Riches are God's blessing, and the good man's promise, and administer not only the lawful comforts to Nature, but the greatest means and opportunities to Virtue; and yet the managery of them is so nice and hazardous, and they occasionally produce so much of evil, that, as the Poets did therefore conclude them to come from Hell, so the Scriptures tell us in earnest that they generally tend thither.  
Not things themselves, but affections and opinions about things are evil, says the Rule; and it being so in the present case, I shall briefly note some affections of men that thus pervert Riches into evil.  

I shall mention three. 

Excess of Desire.  
Mistake of Right.  
And undue Complacency.     
The first respects Riches in Prospect, the other two in Possession. I begin with Excess of Desire.  
The Stoick's Wise man would have no desire, for fear of Disappointment; but 'tis certain the Good man will have no great desire, for fear of Impiety. For a great desire can hardly be entertained without a secret quarrel with providence, an unthankfulness for what is present, and a preference of our own wish before the good pleasure and ordination of God. When the Israelites desired a King, they desired no more than the completion of God's own promise to them; there was nothing sinful in their desire, but the excess of it; It was come to this, Nay but we will have a King; and than God sent them a King in his anger, and many infamous calamities during the whole course of his reign. Nor was Rachel's desire of Children any other then natural and just, till it came to this impatience, Give me Children or else I die; and than God disappointed her with a Grant, and punished her with her very wish; for she died in Childbearing. All things are lawful for me (says the Apostle) but I will not come under the power of any; and so in like manner, the desire of all things is lawful, while it is temperate, but an impetuous desire grows a Master in the Soul; it brings it under its power: and our freedom, and our reason, and our conscience too, must upon occasion submit to its Tyranny. Hence it comes to pass, that the desire of Riches does very often absolutely profane the soul, and turn the Temple of God into mere Shop and Exchange. When the man should be Religious, his thoughts are never at home; they are abroad in attendance upon the design in hand; and Mammon is the commanding object of all his value and devotion. God Almighty requires that the strongest breathe of our heart, should, like the smoke of the Accepted Sacrifice, mount directly to Heaven; but the Covetous man's desire does, like the rejected smoke, incline all downwards, and spend itself upon the Earth. He is restless in contrivance, and hardy in pursuit; confident in attempts, and bold and importunate in addresses; (and what is worse) he looks upon sordid compliance, and base connivance, and all the acts of dissimulation and fraud, as only provident methods of attaining his end. His thoughts being thus in full employ, and his imagination always busy, he lets time roll over his head, without making any reflections worthy his immortal part; so that scarcely does the poor Emet tug for a heap of earth, with more toil, or less Religion than he.  
Thus does man in the first place vitiate Riches by Desire, and make them his sins before they are his. But if they come into possession, he vitiates them in the second place by Mistake of Right.  
'Tis certain that the worldly man studies nothing so accurately as his Title to his Estate and yet when all is done he mistakes it, for he counts himself a Proprietor where he is but a Steward. For the good things of this life being by no means the Christians portion, God never consigns them to us into Property, but only into Trust. They employ the Manager, and approve the Faithful; but he that fails in his accounts will find, that his Revenues are his Debts. 'Tis therefore the Wise man's care to make friends with the Mammon; to sow as he hopes to reap; to justify his expenses, and to bless the stock by thankfulness, temperance and charity: But he that assumes more right than God has given, that is, he that takes what he has to be absolutely his own, the first Inference he makes is this, that he may do with it what he pleases; that he may either spend it upon his own luxury, or hoard it up for that of his Heirs; and thus he eludes all the obligations of charity, and esteems the casting his bread upon the waters as great a folly in the figure, as it is in the letter. It was thus that Dives in the Parable, had carved for himself, who when he petitioned for a drop of water to allay his torments, his mouth was stopped, and his petition rejected with this sole answer, Son remember that thou in thy life-time hadst thy good things. Questionless many a man has had his good things in his life-time, and yet his share after this life not a jot the less; but this was Dives his case, he took the good things of this life for his property, and his portion, and used them accordingly; and therefore it was that now he must expect no more.  
The third Affection whereby a man vitiates his Riches is undue Complacency, which is an Acquiescence of mind in the Object of enjoyment, or (in the Scripture expression) a setting our hearts upon it.  
A moderate complacency or satisfaction in the good things of this world is requisite to make a man thankful, as a proportion of spirits is necessary to sense; but an absolute complacency, or rest in them, is (like a great excess of Spirits) a very stupor and loss of mind. The best rule about Riches is to possess them as though we possessed them not; that is, to respect them with such an equality of temper, as neither to place our happiness in their presence, nor our misery in their loss: But the worldly man possesses them so, that he is possessed by them; they take in his heart, and then fill it so completely, that he is not sensible of any other hunger or desire. How sweetly does he sing, Soul take thy rest, for I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing? How securely does he sleep when his senses drop tired from variety of diversions, and lie locked up in the fumes of agreeable juices? Do we think that the Kingdom of Heaven is like to suffer violence from such a man? no, it is rather to be feared that he would count Heaven itself a violence, and an overture of change would shock and disgust him. For what indeed should he do there? whose conceptions are wholly leveled to the pleasures of sense; of wines and meats, and their wanton consequences; and who is no more apprehensive of immaterial joys, than the grossest brute is of Music or Picture. And here I limit the second station of the Broad way; that is Doeg's second charge, He trusted in the multitude of his Riches.  
And now the sinner being advanced thus far through the neglect of Piety, and love of the World, and finding his road grateful, and the return tedious, and the visage of repentance so austere, that if he put himself under her conduct, he must lose all that he knows how to prise; that is, gaiety and pleasure, and perhaps riches too: and these thoughts making deeper impressions, than any thing future can, upon a mind whose reasonings are now grown weak, and consideration little; what can he resolve but to go on? But because to go on, and at the same time to look back, is distracting; because reflection upon guilt is a torment, and a cowardly sinner is an insufferable penance, he finds it necessary to take better courage; that is, in the words of my third part, To, strengthen himself in his wickedness: and thereupon he betakes himself to the two strong holds of sin, Debauchery and Atheism, and thence he bids defiance to Heaven. Like an ungrateful Subject, who after he has long abused his Prince, and his crimes are grown so great that they cannot be compounded on easy terms, and his stomach so haughty too, that he hates to stoop to due submission and allegiance, He draws his sword and flings away the scabbard, and resolves to defend himself by a meditated rebellion.  
The first strong hold that the rebel sinner betakes himself to is Debauchery, which in its proper notion, is no more than an express art against Thinking. To indulge appetites and gratify senses, to live soft and delicate according to the scheme of studied pleasure, is the business of the Voluptuous; but the Debauchee is not so choice: For his end is not so much to please, as to amuse; and his whole study is only for a course of expedients how to darken the mind, and divert thought, and fence out reflection. His wine is not to refresh but to drown; and therefore he drinks not like an Epicure, but rather like a Spartan Slave, when he drunk to bring drinking into disgrace. His Discourse is not for understanding, but for noise. Noise is good company and wit; and so with hurry and laughter, and any thing that is loud, he stifles the remonstrances of Reason, and murmurs of Conscience, as drum and trumpet cover the cries of a battle. He guards himself against the awe of virtue, by an habitual contempt of the good; and secures himself against counsel, by a preventing derision of the serious: He hates every solemn act, if it be but a grace at his meal; lest the remembrance of a God should check his jollity, and bridle his excess. But then, if notwithstanding all this art, his body chance to tyre under the drudgery of vice, and so he be overtaken with the intervals of apprehensive thoughts, the last Refuge of his uneasy and desperate mind is Atheism. And questionless, how poor a Refuge soever Atheism be, it was never any other then Refuge: it is an Opinion that was never offered by Reason, but always sought for by Distress. And this without doubt is the reason why one age of Christianity has produced more Atheists, than were ever known in the whole extent and duration of Heathenism; because the Christian lying under greater convictions, and therefore stronger pressures of conscience, must needs be more forcibly urged to fly to this Refuge, than the Heathen could be, whose knowledge of sin and judgement being less, his fears must necessarily be so too. After the man has once resolved upon Atheism, he does generally in the first place swear Fidelity to his Opinion; that is, he doth by familiar forms of Oaths and raving Imprecations inculcate to himself that God is nothing but a Mormoe or bugbear; and so he hardens himself in his pretence.  
In the next place he pronounces Religion a Trick; contrived by the Art of Princes, and conserved by the Interest of Priests; that if ever any talked wisely about Religion, it is only they who discard all particular positive Religions, and stick only to that of Nature. But than what is Nature, or at least the Interpreter of Nature, but common usage and Custom? And what is it that we have not Custom for? We have Custom for all sorts of Vices; we have Custom for opposite Religions, and for no Religion; and so in fine from Nature can arise no Obligation at all.  
In the next place the Doctrine of Spirits is cried down as absurd; and all the matters of fact that tend to assert their being, can obtain no more credit, than Lucian's raillery upon the enchanted Broomstaff. But most of all absurd in his conceit, and unphilosophical is the Doctrine of Immortal Souls. For what do Souls act above the power of subtle matter in the state of Union? and how can they disengage themselves from common perishing in the state of dissolution? The Beasts approach very near us in our most wise and sagacious operations without the hazard of being Immortal; and why should man fancy that hazard to himself? No, we are born at all adventures; and we shall be as though we had never been; and our Spirits shall vanish into soft air. And now what can be done with a man of this persuasion? 'Tis to as little purpose to tell him of Hell and torments, as of Charon and Cerberus; All is Par sollicito Fabula somnio, as his Minion Poet hath concluded it; And thus the Atheist is become as safe and impregnable, as in a Castle of Brass.  
But alas the miserable dream of peace that must wake into an eternity of real evils! Alas the pityable Reasons that must be confuted by so sad an Experiment! For as we have hitherto taken the prospect of the sinner's way, so my Text requires us to look a little farther, and advert his end. You have seen what the man was; he was gay and secure in his wickedness: but now Lo this is the man; this is his present state, he is become a spectacle of vengeance, an object of terror and of scorn, and pointed out for a warning to all that shall come after. Lo this is the Man that had shipwrackt his Faith, and wasted his Conscience, and corrupted his Mind, so that he had lost the notices of what he should do, as well as the care of what he did: But now his Miseries have rectified his Notions; He believes and trembles; He sees God again in the terror of his judgements; and is convinced by an eternal dying, that the soul is subject to no other death. He now lies scourged with past enjoyments; and terrified with his present passions: His Wit and Parts groan under the Conviction of Folly; and his shame and anguish are consummated by despair. But my Text only points at this; nor is it my business to insist upon it any farther. I have my end in minding you from the Example, that Sin and Judgement are inseparably linked together; That if we will escape Doeg's end, we must avoid his way; That if we will resist sin successfully, we must resist it in its first Issues, and pluck up the roots of it, which in passing I have discovered.  
And now that the most important of what I have said, may be left more immediately upon your thoughts, I shall sum it up into one sentence, and conclude: The lesson that the whole example does most genuinely teach us is this, That when a man once ceases to take God for his strength, (which was Doeg's first default) when he once neglects to apply himself to Heaven for conduct and support, that man naturally falls from one sin to another, and there is no security of stopping betwixt Indevotion and the Bottomless Pit.  
From which the Divine mercy prevent us.  
FINIS.   

Books Printed for William Birch.  

A Description of the 17 Provinces, commonly called the Low Countries, the present Stage of Action; also of the Rivers, Commodities, All Cities, strong Towns, and Forts; as Utrecht, Gaunt, Bruges, Ipre, Ostend, Newport, S. Omers, Cambray, Valenciennes, etc. with other things remarkable therein. Price bound 1 s.  
The Angler's delight, Containing the whole Art of Neat and Clean Angling; wherein is taught the readiest way to take all sorts of Fish from the Pike to the Minnow; together with their proper haunts, and times of fishing for them; as also the Method of Fishing in Hackney River, & of the best stands there; with the manner of making all sorts of good Tackle; The like never printed before. By W.G. Gent,  
Bridge's Word to the Aged,  
Steps of Ascension unto God, or a Ladder to Heaven; Containing Prayers and Meditations for every day of the week, and for all other times and occasions. By E. Gee.  
Shepard's Court-keepers Guide.  
The French King Conquered by the English, the King of France and his Son brought prisoners into England, besides divers Earls, Lords, and above 2000 Knights and Esquires; wherein is given an account of several great Battles fought, and wonderful Victories obtained over the French when they have had six to one against the English; to the honour and renown of England's unparallelled Valour, Conduct, and Resolution.  
Leybourn's Universal Instrument, performing all such Conclusions, Geometrical and Astronomical, as are usually wrought by the Globes, Spheres, Sector, Quadrants, Planupheres, or any other the like Instrument yet in being, with much ease and exactness.  
The Reasonableness of God's Law, and unreasonableness of Sin.  
Allen of Contentment.  
The Young Merchant's Glass, wherein are exact Rules of all Weights, Coins, Measures, Exchanges, and other matters necessary used in Commerce; as also Variety of Merchant's Accounts, after the Italian way of Debtor and Creditor, in Factorage, Partnership, and Bartar; likewise the Method of keeping Pursers books. By J. Every.  
Clark's Martyrology. Fol.  
His Examples, in 2 Vol. Fol.  
Marrow of Ecclesiastical History. Fol.   
THE END.